raw_content
stringlengths 3
1.03M
| doc_id
stringlengths 30
34
| meta
stringlengths 191
118k
| quality_signals
stringlengths 1.9k
1.97M
|
|---|---|---|---|
The objective of the Canteen and meal service is to protect by reducing the risk of food borne illness, with proper sanitary conditions and preventing adulterated food.From the very beginning of the College, the College Canteen has been functioning efficiently. The canteen is located inside the College. The hostellers and day scholars are provided meals by assuring food safety and quality.
The students who come from faraway places, start their journey to the College early in the morning. For them mid-day meal is provided. Even many day-scholars use canteen facility for their breakfast and evening tea with snacks. Presently there are 130 students in the two hostels of the College. They are provided with three meals a day, bed coffee and evening tea/coffee.
The Management of the Canteen is directly under the control of College Administration. The Contractor of the Canteen is selected according to the available and suitable quotations.A well experienced person in food services management, his team is managing, the canteen of HCCMAT. Students and staff of the College are benefited by the College canteen.
Menu will be planned by the assigned team of Management and instructions will be given to the Contractor. The contract of the Canteen will be renewed every year. Periodical meeting will be conducted by the team of Management and Contractor in order to appraise the function of Canteen. Liberalization of food trade, growing consumer demand, physical set up and sanitary conditions are also discussed during appraisal. Also suggestions, complaints and problems of the food consumers are taken into consideration.
Only one common eating facility (canteen facility) shall be provided in the campus for day scholars, hostellers, guests of the College, teaching and non-teaching staff of the College. The management is fully committed to keep the qualityof the canteen for the utmost benefit of all concerned.
Wifi Zone
Awareness about admission in UG : An appeal towards awareness for admission in Under Graduate courses in Binod Bihari Mahto ...
Admission in UG and Vocational Courses : In response to the Director of Department of Higher and Technical Education.......
Notice about fill up the examination form : Notice about fill up the examination form for FYUGP 2022-2025 under NEP 2020 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1900 | {"url": "https://bscitycollege.ac.in/facility-canteen", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "bscitycollege.ac.in", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:28:54Z", "digest": "sha1:AUMIHJAG4B2FLEN2D5TMF23JD5M6HK6C"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2305, 2305.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2305, 5814.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2305, 9.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2305, 240.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2305, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2305, 335.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2305, 0.38106796]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2305, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2305, 0.03705664]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2305, 0.03705664]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2305, 0.03705664]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2305, 0.02646903]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2305, 0.03176284]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2305, 0.01588142]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2305, 0.01456311]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2305, 0.22222222]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2305, 0.11650485]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2305, 0.49584488]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2305, 5.23268698]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2305, 0.00728155]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2305, 4.57998738]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2305, 361.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 393, 1.0], [393, 766, 1.0], [766, 1118, 1.0], [1118, 1630, 1.0], [1630, 1923, 1.0], [1923, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 2061, 1.0], [2061, 2185, 1.0], [2185, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 393, 0.0], [393, 766, 0.0], [766, 1118, 0.0], [1118, 1630, 0.0], [1630, 1923, 0.0], [1923, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 2061, 0.0], [2061, 2185, 0.0], [2185, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 393, 61.0], [393, 766, 62.0], [766, 1118, 54.0], [1118, 1630, 79.0], [1630, 1923, 46.0], [1923, 1933, 2.0], [1933, 2061, 19.0], [2061, 2185, 18.0], [2185, 2305, 20.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 393, 0.0], [393, 766, 0.00828729], [766, 1118, 0.0], [1118, 1630, 0.0], [1630, 1923, 0.0], [1923, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 2061, 0.0], [2061, 2185, 0.0], [2185, 2305, 0.1025641]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 393, 0.0], [393, 766, 0.0], [766, 1118, 0.0], [1118, 1630, 0.0], [1630, 1923, 0.0], [1923, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 2061, 0.0], [2061, 2185, 0.0], [2185, 2305, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 393, 0.02290076], [393, 766, 0.01876676], [766, 1118, 0.05113636], [1118, 1630, 0.02148438], [1630, 1923, 0.01365188], [1923, 1933, 0.2], [1933, 2061, 0.0703125], [2061, 2185, 0.08870968], [2185, 2305, 0.08333333]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2305, 0.08908021]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2305, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2305, 0.03213835]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2305, -74.51635948]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2305, 10.78834607]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2305, 18.60357366]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2305, 23.0]]} |
There are 2 life situations for Construction and Housing
There is one service for Construction and Housing
Are you looking for a new place to live or have you just moved? Or would you like to build a house? Your own home, whether it is rented or your property, is very important to us as people. This section provides information, contact details and answers to questions relating to the topics of building, buying property, and housing.
Building a house or buying property
Housing and moving | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1901 | {"url": "https://buerger.sachsen-anhalt.de/en/kategorie?pstId=392896025&pstCatId=395397191", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "buerger.sachsen-anhalt.de", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:08:04Z", "digest": "sha1:XGVJ2MFAJVHH7N4QVO2RBRZI7MTE7DKU"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 492, 492.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 492, 3090.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 492, 5.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 492, 85.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 492, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 492, 315.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 492, 0.45744681]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 492, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 492, 0.07518797]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 492, 0.09022556]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 492, 0.12531328]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 492, 0.10638298]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 492, 0.63529412]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 492, 4.69411765]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 492, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 492, 3.81479268]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 492, 85.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 107, 0.0], [107, 438, 1.0], [438, 474, 0.0], [474, 492, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 107, 0.0], [107, 438, 0.0], [438, 474, 0.0], [474, 492, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 57, 9.0], [57, 107, 8.0], [107, 438, 59.0], [438, 474, 6.0], [474, 492, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 57, 0.01785714], [57, 107, 0.0], [107, 438, 0.0], [438, 474, 0.0], [474, 492, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 107, 0.0], [107, 438, 0.0], [438, 474, 0.0], [474, 492, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 57, 0.05263158], [57, 107, 0.06], [107, 438, 0.01208459], [438, 474, 0.02777778], [474, 492, 0.05555556]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 492, 6.521e-05]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 492, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 492, 0.00010467]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 492, -19.95637906]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 492, -6.35958645]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 492, -32.44981066]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 492, 5.0]]} |
Ballpark-pano-Sam-Klien-2010
Luke Garrott on September 21, 2022
Posted by Luke Garrott
Luke Garrott, PhD, has published in The Salt Lake Tribune and the Deseret News, and written features for the Salt Lake City Weekly City Guide and The West View. A former two-term councilman in Salt Lake City's District 4, he lives in Downtown Salt Lake City and grew up in the Chicago area.
See All Posts Email Luke Garrott | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1902 | {"url": "https://buildingsaltlake.com/as-salt-lake-citys-triple-a-baseball-considers-moving-out-of-the-city-the-future-of-the-ballpark-neighborhood-becomes-even-more-uncertain/ballpark-pano-sam-klien-2010/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "buildingsaltlake.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:54:55Z", "digest": "sha1:BC2NG2FQXMVGEXBI7C4DR6OFHQRT7RH7"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 410, 410.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 410, 1535.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 410, 5.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 410, 45.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 410, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 410, 217.1]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 410, 0.2247191]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 410, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 410, 0.13414634]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 410, 0.06707317]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 410, 0.01123596]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 410, 0.19101124]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 410, 0.65714286]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 410, 4.68571429]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 410, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 410, 3.61115108]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 410, 70.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 378, 1.0], [378, 410, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 378, 0.0], [378, 410, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 29, 1.0], [29, 64, 6.0], [64, 87, 4.0], [87, 378, 53.0], [378, 410, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 29, 0.16666667], [29, 64, 0.18181818], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 378, 0.0035461], [378, 410, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 378, 0.0], [378, 410, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 29, 0.10344828], [29, 64, 0.08571429], [64, 87, 0.13043478], [87, 378, 0.09965636], [378, 410, 0.1875]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 410, -6.2e-06]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 410, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 410, 0.00017756]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 410, -29.50876038]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 410, -11.1890677]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 410, 9.65048272]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 410, 3.0]]} |
360 Apartments 8.22 – 1 (10)
Isaac Riddle on August 22, 2016
Posted by Isaac Riddle
Isaac Riddle grew up just outside of Salt Lake City, Utah. He has a BA in English literature from the University of Utah and a Masters of Journalism from Temple University. Isaac has written for Next City, The Philadelphia Public School Notebook and Salt Lake City Weekly. Before embarking on a career in journalism, Isaac taught High School English in the Kensington neighborhood of Philadelphia. Isaac is the founder of Building Salt Lake and can be reached at [email protected].
See All Posts Email Isaac Riddle | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1903 | {"url": "https://buildingsaltlake.com/pictures-despite-challenges-rio-grande-neighborhood-growing/360-apartments-8-22-1-10/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "buildingsaltlake.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:29:53Z", "digest": "sha1:5ZIPQORADGHUSGXVLXHP5VDG747BF2QR"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 607, 607.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 607, 1734.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 607, 5.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 607, 45.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 607, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 607, 292.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 607, 0.27966102]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 607, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 607, 0.08924949]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 607, 0.04868154]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 607, 0.00847458]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 607, 0.18644068]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 607, 0.63366337]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 607, 4.88118812]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 607, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 607, 3.97145135]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 607, 101.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 61, 0.0], [61, 84, 0.0], [84, 575, 1.0], [575, 607, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 61, 0.0], [61, 84, 0.0], [84, 575, 0.0], [575, 607, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 29, 6.0], [29, 61, 6.0], [61, 84, 4.0], [84, 575, 79.0], [575, 607, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 29, 0.36], [29, 61, 0.2], [61, 84, 0.0], [84, 575, 0.0], [575, 607, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 61, 0.0], [61, 84, 0.0], [84, 575, 0.0], [575, 607, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 29, 0.03448276], [29, 61, 0.09375], [61, 84, 0.13043478], [84, 575, 0.07942974], [575, 607, 0.1875]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 607, 0.00093454]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 607, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 607, 0.00175792]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 607, -44.71505654]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 607, -15.29879794]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 607, 9.24441518]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 607, 8.0]]} |
Taylor Anderson on August 19, 2022
Posted by Taylor Anderson
Taylor Anderson grew up near Chicago and made his way West to study journalism at the University of Montana. He's been a staff writer for the Chicago Tribune, Bend Bulletin and Salt Lake Tribune. A move from Portland, Oregon, to Salt Lake City opened his eyes to the importance of good urban design for building strong neighborhoods. He lives on the border of the Liberty Wells and Ballpark neighborhoods.
See All Posts Email Taylor Anderson | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1904 | {"url": "https://buildingsaltlake.com/uta-and-ogden-are-searching-for-a-developer-to-build-a-new-union-station-campus/screen-shot-2022-07-27-at-4-45-42-pm/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "buildingsaltlake.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:50:32Z", "digest": "sha1:H5CVGFIQGXDD4WH7QK6QKTIW5E2MMI5W"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 502, 502.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 502, 1672.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 502, 4.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 502, 45.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 502, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 502, 248.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 502, 0.30526316]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 502, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 502, 0.13691932]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 502, 0.01052632]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 502, 0.11578947]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 502, 0.70588235]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 502, 4.81176471]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 502, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 502, 3.95439591]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 502, 85.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 61, 0.0], [61, 467, 1.0], [467, 502, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 61, 0.0], [61, 467, 0.0], [467, 502, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 35, 6.0], [35, 61, 4.0], [61, 467, 69.0], [467, 502, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 35, 0.18181818], [35, 61, 0.0], [61, 467, 0.0], [467, 502, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 61, 0.0], [61, 467, 0.0], [467, 502, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 35, 0.08571429], [35, 61, 0.11538462], [61, 467, 0.0591133], [467, 502, 0.17142857]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 502, 0.00023991]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 502, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 502, 0.00282639]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 502, -1.77693199]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 502, -1.35236123]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 502, 9.53655442]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 502, 5.0]]} |
Search in titles only Search in Relationships only
I have to run away with my boyfriend
I am 18 and my boyfriend is 26. My parents won't let us see each other or talk to each other. My best friend has been letting me use her phone to talk to him at school, but I need to see him. I know that they're never going to accept him or us, but I love him and we already decided that after I finish high school and college, we're going to get married. I can't take being so depressed that I feel like dying. I feel so lost and I feel like God isn't giving me any answers. My Mom told me and my brother/sisters to make a list of what we want for Christmas, and all that I could write was "To be happy." Sometimes I feel stupid and like I should just suck it up and get over it, but I can't. The only people I can talk to about it are two of my friends because adults don't understand and will just judge him because he's 26 or call me naive, desperate, or obsessed like my Dad did. I won't be alone; my boyfriend said that he'd pick me up and let me stay at his apartment with him and he's going to take me to and from school. I feel like I'm being selfish because this is going to mess up the family for the third time and because it's so close to Christmas. But I feel so trapped like I'll never be able to get out and I keep coming back to the same conclusion that leaving is the only option. I'm tired of disappointing my parents, but I'm never going to be happy staying here and never seeing him again. I'm scared that I'll regret leaving, but I know that I'll regret staying. And I'm scared that I'll get there and realize that I don't love him as much as I think I do and it'll be too late to come back because my parents will be really mad and I would have ruined everything for nothing. I know that this post is random and jumps around a lot, but I'm crying and can't think in paragraph form. I just don't know what to do.
RE: I have to run away with my boyfriend
Thank you for reaching out to us during this difficult time. It sounds like you are thinking of leaving soon to be with your boyfriend. Although laws very from state to state, in most places you are considered an adult at 18. The best way to get a straight answer would be to contact your local law enforcement and ask them what the age of majority is in your state. We are not legal experts and cannot give legal advice. However, Technically since you are an adult you should be able to leave without any legal consequences.
It sounds like you are worried about the emotional stress it may cause the family. Have you thought about talking to them about how that makes you feel? We are sorry to hear you are so unhappy and depressed. If you ever do feel like dying or hurting yourself you can always call the National Suicide Hotline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).
We are sorry to hear your parents do not understand you. What do you think it would take for them to be accepting of your relationship? It sounds like this is a very stressful time for you as well. What other options do you think you have? You mentioned that you want to finish high school and college before getting married. We applaud you for wanting to continue your education, it sounds like you are planning ahead.
You also mentioned that you are worried about leaving and having to come back. Do you have a backup plan if things don’t go the way you expected? You can always call us at 1-800-RUNAWAY (786-2929) to discuss what other options you have available. We are a non-judgmental hotline that is available to you 24/7. We can also be reached by live chat from 4:30pm-11:30pm Central Standard Time at www.1800runaway.org if you ever need to talk. We wish you both the best of luck and hope to hear from you soon!
-NRS
When my parents found out, they were really mad, especially my Dad. For a couple weeks, every time I talked to him, he was mad and kept trying to convince me that my boyfriend is a terrible person even he's never met him. One night, before dropping me off at school for choir practice, my Dad told me that if he let us be together, I'd be pregnant within a few months, he would leave me, and I'd be a single, 18-year old mother. They will never accept our relationship. They might tolerate it once we're married and they have to, but I'm pretty sure that they'll never accept him/us. I'm planning on leaving Tuesday night after my choir concert at school and having him pick me up at a church near my house. I'm supposed to sing at my church Sunday, so I'll have to come back by then, plus I don't want to be gone on Christmas. I don't want to leave forever; I just want my parents to see that I love him and that I need him because I am so unhappy. I don't really have a backup plan. I have OCD and apparently a lot of people who have it feel like they don't love their partner even when they do, so it could be that or it could just be that I'm scared. Also, I am not going to kill or hurt myself, but sometimes I just feel so tired of living. I have been talking to my best friend who has had a lot of friends with psychological or emotional issues and she is my emotional support, but when I can't talk to her, I have no one. I have other friends and one other who knows about my plan to leave, but they can't give me the kind of emotional support that she can. Also, I've prayed about it, but I feel so distant from God, which makes me feel worse because I'm not putting Him first.
Also, my parents have been trying to get things back to normal, which makes me feel bad about even thinking about leaving, but they keep ignoring the reason this all started in the first place. Even if he's not right for me, I need to figure that out myself because them telling me is not going to change my mind. I wish that I could want a "normal" relationship, but I want him and now my life seems to be falling apart just because I fell in love.
Re: RE: I have to run away with my boyfriend
Thank you for sharing your story. It sounds like you and your parents aren't understanding each other. It also sounds like ideally you may not even feel the need to leave home if they just allowed you to see this boy. Have you all ever tried family counseling? perhaps having someone objective in the middle can help so both sides are heard and possibly reach a compromise where both sides would be happy with. If you decide to give us a call, one of the things we might suggest is doing a conference call between us, you and your parent. We can help mediate a conversation about this and in the end provide counseling referrals that can help continue the conversation further. If you need to discuss this in further depth please dont hesitated to call us at our 24 hour hotline 1800-RUNAWAY (786-2929) or you can live chat with us any day from 4:30-11:30pm central time. We hope this helped.
NRS Supervisor
I decided to wait until Wednesday after school to leave because my Mom only has one day off this week (Tuesday) and she wants to spend it with me and my brother/sisters and I don't want to be selfish and ruin that since I'm already probably going to ruin Christmas. I feel really conflicted because on one hand, I feel like I shouldn't go, but on the other hand, I know that I can't do this forever. I can't keep feeling so upset and alone and I can't keep pretending that I'm not talking to him. I did that once and my parents found out, which is how I got here in the first place. I need my parents to know that even though they love me and want what's best for me, they don't always know what's best. And even if they're right, I need the freedom to find that out for myself or I'll never be happy and I'll never be able to forgive them. I wish that there were a way to get them to see that without hurting them by leaving. Even though they've hurt me SO much, I don't want to hurt them because I love them, but I've tried talking to them.... a lot and it just made things worse. But I don't know if this will change anything besides reopening a huge issue and making everything worse again. I don't know what they'll do when they find out that I'm gone. Also, to solve the issue of leaving and then realizing that I don't love him as much as I thought I did, he's going to come see me when my chorus class goes to sing at the Inner Harbor on Wednesday. That way, I can see him and if I change my mind, it won't be too late. It shouldn't cause any problems with the school with him being there because after we sing, my teacher lets us walk around with our friends and get lunch for about an hour or so. Also, once my parents see that I never came home from school and read my letter that I'm going to leave for them, I'm sure that my Dad will call my boyfriend, furious. I don't want him to ignore the call, but I don't know if it would be a good idea for him to talk to my Dad because he might say something that will make it worse. I also don't want to talk to my parents because my whole life, I've been a "good girl" and always been good and done what I was told (except for chores sometimes) and if I talk to them, I'll feel like I have to go home. I want to stay with him until Sunday morning when I have to sing at my church. I figure that I can go to church with him (my parents will be there) and then we can talk to them after church. But I kind of want someone to be there with us.... someone who wouldn't just take my parents' side. I would say my pastor, but, being a parent, he'd probably side with them. Also, since I don't know what will happen when I get back, I want to spend as much time and do as much stuff with him as possible (like meeting his family because they said that they want to meet me and I want to meet them). As scary as leaving, disappointing and hurting my parents, and getting a phone call from my Dad will be, I think that coming back will be the scariest part. I just hope that they're happy that I'm back and try to change things so that I won't feel like I have to leave again. My Mom has seen a glimpse of how much being away from him hurts me, but I've been hiding my pain from my Dad because he'd just get mad at me.
It sounds like you have come up with some options and maybe started to form a plan for your situation. We can tell you are still concerned about how this decision and your needs could affect your family emotionally and you do not want to hurt anyone, including yourself through this difficult process. Also, your idea to have someone come and serve as a mediator between you and your boyfriend and your family is a good idea and maybe something you can look into if you feel your pastor is not the best option. It can be scary not knowing what will happen, especially how your family might react when you return home, if your final decision is to leave. You can utilize our 24 hour hotline to practice what you might say and different scenarios. We can tell you want to be happy and keep your family happy as well, which is not an easy thing to do and you are trying your best to do what is right and good for everyone. We hope this helps and you can always reach us on our 24 hour hotline at 1-800-786-2929.
Thank you for the support. It's really nice to have someone else to talk to besides my best friend. I have been thinking about this for a while and tried to leave twice in the past couple weeks but the first time, my boyfriend had car problems and the second time he had to go on a business. I'm usually pretty good at planning since I over think everything so much, but putting those plans into action is the difficult part. I wouldn't be able to call until after I left (if I did call) because my Dad monitors my phone records, but after I leave, I'm sure that my boyfriend will let me use his phone if I need the extra support. Having him there will definitely help me get through everything and I hope that after this is all over we'll be able to be together and have a normal, strong relationship despite our age difference. Also, I read about the conference call thing with parents. How does that work? Would I actually have to talk to them or would you relay my message to them? Also, do you think that that would be a better option than having my boyfriend talk to my parents? They already don't like him and I know that he needs to talk to them and not seem like a coward to them, but I don't know if it would be a good idea when they're so upset.
We're glad we could offer you some support. We do offer both conference calling and a message service and we'd be happy to further discuss those two options should you decide to give us a call. Since our bulletin boards weren't really intended for long-term discussions, we do ask that you please call us from this point forward. We are toll-free so you can call us from any available pay phone for free 24/7. Best of luck and stay safe!
rajshri
I m having an affair from laast 10 years n now we both are of 24 and 26 and my parents are statted looking a guy for mr but i want get married to him n i know that if i will tell abt my affair to my parents they will not allow me an try to see any guy and ask me to get married to him if i say no den they wll try to blackmail mi emotionally
I know that i cant live without him n he to cant n i hav jus decide that if he is not going to be in my lige m jud going to commit sucide
Plz help me out. Wat should i do plz plz i want him n m jus affraid to runaway bcoz i dont want to hurt my family
re: what should i do
Thanks for contacting the National Runaway Safeline. We are sorry to hear about the way things are going for you. It sounds like you really want to be with your boyfriend. You mentioned that you are 24 and he is 26. In majority of the States, 18 is the age of majority and 21 in a few. If you are 24 years of age, you can leave home without having to run away. You can also contact your local law enforcement agency and they too can verify the age that you can legally leave home.
We would like to wish you and your boyfriend the best. You can also contact the National Suicide Hotline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255) if you are having suicidal thoughts; they’re available 24/7. And if you would like to speak with us in more depth about things, we too are available 24/7 at 1-800-RUNAWAY (786-2929).
run away with my bf
I have run away with my bf coz I realy lov him, my parents haven’t met him, they don't want me two date no one is good enough so I took off, they went out 4 the day and I got my chance, I tried 2 fix things say I'm sorry etc, but my dad don't bite his so mean and hardless. I'm verry happy with my bf but I also want be in touch with my parents its normal right?
Thanks for your post.
It sounds like you are having a very tough time with your parents excepting you having a boyfriend.
We understand that this must have been and continues to be a struggle for you.
How are you doing?
There is nothing wrong with wanting to be connected with your parents and it was courageous of you to try to apologize to your dad. You must be feeling confused about everything that is going on but it’s really good that you are reaching out in an effort to try and figure things out. Good for you.
NRS has services for conference calling to parents for our callers who have runaway but would like to try and have some communication with their parents.
We also have a message service where a caller who is a runaway can leave a message with NRS to be delivered by phone to their parents.
This service allows parents to hear the message and leave a reply for their son or daughter.
Does that sound like something you might want to try?
You can call 1-800-Runaway (786-2929) anytime day or night to speak with one of our crisis liners about these services or to just talk about your situation and look at some options.
We hope you can begin to feel better about your situation and appreciate you reaching out to NRS.
Should I stay or I go???
I'm having a really difficult time deciding on whether I should leave and be with my boyfriend who lives like 3 hours away from me. I really care and love him and he feels the same way but the issues with my parents are becoming a burden for us. I'm 19 and whenever he comes to my hometown to spend time with his sister who lives on my street, i try and go over there to spend as much time as I could with him before he drives back home. The issues are that I feel that since I'm still living with my parents, I don't have really any freedom to go out and be a normal person and live my life like a normal individual my age. What's really gotten me annoyed is that my dad will not have any problem coming over to my boyfrien's sister house and pick me to take me home like if I was at daycare. They really do treat me like a little kid which embarrass me. They don't approve of my relationship and that makes me upset becuz I know my boyfriend is a good person with a good heart but sadly my parents don't see It that way. I recently passed the American Red Cross test to be a CNA so I can start working as a CNA. Im glad and am looking for a job so I'm can be independent and show my parents that I'm growing up, most importantly i've been applying in and around where my boyfriend lives so in anycase I'll move with him and start working. I'll still be going to school while working but if my mom and dad don't start seeing things in a different way then I might just will move away to get away and like i can breathe. I know that they will be mad and possibly stop speaking to me again, but it doesn't have to come to this extreme unless my parents can approve of him and our relationship and know that I need more freedom to be a normal teenager as well as not having my dad pick me up like an untrustworthy child.
Should I stay or go?
Thank you for reaching out to the National Runaway Safeline.
It sounds like you have reached a level of frustration with your parents in regards to your relationship with your boyfriend.
We understand your feelings of wanting to be seen as a responsible adult and not a child.
It sounds like you have a plan put in place for your future and hopefully you and your parents can come to an understanding about your relationship with your boyfriend.
Good for you in passing the exam for the Red Cross.
This is quite an achievement to be proud of.
Making a major decision to move can be quite a difficult one; you are being wise to think it through.
It sounds like you would like to keep open communication with your parents in whatever choice you should make.
That's good and hopefully they will also.
If you would like to talk with one of our crisis liners about more options that might assist you with your situation please call our 24hr crisis line at 1-800-Runaway (786-2929) or drop in on our NRS live chat service 4:30pm to 11:30pm 7 days a week at www.1800Runaway.org
We thank you again for reaching out to the National Runaway Safeline. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1905 | {"url": "https://bulletinboards.1800runaway.org/forum/categories/relationships/1573-i-have-to-run-away-with-my-boyfriend#post10703", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "bulletinboards.1800runaway.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:28:09Z", "digest": "sha1:F2HVH4DXR5MWGTJIFXD2U5JW6P25WRIX"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 18852, 18852.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 18852, 24837.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 18852, 52.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 18852, 354.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 18852, 0.99]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 18852, 250.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 18852, 1.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 18852, 0.55689455]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 18852, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 18852, 0.01007077]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 18852, 0.08185901]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 18852, 0.03524769]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 18852, 0.03381873]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 18852, 0.02116222]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 18852, 0.01347305]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 18852, 0.01408547]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 18852, 0.00898204]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 18852, 0.01020686]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 18852, 0.0433372]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 18852, 0.12236385]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 18852, 0.19983731]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 18852, 3.98481562]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 18852, 0.0004635]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 18852, 5.55339129]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 18852, 3688.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 88, 0.0], [88, 1923, 1.0], [1923, 1964, 0.0], [1964, 2490, 1.0], [2490, 2824, 1.0], [2824, 3244, 1.0], [3244, 3747, 1.0], [3747, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 5439, 1.0], [5439, 5889, 1.0], [5889, 5934, 0.0], [5934, 6827, 1.0], [6827, 6842, 0.0], [6842, 10108, 1.0], [10108, 11117, 1.0], [11117, 12374, 1.0], [12374, 12812, 1.0], [12812, 12820, 0.0], [12820, 13162, 0.0], [13162, 13300, 0.0], [13300, 13414, 0.0], [13414, 13435, 0.0], [13435, 13916, 1.0], [13916, 14229, 1.0], [14229, 14249, 0.0], [14249, 14612, 1.0], [14612, 14634, 1.0], [14634, 14734, 1.0], [14734, 14813, 1.0], [14813, 14832, 1.0], [14832, 15131, 1.0], [15131, 15285, 1.0], [15285, 15420, 1.0], [15420, 15513, 1.0], [15513, 15567, 1.0], [15567, 15749, 1.0], [15749, 15847, 1.0], [15847, 15872, 1.0], [15872, 17691, 1.0], [17691, 17712, 1.0], [17712, 17773, 1.0], [17773, 17899, 1.0], [17899, 17989, 1.0], [17989, 18158, 1.0], [18158, 18210, 1.0], [18210, 18255, 1.0], [18255, 18357, 1.0], [18357, 18468, 1.0], [18468, 18510, 1.0], [18510, 18783, 0.0], [18783, 18852, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 88, 0.0], [88, 1923, 0.0], [1923, 1964, 0.0], [1964, 2490, 0.0], [2490, 2824, 0.0], [2824, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3747, 0.0], [3747, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 5439, 0.0], [5439, 5889, 0.0], [5889, 5934, 0.0], [5934, 6827, 0.0], [6827, 6842, 0.0], [6842, 10108, 0.0], [10108, 11117, 0.0], [11117, 12374, 0.0], [12374, 12812, 0.0], [12812, 12820, 0.0], [12820, 13162, 0.0], [13162, 13300, 0.0], [13300, 13414, 0.0], [13414, 13435, 0.0], [13435, 13916, 0.0], [13916, 14229, 0.0], [14229, 14249, 0.0], [14249, 14612, 0.0], [14612, 14634, 0.0], [14634, 14734, 0.0], [14734, 14813, 0.0], [14813, 14832, 0.0], [14832, 15131, 0.0], [15131, 15285, 0.0], [15285, 15420, 0.0], [15420, 15513, 0.0], [15513, 15567, 0.0], [15567, 15749, 0.0], [15749, 15847, 0.0], [15847, 15872, 0.0], [15872, 17691, 0.0], [17691, 17712, 0.0], [17712, 17773, 0.0], [17773, 17899, 0.0], [17899, 17989, 0.0], [17989, 18158, 0.0], [18158, 18210, 0.0], [18210, 18255, 0.0], [18255, 18357, 0.0], [18357, 18468, 0.0], [18468, 18510, 0.0], [18510, 18783, 0.0], [18783, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 51, 8.0], [51, 88, 8.0], [88, 1923, 373.0], [1923, 1964, 9.0], [1964, 2490, 97.0], [2490, 2824, 60.0], [2824, 3244, 77.0], [3244, 3747, 91.0], [3747, 3752, 1.0], [3752, 5439, 335.0], [5439, 5889, 88.0], [5889, 5934, 10.0], [5934, 6827, 161.0], [6827, 6842, 2.0], [6842, 10108, 661.0], [10108, 11117, 191.0], [11117, 12374, 245.0], [12374, 12812, 80.0], [12812, 12820, 1.0], [12820, 13162, 80.0], [13162, 13300, 34.0], [13300, 13414, 27.0], [13414, 13435, 5.0], [13435, 13916, 95.0], [13916, 14229, 53.0], [14229, 14249, 5.0], [14249, 14612, 81.0], [14612, 14634, 4.0], [14634, 14734, 18.0], [14734, 14813, 15.0], [14813, 14832, 4.0], [14832, 15131, 57.0], [15131, 15285, 26.0], [15285, 15420, 27.0], [15420, 15513, 17.0], [15513, 15567, 10.0], [15567, 15749, 32.0], [15749, 15847, 18.0], [15847, 15872, 6.0], [15872, 17691, 366.0], [17691, 17712, 5.0], [17712, 17773, 10.0], [17773, 17899, 21.0], [17899, 17989, 17.0], [17989, 18158, 30.0], [18158, 18210, 11.0], [18210, 18255, 9.0], [18255, 18357, 20.0], [18357, 18468, 19.0], [18468, 18510, 7.0], [18510, 18783, 49.0], [18783, 18852, 12.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 88, 0.0], [88, 1923, 0.00337648], [1923, 1964, 0.0], [1964, 2490, 0.00386847], [2490, 2824, 0.03395062], [2824, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3747, 0.05165289], [3747, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 5439, 0.00122775], [5439, 5889, 0.0], [5889, 5934, 0.0], [5934, 6827, 0.02290951], [6827, 6842, 0.0], [6842, 10108, 0.0], [10108, 11117, 0.01510574], [11117, 12374, 0.0], [12374, 12812, 0.00705882], [12812, 12820, 0.0], [12820, 13162, 0.01759531], [13162, 13300, 0.0], [13300, 13414, 0.0], [13414, 13435, 0.0], [13435, 13916, 0.02123142], [13916, 14229, 0.09491525], [14229, 14249, 0.0], [14249, 14612, 0.00569801], [14612, 14634, 0.0], [14634, 14734, 0.0], [14734, 14813, 0.0], [14813, 14832, 0.0], [14832, 15131, 0.0], [15131, 15285, 0.0], [15285, 15420, 0.0], [15420, 15513, 0.0], [15513, 15567, 0.0], [15567, 15749, 0.06285714], [15749, 15847, 0.0], [15847, 15872, 0.0], [15872, 17691, 0.00167785], [17691, 17712, 0.0], [17712, 17773, 0.0], [17773, 17899, 0.0], [17899, 17989, 0.0], [17989, 18158, 0.0], [18158, 18210, 0.0], [18210, 18255, 0.0], [18255, 18357, 0.0], [18357, 18468, 0.0], [18468, 18510, 0.0], [18510, 18783, 0.09505703], [18783, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 88, 0.0], [88, 1923, 0.0], [1923, 1964, 0.0], [1964, 2490, 0.0], [2490, 2824, 0.0], [2824, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3747, 0.0], [3747, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 5439, 0.0], [5439, 5889, 0.0], [5889, 5934, 0.0], [5934, 6827, 0.0], [6827, 6842, 0.0], [6842, 10108, 0.0], [10108, 11117, 0.0], [11117, 12374, 0.0], [12374, 12812, 0.0], [12812, 12820, 0.0], [12820, 13162, 0.0], [13162, 13300, 0.0], [13300, 13414, 0.0], [13414, 13435, 0.0], [13435, 13916, 0.0], [13916, 14229, 0.0], [14229, 14249, 0.0], [14249, 14612, 0.0], [14612, 14634, 0.0], [14634, 14734, 0.0], [14734, 14813, 0.0], [14813, 14832, 0.0], [14832, 15131, 0.0], [15131, 15285, 0.0], [15285, 15420, 0.0], [15420, 15513, 0.0], [15513, 15567, 0.0], [15567, 15749, 0.0], [15749, 15847, 0.0], [15847, 15872, 0.0], [15872, 17691, 0.0], [17691, 17712, 0.0], [17712, 17773, 0.0], [17773, 17899, 0.0], [17899, 17989, 0.0], [17989, 18158, 0.0], [18158, 18210, 0.0], [18210, 18255, 0.0], [18255, 18357, 0.0], [18357, 18468, 0.0], [18468, 18510, 0.0], [18510, 18783, 0.0], [18783, 18852, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 51, 0.05882353], [51, 88, 0.02702703], [88, 1923, 0.02615804], [1923, 1964, 0.07317073], [1964, 2490, 0.01330798], [2490, 2824, 0.03293413], [2824, 3244, 0.01428571], [3244, 3747, 0.03180915], [3747, 3752, 0.6], [3752, 5439, 0.02489627], [5439, 5889, 0.01555556], [5889, 5934, 0.08888889], [5934, 6827, 0.01679731], [6827, 6842, 0.26666667], [6842, 10108, 0.02510716], [10108, 11117, 0.00693756], [11117, 12374, 0.01829753], [12374, 12812, 0.01141553], [12812, 12820, 0.0], [12820, 13162, 0.00292398], [13162, 13300, 0.00724638], [13300, 13414, 0.01754386], [13414, 13435, 0.0], [13435, 13916, 0.02286902], [13916, 14229, 0.0543131], [14229, 14249, 0.0], [14249, 14612, 0.02203857], [14612, 14634, 0.04545455], [14634, 14734, 0.01], [14734, 14813, 0.01265823], [14813, 14832, 0.05263158], [14832, 15131, 0.01003344], [15131, 15285, 0.01948052], [15285, 15420, 0.02962963], [15420, 15513, 0.01075269], [15513, 15567, 0.01851852], [15567, 15749, 0.01098901], [15749, 15847, 0.04081633], [15847, 15872, 0.12], [15872, 17691, 0.01869159], [17691, 17712, 0.0952381], [17712, 17773, 0.06557377], [17773, 17899, 0.00793651], [17899, 17989, 0.01111111], [17989, 18158, 0.00591716], [18158, 18210, 0.05769231], [18210, 18255, 0.02222222], [18255, 18357, 0.00980392], [18357, 18468, 0.00900901], [18468, 18510, 0.02380952], [18510, 18783, 0.02197802], [18783, 18852, 0.05797101]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 18852, 0.09932387]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 18852, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 18852, 0.03720689]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 18852, -72.75335285]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 18852, -58.11068253]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 18852, -3061.84262719]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 18852, 167.0]]} |
A Common Personality Factor That Could Increase Your Risk of Injury
http://bpm-podcast.s3.amazonaws.com/2017.05.21.mp3
Looking back at all my years of school, from Pre-K through the end of grad school, I think the single most stressful period of my life was senior year of high school. Between AP classes and SAT’s, lessons, performances, competitions, and the whole college application and audition process, it felt pretty overwhelming at times.
Mostly, because for the first time ever, I felt a real need to play flawlessly. Playing perfectly was always the goal of course, but now there were some real stakes involved. In previous years, if I bombed a performance or totally choked in a competition, of course it would be embarrassing – but life would go on as normal. But I knew that I was only going to get one chance at college and conservatory auditions, and I worried that if the level of my playing fell short in those auditions, I wouldn’t get to go to the school my friends were at. And that my life would be ruined and derailed before it even really got started.
Which sounds overly dramatic now, I know, but this was high school after all. I blame the hormones.
Given all of this, perhaps it’s not so surprising that the only time in my life when I had any issues with tendonitis or such injuries was…senior year of high school.
What’s the connection?
Well, there are many reasons why we might get injured, but the research is beginning to suggest that personality factors also play a role in whether we are likely to get injured or not. And no, I don’t mean this in the sense that being an arrogant, condescending jerk is bad karma and makes you more likely to be the target of retaliation by the universe.
Specifically, it’s perfectionism that appears to predict injury. And a very particular kind of perfectionism at that.
Two dimensions of perfectionism
Before we get to the injury piece, let’s take a step back and take a quick look at perfectionism. Psychologists have conceptualized perfectionism in different ways, but one theory is the two-factor model, which proposes that there are two dimensions that comprise perfectionism.
One dimension is called perfectionistic strivings. This is characterized by having high personal standards, and a strong internal motivation to strive for perfection.
The other dimension is called perfectionistic concerns, which is characterized by worries about mistakes, fears of being evaluated negatively by others, and feeling angsty about the gap between what you expect of yourself and your current level of performance.
The two dimensions are not mutually exclusive, in that most of us have both to some degree, but they tend to pull us in different directions. Perfectionistic strivings are linked to desirable outcomes like greater intrinsic motivation, while perfectionistic concerns are associated with anxiety, depression, and other outcomes that are generally considered undesirable.
So how does this factor into the injury equation?
Tracking athletes’ injuries
A team of researchers recruited 80 elite junior athletes1 to participate in a study to see if there was any correlation between perfectionism and injury.
At the beginning of the study (September), all the athletes took two different sport-specific perfectionism assessments which included questions like “I have extremely high goals for myself in my sport” and “People will think less of me if I make mistakes in competition.”
Then, the athletes’ injuries were tracked and logged for the next 10 months, as they trained and competed as they normally would throughout the season. Injuries were defined as anything severe enough to require medical treatment and necessitate sitting out at least one practice or competition.
Was there a connection?
Of the 80 athletes, 38 managed to get through the season injury-free. However, more than half endured at least one injury, with 18 experiencing more than one injury.
As the researchers suspected, higher perfectionistic concerns scores were indeed significantly correlated with injury. In fact, for each standard deviation increase in an athlete’s perfectionistic concerns score, their odds of getting injured increased by over two times.
On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between perfectionistic strivings and injury.
So why is this? What is it about perfectionistic concerns that seems to predict injuries?
Two pathways to injury
The authors suggest that there are two ways to explain this connection.
One, is that folks who are high in perfectionistic concerns tend to experience a lot of stress. And this stress may not only keep individuals in a heightened fight-or-flight state, but disrupt their focus too, both of which could increase the likelihood of an injury. For instance, I remember my first summer playing in orchestra at a big music festival. As one of the youngest and least experienced members of the group, I was constantly worried about screwing up. I was so tense at every rehearsal, I’m surprised I got through the summer without hurting anything.
Another possibility is related to research which suggests there are differences in how athletes high or low in perfectionistic concerns approach training. It appears that those who are high in perfectionistic concerns are prone to “overtraining,” pushing themselves harder and longer in practice than those who are low in perfectionistic concerns. Training with high intensity and focus is one thing, but overtraining, especially over time, can lead to an increase in “training distress,” which can increase one’s susceptibility to injury.
Caveats and takeaways
It’s important to note that this study was done on a group of primarily male athletes with an average age of 17, so it’s not necessarily the case that these findings would generalize to musicians across a wider range of ages.
But it does seem reasonable that the same principles would be relevant across disciplines. And I was really struck by a passage in the NY Times article In Music as Well as Sports, Injuries Can End a Career, where a Yale University School of Medicine professor notes that whereas athletes understand “performance is about winning, not being perfect,” musicians are indoctrinated into an “early expectation of perfection,” despite perfection being an unattainable challenge.
And a somewhat misleading challenge too, since at some point in our development, we learn that technical perfection was never really the ultimate end-goal to begin with (as you can get a sense of from this interview with Yo-Yo Ma and this article by Norwegian violinist Henning Kraggerud).
I think the really tricky question has always been how to balance the pursuit of perfection with the expectation of perfection. And as much as I wish there were a simple answer, or one weird tip that you could click on in a Google ad, that could solve this overnight, I don’t think there is.
Although, in light of the prevalence of injuries amongst musicians, and the appearance of a link between perfectionism and injury susceptibility, I’m beginning to wonder if it’s an even more critical question than we might have thought. And one we must be vigilant about not only in our own approach to practice and performing, but in the messages we pass on to students in our teaching as well.
Musician, Heal Thyself @Peabody Magazine (which, with regards to overtraining, describes an interesting 5-rep-max-or-consult-with-teacher strategy about a third of the way down)
(average age = 17.1 yrs)
Two Helpful Things to Think About on Stage, Right Before You Play the First Note
Should Phones and Laptops Be Banned in the Classroom? Or Is This Just Much Ado about Nothing?
Charismatic, Inspiring Performers – What’s Their Secret?
Minna Chung: On the Mysteries of Intonation and a Few Things We Can Do to Play More in Tune
Pre-Performance Routines: How Consistent Do They Need to Be? | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1906 | {"url": "https://bulletproofmusician.com/a-common-personality-factor-that-could-increase-your-risk-of-injury/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "bulletproofmusician.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:50:45Z", "digest": "sha1:6HKZLWHP4TNY2465ZYJ2U4HXTXNVMPDF"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 7890, 7890.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 7890, 13171.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 7890, 41.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 7890, 170.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 7890, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 7890, 335.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 7890, 0.44444444]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 7890, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 7890, 0.01086619]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 7890, 0.01086619]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 7890, 0.03213288]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 7890, 0.01552313]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 7890, 0.0049674]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 7890, 0.01917989]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 7890, 0.13624339]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 7890, 0.42879499]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 7890, 5.04068858]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 7890, 0.00066138]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 7890, 5.62397047]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 7890, 1278.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 119, 0.0], [119, 447, 1.0], [447, 1075, 1.0], [1075, 1175, 1.0], [1175, 1342, 1.0], [1342, 1365, 1.0], [1365, 1721, 1.0], [1721, 1839, 1.0], [1839, 1871, 0.0], [1871, 2150, 1.0], [2150, 2317, 1.0], [2317, 2578, 1.0], [2578, 2948, 1.0], [2948, 2998, 1.0], [2998, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3180, 1.0], [3180, 3453, 1.0], [3453, 3748, 1.0], [3748, 3772, 1.0], [3772, 3938, 1.0], [3938, 4210, 1.0], [4210, 4313, 1.0], [4313, 4403, 1.0], [4403, 4426, 0.0], [4426, 4498, 1.0], [4498, 5064, 1.0], [5064, 5604, 1.0], [5604, 5626, 0.0], [5626, 5852, 1.0], [5852, 6325, 1.0], [6325, 6615, 1.0], [6615, 6907, 1.0], [6907, 7303, 1.0], [7303, 7481, 0.0], [7481, 7506, 0.0], [7506, 7587, 0.0], [7587, 7681, 1.0], [7681, 7738, 1.0], [7738, 7830, 0.0], [7830, 7890, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 119, 0.0], [119, 447, 0.0], [447, 1075, 0.0], [1075, 1175, 0.0], [1175, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1365, 0.0], [1365, 1721, 0.0], [1721, 1839, 0.0], [1839, 1871, 0.0], [1871, 2150, 0.0], [2150, 2317, 0.0], [2317, 2578, 0.0], [2578, 2948, 0.0], [2948, 2998, 0.0], [2998, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3180, 0.0], [3180, 3453, 0.0], [3453, 3748, 0.0], [3748, 3772, 0.0], [3772, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 4210, 0.0], [4210, 4313, 0.0], [4313, 4403, 0.0], [4403, 4426, 0.0], [4426, 4498, 0.0], [4498, 5064, 0.0], [5064, 5604, 0.0], [5604, 5626, 0.0], [5626, 5852, 0.0], [5852, 6325, 0.0], [6325, 6615, 0.0], [6615, 6907, 0.0], [6907, 7303, 0.0], [7303, 7481, 0.0], [7481, 7506, 0.0], [7506, 7587, 0.0], [7587, 7681, 0.0], [7681, 7738, 0.0], [7738, 7830, 0.0], [7830, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 68, 11.0], [68, 119, 1.0], [119, 447, 54.0], [447, 1075, 118.0], [1075, 1175, 18.0], [1175, 1342, 31.0], [1342, 1365, 3.0], [1365, 1721, 66.0], [1721, 1839, 17.0], [1839, 1871, 4.0], [1871, 2150, 43.0], [2150, 2317, 23.0], [2317, 2578, 39.0], [2578, 2948, 53.0], [2948, 2998, 9.0], [2998, 3026, 3.0], [3026, 3180, 25.0], [3180, 3453, 43.0], [3453, 3748, 46.0], [3748, 3772, 4.0], [3772, 3938, 28.0], [3938, 4210, 37.0], [4210, 4313, 14.0], [4313, 4403, 15.0], [4403, 4426, 4.0], [4426, 4498, 12.0], [4498, 5064, 96.0], [5064, 5604, 80.0], [5604, 5626, 3.0], [5626, 5852, 41.0], [5852, 6325, 73.0], [6325, 6615, 48.0], [6615, 6907, 55.0], [6907, 7303, 68.0], [7303, 7481, 22.0], [7481, 7506, 4.0], [7506, 7587, 15.0], [7587, 7681, 17.0], [7681, 7738, 7.0], [7738, 7830, 19.0], [7830, 7890, 9.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 119, 0.25641026], [119, 447, 0.0], [447, 1075, 0.0], [1075, 1175, 0.0], [1175, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1365, 0.0], [1365, 1721, 0.0], [1721, 1839, 0.0], [1839, 1871, 0.0], [1871, 2150, 0.0], [2150, 2317, 0.0], [2317, 2578, 0.0], [2578, 2948, 0.0], [2948, 2998, 0.0], [2998, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3180, 0.01973684], [3180, 3453, 0.0], [3453, 3748, 0.00689655], [3748, 3772, 0.0], [3772, 3938, 0.03773585], [3938, 4210, 0.0], [4210, 4313, 0.0], [4313, 4403, 0.0], [4403, 4426, 0.0], [4426, 4498, 0.0], [4498, 5064, 0.0], [5064, 5604, 0.0], [5604, 5626, 0.0], [5626, 5852, 0.00896861], [5852, 6325, 0.0], [6325, 6615, 0.0], [6615, 6907, 0.0], [6907, 7303, 0.0], [7303, 7481, 0.00606061], [7481, 7506, 0.15789474], [7506, 7587, 0.0], [7587, 7681, 0.0], [7681, 7738, 0.0], [7738, 7830, 0.0], [7830, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 119, 0.0], [119, 447, 0.0], [447, 1075, 0.0], [1075, 1175, 0.0], [1175, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1365, 0.0], [1365, 1721, 0.0], [1721, 1839, 0.0], [1839, 1871, 0.0], [1871, 2150, 0.0], [2150, 2317, 0.0], [2317, 2578, 0.0], [2578, 2948, 0.0], [2948, 2998, 0.0], [2998, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3180, 0.0], [3180, 3453, 0.0], [3453, 3748, 0.0], [3748, 3772, 0.0], [3772, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 4210, 0.0], [4210, 4313, 0.0], [4313, 4403, 0.0], [4403, 4426, 0.0], [4426, 4498, 0.0], [4498, 5064, 0.0], [5064, 5604, 0.0], [5604, 5626, 0.0], [5626, 5852, 0.0], [5852, 6325, 0.0], [6325, 6615, 0.0], [6615, 6907, 0.0], [6907, 7303, 0.0], [7303, 7481, 0.0], [7481, 7506, 0.0], [7506, 7587, 0.0], [7587, 7681, 0.0], [7681, 7738, 0.0], [7738, 7830, 0.0], [7830, 7890, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 68, 0.14705882], [68, 119, 0.0], [119, 447, 0.0304878], [447, 1075, 0.01751592], [1075, 1175, 0.03], [1175, 1342, 0.01197605], [1342, 1365, 0.04347826], [1365, 1721, 0.00842697], [1721, 1839, 0.01694915], [1839, 1871, 0.03125], [1871, 2150, 0.00716846], [2150, 2317, 0.01197605], [2317, 2578, 0.00383142], [2578, 2948, 0.00540541], [2948, 2998, 0.02], [2998, 3026, 0.03571429], [3026, 3180, 0.00649351], [3180, 3453, 0.01831502], [3453, 3748, 0.00677966], [3748, 3772, 0.04166667], [3772, 3938, 0.01204819], [3938, 4210, 0.00735294], [4210, 4313, 0.00970874], [4313, 4403, 0.02222222], [4403, 4426, 0.04347826], [4426, 4498, 0.01388889], [4498, 5064, 0.01590106], [5064, 5604, 0.00555556], [5604, 5626, 0.04545455], [5626, 5852, 0.00442478], [5852, 6325, 0.03805497], [6325, 6615, 0.02413793], [6615, 6907, 0.01712329], [6907, 7303, 0.00757576], [7303, 7481, 0.02808989], [7481, 7506, 0.0], [7506, 7587, 0.14814815], [7587, 7681, 0.13829787], [7681, 7738, 0.10526316], [7738, 7830, 0.14130435], [7830, 7890, 0.15]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 7890, 0.49250817]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 7890, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 7890, 0.22402906]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 7890, -238.83555186]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 7890, 120.38206879]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 7890, -388.03261067]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 7890, 63.0]]} |
Xcel Energy
320 Heller Road Menomonie WI 54751
Xcel Energy is a U.S. investor-owned electricity and natural gas company with regulated operations in eight Midwestern and Western states. Northern States Power Company-Wisconsin is one of four wholly owned operating companies of Xcel Energy and provides electricity and natural gas to customers in Wisconsin and Michigan. We are the No. 1 renewable energy provider in the state. With 19 hydroelectric plants, including two on the Red Cedar River, as well as nuclear, biomass, wind and solar as part of the Upper Midwest energy mix, about 55 percent of the electricity the company produces comes from carbon-free resources. And we are on a path to add more wind, solar and natural and retire aging coal plants, resulting in a 63 percent carbon-free resource mix by 2030. Headquartered in Eau Claire, Wis., NSPW serves more than 260,000 electricity customers and 110,000 natural gas customers in western and northern Wisconsin and a portion of Michigan?s Upper Peninsula. Learn more at xcelenergy.com | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1907 | {"url": "https://business.menomoniechamber.org/list/member/xcel-energy-1415", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "business.menomoniechamber.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:51:36Z", "digest": "sha1:RWO2YXRV24KBLVDS4BQVRJTRKPJIVNPE"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1046, 1046.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1046, 3493.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1046, 3.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1046, 139.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1046, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1046, 151.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1046, 0.30693069]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1046, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1046, 0.03516999]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1046, 0.04923798]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1046, 0.05627198]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1046, 0.01980198]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1046, 0.18316832]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1046, 0.60479042]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1046, 5.10778443]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1046, 4.36660227]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1046, 167.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 47, 0.0], [47, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 47, 0.0], [47, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 12, 2.0], [12, 47, 6.0], [47, 1046, 159.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 47, 0.23529412], [47, 1046, 0.02366255]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 47, 0.0], [47, 1046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 12, 0.16666667], [12, 47, 0.14285714], [47, 1046, 0.03703704]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1046, 0.82292831]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1046, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1046, 0.13100529]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1046, -69.28359116]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1046, -1.89235255]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1046, -1.37999181]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1046, 13.0]]} |
Butterfield Overland Mail Route
The first transcontinental mail system
Proposal for Overland Mail Delivery
Establishing the Route
First Running of the Stage
Memphis to Fort Smith
Demise of the Southern Route
Posted on June 24, 2015 February 10, 2020 by besonst
Major management changes came in 1860. Wells Fargo & Co., which had loaned John Butterfield capital for starting the route, took over operations and forced Butterfield out. At the same time, the Pony Express began running mail across the Great Plains on a more direct, though riskier, route mostly following the old Overland and Mormon trails.
In 1861, the advent of the Civil War forced Wells Fargo to end Butterfield service across the southern route. In March 1861, as southern states began seceding, Congress called for the overland mail operations to be moved to north.
Wells Fargo moved all of its stock and coaches north, running its last stage along the Oxbow route on March 21 with full services ending in June as skirmishes and battles began taking place near the route through southern Missouri. The Battle of Wilson’s Creek, the first major battle west of the Mississippi, occurred on Aug. 10, 1861, directly on the Butterfield route, just southwest of Springfield, Missouri.
To confuse matters, an overland stage company with no connection to the earlier Overland Mail Company, began operating between Atchison, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, in 1865 that was named the Butterfield Overland Despatch. It was opened along the Smokey Hill River by David Butterfield, who had no relation to John Butterfield.
A stagecoach can be seen, left, in front of the Denver Butterfield Overland Despatch office at far left in this Harper’s Weekly illustration from 1866.
On the main mail route, though, Wells Fargo held the contract for the western half of the route while Ben Holladay held the contract for the eastern end. The rates for Holladay’s company — Holladay Overland and Express Co. — were exorbitant compared to what Wells Fargo had been charging, and the two companies did not mesh well. In 1866, Holladay bought out the Butterfield Overland Despatch, and Wells Fargo bought out Holladay and operated the through route until the transcontinental railroad was finished in 1869.
Posted in History
Memphis to Fort Smith Operations
Forts on and near the Route
The First Running of the Stage | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1908 | {"url": "https://butterfieldoverlandstage.com/2015/06/24/demise-of-the-southern-route/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "butterfieldoverlandstage.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:27:21Z", "digest": "sha1:2IVE6IHET6VGP6UBGWAP5FJ3DJPR3C5G"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2359, 2359.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2359, 3683.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2359, 18.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2359, 95.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2359, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2359, 302.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2359, 0.34018265]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2359, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2359, 0.04465213]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2359, 0.01817238]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2359, 0.04205607]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2359, 0.01765317]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2359, 0.00228311]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2359, 0.15068493]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2359, 0.48571429]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2359, 5.0025974]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2359, 4.73150801]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2359, 385.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 32, 0.0], [32, 71, 0.0], [71, 107, 0.0], [107, 130, 0.0], [130, 157, 0.0], [157, 179, 0.0], [179, 208, 0.0], [208, 261, 0.0], [261, 605, 1.0], [605, 836, 1.0], [836, 1249, 1.0], [1249, 1579, 1.0], [1579, 1731, 1.0], [1731, 2250, 1.0], [2250, 2268, 0.0], [2268, 2301, 0.0], [2301, 2329, 0.0], [2329, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 32, 0.0], [32, 71, 0.0], [71, 107, 0.0], [107, 130, 0.0], [130, 157, 0.0], [157, 179, 0.0], [179, 208, 0.0], [208, 261, 0.0], [261, 605, 0.0], [605, 836, 0.0], [836, 1249, 0.0], [1249, 1579, 0.0], [1579, 1731, 0.0], [1731, 2250, 0.0], [2250, 2268, 0.0], [2268, 2301, 0.0], [2301, 2329, 0.0], [2329, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 32, 4.0], [32, 71, 5.0], [71, 107, 5.0], [107, 130, 3.0], [130, 157, 5.0], [157, 179, 4.0], [179, 208, 5.0], [208, 261, 10.0], [261, 605, 55.0], [605, 836, 39.0], [836, 1249, 68.0], [1249, 1579, 51.0], [1579, 1731, 25.0], [1731, 2250, 86.0], [2250, 2268, 3.0], [2268, 2301, 5.0], [2301, 2329, 6.0], [2329, 2359, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 32, 0.0], [32, 71, 0.0], [71, 107, 0.0], [107, 130, 0.0], [130, 157, 0.0], [157, 179, 0.0], [179, 208, 0.0], [208, 261, 0.24], [261, 605, 0.01204819], [605, 836, 0.03555556], [836, 1249, 0.0199005], [1249, 1579, 0.0125], [1579, 1731, 0.02702703], [1731, 2250, 0.01571709], [2250, 2268, 0.0], [2268, 2301, 0.0], [2301, 2329, 0.0], [2329, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 32, 0.0], [32, 71, 0.0], [71, 107, 0.0], [107, 130, 0.0], [130, 157, 0.0], [157, 179, 0.0], [179, 208, 0.0], [208, 261, 0.0], [261, 605, 0.0], [605, 836, 0.0], [836, 1249, 0.0], [1249, 1579, 0.0], [1579, 1731, 0.0], [1731, 2250, 0.0], [2250, 2268, 0.0], [2268, 2301, 0.0], [2301, 2329, 0.0], [2329, 2359, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 32, 0.125], [32, 71, 0.02564103], [71, 107, 0.11111111], [107, 130, 0.08695652], [130, 157, 0.11111111], [157, 179, 0.13636364], [179, 208, 0.10344828], [208, 261, 0.05660377], [261, 605, 0.04069767], [605, 836, 0.03896104], [836, 1249, 0.03631961], [1249, 1579, 0.05757576], [1579, 1731, 0.04605263], [1731, 2250, 0.04046243], [2250, 2268, 0.11111111], [2268, 2301, 0.12121212], [2301, 2329, 0.07142857], [2329, 2359, 0.13333333]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2359, 0.40414685]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2359, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2359, 0.54077637]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2359, -23.91834368]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2359, 29.53895547]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2359, 68.0246447]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2359, 17.0]]} |
Please respond to the following: Examine the role of Customer
Please respond to the following:
Examine the role of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in business. Determine how CRM systems can play a critical role in managing value chains.
How does LaRosa’s Pizzeria use this technology in order to improve the supply chain and value chain operations? Determine the ways this technology has helped to deliver quality to the customer. Assess the challenges that LaRosa’s Pizzeria might face when trying to implement these types of technologies. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1909 | {"url": "https://buyaffordableessays.com/2022/07/19/please-respond-to-the-following-examine-the-role-of-customer/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "buyaffordableessays.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:45:40Z", "digest": "sha1:6FZQQ4SPRDZ34OKEWWT4K7IDFQEJRNUM"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 547, 547.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 547, 1783.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 547, 4.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 547, 64.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 547, 0.9]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 547, 282.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 547, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 547, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 547, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 547, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 547, 0.40816327]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 547, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 547, 0.2246696]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 547, 0.2246696]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 547, 0.2246696]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 547, 0.2246696]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 547, 0.2246696]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 547, 0.2246696]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 547, 0.03303965]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 547, 0.0660793]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 547, 0.07929515]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 547, 0.02040816]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 547, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 547, 0.1122449]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 547, 0.61176471]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 547, 5.34117647]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 547, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 547, 3.75334228]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 547, 85.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 62, 0.0], [62, 95, 0.0], [95, 244, 1.0], [244, 547, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 62, 0.0], [62, 95, 0.0], [95, 244, 0.0], [244, 547, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 62, 10.0], [62, 95, 5.0], [95, 244, 23.0], [244, 547, 47.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 62, 0.0], [62, 95, 0.0], [95, 244, 0.0], [244, 547, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 62, 0.0], [62, 95, 0.0], [95, 244, 0.0], [244, 547, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 62, 0.0483871], [62, 95, 0.03030303], [95, 244, 0.0738255], [244, 547, 0.02970297]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 547, 0.00453186]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 547, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 547, 0.00154847]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 547, -42.95272691]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 547, -0.21606787]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 547, -21.60041962]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 547, 5.0]]} |
Home/Magazine Archive/May 1967 (Vol. 10, No. 5)/Parallel numerical methods for the solution of equations/Abstract
Parallel numerical methods for the solution of equations
By G. S. Shedler
Communications of the ACM, May 1967, Vol. 10 No. 5, Pages 286-291 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1910 | {"url": "https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/1967/5/12944-parallel-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-equations/abstract", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cacm.acm.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:41:09Z", "digest": "sha1:3WZ6UD5YKTZREHKH4BPXHBHE77QGZUMQ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 253, 253.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 253, 2694.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 253, 4.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 253, 77.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 253, 0.75]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 253, 130.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 253, 0.13559322]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 253, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 253, 0.32160804]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 253, 0.32160804]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 253, 0.07035176]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 253, 0.09045226]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 253, 0.11055276]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 253, 0.05084746]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 253, 0.40677966]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 253, 0.68421053]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 253, 5.23684211]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 253, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 253, 3.17226962]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 253, 38.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 114, 0.0], [114, 171, 0.0], [171, 188, 0.0], [188, 253, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 114, 0.0], [114, 171, 0.0], [171, 188, 0.0], [188, 253, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 114, 14.0], [114, 171, 8.0], [171, 188, 4.0], [188, 253, 12.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 114, 0.06730769], [114, 171, 0.0], [171, 188, 0.0], [188, 253, 0.22033898]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 114, 0.0], [114, 171, 0.0], [171, 188, 0.0], [188, 253, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 114, 0.07017544], [114, 171, 0.01754386], [171, 188, 0.23529412], [188, 253, 0.12307692]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 253, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 253, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 253, -1.31e-06]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 253, -37.82114461]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 253, -17.04534818]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 253, -4.30143004]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 253, 7.0]]} |
Four Reasons I Wrote The Resiliency Effect
by Cady North | Dec 10, 2020 | Book
I felt compelled to write my book for a few reasons.
First, I’m a financial advisor in my day job as Founder and CEO of North Financial Advisors. I speak with hundreds of people each year about their hopes and dreams along with their finances. What I hear most often is that people desire to live their lives differently, more in sync with their purpose or dreams or simply to have more balance and happiness in life. We all can name these big dreams or big changes we want for ourselves. Yet, the vast majority of us aren’t living them. Why is that?
I wanted to find out the answer, and that’s exactly what I asked when I interviewed and profiled more than 50 people for the book.
I, too, had a dream that had long been put on hold — to work with people one-on-one with their finances.
A story I tell in the opening chapters of my book is how this dream of mine languished for about 8 years. I was too busy, too focused on the wrong things and too caught up in what other people thought of me and what I “was supposed” to be doing. My self worth was tied to my accomplishments, achievements, and full calendar. This all dates back to how I grew up and the experiences and adversities I experienced as a child and young adult.
I often found myself burned out, but then quickly wondering, “what’s next?” I easily moved on to the next thing rather than doing the inner work necessary to get at my biggest dreams.
I bet you can relate, as I’ve heard so many stories at this point, it almost feels like a ubiquitous human condition. At it’s core, this book explores ways which people have overcome these kinds of adversities to live their biggest dreams. It gives you the “how” related to your mindset and inner journey. Then, the taking action part is up to you.
Second, there’s truly a limit to the number of people I can work with one-on-one. I only take on a few new clients each year to my financial planning practice. While I’m able to help coach clients to do some of their deep inner work to not only discover their big dreams, but start living them, the collective dent I’m able to make is quite small. My hope is that offering a book will be a way for many more people to be inspired to start living their big dreams.
Third, I think more people should be business owners and starting a business is one big dream that many people have. The problem is there’s this assumption that being a business owner is hard, draining, and a hustle. Yes, there are challenges, but when done right, being a business owner is a great way to get more freedom back into your life. My book challenges many of the assumptions about business ownership. Dozens of the people I interviewed or profiled in the book have their own business and it was great getting their thoughts on “lessons learned” to incorporate best practices in my book. While my book isn’t about “how to start a business,” it’s more about how to get yourself and your mind in the right place to explore what’s possible and create something that will be sustainable in the long-run.
Finally, I wrote this book for me. It’s not easy to work through the inner stuff as much as we focus on our outer accomplishments and achievements. About 6 months before writing this book, I was looking at my own charitable giving strategy and looking for national trauma-informed non profits doing work to expand people’s knowledge about many of the topics I explore in my book. It didn’t exist. The closest thing I could find is ACESAware.org and that’s mainly a California organization. That told me that we need more awareness first – Part 1 of my book dives deep into how adversities and trauma we (or our families) experienced can be holding us back in ways we’re not even aware of.
What I discovered on my author journey was that there is power in vulnerability. As humans we learn so much through story telling and relating to others, far more than when we memorize facts and figures. While it’s scary to share so much of my story and my past along side all the people I interviewed, developing the courage to do so has changed me for the better.
Do You Want to Write a Book?
There’s a whole host of reasons I think everyone should consider writing a book. First, it’s a fantastic way to organize all your thoughts about a topic and dive deep. The best way to learn is honestly to write or teach about it. It forces you to fully understand both the big picture and the micro details, filter out what’s most important and then share it back to people in a way they can relate. That’s powerful.
Whether you’re a business owner, employee, manager or aspiring to any one of those things, a book can be a great way to develop a higher level of credibility. It’s much easier to earn media appearances, speaking gigs, and business referrals as an author. Having a book on someone’s shelf is much more memorable than a business card. It can be a door opener to creating new connections and opportunities. It’s so much easier to explain, “What do you do?” when you wrote a book on it.
There’s also a fair amount of self-discovery that comes along with writing a book. It can help you answer your “why,” it can help you make an impact, it can help you get comfortable with uncomfortable stuff. I thought writing a book would be a very lonely process, something I did on my own. But as it turns out I joined an author community, had a ton of help, and during a global pandemic managed to expand my network and my reach.
Beware…the minute you start thinking about stretching yourself to do something like this, your brain might say, “Wait a minute! That sounds scary / risky / painful, isn’t there something else you should be doing?
I urge you to instead do one small thing to explore this dream or any other dreams you have. Can you spend 10 minutes researching, writing or talking to a friend about it instead of immediately shutting down the idea?
What’s your big dream? What’s one thing you can do to make tiny, incremental progress on it?
On My Way To Wealth Podcast Features Cady North
by Cady North | Nov 30, 2020 | Book
Cady North was interviewed by Luis Rosa, CFP®, EA for the On My Way To Wealth podcast. We dug into the status quo bias, limiting beliefs and updates about my book, The Resiliency Effect. Give it a listen! Here’s the episode.
3 Tips for Building Resilience
by Cady North | Nov 6, 2020 | Book
In a year like 2020 all of us could use a bit more resilience. The good news is, resilience can be learned.
In my book, The Resiliency Effect, I take you through the journeys of more than 50 people, the vast majority women, including those from the LGBTQ+ community, black people and other people of color. The common denominator of the women I profiled was that they made a big change to live a life more in sync with their purpose and passions. They had untapped potential and found the courage to harness their creativity, their values, and a vision for creating a better community around them.
Here are three tips from my research on resilience.
Self Reflection is Powerful
Most of the people I profiled experienced a period of burnout prior to making a big change in their life. Burnout is an epidemic in this country. A 2015 Deloitte study discovered that 77% of respondents experienced burnout in their current position — feelings of energy depletion, negativity or cynicism about work, and/or reduced personal and professional capacity.
There are many ways in which we can combat burnout in our own lives. For instance, I chose to stop using “to-do” lists. But one good thing about getting to a low place like experiencing burnout is that it can lead to a lot of self reflection. Self reflection was a catalyst used by many of the people profiled in my book to start living the life they were meant to.
This is an partial excerpt from a self-reflection workbook found in Chapter 1 of the book:
How have you tied your self-worth to your achievements?
Think back to the times right before burnout? Did you ever have self-doubt or a strong need to “prove yourself?”
What does filling up your life with to-do lists and achievements mean you DON’T have time for?
Find the courage to go back to look at experiences and adversities you’ve had in your life and consider what coping mechanisms and limiting beliefs you developed that may be hindering you today. When I went through this process for myself, I found that I was able to unlock a life that is no longer a series of fires, to-do lists, or emergencies that needed to be addressed. Instead, my life is filled with the things I’m passionate about.
Success Catalysts Exist
One major success catalyst described by a lot of the people I interviewed was the recognition that working harder, faster or smarter isn’t the answer. Instead it’s about unlearning behaviors and coping mechanisms which have in the past kept us feeling safe, but in the present no longer serve us well. The challenge lies in doing the deep work that will give you the energy to not just say what your biggest dreams are, but to take action on them.
Some examples of unlearning from interviews I had yielded the following:
New Knowledge Doesn’t Always Lead to Better Performance
Tennis star Serena Williams learned this lesson well. 8 years ago she experienced a number of setbacks and lost a number of pivotal matches. She attributes her turnaround to unlearning a lot of old behaviors. She got a new coach so she could work from a clean slate tweaking her practice techniques and grew into the world renowned player we know today.
You Don’t Have to Do It Alone
Building a team of friends, supporters, and even professional help is a major success catalyst. Many of the women I spoke to mentioned key support such as mentors who helped them discover their true potential. Others reflected on a failed business launch and credited not finding help sooner as their biggest regret.
You Can Reframe the Idea of Security to Create More Freedom
Some of us fear making a change because it feels unsafe or insecure. Sometimes we have to let go of that fear. Those who do may find that they can create a new path / life / career choice that brings them more freedom and flexibility.
Let go of Perfection and Overachievement
A big thing we could all stand to unlearn is our perfectionist and overfunctioning behaviors. Sometimes the only thing standing in our way from living our best life is ourselves. If we believe we have to be near perfect before we’re worthy or capable of doing something scary, we’ll be waiting a long time.
One solution to this kind of perfectionism found from my research is that learning to be ok with vulnerability — with ourselves and with others — and learning to be ok with discomfort is important.
The way we grew up and coped with adversity in our lives is a well-worn path that feels comfortable despite the dysfunction. The nature of our experiences means that it’s easy for us to stay stuck simply because it’s what we know and are familiar with. To begin to change and think bigger, temporarily you have to learn to be ok with being uncomfortable. Being vulnerable with others is part of the solution because the more you can name your feelings, the less power they have.
But there’s another value too – being vulnerable can put us in touch with our tribe, our people, our support network. Being vulnerable creates connection. Yet, we’re often too scared to get vulnerable for fear of not fitting in.
Writer and entrepreneur, Nilofer Merchant knows this very well. On her long-running blog, she allows herself to get vulnerable about many challenging events she faced growing up: from experiencing her parent’s divorce at a young age, abuse from her mother, bullying at school, and a rape in her 20s, and ties them to pieces of wisdom, life and business lessons.
Merchant’s life stories are inspiring, and I’m sure she gets a lot out of processing her traumas through writing. But this is the part I love most: Her vulnerable blogging led her to get syndicated by the Harvard Business Review, which eventually led to several book deals. These days, she serves on corporate boards and writes about the concept of, “Onlyness,” the topic of her 2017 book.
In a way it brings together all she’s learned through her experiences, both the positive and negative, business and personal, to better the world. I don’t think utilizing vulnerability to work through traumas and coping mechanisms has to be done in a public way, however, that method clearly has worked for Merchant.
What are some ways you could explore getting comfortable with vulnerability?
When will you put these skills into practice?
Who could you share some of your ideas with?
Hopefully some of these tips resonate with you as they have with me. I wish you luck and support on your own inner journey.
More about The Resiliency Effect: In the first part of the book, we examine the root causes of imposter syndrome, which is often a catalyst for overwork and burnout. Then we look at the health impacts and high probabilities that people who deal with imposter syndrome and burnout also deal with trauma.
We also examine how the cycle of trauma, as well as the health effects of adversity are passed down within families. Finally, we look at the latest research-backed techniques for creating lasting resiliency that let you move on from surviving into thriving in your greatest life. Collectively, I refer to this deep work as the “inner journey.”
Hi, I’m Cady
I write about money, mindset, behavior, mental health, and work culture. In my private client work, I help women act on their biggest dreams and build resilience for the future.
What Do You Need to Unlearn to Be Successful?
Great Resignation or Burnout Epidemic?
Goodreads Ebook Giveaway
Cady North Featured on the Female Founders Network Podcast
Access a Free Preview of The Resiliency Effect Audiobook | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1911 | {"url": "https://cadynorth.com/tag/resilience/page/2", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cadynorth.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:53:16Z", "digest": "sha1:URMWMMUUI4E7L5ELC7M6BM4ES4AG74XO"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 13911, 13911.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 13911, 14185.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 13911, 66.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 13911, 76.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 13911, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 13911, 319.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 13911, 1.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 13911, 0.46396396]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 13911, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 13911, 0.02420656]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 13911, 0.00860678]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 13911, 0.00537924]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 13911, 0.00851712]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 13911, 0.00322754]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 13911, 0.02182952]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 13911, 0.12716563]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 13911, 0.32861762]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 13911, 4.50848828]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 13911, 0.0003465]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 13911, 5.8112692]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 13911, 2474.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 43, 0.0], [43, 79, 0.0], [79, 132, 1.0], [132, 630, 1.0], [630, 761, 1.0], [761, 866, 1.0], [866, 1306, 1.0], [1306, 1490, 1.0], [1490, 1839, 1.0], [1839, 2303, 1.0], [2303, 3114, 1.0], [3114, 3803, 1.0], [3803, 4169, 1.0], [4169, 4198, 1.0], [4198, 4615, 1.0], [4615, 5098, 1.0], [5098, 5531, 1.0], [5531, 5744, 1.0], [5744, 5962, 1.0], [5962, 6055, 1.0], [6055, 6103, 0.0], [6103, 6139, 0.0], [6139, 6364, 1.0], [6364, 6395, 0.0], [6395, 6430, 0.0], [6430, 6538, 1.0], [6538, 7028, 1.0], [7028, 7080, 1.0], [7080, 7108, 0.0], [7108, 7475, 1.0], [7475, 7841, 1.0], [7841, 7932, 0.0], [7932, 7988, 1.0], [7988, 8101, 1.0], [8101, 8196, 1.0], [8196, 8636, 1.0], [8636, 8660, 0.0], [8660, 9108, 1.0], [9108, 9181, 0.0], [9181, 9237, 0.0], [9237, 9591, 1.0], [9591, 9621, 0.0], [9621, 9938, 1.0], [9938, 9998, 0.0], [9998, 10233, 1.0], [10233, 10274, 0.0], [10274, 10581, 1.0], [10581, 10779, 1.0], [10779, 11258, 1.0], [11258, 11487, 1.0], [11487, 11849, 1.0], [11849, 12239, 1.0], [12239, 12556, 1.0], [12556, 12633, 1.0], [12633, 12679, 1.0], [12679, 12724, 1.0], [12724, 12848, 1.0], [12848, 13151, 1.0], [13151, 13495, 1.0], [13495, 13508, 0.0], [13508, 13686, 1.0], [13686, 13732, 1.0], [13732, 13771, 1.0], [13771, 13796, 0.0], [13796, 13855, 0.0], [13855, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 43, 0.0], [43, 79, 0.0], [79, 132, 0.0], [132, 630, 0.0], [630, 761, 0.0], [761, 866, 0.0], [866, 1306, 0.0], [1306, 1490, 0.0], [1490, 1839, 0.0], [1839, 2303, 0.0], [2303, 3114, 0.0], [3114, 3803, 0.0], [3803, 4169, 0.0], [4169, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4615, 0.0], [4615, 5098, 0.0], [5098, 5531, 0.0], [5531, 5744, 0.0], [5744, 5962, 0.0], [5962, 6055, 0.0], [6055, 6103, 0.0], [6103, 6139, 0.0], [6139, 6364, 0.0], [6364, 6395, 0.0], [6395, 6430, 0.0], [6430, 6538, 0.0], [6538, 7028, 0.0], [7028, 7080, 0.0], [7080, 7108, 0.0], [7108, 7475, 0.0], [7475, 7841, 0.0], [7841, 7932, 0.0], [7932, 7988, 0.0], [7988, 8101, 0.0], [8101, 8196, 0.0], [8196, 8636, 0.0], [8636, 8660, 0.0], [8660, 9108, 0.0], [9108, 9181, 0.0], [9181, 9237, 0.0], [9237, 9591, 0.0], [9591, 9621, 0.0], [9621, 9938, 0.0], [9938, 9998, 0.0], [9998, 10233, 0.0], [10233, 10274, 0.0], [10274, 10581, 0.0], [10581, 10779, 0.0], [10779, 11258, 0.0], [11258, 11487, 0.0], [11487, 11849, 0.0], [11849, 12239, 0.0], [12239, 12556, 0.0], [12556, 12633, 0.0], [12633, 12679, 0.0], [12679, 12724, 0.0], [12724, 12848, 0.0], [12848, 13151, 0.0], [13151, 13495, 0.0], [13495, 13508, 0.0], [13508, 13686, 0.0], [13686, 13732, 0.0], [13732, 13771, 0.0], [13771, 13796, 0.0], [13796, 13855, 0.0], [13855, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 43, 7.0], [43, 79, 7.0], [79, 132, 11.0], [132, 630, 92.0], [630, 761, 25.0], [761, 866, 21.0], [866, 1306, 85.0], [1306, 1490, 33.0], [1490, 1839, 63.0], [1839, 2303, 90.0], [2303, 3114, 142.0], [3114, 3803, 122.0], [3803, 4169, 68.0], [4169, 4198, 7.0], [4198, 4615, 77.0], [4615, 5098, 87.0], [5098, 5531, 82.0], [5531, 5744, 33.0], [5744, 5962, 40.0], [5962, 6055, 17.0], [6055, 6103, 9.0], [6103, 6139, 7.0], [6139, 6364, 41.0], [6364, 6395, 5.0], [6395, 6430, 7.0], [6430, 6538, 22.0], [6538, 7028, 85.0], [7028, 7080, 9.0], [7080, 7108, 4.0], [7108, 7475, 58.0], [7475, 7841, 71.0], [7841, 7932, 16.0], [7932, 7988, 9.0], [7988, 8101, 20.0], [8101, 8196, 17.0], [8196, 8636, 79.0], [8636, 8660, 3.0], [8660, 9108, 80.0], [9108, 9181, 11.0], [9181, 9237, 8.0], [9237, 9591, 62.0], [9591, 9621, 7.0], [9621, 9938, 52.0], [9938, 9998, 11.0], [9998, 10233, 44.0], [10233, 10274, 6.0], [10274, 10581, 54.0], [10581, 10779, 35.0], [10779, 11258, 86.0], [11258, 11487, 39.0], [11487, 11849, 60.0], [11849, 12239, 67.0], [12239, 12556, 52.0], [12556, 12633, 11.0], [12633, 12679, 8.0], [12679, 12724, 9.0], [12724, 12848, 24.0], [12848, 13151, 52.0], [13151, 13495, 57.0], [13495, 13508, 3.0], [13508, 13686, 30.0], [13686, 13732, 9.0], [13732, 13771, 5.0], [13771, 13796, 3.0], [13796, 13855, 9.0], [13855, 13911, 9.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 43, 0.0], [43, 79, 0.2], [79, 132, 0.0], [132, 630, 0.0], [630, 761, 0.015625], [761, 866, 0.0], [866, 1306, 0.00231481], [1306, 1490, 0.0], [1490, 1839, 0.0], [1839, 2303, 0.0], [2303, 3114, 0.0], [3114, 3803, 0.00295858], [3803, 4169, 0.0], [4169, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4615, 0.0], [4615, 5098, 0.0], [5098, 5531, 0.0], [5531, 5744, 0.0], [5744, 5962, 0.00934579], [5962, 6055, 0.0], [6055, 6103, 0.0], [6103, 6139, 0.2], [6139, 6364, 0.0], [6364, 6395, 0.03333333], [6395, 6430, 0.17241379], [6430, 6538, 0.03846154], [6538, 7028, 0.0041841], [7028, 7080, 0.0], [7080, 7108, 0.0], [7108, 7475, 0.01671309], [7475, 7841, 0.0], [7841, 7932, 0.01136364], [7932, 7988, 0.0], [7988, 8101, 0.0], [8101, 8196, 0.0], [8196, 8636, 0.0], [8636, 8660, 0.0], [8660, 9108, 0.0], [9108, 9181, 0.0], [9181, 9237, 0.0], [9237, 9591, 0.00286533], [9591, 9621, 0.0], [9621, 9938, 0.0], [9938, 9998, 0.0], [9998, 10233, 0.0], [10233, 10274, 0.0], [10274, 10581, 0.0], [10581, 10779, 0.0], [10779, 11258, 0.0], [11258, 11487, 0.0], [11487, 11849, 0.00571429], [11849, 12239, 0.01052632], [12239, 12556, 0.0], [12556, 12633, 0.0], [12633, 12679, 0.0], [12679, 12724, 0.0], [12724, 12848, 0.0], [12848, 13151, 0.0], [13151, 13495, 0.0], [13495, 13508, 0.0], [13508, 13686, 0.0], [13686, 13732, 0.0], [13732, 13771, 0.0], [13771, 13796, 0.0], [13796, 13855, 0.0], [13855, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 43, 0.0], [43, 79, 0.0], [79, 132, 0.0], [132, 630, 0.0], [630, 761, 0.0], [761, 866, 0.0], [866, 1306, 0.0], [1306, 1490, 0.0], [1490, 1839, 0.0], [1839, 2303, 0.0], [2303, 3114, 0.0], [3114, 3803, 0.0], [3803, 4169, 0.0], [4169, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4615, 0.0], [4615, 5098, 0.0], [5098, 5531, 0.0], [5531, 5744, 0.0], [5744, 5962, 0.0], [5962, 6055, 0.0], [6055, 6103, 0.0], [6103, 6139, 0.0], [6139, 6364, 0.0], [6364, 6395, 0.0], [6395, 6430, 0.0], [6430, 6538, 0.0], [6538, 7028, 0.0], [7028, 7080, 0.0], [7080, 7108, 0.0], [7108, 7475, 0.0], [7475, 7841, 0.0], [7841, 7932, 0.0], [7932, 7988, 0.0], [7988, 8101, 0.0], [8101, 8196, 0.0], [8196, 8636, 0.0], [8636, 8660, 0.0], [8660, 9108, 0.0], [9108, 9181, 0.0], [9181, 9237, 0.0], [9237, 9591, 0.0], [9591, 9621, 0.0], [9621, 9938, 0.0], [9938, 9998, 0.0], [9998, 10233, 0.0], [10233, 10274, 0.0], [10274, 10581, 0.0], [10581, 10779, 0.0], [10779, 11258, 0.0], [11258, 11487, 0.0], [11487, 11849, 0.0], [11849, 12239, 0.0], [12239, 12556, 0.0], [12556, 12633, 0.0], [12633, 12679, 0.0], [12679, 12724, 0.0], [12724, 12848, 0.0], [12848, 13151, 0.0], [13151, 13495, 0.0], [13495, 13508, 0.0], [13508, 13686, 0.0], [13686, 13732, 0.0], [13732, 13771, 0.0], [13771, 13796, 0.0], [13796, 13855, 0.0], [13855, 13911, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 43, 0.1627907], [43, 79, 0.11111111], [79, 132, 0.01886792], [132, 630, 0.03012048], [630, 761, 0.02290076], [761, 866, 0.00952381], [866, 1306, 0.01818182], [1306, 1490, 0.01086957], [1490, 1839, 0.01432665], [1839, 2303, 0.01508621], [2303, 3114, 0.00986436], [3114, 3803, 0.02467344], [3803, 4169, 0.0136612], [4169, 4198, 0.17241379], [4198, 4615, 0.01438849], [4615, 5098, 0.01242236], [5098, 5531, 0.01385681], [5531, 5744, 0.01408451], [5744, 5962, 0.00917431], [5962, 6055, 0.02150538], [6055, 6103, 0.1875], [6103, 6139, 0.11111111], [6139, 6364, 0.08888889], [6364, 6395, 0.09677419], [6395, 6430, 0.11428571], [6430, 6538, 0.01851852], [6538, 7028, 0.02653061], [7028, 7080, 0.01923077], [7080, 7108, 0.10714286], [7108, 7475, 0.01362398], [7475, 7841, 0.0136612], [7841, 7932, 0.02197802], [7932, 7988, 0.01785714], [7988, 8101, 0.01769912], [8101, 8196, 0.05263158], [8196, 8636, 0.01590909], [8636, 8660, 0.125], [8660, 9108, 0.00892857], [9108, 9181, 0.02739726], [9181, 9237, 0.125], [9237, 9591, 0.01412429], [9591, 9621, 0.2], [9621, 9938, 0.0126183], [9938, 9998, 0.13333333], [9998, 10233, 0.01276596], [10233, 10274, 0.07317073], [10274, 10581, 0.00977199], [10581, 10779, 0.00505051], [10779, 11258, 0.00835073], [11258, 11487, 0.01310044], [11487, 11849, 0.01104972], [11849, 12239, 0.02564103], [12239, 12556, 0.00946372], [12556, 12633, 0.01298701], [12633, 12679, 0.02173913], [12679, 12724, 0.02222222], [12724, 12848, 0.01612903], [12848, 13151, 0.01980198], [13151, 13495, 0.01162791], [13495, 13508, 0.23076923], [13508, 13686, 0.01685393], [13686, 13732, 0.15217391], [13732, 13771, 0.1025641], [13771, 13796, 0.12], [13796, 13855, 0.11864407], [13855, 13911, 0.125]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 13911, 0.22803366]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 13911, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 13911, 0.16717833]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 13911, -564.01594251]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 13911, 189.62298021]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 13911, -1233.34457609]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 13911, 131.0]]} |
Thomas Chatfield Joins the IASO Board of Directors
International Aviation Services Organization (IASO), the parent association for all the aviation services companies worldwide, has announced that Camber Aviation Management’s CEO and aviation expert, Thomas Chatfield has joined its Board of Director.
“I’m really excited to welcome Thomas to our Board of Advisors. With his 35 years of experience working in the aviation industry all over the globe, I’m confident he will be of significant value to IASO’s constant mission to organize, educate, regulate and improve the aviation services industry worldwide”, stated Mr. Munir Khalifa, IASO founder and the CEO of MIXJET Flight Support.
The International Aviation Services Organization (IASO) is a global nonprofit professional industry forum for airport and aviation service providers. The organisation acts as a parent association for all aviation service companies worldwide, consulting on issues and developing best-practice policies for the entire industry.
Working in close coordination with both ICAO and IATA, the IASO is set to improve understanding of the Aviation Services industry among decision makers and to increase awareness of the benefits that aviation brings to national and global economies. The organisation provides all the necessary support to its members with the goal of advocating for their interest across the globe.
Mr. Chatfield said, “It is an extraordinary honor to join this team of outstanding professionals that make the organisation so important to the overall industry improvement. I’m eager to support IASO, to work closely with other Board Members and I am confident that, together, we will be able to contribute to further development of the aviation industry”. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1912 | {"url": "https://camberaviationmanagement.com/press-releases/thomas-chatfield-joins-the-iaso-board-of-directors/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "camberaviationmanagement.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:05:29Z", "digest": "sha1:GL3RD2IQRXIT6MN2U56PGZH4Z4YAYHUQ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1750, 1750.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1750, 2827.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1750, 6.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1750, 67.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1750, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1750, 257.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1750, 0.37377049]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1750, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1750, 0.0617284]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1750, 0.05486968]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1750, 0.03909465]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1750, 0.05624143]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1750, 0.05245902]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1750, 0.12131148]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1750, 0.53231939]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1750, 5.54372624]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1750, 4.50908917]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1750, 263.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 302, 1.0], [302, 687, 1.0], [687, 1013, 1.0], [1013, 1394, 1.0], [1394, 1750, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 302, 0.0], [302, 687, 0.0], [687, 1013, 0.0], [1013, 1394, 0.0], [1394, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 51, 8.0], [51, 302, 33.0], [302, 687, 62.0], [687, 1013, 43.0], [1013, 1394, 60.0], [1394, 1750, 57.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 302, 0.0], [302, 687, 0.00531915], [687, 1013, 0.0], [1013, 1394, 0.0], [1394, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 302, 0.0], [302, 687, 0.0], [687, 1013, 0.0], [1013, 1394, 0.0], [1394, 1750, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 51, 0.17647059], [51, 302, 0.07171315], [302, 687, 0.07272727], [687, 1013, 0.03067485], [1013, 1394, 0.04199475], [1394, 1750, 0.03089888]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1750, 0.067258]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1750, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1750, 0.42338133]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1750, -88.04776064]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1750, 23.65445644]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1750, -55.87838741]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1750, 11.0]]} |
Comedy @ Campbells w/ David Crowe
August 23, 2018, 7:30PM - 9PM
Join us for a night of laughs as our summer comedy series continues with headlining comedian David Crowe, who has his own one hour comedy special on Showtime called “Crooked Finger”. After winning both the Seattle and San Francisco Comedy Competitions, then performing for a US President the same year, his career took off and has never stopped. On stage Crowe is armed with a “gallery of facial expressions”, a host of accents and a “nerdy charisma that is utterly captivating.”
Buy tickets: https://rottenapplepresents.com/events/comedy-at-campbells-david-crowe/ | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1913 | {"url": "https://campbellsresort.com/event/comedy-campbells-w-david-crowe/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "campbellsresort.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:14:06Z", "digest": "sha1:H3VXRJL62NKCSGKIXIMGM6AGZRNQWTSB"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 628, 628.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 628, 1718.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 628, 4.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 628, 56.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 628, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 628, 306.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 628, 0.31007752]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 628, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 628, 0.03937008]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 628, 0.02325581]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 628, 0.2248062]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 628, 0.76595745]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 628, 5.40425532]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 628, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 628, 4.16077854]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 628, 94.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 64, 0.0], [64, 544, 1.0], [544, 628, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 64, 0.0], [64, 544, 0.0], [544, 628, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 34, 5.0], [34, 64, 5.0], [64, 544, 81.0], [544, 628, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 64, 0.41666667], [64, 544, 0.0], [544, 628, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 64, 0.0], [64, 544, 0.0], [544, 628, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.11764706], [34, 64, 0.16666667], [64, 544, 0.03541667], [544, 628, 0.01190476]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 628, 0.41503787]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 628, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 628, 0.0128659]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 628, -61.63806853]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 628, -3.24822443]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 628, -14.93719777]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 628, 5.0]]} |
Hashomer Hatzair North America Statement on the Attacks in Hawara
Statement from Hashomer Hatzair North America on the Attacks in Hawara
Hashomer Hatzair North America condemns the recent violent attacks perpetrated by illegal Israeli settlers in Hawara, West Bank. After a Palestinian man fatally shot two Israelis, settlers rampaged through the occupied village of Hawara, injuring, displacing, and murdering innocent civilians. This response to the tragic murder of the Israelis was unjust, cruel, and unnecessarily escalated tensions in the West Bank. The settlers’ continuing attacks on Hawara should not be seen as an isolated incident, as they reflect over 50 years of Israel’s military occupation and are the culmination of decades of expanding illegal settlements. The current right-wing coalition government has perpetuated this human rights disaster by protecting, enabling, and encouraging the reprehensible actions of settlers. It is vital that we do not lose sight of the injustices of the occupation and treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank while we condemn the government's proposed changes to Israel's system of justice.
We call upon the Israeli government, the Palestinian Authority, and all parties involved to take swift and decisive action to prevent further violence and to support the efforts of those working towards a peaceful and just resolution to the occupation. Furthermore, we call upon the Israeli judicial system to work within the framework of equal justice under the law and hold attacks committed by Palestinians and Israeli settlers to the same standard. Hashomer Hatzair North America condemns the Israeli government for its support of illegal settlers and its ongoing occupation of Palestinian territories. Our hearts break for those suffering under realities of the occupation and we stand in solidarity with the people of Hawara.
Chazak ve Ematz,
Shelly Ben Dor, Roni Shaham, Halley Simenhoff and Caelen Leizer-Romalis
North American Mazkirimot | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1914 | {"url": "https://campshomria.com/blogs/news/hashomer-hatzair-north-america-statement-on-the-attacks-in-hawara", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "campshomria.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:04:01Z", "digest": "sha1:C77NBMI42IZD3IBCUX7EVI2EEDSVMJIJ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1990, 1990.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1990, 3746.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1990, 7.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1990, 112.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1990, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1990, 250.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1990, 0.36686391]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1990, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1990, 0.0939759]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1990, 0.04578313]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1990, 0.03614458]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1990, 0.04819277]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1990, 0.06506024]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1990, 0.09763314]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1990, 0.55481728]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1990, 5.51495017]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1990, 4.65823349]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1990, 301.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 66, 0.0], [66, 137, 0.0], [137, 1144, 1.0], [1144, 1876, 1.0], [1876, 1893, 0.0], [1893, 1965, 0.0], [1965, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 66, 0.0], [66, 137, 0.0], [137, 1144, 0.0], [1144, 1876, 0.0], [1876, 1893, 0.0], [1893, 1965, 0.0], [1965, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 66, 10.0], [66, 137, 11.0], [137, 1144, 150.0], [1144, 1876, 114.0], [1876, 1893, 3.0], [1893, 1965, 10.0], [1965, 1990, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 66, 0.0], [66, 137, 0.0], [137, 1144, 0.00202634], [1144, 1876, 0.0], [1876, 1893, 0.0], [1893, 1965, 0.0], [1965, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 66, 0.0], [66, 137, 0.0], [137, 1144, 0.0], [1144, 1876, 0.0], [1876, 1893, 0.0], [1893, 1965, 0.0], [1965, 1990, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 66, 0.10606061], [66, 137, 0.09859155], [137, 1144, 0.02482622], [1144, 1876, 0.02185792], [1876, 1893, 0.11764706], [1893, 1965, 0.13888889], [1965, 1990, 0.12]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1990, 0.95251453]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1990, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1990, 0.44699824]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1990, -21.37869128]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1990, 41.98885469]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1990, 39.115052]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1990, 11.0]]} |
TO SHOWCASE EXCELLENCE
It's almost natural for women and young girls to excel at all times, despite they are often responsible for more task with less available resources.
TO CELEBRATE ACHIEVERS
A public acknowledgement is the best way to validate accomplishments. This is a form of endorsement that can further attract more opportunities, and patronage.
to encourage mentorship
True champions always invest in others. This provides the opportunity to elevate others, either directly or indirectly.
to set new standards
Being a pacesetter is a very commendable fit. Setting benchmarks inspires the community, youths and the entire industry. This is an acceptable form of credibility that will be remembered for many years to come.
to educate the public
This serves as an opportunity to inform the public and potential clients of the history, accomplishments, and milestones.
to inspire others
This will inspire millions worldwide, especially young girls, teens and female professionals. This will also help educate young boys and men, on the contribution of women in all part of society. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1915 | {"url": "https://canadaceoforum.com/ceo-digest/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "canadaceoforum.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:00:36Z", "digest": "sha1:CTRMRXHAW4IUB2RH336XZEYRBZLG4XOD"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1087, 1087.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1087, 3668.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1087, 12.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1087, 123.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1087, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1087, 338.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1087, 0.43455497]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1087, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1087, 0.02227171]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1087, 0.03664921]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1087, 0.10994764]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1087, 0.64497041]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1087, 5.31360947]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1087, 4.42199002]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1087, 169.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 172, 1.0], [172, 195, 0.0], [195, 355, 1.0], [355, 379, 0.0], [379, 499, 1.0], [499, 520, 0.0], [520, 731, 1.0], [731, 753, 0.0], [753, 875, 1.0], [875, 893, 0.0], [893, 1087, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 172, 0.0], [172, 195, 0.0], [195, 355, 0.0], [355, 379, 0.0], [379, 499, 0.0], [499, 520, 0.0], [520, 731, 0.0], [731, 753, 0.0], [753, 875, 0.0], [875, 893, 0.0], [893, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 23, 3.0], [23, 172, 25.0], [172, 195, 3.0], [195, 355, 24.0], [355, 379, 3.0], [379, 499, 17.0], [499, 520, 4.0], [520, 731, 34.0], [731, 753, 4.0], [753, 875, 18.0], [875, 893, 3.0], [893, 1087, 31.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 172, 0.0], [172, 195, 0.0], [195, 355, 0.0], [355, 379, 0.0], [379, 499, 0.0], [499, 520, 0.0], [520, 731, 0.0], [731, 753, 0.0], [753, 875, 0.0], [875, 893, 0.0], [893, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 172, 0.0], [172, 195, 0.0], [195, 355, 0.0], [355, 379, 0.0], [379, 499, 0.0], [499, 520, 0.0], [520, 731, 0.0], [731, 753, 0.0], [753, 875, 0.0], [875, 893, 0.0], [893, 1087, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 23, 0.86956522], [23, 172, 0.00671141], [172, 195, 0.86956522], [195, 355, 0.0125], [355, 379, 0.0], [379, 499, 0.01666667], [499, 520, 0.0], [520, 731, 0.01421801], [731, 753, 0.0], [753, 875, 0.00819672], [875, 893, 0.0], [893, 1087, 0.01030928]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1087, 0.68461978]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1087, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1087, 0.01459664]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1087, -27.57809677]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1087, 7.60813208]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1087, -28.00250853]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1087, 11.0]]} |
CANDICE DIXON LAW, P.A.
[email protected]
MENUHome About Services – Criminal Defense – Family Law – Personal Injury – Social Security Disability Testimonials Contact Us
Helping Families Make Ends Meet
There are plenty of misconceptions about disability payments certain Americans may receive from the Social Security Administration. This program is referred to as Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). SSDI is designed to provide modest monthly payments to individuals who cannot work.
Unlike many other government programs, SSDI is earned. Eligible recipients need to accrue a certain amount of work credits before receiving SSDI. Essentially, applicants must have worked at least five years within the immediate 10-year period, in addition to fivemore previous years of work, to earn a sufficient amount of work credits.
SSDI Definition of Disability
The criteria for someone being “disabled” differs among contexts. In the case of SSDI, however, applicants must meet a fairly strict definition. The SSDI definition of disability requires applicants to have a severe medical condition that is anticipated to last at least one year or result in death. Importantly, this medical impairment must prevent the applicant from performing past work or participating in “substantial gainful activity.”
Substantial gainful activity is any work that nets someone more than $1,310 per month. Anyone who earns more than that is not eligible for SSDI.
SSDI Amounts
The average SSDI monthly payment is around $1,280, which is just over $15,000 per year. The vast majority of SSDI monthly benefits range from $800 to $1,800. Certain recipients may receive just over $3,000 per month. The amount any particular applicant may receive is subject to several factors, including the number of dependents, amount the applicant paid into through previous work, and other federal assistance.
An Attorney’s Help is Crucial
The Social Security Administration is especially keen on detecting fraud and protecting the integrity of the SSDI program. As a result, many applications are initially denied. Plenty of applicants are successful on appeal, but experts highly recommend having a qualified and experienced attorney to help during this stage.
Candice Dixon Law, P.A. would be honored to help you or a loved one get SSDI. After paying into it through years of hard work, you deserve to get paid back in your time of need. Touch base with our team today to discuss your options.
Introduction To Candice Dixon Law, P.A.'s Practice Areas, and Legal Approach
"Introduction To Candice Dixon Law, P.A.'s Practice Areas and Legal Approach"
226 N. Kentucky Ave., Lakeland,
Legal Content Marketing and Design by
Disclaimer: The information you obtain at this site is not, nor is it intended to be, legal advice. You should consult an attorney for advice regarding your individual situation.
© Candice Dixon LAW, P.A. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1916 | {"url": "https://candicedixonlaw.com/social-security-disability/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "candicedixonlaw.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:26:19Z", "digest": "sha1:OBKNYYVXEQFSTWYMYVWKDLDCJQ3XIUTP"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2936, 2936.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2936, 3573.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2936, 20.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2936, 44.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2936, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2936, 288.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2936, 0.31949458]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2936, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2936, 0.05085452]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2936, 0.05085452]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2936, 0.05085452]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2936, 0.05085452]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2936, 0.05085452]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2936, 0.05085452]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2936, 0.02501042]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2936, 0.03126303]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2936, 0.02125886]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2936, 0.05054152]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2936, 0.18231047]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2936, 0.53846154]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2936, 5.27252747]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2936, 5.15582509]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2936, 455.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 24, 1.0], [24, 49, 0.0], [49, 176, 0.0], [176, 208, 0.0], [208, 500, 1.0], [500, 837, 1.0], [837, 867, 0.0], [867, 1309, 1.0], [1309, 1454, 1.0], [1454, 1467, 0.0], [1467, 1883, 1.0], [1883, 1913, 0.0], [1913, 2236, 1.0], [2236, 2470, 1.0], [2470, 2547, 0.0], [2547, 2625, 0.0], [2625, 2657, 0.0], [2657, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2874, 1.0], [2874, 2936, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 49, 0.0], [49, 176, 0.0], [176, 208, 0.0], [208, 500, 0.0], [500, 837, 0.0], [837, 867, 0.0], [867, 1309, 0.0], [1309, 1454, 0.0], [1454, 1467, 0.0], [1467, 1883, 0.0], [1883, 1913, 0.0], [1913, 2236, 0.0], [2236, 2470, 0.0], [2470, 2547, 0.0], [2547, 2625, 0.0], [2625, 2657, 0.0], [2657, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2874, 0.0], [2874, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 24, 4.0], [24, 49, 1.0], [49, 176, 19.0], [176, 208, 5.0], [208, 500, 41.0], [500, 837, 52.0], [837, 867, 4.0], [867, 1309, 66.0], [1309, 1454, 25.0], [1454, 1467, 2.0], [1467, 1883, 65.0], [1883, 1913, 5.0], [1913, 2236, 48.0], [2236, 2470, 46.0], [2470, 2547, 11.0], [2547, 2625, 11.0], [2625, 2657, 5.0], [2657, 2695, 6.0], [2695, 2874, 29.0], [2874, 2936, 10.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 49, 0.0], [49, 176, 0.0], [176, 208, 0.0], [208, 500, 0.0], [500, 837, 0.00609756], [837, 867, 0.0], [867, 1309, 0.0], [1309, 1454, 0.02857143], [1454, 1467, 0.0], [1467, 1883, 0.05025126], [1883, 1913, 0.0], [1913, 2236, 0.0], [2236, 2470, 0.0], [2470, 2547, 0.0], [2547, 2625, 0.0], [2625, 2657, 0.11111111], [2657, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2874, 0.0], [2874, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 49, 0.0], [49, 176, 0.0], [176, 208, 0.0], [208, 500, 0.0], [500, 837, 0.0], [837, 867, 0.0], [867, 1309, 0.0], [1309, 1454, 0.0], [1454, 1467, 0.0], [1467, 1883, 0.0], [1883, 1913, 0.0], [1913, 2236, 0.0], [2236, 2470, 0.0], [2470, 2547, 0.0], [2547, 2625, 0.0], [2625, 2657, 0.0], [2657, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2874, 0.0], [2874, 2936, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 24, 0.70833333], [24, 49, 0.0], [49, 176, 0.1496063], [176, 208, 0.15625], [208, 500, 0.06164384], [500, 837, 0.03264095], [837, 867, 0.2], [867, 1309, 0.02714932], [1309, 1454, 0.04137931], [1454, 1467, 0.38461538], [1467, 1883, 0.02884615], [1883, 1913, 0.13333333], [1913, 2236, 0.03095975], [2236, 2470, 0.04700855], [2470, 2547, 0.14285714], [2547, 2625, 0.14102564], [2625, 2657, 0.125], [2657, 2695, 0.10526316], [2695, 2874, 0.01675978], [2874, 2936, 0.19354839]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2936, 0.01427931]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2936, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2936, 0.14501601]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2936, -144.33372846]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2936, -1.03160522]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2936, -69.15837261]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2936, 39.0]]} |
Margaret Sanger: Sterilization
Adolf Hitler and Nazi leaders in Munich, Germany, on November 9, 1934. Credit: photolibrarian, License: https://bit.ly/2ZfA8qe.
byHayden Ludwig
The Legacy of Margaret Sanger (full series)
The Birth of Birth Control | The Tragedy of Overpopulation
Back in the USSR | Sterilization | The Woman Who United the Left
Summary: The founder of the largest abortion provider in America is often remembered for her efforts to legalize contraception as well as her eugenicist views of the “fit” and “unfit.” Less remembered is the philosophy of Birth Control that she fostered by fusing together socialism, population control, and racial chauvinism. Much more than her role in advancing abortion “rights,” Margaret Sanger taught so-called Progressives how to unify leftist causes—a legacy still continued today and one that conservatives can’t afford to misunderstand.
“Sterilization Should Not Be Considered a Punishment”
The American Birth Control League’s founding goals also included the
STERILIZATION of the insane and feeble-minded and the encouragement of this operation upon those afflicted with inherited or transmissible diseases, with the understanding that sterilization does not deprive the individual of his or her sex expression, but merely renders him incapable of producing children [emphasis original].
Sanger herself was far from coy about sterilizing the “inferior,” though she was often careful with her wording. This has led to confusion and missed opportunities among pro-life conservatives and allowed her defenders to make humanitarian claims not borne out by their heroine’s writings—writings which are usually more damning than vindicating.
Take her view of forced sterilization. To its credit, Planned Parenthood admits that Sanger endorsed the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold forced sterilization in Buck v. Bell (1927), an opinion authored by eugenics supporter and Progressive icon Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. “We denounce her endorsement of the Buck v. Bell decision as well as her involvement with the American eugenics movement and her adherence to some of its principles and values,” Planned Parenthood adds.
The group goes on to explain dismiss Sanger’s use of the terms “fit” and “unfit” as commonplace relics of her politically incorrect era, alleging that she only applied them to individuals’ mental or physical defects, not their race or religion. Apologists offer this widely used sentence from Sanger’s voluminous writings to prove how much she loathed racism and bigotry:
I admire the courage of a government that takes a stand on sterilization of the unfit and second, my admiration is subject to the interpretation of the word ‘unfit.’ If by ‘unfit’ is meant the physical or mental defects of a human being, that is an admirable gesture, but if “unfit” refers to races or religions, then that is another matter, which I frankly deplore [emphasis added].
The quotation is also echoed by liberals in the pages of The Nation and even on a website documenting the history of eugenics, both of which defend Sanger from charges of white supremacy. But the context for the quotation is almost impossible to find online—so where did it originally come from?
I chased down the quotation to a letter from Sanger dated February 13, 1934, to Sydney L. Lasell, a Yale University freshman who sent her a questionnaire to published in the student-run paper Yale News. Lasell asked Sanger, “What are your views on the German program of sterilizing the unfit?” to which she offered her oft-quoted reply above.
Lasell was referring to Sanger’s view of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses) enacted in July 1933, just seven months earlier—and six months after Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, making it one of the first statutes passed by the Nazi government.
In her reply to Lasell, Sanger hailed as “courageous” the Nazi law that established genetic health courts consisting of a judge and doctor who had the power to forcibly sterilize individuals suffering from a handful of hereditary diseases and “deficiencies,” including alcoholism. By 1945, over 400,000 people were forcibly sterilized by these courts.
Interestingly, none of the conditions detailed by the law included racial or religious criteria. The Holocaust hadn’t yet begun in earnest in 1934, either. So why did Sanger feel the need to distance herself from a definition of “unfit” that included “races or religions” in her reply to Lasell?
The Nazis based their law on a U.S. model drafted by Harry H. Laughlin, president of the American Eugenics Society and a supporter of forced sterilization. Sanger and Laughlin were close allies. At a 1923 Birth Control conference in Chicago, she told Laughlin that she believed ”this conference is going to do much to unite the Eugenic Movement and the Birth Control movement, for after all they should be and are the right and left hand of one body” [emphasis added].
Yet Sanger was anything but coy about her support for forced sterilization of the “unfit.” Germany’s law sparked hot debate among eugenics groups in America and the rest of Europe, many of whom applauded Germany and demanded similar sterilization laws in their own countries. On February 7, 1934—mere weeks before Sanger penned her oft-quoted reply to Lasell—the American Birth Control League, with Sanger at its head, published a little-known press release calling on the government to sterilize “millions of individuals”:
To the average normal responsible parent, birth control is a necessity—especially in the spacing of children, or in limiting the size of the family in consideration of the mother’s health and the father’s earnings. But there are hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions of individuals in this country who have not the moral responsibility to care for children, nor to realize the seriousness of irresponsible child-bearing. These people should be sterilized. They can be classed as the moron, the mental defective, feebleminded, certain forms of insanity—where the cure is doubtful or uncertain, besides those afflicted with epilepsy and other transmissible diseases [emphasis added].
“Sterilization should not be considered a punishment,” the league declared. It even suggested that pensions be paid to “all paupers, morons, feebleminded, mentally and morally deficient persons, who will submit to sterilization.” That was, they concluded, a much better solution than “to pass them out a dole while they increase their numbers tenfold.”
Of course, that part of Sanger’s legacy isn’t quoted in Planned Parenthood’s florid biography of its founder, though it should be—her signature is printed at the bottom of the press release.
The Negro Project of the South
No picture of Margaret Sanger would be complete without reference to the Negro Project of the South, the American Birth Control League’s infamous campaign to indoctrinate “planned parenthood” among Southern blacks. Sanger’s intent with the project is hotly debated. As with much of her life, there was at least some benevolent intent to lower rates of unplanned pregnancies among one of the poorest groups in America. The project involved sending workers to the rural South to test various contraceptive jellies and other low-cost forms of contraception to reduce birthrates. It ultimately proved a failure, with few women showing up for follow-up exams, and the project was terminated in 1942.
Critics allege that the project’s true goal was the reduction or even annihilation of African Americans, and they have a good point. However, there’s more nuance to the Negro Project than is perhaps obvious at first glance.
A number of prominent black leaders supported it, including W.E.B. DuBois, Mary McLeod Bethune, and future U.S. Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Adding to the nuance was the substantial funding provided by the personal philanthropy of Albert Lasker, a German-born advertising mogul known as the “Father of Modern Advertising” and an active Republican who helped William G. Harding become president as a key adviser in his landslide victory in 1920. (Interestingly, Lasker applied his stellar advertising methods to political campaigning, teaching Republicans to sell their candidates by appealing to voters through newspaper ads, billboards, newsreels, and advertisements targeted at women who were able to vote for the first time that year.)
Much has been made of Sanger’s bitter disappointment in the project by her defenders, who unconvincingly lay the blame of any racial paternalism on others. Pro-life detractors are not free of exaggeration, either, when they quote her infamous 1939 “extermination” letter to Clarence Gamble, heir to the Procter & Gamble soap company fortune:
The ministers [sic] work is also important and also he should be trained, perhaps by the [Birth Control Federation of America,] as to our ideals and the goal that we hope to reach. We do not want word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population and the minister is the man who can straighten out that idea if it ever occurs to any of their more rebellious members [emphasis added].
Put in full context, Sanger’s supposed call to “exterminate the Negro population” is actually her ham-fisted effort to dispel genocidal fears. She was trying to head off the accusation of extermination by addressing it in her letter, not demand it. (Gamble, a eugenics supporter, deserves scrutiny as the founder of Pathfinder International, a multi-million-dollar population control funder that has received nearly $1 billion in federal funding in the last decade.)
Instead, critics ought to consider an almost unknown quotation Sanger wrote in 1912 that offers a far better insight into the young (and less politically savvy) activist’s view of non-whites as little better than compulsive rapists:
It is said a fish as large as a man has a brain no larger than the kernel of an almond. In all fish and reptiles where there is no great brain development, there is also no conscious sexual control. The lower down in the scale of human development we go the less sexual control we find. It is said that the aboriginal Australian, the lowest known species of the human family, just a step higher than the chimpanzee in brain development, has so little sexual control that police authority alone prevents him from obtaining sexual satisfaction on the streets. According to one writer, the rapist has just enough brain development to raise him above the animal, but like the animal, when in heat knows no law except nature which impels him to procreate whatever the result [emphasis added].
In the next installment of “The Legacy of Margaret Sanger,” see the massive influence Sanger has had on the Left.
Tags:Margaret Sanger
Hayden Ludwig
Hayden Ludwig is the Director of Policy Research at Restoration of America. He was formerly Senior Investigative Researcher at Capital Research Center. Ludwig is a native of Orange County, California,…
+ More byHayden Ludwig
Martin Morse Wooster: Book Man
by Scott Walter on February 16, 2023
Martin Morse Wooster: Martin’s Genuine “Civic Participation”
Martin Morse Wooster: Big Martin vs. Big Philanthropy | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1917 | {"url": "https://capitalresearch.org/article/margaret-sanger-part-4/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "capitalresearch.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:30:06Z", "digest": "sha1:UGFDDXFLWHJWX42WIEOYEVF6HVGIIXXC"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 11229, 11229.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 11229, 13141.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 11229, 42.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 11229, 112.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 11229, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 11229, 271.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 11229, 11.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 11229, 0.39275635]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 11229, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 11229, 0.02657555]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 11229, 0.01627075]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 11229, 0.01084716]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 11229, 0.01084716]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 11229, 0.01084716]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 11229, 0.0065083]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 11229, 0.00238638]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 11229, 0.00752587]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 11229, 0.02380952]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 11229, 0.15098777]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 11229, 0.4652346]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 11229, 5.21141888]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 11229, 0.00047037]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 11229, 5.88987791]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 11229, 1769.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 159, 1.0], [159, 175, 0.0], [175, 219, 0.0], [219, 278, 0.0], [278, 343, 0.0], [343, 889, 1.0], [889, 943, 1.0], [943, 1012, 0.0], [1012, 1341, 1.0], [1341, 1688, 1.0], [1688, 2165, 1.0], [2165, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2921, 1.0], [2921, 3217, 1.0], [3217, 3560, 1.0], [3560, 3888, 1.0], [3888, 4240, 1.0], [4240, 4536, 1.0], [4536, 5005, 1.0], [5005, 5529, 0.0], [5529, 6213, 1.0], [6213, 6566, 1.0], [6566, 6757, 1.0], [6757, 6788, 0.0], [6788, 7483, 1.0], [7483, 7707, 1.0], [7707, 8446, 0.0], [8446, 8788, 0.0], [8788, 9185, 1.0], [9185, 9652, 0.0], [9652, 9885, 0.0], [9885, 10673, 1.0], [10673, 10787, 1.0], [10787, 10808, 0.0], [10808, 10822, 0.0], [10822, 11024, 0.0], [11024, 11047, 0.0], [11047, 11078, 0.0], [11078, 11115, 0.0], [11115, 11176, 1.0], [11176, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 159, 0.0], [159, 175, 0.0], [175, 219, 0.0], [219, 278, 0.0], [278, 343, 0.0], [343, 889, 0.0], [889, 943, 0.0], [943, 1012, 0.0], [1012, 1341, 0.0], [1341, 1688, 0.0], [1688, 2165, 0.0], [2165, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2921, 0.0], [2921, 3217, 0.0], [3217, 3560, 0.0], [3560, 3888, 0.0], [3888, 4240, 0.0], [4240, 4536, 0.0], [4536, 5005, 0.0], [5005, 5529, 0.0], [5529, 6213, 0.0], [6213, 6566, 0.0], [6566, 6757, 0.0], [6757, 6788, 0.0], [6788, 7483, 0.0], [7483, 7707, 0.0], [7707, 8446, 0.0], [8446, 8788, 0.0], [8788, 9185, 0.0], [9185, 9652, 0.0], [9652, 9885, 0.0], [9885, 10673, 0.0], [10673, 10787, 0.0], [10787, 10808, 0.0], [10808, 10822, 0.0], [10822, 11024, 0.0], [11024, 11047, 0.0], [11047, 11078, 0.0], [11078, 11115, 0.0], [11115, 11176, 0.0], [11176, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 31, 3.0], [31, 159, 16.0], [159, 175, 2.0], [175, 219, 7.0], [219, 278, 9.0], [278, 343, 11.0], [343, 889, 81.0], [889, 943, 7.0], [943, 1012, 10.0], [1012, 1341, 46.0], [1341, 1688, 51.0], [1688, 2165, 74.0], [2165, 2537, 59.0], [2537, 2921, 67.0], [2921, 3217, 51.0], [3217, 3560, 58.0], [3560, 3888, 50.0], [3888, 4240, 53.0], [4240, 4536, 49.0], [4536, 5005, 81.0], [5005, 5529, 80.0], [5529, 6213, 102.0], [6213, 6566, 53.0], [6566, 6757, 31.0], [6757, 6788, 6.0], [6788, 7483, 109.0], [7483, 7707, 37.0], [7707, 8446, 111.0], [8446, 8788, 52.0], [8788, 9185, 74.0], [9185, 9652, 70.0], [9652, 9885, 36.0], [9885, 10673, 139.0], [10673, 10787, 20.0], [10787, 10808, 2.0], [10808, 10822, 2.0], [10822, 11024, 30.0], [11024, 11047, 3.0], [11047, 11078, 5.0], [11078, 11115, 7.0], [11115, 11176, 7.0], [11176, 11229, 8.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 159, 0.06140351], [159, 175, 0.0], [175, 219, 0.0], [219, 278, 0.0], [278, 343, 0.0], [343, 889, 0.0], [889, 943, 0.0], [943, 1012, 0.0], [1012, 1341, 0.0], [1341, 1688, 0.0], [1688, 2165, 0.00858369], [2165, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2921, 0.0], [2921, 3217, 0.0], [3217, 3560, 0.01807229], [3560, 3888, 0.0123839], [3888, 4240, 0.02898551], [4240, 4536, 0.0137931], [4536, 5005, 0.00875274], [5005, 5529, 0.00972763], [5529, 6213, 0.0], [6213, 6566, 0.0], [6566, 6757, 0.0], [6757, 6788, 0.0], [6788, 7483, 0.00585652], [7483, 7707, 0.0], [7707, 8446, 0.00558659], [8446, 8788, 0.01204819], [8788, 9185, 0.0], [9185, 9652, 0.00221239], [9652, 9885, 0.01762115], [9885, 10673, 0.0], [10673, 10787, 0.0], [10787, 10808, 0.0], [10808, 10822, 0.0], [10822, 11024, 0.0], [11024, 11047, 0.0], [11047, 11078, 0.0], [11078, 11115, 0.17142857], [11115, 11176, 0.0], [11176, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 159, 0.0], [159, 175, 0.0], [175, 219, 0.0], [219, 278, 0.0], [278, 343, 0.0], [343, 889, 0.0], [889, 943, 0.0], [943, 1012, 0.0], [1012, 1341, 0.0], [1341, 1688, 0.0], [1688, 2165, 0.0], [2165, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2921, 0.0], [2921, 3217, 0.0], [3217, 3560, 0.0], [3560, 3888, 0.0], [3888, 4240, 0.0], [4240, 4536, 0.0], [4536, 5005, 0.0], [5005, 5529, 0.0], [5529, 6213, 0.0], [6213, 6566, 0.0], [6566, 6757, 0.0], [6757, 6788, 0.0], [6788, 7483, 0.0], [7483, 7707, 0.0], [7707, 8446, 0.0], [8446, 8788, 0.0], [8788, 9185, 0.0], [9185, 9652, 0.0], [9652, 9885, 0.0], [9885, 10673, 0.0], [10673, 10787, 0.0], [10787, 10808, 0.0], [10808, 10822, 0.0], [10822, 11024, 0.0], [11024, 11047, 0.0], [11047, 11078, 0.0], [11078, 11115, 0.0], [11115, 11176, 0.0], [11176, 11229, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 31, 0.09677419], [31, 159, 0.078125], [159, 175, 0.125], [175, 219, 0.09090909], [219, 278, 0.11864407], [278, 343, 0.16923077], [343, 889, 0.01831502], [889, 943, 0.11111111], [943, 1012, 0.07246377], [1012, 1341, 0.03951368], [1341, 1688, 0.00576369], [1688, 2165, 0.04192872], [2165, 2537, 0.01075269], [2537, 2921, 0.0078125], [2921, 3217, 0.01689189], [3217, 3560, 0.04081633], [3560, 3888, 0.04573171], [3888, 4240, 0.01420455], [4240, 4536, 0.02027027], [4536, 5005, 0.04477612], [5005, 5529, 0.02862595], [5529, 6213, 0.00584795], [6213, 6566, 0.00849858], [6566, 6757, 0.02094241], [6757, 6788, 0.12903226], [6788, 7483, 0.02446043], [7483, 7707, 0.02678571], [7707, 8446, 0.04194858], [8446, 8788, 0.02046784], [8788, 9185, 0.01763224], [9185, 9652, 0.01498929], [9652, 9885, 0.00858369], [9885, 10673, 0.00761421], [10673, 10787, 0.06140351], [10787, 10808, 0.14285714], [10808, 10822, 0.14285714], [10822, 11024, 0.08910891], [11024, 11047, 0.13043478], [11047, 11078, 0.16129032], [11078, 11115, 0.08108108], [11115, 11176, 0.1147541], [11176, 11229, 0.13207547]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 11229, 0.93266004]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 11229, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 11229, 0.74395543]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 11229, -392.94909796]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 11229, 210.91785202]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 11229, -146.3833189]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 11229, 78.0]]} |
Car insurance finder
How to Get the Best Price on Your Cadillac Escalade / ESV Car Insurance
Before you purchase your Cadillac Escalade / ESV, you'll need to get the appropriate car insurance. There are a few ways to get the best deal on your policy. For starters, you can use a car insurance calculator to determine how much your policy will cost. These calculators can check average rates based on your age and location. They can also compare the cost of insurance policies in the most expensive and least expensive states. Another great benefit to these calculators is that they don't require you to input sensitive personal information.
Keeping extra features to a minimum
While some options are standard across car insurance companies, there are many ways to customize your coverage to get the best possible price. Talk to a licensed agent to find out more about your options. It is best to get a quote from a few different insurance companies and compare their offers.
The Cadillac Escalade Platinum ESV is a luxury SUV that comes standard with many advanced features. Some of these features include a hands-free power tailgate and a three-screen entertainment system in the rear. Standard wireless phone charging is also available.
The Escalade's standard warranty package is the same as that of other Cadillac models. This includes a four-year/50,000-mile bumper-to-bumper warranty. Moreover, it includes a six-year/70,000-mile powertrain warranty. However, the Escalade's lifespan will depend on how well you take care of it and your driving habits.
Whether you opt for a long-wheelbase or short-wheelbase, the Escalade is a large, luxurious SUV with impressive performance. A standard 6.2-liter V8 engine comes standard, while a fuel-efficient 3.0-liter diesel engine is optional. Both of these engines have a powerful torque output, which will help you accelerate quickly and safely.
You can still find a great deal on Escalade / ESV car insurance by shopping around. The average cost of insurance for a Cadillac Escalade / ESV is about $6,080 per year. You can save a lot of money by getting several quotes from different insurance companies and comparing them. However, keep in mind that every insurance company uses a different algorithm to determine rates.
The Escalade is a full-size luxury SUV that was released by General Motors in 1999. It is widely regarded as the king of luxury SUVs. It comes with a powerful 6.2L V8 engine that pushes 420hp. It also features high-end technology such as augmented reality navigation, infrared night-vision mode, and curved infotainment screens.
Keeping warranty long
Keeping your Cadillac Escalade / ESV warranty as long as possible is an important part of maintaining your vehicle. If you don't, it can cost you hundreds of dollars in repairs, which is why you should make sure to get a long warranty on your vehicle. This way, you'll avoid the high cost of catastrophic events.
There are many different options when it comes to extended warranties for Cadillac cars. While some are available from GM, third-party service contracts can also offer factory-level coverage at a cheaper price. In addition, third-party Cadillac service contracts can offer excellent customer service and comprehensive plans that are flexible and affordable.
One popular option is the Cadillac Vehicle Protection Plan. This plan covers the car for up to 120,000 miles and provides five tiers of protection. It also offers rental car coverage, towing, and travel coverage. It also has several options for financing. It is a good idea to purchase an extended warranty if you can't afford the full cost of a new car.
The Cadillac Escalade is one of the most reliable full-size luxury SUVs on the market today. It is made with advanced technology and engineering excellence. A study released recently ranked the Cadillac Escalade ESV as the fourth most durable vehicle on the road. By taking care of your vehicle, you can keep your warranty as long as possible.
An extended warranty can cost from $1,000 to $2,000, depending on the model and coverage. You can purchase this plan on your own or add it to your auto loan. If you do purchase an extended warranty, keep in mind that third-party warranties are much better value than Cadillac's.
Discounts for senior drivers
There are a number of discounts for senior drivers on their car insurance policies. These discounts vary depending on your state of residence and the company you choose. Typically, seniors receive a small reduction in their annual premium. They may also qualify for a defensive driving class, which is available through AARP. Other companies offer discounts to seniors who complete a driving course through an accredited state organization.
Insurers consider teenagers and senior drivers to be high-risk drivers. Their insurance rates reflect this, and teens can expect to pay significantly higher premiums. For example, the average annual premium for a 16-year-old driver is $5704, compared to $2628,8 for a senior driver. Still, there are ways to lower these rates and save money while driving a luxury vehicle.
The Cadillac Escalade / ESV car insurer's base premium is $2,064 per year, which is slightly less than the national average for a luxury SUV. For this reason, good drivers can save an average of $714 per year on their premiums. Keeping a clean driving record and following traffic laws can also lower your insurance rates.
Cadillac's Escalade was redesigned for the 2021 model year. It shares many of its features with Chevrolet's popular SUVs, such as the Suburban and Yukon. Its new generation features include independent rear suspension. In addition, it now shares many similarities with the Chevrolet Tahoe.
The Cadillac Escalade is available in five trim levels. Its standard features include a 6.2-liter V8 engine and a 10-speed automatic transmission. Its optional features include heated and cooled seats, a moon roof, and a second-row DVD monitor.
Keeping a clean driving record
The 2015 Cadillac Escalade / ESV has a good safety rating, and if you keep your driving record clean, you can save on your premium. It also has an extensive list of driver assistance and modern safety features. Even though the vehicle is seven years old, you can expect to see features like electronic stability control, night vision, and active/passive disabling devices. These features can lower your monthly premium by a few tens of dollars. Depending on your state, you may also be able to get discounts for such features.
The Cadillac Escalade / ESV is one of the most powerful cars on the road. With a 6200 cc engine, this luxury vehicle is more than capable of taking on the road. Typically, insurance companies view high-performance vehicles as more risky and increase premium rates accordingly. This is why it is important to maintain a clean driving record and keep your car insurance history clean.
Keeping a clean driving record is one of the best ways to get cheaper Cadillac Escalade / ESV car cover. It will save you money every month on your monthly premium and reduce your risk of being in an accident. Insurance quotes for Cadillac Escalade / ESV vehicles vary considerably from model to model, so it is important to stay safe on the road and drive responsibly. You can find cheap insurance by shopping online and comparing rates for your car.
The biggest factor that determines insurance costs is the age and experience of the insured driver. The younger the driver, the higher the cost of insurance. Teen drivers, for example, can expect to pay as much as $5704 more than an experienced driver of the same age.
Getting the best rate
If you want to get the lowest rate on your Cadillac Escalade / ESV car coverage, you'll have to shop around. The best rates are often found by purchasing the insurance from a smaller regional insurer. You may also be able to get lower rates by increasing your deductible. Many insurance companies also offer discounts to those who bundle their auto insurance with their home insurance. This is especially helpful for people who drive several cars.
There are several factors that go into determining the premium for your Cadillac Escalade / ESV car coverage. One of them is your driving history. If you have been in an accident in the past, this could affect the amount you pay. Another factor that will affect the rate is the model year of your vehicle.
You can check out average rates by entering information about your vehicle on a free online insurance calculator. This calculator will show you what your policy will cost and what your coverage will cover. It will also allow you to compare the cost of insurance across states. This way, you can compare the best rate for your Cadillac Escalade / ESV car coverage.
You can also lower your rate by maintaining a clean driving record. If you have any blemishes on your record, your premiums will increase. For example, if you have a speeding ticket, your rates may increase by $2934 a year. However, if you have no accidents, you could save up to $1,930 per year.
The average cost of insurance for a Cadillac Escalade / ESV is $2,904 per year, but your rate could vary. Many factors affect insurance costs, so it's a good idea to use an insurance calculator to find the best insurance rate for your Cadillac Escalade / ESV.
PreviousHow to Get Cheap Cadillac ELR Car Insurance
NextCadillac SRX Car Insurance
Factors That Affect the Cost of Volvo XC90 Car Insurance
How to Get the Best Rates on Volvo XC70 Car Insurance
Factors That Affect the Cost of Volvo V60 Car Insurance
How to Find the Best Volvo S60 Car Insurance
Volkswagen Tiguan Car Insurance
© 2022 Car insurance finder | PopularFX Theme | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1918 | {"url": "https://car-insurance-finder.com/how-to-get-the-best-price-on-your-cadillac-escalade-esv-car-insurance/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "car-insurance-finder.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:01:08Z", "digest": "sha1:M3PMVA3URF657A3HNJCSIVQFT4OIPB4H"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 9704, 9704.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 9704, 10493.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 9704, 41.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 9704, 67.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 9704, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 9704, 238.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 9704, 0.38255386]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 9704, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 9704, 0.0127486]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 9704, 0.08885773]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 9704, 0.05099439]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 9704, 0.03850076]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 9704, 0.02371239]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 9704, 0.02371239]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 9704, 0.03671596]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 9704, 0.0363335]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 9704, 0.02052524]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 9704, 0.0189175]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 9704, 0.14661061]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 9704, 0.30716511]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 9704, 4.88722741]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 9704, 5.3917879]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 9704, 1605.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 93, 0.0], [93, 641, 1.0], [641, 677, 0.0], [677, 975, 1.0], [975, 1239, 1.0], [1239, 1559, 1.0], [1559, 1895, 1.0], [1895, 2272, 1.0], [2272, 2601, 1.0], [2601, 2623, 0.0], [2623, 2936, 1.0], [2936, 3294, 1.0], [3294, 3649, 1.0], [3649, 3993, 1.0], [3993, 4272, 1.0], [4272, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4742, 1.0], [4742, 5115, 1.0], [5115, 5438, 1.0], [5438, 5728, 1.0], [5728, 5973, 1.0], [5973, 6004, 0.0], [6004, 6531, 1.0], [6531, 6914, 1.0], [6914, 7366, 1.0], [7366, 7635, 1.0], [7635, 7657, 0.0], [7657, 8105, 1.0], [8105, 8411, 1.0], [8411, 8775, 1.0], [8775, 9072, 1.0], [9072, 9332, 1.0], [9332, 9384, 0.0], [9384, 9415, 0.0], [9415, 9472, 0.0], [9472, 9526, 0.0], [9526, 9582, 0.0], [9582, 9627, 0.0], [9627, 9659, 0.0], [9659, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 93, 0.0], [93, 641, 0.0], [641, 677, 0.0], [677, 975, 0.0], [975, 1239, 0.0], [1239, 1559, 0.0], [1559, 1895, 0.0], [1895, 2272, 0.0], [2272, 2601, 0.0], [2601, 2623, 0.0], [2623, 2936, 0.0], [2936, 3294, 0.0], [3294, 3649, 0.0], [3649, 3993, 0.0], [3993, 4272, 0.0], [4272, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4742, 0.0], [4742, 5115, 0.0], [5115, 5438, 0.0], [5438, 5728, 0.0], [5728, 5973, 0.0], [5973, 6004, 0.0], [6004, 6531, 0.0], [6531, 6914, 0.0], [6914, 7366, 0.0], [7366, 7635, 0.0], [7635, 7657, 0.0], [7657, 8105, 0.0], [8105, 8411, 0.0], [8411, 8775, 0.0], [8775, 9072, 0.0], [9072, 9332, 0.0], [9332, 9384, 0.0], [9384, 9415, 0.0], [9415, 9472, 0.0], [9472, 9526, 0.0], [9526, 9582, 0.0], [9582, 9627, 0.0], [9627, 9659, 0.0], [9659, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 21, 3.0], [21, 93, 13.0], [93, 641, 91.0], [641, 677, 6.0], [677, 975, 52.0], [975, 1239, 40.0], [1239, 1559, 45.0], [1559, 1895, 50.0], [1895, 2272, 63.0], [2272, 2601, 53.0], [2601, 2623, 3.0], [2623, 2936, 55.0], [2936, 3294, 51.0], [3294, 3649, 63.0], [3649, 3993, 58.0], [3993, 4272, 49.0], [4272, 4301, 4.0], [4301, 4742, 68.0], [4742, 5115, 59.0], [5115, 5438, 55.0], [5438, 5728, 44.0], [5728, 5973, 38.0], [5973, 6004, 5.0], [6004, 6531, 89.0], [6531, 6914, 64.0], [6914, 7366, 79.0], [7366, 7635, 47.0], [7635, 7657, 4.0], [7657, 8105, 75.0], [8105, 8411, 55.0], [8411, 8775, 62.0], [8775, 9072, 54.0], [9072, 9332, 45.0], [9332, 9384, 8.0], [9384, 9415, 4.0], [9415, 9472, 10.0], [9472, 9526, 11.0], [9526, 9582, 10.0], [9582, 9627, 9.0], [9627, 9659, 4.0], [9659, 9704, 7.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 93, 0.0], [93, 641, 0.0], [641, 677, 0.0], [677, 975, 0.0], [975, 1239, 0.0], [1239, 1559, 0.03322259], [1559, 1895, 0.01557632], [1895, 2272, 0.0109589], [2272, 2601, 0.03144654], [2601, 2623, 0.0], [2623, 2936, 0.0], [2936, 3294, 0.0], [3294, 3649, 0.0173913], [3649, 3993, 0.0], [3993, 4272, 0.02996255], [4272, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4742, 0.0], [4742, 5115, 0.03072626], [5115, 5438, 0.02250804], [5438, 5728, 0.01423488], [5728, 5973, 0.0212766], [5973, 6004, 0.0], [6004, 6531, 0.0078125], [6531, 6914, 0.01072386], [6914, 7366, 0.0], [7366, 7635, 0.01532567], [7635, 7657, 0.0], [7657, 8105, 0.0], [8105, 8411, 0.0], [8411, 8775, 0.0], [8775, 9072, 0.02816901], [9072, 9332, 0.01612903], [9332, 9384, 0.0], [9384, 9415, 0.0], [9415, 9472, 0.03571429], [9472, 9526, 0.03773585], [9526, 9582, 0.03636364], [9582, 9627, 0.04545455], [9627, 9659, 0.0], [9659, 9704, 0.09302326]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 93, 0.0], [93, 641, 0.0], [641, 677, 0.0], [677, 975, 0.0], [975, 1239, 0.0], [1239, 1559, 0.0], [1559, 1895, 0.0], [1895, 2272, 0.0], [2272, 2601, 0.0], [2601, 2623, 0.0], [2623, 2936, 0.0], [2936, 3294, 0.0], [3294, 3649, 0.0], [3649, 3993, 0.0], [3993, 4272, 0.0], [4272, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4742, 0.0], [4742, 5115, 0.0], [5115, 5438, 0.0], [5438, 5728, 0.0], [5728, 5973, 0.0], [5973, 6004, 0.0], [6004, 6531, 0.0], [6531, 6914, 0.0], [6914, 7366, 0.0], [7366, 7635, 0.0], [7635, 7657, 0.0], [7657, 8105, 0.0], [8105, 8411, 0.0], [8411, 8775, 0.0], [8775, 9072, 0.0], [9072, 9332, 0.0], [9332, 9384, 0.0], [9384, 9415, 0.0], [9415, 9472, 0.0], [9472, 9526, 0.0], [9526, 9582, 0.0], [9582, 9627, 0.0], [9627, 9659, 0.0], [9659, 9704, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.04761905], [21, 93, 0.16666667], [93, 641, 0.02007299], [641, 677, 0.02777778], [677, 975, 0.01006711], [975, 1239, 0.04545455], [1239, 1559, 0.021875], [1559, 1895, 0.02380952], [1895, 2272, 0.03448276], [2272, 2601, 0.04559271], [2601, 2623, 0.04545455], [2623, 2936, 0.02555911], [2936, 3294, 0.01955307], [3294, 3649, 0.02535211], [3649, 3993, 0.04069767], [3993, 4272, 0.01433692], [4272, 4301, 0.03448276], [4301, 4742, 0.02040816], [4742, 5115, 0.01072386], [5115, 5438, 0.03405573], [5438, 5728, 0.04482759], [5728, 5973, 0.03673469], [5973, 6004, 0.03225806], [6004, 6531, 0.01897533], [6531, 6914, 0.02349869], [6914, 7366, 0.03097345], [7366, 7635, 0.01115242], [7635, 7657, 0.04545455], [7657, 8105, 0.02232143], [8105, 8411, 0.02941176], [8411, 8775, 0.02472527], [8775, 9072, 0.01346801], [9072, 9332, 0.04615385], [9332, 9384, 0.19230769], [9384, 9415, 0.22580645], [9415, 9472, 0.15789474], [9472, 9526, 0.16666667], [9526, 9582, 0.14285714], [9582, 9627, 0.15555556], [9627, 9659, 0.125], [9659, 9704, 0.11111111]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 9704, 0.13939434]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 9704, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 9704, 0.04403043]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 9704, -560.63912023]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 9704, -13.39954476]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 9704, -446.79978657]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 9704, 104.0]]} |
Tag: Sino-Japanese War
China’s War Reporters: An Interview
Parks Coble’s new book is a wonderful study of memory, war, and history that takes the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945 and its aftermath as its focus. China’s War Reporters: The Legacy of Resistance against Japan (Harvard University Press, 2015) look closely at writing done by journalists and intellectuals during the war, as well as the “re-remembering” of the war in modern China. Collectively, the chapters of China’s War Reporters argue that the … Continue reading China’s War Reporters: An Interview
Men to Devils, Devils to Men: An Interview
Barak Kushner’s new book considers what happened in the wake of Japan’s surrender, looking closely at diplomatic and military efforts to bring “Japanese imperial behavior” to justice. Men to Devils, Devils to Men: Japanese War Crimes and Chinese Justice (Harvard University Press, 2015) focuses on the aftermath of the Japanese war crimes, asking a number of important questions: “How did the Chinese legally deal with Japanese war … Continue reading Men to Devils, Devils to Men: An Interview | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1919 | {"url": "https://carlanappi.com/tag/sino-japanese-war/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "carlanappi.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:24:17Z", "digest": "sha1:3WWBDFU5N2Y7BYBJ67Z6RVZP7ABKQHCS"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1100, 1100.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1100, 1825.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1100, 5.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1100, 43.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1100, 0.89]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1100, 208.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1100, 0.29515419]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1100, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1100, 0.16499443]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1100, 0.09810479]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1100, 0.0735786]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1100, 0.0735786]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1100, 0.04459309]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1100, 0.08472687]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1100, 0.05685619]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1100, 0.21145374]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1100, 0.51149425]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1100, 5.15517241]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1100, 0.00881057]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1100, 4.15035779]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1100, 174.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 59, 0.0], [59, 564, 0.0], [564, 607, 0.0], [607, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 59, 0.0], [59, 564, 0.0], [564, 607, 0.0], [607, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 23, 3.0], [23, 59, 5.0], [59, 564, 80.0], [564, 607, 8.0], [607, 1100, 78.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 59, 0.0], [59, 564, 0.0244898], [564, 607, 0.0], [607, 1100, 0.00829876]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 59, 0.0], [59, 564, 0.0], [564, 607, 0.0], [607, 1100, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 23, 0.17391304], [23, 59, 0.13888889], [59, 564, 0.05148515], [564, 607, 0.13953488], [607, 1100, 0.05476673]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1100, 0.12928867]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1100, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1100, 0.09478819]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1100, -122.88484008]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1100, 13.33610679]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1100, -23.9721395]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1100, 4.0]]} |
Modern semi-detached house near the city of Poreč!
House Semi-detached for sale, Poreč
Istria, Poreč
Poreč and its surroundings have long been one of the most sought-after locations in Istria and this is where this extremely interesting modern semi-detached house is located, whose concept hides many peculiarities. The newly built house spreads over 130m2, on a 375 m2 big plot. The geometric design of the property is complemented by large glass walls on the ground floor, thanks to which the effect of maximum connection between the interior and the garden is achieved. And right in the outer part, a perfectly designed segment awaits you - a covered whirlpool surrounded by hand-worked stone, from which you have a fantastic sea view. The pool, which is accessed directly from the spacious living room, is partially covered by a pergola, which allows optimal passage of natural light, which is why the sun's rays play on the surface of the water, making the experience special.
The interior, designed on two floors, has three bedrooms and two bathrooms. On the ground floor is a large living room connected to the kitchen in an open space variant, while a large sliding wall completely opens the space to the outside and a comfortable area to sit and relax. The whole space is decorated with style, with selected details that provide superior comfort. The garden is arranged in the same way, which acts as an outdoor interior. The house is superbly equipped, so it has, for example, a charger for electric cars, while on the ground floor there is a Finnish sauna for an additional experience of complete relaxation. The property provides complete privacy and in addition, this state-of-the-art modern building is located just two kilometres from the sea and as such represents the maximum potential for a tourist investment.
* The price does not include VAT.
LocationPoreč (52440)
Area130,00 m2
Area Outside180,00 m2
House TypeSemi-detached
Energy ClassA+
Room Count3
Bedroom Count3
Bathroom Count2
Distance from the Sea2 000 m
Secure door
Aluminium joinery
Building Condition
Owned space
Center of town
House Floors
Permits and documentation
Use Permit | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1920 | {"url": "https://casavita.hr/en/realestate/722/house-130-m2-for-sale-porec", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "casavita.hr", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:43:41Z", "digest": "sha1:MB5CI7Z7COFRGJR3R7VKRV2YAUZRQLGB"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2157, 2157.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2157, 3399.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2157, 23.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2157, 83.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2157, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2157, 315.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2157, 0.36407767]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2157, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2157, 0.01135718]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2157, 0.01873935]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2157, 0.02725724]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2157, 0.00242718]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2157, 0.13834951]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2157, 0.57183908]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2157, 5.06034483]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2157, 4.85250141]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2157, 348.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 51, 1.0], [51, 87, 0.0], [87, 101, 0.0], [101, 982, 1.0], [982, 1829, 1.0], [1829, 1863, 1.0], [1863, 1885, 0.0], [1885, 1899, 0.0], [1899, 1921, 0.0], [1921, 1945, 0.0], [1945, 1960, 0.0], [1960, 1972, 0.0], [1972, 1987, 0.0], [1987, 2003, 0.0], [2003, 2032, 0.0], [2032, 2044, 0.0], [2044, 2062, 0.0], [2062, 2081, 0.0], [2081, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2108, 0.0], [2108, 2121, 0.0], [2121, 2147, 0.0], [2147, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 87, 0.0], [87, 101, 0.0], [101, 982, 0.0], [982, 1829, 0.0], [1829, 1863, 0.0], [1863, 1885, 0.0], [1885, 1899, 0.0], [1899, 1921, 0.0], [1921, 1945, 0.0], [1945, 1960, 0.0], [1960, 1972, 0.0], [1972, 1987, 0.0], [1987, 2003, 0.0], [2003, 2032, 0.0], [2032, 2044, 0.0], [2044, 2062, 0.0], [2062, 2081, 0.0], [2081, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2108, 0.0], [2108, 2121, 0.0], [2121, 2147, 0.0], [2147, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 51, 8.0], [51, 87, 5.0], [87, 101, 2.0], [101, 982, 145.0], [982, 1829, 141.0], [1829, 1863, 6.0], [1863, 1885, 2.0], [1885, 1899, 2.0], [1899, 1921, 3.0], [1921, 1945, 2.0], [1945, 1960, 2.0], [1960, 1972, 2.0], [1972, 1987, 2.0], [1987, 2003, 2.0], [2003, 2032, 6.0], [2032, 2044, 2.0], [2044, 2062, 2.0], [2062, 2081, 2.0], [2081, 2093, 2.0], [2093, 2108, 3.0], [2108, 2121, 2.0], [2121, 2147, 3.0], [2147, 2157, 2.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 87, 0.0], [87, 101, 0.0], [101, 982, 0.00930233], [982, 1829, 0.0], [1829, 1863, 0.0], [1863, 1885, 0.25], [1885, 1899, 0.5], [1899, 1921, 0.3], [1921, 1945, 0.0], [1945, 1960, 0.0], [1960, 1972, 0.09090909], [1972, 1987, 0.07142857], [1987, 2003, 0.06666667], [2003, 2032, 0.14285714], [2032, 2044, 0.0], [2044, 2062, 0.0], [2062, 2081, 0.0], [2081, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2108, 0.0], [2108, 2121, 0.0], [2121, 2147, 0.0], [2147, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 51, 0.0], [51, 87, 0.0], [87, 101, 0.0], [101, 982, 0.0], [982, 1829, 0.0], [1829, 1863, 0.0], [1863, 1885, 0.0], [1885, 1899, 0.0], [1899, 1921, 0.0], [1921, 1945, 0.0], [1945, 1960, 0.0], [1960, 1972, 0.0], [1972, 1987, 0.0], [1987, 2003, 0.0], [2003, 2032, 0.0], [2032, 2044, 0.0], [2044, 2062, 0.0], [2062, 2081, 0.0], [2081, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2108, 0.0], [2108, 2121, 0.0], [2121, 2147, 0.0], [2147, 2157, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 51, 0.03921569], [51, 87, 0.08333333], [87, 101, 0.14285714], [101, 982, 0.00681044], [982, 1829, 0.00826446], [1829, 1863, 0.11764706], [1863, 1885, 0.09090909], [1885, 1899, 0.07142857], [1899, 1921, 0.09090909], [1921, 1945, 0.125], [1945, 1960, 0.2], [1960, 1972, 0.16666667], [1972, 1987, 0.13333333], [1987, 2003, 0.125], [2003, 2032, 0.06896552], [2032, 2044, 0.08333333], [2044, 2062, 0.05555556], [2062, 2081, 0.10526316], [2081, 2093, 0.08333333], [2093, 2108, 0.06666667], [2108, 2121, 0.15384615], [2121, 2147, 0.03846154], [2147, 2157, 0.2]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2157, 0.49485224]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2157, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2157, 0.10588723]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2157, -32.54570369]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2157, 9.26638522]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2157, 21.99545099]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2157, 14.0]]} |
Secret of Life
Conversation between Nina Sobell and Naoko Tanese
One frame every 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 seconds
If the image isn't changing, use slider to choose slower speed (higher number)
I've watched you.
I watch you. I see your face. I draw your face. You are Professor Naoko Tenese, microbiologist,, scientist, forming thoughts under the microscope. A microscope that mirrors her mind of DNA, of possible links, of microcosms, of organisms that we reflect. That are reflected in dishes and tubes and experiments. organisms that you study in your laboratory. No one believes that you are a professor of Microbiology. A professor who studies cells. Were you working in your lab today? What did you do? Is it too hard to describe? Is it secret?
Well, grow some bacterial cultures, prepare DNA, digest DNA with enzymes, run a gel, and analyze it. Sometimes we sequence the DNA.
What do you mean by sequence? Sequence in time, or sequence in events under the microscope?
A little different. Obtain the information encoded in the DNA by actually uncovering the order in the base pairs that make up the DNA. It's the blueprint of life.
Do you take it to a special copy machine?
You can make a lot of copies, but I'm not sure you can make a clone of the cells.
Do you think in the future that might happen?
Somehow, I don't think so.
The development of an organism is too complicated a process to recapitulate in a test tube.
If we can detect the sex of a child before it is born, and we can detect certain attributes, can we add certain attributes before the child is born. . .. Can you change those attributes?
We may or may not be able to do that, it depends on whether we are able to explain behavior. I don't think it is appropriate to manipulate that, that's playing God. The incentive for developing gene therapy is correcting genetic disorders, and even with that there are a lot of ethical issues. I don't think it's ethical.
Do you think the trend of your science will become so unethical that. .
I don't think so. We're so far from being able to manipulate genes to recreate certain traits. I think the trend will be to learn about certain defects; that predispose people to cancer or to some form of disease. The question is, do people want to be screened for this-this information can be very misleading. It's really at that level. We're miles away, beyond that, there are a few reports here and there, which implicate the effects of these procedures. . .
Would you want to warn a family about a genetic abnormality, as we call it, as a scientist, what is your burning desire?
It really has to do with finding the secret of life. What is the basic of what goes on. Every thing that I do, It's all going on around the clock in your body, as we speak. I'm trying to find out about myself.
Is that your fascination with our performances? that it's a live expression of what goes on in ourselves? That you and I and Emily are trying to find out what goes on creatively in ourselves?
That's a good way to put it.
It's the way we can communicate metaphorically with the whole world at once. ..
maybe less so, maybe being part of this quest for. . there are some similarities, and some differences from my quest for the secret of life. I guess we're exploring different aspects of physical and spiritual . ..
So what we do here embellishes your/we're like a macroscopic complement to your microscopic world? I'm going to give you this series of drawings as a present.
that's fantastic
from what you say, I see you in all different ages of the living process.
back to ParkBench | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1921 | {"url": "https://cat.nyu.edu/parkbench/parkbench/07_03_96.html", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cat.nyu.edu", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:35:35Z", "digest": "sha1:JIJQ6VPECHFC4QT2UIKRH7V2UYK4PQ74"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3575, 3575.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3575, 3611.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3575, 28.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3575, 30.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3575, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3575, 286.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3575, 1.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3575, 0.48106061]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3575, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3575, 0.00858369]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3575, 0.01430615]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3575, 0.01359084]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3575, 0.03156566]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3575, 0.16666667]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3575, 0.45341615]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3575, 4.34161491]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3575, 5.10711447]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3575, 644.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 65, 0.0], [65, 107, 0.0], [107, 186, 0.0], [186, 204, 1.0], [204, 743, 1.0], [743, 875, 1.0], [875, 967, 1.0], [967, 1130, 1.0], [1130, 1172, 1.0], [1172, 1254, 1.0], [1254, 1300, 1.0], [1300, 1327, 1.0], [1327, 1419, 1.0], [1419, 1606, 1.0], [1606, 1928, 1.0], [1928, 2000, 1.0], [2000, 2462, 1.0], [2462, 2583, 1.0], [2583, 2793, 1.0], [2793, 2985, 1.0], [2985, 3014, 1.0], [3014, 3094, 1.0], [3094, 3308, 1.0], [3308, 3467, 1.0], [3467, 3484, 0.0], [3484, 3558, 1.0], [3558, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 65, 0.0], [65, 107, 0.0], [107, 186, 0.0], [186, 204, 0.0], [204, 743, 0.0], [743, 875, 0.0], [875, 967, 0.0], [967, 1130, 0.0], [1130, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1300, 0.0], [1300, 1327, 0.0], [1327, 1419, 0.0], [1419, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1928, 0.0], [1928, 2000, 0.0], [2000, 2462, 0.0], [2462, 2583, 0.0], [2583, 2793, 0.0], [2793, 2985, 0.0], [2985, 3014, 0.0], [3014, 3094, 0.0], [3094, 3308, 0.0], [3308, 3467, 0.0], [3467, 3484, 0.0], [3484, 3558, 0.0], [3558, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 15, 3.0], [15, 65, 7.0], [65, 107, 12.0], [107, 186, 13.0], [186, 204, 3.0], [204, 743, 92.0], [743, 875, 22.0], [875, 967, 16.0], [967, 1130, 29.0], [1130, 1172, 9.0], [1172, 1254, 19.0], [1254, 1300, 9.0], [1300, 1327, 5.0], [1327, 1419, 16.0], [1419, 1606, 34.0], [1606, 1928, 58.0], [1928, 2000, 13.0], [2000, 2462, 80.0], [2462, 2583, 23.0], [2583, 2793, 44.0], [2793, 2985, 35.0], [2985, 3014, 7.0], [3014, 3094, 13.0], [3094, 3308, 35.0], [3308, 3467, 27.0], [3467, 3484, 2.0], [3484, 3558, 15.0], [3558, 3575, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 65, 0.0], [65, 107, 0.225], [107, 186, 0.0], [186, 204, 0.0], [204, 743, 0.0], [743, 875, 0.0], [875, 967, 0.0], [967, 1130, 0.0], [1130, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1300, 0.0], [1300, 1327, 0.0], [1327, 1419, 0.0], [1419, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1928, 0.0], [1928, 2000, 0.0], [2000, 2462, 0.0], [2462, 2583, 0.0], [2583, 2793, 0.0], [2793, 2985, 0.0], [2985, 3014, 0.0], [3014, 3094, 0.0], [3094, 3308, 0.0], [3308, 3467, 0.0], [3467, 3484, 0.0], [3484, 3558, 0.0], [3558, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 65, 0.0], [65, 107, 0.0], [107, 186, 0.0], [186, 204, 0.0], [204, 743, 0.0], [743, 875, 0.0], [875, 967, 0.0], [967, 1130, 0.0], [1130, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1300, 0.0], [1300, 1327, 0.0], [1327, 1419, 0.0], [1419, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1928, 0.0], [1928, 2000, 0.0], [2000, 2462, 0.0], [2462, 2583, 0.0], [2583, 2793, 0.0], [2793, 2985, 0.0], [2985, 3014, 0.0], [3014, 3094, 0.0], [3094, 3308, 0.0], [3308, 3467, 0.0], [3467, 3484, 0.0], [3484, 3558, 0.0], [3558, 3575, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 15, 0.13333333], [15, 65, 0.1], [65, 107, 0.02380952], [107, 186, 0.01265823], [186, 204, 0.05555556], [204, 743, 0.03525046], [743, 875, 0.08333333], [875, 967, 0.02173913], [967, 1130, 0.05521472], [1130, 1172, 0.02380952], [1172, 1254, 0.02439024], [1254, 1300, 0.02173913], [1300, 1327, 0.07407407], [1327, 1419, 0.01086957], [1419, 1606, 0.01069519], [1606, 1928, 0.01552795], [1928, 2000, 0.01388889], [2000, 2462, 0.01298701], [2462, 2583, 0.00826446], [2583, 2793, 0.02857143], [2793, 2985, 0.02083333], [2985, 3014, 0.03448276], [3014, 3094, 0.0125], [3094, 3308, 0.0046729], [3308, 3467, 0.01257862], [3467, 3484, 0.0], [3484, 3558, 0.01351351], [3558, 3575, 0.11764706]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3575, 0.24365294]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3575, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3575, 0.20731586]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3575, -57.60654862]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3575, 10.18499744]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3575, -439.27317551]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3575, 57.0]]} |
Art (B.A.)
Art (B.F.A.)
Art majors pursue either the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Fine Arts degrees. A Bachelor of Science degree may be advisable in the case of a double major. The Bachelor of Arts with a major in art is, as in other academic disciplines, designed as a broad-based liberal arts education. The B.A. in art requires an exposure to both two-dimensional and three-dimensional media as well as art history. It can lead to graduate study in art, art history, art therapy, or other academic or professional areas. The B.A. is recommended for those students who wish to pursue K-12 teaching certification. Students who wish to meet Nebraska certification regulations for the teaching of art in secondary schools must include ART 2000 Art in the Secondary School, as one of their art electives. Students should consult the Department of Education regarding additional Nebraska certification requirements.
The Bachelor of Fine Arts in art is traditionally pursued by those students who plan to become either professional artists or artist/teachers. The B.F.A. stresses intensive and specialized studio practice in the creative art disciplines, and is considered the appropriate preparation for study toward the Master of Fine Arts degree. The B.F.A. is considered a professional design degree and is the preferred credential for entry-level positions in design or advertising agencies or studios, as well as for preparation toward entrance to a Master of Fine Arts program.
Each year, art majors are required to present a portfolio representative of the past year’s work to the art faculty. As well, all candidates for degrees with a major in art are required to participate in a senior exhibition as part of ART 3980 Junior Project and ART 4980 Senior Comprehensive.
All entering and first-year students who are majoring in art are considered candidates for the Bachelor of Arts degree. Those students who wish to pursue the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree must be admitted to the program based on the B.F.A. Clearance. In order to qualify for the B.F.A. Clearance, students must have completed or be currently enrolled in the required art core courses (ART 1050 Art Research, ART 1300 Introduction to Drawing, and ART 2300 Intermediate Drawing) as well as one introductory art history course, and introductory (1000-level) courses in both 2-D and 3-D media. The applicant must have a minimum GPA of 3.00 in all art classes completed within the Art Department at the time of the review. The B.F.A. Clearance will be held concurrently with the annual portfolio review that is required for art majors. The art department faculty will evaluate the portfolio and inform the student of its decision in a timely fashion to allow for time to plan schedules.
Demonstrate technical competencies specific to particular two-dimensional, three-dimensional and digital media.
Demonstrate competency in utilizing the elements and principles of design.
Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between form and content.
Provide evidence of ideation and the revision practices.
Demonstrate oral and written communication skills, specifically related to discussing the work of self and others.
Demonstrate an understanding of their own work in its relationship to appropriate contextual frameworks which can include historical, global, and cultural references.
Provide evidence of participatory involvement in the arts.
ART 2000 Art in the Secondary School (3 hours)
A survey of teaching visual arts education in the secondary schools (grades 7-12). Emphasis on administration, organization, curriculum, and philosophy of art in education. Required for K-12 art certification. Cannot be applied toward a major in art. Cannot be applied toward a major or minor in art.
Cross listed with EDUC 2000.
Prerequisite(s): 15 hours of art and acceptance into the Teacher Education Program or permission of the chair of Department of Education.
ART 3980 Junior Project (2 hours)
To be taken during the spring semester of the junior year. Students will begin to formulate an inclusive portfolio of their work and a thesis for presentation in the Senior Comprehensive. Students will participate in regularly scheduled portfolio critiques and will be required to address relevant questions in a comprehensive written thesis. Meets concurrently with the Senior Comprehensive course.
Prerequisite(s): Junior status and permission of department chair.
ART 4980 Senior Comprehensive (2 hours)
Designed to prepare seniors in art for graduation, this course includes experiences in planning, promoting, and opening a senior gallery exhibition. Students and instructor will work together to prepare professional resumes and portfolios, which include a written artist statement. Includes a gallery talk, presentation to the public, and an exit evaluation by the art department faculty.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3980 Junior Project and art history courses.
ART 1050 Art Research (4 hours)
This studio art course provides an introduction to fundamental concepts and techniques for creative production + problem solving + presentation. We will aim to expand your understanding of what you can achieve and what interests you through experimentation with time, surface, and space as well as a thoughtful exploration of the elements and principles of 2D, 3D, and 4D art and design. While this course will cover some ideas of technique, materials, and process, this is primarily a course where our goal will be to develop our ideas and strategies for how to engage an artistic practice that takes place across material + dimensional boundaries based on the needs of "the work" and the concepts behind it.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of department chair.
ART 1300 Introduction to Drawing (4 hours)
A studio art investigation into drawing as a tool for thinking, observing and questioning. Students will become familiar with fundamental techniques and concepts such as line, value, form and perspective. A variety of dry media and surfaces will be used. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Archway Curriculum: Foundational Literacies: Creative and Performing Arts
ART 2300 Intermediate Drawing (4 hours)
A class focused on the multifaceted importance of the figure in drawing. Through weekly life drawing sessions with a model and the study of the figure as a conceptual and formal foundation, students will begin to develop a drawing practice that is crucial in ideation and as a primary medium for expression. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together.? The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1300 Introduction to Drawing
ARH 1030FYW Survey Non-Western Art History: Ancient to 21st Century (4 hours)
The course surveys African, Asian, Native American, Oceanic, and Pre-Columbian arts from pre-history to the present day. This course is defined by what it will not cover -art of the European tradition. The term "non-western" does not imply a lesser quality or an opposition to art in western tradition. It is a term used to reflect a growing awareness of the richness and diversity of world culture. Since this is a survey course, the art we will examine will be the most representative of each culture. Students gain familiarity with movements, time periods, and individual artists. Students learn to identify works of art, are introduced to art terminology, practice the fundamentals of visual analysis, and develop the ability to analyze the content and contexts of works of art.
Archway Curriculum: First-Year Curriculum: First-Year Writing
Archway Curriculum: Integrative Core: Going Global Thread
ARH 1040FYW Survey Western Art History: Ancient to 21st Century (4 hours)
This course surveys western art chronologically from prehistory to the present day. Discussions center on understanding various civilizations through their visual arts, the cultural exchange between these civilizations, and how images are used for political, economic, religious and social purposes. Guiding themes within this course, such a patronage,gender, identity, political/religious turmoil, colonialism, and global trade, will introduce students to why certain types of art are created and how these works of art function within society. Students gain familiarity with movements, time periods, and individual works of art. Students learn to identify works of art, are introduced to art terminology, practice the fundamentals of visual analysis, and develop the ability to analyze the content and contexts of works of art.
ARH 3100 Art Of The Ancient World (3 hours)
An exploration of art and architecture as they developed in antiquity (prehistory to c.300 AD), this course will examine developments in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. Prehistoric art in western Europe will be considered as well. Emphasis will be given to the great monuments of each culture and the primary focus will be the interaction between art and its surrounding society. In so doing, politics, religion, science, and aesthetics will be included in classroom discussions.
Prerequisite(s): ARH 1040FYW Survey Western Art History: Ancient to 21st Century or permission of the instructor.
ARH 3300 Renaissance Art (3 hours)
An examination of the visual arts as they developed in western Europe, particularly Italy, from 1300 to 1600. Painting, sculpture, and architecture will be considered with special emphasis given to the great masters of the period: Botticelli, da Vinci, and Michelangelo among others. The primary focus of the course will be the interaction between art and its surrounding society. In so doing, politics, religion, science, and aesthetics will be included in classroom discussions.
ARH 3400 Baroque And Rococo Art (3 hours)
Art and architecture primarily in western Europe from 1600 to about 1780 will be considered with primary concentration on the great masters of the era: Caravaggio, Bernini, Rubens, and Rembrandt. Cultural dynamics as they are reflected and affected by the visual arts will be discussed.
ARH 3500 Formations of Modern Art (4 hours)
This course examines the developmental shifts in art largely throughout the 19th century. We begin with art reflecting discourses of the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the rise of Romanticism and see how lingering fears of modernity drives art toward abstraction and Surrealism.
Prerequisite(s): ARH 1040FYW Survey Western Art History: Ancient to 21st Century.
ARH 3600 Modern Art (4 hours)
This course emphasizes analysis of social, economic, and political forces as they influence art in diverse media from Manet through WWII.
Prerequisite(s): ARH 1040FYW Survey Western Art History: Ancient to 21st Century or permission of instructor.
ARH 3800 History of Contemporary Art (4 hours)
This seminar investigates the diversity of global visual art practices through thematic topics such as activism, nature, identity, gender, memory, spirituality, colonialism, consumerism, beauty, participation, globalization, and science. Students will examine how practices, beliefs, systems and narratives have come under critique and are challenged by visual artists as well as how alternatives to these practices, beliefs, systems and narratives proposed by visual artists can lead to transformation. Emphasis is placed on contemporary art practices, but students are encouraged to consider artwork within larger historical and cultural contexts. Course discussions introduce students to aesthetic and theoretical developments, examine significant critical debates within the art world and explore various historical, stylistics and methodological questions raised within the visual arts and art history.
Prerequisite: ARH 1040FYW Survey Western Art History: Ancient to 21st Century or permission of the instructor.
ARH 4000 Travel/Study in Art History (1-3 hours)
Arranged course involving travel and on-site investigation of art and architecture.
ARH 4900 Selected Topics (1-4 hours)
ARH 4950 Independent Study (1-4 hours)
Prerequisite(s): Senior standing and permission of the department chair.
ART 1000 Art in the PK-Elementary School (3 hours)
Study of age- and developmentally-appropriate philosophy, methodology, processes, and content for visual arts instruction in the pre-kindergarten and elementary schools. Includes strategies for teaching art criticism, art history, art media and techniques, aesthetics, and developing curriculum for the PK-elementary school art program. Students will engage in constructing and solving a series of design problems via a range of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional art processes. Practicum teaching experiences required (Art majors will have both pre-kindergarten and elementary school practicums, all other students will have elementary school practicum) as well as assigned readings, reflective writings, lecture/presentations, hands-on activities, and classroom discussions are provided. Required for certification of elementary teachers and PK-12 art endorsements. Cannot be applied toward a major in art.
ART 1100 Introduction to Painting (4 hours)
A studio art investigation of the basic principles and techniques of oil painting. Students will become familiar with various tools and surfaces and will be introduced to the technical processes of painting such as color mixing, direct painting, underpainting, scumbling, blending paint, glazing, and varnishing. The study of painting in contemporary art and art history will inform and give context to each project. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
ART 1200 Introduction to Digital Media (4 hours)
This studio art course provides an introduction to digital concepts and techniques for creative media production + problem solving + presentation. Throughout the semester we will explore the possibilities for multifaceted, interdisciplinary, and complex forms of artistic practice. As participants in this journey we will aim to understand how we, as cultural producers, engage with media production + consumption, our relationship with digital platforms, and we will consider how digital tools have changed our experience of the world and how we can use these tools to create and comment on our experiences. Through technical demos you will be introduced to the software and techniques of digital processes for artists - including digital imaging, motion graphics, digital spaces, and editing for video and audio. While you will acquire skills that can be applied to the presentation and production of traditional art and graphic design, emphasis will be placed on digital technology as a distinct art medium, and its implications for creative expression and cultural production.
ART 1400 Introduction to Printmaking (4 hours)
Introduction to the techniques of printmaking; relief print, serigraph, intaglio, and lithography. Emphasis on the study of the print as a multiple original with introductory edition printing. Focus on basic design concepts with introductory historical investigation related to printmaking. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
ART 1500 Introduction to Photography (4 hours)
This course explores digital photography as a tool and resource with a wide range of expressive and creative interests. digital processes such as image capturing, editing, and printing will be the main focus of this course. we will also address issues pertaining to the circulation and distribution of digital imagery in contemporary culture. In the development of this course, you will be able to use DSLR cameras, point-and-shoot cameras, and camera phones.
ART 1600 Introduction to Ceramics (4 hours)
This course provides a basic foundation and understanding of clay - its nature, attributes, possibilities, and limitations. Students will be introduced to basic throwing and hand-building techniques in clay, including pinching, coiling, and slab construction, as well as surface ornamentation and firing. Beyond the technical, students are expected to work to develop conceptual problem solving within the context of the contemporary ceramic field. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
No Pass/Fail.
ART 1700 Introduction to Sculpture (4 hours)
This course is an introduction to the basic language of sculpture, spatial concepts and technical processes as they relate to sculptural practices. Students will investigate three-dimensional design principles, sculptural strategies, and themes employed throughout history and contemporary object making. A broad range of processes and versatile materials are explored including tools and equipment used in metal and wood fabrication, plaster mold making, and additive and subtractive construction methods. In addition, students will gain knowledge and observe professional standards of shop conduct and safety. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
ART 1800 Introduction to Metalsmithing (4 hours)
This course introduces students to basic tools and construction techniques in metalsmithing for use in jewelry/small sculpture fabrication. Although other materials may be introduced into a design, nickel, copper, and brass will be the primary media. Beyond the technical, students are expected to work to develop beginning conceptual problem solving within the context of the contemporary metalsmithing/jewelry field.
ART 1900 Selected Topics in Studio Art (1-3 hours)
A topical course designed to investigate any relevant subject matter not included in any of the standard beginning-level courses. The title, content, and credit will be determined by the faculty member who is offering the course. This course may be offered to meet a requirement for a major only by approval of the department chair.
EDUC 2000 Art in the Secondary School (3 hours)
See ART 2000 Art in the Secondary School.
ART 2100 Intermediate Painting (4 hours)
Using historical conventions and contemporary approaches we will further investigate the fundamentals of painting. Through conceptual and formal prompts students will begin to develop a nuanced way of working that fits their individual ideas and art practice. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1100 Introduction to Painting
ART 2200 Intermediate Digital Media: Time Based (4 hours)
This course expands upon the fundamental concepts, strategies, and technologies that comprise expanded media [exm] within the art department: digital image, publications, video, and installation. emphasis is placed on forming ideas and strategies, and creating artwork that considers the core connections within exm: time, space, the body, the viewer, and society at large. computer-based technologies and time-based media that are inherent to an expanded practice will support studio projects.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1200 Introduction to Digital Media
ART 2400 Intermediate Printmaking (4 hours)
A continuation of a particular technique at the interests of students who have taken Printmaking 1. This is a refinement of the practice. An examination of one print form (relief, serigraphy, intalgio, lithography, or digital printmaking) focused on the study of composition and content as it relates to the technical and formal considerations of that particular medium. Emphasis on the use of color and color theory. Edition printing.?Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1400 Introduction to Printmaking
ART 2500 Intermediate Photography (4 hours)
This course explores digital photography as a tool and resource with a wide range of expressive and creative interests. we will explore advanced techniques in photo-editing, file management, printing, digital delivery, and studio photography of artwork.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1500 Introduction to Photography.
ART 2550 Darkroom Photography (4 hours)
This course provides an introduction to the basic tools, techniques, and presentation of darkroom photography as an art medium. Throughout the semester, we will focus on the technical craft of using the camera, creating silver gelatin prints, and interpreting photographs. We will engage in the discussion and development of a vocabulary related to subject matter, form, and content of the photographic image through the study of historical and contemporary concerns related to the photographic image.
ART 2600 Intermediate Ceramics (4 hours)
Exploration of complex methods of hand-building and throwing techniques; basic theoretical study of clays, glazes, kilns, and firing. Along with technical development, students work to develop conceptual problem solving within the context of the contemporary ceramic field. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1600 Introduction to Ceramics
ART 2700 Intermediate Sculpture (4 hours)
This course builds on skills learned in Sculpture I while introducing advanced techniques using metal and wood fabrication, non-traditional art making materials, and contemporary themes. Students will continue to investigate spatial strategies, develop artist statements, and continue to further their knowledge of tools, equipment and materials, as well as observe professional standards of shop conduct and safety. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1700 Introduction to Sculpture
ART 2800 Intermediate Metalsmithing (4 hours)
Exploration of metalsmithing forming techniques to turn flat metal sheets into three-dimensional form through techniques of stretching, angle raising, and fold forming. The class will explore marriage of metal, etching and mechanical connections. Beyond the technical, students are expected to develop conceptual problem solving within the context of the contemporary metalsmithing/jewelry field. The study of historical and contemporary metalsmithing will be used as foundations for design and ideation.Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together.
Prerequisite(s): ART 1800 Introduction to Metalsmithing
A topical course designed to investigate any relevant subject matter not included in any of the standard advanced-level courses. The title, content, and credit will be determined by the faculty member who is offering the course. This course may be offered to meet a requirement for a major only by approval of the department chair.
ART 2950 Independent Study (1-4 hours)
ART 2960 Special Projects in Studio Art (1-15 hours)
Supervised, advanced-level projects not included in any of the standard courses. Normally developed for an individual student but may be arranged for a small group of students.
Prerequisite(s): 9 hours of art and permission of the instructor.
ART 2970 Art Internship (1-3 hours)
An on-the-job supervised training experience with a business or non-profit organization, such as an art gallery, professional art studio, or business utilizing art or design. A minimum of 3 hours of work per week for each hour of credit
Prerequisite(s): A major in art or permission of the department chair and permission of the sponsoring agency.
ART 3010 Art + Activism (3 hours)
This is a hybrid studio/seminar course that familiarizes course participants with the socio-political issues on the NWU campus as well as at the local, state and national level, then develop creative strategies for personal growth and community transformation. In a supportive environment, we will challenge ourselves to look deeply at our own biases regarding race, gender, sexuality, socioeconomic class and the natural environment. Each semester the course is offered, it will focus on a particular one of the areas mentioned above. We will investigate the issues through listening to guest speakers followed by
open dialogue among students and faculty. Students will become familiar with the intersections of art and activism through lectures and discussions as well as their own research, which they will present orally to the class. In the second half of the semester students will begin developing their own socially engaged art projects with the support of the class feedback and from one of the class visitors. Initial projects will be on a small scale in a familiar environment. Subsequent projects will build on the knowledge and experience gained from the first projects. Teamwork and collaboration is encouraged.
ART 3050 Art Therapy (2 hours)
See PSYCH 3050 Art Therapy.
PSYCH 3050 Art Therapy (2 hours)
A survey of the field of art therapy in its various applications and theoretical orientations.
Cross listed with ART 3050.
Prerequisite(s): 8 hours of psychology, including PSYCH 1010/PSYCH 1010FYW Introduction to Psychological Science, and 9 hours of art, or permission of the instructor.
ART 3100 Advanced Painting (4 hours)
A class focused on the intersection of the individual students' painting practice with contemporary ideas and problems in painting. The development of self-sufficient studio habits and tailoring painting processes to individual projects will be paramount. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together.? The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2100 Intermediate Painting
ART 3200 Advanced Digital Media: Time Based Design (4 hours)
Major emphasis on the development of the individual maturation of artistic abilities and intellect, as well as a personal aesthetic. this course addresses artistic direction, motivations, discipline, craft, critical abilities, and articulation of ideas as they relate to an artistic expanded practice. media to be used is at the discretion of the student.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2200 Intermediate Digital Media: Time Based.
ART 3300 Advanced Drawing (4 hours)
A class focused on the intersection of the individual students' drawing practice with contemporary ideas and problems in drawing. The development of self-sufficient studio habits and tailoring drawing processes to individual projects will be paramount. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together.? The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2300 Intermediate Drawing
ART 3400 Advanced Printmaking (4 hours)
Examination of one print form (relief, serigraphy,intaglio, lithography, or digital printmaking)with emphasis on the study of composition and content as it relates to the technical and formal considerations of the particular medium. Edition printing. Opportunity for introductory student research and an emphasis on the relationship of media to the form and content. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2400 Intermediate Printmaking
ART 3500 Advanced Photography (4 hours)
This course provides an emphasis on the development of the individual maturation of artistic abilities and intellect, as well as a personal aesthetic. this course addresses artistic direction, motivations, discipline, craft, critical abilities, and articulation of ideas as they relate to a photographic practice. photo-media to be used is at the discretion of the student.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2500 Intermediate Photography
ART 3600 Advanced Ceramics (4 hours)
Students continue to study and develop advanced technical skills in both form and surface, but also work more diligently toward personal expression. We will study ceramics in a historical context in relationship to contemporary attitudes in clay - to provide context of our own work. Critical discourse of developing ideas as well as of the completed projects are crucial to the development of a personal identity of each student's work. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2600 Intermediate Ceramics
ART 3700 Advanced Sculpture (4 hours)
This course builds on skills learned in Sculpture I while introducing advanced techniques using metal and wood fabrication, non-traditional art making materials, and contemporary themes. Students will continue to investigate spatial strategies, develop artist statements, and continue to further their knowledge of tools, equipment and materials, as well as observe professional standards of shop conduct and safety.Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2700 Intermediate Sculpture
ART 3800 Advanced Metalsmithing (3 hours)
Students will explore current trends and issues in metalsmithing in relationship to their individual research concerns. Emphasis on student directed content, problems, and solutions within the context of metalsmithing that result in a body of work.
Prerequisite(s): ART 2800 Intermediate Metalsmithing
ART 3960 Special Projects (1-15 hours)
ART 3970 Internship (1-8 hours)
This course allows students to participate at a meaningful level in an internship with a public official, political figure, public agency, campaign or interest group and to use that experience as the basis for an academic paper.
ART 4100 Research and Practice in Painting (1-4 hours)
A rehearsal for a professional studio painting practice following graduation. Students will develop ideas through work in the studio and engagement with the local arts community and wider art worlds. A cohesive body of work is expected. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3100 Advanced Painting or permission of instructor
ART 4200 Research and Practice in Digital Media (1-4 hours)
This course will focus on content issues as they relate to the development of a body of work incorporating video and expanded media. projects will be interdisciplinary in nature -and they can be collaborative [if working with people outside the art department] or independently produced, depending on the needs of the work. all work will be produced in consultation with the instructor. external exhibition opportunities will be explored.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3200 Advanced Digital Media: Time Based Design or permission of instructor
ART 4300 Research and Practice in Drawing (1-4 hours)
A rehearsal for a professional studio drawing practice following graduation. Students will develop ideas through work in the studio and engagement with the local arts community and wider art worlds. A cohesive body of work is expected. Formal and in-progress critiques will be held throughout the semester. Attending and/or participating in local art exhibitions and artist lectures is required. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3300 Advanced Drawing or permission of instructor
ART 4400 Research and Practice in Printmaking (1-4 hours)
Examination of one student-selected print form (relief, serigraphy, intalgio, lithography, or digital printmaking) with emphasis on the study of composition and content as it relates to the technical and formal considerations of the particular medium. Emphasis on student directed content, problems and solutions within the context of a printmaking medium that results in a body of work. May be repeated for credit. Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3400 Advanced Printmaking or permission of instructor
ART 4500 Research and Practice in Photography (1-4 hours)
This course will focus on content issues as they relate to the development of a body of work incorporating photography as a tool and resource with a wide range of expressive and creative interest. projects will be interdisciplinary in nature -and they can be collaborative [if working with people outside the art department] or independently produced, depending on the needs of the work. all work will be produced in consultation with the instructor. external exhibition opportunities will be explored.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3500 Advanced Photography or permission of instructor
ART 4600 Research and Practice in Ceramics (1-4 hours)
This is a research course. The student will meet with the professor to select a study topic, review research methods, and write a proposal outlining the project in both content and form as well as detailed work plan. It is expected that the student and faculty meet once per week to assess progress of the project.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3600 Advanced Ceramics or permission of instructor
ART 4700 Research and Practice in Sculpture (1-4 hours)
This course builds on technical skills and historic and contemporary themes addressed in all previous Sculpture course while introducing concepts of an interdisciplinary studio practice, blurring the lines between traditional studio disciplines and investigating time-based strategies. Students will present thoughtful research on contemporary artists that inform their studio practices, continue to develop artist statements, and observe professional standards of shop conduct and safety. May be repeated for credit.Various levels (1-4) of this studio art medium may meet together. The course requirements of each level are different.
Prerequisite(s): ART 3700 Advanced Sculpture or permission of instructor
ART 4800 Research and Practice in Metalsmithing (1-4 hours)
Prerequisite(s): ART 3800 Advanced Metalsmithing or permission of instructor
ART 4900 Selected Topics (1-4 hours)
ART 4910 Directed Readings (1-6 hours)
Prerequisite(s): A major in art and permission of the department chair and the sponsoring agency. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1922 | {"url": "https://catalog.nebrwesleyan.edu/cc/2021-2022/department/363144", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "catalog.nebrwesleyan.edu", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:05:32Z", "digest": "sha1:CNSSVV2UH3C74536NAL3Z3EMVZBYB4F2"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 35168, 35168.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 35168, 71674.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 35168, 173.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 35168, 456.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 35168, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 35168, 316.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 35168, 1.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 35168, 0.33003766]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 35168, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 35168, 0.29067838]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 35168, 0.40896204]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 35168, 0.35294931]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 35168, 0.33026762]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 35168, 0.31768204]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 35168, 0.30118941]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 35168, 0.00968121]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 35168, 0.00988867]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 35168, 0.00968121]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 35168, 0.02667922]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 35168, 0.18957941]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 35168, 0.19735835]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 35168, 5.5363706]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 35168, 5.64974133]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 35168, 5224.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 11, 0.0], [11, 24, 0.0], [24, 917, 1.0], [917, 1485, 1.0], [1485, 1779, 1.0], [1779, 2760, 1.0], [2760, 2872, 1.0], [2872, 2947, 1.0], [2947, 3022, 1.0], [3022, 3079, 1.0], [3079, 3194, 1.0], [3194, 3361, 1.0], [3361, 3420, 1.0], [3420, 3467, 0.0], [3467, 3768, 1.0], [3768, 3797, 1.0], [3797, 3935, 1.0], [3935, 3969, 0.0], [3969, 4369, 1.0], [4369, 4436, 1.0], [4436, 4476, 0.0], [4476, 4865, 1.0], [4865, 4931, 1.0], [4931, 4963, 0.0], [4963, 5673, 1.0], [5673, 5722, 1.0], [5722, 5765, 0.0], [5765, 6299, 1.0], [6299, 6373, 0.0], [6373, 6413, 0.0], [6413, 7001, 1.0], [7001, 7051, 0.0], [7051, 7129, 0.0], [7129, 7912, 1.0], [7912, 7974, 0.0], [7974, 8032, 0.0], [8032, 8106, 0.0], [8106, 8936, 1.0], [8936, 8980, 0.0], [8980, 9466, 1.0], [9466, 9580, 1.0], [9580, 9615, 0.0], [9615, 10096, 1.0], [10096, 10138, 0.0], [10138, 10425, 1.0], [10425, 10469, 0.0], [10469, 10759, 1.0], [10759, 10841, 1.0], [10841, 10871, 0.0], [10871, 11009, 1.0], [11009, 11119, 1.0], [11119, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 12074, 1.0], [12074, 12185, 1.0], [12185, 12234, 0.0], [12234, 12318, 1.0], [12318, 12355, 0.0], [12355, 12394, 0.0], [12394, 12467, 1.0], [12467, 12518, 0.0], [12518, 13424, 1.0], [13424, 13468, 0.0], [13468, 14093, 1.0], [14093, 14142, 0.0], [14142, 15223, 1.0], [15223, 15270, 0.0], [15270, 15680, 1.0], [15680, 15727, 0.0], [15727, 16187, 1.0], [16187, 16231, 0.0], [16231, 16799, 1.0], [16799, 16813, 1.0], [16813, 16858, 0.0], [16858, 17589, 1.0], [17589, 17638, 0.0], [17638, 18057, 1.0], [18057, 18108, 0.0], [18108, 18441, 1.0], [18441, 18489, 0.0], [18489, 18531, 1.0], [18531, 18572, 0.0], [18572, 19111, 1.0], [19111, 19162, 0.0], [19162, 19220, 0.0], [19220, 19715, 1.0], [19715, 19771, 0.0], [19771, 19815, 0.0], [19815, 20370, 1.0], [20370, 20424, 0.0], [20424, 20468, 0.0], [20468, 20722, 1.0], [20722, 20777, 1.0], [20777, 20817, 0.0], [20817, 21319, 1.0], [21319, 21360, 0.0], [21360, 21753, 1.0], [21753, 21804, 0.0], [21804, 21846, 0.0], [21846, 22382, 1.0], [22382, 22434, 0.0], [22434, 22480, 0.0], [22480, 23050, 1.0], [23050, 23106, 0.0], [23106, 23438, 1.0], [23438, 23477, 0.0], [23477, 23530, 0.0], [23530, 23707, 1.0], [23707, 23773, 1.0], [23773, 23809, 0.0], [23809, 24046, 0.0], [24046, 24157, 1.0], [24157, 24191, 0.0], [24191, 24806, 0.0], [24806, 25417, 1.0], [25417, 25448, 0.0], [25448, 25476, 1.0], [25476, 25509, 0.0], [25509, 25604, 1.0], [25604, 25632, 1.0], [25632, 25799, 1.0], [25799, 25836, 0.0], [25836, 26372, 1.0], [26372, 26420, 0.0], [26420, 26481, 0.0], [26481, 26837, 1.0], [26837, 26903, 1.0], [26903, 26939, 0.0], [26939, 27472, 1.0], [27472, 27519, 0.0], [27519, 27559, 0.0], [27559, 28045, 1.0], [28045, 28096, 0.0], [28096, 28136, 0.0], [28136, 28510, 1.0], [28510, 28561, 0.0], [28561, 28598, 0.0], [28598, 29155, 1.0], [29155, 29203, 0.0], [29203, 29241, 0.0], [29241, 29776, 1.0], [29776, 29825, 0.0], [29825, 29867, 0.0], [29867, 30116, 1.0], [30116, 30169, 0.0], [30169, 30208, 0.0], [30208, 30240, 0.0], [30240, 30469, 1.0], [30469, 30524, 0.0], [30524, 31040, 1.0], [31040, 31112, 0.0], [31112, 31172, 0.0], [31172, 31611, 1.0], [31611, 31707, 0.0], [31707, 31761, 0.0], [31761, 32276, 1.0], [32276, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32405, 0.0], [32405, 32940, 1.0], [32940, 33015, 0.0], [33015, 33073, 0.0], [33073, 33576, 1.0], [33576, 33651, 0.0], [33651, 33706, 0.0], [33706, 34021, 1.0], [34021, 34093, 0.0], [34093, 34149, 0.0], [34149, 34785, 1.0], [34785, 34858, 0.0], [34858, 34918, 0.0], [34918, 34995, 0.0], [34995, 35032, 0.0], [35032, 35071, 0.0], [35071, 35168, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 11, 0.0], [11, 24, 0.0], [24, 917, 0.0], [917, 1485, 0.0], [1485, 1779, 0.0], [1779, 2760, 0.0], [2760, 2872, 0.0], [2872, 2947, 0.0], [2947, 3022, 0.0], [3022, 3079, 0.0], [3079, 3194, 0.0], [3194, 3361, 0.0], [3361, 3420, 0.0], [3420, 3467, 0.0], [3467, 3768, 0.0], [3768, 3797, 0.0], [3797, 3935, 0.0], [3935, 3969, 0.0], [3969, 4369, 0.0], [4369, 4436, 0.0], [4436, 4476, 0.0], [4476, 4865, 0.0], [4865, 4931, 0.0], [4931, 4963, 0.0], [4963, 5673, 0.0], [5673, 5722, 0.0], [5722, 5765, 0.0], [5765, 6299, 0.0], [6299, 6373, 0.0], [6373, 6413, 0.0], [6413, 7001, 0.0], [7001, 7051, 0.0], [7051, 7129, 0.0], [7129, 7912, 0.0], [7912, 7974, 0.0], [7974, 8032, 0.0], [8032, 8106, 0.0], [8106, 8936, 0.0], [8936, 8980, 0.0], [8980, 9466, 0.0], [9466, 9580, 0.0], [9580, 9615, 0.0], [9615, 10096, 0.0], [10096, 10138, 0.0], [10138, 10425, 0.0], [10425, 10469, 0.0], [10469, 10759, 0.0], [10759, 10841, 0.0], [10841, 10871, 0.0], [10871, 11009, 0.0], [11009, 11119, 0.0], [11119, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 12074, 0.0], [12074, 12185, 0.0], [12185, 12234, 0.0], [12234, 12318, 0.0], [12318, 12355, 0.0], [12355, 12394, 0.0], [12394, 12467, 0.0], [12467, 12518, 0.0], [12518, 13424, 0.0], [13424, 13468, 0.0], [13468, 14093, 0.0], [14093, 14142, 0.0], [14142, 15223, 0.0], [15223, 15270, 0.0], [15270, 15680, 0.0], [15680, 15727, 0.0], [15727, 16187, 0.0], [16187, 16231, 0.0], [16231, 16799, 0.0], [16799, 16813, 0.0], [16813, 16858, 0.0], [16858, 17589, 0.0], [17589, 17638, 0.0], [17638, 18057, 0.0], [18057, 18108, 0.0], [18108, 18441, 0.0], [18441, 18489, 0.0], [18489, 18531, 0.0], [18531, 18572, 0.0], [18572, 19111, 0.0], [19111, 19162, 0.0], [19162, 19220, 0.0], [19220, 19715, 0.0], [19715, 19771, 0.0], [19771, 19815, 0.0], [19815, 20370, 0.0], [20370, 20424, 0.0], [20424, 20468, 0.0], [20468, 20722, 0.0], [20722, 20777, 0.0], [20777, 20817, 0.0], [20817, 21319, 0.0], [21319, 21360, 0.0], [21360, 21753, 0.0], [21753, 21804, 0.0], [21804, 21846, 0.0], [21846, 22382, 0.0], [22382, 22434, 0.0], [22434, 22480, 0.0], [22480, 23050, 0.0], [23050, 23106, 0.0], [23106, 23438, 0.0], [23438, 23477, 0.0], [23477, 23530, 0.0], [23530, 23707, 0.0], [23707, 23773, 0.0], [23773, 23809, 0.0], [23809, 24046, 0.0], [24046, 24157, 0.0], [24157, 24191, 0.0], [24191, 24806, 0.0], [24806, 25417, 0.0], [25417, 25448, 0.0], [25448, 25476, 0.0], [25476, 25509, 0.0], [25509, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25632, 0.0], [25632, 25799, 0.0], [25799, 25836, 0.0], [25836, 26372, 0.0], [26372, 26420, 0.0], [26420, 26481, 0.0], [26481, 26837, 0.0], [26837, 26903, 0.0], [26903, 26939, 0.0], [26939, 27472, 0.0], [27472, 27519, 0.0], [27519, 27559, 0.0], [27559, 28045, 0.0], [28045, 28096, 0.0], [28096, 28136, 0.0], [28136, 28510, 0.0], [28510, 28561, 0.0], [28561, 28598, 0.0], [28598, 29155, 0.0], [29155, 29203, 0.0], [29203, 29241, 0.0], [29241, 29776, 0.0], [29776, 29825, 0.0], [29825, 29867, 0.0], [29867, 30116, 0.0], [30116, 30169, 0.0], [30169, 30208, 0.0], [30208, 30240, 0.0], [30240, 30469, 0.0], [30469, 30524, 0.0], [30524, 31040, 0.0], [31040, 31112, 0.0], [31112, 31172, 0.0], [31172, 31611, 0.0], [31611, 31707, 0.0], [31707, 31761, 0.0], [31761, 32276, 0.0], [32276, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32405, 0.0], [32405, 32940, 0.0], [32940, 33015, 0.0], [33015, 33073, 0.0], [33073, 33576, 0.0], [33576, 33651, 0.0], [33651, 33706, 0.0], [33706, 34021, 0.0], [34021, 34093, 0.0], [34093, 34149, 0.0], [34149, 34785, 0.0], [34785, 34858, 0.0], [34858, 34918, 0.0], [34918, 34995, 0.0], [34995, 35032, 0.0], [35032, 35071, 0.0], [35071, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 11, 2.0], [11, 24, 2.0], [24, 917, 144.0], [917, 1485, 87.0], [1485, 1779, 51.0], [1779, 2760, 164.0], [2760, 2872, 11.0], [2872, 2947, 10.0], [2947, 3022, 10.0], [3022, 3079, 8.0], [3079, 3194, 16.0], [3194, 3361, 22.0], [3361, 3420, 8.0], [3420, 3467, 9.0], [3467, 3768, 47.0], [3768, 3797, 5.0], [3797, 3935, 21.0], [3935, 3969, 6.0], [3969, 4369, 59.0], [4369, 4436, 8.0], [4436, 4476, 6.0], [4476, 4865, 56.0], [4865, 4931, 9.0], [4931, 4963, 6.0], [4963, 5673, 114.0], [5673, 5722, 5.0], [5722, 5765, 7.0], [5765, 6299, 81.0], [6299, 6373, 8.0], [6373, 6413, 6.0], [6413, 7001, 93.0], [7001, 7051, 6.0], [7051, 7129, 12.0], [7129, 7912, 128.0], [7912, 7974, 6.0], [7974, 8032, 7.0], [8032, 8106, 12.0], [8106, 8936, 119.0], [8936, 8980, 9.0], [8980, 9466, 75.0], [9466, 9580, 16.0], [9580, 9615, 6.0], [9615, 10096, 73.0], [10096, 10138, 8.0], [10138, 10425, 45.0], [10425, 10469, 8.0], [10469, 10759, 43.0], [10759, 10841, 11.0], [10841, 10871, 6.0], [10871, 11009, 21.0], [11009, 11119, 15.0], [11119, 11166, 8.0], [11166, 12074, 120.0], [12074, 12185, 16.0], [12185, 12234, 8.0], [12234, 12318, 11.0], [12318, 12355, 6.0], [12355, 12394, 6.0], [12394, 12467, 9.0], [12467, 12518, 9.0], [12518, 13424, 118.0], [13424, 13468, 7.0], [13468, 14093, 94.0], [14093, 14142, 8.0], [14142, 15223, 160.0], [15223, 15270, 7.0], [15270, 15680, 58.0], [15680, 15727, 7.0], [15727, 16187, 72.0], [16187, 16231, 7.0], [16231, 16799, 81.0], [16799, 16813, 2.0], [16813, 16858, 7.0], [16858, 17589, 102.0], [17589, 17638, 7.0], [17638, 18057, 58.0], [18057, 18108, 9.0], [18108, 18441, 55.0], [18441, 18489, 9.0], [18489, 18531, 8.0], [18531, 18572, 6.0], [18572, 19111, 78.0], [19111, 19162, 6.0], [19162, 19220, 9.0], [19220, 19715, 69.0], [19715, 19771, 7.0], [19771, 19815, 6.0], [19815, 20370, 86.0], [20370, 20424, 6.0], [20424, 20468, 6.0], [20468, 20722, 36.0], [20722, 20777, 6.0], [20777, 20817, 6.0], [20817, 21319, 75.0], [21319, 21360, 6.0], [21360, 21753, 56.0], [21753, 21804, 6.0], [21804, 21846, 6.0], [21846, 22382, 76.0], [22382, 22434, 6.0], [22434, 22480, 6.0], [22480, 23050, 78.0], [23050, 23106, 6.0], [23106, 23438, 55.0], [23438, 23477, 6.0], [23477, 23530, 9.0], [23530, 23707, 27.0], [23707, 23773, 10.0], [23773, 23809, 6.0], [23809, 24046, 39.0], [24046, 24157, 17.0], [24157, 24191, 6.0], [24191, 24806, 93.0], [24806, 25417, 97.0], [25417, 25448, 6.0], [25448, 25476, 5.0], [25476, 25509, 6.0], [25509, 25604, 15.0], [25604, 25632, 5.0], [25632, 25799, 23.0], [25799, 25836, 6.0], [25836, 26372, 76.0], [26372, 26420, 5.0], [26420, 26481, 10.0], [26481, 26837, 53.0], [26837, 26903, 8.0], [26903, 26939, 6.0], [26939, 27472, 76.0], [27472, 27519, 5.0], [27519, 27559, 6.0], [27559, 28045, 71.0], [28045, 28096, 5.0], [28096, 28136, 6.0], [28136, 28510, 55.0], [28510, 28561, 5.0], [28561, 28598, 6.0], [28598, 29155, 88.0], [29155, 29203, 5.0], [29203, 29241, 6.0], [29241, 29776, 75.0], [29776, 29825, 5.0], [29825, 29867, 6.0], [29867, 30116, 36.0], [30116, 30169, 5.0], [30169, 30208, 6.0], [30208, 30240, 5.0], [30240, 30469, 37.0], [30469, 30524, 9.0], [30524, 31040, 78.0], [31040, 31112, 9.0], [31112, 31172, 10.0], [31172, 31611, 68.0], [31611, 31707, 13.0], [31707, 31761, 9.0], [31761, 32276, 78.0], [32276, 32347, 9.0], [32347, 32405, 9.0], [32405, 32940, 81.0], [32940, 33015, 9.0], [33015, 33073, 9.0], [33073, 33576, 79.0], [33576, 33651, 9.0], [33651, 33706, 9.0], [33706, 34021, 56.0], [34021, 34093, 9.0], [34093, 34149, 9.0], [34149, 34785, 86.0], [34785, 34858, 9.0], [34858, 34918, 9.0], [34918, 34995, 9.0], [34995, 35032, 6.0], [35032, 35071, 6.0], [35071, 35168, 15.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 11, 0.0], [11, 24, 0.0], [24, 917, 0.00689655], [917, 1485, 0.0], [1485, 1779, 0.02768166], [1779, 2760, 0.02205882], [2760, 2872, 0.0], [2872, 2947, 0.0], [2947, 3022, 0.0], [3022, 3079, 0.0], [3079, 3194, 0.0], [3194, 3361, 0.0], [3361, 3420, 0.0], [3420, 3467, 0.11363636], [3467, 3768, 0.01736111], [3768, 3797, 0.14814815], [3797, 3935, 0.01503759], [3935, 3969, 0.16129032], [3969, 4369, 0.0], [4369, 4436, 0.0], [4436, 4476, 0.13513514], [4476, 4865, 0.0], [4865, 4931, 0.06557377], [4931, 4963, 0.17241379], [4963, 5673, 0.00434153], [5673, 5722, 0.0], [5722, 5765, 0.125], [5765, 6299, 0.003861], [6299, 6373, 0.0], [6373, 6413, 0.13513514], [6413, 7001, 0.00348432], [7001, 7051, 0.08695652], [7051, 7129, 0.09589041], [7129, 7912, 0.0], [7912, 7974, 0.0], [7974, 8032, 0.0], [8032, 8106, 0.1], [8106, 8936, 0.0], [8936, 8980, 0.12195122], [8980, 9466, 0.00638298], [9466, 9580, 0.05555556], [9580, 9615, 0.15625], [9615, 10096, 0.0172043], [10096, 10138, 0.12820513], [10138, 10425, 0.02857143], [10425, 10469, 0.12195122], [10469, 10759, 0.00701754], [10759, 10841, 0.07894737], [10841, 10871, 0.18518519], [10871, 11009, 0.0], [11009, 11119, 0.05769231], [11119, 11166, 0.11363636], [11166, 12074, 0.0], [12074, 12185, 0.05607477], [12185, 12234, 0.13636364], [12234, 12318, 0.0], [12318, 12355, 0.18181818], [12355, 12394, 0.17142857], [12394, 12467, 0.0], [12467, 12518, 0.10638298], [12518, 13424, 0.00457143], [13424, 13468, 0.12195122], [13468, 14093, 0.00328947], [14093, 14142, 0.10869565], [14142, 15223, 0.0], [15223, 15270, 0.11363636], [15270, 15680, 0.00503778], [15680, 15727, 0.11363636], [15727, 16187, 0.0], [16187, 16231, 0.12195122], [16231, 16799, 0.00364964], [16799, 16813, 0.0], [16813, 16858, 0.11904762], [16858, 17589, 0.00280112], [17589, 17638, 0.10869565], [17638, 18057, 0.0], [18057, 18108, 0.12765957], [18108, 18441, 0.0], [18441, 18489, 0.11111111], [18489, 18531, 0.1], [18531, 18572, 0.13157895], [18572, 19111, 0.00379507], [19111, 19162, 0.08510638], [19162, 19220, 0.09259259], [19220, 19715, 0.0], [19715, 19771, 0.07692308], [19771, 19815, 0.12195122], [19815, 20370, 0.00558659], [20370, 20424, 0.08], [20424, 20468, 0.12195122], [20468, 20722, 0.0], [20722, 20777, 0.08], [20777, 20817, 0.13513514], [20817, 21319, 0.0], [21319, 21360, 0.13157895], [21360, 21753, 0.00527704], [21753, 21804, 0.08510638], [21804, 21846, 0.12820513], [21846, 22382, 0.00383877], [22382, 22434, 0.08333333], [22434, 22480, 0.11627907], [22480, 23050, 0.0036036], [23050, 23106, 0.07692308], [23106, 23438, 0.0], [23438, 23477, 0.17142857], [23477, 23530, 0.14285714], [23530, 23707, 0.0], [23707, 23773, 0.01639344], [23773, 23809, 0.1875], [23809, 24046, 0.00436681], [24046, 24157, 0.0], [24157, 24191, 0.17241379], [24191, 24806, 0.0], [24806, 25417, 0.0], [25417, 25448, 0.17857143], [25448, 25476, 0.15384615], [25476, 25509, 0.16666667], [25509, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25632, 0.15384615], [25632, 25799, 0.06329114], [25799, 25836, 0.14705882], [25836, 26372, 0.00383877], [26372, 26420, 0.09090909], [26420, 26481, 0.0877193], [26481, 26837, 0.0], [26837, 26903, 0.06666667], [26903, 26939, 0.15151515], [26939, 27472, 0.003861], [27472, 27519, 0.09302326], [27519, 27559, 0.13513514], [27559, 28045, 0.00424628], [28045, 28096, 0.08510638], [28096, 28136, 0.13513514], [28136, 28510, 0.0], [28510, 28561, 0.08510638], [28561, 28598, 0.14705882], [28598, 29155, 0.00367647], [29155, 29203, 0.09090909], [29203, 29241, 0.14285714], [29241, 29776, 0.00384615], [29776, 29825, 0.08888889], [29825, 29867, 0.12820513], [29867, 30116, 0.0], [30116, 30169, 0.08163265], [30169, 30208, 0.2], [30208, 30240, 0.21428571], [30240, 30469, 0.0], [30469, 30524, 0.11764706], [30524, 31040, 0.00397614], [31040, 31112, 0.05882353], [31112, 31172, 0.10714286], [31172, 31611, 0.0], [31611, 31707, 0.04395604], [31707, 31761, 0.12], [31761, 32276, 0.00398406], [32276, 32347, 0.05970149], [32347, 32405, 0.11111111], [32405, 32940, 0.003861], [32940, 33015, 0.05633803], [33015, 33073, 0.11111111], [33073, 33576, 0.0], [33576, 33651, 0.05633803], [33651, 33706, 0.11764706], [33706, 34021, 0.0], [34021, 34093, 0.05882353], [34093, 34149, 0.11538462], [34149, 34785, 0.00321027], [34785, 34858, 0.05797101], [34858, 34918, 0.10714286], [34918, 34995, 0.05479452], [34995, 35032, 0.18181818], [35032, 35071, 0.17142857], [35071, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 11, 0.0], [11, 24, 0.0], [24, 917, 0.0], [917, 1485, 0.0], [1485, 1779, 0.0], [1779, 2760, 0.0], [2760, 2872, 0.0], [2872, 2947, 0.0], [2947, 3022, 0.0], [3022, 3079, 0.0], [3079, 3194, 0.0], [3194, 3361, 0.0], [3361, 3420, 0.0], [3420, 3467, 0.0], [3467, 3768, 0.0], [3768, 3797, 0.0], [3797, 3935, 0.0], [3935, 3969, 0.0], [3969, 4369, 0.0], [4369, 4436, 0.0], [4436, 4476, 0.0], [4476, 4865, 0.0], [4865, 4931, 0.0], [4931, 4963, 0.0], [4963, 5673, 0.0], [5673, 5722, 0.0], [5722, 5765, 0.0], [5765, 6299, 0.0], [6299, 6373, 0.0], [6373, 6413, 0.0], [6413, 7001, 0.0], [7001, 7051, 0.0], [7051, 7129, 0.0], [7129, 7912, 0.0], [7912, 7974, 0.0], [7974, 8032, 0.0], [8032, 8106, 0.0], [8106, 8936, 0.0], [8936, 8980, 0.0], [8980, 9466, 0.0], [9466, 9580, 0.0], [9580, 9615, 0.0], [9615, 10096, 0.0], [10096, 10138, 0.0], [10138, 10425, 0.0], [10425, 10469, 0.0], [10469, 10759, 0.0], [10759, 10841, 0.0], [10841, 10871, 0.0], [10871, 11009, 0.0], [11009, 11119, 0.0], [11119, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 12074, 0.0], [12074, 12185, 0.0], [12185, 12234, 0.0], [12234, 12318, 0.0], [12318, 12355, 0.0], [12355, 12394, 0.0], [12394, 12467, 0.0], [12467, 12518, 0.0], [12518, 13424, 0.0], [13424, 13468, 0.0], [13468, 14093, 0.0], [14093, 14142, 0.0], [14142, 15223, 0.0], [15223, 15270, 0.0], [15270, 15680, 0.0], [15680, 15727, 0.0], [15727, 16187, 0.0], [16187, 16231, 0.0], [16231, 16799, 0.0], [16799, 16813, 0.0], [16813, 16858, 0.0], [16858, 17589, 0.0], [17589, 17638, 0.0], [17638, 18057, 0.0], [18057, 18108, 0.0], [18108, 18441, 0.0], [18441, 18489, 0.0], [18489, 18531, 0.0], [18531, 18572, 0.0], [18572, 19111, 0.0], [19111, 19162, 0.0], [19162, 19220, 0.0], [19220, 19715, 0.0], [19715, 19771, 0.0], [19771, 19815, 0.0], [19815, 20370, 0.0], [20370, 20424, 0.0], [20424, 20468, 0.0], [20468, 20722, 0.0], [20722, 20777, 0.0], [20777, 20817, 0.0], [20817, 21319, 0.0], [21319, 21360, 0.0], [21360, 21753, 0.0], [21753, 21804, 0.0], [21804, 21846, 0.0], [21846, 22382, 0.0], [22382, 22434, 0.0], [22434, 22480, 0.0], [22480, 23050, 0.0], [23050, 23106, 0.0], [23106, 23438, 0.0], [23438, 23477, 0.0], [23477, 23530, 0.0], [23530, 23707, 0.0], [23707, 23773, 0.0], [23773, 23809, 0.0], [23809, 24046, 0.0], [24046, 24157, 0.0], [24157, 24191, 0.0], [24191, 24806, 0.0], [24806, 25417, 0.0], [25417, 25448, 0.0], [25448, 25476, 0.0], [25476, 25509, 0.0], [25509, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25632, 0.0], [25632, 25799, 0.0], [25799, 25836, 0.0], [25836, 26372, 0.0], [26372, 26420, 0.0], [26420, 26481, 0.0], [26481, 26837, 0.0], [26837, 26903, 0.0], [26903, 26939, 0.0], [26939, 27472, 0.0], [27472, 27519, 0.0], [27519, 27559, 0.0], [27559, 28045, 0.0], [28045, 28096, 0.0], [28096, 28136, 0.0], [28136, 28510, 0.0], [28510, 28561, 0.0], [28561, 28598, 0.0], [28598, 29155, 0.0], [29155, 29203, 0.0], [29203, 29241, 0.0], [29241, 29776, 0.0], [29776, 29825, 0.0], [29825, 29867, 0.0], [29867, 30116, 0.0], [30116, 30169, 0.0], [30169, 30208, 0.0], [30208, 30240, 0.0], [30240, 30469, 0.0], [30469, 30524, 0.0], [30524, 31040, 0.0], [31040, 31112, 0.0], [31112, 31172, 0.0], [31172, 31611, 0.0], [31611, 31707, 0.0], [31707, 31761, 0.0], [31761, 32276, 0.0], [32276, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32405, 0.0], [32405, 32940, 0.0], [32940, 33015, 0.0], [33015, 33073, 0.0], [33073, 33576, 0.0], [33576, 33651, 0.0], [33651, 33706, 0.0], [33706, 34021, 0.0], [34021, 34093, 0.0], [34093, 34149, 0.0], [34149, 34785, 0.0], [34785, 34858, 0.0], [34858, 34918, 0.0], [34918, 34995, 0.0], [34995, 35032, 0.0], [35032, 35071, 0.0], [35071, 35168, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 11, 0.27272727], [11, 24, 0.30769231], [24, 917, 0.03583427], [917, 1485, 0.03169014], [1485, 1779, 0.04081633], [1779, 2760, 0.04587156], [2760, 2872, 0.00892857], [2872, 2947, 0.01333333], [2947, 3022, 0.01333333], [3022, 3079, 0.01754386], [3079, 3194, 0.00869565], [3194, 3361, 0.00598802], [3361, 3420, 0.01694915], [3420, 3467, 0.12765957], [3467, 3768, 0.01993355], [3768, 3797, 0.17241379], [3797, 3935, 0.04347826], [3935, 3969, 0.14705882], [3969, 4369, 0.02], [4369, 4436, 0.02985075], [4436, 4476, 0.125], [4476, 4865, 0.00771208], [4865, 4931, 0.09090909], [4931, 4963, 0.15625], [4963, 5673, 0.0084507], [5673, 5722, 0.04081633], [5722, 5765, 0.11627907], [5765, 6299, 0.01310861], [6299, 6373, 0.09459459], [6373, 6413, 0.125], [6413, 7001, 0.01020408], [7001, 7051, 0.12], [7051, 7129, 0.16666667], [7129, 7912, 0.01915709], [7912, 7974, 0.12903226], [7974, 8032, 0.12068966], [8032, 8106, 0.16216216], [8106, 8936, 0.0060241], [8936, 8980, 0.18181818], [8980, 9466, 0.02263374], [9466, 9580, 0.11403509], [9580, 9615, 0.14285714], [9615, 10096, 0.01871102], [10096, 10138, 0.16666667], [10138, 10425, 0.02439024], [10425, 10469, 0.13636364], [10469, 10759, 0.02413793], [10759, 10841, 0.15853659], [10841, 10871, 0.16666667], [10871, 11009, 0.04347826], [11009, 11119, 0.11818182], [11119, 11166, 0.12765957], [11166, 12074, 0.00440529], [12074, 12185, 0.11711712], [12185, 12234, 0.14285714], [12234, 12318, 0.01190476], [12318, 12355, 0.13513514], [12355, 12394, 0.12820513], [12394, 12467, 0.02739726], [12467, 12518, 0.15686275], [12518, 13424, 0.01214128], [13424, 13468, 0.11363636], [13468, 14093, 0.0096], [14093, 14142, 0.12244898], [14142, 15223, 0.00462535], [15223, 15270, 0.10638298], [15270, 15680, 0.01219512], [15680, 15727, 0.10638298], [15727, 16187, 0.01304348], [16187, 16231, 0.11363636], [16231, 16799, 0.00880282], [16799, 16813, 0.21428571], [16813, 16858, 0.11111111], [16858, 17589, 0.00820793], [17589, 17638, 0.10204082], [17638, 18057, 0.0071599], [18057, 18108, 0.1372549], [18108, 18441, 0.00900901], [18441, 18489, 0.14583333], [18489, 18531, 0.16666667], [18531, 18572, 0.12195122], [18572, 19111, 0.01113173], [19111, 19162, 0.11764706], [19162, 19220, 0.13793103], [19220, 19715, 0.0020202], [19715, 19771, 0.125], [19771, 19815, 0.11363636], [19815, 20370, 0.01441441], [20370, 20424, 0.11111111], [20424, 20468, 0.11363636], [20468, 20722, 0.00393701], [20722, 20777, 0.10909091], [20777, 20817, 0.125], [20817, 21319, 0.0059761], [21319, 21360, 0.12195122], [21360, 21753, 0.01017812], [21753, 21804, 0.11764706], [21804, 21846, 0.11904762], [21846, 22382, 0.01119403], [22382, 22434, 0.11538462], [22434, 22480, 0.10869565], [22480, 23050, 0.00877193], [23050, 23106, 0.10714286], [23106, 23438, 0.00903614], [23438, 23477, 0.12820513], [23477, 23530, 0.13207547], [23530, 23707, 0.01129944], [23707, 23773, 0.01515152], [23773, 23809, 0.13888889], [23809, 24046, 0.00843882], [24046, 24157, 0.01801802], [24157, 24191, 0.14705882], [24191, 24806, 0.01138211], [24806, 25417, 0.00818331], [25417, 25448, 0.16129032], [25448, 25476, 0.28571429], [25476, 25509, 0.21212121], [25509, 25604, 0.01052632], [25604, 25632, 0.14285714], [25632, 25799, 0.10179641], [25799, 25836, 0.13513514], [25836, 26372, 0.01119403], [26372, 26420, 0.125], [26420, 26481, 0.14754098], [26481, 26837, 0.00280899], [26837, 26903, 0.13636364], [26903, 26939, 0.13888889], [26939, 27472, 0.01125704], [27472, 27519, 0.12765957], [27519, 27559, 0.125], [27559, 28045, 0.01028807], [28045, 28096, 0.11764706], [28096, 28136, 0.125], [28136, 28510, 0.0026738], [28510, 28561, 0.11764706], [28561, 28598, 0.13513514], [28598, 29155, 0.00897666], [29155, 29203, 0.125], [29203, 29241, 0.13157895], [29241, 29776, 0.01121495], [29776, 29825, 0.12244898], [29825, 29867, 0.11904762], [29867, 30116, 0.00803213], [30116, 30169, 0.11320755], [30169, 30208, 0.12820513], [30208, 30240, 0.125], [30240, 30469, 0.00436681], [30469, 30524, 0.10909091], [30524, 31040, 0.01356589], [31040, 31112, 0.08333333], [31112, 31172, 0.11666667], [31172, 31611, 0.0022779], [31611, 31707, 0.10416667], [31707, 31761, 0.11111111], [31761, 32276, 0.01359223], [32276, 32347, 0.08450704], [32347, 32405, 0.10344828], [32405, 32940, 0.00934579], [32940, 33015, 0.08], [33015, 33073, 0.10344828], [33073, 33576, 0.00198807], [33576, 33651, 0.08], [33651, 33706, 0.10909091], [33706, 34021, 0.00952381], [34021, 34093, 0.08333333], [34093, 34149, 0.10714286], [34149, 34785, 0.00943396], [34785, 34858, 0.08219178], [34858, 34918, 0.1], [34918, 34995, 0.07792208], [34995, 35032, 0.13513514], [35032, 35071, 0.12820513], [35071, 35168, 0.02061856]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 35168, 0.03272182]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 35168, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 35168, 0.19363892]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 35168, -1954.74447375]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 35168, -506.71615936]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 35168, -306.66332317]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 35168, 293.0]]} |
BIOL4333 - Replication, Recombination, and Repair
BIOL 4333 Replication, Recombination, and Repair (3 semester hours) A fundamental unifying principle of molecular biology, genetics, molecular medicine, and evolution is DNA metabolism. This course will provide an extensive overview of the mechanisms that control the processes of DNA repair, replication, and recombination. The most recent publications in these fields will be discussed in order to provide the students with a strong working knowledge of these processes. The course structure will consist of a mixture of faculty lectures and student literature presentations. Student evaluations will be based upon examinations, class participation, and the written and oral presentations. Prerequisites: (BIOL 3301 and BIOL 3302) and (BIOL 3361 or CHEM 3361) or their equivalents, or instructor consent required. (3-0) T | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1923 | {"url": "https://catalog.utdallas.edu/2013/undergraduate/courses/biol4333", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "catalog.utdallas.edu", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:02:09Z", "digest": "sha1:J4VHTLDT2VAICM24JGV2P6QHUYPPTIQI"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 873, 873.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 873, 7686.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 873, 2.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 873, 150.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 873, 0.87]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 873, 240.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 873, 0.28571429]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 873, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 873, 0.06666667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 873, 0.075]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 873, 0.09166667]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 873, 0.06493506]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 873, 0.24025974]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 873, 0.63709677]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 873, 5.80645161]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 873, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 873, 4.14209679]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 873, 124.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 50, 0.0], [50, 873, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 50, 0.0], [50, 873, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 50, 5.0], [50, 873, 119.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 50, 0.08888889], [50, 873, 0.02885822]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 50, 0.0], [50, 873, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 50, 0.14], [50, 873, 0.04374241]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 873, 0.18792409]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 873, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 873, 0.0008955]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 873, -36.56414141]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 873, -11.66012401]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 873, -1.79263159]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 873, 7.0]]} |
FTC v. Qualcomm: FTC Oversteps its Section 13(b) Authority . . . Again
On August 30, 2019, Cause of Action Institute (CoA) filed an amicus brief in the Ninth Circuit in support of Qualcomm in FTC v. Qualcomm, Inc., No. 19-16122. This unprecedented, highly controversial case of international importance represents FTC’s latest ultra vires attempt to expand its powers. It does so here by seeking to transmogrify an alleged breach of contract into an antitrust violation. A former FTC Commissioner, a current FTC Commissioner, the U.S. Department of Justice, numerous other federal agencies, a former Chief Judge of the Federal Circuit, leading antitrust scholars, and others all publicly oppose FTC’s wayward lawsuit against Qualcomm. Learn More
Media, Blog Learn More | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1924 | {"url": "https://causeofaction.org/tag/antitrust/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "causeofaction.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:08:01Z", "digest": "sha1:BTWEDQM2VKH4RWJKAXQEQL5HUGAWF4BZ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 768, 768.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 768, 1260.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 768, 3.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 768, 32.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 768, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 768, 274.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 768, 0.25324675]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 768, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 768, 0.01294498]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 768, 0.03883495]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 768, 0.06493506]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 768, 0.24025974]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 768, 0.73504274]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 768, 5.28205128]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 768, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 768, 4.31110121]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 768, 117.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 746, 0.0], [746, 768, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 746, 0.0], [746, 768, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 71, 10.0], [71, 746, 103.0], [746, 768, 4.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 71, 0.03333333], [71, 746, 0.01996928], [746, 768, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 746, 0.0], [746, 768, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 71, 0.15492958], [71, 746, 0.06518519], [746, 768, 0.18181818]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 768, 0.00561029]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 768, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 768, 0.45735264]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 768, -62.3798664]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 768, -3.54943887]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 768, -17.37112343]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 768, 12.0]]} |
› Home page news
› Museum of Military Medicine shares plans to join Cardiff Bay community
Museum of Military Medicine shares plans to join Cardiff Bay community
A museum looking to relocate to Cardiff Bay aims to bring the UK’s first 8k immersive interactive video space, in addition to the most comprehensive collection of archives and exhibitions documenting the legacy of British military medicine.
The Museum of Military Medicine, which is currently based in Surrey, will also use partnership programmes to develop new lifesaving medical techniques. The Museum explores developments in military medicine, including many that have gone on to be used in hospitals around the world to save lives and provide treatments that improve quality of life and wellbeing.
The Museum tells the story of military healthcare disciplines including medicine, nursing, dental, veterinary and allied health professions, from the civil war era to the current day. Those stories are told though exhibitions, archives and collections that incorporate over 30,000 objects that preserve the heritage of those who have saved lives through service.
A move to Cardiff will also see the Museum engage with the Cardiff Bay community, creating new exhibitions that reflect the history, diversity and culture of Tiger Bay and Butetown in relation to military medicine to ensure the heritage of the area and Wales is a prominent feature of the Museum.
Cardiff’s historical connections to military medicine include the Royal Hamadryad Hospital and before that, HMS Hamadryad, a hospital ship that first docked in Cardiff Bay in 1866. The Museum will gather stories from around Wales, like that of the 130th St John Field Ambulance, a unit that saw trained rescue and ambulance teams from the South Wales coal fields travel to France to save lives in the First World War.
Cardiff and Wales’ links to military medicine continue today with the likes of 203 Field Hospital which is headquartered in Cardiff and has detachments across Wales with many of Cardiff and Vale NHS staff becoming Reservists who deploy overseas.
These historical and current connections are just one of the reasons Cardiff stood out and was selected from the Museum’s national search for a new location. Other key factors included Wales’ thriving life sciences sector and Cardiff’s proximity to several major universities and teaching hospitals that will be key planned partnerships that aim to drive future medical advancements.
Jason Semmens, Director of the Museum of Military Medicine said: “Our decision to bring the Museum of Military Medicine to Wales saw us consider several locations across the UK and Cardiff clearly stood out from all others. Wales’ has a legacy of medical innovation that continues today, Welsh universities are leaders in medical training, and Cardiff Bay’s specific links to military medicine reveal stories that should be told.
“We have always believed that the Museum must reflect the history and diversity of the local community. In addition to providing a new venue for Wales to tell its own stories, the Museum is committed to ensuring the heritage of Cardiff Bay and Wales features heavily.
“We have already commissioned a report from a Cardiff Bay charity that is working to organise an archive of photographs, oral history recordings and other material relating to the culture and history of Butetown, Tiger Bay and Cardiff Docks, that will form the basis of displays within the Museum. But this is just a starting point, we know there are many more stories to tell and we welcome the opportunity for the community to work with us to help ensure this is done correctly.
“We want to work with local residents, schools and businesses to make sure that the community helps shape our plans, which will include meeting with individuals and groups directly, once the easing of current restrictions allow.”
In addition to learning from the past, this Museum will work to drive new healthcare innovations and is already in talks with Welsh health organisations and universities to help root those developments and deliver new services in Cardiff Bay.
One of the aims for the Museum will be to feature an 8k immersive interactive video attraction, Deep Space. This will be the first time this technology has been used in the UK and in addition to creating a new attraction for the Bay’s established tourism sector, this space will be made available for medical training and the development of new medical technologies.
Pioneered at the Museum of the Future in Linz, Austria, the large-scale projection technology offers visuals in 2D or 3D in 8K resolution. It is used in medical lectures to allow doctors and students to explore the details of the human body by projecting complex images of bones and organs. At the Museum of the Future, the facility has also been used to broadcast live surgery, with the audience able to follow steps of a surgical procedure in close detail.
The Museum has already entered discussions with Health Boards and universities within Wales to develop partnerships that can lead to new innovations and programmes that will serve people in Wales and beyond.
There are early stage plans to develop a veterans’ out-patient clinic within the Museum building in partnership with Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and alongside Veterans’ NHS Wales. The plans are being led by Director and Consultant Clinical Lead, Dr Neil Kitchiner, at Cardiff and Vale University Health Board. This would be a space for veterans suffering with service-related mental health diagnoses such as anxiety and depression and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) to receive evidenced based treatment and rehabilitation and linked to other veteran specific charities. It is hoped that services, such as art therapy, delivered at the Museum could also be made accessible to residents in Cardiff and the locality.
Fiona Jenkins, Executive Director of Therapies and Health Science and Armed Forces Champion at Cardiff and Vale University Health Board said: “We are delighted to welcome the Museum of Military Medicine to Wales, especially in the heart of the capital city and within reach of one of the largest hospitals in the UK.
“The Health Board’s commitment to the Armed Forces has recently been highlighted with a Gold Armed Forces Covenant Employer Recognition award.
“Many of our staff are Reservists and are part of 203 Field Hospital. The Museum will show how healthcare and the Military have worked together in the past to shape cutting-edge treatments for the future.”
The Museum is also in discussion with the Museum of Army Music with a view to merging its collections at the proposed Cardiff facility. The combined collection would tell the story of the evolution of military health and music and how both have played a major role in civil society and in particular the life of service personnel and their families around the world.
Credit: Scott Brownrigg
The proposed four-storey Museum at Cardiff Bay’s Britannia Quay has been designed by the Cardiff-studio of internationally renowned architects, Scott Brownrigg, to reflect Cardiff Bay’s cultural and industrial heritage as a port and industrial area. The proposed design was shortlisted for a World Architecture Festival award and named by The Times as “one of the future buildings to visit” in its Top 21 Visitor Destinations in the World list.
Situated on the water’s edge of Britannia Park, the ground floor is approximately 90 per cent transparent, maintaining a view of the dockside. The Museum will also provide a café, shop, public toilets, a reading room, research facilities and an auditorium, which will be open for the community to use. The majority of the facility - 80 per cent – will sit on existing rough stone or hard landscaped land on the site of the previous Cardiff Bay Visitors Centre, The Tube.
Neil MacOmish, Board Director at Scott Brownrigg said: “The design of the building has been carefully considered to fit within the current landscape of Cardiff Bay. The architecture is a contemporary expression of the modern museum, research and visitor facility and evokes memories of the industrial and maritime heritage of this particular part of the Bay. The visually transparent and physically permeable element of the building draws visitors in and allows events to migrate out, creating a positive amenity to the park and the immediate community.”
Jason Semmens adds: “Our goal is to create a national venue that will benefit its local community as we work with educators, healthcare providers and those creating lifesaving technologies that will support future lifesaving innovations. The Museum will become a centre for new educational programmes, which fosters research partnerships and create in Cardiff Bay an institution that demonstrates Wales’ place at the forefront of UK innovation in healthcare.”
Plans for the proposed Museum at Cardiff Bay’s Britannia Park have been submitted to Cardiff Council Planning Department and are awaiting a decision. The proposals will be reported to a Planning Committee in the coming months and subject to the Council’s approval, the Museum has said it will continue to engage with the local community to gain further feedback and input on how the facility can best serve Cardiff, Wales and the UK.
For media enquiries please contact Bethan Jones at Working Word on [email protected] | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1925 | {"url": "https://cavuhb.nhs.wales/news/home-page-news/museum-of-military-medicine-shares-plans-to-join-cardiff-bay-community/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cavuhb.nhs.wales", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:08:07Z", "digest": "sha1:36IUHLIRY44T34GOOZJP57W74KKJIXWW"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 9411, 9411.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 9411, 11087.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 9411, 30.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 9411, 79.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 9411, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 9411, 223.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 9411, 0.40307329]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 9411, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 9411, 0.01543805]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 9411, 0.05827866]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 9411, 0.04386981]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 9411, 0.03370642]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 9411, 0.01543805]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 9411, 0.01543805]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 9411, 0.0277885]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 9411, 0.00990609]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 9411, 0.01852567]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 9411, 0.00886525]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 9411, 0.0963357]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 9411, 0.3792876]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 9411, 5.12730871]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 9411, 5.42016419]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 9411, 1516.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 17, 0.0], [17, 90, 0.0], [90, 161, 0.0], [161, 402, 1.0], [402, 764, 1.0], [764, 1127, 1.0], [1127, 1424, 1.0], [1424, 1842, 1.0], [1842, 2088, 1.0], [2088, 2472, 1.0], [2472, 2902, 1.0], [2902, 3170, 1.0], [3170, 3651, 1.0], [3651, 3881, 1.0], [3881, 4124, 1.0], [4124, 4491, 1.0], [4491, 4950, 1.0], [4950, 5158, 1.0], [5158, 5892, 1.0], [5892, 6209, 1.0], [6209, 6352, 1.0], [6352, 6558, 1.0], [6558, 6925, 1.0], [6925, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 7394, 1.0], [7394, 7865, 1.0], [7865, 8420, 1.0], [8420, 8880, 1.0], [8880, 9314, 1.0], [9314, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 17, 0.0], [17, 90, 0.0], [90, 161, 0.0], [161, 402, 0.0], [402, 764, 0.0], [764, 1127, 0.0], [1127, 1424, 0.0], [1424, 1842, 0.0], [1842, 2088, 0.0], [2088, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2902, 0.0], [2902, 3170, 0.0], [3170, 3651, 0.0], [3651, 3881, 0.0], [3881, 4124, 0.0], [4124, 4491, 0.0], [4491, 4950, 0.0], [4950, 5158, 0.0], [5158, 5892, 0.0], [5892, 6209, 0.0], [6209, 6352, 0.0], [6352, 6558, 0.0], [6558, 6925, 0.0], [6925, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 7394, 0.0], [7394, 7865, 0.0], [7865, 8420, 0.0], [8420, 8880, 0.0], [8880, 9314, 0.0], [9314, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 17, 4.0], [17, 90, 12.0], [90, 161, 11.0], [161, 402, 37.0], [402, 764, 56.0], [764, 1127, 53.0], [1127, 1424, 51.0], [1424, 1842, 70.0], [1842, 2088, 39.0], [2088, 2472, 58.0], [2472, 2902, 68.0], [2902, 3170, 46.0], [3170, 3651, 84.0], [3651, 3881, 36.0], [3881, 4124, 39.0], [4124, 4491, 63.0], [4491, 4950, 80.0], [4950, 5158, 32.0], [5158, 5892, 112.0], [5892, 6209, 53.0], [6209, 6352, 21.0], [6352, 6558, 35.0], [6558, 6925, 64.0], [6925, 6949, 3.0], [6949, 7394, 69.0], [7394, 7865, 81.0], [7865, 8420, 86.0], [8420, 8880, 68.0], [8880, 9314, 73.0], [9314, 9411, 12.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 17, 0.0], [17, 90, 0.0], [90, 161, 0.0], [161, 402, 0.00420168], [402, 764, 0.0], [764, 1127, 0.01412429], [1127, 1424, 0.0], [1424, 1842, 0.01703163], [1842, 2088, 0.01229508], [2088, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2902, 0.0], [2902, 3170, 0.0], [3170, 3651, 0.0], [3651, 3881, 0.0], [3881, 4124, 0.0], [4124, 4491, 0.00276243], [4491, 4950, 0.00666667], [4950, 5158, 0.0], [5158, 5892, 0.0], [5892, 6209, 0.0], [6209, 6352, 0.0], [6352, 6558, 0.01485149], [6558, 6925, 0.0], [6925, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 7394, 0.00456621], [7394, 7865, 0.00873362], [7865, 8420, 0.0], [8420, 8880, 0.0], [8880, 9314, 0.0], [9314, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 17, 0.0], [17, 90, 0.0], [90, 161, 0.0], [161, 402, 0.0], [402, 764, 0.0], [764, 1127, 0.0], [1127, 1424, 0.0], [1424, 1842, 0.0], [1842, 2088, 0.0], [2088, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2902, 0.0], [2902, 3170, 0.0], [3170, 3651, 0.0], [3651, 3881, 0.0], [3881, 4124, 0.0], [4124, 4491, 0.0], [4491, 4950, 0.0], [4950, 5158, 0.0], [5158, 5892, 0.0], [5892, 6209, 0.0], [6209, 6352, 0.0], [6352, 6558, 0.0], [6558, 6925, 0.0], [6925, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 7394, 0.0], [7394, 7865, 0.0], [7865, 8420, 0.0], [8420, 8880, 0.0], [8880, 9314, 0.0], [9314, 9411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 17, 0.05882353], [17, 90, 0.06849315], [90, 161, 0.07042254], [161, 402, 0.02489627], [402, 764, 0.01933702], [764, 1127, 0.00826446], [1127, 1424, 0.03367003], [1424, 1842, 0.05502392], [1842, 2088, 0.04878049], [2088, 2472, 0.015625], [2472, 2902, 0.04186047], [2902, 3170, 0.02985075], [3170, 3651, 0.02079002], [3651, 3881, 0.00434783], [3881, 4124, 0.02057613], [4124, 4491, 0.02179837], [4491, 4950, 0.02614379], [4950, 5158, 0.02884615], [5158, 5892, 0.04495913], [5892, 6209, 0.06940063], [6209, 6352, 0.07692308], [6352, 6558, 0.03398058], [6558, 6925, 0.01907357], [6925, 6949, 0.125], [6949, 7394, 0.04719101], [7394, 7865, 0.02547771], [7865, 8420, 0.02342342], [8420, 8880, 0.02173913], [8880, 9314, 0.0437788], [9314, 9411, 0.05154639]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 9411, 0.5033232]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 9411, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 9411, 0.96341133]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 9411, -335.07736198]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 9411, 223.83858407]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 9411, 33.86690199]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 9411, 51.0]]} |
ICC Cricket World Cup 2023 – Dates, Venue, Teams
The ICC World Cup is the biggest event in the world of cricket, attracting fans and players from all over the globe. The tournament, held once every four years, features the best teams from around the world competing for the title of world champion. The 2023 edition of the tournament promises to be one of … Read more
Categories Latest News, Sports News Tags ICC Cricket World Cup 2023, ICC World Cup Leave a comment | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1926 | {"url": "https://cbdehuroad.org/tag/icc-world-cup/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cbdehuroad.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:22:13Z", "digest": "sha1:GIUMOVSAPE7Q6LBOFXNILNS6LGKK2DP7"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 466, 466.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 466, 1844.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 466, 3.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 466, 62.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 466, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 466, 118.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 466, 0.31182796]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 466, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 466, 0.11764706]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 466, 0.0855615]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 466, 0.0802139]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 466, 0.09625668]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 466, 0.04301075]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 466, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 466, 0.15053763]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 466, 0.61904762]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 466, 4.45238095]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 466, 0.01075269]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 466, 3.65201197]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 466, 84.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 49, 0.0], [49, 368, 0.0], [368, 466, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 49, 0.0], [49, 368, 0.0], [368, 466, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 49, 9.0], [49, 368, 58.0], [368, 466, 17.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 49, 0.08695652], [49, 368, 0.01277955], [368, 466, 0.04166667]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 49, 0.0], [49, 368, 0.0], [368, 466, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 49, 0.18367347], [49, 368, 0.02821317], [368, 466, 0.18367347]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 466, 0.00064832]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 466, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 466, 0.87544727]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 466, -22.77513555]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 466, 9.59745541]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 466, 20.39333603]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 466, 3.0]]} |
Cohabitation: Good or Bad?
with Glenn Stanton | June 18, 2015
Glenn Stanton, a leading spokesperson on marriage and family issues, talks about the growing trend of cohabitation and the downside to cohabitating that no one will tell you about.
Cohabitation has become a prerequisite for nearly 50% of marriages today. Is this trial and error living arrangement good or bad for marriage? Glenn Stanton, a leading spokesperson on marriage and family issues, talks about the growing trend of cohabitation and the downside to cohabitating that no one will tell you about.
Glenn Stanton
GLENN T. STANTON is the director of Family Formation Studies at Focus on the Family. He debates and lectures extensively on the issues of gender, sexuality, marriage and parenting at universities and churches around the world. Stanton also served the George W. Bush administration for many years as a consultant on increasing fatherhood involvement in the Head Start program. Stanton is the author of eight books on marriage and families and a regular columnist for various blogs. He is also the c...more
With Glenn Stanton
Bob: When you move in together / live together outside of marriage, Glenn Stanton says you start to learn some patterns that will not serve you well in the future.
Glenn: The cohabitating relationship is, qualitatively, a different kind of relationship than a marriage relationship. What it is—is a couple coming together and negotiating under the terms of lack of total commitment. You’re learning to build your relationship with that holding back, if you will—you know, you’ve still got cards behind your back, basically. The sociologists are telling us that cohabiting couples learn—they learn the behavior of negotiating in less healthy ways.
Bob: This is FamilyLife Today for Thursday, June 18th. Our host is the President of FamilyLife®, Dennis Rainey, and I'm Bob Lepine. If you want to be happily married someday, forever and ever, moving in together is a bad idea. We’ll explain why today. Stay tuned.
And welcome to FamilyLife Today. Thanks for joining us. You know, I got all excited when I saw what we were going to be talking about today. I saw the title of the book and I thought, “Cool!—going to get to talk about The Lord of the Rings—I have always wanted to do! The Ring Makes All the Difference—I’m thinking: “This is about Frodo. Cool!” [Laughter]
Dennis: I’m glad you used that as an illustration and didn’t say, “I thought we were going to talk about the circus.” [Laughter]
Bob: The circus?!
Glenn: Oh, the ring—yes! There you go.
Dennis: Well, we do have the author of the book, The Ring Makes All the Difference. Glenn Stanton joins us again on FamilyLifeToday. Glenn, welcome back.
Glenn: Thank you. It’s good to be with you.
Dennis: Glenn works with Focus on the Family® in Colorado Springs, where he and his wife and their five children live. He’s a researcher/debater, and he’s a passionate follower of Christ who is a champion for commitment in marriages that go the distance.
Bob: You don’t think Tolkien was trying to make a statement—“throw the ring in Mordor”—he wasn’t trying to get rid of marriage with that?
Glenn: No, not at all.
Bob: Just making sure.
Glenn: I do think he was trying to piggyback on the fame of this book. [Laughter]
Dennis: Oh, that’s where you’re going! I was watching that; and I was going, “Where is he going to take that?”
Glenn: The fact that it was 40 years earlier is of no consequence to me.
Bob: It was a premonition on his part.
Dennis: We are talking about the prevalence of cohabitation in our culture. I want you to just quickly give a few statistics of how prevalent it is. Then, I want you to talk about the Christian community—
Glenn: Yes.
Dennis: —how are we doing in terms of cohabiting?
Dennis: I have a great story I want to tell you of a church that addressed the issue.
So, back to the big picture: “How prevalent is cohabitation today?”
Glenn: Well, it has grown anywhere from 15- to 17-fold since 1960. Twenty-five percent of women today are living with somebody. An additional 25 percent have lived with somebody in the recent past. Nearly 60 percent—
Dennis: Hold it! You said 50 percent of women are either in a cohabiting relationship today—
Glenn: —or have been in the past.
Dennis: I have to tell you—I think I live in a bubble! There are some of our listeners going to go: “Oh my goodness. [Sounding like an old woman] He’s down there in the hills of Arkansas. Bless his heart, back there.”
Glenn: But that does go to your other question—is that, I mean—the other point is that 60 percent of marriages today are preceded by some form of cohabitation—that is, the great majority of couples marrying today have lived together before—but sociologists will tell you that people with a serious religious conviction are significantly less likely to cohabit.
We’ve got far too many young people cohabiting in the church today, but it is not similar that the cohabitation rate is as similar in the church as it is in the world. Just like—and I wish that all pastors would know this—the divorce rate is not as similar in the church as it is in the world.
Bob: So that statistic—that’s kind of been batted around that says—
Glenn: Absolutely; completely false.
Bob: —“But the statistic says that more people who are Christians have been divorced than people who are non-Christians.”
Glenn: It’s just not true.
Bob: Well, what’s true?
Glenn: What’s true, first of all, is—for people who really do take their faith seriously, there is a significant drop in risk of divorce. What they mean by that is—and it’s not just Christians / but people who go to church or religious services, not every Sunday, but more Sundays out of the month than not, read religious texts together / the Bible, pray together—their risk of divorce is dramatically lower than people in the general population. We need to know that faith really does make a difference in our lives and in relationships.
Bob: Casual church-going or casual church membership doesn’t make the difference?
Glenn: See, that’s the point. Okay: “Have your name on a church roll? Guess what? It makes no difference whatsoever.” I mean, that’s not shocking.
Dennis: I want to go back to my illustration about how prevalent this is in the Christian community.
Dennis: This is by no way any kind of a measurement of the overall problem; but I’m in a mentoring relationship with a man in Dallas, who heads up a church of over 3,500 people. He was doing a series on being single. He decided, at the end of the series, he would make the offer to the singles, who were cohabiting—he said: “I would like to invite you out of your cohabiting relationship into marriage. What the church is willing to do—I’ve cleared it with the elder board of the church—we’re willing to pay for the wedding, with three weeks of marriage preparation.
“We’ll provide the rings, the tux, and the wedding gown. We’ll provide the flowers around the wedding, but I want you to meet me here this afternoon.” I think it was 4:00 or something in the afternoon—ultimately, 20 couples came forward. He said, “Here was the interesting thing.” He said, “They were all ages.”
Glenn: Wow!
Dennis: You would think they would be under 35/40—somewhere in there.
Glenn: Exactly!
Dennis: That would be my guess, in there.
Dennis: He said: “No; no. We had young ones living together—all the way into their 60s.”
Dennis: And I loved his approach, Glenn, because he didn’t point a bony finger at the audience and say, “You wretched, dirty sinners out there,” which we all are.
Glenn: Right.
Dennis: We all have our issues; okay? But he uplifted marriage for singles; and he said, “The church believes in marriage so much, we’re going to put our money where our mouth is.”
Bob: Glenn, I was at one of our Weekend to Remember®marriage getaways. We do some breakouts for singles during the getaway to talk about getting ready for marriage, and “How do you know if this is the right one?” and “How can you work this out?” My friend was doing the speaking, and I was in the back of the room. He was making the case that: “It’s not a good idea to live together / to have sex together. You should keep the relationship pure.”
This guy raised his hand and said, “I’ve got a question.” He said: “We have a 2-year-old. We’re planning on getting married in December,”—this was in May—“We’re planning on getting married in December; but we’re living together, and we’ve got a 2-year-old. Are you suggesting that I should move out until December?” Before I tell you how he answered the question, what would you have said?
Glenn: Yes. That’s an interesting thing; and that’s the other point—is we see cohabitation, not just for the transitional college-age students.
Dennis: Oh, yes; yes.
Glenn: You know, people are having kids in these relationships—they’re like the couple down the street. I would say, in this sense, that: “Yes, you’ve got a child together; but there would be something really wonderful to separate for a while / be separated, with the plan of coming together. Your coming together in marriage is going to be more precious / more valuable. You, sir, are making a comment about the woman in your life to say, ‘I want to do what’s right by you.’ She’s going to appreciate that. That’s going to do so much for her heart—to be the dignified guy / the valiant guy, to say, ‘Okay, I want to start over now.’ Yes, okay; the water has been muddied up a bit, but you know what? You can start over—not completely over—but you can make that movement to say, ‘I want to do it right from here on out.’”
Bob: That’s a great answer. My friend said, “Yes, you ought to move out; but I’d hurry up the wedding date.”
Glenn: Exactly.
Bob: “Why wait until December?” “Well, that’s the only time the family can get together.” He said, “You go ahead and get married, and then get the family together in December and have some kind of a party.”
Glenn: Absolutely.
Bob: Yes: “Move out—have there be a time of separation—and then get back together.”
Glenn: Exactly. The little space-time is very good—let the dust settle a little bit there.
Dennis: The only thing I would add to what our speaker counseled this couple would be to say: “You know what? Move out. Get someone to mentor you immediately into preparing to turn this relationship into a marriage. Go through our marriage preparation material. Establish a mentoring relationship now, move the wedding date up, and then have that same mentoring couple walk them through the first 12, 18, 24 months of their marriage because just saying, ‘I do,’ and getting committed to one another is not going to solve all the issues you’ve created, just because you’ve made a commitment.”
Bob: Talk about that because I’m sitting here thinking, “If I’m a guy, and we had been living together, and it’s been going okay—we get along / we’re doing alright. Yes, we’re going to get married; and we’re looking forward to that,”—I’m thinking, “What’s the big whoop?”
Bob: “Okay—yes, we’re going to get legal, and we’re going to get a piece of paper; but it’s basically going to be the same thing it’s been”; right?
Glenn: No, absolutely not. That’s the point, Dennis, that the sociologists are finding out—that a cohabiting relationship is, qualitatively, a different kind of relationship than a marriage relationship. What it is—is a couple coming together and negotiating, under the terms of, “He’s still holding stuff under the table,” and “She’s still holding stuff under the table.” It’s lack of total commitment. You’re learning to build your relationship with that holding back, if you will. You’ve still got cards behind your back, basically.
The sociologists are telling us that cohabiting couples learn—they learn the behavior of negotiating in less healthy ways / more destructive ways.
That’s the thing—it’s not just, “Okay, let’s put rings into the situation,” but “We’ve got to relearn how we’re negotiating with each other / how we’re dealing with one another.” That’s very, very wise information.
Dennis: Genesis, Chapter 2, verse 24 says: “Therefore, a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh. And the man and his wife were both naked and were not ashamed.” There’s the process the Bible places.
Dennis: You leave father and mother, you cleave—you make a commitment / you become one—and then you get involved in the process of nakedness, which is transparency/intimacy.
Glenn: —vulnerability.
Dennis: It’s not achieved on the wedding night.
Dennis: It’s a process of getting to know another person and creating the safety. This is what drives me crazy for cohabiting couples—I wonder how two people work out a relationship, where there aren’t walls built around that relationship that are based on a promise?
Dennis: Even the shakiness of the promise / of the covenant that, “I take you for the rest of my life,”—that’s shaky enough, just to make good on that—but to work out the relationship without a promise?
Glenn: Yes, yes.
Dennis: It is like, “How does that work?” You’ve just said, “It doesn’t work.”
Glenn: It doesn’t work.
Dennis: It gets real dysfunctional and lots of bad habits that carry over into the marriage relationship.
Glenn: It is interesting, Dennis and Bob. That verse—it’s funny—when I sign books—that’s the verse that I write in there because that’s what this book is about. The husband shall leave his mother and father. What that means is—literally, leave mother and father—but it means leave all other relationships that are important to you and focus on this one, which is your wife, and cleave to her. The King James says, “cleave”; others, “cling to / hold fast to.” “She’s the only game in town now,”—that is what marriage is about.
This book is the social science explanation of what God is saying in that truth.
Every one of these sociologists and psychiatrists are saying: “You know what? Yes—leaving and cleaving—saying, ‘No,’ to everybody else and clinging to that one person benefits you, it benefits your children, it benefits society, and it benefits the relationship.”
Bob: You titled your book The Ring Makes All the Difference; and obviously, it’s not the ring that makes the difference.
Glenn: Right. The ring is a symbol.
Bob: Is it essentially the commitment to one another / that unconditional commitment; or is there more to it than just, “I’m fully committed to you—legally bound in my commitment to you”; or is there something more than that that makes a difference?
Glenn: It really is largely that commitment and the clarity that comes with the commitment. This is an interesting point that’s more a part of the research itself. The scholars are finding out that—and this isn’t Christian orthodoxy per se—but when couples move in together after the engagement, they do not tend to show the kind of negative consequences that pre-engagement couples do.
That is not because post-engagement co-habitation is just fine, but what it means is—I like to say this: “When mother-in-law has ordered her wedding dress, when the cake’s being ordered, when the wedding hall has been rented, that guy is on the hook. Everybody knows what the nature of the relationship is.” It’s not right, morally; but it’s a different kind of relationship than the regular cohabiting relationship. That is because, in a sense, the promise has been made—it hasn’t been consummated or culminated yet—but it has been made there. The social scientists are telling us that: “Yes, that promise really does make the difference.” That is what the ring is a symbol of—this unending promise—that: “For good and for bad, I am going to commit myself to you.”
Bob: And the words of that promise that we say, in the traditional Christian wedding, “...for better or worse, richer or poorer, sickness or health, forsaking all others.”
I mean, we kind of go through this laundry list that most people think is just lovely poetry. No, we’re really signing away a lot when we say that stuff.
Glenn: It’s interesting—Erich Fromm, this secular thinker, wrote this wonderful thing—where he said, “The wedding vows are predicated on the expectation that things are not going to go well.” It’s not about, “I’m going to love you as long as I feel love for you.”
Dennis: Yes! [Laughing]
Glenn: It’s, “I’m going to love you, even when things turn south.” That’s the thing about marriage, and that’s why it’s a public institution. My father-in-law heard me make the promise. So, when I later on say: “You know what? I’m out of here.” “No, wait! You made the promise.” Our friends hear the promise. It’s this public declaration of: “Okay; we are separating ourselves now from everybody else, and we’re making ourselves into new kind of individuals, where we come together as one flesh. We are a new kind of entity, as a married couple.”
Dennis: The way you establish that new entity is by signing a pre-nuptial agreement. [Laughter]
Glenn: Exactly! That’s the same sort of thing of like, “Okay, I want to make sure that things work out in my best interest,” which poisons the relationship.
Dennis: That’s the pre-nup the culture wants you to sign. I’m talking about the only pre-nup to sign, which is a marriage covenant.
Dennis: What is a pre-nup but the terms of agreement for, “How we’re going to terminate this relationship”? The nature of the Christian marriage covenant—
Glenn: You know what? That’s an excellent point.
Dennis:—is a promise to another person, “I, Dennis, take you, Barbara. Here are the terms under which we will terminate this relationship—one or both of us will die.”
Dennis: “We’re sticking to this relationship.” Single people, who are getting ready to get married, and who are about to sign any other kind of pre-nup—
Dennis: —forget it! Toss the other pre-nups and come to the Weekend to Remember marriage getaway. At the end of the getaway, you know what you’ll receive? You will receive a hard copy of the marriage covenant.
I’m going to tell you—I’ve been all over the country, in a lot of people’s homes, because we’ve trained over two million people at the Weekend to Remember. A bunch of them have these covenants hanging up in their home. I’ve had some couples tell me—when they’ve had arguments, they’ve both stopped and pointed up at the covenant to say: “I’m in. I’m in. We may disagree. We may not be able to get this worked out right now, at this moment, but you know what? I’m not going anywhere.”
Dennis: To the single people that we’re talking to here today—this ought to scare you to death—all this stuff about cohabitation.
Dennis: I mean, if you can’t trust anyone before you get married, how are you going to trust them just because they say, “I do”? It needs to be built upon a discipline of two people, who build trust into one another’s lives, and then they make the most sacred pledge and promise two people ever make in a lifetime. They make it before Almighty God and they say, “Before God, I take you.”
Glenn: I’m not a big, big fan of arranged marriages; but there is a very important thing to—
Dennis: You will be by the time you get those five—[Laughter]
Bob: When those girls get older; yes.
Dennis: You will change your tune because I didn’t start out that way; but I thought, “If I could arrange this, this would be a whole lot better than this whole dating thing.”
Dennis: Go ahead though, Glenn—make your point.
Bob: Your girls did just fine on their own.
Dennis: They did just fine; but I’m talking about, in the midst of the dating deal, as it was occurring in the teenage years. It was like: “Oh, my goodness! This is not a good system right now.”
Glenn: Yes, you’re right; but it is this idea that we tend to leave the most important decision that people make in their life, after their decision for Christ—their marriage relationship is: “You know what, kids? It’s all up to you. You just decide what you think is best for you,”—whereas, for all other cultures—they consult the parents.
It’s not the parents’ decision, but it’s not that the parents don’t have any say in it. The parents, the extended family, the spiritual family around you—ask people: “Do you think this guy’s right for me?” “Do you think this gal is right for me?” Get the wisdom / get the insight—these people care for you / they love you.
I would say: “Consult the people around you—who have a little more wisdom, a little more experience with life, a little more experience with relationships—get their feedback on: ‘What do you think we need to work on? What do we need to be aware of? What do we need to be mindful of?’ rather than just saying, ‘Okay, it’s just about you kids, who have no experience in life whatsoever.’”
We need to make it more of a community sort of thing, which is exactly what marriage is. It’s exactly why we invite the community to our weddings.
Bob: I think we need more people, who understand the implications of cohabitation, because, again, the culture is saying, “Look, this is a great thing.”
Folks just need to understand: “No, if you look at it carefully, this is like a Fifth Avenue watch—not one they sell in a store—but the kind a guy has got under his coat—it looks good / looks really good, but buy it and see how long it lasts!”
Dennis: “It says it’s Rolex®”—[Laughter]
Bob: That’s right.
Glenn: “And they couldn’t say it if it wasn’t true.” [Laughter]
Dennis: That’s exactly right! I would say, coupled with that: “They need to understand the negative consequences of cohabiting; but they also need to understand the benefits of marriage, as God designed it in the Scripture. It is not the perfect institution because it’s made of two imperfect people.”
Dennis: “But that’s why the Bible was written—to help two imperfect people know how to live out, in relationship with their God, and with one another, and with their offspring for a lifetime.”
Bob: If folks want more information about the Weekend to Remember marriage getaway, we still have a couple of them going on this summer. Then, in the fall, we’ll kick off a full season of Weekend to Remember getaways. You can go to FamilyLifeToday.com.
Click the link in the upper left-hand corner of the screen that says, “GO DEEPER.” You’ll see information about the Weekend to Remember, along with information about the video event that we’ve put together called The Art of Marriage®. If there’s not a Weekend to Remember happening in a location near where you live, you can host your very own Art of Marriage Friday night/Saturday video conference. Invite friends and have a great focus on marriage in your church, in your neighborhood, in your community. Do it wherever it makes sense.
There’s information about the Weekend to Remember / there’s information about The Art of Marriage. And there’s information about Glenn Stanton’s book, which is called The Ring Makes All the Difference. You can order a copy of that book from us, online. Again, the website is FamilyLifeToday.com. You’ll get information about all of these things when you click the link in the upper left-hand corner of the screen that says, “GO DEEPER.” Or, if you’d prefer to order a copy of Glenn’s book by phone, the toll-free number is 1-800-358-6329; that’s 1-800-“F” as in family, “L” as in life, and then, the word, “TODAY.”
You know, one of the verses in the Bible that has always stuck with me—and I remember learning this Bible verse, back when I was in my twenties—Romans, Chapter 12, verses 1 and 2, where it says that we are to present our bodies as a “living sacrifice.” It’s our “spiritual service of worship to God.” But then, in verse two, it goes on to say we are “not to be conformed to this world, but to be transformed by the renewing of our minds.”
Here, at FamilyLife, our commitment is to hold up God’s Word / God’s truth about marriage and family. Wherever the culture is going, just to say, “Okay, that’s what the culture is telling you; but here’s what the Bible has been telling us for thousands of years.”
We want to thank those of you who partner with us in making this possible, either as
Legacy Partners / donating to the ministry each month or as folks who occasionally make a donation in support of this ministry. Maybe God has used FamilyLife Today in some significant way in your marriage and your family, and you’d like to make a donation today—you can do that. Go, online, to FamilyLifeToday.com. Click the link in the upper right-hand corner of the screen that says, “I CARE,” and make an online donation. Or call 1-800-FL-TODAY and make a donation over the phone. Or you can mail a donation to us at PO Box 7111, Little Rock, AR; and the zip code is 72223.
If you can help with a donation today of, at least, $50, we’d like to send you, as a thank-you gift, a book from Dennis Rainey for men called Stepping Up: A Call to Courageous Manhood, and a book for women from Nancy Leigh DeMoss and Mary Kassian called True Woman 201: Interior Design. Both books are our way of saying, “Thank you,” when you support the ministry today with a donation of, at least, $50.
Now, tomorrow, we’re going to talk about the whole issue of how cohabiting couples handle money. I mean: “What do you do if you move in together? Do you keep ‘my money’ / ‘your money’? How do you handle the groceries?” We’ll find out what most couples are doing and how that can be a challenge when we talk tomorrow to Glenn Stanton. I hope you can be here with us for that.
I want to thank our engineer today, Keith Lynch, along with our entire broadcast production team. On behalf of our host, Dennis Rainey, I'm Bob Lepine. We will see you tomorrow for another edition of FamilyLife Today.
Cohabitation’s Impact on the Family
with Glenn Stanton June 19, 2015
Cohabitation doesn't hurt anybody. Or does it? Researcher Glenn Stanton, talks about the cons of living together with the opposite sex without the benefit of marriage.
Cohabitation: The New Norm
Does living together reap the same benefits as marriage? Glenn Stanton, who has done extensive research on this topic, tells why cohabitation almost guarantees divorce. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1927 | {"url": "https://cdn2-www.familylife.com/podcast/familylife-today/cohabitation-good-or-bad/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cdn2-www.familylife.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:16:36Z", "digest": "sha1:ICEL7CJ72KROYVDS772JSSVKL75QASTX"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 26000, 26000.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 26000, 29933.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 26000, 138.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 26000, 286.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 26000, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 26000, 257.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 26000, 3.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 26000, 0.4521551]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 26000, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 26000, 0.06003297]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 26000, 0.09615944]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 26000, 0.08393948]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 26000, 0.06614295]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 26000, 0.06303947]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 26000, 0.06003297]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 26000, 0.00581903]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 26000, 0.00577054]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 26000, 0.00484919]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 26000, 0.01697454]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 26000, 0.20685638]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 26000, 0.25504994]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 26000, 4.57758047]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 26000, 0.00033283]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 26000, 5.8964449]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 26000, 4505.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 27, 1.0], [27, 62, 0.0], [62, 243, 1.0], [243, 567, 1.0], [567, 581, 0.0], [581, 1086, 0.0], [1086, 1105, 0.0], [1105, 1269, 1.0], [1269, 1752, 1.0], [1752, 2016, 1.0], [2016, 2372, 0.0], [2372, 2501, 0.0], [2501, 2519, 1.0], [2519, 2558, 1.0], [2558, 2712, 1.0], [2712, 2756, 1.0], [2756, 3011, 1.0], [3011, 3149, 1.0], [3149, 3172, 1.0], [3172, 3195, 1.0], [3195, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3388, 1.0], [3388, 3461, 1.0], [3461, 3500, 1.0], [3500, 3705, 0.0], [3705, 3717, 1.0], [3717, 3767, 1.0], [3767, 3853, 1.0], [3853, 3921, 1.0], [3921, 4138, 0.0], [4138, 4231, 0.0], [4231, 4265, 1.0], [4265, 4483, 1.0], [4483, 4844, 1.0], [4844, 5138, 1.0], [5138, 5206, 0.0], [5206, 5243, 1.0], [5243, 5365, 1.0], [5365, 5392, 1.0], [5392, 5416, 1.0], [5416, 5956, 1.0], [5956, 6038, 1.0], [6038, 6185, 1.0], [6185, 6286, 1.0], [6286, 6853, 1.0], [6853, 7165, 1.0], [7165, 7177, 1.0], [7177, 7247, 1.0], [7247, 7263, 1.0], [7263, 7305, 1.0], [7305, 7394, 1.0], [7394, 7557, 1.0], [7557, 7571, 1.0], [7571, 7752, 1.0], [7752, 8199, 1.0], [8199, 8589, 1.0], [8589, 8733, 1.0], [8733, 8755, 1.0], [8755, 9577, 1.0], [9577, 9686, 1.0], [9686, 9702, 1.0], [9702, 9909, 1.0], [9909, 9928, 1.0], [9928, 10012, 1.0], [10012, 10103, 1.0], [10103, 10695, 1.0], [10695, 10967, 1.0], [10967, 11115, 1.0], [11115, 11651, 1.0], [11651, 11798, 1.0], [11798, 12013, 1.0], [12013, 12274, 1.0], [12274, 12448, 1.0], [12448, 12471, 1.0], [12471, 12519, 1.0], [12519, 12787, 1.0], [12787, 12990, 1.0], [12990, 13007, 1.0], [13007, 13086, 1.0], [13086, 13110, 1.0], [13110, 13216, 1.0], [13216, 13742, 1.0], [13742, 13823, 1.0], [13823, 14087, 1.0], [14087, 14208, 1.0], [14208, 14244, 1.0], [14244, 14494, 1.0], [14494, 14881, 1.0], [14881, 15647, 1.0], [15647, 15819, 1.0], [15819, 15973, 1.0], [15973, 16237, 1.0], [16237, 16261, 0.0], [16261, 16808, 1.0], [16808, 16904, 0.0], [16904, 17061, 1.0], [17061, 17193, 1.0], [17193, 17348, 0.0], [17348, 17397, 1.0], [17397, 17564, 1.0], [17564, 17717, 0.0], [17717, 17927, 1.0], [17927, 18411, 1.0], [18411, 18541, 1.0], [18541, 18929, 1.0], [18929, 19022, 0.0], [19022, 19084, 0.0], [19084, 19122, 1.0], [19122, 19298, 1.0], [19298, 19346, 1.0], [19346, 19390, 1.0], [19390, 19585, 1.0], [19585, 19926, 1.0], [19926, 20249, 1.0], [20249, 20636, 1.0], [20636, 20783, 1.0], [20783, 20936, 1.0], [20936, 21180, 1.0], [21180, 21221, 0.0], [21221, 21240, 1.0], [21240, 21304, 0.0], [21304, 21606, 1.0], [21606, 21799, 1.0], [21799, 22052, 1.0], [22052, 22590, 1.0], [22590, 23205, 1.0], [23205, 23644, 1.0], [23644, 23908, 1.0], [23908, 23993, 0.0], [23993, 24570, 1.0], [24570, 24975, 1.0], [24975, 25350, 1.0], [25350, 25568, 1.0], [25568, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25637, 0.0], [25637, 25805, 1.0], [25805, 25832, 0.0], [25832, 26000, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 27, 0.0], [27, 62, 0.0], [62, 243, 0.0], [243, 567, 0.0], [567, 581, 0.0], [581, 1086, 0.0], [1086, 1105, 0.0], [1105, 1269, 0.0], [1269, 1752, 0.0], [1752, 2016, 0.0], [2016, 2372, 0.0], [2372, 2501, 0.0], [2501, 2519, 0.0], [2519, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2712, 0.0], [2712, 2756, 0.0], [2756, 3011, 0.0], [3011, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3172, 0.0], [3172, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3388, 0.0], [3388, 3461, 0.0], [3461, 3500, 0.0], [3500, 3705, 0.0], [3705, 3717, 0.0], [3717, 3767, 0.0], [3767, 3853, 0.0], [3853, 3921, 0.0], [3921, 4138, 0.0], [4138, 4231, 0.0], [4231, 4265, 0.0], [4265, 4483, 0.0], [4483, 4844, 0.0], [4844, 5138, 0.0], [5138, 5206, 0.0], [5206, 5243, 0.0], [5243, 5365, 0.0], [5365, 5392, 0.0], [5392, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5956, 0.0], [5956, 6038, 0.0], [6038, 6185, 0.0], [6185, 6286, 0.0], [6286, 6853, 0.0], [6853, 7165, 0.0], [7165, 7177, 0.0], [7177, 7247, 0.0], [7247, 7263, 0.0], [7263, 7305, 0.0], [7305, 7394, 0.0], [7394, 7557, 0.0], [7557, 7571, 0.0], [7571, 7752, 0.0], [7752, 8199, 0.0], [8199, 8589, 0.0], [8589, 8733, 0.0], [8733, 8755, 0.0], [8755, 9577, 0.0], [9577, 9686, 0.0], [9686, 9702, 0.0], [9702, 9909, 0.0], [9909, 9928, 0.0], [9928, 10012, 0.0], [10012, 10103, 0.0], [10103, 10695, 0.0], [10695, 10967, 0.0], [10967, 11115, 0.0], [11115, 11651, 0.0], [11651, 11798, 0.0], [11798, 12013, 0.0], [12013, 12274, 0.0], [12274, 12448, 0.0], [12448, 12471, 0.0], [12471, 12519, 0.0], [12519, 12787, 0.0], [12787, 12990, 0.0], [12990, 13007, 0.0], [13007, 13086, 0.0], [13086, 13110, 0.0], [13110, 13216, 0.0], [13216, 13742, 0.0], [13742, 13823, 0.0], [13823, 14087, 0.0], [14087, 14208, 0.0], [14208, 14244, 0.0], [14244, 14494, 0.0], [14494, 14881, 0.0], [14881, 15647, 0.0], [15647, 15819, 0.0], [15819, 15973, 0.0], [15973, 16237, 0.0], [16237, 16261, 0.0], [16261, 16808, 0.0], [16808, 16904, 0.0], [16904, 17061, 0.0], [17061, 17193, 0.0], [17193, 17348, 0.0], [17348, 17397, 0.0], [17397, 17564, 0.0], [17564, 17717, 0.0], [17717, 17927, 0.0], [17927, 18411, 0.0], [18411, 18541, 0.0], [18541, 18929, 0.0], [18929, 19022, 0.0], [19022, 19084, 0.0], [19084, 19122, 0.0], [19122, 19298, 0.0], [19298, 19346, 0.0], [19346, 19390, 0.0], [19390, 19585, 0.0], [19585, 19926, 0.0], [19926, 20249, 0.0], [20249, 20636, 0.0], [20636, 20783, 0.0], [20783, 20936, 0.0], [20936, 21180, 0.0], [21180, 21221, 0.0], [21221, 21240, 0.0], [21240, 21304, 0.0], [21304, 21606, 0.0], [21606, 21799, 0.0], [21799, 22052, 0.0], [22052, 22590, 0.0], [22590, 23205, 0.0], [23205, 23644, 0.0], [23644, 23908, 0.0], [23908, 23993, 0.0], [23993, 24570, 0.0], [24570, 24975, 0.0], [24975, 25350, 0.0], [25350, 25568, 0.0], [25568, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25637, 0.0], [25637, 25805, 0.0], [25805, 25832, 0.0], [25832, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 27, 4.0], [27, 62, 6.0], [62, 243, 29.0], [243, 567, 52.0], [567, 581, 2.0], [581, 1086, 82.0], [1086, 1105, 3.0], [1105, 1269, 29.0], [1269, 1752, 72.0], [1752, 2016, 46.0], [2016, 2372, 66.0], [2372, 2501, 23.0], [2501, 2519, 3.0], [2519, 2558, 7.0], [2558, 2712, 26.0], [2712, 2756, 9.0], [2756, 3011, 43.0], [3011, 3149, 24.0], [3149, 3172, 5.0], [3172, 3195, 4.0], [3195, 3277, 16.0], [3277, 3388, 21.0], [3388, 3461, 15.0], [3461, 3500, 8.0], [3500, 3705, 37.0], [3705, 3717, 2.0], [3717, 3767, 9.0], [3767, 3853, 18.0], [3853, 3921, 11.0], [3921, 4138, 36.0], [4138, 4231, 16.0], [4231, 4265, 7.0], [4265, 4483, 42.0], [4483, 4844, 57.0], [4844, 5138, 58.0], [5138, 5206, 11.0], [5206, 5243, 4.0], [5243, 5365, 19.0], [5365, 5392, 5.0], [5392, 5416, 4.0], [5416, 5956, 92.0], [5956, 6038, 11.0], [6038, 6185, 25.0], [6185, 6286, 18.0], [6286, 6853, 104.0], [6853, 7165, 54.0], [7165, 7177, 2.0], [7177, 7247, 11.0], [7247, 7263, 2.0], [7263, 7305, 8.0], [7305, 7394, 16.0], [7394, 7557, 29.0], [7557, 7571, 2.0], [7571, 7752, 33.0], [7752, 8199, 85.0], [8199, 8589, 66.0], [8589, 8733, 21.0], [8733, 8755, 4.0], [8755, 9577, 151.0], [9577, 9686, 21.0], [9686, 9702, 2.0], [9702, 9909, 38.0], [9909, 9928, 2.0], [9928, 10012, 14.0], [10012, 10103, 15.0], [10103, 10695, 100.0], [10695, 10967, 46.0], [10967, 11115, 28.0], [11115, 11651, 82.0], [11651, 11798, 21.0], [11798, 12013, 34.0], [12013, 12274, 48.0], [12274, 12448, 26.0], [12448, 12471, 2.0], [12471, 12519, 8.0], [12519, 12787, 45.0], [12787, 12990, 36.0], [12990, 13007, 3.0], [13007, 13086, 14.0], [13086, 13110, 4.0], [13110, 13216, 17.0], [13216, 13742, 90.0], [13742, 13823, 15.0], [13823, 14087, 39.0], [14087, 14208, 21.0], [14208, 14244, 7.0], [14244, 14494, 42.0], [14494, 14881, 63.0], [14881, 15647, 129.0], [15647, 15819, 28.0], [15819, 15973, 30.0], [15973, 16237, 45.0], [16237, 16261, 3.0], [16261, 16808, 96.0], [16808, 16904, 15.0], [16904, 17061, 28.0], [17061, 17193, 23.0], [17193, 17348, 25.0], [17348, 17397, 8.0], [17397, 17564, 28.0], [17564, 17717, 26.0], [17717, 17927, 37.0], [17927, 18411, 90.0], [18411, 18541, 21.0], [18541, 18929, 74.0], [18929, 19022, 18.0], [19022, 19084, 11.0], [19084, 19122, 7.0], [19122, 19298, 33.0], [19298, 19346, 7.0], [19346, 19390, 9.0], [19390, 19585, 38.0], [19585, 19926, 58.0], [19926, 20249, 58.0], [20249, 20636, 70.0], [20636, 20783, 28.0], [20783, 20936, 25.0], [20936, 21180, 48.0], [21180, 21221, 5.0], [21221, 21240, 3.0], [21240, 21304, 11.0], [21304, 21606, 49.0], [21606, 21799, 33.0], [21799, 22052, 44.0], [22052, 22590, 91.0], [22590, 23205, 103.0], [23205, 23644, 85.0], [23644, 23908, 46.0], [23908, 23993, 17.0], [23993, 24570, 103.0], [24570, 24975, 76.0], [24975, 25350, 72.0], [25350, 25568, 37.0], [25568, 25604, 5.0], [25604, 25637, 6.0], [25637, 25805, 26.0], [25805, 25832, 4.0], [25832, 26000, 25.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 27, 0.0], [27, 62, 0.19354839], [62, 243, 0.0], [243, 567, 0.00630915], [567, 581, 0.0], [581, 1086, 0.0], [1086, 1105, 0.0], [1105, 1269, 0.0], [1269, 1752, 0.0], [1752, 2016, 0.00796813], [2016, 2372, 0.0], [2372, 2501, 0.0], [2501, 2519, 0.0], [2519, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2712, 0.0], [2712, 2756, 0.0], [2756, 3011, 0.0], [3011, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3172, 0.0], [3172, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3388, 0.0], [3388, 3461, 0.02857143], [3461, 3500, 0.0], [3500, 3705, 0.0], [3705, 3717, 0.0], [3717, 3767, 0.0], [3767, 3853, 0.0], [3853, 3921, 0.0], [3921, 4138, 0.05769231], [4138, 4231, 0.02222222], [4231, 4265, 0.0], [4265, 4483, 0.0], [4483, 4844, 0.00561798], [4844, 5138, 0.0], [5138, 5206, 0.0], [5206, 5243, 0.0], [5243, 5365, 0.0], [5365, 5392, 0.0], [5392, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5956, 0.0], [5956, 6038, 0.0], [6038, 6185, 0.0], [6185, 6286, 0.0], [6286, 6853, 0.00723327], [6853, 7165, 0.01672241], [7165, 7177, 0.0], [7177, 7247, 0.06060606], [7247, 7263, 0.0], [7263, 7305, 0.0], [7305, 7394, 0.02409639], [7394, 7557, 0.0], [7557, 7571, 0.0], [7571, 7752, 0.0], [7752, 8199, 0.0], [8199, 8589, 0.00534759], [8589, 8733, 0.0], [8733, 8755, 0.0], [8755, 9577, 0.0], [9577, 9686, 0.0], [9686, 9702, 0.0], [9702, 9909, 0.0], [9909, 9928, 0.0], [9928, 10012, 0.0], [10012, 10103, 0.0], [10103, 10695, 0.01039861], [10695, 10967, 0.0], [10967, 11115, 0.0], [11115, 11651, 0.0], [11651, 11798, 0.0], [11798, 12013, 0.0], [12013, 12274, 0.01195219], [12274, 12448, 0.0], [12448, 12471, 0.0], [12471, 12519, 0.0], [12519, 12787, 0.0], [12787, 12990, 0.0], [12990, 13007, 0.0], [13007, 13086, 0.0], [13086, 13110, 0.0], [13110, 13216, 0.0], [13216, 13742, 0.0], [13742, 13823, 0.0], [13823, 14087, 0.0], [14087, 14208, 0.0], [14208, 14244, 0.0], [14244, 14494, 0.0], [14494, 14881, 0.0], [14881, 15647, 0.0], [15647, 15819, 0.0], [15819, 15973, 0.0], [15973, 16237, 0.0], [16237, 16261, 0.0], [16261, 16808, 0.0], [16808, 16904, 0.0], [16904, 17061, 0.0], [17061, 17193, 0.0], [17193, 17348, 0.0], [17348, 17397, 0.0], [17397, 17564, 0.0], [17564, 17717, 0.0], [17717, 17927, 0.0], [17927, 18411, 0.0], [18411, 18541, 0.0], [18541, 18929, 0.0], [18929, 19022, 0.0], [19022, 19084, 0.0], [19084, 19122, 0.0], [19122, 19298, 0.0], [19298, 19346, 0.0], [19346, 19390, 0.0], [19390, 19585, 0.0], [19585, 19926, 0.0], [19926, 20249, 0.0], [20249, 20636, 0.0], [20636, 20783, 0.0], [20783, 20936, 0.0], [20936, 21180, 0.0], [21180, 21221, 0.0], [21221, 21240, 0.0], [21240, 21304, 0.0], [21304, 21606, 0.0], [21606, 21799, 0.0], [21799, 22052, 0.0], [22052, 22590, 0.0], [22590, 23205, 0.02555366], [23205, 23644, 0.00936768], [23644, 23908, 0.0], [23908, 23993, 0.0], [23993, 24570, 0.02342342], [24570, 24975, 0.01808786], [24975, 25350, 0.0], [25350, 25568, 0.0], [25568, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25637, 0.19354839], [25637, 25805, 0.0], [25805, 25832, 0.0], [25832, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 27, 0.0], [27, 62, 0.0], [62, 243, 0.0], [243, 567, 0.0], [567, 581, 0.0], [581, 1086, 0.0], [1086, 1105, 0.0], [1105, 1269, 0.0], [1269, 1752, 0.0], [1752, 2016, 0.0], [2016, 2372, 0.0], [2372, 2501, 0.0], [2501, 2519, 0.0], [2519, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2712, 0.0], [2712, 2756, 0.0], [2756, 3011, 0.0], [3011, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3172, 0.0], [3172, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3388, 0.0], [3388, 3461, 0.0], [3461, 3500, 0.0], [3500, 3705, 0.0], [3705, 3717, 0.0], [3717, 3767, 0.0], [3767, 3853, 0.0], [3853, 3921, 0.0], [3921, 4138, 0.0], [4138, 4231, 0.0], [4231, 4265, 0.0], [4265, 4483, 0.0], [4483, 4844, 0.0], [4844, 5138, 0.0], [5138, 5206, 0.0], [5206, 5243, 0.0], [5243, 5365, 0.0], [5365, 5392, 0.0], [5392, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5956, 0.0], [5956, 6038, 0.0], [6038, 6185, 0.0], [6185, 6286, 0.0], [6286, 6853, 0.0], [6853, 7165, 0.0], [7165, 7177, 0.0], [7177, 7247, 0.0], [7247, 7263, 0.0], [7263, 7305, 0.0], [7305, 7394, 0.0], [7394, 7557, 0.0], [7557, 7571, 0.0], [7571, 7752, 0.0], [7752, 8199, 0.0], [8199, 8589, 0.0], [8589, 8733, 0.0], [8733, 8755, 0.0], [8755, 9577, 0.0], [9577, 9686, 0.0], [9686, 9702, 0.0], [9702, 9909, 0.0], [9909, 9928, 0.0], [9928, 10012, 0.0], [10012, 10103, 0.0], [10103, 10695, 0.0], [10695, 10967, 0.0], [10967, 11115, 0.0], [11115, 11651, 0.0], [11651, 11798, 0.0], [11798, 12013, 0.0], [12013, 12274, 0.0], [12274, 12448, 0.0], [12448, 12471, 0.0], [12471, 12519, 0.0], [12519, 12787, 0.0], [12787, 12990, 0.0], [12990, 13007, 0.0], [13007, 13086, 0.0], [13086, 13110, 0.0], [13110, 13216, 0.0], [13216, 13742, 0.0], [13742, 13823, 0.0], [13823, 14087, 0.0], [14087, 14208, 0.0], [14208, 14244, 0.0], [14244, 14494, 0.0], [14494, 14881, 0.0], [14881, 15647, 0.0], [15647, 15819, 0.0], [15819, 15973, 0.0], [15973, 16237, 0.0], [16237, 16261, 0.0], [16261, 16808, 0.0], [16808, 16904, 0.0], [16904, 17061, 0.0], [17061, 17193, 0.0], [17193, 17348, 0.0], [17348, 17397, 0.0], [17397, 17564, 0.0], [17564, 17717, 0.0], [17717, 17927, 0.0], [17927, 18411, 0.0], [18411, 18541, 0.0], [18541, 18929, 0.0], [18929, 19022, 0.0], [19022, 19084, 0.0], [19084, 19122, 0.0], [19122, 19298, 0.0], [19298, 19346, 0.0], [19346, 19390, 0.0], [19390, 19585, 0.0], [19585, 19926, 0.0], [19926, 20249, 0.0], [20249, 20636, 0.0], [20636, 20783, 0.0], [20783, 20936, 0.0], [20936, 21180, 0.0], [21180, 21221, 0.0], [21221, 21240, 0.0], [21240, 21304, 0.0], [21304, 21606, 0.0], [21606, 21799, 0.0], [21799, 22052, 0.0], [22052, 22590, 0.0], [22590, 23205, 0.0], [23205, 23644, 0.0], [23644, 23908, 0.0], [23908, 23993, 0.0], [23993, 24570, 0.0], [24570, 24975, 0.0], [24975, 25350, 0.0], [25350, 25568, 0.0], [25568, 25604, 0.0], [25604, 25637, 0.0], [25637, 25805, 0.0], [25805, 25832, 0.0], [25832, 26000, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 27, 0.11111111], [27, 62, 0.08571429], [62, 243, 0.01104972], [243, 567, 0.01234568], [567, 581, 0.14285714], [581, 1086, 0.05346535], [1086, 1105, 0.15789474], [1105, 1269, 0.02439024], [1269, 1752, 0.01035197], [1752, 2016, 0.0719697], [2016, 2372, 0.07022472], [2372, 2501, 0.03100775], [2501, 2519, 0.11111111], [2519, 2558, 0.07692308], [2558, 2712, 0.08441558], [2712, 2756, 0.06818182], [2756, 3011, 0.03137255], [3011, 3149, 0.02898551], [3149, 3172, 0.08695652], [3172, 3195, 0.08695652], [3195, 3277, 0.03658537], [3277, 3388, 0.04504505], [3388, 3461, 0.02739726], [3461, 3500, 0.05128205], [3500, 3705, 0.02926829], [3705, 3717, 0.16666667], [3717, 3767, 0.02], [3767, 3853, 0.03488372], [3853, 3921, 0.02941176], [3921, 4138, 0.02304147], [4138, 4231, 0.03225806], [4231, 4265, 0.02941176], [4265, 4483, 0.04587156], [4483, 4844, 0.00831025], [4844, 5138, 0.01020408], [5138, 5206, 0.02941176], [5206, 5243, 0.05405405], [5243, 5365, 0.03278689], [5365, 5392, 0.07407407], [5392, 5416, 0.08333333], [5416, 5956, 0.01481481], [5956, 6038, 0.02439024], [6038, 6185, 0.04761905], [6185, 6286, 0.02970297], [6286, 6853, 0.01587302], [6853, 7165, 0.02564103], [7165, 7177, 0.16666667], [7177, 7247, 0.02857143], [7247, 7263, 0.125], [7263, 7305, 0.04761905], [7305, 7394, 0.04494382], [7394, 7557, 0.03067485], [7557, 7571, 0.14285714], [7571, 7752, 0.02209945], [7752, 8199, 0.02908277], [8199, 8589, 0.03589744], [8589, 8733, 0.02083333], [8733, 8755, 0.09090909], [8755, 9577, 0.01703163], [9577, 9686, 0.04587156], [9686, 9702, 0.125], [9702, 9909, 0.03381643], [9909, 9928, 0.10526316], [9928, 10012, 0.03571429], [10012, 10103, 0.03296703], [10103, 10695, 0.0152027], [10695, 10967, 0.02941176], [10967, 11115, 0.01351351], [11115, 11651, 0.01865672], [11651, 11798, 0.00680272], [11798, 12013, 0.01860465], [12013, 12274, 0.02681992], [12274, 12448, 0.01149425], [12448, 12471, 0.04347826], [12471, 12519, 0.04166667], [12519, 12787, 0.01492537], [12787, 12990, 0.01477833], [12990, 13007, 0.11764706], [13007, 13086, 0.06329114], [13086, 13110, 0.08333333], [13110, 13216, 0.01886792], [13216, 13742, 0.02471483], [13742, 13823, 0.02469136], [13823, 14087, 0.01515152], [14087, 14208, 0.05785124], [14208, 14244, 0.08333333], [14244, 14494, 0.012], [14494, 14881, 0.0129199], [14881, 15647, 0.01436031], [15647, 15819, 0.01744186], [15819, 15973, 0.01298701], [15973, 16237, 0.03030303], [16237, 16261, 0.125], [16261, 16808, 0.0274223], [16808, 16904, 0.03125], [16904, 17061, 0.03184713], [17061, 17193, 0.02272727], [17193, 17348, 0.03225806], [17348, 17397, 0.06122449], [17397, 17564, 0.02994012], [17564, 17717, 0.01960784], [17717, 17927, 0.02857143], [17927, 18411, 0.02272727], [18411, 18541, 0.01538462], [18541, 18929, 0.0257732], [18929, 19022, 0.02150538], [19022, 19084, 0.0483871], [19084, 19122, 0.05263158], [19122, 19298, 0.03409091], [19298, 19346, 0.0625], [19346, 19390, 0.04545455], [19390, 19585, 0.03076923], [19585, 19926, 0.01759531], [19926, 20249, 0.01547988], [20249, 20636, 0.01550388], [20636, 20783, 0.01360544], [20783, 20936, 0.01960784], [20936, 21180, 0.01639344], [21180, 21221, 0.09756098], [21221, 21240, 0.10526316], [21240, 21304, 0.046875], [21304, 21606, 0.02317881], [21606, 21799, 0.02072539], [21799, 22052, 0.04347826], [22052, 22590, 0.04460967], [22590, 23205, 0.0601626], [23205, 23644, 0.02277904], [23644, 23908, 0.03409091], [23908, 23993, 0.01176471], [23993, 24570, 0.05719237], [24570, 24975, 0.05185185], [24975, 25350, 0.024], [25350, 25568, 0.05963303], [25568, 25604, 0.08333333], [25604, 25637, 0.09090909], [25637, 25805, 0.0297619], [25805, 25832, 0.14814815], [25832, 26000, 0.01785714]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 26000, 0.55918187]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 26000, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 26000, 0.45031708]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 26000, -1599.10193252]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 26000, 806.80441384]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 26000, -3384.41071265]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 26000, 299.0]]} |
Faze Dirty Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More
Are you a follower of Faze Dirty? Are you searching on google for How to contact him? What is their WhatsApp number, contact number, or email id of Faze Dirty? What is the hometown and residence address of Faze Dirty? Who is the Contact Agent, Manager Faze Dirty? What is your Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram id of Faze Dirty? find out all these things in our article below. Let’s look for Faze Dirty’s autograph details, including his autograph request address, autograph mailing address, and fan mail address.
FaZe Dirty is a Call of Duty movie producer and YouTube player who also broadcasts live on Major League Gaming TV. FaZe Dirty creates and plays in Call of Duty videos. You may see his videos and montage compilations on YouTube. The online gaming community known as FaZe Clan has appointed him to one of its several director positions. Before he got famous, he used to make movies as a hobby in his leisure time while working as a sales assistant at retail stores. Before his rise to fame, he was an unknown.
In addition to having worked at The North Face, he is an outstanding rock climber and motorbike rider. He has also worked there. Curtis is his given name, and the state of Utah is where he made his debut in the world. It’s quite great that his dad shows up in a handful of his flicks, which he directed. You may be able to see pictures of him with his girlfriend Mallory if you have a look at his Instagram account. Both he and Aspyn Ovard have established themselves as prominent figures on YouTube, and both of them are natives of the state of Utah.
Faze has now reached the age of 28 at this point in time. He came into the world on January 2, 1994, in the state of Utah, which is located in the United States. His true identity is known to everyone as Curtis. His own father is the focus of many of the films that he has directed. On the other hand, none of the details of his family, including his parents and his siblings, have been disclosed to the general public. On the other hand, he did have a conversation with his father in the video that was uploaded on April 12, 2015, and captioned “Father, Son, and 1 Controller.” He, like the rest of us, was conceived and brought up in these great United States of America. Up to this time, he has remained mute about the topic of his ethnic heritage.
Given what we know about Faze’s history, it appears likely that he has already completed all of the prerequisites necessary to get his high school graduation at this time. In addition, there is not a single scrap of information on her educational history that can be located anywhere online. Faze is the kind of person that oozes charm and refinement at the same time. Not only does he have an appealing appearance, but he also has a positive demeanor.
On the other hand, there is not a single piece of accurate information on her physical measurements that can be obtained anywhere. In addition, he has light brown hair and eyes of a blue tone. Faze does not devote a significant amount of time to using social media. On the other hand, in addition to having a channel on YouTube, he also has personal accounts on Instagram and Twitter.
Over the course of his time on YouTube, he has collected a considerable number of subscribers. On YouTube, he has close to 402 thousand individuals who have subscribed to his channel. Under the alias @fazedirty, he has amassed more than 458 thousand followers on Twitter and 118 thousand followers on Instagram. Fade’s personal life has progressed to the point that he is now in a committed relationship with another person.
He mentioned his girlfriend by name on his channel on YouTube, which is where his videos are hosted. During this time, Faze has updated his Instagram account with a number of photographs that include his girlfriend Mallory. In addition to that, on December 6, 2014, he published a video on YouTube with the title “Gamma Challenge with my Girlfriend! ” In his video, he also expressed how tough it has been for him to manage with the migraines that he has been experiencing.
There is no information that can be found about his previous encounters that occurred before he started a committed relationship. Not just in his professional life, but also in his personal life, he has not been linked to any major scandals or legal troubles, and this is true both professionally and personally. When it comes to his professional life, he is most known for his work as a YouTuber. This has brought him the greatest recognition. In the years leading up to his rise to prominence, he supported himself by working in retail and making movies in his spare time.
Prior to that time, he had absolutely no interest in the field of entertainment. Faze has attained the level of notoriety required to be included in the list of the most famous persons in the world. He is widely regarded as one of the most popular users of YouTube in the state of Utah. Another well-known person is Fade, who is a player on YouTube and a live streamer on Major League Gaming TV. Fade broadcasts his gameplay on both of these platforms. It is well known that Fade is the creator of several Call of Duty montages and films. The online gaming organization that is often referred to as the FaZe Clan has several directors, and he is one of them.
On August 31, 2010, he started adding videos to his channel on YouTube that he had previously recorded. The video with the title “We Found a BOT on Fortnite (The WORST Player Ever)” was uploaded to his channel on April 26, 2018, and it is one of the videos that has received the most views. One of his most popular videos, it now has about 1,302,428 views, making it one of his most popular films overall. INSANE FORTNITE CHALLENGE ON THE STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN!! This walkthrough will teach you “How to Become the BEST Sniper in Black Ops 4,” as its title suggests. Other videos that he has uploaded that have gained a lot of attention include “True Life: Call of Duty Addiction,” “Grind Squad Reacts to Pamaj’s “The Catalyst 3″ Movie,” and a few more.
In terms of his private life, Fade is now in a committed relationship with another individual. He has disclosed the name of his girlfriend on the channel that he maintains on YouTube. In a similar manner, Faze has uploaded pictures on Instagram featuring his girlfriend, Mallory. In addition to that, on December 6, 2014, he uploaded a video on YouTube titled “Gamma Challenge with my Girlfriend!” In addition to that, he spoke about his health problem in the video, which was migraines.
In terms of what he does for a living, he has established himself as a popular YouTuber. In the years leading up to his rise to prominence, he supported himself by working in retail and producing films in his spare time. Faze has earned a spot on the list of the most famous individuals in the world. He is one of the most successful YouTube stars in the state of Utah. He started his professional life while he was still quite young. In a similar vein, Fade is well-known for his work as a Call of Duty content creator and live streamer on Major League Gaming TV. His movies and montages can be seen on YouTube. He is a member of the FaZe Clan’s board of directors and serves in that capacity.
In a similar vein, he began uploading videos to his YouTube page on August 31, 2010. The video titled “We Found a BOT on Fortnite (The WORST Player Ever)” was published on April 26, 2018, and it now has close to 1,302,428 views. This video is by far the most popular one on his channel. It didn’t take long at all for gamers to figure out what was going on behind the doors in bunker 11, as members of the Modern Warzone subreddit community had already managed to clip through the walls in order to find a nuclear weapon.
The fact that the bunker was the only one that still had a red light on the entrance brought the attention of the community to it, as was shown by a video that was uploaded to YouTube by Geek Gaming Squad. The party was able to explore the bunker without being restricted by the confines of the walls thanks to the use of a drone. The model was able to be seen by data miners in the Modern Warzone Discord, who verified that its name was “nuke coreless.” It’s possible that the nuclear weapon can’t be activated unless something is placed inside of it.
Ever since Warzone was released in March, players have been attempting to uncover the many different methods to sneak inside the secret bunkers that are scattered around the area in order to find out what kind of goods could be hiding within. Players have been thrown into a frenzy due to a sentence that was included in the patch notes today. Meanwhile, the underground caves have finally revealed their long-guarded secrets.
The most recent update has made it possible for players to enter the bunkers by utilizing a Red Access Card, which is a lootable item that can be obtained by opening legendary chests. Once they have entered the bunker, players will have the opportunity to acquire high-quality equipment as well as cash to better prepare them for the game. It’s pretty much the same as the vaults and vault keys in Apex Legends, and based on my own experience with that game, I can tell you that the vaults truly do become a focal point for fights between players.
If you thought that was the end of it, you’d be wrong. It seems that Warzone’s bunkers have another surprise in store for you since there are even more doors within that are now locked. It’s kind of like a Russian doll, except with bunkers instead of dolls. Players have also brought to our attention a message that can be found at the very bottom of the most recent patch notes. They feel this message may provide a clue to yet another hidden feature. Some people believe that this might be a hint for the future Call of Duty game as well as a reference to the number stations from the Black Ops games, which are set during the Cold War. This would be consistent with prior reports by Kotaku stating that Call of Duty: 2020 will be Black Ops 5, developed by Treyarch, and most likely set during the Cold War with Vietnam as a major player.
During a new Livestream series called “Road To FaZe1,” which is now broadcasting on twitch. tv/faze, and youtube.com/fazeclan, FaZe Clan has just made the announcement that FaZe1 will be Powered by Monday. In 2022, the recruiting competition for creators will enter a new age, ending in a 15-day, 24/7 broadcast titled “FaZe1 Top 20 Show,” during which one contestant will have the chance to join FaZe Clan. The FaZe1 recruitment challenge is a new iteration of the successful FaZe5 recruitment challenge franchise. It gives avid gamers and content creators all over the world the opportunity to become a member of the FaZe clan, along with a signing bonus of $1 million in cryptocurrency from Monday, as well as a brand deal with G FUEL worth $250,000 and a Nissan GT-R. Watch the announcement video by clicking HERE and listening to FaZe Banks explain everything in detail.
Faze Dirty Phone Number, Email Address, Contact No Information and More Details
Faze Dirty Addresses:
Faze Dirty, United States
Fanmail Address / Autograph Request Address:
Faze Dirty,
Faze Dirty Contact Phone Number and Contact Details info
Faze Dirty Phone Number: Private
Faze Dirty Mobile Contact Number: NA
WhatsApp Number of Faze Dirty: NA
Personal Phone Number: Same as Above
Faze Dirty Email ID: NA
Social Media Accounts of Content Creator ‘Faze Dirty ’
TikTok Account: NA
Facebook Account (Facebook Profile): https://www.facebook.com/FaZeDirty
Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/FaZeDirty
Instagram Account: https://www.instagram.com/fazedirty/
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-MxW86gZPslwwVK8fg3poA
Tumblr Details: NA
Official Website: NA
Snapchat Profile: NA
Personal Facts and Figures
Birthday/Birth Date: January 2, 1994
Place of Birth: United States
Wife/GirlFriend: NA
Children: NA
Official TikTok: NA
Occupation: Youtuber
Height: NA
Salary of Faze Dirty: $1.5 Million
Net worth: $1.5 Million
Education: Yes
Total TikTok Fans/Followers: Not Known
Facebook Fans: 1.3K followers
Twitter Followers: Not Known
Total Instagram Followers: 126K followers
Total YouTube Followers: 520K subscribers
G Herbo Phone Address, Phone Number, Email ID, Website
Email Address NA
Facebook https://www.facebook.com/FaZeDirty
House address (residence address) United States
Instagram https://www.instagram.com/fazedirty/?hl=en
Office Address NA
Office Number NA
Official Website NA
Personal No. NA
Phone Number NA
Snapchat Id NA
TikTok Id NA
Twitter https://twitter.com/FaZeDirty
Whatsapp No. NA
See Also: Maia Mitchell Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More
Some Important Facts About Faze Dirty:-
Faze Dirty was born on January 2, 1994.
His Age is 28 years old.
His birth sign is Capricorn.
Team Celeb
Tags: Faze Dirty address, Faze Dirty autograpgh address, Faze Dirty bio, Faze Dirty contact details, Faze Dirty email, Faze Dirty facebook, Faze Dirty fanmail, Faze Dirty instagram, Faze Dirty twitter, Faze Dirty youtube
Previous Faze Megga Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More
Next Jillian and Addie Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More
Bam Margera Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More
Julien Bam Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1928 | {"url": "https://celebcontactdetails.com/faze-dirty/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "celebcontactdetails.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:56:03Z", "digest": "sha1:6Q63ZNO7DTNQLVXAI3NWHNRV7XT7H46L"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 13421, 13421.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 13421, 17632.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 13421, 81.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 13421, 222.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 13421, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 13421, 236.9]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 13421, 0.38810301]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 13421, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 13421, 0.03259149]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 13421, 0.10662073]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 13421, 0.07877828]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 13421, 0.0713288]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 13421, 0.06518298]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 13421, 0.05773349]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 13421, 0.02514201]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 13421, 0.01191917]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 13421, 0.01173294]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 13421, 0.01994922]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 13421, 0.1552412]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 13421, 0.31778929]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 13421, 4.63687392]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 13421, 5.64915414]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 13421, 2316.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 581, 1.0], [581, 1089, 1.0], [1089, 1641, 1.0], [1641, 2393, 1.0], [2393, 2846, 1.0], [2846, 3231, 1.0], [3231, 3656, 1.0], [3656, 4130, 1.0], [4130, 4705, 1.0], [4705, 5364, 1.0], [5364, 6114, 1.0], [6114, 6602, 1.0], [6602, 7297, 1.0], [7297, 7819, 1.0], [7819, 8372, 1.0], [8372, 8799, 1.0], [8799, 9347, 1.0], [9347, 10188, 1.0], [10188, 11064, 1.0], [11064, 11144, 0.0], [11144, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 11192, 0.0], [11192, 11237, 0.0], [11237, 11249, 0.0], [11249, 11306, 0.0], [11306, 11339, 0.0], [11339, 11376, 0.0], [11376, 11410, 0.0], [11410, 11447, 0.0], [11447, 11471, 0.0], [11471, 11526, 0.0], [11526, 11545, 0.0], [11545, 11617, 0.0], [11617, 11664, 0.0], [11664, 11720, 0.0], [11720, 11794, 0.0], [11794, 11813, 0.0], [11813, 11834, 0.0], [11834, 11855, 0.0], [11855, 11882, 0.0], [11882, 11919, 0.0], [11919, 11949, 0.0], [11949, 11969, 0.0], [11969, 11982, 0.0], [11982, 12002, 0.0], [12002, 12023, 0.0], [12023, 12034, 0.0], [12034, 12069, 0.0], [12069, 12093, 0.0], [12093, 12108, 0.0], [12108, 12147, 0.0], [12147, 12177, 0.0], [12177, 12206, 0.0], [12206, 12248, 0.0], [12248, 12290, 0.0], [12290, 12345, 0.0], [12345, 12362, 0.0], [12362, 12406, 0.0], [12406, 12454, 0.0], [12454, 12507, 0.0], [12507, 12525, 0.0], [12525, 12542, 0.0], [12542, 12562, 0.0], [12562, 12578, 0.0], [12578, 12594, 0.0], [12594, 12609, 0.0], [12609, 12622, 0.0], [12622, 12660, 0.0], [12660, 12676, 0.0], [12676, 12758, 0.0], [12758, 12798, 0.0], [12798, 12838, 1.0], [12838, 12863, 1.0], [12863, 12892, 1.0], [12892, 12903, 0.0], [12903, 13124, 0.0], [13124, 13202, 0.0], [13202, 13283, 0.0], [13283, 13353, 0.0], [13353, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 581, 0.0], [581, 1089, 0.0], [1089, 1641, 0.0], [1641, 2393, 0.0], [2393, 2846, 0.0], [2846, 3231, 0.0], [3231, 3656, 0.0], [3656, 4130, 0.0], [4130, 4705, 0.0], [4705, 5364, 0.0], [5364, 6114, 0.0], [6114, 6602, 0.0], [6602, 7297, 0.0], [7297, 7819, 0.0], [7819, 8372, 0.0], [8372, 8799, 0.0], [8799, 9347, 0.0], [9347, 10188, 0.0], [10188, 11064, 0.0], [11064, 11144, 0.0], [11144, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 11192, 0.0], [11192, 11237, 0.0], [11237, 11249, 0.0], [11249, 11306, 0.0], [11306, 11339, 0.0], [11339, 11376, 0.0], [11376, 11410, 0.0], [11410, 11447, 0.0], [11447, 11471, 0.0], [11471, 11526, 0.0], [11526, 11545, 0.0], [11545, 11617, 0.0], [11617, 11664, 0.0], [11664, 11720, 0.0], [11720, 11794, 0.0], [11794, 11813, 0.0], [11813, 11834, 0.0], [11834, 11855, 0.0], [11855, 11882, 0.0], [11882, 11919, 0.0], [11919, 11949, 0.0], [11949, 11969, 0.0], [11969, 11982, 0.0], [11982, 12002, 0.0], [12002, 12023, 0.0], [12023, 12034, 0.0], [12034, 12069, 0.0], [12069, 12093, 0.0], [12093, 12108, 0.0], [12108, 12147, 0.0], [12147, 12177, 0.0], [12177, 12206, 0.0], [12206, 12248, 0.0], [12248, 12290, 0.0], [12290, 12345, 0.0], [12345, 12362, 0.0], [12362, 12406, 0.0], [12406, 12454, 0.0], [12454, 12507, 0.0], [12507, 12525, 0.0], [12525, 12542, 0.0], [12542, 12562, 0.0], [12562, 12578, 0.0], [12578, 12594, 0.0], [12594, 12609, 0.0], [12609, 12622, 0.0], [12622, 12660, 0.0], [12660, 12676, 0.0], [12676, 12758, 0.0], [12758, 12798, 0.0], [12798, 12838, 0.0], [12838, 12863, 0.0], [12863, 12892, 0.0], [12892, 12903, 0.0], [12903, 13124, 0.0], [13124, 13202, 0.0], [13202, 13283, 0.0], [13283, 13353, 0.0], [13353, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 69, 11.0], [69, 581, 87.0], [581, 1089, 93.0], [1089, 1641, 105.0], [1641, 2393, 144.0], [2393, 2846, 79.0], [2846, 3231, 69.0], [3231, 3656, 70.0], [3656, 4130, 83.0], [4130, 4705, 100.0], [4705, 5364, 122.0], [5364, 6114, 136.0], [6114, 6602, 82.0], [6602, 7297, 132.0], [7297, 7819, 99.0], [7819, 8372, 104.0], [8372, 8799, 71.0], [8799, 9347, 99.0], [9347, 10188, 158.0], [10188, 11064, 146.0], [11064, 11144, 12.0], [11144, 11166, 3.0], [11166, 11192, 4.0], [11192, 11237, 5.0], [11237, 11249, 2.0], [11249, 11306, 9.0], [11306, 11339, 5.0], [11339, 11376, 6.0], [11376, 11410, 6.0], [11410, 11447, 6.0], [11447, 11471, 5.0], [11471, 11526, 9.0], [11526, 11545, 3.0], [11545, 11617, 5.0], [11617, 11664, 3.0], [11664, 11720, 3.0], [11720, 11794, 3.0], [11794, 11813, 3.0], [11813, 11834, 3.0], [11834, 11855, 3.0], [11855, 11882, 4.0], [11882, 11919, 5.0], [11919, 11949, 5.0], [11949, 11969, 2.0], [11969, 11982, 2.0], [11982, 12002, 3.0], [12002, 12023, 2.0], [12023, 12034, 2.0], [12034, 12069, 6.0], [12069, 12093, 4.0], [12093, 12108, 2.0], [12108, 12147, 5.0], [12147, 12177, 4.0], [12177, 12206, 4.0], [12206, 12248, 5.0], [12248, 12290, 5.0], [12290, 12345, 9.0], [12345, 12362, 3.0], [12362, 12406, 2.0], [12406, 12454, 6.0], [12454, 12507, 2.0], [12507, 12525, 3.0], [12525, 12542, 3.0], [12542, 12562, 3.0], [12562, 12578, 3.0], [12578, 12594, 3.0], [12594, 12609, 3.0], [12609, 12622, 3.0], [12622, 12660, 2.0], [12660, 12676, 3.0], [12676, 12758, 13.0], [12758, 12798, 6.0], [12798, 12838, 8.0], [12838, 12863, 6.0], [12863, 12892, 5.0], [12892, 12903, 2.0], [12903, 13124, 33.0], [13124, 13202, 12.0], [13202, 13283, 13.0], [13283, 13353, 11.0], [13353, 13421, 11.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 581, 0.0], [581, 1089, 0.0], [1089, 1641, 0.0], [1641, 2393, 0.01920439], [2393, 2846, 0.0], [2846, 3231, 0.0], [3231, 3656, 0.02163462], [3656, 4130, 0.01079914], [4130, 4705, 0.0], [4705, 5364, 0.0], [5364, 6114, 0.02884615], [6114, 6602, 0.01054852], [6602, 7297, 0.0], [7297, 7819, 0.04133858], [7819, 8372, 0.0], [8372, 8799, 0.0], [8799, 9347, 0.0], [9347, 10188, 0.00604595], [10188, 11064, 0.02702703], [11064, 11144, 0.0], [11144, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 11192, 0.0], [11192, 11237, 0.0], [11237, 11249, 0.0], [11249, 11306, 0.0], [11306, 11339, 0.0], [11339, 11376, 0.0], [11376, 11410, 0.0], [11410, 11447, 0.0], [11447, 11471, 0.0], [11471, 11526, 0.0], [11526, 11545, 0.0], [11545, 11617, 0.0], [11617, 11664, 0.0], [11664, 11720, 0.0], [11720, 11794, 0.0625], [11794, 11813, 0.0], [11813, 11834, 0.0], [11834, 11855, 0.0], [11855, 11882, 0.0], [11882, 11919, 0.15151515], [11919, 11949, 0.0], [11949, 11969, 0.0], [11969, 11982, 0.0], [11982, 12002, 0.0], [12002, 12023, 0.0], [12023, 12034, 0.0], [12034, 12069, 0.06451613], [12069, 12093, 0.1], [12093, 12108, 0.0], [12108, 12147, 0.0], [12147, 12177, 0.07407407], [12177, 12206, 0.0], [12206, 12248, 0.075], [12248, 12290, 0.075], [12290, 12345, 0.0], [12345, 12362, 0.0], [12362, 12406, 0.0], [12406, 12454, 0.0], [12454, 12507, 0.0], [12507, 12525, 0.0], [12525, 12542, 0.0], [12542, 12562, 0.0], [12562, 12578, 0.0], [12578, 12594, 0.0], [12594, 12609, 0.0], [12609, 12622, 0.0], [12622, 12660, 0.0], [12660, 12676, 0.0], [12676, 12758, 0.0], [12758, 12798, 0.0], [12798, 12838, 0.13513514], [12838, 12863, 0.08695652], [12863, 12892, 0.0], [12892, 12903, 0.0], [12903, 13124, 0.0], [13124, 13202, 0.0], [13202, 13283, 0.0], [13283, 13353, 0.0], [13353, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 581, 0.0], [581, 1089, 0.0], [1089, 1641, 0.0], [1641, 2393, 0.0], [2393, 2846, 0.0], [2846, 3231, 0.0], [3231, 3656, 0.0], [3656, 4130, 0.0], [4130, 4705, 0.0], [4705, 5364, 0.0], [5364, 6114, 0.0], [6114, 6602, 0.0], [6602, 7297, 0.0], [7297, 7819, 0.0], [7819, 8372, 0.0], [8372, 8799, 0.0], [8799, 9347, 0.0], [9347, 10188, 0.0], [10188, 11064, 0.0], [11064, 11144, 0.0], [11144, 11166, 0.0], [11166, 11192, 0.0], [11192, 11237, 0.0], [11237, 11249, 0.0], [11249, 11306, 0.0], [11306, 11339, 0.0], [11339, 11376, 0.0], [11376, 11410, 0.0], [11410, 11447, 0.0], [11447, 11471, 0.0], [11471, 11526, 0.0], [11526, 11545, 0.0], [11545, 11617, 0.0], [11617, 11664, 0.0], [11664, 11720, 0.0], [11720, 11794, 0.0], [11794, 11813, 0.0], [11813, 11834, 0.0], [11834, 11855, 0.0], [11855, 11882, 0.0], [11882, 11919, 0.0], [11919, 11949, 0.0], [11949, 11969, 0.0], [11969, 11982, 0.0], [11982, 12002, 0.0], [12002, 12023, 0.0], [12023, 12034, 0.0], [12034, 12069, 0.0], [12069, 12093, 0.0], [12093, 12108, 0.0], [12108, 12147, 0.0], [12147, 12177, 0.0], [12177, 12206, 0.0], [12206, 12248, 0.0], [12248, 12290, 0.0], [12290, 12345, 0.0], [12345, 12362, 0.0], [12362, 12406, 0.0], [12406, 12454, 0.0], [12454, 12507, 0.0], [12507, 12525, 0.0], [12525, 12542, 0.0], [12542, 12562, 0.0], [12562, 12578, 0.0], [12578, 12594, 0.0], [12594, 12609, 0.0], [12609, 12622, 0.0], [12622, 12660, 0.0], [12660, 12676, 0.0], [12676, 12758, 0.0], [12758, 12798, 0.0], [12798, 12838, 0.0], [12838, 12863, 0.0], [12863, 12892, 0.0], [12892, 12903, 0.0], [12903, 13124, 0.0], [13124, 13202, 0.0], [13202, 13283, 0.0], [13283, 13353, 0.0], [13353, 13421, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 69, 0.15942029], [69, 581, 0.0546875], [581, 1089, 0.0511811], [1089, 1641, 0.0307971], [1641, 2393, 0.02659574], [2393, 2846, 0.01103753], [2846, 3231, 0.02077922], [3231, 3656, 0.02352941], [3656, 4130, 0.03164557], [4130, 4705, 0.01217391], [4705, 5364, 0.03641882], [5364, 6114, 0.11733333], [6114, 6602, 0.03483607], [6602, 7297, 0.03741007], [7297, 7819, 0.04597701], [7819, 8372, 0.02169982], [8372, 8799, 0.0117096], [8799, 9347, 0.01642336], [9347, 10188, 0.02853746], [10188, 11064, 0.05365297], [11064, 11144, 0.1375], [11144, 11166, 0.13636364], [11166, 11192, 0.15384615], [11192, 11237, 0.11111111], [11237, 11249, 0.16666667], [11249, 11306, 0.12280702], [11306, 11339, 0.15151515], [11339, 11376, 0.18918919], [11376, 11410, 0.20588235], [11410, 11447, 0.13513514], [11447, 11471, 0.29166667], [11471, 11526, 0.12727273], [11526, 11545, 0.26315789], [11545, 11617, 0.09722222], [11617, 11664, 0.10638298], [11664, 11720, 0.03571429], [11720, 11794, 0.16216216], [11794, 11813, 0.21052632], [11813, 11834, 0.19047619], [11834, 11855, 0.19047619], [11855, 11882, 0.11111111], [11882, 11919, 0.10810811], [11919, 11949, 0.13333333], [11949, 11969, 0.25], [11969, 11982, 0.23076923], [11982, 12002, 0.25], [12002, 12023, 0.0952381], [12023, 12034, 0.27272727], [12034, 12069, 0.11428571], [12069, 12093, 0.08333333], [12093, 12108, 0.13333333], [12108, 12147, 0.17948718], [12147, 12177, 0.1], [12177, 12206, 0.13793103], [12206, 12248, 0.0952381], [12248, 12290, 0.11904762], [12290, 12345, 0.18181818], [12345, 12362, 0.23529412], [12362, 12406, 0.09090909], [12406, 12454, 0.0625], [12454, 12507, 0.01886792], [12507, 12525, 0.22222222], [12525, 12542, 0.23529412], [12542, 12562, 0.2], [12562, 12578, 0.25], [12578, 12594, 0.25], [12594, 12609, 0.26666667], [12609, 12622, 0.38461538], [12622, 12660, 0.10526316], [12660, 12676, 0.25], [12676, 12758, 0.15853659], [12758, 12798, 0.15], [12798, 12838, 0.075], [12838, 12863, 0.08], [12863, 12892, 0.06896552], [12892, 12903, 0.18181818], [12903, 13124, 0.09502262], [13124, 13202, 0.15384615], [13202, 13283, 0.14814815], [13283, 13353, 0.15714286], [13353, 13421, 0.16176471]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 13421, 0.62118334]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 13421, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 13421, 0.80575705]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 13421, -394.98838097]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 13421, 181.05012061]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 13421, -171.1874389]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 13421, 125.0]]} |
New List of European Harmonized Standards for ATEX Equipment (94/9/EC)
On 4 May, the European Commission published a new list of European harmonized standards for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres covered by the European ATEX Directive (94/9/EC). The standards mentioned on this list may be used by manufacturers of ATEX equipment to prove their equipment complies with European Directive 94/9/EC.
This updated list is important to all manufacturers of CE marked ATEX equipment that have used European harmonized standards to prove CE compliance. If you have applied standards to prove compliance with the aforementioned directive, we recommend you to check the new list of standards to see if any of the standard you applied have been updated, or whether there are new standards available for your products. When standards have been updated by this list, you need to re-evaluate your products against the updated standard and update your Declaration of Conformity.
The new standards on the list are:
EN 1755:2000+A2:2013 – Safety of industrial trucks – Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres – Use in flammable gas, vapour, mist and dust
EN 14678-1:2013 LPG equipment and accessories – Construction and performance of LPG equipment for automotive filling stations – Part 1: Dispensers
The updated list of standards can be found in our Library shortly.
More on the ATEX Directive.
Categories News, Standardization
Trade marks: Commission proposes easier access and more effective protection
The updated list of European Harmonized Standards for the Simple Pressure Vessels Directive (2009/105/EC) published | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1929 | {"url": "https://cemarking.net/new-list-of-european-harmonized-standards-for-atex-equipment-949ec/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cemarking.net", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:06:35Z", "digest": "sha1:AXQCLE6AFYWI4JY54Z7O2IMPMZU7NYUY"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1667, 1667.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1667, 3948.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1667, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1667, 100.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1667, 0.89]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1667, 317.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1667, 0.32119205]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1667, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1667, 0.0826686]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1667, 0.0826686]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1667, 0.05656273]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1667, 0.02175489]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1667, 0.07831762]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1667, 0.05221175]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1667, 0.05298013]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1667, 0.18874172]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1667, 0.46031746]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1667, 5.47222222]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1667, 4.39498009]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1667, 252.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 451, 1.0], [451, 1019, 1.0], [1019, 1054, 0.0], [1054, 1200, 0.0], [1200, 1347, 0.0], [1347, 1414, 1.0], [1414, 1442, 1.0], [1442, 1475, 0.0], [1475, 1552, 0.0], [1552, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 451, 0.0], [451, 1019, 0.0], [1019, 1054, 0.0], [1054, 1200, 0.0], [1200, 1347, 0.0], [1347, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1442, 0.0], [1442, 1475, 0.0], [1475, 1552, 0.0], [1552, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 71, 10.0], [71, 451, 56.0], [451, 1019, 91.0], [1019, 1054, 7.0], [1054, 1200, 22.0], [1200, 1347, 21.0], [1347, 1414, 12.0], [1414, 1442, 5.0], [1442, 1475, 3.0], [1475, 1552, 10.0], [1552, 1667, 15.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 71, 0.04545455], [71, 451, 0.01891892], [451, 1019, 0.0], [1019, 1054, 0.0], [1054, 1200, 0.09285714], [1200, 1347, 0.07692308], [1347, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1442, 0.0], [1442, 1475, 0.0], [1475, 1552, 0.0], [1552, 1667, 0.06306306]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 451, 0.0], [451, 1019, 0.0], [1019, 1054, 0.0], [1054, 1200, 0.0], [1200, 1347, 0.0], [1347, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1442, 0.0], [1442, 1475, 0.0], [1475, 1552, 0.0], [1552, 1667, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 71, 0.16901408], [71, 451, 0.05789474], [451, 1019, 0.02464789], [1019, 1054, 0.02857143], [1054, 1200, 0.04109589], [1200, 1347, 0.07482993], [1347, 1414, 0.02985075], [1414, 1442, 0.21428571], [1442, 1475, 0.09090909], [1475, 1552, 0.02597403], [1552, 1667, 0.08695652]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1667, 0.3229847]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1667, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1667, 0.0638234]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1667, -143.86804313]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1667, -33.97118916]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1667, -44.49762708]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1667, 8.0]]} |
March 6, 2023 strive4theprize
Be Careful What You Say
We all stumble in many ways. If we don’t stumble in what we say, then we are certainly on the road to a perfected faith.
That’s not easy, especially when it comes to trials. I think I can safely say that most, if not all of us, tend to lash out when things are not going well. At least initially. When the trial falls upon us. But if we will ask for wisdom…wisdom to see our circumstances, the trial…from God’s perspective rather than our own, then there’s hope that we will not only endure, but that we will also grow through the process. Our faith will be purified and strengthened. It will become aged and refined. And our words will reflect a heart that is turned toward the Lord.
Words do hurt. They can cause a lifetime worth of damage. So be careful what you say. Practice being quick to hear, slow to speak and slow to anger. Ask God for help to bridle your tongue. Your words have great potential for both good and evil. Blessing and cursing. Choose the good. Choose to bless. Choose to encourage and build up. Admonish when necessary, but always speak the truth in love. And point them to Jesus.
Pastor Matt Bible, biblical worldview, discipleship, Faith, hope, James, James 3, James 3.1-12, Jesus, live and love like Jesus, love God, love others, New Testament, practical theology, Religion and spirituality, words 1 Comment | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1930 | {"url": "https://centralchristianblog.com/tag/words/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "centralchristianblog.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:57:01Z", "digest": "sha1:XQZSAUJYY6WNO4VGYNZGA3TJJOSAAY3A"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1389, 1389.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1389, 2790.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1389, 6.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1389, 61.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1389, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1389, 330.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1389, 0.41157556]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1389, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1389, 0.0347667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1389, 0.01646844]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1389, 0.02378774]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1389, 0.02927722]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1389, 0.00643087]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1389, 0.19935691]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1389, 0.60887097]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1389, 4.40725806]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1389, 0.00643087]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1389, 4.75770397]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1389, 248.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 175, 1.0], [175, 739, 1.0], [739, 1160, 1.0], [1160, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 175, 0.0], [175, 739, 0.0], [739, 1160, 0.0], [1160, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 30, 4.0], [30, 54, 5.0], [54, 175, 25.0], [175, 739, 104.0], [739, 1160, 77.0], [1160, 1389, 33.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 30, 0.21428571], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 175, 0.0], [175, 739, 0.0], [739, 1160, 0.0], [1160, 1389, 0.02830189]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 175, 0.0], [175, 739, 0.0], [739, 1160, 0.0], [1160, 1389, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 30, 0.03333333], [30, 54, 0.20833333], [54, 175, 0.01652893], [175, 739, 0.01950355], [739, 1160, 0.03325416], [1160, 1389, 0.06113537]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1389, 0.13755661]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1389, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1389, 0.04496032]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1389, -39.36804506]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1389, 8.16618032]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1389, -139.03007313]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1389, 24.0]]} |
Central PA Libraries
by Melanie Gideon
“A skillful blend of pop-culture references, acidic humor, and emotional moments. It will take its rightful place . . . alongside Helen Fielding’s Bridget Jones’s Diary, Anna Maxted’s Getting Over It, and Allison Pearson’s I Don’t Know How She Does It.”—Library Journal (starred review)
Alice has been married to her husband, William, for twenty years. Though she can still remember the first time they met like it was yesterday, these days she finds herself posting things on Facebook that she used to confide to him. So when she’s invited to participate in an anonymous online survey on marriage and love, she finds that all her longings come pouring out as she dutifully answers questions under the name “Wife 22.”
Evaluating her responses is “Researcher 101,” who seems to listen to her in a way that William hasn’t in a very long time, and before she knows it, she finds herself trying hard not to e-flirt with him. Meanwhile, her elderly father is chatting on Facebook, her fifteen-year-old daughter is tweeting, and everything in her life is turning upside down.
Wife 22 is a hilariously funny, profoundly moving, and deeply perceptive novel about the ways we live and love in this technological age, from a dazzling new voice in fiction.
“An LOL Instagram about love in a wired world.”—People
“Vibrant, au courant, and hilarious . . . brilliant!”—Adriana Trigiani
BONUS: This edition includes a Wife 22 discussion guide.
Publisher: Random House Publishing Group
Melanie Gideon - Author | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1931 | {"url": "https://centralpalibraries.overdrive.com/media/677407", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "centralpalibraries.overdrive.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:49:57Z", "digest": "sha1:KVKDGORVGIGPXTPJVTZFGME7CQ7RHPZT"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1532, 1532.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1532, 6318.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1532, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1532, 167.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1532, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1532, 314.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1532, 0.36075949]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1532, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1532, 0.01941748]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1532, 0.02427184]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1532, 0.01582278]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1532, 0.19303797]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1532, 0.73469388]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1532, 5.04489796]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1532, 4.96980301]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1532, 245.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 39, 0.0], [39, 326, 0.0], [326, 757, 1.0], [757, 1109, 1.0], [1109, 1285, 1.0], [1285, 1340, 0.0], [1340, 1411, 0.0], [1411, 1468, 1.0], [1468, 1509, 0.0], [1509, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 39, 0.0], [39, 326, 0.0], [326, 757, 0.0], [757, 1109, 0.0], [1109, 1285, 0.0], [1285, 1340, 0.0], [1340, 1411, 0.0], [1411, 1468, 0.0], [1468, 1509, 0.0], [1509, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 21, 3.0], [21, 39, 3.0], [39, 326, 41.0], [326, 757, 75.0], [757, 1109, 60.0], [1109, 1285, 30.0], [1285, 1340, 9.0], [1340, 1411, 7.0], [1411, 1468, 9.0], [1468, 1509, 5.0], [1509, 1532, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 39, 0.0], [39, 326, 0.0], [326, 757, 0.00472813], [757, 1109, 0.00882353], [1109, 1285, 0.01169591], [1285, 1340, 0.0], [1340, 1411, 0.0], [1411, 1468, 0.03703704], [1468, 1509, 0.0], [1509, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 39, 0.0], [39, 326, 0.0], [326, 757, 0.0], [757, 1109, 0.0], [1109, 1285, 0.0], [1285, 1340, 0.0], [1340, 1411, 0.0], [1411, 1468, 0.0], [1468, 1509, 0.0], [1509, 1532, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.19047619], [21, 39, 0.11111111], [39, 326, 0.08013937], [326, 757, 0.01392111], [757, 1109, 0.01420455], [1109, 1285, 0.00568182], [1285, 1340, 0.10909091], [1340, 1411, 0.04225352], [1411, 1468, 0.12280702], [1468, 1509, 0.12195122], [1509, 1532, 0.13043478]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1532, 0.04652452]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1532, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1532, 0.21069902]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1532, -57.30853349]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1532, 24.75010908]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1532, -83.64434224]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1532, 14.0]]} |
Gilger, Cara
Cara Gilger is an author, artist, and minister who has served churches in Texas, Tennessee and Indiana for more than 15 years.
Books by Cara Gilger | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1932 | {"url": "https://chalicepress.com/pages/gilger-cara", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "chalicepress.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:23:38Z", "digest": "sha1:L7RIIOVW57QXCYALJ7DCTRWGHWKS4H2J"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 160, 160.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 160, 2786.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 160, 3.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 160, 155.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 160, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 160, 325.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 160, 0.33333333]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 160, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 160, 0.15625]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 160, 0.18181818]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 160, 0.82142857]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 160, 4.57142857]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 160, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 160, 3.04727708]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 160, 28.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 140, 1.0], [140, 160, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 140, 0.0], [140, 160, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 13, 2.0], [13, 140, 22.0], [140, 160, 4.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 140, 0.01639344], [140, 160, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 140, 0.0], [140, 160, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 13, 0.15384615], [13, 140, 0.03937008], [140, 160, 0.15]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 160, 0.00897813]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 160, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 160, -9.89e-06]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 160, 0.28216006]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 160, 2.40941942]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 160, 6.04049284]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 160, 2.0]]} |
Home » Free eBay Include Figma plug-in for accessibility
eBay have created a plug-in that makes it easy to include accessibility in a website design right from the start, and made it available for free. The new Include Figma plug-in could be considered as essential for all brands and retailers when specifying future new websites.
For several years, eBay have been headline sponsor for Purple Tuesday, a global social movement for improving the customer experience for disabled people and their families, helping to raise awareness and establish the case for brands and retailers to include accessibility from the start of the design process, not as an afterthought. This new plugin takes their campaigning from awareness to enablement.
There is sometimes a fundamental gap between the engineering and design teams when creating a new product. Designers want their work to be accessible, but many of the available tools are cumbersome, confusing, and come with processes that aren’t well-defined. This can lead to designers delivering their work to engineers without fully baked accessibility, which in turn leads to developers having to shoehorn accessibility in at a later stage than would be ideal — or, unfortunately, being unaware of the need to include it at all.
– Dan Nosowitz, eBay Tech Blog
eBay’s Core Accessibility, Design, and Design Tech teams worked to craft a new plug-in for Figma, the popular web-based design tool. The plug-in is called Include, and its goal is to make accessibility annotation easy, smooth, and simple, to ensure that accessibility is a core part of the design experience, rather than something crammed in (and then bug-fixed) later.
Include enables a designer to selects a frame for annotations, and then the plug-in presents a list of tactical steps to ensure that their design is available to all. It guides the designer through all those steps, which can be done in any order, explaining the reasoning for each suggestion throughout. For example, Include will create a list of images that the designer used in a mockup. If the designer marks an image as informative, the plugin will prompt them to include alt text — a catch that makes sure that screen readers can describe the image.
There are all sorts of additions to the plug-in that help to complete the steps. One of those additions: It automatically makes a copy of the design with text enlarged to 200%, so the designer can easily see where text may overflow, or where the design may break. That feature is hugely beneficial for designers to consider how their designs will look for those who enlarge the text on their devices.
Include has been made available to all, on Figma, which is a free service. And the code itself is open-source, available on Github for all to use. eBay’s Dan Nosowitz sums up their commitment to accessibility saying “How could we create an accessibility tool and not make it accessible to everyone?” | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1933 | {"url": "https://channelx.world/2023/03/free-ebay-include-figma-plug-in-for-accessibility/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "channelx.world", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:45:07Z", "digest": "sha1:TXB6NYFTG646BZYECBXT4HRQ7PGGUPHS"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2927, 2927.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2927, 7145.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2927, 9.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2927, 172.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2927, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2927, 258.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2927, 0.45774648]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2927, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2927, 0.01051746]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2927, 0.01388305]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2927, 0.12676056]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2927, 0.4661191]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2927, 4.88090349]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2927, 4.90264875]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2927, 487.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 332, 1.0], [332, 738, 1.0], [738, 1271, 1.0], [1271, 1302, 0.0], [1302, 1672, 1.0], [1672, 2227, 1.0], [2227, 2628, 1.0], [2628, 2927, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 332, 0.0], [332, 738, 0.0], [738, 1271, 0.0], [1271, 1302, 0.0], [1302, 1672, 0.0], [1672, 2227, 0.0], [2227, 2628, 0.0], [2628, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 57, 9.0], [57, 332, 46.0], [332, 738, 62.0], [738, 1271, 86.0], [1271, 1302, 6.0], [1302, 1672, 59.0], [1672, 2227, 97.0], [2227, 2628, 71.0], [2628, 2927, 51.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 332, 0.0], [332, 738, 0.0], [738, 1271, 0.0], [1271, 1302, 0.0], [1302, 1672, 0.0], [1672, 2227, 0.0], [2227, 2628, 0.00765306], [2628, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 57, 0.0], [57, 332, 0.0], [332, 738, 0.0], [738, 1271, 0.0], [1271, 1302, 1.0], [1302, 1672, 0.0], [1672, 2227, 0.0], [2227, 2628, 0.0], [2628, 2927, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 57, 0.0877193], [57, 332, 0.01454545], [332, 738, 0.01231527], [738, 1271, 0.00562852], [1271, 1302, 0.16129032], [1302, 1672, 0.02432432], [1672, 2227, 0.00900901], [2227, 2628, 0.00997506], [2628, 2927, 0.02675585]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2927, 0.52913642]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2927, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2927, 0.35579699]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2927, -94.46467488]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2927, 30.24737191]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2927, -59.33640791]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2927, 19.0]]} |
Life after law school.
Posted in Law School on November 11, 2004| Leave a Comment »
I don’t think I want to be an attorney. At least the last couple of months I have felt that I don’t want to be an attorney. I like the law. But I don’t LOVE the law. I love law school. Well, this isn’t entirely true. I love the law in General. But not in particular. I like the thought process. I am glad I went to law school. And there is a good chance that I will change my mind in a few months and want to practice law. But right now I have a new thought about what I want to do. I want to work in Human Resources. I love solving problems. I love helping people. I like insurance. I have a degree in risk management and insurance. I like law. I will have a degree in law. I love being around lots of different issues. I think I would enjoy HR.
I went to talk to the law school career advisor about the options in HR. Well, turns out the law school career center doesn’t have a lot of advice for what you can do with your law degree if you don’t practice. I don’t think this is a reflection on the people that work at the career center necessarily, but more of the law school mentality as a whole. It it like, here are you options, work at a big firm if you are one of the 20 people in your class that qualify, or work at a small firm. WORK AT A FIRM. Or maybe work for the government or clerk. maybe. I refuse to believe that those are the only options for people with law degrees. Luckily, the UGA business school – Terry – where I went for undergrad – was a little more helpful.
Anyway, this post was sparked from a post from Jeremy – I really like what he has to say about his decision to not take the firm route. It isn’t for everyone, and just because you are in law school doesn’t mean it has to be for you. Also, if it is not for you, that does not mean that law school was a waste.
Law school difficulties
I have been thinking about the adjustments that have to be made in order to survive law school. A couple of them are adjustments from college to law school – as opposed to simply real life (which I have little experience with) to law school, but regardless, these are the things I struggle with.
1. I struggle with getting actual work done during the day. In college, I studied at night. Unless I was writing a paper the hours before it was due in the morning, I studied exclusively at night. I think better at night. I focus better at night. Actually, I think too much at night and studying is a good way to not dwell on other things. Well, in law school, studying during the day is required if only because there is so much work to be done. Also, if you think about it, in the real world I am going to be required to do work during the day and not at night. I guess it is something I need to learn anyway – but I honestly and completely prefer to study at night.
2. I struggle with the wireless internet. Right now, I am in class. I should be paying attention to my professor who is engaging and animated – but instead I am writing this. On one hand sometimes I can listen better when I am doing something else, but I’m sure I would learn more if didn’t play on the web. On the same note, I would fall asleep in class more often if I didn’t have the internet.
3. I struggle with being under the microscope. I am being watched, I know I am. Some people pay attention to how much I eat, others keep track of how much time I spend in the library, others observe who I hang out with, who I spend too much time with, how many days I have missed of a certain class, who I left the bar with Friday night, how often I work out, when I started outlining, if I read for class today, etc. I know that this is all part of being an intense environment, and I know that I do it too. College allows us to be anonymous on many levels that law school does not. Just because I am paranoid doesn’t mean someone isn’t following me.
4. I struggle with my professional self esteem. I ooze self esteem in most parts of my life, but for some reason I can’t be confident about my place in the working world. The rejections suffered in law school have negatively impacted me. But I think this goes back before law school, it goes back to the first disillusionments of college. I have so many people that believe in me, but at the same time it has been a long time since I felt truly good at something. Also, I have never gotten anything I have ever interviewed for. I am great at cocktail parties, terrible at interviews. It amazes me, I really don’t understand.
5. I struggle with self discipline, time management, and staying focused. Not much to be said about that. Once I start to get really stressed, I start to lose things and misplace stuff, which just makes me more stressed. I am learning. Law school is a great exercise in accomplishing a task with little to no guidance or direction because what works for one person is not going to work for another, so it is all about figuring it out on your own. Kinda like a concentrated version of life.
Law School Difficulties…..
Posted in CKP on November 11, 2004| 4 Comments » | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1934 | {"url": "https://charlsiekate.com/2004/11/11/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "charlsiekate.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:54:22Z", "digest": "sha1:ZWGLZPSXPU4EVGGKFVIATD4LJYZGIMEZ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 5105, 5105.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 5105, 12834.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 5105, 14.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 5105, 115.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 5105, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 5105, 218.9]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 5105, 0.46850733]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 5105, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 5105, 0.00904977]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 5105, 0.04298643]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 5105, 0.01960784]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 5105, 0.00804424]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 5105, 0.0811044]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 5105, 0.14063848]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 5105, 0.344]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 5105, 3.978]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 5105, 0.00086281]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 5105, 5.09464078]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 5105, 1000.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 23, 1.0], [23, 84, 0.0], [84, 831, 1.0], [831, 1568, 1.0], [1568, 1877, 1.0], [1877, 1901, 0.0], [1901, 2197, 1.0], [2197, 2866, 1.0], [2866, 3263, 1.0], [3263, 3915, 1.0], [3915, 4540, 1.0], [4540, 5030, 1.0], [5030, 5057, 1.0], [5057, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 84, 0.0], [84, 831, 0.0], [831, 1568, 0.0], [1568, 1877, 0.0], [1877, 1901, 0.0], [1901, 2197, 0.0], [2197, 2866, 0.0], [2866, 3263, 0.0], [3263, 3915, 0.0], [3915, 4540, 0.0], [4540, 5030, 0.0], [5030, 5057, 0.0], [5057, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 23, 4.0], [23, 84, 12.0], [84, 831, 155.0], [831, 1568, 147.0], [1568, 1877, 65.0], [1877, 1901, 3.0], [1901, 2197, 54.0], [2197, 2866, 134.0], [2866, 3263, 78.0], [3263, 3915, 130.0], [3915, 4540, 115.0], [4540, 5030, 90.0], [5030, 5057, 3.0], [5057, 5105, 10.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 84, 0.10344828], [84, 831, 0.0], [831, 1568, 0.00277393], [1568, 1877, 0.0], [1877, 1901, 0.0], [1901, 2197, 0.0], [2197, 2866, 0.0015361], [2866, 3263, 0.00258398], [3263, 3915, 0.00157978], [3915, 4540, 0.00164204], [4540, 5030, 0.00209644], [5030, 5057, 0.0], [5057, 5105, 0.15217391]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 23, 0.0], [23, 84, 0.0], [84, 831, 0.0], [831, 1568, 0.0], [1568, 1877, 0.0], [1877, 1901, 0.0], [1901, 2197, 0.0], [2197, 2866, 0.0], [2866, 3263, 0.0], [3263, 3915, 0.0], [3915, 4540, 0.0], [4540, 5030, 0.0], [5030, 5057, 0.0], [5057, 5105, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 23, 0.04347826], [23, 84, 0.09836066], [84, 831, 0.05220884], [831, 1568, 0.0339213], [1568, 1877, 0.01618123], [1877, 1901, 0.04166667], [1901, 2197, 0.01351351], [2197, 2866, 0.02391629], [2866, 3263, 0.03274559], [3263, 3915, 0.03220859], [3915, 4540, 0.0224], [4540, 5030, 0.01632653], [5030, 5057, 0.11111111], [5057, 5105, 0.125]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 5105, 0.01600981]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 5105, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 5105, 0.00341135]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 5105, -105.88197458]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 5105, 20.18160202]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 5105, -721.36252603]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 5105, 77.0]]} |
The expression: Albumen
The protein of egg whites .
Retrieved from "https://new.chefpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albumen&oldid=113" | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1935 | {"url": "https://chefpedia.org/wiki/Albumen", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "chefpedia.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:04:40Z", "digest": "sha1:Z65VHKGMRT6RMW2RTHHCW7YRFFCFYT7K"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 130, 130.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 130, 786.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 130, 3.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 130, 41.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 130, 0.56]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 130, 283.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 130, 0.11428571]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 130, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 130, 0.42857143]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 130, 0.90909091]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 130, 9.36363636]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 130, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 130, 2.27186851]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 130, 11.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 52, 1.0], [52, 130, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 52, 0.0], [52, 130, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 24, 3.0], [24, 52, 5.0], [52, 130, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 52, 0.0], [52, 130, 0.046875]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 52, 0.0], [52, 130, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 24, 0.08333333], [24, 52, 0.03571429], [52, 130, 0.02564103]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 130, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 130, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 130, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 130, -30.3581266]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 130, -14.15704583]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 130, -18.18648779]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 130, 6.0]]} |
3rd Edition of
Chemistry World Conference
June 14-15, 2023 | Online Event
Chemistry 2023
Puru Jena
Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
Dr. Puru Jena, Distinguished Professor of Physics at Virginia Commonwealth University, received his Ph. D. from the University of California, Riverside. He also served as Program Director at the Materials Science Division of the National Science Foundation during 1986-87 and as Jefferson Science Fellow and Senior Science Advisor at the US Department of State during 2007-08. Dr. Jena’s research covers a wide range of topics in nano-structured materials, condensed matter Physics, and materials Science. He is the author of more than 650 papers including 14 edited books. According to Google scholar, he has an H index of 90 and his papers have been cited 34,000 times. He has given over 500 invited talks in 33 countries, including over 250 invited talks at international conferences and has organized 60 international conferences.Some of Dr.Jena’s many honors include: Prof. A. K. Chandra Memorial award of the Indian Chemical Society, Fellow of the American Physical Society; Outstanding Scientist of Virginia; Presidential Medallion, University Award of Excellence, and Outstanding Scholar of Virginia Commonwealth University; and Outstanding Faculty Award from the State Council of Higher Education of Virginia. He has served as a member of numerous scientific panels at the National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, Army Research Office, Virginia Governor’s task force on green energy technologies and co-chaired the Presidential Commission on bilateral scientific collaboration between USA and Russia.
Title : Chemistry beyond conventional wisdom | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1936 | {"url": "https://chemistryworldconference.com/speaker/puru-jena", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "chemistryworldconference.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:21:26Z", "digest": "sha1:VDBVIZMCVFOGAAS4FLHILQCV5NZPWSJJ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1741, 1741.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1741, 3164.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1741, 8.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1741, 90.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1741, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1741, 93.9]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1741, 0.26045016]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1741, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1741, 0.04158004]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1741, 0.06237006]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1741, 0.0192926]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1741, 0.20578778]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1741, 0.59288538]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1741, 5.70355731]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1741, 4.68860801]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1741, 253.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 42, 0.0], [42, 74, 0.0], [74, 89, 0.0], [89, 99, 0.0], [99, 147, 0.0], [147, 1697, 1.0], [1697, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 42, 0.0], [42, 74, 0.0], [74, 89, 0.0], [89, 99, 0.0], [99, 147, 0.0], [147, 1697, 0.0], [1697, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 15, 3.0], [15, 42, 3.0], [42, 74, 5.0], [74, 89, 2.0], [89, 99, 2.0], [99, 147, 5.0], [147, 1697, 228.0], [1697, 1741, 5.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 15, 0.07142857], [15, 42, 0.0], [42, 74, 0.2962963], [74, 89, 0.28571429], [89, 99, 0.0], [99, 147, 0.0], [147, 1697, 0.02251656], [1697, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 42, 0.0], [42, 74, 0.0], [74, 89, 0.0], [89, 99, 0.0], [99, 147, 0.0], [147, 1697, 0.0], [1697, 1741, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 15, 0.06666667], [15, 42, 0.11111111], [42, 74, 0.09375], [74, 89, 0.06666667], [89, 99, 0.2], [99, 147, 0.10416667], [147, 1697, 0.06322581], [1697, 1741, 0.04545455]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1741, 0.18358314]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1741, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1741, 0.98665017]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1741, -75.73569335]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1741, -1.71291057]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1741, 40.18061587]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1741, 17.0]]} |
San Francisco Personal Injury Attorney Teresa Li Gets $500,000 For Side-Struck Driver
Jul 27, 2022 Attorney, change day, cryptocurrency, Driver, Francisco, injury, personal, San, SideStruck, Stock Exchange, Stocks, Teresa
SAN FRANCISCO, CA / ACCESS CABLE / July 27, 2022 / Personal injury attorney Teresa Li, founder of the Law Offices of Teresa Li, PCannounced today that he won $500,000 for his client who was hit.
According to court documents, Li’s client, a 54-year-old woman, suffered a concussion and annular tears to her cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) discs when she was struck on the passenger side when another driver improperly changed lanes on Alma Street near the Caltrain station in Palo Alto, CA on July 17, 2018.
Li’s client was on her way home after dropping off her daughter at the Caltrain station. After the impact, Li’s client refused an ambulance and went to see a chiropractor the same day for her injuries. Later, she checked into an emergency room for neck pain. Her primary care doctor diagnosed her with neck strain and concussion. At the time of the collision, Li’s client was a part-time administrative assistant and a part-time real estate agent. Due to her injuries, she had to quit her real estate job and became a full-time administrative assistant to minimize her loss of wages.
Both the other driver and Li’s client have Travelers Commercial Insurance Company. On January 8, 2020, Li’s client filed a lawsuit in Santa Clara Superior Court (Case No. 20CV361494). The case reached the $100,000 policy limit settlement on July 20, 2020 with the other driver’s insurance. Li’s client then demanded arbitration against his own insurance company for underinsured motorist coverage that carries another $400,000 policy limit.
Travelers disputed that Li’s client suffered a concussion and annular disc tears in his cervical and lumbar spine, but less than 2 weeks before the arbitration for the underinsured motorist claim, Travelers filed the second limit of the insurance policy. $400,000 on July 20, 2022.
“I am glad that Travelers has finally stepped up and fulfilled their contractual obligation to pay their own insured for the personal injuries they sustained. That’s what insurance is for,” said Teresa Li.
teresa li
About Teresa Li, Law Offices of Teresa Li, PC
Teresa Li has recovered more than $20 million on behalf of injured clients. She specializes in traumatic brain injuries/concussions in addition to other practice areas including brain injuries, automobiles, trucks, bicycles, and motorcycle accidents, wrongful death and more. Li has been repeatedly selected by Super Lawyers Magazine as a Super Lawyers Rising Star and has been included in the list of Top Women Attorneys in Northern California. She is a member of the Litigation Counsel of America, which only 0.5% of attorneys are invited to join. For more information, call (888) 635-3259 or visit http://www.lawofficesofteresali.com. The law office is located at 315 Montgomery Street, 9th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104. To read more about Teresa Li in the news, visit the Law Offices of Teresa Li, PC.
FONT: Law Offices of Teresa Li, PC
https://www.accesswire.com/709880/San-Francisco-Personal-Injury-Attorney-Teresa-Li-Obtains-500000-for-Driver-Who-Was-Sideswiped
NuGen MD begins trading on the OTCQB under the symbol ‘NGMDF’
Cinedigm Acquires Buzzy SXSW Movie Produced By Meryl Streep, Sale/Buy/Date | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1937 | {"url": "https://chigagotimes.com/san-francisco-personal-injury-attorney-teresa-li-gets-500000-for-side-struck-driver/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "chigagotimes.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:29:43Z", "digest": "sha1:SLDFCMBCZOQL5BAR53B6VASUWABGDMKW"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3413, 3413.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3413, 5465.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3413, 15.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3413, 78.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3413, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3413, 275.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3413, 0.26647966]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3413, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3413, 0.07628042]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3413, 0.03341809]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3413, 0.03196513]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3413, 0.01743552]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3413, 0.02615329]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3413, 0.02384292]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3413, 0.24403927]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3413, 0.52471483]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3413, 5.2338403]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3413, 5.21409803]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3413, 526.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 86, 0.0], [86, 222, 0.0], [222, 417, 1.0], [417, 737, 1.0], [737, 1321, 1.0], [1321, 1762, 1.0], [1762, 2044, 1.0], [2044, 2250, 1.0], [2250, 2260, 0.0], [2260, 2306, 0.0], [2306, 3114, 1.0], [3114, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3339, 0.0], [3339, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 86, 0.0], [86, 222, 0.0], [222, 417, 0.0], [417, 737, 0.0], [737, 1321, 0.0], [1321, 1762, 0.0], [1762, 2044, 0.0], [2044, 2250, 0.0], [2250, 2260, 0.0], [2260, 2306, 0.0], [2306, 3114, 0.0], [3114, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3339, 0.0], [3339, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 86, 12.0], [86, 222, 17.0], [222, 417, 33.0], [417, 737, 53.0], [737, 1321, 100.0], [1321, 1762, 66.0], [1762, 2044, 45.0], [2044, 2250, 33.0], [2250, 2260, 2.0], [2260, 2306, 9.0], [2306, 3114, 127.0], [3114, 3149, 7.0], [3149, 3277, 1.0], [3277, 3339, 11.0], [3339, 3413, 10.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 86, 0.07317073], [86, 222, 0.04878049], [222, 417, 0.06629834], [417, 737, 0.02605863], [737, 1321, 0.0], [1321, 1762, 0.07276995], [1762, 2044, 0.04744526], [2044, 2250, 0.0], [2250, 2260, 0.0], [2260, 2306, 0.0], [2306, 3114, 0.02963918], [3114, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3277, 0.11214953], [3277, 3339, 0.0], [3339, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 86, 0.0], [86, 222, 0.0], [222, 417, 0.0], [417, 737, 0.0], [737, 1321, 0.0], [1321, 1762, 0.0], [1762, 2044, 0.0], [2044, 2250, 0.0], [2250, 2260, 0.0], [2260, 2306, 0.0], [2306, 3114, 0.0], [3114, 3149, 0.0], [3149, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3339, 0.0], [3339, 3413, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 86, 0.13953488], [86, 222, 0.08088235], [222, 417, 0.17948718], [417, 737, 0.03125], [737, 1321, 0.01541096], [1321, 1762, 0.04535147], [1762, 2044, 0.0141844], [2044, 2250, 0.02427184], [2250, 2260, 0.0], [2260, 2306, 0.19565217], [2306, 3114, 0.0470297], [3114, 3149, 0.28571429], [3149, 3277, 0.09375], [3277, 3339, 0.22580645], [3339, 3413, 0.2027027]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3413, 0.00499547]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3413, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3413, 0.46410245]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3413, -277.66808278]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3413, -13.1764412]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3413, -89.49394489]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3413, 30.0]]} |
1 Kings 12:1 >>
43 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1938 | {"url": "https://christian.net/bible/?version=asv&book=1%20kings&chapter=11&verse=43", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "christian.net", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:10:53Z", "digest": "sha1:3AHODHDBRSQXF4TTUSD6B5S3I3MYKS5M"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 145, 145.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 145, 3394.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 145, 2.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 145, 70.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 145, 1.0]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 145, 112.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 145, 0.35294118]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 145, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 145, 0.26470588]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 145, 0.78571429]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 145, 3.96428571]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 145, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 145, 2.96694349]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 145, 28.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 16, 0.0], [16, 145, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 16, 0.0], [16, 145, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 16, 3.0], [16, 145, 25.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 16, 0.36363636], [16, 145, 0.01587302]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 16, 0.0], [16, 145, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 16, 0.0625], [16, 145, 0.03100775]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 145, 0.04998529]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 145, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 145, -9.89e-06]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 145, -2.27011893]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 145, -3.42698759]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 145, 4.33683272]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 145, 1.0]]} |
<< Mark 5:9
10 And he besought him much that he would not send them away out of the country. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1939 | {"url": "https://christian.net/bible/?version=asv&book=mark&chapter=5&verse=10", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "christian.net", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:21:30Z", "digest": "sha1:EGBFVBM4IUJSLJ6OIHLHJKVWO74S2DY3"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 92, 92.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 92, 3313.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 92, 2.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 92, 70.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 92, 0.99]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 92, 169.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 92, 0.52173913]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 92, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 92, 0.26086957]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 92, 0.94736842]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 92, 3.63157895]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 92, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 92, 2.87147612]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 92, 19.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 92, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 92, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 12, 2.0], [12, 92, 17.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 12, 0.28571429], [12, 92, 0.02531646]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 12, 0.0], [12, 92, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 12, 0.08333333], [12, 92, 0.0125]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 92, 0.5560801]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 92, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 92, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 92, 8.17497973]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 92, 4.6791901]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 92, -3.87595427]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 92, 1.0]]} |
Books, Plays, and Driver’s Tests
by Christine | Life, Observations | 10 comments
I know, I’ve been AWOL from the blog lately. Lots going on in my world. Here’s a bit of it all.
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
Yeah, so the last couple of weeks I’ve immersed myself in the Harry Potter world (again). What a joy! What an absolute vacation from the world! I’ve had to borrow them from my sons (both boys have the set), and each time I got close to the end, the next book would show up on the edge of my bed. (They are SO good to me!)
I don’t know what drew me to read them this time around. Maybe a bit of turmoil in my professional life? At any rate, I’m glad I did. I needed something to “take me away”, and even Calgon can irritate delicate tissues. If you know what I mean.
Last night, I finished off Book Seven. This morning, I found myself needing to re-read the last fifty pages or so. Fred’s death is heartbreaking; Molly charging up the stairs to get at Bellatrix gives me that “yay, you GO girl” feeling. Neville, becoming a hero, warms my heart, and through it all are Harry, Ron and Hermione fighting the good fight. Even when they save Draco (“that’s twice, you git”) it’s heartwarming. And the very ending, seventeen years later (or is that nineteen)? Melty goodness. I loved that Ron had to Confund the driving examiner, lol! So that’s what I’ve been reading.
I’ve been seeing a lot of plays lately (and with the Los Angeles Fringe Festival coming up, I’m betting I’ll be seeing a lot MORE plays very soon). But I don’t review plays, generally. HOWEVER: For a glimpse into the play I saw last weekend called The Accomplice, go to Tameri Etherton’s blog for a rundown (plus photos – too fun!). She calls it “The strangest play I’ve ever ‘seen’.” It helps that my hubby is in it. Plus, hello – San Diego! Absolutely beautiful. They’re looking to run through July, so if you can, do go see it. Tameri has the details.
and Driver’s Tests
So my youngest has passed his driver’s test this week. Not only that, but he drove himself to school yesterday (on the freeway – both ways!!!) to take a final. At 19, he’s pretty steady, and I’m very glad he waited to start driving. Now both my boys can drive, we’ll see who gets out of the house more.
Cal State Northridge logo
Plus, they’re both accepted into California State University, Northridge. Which kind of takes my breath away – I have no idea how we’re going to afford it, so this will be an interesting summer as they figure out financial aid. Youngest son has a summer job, oldest is still looking, and in the meantime $2 to play the Powerball doesn’t seem like too much money when you look at the return (if you win, of course).
So, that’s been most of my month of May. Oh, and I’m planning a revamp of the blog/website, which always takes time.
What are you reading/seeing/testing for lately? Anything good? I’m in the market for new books (HA! Not really, and yet again, I’m always looking for new stuff…) so please give me your recommendations!
Thanks for dropping by. Until next time, cheers!
Tameri Etherton on May 17, 2013 at 10:11 am
Hey, thanks for the shout out! I had way too much fun running around Little Italy with you last weekend. Oh my, your son got his license! Mine is already asking when we can show him how to drive ~ he’ll be fifteen in a few weeks. I keep telling him to simmer down, he’s got time! I don’t even want to think about college yet.
Reading, what a fabulous idea. I’m going to set aside time each day and read. Yes, that’s what I’m going to do. Starting today.
Christine on May 18, 2013 at 8:02 am
You can do it! You CAN read. I can’t get through my day without picking up a book, lol…hugs honey!
Left-Brained Business for Write-Brained People on May 17, 2013 at 11:13 am
Sounds like you’re having a fine summer–reading great books, seeing good plays, congratulating wonderful kids. The college cost curse is dreadful, I know, but financial aid is a great thing, and as long as your family keeps everything in perspective it can be manageable. I do an award-winning college planner each year that goes out to all our area high schools and college fairs (we took Gold at the Parenting Publications of America conference this year, and have garnered silver consistently in the last five years. It’s focused on our state, of course, instead of yours, but it covers things like financial aid and things to do to help you fund college, along with other college-bound related topics. This is the link for the PDF of the magazine if you’d like to take a look. http://www.pageturnpro.com/TulsaKids-Magazine/43161-2012-College-Planner/index.html#1
Also, saw something earlier this week and thought I’d pass it along since you’ve been in Potter-mode. This link shows J.K. Rowling’s handwritten Harry Potter series spreadsheet. Enjoy! http://flavorwire.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/rowling.jpg
Enjoy those boys!
OOH, Joanie, thanks for the links. Will go check them out right now. They’ll be starting University in their Junior year more or less, but still a plan is always good. Cheers!
Kelli Jo Calvert on May 17, 2013 at 1:09 pm
I, too, will be re-reading Harry very soon! That is a every-Summer thing. Harry Fest! This will actually only be the third Summer as I waited until I’d seen all the movies to start reading, but…
As for what I’m reading right now, I guess I’m reading Trinity: Military War Dog by Ronie Kendig. 🙂
Kelli Jo, I used to re-read the LOTR books every Christmas. I like doing the HP books every summer…great idea!
KatieO on May 17, 2013 at 3:35 pm
My oldest son is currently rereading his Harry Potter books to help him thru the stress which is the end of Junior year in High School. And I can’t even imagine how I’m going to feel when son #2 gets his driver’s license – isn’t it bad enough that one son is off driving around? Gahh- Sounds like you’re hanging in there and smiling. It’s what moms do best 😉
Christine Ashworth on May 17, 2013 at 3:39 pm
Sounds like your kid is ready to grow up. Mine took a while to get there, lol!
Maria Powers on May 18, 2013 at 1:20 pm
Hmm, I am reading Revealed by Kate Noble. Just started it. She was at OCC last week with a fabulous presentation and she used this book as an example so now I must read it. Yes, yes, reading a romance books for LEARNING purposes. {wink}
Kim Cleary on May 18, 2013 at 6:13 pm
Reading is a great antidote to too much going on – and the Harry Potter books are awesome. You must be very proud of your boys 🙂 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1940 | {"url": "https://christine-ashworth.com/books-plays-and-drivers-tests/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "christine-ashworth.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:02:15Z", "digest": "sha1:EAS7I5SCTIDXYRSVLCHYFTR35ZK2CRKB"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 6488, 6488.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 6488, 7520.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 6488, 37.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 6488, 82.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 6488, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 6488, 326.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 6488, 0.00030826]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 6488, 0.40545685]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 6488, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 6488, 0.02056149]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 6488, 0.00790826]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 6488, 0.00691973]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 6488, 0.01087386]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 6488, 0.03870558]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 6488, 0.02702703]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 6488, 0.22017766]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 6488, 0.43305085]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 6488, 4.28644068]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 6488, 0.00380711]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 6488, 5.71404992]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 6488, 1180.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 81, 0.0], [81, 177, 1.0], [177, 215, 0.0], [215, 537, 0.0], [537, 781, 1.0], [781, 1378, 1.0], [1378, 1933, 1.0], [1933, 1952, 0.0], [1952, 2255, 1.0], [2255, 2281, 0.0], [2281, 2696, 1.0], [2696, 2813, 1.0], [2813, 3015, 1.0], [3015, 3064, 1.0], [3064, 3108, 0.0], [3108, 3434, 1.0], [3434, 3562, 1.0], [3562, 3599, 0.0], [3599, 3698, 1.0], [3698, 3773, 0.0], [3773, 4640, 0.0], [4640, 4883, 0.0], [4883, 4901, 1.0], [4901, 5077, 1.0], [5077, 5121, 0.0], [5121, 5316, 0.0], [5316, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5527, 1.0], [5527, 5561, 0.0], [5561, 5920, 0.0], [5920, 5966, 0.0], [5966, 6045, 1.0], [6045, 6085, 0.0], [6085, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6360, 0.0], [6360, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 81, 0.0], [81, 177, 0.0], [177, 215, 0.0], [215, 537, 0.0], [537, 781, 0.0], [781, 1378, 0.0], [1378, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 1952, 0.0], [1952, 2255, 0.0], [2255, 2281, 0.0], [2281, 2696, 0.0], [2696, 2813, 0.0], [2813, 3015, 0.0], [3015, 3064, 0.0], [3064, 3108, 0.0], [3108, 3434, 0.0], [3434, 3562, 0.0], [3562, 3599, 0.0], [3599, 3698, 0.0], [3698, 3773, 0.0], [3773, 4640, 0.0], [4640, 4883, 0.0], [4883, 4901, 0.0], [4901, 5077, 0.0], [5077, 5121, 0.0], [5121, 5316, 0.0], [5316, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5527, 0.0], [5527, 5561, 0.0], [5561, 5920, 0.0], [5920, 5966, 0.0], [5966, 6045, 0.0], [6045, 6085, 0.0], [6085, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6360, 0.0], [6360, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 33, 5.0], [33, 81, 6.0], [81, 177, 21.0], [177, 215, 6.0], [215, 537, 66.0], [537, 781, 48.0], [781, 1378, 103.0], [1378, 1933, 103.0], [1933, 1952, 3.0], [1952, 2255, 59.0], [2255, 2281, 4.0], [2281, 2696, 76.0], [2696, 2813, 22.0], [2813, 3015, 33.0], [3015, 3064, 8.0], [3064, 3108, 9.0], [3108, 3434, 65.0], [3434, 3562, 24.0], [3562, 3599, 8.0], [3599, 3698, 20.0], [3698, 3773, 12.0], [3773, 4640, 136.0], [4640, 4883, 29.0], [4883, 4901, 3.0], [4901, 5077, 32.0], [5077, 5121, 10.0], [5121, 5316, 36.0], [5316, 5416, 19.0], [5416, 5527, 20.0], [5527, 5561, 8.0], [5561, 5920, 70.0], [5920, 5966, 9.0], [5966, 6045, 17.0], [6045, 6085, 9.0], [6085, 6322, 45.0], [6322, 6360, 9.0], [6360, 6488, 27.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 81, 0.04761905], [81, 177, 0.0], [177, 215, 0.0], [215, 537, 0.0], [537, 781, 0.0], [781, 1378, 0.0], [1378, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 1952, 0.0], [1952, 2255, 0.00692042], [2255, 2281, 0.0], [2281, 2696, 0.00248756], [2696, 2813, 0.0], [2813, 3015, 0.0], [3015, 3064, 0.0], [3064, 3108, 0.24390244], [3108, 3434, 0.0], [3434, 3562, 0.0], [3562, 3599, 0.26470588], [3599, 3698, 0.0], [3698, 3773, 0.14285714], [3773, 4640, 0.01199041], [4640, 4883, 0.02666667], [4883, 4901, 0.0], [4901, 5077, 0.0], [5077, 5121, 0.2195122], [5121, 5316, 0.0], [5316, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5527, 0.0], [5527, 5561, 0.29032258], [5561, 5920, 0.00283286], [5920, 5966, 0.20930233], [5966, 6045, 0.0], [6045, 6085, 0.24324324], [6085, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6360, 0.25714286], [6360, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 81, 0.0], [81, 177, 0.0], [177, 215, 0.0], [215, 537, 0.0], [537, 781, 0.0], [781, 1378, 0.0], [1378, 1933, 0.0], [1933, 1952, 0.0], [1952, 2255, 0.0], [2255, 2281, 0.0], [2281, 2696, 0.0], [2696, 2813, 0.0], [2813, 3015, 0.0], [3015, 3064, 0.0], [3064, 3108, 0.0], [3108, 3434, 0.0], [3434, 3562, 0.0], [3562, 3599, 0.0], [3599, 3698, 0.0], [3698, 3773, 0.0], [3773, 4640, 0.0], [4640, 4883, 0.0], [4883, 4901, 0.0], [4901, 5077, 0.0], [5077, 5121, 0.0], [5121, 5316, 0.0], [5316, 5416, 0.0], [5416, 5527, 0.0], [5527, 5561, 0.0], [5561, 5920, 0.0], [5920, 5966, 0.0], [5966, 6045, 0.0], [6045, 6085, 0.0], [6085, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6360, 0.0], [6360, 6488, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 33, 0.12121212], [33, 81, 0.0625], [81, 177, 0.08333333], [177, 215, 0.10526316], [215, 537, 0.03416149], [537, 781, 0.03688525], [781, 1378, 0.04020101], [1378, 1933, 0.06666667], [1933, 1952, 0.10526316], [1952, 2255, 0.01650165], [2255, 2281, 0.11538462], [2281, 2696, 0.02168675], [2696, 2813, 0.03418803], [2813, 3015, 0.03465347], [3015, 3064, 0.04081633], [3064, 3108, 0.06818182], [3108, 3434, 0.02453988], [3434, 3562, 0.0390625], [3562, 3599, 0.05405405], [3599, 3698, 0.06060606], [3698, 3773, 0.09333333], [3773, 4640, 0.02076125], [4640, 4883, 0.04115226], [4883, 4901, 0.05555556], [4901, 5077, 0.05113636], [5077, 5121, 0.09090909], [5121, 5316, 0.05128205], [5316, 5416, 0.1], [5416, 5527, 0.0990991], [5527, 5561, 0.08823529], [5561, 5920, 0.03342618], [5920, 5966, 0.06521739], [5966, 6045, 0.02531646], [6045, 6085, 0.075], [6085, 6322, 0.08438819], [6322, 6360, 0.07894737], [6360, 6488, 0.03125]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 6488, 0.02991599]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 6488, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 6488, 0.03712523]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 6488, -647.29024456]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 6488, -35.38203184]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 6488, -1048.77322911]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 6488, 99.0]]} |
Staff Selects: Bad Roommates
To keep up with the horror theme and celebrate the release of The War with Grandpa, we’re talking about one of the most horrific things that can happen to someone, having a bad roommate. We’re not just limiting it to the type you’d find in a college dorm though, after all, what is a spouse…
Read more Staff Selects: Bad Roommates
Staff Selects: Horror
Staff Selects is back and we’re kicking off October with a selection of some horror films that we thought are underseen or else we just wanted to write about. Tetsuo: The Iron Man Shinya Tsukamoto’s cyberpunk fever dream of a film begins with a man—the “Metal Fetishist”—slicing open his thigh with a knife and then…
Read more Staff Selects: Horror
New and Improved: Three Horror Remakes That Surpass the Original Classics
Generally, remakes tend to have a negative connotation to them that immediately invokes revulsion. The idea of attempting to remake something original or beloved is almost like some sort of forbidden fruit when it comes to cinema, and more often than not, it’s for good reason (I’m looking at you Disney). However, there are always…
Read more New and Improved: Three Horror Remakes That Surpass the Original Classics
Staff Selects: Christmas Movies
Not everyone is fortunate enough to celebrate this Valentine’s Day with a loved one, so indulge us, if you will, and share in our celebration of a different holiday – one that reminds us of the power of joy (and capitalism). This week, our staff highlights some of our favorite Christmas movies: Elf Though I…
Read more Staff Selects: Christmas Movies
Like a Fine Wine – Friday the 13th and Aging Into Stardom
Note: This article contains spoilers for Friday the 13th (1980). There are a lot of films throughout the course of the history of the medium that age into obscurity. For every Hitchcock or Kurosawa, there are hundreds of other filmmakers whose work has vanished from the public consciousness. As societal norms shift, so does the…
Read more Like a Fine Wine – Friday the 13th and Aging Into Stardom
Staff Selects: John Carpenter
During a long career, John Carpenter has established himself as one of the greatest directors of horror and science fiction. Here we highlight some of our favorite films of his. Halloween (1978) “[Horror] never dies. It just keeps getting reinvented and it always will. Horror is a universal language; we’re all afraid. We’re born afraid,…
Read more Staff Selects: John Carpenter | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1941 | {"url": "https://cinemaetcetera.com/tag/halloween/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cinemaetcetera.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:37:19Z", "digest": "sha1:SSQ6ZQJKBSTCX3V4JS225FIUQRKKUED5"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2472, 2472.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2472, 3410.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2472, 18.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2472, 68.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2472, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2472, 330.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2472, 0.40963855]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2472, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2472, 0.10789211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2472, 0.10789211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2472, 0.10789211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2472, 0.10789211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2472, 0.10789211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2472, 0.10789211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2472, 0.05394605]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2472, 0.02597403]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2472, 0.03996004]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2472, 0.00401606]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2472, 0.33333333]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2472, 0.14658635]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2472, 0.52392344]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2472, 4.78947368]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2472, 0.01204819]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2472, 4.97311284]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2472, 418.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 321, 0.0], [321, 360, 0.0], [360, 382, 0.0], [382, 699, 0.0], [699, 731, 0.0], [731, 805, 0.0], [805, 1138, 0.0], [1138, 1222, 0.0], [1222, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1564, 0.0], [1564, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1664, 0.0], [1664, 1995, 0.0], [1995, 2063, 0.0], [2063, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2433, 0.0], [2433, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 321, 0.0], [321, 360, 0.0], [360, 382, 0.0], [382, 699, 0.0], [699, 731, 0.0], [731, 805, 0.0], [805, 1138, 0.0], [1138, 1222, 0.0], [1222, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1564, 0.0], [1564, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1664, 0.0], [1664, 1995, 0.0], [1995, 2063, 0.0], [2063, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2433, 0.0], [2433, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 29, 4.0], [29, 321, 55.0], [321, 360, 6.0], [360, 382, 3.0], [382, 699, 55.0], [699, 731, 5.0], [731, 805, 11.0], [805, 1138, 55.0], [1138, 1222, 13.0], [1222, 1254, 4.0], [1254, 1564, 55.0], [1564, 1606, 6.0], [1606, 1664, 12.0], [1664, 1995, 55.0], [1995, 2063, 14.0], [2063, 2093, 4.0], [2093, 2433, 55.0], [2433, 2472, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 321, 0.0], [321, 360, 0.0], [360, 382, 0.0], [382, 699, 0.0], [699, 731, 0.0], [731, 805, 0.0], [805, 1138, 0.0], [1138, 1222, 0.0], [1222, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1564, 0.0], [1564, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1664, 0.03508772], [1664, 1995, 0.01863354], [1995, 2063, 0.02985075], [2063, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2433, 0.01223242], [2433, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 29, 0.0], [29, 321, 0.0], [321, 360, 0.0], [360, 382, 0.0], [382, 699, 0.0], [699, 731, 0.0], [731, 805, 0.0], [805, 1138, 0.0], [1138, 1222, 0.0], [1222, 1254, 0.0], [1254, 1564, 0.0], [1564, 1606, 0.0], [1606, 1664, 0.0], [1664, 1995, 0.0], [1995, 2063, 0.0], [2063, 2093, 0.0], [2093, 2433, 0.0], [2433, 2472, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 29, 0.13793103], [29, 321, 0.01712329], [321, 360, 0.12820513], [360, 382, 0.13636364], [382, 699, 0.03470032], [699, 731, 0.125], [731, 805, 0.12162162], [805, 1138, 0.01501502], [1138, 1222, 0.11904762], [1222, 1254, 0.125], [1254, 1564, 0.02580645], [1564, 1606, 0.11904762], [1606, 1664, 0.12068966], [1664, 1995, 0.02416918], [1995, 2063, 0.11764706], [2063, 2093, 0.13333333], [2093, 2433, 0.02647059], [2433, 2472, 0.12820513]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2472, 0.42950332]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2472, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2472, 0.11234277]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2472, -153.54629649]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2472, 24.79889402]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2472, -156.36810007]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2472, 14.0]]} |
An accountant suddenly suffers from amnesia. This appears related to the suicide of his boss. Now some violent thugs are out to get him. They work for a shadowy figure known simply as The Major.
Directed by Edward Dmytryk.
Written by Howard Fast (novel “Fallen Angel”) and Peter Stone (screenplay).
Starring Gregory Peck, Diane Baker and Walter Matthau.
Welcome to Classic Movie Trailers.
I created this channel just because i really like classic movies and i just felt like sharing. There may be plenty of movies here that you haven’t seen or heard of, so the trailers may help you find something new to watch.
Here you will find a number of trailers, clips and title sequences from classic films of various genres and a small number of full movies too.
My own definition of a ‘classic movie’ for the purpose of this channel, is up to but not including 1980.
I do not claim to own the copyright to any of the content presented here. I do however believe it is within the fair use principles under Section 107 of the Copyright Act and all materials are presented for such fair use purposes, such as commentary, criticism, teaching, and news reporting.
This channel is not monetized and so i receive no revenue from it at all.
Tags: (1965) classic cmt mirage movie Trailers
Previous: The Queen of Spades (1949)
Next: Fear in the Night (1972) | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1942 | {"url": "https://cinetvstream.news/mirage-1965/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cinetvstream.news", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:08:58Z", "digest": "sha1:ND5XYEW7EKQGXXCOAUGZEUMSJEMKXUNQ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1340, 1340.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1340, 5965.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1340, 13.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1340, 218.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1340, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1340, 244.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1340, 0.42028986]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1340, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1340, 0.03086997]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1340, 0.0243218]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1340, 0.01086957]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1340, 0.15942029]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1340, 0.6440678]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1340, 4.52966102]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1340, 4.76342012]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1340, 236.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 195, 1.0], [195, 223, 1.0], [223, 299, 1.0], [299, 354, 1.0], [354, 389, 1.0], [389, 612, 1.0], [612, 755, 1.0], [755, 860, 1.0], [860, 1152, 1.0], [1152, 1226, 1.0], [1226, 1273, 0.0], [1273, 1310, 0.0], [1310, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 195, 0.0], [195, 223, 0.0], [223, 299, 0.0], [299, 354, 0.0], [354, 389, 0.0], [389, 612, 0.0], [612, 755, 0.0], [755, 860, 0.0], [860, 1152, 0.0], [1152, 1226, 0.0], [1226, 1273, 0.0], [1273, 1310, 0.0], [1310, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 195, 35.0], [195, 223, 4.0], [223, 299, 11.0], [299, 354, 8.0], [354, 389, 5.0], [389, 612, 42.0], [612, 755, 26.0], [755, 860, 20.0], [860, 1152, 51.0], [1152, 1226, 15.0], [1226, 1273, 7.0], [1273, 1310, 6.0], [1310, 1340, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 195, 0.0], [195, 223, 0.0], [223, 299, 0.0], [299, 354, 0.0], [354, 389, 0.0], [389, 612, 0.0], [612, 755, 0.0], [755, 860, 0.03921569], [860, 1152, 0.01052632], [1152, 1226, 0.0], [1226, 1273, 0.09302326], [1273, 1310, 0.12121212], [1310, 1340, 0.14814815]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 195, 0.0], [195, 223, 0.0], [223, 299, 0.0], [299, 354, 0.0], [354, 389, 0.0], [389, 612, 0.0], [612, 755, 0.0], [755, 860, 0.0], [860, 1152, 0.0], [1152, 1226, 0.0], [1226, 1273, 0.0], [1273, 1310, 0.0], [1310, 1340, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 195, 0.03076923], [195, 223, 0.10714286], [223, 299, 0.09210526], [299, 354, 0.12727273], [354, 389, 0.11428571], [389, 612, 0.00896861], [612, 755, 0.00699301], [755, 860, 0.00952381], [860, 1152, 0.01712329], [1152, 1226, 0.01351351], [1226, 1273, 0.04255319], [1273, 1310, 0.10810811], [1310, 1340, 0.1]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1340, 0.03348267]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1340, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1340, 0.02631557]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1340, -48.11954048]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1340, -10.33090212]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1340, -64.06708966]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1340, 16.0]]} |
Who Will Be The Artist?
Have you ever tried to be an artist?
I remember in elementary school art class, painting, drawing and even sculpting something. It wasn’t good but for a moment, I was an artist.
What did you make in school?
I’m sure like me, at some point in art class, you made something and for a moment, you were an artist.
Being an artist is a gift and when we see their work, we admire it. There’s something about artwork that when it’s great, we remember it and it speaks to us.
What’s interesting to me is that God made us to recognize art and it’s a big part of our culture. So much of our style, design and ideas come from an artistic touch. If you’re like me, it’s not easy to explain, but we respond to it and feel it.
This speaks to something deeper on the inside of us that comes from God; the greatest artist!
He’s the one that gave us sunrises, sunsets, mountain ranges, beaches, the stars, the moon and so much more. His creativity is seen in flowers and animals as they display colors, differences and details that only he could do.
But his greatest artwork is us!
That’s right, we are his masterpiece, created by him and for him.
“For we are God’s masterpiece. He has created us anew in Christ Jesus, so we can do the good things he planned for us long ago.”
The word masterpiece means, work of art. Therefore, our bodies, personality, features and more, reflect his artwork. We are uniquely and wonderfully made, displaying his love and plan through our lifetime and beyond. Oh yes, we are God’s artwork right now.
“Thank you for making me so wonderfully complex! Your workmanship is marvelous—how well I know it.” –
Psalms 139:14
However, this is why the enemy attacks all of us with self defeating thoughts, words and attitudes about ourselves. Many times we devalue ourselves based on what other people say is beautiful. Because of this, it’s common for us to focus on what we don’t have or what we think we need, verses how God made us and that were unique for him.
The question is, who will be the artist in our lives?
Will it be God or someone else?
This is a big question because the answer determines so much of how we see ourselves, what we do and what we follow.
When we let God be the artist of our lives, we’re following our creator and he’s empowered to heal us, give us confidence and fortify our purpose.
When we choose someone else as the artist of our lives, we’re controlled by others opinion, and the flawed ideas we have about ourselves and others.
One leads to peace and confidence. The other leads to being unsettled and needy of others.
So really this is an issue of who is leading our lives.
Who is the artist in your life?
God is the designer and everything he’s made about us, is equipped to do the good works he’s ordained for us to do.
This is connected to why we’re here and why he made us the way he did. Nobody is an accident and everyone here has God’s design for something beyond themselves.
So when we see our height, hair texture, features, personality, talent, skill and more, we’re seeing the artwork of God. We’re seeing his unique touch that designed us in our mother’s womb, preparing us for something more.
Yes, we are made for more!
Meaning, what we see in the mirror the work of the greatest artist ever known, and deep down in us, are gifts and talents to make a difference for eternity.
Furthermore, Jesus doesn’t need us to be a star, but rather he’s empowered us to shine like a star.
We do this by letting God be the artist in our lives.
I remember when I started losing my hair in my early twenties. I was insecure and felt unattractive. I really believed I want going to be married, which caused me to have a low thought of myself.
But, what I didn’t know, is that God put in Sumer’s heart the thought, if she would be with a white guy, he needed to be bald. And just like that, God gave me the woman of my dreams.
This is an example of God taking an insecurity and giving me the the woman I needed. I believe he made me bald for Sumer. Me being bald is a part of the artwork I am for God. He made me and I’m finding myself in him and through him.
Notice, I’m NOT finding myself in social media, fashion trends, opinions of others and the newest ideas. I’m finding myself in God by letting him be the artist of my life.
He’s made me, I’m good. He’s designed me, so I strengthen my gifts. He’s given good works to do, so I do them. This is what we can have when he is the artist in our lives.
So, who is the artist in your life?
I pray it’s God and if it’s not, then start today by letting him take the lead of who you’re are, how he made you, and why you’re here.
This is where we’re free and this is where we’re empowered to fulfill our life’s purpose.
Remember, you’re God’s masterpiece and he’s ready to do great things through you!
Have a great day and I believe, the best is yet to come,
My Truth vs. His Truth
The Big Two
Help, I Have Kids!
Do you have kids? If so, I bet you had a moment or two where you said, “Help, I have kids.” It seems to be universal that at some point, all parents hit the wall and don’t know what to do. Have you been…
Read More Help, I Have Kids!Continue
4 Promises in Fasting
I’ve heard nutritionists say that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It sets the tone for what’s to come. I believe this is a parallel truth in other parts of our lives. It’s a pattern that we can emulate as we…
Read More 4 Promises in FastingContinue
There is a remedy for our weariness and burdens!! Being “yoked with Jesus” is the answer!! We have the opportunity in our daily lives to be yoked with Him, thus overcoming our weariness and burdens! In fact, it’s easy to feel weary and burdened…
Christmas in the Neighborhood
Did you know that Jesus loves the neighbors you like, and the ones you don’t like? That may seem simplistic, but in reality, this is a BIG deal. So many times in the ebb and flow of relationships, we forget that Jesus loves everyone…
Read More Christmas in the NeighborhoodContinue
Waiting on the World to Change
Have you ever complained about something? I know I have, and furthermore, I’ve been convicted about it too. But the truth is, we all complain, as it’s a default we go to when we see things that aren’t right. This especially applies to the…
Read More Waiting on the World to ChangeContinue
Free Food! This is a phrase we all love to hear, especially when it’s food we want. It seems like this never gets old because we always respond to it. As teenagers, food rallies up a group or an event. As adults, it does…
Read More Free FoodContinue | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1943 | {"url": "https://citychurchbloomington.org/2022/07/26/who-will-be-the-artist/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "citychurchbloomington.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:03:16Z", "digest": "sha1:KLQTUPXG7NNUDFCLF3X25WUJBI6GUFRB"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 6582, 6582.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 6582, 9570.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 6582, 58.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 6582, 238.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 6582, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 6582, 274.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 6582, 0.49709865]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 6582, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 6582, 0.04265219]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 6582, 0.02675456]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 6582, 0.00930593]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 6582, 0.01279566]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 6582, 0.01066305]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 6582, 0.00814269]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 6582, 0.02063185]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 6582, 0.10344828]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 6582, 0.16183108]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 6582, 0.33761026]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 6582, 4.13632719]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 6582, 0.00386847]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 6582, 5.30190416]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 6582, 1247.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 24, 1.0], [24, 61, 1.0], [61, 202, 1.0], [202, 231, 1.0], [231, 334, 1.0], [334, 492, 1.0], [492, 737, 1.0], [737, 831, 1.0], [831, 1057, 1.0], [1057, 1089, 1.0], [1089, 1155, 1.0], [1155, 1284, 1.0], [1284, 1541, 1.0], [1541, 1643, 0.0], [1643, 1660, 0.0], [1660, 1999, 1.0], [1999, 2053, 1.0], [2053, 2085, 1.0], [2085, 2202, 1.0], [2202, 2349, 1.0], [2349, 2498, 1.0], [2498, 2589, 1.0], [2589, 2645, 1.0], [2645, 2677, 1.0], [2677, 2793, 1.0], [2793, 2954, 1.0], [2954, 3177, 1.0], [3177, 3204, 1.0], [3204, 3361, 1.0], [3361, 3461, 1.0], [3461, 3515, 1.0], [3515, 3711, 1.0], [3711, 3894, 1.0], [3894, 4127, 1.0], [4127, 4299, 1.0], [4299, 4471, 1.0], [4471, 4507, 1.0], [4507, 4643, 1.0], [4643, 4733, 1.0], [4733, 4815, 1.0], [4815, 4872, 0.0], [4872, 4895, 0.0], [4895, 4907, 0.0], [4907, 4926, 1.0], [4926, 5130, 0.0], [5130, 5167, 0.0], [5167, 5189, 0.0], [5189, 5415, 0.0], [5415, 5455, 0.0], [5455, 5701, 0.0], [5701, 5731, 0.0], [5731, 5965, 0.0], [5965, 6013, 0.0], [6013, 6044, 0.0], [6044, 6284, 0.0], [6284, 6333, 0.0], [6333, 6555, 0.0], [6555, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 61, 0.0], [61, 202, 0.0], [202, 231, 0.0], [231, 334, 0.0], [334, 492, 0.0], [492, 737, 0.0], [737, 831, 0.0], [831, 1057, 0.0], [1057, 1089, 0.0], [1089, 1155, 0.0], [1155, 1284, 0.0], [1284, 1541, 0.0], [1541, 1643, 0.0], [1643, 1660, 0.0], [1660, 1999, 0.0], [1999, 2053, 0.0], [2053, 2085, 0.0], [2085, 2202, 0.0], [2202, 2349, 0.0], [2349, 2498, 0.0], [2498, 2589, 0.0], [2589, 2645, 0.0], [2645, 2677, 0.0], [2677, 2793, 0.0], [2793, 2954, 0.0], [2954, 3177, 0.0], [3177, 3204, 0.0], [3204, 3361, 0.0], [3361, 3461, 0.0], [3461, 3515, 0.0], [3515, 3711, 0.0], [3711, 3894, 0.0], [3894, 4127, 0.0], [4127, 4299, 0.0], [4299, 4471, 0.0], [4471, 4507, 0.0], [4507, 4643, 0.0], [4643, 4733, 0.0], [4733, 4815, 0.0], [4815, 4872, 0.0], [4872, 4895, 0.0], [4895, 4907, 0.0], [4907, 4926, 0.0], [4926, 5130, 0.0], [5130, 5167, 0.0], [5167, 5189, 0.0], [5189, 5415, 0.0], [5415, 5455, 0.0], [5455, 5701, 0.0], [5701, 5731, 0.0], [5731, 5965, 0.0], [5965, 6013, 0.0], [6013, 6044, 0.0], [6044, 6284, 0.0], [6284, 6333, 0.0], [6333, 6555, 0.0], [6555, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 24, 5.0], [24, 61, 8.0], [61, 202, 24.0], [202, 231, 6.0], [231, 334, 21.0], [334, 492, 31.0], [492, 737, 50.0], [737, 831, 17.0], [831, 1057, 39.0], [1057, 1089, 6.0], [1089, 1155, 12.0], [1155, 1284, 26.0], [1284, 1541, 41.0], [1541, 1643, 17.0], [1643, 1660, 2.0], [1660, 1999, 63.0], [1999, 2053, 11.0], [2053, 2085, 7.0], [2085, 2202, 23.0], [2202, 2349, 27.0], [2349, 2498, 26.0], [2498, 2589, 16.0], [2589, 2645, 12.0], [2645, 2677, 7.0], [2677, 2793, 23.0], [2793, 2954, 30.0], [2954, 3177, 37.0], [3177, 3204, 6.0], [3204, 3361, 30.0], [3361, 3461, 19.0], [3461, 3515, 12.0], [3515, 3711, 37.0], [3711, 3894, 39.0], [3894, 4127, 50.0], [4127, 4299, 31.0], [4299, 4471, 37.0], [4471, 4507, 8.0], [4507, 4643, 29.0], [4643, 4733, 16.0], [4733, 4815, 13.0], [4815, 4872, 13.0], [4872, 4895, 5.0], [4895, 4907, 3.0], [4907, 4926, 4.0], [4926, 5130, 44.0], [5130, 5167, 6.0], [5167, 5189, 4.0], [5189, 5415, 44.0], [5415, 5455, 6.0], [5455, 5701, 44.0], [5701, 5731, 4.0], [5731, 5965, 44.0], [5965, 6013, 6.0], [6013, 6044, 6.0], [6044, 6284, 44.0], [6284, 6333, 8.0], [6333, 6555, 44.0], [6555, 6582, 4.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 61, 0.0], [61, 202, 0.0], [202, 231, 0.0], [231, 334, 0.0], [334, 492, 0.0], [492, 737, 0.0], [737, 831, 0.0], [831, 1057, 0.0], [1057, 1089, 0.0], [1089, 1155, 0.0], [1155, 1284, 0.0], [1284, 1541, 0.0], [1541, 1643, 0.0], [1643, 1660, 0.33333333], [1660, 1999, 0.0], [1999, 2053, 0.0], [2053, 2085, 0.0], [2085, 2202, 0.0], [2202, 2349, 0.0], [2349, 2498, 0.0], [2498, 2589, 0.0], [2589, 2645, 0.0], [2645, 2677, 0.0], [2677, 2793, 0.0], [2793, 2954, 0.0], [2954, 3177, 0.0], [3177, 3204, 0.0], [3204, 3361, 0.0], [3361, 3461, 0.0], [3461, 3515, 0.0], [3515, 3711, 0.0], [3711, 3894, 0.0], [3894, 4127, 0.0], [4127, 4299, 0.0], [4299, 4471, 0.0], [4471, 4507, 0.0], [4507, 4643, 0.0], [4643, 4733, 0.0], [4733, 4815, 0.0], [4815, 4872, 0.0], [4872, 4895, 0.0], [4895, 4907, 0.0], [4907, 4926, 0.0], [4926, 5130, 0.0], [5130, 5167, 0.0], [5167, 5189, 0.04761905], [5189, 5415, 0.0], [5415, 5455, 0.02564103], [5455, 5701, 0.0], [5701, 5731, 0.0], [5731, 5965, 0.0], [5965, 6013, 0.0], [6013, 6044, 0.0], [6044, 6284, 0.0], [6284, 6333, 0.0], [6333, 6555, 0.0], [6555, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 24, 0.0], [24, 61, 0.0], [61, 202, 0.0], [202, 231, 0.0], [231, 334, 0.0], [334, 492, 0.0], [492, 737, 0.0], [737, 831, 0.0], [831, 1057, 0.0], [1057, 1089, 0.0], [1089, 1155, 0.0], [1155, 1284, 0.0], [1284, 1541, 0.0], [1541, 1643, 0.0], [1643, 1660, 0.0], [1660, 1999, 0.0], [1999, 2053, 0.0], [2053, 2085, 0.0], [2085, 2202, 0.0], [2202, 2349, 0.0], [2349, 2498, 0.0], [2498, 2589, 0.0], [2589, 2645, 0.0], [2645, 2677, 0.0], [2677, 2793, 0.0], [2793, 2954, 0.0], [2954, 3177, 0.0], [3177, 3204, 0.0], [3204, 3361, 0.0], [3361, 3461, 0.0], [3461, 3515, 0.0], [3515, 3711, 0.0], [3711, 3894, 0.0], [3894, 4127, 0.0], [4127, 4299, 0.0], [4299, 4471, 0.0], [4471, 4507, 0.0], [4507, 4643, 0.0], [4643, 4733, 0.0], [4733, 4815, 0.0], [4815, 4872, 0.0], [4872, 4895, 0.0], [4895, 4907, 0.0], [4907, 4926, 0.0], [4926, 5130, 0.0], [5130, 5167, 0.0], [5167, 5189, 0.0], [5189, 5415, 0.0], [5415, 5455, 0.0], [5455, 5701, 0.0], [5701, 5731, 0.0], [5731, 5965, 0.0], [5965, 6013, 0.0], [6013, 6044, 0.0], [6044, 6284, 0.0], [6284, 6333, 0.0], [6333, 6555, 0.0], [6555, 6582, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 24, 0.20833333], [24, 61, 0.02702703], [61, 202, 0.0212766], [202, 231, 0.03448276], [231, 334, 0.00970874], [334, 492, 0.01265823], [492, 737, 0.01632653], [737, 831, 0.0212766], [831, 1057, 0.00884956], [1057, 1089, 0.03125], [1089, 1155, 0.01515152], [1155, 1284, 0.03875969], [1284, 1541, 0.01945525], [1541, 1643, 0.02941176], [1643, 1660, 0.05882353], [1660, 1999, 0.01179941], [1999, 2053, 0.01851852], [2053, 2085, 0.0625], [2085, 2202, 0.00854701], [2202, 2349, 0.01360544], [2349, 2498, 0.00671141], [2498, 2589, 0.02197802], [2589, 2645, 0.01785714], [2645, 2677, 0.03125], [2677, 2793, 0.00862069], [2793, 2954, 0.01863354], [2954, 3177, 0.01345291], [3177, 3204, 0.03703704], [3204, 3361, 0.00636943], [3361, 3461, 0.02], [3461, 3515, 0.03703704], [3515, 3711, 0.0255102], [3711, 3894, 0.03278689], [3894, 4127, 0.04291845], [4127, 4299, 0.04069767], [4299, 4471, 0.04069767], [4471, 4507, 0.02777778], [4507, 4643, 0.01470588], [4643, 4733, 0.01111111], [4733, 4815, 0.02439024], [4815, 4872, 0.03508772], [4872, 4895, 0.17391304], [4895, 4907, 0.25], [4907, 4926, 0.21052632], [4926, 5130, 0.03431373], [5130, 5167, 0.18918919], [5167, 5189, 0.09090909], [5189, 5415, 0.01769912], [5415, 5455, 0.125], [5455, 5701, 0.02439024], [5701, 5731, 0.06666667], [5731, 5965, 0.03418803], [5965, 6013, 0.10416667], [6013, 6044, 0.09677419], [6044, 6284, 0.025], [6284, 6333, 0.12244898], [6333, 6555, 0.02702703], [6555, 6582, 0.18518519]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 6582, 0.24041581]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 6582, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 6582, 0.04453653]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 6582, -296.77060608]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 6582, 147.10804011]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 6582, -984.86883687]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 6582, 86.0]]} |
Posted: October 9, 2009 | Author: Tracy Beltran | Filed under: Life | Tags: electra complex, freud, jung, penis envy, psychiatry, therapy, women who hate women | 80 Comments
A friend of mine made a reference to an Electra Complex so I looked it up. Wikipedia says:
According to Freud, a girl, like a boy, is originally attached to the mother figure. However, during the phallic stage, when she discovers that she lacks a penis, she becomes libidinally attached to the father figure, and imagines that she will become pregnant by him, all the while becoming more hostile toward her mother. Freud attributes the character of this developmental stage in girls to the idea of “penis envy“, where a girl is envious of the male penis. According to the theory, this penis envy leads to resentment towards the mother figure, who is believed to have caused the girl’s “castration.” The hostility towards the mother is then later revoked for fear of losing the mother’s love, and the mother becomes internalized, much the same as the Oedipus complex.
So I questioned my friend who has more training in this area than I do, and they told me:
In a nutshell: a woman with an “electra complex” is a person who has real resentment issues with certain other woman going back to an emotionally imprinted idea that her father was stolen from her by her mother.
So to you my dear blog readers, I say:
Come, lay on my couch and tell me: How does this make you feel? | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1944 | {"url": "https://clairecollins.wordpress.com/tag/penis-envy/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "clairecollins.wordpress.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:44:36Z", "digest": "sha1:FKYT7ZV4OIMXF5F6DDQI4DYI2WZNSEHV"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1445, 1445.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1445, 2106.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1445, 7.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1445, 37.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1445, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1445, 297.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1445, 4.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1445, 0.41639344]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1445, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1445, 0.01746725]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1445, 0.01746725]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1445, 0.01639344]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1445, 0.17377049]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1445, 0.59683794]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1445, 4.5256917]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1445, 4.71553948]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1445, 253.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 174, 0.0], [174, 265, 0.0], [265, 1041, 1.0], [1041, 1131, 0.0], [1131, 1343, 1.0], [1343, 1382, 0.0], [1382, 1445, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 174, 0.0], [174, 265, 0.0], [265, 1041, 0.0], [1041, 1131, 0.0], [1131, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1382, 0.0], [1382, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 174, 25.0], [174, 265, 18.0], [265, 1041, 130.0], [1041, 1131, 19.0], [1131, 1343, 38.0], [1343, 1382, 9.0], [1382, 1445, 14.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 174, 0.04545455], [174, 265, 0.0], [265, 1041, 0.0], [1041, 1131, 0.0], [1131, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1382, 0.0], [1382, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 174, 0.0], [174, 265, 0.0], [265, 1041, 0.0], [1041, 1131, 0.0], [1131, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1382, 0.0], [1382, 1445, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 174, 0.05172414], [174, 265, 0.05494505], [265, 1041, 0.00902062], [1041, 1131, 0.03333333], [1131, 1343, 0.00471698], [1343, 1382, 0.05128205], [1382, 1445, 0.03174603]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1445, 0.07614392]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1445, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1445, 0.01875114]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1445, -4.60801756]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1445, 10.43048566]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1445, -73.20093522]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1445, 8.0]]} |
The Classic Center Blogs
5 To-Do’s Before You Say Your “I Do’s”
Posted on February 15, 2023 at 1:14 PM by Ivy Ramage
It’s almost springtime, and you know what that means – it’s wedding season! Going from popping the big question to planning the big day can be overwhelming for couples.
Tips for high school students to prepare for your future
Posted on February 10, 2023 at 8:44 AM by Ivy Ramage
Stepping out into the world after graduating high school can be overwhelming, but there are resources to help you along the way. Read on for tips to navigate a post-high school arena, including ways to start preparing for the transition as early as 9th grade. Let the adventure begin!
Weekend Forecast= 100% Chance of Wine
Posted on January 23, 2023 at 2:37 PM by Ivy Ramage
Athens’ favorite wine event is almost here, and you don’t want to miss out on any of this year’s excitement. From casual tastings to gourmet, multi-course meals, this highly anticipated event is happening February 3-5; sit back and take notes from our experts on a weekend you don’t want to miss.
Tag(s): Wine, Visit Athens, The Classic Center, Events, Athens Wine Weekend, Athens Georgia | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1945 | {"url": "https://classiccenter.com/Blog.aspx", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "classiccenter.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:24:28Z", "digest": "sha1:FRTQRHN2FRZOHERXMXQVO2XMVMJZQT5O"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1159, 1159.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1159, 2365.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1159, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1159, 77.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1159, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1159, 311.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1159, 0.32950192]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1159, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1159, 0.03900325]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1159, 0.02600217]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1159, 0.03575298]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1159, 0.02816901]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1159, 0.01532567]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1159, 0.22988506]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1159, 0.62561576]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1159, 4.54679803]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1159, 4.64468531]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1159, 203.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 25, 0.0], [25, 64, 1.0], [64, 117, 0.0], [117, 286, 1.0], [286, 343, 0.0], [343, 396, 0.0], [396, 681, 1.0], [681, 719, 0.0], [719, 771, 0.0], [771, 1068, 1.0], [1068, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 25, 0.0], [25, 64, 0.0], [64, 117, 0.0], [117, 286, 0.0], [286, 343, 0.0], [343, 396, 0.0], [396, 681, 0.0], [681, 719, 0.0], [719, 771, 0.0], [771, 1068, 0.0], [1068, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 25, 4.0], [25, 64, 8.0], [64, 117, 11.0], [117, 286, 29.0], [286, 343, 10.0], [343, 396, 11.0], [396, 681, 49.0], [681, 719, 6.0], [719, 771, 11.0], [771, 1068, 51.0], [1068, 1159, 13.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 25, 0.0], [25, 64, 0.02702703], [64, 117, 0.18], [117, 286, 0.0], [286, 343, 0.0], [343, 396, 0.18], [396, 681, 0.00359712], [681, 719, 0.08571429], [719, 771, 0.18367347], [771, 1068, 0.00694444], [1068, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 25, 0.0], [25, 64, 0.0], [64, 117, 0.0], [117, 286, 0.0], [286, 343, 0.0], [343, 396, 0.0], [396, 681, 0.0], [681, 719, 0.0], [719, 771, 0.0], [771, 1068, 0.0], [1068, 1159, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 25, 0.16], [25, 64, 0.20512821], [64, 117, 0.11320755], [117, 286, 0.01183432], [286, 343, 0.01754386], [343, 396, 0.11320755], [396, 681, 0.01052632], [681, 719, 0.10526316], [719, 771, 0.11538462], [771, 1068, 0.01010101], [1068, 1159, 0.14285714]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1159, -9.66e-06]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1159, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1159, 0.00141633]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1159, -150.05675323]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1159, -17.5645806]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1159, -132.41562778]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1159, 8.0]]} |
St Martinville LA Wrongful Death Attorney
Wrongful death suits are filed when the wrongful conduct of a person or entity results in the death of another person. Like personal injury, this area of tort can involve every area of tort practice – from premises liability or trucking disasters to dangerous products on the market – but your first step should be to consult with an experienced wrongful death attorney. The Law Offices of L. Clayton Burgess has vast experience in successfully defending the rights of survivors of wrongful death. Unlike a personal injury case, where the injured person is one of the plaintiffs, in the case of a wrongful death action or suit, the family members bring the lawsuit for the wrongful actions.
Cases where the victim has suffered catastrophic injury or loss of life has occurred, can be particularly complex. In these cases particularly, you want to got with a firm that has the skill, experience and resources to handle such a case. The Law Offices of L. Clayton Burgess. offers the most skilled professionals in the industry with the resources to handle cases of any size and complexity. If you have a wrongful death case, or your case involves catastrophic injury, you need to contact us today.
Louisiana’s statute of limitations for wrongful death gives one year to file a wrongful death claim in court, usually starting from the date of the deceased person’s death.
Our Louisiana wrongful death attorneys at the Law Offices of L. Clayton Burgess are specialists in this field. They will meticulously investigate the case and ensure all of the facts of the case are presented to the court in a clear and concise manner. Since the burden of proof is the responsibility of the victim’s family, it is essential to act quickly.
In 2014, there were 16 fatalities as a direct result of 14 fatal vehicular accidents in St Martin Parish.
For additional accident injury data visit:
http://datareports.lsu.edu/Reports.aspx?yr=2014&rpt=D1&p=ci.
The wrongful death attorneys at the Law Offices of L. Clayton Burgess have the refined skill and lengthy litigation experience necessary to handle many kinds of personal injury claims, including automobile accidents, trucking accidents, commercial vehicle accidents, workplace accidents, toxic torts, products liability, birth injuries, and brain injuries, among many others. The circumstances surrounding any accident claim can oftentimes be complex, which leads to great difficulty determining who is liable for resulting damages.
Our accident injury lawyers handle many kinds of personal injury claims, including car accidents, trucking accidents, bus accidents, offshore accidents, brain injuries and wrongful death claims. It takes an experienced wrongful death attorney to oversee your claim and fight for just compensation in a court of law.
If you are a loved one have suffered a wrongful death in St Martinville, Louisiana, or have been injured in a motor vehicle accident, Don’t Delay! Call Clay! Contact our Lafayette Office: (877) 234-7573.
The St Martinville wrongful death attorneys at the law offices of L. Clayton Burgess have helped many families deal with the tragedy of the sudden loss of a wife, husband, father, mother, brother, sister, child or member of the family. An experienced Lafayette Parish can provide you with an initial consultation FREE of charge to you regardless of whether you retain our services. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1946 | {"url": "https://clayburgess.com/st-martinville-la-wrongful-death-attorney/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "clayburgess.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:53:28Z", "digest": "sha1:FTG666EPQUCGNX6EUOBIEHVQZ4F6SQTL"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3411, 3411.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3411, 6465.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3411, 12.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3411, 156.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3411, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3411, 290.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3411, 0.34214619]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3411, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3411, 0.06099749]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3411, 0.13993541]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3411, 0.11553642]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3411, 0.11553642]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3411, 0.09400789]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3411, 0.06099749]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3411, 0.06530319]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3411, 0.02332257]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3411, 0.02691066]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3411, 0.01244168]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3411, 0.14618974]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3411, 0.4501845]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3411, 5.14206642]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3411, 4.93207756]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3411, 542.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 733, 1.0], [733, 1237, 1.0], [1237, 1410, 1.0], [1410, 1767, 1.0], [1767, 1873, 1.0], [1873, 1916, 0.0], [1916, 1977, 1.0], [1977, 2510, 1.0], [2510, 2826, 1.0], [2826, 3030, 1.0], [3030, 3411, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 733, 0.0], [733, 1237, 0.0], [1237, 1410, 0.0], [1410, 1767, 0.0], [1767, 1873, 0.0], [1873, 1916, 0.0], [1916, 1977, 0.0], [1977, 2510, 0.0], [2510, 2826, 0.0], [2826, 3030, 0.0], [3030, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 42, 6.0], [42, 733, 117.0], [733, 1237, 86.0], [1237, 1410, 28.0], [1410, 1767, 62.0], [1767, 1873, 19.0], [1873, 1916, 6.0], [1916, 1977, 1.0], [1977, 2510, 73.0], [2510, 2826, 47.0], [2826, 3030, 34.0], [3030, 3411, 63.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 733, 0.0], [733, 1237, 0.0], [1237, 1410, 0.0], [1410, 1767, 0.0], [1767, 1873, 0.0776699], [1873, 1916, 0.0], [1916, 1977, 0.10869565], [1977, 2510, 0.0], [2510, 2826, 0.0], [2826, 3030, 0.05181347], [3030, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 733, 0.0], [733, 1237, 0.0], [1237, 1410, 0.0], [1410, 1767, 0.0], [1767, 1873, 0.0], [1873, 1916, 0.0], [1916, 1977, 0.0], [1977, 2510, 0.0], [2510, 2826, 0.0], [2826, 3030, 0.0], [3030, 3411, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 42, 0.16666667], [42, 733, 0.0130246], [733, 1237, 0.01785714], [1237, 1410, 0.00578035], [1410, 1767, 0.02521008], [1767, 1873, 0.03773585], [1873, 1916, 0.02325581], [1916, 1977, 0.03278689], [1977, 2510, 0.01313321], [2510, 2826, 0.00632911], [2826, 3030, 0.05392157], [3030, 3411, 0.03412073]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3411, 0.03736067]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3411, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3411, 0.19677252]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3411, -119.88924991]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3411, -0.84741302]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3411, -34.9393669]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3411, 33.0]]} |
EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) European Union (27) (1995) | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1947 | {"url": "https://climatepolicydatabase.org/policies/eu-eco-management-and-audit-scheme-emas", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "climatepolicydatabase.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:05:09Z", "digest": "sha1:B2S5C2RVP4VYC6DY7IGO4BG5F7MP6CYB"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 110, 110.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 110, 979.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 110, 2.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 110, 57.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 110, 0.7]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 110, 44.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 110, 0.07142857]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 110, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 110, 0.77647059]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 110, 0.77647059]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 110, 0.35294118]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 110, 0.42352941]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 110, 0.54117647]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 110, 0.14285714]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 110, 0.42857143]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 110, 0.625]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 110, 5.3125]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 110, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 110, 2.25272834]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 110, 16.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 110, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 110, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 42, 6.0], [42, 110, 10.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 110, 0.09836066]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 110, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 42, 0.23809524], [42, 110, 0.17647059]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 110, 0.00015032]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 110, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 110, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 110, -28.9536246]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 110, -11.52809836]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 110, 0.91394235]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 110, 1.0]]} |
von Avin Bajelani | Jan 27, 2023 | Allgemein | Keine Kommentare
After I started to work with VMware, I got more and more interested in how to automate all the manual tasks. So I looked around on the internet and found two possibilities. On the one hand with Powershell and on the other hand with Ansible. Since Ansible has always interested me, I set out on a journey to learn it.
As with any new tool, getting started is always the hardest, but it’s even more fun to see success afterwards. Here I describe my findings on how to use Ansible with VMware.
To be able to work with Ansible, it is recommended to use a Linux machine, because all the tools are easier to install there. For the installation of Ansible I always use virtual environments, so that I can work with different versions without them getting in each other’s way. Since Ansible is based on Python, I use venv as a virtual environment.
The picture above shows how I created the virtual environment. Now only the associated packages are missing. So first you have to install ansible-core and pyvmomi. Additionally it is also important to install the corresponding Ansible modules. Ansible manages all additional modules via Ansible Galaxy.
As shown in the image above, I have downloaded the appropriate module. In the case of VMware, I have downloaded the community module here. With this, all requirements are now met and we can now use Ansible.
Using Ansible
Here is an example of what an Ansible-Playbook might look like. For me it was important to get everything working first. Next I will focus on deepening my knowledge of Ansible and maybe write a new blog about it. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1948 | {"url": "https://cloudadvisors.net/2023/01/27/first-experience-with-vmware-and-ansible/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cloudadvisors.net", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:13:59Z", "digest": "sha1:PDEM4DOFU3PIM2OWEQBFJVRDSTGBOLDM"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1640, 1640.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1640, 4564.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1640, 8.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1640, 162.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1640, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1640, 314.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1640, 0.47416413]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1640, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1640, 0.01825095]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1640, 0.01520913]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1640, 0.02737643]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1640, 0.03647416]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1640, 0.12462006]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1640, 0.53496503]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1640, 4.5979021]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1640, 4.65876695]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1640, 286.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 64, 0.0], [64, 381, 1.0], [381, 555, 1.0], [555, 904, 1.0], [904, 1207, 1.0], [1207, 1414, 1.0], [1414, 1428, 0.0], [1428, 1640, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 64, 0.0], [64, 381, 0.0], [381, 555, 0.0], [555, 904, 0.0], [904, 1207, 0.0], [1207, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1428, 0.0], [1428, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 64, 9.0], [64, 381, 60.0], [381, 555, 32.0], [555, 904, 62.0], [904, 1207, 45.0], [1207, 1414, 37.0], [1414, 1428, 2.0], [1428, 1640, 39.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 64, 0.10714286], [64, 381, 0.0], [381, 555, 0.0], [555, 904, 0.0], [904, 1207, 0.0], [1207, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1428, 0.0], [1428, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 64, 0.0], [64, 381, 0.0], [381, 555, 0.0], [555, 904, 0.0], [904, 1207, 0.0], [1207, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1428, 0.0], [1428, 1640, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 64, 0.09375], [64, 381, 0.04100946], [381, 555, 0.03448276], [555, 904, 0.03151862], [904, 1207, 0.02970297], [1207, 1414, 0.03864734], [1414, 1428, 0.14285714], [1428, 1640, 0.03301887]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1640, 0.05309278]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1640, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1640, 0.0017398]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1640, -59.93265244]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1640, 0.60371452]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1640, -119.54450543]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1640, 20.0]]} |
Gebroe-Hammer Associates Announces Four Executive Promotions
Feb 15, 2017 | Gebroe-Hammer Associates
Livingston, N.J. – Gebroe-Hammer Associates, the leading multi-family investment sales brokerage firm in the Garden State and the entire New Jersey/Pennsylvania/New York region, has promoted three of its top-producing brokers and one administrative professional to new executive management positions, announced Ken Uranowitz, president. Debbie Pomerantz of Passaic was named senior vice president and Gehane Triarsi of Mountainside, Adam Zweibel of Livingston and Kathleen DeMarino of Bloomfield were named vice presidents.
Managing Director David Oropeza, who is the firm’s market specialist for The Oranges, also was recognized for his 30-year tenure at Gebroe-Hammer. Each of the newly promoted professionals, along with Oropeza, played a key role in contributing toward the firm’s 132 deals involving 12,117 total units sold for $1.83+ billion in 2016.
“The past 12 months were monumental at Gebroe-Hammer Associates and re-wrote the history books for our firm and the industry as a whole,” said Uranowitz, who made the announcement at a 41st anniversary reception held at Crestmont Country Club in West Orange. “Each of these individuals, through their own unique skills, talents and areas of specialization, contributed toward these milestones and has paved the way for even greater success at a time when demand for multi-family investment properties is unabated.”
Gebroe-Hammer’s brokerage activities concentrate on suburban and urban high-rise and garden-apartment properties throughout New Jersey, Pennsylvania and New York State as well as nationally. The firm also markets mixed-use and free-standing office and retail properties.
Pomerantz joined Gebroe-Hammer as a sales associate in 2011 to focus on Northern New Jersey’s Bergen and Passaic submarkets. During her tenure, she has closed 48 deals netting over $200 million in these high-barrier-to-entry hubs as well as throughout New Jersey. She is a two-time recipient of Gebroe-Hammer’s peer-selected Salesperson of the Year Award, a NJ Top Broker, “Woman of Influence” in real estate and a two-time Executive Women in Real Estate honoree. Pomerantz was promoted to assistant vice president in 2013 and vice president in 2014.
Triarsi also joined Gebroe-Hammer in 2011 to focus on the Union County submarket. After launching her professional career as a television producer for a major New York network, her interests shifted to commercial real estate investment sales and the art of structuring deals. Since entering Gebroe-Hammer’s industry-unique mentoring program, she has closed over 25 deals totaling more than 2,000 units. Additionally, she has been recognized as a two-time Executive Woman in Real Estate honoree and a Gebroe-Hammer Salesperson of the Year.
Zweibel was hired as a Gebroe-Hammer sales associate in 2013 and is among the region’s leading Central and South Jersey market specialists. In 2016, he closed 14 deals totaling 1,629 units and $192+ million, topping off 2015’s 13 deals encompassing 1,340 units sold for $147.27 million. Similar to Triarsi, his affiliation with Gebroe-Hammer marked a career change thanks to the firm’s mentoring program. Previously, he served as president of Alpha Technology Group, a company he successfully built, restructured and eventually sold to Strategic Micro Systems.
“A broker, however, can only be as good as a firm’s administrative team, of which Kathy DeMarino has been an invaluable member for 15 years,” said Uranowitz. Specializing in property offering memorandums, as well as the preparation of critical real estate, legal and bank documents, DeMarino has risen through the Gebroe-Hammer ranks, from administrative assistant to assistant vice president. She also is a member of the Board of Health in Bloomfield, where she has resided for 35 years.
“These individuals are successful because they embrace the Gebroe-Hammer Associates tenets of forging strong, long-term relationships and the principles of integrity, hard work, perseverance and market expertise imparted by the late Mel Gebroe and Morris Hammer,” said Uranowitz. “As a result, they are sought-out and respected by some of the most prominent multi-family property owners, investors, lenders and attorneys in the region.”
Founded in 1975 by Mel Gebroe and Morris Hammer, Gebroe-Hammer Associates quickly evolved as one of the tri-state region’s largest and most influential companies focused on investment real estate sales and marketing. Widely recognized for its consistent sales performance, the firm is a 13-time CoStar Power Broker. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1949 | {"url": "https://cmmstrategic.com/gebroe-hammer-associates-announces-four-executive-promotions/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cmmstrategic.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:30:33Z", "digest": "sha1:PPM5EHKXLSW4KJ7WIOERPUBHBO7G7GZX"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 4636, 4636.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 4636, 6092.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 4636, 12.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 4636, 41.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 4636, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 4636, 261.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 4636, 0.30683091]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 4636, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 4636, 0.00785546]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 4636, 0.03456402]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 4636, 0.00628437]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 4636, 0.00680806]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 4636, 0.00447928]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 4636, 0.20492721]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 4636, 0.50581395]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 4636, 5.55087209]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 4636, 5.33849158]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 4636, 688.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 101, 0.0], [101, 625, 1.0], [625, 958, 1.0], [958, 1473, 1.0], [1473, 1744, 1.0], [1744, 2295, 1.0], [2295, 2834, 1.0], [2834, 3395, 1.0], [3395, 3884, 1.0], [3884, 4321, 1.0], [4321, 4636, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 101, 0.0], [101, 625, 0.0], [625, 958, 0.0], [958, 1473, 0.0], [1473, 1744, 0.0], [1744, 2295, 0.0], [2295, 2834, 0.0], [2834, 3395, 0.0], [3395, 3884, 0.0], [3884, 4321, 0.0], [4321, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 61, 6.0], [61, 101, 5.0], [101, 625, 70.0], [625, 958, 52.0], [958, 1473, 80.0], [1473, 1744, 35.0], [1744, 2295, 87.0], [2295, 2834, 81.0], [2834, 3395, 85.0], [3395, 3884, 78.0], [3884, 4321, 62.0], [4321, 4636, 47.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 101, 0.17142857], [101, 625, 0.0], [625, 958, 0.053125], [958, 1473, 0.00793651], [1473, 1744, 0.0], [1744, 2295, 0.03183521], [2295, 2834, 0.01904762], [2834, 3395, 0.05904059], [3395, 3884, 0.00842105], [3884, 4321, 0.0], [4321, 4636, 0.01948052]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 101, 0.0], [101, 625, 0.0], [625, 958, 0.0], [958, 1473, 0.0], [1473, 1744, 0.0], [1744, 2295, 0.0], [2295, 2834, 0.0], [2834, 3395, 0.0], [3395, 3884, 0.0], [3884, 4321, 0.0], [4321, 4636, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 61, 0.1147541], [61, 101, 0.1], [101, 625, 0.05343511], [625, 958, 0.03003003], [958, 1473, 0.02135922], [1473, 1744, 0.03321033], [1744, 2295, 0.0508167], [2295, 2834, 0.03710575], [2834, 3395, 0.03208556], [3395, 3884, 0.02862986], [3884, 4321, 0.0228833], [4321, 4636, 0.04126984]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 4636, 0.31562907]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 4636, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 4636, 0.69823039]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 4636, -317.45959018]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 4636, 55.90389275]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 4636, 26.85369759]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 4636, 31.0]]} |
10 Habits of Successful Students
coedsite | Jun 30, 2022 12:21 pm | Jul 1, 2022 7:40 pm
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of what habits successful students have. However, some habits seem to be common among many high-achieving students. Many students struggle with time management, especially as assignments become increasingly difficult. Where university students are resorting to buying essays, there may be issues of workload and time pressure coming into play.
Successful students have a fundamental understanding of time management and planning ahead of time. They do not, however, need to be planning specialists to be effective. When it comes to the most basic habits of successful students, there are a few things that almost all of them do.
1. Set short-term and long-term goals
Successful students dedicate time each day to working on their long-term goals. Meanwhile, they use daily goals as motivation to keep them going. These goals can be as simple as “get class assignment done” or “get work done for two classes today.” More advanced students may have multiple daily, weekly and monthly goals. For example, they may have a goal to get work done for all of my classes, as well as a goal to focus on an extra class that is becoming too demanding.
One of the best ways to stay motivated is to make progress on your goals each day. Using the Pomodoro technique will help you get more done faster.
2. Stick to a weekly study plan
Planning ahead is one of the most effective time management techniques. It allows you to avoid last-minute panics and the frustration that comes with having to rush to finish assignments.
One of the common complaints from students is that they never have enough time to complete all their assignments. As assignments get increasingly difficult, students need to dedicate more time to planning ahead. They need to figure out what they’re going to do well in advance.
One of the most effective ways to use your time well is by chunking. Chopping large tasks into small increments is one of the most effective time management strategies. Large tasks are often so intimidating that they can fill your mind with anxiety. Chunking breaks large tasks into smaller, simpler sub-tasks that are easier to manage. Instead of thinking, “I need to do a large project”, you can think, “I just need to complete four sub-tasks”.
3. Understand how to take notes
Some students enter class, take out their notebooks and pencils, and begin transcribing everything the teacher says like an efficient note-taking robot.
Other students will drop down at their desks and sit… contentedly listening (or not) to what the teacher has to say.
The right balance is somewhere in the middle, and successful students use a variety of various note-taking approaches.
The Outline Approach
The outline method, as the name implies, is arguably the simplest. If the teacher is well-organized, the content will most likely be presented in an outline format. The student’s role here is to notice when the teacher has moved on to a new topic and to keep their notes generally structured beneath each topic (albeit this isn’t an exact science).
The Formal Method
Express your creative side by taking notes how you see fit. Drawing graphics, connecting notes with a mind map… the concern here is that you take too many liberties and omit important information. However, if you are more “out of the box,” this may be something to consider.
Cornell’s Method
The Cornell Strategy is a more advanced method. You take notes in the right-hand column during class and then develop questions and terms on the left-hand side as soon as possible following class. You can then use these notes as a study guide, going over the right side and attempting to remember what each question or term means.
When everything is said and done, even a crude copy of what the teacher puts on the board is a start, and you may build from there.
4. Conduct their research using active recall
Students who practice retrieving crucial facts from memory, whether using an app like Quizlet or through old-fashioned paper note cards, nearly always perform better on quizzes and examinations.
The official name for this technique is Active Recall, and the procedure is simple.
Step 1: Write down the word, notion, or problem that has to be solved.
Step 2: Without glancing at any notes or information, write down or recite the definition, explanation, or solution.
Step 3: Compare your response to your notes and amend any errors.
In contrast to passively reading the textbook or leafing through notes, research has shown that this strategy greatly improves exam performance, and it is one of the lesser-known habits of successful students that people discuss.
5. Handle their mistakes correctly
When it comes to mistakes, the most successful students don’t dwell on them (nor do they avoid them). Some students might become down on themselves because of a missed question on an exam. Unfortunately, perceiving their failures in this light nearly invariably ensures that they will not learn from them and improve the next time.
As a result, it’s critical to promote a growth mindset: the belief that your skills and abilities aren’t fixed but may be improved over time with practice and effort.
With this form of self-talk students are much more likely to investigate their mistakes and work hard to repair them so that they learn what to do correctly the next time.
6. Know how to use their most valuable resource: The Professor
Students who attend office hours do better on examinations and papers, are happier in their classes, and feel more connected to their college, classroom, and professor.
College professors have lots of experience teaching large classes. They’ve seen it all and they’re able to convey their expertise on a given topic more effectively than just about anyone. That being said, there are still some gaps in understanding that occur between students and their professors.
College professors tend to be very busy people. You need to be creative in finding them and in using the time you have when you do find them. Make sure you have a specific, concise question when you meet with your professor. Otherwise, you’ll waste time in conversation that does nothing but increases your stress. Once you have the question clear in your mind, write it down before your meeting so you can use the time efficiently.
7. Create study groups with their peers
In order to be successful in college or university, it is important for students to create study groups with their peers. By studying with others, students are able to benefit from different perspectives and learn from one another. Additionally, being in a study group can help keep students accountable and on track with their studies. When students work together, they can bounce ideas off of each other and come up with new ways to approach material. Finally, studying in a group can be more enjoyable than studying alone and can make the process less daunting.
8. Take advantage of all the resources on a college campus
Most colleges and universities offer a variety of resources to help students succeed in their studies. These resources can include tutoring services, writing centers, libraries, and computer labs. Many students don’t take advantage of these resources because they don’t know about them, or they don’t think they need them. However, using these resources can help you get better grades, save time, and reduce stress. If you’re not sure where to find these resources on your campus, ask your professor or another student for help.
9. Ask for help when they need it
Although college students are adults, they are in a new environment with people they may not know well, so many are reluctant to ask for help. However, successful students recognize that asking for help is a sign of maturity and initiative, and they approach instructors or upperclassmen when they need assistance. As a result, they get the most out of their college experience and earn good grades.
10. Stay healthy
Successful students stay healthy by getting enough sleep, eating well, and exercising. This may seem like strange advice, since many college students appear to do the exact opposite. However, getting enough sleep, eating well, and exercising regularly does make you more successful and doesn’t have to take a lot of time. Plus, you don’t need to be fit to go to class—just begin gradually and increase your exercise level as you get into the routine. And if you can’t squeeze in a workout, at least get seven to eight hours of sleep per night and eat healthy meals whenever you can.
In conclusion, remember that success is a process, not an event. It takes time, effort, and perseverance to develop successful habits. But the payoff is worth it. When you develop successful habits, you set yourself up for a lifetime of success.
To get the most out of the changes you could make this year, go over the list above and pick 1-3 that you can put into action this week.
What steps will you take to secure your success?
And what will you use as success criteria to determine if they are fruitful or not?
Select the habits you want to improve, answer the questions, and then give it a shot.
5 Things to Consider When Choosing a Reliable Online Casino
College,writing | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1950 | {"url": "https://coed.com/2022/06/30/10-habits-of-successful-students/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "coed.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:28:56Z", "digest": "sha1:Y5NTHQFMIBSEQ5UHUX5N63WGEJXOWWE7"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 9320, 9320.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 9320, 9756.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 9320, 52.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 9320, 75.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 9320, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 9320, 286.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 9320, 0.47135135]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 9320, 23.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 9320, 0.03570954]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 9320, 0.02893933]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 9320, 0.02070888]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 9320, 0.00982344]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 9320, 0.02389486]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 9320, 0.00637196]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 9320, 0.01035444]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 9320, 0.00108108]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 9320, 0.14108108]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 9320, 0.3703939]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 9320, 4.78589581]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 9320, 0.00108108]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 9320, 5.61806527]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 9320, 1574.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 88, 0.0], [88, 485, 1.0], [485, 770, 1.0], [770, 808, 0.0], [808, 1281, 1.0], [1281, 1429, 1.0], [1429, 1461, 0.0], [1461, 1649, 1.0], [1649, 1927, 1.0], [1927, 2374, 1.0], [2374, 2406, 0.0], [2406, 2559, 1.0], [2559, 2676, 1.0], [2676, 2795, 1.0], [2795, 2816, 0.0], [2816, 3165, 1.0], [3165, 3183, 0.0], [3183, 3458, 1.0], [3458, 3475, 0.0], [3475, 3806, 1.0], [3806, 3938, 1.0], [3938, 3984, 0.0], [3984, 4179, 1.0], [4179, 4263, 1.0], [4263, 4334, 1.0], [4334, 4451, 1.0], [4451, 4517, 1.0], [4517, 4747, 1.0], [4747, 4782, 0.0], [4782, 5114, 1.0], [5114, 5281, 1.0], [5281, 5453, 1.0], [5453, 5516, 0.0], [5516, 5685, 1.0], [5685, 5983, 1.0], [5983, 6416, 1.0], [6416, 6456, 0.0], [6456, 7021, 1.0], [7021, 7080, 0.0], [7080, 7609, 1.0], [7609, 7643, 0.0], [7643, 8043, 1.0], [8043, 8060, 0.0], [8060, 8643, 1.0], [8643, 8889, 1.0], [8889, 9026, 1.0], [9026, 9075, 1.0], [9075, 9159, 1.0], [9159, 9245, 1.0], [9245, 9305, 0.0], [9305, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 88, 0.0], [88, 485, 0.0], [485, 770, 0.0], [770, 808, 0.0], [808, 1281, 0.0], [1281, 1429, 0.0], [1429, 1461, 0.0], [1461, 1649, 0.0], [1649, 1927, 0.0], [1927, 2374, 0.0], [2374, 2406, 0.0], [2406, 2559, 0.0], [2559, 2676, 0.0], [2676, 2795, 0.0], [2795, 2816, 0.0], [2816, 3165, 0.0], [3165, 3183, 0.0], [3183, 3458, 0.0], [3458, 3475, 0.0], [3475, 3806, 0.0], [3806, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 3984, 0.0], [3984, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4263, 0.0], [4263, 4334, 0.0], [4334, 4451, 0.0], [4451, 4517, 0.0], [4517, 4747, 0.0], [4747, 4782, 0.0], [4782, 5114, 0.0], [5114, 5281, 0.0], [5281, 5453, 0.0], [5453, 5516, 0.0], [5516, 5685, 0.0], [5685, 5983, 0.0], [5983, 6416, 0.0], [6416, 6456, 0.0], [6456, 7021, 0.0], [7021, 7080, 0.0], [7080, 7609, 0.0], [7609, 7643, 0.0], [7643, 8043, 0.0], [8043, 8060, 0.0], [8060, 8643, 0.0], [8643, 8889, 0.0], [8889, 9026, 0.0], [9026, 9075, 0.0], [9075, 9159, 0.0], [9159, 9245, 0.0], [9245, 9305, 0.0], [9305, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 33, 5.0], [33, 88, 11.0], [88, 485, 57.0], [485, 770, 48.0], [770, 808, 6.0], [808, 1281, 85.0], [1281, 1429, 28.0], [1429, 1461, 7.0], [1461, 1649, 30.0], [1649, 1927, 46.0], [1927, 2374, 76.0], [2374, 2406, 6.0], [2406, 2559, 22.0], [2559, 2676, 21.0], [2676, 2795, 18.0], [2795, 2816, 3.0], [2816, 3165, 60.0], [3165, 3183, 3.0], [3183, 3458, 48.0], [3458, 3475, 2.0], [3475, 3806, 58.0], [3806, 3938, 27.0], [3938, 3984, 7.0], [3984, 4179, 28.0], [4179, 4263, 14.0], [4263, 4334, 14.0], [4334, 4451, 18.0], [4451, 4517, 12.0], [4517, 4747, 35.0], [4747, 4782, 5.0], [4782, 5114, 55.0], [5114, 5281, 29.0], [5281, 5453, 31.0], [5453, 5516, 11.0], [5516, 5685, 26.0], [5685, 5983, 47.0], [5983, 6416, 77.0], [6416, 6456, 7.0], [6456, 7021, 95.0], [7021, 7080, 11.0], [7080, 7609, 84.0], [7609, 7643, 8.0], [7643, 8043, 67.0], [8043, 8060, 3.0], [8060, 8643, 101.0], [8643, 8889, 41.0], [8889, 9026, 29.0], [9026, 9075, 9.0], [9075, 9159, 16.0], [9159, 9245, 16.0], [9245, 9305, 10.0], [9305, 9320, 1.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 33, 0.0625], [33, 88, 0.39130435], [88, 485, 0.0], [485, 770, 0.0], [770, 808, 0.02941176], [808, 1281, 0.0], [1281, 1429, 0.0], [1429, 1461, 0.03333333], [1461, 1649, 0.0], [1649, 1927, 0.0], [1927, 2374, 0.0], [2374, 2406, 0.03333333], [2406, 2559, 0.0], [2559, 2676, 0.0], [2676, 2795, 0.0], [2795, 2816, 0.0], [2816, 3165, 0.0], [3165, 3183, 0.0], [3183, 3458, 0.0], [3458, 3475, 0.0], [3475, 3806, 0.0], [3806, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 3984, 0.02272727], [3984, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4263, 0.0], [4263, 4334, 0.01515152], [4334, 4451, 0.00900901], [4451, 4517, 0.01587302], [4517, 4747, 0.0], [4747, 4782, 0.03030303], [4782, 5114, 0.0], [5114, 5281, 0.0], [5281, 5453, 0.0], [5453, 5516, 0.01666667], [5516, 5685, 0.0], [5685, 5983, 0.0], [5983, 6416, 0.0], [6416, 6456, 0.02631579], [6456, 7021, 0.0], [7021, 7080, 0.01754386], [7080, 7609, 0.0], [7609, 7643, 0.03125], [7643, 8043, 0.0], [8043, 8060, 0.13333333], [8060, 8643, 0.0], [8643, 8889, 0.0], [8889, 9026, 0.01503759], [9026, 9075, 0.0], [9075, 9159, 0.0], [9159, 9245, 0.0], [9245, 9305, 0.01694915], [9305, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 33, 0.0], [33, 88, 0.0], [88, 485, 0.0], [485, 770, 0.0], [770, 808, 0.0], [808, 1281, 0.0], [1281, 1429, 0.0], [1429, 1461, 0.0], [1461, 1649, 0.0], [1649, 1927, 0.0], [1927, 2374, 0.0], [2374, 2406, 0.0], [2406, 2559, 0.0], [2559, 2676, 0.0], [2676, 2795, 0.0], [2795, 2816, 0.0], [2816, 3165, 0.0], [3165, 3183, 0.0], [3183, 3458, 0.0], [3458, 3475, 0.0], [3475, 3806, 0.0], [3806, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 3984, 0.0], [3984, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4263, 0.0], [4263, 4334, 0.0], [4334, 4451, 0.0], [4451, 4517, 0.0], [4517, 4747, 0.0], [4747, 4782, 0.0], [4782, 5114, 0.0], [5114, 5281, 0.0], [5281, 5453, 0.0], [5453, 5516, 0.0], [5516, 5685, 0.0], [5685, 5983, 0.0], [5983, 6416, 0.0], [6416, 6456, 0.0], [6456, 7021, 0.0], [7021, 7080, 0.0], [7080, 7609, 0.0], [7609, 7643, 0.0], [7643, 8043, 0.0], [8043, 8060, 0.0], [8060, 8643, 0.0], [8643, 8889, 0.0], [8889, 9026, 0.0], [9026, 9075, 0.0], [9075, 9159, 0.0], [9159, 9245, 0.0], [9245, 9305, 0.0], [9305, 9320, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 33, 0.09090909], [33, 88, 0.03636364], [88, 485, 0.01007557], [485, 770, 0.01052632], [770, 808, 0.02631579], [808, 1281, 0.01057082], [1281, 1429, 0.02027027], [1429, 1461, 0.03125], [1461, 1649, 0.0106383], [1649, 1927, 0.01079137], [1927, 2374, 0.01565996], [2374, 2406, 0.03125], [2406, 2559, 0.00653595], [2559, 2676, 0.00854701], [2676, 2795, 0.00840336], [2795, 2816, 0.14285714], [2816, 3165, 0.00859599], [3165, 3183, 0.16666667], [3183, 3458, 0.01090909], [3458, 3475, 0.11764706], [3475, 3806, 0.01510574], [3806, 3938, 0.00757576], [3938, 3984, 0.02173913], [3984, 4179, 0.01025641], [4179, 4263, 0.03571429], [4263, 4334, 0.02816901], [4334, 4451, 0.01709402], [4451, 4517, 0.03030303], [4517, 4747, 0.00434783], [4747, 4782, 0.02857143], [4782, 5114, 0.00903614], [5114, 5281, 0.00598802], [5281, 5453, 0.00581395], [5453, 5516, 0.04761905], [5516, 5685, 0.00591716], [5685, 5983, 0.01006711], [5983, 6416, 0.01154734], [6416, 6456, 0.025], [6456, 7021, 0.00884956], [7021, 7080, 0.01694915], [7080, 7609, 0.0094518], [7609, 7643, 0.02941176], [7643, 8043, 0.0075], [8043, 8060, 0.05882353], [8060, 8643, 0.00857633], [8643, 8889, 0.01626016], [8889, 9026, 0.00729927], [9026, 9075, 0.02040816], [9075, 9159, 0.01190476], [9159, 9245, 0.01162791], [9245, 9305, 0.11666667], [9305, 9320, 0.06666667]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 9320, 0.1563642]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 9320, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 9320, 0.02753496]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 9320, -393.59436473]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 9320, 92.45714824]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 9320, -595.68910293]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 9320, 94.0]]} |
Tag: St. Paul Church
Elizabeth Ministry
December 10, 2019 colleen
I made my “radio debut” this past weekend on St. Gabriel’s radio. It was such a cool experience to be in a real recording studio and be able to see a little of what goes into making a radio program. Thankfully, it wasn’t a live show, or I don’t think I would have had the nerve the go through with it! Ha! Knowing it was recorded and able to be edited made the whole experience a little more manageable 🙂… | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1951 | {"url": "https://coffeepluskids.com/tag/st-paul-church/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "coffeepluskids.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:12:14Z", "digest": "sha1:DFGZ7WZVIP74BKZIHX65DUBSZTOY6KOA"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 471, 471.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 471, 1176.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 471, 4.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 471, 50.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 471, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 471, 212.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 471, 0.4537037]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 471, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 471, 0.02688172]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 471, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 471, 0.02777778]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 471, 0.25]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 471, 0.16666667]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 471, 0.73333333]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 471, 4.13333333]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 471, 0.00925926]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 471, 4.04903815]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 471, 90.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 40, 0.0], [40, 66, 0.0], [66, 471, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 40, 0.0], [40, 66, 0.0], [66, 471, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 21, 4.0], [21, 40, 2.0], [40, 66, 4.0], [66, 471, 80.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 40, 0.0], [40, 66, 0.25], [66, 471, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 40, 0.0], [40, 66, 0.0], [66, 471, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.19047619], [21, 40, 0.10526316], [40, 66, 0.03846154], [66, 471, 0.02222222]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 471, 0.00646627]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 471, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 471, 1.609e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 471, -15.29599483]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 471, 5.77212399]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 471, -53.77764351]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 471, 7.0]]} |
Drawing, Design for a Spot for The New Yorker
This is a Drawing. It was created by Christina Malman and made for (as the client) The New Yorker Magazine. It is dated before 1937 and we acquired it in 1960. Its medium is brush and ink, pen and ink, graphite on cream paper. It is a part of the Drawings, Prints, and Graphic Design department.
This object was donated by Dexter Masters.
It is signed
Signed in brush and ink, lower right: M
Drawing, Design for a Spot for The New Yorker; Christina Malman (American, b. England, 1911–1959); Client: The New Yorker Magazine; USA; brush and ink, pen and ink, graphite on cream paper; 29.9 × 26.7 cm (11 3/4 × 10 1/2 in.); 1960-214-51
Short URL http://cprhw.tt/o/2Ctia/
<ref name=CH>{{cite web |url=https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18432351/ |title=Drawing, Design for a Spot for The New Yorker |author=Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |accessdate=20 March 2023 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1952 | {"url": "https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18432351/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "collection.cooperhewitt.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:15:22Z", "digest": "sha1:URDOMZCN3QMT3JS36PEJN6XMF4RAEBNY"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 966, 966.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 966, 3481.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 966, 8.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 966, 164.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 966, 0.87]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 966, 236.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 966, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 966, 0.00414079]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 966, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 966, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 966, 0.1875]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 966, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 966, 0.10810811]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 966, 0.31486486]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 966, 0.24459459]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 966, 0.24459459]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 966, 0.24459459]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 966, 0.20540541]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 966, 0.04054054]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 966, 0.08108108]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 966, 0.05675676]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 966, 0.01666667]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 966, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 966, 0.3625]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 966, 0.54304636]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 966, 4.90066225]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 966, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 966, 4.13780918]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 966, 151.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 342, 1.0], [342, 385, 1.0], [385, 398, 0.0], [398, 438, 0.0], [438, 678, 0.0], [678, 713, 0.0], [713, 966, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 342, 0.0], [342, 385, 0.0], [385, 398, 0.0], [398, 438, 0.0], [438, 678, 0.0], [678, 713, 0.0], [713, 966, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 46, 9.0], [46, 342, 56.0], [342, 385, 7.0], [385, 398, 3.0], [398, 438, 8.0], [438, 678, 42.0], [678, 713, 3.0], [713, 966, 23.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 342, 0.02816901], [342, 385, 0.0], [385, 398, 0.0], [398, 438, 0.0], [438, 678, 0.14418605], [678, 713, 0.03703704], [713, 966, 0.06278027]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 342, 0.0], [342, 385, 0.0], [385, 398, 0.0], [398, 438, 0.0], [438, 678, 0.0], [678, 713, 0.0], [713, 966, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 46, 0.13043478], [46, 342, 0.05405405], [342, 385, 0.06976744], [385, 398, 0.07692308], [398, 438, 0.05], [438, 678, 0.075], [678, 713, 0.14285714], [713, 966, 0.06324111]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 966, 0.0134995]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 966, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 966, 0.06262237]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 966, -120.9329122]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 966, -52.06208278]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 966, -17.62746625]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 966, 14.0]]} |
Home/Services/Brown honda service brief review
Brown honda service brief review
Usama Send an email 5 days ago
Brown Honda service is a car service company that has been in business for over 20 years. They offer a wide range of services, from oil changes and tune-ups to engine and transmission repairs. They are a reputable company with a team of experienced and qualified mechanics. I have used their services several times and have always been happy with the quality of their work. I would recommend Brown Honda to anyone in need of car repairs or maintenance.
What is brown honda service?
Brown Honda service is a car dealership and service center located in the heart of Los Angeles. They offer a wide variety of new and used cars, as well as a full service center for all your maintenance and repair needs.
Their team of highly trained and certified technicians are always on hand to help keep your car in top shape.
No matter what your needs are, Brown Honda is sure to have a solution for you. So if you’re in the market for a new car or just need some routine maintenance, be sure to check out Brown Honda!
How to get brown honda service?
Brown Honda is a car dealership and service center located in the city of Los Angeles, California. The company has been in business for over 50 years and is one of the oldest Honda dealerships in the United States. Brown Honda specializes in the sales and service of Honda automobiles. The dealership also offers a wide variety of aftermarket parts and accessories for Honda vehicles.
The Brown Honda service center is staffed by a team of certified Honda technicians. The service center offers a variety of services, including oil changes, tire rotations, brake repairs, and engine tune-ups. Brown Honda also offers a shuttle service to and from Los Angeles International Airport for customers who need to drop off their vehicles for service.
Cost of brown honda service
Assuming you would like a blog discussing the cost of brown Honda service, here is some information you may find helpful.
The cost of browns Honda service varies depending on the type of service required. For example, an oil change may cost between $20 and $30, while a tune-up could cost between $100 and $200.
It is important to note that the cost of brown Honda service is often much less than the cost of service for other brands of cars. This is because Honda vehicles are designed to be very reliable and require little maintenance.
If you are looking for a brown Honda service center, we recommend searching online or in the yellow pages.
Benefits of brown honda service
Honda is a Japanese automaker that is known for its quality vehicles. The company offers a wide range of vehicles, from small cars to SUV’s, and everything in between. Honda also offers a variety of services, including browns honda service.
Browns honda service is a program that Honda offers to its customers. This program provides customers with a number of benefits, including discounts on service and repairs, extended warranty coverage, and more. Browns honda service is a great way for Honda customers to save money on their vehicle maintenance and repairs.
Discounts on Service and Repairs
One of the main benefits of browns honda service is the discounts that are available on service and repairs. Honda customers who enroll in the program can save up to 10% on service and repairs.
If you are reading this, then you might be considering contacting Brown Honda for their services. Here is a brief review of their services to help you make a decision.
Brown Honda has been in business for over 35 years and is a family owned and operated business. They also offer a wide variety of new and used cars for sale.
One of the things that sets Brown Honda apart from other businesses is their customer services. They offer a no-pressure environment and are always willing to answer any questions you may have. They also offer a loyalty program where you can earn points towards free services and merchandise.
If you are looking for a new or used car, or need services on your current vehicle, then Brown Honda is definitely worth considering.
Brown Honda is one of the best places to get your car serviced. I have never had any issues with their service.
The Brown Honda services brief review provides a detailed overview of the car services at the Brown Honda dealership. The review is positive, highlighting the professionalism and quality of service provided by the staff. The reviewer recommends Brown Honda for anyone in need of car services.
Brookside lawn service details and reviews
Can a chihuahua be a service dog review | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1953 | {"url": "https://collectiveapathy.com/brown-honda-service-brief-review/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "collectiveapathy.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:59:50Z", "digest": "sha1:BARRQ2EUWK4BUNPVGVN5WOAO6I72YZFK"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 4629, 4629.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 4629, 7234.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 4629, 29.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 4629, 143.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 4629, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 4629, 209.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 4629, 0.43033708]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 4629, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 4629, 0.02346667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 4629, 0.1656]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 4629, 0.11253333]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 4629, 0.04106667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 4629, 0.04106667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 4629, 0.04106667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 4629, 0.06666667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 4629, 0.04986667]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 4629, 0.016]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 4629, 0.00449438]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 4629, 0.10224719]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 4629, 0.33375]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 4629, 4.6875]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 4629, 4.82106852]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 4629, 800.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 80, 0.0], [80, 111, 0.0], [111, 564, 1.0], [564, 593, 1.0], [593, 813, 1.0], [813, 923, 1.0], [923, 1116, 1.0], [1116, 1148, 1.0], [1148, 1533, 1.0], [1533, 1892, 1.0], [1892, 1920, 0.0], [1920, 2042, 1.0], [2042, 2232, 1.0], [2232, 2459, 1.0], [2459, 2566, 1.0], [2566, 2598, 0.0], [2598, 2839, 1.0], [2839, 3162, 1.0], [3162, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3389, 1.0], [3389, 3557, 1.0], [3557, 3715, 1.0], [3715, 4008, 1.0], [4008, 4142, 1.0], [4142, 4254, 1.0], [4254, 4547, 1.0], [4547, 4590, 0.0], [4590, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 80, 0.0], [80, 111, 0.0], [111, 564, 0.0], [564, 593, 0.0], [593, 813, 0.0], [813, 923, 0.0], [923, 1116, 0.0], [1116, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1533, 0.0], [1533, 1892, 0.0], [1892, 1920, 0.0], [1920, 2042, 0.0], [2042, 2232, 0.0], [2232, 2459, 0.0], [2459, 2566, 0.0], [2566, 2598, 0.0], [2598, 2839, 0.0], [2839, 3162, 0.0], [3162, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3389, 0.0], [3389, 3557, 0.0], [3557, 3715, 0.0], [3715, 4008, 0.0], [4008, 4142, 0.0], [4142, 4254, 0.0], [4254, 4547, 0.0], [4547, 4590, 0.0], [4590, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 47, 5.0], [47, 80, 5.0], [80, 111, 7.0], [111, 564, 79.0], [564, 593, 5.0], [593, 813, 41.0], [813, 923, 20.0], [923, 1116, 39.0], [1116, 1148, 6.0], [1148, 1533, 65.0], [1533, 1892, 57.0], [1892, 1920, 5.0], [1920, 2042, 21.0], [2042, 2232, 34.0], [2232, 2459, 41.0], [2459, 2566, 19.0], [2566, 2598, 5.0], [2598, 2839, 40.0], [2839, 3162, 51.0], [3162, 3195, 5.0], [3195, 3389, 35.0], [3389, 3557, 30.0], [3557, 3715, 31.0], [3715, 4008, 48.0], [4008, 4142, 24.0], [4142, 4254, 22.0], [4254, 4547, 46.0], [4547, 4590, 6.0], [4590, 4629, 8.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 80, 0.0], [80, 111, 0.03333333], [111, 564, 0.00449438], [564, 593, 0.0], [593, 813, 0.0], [813, 923, 0.0], [923, 1116, 0.0], [1116, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1533, 0.00527704], [1533, 1892, 0.0], [1892, 1920, 0.0], [1920, 2042, 0.0], [2042, 2232, 0.05555556], [2232, 2459, 0.0], [2459, 2566, 0.0], [2566, 2598, 0.0], [2598, 2839, 0.0], [2839, 3162, 0.0], [3162, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3389, 0.01052632], [3389, 3557, 0.0], [3557, 3715, 0.01290323], [3715, 4008, 0.0], [4008, 4142, 0.0], [4142, 4254, 0.0], [4254, 4547, 0.0], [4547, 4590, 0.0], [4590, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 80, 0.0], [80, 111, 0.0], [111, 564, 0.0], [564, 593, 0.0], [593, 813, 0.0], [813, 923, 0.0], [923, 1116, 0.0], [1116, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1533, 0.0], [1533, 1892, 0.0], [1892, 1920, 0.0], [1920, 2042, 0.0], [2042, 2232, 0.0], [2232, 2459, 0.0], [2459, 2566, 0.0], [2566, 2598, 0.0], [2598, 2839, 0.0], [2839, 3162, 0.0], [3162, 3195, 0.0], [3195, 3389, 0.0], [3389, 3557, 0.0], [3557, 3715, 0.0], [3715, 4008, 0.0], [4008, 4142, 0.0], [4142, 4254, 0.0], [4254, 4547, 0.0], [4547, 4590, 0.0], [4590, 4629, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 47, 0.06382979], [47, 80, 0.03030303], [80, 111, 0.06451613], [111, 564, 0.01766004], [564, 593, 0.03448276], [593, 813, 0.02272727], [813, 923, 0.00909091], [923, 1116, 0.03108808], [1116, 1148, 0.03125], [1148, 1533, 0.03636364], [1533, 1892, 0.03064067], [1892, 1920, 0.03571429], [1920, 2042, 0.01639344], [2042, 2232, 0.01578947], [2232, 2459, 0.01762115], [2459, 2566, 0.01869159], [2566, 2598, 0.03125], [2598, 2839, 0.02904564], [2839, 3162, 0.01547988], [3162, 3195, 0.09090909], [3195, 3389, 0.01030928], [3389, 3557, 0.02380952], [3557, 3715, 0.01898734], [3715, 4008, 0.01706485], [4008, 4142, 0.02238806], [4142, 4254, 0.02678571], [4254, 4547, 0.03071672], [4547, 4590, 0.02325581], [4590, 4629, 0.02564103]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 4629, 0.0040971]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 4629, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 4629, 0.03133827]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 4629, -244.57244103]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 4629, -53.28243781]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 4629, -242.16278369]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 4629, 47.0]]} |
Tide’s DeVonta Smith the 1st WR to win AP Player of the Year
Associated PressDec 29, 2020, 3:20 PM EST
Dale Zanine-USA TODAY Sports
DeVonta Smith of Alabama is The Associated Press college football player of the year and the first wide receiver to win the award since it was established in 1998.
In what could be a preview of the Heisman Trophy voting, Smith received 26 first-place votes and 114 points to finish comfortably ahead of his teammate and quarterback, Mac Jones.
Jones received nine first-place votes and 67 points as he and Smith became the first teammates to finish 1-2 in the voting for AP player of the year.
Smith is also the first Alabama player to win the award.
“Probably one of the most selfless guys that I’ve ever had the opportunity to coach in terms of whatever he can do to help the team he wants to do,” Tide coach Nick Saban said. “The guy is one of the most popular guys on the team and also one of the leaders of the team that everybody looks up to because of the example that he sets every day and how he goes about his work.”
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence finished third with nine first-place votes and 49 points and Florida quarterback Kyle Trask was fourth with three first-place votes and 44 points.
Smith, Jones, Lawrence and Trask are the Heisman Trophy finalists. The trophy will be presented Jan. 5.
The AP player of the year has gone to the Heisman winner 17 of 22 times previously. The two most recent times when the AP player of the year and the Heisman went to different players involved Alabama’s Heisman winners.
In 2009, Crimson Tide running back Mark Ingram won the Heisman in one of the closest votes in the history of the award, but Nebraska defensive lineman Ndamukong Suh was AP player of the year.
Derrick Henry won the 2015 Heisman for the Tide, but Stanford’s Christian McCaffrey was AP player of the year.
Like the Heisman, quarterbacks have dominated the AP player of the year, with 17 QBs winning the award, along with four running backs.
Smith, who is trying to become the first receiver to win the Heisman since 1991, has 98 catches for 1,511 yards and has scored 19 touchdowns.
AP Player Of The Year Voting
DeVonta Smith, Alabama – 114 (26 first-place votes)
Mac Jones, Alabama – 67 (9).
Trevor Lawrence, Clemson – 49 (9).
Kyle Trask, Florida – 44 (3).
Kyle Pitts, Florida – 5.
Travis Etienne, Clemson – 3 (1).
Javonte Williams, North Carolina – 3 (1).
Zach Wilson, BYU – 3.
Najee Harris, Alabama – 2.
Ian Book, Notre Dame – 2.
Zaven Collins, Tulsa – 1.
Breece Hall, Iowa State – 1. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1954 | {"url": "https://collegefootball.nbcsports.com/2020/12/29/tides-devonta-smith-the-1st-wr-to-win-ap-player-of-the-year/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "collegefootball.nbcsports.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:02:55Z", "digest": "sha1:NK34NVVJAQ5LEJUQLKNYYFYDHWYSYVHX"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2549, 2549.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2549, 9488.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2549, 28.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2549, 102.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2549, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2549, 264.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2549, 0.33876812]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2549, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2549, 0.08846918]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2549, 0.06312127]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2549, 0.04224652]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2549, 0.04920477]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2549, 0.06709742]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2549, 0.02717391]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2549, 0.23369565]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2549, 0.46220302]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2549, 4.34557235]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2549, 4.80341714]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2549, 463.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 103, 0.0], [103, 132, 0.0], [132, 296, 1.0], [296, 476, 1.0], [476, 626, 1.0], [626, 683, 1.0], [683, 1059, 1.0], [1059, 1242, 1.0], [1242, 1346, 1.0], [1346, 1565, 1.0], [1565, 1757, 1.0], [1757, 1868, 1.0], [1868, 2003, 1.0], [2003, 2145, 1.0], [2145, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2226, 0.0], [2226, 2255, 1.0], [2255, 2290, 1.0], [2290, 2320, 1.0], [2320, 2345, 1.0], [2345, 2378, 1.0], [2378, 2420, 1.0], [2420, 2442, 1.0], [2442, 2469, 1.0], [2469, 2495, 1.0], [2495, 2521, 1.0], [2521, 2549, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 103, 0.0], [103, 132, 0.0], [132, 296, 0.0], [296, 476, 0.0], [476, 626, 0.0], [626, 683, 0.0], [683, 1059, 0.0], [1059, 1242, 0.0], [1242, 1346, 0.0], [1346, 1565, 0.0], [1565, 1757, 0.0], [1757, 1868, 0.0], [1868, 2003, 0.0], [2003, 2145, 0.0], [2145, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2226, 0.0], [2226, 2255, 0.0], [2255, 2290, 0.0], [2290, 2320, 0.0], [2320, 2345, 0.0], [2345, 2378, 0.0], [2378, 2420, 0.0], [2420, 2442, 0.0], [2442, 2469, 0.0], [2469, 2495, 0.0], [2495, 2521, 0.0], [2521, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 61, 13.0], [61, 103, 7.0], [103, 132, 4.0], [132, 296, 29.0], [296, 476, 30.0], [476, 626, 28.0], [626, 683, 11.0], [683, 1059, 77.0], [1059, 1242, 27.0], [1242, 1346, 17.0], [1346, 1565, 40.0], [1565, 1757, 35.0], [1757, 1868, 19.0], [1868, 2003, 23.0], [2003, 2145, 26.0], [2145, 2174, 6.0], [2174, 2226, 8.0], [2226, 2255, 6.0], [2255, 2290, 6.0], [2290, 2320, 6.0], [2320, 2345, 5.0], [2345, 2378, 6.0], [2378, 2420, 7.0], [2420, 2442, 5.0], [2442, 2469, 5.0], [2469, 2495, 6.0], [2495, 2521, 5.0], [2521, 2549, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 61, 0.01666667], [61, 103, 0.23684211], [103, 132, 0.0], [132, 296, 0.02469136], [296, 476, 0.02857143], [476, 626, 0.02739726], [626, 683, 0.0], [683, 1059, 0.0], [1059, 1242, 0.02234637], [1242, 1346, 0.01020408], [1346, 1565, 0.01851852], [1565, 1757, 0.0212766], [1757, 1868, 0.03703704], [1868, 2003, 0.01538462], [2003, 2145, 0.08759124], [2145, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2226, 0.10638298], [2226, 2255, 0.125], [2255, 2290, 0.1], [2290, 2320, 0.12], [2320, 2345, 0.04545455], [2345, 2378, 0.07142857], [2378, 2420, 0.05405405], [2420, 2442, 0.05263158], [2442, 2469, 0.04166667], [2469, 2495, 0.04347826], [2495, 2521, 0.04347826], [2521, 2549, 0.03846154]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 103, 0.0], [103, 132, 0.0], [132, 296, 0.0], [296, 476, 0.0], [476, 626, 0.0], [626, 683, 0.0], [683, 1059, 0.0], [1059, 1242, 0.0], [1242, 1346, 0.0], [1346, 1565, 0.0], [1565, 1757, 0.0], [1757, 1868, 0.0], [1868, 2003, 0.0], [2003, 2145, 0.0], [2145, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2226, 0.0], [2226, 2255, 0.0], [2255, 2290, 0.0], [2290, 2320, 0.0], [2320, 2345, 0.0], [2345, 2378, 0.0], [2378, 2420, 0.0], [2420, 2442, 0.0], [2442, 2469, 0.0], [2469, 2495, 0.0], [2495, 2521, 0.0], [2521, 2549, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 61, 0.16393443], [61, 103, 0.19047619], [103, 132, 0.37931034], [132, 296, 0.04268293], [296, 476, 0.03333333], [476, 626, 0.02666667], [626, 683, 0.03508772], [683, 1059, 0.01595745], [1059, 1242, 0.03278689], [1242, 1346, 0.07692308], [1346, 1565, 0.0456621], [1565, 1757, 0.05729167], [1757, 1868, 0.09009009], [1868, 2003, 0.04444444], [2003, 2145, 0.01408451], [2145, 2174, 0.24137931], [2174, 2226, 0.07692308], [2226, 2255, 0.10344828], [2255, 2290, 0.08571429], [2290, 2320, 0.1], [2320, 2345, 0.12], [2345, 2378, 0.09090909], [2378, 2420, 0.0952381], [2420, 2442, 0.22727273], [2442, 2469, 0.11111111], [2469, 2495, 0.15384615], [2495, 2521, 0.11538462], [2521, 2549, 0.14285714]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2549, 0.90916413]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2549, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2549, 0.73686814]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2549, -193.69053447]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2549, 33.45496747]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2549, 50.00233073]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2549, 27.0]]} |
Exemplar Health Care
Advice on employment law and managing people.
Care home operators have to ensure that employees are working to the required standards.
If they do not, the welfare of their residents is potentially put at risk. Exemplar Health Care had a case in which a fourth disciplinary charge was proven against an employee who had already three, live, final warnings for previous breaches.
Trudy Duke, HR and Training Director, was shocked when the company’s employment law advisers recommended that the employee should receive another final, written warning. The company had to follow their advice because otherwise Exemplar’s insurance would not have covered the cost of any subsequent employment tribunal. For Ms Duke, it was the final straw. She explained: ‘We were becoming increasingly frustrated with the advice given by the insurance company. Having someone on four live, final, written warnings doesn’t make any sense. We were getting to the point where we felt we couldn’t dismiss anybody.’
Exemplar, whose head office is in Rotherham, employs 2,500 people at its 30 homes, only five of which house elderly residents. The remainder are for young adults with complex, specialist needs and it is vital for the business to ensure that the relationship between staff and service users is kept on a sound, professional footing.
Ms Duke and her colleagues had used Collinson Grant at a previous company and wanted to use our services again. Exemplar, however, did not want to abandon its insurance policy, which covers other risks as well as employment law. So they approached the insurer, Abbey Legal Protection, and explained that Exemplar wanted to obtain its employment law advice from us, but remain covered by the policy. After discussions, an agreement was reached. ‘The insurers remain liable for the cost of any tribunals, provided we seek and follow the advice of Collinson Grant in each case,’ said Ms Duke.
Although the combination of an insurance policy and Collinson Grant’s retainer service was more expensive than the previous arrangements, she said it had proved to be better for the business. ‘It’s an additional cost – our premium wasn’t reduced. But the reason it works is that Collinson Grant gives us the advice we need at the point when we ask for it, it’s not led by anything else. We have been able to manage staff appropriately and proportionately, as we should. When somebody has to be dismissed, we need to be able to do that. Our home managers have to be able to make decisions based on what is right for the business. Now that we use Collinson Grant, they don’t even have to think about the insurance. In the business we are in, safeguarding issues have to be dealt with seriously. You can’t just give someone a slap on the wrist and tell them not to do it again.’
As well as disciplinary matters, our team supports Exemplar’s managers with telephone and e-mail advice on contracts of employment, managing performance, attendance, fairness at work, equal opportunities and fair and practical policies. We keep operational managers up to date on the law and also help to ensure that employment practices and decisions help the business to achieve its goals. Our advice is pragmatic, commercial and down-to-earth. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1955 | {"url": "https://collinsongrant.com/exemplar-health-care/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "collinsongrant.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:32:49Z", "digest": "sha1:VHK76KWYXFLDOGQK5U44V3GMVKMTPOZS"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3254, 3254.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3254, 4452.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3254, 9.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3254, 75.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3254, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3254, 263.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3254, 0.45283019]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3254, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3254, 0.02077039]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3254, 0.01359517]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3254, 0.00906344]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3254, 0.00157233]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3254, 0.13679245]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3254, 0.5]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3254, 4.92193309]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3254, 5.15425991]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3254, 538.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 67, 1.0], [67, 156, 1.0], [156, 399, 1.0], [399, 1010, 0.0], [1010, 1342, 1.0], [1342, 1932, 1.0], [1932, 2808, 0.0], [2808, 3254, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 67, 0.0], [67, 156, 0.0], [156, 399, 0.0], [399, 1010, 0.0], [1010, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1932, 0.0], [1932, 2808, 0.0], [2808, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 21, 3.0], [21, 67, 7.0], [67, 156, 14.0], [156, 399, 41.0], [399, 1010, 94.0], [1010, 1342, 55.0], [1342, 1932, 98.0], [1932, 2808, 160.0], [2808, 3254, 66.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 67, 0.0], [67, 156, 0.0], [156, 399, 0.0], [399, 1010, 0.0], [1010, 1342, 0.01857585], [1342, 1932, 0.0], [1932, 2808, 0.0], [2808, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 67, 0.0], [67, 156, 0.0], [156, 399, 0.0], [399, 1010, 0.0], [1010, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1932, 0.0], [1932, 2808, 0.0], [2808, 3254, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.14285714], [21, 67, 0.02173913], [67, 156, 0.01123596], [156, 399, 0.01646091], [399, 1010, 0.02454992], [1010, 1342, 0.00903614], [1342, 1932, 0.02711864], [1932, 2808, 0.01712329], [2808, 3254, 0.00896861]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3254, 0.42502213]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3254, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3254, 0.42050028]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3254, -77.16996385]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3254, 79.70902634]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3254, -135.15829716]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3254, 29.0]]} |
Briefline
‘Green stimulus’ could mean thousands of jobs plugging oil and gas wells, says report
By: Chase Woodruff - July 20, 2020 4:23 pm
A pump jack is pictured near homes in Frederick on June 24, 2020. (Andy Bosselman for Colorado Newsline)
As environmental activists in Colorado continue to worry about a potential spike in the number of abandoned oil and gas wells due to the industry’s financial struggles, a new report suggests that a “green stimulus” program by the federal government could solve both problems at once — employing laid-off oil and gas workers to plug and reclaim abandoned or at-risk facilities.
Nationwide, such a program could create as many as 120,000 jobs over the next year, according to a paper released July 20 by researchers at Columbia University and environmental group Resources for the Future.
“Amid this historic economic downturn, a large federal funding program to plug orphaned and abandoned oil and gas wells could deliver stimulative impact by boosting employment quickly in the struggling oil and gas sector while also reducing the emissions that cause climate change,” said Jason Bordoff, a co-author of the report and director of Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy, in a news release. “With more than 20 million Americans unemployed in the face of COVID-19 shutdowns, plugging abandoned oil and gas wells could create tens of thousands of new jobs while cutting greenhouse gas emissions.”
The report’s findings are based in part on data obtained from the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. Based on cost and workforce estimates provided by the COGCC and other regulating agencies across the country, researchers concluded that a program to plug the United States’ 56,600 catalogued “orphaned” oil and gas wells could create at least 13,445 jobs at a total cost of between $1.4 billion and $2.7 billion. Such a program could likely be extended much further, however, since this official count is only a fraction of the roughly 500,000 undocumented orphaned wells that regulators estimate exist nationwide.
Depending on their condition, orphaned wells can pose environmental risks like soil and groundwater contamination and leaks of methane gas, which contributes to global warming. Plugging inactive wells and reclaiming their surrounding sites can greatly reduce those risks, but such operations can be costly.
In Colorado, the state’s most recent official count lists 215 orphaned wells and 454 associated orphaned sites, while an estimated 200 orphaned wells remain undocumented, according to a report by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission.
Those are far lower numbers than many eastern states, like Pennsylvania, but Colorado’s cleanup costs could still be significant, especially if a wave of bankruptcies leads to a rise in abandoned wells. On average, plugging and fully reclaiming an oil and gas site in Colorado costs roughly $80,000 per well — an amount that often exceeds the financial-assurance bonds that producers are required to provide to operate in the state.
Pam Anderson wants to run 'evidence-based' elections if… by Sara Wilson September 15, 2022 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1956 | {"url": "https://coloradonewsline.com/briefs/green-stimulus-could-mean-thousands-of-jobs-plugging-oil-and-gas-wells-says-report/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "coloradonewsline.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:45:35Z", "digest": "sha1:IIAM4LW3IJGMNGPUGB3M24DROHYSASTA"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3153, 3153.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3153, 8707.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3153, 12.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3153, 79.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3153, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3153, 282.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3153, 0.33952703]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3153, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3153, 0.04238921]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3153, 0.03352601]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3153, 0.02312139]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3153, 0.03468208]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3153, 0.02697495]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3153, 0.00506757]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3153, 0.17905405]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3153, 0.55533199]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3153, 5.22132797]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3153, 0.00168919]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3153, 5.16321915]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3153, 497.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 96, 0.0], [96, 139, 0.0], [139, 244, 0.0], [244, 621, 1.0], [621, 831, 1.0], [831, 1453, 1.0], [1453, 2080, 1.0], [2080, 2387, 1.0], [2387, 2630, 1.0], [2630, 3063, 1.0], [3063, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 96, 0.0], [96, 139, 0.0], [139, 244, 0.0], [244, 621, 0.0], [621, 831, 0.0], [831, 1453, 0.0], [1453, 2080, 0.0], [2080, 2387, 0.0], [2387, 2630, 0.0], [2630, 3063, 0.0], [3063, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 10, 1.0], [10, 96, 14.0], [96, 139, 8.0], [139, 244, 18.0], [244, 621, 61.0], [621, 831, 34.0], [831, 1453, 97.0], [1453, 2080, 99.0], [2080, 2387, 44.0], [2387, 2630, 37.0], [2630, 3063, 70.0], [3063, 3153, 14.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 96, 0.0], [96, 139, 0.24324324], [139, 244, 0.06], [244, 621, 0.0], [621, 831, 0.03902439], [831, 1453, 0.00653595], [1453, 2080, 0.03262643], [2080, 2387, 0.0], [2387, 2630, 0.03781513], [2630, 3063, 0.01182033], [3063, 3153, 0.06976744]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 96, 0.0], [96, 139, 0.0], [139, 244, 0.0], [244, 621, 0.0], [621, 831, 0.0], [831, 1453, 0.0], [1453, 2080, 0.0], [2080, 2387, 0.0], [2387, 2630, 0.0], [2630, 3063, 0.0], [3063, 3153, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 10, 0.1], [10, 96, 0.01162791], [96, 139, 0.09302326], [139, 244, 0.06666667], [244, 621, 0.00530504], [621, 831, 0.02857143], [831, 1453, 0.02572347], [1453, 2080, 0.02392344], [2080, 2387, 0.00651466], [2387, 2630, 0.02880658], [2630, 3063, 0.01154734], [3063, 3153, 0.05555556]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3153, 0.90525895]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3153, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3153, 0.54846942]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3153, -200.09443164]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3153, 61.95371488]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3153, -25.19288378]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3153, 16.0]]} |
Vol. 115 No. 4
Columbia Law Review Disappearing Legal Black Holes and Converging Domains: Changing Individual Rights Protection in National Security and Foreign Affairs
Disappearing Legal Black Holes and Converging Domains: Changing Individual Rights Protection in National Security and Foreign Affairs
Andrew Kent*
This Essay attempts to describe what is distinctive about the way the protection of individual rights in the areas of national security and foreign affairs has been occurring in recent decades. Historically, the right to protection under the U.S. Constitution and courts has been sharply limited by categorical distinctions based on geography, war, and, to some extent, citizenship. These categorical rules carved out domains where the courts and Constitution provided protections and those where they did not. The institutional design and operating rules of the national security state tracked these formal, categorical rules about the boundaries of protection. There have been many “legal black holes” historically, domains where legal protections did not exist for certain people. Foreign affairs and national security have historically been areas defined by their legal black holes.
In recent years, legal black holes are disappearing, and previously distinct domains are converging. The importance of U.S. citizenship to protection under the Constitution and courts is decreasing, formal barriers to legal protection and judicial review based on geography and war are dissolving, and the dissolution of these categorical boundaries is changing the design and operation of the national security state. National security and foreign affairs law is being domesticated and normalized, as rights protections available in ordinary, domestic, peacetime contexts are extended into what were previously legal black holes. The jurisprudence of categorization and boundary-marking is fading away.
The core of this Essay identifies, names, and discusses these trends, seeking to give a vocabulary and conceptual and historical coherence to current discussions of individual rights protection in national security and foreign affairs contexts. Secondarily, this Essay suggests some factors that might be driving convergence and closing of legal black holes today. Because most of these potential causal drivers are still exerting their force on the shape of the law, this Essay concludes that the future of national security law will likely see more convergence and fewer black legal holes and then offers several specific predictions.
* Professor, Fordham Law School; Faculty Adviser to the Center on National Security at Fordham Law. This Essay benefited from presentations at a faculty workshop at Fordham Law School and a symposium on the Future of National Security Law at Pepperdine Law School. Thanks to Corey Brettschneider, Karen J. Greenberg, Duncan B. Hollis, Robert Kaczorowski, Sonia Katyal, Joseph Landau, Thomas H. Lee, Ethan J. Leib, Martin Flaherty, Martha Rayner, and Benjamin C. Zipursky for helpful discussions and/or comments on earlier versions of this project.
It has been quite common in the last decade, when difficult legal questions were raised about individual rights and judicial review—the rights, for example, of noncitizen military detainees at Guantanamo, or of U.S. citizens targeted with drone strikes in Yemen or elsewhere—to hear lawyers assert that centuries-old understandings, precedents, and practices support their arguments. For instance, in the Rasul
1 Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466, 470–73 (2004) (concerning habeas corpus review of U.S. military detentions of suspected al Qaeda and Taliban supporters at military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba).
... Close
and then the Boumediene
2 Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 732–33 (2008) (same).
litigation, lawyers and law professors supporting the detainees confidently asserted that common law and constitutional principles and practices dating back to the eighteenth century and even earlier clearly mandated that the detainees had a right to habeas review, while lawyers and law professors on the other side just as confidently asserted the opposite.
3 Compare Brief for Professors of Constitutional Law and Federal Jurisdiction as Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioners at 5–25, Boumediene, 553 U.S. 723 (Nos. 06-1195), 2007 WL 2441580 (arguing historical case law and practice show persons such as detainees have long been protected by habeas corpus and Suspension Clause), with Brief for the Foundation for Defense of Democracies et al. as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents at 5–12, Boumediene, 553 U.S. 723 (No. 06-1195), 2007 WL 2972242 (arguing there is no historical precedent of habeas corpus protection of persons such as detainees).
Supporters of rights for detainees and others affected by post–9/11 security actions contended that the Bush Administration’s claims that, under traditional understandings, the Constitution did not protect certain persons or places, were attempts to create “legal black holes,”
4 Kate Zernike, McCain and Obama Split on Justices’ Guantanamo Ruling, N.Y. Times (June 13, 2008), http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/13/us/politics/13candidates
.html (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (quoting Senator Barack Obama). The term seems to have been coined by Johan Steyn. See Johan Steyn, Guantanamo Bay: The Legal Black Hole, 53 Int’l & Comp. L.Q. 1, 1 (2004) (“The most powerful democracy is detaining hundreds of suspected foot soldiers of the Taliban in a legal black hole at the United States naval base at Guantanamo Bay, where they await trial on capital charges by military tribunals.”).
something which was said to be shocking and even un-American.
5 See Countdown with Keith Olbermann (MSNBC television broadcast June 22, 2007) (statement of Prof. Neal Katyal, Salim Hamdan’s attorney), transcript available at http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19415786/ns/msnbc-countdown_with_keith_olbermann/t/
countdown-keith-olbermann-june/#.VNVdS1PF_lQ (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (“[T]he administration’s argument is that Guantanamo is an [sic] legal black hole where they can do whatever they want . . . . [T]hat is . . . fundamentally un-American to say, These people have no rights whatsoever.”).
The effect of all this has been to suggest a kind of continuity in legal thought about how people are protected from overreaching by the U.S. government. But any suggestion of continuity is mistaken. Rather than continuity, there has been enormous change. Research about the Founding period,
6 See generally Philip Hamburger, Beyond Protection, 109 Colum. L. Rev. 1823, 1826 (2009) (showing in Founding era, persons who did not owe allegiance received no legal protection); J. Andrew Kent, A Textual and Historical Case Against a Global Constitution, 95 Geo. L.J. 463, 464–65 (2007) [hereinafter Kent, Global Constitution] (finding no evidence Founding generation thought U.S. Constitution provided extraterritorial protections but finding much evidence it did not).
the Civil War,
7 See generally Andrew Kent, The Constitution and the Laws of War During the Civil War, 85 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1839, 1845–52 (2010) [hereinafter Kent, Civil War] (showing during Civil War, persons resident in enemy territory and members of enemy’s armed forces lacked protection of Constitution and laws).
the age of imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century,
8 See generally Andrew Kent, Boumediene, Munaf, and the Supreme Court’s Misreading of the Insular Cases, 97 Iowa L. Rev. 101, 103, 112–13 (2011) [hereinafter Kent, Insular Cases] (showing Insular Cases held or assumed Constitution did not protect persons outside sovereign territory of United States, military enemies wherever located, and persons within newly-acquired sovereign territory in which congressional civil government had not yet been established); Andrew Kent, Habeas Corpus, Protection, and Extraterritorial Constitutional Rights: A Reply to Stephen Vladeck’s “Insular Thinking About Habeas,” 97 Iowa L. Rev. Bull. 34, 37–40 (2012) (showing in two little-known Insular Cases, Supreme Court apparently assumed noncitizens located in Panama Canal Zone and in newly-annexed Puerto Rico, which was still governed by U.S. military, were not protected by the Constitution’s Suspension Clause or other procedural rights).
and the period spanning the two World Wars and early Cold War,
9 See generally Andrew Kent, Do Boumediene Rights Expire?, 161 U. Pa. L. Rev. PENNumbra 20, 33–34 (2012) [hereinafter Kent, Boumediene Rights], available at http://
scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review_online/vol161/iss1/6/ (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (contrasting approaches mid-nineteenth-century Court applied to court access for enemy aliens); Andrew Kent, Judicial Review for Enemy Fighters: The Court’s Fateful Turn in Ex parte Quirin, the Nazi Saboteur Case, 66 Vand. L. Rev. 153, 156–57 (2013) [hereinafter Kent, Enemy Fighters] (arguing until 1942 Quirin case, enemy fighters had never been thought to be entitled to access U.S. courts during wartime to claim protections from Constitution or other municipal laws).
reveals that historical understandings about the protection of individual rights in national security and foreign affairs contexts
10 This refers to contexts where the United States is involved in warfare, relations with foreign countries, or extraterritorial intelligence gathering, covert action, or law enforcement.
were profoundly different than modern understandings.
During these earlier eras, there was a stable and identifiable form or structure to the legal thought about individual rights and judicial review in foreign affairs.
11 See infra Part I (discussing how entitlement to individual rights was understood to be delimited by territorial location, enemy status during wartime, and citizenship).
In the last few decades, however, it has begun to change, and this change has recently accelerated.
12 See infra Part III (discussing recent changes to individual rights in foreign affairs and national security contexts).
The longstanding form or structure of rights protection was based on categorical rules and boundary-drawing. The primary axes along which the protections of the Constitution and domestic laws and courts were delimited were territorial location, citizenship, and enemy status during wartime.
13 See infra Part I (summarizing historical evidence that these categorical distinctions prevailed).
For instance, enemy aliens (citizens or subjects of a nation at war with the United States) were barred from accessing U.S. courts during wartime unless they resided in America and had refrained from taking hostile actions against the United States.
14 See infra notes 36–41 and accompanying text (discussing historical treatment of enemy aliens).
And all aliens who were outside the United States lacked any rights under the U.S. Constitution.
15 See infra notes 29–33 and accompanying text (discussing importance of geography in constitutional protection); see also Kent, Global Constitution, supra note 6, at 485–505 (identifying “background assumptions and conceptions” of legal status of aliens outside United States at Founding).
Even if present in the United States (say, as prisoners of war), enemy fighters lacked any right to access U.S. courts and any individual rights under the Constitution.
16 See infra Part I (summarizing historical evidence); see also Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 180–88, 193–96, 198–99, 202–05 (discussing treatment of enemy fighters in England and during early American wars and Civil War).
And even citizens could lose protection from the Constitution and courts during wartime when present at sites of actual battles.
17 See infra Part I (summarizing historical evidence); see also Andrew Kent, Are Damages Different?: Bivens and National Security, 87 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1123, 1165 (2014) [hereinafter Kent, Damages] (summarizing rules of common law and law of nations).
The domain of protection was therefore based on formal, categorical distinctions between U.S. territory and abroad, war and peace, resident and nonresident, citizen and noncitizen, enemy fighter and not, and zone of battle and elsewhere. Many legal black holes existed where persons, places, or contexts were on the wrong side of the categorical divide and were outside the protection of the law. This is not a claim that inter arma enim silent leges—in times of war, the laws are silent
18 The phrase dates back to Cicero and is frequently used today to describe, and criticize, the way courts are said to become much more deferential to political branches’ responses to emergencies than ordinary legal rules should allow. See Richard H. Pildes, Law and the President, 125 Harv. L. Rev. 1381, 1385 & n.19 (2012) (reviewing Eric A. Posner & Adrian Vermeule, The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic (2010)) (noting origin of phrase and modern usage).
—that is, that existing legal restraints tend to disappear in practice during wartime as government stretches the boundaries of the permissible. The claim is that the accepted boundaries of legal protection were limited by categorical distinctions as to place, person, and context.
Importantly, these categorical limitations on the domain of protection from the Constitution and courts in the national security area were instantiated by structural doctrines and institutional design choices by Constitution drafters, Congress, and the executive branch.
19 See infra Part I (summarizing categorical distinctions established in Founding period).
The sharp point of the spear of the national security state was aimed outside the United States. The U.S. military and, when they developed later in American history, foreign-intelligence organizations like the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Agency, were generally deployed outward against noncitizens abroad, while internally it was law enforcement agencies like the Federal Bureau of Investigation that took the lead.
20 See infra Part II.B (describing formation of modern national security system and division of responsibility).
In recent years, the older understandings and practices have started to break down. The distinctions between domestic and foreign, enemy and friend, peace and war, and citizen and noncitizen are breaking down, both in the real world and in the law determining the domain of rights and the right to access the courts. Formal barriers to legal protection and judicial review based on categorical distinctions about citizenship, geography, or war are dissolving, and the dissolution of these categorical boundaries is also reflected in changes to the design and operation of the national security state. I call this process “convergence”—previously distinct boundaries are softening and previously distinct spheres are becoming more alike. National security is becoming less an exceptional zone of limited or nonexistent legal protection and instead more like the domestic sphere where robust judicial review provides significant protections from government overreaching. Legal black holes are shrinking or closing entirely.
This Essay aims first to identify and describe these trends, seeking to give a vocabulary as well as a conceptual and historical coherence to current discussions of individual rights protection in national security and foreign affairs contexts. Second, as a kind of research agenda for further inquiry, it suggests some possible causal factors that might be driving these changes and, in light of this, makes some predictions about the future.
Legal black holes in contemporary law have been examined by other scholars. David Dyzenhaus, in advocating that a robust, substantive version of the rule of law should prevail even when government is responding to contemporary security emergencies, decries legal black holes as “lawless void[s]” where the executive can act without legal constraint, either because the substantive law does not cover the situation or judicial review is unavailable.
21 David Dyzenhaus, The Constitution of Law: Legality in a Time of Emergency 1–3 (2006).
Dyzenhaus, who focuses primarily on the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, sees evidence that courts are gradually closing legal black holes in those countries by “put[ting] a rule-of-law spine into the adjudication of national security.”
22 Id. at 174.
His account is thus broadly congruent with my description of the trend in U.S. law and practice.
23 Dyzenhaus also coined the term “legal grey holes” to describe “disguised black holes,” that is, situations where “there are some legal constraints on executive action—it is not a lawless void—but the constraints are so insubstantial that they pretty well permit government to do as it pleases.” Id. at 3, 42. Adrian Vermeule has argued that contemporary U.S. administrative law is full of legal grey holes and even a few black holes, because of the standards for judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551–559, 701–706 (2012). Adrian Vermeule, Our Schmittian Administrative Law, 122 Harv. L. Rev. 1095, 1096–97 (2009). According to Vermeule, the large body of legal rules and practices that govern review of administrative agencies is pervasively founded upon “open-ended standards or adjustable parameters—for example, what counts as ‘arbitrary’ or ‘unreasonable’ . . . .” Id. at 1097. Vermeule argues “that courts can and do adjust” these open-ended standards “during perceived emergencies to increase deference to administrative agencies,” often in practice being so deferential as to represent only “a sham” of legal constraint. Id. Unlike Dyzenhaus, Vermeule thinks that legal grey holes are inevitable and, it appears, often have benefits as well as drawbacks. Id. at 1033, 1136; cf. Evan J. Criddle, Mending Holes in the Rule of (Administrative) Law, 104 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1271, passim (2010) (questioning Vermeule’s descriptive account); Joseph Landau, Chevron Meets Youngstown: National Security and the Administrative State, 92 B.U. L. Rev. 1917, 1974–77 (2012) (same).
With his co-author Eric Posner, Vermeule has also argued that the modern U.S. President is, in practice, “unbound” by law: The “law does little to constrain the modern executive.” Posner & Vermeule, supra note 18, at 15. In both ordinary domestic and national security contexts, and during both peacetime and emergencies, Posner and Vermeule suggest that legal constraints such as statutes and constitutional rules are typically vague enough, and courts are sufficiently deferential when law is invoked against executive action, that the executive in practice exists almost entirely in a legal grey hole. See, e.g., id. at 15, 52–58, 84–112. This Essay is not concerned with whether lax enforcement of legal constraints renders them merely nominal (legal grey holes); it focuses instead on well-accepted categorical rules and structures embodying those rules that, for much of American history, made certain persons, places, and contexts legal black holes. And, in any event, I join those critics who think that the suggestion that the modern U.S. executive operates in a pervasive legal grey hole is significantly overstated as an empirical matter. See, e.g., Jack Goldsmith, Power and Constraint (2012) (describing how national security actions of modern executive are restrained and made accountable by various mechanisms and institutions); Curtis A. Bradley & Trevor W. Morrison, Presidential Power, Historical Practice, and Legal Constraint, 113 Colum. L. Rev. 1097, 1149–52 (2013) (calling for additional empirical research on presidential legal constraints); Pildes, supra note 18, at 1392–403 (reviewing Posner & Vermeule and noting evidence that executive is restrained by law). This Essay suggests instead that the clear historical trend is toward greater legal constraint enforced by courts on the executive in the areas of foreign affairs and national security.
Other scholars writing about national security and foreign affairs have recently noted the blending and converging of previously distinct domains, akin to the processes I will describe. Robert Chesney has shown how the U.S. legal authorities and operating rules governing military versus intelligence operations have been converging.
24 See Robert Chesney, Military-Intelligence Convergence and the Law of the Title 10/Title 50 Debate, 5 J. Nat’l Security L. & Pol’y 539, 544–83 (2012).
Chesney and Jack Goldsmith have argued that the substantive and procedural law governing detention in military versus law enforcement contexts have been converging.
25 See Robert Chesney & Jack Goldsmith, Terrorism and the Convergence of Criminal and Military Detention Models, 60 Stan. L. Rev. 1079, 1100–20 (2008) (discussing convergence in era of post–9/11 military detention).
Joseph Landau has written about how the due process revolution in domestic law, primarily in the “new property” area, was assimilated into both immigration and national security law, helping spur greatly increased judicial protection for noncitizens in those areas.
26 See Joseph Landau, Due Process and the Non-Citizen: A Revolution Reconsidered, 47 Conn. L. Rev. 879, 894–911 (2015) [hereinafter Landau, Due Process] (highlighting influence of Matthews v. Eldridge on due process in contexts of immigration and national security).
And Richard Pildes and Samuel Issacharoff have shown how changes in law, political culture, and military technology are putting increasing pressure on the military to “individuate,” that is, to apply force in a surgical manner so that it only impacts individuals who have been deemed targetable or guilty in some fashion through fair procedures.
27 Samuel Issacharoff & Richard H. Pildes, Targeted Warfare: Individuating Enemy Responsibility, 88 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1521, 1596 (2013) [hereinafter Issacharoff & Pildes, Targeted Warfare] (arguing changes are part of “profound but partial transformation regarding the legitimate use of military force”).
All of these insights provide context for the convergence in rights protection and the disappearance of legal black holes that I describe below.
Parts I–III are the core of this Essay. Part I sketches the historical structure of legal protections in national security and foreign affairs domains, characterized by categorization, boundary-drawing, and legal black holes. Part II shows how demarcations of the Constitution’s and courts’ domain for protecting individual rights based on geography, war, and citizenship were mirrored by the institutional design choices and operating rules at the heart of the national security state. Part III documents the convergence that has been taking place recently in rights protection and the closing of legal black holes. Part IV, the more speculative section, offers some thoughts about the reasons for convergence and closing of legal black holes, suggests areas for future research, and predicts that convergence is likely to continue if not accelerate.
I. The Historical Domain of the Constitution and Right to Access the Courts
People can be protected from government overreaching in a number of ways. In the U.S. system, they may or may not have rights under the Constitution, international law, the common law, or statutory or regulatory law. They may be able to access U.S. courts to seek protection, or they may not. Government institutions may or may not be structured in ways that provide legal or practical protection. Historically, the traditional rules determining who had what kind of protections from the laws, courts, and other institutions in the national security domain have been based on a series of sharp, categorical distinctions.
This Part summarizes the traditional, categorical rules about protection from the laws and courts. I am generalizing a great deal here because the supporting research is presented in detail in other places
28 See Hamburger, supra note 6, at 1834–44, 1955–73 (documenting relationship between allegiance and protection in colonial and Founding periods); Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1163–67 (analyzing historical and other reasons for Supreme Court’s reticence to extend Bivens to national security sphere); Kent, Insular Cases, supra note 8, at 103–18 (disputing that Insular Cases provide support for Boumediene’s extension of constitutional habeas corpus to alleged enemy fighters held outside United States); Andrew Kent, Citizenship and Protection, 82 Fordham L. Rev. 2115, 2118–23 (2014) [hereinafter Kent, Citizenship] (exploring role traditionally played by territorial location, domicile, enemy status, and citizenship in determining scope of constitutional protections); Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1872–1911 (discussing reconceptualization of legal rights during Civil War era); Kent, Boumediene Rights, supra note 9, at 28–32 (assessing scope of enemy combatants’ rights under Boumediene and prior law); Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 169–213 (analyzing inability of enemy fighters to access courts via habeas corpus or otherwise); Kent, Global Constitution, supra note 6, at 485–505 (analyzing extraterritorial rights of noncitizens at time of Founding).
and, in any event, this Essay is focused on big themes that span historical epochs rather than doctrinal nuance at a given point in time.
Geography or territorial location has historically been a crucial determinant of protection from the Constitution and the courts. Generally speaking, both citizens and noncitizens within the United States were protected by the Constitution and could access the courts to claim protection.
29 See Kent, Citizenship, supra note 28, at 2118–20.
But, before the twenty-first century, noncitizens outside the sovereign territory of the United States were held to lack any constitutional rights.
30 See Kent, Insular Cases, supra note 8, at 123–32; Kent, Global Constitution, supra note 6, passim; see also Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 770 (2008) (“It is true that before today the Court has never held that noncitizens detained by our Government in territory over which another country maintains de jure sovereignty have any rights under our Constitution.”).
On the other hand, U.S. citizenship or lawful permanent residence in the United States did at times provide some extraterritorial rights protection. Most of the controversial and coercive national security activities of the U.S. government occur outside the United States, and hence the expansion and use of U.S. power around the globe in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have generated recurring controversies about extraterritorial constitutional rights.
31 See, e.g., Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 732–39 (concerning constitutional challenge to Congress’s stripping of habeas jurisdiction to review military detentions of non-U.S. citizens at U.S. military enclave at Guantanamo Bay); Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557, 566–69 (2006) (concerning constitutional and statutory challenges to military commission trial of non-U.S. citizen at Guantanamo Bay); United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259, 262–63 (1990) (concerning application of Fourth Amendment to search of Mexican residence conducted by U.S. and Mexican law enforcement while Mexican property owner was in custody of U.S. law enforcement); In re Terrorist Bombings of U.S. Embassies in E. Afr. (Fifth Amendment Challenges), 552 F.3d 93, 103–05, 108, 115 (2d Cir. 2008) (concerning application of Fifth Amendment to interrogation by U.S. law enforcement of foreign nationals held by Kenyan law enforcement).
In earlier centuries, this general approach to determining the domain of rights was described as a reciprocal relationship between allegiance and protection. Those who owed and gave allegiance—all citizens and any noncitizens who were peacefully resident or traveling within the United States—were generally within the protection of the domestic laws, courts, and government of the United States.
32 See Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1853–55 (discussing legal rights of and availability of judicial review to individuals present in and pledging their allegiance to United States).
In contrast, persons who owed no allegiance received no protection.
33 See Hamburger, supra note 6, passim; Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 176–211; Kent, Global Constitution, supra note 6, at 503–05.
Wartime also exposed a domestic–international law divide in protection. Both U.S. citizens and aliens on the home front remained protected by constitutional and other domestic law rights during war,
34 See Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2, 118–31 (1866) (holding unconstitutional military trial of noncombatant in Union state not under martial law); Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1163–65 (summarizing relevant legal authorities).
but all persons resident in an enemy nation, enrolled in an enemy’s armed forces (enemy fighters), or present at the site of actual combat were out of the protection of the Constitution.
35 See Milligan, 71 U.S. at 118, 123, 131 (suggesting persons in those contexts lacked protection from constitutional rules announced by Court); Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, passim (documenting nearly universal belief and practice persons in those categories lack protection from Constitution and laws); Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 176–211 (same).
Wartime used to be understood as an exceptional state during which all ordinary civil intercourse between persons of warring nations was, in theory if not in practice, interdicted.
36 See, e.g., Matthews v. McStea, 91 U.S. 7, 9–10 (1875) (“It must also be conceded, as a general rule, to be one of the immediate consequences of a declaration of war and the effect of a state of war, even when not declared, that all commercial intercourse and dealing between . . . the contending powers is unlawful, and is interdicted.”).
Since the first decade under the Constitution, Congress has empowered the President to detain or expel enemy aliens during declared wars or invasions of the United States.
37 See Alien Enemies Act, ch. 66, 1 Stat. 577 (1798) (codified at 50 U.S.C. § 21 (2012)) (giving President such power with respect to “all natives, citizens, or subjects of the hostile nations or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward”).
In previous nation-to-nation wars, large numbers of civilian enemy aliens were excluded from the United States, detained in the United States, or repatriated.
38 See, e.g., Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 208–09 (noting during First World War, United States interned several thousand enemy civilians); J. Gregory Sidak, War, Liberty, and Enemy Aliens, 67 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1402, 1418 (1992) (enumerating enemy aliens interned and repatriated during and immediately after World War II).
Under both the common law and the law of nations, all commercial intercourse, including contracts, between civilian residents of warring nations was illegal during wartime.
39 See Hanger v. Abbott, 73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 532, 535 (1867) (“[A]s soon as war is commenced all trading, negotiation, communication and intercourse between the citizens of one of the belligerents with those of the other, without the permission of the government, is unlawful.”).
And ancient rules allowed the military and, in some circumstances, even private citizens to seize the private property of enemy aliens during war.
Thus, according to Chancellor James Kent:
[W]hen the sovereign of a state declares war against another sovereign, it implies that the whole nation declares war, and that all the subjects of the one are enemies to all the subjects of the other . . . . When hostilities have commenced, the first objects that naturally present themselves for detention and capture are the persons and property of the enemy, found within the territory at the breaking out of the war. According to strict authority, a state has a right to deal as an enemy with persons and property so found within its power, and to confiscate the property, and detain the persons as prisoners of war.
40 James Kent, Commentaries on American Law 56 (1826).
The Supreme Court colorfully summarized these traditional understandings:
In the state of war, nation is known to nation only by their armed exterior; each threatening the other with conquest or annihilation. The individuals who compose the belligerent states, exist, as to each other, in a state of utter occlusion. If they meet, it is only in combat.
41 The Rapid, 12 U.S. (8 Cranch) 155, 160–61 (1814). See generally Richard R. Baxter, So-Called ‘Unprivileged Belligerency’: Spies, Guerrillas, and Saboteurs, 28 Brit. Y.B. Int’l L. 323, 325 (1951) (“The courts of the United States have been particularly prone to start from the premiss that all inhabitants of the enemy state and all persons adhering to it are enemies, notably in connexion with property rights, treasonable conduct, and commercial intercourse with the enemy at common law.”).
Wartime was thus an exceptional state of greatly diminished or even nonexistent legal rights for residents and citizens of the enemy nation.
Prior to the twentieth century, the common law and international law were as or more frequently invoked than the U.S. Constitution to provide protections against the U.S. government.
42 David Sloss, Polymorphous Public Law Litigation: The Forgotten History of Nineteenth Century Public Law Litigation, 71 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1757, 1760 (2014) (documenting “forgotten history of nineteenth century public law litigation” and noting “federal courts routinely applied a mix of international law, statutes, and common law to protect fundamental rights and restrain government action” rather than Constitution as done today); see also Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1163–67 (noting same effect).
Therefore, questions of domain and how it has changed over time cannot only examine entitlement to constitutional protection. Because common law and international law often functioned as effective substitutes for constitutional protection,
43 See Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1163–67 (recounting historical use of common law tort suits instead of federal law or Constitution by U.S. citizens against government officials).
it should not be surprising that the availability of those protections also depended on war, geography, and citizenship. Access to protection under common law or international law was controlled both procedurally and substantively—by both procedural and standing doctrines about who could access the courts to seek legal protection and substantive doctrines about the scope of rights.
44 See id.
Civilian enemy aliens (nationals of a country at war with the United States) domiciled abroad did not have the right to access U.S. courts during wartime.
45 Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 188–93, 196–98, 207–09, 212.
Enemy fighters, no matter their nationality, domicile, or actual location, could not access U.S. courts during wartime.
46 Id. at 193–96, 198–99, 204, 206, 209.
Even U.S. citizens domiciled in an enemy nation during wartime lacked the right to access U.S. courts.
47 See Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1905–07.
Moreover, it was generally held that “[l]east of all[] will the common law undertake to re-judge acts done flagrante bello in the face of the enemy.”
48 Tyler v. Pomeroy, 90 Mass. (8 Allen) 480, 484–85 (Mass. 1864). And complying with the laws of war was a complete defense to a common law tort suit. See, e.g., Terrill v. Rankin, 65 Ky. (2 Bush) 453, 457 (Ky. Ct. App. 1867) (“Unless the order was authorized by the laws of war, it conferred on the appellee no legal authority and, consequently, his act was illegal.”).
International law was also a realm of categorical distinctions and legal black holes where no protection was available. Until the mid-twentieth century, international law provided very little and often no protection to a country’s own nationals, concerned as it was with state-to-state relations and treatment of foreign nationals.
49 See Curtis A. Bradley & Jack L. Goldsmith, Customary International Law As Federal Common Law: A Critique of the Modern Position, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 815, 818 (1997) (“Historically, CIL [customary international law] primarily governed relations among nations, such as the treatment of diplomats and the rules of war. Today, however, CIL also regulates the relationship between a nation and its own citizens, particularly in the area of human rights.”).
In earlier eras, even within the domains where international law applied, there were categorical exclusions from protection. It was generally thought that international law bound only “civilized” nations in the mutual relations
50 See, e.g., Henry Wheaton, Elements of International Law 17–18 (Richard Henry Dana ed., 8th ed. 1866) (“Is there a uniform law of nations? There certainly is not the same one for all the nations and states of the world. The public law, with slight exceptions, has always been, and still is, limited to the civilized and Christian people of Europe or those of European origin.”).
and that it did not apply, or at least did not have to be followed, when the civilized interacted with those considered savage or uncivilized.
51 See S. James Anaya, Indigenous Peoples in International Law 26–27 (2d ed. 2004) (discussing view that international law only applied to European-recognized, “civilized” states).
During warfare against an uncivilized opponent, theorists of the law of nations and laws of war taught that law either did not apply or that it applied and allowed or even encouraged extreme violence, like summary execution of captured enemies or wholesale extermination of combatants and civilians.
52 See, e.g., 3 Emmerich de Vattel, The Law of Nations or the Principles of Natural Law § 34, at 246 (Charles G. Fenwick trans., Carnegie Inst. of Wash. 1916) (1758) (noting “nations are justified in uniting together . . . with the object of punishing, and even of exterminating savage peoples” like “those barbarians . . . who make war from inclination and not from love of country”); see also Antony Anghie, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law 27 (2005) (describing Vitoria’s views on lawfulness of violence against unbelievers or Indians who bear arms against Christians); Elbridge Colby, How to Fight Savage Tribes, 21 Am. J. Int’l L. 279, 279–80 (1927) (documenting widespread view that customary laws of war did not apply or applied much more loosely in conflicts with “savage” or “uncivilized” enemies).
It was commonly said that barbarians or other “savage” opponents could be treated like wild animals—that is, simply slaughtered.
53 See, e.g., Stephen C. Neff, War and the Law of Nations 30 (2005) (discussing Aristotle’s view that conflicts against “barbarians” were comparable to fights against wild beasts); Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace 161–62 (1999) (discussing Samuel Pufendorf’s view that peoples like marauding Mongols and Turks could be hunted down like “Beasts of Prey”).
According to Thomas Hutchinson, a historian who was also lieutenant governor and later governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, military enemies who “have no regard to the law of nations . . . therefore deserve no human respect.”
54 2 Thomas Hutchinson, The History of the Province of Massachusetts-Bay 83 (2d ed., London, J. Smith 1768).
Western nations, including the United States, tended to act with extraordinary severity against foes deemed uncivilized or savage.
55 See generally Robert M. Utley, Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891 (Bison Books 1984) (1973) (detailing various atrocities committed by United States in American Indian Wars); Russell F. Weigley, The American Way of War 153–63 (1973) (same).
The same general categorical rules and exemptions from legal obligation pertained to persons or groups that committed acts of violence and plunder unlawfully, such as banditti, marauders, pirates, and guerillas.
56 2 William Winthrop, Military Law 11 (Washington, D.C., W.H. Morrison, Law Bookseller and Publisher 1886) (noting guerillas are “regarded as criminals and outlaws, not within the protection of the rights of war, or entitled . . . to be treated as prisoners of war, but liable to be shot, imprisoned, or banished, either summarily where their guilt is clear or upon trial and conviction by military commission”).
Even the theorist Emmerich de Vattel, an exponent of more civilized and peaceful norms of international conduct than generally prevailed in his day, taught that “[a] Nation that is attacked by enemies of this sort is not under any obligation to observe towards them the rules belonging to formal war.”
57 de Vattel, supra note 52, § 68, at 258.
In sum, under traditional domain rules, noncitizens located outside the United States, military enemies (wherever located), and all persons at a site of active combat were outside the protection of the Constitution. The right to access U.S. courts to claim protection from the Constitution or other laws was denied to military enemies and to nonresident enemy aliens. The domain of protection from domestic laws and courts was therefore based on formal, categorical distinctions between domestic and foreign territory, war and peace, citizen and noncitizen, resident and nonresident, enemy fighter and enemy nonfighter, and zone of battle and elsewhere. Protections of international law also depended on categorical distinctions between citizen versus noncitizen and civilized versus uncivilized.
II. Institutional Design and Operating Rules for the National Security State
In their design and rules of the road, the national security institutions of the United States have observed and instantiated the categorical distinctions between foreign and domestic, enemy and friend, war and peace, and citizen (or noncitizen permanent resident) and noncitizen, and the like. These structures and internal operating rules therefore provide either legal or practical protection to persons who might be affected by national security or foreign affairs activities of the United States. Neither the statutory or regulatory operating rules for national security institutions that protect individual rights nor the institutional designs that provide structural protections to certain persons, places, and contexts were universally protective, however. Largely paralleling the situation with rules for individual rights protection discussed in Part I, the institutional structures and operating rules demarcated some persons, places, and contexts that were not protected. Often these subconstitutional operating rules and institutional design decisions have greater practical importance for protecting individual liberty and property interests than do primary rules regarding individual rights and court access found in constitutional law, international law, or the common law, and it is thus important to sketch their outlines in order to understand the historical baseline against which modern changes can be discerned. In describing these institutional design features and operating rules, it is helpful to distinguish between the post–World War II period, when the modern national security state developed, and earlier eras of U.S. history.
A. Premodern Period
For much of American history, a zone of liberty within the United States was preserved primarily by institutional design, intentional neglect and weakness, and ideological aversion to a strong domestic military, intelligence, or law enforcement presence. The common law also played an important role in limiting the role of the military or militarized law enforcement within the United States.
The national government that would wield the military force of the nation was designed by the Founding generation to be small and concerned primarily with external objects, in order to protect the liberties of the American people.
58 See, e.g., The Federalist No. 23, supra, at 142–43 (Alexander Hamilton) (“The principal purposes to be answered by Union are these—the common defence of the members; the preservation of the public peace as well against internal convulsions as external attacks; the regulation of commerce with other nations and between the States; the superintendence of our intercourse . . . with foreign countries.”); The Federalist No. 45, at 306 (James Madison) (Harvard Univ. Press ed. 2009) (“The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government . . . will be exercised principally on external objects, as war, peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce.”).
Thus, the level of government with more constant and encompassing control over the daily lives of Americans—the state governments and their subordinate, local bodies—would not be clothed with the awesome military and foreign affairs powers.
59 See U.S. Const. art. I, § 10, cl. 3 (“No state shall, without the consent of Congress, . . . keep troops . . . in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.”).
The Constitution places the military firmly under civilian control by the U.S. government,
60 See id. art. I, § 8, cls. 11–16, 18 (establishing military powers of Congress); id. art. II, § 2, cl. 1 (“The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States.”).
ensuring that its strength, while needed against external foes, will not be turned inward to threaten domestic liberties. The Constitution also specifies that federally controlled military force may be used internally only to the extent necessary to “execute the Laws of the Union,” “suppress Insurrections,”
61 Id. art. I, § 8, cl. 15.
or at the request of the state government affected, protect states “against domestic Violence.”
62 Id. art. IV, § 4.
The U.S. Army was generally tiny prior to the Civil War, and was garrisoned mostly on the frontiers, far away from the population centers.
63 See Andrew J. Birtle, U.S. Army Counterinsurgency and Contingency Operations Doctrine, 1860–1941, at 7 (1998) (describing pre-Civil War U.S. Army as “child of the frontier” and noting “antebellum Army spent the bulk of its time policing the nation’s ever-changing western boundary”).
The permanent defense establishment consisted primarily of coastal fortifications and a small Navy.
64 See Weigley, supra note 55, at 42–43 (describing U.S. defense strategy as based on fortresses to protect “vital parts of the American coast” and free-ranging Navy to ward off invading expeditions and protect waterborne commerce).
During the Civil War, the Army expanded hugely in size and massively increased its domestic powers over the civilian population,
65 See, e.g., Mark E. Neely, Jr., The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties, at xii (1991) (noting Lincoln “suspended the writ of habeas corpus early in the [Civil War] and thereafter managed the home front, in part, by means of military arrests of civilians—thousands and thousands of them”).
but upon the surrender of Confederate forces, the extraordinary domestic powers were curtailed and the Army’s size greatly reduced.
66 The U.S. military continued to operate for some time in the former Confederate States, but the numbers involved were small. “During the 1870s the average size of the entire army was only 29,000, and only about 7,500 soldiers per year served in the South.” Joseph E. Dawson III, Army Generals and Reconstruction: Louisiana, 1862–1877, at 4 (1982).
Within a few years, it was again a small frontier garrison force and remained that way until the 1898 war against Spain.
67 See Graham A. Cosmas, An Army for Empire: The United States Army in the Spanish-American War 1–14 (1994) (“[T]he Army in 1897 . . . had no permanent troop formations larger than regiments . . . and neither detailed war plans nor a staff for making them existed.”).
In 1890, the United States was the richest country in the world but had only the fourteenth-largest army—an army smaller than Bulgaria’s.
68 Fareed Zakaria, From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role 47 (1998).
At the end of Reconstruction, legislators from the former Confederate States of America helped enact the Posse Comitatus Act, which required a specific act of Congress before the military could be used for domestic law enforcement purposes.
69 See Army Appropriations Act, ch. 263, § 15, 20 Stat. 145, 152 (1878) (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 1385 (2012)) (“[I]t shall not be lawful to employ any part of the Army of the United States . . . for the purpose of executing the laws, except in such cases and under such circumstances as . . . may be expressly authorized by the Constitution or by act of Congress. . . .”).
There was essentially no federal law enforcement apparatus until the Civil War, and it was tiny and ill-funded for decades afterward.
70 There were, for example, some postal inspectors, revenue agents, U.S. marshals, and Secret Service agents assigned to investigate counterfeiting and the like, but their numbers were small and their jurisdiction limited. See generally David R. Johnson, American Law Enforcement: A History 73–86, 167 (1981).
Although institutionalized military intelligence efforts began in the latter part of the nineteenth century, the efforts were wholly devoted to war planning and military analysis of potential external adversaries.
71 See David R. Rudgers, Creating the Secret State: The Origins of the Central Intelligence Agency 5–6 (2000) (tracing evolution of American intelligence-gathering agencies).
Before World War II, there was no foreign-intelligence and espionage agency.
Within the United States, the FBI—a relatively small law enforcement agency—was responsible for counterintelligence.
73 See generally Tim Weiner, Enemies: A History of the FBI (2012) (discussing FBI’s evolution over time).
Unlike many other countries, the United States has never had a stand-alone domestic intelligence agency.
74 See Peter Chalk et al., Considering the Creation of a Domestic Intelligence Agency in the United States: Lessons from the Experiences of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom 8 (Brian A. Jackson, ed. 2009) (noting debate over “whether the United States needs a dedicated domestic intelligence agency”). In contrast, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom all have stand-alone domestic intelligence agencies. Id. at 9.
Housing domestic intelligence work within a law enforcement organization has been a conscious choice, designed to ensure that domestic rule-of-law norms govern intelligence work at home.
The judicially enforced common law helped protect the domestic zone of liberty in earlier eras. Habeas corpus and tort damages suits were available to ensure the military did not encroach on civilian life.
75 See Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1163–65 (detailing viable causes of action during Civil War period).
Until the Civil War, there was no standing authority for statutory indemnification of sued federal officers,
76 See generally James G. Randall, The Indemnity Act of 1863: A Study in the War-Time Immunity of Governmental Officers, 20 Mich. L. Rev. 589, 589 (1922) (discussing Civil War immunity statutes).
meaning that the prospect of a damages judgment could have significant deterrent effect on behavior. Prior to the Civil War, the common law and constitutional law of treason generally assumed that U.S. citizens could be traitors, prosecutable in civilian court and liable to be opposed by military force if they arrayed themselves militarily and in large numbers; they could not, however, be treated as full military enemies who were entirely outside the protection of the laws and courts.
77 See Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1860–61 (discussing treason and rebellion during Civil War period).
Under the common law, deadly force could, of course, be used domestically, but only in order to prevent serious crime during its commission, apprehend fleeing felons, or put down rebellions and insurrections. When invasion or rebellion required the domestic use of military power, old common law rules—which the Supreme Court in 1866 held were incorporated into the Constitution’s individual rights protections—required that martial law could only prevail where the courts and other institutions of civil justice could not in fact function.
78 Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2, 121–22 (1866); see also Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1927–29 (noting Milligan Court was signaling “it disapproved of military Reconstruction and the continued displacement of civil by military courts”).
B. Post–World War II Period
The modern national security state created during and after World War II would be orders of magnitude larger and more powerful than what had existed previously, and hence more threatening to individual liberty at home. But its designers made a number of decisions that helped protect the zone of liberty within the United States and ensured military and other coercive force would be turned principally against the outside world. Especially since the reforms of the 1970s and 1980s, the national security state has reflected and instantiated the categorical distinctions demarcating zones, people, places, and contexts where protection was available and where it was not.
From the outset, the modern national security state was founded on a foreign–domestic divide, with the United States homeland and its people, institutions, and politics being shielded—for the most part—from the pointed end of the spear. For instance, the CIA’s organic act, dating from 1947, prohibits it from exercising “police, subpoena, law enforcement powers, or internal-security functions,”
79 National Security Act of 1947, Pub. L. No. 80-523, § 102, 61 Stat. 495, 498 (codified as amended at 50 U.S.C. § 3036(d)(1) (2012)).
in part because Congress did not want to create an American Gestapo.
80 See Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA 5–6 (2007) (describing early fears surrounding creation of intelligence agency).
The classified presidential directive that established the National Security Agency in 1952 stated that its primary purpose would be to “provide an effective, unified organization and control of the communications intelligence activities of the United States conducted against foreign governments.”
81 Christopher J. Seline, Eavesdropping on the Compromising Emanations of Electronic Equipment: The Laws of England and the United States, 23 Case W. Res. J. Int’l L. 359, 390 (1991) (presenting reprint of document).
National security policy also placed great reliance on policing a citizen–noncitizen and domestic–foreign divide with measures relating to exclusion or deportation of foreign nationals who posed national security threats,
82 See, e.g., Internal Security Act of 1950, Pub. L. No. 81-831, §§ 22–23, 64 Stat. 987, 1006–12 (outlining circumstances under which aliens might be excluded or deported).
ideological bars to naturalization,
83 See, e.g., id. § 25, 64 Stat. at 1013–15 (amending Nationality Act of 1940).
denials of passports to U.S. persons who were members of communist organizations,
84 See, e.g., id. § 6, 64 Stat. at 993 (authorizing passport denials).
and denationalization of persons who committed certain actions deemed sufficiently disloyal, such as taking an oath of allegiance to or serving in the armed forces or other government service of a foreign nation, or committing the crime of treason.
85 See Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, Pub. L. No. 82-414, § 349, 66 Stat. 163, 267–68 (reenacting as amended provisions of Nationality Act of 1940). The Supreme Court substantially limited the government’s ability to denationalize in Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253, 257 (1967) (holding Congress lacks power to involuntarily divest person of U.S. citizenship).
But the full development of structural and rule-based protections for the people and territory of the United States did not develop until the 1970s and 1980s. After Watergate, the death of J. Edgar Hoover, and the revelation of embarrassing CIA covert operations abroad, a series of investigations by Congress and the press revealed that the CIA, the FBI, and military intelligence components had engaged in surveillance and subversion of many domestic groups and persons. These agencies monitored everything from Communists and other left wing individuals and political organizations to civil rights leaders, hippies, anti-Vietnam War activists, student groups, and many others that posed no real threat of any kind to the security of the United States and were plainly inappropriate targets of the national security state.
86 See, e.g., 2 Select Comm. to Study Gov’t Operations, Final Report of the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities: Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, S. Rep. No. 94-755, at 5–9 (2d Sess. 1976) (Church Committee Report) (summarizing results of intelligence study).
Reforms by Congress and the executive branch followed these revelations, creating the modern national security architecture that endured through the first decade of the twenty-first century, when it started to change again in response to the pressures of the war against al Qaeda, globalization, and other forces.
The modern national security state reinforced a foreign–domestic divide, designed to protect the United States homeland and its people, institutions, and politics from the most coercive types of military and intelligence activities. Specific protections for the American people are rarely reserved for citizens only. Instead, most statutory and regulatory protections are for “United States person[s],” a term of art that includes citizens and lawful permanent residents.
87 See, e.g., 50 U.S.C. § 1801(i) (2012) (defining “United States person” as “citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence . . . , an unincorporated association a substantial number of members of which are citizens of the United States or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or a corporation . . . incorporated in the United States . . . .”); Exec. Order No. 12333 § 3.5(k), reprinted as amended in Exec. Order No. 13,470, 73 Fed. Reg. 45,325 [hereinafter EO 12333] (defining “United States Person” to include citizens, aliens “known by the intelligence element concerned to be a permanent resident alien,” and the two types of corporations as described above).
The overall structure of government, by limiting coercive activities that may occur within the United States, protects the liberty of everyone in the United States, including aliens who are not lawful permanent residents. For example, the military is hemmed in by strict legal rules that greatly reduce its authority to operate domestically and hence help preserve liberty at home. Building on rules enacted in earlier eras, Congress requires that military force only be used within the United States when ordinary criminal processes are insufficient,
88 10 U.S.C. §§ 332–333 (2012) (authorizing military force when “President considers [it] . . . impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States . . . by . . . judicial proceedings” or “suppress . . . any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy, if it . . . hinders the execution of the laws of that State, and of the United States within the state”). Similar laws had been on the books since the first decade of the country’s existence. See Act of May 2, 1792, ch. 28, 1 Stat. 264 (authorizing President to use military force in face of “imminent danger of invasion” or “insurrection in any state”); Act of Feb. 28, 1795, ch. 36, 1 Stat. 424 (same).
and that Congress must specifically authorize it before any U.S. citizen may be detained
89 18 U.S.C. § 4001(a) (2012) (added by Non-Detention Act, Pub. L. No. 92-128, 85 Stat. 347, 347–48 (1971)).
or the U.S. military may directly participate “in a search, seizure, arrest, or other similar activity” by law enforcement.
90 10 U.S.C. § 375. This act is quite similar in intent and effect to the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, now codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1385. See supra note 69 and accompanying text (discussing Posse Comitatus Act).
As noted, the CIA’s organic act prohibits it from exercising “police, subpoena, law enforcement powers or internal security functions.”
91 50 U.S.C. § 3036(d)(1).
Law enforcement organizations, the DOJ and FBI, have primary responsibility for human-source foreign-intelligence collection within the United States, while the CIA has the responsibility for human-source collection abroad.
92 EO 12333, supra note 87, § 1.3(b)(20)(A)–(B); see also 50 U.S.C. § 3036(d)(3) (“The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency shall . . . provide overall direction for and coordination of the collection of national intelligence outside the United States through human sources by elements of the intelligence community authorized to undertake such collection . . . .”). No intelligence community entity except the FBI is allowed to engage within the United States in “foreign intelligence collection . . . for the purpose of acquiring information concerning the domestic activities of United States persons.” EO 12333, supra note 87, § 2.3(b).
This choice was made because law enforcement organizations are structured and trained to follow legal commands that protect civil liberties, while foreign-intelligence organizations must habitually break the laws of countries where they operate. To take one basic example, law enforcement organizations seize and detain individuals within a web of constitutional and statutory commands that impose ex ante requirements before a detention can begin and require quick approval by an independent judicial officer in order to continue a detention.
93 See, e.g., Cnty of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 44, 56 (1991) (holding Constitution requires person arrested without judicially approved warrant must be brought before magistrate promptly, which generally means within forty-eight hours).
Executive Order 12333, a 1981 reform directive which today, as amended, still structures the intelligence community, requires that “[e]lements of the Intelligence Community shall use the least intrusive collection techniques feasible within the United States or directed against United States persons abroad.”
94 EO 12333, supra note 87, § 2.4.
Covert actions, often the most coercive form of national security action besides kinetic military force, are generally barred domestically, and both statute and Executive Order 12333 provide that “[n]o covert action may be conducted which is intended to influence United States political processes, public opinion, policies, or media.”
95 Id. § 2.13; see also 50 U.S.C. § 3093(e) (“As used in this subchapter, the term ‘covert action’ means an activity or activities of the United States Government to influence political, economic, or military conditions abroad, where it is intended that the role of the United States Government will not be apparent or acknowledged publicly . . . .”); id. § 3093(f) (“No covert action may be conducted which is intended to influence United States political processes, public opinion, policies, or media.”).
The intelligence community is greatly restricted in its ability to secretly monitor or participate in domestic political groups.
96 See EO 12333, supra note 87, § 2.9 (barring undisclosed participation by intelligence community in domestic organizations except in certain circumstances). These restrictions can be eased according to procedures approved by the Attorney General and in cases where it is found “essential,” and barring attempts to influence domestic organizations unless “undertaken on behalf of the FBI in the course of a lawful investigation” or the domestic organization is largely composed of foreign nationals and “reasonably believed to be acting on behalf of a foreign power.” Id.
Entities other than the FBI are strictly limited in terms of the surveillance and searches they can perform within the United States, and somewhat limited regarding activities against U.S. persons abroad.
97 See id. § 2.4 (limiting “Intelligence Community” to “least intrusive collection techniques feasible” and enumerating restrictions to electronic surveillance and physical searches “in the United States”).
And the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), enacted in 1978,
98 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, Pub. L. No. 95-511, 92 Stat. 1783 (codified as amended at 50 U.S.C. §§ 1801–1811 (2012)).
limits the surveillance and physical searches the FBI can conduct domestically for foreign-intelligence purposes and puts these functions under the oversight of Article III judges.
99 50 U.S.C. §§ 1803–1806, 1812, 1823–1825.
FISA is complex, but in its basic structure it requires both high-ranking executive and judicial approval for surveillance in the United States or against U.S. persons abroad,
100 See id. §§ 1801–1805 (defining “[e]lectronic surveillance,”— communications surveillance regulated by FISA).
and sets up a number of substantive protections to make sure that everyone’s domestic communications and worldwide communications of U.S. persons are only targeted to the extent they are themselves agents of foreign powers or are communicating with such agents.
101 See id. §§ 1801(a)–(b), 1802(a), 1805(a) (defining “[f]oreign power” and “[a]gent of foreign power” who can be targeted).
Strict rules for the intelligence community governing the collection, retention, and dissemination of foreign-intelligence information generally only cover U.S. persons,
102 See id. §§ 1801 (h)(1), 1806(a) (delineating “[m]inimization procedures”); EO 12333, supra note 87, § 2.3 (restricting collection of information “concerning United States persons”).
and the general Privacy Act also only protects U.S. persons.
103 See 5 U.S.C. § 552a(b) (2013) (limiting disclosure of “any record which is contained in a system of records by any means of communication to any person, or to another agency, except pursuant to a written request by, or with the prior written consent of, the individual to whom the record pertains”); see also id. § 552a(a)(2) (“[T]he term ‘individual’ means a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence . . . .”); id. § 552a(a)(4) (“[T]he term ‘record’ means any item, collection, or grouping of information about an individual that is maintained by an agency . . . .”).
FISA loosens restrictions of foreign-intelligence surveillance and searches in the United States during periods of declared war.
104 See 50 U.S.C. § 1811 (lifting surveillance restrictions “following a declaration of war”); id. § 1829 (noting same for physical-search restrictions).
Thus, although there were deeply unfortunate incidents during the early- to mid-Cold War period in which military and foreign-intelligence organizations were deployed against U.S. citizens domestically, the architecture and operating rules of the modern national security state, especially those that emerged in the 1970s and after as part of the reform movement, respect and further the categorical divides between home and abroad, U.S. persons and foreign nationals, and war and peace.
III. Convergence of Domains, Disappearance of Legal Black Holes
Many aspects of the traditional protection framework described above were essentially unchallenged until the mid-twentieth century. The pace and extent of change has accelerated in the twenty-first century. A great convergence is underway. The distinctions between domestic and foreign, enemy and friend, peace and war, and citizen and noncitizen are breaking down, both in the real world, and in the constitutional and international law determining the domain of rights and the right to access the courts. The protections of the Constitution and the right to access the courts are expanding beyond the territorial borders of the United States to noncitizens abroad. Judicially enforceable constitutional protections are coming to cover military enemies. The battlefield is being constitutionalized to some extent. The institutional design and operating rules of the national security state are relaxing their traditional distinctions between foreign and domestic, enemy and friend, and U.S. person and non-U.S. person.
This Part offers evidence of convergence of domains and closing of legal black holes in a numbers of areas. First, the importance of citizenship and territorial location to determining rights is decreasing. Second, distinctions between wartime and peacetime are blurring. Third, the operating rules and institutional structures of the national security state are changing to reflect this convergence and softening of categorical distinctions. Fourth, the U.S. law governing foreign relations and national security is losing its distinctiveness, as it assimilates more and more norms from the domestic, peacetime legal regime. And finally, international law is changing in various important respects, most notably its broadening to protect a country’s own citizens in domestic matters, rather than just foreigners in foreign relations contexts.
A. Citizenship and Territorial Location
The importance of an individual’s citizenship and territorial location to obtaining protection from the laws and courts has declined, and it is possible to imagine a future where they are largely irrelevant. But not all commentators see this kind of convergence. For example, since 9/11, it has been asserted that the U.S. government has targeted and oppressed noncitizens as never before.
105 See, e.g., David Cole, Enemy Aliens 1–14 (2003) [hereinafter Cole, Enemy Aliens] (discussing treatment of noncitizens since 9/11).
There is certainly some truth to that. Trial by military commission, detention at Guantanamo Bay, extraordinary rendition to foreign countries, and imprisonment in CIA black sites overseas, where some of the worst interrogation abuses occurred, were all reserved for noncitizens.
106 See, e.g., 10 U.S.C. § 948b(a) (2012) (limiting military commission trials for “unprivileged enemy belligerents” to noncitizens); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, 510 (2004) (plurality opinion) (noting Yaser Hamdi was transferred from custody at Guantanamo Bay to United States after U.S. officials learned he was U.S. citizen); Military Order of Nov. 13, 2001, Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism, 66 Fed. Reg. 57,833 §§ 2–4 (Nov. 16, 2001) (limiting military detention and trial to noncitizens); David D. Cole, Against Citizenship as a Predicate for Basic Rights, 75 Fordham L. Rev. 2541, 2544 (2007) (noting post–9/11 immigration sweeps looking for terrorism suspects in United States and detention in Guantanamo Bay were both defended by administration on ground they were limited to noncitizens); Leila Nadya Sadat, Ghost Prisoners and Black Sites: Extraordinary Rendition Under International Law, 37 Case W. Res. J. Int’l L. 309, 318 (2006) (noting Bush Administration did not claim right to use extraordinary rendition to foreign countries against U.S. citizens).
And noncitizen residents of the United States from Arab or Muslim countries were rounded up and temporarily detained in large numbers after 9/11, primarily using immigration laws.
107 Cole, Enemy Aliens, supra note 105, at 5.
But I believe that the more important and more lasting trend in recent years has been toward convergence of the rights of citizens and noncitizens, as well as convergence in rights of people in the United States and abroad.
Even for U.S. citizens, location outside the sovereign territory of the United States often used to result in a lack of protection from the Constitution.
108 See Neely v. Henkel, 180 U.S. 109, 122–23 (1901) (holding U.S. citizen extradited from United States to Cuba for trial in local courts during U.S. military occupation not protected by “rights, privileges, and immunities that are guaranteed by the Constitution to persons charged with the commission in this country of crime against the United States”); In re Ross, 140 U.S. 453, 464 (1891) (holding sailor of U.S.-flagged vessel tried in U.S. consular court in Japan could not “invoke protection of the provisions [of the Constitution] . . . until brought within the actual territorial boundaries of the United States”). But see Kent, Citizenship, supra note 28, at 2121 n.20 (discussing evidence of extraterritorial constitutional rights for U.S. citizens prior to mid-twentieth century).
All that changed with a landmark decision in 1957, Reid v. Covert.
109 354 U.S. 1 (1957).
Since Reid, it has generally been assumed (though Supreme Court decisions have been very few) that U.S. citizens have the same constitutional rights whether they are located in the United States or abroad.
110 See Louis Henkin, Foreign Affairs and the United States Constitution 305–07 (2d ed. 1996) (“Outside the United States, constitutional protections for the individual against governmental action is enjoyed, we may continue to assume, by U.S. citizens . . . .”).
This change was likely motivated, at least in part, by the large increase in the number of U.S. servicemen and their family members living abroad for extended periods of time in the aftermath of World War II. Reid, for example, involved civilian dependents of U.S. servicemen convicted of capital murder in military courts on U.S. military bases overseas.
Reid was explicit that it concerned only citizens, though,
111 See Kent, Global Constitution, supra note 6, at 474–75 (“[T]he Court is discussing the unique relationship between the U.S. government and its ‘citizens.’”).
and so noncitizens remained outside the protection of the Constitution when they were outside the United States. But in 2008 in Boumediene v. Bush, the Court for the first time held that noncitizens detained by the government in another country have rights under our Constitution,
112 Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 770 (2008) (“It is true that before today the Court has never held that noncitizens detained by our Government in territory over which another country maintains de jure sovereignty have any rights under our Constitution.” (emphasis omitted)).
and did so on behalf of detainees of the U.S. military charged with being enemy fighters in the armed conflict against al Qaeda and the Taliban.
113 Regarding enemy fighters, who had traditionally lacked constitutional rights or access to U.S. courts, the Supreme Court had earlier allowed detained enemy fighters who were present in the United States to use habeas corpus. Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 156–57. After 9/11, this right was extended tacitly to enemy fighters held at Guantanamo Bay in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006) (entertaining constitutional separation of powers objections to military commission trial of alleged enemy fighter). Boumediene was the first direct, express holding on this point.
Although some of the language in Boumediene suggests that decision is limited to a single unique location (Guantanamo Bay, leased by the U.S. government from Cuba) and a single procedural clause of the Constitution (the Habeas Suspension Clause), the decision is not actually so limited. As I have explained elsewhere, Boumediene and other recent cases suggest that noncitizens abroad can now make constitutional claims involving at least Due Process and separation of powers claims in addition to habeas.
114 Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 245–48.
And Boumediene’s test for extension of the Constitution abroad is in no way limited to Guantanamo.
115 See id. (“[T]he Court surely intended to leave itself the maximum flexibility as to where the Constitution applies extraterritorially . . . .”).
Eric Posner correctly identified a “cosmopolitan” impulse at the core of Boumediene, a non-instrumental concern for the liberties of noncitizens outside the United States.
116 Eric A. Posner, Boumediene and the Uncertain March of Judicial Cosmopolitanism, 2008 Cato Sup. Ct. Rev. 23, 32–34.
Noncitizens have seen their rights converge somewhat with those of citizens in immigration law as well. For at least a century, the so-called plenary power doctrine has meant significant judicial deference almost amounting to a lack of constitutional restraint on federal immigration statutes and also a view that “aliens lack the right to seek judicial review of the constitutionality of immigration policy.”
117 Adam B. Cox, Citizenship, Standing, and Immigration Law, 92 Calif. L. Rev. 373, 375 (2004).
Because of its connections to foreign affairs and national security, and the fact that noncitizens were the primary subjects of its application, immigration law was conceived as a zone apart where ordinary constitutional restraints did not apply.
118 In one particularly stark formulation, the Court said that “[w]hatever the procedure authorized by Congress is, it is due process as far as an alien denied entry is concerned.” United States ex rel. Knauff v. Shaughnessy, 338 U.S. 537, 544 (1950).
But in the twenty-first century, immigration law is becoming increasingly normalized, with more and more constitutional protections available and enforced by the courts.
119 See Landau, Due Process, supra note 26, at 882 (arguing application of Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976), to immigration has “produced surprisingly rights-affirming outcomes”); Peter J. Spiro, Explaining the End of Plenary Power, 16 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 339, 339 (2002) (positing Supreme Court decisions from 2000 Term show expansion of “quantum of constitutionally mandated rights owed aliens in immigration proceedings”).
As Landau explains, the Supreme Court’s doctrine in immigration law for analyzing claims of individual right used to be based on great deference to the political branches and “categorical, group-based analysis grounded in status, territoriality, and sovereignty that generally resulted in the denial of the claims of foreign nationals.”
120 Landau, Due Process, supra note 26, at 884.
But recently the Court has asserted “a more involved judicial role in assessing both the government’s claimed need for border control and national security and the foreign national’s unique liberty interests and overall circumstances,” with a concomitant greater protection of individual rights.
121 Id. at 885. For example, the Supreme Court recently “narrowly interpreted . . . statutes stripping . . . jurisdiction; imposed limits on the amount of time that foreign nationals can be detained; narrowed the meaning and scope of Chevron [Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984)] deference . . . or ignored Chevron altogether; and rejected or narrowed agency-created procedures that, with Congress’s blessing, limited or foreclosed procedural rights of foreign-nationals.” Id. at 885–86 (citing Kucana v. Holder, 558 U.S. 233, 233, 235 (2010); Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 418 (2009); Negusie v. Holder, 555 U.S. 511, 522–23 (2009); Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 724–25, 728 (2008); Dada v. Mukasey, 554 U.S. 1, 2 (2008); Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466, 466 (2004); Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 679 (2001); INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 309–10 (2001)).
The stark, categorical view of the reach of constitutional protection is starting to break down.
B. Enemy Status in Wartime
The way the law regards both citizen and noncitizen enemies in wartime has changed significantly over the centuries, with older, categorical distinctions fading in importance as judicial review and protection of the law expands to cover more and more people and contexts.
1. Enemy Citizens. — Although the rules were somewhat unsettled and disputed coming out of the Revolutionary War and its debates about how to treat American colonists who adhered to the Crown, it was generally accepted in the Founding and antebellum periods that a citizen could not be deemed outside the law’s protection even when committing a serious breach of allegiance such as supporting military enemies or levying war against the United States.
122 See Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1860 (explaining far reach of protection of law in antebellum period).
The traditional rule was that such an individual was subject to criminal prosecution for treason or crimes but could not be subject to military detention or trial. “A citizen could be a ‘traitor’ but could not be an ‘enemy,’ that is, someone out of the protection of the law.”
123 Id. at 1860–61.
These older understandings broke down during the early part of the Civil War. Congress, the executive, and the Supreme Court agreed that all residents of the Confederate States of America were liable to be treated as de facto enemy aliens who lacked protection of the laws.
124 See id. at 1872–1911.
Many residents of Union states were also so treated in practice, for example, Confederate-aligned guerrillas in loyal border states like Missouri and Kentucky. And although the Supreme Court in Milligan tried after the war ended to reimpose some of the older, categorical protection for U.S. citizenship,
125 Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2, 120–21 (1866) (“The Constitution of the United States is a law for rulers and people, equally in war and in peace, and covers with the shield of its protection all classes of men, at all times, and under all circumstances.”).
the Court nevertheless acknowledged that U.S. citizens who were enemy fighters or residents of the Confederacy could be treated as military enemies lacking protection from the Constitution and laws.
126 See supra note 35 and accompanying text (noting all persons resident in enemy nation, enrolled in enemy’s armed forces (enemy fighters), or present at site of actual combat were out of protection of Constitution); see also Kent, Civil War, supra note 7, at 1842, 1927–29 (discussing differences among prisoners of war, persons residing in enemy territory, and persons residing in loyal U.S. territory).
So it was that during World War II, the Supreme Court reiterated that U.S. citizens “who associate themselves with the military arm of the enemy government” and fight against the United States can be treated as “enemy belligerents” outside the protections of the Constitution and detained or tried by military commission just like noncitizen enemy fighters.
127 Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1, 37–38, 44 (1942).
The infamous internment of U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry during World War II in effect treated certain civilian U.S. citizens, resident in the United States, as de facto enemy aliens. This was broadened beyond Japanese Americans during the early Cold War. In the Emergency Detention Act of 1950 (Title II of the Internal Security Act), Congress authorized the President to detain any person in the United States, including U.S. citizen civilians, during a declared war, invasion, or insurrection in aid of a foreign enemy.
128 Emergency Detention Act of 1950, Pub. L. No. 81-831, §§ 102–103, 64 Stat. 987, 1019–21 (noting “detention of persons who there is reasonable ground to believe” will commit espionage is “essential to the common defense . . . of the United States”).
When a U.S. citizen was detained after 9/11 during the war in Afghanistan and brought to the United States in military custody, Justice Scalia opined in a dissent that “the categorical procedural protection” of the Constitution for U.S. citizens barred his military detention.
129 Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, 575 (2004) (Scalia, J., dissenting).
But he was 150 years too late. The majority of the Court had no trouble concluding that “[t]here is no bar to this Nation’s holding one of its own citizens as an enemy combatant.”
130 Id. at 519 (plurality opinion). Justice Thomas, the fifth vote against the detainee, would have gone even further in rejecting the U.S. citizen’s claims for protection from the courts. See id. at 585 (Thomas, J., dissenting) (“[T]he question whether Hamdi is actually an enemy combatant is of a kind for which the Judiciary has neither aptitude, facilities nor responsibility . . . .” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
Scalia excoriated what he called the “judicious balancing” that replaced the older “categorical” protections.
131 Id. at 575 (Scalia, J., dissenting).
I call it convergence.
2. Court Access. — Rights without a judicial remedy often provide little protection. Hence, the right and ability to access courts is a crucial part of being protected by the laws.
At common law and during the American Founding period, a very strict rule was applied barring all alien enemies—wherever domiciled, and no matter whether civilians or enemy fighters—from access to the courts during wartime. In the first decades of the nineteenth century, the rule softened so that civilian enemy aliens who were peacefully present in the United States could access the courts.
132 Cf. supra note 29 and accompanying text (discussing ability of noncitizens to access the courts at the time).
The categorical bar remained, however, for nonresident alien enemies and enemy fighters, no matter where located.
133 See Kent, Enemy Fighters, supra note 9, at 188–95 (discussing court access for nonresident alien enemies and enemy fighters).
In retrospect, a major moment in convergence occurred during World War II when, in the famous Quirin case, the Supreme Court reversed course and held that the German enemy fighters held for military commission trial in the United States had a constitutional right to access the courts.
134 See id. at 165–69 (discussing Quirin’s holdings).
Since that time, it has been assumed that literally any person present in the United States may access the courts, at least via habeas corpus, to challenge executive detention. But even after Quirin, nonresident enemy fighters continued to be barred from the courts, a lingering remnant of the old categorical rule applicable to all enemy aliens.
135 See Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763, 769–71 (1950) (“It is war that exposes the relative vulnerability of the alien’s status.”).
Boumediene contributed to additional convergence when it held in 2008 that noncitizens held as alleged enemy fighters in territory under the control but not sovereignty of the United States had a constitutional right to access the courts via habeas to challenge their detentions. The constitutional right to access the courts is not yet fully universal—extraterritorially, the right might only apply to habeas corpus, and there might be some places or persons where it does not reach
136 Maqaleh v. Hagel, 738 F.3d 312, 317 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (declining to extend Boumediene to detainees at U.S. military base at Bagram, Afghanistan).
—but it is getting there.
3. The Legal Effects of War on Persons and Property. — Wartime used to be understood as an exceptional state during which all ordinary civil intercourse between persons of warring nations was, in theory if not in practice, interdicted, and the persons and property of enemy aliens, even law-abiding civilians, liable to seizure.
Today, it is very unusual for the United States to go to war with a nation state.
137 Eric Talbot Jensen, Future War, Future Law, 22 Minn. J. Int’l L. 282, 298 (2013) (“The vast majority of the armed conflicts in recent decades have not been between states, but between states and non-state actors or between two groups of non-state actors. Advancing technologies will make this phenomena even more pronounced.”).
Even when the United States fights a nation state, the old apparatus of detention of peaceful enemy alien civilians and private property confiscation is forgotten.
138 See Sidak, supra note 38, at 1405 (noting Alien Enemy Act was not invoked during Korean War, Vietnam War, or Gulf War because those were not formally declared wars).
The stark distinctions between peacetime and wartime are dissolving. There are no “enemy aliens” in the long war against al Qaeda and related terrorist groups, because the United States is not fighting a nation state. Using terminology from a landmark Supreme Court case about how to understand the Civil War, we can say that war used to commonly be “territorial,” with people’s status determined not by their personal conduct but by their citizenship or geography (domicile), while today war is much more “personal,” with guilt and hence authority to use force against a person determined more by individual behavior.
139 See The Prize Cases, 67 U.S. (2 Black) 635, 694–95 (1863) (Nelson, J., dissenting) (discussing transition from territorial war to personal war). See generally Issacharoff & Pildes, Targeted Warfare, supra note 27, at 1522–23 (“Whereas the traditional practices and laws of war defined ‘the enemy’ in terms of categorical, group-based judgments that turned on status . . . we are now moving to a world that . . . requires the individuation of enemy responsibility of specific enemy persons before the use of military force is considered justified . . . .”).
Prior to 9/11, threats from non-state groups like terrorists were largely handled as a matter of law enforcement and intelligence gathering. But it has been clear for about fourteen years that non-state groups’ successful perpetration of mass-casualty attacks and the U.S. government’s military response were blurring the lines between peacetime versus wartime, crime versus warfare, and law enforcement versus military responses.
140 See, e.g., Rosa Ehrenreich Brooks, War Everywhere: Rights, National Security Law, and the Law of Armed Conflict in the Age of Terror, 153 U. Pa. L. Rev. 675, 677 (2004) (“[B]inary distinctions are no longer tenable.”).
It is frequently said that the old notion of a “battlefield” as distinct from areas where armed conflict is not occurring is fading away.
141 See, e.g., Frédéric Mégret, War and the Vanishing Battlefield, 9 Loy. U. Chi. Int’l L. Rev. 131, 141 (2011) (“The deconstruction of the battlefield is, in fact, well under way . . . .”).
In this new era, convergence of domains has been rapidly occurring.
Extended, indefinite military detention became a leading way that the U.S. government responded to the threat from al Qaeda and affiliated groups. Even some suspected terrorists captured in the United States, including a U.S. citizen, were put initially into military detention instead of the Article III system.
142 See al-Marri v. Wright, 487 F.3d 160, 164 (4th Cir. 2007), rev’d sub nom. al-Marri v. Pucciarelli, 534 F.3d 213 (4th Cir. 2008) (en banc) (per curiam), vacated sub nom. al-Marri v. Spagone, 555 U.S. 1220 (2009); Padilla v. Hanft, 423 F.3d 386, 388 (4th Cir. 2005).
Some suspected terrorists caught abroad were held in CIA or military detention and interrogated without Miranda warnings even though they were eventually sent to the United States to answer for ordinary criminal indictments.
143 See, e.g., Butch Bracknell & James Joyner, Ahmed Abu Khattala and the Miranda-Rights Question, Nat’l Int. (July 8, 2014), http://nationalinterest.
org/feature/ahmed-abu-khattala-the-miranda-rights-question-10828 (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (recounting initial un-Mirandized interrogation aboard Navy ship of captured Libyan jihadist and subsequent transfer to U.S. soil to appear before federal judge).
Even when detention stayed within the civilian Article III system, the government’s practices changed significantly, blurring the line between criminal and extraordinary, noncriminal detention.
144 See Chesney & Goldsmith, supra note 25, at 1100–08 (arguing federal prosecutors in post–9/11 terrorism cases increasingly pursue membership-based liability, akin to traditional military detention).
The Supreme Court upheld (albeit not on the merits) the government’s apparent practice of pretextually using the material-witness detention statute against both U.S. citizens and noncitizens in the United States for counterterrorism purposes.
145 See Ashcroft v. al-Kidd, 131 S. Ct. 2074, 2080–83 (2011) (finding no constitutional violation in using material-witness arrest warrant to detain U.S. citizen, at least where there is no dispute individualized suspicion supported issuance of warrant).
On the same day as it decided Boumediene, the Court, in Munaf v. Geren,
146 553 U.S 674 (2008).
heard habeas cases from dual U.S. citizens detained as security threats under the control of the U.S. military in Iraq during the insurgency. The Court implied that the substantive due process clause might provide limits on the treatment of these individuals—who were held by U.S. forces in a zone of active combat.
147 See Kent, Insular Cases, supra note 8, at 107 & n.22 (citing Munaf, 553 U.S. at 702) (noting Court disclaimed any intent to rule out potential due process claim arising from more extreme cases of detention, such as transferring detainee to foreign control if torture is likely).
It is unclear at this point how far Boumediene and Munaf will extend habeas corpus and constitutional rights into war zones. But what is clear is that being a noncitizen or an enemy fighter in a foreign war zone is no longer a categorical bar to constitutional rights and judicial review.
The Anwar al-Awlaki drone strike also highlights these trends of extending rights abroad and to enemy fighters. Al-Awlaki was a U.S. citizen who became a high-ranking leader of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, helping to direct terrorist attacks against U.S. targets from hiding places in ungoverned regions of Yemen.
148 See Charlie Savage & Peter Baker, Obama, in a Shift, to Limit Targets of Drone Strikes, N.Y. Times (May 22, 2013), http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/23/us/us-acknowledges-killing-4-americans-in-drone-strikes.html (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (discussing drone strike against al-Awlaki and U.S. government’s legal rationale for it).
Because he was an enemy fighter in an armed conflict authorized by Congress, and was located outside the United States in a hostile area, older understandings would have treated al-Awlaki as beyond the protection of the Constitution. But in al-Awlaki’s case, the U.S. executive branch now recognized that geography and war no longer served as impermeable barriers against constitutional protections, in particular because he was a U.S. citizen. An Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) opinion and a DOJ white paper prepared for public release opined that al-Awlaki had Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights that the executive had to respect.
149 See DOJ, Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of al-Qa’ida or an Associated Force 5–10, available at http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (last visited Mar. 8, 2015) (considering whether and in what circumstances legal operation against U.S. citizen abroad violated Fourth and Fifth Amendment constitutional protections); DOJ Office of Legal Counsel, Applicability of Federal Criminal Laws and the Constitution to Contemplated Lethal Operations Against Shaykh Anwar al-Aulaki 38–41 (2010), available at https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/
files/assets/2014-06-23_barron-memorandum.pdf (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (same); Charlie Savage, Justice Department Memo Approving Targeted Killing of Anwar Al-Awlaki, N.Y. Times (June 23, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/06/
23/us/23awlaki-memo.html?_r=0 (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (providing electronic version of OLC memo).
The DOJ’s analysis revealed that the executive believes that the Constitution places important limitations on its ability to target U.S. citizens, even when they are enemy fighters in hostile or ungoverned territory. At the same time, the executive has suggested that it will follow with regard to noncitizen targets the same or similar procedural rules that it says the Constitution requires for U.S. citizens.
150 President Obama articulated this point during a speech at the National Defense University in 2013:
Beyond the Afghan theater, we only target al Qaeda and its associated forces. And even then, the use of drones is heavily constrained. America does not take strikes when we have the ability to capture individual terrorists; our preference is always to detain, interrogate, and prosecute . . . . [W]e act against terrorists who pose a continuing and imminent threat to the American people, and when there are no other governments capable of effectively addressing the threat. And before any strike is taken, there must be near-certainty that no civilians will be killed or injured—the highest standard we can set.
President Barack Obama, Remarks by the President at National Defense University (May 23, 2013), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/23/remarks-president-national-defense-university (on file with the Columbia Law Review).
Another example of this rights convergence and softening of categorical boundaries is the change in the rules regarding blocking and seizing the property for national security or foreign affairs purposes. Old rules allowed the U.S. government to detain the property of foreign nations, foreign nationals, and U.S. persons residing in enemy nations during wartime. But in recent years, the U.S. government has applied these rules to U.S. persons within the United States and has successfully argued to several lower federal courts that only the most minimal constitutional protections limit that seizure authority.
151 See Islamic Am. Relief Agency v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 728, 735–36 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (finding no constitutional violation in government decision to block Muslim organization’s assets); Holy Land Found. for Relief & Dev. v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 156, 164–66 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (same). But see Kindhearts for Charitable Humanitarian Dev. v. Geithner, 647 F. Supp. 2d 857, 919 (N.D. Ohio 2009) (holding U.S.-based charity targeted by government blocking order for alleged terrorist ties had significant Fourth Amendment and Due Process rights that had been violated by government).
C. Institutional Arrangements and Operating Rules
As discussed above, there is an important kind of protection in addition to legal protections in the form of rights and judicial review: practical protections derived from the institutional structures or operating rules of national security institutions. Convergence of previously distinct domains is also occurring in that area. Individual rights and interests of groups previously excluded from protection—such as military enemies and noncitizens abroad—are increasingly being protected by structures and operating rules of national security institutions.
This can be seen in the area of intelligence collection. At least since the enactment of FISA, there has been a stark divide: Intelligence collection for national security purposes conducted outside the United States could proceed with little legal limit and essentially no judicial oversight (though U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents received somewhat more protection), whereas within the United States, much stricter limits and judicial oversight applied. But convergence is occurring. As a result of recent legislation, the federal judiciary is now reviewing ex ante the legality of some surveillance requests directed at foreign targets overseas
152 FISA Amendments Act of 2008, 50 U.S.C.A. § 1881a (West 2008).
while at the same time, as the recent revelations by Edward Snowden have shown, approving sweeping collection of telephony and internet metadata of U.S. citizens’ domestic communications.
153 See ACLU v. Clapper, 959 F. Supp. 2d 724, 730 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) (“Edward Snowden’s unauthorized disclosure of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (‘FISC’) orders has provoked a public debate and this litigation. While robust discussions are underway across the nation, in Congress, and at the White House, the question for this Court is whether the Government’s bulk telephony metadata program is lawful.”).
There is pressure for further convergence. The recent Report and Recommendations of the President’s Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies recommended that non-U.S. persons be given significantly greater privacy protections from electronic surveillance than they currently possess under the Constitution and laws of the United States,
154 Liberty and Security in a Changing World: Report and Recommendations of the President’s Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies 29–30 (2013) (Recommendations 13–14), http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/
2013/12/Final-Report-RG.pdf (on file with the Columbia Law Review).
and the President responded affirmatively in the new Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-28) on Signals Intelligence Activities.
155 Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-28—Signals Intelligence Activities, pmbl. (Jan. 17, 2014), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/17/presidential-policy-directive-signals-intelligence-activities (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (stating U.S. signals-intelligence practices must protect “legitimate privacy and civil liberties concerns of U.S. citizens and citizens of other nations”); id. § 4, 4(a) (“All persons . . . have legitimate privacy interests in the handling of their personal information. . . . To the maximum extent feasible consistent with the national security . . . policies and procedures are to be applied equally to the personal information of all persons, regardless of nationality.”).
In a similar vein, even though the Privacy Act protects only U.S. persons with regard to government records, the Department of Homeland Security has administratively extended some protections to noncitizens.
156 See Memorandum from Hugo Teufel III, Chief Privacy Officer, U.S. Dep’t of Homeland Security, Privacy Policy Guidance Memorandum § III, (Jan. 7, 2009), http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_policyguide_2007-1.pdf (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (extending some protections of Privacy Act of 1974 to non-U.S. citizens).
Judicialization and greater rights protection through institutional change have been evident in the electronic surveillance area since at least 1978. Based on hints from the Supreme Court,
157 See United States v. U.S. Dist. Court, E.D. Mich., 407 U.S. 297, 321–22 (1972) (imposing limits on domestic surveillance but identifying surveillance regarding foreign entities as separate matter).
a number of courts of appeals affirmed the constitutionality of warrantless evidence gathering by the executive—either electronic surveillance or physical searches—for foreign-intelligence purposes, even when U.S. citizens were the target or the search occurred in the United States.
158 United States v. Truong Dinh Hung, 629 F.2d 908, 912–16 (4th Cir. 1980); United States v. Butenko, 494 F.2d 593, 604–05 (3d Cir. 1974) (en banc); United States v. Brown, 484 F.2d 418, 425–27 (5th Cir. 1973).
But Congress in 1978 imposed a regime of judicial oversight through the FISA statute.
Military targeting presents another area in which national security institutions are changing in ways that provide greater protection to previously vulnerable groups. Up through the end of the Vietnam War, American commanders did not seek or receive legal advice about battlefield matters such as targeting.
159 Goldsmith, supra note 23, at 125.
In the last several decades, there has been a “comprehensive integration of military lawyers into the targeting process”
160 Peter Margulies, Valor’s Vices: Against a State Duty to Risk Forces in Armed Conflict, 37 Vt. L. Rev. 271, 303 (2012) [hereinafter Margulies, Valor’s Vices].
and all other aspects of war-fighting.
161 See Goldsmith, supra note 23, at 125–35 (surveying growing role of lawyers in reviewing operational plans, giving advice on battlefield, and educating soldiers on legal issues).
One result has been the development of internal rules and processes that give great weight to minimizing anticipated harm to foreign civilians and foreign civilian infrastructure.
162 See id. at 135–46 (summarizing role of lawyers in “elaborate, multi-layered, lawyer-vetted process” aimed at minimizing collateral damage); Margulies, Valor’s Vices, supra note 160, at 303–04 (arguing military lawyers are well-equipped to develop process-based approach to analyzing targeting decisions in light of collateral effects). For an overview of current targeting doctrines and practices, see generally Gregory S. McNeal, New Approaches to Reducing and Mitigating Harm to Civilians, in Shaping a Global Framework For Counterinsurgency Law: New Directions In Asymmetric Warfare 127 (William Banks ed., Oxford University Press 2013).
A similar phenomenon exists in intelligence agencies. Before the mid-1970s, a small number of agency lawyers “were not consulted” during the planning of intelligence collection or covert actions.
163 Goldsmith, supra note 23, at 87.
As a result of the revelations of CIA scandals in the 1970s, everything changed. The Office of General Counsel at the CIA increased in size nearly tenfold from late 1970s to the present.
164 Id; see also John Rizzo, Company Man 48 (2014) (discussing expansion of Office of General Counsel from 1970s to turn of twenty-first century).
Congress imposed restrictions on CIA covert actions that were meant to increase presidential accountability to Congress and therefore decrease excesses like the attempted assassination of foreign leaders.
165 Goldsmith, supra note 23, at 87–95 (outlining accountability mechanisms imposed upon intelligence community by Congress following Iran–Contra scandal).
All of the new lawyers enforced these and other restrictions. Based on interviews with participants, Goldsmith estimates that today over 100 government officials, including at least ten lawyers “and often more” review any proposed covert action.
166 Id. at 89.
All of this law, review, and oversight has the effect of providing practical protections to the foreign nationals who otherwise would have been impacted by covert actions, as either targets or collateral damage.
D. Decline of Foreign Affairs Exceptionalism and Deference
For at least a century,
167 There is significant debate about how exceptional foreign affairs law was—how deferential courts were to the political branches in foreign affairs cases—during the Founding and antebellum periods. Recent scholarship suggests that courts actively entered the fray in cases raising significant foreign affairs questions and did not apply deference doctrines. See, e.g., David Sloss, Judicial Deference to Executive Branch Treaty Interpretations: A Historical Perspective, 62 N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 497, 498–99 (2007) (examining treaty interpretation by Supreme Court in early Republic). Other scholars disagree.
if not more, foreign affairs law has been understood to be different than ordinary constitutional law in both rules about authority of government and rights of individuals. This “foreign affairs exceptionalism”
168 See Curtis A. Bradley, A New American Foreign Affairs Law?, 70 U. Colo. L. Rev. 1089, 1096 (1999) (defining foreign affairs exceptionalism as “view that the federal government’s foreign affairs powers are subject to a different, and generally more relaxed, set of constitutional restraints than those that govern its domestic powers”); see also Louis Henkin, The Constitution for Its Third Century: Foreign Affairs, 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 713, 716 (1989) (suggesting foreign affairs are likely to remain “constitutionally ‘special’” in U.S. law).
has manifested itself in many ways. There has been a generalized posture and rhetoric of deference by the courts.
169 See, e.g., Haig v. Agee, 453 U.S. 280, 292 (1981) (reviewing suit for declaratory and injunctive relief concerning Secretary of State’s administrative revocation of passport and approaching task of statutory construction with view “[m]atters intimately related to foreign policy and national security are rarely proper subjects for judicial intervention”); Harisiades v. Shaughnessy, 342 U.S. 580, 588–89 (1952) (rejecting constitutional challenge to deportation of former members of Communist Party and stating “contemporaneous policies in regard to the conduct of foreign relations [and] the war power . . . [are matters] so exclusively entrusted to the political branches as to be largely immune from judicial inquiry or interference”).
Courts have given great deference to factual and predictive claims by the executive branch.
170 See, e.g., Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 218–19 (1944) (deferring to Congress and military to determine exclusion order was necessary to prevent espionage and sabotage by U.S. residents of Japanese ancestry).
The political question, standing, and related justiciability doctrines were often applied to dismiss suits raising national security and foreign affairs issues.
171 See, e.g., Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, 211–14 (1962) (listing foreign affairs issues found to be nonjusticiable political questions); Rodric B. Schoen, A Strange Silence: Vietnam and the Supreme Court, 33 Washburn L.J. 275, 278–303 (1994) (describing how Supreme Court avoided ruling on merits of suits raising legal questions about U.S. participation in Vietnam War).
Courts often gave deference to the executive branch’s interpretations of treaties.
172 See, e.g., Sumitomo Shoji Am., Inc. v. Avagliano, 457 U.S. 176, 184–85 & n.10 (1982) (noting “meaning attributed to treaty provisions by the Government agencies charged with their negotiation and enforcement is entitled to great weight”).
Courts allowed the executive to decide on a case-by-case basis questions of immunity for foreign officials and, before enactment of FISA, foreign governments too.
173 Samantar v. Yousuf, 130 S. Ct. 2278, 2284–85 (2010) (discussing history of these doctrines and practices).
Courts allowed the executive to unilaterally make domestically binding law in foreign affairs in ways that would be unthinkable under ordinary, domestic constitutional rules.
174 See, e.g., Am. Ins. Ass’n v. Garamendi, 539 U.S. 396, 413–27 (2003) (preempting state law because it interfered with presidential foreign policy initiative).
Courts applied much more expansive preemption doctrines in foreign affairs cases than they did in ordinary domestic cases.
175 See, e.g., Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 63 (1941) (“Our system of government is such that the interest of the cities, counties and states, no less than the interest of the people of the whole nation, imperatively requires that federal power in the field affecting foreign relations be left entirely free from local interference.”).
When cases were heard on the merits raising questions about individual rights in wartime or other national security crises, the courts often upheld the government actions if they found endorsement by both Congress and the President, without fully grappling with the individual rights questions.
176 See Samuel Issacharoff & Richard H. Pildes, Between Civil Libertarianism and Executive Unilateralism: An Institutional Process Approach to Rights During Wartime, 5 Theoretical Inquiries L. 1, 5 (2004) (finding courts are reluctant to inquire into tradeoff between security and liberty when other two branches have acted together).
Many other examples could be given.
Foreign affairs exceptionalism buttressed and even exacerbated the categorical distinctions in individual rights protection that demarcated legal black holes. Justiciability doctrines and formalized or de facto deference to the political branches could provide an additional reason why no judicially enforceable individual rights protections were available to certain persons, places, or contexts, thereby reinforcing the categorical distinctions. And even for persons, places, or contexts that in theory were within the zone of protection, deference or justiciability doctrines could render protections unavailable.
177 See, e.g., Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 220 (1944) (justifying detainment of Japanese American U.S. citizens with idea that military’s “power to protect [against foreign threats] must be commensurate with the threatened danger”).
As Goldsmith, Ingrid Wuerth, Peter Spiro, and others have written, foreign affairs exceptionalism has been in decline since the 1990s, and the changes have seemed to accelerate recently. For instance, the Supreme Court has been gradually backing away from the political question doctrine, making it easier for courts to hear foreign affairs cases on the merits.
178 See Zivotofsky ex rel. Zivotofsky v. Clinton, 132 S. Ct. 1421, 1430 (2012) (rejecting executive’s argument that challenge to its refusal on Article II grounds to comply with congressional statute regarding U.S. passports and status of Jerusalem was nonjusticiable political question).
Courts are giving less deference to the government’s fact-finding and predictive judgments about foreign affairs or security issues.
179 For example, in Boumediene, the Court independently determined that the government had presented “no credible arguments” or evidence to corroborate its claim “that the military mission at Guantanamo would be compromised if habeas corpus courts had jurisdiction to hear the detainees’ claims.” Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 769 (2008).
The Court is reining in executive lawmaking in foreign affairs.
180 See Medellin v. Texas, 552 U.S. 491, 498–99 (2008) (holding President lacked authority to order state courts to reconsider criminal convictions that, according to International Court of Justice decision, violated defendants’ treaty-based rights).
In the post–9/11 era, Goldsmith and others have observed federal judges “discard[ing] their traditional reluctance to review presidential military decisions and thr[owing] themselves into questioning, invalidating, and supervising a variety of these decisions.”
181 Goldsmith, supra note 23, at xi.
The Supreme Court is making it very difficult for Congress to remove federal court jurisdiction over habeas challenges to executive detentions in foreign affairs and national security settings.
182 See Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 724–25, 728 (holding unconstitutional statute providing federal judiciary had no jurisdiction to hear habeas petitions from noncitizens detained at Guantanamo Bay); Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557, 576–84 (2006) (applying exacting clear statement rule to hold Congress had not barred with sufficient clarity federal court jurisdiction over Guantanamo detainee’s habeas corpus petition); INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 309–10 (2001) (applying clear statement rule to narrowly interpret jurisdiction-limiting provisions of immigration statutes and permitting habeas petition by foreign nationals to proceed in habeas corpus).
Many other examples could be given of the decline of foreign affairs exceptionalism or domesticization of foreign affairs.
183 As Goldsmith has pointed out, in some areas of foreign relations law, the Court has become more formalist, rejecting free-form balancing by courts of foreign relations interests in favor of more rule-like approaches. See Jack L. Goldsmith, The New Formalism in United States Foreign Relations Law, 70 U. Colo. L. Rev. 1395, 1424 (1999) (arguing “[s]ince the end of the Cold War, the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have begun to adopt a more formalistic approach” to foreign relations doctrines). One can see this in the act of state doctrine, dormant foreign affairs preemption, the political question doctrine, and doctrines about the extraterritorial reach of U.S. statutes. See id. at 1425–29 (discussing Court’s adoption of rule-like approach in various foreign relations doctrines). Although this formalism reduces judicial subjectivity and freedom, the net effect is often to treat cases that were previously considered foreign affairs more like ordinary cases, and to resolve them under ordinary rules. See id. at 1437 (noting rule-like approach minimizes judicial foreign policy judgments).
These developments support and extend the convergence of individual rights protection by making it more likely that judicial review will be available and, if it is, less likely that the courts will defer to the government’s position.
184 Of course the Court has not wholly abandoned its practice of treating foreign affairs and national security cases as exceptional. See, e.g., Aziz Z. Huq, Structural Constitutionalism as Counterterrorism, 100 Calif. L. Rev. 887, 897–98 (2012) (criticizing Court’s decision in Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 561 U.S. 1 (2010), for deferring too much to government’s factual claims and failing to apply ordinary, domestic First Amendment analysis to challenge to statute banning provision of material support to foreign terrorist organizations).
E. International Law
Convergence of previously distinct domains, closing of legal black holes, and greater protection of rights can be seen in international law as well. The development of international human rights law meant that international law now protected a country’s citizens against their own government. International law became universal, no longer just the law of a club of “civilized” countries. The international laws of war developed greatly, bringing widely accepted, robust legal protections to previously at-risk groups, like civilians in occupied territory, prisoners of war, and the wounded. Other developments in the international laws of war and human rights law meant that it was no longer acceptable to treat guerillas, pirates, and other practitioners of “uncivilized” warfare as outside of all legal protection. While this is a complex subject, it can fairly be said that the traditional, categorical distinctions between the laws of war and the law of human rights are dissolving,
185 See Cordula Droege, Elective Affinities? Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, 90 Int’l Rev. Red Cross 501, 501–05 (2008) (“[T]here is today no question that human rights law comes to complement humanitarian law in situations of armed conflict.”); Hans-Joachim Heintze, On the Relationship Between Human Rights Law Protection and International Humanitarian Law, 86 Int’l Rev. Red Cross 789, 789–91 (2004) (noting human rights laws now apply to both war- and peacetime).
as are the categorical divisions within the laws of war between the law governing international versus non-international armed conflicts.
186 See Jensen, supra note 137, at 290–91 (arguing bifurcation between laws for international conflict and laws for non-international conflicts is “under fire”).
Like U.S. law, international human rights law is also gradually expanding its protections geographically. Important U.S. government actors, and many foreign governments, NGOs, and commentators have been arguing that treaties like the Convention Against Torture and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights do not only apply in U.S. territory but also wherever the government exercises effective jurisdiction and control,
187 See, e.g., Peter Margulies, Extraterritoriality and Human Rights: Time for a Change in the U.S. View?, Lawfare (Mar. 8, 2014, 8:11 am), http://www.lawfareblog.com/
2014/03/extraterritoriality-and-human-rights-time-for-a-change-in-the-u-s-view/ (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (arguing against U.S. position that treaties do not apply extraterritorially).
such as at detention facilities run by the U.S. government in foreign countries.
IV. What Might Today Be Driving the Convergence of Domains and the Closing of Legal Black Holes?
This Essay has described convergence of domains and closing of legal black holes through changes in constitutional law, common law, international law, statutory law, judicial attitudes and practices, and executive-branch structures and operating rules. Though change has been most pronounced in recent decades, some of the legal, institutional, and attitudinal changes have taken place over centuries. Pinpointing causal factors would clearly be a difficult undertaking.
What might be more feasible, and more useful, would be to suggest some forces that, whether or not they have been responsible for pushing toward convergence and the closing of legal black holes in the past, today seem to be associated with and supportive of further movements in those directions.
A. The Expansion of Rights, Jurisdiction, and Remedies
When the Constitution had a fairly limited domain of protection, even in ordinary domestic settings, it would not have seemed strange or troubling that large areas of national security and foreign affairs were outside the Constitution’s protective umbrella. And when the jurisdiction of the federal courts was fairly limited, doctrines that blocked access to the courts in foreign affairs and national security cases on the basis of citizenship, geography, or territorial location would also not have seemed strange or troubling either. But over the course of American history, both the substantive coverage of the Constitution and the jurisdiction of the courts has increased greatly.
For many decades, constitutional rights were interpreted narrowly and rarely, and the rights protected relatively few people. The Supreme Court’s first holding on the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause came in 1856.
188 See Murray’s Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co., 59 U.S. (18 How.) 272, 280–81 (1856) (ruling statute allowing for property liens on debtor did not violate Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause).
The Court’s first decision addressing the Sixth Amendment jury trial guarantee and Confrontation Clause came in 1878.
189 See Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145, 168 (1878) (ruling grand jury in polygamy case did not violate Sixth Amendment).
The Court’s first important Fourth Amendment case was decided in 1886.
190 See Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616, 634–35 (1886) (holding “compulsory production of . . . private books” was “unreasonable search and seizure—within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment”).
The First Amendment had little bite until the 1940s.
191 See, e.g., Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616, 624 (1919) (affirming conviction under Espionage Act for urging curtailment of production of war material with intent to hinder war effort).
Very little in the Constitution applied as rights-based limits to the activities of state and local governments until the Reconstruction Amendments. Either formally or practically, for many purposes, whole categories of people were outside the protection of the Constitution: slaves, African Americans including freed slaves, incarcerated convicts, and the institutionalized mentally ill. The federal courts’ jurisdiction was also relatively narrow for many decades: It was not until 1875 that general federal question jurisdiction was given to the federal courts.
192 See Judiciary Act of 1875, ch. 137, § 1, 18 Stat. 470 Congress did briefly establish general federal question jurisdiction in the Midnight Judges Act of 1801, see Act of Feb. 13, 1801, ch. 4, § 11, 2 Stat. 89, 92, but it was quickly repealed, see Act of Mar. 8, 1802, ch.8, § 1, 2 Stat. 132.
Though over time the expansion of federal jurisdiction aided the expansion of individual constitutional rights, in 1875, the intent was more nearly the opposite. Both the jurisdiction and size of the federal judiciary were increased by a Republican Party that had largely abandoned the cause of black civil rights and wanted to entrench a nationalist economic vision. See Howard Gillman, How Political Parties Can Use the Courts to Advance Their Agendas: Federal Courts in the United States, 1875–1891, 96 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 511, 517–19 (2002) (attributing late nineteenth-century federal court jurisdiction expansion to Republican efforts to control national economy).
The most important judicial tools for remedying unconstitutional government actions also developed slowly. Throughout the nineteenth century, injunctions and mandamus were often unavailable.
193 See Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1170–71 (explaining nineteenth-century judicial preference against equitable remedies like mandamus and injunctions).
Starting gradually in the latter part of the nineteenth century, following on the heels of the extension of federal question jurisdiction, and increasing exponentially after World War II, there has been an expansion in the substantive coverage of constitutional rights. Today, it is a dense code that pervasively regulates many of the activities of all branches and levels of government. Previously excluded groups, mentioned above, have over time come within the protections of the Constitution, either by formal amendment or interpretation or both.
194 Kent, Citizenship, supra note 28, at 2117; see also G. Edward White, Observations on the Turning of Foreign Affairs Jurisprudence, 70 U. Colo. L. Rev. 1109, 1117–18 (1999) (noting “unprecedented expansion in judicial protection for the civil and political rights of selected minorities . . . which characterized American constitutional jurisprudence for three decades after the close of the Second World War”).
There has been a criminal procedure revolution that vastly expanded protections for suspects and defendants, primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, though its roots appeared decades earlier.
195 See, e.g., Joseph L. Hoffmann & William J. Stuntz, Habeas After the Revolution, 1993 Sup. Ct. Rev. 65, 77–80 (describing “criminal procedure revolution” of 1960s and 1970s).
At approximately the same time, constitutional law witnessed an enormous growth in the reach and bite of procedural due process.
196 See, e.g., Richard J. Pierce, Jr., The Due Process Counterrevolution of the 1990s?, 96 Colum. L. Rev. 1973, 1974–80 (1996) (exploring background and combined effect of “five landmark opinions issued between 1970 and 1972” that drastically expanded due process protection).
Constitutional law and rights expanded in numerous other domains, from privacy and sexual liberty, to regulation of voting, and protections for speech, expression, and religious liberty.
197 See generally Morton J. Horwitz, The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice 74–98 (1998) (discussing opinions from Warren era of Supreme Court expanding protection of rights such as decisions on voting regulation and police searches); Lucas A. Powe, Jr., The Warren Court and American Politics 209–335 (2000) (exploring history of Warren Court from 1962–1968 and discussing its rulings on freedom of expression and other personal rights).
And the courts have developed powerful remedial tools and doctrines with which to grant injunctive relief and restructure government to protect individual rights.
198 See, e.g., Abram Chayes, The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litigation, 89 Harv. L. Rev. 1281, 1292–96 (1976) (discussing increasing availability of equitable remedies in twentieth century); Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1167–72 (describing shift in courts’ preferences toward equitable remedies in suits against government officials during latter part of twentieth century).
As these developments have proceeded, it has seemed more unusual and more normatively troubling to have any zones remain where rights are nonexistent or very limited and where courts decline to exercise jurisdiction or grant remedies.
At the same time, nineteenth-century formalism in legal doctrine and reasoning, characterized by a legal landscape divided into separate spheres or categories, has been declining. Formalist legal doctrine, which was often about drawing lines and deciding which side of the boundary line different phenomena fell on,
199 Morton J. Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law 1870–1960, at 17 (1992) (stating “[n]ineteenth-century legal thought was overwhelmingly dominated by categorical thinking” and “[l]ate-nineteenth-century legal reasoning brought categorical modes of thought to their highest fulfillment”).
has been gradually supplanted by different styles of legal analysis. Modern constitutional doctrine is often based around rights and interest balancing, rather than categorical rules.
200 See T. Alexander Aleinikoff, Constitutional Law in the Age of Balancing, 96 Yale L.J. 943, 948–63 (1987) (explaining emergence of “balancing” competing interests in modern constitutional jurisprudence).
This shift in reasoning makes it less likely that legal analysis will find any person, place, or context to be categorically outside the protections of the Constitution.
These expansions in individual rights and remedial protections for them have, of course, not happened in a vacuum. Contemporary moral psychology and conceptions of equality seem also to be consistent with and supportive of convergence and closing of legal black holes. When the United States was founded, the structure of social life, morality, and legal thought probably contributed to or buttressed the view that protection from the law and courts was very unevenly divided between distinct categories or spheres of persons, places, and contexts. As G. Edward White writes, Americans of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were used to putting people into categories, often binary ones, that entailed social, economic, and sometimes legal differences in powers, privileges, and responsibilities.
201 G. Edward White, History of the Supreme Court of the United States: The Marshall Court and Cultural Change, 1815–1835, at 20 (1988).
Thus, there were important categorical differences in status between men and women, children and adults, squires and artisans, Indians and non-Indians, slaves and free persons, free whites and free people of color, property holders and those without property, aliens and citizens, and resident aliens and nonresident aliens.
Already in the early nineteenth century, the social and legal distinctions between different kinds of people were coming into some tension with what White calls “the equality principle.”
Since that time, one of the most important developments in U.S. history has been the expansion of “We the People” to include previously marginalized groups, especially during the huge expansions of civil rights and civil liberties protections from the 1940s onward.
Changes in the moral psychology of residents of the developed West might also be relevant to convergence. As psychologist Jonathan Haidt observes, all societies must confront the question of how to balance needs of the group and those of individuals, and there are two main ways that societies answer this question. According to Haidt, the West has been moving from a sociocentric moral approach to allocating power, rights, and resources—one that places the needs of groups and institutions first and subordinates the needs of individuals—to a more individualistic approach that places individuals at the center and makes society a servant of the individual.
203 Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion 14–15 (2012) (“The individualistic answer largely vanquished the sociocentric approach in the twentieth century as individual rights expanded rapidly, consumer culture spread, and the Western world reacted with horror to the evils perpetrated by the ultrasociocentric fascist and communist empires.”).
Gradually increasing recognition of the dignity and rights of all individuals, in both U.S. constitutional law and international human rights law, has proceeded apace with this underlying change in moral psychology. At the same time, an older moral framework based on loyalty, authority, and sanctity has been breaking down. This framework, according to Haidt, valued “self-control over self-expression, duty over rights, and loyalty to one’s groups over concerns for out-groups.”
204 Id. at 192–93.
Over time, persons on the liberal or left side of the ideological spectrum in the West, have come to value the former much more.
These underlying moral changes have proceeded apace with formal changes in constitutional law and remedies, helping create our present circumstances where it seems more and more “un-American”
205 See Countdown with Keith Olbermann, supra note 5 (quoting Neal Katyal).
to hold that any person, place, or context is categorically outside the protection of the Constitution and laws.
B. Role and Self-Conception of the Supreme Court and Federal Judiciary
Certain institutional changes within the U.S. government, notably the rise to prominence and power of the Supreme Court, seem conceptually and historically linked to convergence and closing of legal black holes. Today, the Court’s fairly aggressive vision of judicial supremacy, especially in the area of individual rights, is clearly supportive of further convergence and closing of legal black holes.
In Marbury v. Madison, the Court sketched a very limited role for judicial review. First, the Court emphasized that its duty and power to say what the law was could properly be exercised only in service of the court’s duty to provide a remedy for violations of an individual’s private right.
206 See Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137, 163, 177–78 (1803).
Second, the Court broadly described categories of “political” issues that could not be decided judicially but lay within the “constitutional or legal discretion” of another branch.
And, famously, the Court exercised the power of judicial review in service of limiting the Court’s power in the particular case before it and ducking confrontation with the President and Congress.
But in a gradual process spanning centuries, the modern imperial Court emerged from these humble beginnings. Only two acts of Congress were declared unconstitutional in the entire period prior to the Civil War (in Marbury and Dred Scott).
208 See Jed Handelsman Shugerman, A Six-Three Rule: Reviving Consensus and Deference on the Supreme Court, 37 Ga. L. Rev. 893, 907 (2003) (“The Court invalidated federal laws only twice before the Civil War (Marbury v. Madison and Dred Scott).”).
The pace quickened over the subsequent decades. As of 2002, a Government Printing Office publication had counted 157.
209 Gov’t Printing Office, Acts of Congress Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court of the United States (2002), http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/
pkg/GPO-CONAN-2002/pdf/GPO-CONAN-2002-10.pdf (on file with the Columbia Law Review).
The Court barely maintains any longer the fiction that it decides constitutional issues only when it unavoidably must to protect an individual’s private rights. It is often very self-conscious and forthright about its modern role of declaring constitutional doctrines and rules that will operate prospectively as binding rules of law applicable to all government actors facing circumstances within the scope of those rules or doctrines.
210 See, e.g., Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236 (2009) (discussing value of “promot[ing] the development of constitutional precedent” by issuing rulings on constitutionality of official conduct); Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 201 (2001) (stressing importance of federal courts issuing written decisions on constitutionality of officers’ conduct); Cnty. of Sacramento v. Lewis, 523 U.S. 833, 841 n.5 (1998) (same).
The scope, density, and ambition of the modern Court’s constitutional jurisprudence are astounding. It is difficult to think of any important area of social, political, economic, or educational life that entirely evades its reach.
The Court is less and less willing to see any zones of U.S. government activity as categorically immune to judicial review and oversight.
211 See Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1128–30 (“[T]he Supreme Court has arguably never been more assertive in adjudicating national security and foreign relations issues than it has in recent years.”).
At the Supreme Court level, if not yet in the lower federal courts, the scope of things considered nonjusticiable political questions has shrunk. Out of quasi-departmentalist beginnings, the modern Court has decided that it “alone among the three branches has been allocated the power to provide the full substantive meaning of all constitutional provisions.”
212 Rachel E. Barkow, More Supreme Than Court? The Fall of the Political Question Doctrine and the Rise of Judicial Supremacy, 102 Colum. L. Rev. 237, 241 (2002).
The modern Court’s supremacy is widely accepted. “Governments at all levels . . . have essentially acceded to the Supreme Court’s demand in Cooper v. Aaron that the constitutional doctrines and rules announced by the Court in its decisions be treated as equivalent to the Constitution itself.”
213 Kent, Damages, supra note 17, at 1158–59.
For this enormously powerful and self-confident modern Court, it must seem increasingly quaint to hear the government argue in national security and foreign affairs cases that the judiciary lacks competence or authority to decide a given issue.
214 Even in national security cases involving core competencies of the Congress and executive, the modern Court often does not deign to even mention its doctrines that counsel deference to the political branches, much less apply them. See, e.g, id. at 1133 n.38 (discussing Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006)).
As has been widely recognized, the Court has also shifted the focus and intensity of its judicial review over time. One salient change is the shift that became most obvious in the late 1930s and 1940s, and was noted by the Court itself in, among other places, the famous footnote in the Carolene Products decision.
215 United States v. Carolene Prods. Co., 304 U.S. 144, 152–53 n.4 (1938) (suggesting more searching inquiry might be appropriate when, among other things, rights of discrete and insular minorities are at stake).
As the Court moved toward a more deferential posture to legislative and executive action when reviewing law in the economic and regulatory spheres, it has moved quite strongly to protect civil rights and civil liberties.
This is not to say that the Court entirely sets its own agenda or proceeds further and faster on behalf of individual rights than the national political order will tolerate. Courts are part of that political order, as Mark Tushnet and others emphasize, and when they exercise judicial review it is generally in collaboration with one part of the political order against another, understood either vertically (working with the federal government against state or local governments) or temporally (working with the current order against policies of a prior generation).
216 See Mark E. Tushnet, The Supreme Court and the National Political Order: Collaboration and Confrontation, in The Supreme Court and American Political Development 117–37 (Ronald Kahn & Ken I. Kersch eds., 2006) (examining Court’s role in shaping political order); see also Keith Whittington, Political Foundations of Judicial, Supremacy 4 (2007) (arguing “political incentives facing elected politicians . . . often lead politicians to value judicial independence and seek to bolster, or at least refrain from undermining, judicial authority over constitutional meaning”).
Political coalitions can also amend the Constitution in ways that change individual rights protections directly
217 See, e.g., U.S. Const. amends. XIII, § 1 (banning slavery and involuntary servitude), XIV, § 1 (defining and protecting national citizenship and barring states from abridging privileges or immunities of U.S. citizens or denying persons of due process of law or equal protection of laws), XV, § 1 (barring discrimination in voting on account of race or previous condition of servitude).
or allow Congress to enforce constitutional rights protections,
218 See id. amends. XIII, § 2, XIV, § 5, XV § 2 (giving Congress power to enforce amendments).
change the jurisdiction or structure of the federal judiciary in ways that promote the protection of individual constitutional rights,
219 See, e.g., Judiciary Act of 1875, ch. 137, § 1, 18 Stat. 470 (granting general federal question jurisdiction of federal courts); Civil Rights Act of 1866, ch. 31, § 3, 14 Stat. 27 (giving federal courts jurisdiction over actions challenging civil and criminal deprivations of civil rights).
or enact legislation that supports affirmative constitutional litigation and change,
220 See, e.g., Voting Rights Act of 1965, Pub. L. No. 89-110, §§ 3–6, 10, 79 Stat. 437 (authorizing Attorney General to initiate and federal courts to hear cases to protect voting rights); 42 U.S.C. § 1983, enacted as section 1 of the Enforcement Act or Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871, ch. 22, 17 Stat. 13 (creating private right of action for deprivation of constitutional rights by persons acting under color of state law).
declares the punishment of deprivations of constitutional rights,
221 See, e.g., Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 10 (declaring poll taxes violate Constitution and authorizing Attorney General to institute suits to ban them); Civil Rights Act of 1866 § 2 (making it crime for states and state actors to deprive persons of their civil rights or impose increased punishments on account of race).
tasks the bureaucracy with protecting and extending constitutional rights,
222 See, e.g., Civil Rights Act of 1964, tit. IV–VI, Pub. L. No. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241 (granting authority to offer grants and technical assistance to promote desegregation of public schools; empowering investigations of racial discrimination in voting, education, housing, employment, use of public facilities, and administration of criminal justice; and directing federal agencies to ensure entities receiving funding do not practice racial discrimination).
or promotes preferred values of constitutional dimension, and hence entrench those norms in the legal and political culture.
223 See, e.g., id., tit. VII (barring discrimination in employment on basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin).
Collaboration with other national political actors has marked the Court’s push for greater protection of civil rights and civil liberties generally and, more recently, the moves toward convergence of domains and closing of legal black holes. Instances of sharp conflict between the federal courts and the George W. Bush Administration, and a more generalized but subtler difference in perspectives about the extent to which foreign affairs and national security should be legalized and judicialized, should not be allowed to obscure the role of Congress, the executive, and other parts of the national political order in supporting the judiciary in greater convergence and closing of legal black holes. During the Bush Administration, for example, Congress legislated to protect noncitizen detainees against torture in foreign locations
224 See Detainee Treatment Act, Pub. L. No. 109-148, § 1003(a), 119 Stat. 2680, 2739 (2005) (“No individual in the custody or under the physical control of the United States Government, regardless of nationality or physical location, shall be subject to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.”).
and to provide federal court review of detentions and military commission trials,
225 See id. § 1005 (providing for federal-court review of military trials); see also Military Commissions Act of 2006, Pub. L. No. 109-366, § 950, 120 Stat. 2600 (same).
albeit not the full-blown habeas corpus that the Court later mandated in Boumediene. The earlier statutory protections were expanded by President Obama and a later Congress.
226 See Military Commissions Act of 2009, Pub. L. No. 111-84, 123 Stat. 2190 (providing greater procedural protections, with Article III judicial review, of military commission trials); Exec. Order No. 13,491, 74 Fed. Reg. 4893 (Jan. 22, 2009) (banning torture and mistreatment, including harsh interrogation tactics).
For decades Congress has been instrumental in introducing Article III judicial oversight of certain kinds of foreign-intelligence surveillance and searchers.
227 The original Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 has been extended numerous times by later Congresses.
C. International Relations and International Law
There have been deep changes in the structure of the international system that seem connected with and supportive of convergence and the closing of legal black holes. At a very broad level, the increasing cross–border flows of people, information, money, goods, and services—in a word, globalization—has likely contributed to a softening of the distinctions between foreign and domestic affairs and between citizen and noncitizen. Sociologist Saskia Sassen describes “denationalization” driven by globalization, where “[t]erritory, law, economy, security, authority, and membership” are no longer constructed solely as “national.”
228 Saskia Sassen, Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages 1–2 (2006).
But these phenomena operate at such a deep level that any causal role in changes in U.S. law and institutions relevant to this Essay is likely remote and highly mediated. I will instead look for more specific forces.
As I noted earlier in Part III.E, the structure of international law has changed dramatically. It is now universal, not limited in its coverage to civilized states and groups. It protects both noncitizens and citizens from their own governments. It used to have hugely different rules for peacetime and wartime, but those distinctions are collapsing somewhat.
In international law and international relations, there has been a centuries-long shift from diplomacy and coercion at the nation-state level toward a more individualized, judicialized view of how aliens are to be protected. Since at least the eighteenth century, it has been thought that international law has required that a host nation provide some minimum level of fair treatment to alien residents or visitors.
229 See, e.g., de Vattel, supra note 52, §§ 104–114, at 145–48 (describing rights retained by foreigners abroad by virtue of membership in society and mankind); 3 G.F. Von Martens, A Compendium of the Law of Nations, Founded on the Treaties and Customs of the Modern Nations of Europe 88 (William Cobbett trans., Cobbett & Morgan 1802) (1795) (suggesting fair treatment of alien visitors was required by law of nations); 8 id. at 273. This norm was often embodied in bilateral treaties. See, e.g., Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, U.S. –United Mexican States, arts. XIV–XV, Apr. 5, 1832, 8 Stat. 410 (offering governmental protection of civil rights and immunities to each nation’s citizens when in states of treaty signatories); Treaty of Friendship, Limits and Navigation, U.S.–Spain, art. XX, Oct. 27, 1795, 8 Stat. 138 (same); Treaty of Amity and Commerce, U.S.–Prussia, art. II, July 9–Sept. 10, 1785, 8 Stat. 84 (same); Treaty of Amity and Commerce, U.S.–Swed., art. XVII, Apr. 3, 1783, 8 Stat. 60 (same); Treaty of Amity and Commerce, U.S.–Neth., art. VIII, Oct. 8, 1782, 8 Stat. 32 (granting protections from arbitrary detention and capture of vessels by party signatories of each other).
“Denial of justice” to aliens within the country—for instance, refusing or hindering access to domestic courts—was treated by international law as an injury to the alien’s home state for which the territorial state that had denied justice was responsible.
230 See Francesco Francioni, The Right of Access to Justice Under Customary International Law, in Access to Justice as a Human Right 1, 9–13 (Francesco Francioni ed., 2007) (describing aliens’ access to justice).
The offended home state could, if it chose to “espouse” the claim of its national, seek redress diplomatically.
231 Id. at 9.
Force could also be used if redress were refused; denial of justice was considered a justifiable cause of reprisal.
232 See de Vattel, supra note 52, §§ 348–353, at 230–31 (noting instances where force is appropriate); The Federalist No. 80, supra note 58, at 522–23 (Alexander Hamilton) (noting denial of justice as just cause of war).
In more extreme circumstances such as riot or war, where justice was not so much denied as absent, customary international law allowed the state whose nationals were in peril to intervene forcibly to protect lives or even property,
233 See Lillich on the Forcible Protection of Nationals Abroad 41 (Thomas C. Wingfield & James E. Meyen eds., 2002) (discussing evidence showing state use of force to protect property and life).
something the United States has done many times.
234 See Edwin M. Borchard, The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad or the Law of International Claims 448 (1915) (“The army or navy has frequently been used for the protection of citizens or their property in foreign countries in cases of emergency where the local government has failed, through inability or unwillingness, to afford adequate protection to the persons or property of the foreigners in question.”).
Modern trends are away from force and more toward judicial remedies. Post–UN Charter, military force is only allowed to be used in self-defense or through authorized collective security processes. International human rights law is increasingly recognizing a right to court access—a right of anyone, citizen or alien, to access domestic courts in the state where they are located to seek redress for violations of domestic or international legal norms.
235 See, e.g., International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, art. 2(3), Dec. 16, 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (“Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes: (a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms . . . are violated shall have an effective remedy . . . (b) . . . that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial . . . authorities, or . . . any other competent authority . . . .”); see also Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 8, G.A. Res. 217 (III) A, art 8, U.N. Doc. A/RES/217(III) (Dec. 10, 1948) (“Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.”); Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 364/01, art. 47, 2000 (“Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law. Everyone shall have the possibility of being advised, defended and represented.”); Organization of American States, American Convention on Human Rights, art. 8(1), Nov. 22, 1969, 1144 U.N.T.S. 143 (“Every person has the right to a hearing with due guarantees and within a reasonable time, by a competent, independent, and impartial tribunal . . . for the determination of his rights and obligations of a civil, labor, fiscal, or any other nature.”); African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, art. 7(1), June 27, 1981, 1520 U.N.T.S. 217 (“Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard.”).
More generally, as Samuel Moyn argues, the idea of rights was untethered from citizenship in the state, allowing the idea of universal human rights as against the state to be possible.
236 Samuel Moyn, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History 44–85 (2010).
The enormous growth and success of the idea of international human rights in the post–World War II period means that it seems increasingly anachronistic and arbitrary to deny rights protection on the basis of citizenship. For example, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, one of the most important modern human rights instruments to which 167 states are parties, provides that rights of personal security and access to the courts are available to all human beings without distinction.
237 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, art. 2(1), Dec. 16, 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (“Each State Party . . . undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized . . . without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.”); id. art. 14(1) (“All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals.”); id. art. 9(1) (“Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law.”).
The famous Third Geneva Convention bans the detaining power from making invidious distinctions between prisoners of war on the basis of “nationality” or “similar criteria.”
238 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, art. 16, Aug. 12, 1949, 6 U.S.T. 3316.
In light of these trends, protection under U.S. law that turns on categorical distinctions between different classes of persons is increasingly seen as a potential human rights violation.
D. Changes in National Security and Foreign Affairs Activity of U.S. Government
Concerted pressure for extending rights beyond the sovereign territory of the United States began when the U.S. government started projecting power abroad in sustained ways. When extraterritorial action by the U.S. government was irregular, brief, and primarily involved war-fighting or similar coercive activities, it seemed natural that constitutional rights developed for peacetime; domestic application would not be extended. But, as the twentieth century opened, the United States came to be involved in many extraterritorial activities that looked less like episodic coercion and more like governing, such as nation-building, ruling civilian populations of non-sovereign zones where military bases were located, or staffing and running U.S. courts in foreign countries like China. For example, an important case about whether constitutional rights applied outside the United States arose in Cuba during the time of temporary U.S. military government,
239 Neely v. Henkel, 180 U.S. 109, 112 (1901) (extraditing U.S. citizen to Cuba, then governed by U.S. military, for criminal trial).
as part of this country’s first attempt at self-described humanitarian intervention. And the long-term occupations of Germany and Japan after World War II raised questions about whether constitutional rights limited U.S. government actions.
240 See, e.g., Eisentrager v. Forrestal, 174 F.2d 961, 963–65 & 963 n.9 (D.C. Cir. 1949) (holding Fifth Amendment Due Process and Habeas Suspension Clauses protect “any person,” anywhere in world, including admitted agents of German government convicted of war crimes by U.S. military commission in China and detained in U.S.-occupied Germany), rev’d sub nom. Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763, 785 (1950) (holding German petitioners lacked constitutional rights, including right to access U.S. courts).
At first these developments merely generated calls in some quarters for convergence and closing of black holes but did not actually change U.S. law in that direction. If anything, categorical distinctions were invigorated and new ones developed in order to give more flexibility to the government. The classic example is the so-called incorporation doctrine developed in the Insular Cases of 1901 and thereafter. The best understanding of U.S. law and practices at the time was that during peacetime, full constitutional rights should be available to the people and entities present in territory that was de jure part of the United States.
241 See Kent, Citizenship, supra note 28, at 2127–28. There were minor exceptions based on territories’ unique status as proto-states. For instance, federal courts in the territories were not staffed with Article III judges with life tenure—a kind of structural protection for individual rights—because territorial courts would be abolished once statehood was attained.
But in response to pressures generated by the imperialism of 1898 and thereafter, the Supreme Court in the Insular Cases acceded to the government’s wish to have fewer constitutional restrictions on its colonial governments, holding that not all constitutional restraints were applicable until Congress decided to fully “incorporate” a territory into the United States.
242 See id. (discussing outcome and impact of Insular Cases).
But over time, the changing nature of U.S. foreign relations and national security activity has seemed to cause changes in U.S. law. In general, when a government is seen to wield great power, it leads to calls for more legal restraint. For example, once the breadth and intrusiveness of what the NSA has been doing in domestic and foreign surveillance became known as a result of the Snowden leaks, calls for the courts or Congress to rein it in have increased exponentially.
In recent conflicts with non-state actors like al Qaeda or insurgents in post–Saddam Hussein Iraq, U.S. government activities like long-term preventive detention, extensive interrogation for intelligence purposes, and counterinsurgency campaigns seem to many observers to be close enough to ordinary law enforcement and governance that norms of constitutional protection should be applicable.
There are other features of conflicts with non-state actors that create pressure for increased rights protection and judicialization. There are pervasive and factually complex disputes about whether a given individual detainee or military or intelligence target is, in fact, an enemy fighter. The likelihood of “false positives” is increased by the fact that citizenship cannot be used as an easy proxy for enemy status and that detainees who in fact are enemy fighters lack an incentive to self-identify as such because they will not receive prisoner-of-war protections but instead might be tried for unlawful belligerency or domestic crimes.
243 See generally Issacharoff & Pildes, Targeted Warfare, supra note 27, at 1545–46 (discussing pressures and incentives for military force to be used based on individual guilt rather than group status).
There is great indeterminacy about which international legal protections apply to detainees who are alleged terrorists. Skimpiness of those that do apply, like Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, suggests to some observers that more robust and certain protections of domestic rights enforced by courts are needed. The indefinite and highly malleable scope and length of the conflict raises the discomfiting prospect of war without end or limits, and hence we see increasing calls to make armed conflict more like peacetime in terms of judicial involvement and rights protection. The fact that the home governments of many detainees are U.S. allies in the conflict against al Qaeda and the Taliban and therefore do not always advocate strongly for the detainees’ interests also likely increases the calls for judicial oversight under robust domestic law norms.
On the other hand, the enormous destructive power that can be harnessed by non-state groups suggests to many that simple law enforcement methods are not sufficient, and that harder-edged military and intelligence assets and techniques must be deployed as well. Territorial location matters less as well. Whether through cyber attacks, dispersal of biological weapons, or the use of ordinary objects like commercial airplanes as weapons, destructive attacks can potentially be launched from anywhere and everywhere, putting pressure on the U.S. government to militarize the homeland. At the same time, changes in communications technologies mean that it is often difficult to determine the geographic location or identity of the parties to the communication, and hence traditional rules about electronic surveillance, based on a foreign–domestic distinction concerning citizenship and territorial location, are increasingly unworkable.
As Pildes and Issacharoff have argued, changes in military technology—such as the development and spread of precision munitions and drone technology—are putting increasing pressure on the military to “individuate,” to apply force in a surgical manner so that it only impacts individuals who have been deemed targetable or guilty in some fashion through fair procedures.
244 Id. at 1525–28 (“[T]he use of military force against terrorists necessarily must shift, and has shifted, away from traditional group-based membership attributions of responsibility to individuated judgments of responsibility.”).
As non-state threats rise in importance, the U.S. government and courts are less likely to confront a noncitizen as a representative of a foreign government. Spiro has noted that foreign affairs law often treated aliens for constitutional purposes “not as individuals but rather as components of other nations.”
245 Peter J. Spiro, Globalization and the (Foreign Affairs) Constitution, 63 Ohio St. L.J. 649, 704 (2002) [hereinafter Spiro, Globalization].
This is seen, for example, in immigration cases giving great deference to the U.S. government because of concerns about the potential disloyalty of noncitizens to the United States. And courts often justified deference and fewer constitutional rights for noncitizens with the assumption “that their interests will be protected on the international plane by their country of nationality, so that even as they are deprived of individual constitutional rights, their rights will be protected through diplomatic channels.”
246 Id. at 706.
As non-state groups became more important to U.S. foreign policy, exceptional treatment of noncitizens seems less justifiable.
247 See id. at 707 (arguing historical justifications for distinguishing noncitizens for constitutional purposes “offer no support for its persistence”).
And even though threats from non-state actors are serious, they pale in comparison to the threat of annihilation from superpower conflict. Today’s reduced-threat environment has led some to argue that doctrines limiting judicial review and individual rights in foreign affairs and national security contexts have less justification today.
248 See id. (arguing prevalence of non-state threats erodes historical justifications for differential constitutional treatment of aliens).
Spiro correctly observes that much of the deference to the U.S. government from courts in foreign relations cases came from an asserted need to protect diplomatic secrecy and from concerns about provoking confrontation with another nation. The greatest deference to the government often came in cases that directly implicated the interests of third-party foreign countries.
249 See id. at 680 (noting “courts have shown a demonstrably greater willingness to entertain foreign relations matters that do not directly implicate other countries”).
Thus, the very kinds of national security and foreign affairs activities that are most salient today tend to be ones that lead observers and, often, courts and other political actors to think that ordinary legal norms and perhaps even judicial review should govern.
E. Trust in Government, Growth of New Media, and Relations Between the Government and the Press
Paul Stephan has suggested that the attractiveness of judicial deference to the political branches in foreign relations waxes and wanes based on the legal elite’s view of the competence and probity of the Executive and Congress.
250 See Paul B. Stephan, Courts, the Constitution, and Customary International Law: The Intellectual Origins of the Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, 44 Va. J. Int’l L. 33, 58–59 (2003).
Large portions of the American public have always been skeptical of the federal government, but it may be a distinctively modern phenomenon that large swaths of the legal and economic elites are today.
The Vietnam War and the Watergate scandals are commonly said to mark the beginning of a dramatic decline of trust and confidence in the federal government. For a brief period after 9/11, the shock of the attack and sense of crisis and national purpose may have rallied legal elites behind a posture of judicial deference to the political branches. But soon, the enormous credibility crisis of the Bush Administration surrounding WMDs in Iraq and revelations of behavior (e.g., intentional torture of captives) that many members of the legal elite found shocking and obviously illegal, among other things, led to the elite bar and, seemingly, even Justices of the Supreme Court to harbor distrust of the executive branch.
251 See, e.g., Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 765–69 (2008) (rejecting traditional bright-line rule that noncitizens outside United States lacked constitutional protections in part because such rule was “subject to manipulation” by President or Congress); Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 US 557, 587–88 (2006) (stating process for review of military commission convictions that includes Secretary of Defense and ends with President “clearly lack[s] the structural insulation from military influence that characterizes the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces,” hence Article III courts should not abstain from adjudicating legality of military commission proceedings); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, 530 (2004) (plurality opinion) (“[A]s critical as the Government’s interest may be in detaining those who. . . pose an immediate threat. . . , history and common sense teach us that an unchecked system of detention carries the potential to become a means for oppression and abuse of others who do not present that sort of threat.”).
Public approval of and trust in the executive has remained low during the Obama years.
252 See Gallup, Trust in Government, http://www.gallup.com/poll/5392/trust-government.aspx (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (last visited Mar. 7, 2015) (displaying poll results from 1972 through 2014 asking respondents about trust in federal executive branch, showing both George W. Bush and Barack Obama Administrations received high marks at beginning of their first terms but soon were trusted by less than half of respondents).
Congress’s painfully obvious dysfunction and partisanship, which is reflected in very low public approval,
253 See Gallup, Congress’ Approval Rating Remains Near Historical Lows (Aug. 13, 2013), http://www.gallup.com/poll/163964/congress-approval-rating-remains-near-histor
ical-lows.aspx (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (showing over eighty percent of Americans disapprove of job Congress is doing).
has not helped its standing with the elite bar and the courts. It seems likely that the Supreme Court’s assertiveness vis-à-vis Congress, seen for example in the record number of congressional statutes declared unconstitutional in recent decades and in cases like City of Boerne, Garrett, and Shelby County,
254 See Shelby Cnty. v. Holder, 133 S. Ct. 2612, 2630–31 (2013) (invalidating key section of Voting Rights Act in part because Court disagreed with Congress’s fact-finding about extent of voting discrimination); Bd. of Trustees of the Univ. of Ala. v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356, 368 (2001) (invalidating part of Americans with Disabilities Act because Court determined Congress had failed to document in legislative record sufficient pattern of misconduct by states); City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507, 536 (1997) (finding limit on Congress’s authority to enforce Fourteenth Amendment where it assertedly encroached on Court’s prerogative of defining meaning of Constitution).
results at least in part from a decline in respect for Congress by members of the Supreme Court.
255 The Court has become more and more detached from Congress, and from high-level politics generally. The last Supreme Court Justice who served in Congress prior to joining the Court was Sherman Minton, who retired from the Court in 1956. The last former governor was Earl Warren, who retired in 1969. The last former Attorney General of the United States was Tom Clark, who retired from the Court in 1967. See Pamela S. Karlan, Foreword: Democracy and Disdain, 126 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 5 (2012) (“[T]he current Supreme Court is the first in U.S. history to lack even a single member who ever served in elected office.”).
In the title of her recent Harvard Law Review foreword, Pamela Karlan suggests that the current Court has “disdain” for Congress and politics more generally.
256 Id. at 12 (“The current Court, in contrast to the Warren Court, combines a very robust view of its interpretive supremacy with a strikingly restrictive view of Congress’s enumerated powers. The Roberts Court’s approach reflects a combination of institutional distrust . . . and substantive distrust . . . .”); see also Vicki C. Jackson, Standing and the Role of Federal Courts: Triple Error Decisions in Clapper v. Amnesty International USA and City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 23 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 127, 181 (2014) (“At times the Court seems to show a particular lack of respect for Congress as compared with state legislatures.”).
Even as trust in Congress and the executive branch have declined, a new media environment scrutinizes the activities of government like never before. As Goldsmith has argued, “[t]he growth of global television and the Internet” since the 1990s has given unprecedented publicity to the foreign affairs and national security activities of the United States and other governments, and by shining a light on them, has made their “perceived fairness” and compliance with law matters of public concern and debate.
257 Goldsmith, supra note 23, at 125–35.
The information and media revolution has gone hand-in-hand with decreased trust in government. Important segments of the American public and much of the press have, since Watergate and other scandals of the 1970s and the associated congressional hearings and press reporting that revealed abuses through the executive branch, become rather skeptical about U.S. government assertions that it should be trusted to do the right thing in secret. The transparency and checks and balances that come with judicial review therefore seemed more desirable. And, as Spiro argues, when the executive and Congress lose their monopoly over information about foreign affairs and national security, courts are less receptive to pleas for deference.
258 Spiro, Globalization, supra note 245, at 683 n.127.
Recent decades have seen the rise of very active and sophisticated press and advocacy networks that ferret out and publicize unsavory government secrets.
The same information revolution that has changed the media landscape has also made it much easier for government insiders to leak large amounts of national security information to reporters or advocacy groups. And at the same time, many advocacy organizations have sprung up dedicated to using information about government misdeeds to expand constitutional and other legal protections for groups such as noncitizens abroad and military targets who would previously have been categorically unprotected.
The historical trajectory toward the closing of legal black holes and converging of domains is clear. Most of the forces I have suggested might be supportive of this change today seem unlikely to abate any time soon. Part of the reason is that many of the trends seem to reinforce each other. For example, the increase in the number and potency of individual constitutional rights and associated remedies gives authority and legitimacy to the role of federal courts restraining the political branches, and hence increases the self-confidence and assertiveness of the courts. In turn, greater assertiveness and self-confidence will lead the courts to elaborate and apply more rights and remedies. Moral psychology that increasingly values the autonomy and equality of individuals will tend to support increased individual constitutional rights and vice versa.
Many of these trends I have identified are probably also individually self-reinforcing. Take, for example, the increasing confidence of the U.S. judiciary about its right and capacity to adjudicate foreign affairs and national security cases. As the courts hear more such cases, they will likely gain both confidence in their ability to handle them and the confidence of outside observers. Courts create precedents when they decide cases, and a growing body of precedent will make it seem increasingly natural and accepted that courts are adjudicating these cases. The federal judiciary’s involvement adjudicating applications for foreign-intelligence surveillance since 1978
259 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, Pub. L. No. 95-511, 92 Stat. 1789 (codified as amended at 50 U.S.C. §§ 1801–1885c (2012)).
has, for example, recently led to calls for a similar kind of judicial review of targeted killings.
260 See Scott Shane, Debating a Court to Vet Drone Strikes, N.Y. Times (Feb. 9, 2013), http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/09/world/a-court-to-vet-kill-lists.html (on file with the Columbia Law Review).
Because these trends toward the closing of legal black holes and converging of domains appear to be longstanding and mutually reinforcing as well as self-reinforcing, the future will probably bring more rather than less convergence in rights protection and the further closing of legal black holes. That does not mean that the trend lines will always be steady. A military or other catastrophe, such as the 9/11 attacks, can temporarily lead political actors, including the courts, to adopt and countenance fewer individual rights protections than they ordinarily would.
261 See Janet Cooper Alexander, The Law-Free Zone and Back Again, 2013 U. Ill. L. Rev. 551, 551 (showing national security policies were less protective of individual rights during first Bush term immediately after 9/11 than during second term or Obama presidency).
A major nation-to-nation war involving the United States, unlikely as that may seem today, would probably push the country further off the course of convergence and closing of legal black holes, and for a longer time.
262 See generally Jack Goldsmith & Cass R. Sunstein, Military Tribunals and Legal Culture: What a Difference Sixty Years Makes, 19 Const. Comment. 261, 281 (2002) (discussing different reactions to Franklin D. Roosevelt versus George W. Bush’s use of military tribunals and observing “[f]or better or for worse, solicitude for the interests of accused belligerents will diminish when the risks to the Nation seem most serious and tangible”).
But even that is unlikely to be permanent and almost certainly would not roll back the developments of the last several decades. As Goldsmith and Cass Sunstein argue, U.S. history shows a ratchet effect, where perceived abuses of individual rights in the name of security during wartime are criticized and rejected afterwards and thus develops a new, higher baseline for treatment of individuals going forward.
263 See id. at 284–85 (“During every serious war in our nation’s history, civil liberties have been curtailed. Following . . . each war, elites regret these restrictions . . . [as] unwarranted or extreme . . . . This dialectic produces a ratchet effect, over time, in favor of more expansive civil liberties during wartime.”).
The future of national security and foreign affairs is thus likely to see more and more aggressive judicial review and further application and extension of ordinary constitutional and other legal norms. The number of persons, places, or contexts that are legal black holes will continue to shrink, perhaps to zero. National security and foreign affairs will become less and less legally exceptional, as convergence continues apace.
Some more specific predictions might be ventured. Pildes and Issacharoff are surely right that there will be increased pressure, including by legal means, for the U.S. military to “individuate” by applying force in a surgical manner so that it only impacts individuals who have been deemed targetable or guilty in some fashion through fair procedures.
264 See supra note 27 and accompanying text (describing Pildes and Isacharoff thesis on pressures on military to “individuate”).
Calls for a “drone court” similar to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court are an example of this phenomenon.
265 See, e.g., Benjamin Wittes, The New York Times Proposes Judicial Review of Nearly All Drone Strikes, Lawfare (Feb. 15, 2013, 7:21 am), http://www.lawfareblog.com/
2013/02/the-new-york-times-proposes-judicial-review-of-nearly-all-drone-strikes/ (on file with the Columbia Law Review) (discussing proposed “drone court”).
Because the political actors driving convergence and closing of legal black holes tend to be more associated with the political left of center—for instance, it was the left of the Supreme Court plus Justice Kennedy that produced the narrow margins of victory for the detainees in Rasul, Hamdan, and Boumediene
266 Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466 (2004), and Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008), were 5-4 decisions, while Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006), would have been 5-4 if Chief Justice Roberts had not recused himself after having voted for the government when the case was at the D.C. Circuit.
—we will likely see more and faster convergence and closing of legal black holes on issues where the right can join in too. So, for example, issues involving property or other economic rights or First Amendment rights for commercial or other entities are ones to watch.
The Supreme Court, in an opinion by Chief Justice Roberts, recently held that the First Amendment rights of organizations that provided funding and assistance regarding HIV/AIDS in foreign countries were violated by the statutory requirement conditioning receipt of U.S. government grants on having “a policy explicitly opposing prostitution.”
267 Agency for Int’l Dev. v. Alliance for Open Soc’y Int’l, Inc., 133 S. Ct. 2321, 2326 (2013).
The Court relied entirely on case law involving ordinary, domestic issues—such as restrictions on using federal funds to counsel women about abortions,
268 See id. at 2328 (citing Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173, 195 & n.4 (1991)).
and evinced no awareness of the separation of powers concerns with constraining U.S. foreign policy activities in foreign countries with judicially imposed constitutional restrictions.
The recent D.C. Circuit decision concerning the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is on point here. A statute empowers the President, through CFIUS, an executive branch committee chaired by the Secretary of Treasury and staffed by senior officials with national security and economic portfolios, to investigate and block “any merger, acquisition, or takeover . . . by or with any foreign person which could result in foreign control of any person engaged in interstate commerce in the United States.”
269 50 U.S.C. app. § 2170(a)(3) (2012).
CFIUS reviews these transactions for effects on the national security of the United States.
270 Id. § 2170(f).
The statute provides that presidential decisions are not subject to judicial review.
271 Id. § 2170(e).
In a case where CFIUS blocked a transaction of a U.S. corporation owned by Chinese nationals on national security grounds, the D.C. Circuit first applied an exacting clear statement rule to find that the statute did not clearly enough bar a due process challenge to the decision of CFIUS; held that the political question doctrine did not apply; and, with only the barest hint of deference toward the national security equities, held that the corporation had been denied its property without due process because it was not given all unclassified evidence used in the review process or any opportunity to rebut that evidence.
272 See Ralls Corp. v. Comm. on Foreign Inv. in U.S., 758 F.3d 296, 311, 314, 319 (D.C. Cir. 2014).
In the same vein, decisions that are only a little more than a decade old abruptly rejecting constitutional challenges to asset blocking orders for national security reasons by the Office of Foreign Assets Control
273 See, e.g., Holy Land Found. v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 156, 163–66 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (upholding asset-blocking order against Muslim charitable foundation designated as terrorist organization); Global Relief Found., Inc. v. O’Neill, 315 F.3d 748, 754 (7th Cir. 2002) (rejecting Global Relief Foundation’s constitutional arguments against seizing of its assets).
are almost certainly going to be superseded by precedent imposing more traditional constitutional restrictions on this national security activity.
274 See, e.g., Al Haramain Islamic Found., Inc. v. U.S. Dep’t of Treasury, 686 F.3d 965, 988, 1001 (9th Cir. 2012) (holding OFAC violated foundation’s due process and First Amendment rights); KindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Dev., Inc. v. Geithner, 647 F. Supp. 2d 857, 919 (N.D. Ohio 2010) (holding OFAC violated corporation’s Fourth Amendment rights).
Whether these particular predictions prove correct or not, the tendency in our law, political institutions, and culture will be toward greater convergence and closing of legal black holes. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1957 | {"url": "https://columbialawreview.org/content/disappearing-legal-black-holes-and-converging-domains-changing-individual-rights-protection-in-national-security-and-foreign-affairs-2/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "columbialawreview.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:21:57Z", "digest": "sha1:FPC4ZOYLAF7336YMOXAH42WAEMOR7FWJ"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 181489, 181489.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 181489, 188459.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 181489, 650.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 181489, 1245.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 181489, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 181489, 229.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 181489, 13.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 181489, 0.29240026]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 181489, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 181489, 0.01995876]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 181489, 0.1095112]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 181489, 0.07007002]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 181489, 0.05364981]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 181489, 0.03635856]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 181489, 0.02527339]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 181489, 0.00816588]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 181489, 0.01092186]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 181489, 0.00381755]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 181489, 0.02911249]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 181489, 0.25441539]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 181489, 0.19179236]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 181489, 5.37974081]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 181489, 5.545e-05]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 181489, 6.79623773]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 181489, 27316.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 169, 0.0], [169, 303, 0.0], [303, 316, 0.0], [316, 1204, 1.0], [1204, 1911, 1.0], [1911, 2554, 1.0], [2554, 3102, 1.0], [3102, 3513, 0.0], [3513, 3715, 0.0], [3715, 3725, 0.0], [3725, 3749, 0.0], [3749, 3807, 1.0], [3807, 4167, 1.0], [4167, 4758, 1.0], [4758, 5049, 1.0], [5049, 5251, 0.0], [5251, 5703, 1.0], [5703, 5776, 1.0], [5776, 6023, 0.0], [6023, 6327, 1.0], [6327, 6619, 0.0], [6619, 7095, 1.0], [7095, 7110, 0.0], [7110, 7415, 1.0], [7415, 7476, 0.0], [7476, 8405, 1.0], [8405, 8468, 0.0], [8468, 8633, 0.0], [8633, 9209, 1.0], [9209, 9341, 0.0], [9341, 9529, 1.0], [9529, 9583, 1.0], [9583, 9749, 1.0], [9749, 9921, 1.0], [9921, 10021, 1.0], [10021, 10143, 1.0], [10143, 10435, 1.0], [10435, 10537, 1.0], [10537, 10787, 1.0], [10787, 10885, 1.0], [10885, 10982, 1.0], [10982, 11273, 1.0], [11273, 11442, 1.0], [11442, 11674, 1.0], [11674, 11803, 1.0], [11803, 12053, 1.0], [12053, 12543, 0.0], [12543, 13018, 1.0], [13018, 13301, 1.0], [13301, 13573, 1.0], [13573, 13664, 1.0], [13664, 14103, 1.0], [14103, 14216, 1.0], [14216, 15242, 1.0], [15242, 15687, 1.0], [15687, 16138, 1.0], [16138, 16227, 1.0], [16227, 16470, 1.0], [16470, 16485, 1.0], [16485, 16582, 1.0], [16582, 18191, 1.0], [18191, 20066, 1.0], [20066, 20401, 1.0], [20401, 20554, 1.0], [20554, 20721, 1.0], [20721, 20937, 1.0], [20937, 21203, 1.0], [21203, 21470, 1.0], [21470, 21817, 1.0], [21817, 22119, 1.0], [22119, 22265, 1.0], [22265, 23119, 1.0], [23119, 23195, 0.0], [23195, 23818, 1.0], [23818, 24025, 0.0], [24025, 25304, 1.0], [25304, 25442, 1.0], [25442, 25732, 1.0], [25732, 25785, 1.0], [25785, 25934, 1.0], [25934, 26303, 1.0], [26303, 26779, 1.0], [26779, 27694, 1.0], [27694, 28092, 1.0], [28092, 28280, 1.0], [28280, 28348, 1.0], [28348, 28488, 1.0], [28488, 28688, 0.0], [28688, 28928, 1.0], [28928, 29116, 1.0], [29116, 29477, 1.0], [29477, 29658, 1.0], [29658, 30000, 1.0], [30000, 30172, 1.0], [30172, 30429, 1.0], [30429, 30588, 1.0], [30588, 30919, 1.0], [30919, 31092, 1.0], [31092, 31370, 1.0], [31370, 31517, 1.0], [31517, 31559, 0.0], [31559, 32181, 1.0], [32181, 32236, 1.0], [32236, 32311, 0.0], [32311, 32590, 1.0], [32590, 33085, 1.0], [33085, 33226, 1.0], [33226, 33409, 1.0], [33409, 33919, 1.0], [33919, 34160, 0.0], [34160, 34347, 1.0], [34347, 34733, 1.0], [34733, 34744, 1.0], [34744, 34901, 1.0], [34901, 34972, 1.0], [34972, 35092, 1.0], [35092, 35133, 1.0], [35133, 35237, 1.0], [35237, 35287, 1.0], [35287, 35437, 1.0], [35437, 35808, 1.0], [35808, 36141, 1.0], [36141, 36594, 1.0], [36594, 36824, 0.0], [36824, 37205, 1.0], [37205, 37348, 1.0], [37348, 37529, 1.0], [37529, 37830, 1.0], [37830, 38666, 1.0], [38666, 38795, 1.0], [38795, 39159, 1.0], [39159, 39391, 1.0], [39391, 39500, 1.0], [39500, 39631, 1.0], [39631, 39908, 1.0], [39908, 40121, 1.0], [40121, 40535, 1.0], [40535, 40838, 1.0], [40838, 40881, 1.0], [40881, 41678, 1.0], [41678, 41755, 0.0], [41755, 43419, 1.0], [43419, 43439, 0.0], [43439, 43833, 1.0], [43833, 44065, 1.0], [44065, 44736, 1.0], [44736, 44978, 1.0], [44978, 45292, 1.0], [45292, 45383, 0.0], [45383, 45680, 1.0], [45680, 45989, 1.0], [45989, 46017, 1.0], [46017, 46113, 1.0], [46113, 46134, 1.0], [46134, 46274, 1.0], [46274, 46561, 1.0], [46561, 46661, 1.0], [46661, 46894, 1.0], [46894, 47023, 0.0], [47023, 47332, 1.0], [47332, 47464, 1.0], [47464, 47814, 1.0], [47814, 47935, 1.0], [47935, 48203, 1.0], [48203, 48341, 1.0], [48341, 48437, 1.0], [48437, 48678, 1.0], [48678, 49062, 1.0], [49062, 49196, 1.0], [49196, 49506, 1.0], [49506, 49720, 1.0], [49720, 49895, 1.0], [49895, 49972, 1.0], [49972, 50089, 1.0], [50089, 50195, 1.0], [50195, 50300, 1.0], [50300, 50762, 1.0], [50762, 50949, 1.0], [50949, 51155, 1.0], [51155, 51264, 1.0], [51264, 51374, 0.0], [51374, 51570, 1.0], [51570, 52062, 1.0], [52062, 52171, 1.0], [52171, 52713, 1.0], [52713, 52964, 1.0], [52964, 52992, 0.0], [52992, 53664, 1.0], [53664, 54063, 1.0], [54063, 54198, 1.0], [54198, 54267, 1.0], [54267, 54407, 1.0], [54407, 54707, 1.0], [54707, 54924, 1.0], [54924, 55147, 0.0], [55147, 55320, 1.0], [55320, 55356, 0.0], [55356, 55436, 1.0], [55436, 55518, 0.0], [55518, 55589, 1.0], [55589, 55838, 1.0], [55838, 56207, 1.0], [56207, 57034, 1.0], [57034, 57375, 1.0], [57375, 57689, 1.0], [57689, 58161, 1.0], [58161, 58873, 1.0], [58873, 59427, 0.0], [59427, 60113, 1.0], [60113, 60202, 0.0], [60202, 60311, 1.0], [60311, 60435, 1.0], [60435, 60646, 1.0], [60646, 60782, 1.0], [60782, 60809, 1.0], [60809, 61033, 1.0], [61033, 61681, 1.0], [61681, 62225, 1.0], [62225, 62471, 1.0], [62471, 62781, 1.0], [62781, 62816, 1.0], [62816, 63152, 1.0], [63152, 63659, 1.0], [63659, 63788, 1.0], [63788, 64361, 1.0], [64361, 64568, 1.0], [64568, 64775, 1.0], [64775, 64846, 0.0], [64846, 64986, 1.0], [64986, 65167, 1.0], [65167, 65211, 1.0], [65211, 65387, 0.0], [65387, 65500, 1.0], [65500, 65764, 1.0], [65764, 65890, 1.0], [65890, 66061, 0.0], [66061, 66247, 1.0], [66247, 66308, 1.0], [66308, 66923, 1.0], [66923, 67052, 1.0], [67052, 67206, 1.0], [67206, 67694, 1.0], [67694, 67758, 0.0], [67758, 68779, 1.0], [68779, 69625, 1.0], [69625, 69665, 0.0], [69665, 70055, 1.0], [70055, 70190, 1.0], [70190, 70471, 1.0], [70471, 71595, 1.0], [71595, 71775, 1.0], [71775, 71821, 1.0], [71821, 72045, 1.0], [72045, 72199, 1.0], [72199, 72993, 1.0], [72993, 73060, 1.0], [73060, 73083, 1.0], [73083, 73289, 1.0], [73289, 73553, 1.0], [73553, 73909, 1.0], [73909, 73968, 0.0], [73968, 74130, 1.0], [74130, 74412, 0.0], [74412, 74693, 1.0], [74693, 74838, 1.0], [74838, 75423, 1.0], [75423, 75929, 1.0], [75929, 75980, 1.0], [75980, 76079, 1.0], [76079, 76228, 1.0], [76228, 76400, 1.0], [76400, 76519, 1.0], [76519, 76929, 1.0], [76929, 77025, 1.0], [77025, 77273, 1.0], [77273, 77525, 1.0], [77525, 77695, 1.0], [77695, 78127, 1.0], [78127, 78464, 1.0], [78464, 78512, 1.0], [78512, 78811, 1.0], [78811, 79719, 1.0], [79719, 79817, 1.0], [79817, 79844, 0.0], [79844, 80117, 1.0], [80117, 80570, 1.0], [80570, 80683, 1.0], [80683, 80960, 1.0], [80960, 80980, 1.0], [80980, 81254, 1.0], [81254, 81280, 1.0], [81280, 81586, 0.0], [81586, 81856, 1.0], [81856, 82056, 1.0], [82056, 82463, 1.0], [82463, 82821, 1.0], [82821, 82872, 1.0], [82872, 83401, 1.0], [83401, 83653, 1.0], [83653, 83930, 1.0], [83930, 84004, 1.0], [84004, 84185, 1.0], [84185, 84611, 1.0], [84611, 84722, 1.0], [84722, 84763, 1.0], [84763, 84786, 1.0], [84786, 84967, 1.0], [84967, 85361, 1.0], [85361, 85475, 1.0], [85475, 85589, 1.0], [85589, 85719, 1.0], [85719, 86006, 1.0], [86006, 86060, 1.0], [86060, 86407, 1.0], [86407, 86545, 1.0], [86545, 87030, 0.0], [87030, 87179, 1.0], [87179, 87205, 1.0], [87205, 87534, 1.0], [87534, 87616, 1.0], [87616, 87948, 1.0], [87948, 88112, 1.0], [88112, 88282, 1.0], [88282, 88901, 1.0], [88901, 89462, 1.0], [89462, 89896, 1.0], [89896, 90119, 1.0], [90119, 90257, 1.0], [90257, 90448, 1.0], [90448, 90516, 1.0], [90516, 90830, 1.0], [90830, 91099, 1.0], [91099, 91324, 1.0], [91324, 91475, 1.0], [91475, 91743, 1.0], [91743, 91939, 1.0], [91939, 92141, 1.0], [92141, 92384, 1.0], [92384, 92639, 1.0], [92639, 92711, 0.0], [92711, 92735, 1.0], [92735, 93052, 1.0], [93052, 93335, 1.0], [93335, 93624, 1.0], [93624, 93945, 1.0], [93945, 94288, 1.0], [94288, 94919, 1.0], [94919, 95602, 0.0], [95602, 95854, 0.0], [95854, 95967, 1.0], [95967, 96379, 1.0], [96379, 96482, 0.0], [96482, 97095, 1.0], [97095, 97331, 1.0], [97331, 97945, 1.0], [97945, 98519, 1.0], [98519, 98569, 0.0], [98569, 99129, 1.0], [99129, 99791, 0.0], [99791, 99857, 1.0], [99857, 100045, 1.0], [100045, 100459, 1.0], [100459, 100817, 0.0], [100817, 101055, 0.0], [101055, 101123, 1.0], [101123, 101251, 1.0], [101251, 101980, 1.0], [101980, 102189, 1.0], [102189, 102531, 1.0], [102531, 102720, 0.0], [102720, 102922, 1.0], [102922, 103206, 1.0], [103206, 103418, 1.0], [103418, 103504, 1.0], [103504, 103813, 1.0], [103813, 103851, 1.0], [103851, 103973, 1.0], [103973, 104135, 1.0], [104135, 104174, 1.0], [104174, 104356, 1.0], [104356, 104536, 1.0], [104536, 105181, 1.0], [105181, 105378, 1.0], [105378, 105415, 1.0], [105415, 105602, 1.0], [105602, 105749, 1.0], [105749, 105955, 1.0], [105955, 106111, 1.0], [106111, 106357, 1.0], [106357, 106372, 1.0], [106372, 106584, 1.0], [106584, 106643, 0.0], [106643, 106667, 0.0], [106667, 107283, 1.0], [107283, 107494, 1.0], [107494, 108041, 1.0], [108041, 108155, 1.0], [108155, 108899, 1.0], [108899, 108991, 1.0], [108991, 109216, 1.0], [109216, 109377, 1.0], [109377, 109751, 1.0], [109751, 109834, 1.0], [109834, 110077, 1.0], [110077, 110241, 1.0], [110241, 110352, 1.0], [110352, 110527, 1.0], [110527, 110689, 1.0], [110689, 110812, 1.0], [110812, 111153, 1.0], [111153, 111449, 1.0], [111449, 111784, 1.0], [111784, 111820, 1.0], [111820, 112439, 1.0], [112439, 112686, 1.0], [112686, 113049, 1.0], [113049, 113338, 1.0], [113338, 113471, 1.0], [113471, 113814, 1.0], [113814, 113878, 1.0], [113878, 114129, 1.0], [114129, 114391, 1.0], [114391, 114428, 1.0], [114428, 114622, 1.0], [114622, 115278, 1.0], [115278, 115401, 1.0], [115401, 116512, 1.0], [116512, 116747, 1.0], [116747, 117299, 1.0], [117299, 117320, 0.0], [117320, 118308, 0.0], [118308, 118779, 1.0], [118779, 118917, 1.0], [118917, 119079, 1.0], [119079, 119516, 0.0], [119516, 119684, 0.0], [119684, 119882, 1.0], [119882, 119963, 1.0], [119963, 120060, 1.0], [120060, 120533, 1.0], [120533, 120830, 1.0], [120830, 120885, 0.0], [120885, 121571, 1.0], [121571, 121787, 1.0], [121787, 121992, 1.0], [121992, 122110, 1.0], [122110, 122239, 1.0], [122239, 122310, 1.0], [122310, 122508, 1.0], [122508, 122561, 1.0], [122561, 122756, 1.0], [122756, 123323, 1.0], [123323, 123619, 1.0], [123619, 124289, 1.0], [124289, 124480, 1.0], [124480, 124639, 1.0], [124639, 125191, 1.0], [125191, 125606, 1.0], [125606, 125793, 1.0], [125793, 125971, 1.0], [125971, 126102, 1.0], [126102, 126379, 1.0], [126379, 126566, 1.0], [126566, 127010, 1.0], [127010, 127174, 1.0], [127174, 127558, 1.0], [127558, 127793, 1.0], [127793, 128109, 0.0], [128109, 128406, 1.0], [128406, 128590, 1.0], [128590, 128797, 1.0], [128797, 128968, 1.0], [128968, 129777, 1.0], [129777, 129914, 1.0], [129914, 130239, 1.0], [130239, 130427, 1.0], [130427, 130693, 1.0], [130693, 131354, 1.0], [131354, 131749, 1.0], [131749, 132231, 1.0], [132231, 132250, 1.0], [132250, 132380, 1.0], [132380, 132572, 1.0], [132572, 132648, 1.0], [132648, 132761, 1.0], [132761, 132832, 0.0], [132832, 133236, 1.0], [133236, 133528, 1.0], [133528, 133599, 1.0], [133599, 133780, 1.0], [133780, 133977, 1.0], [133977, 134216, 1.0], [134216, 134463, 1.0], [134463, 134582, 1.0], [134582, 134744, 0.0], [134744, 134829, 1.0], [134829, 135268, 1.0], [135268, 135689, 1.0], [135689, 135921, 1.0], [135921, 136060, 1.0], [136060, 136265, 1.0], [136265, 136625, 1.0], [136625, 136788, 1.0], [136788, 137082, 1.0], [137082, 137128, 1.0], [137128, 137373, 1.0], [137373, 137689, 1.0], [137689, 138004, 1.0], [138004, 138217, 1.0], [138217, 138438, 1.0], [138438, 139007, 1.0], [139007, 139583, 1.0], [139583, 139695, 0.0], [139695, 140085, 1.0], [140085, 140149, 0.0], [140149, 140244, 1.0], [140244, 140379, 0.0], [140379, 140674, 1.0], [140674, 140759, 0.0], [140759, 141179, 1.0], [141179, 141246, 0.0], [141246, 141569, 1.0], [141569, 141644, 0.0], [141644, 142103, 1.0], [142103, 142229, 1.0], [142229, 142357, 1.0], [142357, 143197, 0.0], [143197, 143508, 1.0], [143508, 143590, 0.0], [143590, 143760, 1.0], [143760, 143934, 1.0], [143934, 144253, 1.0], [144253, 144411, 1.0], [144411, 144528, 1.0], [144528, 144577, 0.0], [144577, 145209, 1.0], [145209, 145306, 1.0], [145306, 145523, 1.0], [145523, 145884, 1.0], [145884, 146300, 1.0], [146300, 147507, 1.0], [147507, 147763, 1.0], [147763, 147976, 1.0], [147976, 148088, 1.0], [148088, 148102, 1.0], [148102, 148219, 1.0], [148219, 148440, 1.0], [148440, 148673, 0.0], [148673, 148868, 1.0], [148868, 148917, 1.0], [148917, 149337, 1.0], [149337, 149790, 1.0], [149790, 151379, 1.0], [151379, 151564, 1.0], [151564, 151636, 1.0], [151636, 152144, 1.0], [152144, 152922, 1.0], [152922, 153095, 1.0], [153095, 153203, 1.0], [153203, 153391, 1.0], [153391, 153471, 0.0], [153471, 154431, 0.0], [154431, 154565, 1.0], [154565, 154806, 1.0], [154806, 155313, 1.0], [155313, 155954, 1.0], [155954, 156324, 1.0], [156324, 156694, 1.0], [156694, 156756, 1.0], [156756, 157234, 1.0], [157234, 157627, 1.0], [157627, 158272, 1.0], [158272, 158476, 1.0], [158476, 159354, 1.0], [159354, 160294, 1.0], [160294, 160665, 1.0], [160665, 160898, 1.0], [160898, 161211, 1.0], [161211, 161354, 1.0], [161354, 161875, 1.0], [161875, 161891, 1.0], [161891, 162018, 1.0], [162018, 162172, 1.0], [162172, 162511, 1.0], [162511, 162651, 1.0], [162651, 163027, 1.0], [163027, 163197, 1.0], [163197, 163463, 1.0], [163463, 163559, 0.0], [163559, 163789, 1.0], [163789, 164013, 1.0], [164013, 164215, 1.0], [164215, 164938, 1.0], [164938, 165969, 1.0], [165969, 166056, 1.0], [166056, 166494, 1.0], [166494, 166601, 0.0], [166601, 166768, 0.0], [166768, 166902, 1.0], [166902, 167210, 0.0], [167210, 167888, 1.0], [167888, 167985, 1.0], [167985, 168604, 1.0], [168604, 168762, 1.0], [168762, 169401, 1.0], [169401, 169909, 1.0], [169909, 169950, 1.0], [169950, 170687, 1.0], [170687, 170743, 1.0], [170743, 170897, 1.0], [170897, 171400, 1.0], [171400, 172260, 1.0], [172260, 172937, 0.0], [172937, 173079, 1.0], [173079, 173180, 1.0], [173180, 173378, 1.0], [173378, 173950, 1.0], [173950, 174216, 1.0], [174216, 174434, 1.0], [174434, 174876, 1.0], [174876, 175288, 1.0], [175288, 175615, 1.0], [175615, 176047, 1.0], [176047, 176401, 1.0], [176401, 176530, 1.0], [176530, 176646, 1.0], [176646, 176813, 0.0], [176813, 176970, 1.0], [176970, 177280, 0.0], [177280, 177578, 1.0], [177578, 177849, 1.0], [177849, 178194, 1.0], [178194, 178290, 1.0], [178290, 178443, 0.0], [178443, 178522, 1.0], [178522, 178708, 1.0], [178708, 179237, 1.0], [179237, 179277, 1.0], [179277, 179369, 1.0], [179369, 179388, 1.0], [179388, 179473, 1.0], [179473, 179492, 1.0], [179492, 180120, 1.0], [180120, 180220, 1.0], [180220, 180434, 0.0], [180434, 180793, 1.0], [180793, 180940, 1.0], [180940, 181300, 1.0], [181300, 181489, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 169, 0.0], [169, 303, 0.0], [303, 316, 0.0], [316, 1204, 0.0], [1204, 1911, 0.0], [1911, 2554, 0.0], [2554, 3102, 0.0], [3102, 3513, 0.0], [3513, 3715, 0.0], [3715, 3725, 0.0], [3725, 3749, 0.0], [3749, 3807, 0.0], [3807, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4758, 0.0], [4758, 5049, 0.0], [5049, 5251, 0.0], [5251, 5703, 0.0], [5703, 5776, 0.0], [5776, 6023, 0.0], [6023, 6327, 0.0], [6327, 6619, 0.0], [6619, 7095, 0.0], [7095, 7110, 0.0], [7110, 7415, 0.0], [7415, 7476, 0.0], [7476, 8405, 0.0], [8405, 8468, 0.0], [8468, 8633, 0.0], [8633, 9209, 0.0], [9209, 9341, 0.0], [9341, 9529, 0.0], [9529, 9583, 0.0], [9583, 9749, 0.0], [9749, 9921, 0.0], [9921, 10021, 0.0], [10021, 10143, 0.0], [10143, 10435, 0.0], [10435, 10537, 0.0], [10537, 10787, 0.0], [10787, 10885, 0.0], [10885, 10982, 0.0], [10982, 11273, 0.0], [11273, 11442, 0.0], [11442, 11674, 0.0], [11674, 11803, 0.0], [11803, 12053, 0.0], [12053, 12543, 0.0], [12543, 13018, 0.0], [13018, 13301, 0.0], [13301, 13573, 0.0], [13573, 13664, 0.0], [13664, 14103, 0.0], [14103, 14216, 0.0], [14216, 15242, 0.0], [15242, 15687, 0.0], [15687, 16138, 0.0], [16138, 16227, 0.0], [16227, 16470, 0.0], [16470, 16485, 0.0], [16485, 16582, 0.0], [16582, 18191, 0.0], [18191, 20066, 0.0], [20066, 20401, 0.0], [20401, 20554, 0.0], [20554, 20721, 0.0], [20721, 20937, 0.0], [20937, 21203, 0.0], [21203, 21470, 0.0], [21470, 21817, 0.0], [21817, 22119, 0.0], [22119, 22265, 0.0], [22265, 23119, 0.0], [23119, 23195, 0.0], [23195, 23818, 0.0], [23818, 24025, 0.0], [24025, 25304, 0.0], [25304, 25442, 0.0], [25442, 25732, 0.0], [25732, 25785, 0.0], [25785, 25934, 0.0], [25934, 26303, 0.0], [26303, 26779, 0.0], [26779, 27694, 0.0], [27694, 28092, 0.0], [28092, 28280, 0.0], [28280, 28348, 0.0], [28348, 28488, 0.0], [28488, 28688, 0.0], [28688, 28928, 0.0], [28928, 29116, 0.0], [29116, 29477, 0.0], [29477, 29658, 0.0], [29658, 30000, 0.0], [30000, 30172, 0.0], [30172, 30429, 0.0], [30429, 30588, 0.0], [30588, 30919, 0.0], [30919, 31092, 0.0], [31092, 31370, 0.0], [31370, 31517, 0.0], [31517, 31559, 0.0], [31559, 32181, 0.0], [32181, 32236, 0.0], [32236, 32311, 0.0], [32311, 32590, 0.0], [32590, 33085, 0.0], [33085, 33226, 0.0], [33226, 33409, 0.0], [33409, 33919, 0.0], [33919, 34160, 0.0], [34160, 34347, 0.0], [34347, 34733, 0.0], [34733, 34744, 0.0], [34744, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34972, 0.0], [34972, 35092, 0.0], [35092, 35133, 0.0], [35133, 35237, 0.0], [35237, 35287, 0.0], [35287, 35437, 0.0], [35437, 35808, 0.0], [35808, 36141, 0.0], [36141, 36594, 0.0], [36594, 36824, 0.0], [36824, 37205, 0.0], [37205, 37348, 0.0], [37348, 37529, 0.0], [37529, 37830, 0.0], [37830, 38666, 0.0], [38666, 38795, 0.0], [38795, 39159, 0.0], [39159, 39391, 0.0], [39391, 39500, 0.0], [39500, 39631, 0.0], [39631, 39908, 0.0], [39908, 40121, 0.0], [40121, 40535, 0.0], [40535, 40838, 0.0], [40838, 40881, 0.0], [40881, 41678, 0.0], [41678, 41755, 0.0], [41755, 43419, 0.0], [43419, 43439, 0.0], [43439, 43833, 0.0], [43833, 44065, 0.0], [44065, 44736, 0.0], [44736, 44978, 0.0], [44978, 45292, 0.0], [45292, 45383, 0.0], [45383, 45680, 0.0], [45680, 45989, 0.0], [45989, 46017, 0.0], [46017, 46113, 0.0], [46113, 46134, 0.0], [46134, 46274, 0.0], [46274, 46561, 0.0], [46561, 46661, 0.0], [46661, 46894, 0.0], [46894, 47023, 0.0], [47023, 47332, 0.0], [47332, 47464, 0.0], [47464, 47814, 0.0], [47814, 47935, 0.0], [47935, 48203, 0.0], [48203, 48341, 0.0], [48341, 48437, 0.0], [48437, 48678, 0.0], [48678, 49062, 0.0], [49062, 49196, 0.0], [49196, 49506, 0.0], [49506, 49720, 0.0], [49720, 49895, 0.0], [49895, 49972, 0.0], [49972, 50089, 0.0], [50089, 50195, 0.0], [50195, 50300, 0.0], [50300, 50762, 0.0], [50762, 50949, 0.0], [50949, 51155, 0.0], [51155, 51264, 0.0], [51264, 51374, 0.0], [51374, 51570, 0.0], [51570, 52062, 0.0], [52062, 52171, 0.0], [52171, 52713, 0.0], [52713, 52964, 0.0], [52964, 52992, 0.0], [52992, 53664, 0.0], [53664, 54063, 0.0], [54063, 54198, 0.0], [54198, 54267, 0.0], [54267, 54407, 0.0], [54407, 54707, 0.0], [54707, 54924, 0.0], [54924, 55147, 0.0], [55147, 55320, 0.0], [55320, 55356, 0.0], [55356, 55436, 0.0], [55436, 55518, 0.0], [55518, 55589, 0.0], [55589, 55838, 0.0], [55838, 56207, 0.0], [56207, 57034, 0.0], [57034, 57375, 0.0], [57375, 57689, 0.0], [57689, 58161, 0.0], [58161, 58873, 0.0], [58873, 59427, 0.0], [59427, 60113, 0.0], [60113, 60202, 0.0], [60202, 60311, 0.0], [60311, 60435, 0.0], [60435, 60646, 0.0], [60646, 60782, 0.0], [60782, 60809, 0.0], [60809, 61033, 0.0], [61033, 61681, 0.0], [61681, 62225, 0.0], [62225, 62471, 0.0], [62471, 62781, 0.0], [62781, 62816, 0.0], [62816, 63152, 0.0], [63152, 63659, 0.0], [63659, 63788, 0.0], [63788, 64361, 0.0], [64361, 64568, 0.0], [64568, 64775, 0.0], [64775, 64846, 0.0], [64846, 64986, 0.0], [64986, 65167, 0.0], [65167, 65211, 0.0], [65211, 65387, 0.0], [65387, 65500, 0.0], [65500, 65764, 0.0], [65764, 65890, 0.0], [65890, 66061, 0.0], [66061, 66247, 0.0], [66247, 66308, 0.0], [66308, 66923, 0.0], [66923, 67052, 0.0], [67052, 67206, 0.0], [67206, 67694, 0.0], [67694, 67758, 0.0], [67758, 68779, 0.0], [68779, 69625, 0.0], [69625, 69665, 0.0], [69665, 70055, 0.0], [70055, 70190, 0.0], [70190, 70471, 0.0], [70471, 71595, 0.0], [71595, 71775, 0.0], [71775, 71821, 0.0], [71821, 72045, 0.0], [72045, 72199, 0.0], [72199, 72993, 0.0], [72993, 73060, 0.0], [73060, 73083, 0.0], [73083, 73289, 0.0], [73289, 73553, 0.0], [73553, 73909, 0.0], [73909, 73968, 0.0], [73968, 74130, 0.0], [74130, 74412, 0.0], [74412, 74693, 0.0], [74693, 74838, 0.0], [74838, 75423, 0.0], [75423, 75929, 0.0], [75929, 75980, 0.0], [75980, 76079, 0.0], [76079, 76228, 0.0], [76228, 76400, 0.0], [76400, 76519, 0.0], [76519, 76929, 0.0], [76929, 77025, 0.0], [77025, 77273, 0.0], [77273, 77525, 0.0], [77525, 77695, 0.0], [77695, 78127, 0.0], [78127, 78464, 0.0], [78464, 78512, 0.0], [78512, 78811, 0.0], [78811, 79719, 0.0], [79719, 79817, 0.0], [79817, 79844, 0.0], [79844, 80117, 0.0], [80117, 80570, 0.0], [80570, 80683, 0.0], [80683, 80960, 0.0], [80960, 80980, 0.0], [80980, 81254, 0.0], [81254, 81280, 0.0], [81280, 81586, 0.0], [81586, 81856, 0.0], [81856, 82056, 0.0], [82056, 82463, 0.0], [82463, 82821, 0.0], [82821, 82872, 0.0], [82872, 83401, 0.0], [83401, 83653, 0.0], [83653, 83930, 0.0], [83930, 84004, 0.0], [84004, 84185, 0.0], [84185, 84611, 0.0], [84611, 84722, 0.0], [84722, 84763, 0.0], [84763, 84786, 0.0], [84786, 84967, 0.0], [84967, 85361, 0.0], [85361, 85475, 0.0], [85475, 85589, 0.0], [85589, 85719, 0.0], [85719, 86006, 0.0], [86006, 86060, 0.0], [86060, 86407, 0.0], [86407, 86545, 0.0], [86545, 87030, 0.0], [87030, 87179, 0.0], [87179, 87205, 0.0], [87205, 87534, 0.0], [87534, 87616, 0.0], [87616, 87948, 0.0], [87948, 88112, 0.0], [88112, 88282, 0.0], [88282, 88901, 0.0], [88901, 89462, 0.0], [89462, 89896, 0.0], [89896, 90119, 0.0], [90119, 90257, 0.0], [90257, 90448, 0.0], [90448, 90516, 0.0], [90516, 90830, 0.0], [90830, 91099, 0.0], [91099, 91324, 0.0], [91324, 91475, 0.0], [91475, 91743, 0.0], [91743, 91939, 0.0], [91939, 92141, 0.0], [92141, 92384, 0.0], [92384, 92639, 0.0], [92639, 92711, 0.0], [92711, 92735, 0.0], [92735, 93052, 0.0], [93052, 93335, 0.0], [93335, 93624, 0.0], [93624, 93945, 0.0], [93945, 94288, 0.0], [94288, 94919, 0.0], [94919, 95602, 0.0], [95602, 95854, 0.0], [95854, 95967, 0.0], [95967, 96379, 0.0], [96379, 96482, 0.0], [96482, 97095, 0.0], [97095, 97331, 0.0], [97331, 97945, 0.0], [97945, 98519, 0.0], [98519, 98569, 0.0], [98569, 99129, 0.0], [99129, 99791, 0.0], [99791, 99857, 0.0], [99857, 100045, 0.0], [100045, 100459, 0.0], [100459, 100817, 0.0], [100817, 101055, 0.0], [101055, 101123, 0.0], [101123, 101251, 0.0], [101251, 101980, 0.0], [101980, 102189, 0.0], [102189, 102531, 0.0], [102531, 102720, 0.0], [102720, 102922, 0.0], [102922, 103206, 0.0], [103206, 103418, 0.0], [103418, 103504, 0.0], [103504, 103813, 0.0], [103813, 103851, 0.0], [103851, 103973, 0.0], [103973, 104135, 0.0], [104135, 104174, 0.0], [104174, 104356, 0.0], [104356, 104536, 0.0], [104536, 105181, 0.0], [105181, 105378, 0.0], [105378, 105415, 0.0], [105415, 105602, 0.0], [105602, 105749, 0.0], [105749, 105955, 0.0], [105955, 106111, 0.0], [106111, 106357, 0.0], [106357, 106372, 0.0], [106372, 106584, 0.0], [106584, 106643, 0.0], [106643, 106667, 0.0], [106667, 107283, 0.0], [107283, 107494, 0.0], [107494, 108041, 0.0], [108041, 108155, 0.0], [108155, 108899, 0.0], [108899, 108991, 0.0], [108991, 109216, 0.0], [109216, 109377, 0.0], [109377, 109751, 0.0], [109751, 109834, 0.0], [109834, 110077, 0.0], [110077, 110241, 0.0], [110241, 110352, 0.0], [110352, 110527, 0.0], [110527, 110689, 0.0], [110689, 110812, 0.0], [110812, 111153, 0.0], [111153, 111449, 0.0], [111449, 111784, 0.0], [111784, 111820, 0.0], [111820, 112439, 0.0], [112439, 112686, 0.0], [112686, 113049, 0.0], [113049, 113338, 0.0], [113338, 113471, 0.0], [113471, 113814, 0.0], [113814, 113878, 0.0], [113878, 114129, 0.0], [114129, 114391, 0.0], [114391, 114428, 0.0], [114428, 114622, 0.0], [114622, 115278, 0.0], [115278, 115401, 0.0], [115401, 116512, 0.0], [116512, 116747, 0.0], [116747, 117299, 0.0], [117299, 117320, 0.0], [117320, 118308, 0.0], [118308, 118779, 0.0], [118779, 118917, 0.0], [118917, 119079, 0.0], [119079, 119516, 0.0], [119516, 119684, 0.0], [119684, 119882, 0.0], [119882, 119963, 0.0], [119963, 120060, 0.0], [120060, 120533, 0.0], [120533, 120830, 0.0], [120830, 120885, 0.0], [120885, 121571, 0.0], [121571, 121787, 0.0], [121787, 121992, 0.0], [121992, 122110, 0.0], [122110, 122239, 0.0], [122239, 122310, 0.0], [122310, 122508, 0.0], [122508, 122561, 0.0], [122561, 122756, 0.0], [122756, 123323, 0.0], [123323, 123619, 0.0], [123619, 124289, 0.0], [124289, 124480, 0.0], [124480, 124639, 0.0], [124639, 125191, 0.0], [125191, 125606, 0.0], [125606, 125793, 0.0], [125793, 125971, 0.0], [125971, 126102, 0.0], [126102, 126379, 0.0], [126379, 126566, 0.0], [126566, 127010, 0.0], [127010, 127174, 0.0], [127174, 127558, 0.0], [127558, 127793, 0.0], [127793, 128109, 0.0], [128109, 128406, 0.0], [128406, 128590, 0.0], [128590, 128797, 0.0], [128797, 128968, 0.0], [128968, 129777, 0.0], [129777, 129914, 0.0], [129914, 130239, 0.0], [130239, 130427, 0.0], [130427, 130693, 0.0], [130693, 131354, 0.0], [131354, 131749, 0.0], [131749, 132231, 0.0], [132231, 132250, 0.0], [132250, 132380, 0.0], [132380, 132572, 0.0], [132572, 132648, 0.0], [132648, 132761, 0.0], [132761, 132832, 0.0], [132832, 133236, 0.0], [133236, 133528, 0.0], [133528, 133599, 0.0], [133599, 133780, 0.0], [133780, 133977, 0.0], [133977, 134216, 0.0], [134216, 134463, 0.0], [134463, 134582, 0.0], [134582, 134744, 0.0], [134744, 134829, 0.0], [134829, 135268, 0.0], [135268, 135689, 0.0], [135689, 135921, 0.0], [135921, 136060, 0.0], [136060, 136265, 0.0], [136265, 136625, 0.0], [136625, 136788, 0.0], [136788, 137082, 0.0], [137082, 137128, 0.0], [137128, 137373, 0.0], [137373, 137689, 0.0], [137689, 138004, 0.0], [138004, 138217, 0.0], [138217, 138438, 0.0], [138438, 139007, 0.0], [139007, 139583, 0.0], [139583, 139695, 0.0], [139695, 140085, 0.0], [140085, 140149, 0.0], [140149, 140244, 0.0], [140244, 140379, 0.0], [140379, 140674, 0.0], [140674, 140759, 0.0], [140759, 141179, 0.0], [141179, 141246, 0.0], [141246, 141569, 0.0], [141569, 141644, 0.0], [141644, 142103, 0.0], [142103, 142229, 0.0], [142229, 142357, 0.0], [142357, 143197, 0.0], [143197, 143508, 0.0], [143508, 143590, 0.0], [143590, 143760, 0.0], [143760, 143934, 0.0], [143934, 144253, 0.0], [144253, 144411, 0.0], [144411, 144528, 0.0], [144528, 144577, 0.0], [144577, 145209, 0.0], [145209, 145306, 0.0], [145306, 145523, 0.0], [145523, 145884, 0.0], [145884, 146300, 0.0], [146300, 147507, 0.0], [147507, 147763, 0.0], [147763, 147976, 0.0], [147976, 148088, 0.0], [148088, 148102, 0.0], [148102, 148219, 0.0], [148219, 148440, 0.0], [148440, 148673, 0.0], [148673, 148868, 0.0], [148868, 148917, 0.0], [148917, 149337, 0.0], [149337, 149790, 0.0], [149790, 151379, 0.0], [151379, 151564, 0.0], [151564, 151636, 0.0], [151636, 152144, 0.0], [152144, 152922, 0.0], [152922, 153095, 0.0], [153095, 153203, 0.0], [153203, 153391, 0.0], [153391, 153471, 0.0], [153471, 154431, 0.0], [154431, 154565, 0.0], [154565, 154806, 0.0], [154806, 155313, 0.0], [155313, 155954, 0.0], [155954, 156324, 0.0], [156324, 156694, 0.0], [156694, 156756, 0.0], [156756, 157234, 0.0], [157234, 157627, 0.0], [157627, 158272, 0.0], [158272, 158476, 0.0], [158476, 159354, 0.0], [159354, 160294, 0.0], [160294, 160665, 0.0], [160665, 160898, 0.0], [160898, 161211, 0.0], [161211, 161354, 0.0], [161354, 161875, 0.0], [161875, 161891, 0.0], [161891, 162018, 0.0], [162018, 162172, 0.0], [162172, 162511, 0.0], [162511, 162651, 0.0], [162651, 163027, 0.0], [163027, 163197, 0.0], [163197, 163463, 0.0], [163463, 163559, 0.0], [163559, 163789, 0.0], [163789, 164013, 0.0], [164013, 164215, 0.0], [164215, 164938, 0.0], [164938, 165969, 0.0], [165969, 166056, 0.0], [166056, 166494, 0.0], [166494, 166601, 0.0], [166601, 166768, 0.0], [166768, 166902, 0.0], [166902, 167210, 0.0], [167210, 167888, 0.0], [167888, 167985, 0.0], [167985, 168604, 0.0], [168604, 168762, 0.0], [168762, 169401, 0.0], [169401, 169909, 0.0], [169909, 169950, 0.0], [169950, 170687, 0.0], [170687, 170743, 0.0], [170743, 170897, 0.0], [170897, 171400, 0.0], [171400, 172260, 0.0], [172260, 172937, 0.0], [172937, 173079, 0.0], [173079, 173180, 0.0], [173180, 173378, 0.0], [173378, 173950, 0.0], [173950, 174216, 0.0], [174216, 174434, 0.0], [174434, 174876, 0.0], [174876, 175288, 0.0], [175288, 175615, 0.0], [175615, 176047, 0.0], [176047, 176401, 0.0], [176401, 176530, 0.0], [176530, 176646, 0.0], [176646, 176813, 0.0], [176813, 176970, 0.0], [176970, 177280, 0.0], [177280, 177578, 0.0], [177578, 177849, 0.0], [177849, 178194, 0.0], [178194, 178290, 0.0], [178290, 178443, 0.0], [178443, 178522, 0.0], [178522, 178708, 0.0], [178708, 179237, 0.0], [179237, 179277, 0.0], [179277, 179369, 0.0], [179369, 179388, 0.0], [179388, 179473, 0.0], [179473, 179492, 0.0], [179492, 180120, 0.0], [180120, 180220, 0.0], [180220, 180434, 0.0], [180434, 180793, 0.0], [180793, 180940, 0.0], [180940, 181300, 0.0], [181300, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 15, 4.0], [15, 169, 20.0], [169, 303, 17.0], [303, 316, 2.0], [316, 1204, 131.0], [1204, 1911, 99.0], [1911, 2554, 97.0], [2554, 3102, 83.0], [3102, 3513, 59.0], [3513, 3715, 31.0], [3715, 3725, 1.0], [3725, 3749, 4.0], [3749, 3807, 10.0], [3807, 4167, 53.0], [4167, 4758, 90.0], [4758, 5049, 38.0], [5049, 5251, 17.0], [5251, 5703, 76.0], [5703, 5776, 10.0], [5776, 6023, 24.0], [6023, 6327, 39.0], [6327, 6619, 47.0], [6619, 7095, 68.0], [7095, 7110, 3.0], [7110, 7415, 49.0], [7415, 7476, 11.0], [7476, 8405, 131.0], [8405, 8468, 12.0], [8468, 8633, 25.0], [8633, 9209, 78.0], [9209, 9341, 17.0], [9341, 9529, 26.0], [9529, 9583, 6.0], [9583, 9749, 26.0], [9749, 9921, 25.0], [9921, 10021, 17.0], [10021, 10143, 18.0], [10143, 10435, 41.0], [10435, 10537, 13.0], [10537, 10787, 40.0], [10787, 10885, 14.0], [10885, 10982, 16.0], [10982, 11273, 40.0], [11273, 11442, 28.0], [11442, 11674, 36.0], [11674, 11803, 20.0], [11803, 12053, 39.0], [12053, 12543, 80.0], [12543, 13018, 75.0], [13018, 13301, 42.0], [13301, 13573, 36.0], [13573, 13664, 12.0], [13664, 14103, 63.0], [14103, 14216, 16.0], [14216, 15242, 150.0], [15242, 15687, 70.0], [15687, 16138, 67.0], [16138, 16227, 15.0], [16227, 16470, 35.0], [16470, 16485, 4.0], [16485, 16582, 17.0], [16582, 18191, 243.0], [18191, 20066, 279.0], [20066, 20401, 47.0], [20401, 20554, 24.0], [20554, 20721, 23.0], [20721, 20937, 31.0], [20937, 21203, 39.0], [21203, 21470, 39.0], [21470, 21817, 54.0], [21817, 22119, 39.0], [22119, 22265, 23.0], [22265, 23119, 128.0], [23119, 23195, 13.0], [23195, 23818, 100.0], [23818, 24025, 32.0], [24025, 25304, 179.0], [25304, 25442, 25.0], [25442, 25732, 41.0], [25732, 25785, 9.0], [25785, 25934, 21.0], [25934, 26303, 60.0], [26303, 26779, 68.0], [26779, 27694, 132.0], [27694, 28092, 57.0], [28092, 28280, 30.0], [28280, 28348, 10.0], [28348, 28488, 23.0], [28488, 28688, 29.0], [28688, 28928, 36.0], [28928, 29116, 32.0], [29116, 29477, 54.0], [29477, 29658, 28.0], [29658, 30000, 59.0], [30000, 30172, 27.0], [30172, 30429, 45.0], [30429, 30588, 23.0], [30588, 30919, 51.0], [30919, 31092, 25.0], [31092, 31370, 45.0], [31370, 31517, 23.0], [31517, 31559, 6.0], [31559, 32181, 106.0], [32181, 32236, 9.0], [32236, 32311, 8.0], [32311, 32590, 49.0], [32590, 33085, 77.0], [33085, 33226, 22.0], [33226, 33409, 28.0], [33409, 33919, 74.0], [33919, 34160, 32.0], [34160, 34347, 29.0], [34347, 34733, 56.0], [34733, 34744, 3.0], [34744, 34901, 26.0], [34901, 34972, 12.0], [34972, 35092, 17.0], [35092, 35133, 8.0], [35133, 35237, 17.0], [35237, 35287, 10.0], [35287, 35437, 26.0], [35437, 35808, 68.0], [35808, 36141, 48.0], [36141, 36594, 70.0], [36594, 36824, 32.0], [36824, 37205, 66.0], [37205, 37348, 25.0], [37348, 37529, 25.0], [37529, 37830, 47.0], [37830, 38666, 131.0], [38666, 38795, 19.0], [38795, 39159, 57.0], [39159, 39391, 35.0], [39391, 39500, 18.0], [39500, 39631, 18.0], [39631, 39908, 42.0], [39908, 40121, 30.0], [40121, 40535, 65.0], [40535, 40838, 50.0], [40838, 40881, 10.0], [40881, 41678, 115.0], [41678, 41755, 11.0], [41755, 43419, 233.0], [43419, 43439, 3.0], [43439, 43833, 59.0], [43833, 44065, 37.0], [44065, 44736, 98.0], [44736, 44978, 35.0], [44978, 45292, 56.0], [45292, 45383, 13.0], [45383, 45680, 56.0], [45680, 45989, 45.0], [45989, 46017, 8.0], [46017, 46113, 14.0], [46113, 46134, 6.0], [46134, 46274, 24.0], [46274, 46561, 42.0], [46561, 46661, 13.0], [46661, 46894, 36.0], [46894, 47023, 20.0], [47023, 47332, 51.0], [47332, 47464, 19.0], [47464, 47814, 58.0], [47814, 47935, 22.0], [47935, 48203, 43.0], [48203, 48341, 22.0], [48341, 48437, 16.0], [48437, 48678, 37.0], [48678, 49062, 68.0], [49062, 49196, 21.0], [49196, 49506, 45.0], [49506, 49720, 29.0], [49720, 49895, 24.0], [49895, 49972, 11.0], [49972, 50089, 14.0], [50089, 50195, 17.0], [50195, 50300, 15.0], [50300, 50762, 69.0], [50762, 50949, 26.0], [50949, 51155, 33.0], [51155, 51264, 18.0], [51264, 51374, 16.0], [51374, 51570, 32.0], [51570, 52062, 78.0], [52062, 52171, 18.0], [52171, 52713, 81.0], [52713, 52964, 40.0], [52964, 52992, 5.0], [52992, 53664, 104.0], [53664, 54063, 57.0], [54063, 54198, 25.0], [54198, 54267, 12.0], [54267, 54407, 22.0], [54407, 54707, 40.0], [54707, 54924, 34.0], [54924, 55147, 29.0], [55147, 55320, 28.0], [55320, 55356, 4.0], [55356, 55436, 15.0], [55436, 55518, 12.0], [55518, 55589, 13.0], [55589, 55838, 39.0], [55838, 56207, 57.0], [56207, 57034, 126.0], [57034, 57375, 50.0], [57375, 57689, 47.0], [57689, 58161, 66.0], [58161, 58873, 107.0], [58873, 59427, 84.0], [59427, 60113, 109.0], [60113, 60202, 14.0], [60202, 60311, 19.0], [60311, 60435, 19.0], [60435, 60646, 39.0], [60646, 60782, 19.0], [60782, 60809, 5.0], [60809, 61033, 28.0], [61033, 61681, 93.0], [61681, 62225, 78.0], [62225, 62471, 34.0], [62471, 62781, 42.0], [62781, 62816, 8.0], [62816, 63152, 48.0], [63152, 63659, 80.0], [63659, 63788, 18.0], [63788, 64361, 87.0], [64361, 64568, 31.0], [64568, 64775, 27.0], [64775, 64846, 10.0], [64846, 64986, 23.0], [64986, 65167, 25.0], [65167, 65211, 7.0], [65211, 65387, 27.0], [65387, 65500, 13.0], [65500, 65764, 40.0], [65764, 65890, 19.0], [65890, 66061, 20.0], [66061, 66247, 25.0], [66247, 66308, 10.0], [66308, 66923, 101.0], [66923, 67052, 17.0], [67052, 67206, 22.0], [67206, 67694, 71.0], [67694, 67758, 9.0], [67758, 68779, 148.0], [68779, 69625, 121.0], [69625, 69665, 5.0], [69665, 70055, 61.0], [70055, 70190, 19.0], [70190, 70471, 40.0], [70471, 71595, 169.0], [71595, 71775, 27.0], [71775, 71821, 9.0], [71821, 72045, 39.0], [72045, 72199, 25.0], [72199, 72993, 120.0], [72993, 73060, 12.0], [73060, 73083, 5.0], [73083, 73289, 33.0], [73289, 73553, 38.0], [73553, 73909, 58.0], [73909, 73968, 9.0], [73968, 74130, 24.0], [74130, 74412, 45.0], [74412, 74693, 44.0], [74693, 74838, 26.0], [74838, 75423, 89.0], [75423, 75929, 78.0], [75929, 75980, 9.0], [75980, 76079, 16.0], [76079, 76228, 21.0], [76228, 76400, 24.0], [76400, 76519, 19.0], [76519, 76929, 62.0], [76929, 77025, 16.0], [77025, 77273, 37.0], [77273, 77525, 42.0], [77525, 77695, 23.0], [77695, 78127, 63.0], [78127, 78464, 49.0], [78464, 78512, 9.0], [78512, 78811, 42.0], [78811, 79719, 141.0], [79719, 79817, 15.0], [79817, 79844, 5.0], [79844, 80117, 42.0], [80117, 80570, 73.0], [80570, 80683, 20.0], [80683, 80960, 49.0], [80960, 80980, 4.0], [80980, 81254, 46.0], [81254, 81280, 5.0], [81280, 81586, 46.0], [81586, 81856, 49.0], [81856, 82056, 29.0], [82056, 82463, 64.0], [82463, 82821, 56.0], [82821, 82872, 10.0], [82872, 83401, 84.0], [83401, 83653, 40.0], [83653, 83930, 43.0], [83930, 84004, 12.0], [84004, 84185, 34.0], [84185, 84611, 65.0], [84611, 84722, 14.0], [84722, 84763, 7.0], [84763, 84786, 4.0], [84786, 84967, 31.0], [84967, 85361, 62.0], [85361, 85475, 19.0], [85475, 85589, 16.0], [85589, 85719, 20.0], [85719, 86006, 47.0], [86006, 86060, 8.0], [86060, 86407, 56.0], [86407, 86545, 22.0], [86545, 87030, 76.0], [87030, 87179, 24.0], [87179, 87205, 5.0], [87205, 87534, 53.0], [87534, 87616, 17.0], [87616, 87948, 53.0], [87948, 88112, 25.0], [88112, 88282, 30.0], [88282, 88901, 99.0], [88901, 89462, 83.0], [89462, 89896, 61.0], [89896, 90119, 37.0], [90119, 90257, 24.0], [90257, 90448, 32.0], [90448, 90516, 11.0], [90516, 90830, 47.0], [90830, 91099, 48.0], [91099, 91324, 33.0], [91324, 91475, 20.0], [91475, 91743, 30.0], [91743, 91939, 24.0], [91939, 92141, 25.0], [92141, 92384, 33.0], [92384, 92639, 37.0], [92639, 92711, 14.0], [92711, 92735, 5.0], [92735, 93052, 52.0], [93052, 93335, 47.0], [93335, 93624, 51.0], [93624, 93945, 50.0], [93945, 94288, 41.0], [94288, 94919, 99.0], [94919, 95602, 86.0], [95602, 95854, 26.0], [95854, 95967, 14.0], [95967, 96379, 64.0], [96379, 96482, 16.0], [96482, 97095, 97.0], [97095, 97331, 22.0], [97331, 97945, 92.0], [97945, 98519, 87.0], [98519, 98569, 6.0], [98569, 99129, 76.0], [99129, 99791, 97.0], [99791, 99857, 12.0], [99857, 100045, 27.0], [100045, 100459, 62.0], [100459, 100817, 47.0], [100817, 101055, 26.0], [101055, 101123, 8.0], [101123, 101251, 16.0], [101251, 101980, 83.0], [101980, 102189, 30.0], [102189, 102531, 43.0], [102531, 102720, 27.0], [102720, 102922, 29.0], [102922, 103206, 38.0], [103206, 103418, 38.0], [103418, 103504, 14.0], [103504, 103813, 45.0], [103813, 103851, 7.0], [103851, 103973, 18.0], [103973, 104135, 26.0], [104135, 104174, 6.0], [104174, 104356, 27.0], [104356, 104536, 26.0], [104536, 105181, 89.0], [105181, 105378, 28.0], [105378, 105415, 7.0], [105415, 105602, 33.0], [105602, 105749, 24.0], [105749, 105955, 27.0], [105955, 106111, 19.0], [106111, 106357, 36.0], [106357, 106372, 4.0], [106372, 106584, 33.0], [106584, 106643, 8.0], [106643, 106667, 5.0], [106667, 107283, 85.0], [107283, 107494, 31.0], [107494, 108041, 84.0], [108041, 108155, 19.0], [108155, 108899, 104.0], [108899, 108991, 14.0], [108991, 109216, 34.0], [109216, 109377, 21.0], [109377, 109751, 57.0], [109751, 109834, 11.0], [109834, 110077, 36.0], [110077, 110241, 24.0], [110241, 110352, 17.0], [110352, 110527, 24.0], [110527, 110689, 24.0], [110689, 110812, 18.0], [110812, 111153, 56.0], [111153, 111449, 44.0], [111449, 111784, 47.0], [111784, 111820, 6.0], [111820, 112439, 80.0], [112439, 112686, 36.0], [112686, 113049, 56.0], [113049, 113338, 42.0], [113338, 113471, 18.0], [113471, 113814, 51.0], [113814, 113878, 10.0], [113878, 114129, 34.0], [114129, 114391, 33.0], [114391, 114428, 7.0], [114428, 114622, 28.0], [114622, 115278, 91.0], [115278, 115401, 18.0], [115401, 116512, 169.0], [116512, 116747, 37.0], [116747, 117299, 80.0], [117299, 117320, 3.0], [117320, 118308, 150.0], [118308, 118779, 71.0], [118779, 118917, 19.0], [118917, 119079, 23.0], [119079, 119516, 61.0], [119516, 119684, 24.0], [119684, 119882, 18.0], [119882, 119963, 13.0], [119963, 120060, 17.0], [120060, 120533, 65.0], [120533, 120830, 50.0], [120830, 120885, 8.0], [120885, 121571, 104.0], [121571, 121787, 32.0], [121787, 121992, 32.0], [121992, 122110, 17.0], [122110, 122239, 22.0], [122239, 122310, 11.0], [122310, 122508, 28.0], [122508, 122561, 9.0], [122561, 122756, 31.0], [122756, 123323, 79.0], [123323, 123619, 59.0], [123619, 124289, 100.0], [124289, 124480, 23.0], [124480, 124639, 20.0], [124639, 125191, 83.0], [125191, 125606, 60.0], [125606, 125793, 27.0], [125793, 125971, 27.0], [125971, 126102, 20.0], [126102, 126379, 41.0], [126379, 126566, 26.0], [126566, 127010, 68.0], [127010, 127174, 23.0], [127174, 127558, 56.0], [127558, 127793, 36.0], [127793, 128109, 46.0], [128109, 128406, 36.0], [128406, 128590, 25.0], [128590, 128797, 28.0], [128797, 128968, 27.0], [128968, 129777, 120.0], [129777, 129914, 23.0], [129914, 130239, 47.0], [130239, 130427, 28.0], [130427, 130693, 41.0], [130693, 131354, 103.0], [131354, 131749, 55.0], [131749, 132231, 70.0], [132231, 132250, 4.0], [132250, 132380, 24.0], [132380, 132572, 27.0], [132572, 132648, 12.0], [132648, 132761, 18.0], [132761, 132832, 11.0], [132832, 133236, 59.0], [133236, 133528, 51.0], [133528, 133599, 13.0], [133599, 133780, 26.0], [133780, 133977, 31.0], [133977, 134216, 38.0], [134216, 134463, 40.0], [134463, 134582, 18.0], [134582, 134744, 24.0], [134744, 134829, 8.0], [134829, 135268, 65.0], [135268, 135689, 61.0], [135689, 135921, 34.0], [135921, 136060, 23.0], [136060, 136265, 32.0], [136265, 136625, 54.0], [136625, 136788, 28.0], [136788, 137082, 44.0], [137082, 137128, 8.0], [137128, 137373, 37.0], [137373, 137689, 51.0], [137689, 138004, 55.0], [138004, 138217, 33.0], [138217, 138438, 35.0], [138438, 139007, 89.0], [139007, 139583, 78.0], [139583, 139695, 15.0], [139695, 140085, 62.0], [140085, 140149, 8.0], [140149, 140244, 19.0], [140244, 140379, 19.0], [140379, 140674, 48.0], [140674, 140759, 10.0], [140759, 141179, 75.0], [141179, 141246, 8.0], [141246, 141569, 55.0], [141569, 141644, 9.0], [141644, 142103, 64.0], [142103, 142229, 18.0], [142229, 142357, 20.0], [142357, 143197, 124.0], [143197, 143508, 48.0], [143508, 143590, 12.0], [143590, 143760, 29.0], [143760, 143934, 26.0], [143934, 144253, 46.0], [144253, 144411, 20.0], [144411, 144528, 17.0], [144528, 144577, 6.0], [144577, 145209, 87.0], [145209, 145306, 13.0], [145306, 145523, 38.0], [145523, 145884, 56.0], [145884, 146300, 64.0], [146300, 147507, 195.0], [147507, 147763, 39.0], [147763, 147976, 33.0], [147976, 148088, 18.0], [148088, 148102, 4.0], [148102, 148219, 19.0], [148219, 148440, 37.0], [148440, 148673, 38.0], [148673, 148868, 31.0], [148868, 148917, 8.0], [148917, 149337, 66.0], [149337, 149790, 69.0], [149790, 151379, 245.0], [151379, 151564, 31.0], [151564, 151636, 12.0], [151636, 152144, 79.0], [152144, 152922, 123.0], [152922, 153095, 25.0], [153095, 153203, 19.0], [153203, 153391, 28.0], [153391, 153471, 12.0], [153471, 154431, 135.0], [154431, 154565, 22.0], [154565, 154806, 33.0], [154806, 155313, 74.0], [155313, 155954, 101.0], [155954, 156324, 53.0], [156324, 156694, 54.0], [156694, 156756, 10.0], [156756, 157234, 82.0], [157234, 157627, 52.0], [157627, 158272, 98.0], [158272, 158476, 30.0], [158476, 159354, 137.0], [159354, 160294, 132.0], [160294, 160665, 55.0], [160665, 160898, 30.0], [160898, 161211, 48.0], [161211, 161354, 20.0], [161354, 161875, 76.0], [161875, 161891, 4.0], [161891, 162018, 17.0], [162018, 162172, 20.0], [162172, 162511, 48.0], [162511, 162651, 17.0], [162651, 163027, 55.0], [163027, 163197, 25.0], [163197, 163463, 43.0], [163463, 163559, 16.0], [163559, 163789, 36.0], [163789, 164013, 36.0], [164013, 164215, 33.0], [164215, 164938, 117.0], [164938, 165969, 152.0], [165969, 166056, 15.0], [166056, 166494, 62.0], [166494, 166601, 14.0], [166601, 166768, 14.0], [166768, 166902, 20.0], [166902, 167210, 48.0], [167210, 167888, 102.0], [167888, 167985, 18.0], [167985, 168604, 107.0], [168604, 168762, 25.0], [168762, 169401, 101.0], [169401, 169909, 79.0], [169909, 169950, 7.0], [169950, 170687, 110.0], [170687, 170743, 9.0], [170743, 170897, 23.0], [170897, 171400, 73.0], [171400, 172260, 132.0], [172260, 172937, 98.0], [172937, 173079, 23.0], [173079, 173180, 17.0], [173180, 173378, 24.0], [173378, 173950, 88.0], [173950, 174216, 42.0], [174216, 174434, 36.0], [174434, 174876, 67.0], [174876, 175288, 65.0], [175288, 175615, 46.0], [175615, 176047, 66.0], [176047, 176401, 55.0], [176401, 176530, 19.0], [176530, 176646, 18.0], [176646, 176813, 24.0], [176813, 176970, 12.0], [176970, 177280, 50.0], [177280, 177578, 53.0], [177578, 177849, 46.0], [177849, 178194, 48.0], [178194, 178290, 18.0], [178290, 178443, 22.0], [178443, 178522, 15.0], [178522, 178708, 24.0], [178708, 179237, 80.0], [179237, 179277, 7.0], [179277, 179369, 14.0], [179369, 179388, 4.0], [179388, 179473, 12.0], [179473, 179492, 4.0], [179492, 180120, 103.0], [180120, 180220, 20.0], [180220, 180434, 34.0], [180434, 180793, 50.0], [180793, 180940, 19.0], [180940, 181300, 55.0], [181300, 181489, 28.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 15, 0.33333333], [15, 169, 0.0], [169, 303, 0.0], [303, 316, 0.0], [316, 1204, 0.0], [1204, 1911, 0.0], [1911, 2554, 0.0], [2554, 3102, 0.0], [3102, 3513, 0.0], [3513, 3715, 0.08510638], [3715, 3725, 0.0], [3725, 3749, 0.0], [3749, 3807, 0.34042553], [3807, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4758, 0.09380531], [4758, 5049, 0.01052632], [5049, 5251, 0.09340659], [5251, 5703, 0.01869159], [5703, 5776, 0.0], [5776, 6023, 0.06726457], [6023, 6327, 0.00373134], [6327, 6619, 0.0], [6619, 7095, 0.06726457], [7095, 7110, 0.0], [7110, 7415, 0.05862069], [7415, 7476, 0.0], [7476, 8405, 0.03378378], [8405, 8468, 0.0], [8468, 8633, 0.0952381], [8633, 9209, 0.04275093], [9209, 9341, 0.0], [9341, 9529, 0.01098901], [9529, 9583, 0.0], [9583, 9749, 0.0], [9749, 9921, 0.01204819], [9921, 10021, 0.0], [10021, 10143, 0.01694915], [10143, 10435, 0.0], [10435, 10537, 0.02040816], [10537, 10787, 0.0], [10787, 10885, 0.06382979], [10885, 10982, 0.0], [10982, 11273, 0.04626335], [11273, 11442, 0.0], [11442, 11674, 0.10502283], [11674, 11803, 0.0], [11803, 12053, 0.069869], [12053, 12543, 0.0], [12543, 13018, 0.05145414], [13018, 13301, 0.0], [13301, 13573, 0.0], [13573, 13664, 0.02298851], [13664, 14103, 0.0], [14103, 14216, 0.01851852], [14216, 15242, 0.0], [15242, 15687, 0.0], [15687, 16138, 0.0], [16138, 16227, 0.09638554], [16227, 16470, 0.0], [16470, 16485, 0.41666667], [16485, 16582, 0.0], [16582, 18191, 0.05098039], [18191, 20066, 0.0250139], [20066, 20401, 0.0], [20401, 20554, 0.13571429], [20554, 20721, 0.0], [20721, 20937, 0.10447761], [20937, 21203, 0.0], [21203, 21470, 0.06827309], [21470, 21817, 0.0], [21817, 22119, 0.05734767], [22119, 22265, 0.0], [22265, 23119, 0.0], [23119, 23195, 0.0], [23195, 23818, 0.0], [23818, 24025, 0.0], [24025, 25304, 0.05983607], [25304, 25442, 0.0], [25442, 25732, 0.0], [25732, 25785, 0.20833333], [25785, 25934, 0.0], [25934, 26303, 0.06303725], [26303, 26779, 0.0], [26779, 27694, 0.07276995], [27694, 28092, 0.0], [28092, 28280, 0.04972376], [28280, 28348, 0.0], [28348, 28488, 0.125], [28488, 28688, 0.0], [28688, 28928, 0.1040724], [28928, 29116, 0.0], [29116, 29477, 0.06176471], [29477, 29658, 0.0], [29658, 30000, 0.03809524], [30000, 30172, 0.0], [30172, 30429, 0.08438819], [30429, 30588, 0.0], [30588, 30919, 0.07260726], [30919, 31092, 0.0], [31092, 31370, 0.05836576], [31370, 31517, 0.0], [31517, 31559, 0.0], [31559, 32181, 0.0], [32181, 32236, 0.16], [32236, 32311, 0.0], [32311, 32590, 0.0], [32590, 33085, 0.0625], [33085, 33226, 0.0], [33226, 33409, 0.0], [33409, 33919, 0.04928131], [33919, 34160, 0.0], [34160, 34347, 0.05617978], [34347, 34733, 0.0], [34733, 34744, 0.22222222], [34744, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34972, 0.33333333], [34972, 35092, 0.0], [35092, 35133, 0.61764706], [35133, 35237, 0.0], [35237, 35287, 0.2], [35287, 35437, 0.0], [35437, 35808, 0.08902077], [35808, 36141, 0.0], [36141, 36594, 0.03512881], [36594, 36824, 0.0], [36824, 37205, 0.03055556], [37205, 37348, 0.0], [37348, 37529, 0.06470588], [37529, 37830, 0.0], [37830, 38666, 0.04580153], [38666, 38795, 0.0], [38795, 39159, 0.04913295], [39159, 39391, 0.0], [39391, 39500, 0.1010101], [39500, 39631, 0.0], [39631, 39908, 0.10465116], [39908, 40121, 0.0], [40121, 40535, 0.02319588], [40535, 40838, 0.0], [40838, 40881, 0.23684211], [40881, 41678, 0.0], [41678, 41755, 0.0], [41755, 43419, 0.0], [43419, 43439, 0.0], [43439, 43833, 0.0], [43833, 44065, 0.0], [44065, 44736, 0.02875399], [44736, 44978, 0.0], [44978, 45292, 0.01766784], [45292, 45383, 0.0], [45383, 45680, 0.03985507], [45680, 45989, 0.0], [45989, 46017, 0.23809524], [46017, 46113, 0.0], [46113, 46134, 0.1875], [46134, 46274, 0.0], [46274, 46561, 0.05535055], [46561, 46661, 0.0], [46661, 46894, 0.03571429], [46894, 47023, 0.0], [47023, 47332, 0.02076125], [47332, 47464, 0.0], [47464, 47814, 0.08408408], [47814, 47935, 0.03389831], [47935, 48203, 0.05349794], [48203, 48341, 0.02985075], [48341, 48437, 0.08888889], [48437, 48678, 0.0], [48678, 49062, 0.08430233], [49062, 49196, 0.0], [49196, 49506, 0.0443686], [49506, 49720, 0.0], [49720, 49895, 0.04848485], [49895, 49972, 0.0], [49972, 50089, 0.0], [50089, 50195, 0.06122449], [50195, 50300, 0.0], [50300, 50762, 0.01830664], [50762, 50949, 0.0], [50949, 51155, 0.0], [51155, 51264, 0.09803922], [51264, 51374, 0.0], [51374, 51570, 0.09944751], [51570, 52062, 0.0], [52062, 52171, 0.08823529], [52171, 52713, 0.0075188], [52713, 52964, 0.09401709], [52964, 52992, 0.0], [52992, 53664, 0.01206637], [53664, 54063, 0.01038961], [54063, 54198, 0.2920354], [54198, 54267, 0.0], [54267, 54407, 0.06060606], [54407, 54707, 0.01346801], [54707, 54924, 0.06930693], [54924, 55147, 0.0], [55147, 55320, 0.16666667], [55320, 55356, 0.0], [55356, 55436, 0.23188406], [55436, 55518, 0.0], [55518, 55589, 0.13333333], [55589, 55838, 0.0], [55838, 56207, 0.11918605], [56207, 57034, 0.00986436], [57034, 57375, 0.04702194], [57375, 57689, 0.0], [57689, 58161, 0.0], [58161, 58873, 0.05504587], [58873, 59427, 0.0], [59427, 60113, 0.05948553], [60113, 60202, 0.0], [60202, 60311, 0.35632184], [60311, 60435, 0.0], [60435, 60646, 0.0959596], [60646, 60782, 0.0], [60782, 60809, 0.5], [60809, 61033, 0.0], [61033, 61681, 0.04841402], [61681, 62225, 0.0], [62225, 62471, 0.05676856], [62471, 62781, 0.02980132], [62781, 62816, 0.36666667], [62816, 63152, 0.01533742], [63152, 63659, 0.03164557], [63659, 63788, 0.0], [63788, 64361, 0.01953819], [64361, 64568, 0.0], [64568, 64775, 0.0199005], [64775, 64846, 0.06060606], [64846, 64986, 0.25], [64986, 65167, 0.0], [65167, 65211, 0.64864865], [65211, 65387, 0.0], [65387, 65500, 0.1047619], [65500, 65764, 0.0], [65764, 65890, 0.14018692], [65890, 66061, 0.0], [66061, 66247, 0.12650602], [66247, 66308, 0.0], [66308, 66923, 0.03368794], [66923, 67052, 0.0], [67052, 67206, 0.0915493], [67206, 67694, 0.00845666], [67694, 67758, 0.0], [67758, 68779, 0.0], [68779, 69625, 0.0], [69625, 69665, 0.0], [69665, 70055, 0.00789474], [70055, 70190, 0.10833333], [70190, 70471, 0.0], [70471, 71595, 0.07149666], [71595, 71775, 0.01704545], [71775, 71821, 0.17073171], [71821, 72045, 0.0], [72045, 72199, 0.0], [72199, 72993, 0.05234899], [72993, 73060, 0.06349206], [73060, 73083, 0.64705882], [73083, 73289, 0.0], [73289, 73553, 0.05327869], [73553, 73909, 0.0], [73909, 73968, 0.0], [73968, 74130, 0.06], [74130, 74412, 0.01444043], [74412, 74693, 0.05992509], [74693, 74838, 0.0], [74838, 75423, 0.03914591], [75423, 75929, 0.0], [75929, 75980, 0.19565217], [75980, 76079, 0.0], [76079, 76228, 0.02222222], [76228, 76400, 0.0], [76400, 76519, 0.11818182], [76519, 76929, 0.0], [76929, 77025, 0.18072289], [77025, 77273, 0.0], [77273, 77525, 0.06751055], [77525, 77695, 0.0], [77695, 78127, 0.08415842], [78127, 78464, 0.0], [78464, 78512, 0.18604651], [78512, 78811, 0.0], [78811, 79719, 0.16771753], [79719, 79817, 0.0], [79817, 79844, 0.0], [79844, 80117, 0.0], [80117, 80570, 0.00223214], [80570, 80683, 0.0754717], [80683, 80960, 0.0], [80960, 80980, 0.52941176], [80980, 81254, 0.0], [81254, 81280, 0.47826087], [81280, 81586, 0.0], [81586, 81856, 0.06349206], [81856, 82056, 0.0], [82056, 82463, 0.04123711], [82463, 82821, 0.0], [82821, 82872, 0.4047619], [82872, 83401, 0.00784314], [83401, 83653, 0.12446352], [83653, 83930, 0.01115242], [83930, 84004, 0.26666667], [84004, 84185, 0.01704545], [84185, 84611, 0.02278481], [84611, 84722, 0.0], [84722, 84763, 0.18181818], [84763, 84786, 0.0], [84786, 84967, 0.00571429], [84967, 85361, 0.0], [85361, 85475, 0.04587156], [85475, 85589, 0.0], [85589, 85719, 0.07317073], [85719, 86006, 0.0], [86006, 86060, 0.16326531], [86060, 86407, 0.0], [86407, 86545, 0.14285714], [86545, 87030, 0.00831601], [87030, 87179, 0.12781955], [87179, 87205, 0.0], [87205, 87534, 0.0031348], [87534, 87616, 0.0], [87616, 87948, 0.0477707], [87948, 88112, 0.0], [88112, 88282, 0.05555556], [88282, 88901, 0.0], [88901, 89462, 0.05048544], [89462, 89896, 0.007109], [89896, 90119, 0.08], [90119, 90257, 0.0], [90257, 90448, 0.08383234], [90448, 90516, 0.0], [90516, 90830, 0.0], [90830, 91099, 0.24454148], [91099, 91324, 0.0], [91324, 91475, 0.06060606], [91475, 91743, 0.02], [91743, 91939, 0.0], [91939, 92141, 0.07329843], [92141, 92384, 0.0], [92384, 92639, 0.08368201], [92639, 92711, 0.0], [92711, 92735, 0.68421053], [92735, 93052, 0.0], [93052, 93335, 0.05617978], [93335, 93624, 0.0], [93624, 93945, 0.0], [93945, 94288, 0.05921053], [94288, 94919, 0.0], [94919, 95602, 0.03912363], [95602, 95854, 0.09049774], [95854, 95967, 0.05], [95967, 96379, 0.0], [96379, 96482, 0.06930693], [96482, 97095, 0.0], [97095, 97331, 0.06635071], [97331, 97945, 0.0], [97945, 98519, 0.09280303], [98519, 98569, 0.0], [98569, 99129, 0.0], [99129, 99791, 0.0], [99791, 99857, 0.29824561], [99857, 100045, 0.0], [100045, 100459, 0.04336735], [100459, 100817, 0.0], [100817, 101055, 0.06756757], [101055, 101123, 0.10169492], [101123, 101251, 0.01626016], [101251, 101980, 0.03162651], [101980, 102189, 0.0], [102189, 102531, 0.05501618], [102531, 102720, 0.02150538], [102720, 102922, 0.09782609], [102922, 103206, 0.0], [103206, 103418, 0.29189189], [103418, 103504, 0.04761905], [103504, 103813, 0.0], [103813, 103851, 0.23529412], [103851, 103973, 0.0], [103973, 104135, 0.10135135], [104135, 104174, 0.0], [104174, 104356, 0.05747126], [104356, 104536, 0.0], [104536, 105181, 0.03721683], [105181, 105378, 0.02083333], [105378, 105415, 0.21212121], [105415, 105602, 0.04371585], [105602, 105749, 0.0942029], [105749, 105955, 0.0], [105955, 106111, 0.06], [106111, 106357, 0.01244813], [106357, 106372, 0.41666667], [106372, 106584, 0.0], [106584, 106643, 0.0], [106643, 106667, 0.0], [106667, 107283, 0.02871622], [107283, 107494, 0.0], [107494, 108041, 0.05620155], [108041, 108155, 0.0], [108155, 108899, 0.04384724], [108899, 108991, 0.0], [108991, 109216, 0.08653846], [109216, 109377, 0.0], [109377, 109751, 0.09565217], [109751, 109834, 0.0], [109834, 110077, 0.09009009], [110077, 110241, 0.0], [110241, 110352, 0.2], [110352, 110527, 0.0], [110527, 110689, 0.12413793], [110689, 110812, 0.0], [110812, 111153, 0.04347826], [111153, 111449, 0.0], [111449, 111784, 0.03115265], [111784, 111820, 0.0], [111820, 112439, 0.0], [112439, 112686, 0.07017544], [112686, 113049, 0.01133144], [113049, 113338, 0.06545455], [113338, 113471, 0.0], [113471, 113814, 0.04833837], [113814, 113878, 0.0], [113878, 114129, 0.07594937], [114129, 114391, 0.01190476], [114391, 114428, 0.15151515], [114428, 114622, 0.0], [114622, 115278, 0.07028754], [115278, 115401, 0.0], [115401, 116512, 0.02525725], [116512, 116747, 0.0], [116747, 117299, 0.04942966], [117299, 117320, 0.0], [117320, 118308, 0.0], [118308, 118779, 0.06950673], [118779, 118917, 0.0], [118917, 119079, 0.07096774], [119079, 119516, 0.0], [119516, 119684, 0.07638889], [119684, 119882, 0.03428571], [119882, 119963, 0.0], [119963, 120060, 0.0], [120060, 120533, 0.0], [120533, 120830, 0.0], [120830, 120885, 0.0], [120885, 121571, 0.0], [121571, 121787, 0.01895735], [121787, 121992, 0.10106383], [121992, 122110, 0.03448276], [122110, 122239, 0.12711864], [122239, 122310, 0.05797101], [122310, 122508, 0.09944751], [122508, 122561, 0.07843137], [122561, 122756, 0.08888889], [122756, 123323, 0.00720721], [123323, 123619, 0.16605166], [123619, 124289, 0.04], [124289, 124480, 0.0], [124480, 124639, 0.07284768], [124639, 125191, 0.0], [125191, 125606, 0.06393862], [125606, 125793, 0.04371585], [125793, 125971, 0.13125], [125971, 126102, 0.0], [126102, 126379, 0.12062257], [126379, 126566, 0.0], [126566, 127010, 0.06791569], [127010, 127174, 0.0], [127174, 127558, 0.07458564], [127558, 127793, 0.0], [127793, 128109, 0.0], [128109, 128406, 0.06049822], [128406, 128590, 0.0], [128590, 128797, 0.08717949], [128797, 128968, 0.0], [128968, 129777, 0.0], [129777, 129914, 0.1328125], [129914, 130239, 0.0], [130239, 130427, 0.0], [130427, 130693, 0.01538462], [130693, 131354, 0.0], [131354, 131749, 0.02864583], [131749, 132231, 0.0], [132231, 132250, 0.5], [132250, 132380, 0.0], [132380, 132572, 0.0], [132572, 132648, 0.05633803], [132648, 132761, 0.0], [132761, 132832, 0.0], [132832, 133236, 0.0], [133236, 133528, 0.0], [133528, 133599, 0.33898305], [133599, 133780, 0.0], [133780, 133977, 0.0], [133977, 134216, 0.0], [134216, 134463, 0.06550218], [134463, 134582, 0.06086957], [134582, 134744, 0.04666667], [134744, 134829, 0.13888889], [134829, 135268, 0.0], [135268, 135689, 0.11256545], [135689, 135921, 0.0], [135921, 136060, 0.0], [136060, 136265, 0.05641026], [136265, 136625, 0.0], [136625, 136788, 0.10596026], [136788, 137082, 0.0], [137082, 137128, 0.26829268], [137128, 137373, 0.0], [137373, 137689, 0.06375839], [137689, 138004, 0.02597403], [138004, 138217, 0.0964467], [138217, 138438, 0.0], [138438, 139007, 0.0], [139007, 139583, 0.03113553], [139583, 139695, 0.0], [139695, 140085, 0.01634877], [140085, 140149, 0.0], [140149, 140244, 0.07058824], [140244, 140379, 0.0], [140379, 140674, 0.09854015], [140674, 140759, 0.0], [140759, 141179, 0.09693878], [141179, 141246, 0.0], [141246, 141569, 0.04487179], [141569, 141644, 0.0], [141644, 142103, 0.03908046], [142103, 142229, 0.0], [142229, 142357, 0.02654867], [142357, 143197, 0.0], [143197, 143508, 0.09688581], [143508, 143590, 0.0], [143590, 143760, 0.17647059], [143760, 143934, 0.0], [143934, 144253, 0.12328767], [144253, 144411, 0.0], [144411, 144528, 0.06086957], [144528, 144577, 0.0], [144577, 145209, 0.0], [145209, 145306, 0.1011236], [145306, 145523, 0.0], [145523, 145884, 0.0], [145884, 146300, 0.0], [146300, 147507, 0.06884058], [147507, 147763, 0.0], [147763, 147976, 0.05445545], [147976, 148088, 0.0], [148088, 148102, 0.36363636], [148102, 148219, 0.0], [148219, 148440, 0.12135922], [148440, 148673, 0.0], [148673, 148868, 0.04918033], [148868, 148917, 0.0], [148917, 149337, 0.02444988], [149337, 149790, 0.0], [149790, 151379, 0.04979253], [151379, 151564, 0.0], [151564, 151636, 0.16666667], [151636, 152144, 0.0059761], [152144, 152922, 0.03047091], [152922, 153095, 0.0], [153095, 153203, 0.16494845], [153203, 153391, 0.0], [153391, 153471, 0.0], [153471, 154431, 0.0], [154431, 154565, 0.13675214], [154565, 154806, 0.0], [154806, 155313, 0.07725322], [155313, 155954, 0.0063593], [155954, 156324, 0.03047091], [156324, 156694, 0.01092896], [156694, 156756, 0.05263158], [156756, 157234, 0.0], [157234, 157627, 0.0], [157627, 158272, 0.0], [158272, 158476, 0.05641026], [158476, 159354, 0.00576037], [159354, 160294, 0.0], [160294, 160665, 0.0], [160665, 160898, 0.04054054], [160898, 161211, 0.0], [161211, 161354, 0.11811024], [161354, 161875, 0.0], [161875, 161891, 0.46153846], [161891, 162018, 0.0], [162018, 162172, 0.04026846], [162172, 162511, 0.0], [162511, 162651, 0.02238806], [162651, 163027, 0.0], [163027, 163197, 0.03636364], [163197, 163463, 0.0], [163463, 163559, 0.0], [163559, 163789, 0.0], [163789, 164013, 0.07211538], [164013, 164215, 0.0], [164215, 164938, 0.00424328], [164938, 165969, 0.04708291], [165969, 166056, 0.0], [166056, 166494, 0.04830918], [166494, 166601, 0.0], [166601, 166768, 0.10204082], [166768, 166902, 0.0], [166902, 167210, 0.0], [167210, 167888, 0.07165109], [167888, 167985, 0.0], [167985, 168604, 0.04060914], [168604, 168762, 0.0], [168762, 169401, 0.02833333], [169401, 169909, 0.00801603], [169909, 169950, 0.27027027], [169950, 170687, 0.0055325], [170687, 170743, 0.24], [170743, 170897, 0.0], [170897, 171400, 0.0], [171400, 172260, 0.0], [172260, 172937, 0.0060241], [172937, 173079, 0.25396825], [173079, 173180, 0.0], [173180, 173378, 0.09467456], [173378, 173950, 0.00534759], [173950, 174216, 0.06324111], [174216, 174434, 0.0], [174434, 174876, 0.03554502], [174876, 175288, 0.0], [175288, 175615, 0.02721088], [175615, 176047, 0.0], [176047, 176401, 0.0], [176401, 176530, 0.04], [176530, 176646, 0.0], [176646, 176813, 0.08163265], [176813, 176970, 0.04379562], [176970, 177280, 0.0], [177280, 177578, 0.13703704], [177578, 177849, 0.0], [177849, 178194, 0.0], [178194, 178290, 0.21428571], [178290, 178443, 0.0], [178443, 178522, 0.328125], [178522, 178708, 0.0], [178708, 179237, 0.0], [179237, 179277, 0.5], [179277, 179369, 0.0], [179369, 179388, 0.5], [179388, 179473, 0.0], [179473, 179492, 0.5], [179492, 180120, 0.0], [180120, 180220, 0.2804878], [180220, 180434, 0.0], [180434, 180793, 0.10397554], [180793, 180940, 0.0], [180940, 181300, 0.11111111], [181300, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 169, 0.0], [169, 303, 0.0], [303, 316, 0.0], [316, 1204, 0.0], [1204, 1911, 0.0], [1911, 2554, 0.0], [2554, 3102, 0.0], [3102, 3513, 0.0], [3513, 3715, 0.0], [3715, 3725, 0.0], [3725, 3749, 0.0], [3749, 3807, 0.0], [3807, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4758, 0.0], [4758, 5049, 0.0], [5049, 5251, 0.0], [5251, 5703, 0.0], [5703, 5776, 0.0], [5776, 6023, 0.0], [6023, 6327, 0.0], [6327, 6619, 0.0], [6619, 7095, 0.0], [7095, 7110, 0.0], [7110, 7415, 0.0], [7415, 7476, 0.0], [7476, 8405, 0.0], [8405, 8468, 0.0], [8468, 8633, 0.0], [8633, 9209, 0.0], [9209, 9341, 0.0], [9341, 9529, 0.0], [9529, 9583, 0.0], [9583, 9749, 0.0], [9749, 9921, 0.0], [9921, 10021, 0.0], [10021, 10143, 0.0], [10143, 10435, 0.0], [10435, 10537, 0.0], [10537, 10787, 0.0], [10787, 10885, 0.0], [10885, 10982, 0.0], [10982, 11273, 0.0], [11273, 11442, 0.0], [11442, 11674, 0.0], [11674, 11803, 0.0], [11803, 12053, 0.0], [12053, 12543, 0.0], [12543, 13018, 0.0], [13018, 13301, 0.0], [13301, 13573, 0.0], [13573, 13664, 0.0], [13664, 14103, 0.0], [14103, 14216, 0.0], [14216, 15242, 0.0], [15242, 15687, 0.0], [15687, 16138, 0.0], [16138, 16227, 0.0], [16227, 16470, 0.0], [16470, 16485, 0.0], [16485, 16582, 0.0], [16582, 18191, 0.0], [18191, 20066, 0.0], [20066, 20401, 0.0], [20401, 20554, 0.0], [20554, 20721, 0.0], [20721, 20937, 0.0], [20937, 21203, 0.0], [21203, 21470, 0.0], [21470, 21817, 0.0], [21817, 22119, 0.0], [22119, 22265, 0.0], [22265, 23119, 0.0], [23119, 23195, 0.0], [23195, 23818, 0.0], [23818, 24025, 0.0], [24025, 25304, 0.0], [25304, 25442, 0.0], [25442, 25732, 0.0], [25732, 25785, 0.0], [25785, 25934, 0.0], [25934, 26303, 0.0], [26303, 26779, 0.0], [26779, 27694, 0.0], [27694, 28092, 0.0], [28092, 28280, 0.0], [28280, 28348, 0.0], [28348, 28488, 0.0], [28488, 28688, 0.0], [28688, 28928, 0.0], [28928, 29116, 0.0], [29116, 29477, 0.0], [29477, 29658, 0.0], [29658, 30000, 0.0], [30000, 30172, 0.0], [30172, 30429, 0.0], [30429, 30588, 0.0], [30588, 30919, 0.0], [30919, 31092, 0.0], [31092, 31370, 0.0], [31370, 31517, 0.0], [31517, 31559, 0.0], [31559, 32181, 0.0], [32181, 32236, 0.0], [32236, 32311, 0.0], [32311, 32590, 0.0], [32590, 33085, 0.0], [33085, 33226, 0.0], [33226, 33409, 0.0], [33409, 33919, 0.0], [33919, 34160, 0.0], [34160, 34347, 0.0], [34347, 34733, 0.0], [34733, 34744, 0.0], [34744, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34972, 0.0], [34972, 35092, 0.0], [35092, 35133, 0.0], [35133, 35237, 0.0], [35237, 35287, 0.0], [35287, 35437, 0.0], [35437, 35808, 0.0], [35808, 36141, 0.0], [36141, 36594, 0.0], [36594, 36824, 0.0], [36824, 37205, 0.0], [37205, 37348, 0.0], [37348, 37529, 0.0], [37529, 37830, 0.0], [37830, 38666, 0.0], [38666, 38795, 0.0], [38795, 39159, 0.0], [39159, 39391, 0.0], [39391, 39500, 0.0], [39500, 39631, 0.0], [39631, 39908, 0.0], [39908, 40121, 0.0], [40121, 40535, 0.0], [40535, 40838, 0.0], [40838, 40881, 0.0], [40881, 41678, 0.0], [41678, 41755, 0.0], [41755, 43419, 0.0], [43419, 43439, 0.0], [43439, 43833, 0.0], [43833, 44065, 0.0], [44065, 44736, 0.0], [44736, 44978, 0.0], [44978, 45292, 0.0], [45292, 45383, 0.0], [45383, 45680, 0.0], [45680, 45989, 0.0], [45989, 46017, 0.0], [46017, 46113, 0.0], [46113, 46134, 0.0], [46134, 46274, 0.0], [46274, 46561, 0.0], [46561, 46661, 0.0], [46661, 46894, 0.0], [46894, 47023, 0.0], [47023, 47332, 0.0], [47332, 47464, 0.0], [47464, 47814, 0.0], [47814, 47935, 0.0], [47935, 48203, 0.0], [48203, 48341, 0.0], [48341, 48437, 0.0], [48437, 48678, 0.0], [48678, 49062, 0.0], [49062, 49196, 0.0], [49196, 49506, 0.0], [49506, 49720, 0.0], [49720, 49895, 0.0], [49895, 49972, 0.0], [49972, 50089, 0.0], [50089, 50195, 0.0], [50195, 50300, 0.0], [50300, 50762, 0.0], [50762, 50949, 0.0], [50949, 51155, 0.0], [51155, 51264, 0.0], [51264, 51374, 0.0], [51374, 51570, 0.0], [51570, 52062, 0.0], [52062, 52171, 0.0], [52171, 52713, 0.0], [52713, 52964, 0.0], [52964, 52992, 0.0], [52992, 53664, 0.0], [53664, 54063, 0.0], [54063, 54198, 0.0], [54198, 54267, 0.0], [54267, 54407, 0.0], [54407, 54707, 0.0], [54707, 54924, 0.0], [54924, 55147, 0.0], [55147, 55320, 0.0], [55320, 55356, 0.0], [55356, 55436, 0.0], [55436, 55518, 0.0], [55518, 55589, 0.0], [55589, 55838, 0.0], [55838, 56207, 0.0], [56207, 57034, 0.0], [57034, 57375, 0.0], [57375, 57689, 0.0], [57689, 58161, 0.0], [58161, 58873, 0.0], [58873, 59427, 0.0], [59427, 60113, 0.0], [60113, 60202, 0.0], [60202, 60311, 0.0], [60311, 60435, 0.0], [60435, 60646, 0.0], [60646, 60782, 0.0], [60782, 60809, 0.0], [60809, 61033, 0.0], [61033, 61681, 0.0], [61681, 62225, 0.0], [62225, 62471, 0.0], [62471, 62781, 0.0], [62781, 62816, 0.0], [62816, 63152, 0.0], [63152, 63659, 0.0], [63659, 63788, 0.0], [63788, 64361, 0.0], [64361, 64568, 0.0], [64568, 64775, 0.0], [64775, 64846, 0.0], [64846, 64986, 0.0], [64986, 65167, 0.0], [65167, 65211, 0.0], [65211, 65387, 0.0], [65387, 65500, 0.0], [65500, 65764, 0.0], [65764, 65890, 0.0], [65890, 66061, 0.0], [66061, 66247, 0.0], [66247, 66308, 0.0], [66308, 66923, 0.0], [66923, 67052, 0.0], [67052, 67206, 0.0], [67206, 67694, 0.0], [67694, 67758, 0.0], [67758, 68779, 0.0], [68779, 69625, 0.0], [69625, 69665, 0.0], [69665, 70055, 0.0], [70055, 70190, 0.0], [70190, 70471, 0.0], [70471, 71595, 0.0], [71595, 71775, 0.0], [71775, 71821, 0.0], [71821, 72045, 0.0], [72045, 72199, 0.0], [72199, 72993, 0.0], [72993, 73060, 0.0], [73060, 73083, 0.0], [73083, 73289, 0.0], [73289, 73553, 0.0], [73553, 73909, 0.0], [73909, 73968, 0.0], [73968, 74130, 0.0], [74130, 74412, 0.0], [74412, 74693, 0.0], [74693, 74838, 0.0], [74838, 75423, 0.0], [75423, 75929, 0.0], [75929, 75980, 0.0], [75980, 76079, 0.0], [76079, 76228, 0.0], [76228, 76400, 0.0], [76400, 76519, 0.0], [76519, 76929, 0.0], [76929, 77025, 0.0], [77025, 77273, 0.0], [77273, 77525, 0.0], [77525, 77695, 0.0], [77695, 78127, 0.0], [78127, 78464, 0.0], [78464, 78512, 0.0], [78512, 78811, 0.0], [78811, 79719, 0.0], [79719, 79817, 0.0], [79817, 79844, 0.0], [79844, 80117, 0.0], [80117, 80570, 0.0], [80570, 80683, 0.0], [80683, 80960, 0.0], [80960, 80980, 0.0], [80980, 81254, 0.0], [81254, 81280, 0.0], [81280, 81586, 0.0], [81586, 81856, 0.0], [81856, 82056, 0.0], [82056, 82463, 0.0], [82463, 82821, 0.0], [82821, 82872, 0.0], [82872, 83401, 0.0], [83401, 83653, 0.0], [83653, 83930, 0.0], [83930, 84004, 0.0], [84004, 84185, 0.0], [84185, 84611, 0.0], [84611, 84722, 0.0], [84722, 84763, 0.0], [84763, 84786, 0.0], [84786, 84967, 0.0], [84967, 85361, 0.0], [85361, 85475, 0.0], [85475, 85589, 0.0], [85589, 85719, 0.0], [85719, 86006, 0.0], [86006, 86060, 0.0], [86060, 86407, 0.0], [86407, 86545, 0.0], [86545, 87030, 0.0], [87030, 87179, 0.0], [87179, 87205, 0.0], [87205, 87534, 0.0], [87534, 87616, 0.0], [87616, 87948, 0.0], [87948, 88112, 0.0], [88112, 88282, 0.0], [88282, 88901, 0.0], [88901, 89462, 0.0], [89462, 89896, 0.0], [89896, 90119, 0.0], [90119, 90257, 0.0], [90257, 90448, 0.0], [90448, 90516, 0.0], [90516, 90830, 0.0], [90830, 91099, 0.0], [91099, 91324, 0.0], [91324, 91475, 0.0], [91475, 91743, 0.0], [91743, 91939, 0.0], [91939, 92141, 0.0], [92141, 92384, 0.0], [92384, 92639, 0.0], [92639, 92711, 0.0], [92711, 92735, 0.0], [92735, 93052, 0.0], [93052, 93335, 0.0], [93335, 93624, 0.0], [93624, 93945, 0.0], [93945, 94288, 0.0], [94288, 94919, 0.0], [94919, 95602, 0.0], [95602, 95854, 0.0], [95854, 95967, 0.0], [95967, 96379, 0.0], [96379, 96482, 0.0], [96482, 97095, 0.0], [97095, 97331, 0.0], [97331, 97945, 0.0], [97945, 98519, 0.0], [98519, 98569, 0.0], [98569, 99129, 0.0], [99129, 99791, 0.0], [99791, 99857, 0.0], [99857, 100045, 0.0], [100045, 100459, 0.0], [100459, 100817, 0.0], [100817, 101055, 0.0], [101055, 101123, 0.0], [101123, 101251, 0.0], [101251, 101980, 0.0], [101980, 102189, 0.0], [102189, 102531, 0.0], [102531, 102720, 0.0], [102720, 102922, 0.0], [102922, 103206, 0.0], [103206, 103418, 0.0], [103418, 103504, 0.0], [103504, 103813, 0.0], [103813, 103851, 0.0], [103851, 103973, 0.0], [103973, 104135, 0.0], [104135, 104174, 0.0], [104174, 104356, 0.0], [104356, 104536, 0.0], [104536, 105181, 0.0], [105181, 105378, 0.0], [105378, 105415, 0.0], [105415, 105602, 0.0], [105602, 105749, 0.0], [105749, 105955, 0.0], [105955, 106111, 0.0], [106111, 106357, 0.0], [106357, 106372, 0.0], [106372, 106584, 0.0], [106584, 106643, 0.0], [106643, 106667, 0.0], [106667, 107283, 0.0], [107283, 107494, 0.0], [107494, 108041, 0.0], [108041, 108155, 0.0], [108155, 108899, 0.0], [108899, 108991, 0.0], [108991, 109216, 0.0], [109216, 109377, 0.0], [109377, 109751, 0.0], [109751, 109834, 0.0], [109834, 110077, 0.0], [110077, 110241, 0.0], [110241, 110352, 0.0], [110352, 110527, 0.0], [110527, 110689, 0.0], [110689, 110812, 0.0], [110812, 111153, 0.0], [111153, 111449, 0.0], [111449, 111784, 0.0], [111784, 111820, 0.0], [111820, 112439, 0.0], [112439, 112686, 0.0], [112686, 113049, 0.0], [113049, 113338, 0.0], [113338, 113471, 0.0], [113471, 113814, 0.0], [113814, 113878, 0.0], [113878, 114129, 0.0], [114129, 114391, 0.0], [114391, 114428, 0.0], [114428, 114622, 0.0], [114622, 115278, 0.0], [115278, 115401, 0.0], [115401, 116512, 0.0], [116512, 116747, 0.0], [116747, 117299, 0.0], [117299, 117320, 0.0], [117320, 118308, 0.0], [118308, 118779, 0.0], [118779, 118917, 0.0], [118917, 119079, 0.0], [119079, 119516, 0.0], [119516, 119684, 0.0], [119684, 119882, 0.0], [119882, 119963, 0.0], [119963, 120060, 0.0], [120060, 120533, 0.0], [120533, 120830, 0.0], [120830, 120885, 0.0], [120885, 121571, 0.0], [121571, 121787, 0.0], [121787, 121992, 0.0], [121992, 122110, 0.0], [122110, 122239, 0.0], [122239, 122310, 0.0], [122310, 122508, 0.0], [122508, 122561, 0.0], [122561, 122756, 0.0], [122756, 123323, 0.0], [123323, 123619, 0.0], [123619, 124289, 0.0], [124289, 124480, 0.0], [124480, 124639, 0.0], [124639, 125191, 0.0], [125191, 125606, 0.0], [125606, 125793, 0.0], [125793, 125971, 0.0], [125971, 126102, 0.0], [126102, 126379, 0.0], [126379, 126566, 0.0], [126566, 127010, 0.0], [127010, 127174, 0.0], [127174, 127558, 0.0], [127558, 127793, 0.0], [127793, 128109, 0.0], [128109, 128406, 0.0], [128406, 128590, 0.0], [128590, 128797, 0.0], [128797, 128968, 0.0], [128968, 129777, 0.0], [129777, 129914, 0.0], [129914, 130239, 0.0], [130239, 130427, 0.0], [130427, 130693, 0.0], [130693, 131354, 0.0], [131354, 131749, 0.0], [131749, 132231, 0.0], [132231, 132250, 0.0], [132250, 132380, 0.0], [132380, 132572, 0.0], [132572, 132648, 0.0], [132648, 132761, 0.0], [132761, 132832, 0.0], [132832, 133236, 0.0], [133236, 133528, 0.0], [133528, 133599, 0.0], [133599, 133780, 0.0], [133780, 133977, 0.0], [133977, 134216, 0.0], [134216, 134463, 0.0], [134463, 134582, 0.0], [134582, 134744, 0.0], [134744, 134829, 0.0], [134829, 135268, 0.0], [135268, 135689, 0.0], [135689, 135921, 0.0], [135921, 136060, 0.0], [136060, 136265, 0.0], [136265, 136625, 0.0], [136625, 136788, 0.0], [136788, 137082, 0.0], [137082, 137128, 0.0], [137128, 137373, 0.0], [137373, 137689, 0.0], [137689, 138004, 0.0], [138004, 138217, 0.0], [138217, 138438, 0.0], [138438, 139007, 0.0], [139007, 139583, 0.0], [139583, 139695, 0.0], [139695, 140085, 0.0], [140085, 140149, 0.0], [140149, 140244, 0.0], [140244, 140379, 0.0], [140379, 140674, 0.0], [140674, 140759, 0.0], [140759, 141179, 0.0], [141179, 141246, 0.0], [141246, 141569, 0.0], [141569, 141644, 0.0], [141644, 142103, 0.0], [142103, 142229, 0.0], [142229, 142357, 0.0], [142357, 143197, 0.0], [143197, 143508, 0.0], [143508, 143590, 0.0], [143590, 143760, 0.0], [143760, 143934, 0.0], [143934, 144253, 0.0], [144253, 144411, 0.0], [144411, 144528, 0.0], [144528, 144577, 0.0], [144577, 145209, 0.0], [145209, 145306, 0.0], [145306, 145523, 0.0], [145523, 145884, 0.0], [145884, 146300, 0.0], [146300, 147507, 0.0], [147507, 147763, 0.0], [147763, 147976, 0.0], [147976, 148088, 0.0], [148088, 148102, 0.0], [148102, 148219, 0.0], [148219, 148440, 0.0], [148440, 148673, 0.0], [148673, 148868, 0.0], [148868, 148917, 0.0], [148917, 149337, 0.0], [149337, 149790, 0.0], [149790, 151379, 0.0], [151379, 151564, 0.0], [151564, 151636, 0.0], [151636, 152144, 0.0], [152144, 152922, 0.0], [152922, 153095, 0.0], [153095, 153203, 0.0], [153203, 153391, 0.0], [153391, 153471, 0.0], [153471, 154431, 0.0], [154431, 154565, 0.0], [154565, 154806, 0.0], [154806, 155313, 0.0], [155313, 155954, 0.0], [155954, 156324, 0.0], [156324, 156694, 0.0], [156694, 156756, 0.0], [156756, 157234, 0.0], [157234, 157627, 0.0], [157627, 158272, 0.0], [158272, 158476, 0.0], [158476, 159354, 0.0], [159354, 160294, 0.0], [160294, 160665, 0.0], [160665, 160898, 0.0], [160898, 161211, 0.0], [161211, 161354, 0.0], [161354, 161875, 0.0], [161875, 161891, 0.0], [161891, 162018, 0.0], [162018, 162172, 0.0], [162172, 162511, 0.0], [162511, 162651, 0.0], [162651, 163027, 0.0], [163027, 163197, 0.0], [163197, 163463, 0.0], [163463, 163559, 0.0], [163559, 163789, 0.0], [163789, 164013, 0.0], [164013, 164215, 0.0], [164215, 164938, 0.0], [164938, 165969, 0.0], [165969, 166056, 0.0], [166056, 166494, 0.0], [166494, 166601, 0.0], [166601, 166768, 0.0], [166768, 166902, 0.0], [166902, 167210, 0.0], [167210, 167888, 0.0], [167888, 167985, 0.0], [167985, 168604, 0.0], [168604, 168762, 0.0], [168762, 169401, 0.0], [169401, 169909, 0.0], [169909, 169950, 0.0], [169950, 170687, 0.0], [170687, 170743, 0.0], [170743, 170897, 0.0], [170897, 171400, 0.0], [171400, 172260, 0.0], [172260, 172937, 0.0], [172937, 173079, 0.0], [173079, 173180, 0.0], [173180, 173378, 0.0], [173378, 173950, 0.0], [173950, 174216, 0.0], [174216, 174434, 0.0], [174434, 174876, 0.0], [174876, 175288, 0.0], [175288, 175615, 0.0], [175615, 176047, 0.0], [176047, 176401, 0.0], [176401, 176530, 0.0], [176530, 176646, 0.0], [176646, 176813, 0.0], [176813, 176970, 0.0], [176970, 177280, 0.0], [177280, 177578, 0.0], [177578, 177849, 0.0], [177849, 178194, 0.0], [178194, 178290, 0.0], [178290, 178443, 0.0], [178443, 178522, 0.0], [178522, 178708, 0.0], [178708, 179237, 0.0], [179237, 179277, 0.0], [179277, 179369, 0.0], [179369, 179388, 0.0], [179388, 179473, 0.0], [179473, 179492, 0.0], [179492, 180120, 0.0], [180120, 180220, 0.0], [180220, 180434, 0.0], [180434, 180793, 0.0], [180793, 180940, 0.0], [180940, 181300, 0.0], [181300, 181489, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 15, 0.13333333], [15, 169, 0.11038961], [169, 303, 0.10447761], [303, 316, 0.15384615], [316, 1204, 0.01238739], [1204, 1911, 0.00990099], [1911, 2554, 0.00933126], [2554, 3102, 0.09306569], [3102, 3513, 0.01703163], [3513, 3715, 0.05445545], [3715, 3725, 0.1], [3725, 3749, 0.04166667], [3749, 3807, 0.06896552], [3807, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4758, 0.05583756], [4758, 5049, 0.0137457], [5049, 5251, 0.06435644], [5251, 5703, 0.0619469], [5703, 5776, 0.01369863], [5776, 6023, 0.06072874], [6023, 6327, 0.04934211], [6327, 6619, 0.0239726], [6619, 7095, 0.06092437], [7095, 7110, 0.13333333], [7110, 7415, 0.06557377], [7415, 7476, 0.0], [7476, 8405, 0.05920344], [8405, 8468, 0.06349206], [8468, 8633, 0.10909091], [8633, 9209, 0.05034722], [9209, 9341, 0.0], [9341, 9529, 0.01595745], [9529, 9583, 0.0], [9583, 9749, 0.0060241], [9749, 9921, 0.01744186], [9921, 10021, 0.01], [10021, 10143, 0.04098361], [10143, 10435, 0.01027397], [10435, 10537, 0.02941176], [10537, 10787, 0.032], [10787, 10885, 0.01020408], [10885, 10982, 0.06185567], [10982, 11273, 0.02405498], [11273, 11442, 0.03550296], [11442, 11674, 0.04310345], [11674, 11803, 0.01550388], [11803, 12053, 0.068], [12053, 12543, 0.01020408], [12543, 13018, 0.04631579], [13018, 13301, 0.00353357], [13301, 13573, 0.01470588], [13573, 13664, 0.04395604], [13664, 14103, 0.03644647], [14103, 14216, 0.04424779], [14216, 15242, 0.00584795], [15242, 15687, 0.00674157], [15687, 16138, 0.00665188], [16138, 16227, 0.08988764], [16227, 16470, 0.02057613], [16470, 16485, 0.06666667], [16485, 16582, 0.03092784], [16582, 18191, 0.03480423], [18191, 20066, 0.02453333], [20066, 20401, 0.01791045], [20401, 20554, 0.09803922], [20554, 20721, 0.01796407], [20721, 20937, 0.06481481], [20937, 21203, 0.0075188], [21203, 21470, 0.06741573], [21470, 21817, 0.01440922], [21817, 22119, 0.06291391], [22119, 22265, 0.01369863], [22265, 23119, 0.02224824], [23119, 23195, 0.10526316], [23195, 23818, 0.01605136], [23818, 24025, 0.01449275], [24025, 25304, 0.03205629], [25304, 25442, 0.00724638], [25442, 25732, 0.02068966], [25732, 25785, 0.05660377], [25785, 25934, 0.02013423], [25934, 26303, 0.04065041], [26303, 26779, 0.02521008], [26779, 27694, 0.0568306], [27694, 28092, 0.01507538], [28092, 28280, 0.03191489], [28280, 28348, 0.01470588], [28348, 28488, 0.05714286], [28488, 28688, 0.02], [28688, 28928, 0.0375], [28928, 29116, 0.00531915], [29116, 29477, 0.033241], [29477, 29658, 0.00552486], [29658, 30000, 0.02046784], [30000, 30172, 0.03488372], [30172, 30429, 0.03501946], [30429, 30588, 0.03144654], [30588, 30919, 0.0755287], [30919, 31092, 0.00578035], [31092, 31370, 0.02517986], [31370, 31517, 0.00680272], [31517, 31559, 0.0952381], [31559, 32181, 0.00482315], [32181, 32236, 0.09090909], [32236, 32311, 0.04], [32311, 32590, 0.01075269], [32590, 33085, 0.04848485], [33085, 33226, 0.0070922], [33226, 33409, 0.03278689], [33409, 33919, 0.04117647], [33919, 34160, 0.00829876], [34160, 34347, 0.03208556], [34347, 34733, 0.00259067], [34733, 34744, 0.09090909], [34744, 34901, 0.03184713], [34901, 34972, 0.04225352], [34972, 35092, 0.025], [35092, 35133, 0.02439024], [35133, 35237, 0.04807692], [35237, 35287, 0.08], [35287, 35437, 0.00666667], [35437, 35808, 0.04043127], [35808, 36141, 0.00600601], [36141, 36594, 0.06401766], [36594, 36824, 0.00869565], [36824, 37205, 0.03937008], [37205, 37348, 0.0], [37348, 37529, 0.04972376], [37529, 37830, 0.00332226], [37830, 38666, 0.04186603], [38666, 38795, 0.00775194], [38795, 39159, 0.05494505], [39159, 39391, 0.02586207], [39391, 39500, 0.09174312], [39500, 39631, 0.02290076], [39631, 39908, 0.09025271], [39908, 40121, 0.00469484], [40121, 40535, 0.03140097], [40535, 40838, 0.01320132], [40838, 40881, 0.02325581], [40881, 41678, 0.01254705], [41678, 41755, 0.11688312], [41755, 43419, 0.01081731], [43419, 43439, 0.15], [43439, 43833, 0.0177665], [43833, 44065, 0.01293103], [44065, 44736, 0.02831595], [44736, 44978, 0.00826446], [44978, 45292, 0.02229299], [45292, 45383, 0.04395604], [45383, 45680, 0.06060606], [45680, 45989, 0.01618123], [45989, 46017, 0.07142857], [46017, 46113, 0.01041667], [46113, 46134, 0.14285714], [46134, 46274, 0.04285714], [46274, 46561, 0.05923345], [46561, 46661, 0.02], [46661, 46894, 0.02575107], [46894, 47023, 0.03100775], [47023, 47332, 0.04854369], [47332, 47464, 0.01515152], [47464, 47814, 0.04857143], [47814, 47935, 0.01652893], [47935, 48203, 0.05970149], [48203, 48341, 0.02898551], [48341, 48437, 0.11458333], [48437, 48678, 0.0373444], [48678, 49062, 0.03645833], [49062, 49196, 0.02238806], [49196, 49506, 0.04516129], [49506, 49720, 0.0046729], [49720, 49895, 0.07428571], [49895, 49972, 0.06493506], [49972, 50089, 0.05128205], [50089, 50195, 0.11320755], [50195, 50300, 0.02857143], [50300, 50762, 0.06709957], [50762, 50949, 0.00534759], [50949, 51155, 0.00970874], [51155, 51264, 0.04587156], [51264, 51374, 0.02727273], [51374, 51570, 0.09693878], [51570, 52062, 0.0101626], [52062, 52171, 0.05504587], [52171, 52713, 0.00922509], [52713, 52964, 0.0438247], [52964, 52992, 0.25], [52992, 53664, 0.01339286], [53664, 54063, 0.01754386], [54063, 54198, 0.07407407], [54198, 54267, 0.04347826], [54267, 54407, 0.07142857], [54407, 54707, 0.02], [54707, 54924, 0.0875576], [54924, 55147, 0.0044843], [55147, 55320, 0.04624277], [55320, 55356, 0.0], [55356, 55436, 0.05], [55436, 55518, 0.02439024], [55518, 55589, 0.02816901], [55589, 55838, 0.0], [55838, 56207, 0.05420054], [56207, 57034, 0.02902056], [57034, 57375, 0.08211144], [57375, 57689, 0.00955414], [57689, 58161, 0.01694915], [58161, 58873, 0.03511236], [58873, 59427, 0.01805054], [59427, 60113, 0.02623907], [60113, 60202, 0.03370787], [60202, 60311, 0.09174312], [60311, 60435, 0.01612903], [60435, 60646, 0.06635071], [60646, 60782, 0.02941176], [60782, 60809, 0.11111111], [60809, 61033, 0.05357143], [61033, 61681, 0.03703704], [61681, 62225, 0.00367647], [62225, 62471, 0.03252033], [62471, 62781, 0.02580645], [62781, 62816, 0.05714286], [62816, 63152, 0.01488095], [63152, 63659, 0.02761341], [63659, 63788, 0.00775194], [63788, 64361, 0.01745201], [64361, 64568, 0.03864734], [64568, 64775, 0.02415459], [64775, 64846, 0.12676056], [64846, 64986, 0.07857143], [64986, 65167, 0.03867403], [65167, 65211, 0.06818182], [65211, 65387, 0.04545455], [65387, 65500, 0.04424779], [65500, 65764, 0.00757576], [65764, 65890, 0.00793651], [65890, 66061, 0.01754386], [66061, 66247, 0.02688172], [66247, 66308, 0.06557377], [66308, 66923, 0.01300813], [66923, 67052, 0.04651163], [67052, 67206, 0.02597403], [67206, 67694, 0.01434426], [67694, 67758, 0.140625], [67758, 68779, 0.01469148], [68779, 69625, 0.0106383], [69625, 69665, 0.1], [69665, 70055, 0.01282051], [70055, 70190, 0.05925926], [70190, 70471, 0.02491103], [70471, 71595, 0.06227758], [71595, 71775, 0.02777778], [71775, 71821, 0.06521739], [71821, 72045, 0.01785714], [72045, 72199, 0.03896104], [72199, 72993, 0.04030227], [72993, 73060, 0.04477612], [73060, 73083, 0.08695652], [73083, 73289, 0.03883495], [73289, 73553, 0.04924242], [73553, 73909, 0.03370787], [73909, 73968, 0.01694915], [73968, 74130, 0.04938272], [74130, 74412, 0.02836879], [74412, 74693, 0.02846975], [74693, 74838, 0.02758621], [74838, 75423, 0.03076923], [75423, 75929, 0.03162055], [75929, 75980, 0.05882353], [75980, 76079, 0.04040404], [76079, 76228, 0.02684564], [76228, 76400, 0.02906977], [76400, 76519, 0.10084034], [76519, 76929, 0.00487805], [76929, 77025, 0.10416667], [77025, 77273, 0.00403226], [77273, 77525, 0.03571429], [77525, 77695, 0.00588235], [77695, 78127, 0.05092593], [78127, 78464, 0.01186944], [78464, 78512, 0.0625], [78512, 78811, 0.00668896], [78811, 79719, 0.06057269], [79719, 79817, 0.01020408], [79817, 79844, 0.14814815], [79844, 80117, 0.003663], [80117, 80570, 0.02207506], [80570, 80683, 0.03539823], [80683, 80960, 0.00722022], [80960, 80980, 0.05], [80980, 81254, 0.03284672], [81254, 81280, 0.03846154], [81280, 81586, 0.03594771], [81586, 81856, 0.03333333], [81856, 82056, 0.025], [82056, 82463, 0.01719902], [82463, 82821, 0.03351955], [82821, 82872, 0.07843137], [82872, 83401, 0.06238185], [83401, 83653, 0.03571429], [83653, 83930, 0.03971119], [83930, 84004, 0.08108108], [84004, 84185, 0.02209945], [84185, 84611, 0.0258216], [84611, 84722, 0.00900901], [84722, 84763, 0.07317073], [84763, 84786, 0.04347826], [84786, 84967, 0.02209945], [84967, 85361, 0.01522843], [85361, 85475, 0.00877193], [85475, 85589, 0.00877193], [85589, 85719, 0.03076923], [85719, 86006, 0.03832753], [86006, 86060, 0.03703704], [86060, 86407, 0.01440922], [86407, 86545, 0.04347826], [86545, 87030, 0.00824742], [87030, 87179, 0.0738255], [87179, 87205, 0.0], [87205, 87534, 0.0212766], [87534, 87616, 0.03658537], [87616, 87948, 0.03915663], [87948, 88112, 0.01829268], [88112, 88282, 0.06470588], [88282, 88901, 0.01615509], [88901, 89462, 0.02673797], [89462, 89896, 0.00921659], [89896, 90119, 0.0896861], [90119, 90257, 0.00724638], [90257, 90448, 0.06806283], [90448, 90516, 0.01470588], [90516, 90830, 0.04140127], [90830, 91099, 0.06319703], [91099, 91324, 0.03111111], [91324, 91475, 0.09271523], [91475, 91743, 0.02985075], [91743, 91939, 0.0255102], [91939, 92141, 0.01485149], [92141, 92384, 0.02880658], [92384, 92639, 0.02745098], [92639, 92711, 0.06944444], [92711, 92735, 0.08333333], [92735, 93052, 0.02839117], [93052, 93335, 0.02826855], [93335, 93624, 0.01384083], [93624, 93945, 0.04049844], [93945, 94288, 0.06122449], [94288, 94919, 0.04120444], [94919, 95602, 0.0761347], [95602, 95854, 0.07142857], [95854, 95967, 0.05309735], [95967, 96379, 0.02669903], [96379, 96482, 0.04854369], [96482, 97095, 0.01305057], [97095, 97331, 0.05084746], [97331, 97945, 0.02117264], [97945, 98519, 0.06620209], [98519, 98569, 0.1], [98569, 99129, 0.00535714], [99129, 99791, 0.02265861], [99791, 99857, 0.16666667], [99857, 100045, 0.0212766], [100045, 100459, 0.06763285], [100459, 100817, 0.04189944], [100817, 101055, 0.05462185], [101055, 101123, 0.10294118], [101123, 101251, 0.078125], [101251, 101980, 0.0260631], [101980, 102189, 0.03827751], [102189, 102531, 0.0877193], [102531, 102720, 0.02116402], [102720, 102922, 0.05940594], [102922, 103206, 0.01408451], [103206, 103418, 0.08018868], [103418, 103504, 0.06976744], [103504, 103813, 0.01618123], [103813, 103851, 0.02631579], [103851, 103973, 0.00819672], [103973, 104135, 0.10493827], [104135, 104174, 0.0], [104174, 104356, 0.01098901], [104356, 104536, 0.00555556], [104536, 105181, 0.04806202], [105181, 105378, 0.01015228], [105378, 105415, 0.02702703], [105415, 105602, 0.05882353], [105602, 105749, 0.05442177], [105749, 105955, 0.02427184], [105955, 106111, 0.02564103], [106111, 106357, 0.01219512], [106357, 106372, 0.06666667], [106372, 106584, 0.00471698], [106584, 106643, 0.10169492], [106643, 106667, 0.04166667], [106667, 107283, 0.04220779], [107283, 107494, 0.00473934], [107494, 108041, 0.05301645], [108041, 108155, 0.00877193], [108155, 108899, 0.01747312], [108899, 108991, 0.01086957], [108991, 109216, 0.04444444], [109216, 109377, 0.00621118], [109377, 109751, 0.06149733], [109751, 109834, 0.01204819], [109834, 110077, 0.03703704], [110077, 110241, 0.0304878], [110241, 110352, 0.03603604], [110352, 110527, 0.00571429], [110527, 110689, 0.04320988], [110689, 110812, 0.00813008], [110812, 111153, 0.01759531], [111153, 111449, 0.01013514], [111449, 111784, 0.06268657], [111784, 111820, 0.02777778], [111820, 112439, 0.00484653], [112439, 112686, 0.04048583], [112686, 113049, 0.02479339], [113049, 113338, 0.04152249], [113338, 113471, 0.0075188], [113471, 113814, 0.02332362], [113814, 113878, 0.03125], [113878, 114129, 0.03585657], [114129, 114391, 0.00763359], [114391, 114428, 0.02702703], [114428, 114622, 0.02061856], [114622, 115278, 0.02896341], [115278, 115401, 0.00813008], [115401, 116512, 0.0270027], [116512, 116747, 0.00425532], [116747, 117299, 0.03804348], [117299, 117320, 0.14285714], [117320, 118308, 0.00607287], [118308, 118779, 0.06581741], [118779, 118917, 0.0], [118917, 119079, 0.01234568], [119079, 119516, 0.04347826], [119516, 119684, 0.07738095], [119684, 119882, 0.02525253], [119882, 119963, 0.02469136], [119963, 120060, 0.13402062], [120060, 120533, 0.00845666], [120533, 120830, 0.003367], [120830, 120885, 0.10909091], [120885, 121571, 0.01020408], [121571, 121787, 0.04166667], [121787, 121992, 0.07317073], [121992, 122110, 0.05084746], [122110, 122239, 0.0620155], [122239, 122310, 0.05633803], [122310, 122508, 0.04040404], [122508, 122561, 0.05660377], [122561, 122756, 0.04102564], [122756, 123323, 0.01763668], [123323, 123619, 0.0472973], [123619, 124289, 0.03731343], [124289, 124480, 0.0104712], [124480, 124639, 0.01886792], [124639, 125191, 0.01449275], [125191, 125606, 0.04337349], [125606, 125793, 0.00534759], [125793, 125971, 0.07303371], [125971, 126102, 0.00763359], [126102, 126379, 0.0433213], [126379, 126566, 0.00534759], [126566, 127010, 0.0518018], [127010, 127174, 0.00609756], [127174, 127558, 0.03645833], [127558, 127793, 0.00425532], [127793, 128109, 0.00632911], [128109, 128406, 0.02356902], [128406, 128590, 0.00543478], [128590, 128797, 0.0531401], [128797, 128968, 0.01169591], [128968, 129777, 0.01236094], [129777, 129914, 0.09489051], [129914, 130239, 0.00923077], [130239, 130427, 0.0106383], [130427, 130693, 0.01879699], [130693, 131354, 0.01210287], [131354, 131749, 0.03544304], [131749, 132231, 0.01244813], [132231, 132250, 0.05263158], [132250, 132380, 0.01538462], [132380, 132572, 0.01041667], [132572, 132648, 0.07894737], [132648, 132761, 0.00884956], [132761, 132832, 0.11267606], [132832, 133236, 0.01732673], [133236, 133528, 0.02054795], [133528, 133599, 0.08450704], [133599, 133780, 0.01104972], [133780, 133977, 0.02538071], [133977, 134216, 0.0376569], [134216, 134463, 0.09716599], [134463, 134582, 0.04201681], [134582, 134744, 0.08024691], [134744, 134829, 0.22352941], [134829, 135268, 0.00683371], [135268, 135689, 0.03325416], [135689, 135921, 0.01293103], [135921, 136060, 0.02877698], [136060, 136265, 0.02926829], [136265, 136625, 0.01388889], [136625, 136788, 0.11042945], [136788, 137082, 0.03061224], [137082, 137128, 0.04347826], [137128, 137373, 0.00816327], [137373, 137689, 0.02531646], [137689, 138004, 0.01904762], [138004, 138217, 0.03286385], [138217, 138438, 0.00904977], [138438, 139007, 0.00878735], [139007, 139583, 0.05208333], [139583, 139695, 0.01785714], [139695, 140085, 0.03846154], [140085, 140149, 0.015625], [140149, 140244, 0.11578947], [140244, 140379, 0.0], [140379, 140674, 0.02711864], [140674, 140759, 0.0], [140759, 141179, 0.04761905], [141179, 141246, 0.0], [141246, 141569, 0.03095975], [141569, 141644, 0.0], [141644, 142103, 0.02614379], [142103, 142229, 0.0], [142229, 142357, 0.03125], [142357, 143197, 0.01428571], [143197, 143508, 0.03858521], [143508, 143590, 0.0], [143590, 143760, 0.04705882], [143760, 143934, 0.03448276], [143934, 144253, 0.05642633], [144253, 144411, 0.03797468], [144411, 144528, 0.05128205], [144528, 144577, 0.10204082], [144577, 145209, 0.00791139], [145209, 145306, 0.09278351], [145306, 145523, 0.02304147], [145523, 145884, 0.02770083], [145884, 146300, 0.00480769], [146300, 147507, 0.06959403], [147507, 147763, 0.00390625], [147763, 147976, 0.07981221], [147976, 148088, 0.00892857], [148088, 148102, 0.07142857], [148102, 148219, 0.00854701], [148219, 148440, 0.03167421], [148440, 148673, 0.00429185], [148673, 148868, 0.06153846], [148868, 148917, 0.04081633], [148917, 149337, 0.03095238], [149337, 149790, 0.01324503], [149790, 151379, 0.04405286], [151379, 151564, 0.01621622], [151564, 151636, 0.11111111], [151636, 152144, 0.02165354], [152144, 152922, 0.0218509], [152922, 153095, 0.02312139], [153095, 153203, 0.09259259], [153203, 153391, 0.01595745], [153391, 153471, 0.125], [153471, 154431, 0.02083333], [154431, 154565, 0.06716418], [154565, 154806, 0.0373444], [154806, 155313, 0.05522682], [155313, 155954, 0.01872075], [155954, 156324, 0.02432432], [156324, 156694, 0.02162162], [156694, 156756, 0.0483871], [156756, 157234, 0.0251046], [157234, 157627, 0.0178117], [157627, 158272, 0.00465116], [158272, 158476, 0.0245098], [158476, 159354, 0.01366743], [159354, 160294, 0.00638298], [160294, 160665, 0.00808625], [160665, 160898, 0.00858369], [160898, 161211, 0.01277955], [161211, 161354, 0.09090909], [161354, 161875, 0.01151631], [161875, 161891, 0.0625], [161891, 162018, 0.02362205], [162018, 162172, 0.00649351], [162172, 162511, 0.00589971], [162511, 162651, 0.00714286], [162651, 163027, 0.0106383], [163027, 163197, 0.00588235], [163197, 163463, 0.0037594], [163463, 163559, 0.10416667], [163559, 163789, 0.0173913], [163789, 164013, 0.10267857], [164013, 164215, 0.00990099], [164215, 164938, 0.02074689], [164938, 165969, 0.02909796], [165969, 166056, 0.02298851], [166056, 166494, 0.03196347], [166494, 166601, 0.00934579], [166601, 166768, 0.05988024], [166768, 166902, 0.03731343], [166902, 167210, 0.02922078], [167210, 167888, 0.04867257], [167888, 167985, 0.03092784], [167985, 168604, 0.06138934], [168604, 168762, 0.05063291], [168762, 169401, 0.05790297], [169401, 169909, 0.01377953], [169909, 169950, 0.02439024], [169950, 170687, 0.01356852], [170687, 170743, 0.03571429], [170743, 170897, 0.00649351], [170897, 171400, 0.00397614], [171400, 172260, 0.00813953], [172260, 172937, 0.01181684], [172937, 173079, 0.07746479], [173079, 173180, 0.0], [173180, 173378, 0.07575758], [173378, 173950, 0.00524476], [173950, 174216, 0.06015038], [174216, 174434, 0.01376147], [174434, 174876, 0.05429864], [174876, 175288, 0.01699029], [175288, 175615, 0.01223242], [175615, 176047, 0.00694444], [176047, 176401, 0.01412429], [176401, 176530, 0.02325581], [176530, 176646, 0.04310345], [176646, 176813, 0.09580838], [176813, 176970, 0.01910828], [176970, 177280, 0.02580645], [177280, 177578, 0.06040268], [177578, 177849, 0.01107011], [177849, 178194, 0.04927536], [178194, 178290, 0.10416667], [178290, 178443, 0.0130719], [178443, 178522, 0.06329114], [178522, 178708, 0.01075269], [178708, 179237, 0.04725898], [179237, 179277, 0.075], [179277, 179369, 0.07608696], [179369, 179388, 0.05263158], [179388, 179473, 0.01176471], [179473, 179492, 0.05263158], [179492, 180120, 0.02707006], [180120, 180220, 0.12], [180220, 180434, 0.02336449], [180434, 180793, 0.05849582], [180793, 180940, 0.0], [180940, 181300, 0.1], [181300, 181489, 0.00529101]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 181489, 0.87280029]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 181489, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 181489, 0.9032101]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 181489, -10007.23461588]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 181489, 1180.59842593]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 181489, 2295.0472843]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 181489, 2473.0]]} |
Jessica Jones Showrunner Raves about Krysten Ritter's Directorial Debut
By Adam Barnhardt - May 31, 2019 04:08 pm EDT
In the matter of a few weeks, the third and final season of Jessica Jones will drop on Netflix and with it, Krysten Ritter's directorial debut. That's right, the actor got her first shot at directing one of this season's episodes and showrunner Melissa Rosenberg couldn't stop raving about it when we spoke with her in the lead-up to the show.
"It's something she's wanted to do for a long time and is certainly qualified to do," Rosenberg tells ComicBook.com. "She and I started talking about it last season as well, but she's in every scene of every episode so it just wasn't possible. And then, as we were creating season three in the writers' room we realized the scene had even been written already and someone went 'Oh my god! She's not even really in this!' So, what a great opportunity."
As Rosenberg says, the episode she directed worked out smooth as it focuses on the ever-growing cast of Jessica Jones supporting characters. According to the award-winning writer, it didn't take long for the teams at Marvel Television and Netflix to agree to give Ritter the chance to direct the show.
"Marvel agreed to it and Netflix did as well," reveals Rosenberg. "So I was able to hire her as a director and it was really very serendipitous that it worked out that way. She just fricking nailed it, man. There was no sign whatsoever that she was a first-time director. I've worked with directors with far more experience that were not even as near organized and specific"
The 13-episode season will be the show's last on Netflix, which pulled the plug on every show it had featuring Marvel superheroes. While the immediate future of the show doesn't look too encouraging, Marvel Television head Jeph Loeb has previously said the characters could live on in different forms.
"I would not be surprised if any of those things reemerged," Loeb previously said of the canceled shows. "It depends on showrunner, it depends on availability of cast, all of those things. It's not like we're a doctor show where the show got canceled because of bad ratings."
Do you think Jessica Jones could come back on a different platform? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!
Jessica Jones Season Three hits Netflix on June 14th. The first two seasons of the show are now streaming. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1958 | {"url": "https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/jessica-jones-krysten-ritter-directorial-debut/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "comicbook.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:32:59Z", "digest": "sha1:OJD67B5Z7OV73DTWMM47BNC2FRPXU4AR"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2392, 2392.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2392, 6866.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2392, 10.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2392, 184.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2392, 0.99]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2392, 228.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2392, 0.46561886]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2392, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2392, 0.03157895]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2392, 0.02631579]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2392, 0.03157895]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2392, 0.00982318]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2392, 0.15127701]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2392, 0.53140097]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2392, 4.58937198]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2392, 5.00727462]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2392, 414.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 72, 0.0], [72, 118, 0.0], [118, 462, 1.0], [462, 914, 0.0], [914, 1216, 1.0], [1216, 1591, 0.0], [1591, 1893, 1.0], [1893, 2169, 0.0], [2169, 2286, 1.0], [2286, 2392, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 72, 0.0], [72, 118, 0.0], [118, 462, 0.0], [462, 914, 0.0], [914, 1216, 0.0], [1216, 1591, 0.0], [1591, 1893, 0.0], [1893, 2169, 0.0], [2169, 2286, 0.0], [2286, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 72, 9.0], [72, 118, 9.0], [118, 462, 61.0], [462, 914, 81.0], [914, 1216, 50.0], [1216, 1591, 67.0], [1591, 1893, 49.0], [1893, 2169, 48.0], [2169, 2286, 21.0], [2286, 2392, 19.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 72, 0.0], [72, 118, 0.24390244], [118, 462, 0.0], [462, 914, 0.0], [914, 1216, 0.0], [1216, 1591, 0.0], [1591, 1893, 0.00680272], [1893, 2169, 0.0], [2169, 2286, 0.0], [2286, 2392, 0.01923077]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 72, 0.0], [72, 118, 0.0], [118, 462, 0.0], [462, 914, 0.0], [914, 1216, 0.0], [1216, 1591, 0.0], [1591, 1893, 0.0], [1893, 2169, 0.0], [2169, 2286, 0.0], [2286, 2392, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 72, 0.11111111], [72, 118, 0.15217391], [118, 462, 0.02616279], [462, 914, 0.02212389], [914, 1216, 0.02980132], [1216, 1591, 0.02133333], [1591, 1893, 0.02649007], [1893, 2169, 0.01449275], [2169, 2286, 0.03418803], [2286, 2392, 0.06603774]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2392, 0.90737897]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2392, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2392, 0.97948128]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2392, 43.68262819]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2392, 68.13965995]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2392, -76.0304359]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2392, 23.0]]} |
A New Kind of Vampire
Insights on Energy Vampires from Best-Selling author, Dr. Christiane Northrup
I’ve spent a lifetime working in the field of health and healing—first as a conventionally trained ob/gyn physician and surgeon and then later as a global teacher who reminds women about everything that can go right with their bodies. And, even more important, how to make this their reality.
During my decades on the front lines of women’s health, I have seen countless women suffer from seemingly inexplicable health conditions. These women eat well. They exercise. They take care of themselves. They manage families, jobs, homes. On paper, everything looks great, but each time I dig deeper into their lives, I find that there is another person at the root of their problems—a person who seems to be literally sucking the life blood from them. I refer to these people as energy vampires.
Most of the women (and also men) afflicted by energy vampires are compassionate, loving, and deeply concerned about the well-being of the people around them. They interact with the energy of other people to a degree that puts them well past being merely compassionate. They don’t simply feel an observational sadness when they see someone suffer; they feel the same suffering, as if they are having a firsthand experience of the pain they are witnessing. These women fall into a category of people known as empaths. My guess is that if you’re reading this, you recognize yourself a bit in this description.
Until quite recently, energy vampires have been largely unrecognized and undiagnosed by society in general and the medical and legal systems in particular. That’s why so few people understand what a problem they are.
I didn’t actually realize the degree to which they affected the lives of my patients until I began researching them because of what was happening in my own life. As an empath, I mistakenly believed that everyone shared the same empathy and compassion that I have. I assumed that no matter how much harm someone was causing to their families or colleagues that deep down, in their heart of hearts, they were good people who meant well. They were simply acting out of their unexpressed pain and denial. It never occurred to me that there are people who are actually predators—who prey on the agreeableness, trust, goodwill, openheartedness, and resourcefulness of others. I couldn’t imagine that there were people who are nearly devoid of empathy, compassion, caring, and the willingness or even capacity to change. But this is exactly what energy vampires are. They are chameleons who can be master manipulators, getting what they want from others without giving anything in return.
Unsuspecting empaths often open their hearts, their bank accounts, and their bodies in order to help these vampires heal their so-called wounds, which actually don’t exist. This is not because the empath is a fool. It results, instead, from the perfect storm of the empath’s desire to be a healing force in the world, combined with the predatory skills of the vampire—and, very often, the unhealed wounds of the empath, who often doesn’t feel worthy of the best life has to offer.
The truth of this was brought into stark focus for me by a series of romantic relationships and with several close friends and some business colleagues. These relationships were sapping me. I felt like I was going crazy. Losing myself. I was always blaming myself and feeling like I needed to improve something. What was I doing wrong? As it turns out, the only thing I was doing wrong was over-giving to people I thought I could heal without including my own needs and well-being in the mix. I had no idea that many people in my life were energy vampires.
This is actually the case for so many people who form relationships with energy vampires. We don’t even know that we’re dealing with one of these masters of Darkness until we become physically ill, lose our friends, our jobs, our incomes, our fertile years, and eventually even our self-esteem and dignity.
The thing about energy vampires is that they target the people who are most likely to put up with their tactics— and those people are empaths, because we have extremely high levels of compassion and empathy. The energy vampires know just how to use this to their own benefit—and to the detriment of the empath.
But there is hope. The mental health profession in particular and society in general is finally getting up to speed on how these energy suckers work—and how predictable they are. They are identifying personality traits and manipulation tactics. They are figuring out how to recognize vampires and opening up new pathways to leave these relationships.
As an empath, you have special gifts that bring light to the world. Your compassion and empathy are healing salves for the people around you and the planet itself. You were not put on earth to be the energy source of a vampire. You are here to bring your light to the world.
Dodging Energy Vampires by Dr. Christiane Northrup. It can be found online at hayhouse.com or amazon.com. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1959 | {"url": "https://community.thriveglobal.com/a-new-kind-of-vampire/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "community.thriveglobal.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:13:45Z", "digest": "sha1:LXHQJECQINONOZSHMGWQRDZWBVYBGIVV"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 5084, 5084.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 5084, 6221.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 5084, 14.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 5084, 93.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 5084, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 5084, 231.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 5084, 0.47326733]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 5084, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 5084, 0.03397234]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 5084, 0.00873574]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 5084, 0.00727979]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 5084, 0.02079208]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 5084, 0.12277228]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 5084, 0.44586729]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 5084, 4.79743888]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 5084, 5.33568557]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 5084, 859.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 22, 0.0], [22, 100, 0.0], [100, 393, 1.0], [393, 891, 1.0], [891, 1498, 1.0], [1498, 1715, 1.0], [1715, 2697, 1.0], [2697, 3178, 1.0], [3178, 3735, 1.0], [3735, 4042, 1.0], [4042, 4353, 1.0], [4353, 4704, 1.0], [4704, 4979, 1.0], [4979, 5084, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 22, 0.0], [22, 100, 0.0], [100, 393, 0.0], [393, 891, 0.0], [891, 1498, 0.0], [1498, 1715, 0.0], [1715, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3178, 0.0], [3178, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 4042, 0.0], [4042, 4353, 0.0], [4353, 4704, 0.0], [4704, 4979, 0.0], [4979, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 22, 5.0], [22, 100, 10.0], [100, 393, 49.0], [393, 891, 84.0], [891, 1498, 102.0], [1498, 1715, 34.0], [1715, 2697, 162.0], [2697, 3178, 82.0], [3178, 3735, 101.0], [3735, 4042, 51.0], [4042, 4353, 55.0], [4353, 4704, 55.0], [4704, 4979, 53.0], [4979, 5084, 16.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 22, 0.0], [22, 100, 0.0], [100, 393, 0.0], [393, 891, 0.0], [891, 1498, 0.0], [1498, 1715, 0.0], [1715, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3178, 0.0], [3178, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 4042, 0.0], [4042, 4353, 0.0], [4353, 4704, 0.0], [4704, 4979, 0.0], [4979, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 22, 0.0], [22, 100, 0.0], [100, 393, 0.0], [393, 891, 0.0], [891, 1498, 0.0], [1498, 1715, 0.0], [1715, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3178, 0.0], [3178, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 4042, 0.0], [4042, 4353, 0.0], [4353, 4704, 0.0], [4704, 4979, 0.0], [4979, 5084, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 22, 0.18181818], [22, 100, 0.1025641], [100, 393, 0.00682594], [393, 891, 0.02008032], [891, 1498, 0.00823723], [1498, 1715, 0.00921659], [1715, 2697, 0.01120163], [2697, 3178, 0.00623701], [3178, 3735, 0.02513465], [3735, 4042, 0.00977199], [4042, 4353, 0.00643087], [4353, 4704, 0.01139601], [4704, 4979, 0.01454545], [4979, 5084, 0.06666667]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 5084, 0.51879787]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 5084, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 5084, 0.07702154]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 5084, -55.52359038]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 5084, 113.55832273]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 5084, -287.5553071]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 5084, 53.0]]} |
Are Managers Our Last Great Hope?
I’ll never forget the time that I reached into my box and pulled out a form with big red letters across it: DENIED WITHOUT PAYMENT. At the time, I was a teacher at a charter high school in San Francisco. Following a routine eye exam, I needed to schedule a scary follow-up appointment with a … Continued
Laura Putnam
I’ll never forget the time that I reached into my box and pulled out a form with big red letters across it: DENIED WITHOUT PAYMENT.
At the time, I was a teacher at a charter high school in San Francisco. Following a routine eye exam, I needed to schedule a scary follow-up appointment with a specialized eye institute to assess whether or not I was at risk of going blind. The catch was that the latest appointment I could book was at 1 pm, meaning I was going to have to miss some school. I thought through this hard. How could I take care of my own health and at the same time make sure that my students wouldn’t be left behind? Yes, there was always the option of calling in sick and getting a sub, but everyone knows that sub equals no work. Plus, a sub equals more money spent, which my underfunded school could ill afford. Therefore, the best plan, I deduced, would be to make the appointment on a Wednesday afternoon, the day that students were dismissed at noon to allow for professional development time for faculty and staff.
Appointment set, I submitted the requisite form requesting time off (a formality, or so I thought), and then didn’t think much of it.
Fast forward one month later: I got the notice in my box. I was puzzled and thought surely this must be some kind of mistake. And, surely, after explaining, the principal (my boss) would change his mind. We scheduled a time, and after I sat down, I provided the full story. He gazed back at me with feigned compassion. “Yes, I can see how that would be frustrating.” Then, he paused. “However, professional development time is even more important than classroom time. I just can’t have you missing that. So, I stand by my decision.” I then countered with, “So, let me get this straight, what if I had just pretended to be sick, called in the morning to get a last-minute sub, would I have received payment?” “Yes,” he blankly responded. I followed the thread further. “You mean if I had lied, I would not have been denied payment?” He nodded. “That’s correct.”
No surprise, I didn’t return at the end of the year. I left my boss – not my job. And, Gallup estimates that 75% of employees who voluntarily leave their jobs do the same.
But, it’s more than that. At that moment, I needed my boss to have my back, and he didn’t.
If you’re a boss, I can guarantee that your team members need you to have their back more than ever. A recent Boston University School of Public Health study revealed that rates of depression in America have tripled since the onset of the pandemic. And, while engagement rates went up to record highs at the start of the pandemic, they are now at record lows.
As a manager, what can you do to help your team navigate this challenging time?
Do. Prioritize your own self-care. Not only will you be better for it; your team members will be, as well. They are looking to you to lead by example. That may feel like a lot of pressure, but the truth is that it’s not about being perfect; it’s about making the effort. Your team members are looking to you “make it OK” to engage with their well-being.
Speak. Are you engaging in in conversations about well-being with your team members? This can require a certain level of vulnerability but can make all the difference. Consider that in this time when many of us are feeling our most fragile selves, more than half of employees are fearful of talking about their mental health with their boss.
Create. While you may have little influence over what’s happening in the larger organization (not to mention what’s happening in our world!), you can take measures to carve out an oasis of well-being. With thoughtful rituals, systems, processes and activities, you can create the conditions that promote better health and well-being – even if your team is now virtually connected.
While it may sound like an overstatement, maybe managers really are our last hope. At a minimum, a manager that is invested in well-being can make a big difference for the people they lead.
I know that it sure would have made a difference for me.
International Speaker | CEO, Motion Infusion & Author, Workplace Wellness That Works
Motion Infusion
Laura Putnam, MA, author of the #1 Amazon Hot New Release in HR & Personnel Management Workplace Wellness That Works (WILEY, 2015), is CEO and founder of Motion Infusion, a leading well-being and learning provider. Her work has been covered by MSNBC, The New York Times, Forbes, US News & World Report, Entrepreneur, Business Insider, and NPR. She is a former urban public high school teacher, L&D professional, public policy advocate, international community organizer, dancer, gymnast and now a movement-builder in the world of health and well-being. With a mission to get people and organizations “in motion,” Laura is a frequent keynote speaker and has worked with a range of organizations from Fortune 500s to government agencies to academic institutes and nonprofits. She teaches at Stanford University, is the recipient of the American Heart Association's "2020 Impact" award as well as the National Wellness Institute’s “Circle of Leadership” award. A graduate of Brown University and Stanford University, Laura lives in San Francisco with her fiancé. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1960 | {"url": "https://community.thriveglobal.com/are-managers-our-last-great-hope/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "community.thriveglobal.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:38:48Z", "digest": "sha1:S7SBNCCA3L26WVVJR3PHBB7N6LBM2GLI"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 5569, 5569.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 5569, 6681.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 5569, 19.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 5569, 95.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 5569, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 5569, 249.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 5569, 0.41645676]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 5569, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 5569, 0.10435961]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 5569, 0.10435961]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 5569, 0.10435961]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 5569, 0.10435961]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 5569, 0.10435961]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 5569, 0.10435961]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 5569, 0.01084256]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 5569, 0.0135532]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 5569, 0.00813192]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 5569, 0.04450042]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 5569, 0.16540722]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 5569, 0.44090442]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 5569, 4.54984584]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 5569, 0.00167926]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 5569, 5.47970171]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 5569, 973.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 34, 1.0], [34, 338, 0.0], [338, 351, 0.0], [351, 483, 1.0], [483, 1387, 1.0], [1387, 1521, 1.0], [1521, 2382, 1.0], [2382, 2554, 1.0], [2554, 2645, 1.0], [2645, 3005, 1.0], [3005, 3085, 1.0], [3085, 3439, 1.0], [3439, 3781, 1.0], [3781, 4162, 1.0], [4162, 4352, 1.0], [4352, 4409, 1.0], [4409, 4494, 0.0], [4494, 4510, 0.0], [4510, 5569, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 338, 0.0], [338, 351, 0.0], [351, 483, 0.0], [483, 1387, 0.0], [1387, 1521, 0.0], [1521, 2382, 0.0], [2382, 2554, 0.0], [2554, 2645, 0.0], [2645, 3005, 0.0], [3005, 3085, 0.0], [3085, 3439, 0.0], [3439, 3781, 0.0], [3781, 4162, 0.0], [4162, 4352, 0.0], [4352, 4409, 0.0], [4409, 4494, 0.0], [4494, 4510, 0.0], [4510, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 34, 6.0], [34, 338, 57.0], [338, 351, 2.0], [351, 483, 25.0], [483, 1387, 167.0], [1387, 1521, 23.0], [1521, 2382, 154.0], [2382, 2554, 34.0], [2554, 2645, 19.0], [2645, 3005, 65.0], [3005, 3085, 15.0], [3085, 3439, 67.0], [3439, 3781, 58.0], [3781, 4162, 60.0], [4162, 4352, 34.0], [4352, 4409, 12.0], [4409, 4494, 10.0], [4494, 4510, 2.0], [4510, 5569, 163.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 338, 0.0], [338, 351, 0.0], [351, 483, 0.0], [483, 1387, 0.0011325], [1387, 1521, 0.0], [1521, 2382, 0.0], [2382, 2554, 0.01212121], [2554, 2645, 0.0], [2645, 3005, 0.0], [3005, 3085, 0.0], [3085, 3439, 0.0], [3439, 3781, 0.0], [3781, 4162, 0.0], [4162, 4352, 0.0], [4352, 4409, 0.0], [4409, 4494, 0.0], [4494, 4510, 0.0], [4510, 5569, 0.01175318]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 338, 0.0], [338, 351, 0.0], [351, 483, 0.0], [483, 1387, 0.0], [1387, 1521, 0.0], [1521, 2382, 0.0], [2382, 2554, 0.0], [2554, 2645, 0.0], [2645, 3005, 0.0], [3005, 3085, 0.0], [3085, 3439, 0.0], [3439, 3781, 0.0], [3781, 4162, 0.0], [4162, 4352, 0.0], [4352, 4409, 0.0], [4409, 4494, 0.0], [4494, 4510, 0.0], [4510, 5569, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.17647059], [34, 338, 0.09539474], [338, 351, 0.15384615], [351, 483, 0.16666667], [483, 1387, 0.0199115], [1387, 1521, 0.02238806], [1521, 2382, 0.03019744], [2382, 2554, 0.02906977], [2554, 2645, 0.03296703], [2645, 3005, 0.02777778], [3005, 3085, 0.0125], [3085, 3439, 0.02259887], [3439, 3781, 0.01169591], [3781, 4162, 0.00787402], [4162, 4352, 0.01052632], [4352, 4409, 0.01754386], [4409, 4494, 0.14117647], [4494, 4510, 0.125], [4510, 5569, 0.06987724]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 5569, 0.35031587]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 5569, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 5569, 0.18782693]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 5569, -156.98917944]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 5569, 93.05957231]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 5569, -462.82854326]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 5569, 61.0]]} |
Quick Talk with Best-Selling Author Gene Swank
Gene is the author of the best-seller "No Money Down." He is a serial entrepreneur who has been responsible for successful ventures in the manufacturing, technology, fashion, real estate & education verticals.
Robert Luo
Robert: Have you always been entrepreneurial?
Gene: Yes, I think I’ve definitely had an entrepreneurial spirit since I was a young child. My first venture as a young “entrepreneur” was during elementary school. Every day I would ride the school bus to school and sell candy to other kids. I would buy candy from Sams Club in bulk, put it into zip lock bags and sell it to the other kids on the bus. At the age of 18, I took over running my family farming business and even for the 14 years after college when I worked as a software engineer, I always had some sort of side business going on. Whether it was buying items from yard sales and flipping them or writing code for fellow business owners, I think I’ve always had a tendency to lean towards entrepreneurship.
Robert: Where did this idea of Propellant Lab come from?
Gene: David and I have started several companies over the years and we always wished there was a community of like-minded individuals that we could lean on for help. There are plenty of incubator and accelerators out there and we even participated in one a long time ago, but their focus was more about churning out cohorts and less about being in the trenches with their members. We created Propellant Labs because while we have had a ton of success stories, we have also made a lot of mistakes and we wanted to share those experiences with other founders. Our goal at Propellant is to help entrepreneurs (at all levels in their entrepreneurial journey).
Robert: How did you develop the company from the first thought you had of it?
Gene: I believe that most businesses fail because they did not test the market first. When starting Propellant (just like with my previous startups), we began talking to founders to see if there was even a need for our new twist on an incubator. We listened to the market and the market loved our concept, so we incorporated and in October of 2018, we launched our first cohort.
Robert: What are the difficulties of running an incubator?
Gene: We work with a lot of founders and every person has their own needs, we love helping our members reach their business goals. Unfortunately, we can’t accept everyone into the program, we have a limited number of seats and not everyone is coachable. I think one of the most difficult parts of running an incubator is telling someone that they didn’t get accepted into the incubator program. While we may not have a spot for them in the program, we still want to encourage them to keep working on their dream company.
Robert: What are the next steps for the company?
Gene: Our next logical step is to continue to expand the incubator and to offer external services (like development, legal, etc to our members). We already have a few of these partnerships locked in, but in the next year or so, we want to expand on this. We have a few other amazing things in the works, but I can’t disclose them publicly yet.
Robert: What’s the ultimate vision for the company moving forward?
Gene: Our ultimate goal is to help 1000+ founders grow their company to $1M or more per year in revenue. Fortunately, we are making a ton of progress towards reaching this goal.
Robert: If someone wants to grow a business, what’re some of the first things they should think about?
Gene: I mentioned this previously, but understanding who is your target audience, is key to success. Money does NOT cure all of your problems. In fact, I recently wrote a book called No Money Down that focuses on starting and scaling a business, without blowing through your entire life savings. Imagine raising $1M in venture funding and then spending the vast majority of that capital on marketing. I have a friend that owns a custom tobacco products company when he first launched, he was convinced that his target audience would be entirely male. After testing the market, he quickly came to the realization that this is a product that men do not buy for themselves, it is their wives, girlfriends or for parties. So imagine what would have happened if he didn’t test the market and would have continued marketing to men only. Always listen to the market, it will definitely help you figure out the best way to scale.
Robert: What have been some of the most valuable resources you’ve come across as you’ve gone through your entrepreneurial journey?
Gene: Entrepreneurship communities (like what we offer at Propellant Labs). Entrepreneurship can be very lonely and having a friendly face that knows what you’re going through and that you can lean on, can really help you get through some tough times.
Robert: What do you do to manage the ups and downs of entrepreneurship and how do you unwind/destress?
Gene: I don’t drink, smoke, party, etc, which is the traditional way to “unwind”. I prefer spending as much time as possible with my beautiful family. It is my favorite thing to do and reminds me of why I work so hard every day.
Robert: What are the biggest lessons or takeaways so far in your entrepreneurial career and any advice you have for aspiring entrepreneurs or early-stage founders?
Gene: My biggest piece of advice is to NOT become an entrepreneur for the money. The hours are long, the work is difficult and many times you will go a long time without taking a paycheck. Also, surround yourself with people that have a similar mindset and bring people onto your team that are hungry, but not starving. What I mean by that is, look for teammates that have the drive, but aren’t so “hungry” that they get desperate and start cutting corners.
Robert: Where can people go learn more about you and what you’re doing?
Gene: If anyone is interested in learning more about what I am up to, you can visit my Linkedin Profile, visit my personal website or of course check out Propellant Labs
best-selling author | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1961 | {"url": "https://community.thriveglobal.com/quick-talk-with-best-selling-author-gene-swank/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "community.thriveglobal.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:06:31Z", "digest": "sha1:M57USBRBQCCQVPQKXYVSQLFGQMMAILSD"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 6046, 6046.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 6046, 7100.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 6046, 26.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 6046, 99.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 6046, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 6046, 302.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 6046, 0.48094079]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 6046, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 6046, 0.01114091]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 6046, 0.00804621]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 6046, 0.00990303]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 6046, 0.02108678]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 6046, 0.12733171]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 6046, 0.41698113]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 6046, 4.57264151]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 6046, 5.4872826]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 6046, 1060.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 257, 1.0], [257, 268, 0.0], [268, 314, 1.0], [314, 1035, 1.0], [1035, 1092, 1.0], [1092, 1748, 1.0], [1748, 1826, 1.0], [1826, 2205, 1.0], [2205, 2264, 1.0], [2264, 2785, 1.0], [2785, 2834, 1.0], [2834, 3178, 1.0], [3178, 3245, 1.0], [3245, 3423, 1.0], [3423, 3526, 1.0], [3526, 4448, 1.0], [4448, 4579, 1.0], [4579, 4831, 1.0], [4831, 4934, 1.0], [4934, 5163, 1.0], [5163, 5327, 1.0], [5327, 5785, 1.0], [5785, 5857, 1.0], [5857, 6027, 0.0], [6027, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 257, 0.0], [257, 268, 0.0], [268, 314, 0.0], [314, 1035, 0.0], [1035, 1092, 0.0], [1092, 1748, 0.0], [1748, 1826, 0.0], [1826, 2205, 0.0], [2205, 2264, 0.0], [2264, 2785, 0.0], [2785, 2834, 0.0], [2834, 3178, 0.0], [3178, 3245, 0.0], [3245, 3423, 0.0], [3423, 3526, 0.0], [3526, 4448, 0.0], [4448, 4579, 0.0], [4579, 4831, 0.0], [4831, 4934, 0.0], [4934, 5163, 0.0], [5163, 5327, 0.0], [5327, 5785, 0.0], [5785, 5857, 0.0], [5857, 6027, 0.0], [6027, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 47, 7.0], [47, 257, 31.0], [257, 268, 2.0], [268, 314, 6.0], [314, 1035, 135.0], [1035, 1092, 10.0], [1092, 1748, 114.0], [1748, 1826, 15.0], [1826, 2205, 68.0], [2205, 2264, 9.0], [2264, 2785, 93.0], [2785, 2834, 9.0], [2834, 3178, 64.0], [3178, 3245, 10.0], [3245, 3423, 32.0], [3423, 3526, 18.0], [3526, 4448, 160.0], [4448, 4579, 20.0], [4579, 4831, 41.0], [4831, 4934, 18.0], [4934, 5163, 44.0], [5163, 5327, 25.0], [5327, 5785, 83.0], [5785, 5857, 13.0], [5857, 6027, 31.0], [6027, 6046, 2.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 257, 0.0], [257, 268, 0.0], [268, 314, 0.0], [314, 1035, 0.00564972], [1035, 1092, 0.0], [1092, 1748, 0.0], [1748, 1826, 0.0], [1826, 2205, 0.01084011], [2205, 2264, 0.0], [2264, 2785, 0.0], [2785, 2834, 0.0], [2834, 3178, 0.0], [3178, 3245, 0.0], [3245, 3423, 0.02923977], [3423, 3526, 0.0], [3526, 4448, 0.00110865], [4448, 4579, 0.0], [4579, 4831, 0.0], [4831, 4934, 0.0], [4934, 5163, 0.0], [5163, 5327, 0.0], [5327, 5785, 0.0], [5785, 5857, 0.0], [5857, 6027, 0.0], [6027, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 47, 0.0], [47, 257, 0.0], [257, 268, 0.0], [268, 314, 0.0], [314, 1035, 0.0], [1035, 1092, 0.0], [1092, 1748, 0.0], [1748, 1826, 0.0], [1826, 2205, 0.0], [2205, 2264, 0.0], [2264, 2785, 0.0], [2785, 2834, 0.0], [2834, 3178, 0.0], [3178, 3245, 0.0], [3245, 3423, 0.0], [3423, 3526, 0.0], [3526, 4448, 0.0], [4448, 4579, 0.0], [4579, 4831, 0.0], [4831, 4934, 0.0], [4934, 5163, 0.0], [5163, 5327, 0.0], [5327, 5785, 0.0], [5785, 5857, 0.0], [5857, 6027, 0.0], [6027, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 47, 0.14893617], [47, 257, 0.02380952], [257, 268, 0.18181818], [268, 314, 0.04347826], [314, 1035, 0.02496533], [1035, 1092, 0.07017544], [1092, 1748, 0.01371951], [1748, 1826, 0.02564103], [1826, 2205, 0.01583113], [2205, 2264, 0.03389831], [2264, 2785, 0.00959693], [2785, 2834, 0.04081633], [2834, 3178, 0.01453488], [3178, 3245, 0.02985075], [3245, 3423, 0.02247191], [3423, 3526, 0.01941748], [3526, 4448, 0.01843818], [4448, 4579, 0.01526718], [4579, 4831, 0.01984127], [4831, 4934, 0.01941748], [4934, 5163, 0.02183406], [5163, 5327, 0.01219512], [5327, 5785, 0.01965066], [5785, 5857, 0.02777778], [5857, 6027, 0.04117647], [6027, 6046, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 6046, 0.2893011]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 6046, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 6046, 0.13686907]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 6046, -186.78784212]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 6046, 53.50263491]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 6046, -527.22205185]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 6046, 53.0]]} |
Ask Anne: How to Make the Right Hire
Business Improvement, Voices
McClain Furniture Store Building
I am having the biggest problem in hiring the right people. How do I make the right decisions so people want to work here for the long haul?
People will stay on the job if they like the work and the culture — and if the compensation is in line with industry standards. There’s a handy acronym to help you make the RIGHT hire.
R — Responsibility. How much responsibility does each interviewer take to ensure a successful job match? There is no quick fit when it comes to hiring. Decision-makers need to learn to take the process carefully.
I — Information. You need to be on a quest for information about your job candidates. Learn what culture they prefer to work in, the management style that works best for them, their technical skills and leadership abilities, and what they want from you as a leader. Ask each candidate the same questions so you can compare apples to apples.
G — Goals. Always set the goal of making every staffing match between a candidate and the position a win-win-win. The job candidate wins when the job meets his or her employment needs and career desires. The company wins when the candidate you match to the job is the best you can recommend to solve issues or help your company grow. You win when the candidate you endorse is an asset to you in your job and contributes to make the team stronger.
H — Habits. There is no room for complacency. Form good work habits that minimize the possibility of picking the wrong candidate. Develop and implement a thorough matching process that becomes a habit.
T — Team. Team focus is essential when hiring a new person. Every time someone is hired, it affects the team. Your team members look to you to make the very best recommendation to help their department work well together and succeed.
Remember it’ll take a while, too. Writing job descriptions, advertising open vacancies, calling candidates to arrange meetings, interviewing, and making hiring decisions is tough work and time consuming, especially for those businesspeople without HR prowess.
I am a small business owner with eight employees. Before the company started three years ago, all the employees, including me, worked for another company. The issue I’m having trouble with is that most of the employees see me as a co-worker and friend, not an authority figure or their boss. What can I do?
I bet you find yourself not knowing how to act at work these days. I’m a boss — generally, I handle things quickly and stay as upfront and positive as I can be. Personally, I’m more comfortable talking to employees individually than in a group setting. When you’re one-on-one, you’re able to discuss all problems they have and issues that they might see in the company. They may feel free to give suggestions. Often, in a group, people don’t speak up.
If you haven’t read “The Four Agreements,” by Don Michel Ruiz, I highly suggest you do. It’s a short read, but it has a message to live by. Ruiz outlines “four agreements” that we’ve all learned and practiced along our way. The problem is we often leave out a step, don’t remember all four at the same time, or just forget the whole thing.
Though I’m not perfect, I do try to live this way. When it comes to working with employees, I think the agreements are extra valuable.
The basic agreements:
Be impeccable with your word. Don’t lie to your employees, be to the point, don’t gossip about anyone.
Don’t take anything personally. People don’t do things to hurt you intentionally; people say or do things for themselves.
Don’t make assumptions. See, hear, speak, and write well in order to avoid misunderstandings or drama in the workforce.
Always do your best. Your best is your best depending on a lot of things. When you do your best, you set a great example for others and will never have room for regret in your world.
Anne Williams is the president of JobFindersUSA. She is not an attorney. All content in this column is not guaranteed for accuracy and legality and is not to be construed as legal advice.
Matt Patston December 28, 2017 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1962 | {"url": "https://comomag.com/2017/12/28/ask-anne-make-right-hire/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "comomag.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:39:58Z", "digest": "sha1:XGTKMOCDCIOI2GXZW3742ZYXZDCV4ULR"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 4124, 4124.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 4124, 8591.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 4124, 22.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 4124, 219.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 4124, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 4124, 334.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 4124, 0.43613349]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 4124, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 4124, 0.01060285]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 4124, 0.00817934]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 4124, 0.00969403]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 4124, 0.02416571]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 4124, 0.14729574]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 4124, 0.47245179]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 4124, 4.54683196]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 4124, 5.27602155]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 4124, 726.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 37, 0.0], [37, 66, 0.0], [66, 99, 0.0], [99, 240, 1.0], [240, 425, 1.0], [425, 638, 1.0], [638, 979, 1.0], [979, 1426, 1.0], [1426, 1628, 1.0], [1628, 1862, 1.0], [1862, 2122, 1.0], [2122, 2429, 1.0], [2429, 2881, 1.0], [2881, 3221, 1.0], [3221, 3356, 1.0], [3356, 3378, 0.0], [3378, 3481, 1.0], [3481, 3603, 1.0], [3603, 3723, 1.0], [3723, 3906, 1.0], [3906, 4094, 1.0], [4094, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 37, 0.0], [37, 66, 0.0], [66, 99, 0.0], [99, 240, 0.0], [240, 425, 0.0], [425, 638, 0.0], [638, 979, 0.0], [979, 1426, 0.0], [1426, 1628, 0.0], [1628, 1862, 0.0], [1862, 2122, 0.0], [2122, 2429, 0.0], [2429, 2881, 0.0], [2881, 3221, 0.0], [3221, 3356, 0.0], [3356, 3378, 0.0], [3378, 3481, 0.0], [3481, 3603, 0.0], [3603, 3723, 0.0], [3723, 3906, 0.0], [3906, 4094, 0.0], [4094, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 37, 8.0], [37, 66, 3.0], [66, 99, 4.0], [99, 240, 28.0], [240, 425, 36.0], [425, 638, 35.0], [638, 979, 60.0], [979, 1426, 83.0], [1426, 1628, 33.0], [1628, 1862, 42.0], [1862, 2122, 35.0], [2122, 2429, 55.0], [2429, 2881, 81.0], [2881, 3221, 64.0], [3221, 3356, 25.0], [3356, 3378, 3.0], [3378, 3481, 18.0], [3481, 3603, 19.0], [3603, 3723, 19.0], [3723, 3906, 37.0], [3906, 4094, 33.0], [4094, 4124, 5.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 37, 0.0], [37, 66, 0.0], [66, 99, 0.0], [99, 240, 0.0], [240, 425, 0.0], [425, 638, 0.0], [638, 979, 0.0], [979, 1426, 0.0], [1426, 1628, 0.0], [1628, 1862, 0.0], [1862, 2122, 0.0], [2122, 2429, 0.0], [2429, 2881, 0.0], [2881, 3221, 0.0], [3221, 3356, 0.0], [3356, 3378, 0.0], [3378, 3481, 0.0], [3481, 3603, 0.0], [3603, 3723, 0.0], [3723, 3906, 0.0], [3906, 4094, 0.0], [4094, 4124, 0.20689655]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 37, 0.0], [37, 66, 0.0], [66, 99, 0.0], [99, 240, 0.0], [240, 425, 0.0], [425, 638, 0.0], [638, 979, 0.0], [979, 1426, 0.0], [1426, 1628, 0.0], [1628, 1862, 0.0], [1862, 2122, 0.0], [2122, 2429, 0.0], [2429, 2881, 0.0], [2881, 3221, 0.0], [3221, 3356, 0.0], [3356, 3378, 0.0], [3378, 3481, 0.0], [3481, 3603, 0.0], [3603, 3723, 0.0], [3723, 3906, 0.0], [3906, 4094, 0.0], [4094, 4124, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 37, 0.16216216], [37, 66, 0.10344828], [66, 99, 0.15151515], [99, 240, 0.0212766], [240, 425, 0.03783784], [425, 638, 0.02347418], [638, 979, 0.01466276], [979, 1426, 0.01342282], [1426, 1628, 0.02475248], [1628, 1862, 0.02136752], [1862, 2122, 0.01538462], [2122, 2429, 0.01954397], [2429, 2881, 0.0199115], [2881, 3221, 0.03235294], [3221, 3356, 0.03703704], [3356, 3378, 0.04545455], [3378, 3481, 0.01941748], [3481, 3603, 0.01639344], [3603, 3723, 0.01666667], [3723, 3906, 0.01639344], [3906, 4094, 0.04787234], [4094, 4124, 0.1]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 4124, 0.20357424]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 4124, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 4124, 0.0585354]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 4124, -239.50839561]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 4124, 36.19186643]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 4124, -420.65387446]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 4124, 56.0]]} |
Flyer (PDF) | Online-registration
We are pleased to announce that the series "SoCompliance", which we have announced, will be held in Hamburg 25 February 2019.
Registrations will be requested as soon as possible. The confirmation takes place in the order of the received registrations. No fee will be charged for attending the SoCompliance events.
You can register by fax, email, post or via the online registration form on the website of the Compliance Academy Münster.
Further information can be found in the flyer listed above.
Your VCC team
Compliance officers face significant challenges in day-to-day practice: they are required to track and continually update their organization's risk situation and to ensure the implementation of the binding rule in the organization. Therefore, in order to live up to their profession, every compliance officer must be constantly updated, not only on compliance risks, but also on various methods and their management. SoCompliance helps compliance officers to stay up to date. In our compact after-work events, we present up to three current topics with a subsequent round of questions. The topic selection varies continuously in order to be able to handle as much bandwidth as possible. SoCompliance would not be a society compliance if we had not additionally provided for the conclusion and exchange after the lectures. Also for this you are cordially invited!
SoCompliance is the right choice for you when you are dealing with compliance management in your organization. Whether you are a Compliance Officer, a Chief Compliance Officer, a Compliance Manager, a Compliance Officer, or a Compliance Officer, at SoCompliance you will find up-to-the-minute technical information from a first-hand expert. Of course, all other people who are interested in current compliance issues are also welcome. Your educational background is irrelevant, we will neither bore you with complicated legal expertise, nor require you to have specialist knowledge, e.g. in accounting. Compliance Management requires interdisciplinary expertise and so interdisciplinary are our lectures and topics.
Partner of the event
The organizers, the Compliance Academy GmbH and the Viadrina Compliance Center, are standing for many years of experience, excellent networking and they stay in contact with highly qualified speakers. The Viadrina Compliance Center ensures the quality of the meetings and speakers. We have consciously chosen our strong partners. With the German Institute for Compliance (DICO) and we have won the renowned Compliance Institute, which in addition to many Chief Compliance Officers of the DAX companies, are excellent advisers and other subject matter experts. Our media partner, the Bundesanzeiger Verlag, mainly offers extensive specialist literature and the specialist magazine COMPLY. We owe our sponsors, including Deloitte, not only top speakers, but also the possibility that you can participate in the event completely free of charge. The constellation promises you a performance at the highest level!
SoCompliance is one of the few events in Germany that is offered free of charge, ensuring the level and quality of a university symposium. Within just a few hours you will learn what the current trends and legal risks are. At the same time, you are expanding your know-how for your daily compliance practice. In the discussion rounds individual questions can be answered. The end of the event with some finger food and drinks promises further individual exchange in a cozy and familiar atmosphere. SoCompliance. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1963 | {"url": "https://compliance-academia.de/en/events/socompliance/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "compliance-academia.de", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:01:05Z", "digest": "sha1:CIXSFLR56KER7IKPDIW3TISICFHLBTGW"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3565, 3565.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3565, 6161.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3565, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3565, 180.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3565, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3565, 320.3]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3565, 0.40944882]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3565, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3565, 0.01360082]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3565, 0.0183611]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3565, 0.0183611]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3565, 0.00787402]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3565, 0.12913386]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3565, 0.49264706]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3565, 5.40625]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3565, 5.02662805]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3565, 544.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 160, 1.0], [160, 348, 1.0], [348, 471, 1.0], [471, 531, 1.0], [531, 545, 0.0], [545, 1408, 1.0], [1408, 2124, 1.0], [2124, 2145, 0.0], [2145, 3054, 1.0], [3054, 3565, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 160, 0.0], [160, 348, 0.0], [348, 471, 0.0], [471, 531, 0.0], [531, 545, 0.0], [545, 1408, 0.0], [1408, 2124, 0.0], [2124, 2145, 0.0], [2145, 3054, 0.0], [3054, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 34, 3.0], [34, 160, 21.0], [160, 348, 29.0], [348, 471, 21.0], [471, 531, 10.0], [531, 545, 3.0], [545, 1408, 133.0], [1408, 2124, 101.0], [2124, 2145, 4.0], [2145, 3054, 134.0], [3054, 3565, 85.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 160, 0.05], [160, 348, 0.0], [348, 471, 0.0], [471, 531, 0.0], [531, 545, 0.0], [545, 1408, 0.0], [1408, 2124, 0.0], [2124, 2145, 0.0], [2145, 3054, 0.0], [3054, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 160, 0.0], [160, 348, 0.0], [348, 471, 0.0], [471, 531, 0.0], [531, 545, 0.0], [545, 1408, 0.0], [1408, 2124, 0.0], [2124, 2145, 0.0], [2145, 3054, 0.0], [3054, 3565, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.14705882], [34, 160, 0.03968254], [160, 348, 0.02659574], [348, 471, 0.03252033], [471, 531, 0.01666667], [531, 545, 0.28571429], [545, 1408, 0.01042874], [1408, 2124, 0.02793296], [2124, 2145, 0.04761905], [2145, 3054, 0.04510451], [3054, 3565, 0.01761252]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3565, 0.13978767]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3565, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3565, 0.0098803]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3565, -73.81312874]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3565, 7.67138793]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3565, -110.32805615]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3565, 33.0]]} |
Compton College / Student Success / Compton College Student Success - Carlos Ornelas
Carlos Ornelas
Carlos Ornelas graduated from Lynwood High School in 1997, but it would be years before he eventually enrolled at El Camino College Compton Center in 2011. Once Ornelas, a single father, made the decision to return to school, he jumped in with both feet. Currently, he serves as vice president of the Associated Student Body (ASB) and is looking forward to transferring to University of California at Berkeley; Davis; or Irvine; or UCLA in fall 2013 to continue his studies in English.
Ornelas initially began college as an audio engineering major, but quickly realized that changing courses to study English would fulfill his lifelong passion for reading and writing. Ornelas penned two first-place entries in the latest Voices of Compton literary journal, an annual compilation of students' written and artistic work. His piece "Underdog" won best poem, and "Children of the Universe" earned him top honors in the spoken word category.
ECC Compton Center English Professor Ruth Roach has also invited him to assist in the editing process for the next edition of Voices of Compton.
"Carlos has a wonderful passion for and sense of language, so it was quite natural that he responded to an invitation to participate as a student editor for the Voices of Compton literary journal," said Roach. "I am thrilled to have him on board, knowing he has a busy schedule with both his studies and involvement in student life as part of the leadership of the ASB."
Ornelas has relied heavily on a variety of ECC Compton Center services and resources to ensure his success as a student after taking several years off to work and raise his daughter. Specifically, Extended Opportunity Program and Services (EOP&S) and services at the Transfer Center have made the transfer process manageable for Ornelas every step along the way.
"I participated in the Northern California University Tour and am so glad I did because it was an eye-opening experience that led me to apply to UC Berkeley and UC Davis," said Ornelas. "The Transfer Center has not only been instrumental in helping me decide which schools to apply to, but also in providing information on deadlines and scholarships."
Ultimately, Ornelas would like to earn both a bachelor's and master's degree in English, and return to ECC Compton Center to teach.
"I am so appreciative of the opportunities that have been given to me," said Ornelas. "Nothing would make me happier than to serve the community that has served me by helping other students discover their academic potential." | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1964 | {"url": "https://compton.edu/studentsuccess/carlos-ornelas.aspx", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "compton.edu", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:46:05Z", "digest": "sha1:ANLO6C5YGPQQAN3HB6UQHWCOFY65FIPP"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2626, 2626.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2626, 4767.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2626, 10.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2626, 124.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2626, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2626, 211.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2626, 0.4]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2626, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2626, 0.02819549]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2626, 0.01174812]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2626, 0.02114662]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2626, 0.02631579]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2626, 0.02828283]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2626, 0.12525253]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2626, 0.51044084]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2626, 4.93735499]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2626, 4.95291453]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2626, 431.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 85, 0.0], [85, 100, 0.0], [100, 586, 1.0], [586, 1038, 1.0], [1038, 1183, 1.0], [1183, 1554, 0.0], [1554, 1917, 1.0], [1917, 2269, 0.0], [2269, 2401, 1.0], [2401, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 85, 0.0], [85, 100, 0.0], [100, 586, 0.0], [586, 1038, 0.0], [1038, 1183, 0.0], [1183, 1554, 0.0], [1554, 1917, 0.0], [1917, 2269, 0.0], [2269, 2401, 0.0], [2401, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 85, 10.0], [85, 100, 2.0], [100, 586, 82.0], [586, 1038, 69.0], [1038, 1183, 25.0], [1183, 1554, 67.0], [1554, 1917, 58.0], [1917, 2269, 59.0], [2269, 2401, 22.0], [2401, 2626, 37.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 85, 0.0], [85, 100, 0.0], [100, 586, 0.02542373], [586, 1038, 0.0], [1038, 1183, 0.0], [1183, 1554, 0.0], [1554, 1917, 0.0], [1917, 2269, 0.0], [2269, 2401, 0.0], [2401, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 85, 0.0], [85, 100, 0.0], [100, 586, 0.0], [586, 1038, 0.0], [1038, 1183, 0.0], [1183, 1554, 0.0], [1554, 1917, 0.0], [1917, 2269, 0.0], [2269, 2401, 0.0], [2401, 2626, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 85, 0.11764706], [85, 100, 0.13333333], [100, 586, 0.05967078], [586, 1038, 0.0199115], [1038, 1183, 0.07586207], [1183, 1554, 0.02156334], [1554, 1917, 0.04958678], [1917, 2269, 0.04545455], [2269, 2401, 0.06060606], [2401, 2626, 0.01333333]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2626, 0.8064149]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2626, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2626, 0.96596432]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2626, -3.17528252]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2626, 38.77481305]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2626, -4.87941723]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2626, 16.0]]} |
Why nobody cares about your anomaly detection
Baron Schwartz (VividCortex)
Big data and data science in the cloud, Data science and machine learning, Visualization and user experience
Location: LL20 A
Secondary topics: Graphs and Time-series
Who is this presentation for?
Data engineers, architects, and product managers
Understand why anomaly detection is a means, not an end
Anomaly detection is white hot in the monitoring industry, but many don’t really understand or care about it, while others repeat the same pattern many times. VividCortex has built several features based on anomaly detection into its product, but customers have told the company that only some of them are valuable. The same is true of other companies in the space. It seems like everyone has anomaly detection, but customers generally aren’t finding it useful. Why? And what can we do about it?
VividCortex’s Baron Schwartz is very interested in anomaly detection and even coauthored an O’Reilly book on the subject. Baron explains how he arrived at a different perspective of anomaly detection (one that people he admires have long held but which took him a while to understand): a “post-anomaly detection” point of view. Baron shares why he now sees anomaly detection as a very limited tool, to be used for specific purposes and with careful attention to design and context (including culture) and only to be considered as a part of an overall solution—not a solution itself.
Baron Schwartz
VividCortex
Baron Schwartz is the founder and CTO of VividCortex, the best way to see what your production database servers are doing. Baron has written a lot of open source software and several books, including High Performance MySQL. He’s focused his career on learning and teaching about performance and observability of systems generally, including the view that teams are systems and culture influences their performance, and databases specifically. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1965 | {"url": "https://conferences.oreilly.com/strata/strata-ca-2018/public/schedule/detail/63832.html", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "conferences.oreilly.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:42:28Z", "digest": "sha1:ZNPFPOMS4O5XK3OVPIBXX3C3MJ3NUES5"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1925, 1925.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1925, 3367.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1925, 13.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1925, 69.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1925, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1925, 316.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1925, 0.42458101]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1925, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1925, 0.08085913]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1925, 0.03032217]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1925, 0.01117318]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1925, 0.12569832]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1925, 0.57377049]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1925, 5.19016393]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1925, 4.83100737]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1925, 305.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 75, 0.0], [75, 184, 0.0], [184, 201, 0.0], [201, 242, 0.0], [242, 272, 1.0], [272, 321, 0.0], [321, 377, 0.0], [377, 873, 1.0], [873, 1456, 1.0], [1456, 1471, 0.0], [1471, 1483, 0.0], [1483, 1925, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 75, 0.0], [75, 184, 0.0], [184, 201, 0.0], [201, 242, 0.0], [242, 272, 0.0], [272, 321, 0.0], [321, 377, 0.0], [377, 873, 0.0], [873, 1456, 0.0], [1456, 1471, 0.0], [1471, 1483, 0.0], [1483, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 46, 7.0], [46, 75, 3.0], [75, 184, 17.0], [184, 201, 3.0], [201, 242, 5.0], [242, 272, 5.0], [272, 321, 6.0], [321, 377, 10.0], [377, 873, 83.0], [873, 1456, 96.0], [1456, 1471, 2.0], [1471, 1483, 1.0], [1483, 1925, 67.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 75, 0.0], [75, 184, 0.0], [184, 201, 0.13333333], [201, 242, 0.0], [242, 272, 0.0], [272, 321, 0.0], [321, 377, 0.0], [377, 873, 0.0], [873, 1456, 0.0], [1456, 1471, 0.0], [1471, 1483, 0.0], [1483, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 46, 0.0], [46, 75, 0.0], [75, 184, 0.0], [184, 201, 0.0], [201, 242, 0.0], [242, 272, 0.0], [272, 321, 0.0], [321, 377, 0.0], [377, 873, 0.0], [873, 1456, 0.0], [1456, 1471, 0.0], [1471, 1483, 0.0], [1483, 1925, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 46, 0.02173913], [46, 75, 0.13793103], [75, 184, 0.02752294], [184, 201, 0.23529412], [201, 242, 0.07317073], [242, 272, 0.03333333], [272, 321, 0.02040816], [321, 377, 0.01785714], [377, 873, 0.0141129], [873, 1456, 0.01372213], [1456, 1471, 0.13333333], [1471, 1483, 0.16666667], [1483, 1925, 0.03393665]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1925, 0.86008382]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1925, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1925, 0.14849693]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1925, -89.28072541]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1925, 31.50149025]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1925, -70.79402383]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1925, 13.0]]} |
Tag: everything you wanted to know about vaccines | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1966 | {"url": "https://conflictingmessage.com/tag/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-vaccines/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "conflictingmessage.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:15:59Z", "digest": "sha1:HMVKAFY4EFNWSJKDXWQKQ3GOUZOKTLLR"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 49, 49.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 49, 13035.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 49, 1.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 49, 87.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 49, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 49, 203.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 49, 0.55555556]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 49, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 49, 0.11111111]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 49, 1.0]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 49, 5.125]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 49, 2.07944154]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 49, 8.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 49, 8.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 49, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 49, 0.02040816]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 49, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 49, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 49, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 49, -4.16674485]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 49, -1.445664]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 49, -8.73045107]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 49, 1.0]]} |
The previous page is sending you to http://www.azaliaelevator.com/markets/stocks.php?article=pressadvantage-2022-11-28-the-winning-team-senior-attorneys-at-franklin-d-azar-and-associates-named-among-americas-best-lawyers. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1967 | {"url": "https://contacts.google.com/url?q=http://www.azaliaelevator.com/markets/stocks.php?article=pressadvantage-2022-11-28-the-winning-team-senior-attorneys-at-franklin-d-azar-and-associates-named-among-americas-best-lawyers", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "contacts.google.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:24:41Z", "digest": "sha1:GAZ4R2B2TJ43K7NUDVQDT5R7WNZKL4YR"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 221, 221.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 221, 330.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 221, 1.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 221, 3.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 221, 0.78]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 221, 242.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 221, 0.15873016]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 221, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 221, 0.49206349]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 221, 1.0]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 221, 23.0]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 221, 2.07944154]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 221, 8.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 221, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 221, 8.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 221, 0.04188482]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 221, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 221, 0.00452489]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 221, 5.36e-06]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 221, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 221, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 221, -59.68633458]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 221, -25.97133301]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 221, -34.91159535]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 221, 5.0]]} |
Evolutionary dynamics of growth factor production in cancer cell populations
DUNHARROW
FP7-PEOPLE
Overall budget € 375 806,40
EU contribution € 375 806,40
Final Report Summary - DUNHARROW (Evolutionary dynamics of growth factor production in cancer cell populations)
The production of diffusible factors by cancer cells is a form of cooperation, as diffusible molecules like growth factors are shared among neighbouring cells, affecting proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and immune system reaction, neo-angiogenesis and the Warburg effect — all major determinants of tumour development and resistance to therapies.
I developed mathematical tools (based on the properties of Bernstein polynomials) to study cooperation in large well-mixed populations of cells (to model the dynamics of liquid tumors) and computer simulations (on Voronoi graphs) to study cooperation in spatially structured populations (to model monolayers of cells in vitro). I also developed experimental systems to test the theory, using CRISPR to knock out genes coding for growth factors in different types of cancer cells, and developing experiments in which I manipulated different parameters of the models, to test the predictions of the theory.
Cooperation is studied in biology using evolutionary game theory, and studying cancer in the framework of evolutionary game theory is useful for two reasons: we can test open issues in the theory of cooperation using cancer cells; and we can use concepts from game theory to understand open issues in cancer biology.
1. Using cancer cells to test evolutionary theory. I used different cancer cell lines in which a particular growth factor has been knocked out, and their parental wild type cell line (that does produce the growth factor), to study cooperation between cancer cells. I manipulated the parameters of the models using different combinations of nutrients, to test open issues in evolutionary game theory that cannot be tested in natural populations or in bacteria, such as the effect of different types of benefits (whether cooperation affect birth rates or survival), the impact of spatial structure and the impact of non-linear benefits on the evolution of cooperation. The results confirm the predictions of evolutionary game theory, in particular, the importance of considering non-linear effects in the study of biological public goods.
2. Using evolutionary game theory to understand cancer. I developed theory and experimental tests to explain the evolution of intra-tumor heterogeneity, a feature that has long puzzled cancer biologists, but which can be explained using the logic of game theory developed during this project: the non-linear effect of growth factors on proliferation enables different types of cells to coexist in a stable mixed equilibrium. The results also help understand why therapies that target growth factors lead to a temporary reduction in tumor growth followed by relapse, as perturbations of this mixed equilibrium lead to a temporary decline in population fitness (corresponding to the short-term benefit of targeted therapies) followed by an adjustment to a new stable equilibrium (corresponding to the long-term evolution of resistance to therapies)
This work has implications for the study of cancer from a new point of view, that of evolutionary biology. Tumors are populations of cells that evolve over the course of an individual’s lifetime, and principles from evolutionary biology can be applied to the study of cancer as they are applied to the study of natural populations. This project aimed at introducing specific tools and concepts from evolutionary game theory in the study of cooperation between cancer cells for the production of diffusible molecules – one of the most important features of cell-cell interactions in tumors. Further work in evolutionary game theory of cancer could clarify the evolution of resistance to therapies, and could lead to the development of cell therapies based on knockout cells (like the ones used in these experiments) to drive intra-tumor cooperation to collapse.
Permalink: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/627816/reporting | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1968 | {"url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/186499/reporting/en?rcn=213904", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cordis.europa.eu", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:10:18Z", "digest": "sha1:6Q4ZIFETXPGJLK24XCL2FW4K34NHRX37"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 4150, 4150.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 4150, 5992.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 4150, 13.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 4150, 75.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 4150, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 4150, 241.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 4150, 0.36652835]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 4150, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 4150, 0.03890825]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 4150, 0.06852497]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 4150, 0.03890825]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 4150, 0.03890825]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 4150, 0.03890825]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 4150, 0.03890825]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 4150, 0.0261324]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 4150, 0.04471545]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 4150, 0.01626016]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 4150, 0.01659751]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 4150, 0.12863071]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 4150, 0.3778135]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 4150, 5.53697749]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 4150, 4.79159918]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 4150, 622.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 77, 0.0], [77, 87, 0.0], [87, 98, 0.0], [98, 126, 0.0], [126, 155, 0.0], [155, 267, 0.0], [267, 620, 1.0], [620, 1225, 1.0], [1225, 1542, 1.0], [1542, 2379, 1.0], [2379, 3226, 0.0], [3226, 4087, 1.0], [4087, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 77, 0.0], [77, 87, 0.0], [87, 98, 0.0], [98, 126, 0.0], [126, 155, 0.0], [155, 267, 0.0], [267, 620, 0.0], [620, 1225, 0.0], [1225, 1542, 0.0], [1542, 2379, 0.0], [2379, 3226, 0.0], [3226, 4087, 0.0], [4087, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 77, 10.0], [77, 87, 1.0], [87, 98, 1.0], [98, 126, 5.0], [126, 155, 5.0], [155, 267, 14.0], [267, 620, 49.0], [620, 1225, 91.0], [1225, 1542, 52.0], [1542, 2379, 129.0], [2379, 3226, 126.0], [3226, 4087, 137.0], [4087, 4150, 2.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 77, 0.0], [77, 87, 0.0], [87, 98, 0.11111111], [98, 126, 0.30769231], [126, 155, 0.2962963], [155, 267, 0.0], [267, 620, 0.0], [620, 1225, 0.0], [1225, 1542, 0.0], [1542, 2379, 0.00122249], [2379, 3226, 0.00120337], [3226, 4087, 0.0], [4087, 4150, 0.11320755]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 77, 0.0], [77, 87, 0.0], [87, 98, 0.0], [98, 126, 0.0], [126, 155, 0.0], [155, 267, 0.0], [267, 620, 0.0], [620, 1225, 0.0], [1225, 1542, 0.0], [1542, 2379, 0.0], [2379, 3226, 0.0], [3226, 4087, 0.0], [4087, 4150, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 77, 0.01298701], [77, 87, 0.9], [87, 98, 0.72727273], [98, 126, 0.03571429], [126, 155, 0.06896552], [155, 267, 0.11607143], [267, 620, 0.00566572], [620, 1225, 0.01818182], [1225, 1542, 0.00315457], [1542, 2379, 0.00477897], [2379, 3226, 0.00354191], [3226, 4087, 0.00464576], [4087, 4150, 0.01587302]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 4150, 0.49845833]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 4150, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 4150, 0.16022402]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 4150, -196.28234467]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 4150, 25.23592367]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 4150, 39.25891731]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 4150, 19.0]]} |
J. Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Allen W. Anderson (1974)
Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (2/6)
1: Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (1/6) 2: Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (2/6) 3: Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (3/6) 4: Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (4/6) 5: Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (5/6) 6: Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Anderson (6/6)
Watch Part Number: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
J. Krishnamurti Ninth Conversation with Dr Allen W. Anderson in San Diego, California
A Wholly Different Way of Living
Ninth Dialogue with Dr Allan W. Anderson in San Diego, California
J. Krishnamurti was born in South India and educated in England. For the past 40 years he has been speaking in the United States, Europe, India, Australia and other parts of the world. From the outset of his life's work he repudiated all connections with organised religions and ideologies and said that his only concern was to set man absolutely unconditionally free. He is the author of many books, among them The Awakening of Intelligence, The Urgency of Change, Freedom From the Known, and The Flight of the Eagle.
This is one of a series of dialogues between Krishnamurti and Dr. Allan W. Anderson, who is professor of religious studies at San Diego State University where he teaches Indian and Chinese scriptures and the oracular tradition. Dr. Anderson, a published poet, received his degree from Columbia University and the Union Theological Seminary. He has been honoured with the distinguished teaching award from the California State University.
A: Mr Krishnamurti, in our last conversation together we had moved from speaking together concerning fear and the relation between that and the transformation of the individual person which is not dependent on knowledge or time, and from that we went to pleasure and just as we reached the end of that conversation the question of beauty arose. And if it's agreeable with you I should like very much for us to explore that together.
K: One often wonders why museums are so filled with pictures and statues. Is it because man has lost touch with nature and therefore has to go to museums to look at other people's paintings, famous paintings and some of them are really marvellously beautiful? Why do the museums exist at all? I'm just asking. I'm not saying they should or should not. And I've been to many museums all over the world, taken around by experts, and I've always felt as though I was being shown around and looking at things that were so, for me, artificial, other peoples' expression, what they considered beauty. And I wondered what is beauty? Because when you read a poem of Keats, or really a poem that a man writes with his heart and with very deep feeling, he wants to convey something to you of what he feels, what he considers to be the most exquisite essence of beauty.
And I have looked at a great many cathedrals, as you must have, over Europe and again this expression of their feelings, their devotion, their reverence, in masonry, in rocks, in buildings, in marvellous cathedrals. And looking at all this, I'm always surprised when people talk about beauty, or write about beauty, whether it is something created by man or something that you see in nature; or it has nothing to do with the stone or with the paint or with the word, but something deeply inward. And so often in discussing with so-called professionals, having a dialogue with them, it appears to me that it is always somewhere out there, the modern painting, modern music, the pop and so on, so on, it's always somehow so dreadfully artificial. I may be wrong.
But what is beauty? Must it be expressed? That's one question. Does it need the word, the stone, the colour, the paint? Or it is something that cannot possibly be expressed in words, in a building, in a statue? So if we could go into this question of what is beauty. I feel to really go into it very deeply one must know what is suffering. Or understand what is suffering, because without passion you can't have beauty - passion in the sense, not lust, not the passion that comes when there is immense suffering. And the remaining with that suffering, not escaping from it, brings this passion. Passion means the abandonment, the complete abandonment of the 'me', of the self, the ego. And therefore a great austerity, not the austerity of - the word means ash, severe, dry which the religious people have made it into - but rather the austerity of great beauty.
A: Yes, yes I'm following you, I really am.
K: A great sense of dignity, beauty, that is, essentially, austere. And to be austere, not verbally or ideologically, but being austere means total abandonment, letting go of the 'me'. And one cannot let that thing take place if one hasn't deeply understood what suffering is. Because passion comes from the word, 'sorrow'. I don't know if you have gone into it, looked into that word, the root meaning of that word 'passion' is sorrow, from suffering.
A: To feel.
K: To feel. You see, sir, people have escaped from suffering. I think it is very deeply related to beauty, not that you must suffer.
A: Not that you must suffer but - yes.
K: That is, no we must go a little more slowly. I am jumping too quickly. First of all, we assume we know what beauty is. We see a Picasso or a Rembrandt or a Michelangelo and we think how marvellous. We think we know. We have read it in books, the experts have written about it and so on. One reads it and say, yes. We absorb it through others. But if one was really enquiring into what is beauty there must be a great sense of humility. Now, I don't know what beauty is actually. I can imagine what beauty is. I've learned what beauty is. I have been taught in schools, in colleges, in reading books and going on tours, guided tours and all the rest, visiting thousands of museums, but actually to find out the depth of beauty, the depth of colour the depth of feeling, the mind must start with a great sense of humility. I don't know. You see, as one really wonders what meditation is. One thinks one knows. We will discuss meditation when we come to it. So one must start as feeling if one is enquiring into beauty with a great sense of humility, not knowing. That very 'not knowing' is beautiful.
A: Yes, Yes, I've been listening and I've been trying to open myself to this relation that you are making between beauty and passion.
K: You see, sir, let's start, right: man suffers, not only personally, but there is immense suffering of man. It is a thing that is pervading the universe. Man has suffered physically, psychologically, spiritually, in every way for centuries upon centuries. The mother cries because her son is killed, the wife cries because her husband is mutilated in a war, or accident - there is tremendous suffering in the world. And it is really a tremendous thing to be aware of this suffering.
K: I don't think people are aware, or even feel this immense sorrow that is in the world. They are so concerned with their own personal sorrow, they overlook the sorrow that a poor man in a little village in India, or in China or in the Eastern world, where they never possibly have a full meal, clean clothes, comfortable bed. And there is this sorrow of thousands of people being killed in war. Or in the totalitarian world, millions being executed for ideologies, tyranny, the terror of all that. So there is all this sorrow in the world. And there is also the personal sorrow. And without really understanding it very, very deeply and resolving it, passion won't come out of sorrow. And without passion, how can you see beauty? You can intellectually appreciate a painting, or a poem, or a statue, but you need this great sense of inward bursting of passion, explosion of passion. You know, that creates in itself the sensitivity that can see beauty. So it is I think rather important to understand sorrow. I think it is related, beauty, passion, sorrow.
A: I'm interested in the order of those words. Beauty, passion, sorrow. If one is in relation to the transformation we have been speaking about, to come to beauty I take it, it's a passage from sorrow to passion to beauty.
K: That's right, sir.
A: Yes. Please do go on. I understand.
K: You see, in the Christian world, if I am not mistaken, sorrow is delegated to a person, and through that person we somehow escape from sorrow, that is, we hope we escape from sorrow. And in the Eastern world sorrow is rationalised through the statement of karma. You know the word 'karma' means to do. And they believe in karma. That is, what you have done in the past life you pay for in the present or reward in the present, and so on, and so on. So that there are these two categories of escapes. And there are thousands of escapes - whiskey, drugs, sex, going off to attend a mass and so on, and so on. Man has never stayed with a thing. He has always either sought comfort in a belief, in an action, in identification with something greater than himself and so on, so on, but he has never said, 'Look, I must see what this is, I must penetrate it and not delegate it to somebody else. I must go into it, I must face it. I must look at it. I must know what it is.' So, when the mind doesn't escape from this sorrow, either personal or the sorrow of man, if you don't escape, if you don't rationalise, if you don't try to go beyond it, if you are not frightened of it, then you remain with it. Because any movement from 'what is', or any movement away from 'what is', is a dissipation of energy. It prevents you actually understanding 'what is'. The 'what is' is sorrow. And we have means and ways and cunning to escape. Now if there is no escape whatsoever then you remain with it. I do not know if you have ever done it. Because in everyone's life there is an incident that brings you tremendous sorrow, a happening. It might be an incident, a word, an accident, a shattering sense of absolute loneliness, and so on. These things happen and with that comes the sense of utter sorrow. Now when the mind can remain with that, not move away from it, out of that comes passion. Not the cultivated passion, not the artificial trying to be passionate, but the movement of passion is born out of this non-withdrawal from sorrow. It is the total completely remaining with that.
A: I am thinking that we also say when we speak of someone in sorrow that they are disconsolate.
K: Yes. Disconsolate.
A: Disconsolate and immediately we think that the antidote to that is to get rid of the 'dis', not to stay with the 'dis'. And in an earlier conversation we spoke about two things related to each other in terms of opposite sides of the same coin, and while you have been speaking I've been seeing the interrelation in a polar sense between action and passion. Passion being able to undergo, able to be changed. Whereas action is doing to effect change. And this would be the movement from sorrow to passion at the precise point, if I have understood you correctly, where I become able to undergo what is there.
K: So, if, when there is no escape, when there is no desire to seek comfort away from 'what is', then out of that absolute inescapable reality comes this flame of passion. And without that there is no beauty. You may write endless volumes about beauty, or be a marvellous painter, but without that inward quality of passion which is the outcome of great understanding of sorrow, I don't see how beauty can exist. Also one observes man has lost touch with nature.
A: Oh yes.
K: Completely, specially in big towns, and even in small villages, and hamlets man is always outwardly going, outward, pursued by his own thought, and so he has more or less lost touch with nature. Nature means nothing to him. It is very nice, very beautiful. Once I was standing with a few friends and my brother many years ago at the Grand Canyon, looking at the marvellous thing, incredible, the colours, the depth and the shadows; and a group of people came and one lady says, 'Yes isn't it marvellous', and the next says, 'Let's go and have tea'. And off they trotted. You follow? That is what is happening in the world. We have lost touch completely with nature. We don't know what it means. And also we kill. You follow me? We kill for food, we kill for amusement, we kill for sport. I won't go into all that. So there is this lack of intimate relationship with nature.
A: I remember a shock, a profound shock that I had in my college days, I was standing on the steps of the administration building and watching a very, very beautiful sunset and one of my college acquaintances asked me what I was doing, and I said, 'Well, I am not doing anything, I'm looking at the sunset'. And you know what he said to me? This so shocked me that it's one of those things that you never forget. He just said, 'Well there's nothing to prevent it, is there'.
K: Nothing?
A: Nothing to prevent it, is there? Yes, I know. I follow you.
K: So, sir, you see we are becoming more and more artificial, more and more superficial, more and more verbal, a linear direction, not vertical at all, but linear. And so naturally artificial things become more important - theatres, cinemas, you know the whole business of modern world. And very few have the sense of beauty in themselves, beauty in conduct. You understand, sir?
K: Beauty in behaviour. Beauty in their usage of their language, the voice, the manner of walking, the sense of humility. With that humility everything becomes so gentle, quiet, full of beauty. We have none of that. And yet we go to museums, we are educated with museums, with pictures, and we have lost the delicacy, the sensitivity, of the mind, the heart, the body, and so when we have lost this sensitivity how can we know what beauty is? And when we haven't got sensitivity we go off to some place to learn to be sensitive. You know this.
A: Oh, I do.
K: Go to a college or some ashram or some rotten hole and there I am going to learn to be sensitive. Sensitive through touch, through you know. It becomes disgusting. So now how can we, as you are a professor and teacher, how can you, sir, educate, it becomes very, very important, the students to have this quality? Therefore one asks, what is it we are educating for? What are we being educated for? Everybody is being educated. Ninety per cent of the people probably in America, are being educated, know what to read and write and all the rest of it, what for?
A: And yet, it's a fact, at least in my experience of teaching class after class, year after year, that with all this proliferation of publishing and so-called educational techniques, students are without as much care to the written word and the spoken word as was the case that I can distinctly remember years ago. Now perhaps other teachers have had a different experience, but I have watched this in my classes, and the usual answer that I get when I speak to my colleagues about this is, well, the problem is in the high school. And then you talk to a poor high school teacher, he then puts it on the poor grade school. So we have poor grade school, poor high school, poor college, poor university because we are always picking up where we left off, which is a little lower next year that where it was before.
K: Sir, that's why when I have talked at various universities and so on, I've always felt what are we being educated for? To just become glorified clerks?
A: That's what it turns out to be.
K: Of course it is. Glorified business men and God knows what else. What for? I mean if I had a son that would be a tremendous problem for me. Fortunately, I haven't got a son, but it would be a burning question to me: what am I to do with the children that I have? To send to all these schools, where they are taught nothing but just how to read, and write a book, and how to memorise, and forget the whole field of life? They are taught about sex and reproduction and all that kind of stuff. But what? So I feel, sir, I mean to me this is a tremendously important question because I am concerned with seven schools in India and in England there is one, and we are going to form one here in California. It is a burning question: what is it that we are doing with our children? Making them into robots or into other clever, cunning clerks, great scientists who invent this or that and then be ordinary, cheap, little human beings, with shoddy minds. You follow, sir?
A: I am, I am.
K: So, when you talk about beauty, can we, can a human being tell another, educate another to grow in beauty, grow in goodness, to flower in great affection and care? Because if we don't do that we are destroying the earth, as it is happening now, polluting the air. We human beings are destroying everything we touch. So this becomes a very, very serious thing when we talk about beauty, when we talk about pleasure, fear, relationship, order and so on, all that, none of these things are being taught in any school.
A: No. I brought that up in my class yesterday and I asked them directly, that's very question. And they were very ready to agree that here we are, we are in an upper division course and we had never heard about this.
K: Tragic, you follow, sir.
A: And furthermore we don't know whether we are really hearing it for what it really is, because we haven't heard about it, we have got to go through that yet to find out whether we are really listening.
K: And whether the teacher or the man, who is a professor, is honest enough to say, 'I don't know. I am going to learn about all these things'. So sir, that is why western civilisation, I am not condemning it, just observing, western civilisation is mainly concerned with commercialism, consumerism, and a society that is immoral. And when we talk about the transformation of man, not in the field of knowledge or the field of time, but beyond that, who is interested in this? You follow, sir? Who really cares about it? Because the mother goes off to her job, earns a livelihood, the father goes off and the child is just an incident.
A: Now, as a matter of fact I know this will probably appear like an astonishingly extravagant statement for me to make, but I think it's getting to the place now where if anyone raises this question at the level that you have been raising it, as a young person who is growing up in his adolescent years, let's say, and he won't let it go, he hangs in there with it, as we say, the question is seriously raised whether he is normal.
K: Yes, quite, quite.
A: And it makes one think of Socrates, who was very clear that he knew only one thing, that he didn't know, and he didn't have to say that very often, but he said it even the few times enough to get him killed, but at least they took him seriously enough to kill him.
K: To kill him.
A: Today I think he would be put in some institution for study. The whole thing would have to be checked out.
K: That's what is happening in Russia. They send him off to an asylum...
A: That's right,
K: ...mental hospital and destroy him. Sir, here we neglect everything for some superficial gain, money. Money means power, position, authority, everything, money.
A: It goes back to this success thing that you mentioned before. Always later, always later. On a horizontal axis. Yes. I did want to share with you as you were speaking about nature, something that has a sort of wry humour about it in terms of the history of scholarship: I thought of those marvellous Vedic hymns to Dawn.
K: Oh yes.
A: The way Dawn comes, rosy fingered, and scholars have expressed surprise that the number of hymns to her are, by comparison, few compared with some other gods, but the attention is drawn in the study not to the quality of the hymn as revealing how it is that there is such consummately beautiful cadences associated with her, for which you would only need one, wouldn't you, you wouldn't need 25. The important thing is, isn't it remarkable that we have so few hymns and yet they are so wonderfully beautiful. What has the number to do with it at all, is the thing that I could never get answered for myself in terms of the environment in which I studied Sanskrit and the Veda. The important thing is to find out which god, in this case Indra, is in the Rig Veda, is mentioned most often. Now, of course, I'm not trying to suggest that quantity should be overlooked, by no means, but if the question had been approached the way you have been enquiring into it, deeper, deeper, deeper, then, I think, scholarship would have had a very, very different career. We should have been taught how to sit and let that hymn disclose itself, and stop measuring it.
K: Yes sir.
A: Yes, yes, please do go on.
K: That's what I am going to say. You see when discussing beauty and passion and sorrow we ought to go into the question also of what is action? Because it is related to all that.
A: Yes, of course.
K: What is action? Because life is action. Living is action. Speaking is action. Everything is action, sitting here is an action. Talking, a dialogue, discussing, going into things, is a series of actions, a movement in action. So what is action? Action, obviously means, acting now. Not having acted or will act. It is the active present of the word act, to act, which is acting all the time. It is movement in time and out of time. We will go into that a little bit later. Now what is action that does not bring sorrow? You follow? One has to put that question because every action, as we do now, is either regret, contradiction, a sense of meaningless movement, repression, conformity and so on. So that is action for most people, the routine, the repetition, the remembrances of things past and act according to that remembrance. So unless one understands very deeply what is action, one will not be able to understand what is sorrow. So action, sorrow, passion and beauty. They are all together, not divorced, not something separate with beauty at the end, action at the beginning. It isn't like that at all, it is all one thing. But to look at it, what is action? As far as one knows now, action is according to a formula, according to a concept or according to an ideology. The communist ideology, the capitalist ideology, or the socialist ideology, or the ideology of a Christian, Jesus Christ, or the Hindu with his ideology. So action is the approximation of an idea. I act according to my concept. That concept is traditional, or put together by me, or put together by an expert. Lenin, Marx have formulated, and they conform according to what they think Lenin, Marx formulated. And action is according to a pattern. You follow?
A: Yes I do. What's occurring to me is that under the tyranny of that, one is literally driven.
K: Absolutely. Driven, conditioned, brutalised. You don't care for anything, except for ideas, and carry out ideas. See what is happening in China, you follow, in Russia.
A: Oh yes, yes, I do.
K: And here too, the same thing in a modified form. So action as we know it now is conformity to a pattern, either in the future or in the past, an idea which I carry out. A resolution, or a decision which I fulfil in acting. The past is acting, so, it is not action. I don't know if I am...?
A: Yes, yes, I'm aware of the fact that we suffer a radical conviction that if we don't generate a pattern there will be no order.
K: So you follow what is happening, sir? Order is in terms of a pattern.
A: Yes, preconceived, yes.
K: Therefore it is disorder, against which an intelligent man fights - fights in the sense revolts. So that's why it is very important if we are to understand what beauty is we must understand what action is. Can there be action without the idea? Idea means, you must know this from Greek, means to see. See what we have done, sir. The word is to see. That is seeing and the doing. Not the seeing, draw a conclusion from that and then act according to that conclusion. You see.
A: Oh yes, oh yes.
K: Perceiving, and from that perception draw a belief, an idea, a formula, and act according to that belief, idea, formula. So we are removed from perception. We are acting only according to a formula, therefore mechanical. You see, sir, how our minds have become mechanical.
A: Necessarily so.
K: Yes sir, obviously.
A: I just thought about Greek sculpture, and its different character from Roman sculpture, the finest of ancient Greece.
K: The Periclean age and so on.
A: Sculpture is extremely contemplative. It has sometimes been remarked that the Romans have a genius for portraiture in stone and, of course...
K: Law and order and all that.
A: Yes, and of course one would see their remarkable attention to personality. But what occurred to me while listening to this, something that had never occurred to me before, that the Greek statue with which one sometimes asks oneself, well the face doesn't disclose a personality. Perhaps the quiet eye recognised that you don't put onto the stone something that must come out of the act itself.
K: Quite, quite.
A: Because you're doing something that you must wait to come to pass. The Greeks were correct. It's an expression of that relation to form which is an interior form. Marvellous grasp of that. It's a grasp that allows for splendour to break out rather than the notion we must represent it. Yes, I am following you, aren't I?
K: You see sir, that's why one must ask this essential question: what is action? Is it a repetition? Is it imitation? Is it an adjustment between 'what is' and 'what should be' or 'what has been'? Or is it a conformity to a pattern? Or to a belief, or to a formula? If it is, then inevitably there must be conflict. Because idea, action, there is an interval, a lag of time between the two, and in that interval a great many things happen. A division in which other incidents take place and therefore there must be inevitably conflict. Therefore action is never complete, action is never total, it is never ending. Action means ending. You know, you used the word Vedanta the other day. It means the ending of knowledge, I was told. Not the continuation of knowledge, but the ending. So now, is there an action which is not tied to the past as time or to the future or to a formula, or to a belief or to an idea, but action? The seeing is the doing.
K: Now, the seeing is the doing becomes an extraordinary movement in freedom. The other is not freedom. And therefore, sir, the communists say there is no such thing as freedom. That's a bourgeois idea. Of course it is, a bourgeois idea, because they live in ideas, concepts, not in action. They live according to ideas and carry those ideas out in action, which is not action, the doing. I don't know if...
A: Oh, yes, yes. I was just thinking.
K: This is what we do in the western world, the eastern world, all over the world, acting according to a formula, idea, belief, a concept, a conclusion, a decision; and never the seeing and the doing.
A: I was thinking about the cat, the marvellous animal the cat.
K: Oh, yes, the cat.
A: Its face is almost all eyes.
K: Yes.
A: I don't mean that by measure with callipers, of course not. And we don't train cats like we try to train dogs. I think we have corrupted dogs. Cats won't be corrupted. They simply won't be corrupted. And it seems to me great irony that in the middle ages we should have burned cats along with witches.
K: The ancient Egyptians worshipped cats.
A: Yes. The great eye of the cat, I read sometime ago that the cat's skeletal structure is among mammals the most perfectly adapted to its function.
A: And I think one of the most profound occasions for gratitude in my life was the living with a cat, and she taught me how to make an end. But I went through a lot of interior agony before I came to understand what she was doing. It's as though one would say of her that she was performing a mission, you might say, without, of course, being a missionary in the ordinary sense of that word.
K: Sir, you see one begins to see what freedom is in action.
A: That's right.
K: And it is the seeing in the doing is prevented by the observer who is the past, the formula, the concept, the belief. That observer comes in between perception and the doing. That observer is the factor of division. The idea and the conclusion in action. So can we act only when there is perception? We do this, sir, when we are at the edge of a precipice; the seeing danger is instant action.
A: If I remember correctly the word 'alert' comes from the Italian which points to standing at the edge of a cliff.
K: Cliff, that's right.
A: That's pretty serious.
K: You see, but it's very interesting, we are conditioned to the danger of a cliff, of a snake or a dangerous animal and so on, we are conditioned. But we are conditioned also to this idea you must act according to an idea, otherwise there is no action.
A: Yes, we are conditioned to that.
K: To that.
A: Oh, yes, terribly so.
K: Terribly. So we have this condition to danger. And conditioned to the fact that you cannot act without a formula, without a concept, belief and so on. So these two are the factors of our conditioning. And now, someone comes along and says, look, that's not action. That is merely a repetition of what has been, modified, but it is not action. Action is when you see and do.
A: And the reaction to that is, oh, I see he has a new definition of action.
K: I'm not defining.
A: Yes, of course not.
K: And I've done this all my life. I see something and I do it.
K: Say, for instance, as you may know, I am not being personal or anything, there is a great big organisation, spiritual organisation, thousand of followers with a great deal of land, 5000 acres, castles and money and so on were formed around me as a boy. And in 1928 I said this is all wrong. I dissolved it, returned the property and so on. I saw how wrong it was. The seeing; not the conclusions, comparison, see how religions have done it. I saw and acted. And therefore there has never been a regret.
A: Marvellous.
K: Never say, 'Oh, I have made a mistake because I shall have nobody to lean on'. You follow?
A: Yes, I do. Could we next time, in our next conversation relate beauty to seeing.
K: I was going there.
A: Oh, splendid. Yes, that's wonderful. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1969 | {"url": "https://cosmolearning.org/documentaries/j-krishnamurti-ninth-conversation-with-dr-allen-w-anderson-1974-1074/2/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cosmolearning.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:04:12Z", "digest": "sha1:AA6BKYHYYRNH77KXPOHJGY6FPRORAMQW"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 30288, 30288.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 30288, 31412.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 30288, 117.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 30288, 162.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 30288, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 30288, 269.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 30288, 2.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 30288, 0.47686263]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 30288, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 30288, 0.05149721]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 30288, 0.03169059]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 30288, 0.00809303]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 30288, 0.00425949]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 30288, 0.00425949]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 30288, 0.00494101]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 30288, 0.00477063]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 30288, 0.01265068]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 30288, 0.03477881]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 30288, 0.02564103]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 30288, 0.18233411]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 30288, 0.19736842]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 30288, 4.231615]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 30288, 0.00072759]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 30288, 5.66795527]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 30288, 5548.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 123, 0.0], [123, 471, 0.0], [471, 514, 0.0], [514, 600, 0.0], [600, 633, 0.0], [633, 699, 0.0], [699, 1218, 1.0], [1218, 1656, 1.0], [1656, 2089, 1.0], [2089, 2948, 1.0], [2948, 3709, 1.0], [3709, 4572, 1.0], [4572, 4616, 1.0], [4616, 5069, 1.0], [5069, 5081, 1.0], [5081, 5214, 1.0], [5214, 5253, 1.0], [5253, 6355, 1.0], [6355, 6489, 1.0], [6489, 6974, 1.0], [6974, 8033, 1.0], [8033, 8256, 1.0], [8256, 8278, 1.0], [8278, 8317, 1.0], [8317, 10395, 1.0], [10395, 10492, 1.0], [10492, 10514, 1.0], [10514, 11125, 1.0], [11125, 11588, 1.0], [11588, 11599, 1.0], [11599, 12476, 1.0], [12476, 12951, 1.0], [12951, 12963, 1.0], [12963, 13026, 1.0], [13026, 13406, 1.0], [13406, 13950, 1.0], [13950, 13963, 1.0], [13963, 14527, 1.0], [14527, 15341, 1.0], [15341, 15496, 1.0], [15496, 15531, 1.0], [15531, 16498, 1.0], [16498, 16513, 1.0], [16513, 17031, 1.0], [17031, 17249, 1.0], [17249, 17277, 1.0], [17277, 17481, 1.0], [17481, 18117, 1.0], [18117, 18550, 1.0], [18550, 18572, 1.0], [18572, 18840, 1.0], [18840, 18856, 1.0], [18856, 18966, 1.0], [18966, 19039, 1.0], [19039, 19056, 0.0], [19056, 19220, 1.0], [19220, 19544, 1.0], [19544, 19555, 1.0], [19555, 20711, 1.0], [20711, 20723, 1.0], [20723, 20753, 1.0], [20753, 20933, 1.0], [20933, 20952, 1.0], [20952, 22692, 1.0], [22692, 22788, 1.0], [22788, 22959, 1.0], [22959, 22981, 1.0], [22981, 23274, 1.0], [23274, 23405, 1.0], [23405, 23478, 1.0], [23478, 23505, 1.0], [23505, 23983, 1.0], [23983, 24002, 1.0], [24002, 24278, 1.0], [24278, 24297, 1.0], [24297, 24320, 1.0], [24320, 24441, 1.0], [24441, 24473, 1.0], [24473, 24618, 1.0], [24618, 24649, 1.0], [24649, 25047, 1.0], [25047, 25064, 1.0], [25064, 25388, 1.0], [25388, 26338, 1.0], [26338, 26746, 1.0], [26746, 26784, 1.0], [26784, 26985, 1.0], [26985, 27049, 1.0], [27049, 27070, 1.0], [27070, 27102, 1.0], [27102, 27110, 1.0], [27110, 27415, 1.0], [27415, 27457, 1.0], [27457, 27606, 1.0], [27606, 27998, 1.0], [27998, 28059, 1.0], [28059, 28076, 1.0], [28076, 28473, 1.0], [28473, 28589, 1.0], [28589, 28613, 1.0], [28613, 28639, 1.0], [28639, 28893, 1.0], [28893, 28929, 1.0], [28929, 28941, 1.0], [28941, 28966, 1.0], [28966, 29343, 1.0], [29343, 29420, 1.0], [29420, 29441, 1.0], [29441, 29464, 1.0], [29464, 29528, 1.0], [29528, 30034, 1.0], [30034, 30049, 1.0], [30049, 30143, 1.0], [30143, 30227, 1.0], [30227, 30249, 1.0], [30249, 30288, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 123, 0.0], [123, 471, 0.0], [471, 514, 0.0], [514, 600, 0.0], [600, 633, 0.0], [633, 699, 0.0], [699, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1656, 0.0], [1656, 2089, 0.0], [2089, 2948, 0.0], [2948, 3709, 0.0], [3709, 4572, 0.0], [4572, 4616, 0.0], [4616, 5069, 0.0], [5069, 5081, 0.0], [5081, 5214, 0.0], [5214, 5253, 0.0], [5253, 6355, 0.0], [6355, 6489, 0.0], [6489, 6974, 0.0], [6974, 8033, 0.0], [8033, 8256, 0.0], [8256, 8278, 0.0], [8278, 8317, 0.0], [8317, 10395, 0.0], [10395, 10492, 0.0], [10492, 10514, 0.0], [10514, 11125, 0.0], [11125, 11588, 0.0], [11588, 11599, 0.0], [11599, 12476, 0.0], [12476, 12951, 0.0], [12951, 12963, 0.0], [12963, 13026, 0.0], [13026, 13406, 0.0], [13406, 13950, 0.0], [13950, 13963, 0.0], [13963, 14527, 0.0], [14527, 15341, 0.0], [15341, 15496, 0.0], [15496, 15531, 0.0], [15531, 16498, 0.0], [16498, 16513, 0.0], [16513, 17031, 0.0], [17031, 17249, 0.0], [17249, 17277, 0.0], [17277, 17481, 0.0], [17481, 18117, 0.0], [18117, 18550, 0.0], [18550, 18572, 0.0], [18572, 18840, 0.0], [18840, 18856, 0.0], [18856, 18966, 0.0], [18966, 19039, 0.0], [19039, 19056, 0.0], [19056, 19220, 0.0], [19220, 19544, 0.0], [19544, 19555, 0.0], [19555, 20711, 0.0], [20711, 20723, 0.0], [20723, 20753, 0.0], [20753, 20933, 0.0], [20933, 20952, 0.0], [20952, 22692, 0.0], [22692, 22788, 0.0], [22788, 22959, 0.0], [22959, 22981, 0.0], [22981, 23274, 0.0], [23274, 23405, 0.0], [23405, 23478, 0.0], [23478, 23505, 0.0], [23505, 23983, 0.0], [23983, 24002, 0.0], [24002, 24278, 0.0], [24278, 24297, 0.0], [24297, 24320, 0.0], [24320, 24441, 0.0], [24441, 24473, 0.0], [24473, 24618, 0.0], [24618, 24649, 0.0], [24649, 25047, 0.0], [25047, 25064, 0.0], [25064, 25388, 0.0], [25388, 26338, 0.0], [26338, 26746, 0.0], [26746, 26784, 0.0], [26784, 26985, 0.0], [26985, 27049, 0.0], [27049, 27070, 0.0], [27070, 27102, 0.0], [27102, 27110, 0.0], [27110, 27415, 0.0], [27415, 27457, 0.0], [27457, 27606, 0.0], [27606, 27998, 0.0], [27998, 28059, 0.0], [28059, 28076, 0.0], [28076, 28473, 0.0], [28473, 28589, 0.0], [28589, 28613, 0.0], [28613, 28639, 0.0], [28639, 28893, 0.0], [28893, 28929, 0.0], [28929, 28941, 0.0], [28941, 28966, 0.0], [28966, 29343, 0.0], [29343, 29420, 0.0], [29420, 29441, 0.0], [29441, 29464, 0.0], [29464, 29528, 0.0], [29528, 30034, 0.0], [30034, 30049, 0.0], [30049, 30143, 0.0], [30143, 30227, 0.0], [30227, 30249, 0.0], [30249, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 68, 10.0], [68, 123, 7.0], [123, 471, 48.0], [471, 514, 9.0], [514, 600, 13.0], [600, 633, 6.0], [633, 699, 11.0], [699, 1218, 89.0], [1218, 1656, 67.0], [1656, 2089, 75.0], [2089, 2948, 157.0], [2948, 3709, 133.0], [3709, 4572, 152.0], [4572, 4616, 9.0], [4616, 5069, 77.0], [5069, 5081, 3.0], [5081, 5214, 25.0], [5214, 5253, 8.0], [5253, 6355, 211.0], [6355, 6489, 24.0], [6489, 6974, 82.0], [6974, 8033, 187.0], [8033, 8256, 41.0], [8256, 8278, 4.0], [8278, 8317, 8.0], [8317, 10395, 393.0], [10395, 10492, 19.0], [10492, 10514, 3.0], [10514, 11125, 111.0], [11125, 11588, 83.0], [11588, 11599, 3.0], [11599, 12476, 162.0], [12476, 12951, 91.0], [12951, 12963, 2.0], [12963, 13026, 13.0], [13026, 13406, 63.0], [13406, 13950, 100.0], [13950, 13963, 4.0], [13963, 14527, 105.0], [14527, 15341, 150.0], [15341, 15496, 28.0], [15496, 15531, 8.0], [15531, 16498, 187.0], [16498, 16513, 5.0], [16513, 17031, 94.0], [17031, 17249, 43.0], [17249, 17277, 5.0], [17277, 17481, 39.0], [17481, 18117, 115.0], [18117, 18550, 84.0], [18550, 18572, 4.0], [18572, 18840, 55.0], [18840, 18856, 4.0], [18856, 18966, 22.0], [18966, 19039, 14.0], [19039, 19056, 3.0], [19056, 19220, 23.0], [19220, 19544, 60.0], [19544, 19555, 3.0], [19555, 20711, 211.0], [20711, 20723, 3.0], [20723, 20753, 7.0], [20753, 20933, 36.0], [20933, 20952, 4.0], [20952, 22692, 308.0], [22692, 22788, 19.0], [22788, 22959, 27.0], [22959, 22981, 6.0], [22981, 23274, 62.0], [23274, 23405, 26.0], [23405, 23478, 15.0], [23478, 23505, 4.0], [23505, 23983, 89.0], [23983, 24002, 5.0], [24002, 24278, 46.0], [24278, 24297, 3.0], [24297, 24320, 4.0], [24320, 24441, 19.0], [24441, 24473, 7.0], [24473, 24618, 23.0], [24618, 24649, 7.0], [24649, 25047, 68.0], [25047, 25064, 3.0], [25064, 25388, 59.0], [25388, 26338, 181.0], [26338, 26746, 73.0], [26746, 26784, 8.0], [26784, 26985, 37.0], [26985, 27049, 12.0], [27049, 27070, 5.0], [27070, 27102, 7.0], [27102, 27110, 2.0], [27110, 27415, 58.0], [27415, 27457, 6.0], [27457, 27606, 27.0], [27606, 27998, 78.0], [27998, 28059, 13.0], [28059, 28076, 3.0], [28076, 28473, 75.0], [28473, 28589, 22.0], [28589, 28613, 4.0], [28613, 28639, 4.0], [28639, 28893, 49.0], [28893, 28929, 7.0], [28929, 28941, 3.0], [28941, 28966, 5.0], [28966, 29343, 70.0], [29343, 29420, 17.0], [29420, 29441, 4.0], [29441, 29464, 5.0], [29464, 29528, 15.0], [29528, 30034, 95.0], [30034, 30049, 2.0], [30049, 30143, 19.0], [30143, 30227, 16.0], [30227, 30249, 5.0], [30249, 30288, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 68, 0.06349206], [68, 123, 0.03921569], [123, 471, 0.05572755], [471, 514, 0.20689655], [514, 600, 0.0], [600, 633, 0.0], [633, 699, 0.0], [699, 1218, 0.0039604], [1218, 1656, 0.0], [1656, 2089, 0.0], [2089, 2948, 0.0], [2948, 3709, 0.0], [3709, 4572, 0.0], [4572, 4616, 0.0], [4616, 5069, 0.0], [5069, 5081, 0.0], [5081, 5214, 0.0], [5214, 5253, 0.0], [5253, 6355, 0.0], [6355, 6489, 0.0], [6489, 6974, 0.0], [6974, 8033, 0.0], [8033, 8256, 0.0], [8256, 8278, 0.0], [8278, 8317, 0.0], [8317, 10395, 0.0], [10395, 10492, 0.0], [10492, 10514, 0.0], [10514, 11125, 0.0], [11125, 11588, 0.0], [11588, 11599, 0.0], [11599, 12476, 0.0], [12476, 12951, 0.0], [12951, 12963, 0.0], [12963, 13026, 0.0], [13026, 13406, 0.0], [13406, 13950, 0.0], [13950, 13963, 0.0], [13963, 14527, 0.0], [14527, 15341, 0.0], [15341, 15496, 0.0], [15496, 15531, 0.0], [15531, 16498, 0.0], [16498, 16513, 0.0], [16513, 17031, 0.0], [17031, 17249, 0.0], [17249, 17277, 0.0], [17277, 17481, 0.0], [17481, 18117, 0.0], [18117, 18550, 0.0], [18550, 18572, 0.0], [18572, 18840, 0.0], [18840, 18856, 0.0], [18856, 18966, 0.0], [18966, 19039, 0.0], [19039, 19056, 0.0], [19056, 19220, 0.0], [19220, 19544, 0.0], [19544, 19555, 0.0], [19555, 20711, 0.00178731], [20711, 20723, 0.0], [20723, 20753, 0.0], [20753, 20933, 0.0], [20933, 20952, 0.0], [20952, 22692, 0.0], [22692, 22788, 0.0], [22788, 22959, 0.0], [22959, 22981, 0.0], [22981, 23274, 0.0], [23274, 23405, 0.0], [23405, 23478, 0.0], [23478, 23505, 0.0], [23505, 23983, 0.0], [23983, 24002, 0.0], [24002, 24278, 0.0], [24278, 24297, 0.0], [24297, 24320, 0.0], [24320, 24441, 0.0], [24441, 24473, 0.0], [24473, 24618, 0.0], [24618, 24649, 0.0], [24649, 25047, 0.0], [25047, 25064, 0.0], [25064, 25388, 0.0], [25388, 26338, 0.0], [26338, 26746, 0.0], [26746, 26784, 0.0], [26784, 26985, 0.0], [26985, 27049, 0.0], [27049, 27070, 0.0], [27070, 27102, 0.0], [27102, 27110, 0.0], [27110, 27415, 0.0], [27415, 27457, 0.0], [27457, 27606, 0.0], [27606, 27998, 0.0], [27998, 28059, 0.0], [28059, 28076, 0.0], [28076, 28473, 0.0], [28473, 28589, 0.0], [28589, 28613, 0.0], [28613, 28639, 0.0], [28639, 28893, 0.0], [28893, 28929, 0.0], [28929, 28941, 0.0], [28941, 28966, 0.0], [28966, 29343, 0.0], [29343, 29420, 0.0], [29420, 29441, 0.0], [29441, 29464, 0.0], [29464, 29528, 0.0], [29528, 30034, 0.01649485], [30034, 30049, 0.0], [30049, 30143, 0.0], [30143, 30227, 0.0], [30227, 30249, 0.0], [30249, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 68, 0.0], [68, 123, 0.0], [123, 471, 0.0], [471, 514, 0.0], [514, 600, 0.0], [600, 633, 0.0], [633, 699, 0.0], [699, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1656, 0.0], [1656, 2089, 0.0], [2089, 2948, 0.0], [2948, 3709, 0.0], [3709, 4572, 0.0], [4572, 4616, 0.0], [4616, 5069, 0.0], [5069, 5081, 0.0], [5081, 5214, 0.0], [5214, 5253, 0.0], [5253, 6355, 0.0], [6355, 6489, 0.0], [6489, 6974, 0.0], [6974, 8033, 0.0], [8033, 8256, 0.0], [8256, 8278, 0.0], [8278, 8317, 0.0], [8317, 10395, 0.0], [10395, 10492, 0.0], [10492, 10514, 0.0], [10514, 11125, 0.0], [11125, 11588, 0.0], [11588, 11599, 0.0], [11599, 12476, 0.0], [12476, 12951, 0.0], [12951, 12963, 0.0], [12963, 13026, 0.0], [13026, 13406, 0.0], [13406, 13950, 0.0], [13950, 13963, 0.0], [13963, 14527, 0.0], [14527, 15341, 0.0], [15341, 15496, 0.0], [15496, 15531, 0.0], [15531, 16498, 0.0], [16498, 16513, 0.0], [16513, 17031, 0.0], [17031, 17249, 0.0], [17249, 17277, 0.0], [17277, 17481, 0.0], [17481, 18117, 0.0], [18117, 18550, 0.0], [18550, 18572, 0.0], [18572, 18840, 0.0], [18840, 18856, 0.0], [18856, 18966, 0.0], [18966, 19039, 0.0], [19039, 19056, 0.0], [19056, 19220, 0.0], [19220, 19544, 0.0], [19544, 19555, 0.0], [19555, 20711, 0.0], [20711, 20723, 0.0], [20723, 20753, 0.0], [20753, 20933, 0.0], [20933, 20952, 0.0], [20952, 22692, 0.0], [22692, 22788, 0.0], [22788, 22959, 0.0], [22959, 22981, 0.0], [22981, 23274, 0.0], [23274, 23405, 0.0], [23405, 23478, 0.0], [23478, 23505, 0.0], [23505, 23983, 0.0], [23983, 24002, 0.0], [24002, 24278, 0.0], [24278, 24297, 0.0], [24297, 24320, 0.0], [24320, 24441, 0.0], [24441, 24473, 0.0], [24473, 24618, 0.0], [24618, 24649, 0.0], [24649, 25047, 0.0], [25047, 25064, 0.0], [25064, 25388, 0.0], [25388, 26338, 0.0], [26338, 26746, 0.0], [26746, 26784, 0.0], [26784, 26985, 0.0], [26985, 27049, 0.0], [27049, 27070, 0.0], [27070, 27102, 0.0], [27102, 27110, 0.0], [27110, 27415, 0.0], [27415, 27457, 0.0], [27457, 27606, 0.0], [27606, 27998, 0.0], [27998, 28059, 0.0], [28059, 28076, 0.0], [28076, 28473, 0.0], [28473, 28589, 0.0], [28589, 28613, 0.0], [28613, 28639, 0.0], [28639, 28893, 0.0], [28893, 28929, 0.0], [28929, 28941, 0.0], [28941, 28966, 0.0], [28966, 29343, 0.0], [29343, 29420, 0.0], [29420, 29441, 0.0], [29441, 29464, 0.0], [29464, 29528, 0.0], [29528, 30034, 0.0], [30034, 30049, 0.0], [30049, 30143, 0.0], [30143, 30227, 0.0], [30227, 30249, 0.0], [30249, 30288, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 68, 0.11764706], [68, 123, 0.09090909], [123, 471, 0.0862069], [471, 514, 0.06976744], [514, 600, 0.12790698], [600, 633, 0.15151515], [633, 699, 0.13636364], [699, 1218, 0.04816956], [1218, 1656, 0.05251142], [1656, 2089, 0.01154734], [2089, 2948, 0.01629802], [2948, 3709, 0.00919842], [3709, 4572, 0.01274623], [4572, 4616, 0.09090909], [4616, 5069, 0.01324503], [5069, 5081, 0.16666667], [5081, 5214, 0.03007519], [5214, 5253, 0.05128205], [5253, 6355, 0.02177858], [6355, 6489, 0.03731343], [6489, 6974, 0.01237113], [6974, 8033, 0.01605288], [8033, 8256, 0.02242152], [8256, 8278, 0.09090909], [8278, 8317, 0.1025641], [8317, 10395, 0.01588065], [10395, 10492, 0.02061856], [10492, 10514, 0.13636364], [10514, 11125, 0.01472995], [11125, 11588, 0.01295896], [11588, 11599, 0.18181818], [11599, 12476, 0.02280502], [12476, 12951, 0.02736842], [12951, 12963, 0.16666667], [12963, 13026, 0.07936508], [13026, 13406, 0.01315789], [13406, 13950, 0.01470588], [13950, 13963, 0.23076923], [13963, 14527, 0.01950355], [14527, 15341, 0.01105651], [15341, 15496, 0.03225806], [15496, 15531, 0.05714286], [15531, 16498, 0.02481903], [16498, 16513, 0.2], [16513, 17031, 0.00965251], [17031, 17249, 0.02293578], [17249, 17277, 0.07142857], [17277, 17481, 0.00980392], [17481, 18117, 0.01572327], [18117, 18550, 0.00923788], [18550, 18572, 0.09090909], [18572, 18840, 0.01119403], [18840, 18856, 0.125], [18856, 18966, 0.03636364], [18966, 19039, 0.05479452], [19039, 19056, 0.11764706], [19056, 19220, 0.01829268], [19220, 19544, 0.02777778], [19544, 19555, 0.18181818], [19555, 20711, 0.01470588], [20711, 20723, 0.16666667], [20723, 20753, 0.06666667], [20753, 20933, 0.02777778], [20933, 20952, 0.10526316], [20952, 22692, 0.02126437], [22692, 22788, 0.04166667], [22788, 22959, 0.04093567], [22959, 22981, 0.13636364], [22981, 23274, 0.03071672], [23274, 23405, 0.02290076], [23405, 23478, 0.04109589], [23478, 23505, 0.07407407], [23505, 23983, 0.02301255], [23983, 24002, 0.10526316], [24002, 24278, 0.01811594], [24278, 24297, 0.10526316], [24297, 24320, 0.08695652], [24320, 24441, 0.04132231], [24441, 24473, 0.09375], [24473, 24618, 0.02758621], [24618, 24649, 0.06451613], [24649, 25047, 0.01256281], [25047, 25064, 0.11764706], [25064, 25388, 0.0308642], [25388, 26338, 0.02], [26338, 26746, 0.01960784], [26746, 26784, 0.07894737], [26784, 26985, 0.00995025], [26985, 27049, 0.03125], [27049, 27070, 0.0952381], [27070, 27102, 0.0625], [27102, 27110, 0.25], [27110, 27415, 0.02295082], [27415, 27457, 0.07142857], [27457, 27606, 0.02684564], [27606, 27998, 0.01785714], [27998, 28059, 0.03278689], [28059, 28076, 0.11764706], [28076, 28473, 0.01763224], [28473, 28589, 0.03448276], [28589, 28613, 0.08333333], [28613, 28639, 0.07692308], [28639, 28893, 0.01181102], [28893, 28929, 0.05555556], [28929, 28941, 0.16666667], [28941, 28966, 0.08], [28966, 29343, 0.02122016], [29343, 29420, 0.03896104], [29420, 29441, 0.0952381], [29441, 29464, 0.08695652], [29464, 29528, 0.078125], [29528, 30034, 0.01976285], [30034, 30049, 0.13333333], [30049, 30143, 0.06382979], [30143, 30227, 0.04761905], [30227, 30249, 0.09090909], [30249, 30288, 0.07692308]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 30288, 0.73321438]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 30288, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 30288, 0.25757205]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 30288, 596.43576916]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 30288, 308.18465235]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 30288, -2670.57576095]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 30288, 403.0]]} |
Human Trafficking & Violence Against Naga Tribal Girls and Women in South India
in Patriarchy — by Ajailiu Niumai — 13/04/2021
Human trafficking is not only a modern day slavery but it is a gender-based violence which requires interventions from civil society, local community and law enforcement agency to address it. Trafficking is gender-based violence since it affects girls and women and it is also a human rights violation with major social and psychological impacts for trafficked survivors, their families and communities. Gender-based violence is a phenomenon that is rooted in gender inequality and it is global pandemic just like coronavirus which affects 1 in 3 women. Gender-based violence leads to not only psychological trauma but behavioural consequences for the survivors. I will attempt to address the voluntary migration that leads to trafficking and exploitation for labour and sexual services and re-integration of the trafficked survivors.
Trafficking is a pathway to the total destruction of humanity as a whole and it is the third most lucrative criminal business after arms and drugs. It is a situation where the trafficked victims were caged like birds and animals for making surplus gain in the capitalist market. Human trafficking not only bruises the body and mind of the victims, but it almost destroys them completely. The concept of human trafficking deals with an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouring or receiving a person through coercion, deception or abuse of vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation. Anyone can fall victim to human trafficking. The phenomenon of human trafficking is contingent with globalisation as it is a truly global occurrence with 127 countries as sources and 135 countries being the destination of the trafficked victims according to the United Nations (UNODC 2014). When I lived in USA in 2013-14 (although I have been visiting various Universities across USA since 2006 onwards), I learnt that human trafficking has been rampant in the US and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) finds it difficult to catch the traffickers. To my surprise, trafficking of girls and women seem to proliferate in mega cities like New York, Washington DC, California and Chicago. Similarly, human trafficking is rampant in Europe and the Middle East. When I delivered a special lecture on invitation on the topic “Human Trafficking about North East India” in December 2018 in the Department of Sociology, University of Tel Aviv, many scholars mentioned that trafficking is rampant in Israel too. A student in University of Tel Aviv from Nagaland discussed with me about his intention of conducting research among 3000 Nepalese care givers in Israel. I realised that Nepalese have been trafficked in various Middle Eastern countries by job recruiting agencies. It reminded me of the incident in February 2019, where around 179 Nepalese nationals were rescued in Imphal and Moreh while they were in transit to Myanmar and their destinations include the Middle East and West Asia. Smuggling of girls and women including boys and men to other states and abroad and then leaving them to their own devices are viewed as illegal. Any type of migration for labour through an agent is defined as coercion in international debate. In our everyday life, the difference is largely semantic. Girls, women and men migrated into another states and abroad for education, employment (labour) and marriage often fall prey to traffickers and the perpetrators of crimes end up victimising the trafficked victims. The conviction rate for the crimes committed by traffickers are low.
The most vulnerable people in the context of human trafficking are those minority tribes and communities with little social and legal protection. The girls and women from North East India have been stereotyped and discriminated due to their racial feature and they are more vulnerable to various forms of exploitation. Human trafficking in Northeast India is different from the human trafficking in any other states in India. Since the past few years, many states in Northeast India emerged as a source and transit for human trafficking. The Government reveals that hundreds of trafficked victims especially tribal girls and women including boys and men have been rescued. The trafficked survivor’s traumatic experiences are often silenced and disregarded with shame and stigma. Therefore, I attempted to examine the unspoken narratives of trafficked survivors in order to examine their intersectional experiences.
Origin of interest in human trafficking
My research on human trafficking grew out of an accidental conversation with Mariam, a Naga woman at Tuhilal International Airport, Imphal, Manipur in June 2008. I was travelling to Hyderabad, where I work and live, after spending a summer holiday with my family in Manipur. Mariam said that her sister Jane is traveling to Singapore to work as a housemaid for Indian diaspora household. Mariam seemed worried since Jane had never travelled outside the country or flown before. Besides, Mariam and Jane did not know anybody in Singapore. Jane was going to an unknown country without any family members. This was the first time I had heard of Naga girl going abroad to work as housemaid, and it made me wonder if Jane was being trafficked by job recruiting agency. Since I am involved occasionally in the repatriation of trafficked girls and women among the North East Indian community in Hyderabad, this incident caught my attention.
Voluntary migration that leads to trafficking and exploitation
I found that an important structural instability is the ever-changing nature of technology that leads to a cat and mouse game between the law enforcement authorities and the criminals leading to many gaps that are exploited by the traffickers. A few crucial aspects that emerge from my research are the voluntary participation of the trafficked victims, who trust false promises, in the trafficking rackets; parents and relatives being loath to admit that their children and female relatives have been trafficked because of social stigma and shame. I found that trafficking is about the neglect of girls and women from marginalised tribes and communities from a region considered important only because of it’s strategic international geographical border in Myanmar.
Tribal parents and relatives do not question the intentions of the job recruiting agents, especially when they are local acquaintances, and even encourage their children to take advantage of the offers made by the agents. Ironically, agents who charge fees are the most trusted. When the agents charge fees, parents and other family members believe that they are genuine. Once their family members are gone, it is hard for the families to pursue the matter with the police even if they learn that their relatives are being exploited. Given the close-knit tribal society, rescued victims are reluctant to share their stories, fearing social stigma, and they attempt to hide their identity from strangers, including the researcher. The sociological framework of stigma is relevant in our understanding of re-integration of trafficked survivors with their families and society as it shed light on how they dealt with shame and social exclusion. Erving Goffman’s theory of stigma provided a better understanding of how trafficked survivors encountered multiple traumas due to stigmatization and finds it challenging to cope up in their everyday lives.
More than a dozen Liangmai Naga girls and boys were rescued from a shelter home in June 2009 from Andhra Pradesh by University of Hyderabad research scholars and Naga leaders. The rescued children were promised free education with boarding facility by the local agents (couple). After reaching their destination, they were deceived and not provided nutritious food and quality education. The Andhra Pradesh Police officials raided the shelter home after a tip off and rescued the children. The police personnel and Naga youth accompanied these rescued children to their home state by train and re-integrated them with their respective families after counselling.
Another story of the Naga girl Joyce who worked in a popular spa in Hyderabad reveals a subtle form of deception, exploitation, trauma and shame that the trafficked survivors encounter in their everyday life. The police officials raided a popular spa in Hyderabad after a tip off of cross-massaging. The police rescued several Thai girls including girls from North East India in 2017 at Hyderabad. One of them is Joyce and a Meitei (Manipuri) girl who was six months pregnant at that time. They were kept in Prajwala Shelter home (NGO) managed by Padma Shri Awardee Sunita Krishnan in Hyderabad for a couple of months. The NGO staff counselled them psychologically and provided their basic needs. After the court gave a clearance, Joyce was re-integrated with her family in early 2018 and the Meitei (Manipuri) girl had a court marriage with her Muslim boyfriend who was her client in the spa. It reveals the pattern of deception and exploitation which traumatises the survivors.
In the context of gender-based violence, I would like to narrate a story of 18 year old Mary who was a victim of attempted rape in 2015. Mary’s sister is married to a driver of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) who hails from Karnakata. They live in a rented apartment in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad. Her sister had gone back home for delivery and left Mary with her husband to do domestic chores. In the meanwhile, Mary’s brother-in-law and his friend were intoxicated and wore mask and they attempted to rape her at midnight. She screamed and managed to run out of the apartment and her neighbours dialled the police and the two men were arrested. Mary was also kept in the police custody in the Children’s shelter home in Erragada, Hyderabad for four days. She was released from the shelter home by the Naga leaders. Naga leaders helped her to re-integrate with her family in her native village.
The above stories revealed that trafficked survivors were trafficked due to the poor economic situation and lack of opportunities in their respective villages and towns. The main objectives of the trafficked victims are to have a better life since they leave for education and for jobs.
I would like to conclude my advocacy for the creation of new opportunities for girls and women in villages and towns, establishment of quality and affordable educational institutions like schools and colleges, imparting the traditional understandings of family and kinship relations, promoting Naga traditional practices like music, art, weaving and handicraft, organic farming, horticulture, entrepreneurship and negotiate for market viability like the other dominant communities to curb human trafficking. We need to nurture and build the Naga village eco-system as self-sufficient. Lastly, I would like to recommend the village councils, churches, youth clubs and women associations to conduct massive awareness campaigns and set up Anti-Human Trafficking Youth Clubs in every village and town.
Notes: The names are anonymous in order to protect the identity of the trafficked survivors.
Ajailiu Niumai is Professor of Sociology and Head, Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion & Inclusive Policy, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad.
Tags: Trafficking
Author: Ajailiu Niumai | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1970 | {"url": "https://countercurrents.org/2021/04/human-trafficking-violence-against-naga-tribal-girls-and-women-in-south-india/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "countercurrents.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:40:38Z", "digest": "sha1:VRRJI6OXVWRAPVC3P6OTM2INHFOXLUUN"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 11418, 11418.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 11418, 18209.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 11418, 19.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 11418, 227.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 11418, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 11418, 277.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 11418, 3.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 11418, 0.39474988]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 11418, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 11418, 0.02312016]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 11418, 0.01845371]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 11418, 0.01845371]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 11418, 0.01166614]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 11418, 0.02545339]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 11418, 0.01240853]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 11418, 0.00699968]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 11418, 0.01337296]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 11418, 0.10500248]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 11418, 0.38325014]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 11418, 5.2296173]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 11418, 5.64266581]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 11418, 1803.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 80, 0.0], [80, 127, 0.0], [127, 962, 1.0], [962, 3638, 1.0], [3638, 4553, 1.0], [4553, 4593, 0.0], [4593, 5527, 1.0], [5527, 5590, 0.0], [5590, 6357, 1.0], [6357, 7505, 1.0], [7505, 8168, 1.0], [8168, 9148, 1.0], [9148, 10046, 1.0], [10046, 10333, 1.0], [10333, 11131, 1.0], [11131, 11224, 1.0], [11224, 11378, 1.0], [11378, 11396, 0.0], [11396, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 80, 0.0], [80, 127, 0.0], [127, 962, 0.0], [962, 3638, 0.0], [3638, 4553, 0.0], [4553, 4593, 0.0], [4593, 5527, 0.0], [5527, 5590, 0.0], [5590, 6357, 0.0], [6357, 7505, 0.0], [7505, 8168, 0.0], [8168, 9148, 0.0], [9148, 10046, 0.0], [10046, 10333, 0.0], [10333, 11131, 0.0], [11131, 11224, 0.0], [11224, 11378, 0.0], [11378, 11396, 0.0], [11396, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 80, 12.0], [80, 127, 8.0], [127, 962, 125.0], [962, 3638, 429.0], [3638, 4553, 138.0], [4553, 4593, 6.0], [4593, 5527, 156.0], [5527, 5590, 8.0], [5590, 6357, 118.0], [6357, 7505, 179.0], [7505, 8168, 102.0], [8168, 9148, 163.0], [9148, 10046, 158.0], [10046, 10333, 46.0], [10333, 11131, 113.0], [11131, 11224, 15.0], [11224, 11378, 22.0], [11378, 11396, 2.0], [11396, 11418, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 80, 0.0], [80, 127, 0.18181818], [127, 962, 0.00243309], [962, 3638, 0.01329787], [3638, 4553, 0.0], [4553, 4593, 0.0], [4593, 5527, 0.00436205], [5527, 5590, 0.0], [5590, 6357, 0.0], [6357, 7505, 0.0], [7505, 8168, 0.00612557], [8168, 9148, 0.00833333], [9148, 10046, 0.00683371], [10046, 10333, 0.0], [10333, 11131, 0.0], [11131, 11224, 0.0], [11224, 11378, 0.0], [11378, 11396, 0.0], [11396, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 80, 0.0], [80, 127, 0.0], [127, 962, 0.0], [962, 3638, 0.0], [3638, 4553, 0.0], [4553, 4593, 0.0], [4593, 5527, 0.0], [5527, 5590, 0.0], [5590, 6357, 0.0], [6357, 7505, 0.0], [7505, 8168, 0.0], [8168, 9148, 0.0], [9148, 10046, 0.0], [10046, 10333, 0.0], [10333, 11131, 0.0], [11131, 11224, 0.0], [11224, 11378, 0.0], [11378, 11396, 0.0], [11396, 11418, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 80, 0.125], [80, 127, 0.06382979], [127, 962, 0.00598802], [962, 3638, 0.03139013], [3638, 4553, 0.01857923], [4553, 4593, 0.025], [4593, 5527, 0.03640257], [5527, 5590, 0.01587302], [5590, 6357, 0.00521512], [6357, 7505, 0.00696864], [7505, 8168, 0.02564103], [8168, 9148, 0.03877551], [9148, 10046, 0.03229399], [10046, 10333, 0.00696864], [10333, 11131, 0.01378446], [11131, 11224, 0.02150538], [11224, 11378, 0.1038961], [11378, 11396, 0.11111111], [11396, 11418, 0.13636364]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 11418, 0.67782122]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 11418, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 11418, 0.44237804]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 11418, -207.84301692]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 11418, 121.56966199]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 11418, 70.99940022]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 11418, 78.0]]} |
Luke Bryan Opens Up About Healing After Heartbreaking Family Tragedy
By Manly Bryant on July 28, 2021
Luke Bryan / Instagram
Country star Luke Bryan is ready to open up about his family’s healing process following a season of grief and tragedy.
In an interview with People, Bryan opened up about his past and foreshadowed further exploration in the new docu-series Luke Bryan: My Dirt Road Diary. In the clip, Bryan discusses the loss of his brother, who died in a car accident when the country singer was 19. He also mourned his sister, Kelly, who died of unexplained natural causes at 39. Seven years later, Kelly’s husband, Lee, passed away from a sudden heart attack.
A post shared by People Country (@people.country)
In the video, Bryan revealed that Kelly and Lee left behind three children. His nephew, Til, decided to go live with Bryan and his family, and the singer explained his family was “so honored” by Til’s decision. Byran shared:
“We were so honored that [Til] wanted to do [move in with us] that. We were living in our guesthouse on this farm, and we totally like had to scramble…to get him a bedroom made.”
Despite the loss his family has endured, Bryan explains that he is a “joyful person.” He believes that the tragedies that he has gone through have shaped his ability to live life each day to the fullest.
Watch the video interview in the clip below.
For more on Bryan’s story, check out the following video. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1971 | {"url": "https://countryrebel.com/luke-bryan-opens-up-about-healing-after-heartbreaking-family-tragedy/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "countryrebel.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:32:41Z", "digest": "sha1:Q4RS6QKVYU2L6XOHYH4MX65IRI6TYG6U"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1432, 1432.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1432, 2932.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1432, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1432, 73.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1432, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1432, 320.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1432, 0.36807818]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1432, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1432, 0.03157895]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1432, 0.01754386]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1432, 0.00325733]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1432, 0.17263844]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1432, 0.60557769]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1432, 4.54183267]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1432, 0.00325733]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1432, 4.72969678]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1432, 251.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 102, 0.0], [102, 125, 0.0], [125, 245, 1.0], [245, 672, 1.0], [672, 722, 0.0], [722, 947, 0.0], [947, 1126, 1.0], [1126, 1330, 1.0], [1330, 1375, 1.0], [1375, 1432, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 102, 0.0], [102, 125, 0.0], [125, 245, 0.0], [245, 672, 0.0], [672, 722, 0.0], [722, 947, 0.0], [947, 1126, 0.0], [1126, 1330, 0.0], [1330, 1375, 0.0], [1375, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 69, 10.0], [69, 102, 7.0], [102, 125, 3.0], [125, 245, 21.0], [245, 672, 74.0], [672, 722, 7.0], [722, 947, 39.0], [947, 1126, 35.0], [1126, 1330, 37.0], [1330, 1375, 8.0], [1375, 1432, 10.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 102, 0.19354839], [102, 125, 0.0], [125, 245, 0.0], [245, 672, 0.00970874], [672, 722, 0.0], [722, 947, 0.0], [947, 1126, 0.0], [1126, 1330, 0.0], [1330, 1375, 0.0], [1375, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 69, 0.0], [69, 102, 0.0], [102, 125, 0.0], [125, 245, 0.0], [245, 672, 0.0], [672, 722, 0.0], [722, 947, 0.0], [947, 1126, 0.0], [1126, 1330, 0.0], [1330, 1375, 0.0], [1375, 1432, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 69, 0.14492754], [69, 102, 0.12121212], [102, 125, 0.13043478], [125, 245, 0.025], [245, 672, 0.03747073], [672, 722, 0.06], [722, 947, 0.04], [947, 1126, 0.01675978], [1126, 1330, 0.01470588], [1330, 1375, 0.02222222], [1375, 1432, 0.03508772]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1432, 0.07887805]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1432, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1432, 0.90409213]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1432, -50.68392177]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1432, 35.24017865]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1432, -34.44536933]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1432, 14.0]]} |
By signing up, I agree with the website's Terms and Conditions | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1972 | {"url": "https://courses.brainoscript.in/student-registration/?redirect_to=https://courses.brainoscript.in/courses/life-transformation-vol-1/lessons/welcome-to-the-brain-o-script-family-2/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "courses.brainoscript.in", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:21:20Z", "digest": "sha1:PAJYD5S4LJEUCFVCEQN57DRPHSON2MCH"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 62, 62.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 62, 403.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 62, 1.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 62, 23.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 62, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 62, 227.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 62, 0.35714286]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 62, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 62, 0.07142857]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 62, 0.14285714]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 62, 1.0]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 62, 4.54545455]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 62, 2.39789527]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 62, 11.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 62, 11.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 62, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 62, 0.06451613]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 62, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 62, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 62, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 62, 1.66827586]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 62, 0.15118512]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 62, -2.72470208]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 62, 1.0]]} |
› Turkey’s Fight Against COVID-19
› How Turkey Prepared for the Pandemic
› Turkey’s Initial Response
› Measures Taken to Stop the Virus
› Turkey’s Help to Other Countries
› What Did Turkey Do to Flatten the Curve?
› Turkey’s Scientific Advisory Board
› List of Hospitals in Turkey
› How You Can Protect Yourself and Others
› Support Yourself
› Frequently Asked Questions
› Useful Links
↓ SCROLL TO SEE MORE ↑
COVID-19 Turkey
Türkiye’s exports rise 13.4% in July
Türkiye’s export volume in July 2022 increased by 13.4% compared to the same month last year and reached $18.55 billion, the Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Trade said in a joint report.
Turkish imports rose 41.4% to $29.24 billion in July, according to the report.
The foreign trade deficit in July 2022 increased by 147% to $10.69 billion.
The export-to-import ratio, which stood at 79.1% in July 2021, dropped to 63.4% last month.
According to statistics, in general, in January-July 2022, Türkiye’s exports increased by 19.1% to $144.33 billion, and imports by 40.7% to $206.5 billion.
The foreign trade deficit in this period increased by 143.7% to $62.18 billion.
If in January-July 2021 the ratio of exports and imports was 82.6%, in 2022 the figure dropped to 69.9%.
Türkiye’s main importer in July was Germany – $1.49 billion. The US is next with $1.32 billion, the UK with $1.15 billion, Iraq with $1 billion and Italy with $850 million.
The top five importers accounted for 30.6% of Türkiye’s total exports.
In January-July, Germany also remains the main importer – $12.11 billion. They are followed by the US with $9.94 billion, the UK with $7.5 billion, Italy with $7.46 billion and Iraq with $7.36 billion.
Turkey boosts exports to neighboring countries
Turkish exports up 25.4% in February
This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We assume you are ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Cookie settingsACCEPT | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1973 | {"url": "https://covid19turkey.com/turkiyes-exports-rise-13-4-in-july/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "covid19turkey.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:41:12Z", "digest": "sha1:SOZUYERRPOLTVYQQVHQGS3JQVBLOYXOU"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1919, 1919.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1919, 3785.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1919, 28.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1919, 61.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1919, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1919, 327.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1919, 0.24034335]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1919, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1919, 0.05831677]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1919, 0.02385686]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1919, 0.01325381]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1919, 0.02518224]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1919, 0.02145923]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1919, 0.38412017]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1919, 0.50154799]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1919, 4.67182663]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1919, 4.62345814]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1919, 323.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 73, 0.0], [73, 101, 0.0], [101, 136, 0.0], [136, 171, 0.0], [171, 214, 1.0], [214, 251, 0.0], [251, 281, 0.0], [281, 323, 0.0], [323, 342, 0.0], [342, 371, 0.0], [371, 386, 0.0], [386, 409, 0.0], [409, 425, 0.0], [425, 462, 0.0], [462, 661, 1.0], [661, 740, 1.0], [740, 816, 1.0], [816, 908, 1.0], [908, 1064, 1.0], [1064, 1144, 1.0], [1144, 1249, 1.0], [1249, 1422, 1.0], [1422, 1493, 1.0], [1493, 1695, 1.0], [1695, 1742, 0.0], [1742, 1779, 0.0], [1779, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 73, 0.0], [73, 101, 0.0], [101, 136, 0.0], [136, 171, 0.0], [171, 214, 0.0], [214, 251, 0.0], [251, 281, 0.0], [281, 323, 0.0], [323, 342, 0.0], [342, 371, 0.0], [371, 386, 0.0], [386, 409, 0.0], [409, 425, 0.0], [425, 462, 0.0], [462, 661, 0.0], [661, 740, 0.0], [740, 816, 0.0], [816, 908, 0.0], [908, 1064, 0.0], [1064, 1144, 0.0], [1144, 1249, 0.0], [1249, 1422, 0.0], [1422, 1493, 0.0], [1493, 1695, 0.0], [1695, 1742, 0.0], [1742, 1779, 0.0], [1779, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 34, 5.0], [34, 73, 7.0], [73, 101, 4.0], [101, 136, 7.0], [136, 171, 6.0], [171, 214, 9.0], [214, 251, 5.0], [251, 281, 6.0], [281, 323, 8.0], [323, 342, 3.0], [342, 371, 4.0], [371, 386, 3.0], [386, 409, 6.0], [409, 425, 2.0], [425, 462, 6.0], [462, 661, 34.0], [661, 740, 13.0], [740, 816, 13.0], [816, 908, 15.0], [908, 1064, 23.0], [1064, 1144, 13.0], [1144, 1249, 19.0], [1249, 1422, 31.0], [1422, 1493, 11.0], [1493, 1695, 34.0], [1695, 1742, 6.0], [1742, 1779, 6.0], [1779, 1919, 24.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.0625], [34, 73, 0.0], [73, 101, 0.0], [101, 136, 0.0], [136, 171, 0.0], [171, 214, 0.0], [214, 251, 0.0], [251, 281, 0.0], [281, 323, 0.0], [323, 342, 0.0], [342, 371, 0.0], [371, 386, 0.0], [386, 409, 0.0], [409, 425, 0.14285714], [425, 462, 0.08571429], [462, 661, 0.05699482], [661, 740, 0.09722222], [740, 816, 0.15492958], [816, 908, 0.12195122], [908, 1064, 0.13380282], [1064, 1144, 0.10810811], [1144, 1249, 0.1443299], [1249, 1422, 0.08074534], [1422, 1493, 0.04411765], [1493, 1695, 0.08108108], [1695, 1742, 0.0], [1742, 1779, 0.08823529], [1779, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 34, 0.0], [34, 73, 0.0], [73, 101, 0.0], [101, 136, 0.0], [136, 171, 0.0], [171, 214, 0.0], [214, 251, 0.0], [251, 281, 0.0], [281, 323, 0.0], [323, 342, 0.0], [342, 371, 0.0], [371, 386, 0.0], [386, 409, 0.0], [409, 425, 0.0], [425, 462, 0.0], [462, 661, 0.0], [661, 740, 0.0], [740, 816, 0.0], [816, 908, 0.0], [908, 1064, 0.0], [1064, 1144, 0.0], [1144, 1249, 0.0], [1249, 1422, 0.0], [1422, 1493, 0.0], [1493, 1695, 0.0], [1695, 1742, 0.0], [1742, 1779, 0.0], [1779, 1919, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 34, 0.23529412], [34, 73, 0.1025641], [73, 101, 0.10714286], [101, 136, 0.11428571], [136, 171, 0.11428571], [171, 214, 0.13953488], [214, 251, 0.10810811], [251, 281, 0.1], [281, 323, 0.14285714], [323, 342, 0.10526316], [342, 371, 0.10344828], [371, 386, 0.13333333], [386, 409, 0.65217391], [409, 425, 0.375], [425, 462, 0.05405405], [462, 661, 0.03015075], [661, 740, 0.02531646], [740, 816, 0.02631579], [816, 908, 0.02173913], [908, 1064, 0.02564103], [1064, 1144, 0.0125], [1144, 1249, 0.02857143], [1249, 1422, 0.05780347], [1422, 1493, 0.02816901], [1493, 1695, 0.05445545], [1695, 1742, 0.0212766], [1742, 1779, 0.05405405], [1779, 1919, 0.06428571]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1919, 0.0012036]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1919, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1919, 0.59954548]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1919, -276.43438231]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1919, -19.59379414]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1919, -33.28724393]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1919, 42.0]]} |
Rick Hutzell
Former Capital Gazette editor on justice and healing after worst newsroom shooting in U.S. history
August 5, 2021 5:06 PM EDT
When CPJ interviewed Rick Hutzell at a café in Annapolis, Maryland, in July, he acknowledged that the decision to open up about his experiences as the former editor of the Capital Gazette, the site of the worst newsroom shooting in U.S. history, was a shift. Hutzell had been wary of giving interviews in the three… | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1974 | {"url": "https://cpj.org/tags/rick-hutzell/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cpj.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:34:15Z", "digest": "sha1:COJN6FYIZP7UEE55PIK4B25DGS5LZ373"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 454, 454.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 454, 6609.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 454, 4.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 454, 527.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 454, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 454, 281.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 454, 0.34042553]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 454, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 454, 0.17486339]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 454, 0.17486339]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 454, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 454, 0.06010929]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 454, 0.1147541]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 454, 0.12568306]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 454, 0.07446809]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 454, 0.25]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 454, 0.18085106]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 454, 0.69230769]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 454, 4.69230769]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 454, 0.0106383]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 454, 3.83570039]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 454, 78.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 112, 0.0], [112, 139, 0.0], [139, 454, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 112, 0.0], [112, 139, 0.0], [139, 454, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 13, 2.0], [13, 112, 15.0], [112, 139, 6.0], [139, 454, 55.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 112, 0.0], [112, 139, 0.33333333], [139, 454, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 112, 0.0], [112, 139, 0.0], [139, 454, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 13, 0.15384615], [13, 112, 0.05050505], [112, 139, 0.22222222], [139, 454, 0.04444444]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 454, 0.00304776]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 454, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 454, 0.82703596]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 454, -10.51204355]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 454, 6.73236661]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 454, 12.67931353]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 454, 6.0]]} |
Download Tor Browser Full Repack [Updated] For Mac And Windows
Browser CAD Firewall Software
Tor browser Download [Crack] + with Keygen [final]
Tor Browser 9.0-1 is the newest version of the Tor Browser you could possibly download from their website. Tor Browser is a modification of Firefox by the Tor Project.
Tor browser With Crack + Activation code
Tor browser Download Patched + [Keygen]
Tor browser [Nulled] + [Serial number] [FRESH]
What is Tor browser good for?
Who Uses Tor browser and Why Is It Important?
Tor browser Review
What’s new in Tor browser?
How To Install Tor browser?
Tor Browser is a personal firewall. It blocks IP addresses that you tell it to, along with or without DNS. It also blocks fingerprinted domains for the same purpose. Tor Browser might also block some sites.
Additionally, it allows a separate Internet proxy connection to avoid your ISP’s censorship or DNS spoofing. This is called a bridge. This setting is in Tor Browser’s Connection Settings.
Tor Browser is also a anonymizer and locates its privacy features in a hidden set of extensions. These extensions show you your location and behavior, including where you browse. It also prevents your tracker and Google from following you while you browse.
Tor Browser’s default search engine is DuckDuckGo. When you use DuckDuckGo, you can use a hidden-microphone to speak to DuckDuckGo at the Tor servers in France. To be more specific, you can do this so only you will know (because only DuckDuckGo will see this).
Tor Browser’s developers won’t tell you how their new features work. Some features will be locked to experimentals. Only a Tor developer, or someone who has advanced knowledge and a special program called Mona will be able to use it.
Tor Browser’s built-in, or in-built, HTTPS everywhere feature will upgrade any connection you make on the Tor network to https automatically. This means no need to worry about an insecure connection.
The free Tor browser download is the browser you know and love, but with a few major differences. Tor is a browser designed to make Internet use anonymous and untraceable, operating on software developed at the United States Naval Research Laboratory. Tor was originally used by American military and intelligence personnel for messaging and for IRC, but the secret service later deemed it too dangerous.
Most Linux users will already have the right libraries and software on their system to install a browser like Tor. However, this isnt a trivial task as Linux is a comparatively new operating system and as such it only has a small number of packages available for distribution on the system. This means that in some cases you will need to compile your own version of Tor.
The process of installing a browser is much the same as the steps you would take to install any other software. You will need to enable installation from the Software Center.
Now if all goes well, you will have installed a free Tor browser download. The next step is to start it up and create a profile that matches your regular use.
The free Tor browser download is a web browser designed with security in mind. It comes with hundreds of security extensions pre-installed. Some of these focus on preventing tracking, eavesdropping, or identity theft. Others filter out ads and content that you may find objectionable. Most Tor browsers also support javascript filtering, which will make sure certain websites dont have acess to anything you dont want them to. They also have a built in Tor proxy to protect your network traffic from being snooped on.
The security features are only half the story, though. The free Tor browser download also has many additional features and settings that can be configured. These include:
To make sure all of your traffic is hidden from potential adversaries, the browser does one final thing: it tries to make it as hard as possible to connect your local network to the internet. To do this, it will not allow applications to connect to the internet directly, but rather only through Tor.
Tabs with Torbutton add-on
After you’re in your Firefox browser, you’ll notice that the green onion button has moved into the top left corner. Click on it to add Torbutton to your toolbar and click it again to remove it.
The browser itself is well-presented, showing detailed information in the help menu. Newbies will appreciate the provision of links to get off the Tor Browser Road. The first is to their technical FAQs, which include FAQs on how to switch to a different circuit, why Tor is a privacy enhancing browser, what new add-ons are available, and upcoming roadmaps. To give you more privacy-friendly settings, the Torbutton add-on allows you to easily make your browser anonymous and obscures your IP address. The Torbutton add-on also provides direct control over the setting that Tor Browser will use when it goes through a different circuit. By default, it will use a new circuit every 15 minutes.
The firefox homepage shows you a snapshot of your anonymized network status. It asks you to subscribe to the Tor Project. We didn’t think this was necessary, because the Torbutton add-on comes with a button that does this. If you prefer, you can change your settings from within the Tor Browser interface. It’s very easy to set it up as per your preferences and get started. It’s also worth checking to see what the status of other circuits is and if it’s worth changing them. The Tor Browser road map link we mentioned earlier lets you see the progress of what Firefox is doing to support Tor.
Tor’s main features are all very straightforward to use. They include downloading add-ons, controlling proxy settings, and visiting The Onion website. The Firefox settings menu (Tools –> Options) displays an interface that includes two preferences: a proxy setting and an interface setting.
Access the dark web. The Tor browser is used to connect to the dark web. Onion sites don’t follow the same rules as other websites, and they’re harder to find. Additionally, the sites are often superfast since their content is stored in other websites’ servers. For example, if you visit a white site like Reddit.com, the connection is with Reddit’s servers. However, if you use Tor, the connection is with the onion site (reddit.onion).
Protect your anonymity. With Tor browser, you can safely browse while protecting your identity. Unlike VPNs which track your IP address, Tor Browser only identifies you by your IP address. This prevents your ID from being associated with your VPN login, allowing you to use Tor safely.
Use it as a safe way to download torrents. To keep you safe while downloading torrents, Tor Browser is the best software to use. You can try it out here torproject.org.
You can access all of the same sites you would on a normal browser, but without the risk of being tracked. On a normal browser, in some cases it’s possible that the sites you visit could identify your IP address. This can lead to further tracking and even identification.
Because the browser is run in.tor you have no chance of seeing anything on your screen that could personally identify you. This allows you to browse anonymously without worrying about other users seeing your online activities.
Tor Browser is free. This allows you to browse in public without having your IP address connected to your online activities. This is especially useful when you want to check your email or go on social media without anyone knowing.
The Tor Browser project insists that traditional Firefox is insecure and can’t be counted on. Mozilla Firefox is probably the most popular internet browser on the planet, and Firefox is based on the Netscape source code. Unlike Mozilla Firefox, Netscape never had any form of security or privacy. The development of Tor was begun shortly after Mozilla Firefox was released.
“Firefox running on your desktop or laptop computer is a core part of your identity on the Web. If you are concerned about your personal identity on the Web, you should consider changing your Firefox browser to an alternative.”
Given the fact that Tor won’t let you enter a URL without disabling its security features, you will probably be using Tor for its ability to mask your IP address when you browse the internet. For example, you will have a different IP address when you browse the dark web than when you browse the regular web.
Because Tor is configured to use the most secure security setting by default, once you set up your browser, you will no longer see any warning icons, banners or content for the Tor network. This makes configuring your connection easy for first-time users.
When you browse the dark web, your connection to the website will appear just like any normal web browser. However, you will use a secure connection and be able to see that you are using Tor. The only other security feature which will act a little differently is that a special certificate will be used in order to verify the website’s identity and prevent your browser from connecting to malicious websites.
For most people, the basic settings provided with the browser are enough. However, if you are looking to use an encrypted link between your computer and the website, you will need to install the cracked Tor browser extension.
The installation process of Tor is very straightforward. You will probably not encounter any issues when clicking and installing the right download for your operating system.
After the installation process is completed, you will need to configure a few settings for your browser. Click “Tor” within your browser to bring up a Tor settings menu. Once you’ve clicked on Tor, you will need to click “Settings” in order to configure your settings.
To enable encryption between your computer and the website you visit, you will need to configure your system so that it uses the Tor connection. You will need to download a special certificate from the Tor website. Once the certificate is downloaded, the browser will check whether the certificate is valid. When the certificate is valid, the browser will automatically use it in order to connect to the website.
Websites using cracked Tor browser: Kali Linux, The Onion Router
Number of active Tor users: 65,000,000
Number of Tor exit nodes: 2,437,376
Graph courtesy of: amishtea
Tor users mainly use it to protect their data from snoopers, censored websites, and other internet service providers, which leaves the files and data of your browser to be vulnerable. In fact, Wikipedia states that the usage model for Tor browser is ” * Protect privacy.”
As an added bonus, ExpressVPN is made available for all major browsers so you can use Tor no matter what. That means you no longer need an individual VPN service for each one.
Speaking of browsers, there are several other applications that you can use with Tor. For example, you could use Ginela, which is an open-source web browser made to work with Tor. It’s completely free, and that means you don’t need to pay for its features.
Tor is often blamed for an increase in drug trafficking and other kinds of crime, however, the use of Tor Browser is still rare. To protect your anonymity, you should only use it when you’re in countries where it’s necessary to do so.
To be honest, I hadn’t used the Tor browser free download until I read this blog post by the Open Technology Fund. This sparked my curiosity and I decided to download and install the Tor Browser.
For example, whenever I travel to Turkey, I use the Tor Browser. This way, I could access Tor sites from Turkey, including a VPN with strong privacy features, without being tracked by my ISP.
I used the Tor Browser for other countries as well. For example, I used Tor Browser to access the Luacuda site in Turkey. Since Turkey is a primarily English-speaking country, I assumed it would be safe to access Luacuda with Tor. Also, I knew I could access the site from other countries using VPNs with strong privacy features.
If you want to know who uses Tor browser free download, just look at The Hacker News and ZeroHacks. These are the communities that keep Tor constantly in the news. The hacker news community is typically filled with young enthusiasts and engineers. Many of them regularly contribute to the Tor Project and help the project develop new features.
We’re going to use the Tor Browser for the install process. The guide is basically the same for Firefox, so we’ll refer to the instructions for the Tor Browser. However, we’ll continue to be very specific when we refer to how to use Tor on Linux.
Most Linux distributions have a pre-packaged version of the Tor Browser already installed. However, if your distribution isn’t one of these, you’ll first need to make sure that you have the necessary dependencies installed.
Sound Forge [Path] + [Serial Number] Final
Tor Browser is an open source web browser that uses the Tor network to anonymize your browsing. It makes your actions invisible to youre ISP and to the sites you visit.
The Tor project was founded in 2004 by Roger Dingledine and Matthew Green and the browser is maintained by the Tor Project. The Tor Browser was designed to be safe and easy to use. It incorporates its own, built-in malware protection, supports Multiple Internet Protocols (IPv4 and IPv6), and includes both Tor and the Tor browser. Tor Browser is free and open source. The Tor Browser bundles multiple security and privacy extensions to provide users with a high level of security.
If you’re familiar with using websites while protecting your privacy and anonymity, you will be right at home using the Tor Browser. You can keep your browsing private, even when youre using a public Wi-Fi connection.
With Tor Browser, your browsing history is not saved on the computers hard drive, since no data is sent to the network. If youre using a Mac or Linux machine, you can select Run at the application or file menu and then select Open with to browse the web using the Tor Browser.
The Tor Browser also comes bundled with a plugin for the Adobe Flash plugin so that you can view YouTube video online using the Tor Browser. This means that you can browse starts sites anonymously, which are often blocked by your ISP. YouTube, Facebook and many other sites have been banned by Google or censored by the government. The Tor Browser is one of the few web browsers that make it possible to access these websites.
Speedify Download Patched + Activator
Tor Browser is designed to work on a variety of devices, including tablets and smartphones. However, you’ll need a machine with at least 2GB of RAM and 32GB of free disk space, which shouldn’t be a problem for most desktop, laptop and notebook computers.
Click here to download a pre-compiled Windows Tor Browser version. This download will download only the Tor Browser executable. You’ll need the other components on your own.
Tor Browser 7.5 is the newest feature-rich version of Tor Browser since version 7.0, released in June. Besides a new look and feel we also introduce a new security setting for setting the default integrity and confirmability level of the Hidden Services based on the standard IPSEC/IKEv2 tunnel you are using. If you opt into secure connections, hidden service configuration has to be done on this new dedicated secure flow. This is a big leap forward as it makes hidden service configuration a lot faster and safer. Previously the integrity setting of the HTTP/S and DNS settings had to be set before hidden service configuration.
The new security slider design also makes it a lot easier to see what Tor Browser is protecting you against and this makes it easier to enable the right security settings. Tor Browser also comes with a new in-app customization UI allowing you to see more of what it’s protecting you against and it also gives the option to enable more security features. Our new i18n engine allows us to provide an even better native app UI and an improved, more consistent experience on any language locale, including a new Persian translation.
The Bat [Repack] Latest Update Fresh
Check if Tor browser is installed
If not install it
Use either /opt/tor/tor-browser/ or ~/.local/opt/tor-browser/app/
To start your new installation make sure ~/.local/opt/tor-browser/app/Browser/TorBrowser/Data/Browser/ exists
Wikipedia’s Tor page
Tor home page
A guide to using the Tor Browser
Getting Tor on Linux (many tutorials)
A Darknet Tools subReddit for all of your Darknet needsso, if you’re a whistle blower or just want to see what a whistle blower would see, check it out. Warning: it’s a very, very dark corner of the Web that can be a weird place.
Tags: download, Tor browser
UltraISO Cracked + [Registration Key] Fresh | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1975 | {"url": "https://cracksto.com/download-tor-browser-full-repack-updated-for-mac-and-windows/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cracksto.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:47:57Z", "digest": "sha1:NHIYCTAUHXXFPKOOX5A5735HEUGX5P75"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 16676, 16676.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 16676, 19791.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 16676, 82.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 16676, 203.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 16676, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 16676, 332.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 16676, 0.42381524]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 16676, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 16676, 0.02993389]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 16676, 0.01515264]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 16676, 0.00519944]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 16676, 0.0475377]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 16676, 0.02220902]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 16676, 0.00675927]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 16676, 0.0134973]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 16676, 0.13167367]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 16676, 0.28348689]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 16676, 4.77072998]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 16676, 5.58877831]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 16676, 2822.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 63, 0.0], [63, 93, 0.0], [93, 144, 0.0], [144, 312, 1.0], [312, 353, 0.0], [353, 393, 0.0], [393, 440, 0.0], [440, 470, 1.0], [470, 516, 1.0], [516, 535, 0.0], [535, 562, 1.0], [562, 590, 1.0], [590, 797, 1.0], [797, 985, 1.0], [985, 1242, 1.0], [1242, 1503, 1.0], [1503, 1737, 1.0], [1737, 1937, 1.0], [1937, 2342, 1.0], [2342, 2713, 1.0], [2713, 2888, 1.0], [2888, 3047, 1.0], [3047, 3565, 1.0], [3565, 3736, 0.0], [3736, 4037, 1.0], [4037, 4064, 0.0], [4064, 4258, 1.0], [4258, 4951, 1.0], [4951, 5546, 1.0], [5546, 5837, 1.0], [5837, 6275, 1.0], [6275, 6561, 1.0], [6561, 6730, 1.0], [6730, 7002, 1.0], [7002, 7229, 1.0], [7229, 7460, 1.0], [7460, 7834, 1.0], [7834, 8062, 1.0], [8062, 8371, 1.0], [8371, 8627, 1.0], [8627, 9036, 1.0], [9036, 9262, 1.0], [9262, 9437, 1.0], [9437, 9706, 1.0], [9706, 10119, 1.0], [10119, 10184, 0.0], [10184, 10223, 0.0], [10223, 10259, 0.0], [10259, 10287, 0.0], [10287, 10559, 1.0], [10559, 10735, 1.0], [10735, 10992, 1.0], [10992, 11227, 1.0], [11227, 11423, 1.0], [11423, 11615, 1.0], [11615, 11945, 1.0], [11945, 12289, 1.0], [12289, 12536, 1.0], [12536, 12760, 1.0], [12760, 12803, 0.0], [12803, 12972, 1.0], [12972, 13454, 1.0], [13454, 13672, 1.0], [13672, 13949, 1.0], [13949, 14376, 1.0], [14376, 14414, 0.0], [14414, 14669, 1.0], [14669, 14843, 1.0], [14843, 15475, 1.0], [15475, 16004, 1.0], [16004, 16041, 0.0], [16041, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16093, 0.0], [16093, 16159, 0.0], [16159, 16269, 0.0], [16269, 16290, 0.0], [16290, 16304, 0.0], [16304, 16337, 0.0], [16337, 16375, 0.0], [16375, 16605, 1.0], [16605, 16633, 0.0], [16633, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 63, 0.0], [63, 93, 0.0], [93, 144, 0.0], [144, 312, 0.0], [312, 353, 0.0], [353, 393, 0.0], [393, 440, 0.0], [440, 470, 0.0], [470, 516, 0.0], [516, 535, 0.0], [535, 562, 0.0], [562, 590, 0.0], [590, 797, 0.0], [797, 985, 0.0], [985, 1242, 0.0], [1242, 1503, 0.0], [1503, 1737, 0.0], [1737, 1937, 0.0], [1937, 2342, 0.0], [2342, 2713, 0.0], [2713, 2888, 0.0], [2888, 3047, 0.0], [3047, 3565, 1.0], [3565, 3736, 0.0], [3736, 4037, 0.0], [4037, 4064, 0.0], [4064, 4258, 0.0], [4258, 4951, 0.0], [4951, 5546, 0.0], [5546, 5837, 0.0], [5837, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6561, 0.0], [6561, 6730, 0.0], [6730, 7002, 0.0], [7002, 7229, 0.0], [7229, 7460, 0.0], [7460, 7834, 0.0], [7834, 8062, 0.0], [8062, 8371, 0.0], [8371, 8627, 0.0], [8627, 9036, 0.0], [9036, 9262, 0.0], [9262, 9437, 0.0], [9437, 9706, 0.0], [9706, 10119, 0.0], [10119, 10184, 0.0], [10184, 10223, 0.0], [10223, 10259, 0.0], [10259, 10287, 0.0], [10287, 10559, 0.0], [10559, 10735, 0.0], [10735, 10992, 0.0], [10992, 11227, 0.0], [11227, 11423, 0.0], [11423, 11615, 0.0], [11615, 11945, 0.0], [11945, 12289, 0.0], [12289, 12536, 0.0], [12536, 12760, 0.0], [12760, 12803, 0.0], [12803, 12972, 0.0], [12972, 13454, 0.0], [13454, 13672, 0.0], [13672, 13949, 0.0], [13949, 14376, 0.0], [14376, 14414, 0.0], [14414, 14669, 0.0], [14669, 14843, 0.0], [14843, 15475, 0.0], [15475, 16004, 0.0], [16004, 16041, 0.0], [16041, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16093, 0.0], [16093, 16159, 0.0], [16159, 16269, 0.0], [16269, 16290, 0.0], [16290, 16304, 0.0], [16304, 16337, 0.0], [16337, 16375, 0.0], [16375, 16605, 0.0], [16605, 16633, 0.0], [16633, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 63, 10.0], [63, 93, 4.0], [93, 144, 7.0], [144, 312, 29.0], [312, 353, 6.0], [353, 393, 5.0], [393, 440, 6.0], [440, 470, 6.0], [470, 516, 9.0], [516, 535, 3.0], [535, 562, 5.0], [562, 590, 5.0], [590, 797, 36.0], [797, 985, 29.0], [985, 1242, 42.0], [1242, 1503, 45.0], [1503, 1737, 40.0], [1737, 1937, 31.0], [1937, 2342, 65.0], [2342, 2713, 67.0], [2713, 2888, 31.0], [2888, 3047, 31.0], [3047, 3565, 84.0], [3565, 3736, 27.0], [3736, 4037, 54.0], [4037, 4064, 4.0], [4064, 4258, 36.0], [4258, 4951, 114.0], [4951, 5546, 107.0], [5546, 5837, 42.0], [5837, 6275, 74.0], [6275, 6561, 47.0], [6561, 6730, 31.0], [6730, 7002, 49.0], [7002, 7229, 36.0], [7229, 7460, 40.0], [7460, 7834, 60.0], [7834, 8062, 39.0], [8062, 8371, 57.0], [8371, 8627, 43.0], [8627, 9036, 71.0], [9036, 9262, 38.0], [9262, 9437, 26.0], [9437, 9706, 46.0], [9706, 10119, 69.0], [10119, 10184, 10.0], [10184, 10223, 6.0], [10223, 10259, 6.0], [10259, 10287, 4.0], [10287, 10559, 45.0], [10559, 10735, 33.0], [10735, 10992, 45.0], [10992, 11227, 43.0], [11227, 11423, 36.0], [11423, 11615, 34.0], [11615, 11945, 58.0], [11945, 12289, 58.0], [12289, 12536, 46.0], [12536, 12760, 34.0], [12760, 12803, 6.0], [12803, 12972, 31.0], [12972, 13454, 81.0], [13454, 13672, 36.0], [13672, 13949, 53.0], [13949, 14376, 76.0], [14376, 14414, 4.0], [14414, 14669, 44.0], [14669, 14843, 27.0], [14843, 15475, 105.0], [15475, 16004, 92.0], [16004, 16041, 6.0], [16041, 16075, 6.0], [16075, 16093, 4.0], [16093, 16159, 5.0], [16159, 16269, 9.0], [16269, 16290, 3.0], [16290, 16304, 3.0], [16304, 16337, 7.0], [16337, 16375, 6.0], [16375, 16605, 45.0], [16605, 16633, 4.0], [16633, 16676, 5.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 63, 0.0], [63, 93, 0.0], [93, 144, 0.0], [144, 312, 0.01840491], [312, 353, 0.0], [353, 393, 0.0], [393, 440, 0.0], [440, 470, 0.0], [470, 516, 0.0], [516, 535, 0.0], [535, 562, 0.0], [562, 590, 0.0], [590, 797, 0.0], [797, 985, 0.0], [985, 1242, 0.0], [1242, 1503, 0.0], [1503, 1737, 0.0], [1737, 1937, 0.0], [1937, 2342, 0.0], [2342, 2713, 0.0], [2713, 2888, 0.0], [2888, 3047, 0.0], [3047, 3565, 0.0], [3565, 3736, 0.0], [3736, 4037, 0.0], [4037, 4064, 0.0], [4064, 4258, 0.0], [4258, 4951, 0.00296736], [4951, 5546, 0.0], [5546, 5837, 0.0], [5837, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6561, 0.0], [6561, 6730, 0.0], [6730, 7002, 0.0], [7002, 7229, 0.0], [7229, 7460, 0.0], [7460, 7834, 0.0], [7834, 8062, 0.0], [8062, 8371, 0.0], [8371, 8627, 0.0], [8627, 9036, 0.0], [9036, 9262, 0.0], [9262, 9437, 0.0], [9437, 9706, 0.0], [9706, 10119, 0.0], [10119, 10184, 0.0], [10184, 10223, 0.22857143], [10223, 10259, 0.21875], [10259, 10287, 0.0], [10287, 10559, 0.0], [10559, 10735, 0.0], [10735, 10992, 0.0], [10992, 11227, 0.0], [11227, 11423, 0.0], [11423, 11615, 0.0], [11615, 11945, 0.0], [11945, 12289, 0.0], [12289, 12536, 0.0], [12536, 12760, 0.0], [12760, 12803, 0.0], [12803, 12972, 0.0], [12972, 13454, 0.01276596], [13454, 13672, 0.0], [13672, 13949, 0.0], [13949, 14376, 0.0], [14376, 14414, 0.0], [14414, 14669, 0.01209677], [14669, 14843, 0.0], [14843, 15475, 0.00807754], [15475, 16004, 0.00383142], [16004, 16041, 0.0], [16041, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16093, 0.0], [16093, 16159, 0.0], [16159, 16269, 0.0], [16269, 16290, 0.0], [16290, 16304, 0.0], [16304, 16337, 0.0], [16337, 16375, 0.0], [16375, 16605, 0.0], [16605, 16633, 0.0], [16633, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 63, 0.0], [63, 93, 0.0], [93, 144, 0.0], [144, 312, 0.0], [312, 353, 0.0], [353, 393, 0.0], [393, 440, 0.0], [440, 470, 0.0], [470, 516, 0.0], [516, 535, 0.0], [535, 562, 0.0], [562, 590, 0.0], [590, 797, 0.0], [797, 985, 0.0], [985, 1242, 0.0], [1242, 1503, 0.0], [1503, 1737, 0.0], [1737, 1937, 0.0], [1937, 2342, 0.0], [2342, 2713, 0.0], [2713, 2888, 0.0], [2888, 3047, 0.0], [3047, 3565, 0.0], [3565, 3736, 0.0], [3736, 4037, 0.0], [4037, 4064, 0.0], [4064, 4258, 0.0], [4258, 4951, 0.0], [4951, 5546, 0.0], [5546, 5837, 0.0], [5837, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6561, 0.0], [6561, 6730, 0.0], [6730, 7002, 0.0], [7002, 7229, 0.0], [7229, 7460, 0.0], [7460, 7834, 0.0], [7834, 8062, 0.0], [8062, 8371, 0.0], [8371, 8627, 0.0], [8627, 9036, 0.0], [9036, 9262, 0.0], [9262, 9437, 0.0], [9437, 9706, 0.0], [9706, 10119, 0.0], [10119, 10184, 0.0], [10184, 10223, 0.0], [10223, 10259, 0.0], [10259, 10287, 0.0], [10287, 10559, 0.0], [10559, 10735, 0.0], [10735, 10992, 0.0], [10992, 11227, 0.0], [11227, 11423, 0.0], [11423, 11615, 0.0], [11615, 11945, 0.0], [11945, 12289, 0.0], [12289, 12536, 0.0], [12536, 12760, 0.0], [12760, 12803, 0.0], [12803, 12972, 0.0], [12972, 13454, 0.0], [13454, 13672, 0.0], [13672, 13949, 0.0], [13949, 14376, 0.0], [14376, 14414, 0.0], [14414, 14669, 0.0], [14669, 14843, 0.0], [14843, 15475, 0.0], [15475, 16004, 0.0], [16004, 16041, 0.0], [16041, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16093, 0.0], [16093, 16159, 0.0], [16159, 16269, 0.0], [16269, 16290, 0.0], [16290, 16304, 0.0], [16304, 16337, 0.0], [16337, 16375, 0.0], [16375, 16605, 0.0], [16605, 16633, 0.0], [16633, 16676, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 63, 0.15873016], [63, 93, 0.2], [93, 144, 0.07843137], [144, 312, 0.05357143], [312, 353, 0.09756098], [353, 393, 0.1], [393, 440, 0.17021277], [440, 470, 0.06666667], [470, 516, 0.15217391], [516, 535, 0.10526316], [535, 562, 0.07407407], [562, 590, 0.14285714], [590, 797, 0.0531401], [797, 985, 0.07446809], [985, 1242, 0.01945525], [1242, 1503, 0.06896552], [1503, 1737, 0.02564103], [1737, 1937, 0.045], [1937, 2342, 0.0345679], [2342, 2713, 0.01886792], [2713, 2888, 0.02285714], [2888, 3047, 0.01886792], [3047, 3565, 0.01737452], [3565, 3736, 0.02339181], [3736, 4037, 0.00996678], [4037, 4064, 0.07407407], [4064, 4258, 0.02061856], [4258, 4951, 0.03174603], [4951, 5546, 0.02689076], [5546, 5837, 0.02749141], [5837, 6275, 0.02283105], [6275, 6561, 0.06993007], [6561, 6730, 0.0295858], [6730, 7002, 0.01838235], [7002, 7229, 0.00881057], [7229, 7460, 0.02597403], [7460, 7834, 0.04278075], [7834, 8062, 0.02192982], [8062, 8371, 0.03559871], [8371, 8627, 0.015625], [8627, 9036, 0.00977995], [9036, 9262, 0.01327434], [9262, 9437, 0.01714286], [9437, 9706, 0.0260223], [9706, 10119, 0.01452785], [10119, 10184, 0.10769231], [10184, 10223, 0.05128205], [10223, 10259, 0.05555556], [10259, 10287, 0.03571429], [10287, 10559, 0.01838235], [10559, 10735, 0.05681818], [10735, 10992, 0.0233463], [10992, 11227, 0.01702128], [11227, 11423, 0.05612245], [11423, 11615, 0.08333333], [11615, 11945, 0.06363636], [11945, 12289, 0.0377907], [12289, 12536, 0.04048583], [12536, 12760, 0.02232143], [12760, 12803, 0.13953488], [12803, 12972, 0.04142012], [12972, 13454, 0.05394191], [13454, 13672, 0.02752294], [13672, 13949, 0.03610108], [13949, 14376, 0.04683841], [14376, 14414, 0.10526316], [14414, 14669, 0.03921569], [14669, 14843, 0.04597701], [14843, 15475, 0.04272152], [15475, 16004, 0.02079395], [16004, 16041, 0.16216216], [16041, 16075, 0.05882353], [16075, 16093, 0.05555556], [16093, 16159, 0.01515152], [16159, 16269, 0.05454545], [16269, 16290, 0.0952381], [16290, 16304, 0.07142857], [16304, 16337, 0.09090909], [16337, 16375, 0.07894737], [16375, 16605, 0.03043478], [16605, 16633, 0.07142857], [16633, 16676, 0.18604651]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 16676, 0.90490246]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 16676, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 16676, 0.25965881]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 16676, -1125.93002473]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 16676, 3.34163638]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 16676, -1253.17688604]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 16676, 173.0]]} |
Highlighted Items
Burning Question
How can artists participate in rebuilding a community that has suffered tremendous loss?
Traveled To
Port au Prince and Bigones, Haiti
Born 1977, New London, Connecticut. Lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
Konbit shelter is a group of artists and architects who are working with the community of Bigones, Haiti to rebuild after last January’s earthquake. As soon as we received news of the quake, we began asking ourselves how we might participate in the rebuilding of one community in Haiti, and how our particular skills and passions as artists might serve in this effort.
Our immediate goal is to assist a community by working with members of that community to build three to five structures using the super-adobe style of dome architecture as a starting point. This building technique was designed by Iranian born architect Nader Khalili as a humanitarian effort to come up with building solutions that would address the world’s housing needs by creating structures that could be affordably built out of local materials, and whose structural properties could withstand earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods.
As a small group working on an independent idea, we were able to connect quickly and directly with a community, and begin the process last July. The construction phase was set up to serve as a teaching tool for everyone involved as well as to provide jobs in a devastated economy. Bigones is a village with a large population of sculptors and stone carvers, and we are just beginning to see what kinds of collaborations might arise between ourselves and the local artists and craftspeople as we build. Returning in December, we hope to put the finishing touches on the first building, a community center that was built on the land of the Mango Grower’s Association, and to begin the construction of a house for a single mother of two, who participated in the first construction.
It is our belief that even in the midst of this tremendous crisis, there is a place for the consideration of beauty, soulfulness, and innovation. We have discovered the impact of one small community reaching out to another, and forming a lasting relationship. We are excited to see if, through this effort, we can create further opportunities for artists to bring their skills and resources into the effort to create a safer and stronger built environment for people living in Haiti—and to do so out of the bottoms of our hearts and imaginations.
For more information, visit the Konbit Shelter website here.
Swoon is a Brooklyn-based artist whose life-sized woodblock and cut-paper portraits hang on walls in various states of decay in cities around the world. She has designed and built several large-scale installations, most notably the Swimming Cities of Switchback Sea at Deitch Projects in 2008. Her pieces have been collected by of the Museum of Modern Art, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, and Tate Modern. Major pieces have appeared at MoMA P.S.1, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, and Black Rat Press. Swoon has been traveling for the past several years creating exhibitions and workshops in the United States and abroad.
Swoon is also an instigator and a collaborator. She founded the Toyshop collective and the Miss Rockaway Armada, and is a member of Just Seeds and the Transformazium. Since 2006, she has organized four large-scale raft projects and floated down the Mississippi and Hudson rivers with them. Most recently, she and her collaborators designed a flotilla of sea-going rafts that invaded the 2009 Venice Biennale.
Sanford Biggers
K8 Hardy
Subscribe to our newsletter. Be among the first the know about new projects & more! | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1976 | {"url": "https://creativetime.org/projects/global-residency-2011/swoon/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "creativetime.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:34:41Z", "digest": "sha1:IPZK3S5ZUJPSKZOGKUVCMMC5UV2KO46V"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3671, 3671.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3671, 4430.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3671, 16.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3671, 61.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3671, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3671, 199.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3671, 0.4383164]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3671, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3671, 0.00500167]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3671, 0.00435414]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3671, 0.11175617]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3671, 0.51821192]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3671, 4.96523179]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3671, 5.16588138]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3671, 604.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 18, 0.0], [18, 35, 0.0], [35, 124, 1.0], [124, 136, 0.0], [136, 170, 0.0], [170, 245, 1.0], [245, 614, 1.0], [614, 1149, 1.0], [1149, 1928, 1.0], [1928, 2475, 1.0], [2475, 2536, 1.0], [2536, 3154, 1.0], [3154, 3563, 1.0], [3563, 3579, 0.0], [3579, 3588, 0.0], [3588, 3671, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 18, 0.0], [18, 35, 0.0], [35, 124, 0.0], [124, 136, 0.0], [136, 170, 0.0], [170, 245, 0.0], [245, 614, 0.0], [614, 1149, 0.0], [1149, 1928, 0.0], [1928, 2475, 0.0], [2475, 2536, 0.0], [2536, 3154, 0.0], [3154, 3563, 0.0], [3563, 3579, 0.0], [3579, 3588, 0.0], [3588, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 18, 2.0], [18, 35, 2.0], [35, 124, 13.0], [124, 136, 2.0], [136, 170, 6.0], [170, 245, 12.0], [245, 614, 63.0], [614, 1149, 82.0], [1149, 1928, 136.0], [1928, 2475, 93.0], [2475, 2536, 9.0], [2536, 3154, 101.0], [3154, 3563, 65.0], [3563, 3579, 2.0], [3579, 3588, 2.0], [3588, 3671, 14.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 18, 0.0], [18, 35, 0.0], [35, 124, 0.0], [124, 136, 0.0], [136, 170, 0.0], [170, 245, 0.05797101], [245, 614, 0.0], [614, 1149, 0.0], [1149, 1928, 0.0], [1928, 2475, 0.0], [2475, 2536, 0.0], [2536, 3154, 0.00831947], [3154, 3563, 0.02005013], [3563, 3579, 0.0], [3579, 3588, 0.125], [3588, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 18, 0.0], [18, 35, 0.0], [35, 124, 0.0], [124, 136, 0.0], [136, 170, 0.0], [170, 245, 0.0], [245, 614, 0.0], [614, 1149, 0.0], [1149, 1928, 0.0], [1928, 2475, 0.0], [2475, 2536, 0.0], [2536, 3154, 0.0], [3154, 3563, 0.0], [3563, 3579, 0.0], [3579, 3588, 0.0], [3588, 3671, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 18, 0.11111111], [18, 35, 0.11764706], [35, 124, 0.01123596], [124, 136, 0.16666667], [136, 170, 0.11764706], [170, 245, 0.10666667], [245, 614, 0.01626016], [614, 1149, 0.00934579], [1149, 1928, 0.01155327], [1928, 2475, 0.00731261], [2475, 2536, 0.04918033], [2536, 3154, 0.05501618], [3154, 3563, 0.03667482], [3563, 3579, 0.125], [3579, 3588, 0.22222222], [3588, 3671, 0.02409639]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3671, 0.79296714]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3671, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3671, 0.53875691]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3671, -78.79377187]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3671, 55.70601703]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3671, 2.36619492]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3671, 28.0]]} |
Welcome to our website (hereinafter the owner of the website is referred to as "we," "us," or "our"). Before you begin to use our Website, please take a moment to review these Terms of Use ("Agreement") which is a legal agreement. The Agreement describes the Terms and Conditions you must agree to before you use of our website and the services provided through or in connection with our website (collectively, "Service"). These terms may be updated and changed by us from time to time by posting the same on our website without further notice to you. Continued use of our Services after posting the changes or modifications constitutes an acceptance by you of the changes or modification. You must agree with all of the terms and conditions in this Agreement and the posted Privacy Policy ("Privacy Policy"), which is incorporated by reference, before you use the Service. If you do not agree to be bound by the terms and conditions set forth below, you may not use or access our website or the Service. In addition you must be 18 years of age, a United States Citizen and possess the legal authority to enter into an agreement to use our website.
1. MARKETING DISCLOSURE.
This website is a market place. The owner has a material financial connection to the provider of the goods and services referred to on the site. The owner receives payment for each qualified potential customer referral. The owner is advertising on behalf of a third party advertiser with whom the provider of the products or services also has a material financial connection in that both advertisers receive payment for each qualified sale or payment for each potential customer referral. All information regarding the products and services on this website is provided by the third party advertiser. Upon clicking on any of the links on our Website, you will be redirected to the third party advertiser’s site and you should review their terms and conditions and privacy policy as they may differ significantly from our own. The owner is not affiliate with the third party advertiser other than stated above. The owner does not recommend or endorse any product or service advertised on this website.
2. USER AGREEMENT.
By using this Website, you agree to be bound by and to comply with these Terms of Use and the posted Privacy Policy which is incorporated herein as though fully set forth herein. Upon clicking on any link on our website, our technology will forward you directly to the participating advertiser and a new window will appear. You understand and agree that we control only the home page, informational pages on our Website. We shall not be responsible for any service, product or any subsequent agreement you may enter into with the advertiser who has a link on our Website. Your use of the services on our Website is subject to all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. Our Services are void where prohibited. You understand and agree that we may share information about you collected on our Website, and other users with our vendors, sponsors, advertisers, service providers and marketers, lookup and reference services, other unaffiliated third parties, and other entities that we believe are able to provide you with their offers and opportunities, as more fully described in our posted Privacy Policy;
WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ACTIONS AFTER YOU HAVE LEFT THIS WEBSITE. UPON ENTRY INTO AN ADVERTISER’S WEBSITE LINKED TO THIS WEBSITE, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE PRIVACY POLICY AND TERMS OF USE OF THAT WEBSITE BEFORE ENTERING ANY PERSONAL INFORMATION AS THOSE POLICIES AND TERMS WILL DIFFER FROM THESE.
You represent and warrant that: (i) You are at least 18 years of age, are a U.S. citizen and possess the legal authority to enter into an agreement and to use the Website in accordance with this Agreement; (ii) All information supplied by you is true and accurate (without limitation of the foregoing, the provision of any speculative, incorrect, misleading, false or fraudulent information is prohibited); (iii) You represent and warrant that you will not abuse our Website and if we believe such conduct has occurred we may deny you access to our Website, as determined by us in our sole discretion.
4. CHANGES TO TERMS OF USE AND POLICIES.
We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to change, modify or otherwise alter this Agreement and the posted Privacy Policy, which appear on this Website at any time for any reason which change, modification or alteration is effective upon posting without further notice to you. It is your responsibility to review this Agreement and the posted Privacy Policy, for changes each time before you use our Service. Your continued use of our Service following the posting of changes and/or modifications will constitute your acceptance of the revisions and the reasonableness of the notice of changes.
5. PROHIBITED USER CONDUCT.
You are prohibited from any conduct that, in our sole discretion, restricts or inhibits any other user from using or enjoying our website or any linked website. You are prohibited from accessing or attempting to access private areas of the Website or any other user's information. You are prohibited from impersonating any person or entity or otherwise falsely stating or misrepresenting your affiliation with a person or entity while using our website or requesting services from our website.
You are prohibited from infringing or facilitate infringement on any copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret, or other proprietary, publicity, or privacy rights of any person or entity, including third-parties. You are prohibited from using any data, content or information which contains or promotes any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time bombs or other computer programming or code that is designed or intended to damage, destroy, intercept, download, interfere, manipulate, or otherwise interrupt or expropriate the Website, data, personal information, software, equipment, servers or content or facilitate or promote hacking or similar conduct. You are prohibited from harvesting, sweeping, or use any other means, to collect information about users of the Website; Use automated means, including spiders, robots, bots, scripts, crawlers, or the like, in connection with any activity on the Website; Resell, assign, sublicense, otherwise transfer, or delegate your rights or obligations under these Terms of Use without our prior express written authorization; Modify, publish, transmit, transfer or sell, reproduce, create derivative works from, distribute, perform, link, display or in any way exploit any content on our website content; or except as otherwise expressly permitted on our website, use any information you may obtain from the Website (including without limitation, user information) to send any other person unsolicited messages, commercial or otherwise, by electronic, telephonic, postal or other means.
6. THIRD PARTY CONTENT/PROMOTIONS, THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS, AND THIRD PARTY WEBSITE ACTIVITIES.
Our Website displays and makes available content, promotions, advertisements, and offers provided by third parties, as well as goods and services offered by third parties. You understand and agree that we shall not be responsible and shall have no liability for any third party promotion or product or for your activities on any third party websites linked to our Website. If you participate with any third party linked to or through our Website, you do so solely at your own risk. You agree that your sole remedy in connection with any third party will against or with that third party and you shall have no remedy against us arising from your use of or participation in, or inability to use or participate in, any third party promotions or their website.
7. RELATIONSHIP WITH ADVERTISERS.
This is an independent Website and is not affiliated with any of the listed products or services. Trademarks, service marks, logos, and/or domain names are the property of their respective owners, who have no association with or make any endorsement of the products or services provided by our Website. Furthermore, participating advertisers are independent third parties to us and we are not acting as a principal, agent or broker with respect to any participating advertiser. We have a financial relationship with the advertisers, vendors and third parties with whom we share your information.
8. LINKED WEBSITES DISCLAIMER.
You are able to link to third parties’ Websites (“Linked Websites”) from our Website. Linked Websites are not, however, reviewed, controlled or examined by us and we are not responsible for the content, availability, advertising, products or other materials on any Linked Websites, or any additional links contained therein. These links do not imply our endorsement of or association with the Linked Websites. In no event shall we be liable, directly or indirectly, to anyone for any loss or damage arising from or occasioned by the creation or use of or your participation in activities on such Linked Websites, or the information, material, products or services accessed through these Linked Websites. You should direct any questions or concerns to the Linked Website’s owner. We reserves the exclusive right, at its sole discretion, to add, change, decline or remove, without notice, any feature or link to any of these websites.
9. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
The content of this Website is owned by us and other parties. As between us, we are the sole owner of our Website and all materials on or available through our Website, including without limitation, all applicable U.S. and non-U.S. copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights thereto (collectively, the “Website Content”). Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Agreement, you may not download or save a copy of the Website Content or any portion thereof, for any purpose; however, you may print a copy of individual screens appearing as part of our Website Content solely for your personal, non-commercial use or records, provided that our trade marks, logos or other legends which appear on the copied screens remain on the printed material and are not removed from the printed or stored images of such screens.
Except as otherwise expressly permitted herein, you may not modify, copy, publish, display, transmit, adapt or in any way exploit any portion of the Website content unless you first obtain prior written consent from us and all other entities with an interest in the relevant intellectual property. Any unauthorized attempt to modify any Website content, to defeat or circumvent our security features, or to utilize our website for other than its intended purposes is strictly prohibited.
Except as expressly set forth herein, we are not responsible for any incorrect or inaccurate information or entry of information, whether caused by users of our Website or by any of the equipment or programming associated with or utilized in connection with our Website or the products or services provided on or through our Website, or by any technical or human error which may occur in the processing of information received by us. We assume no responsibility for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, communications line failure, theft or destruction or authorized access to, or alteration of, information received or submitted in connection with the Website. Company is not responsible for any problems, errors or technical malfunction of any telephone network or lines, computer on-line systems, servers or providers, computer equipment, or software, or any failure of email on account of technical problems or traffic congestion on the Internet or at our website or combination thereof, including injury or damage to you or your computer.
OUR WEBSITE, INCLUDING THE WEBSITE CONTENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE,” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. WITHOUT LIMITATION OF THE FOREGOING, WE, AND OUR PARENT, SUBSIDIARIES, PARTNERS, AGENTS, AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, PARTICIPATING ADVERTISERS, SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: (i) ANY WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE AVAILABILITY, ACCURACY, APPROPRIATENESS, RELIABILITY, TIMELINESS, USEFULNESS, OR OTHERWISE OF OUR WEBSITE, AND OUR WEBSITE CONTENT; AND (ii) ANY WARRANTIES OF TITLE, WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. WE DO NOT WARRANT OR GUARANTEE THAT ANY PORTION OF OUR WEBSITE INCLUDING THE CONTENT WILL BE FREE OF INFECTION BY VIRUSES, WORMS, TROJAN HORSES OR ANYTHING ELSE MANIFESTING CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES; OR THAT ACCESS TO OUR WEBSITE OR ITS CONTENT WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE.
IN NO EVENT WILL WE, OUR PARENT COMPANY, SUBSIDIARIES, PARTNERS, AGENTS, AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, ADVERTISERS, SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES AND SHAREHOLDERS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY (i) FOR ANY INDIRECT, DIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF PROGRAMS OR INFORMATION, AND THE LIKE), OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE AVAILABILITY, USE, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE OUR WEBSITE OR ITS CONTENT, OR ANY SERVICES OF THIRD PARTY ADVERTISERS EVEN IF ALL SUCH PARTIES SHALL HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE; OR (ii) FOR ANY CLAIM ATTRIBUTABLE TO ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR OTHER INACCURACIES IN, OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF OUR WEBSITE OR ITS CONTENT.
SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN WARRANTIES OR THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. ACCORDINGLY, OUR LIABILITY IN SUCH JURISDICTION SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.
12. MONITORING WEBSITE USAGE.
You agree that we may electronically monitor our Website and disclose any content, records, or electronic communication of any kind (i) to satisfy any legal process or request; (ii) to operate our website; or (iii) to protect our rights or the rights of our users, vendors, sponsors, providers, and licensors.
13. DEALINGS WITH THIRD PARTIES.
Your correspondence or business dealings with any third parties as a result of your use of our Website or Service, including, but not limited to, business dealings with participating Advertisers any other terms, conditions, warranties, representations associated with such dealings, are solely between you and such third party Advertiser. You agree that we shall not be responsible or liable for any loss or damage of any sort incurred as the result of any such dealings or as the result of the presence of such third party on or through our Website.
14. WAIVER AND SEVERABILITY OF TERMS.
Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any part of this Agreement is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the Agreement remain in full force and effect.
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between you and us and governs your use of our Website and Service, superseding any prior agreements.
16. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
YOU AGREE THAT REGARDLESS OF ANY STATUTE OR LAW TO THE CONTRARY, ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF RELATED TO USE OF OUR SERVICE OR THIS AGREEMENT MUST BE FILED WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER SUCH CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION AROSE OR BE FOREVER BARRED. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1977 | {"url": "https://creditcards-search.com/tos.php", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "creditcards-search.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:58:45Z", "digest": "sha1:2PTYSZGUVB4DCGUARMQKFGKNCSN7A3RU"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 15847, 15847.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 15847, 16006.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 15847, 34.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 15847, 38.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 15847, 0.9]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 15847, 311.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 15847, 0.37351443]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 15847, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 15847, 0.00867343]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 15847, 0.12344149]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 15847, 0.03755905]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 15847, 0.02245799]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 15847, 0.00867343]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 15847, 0.00867343]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 15847, 0.0348486]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 15847, 0.01115155]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 15847, 0.00929296]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 15847, 0.16061121]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 15847, 0.14363328]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 15847, 0.26219754]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 15847, 5.12217374]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 15847, 5.38114951]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 15847, 2521.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 1149, 1.0], [1149, 1174, 1.0], [1174, 2174, 1.0], [2174, 2193, 1.0], [2193, 3317, 0.0], [3317, 3627, 1.0], [3627, 4229, 1.0], [4229, 4270, 1.0], [4270, 4871, 1.0], [4871, 4899, 1.0], [4899, 5393, 1.0], [5393, 6923, 1.0], [6923, 7016, 1.0], [7016, 7773, 1.0], [7773, 7807, 1.0], [7807, 8403, 1.0], [8403, 8434, 1.0], [8434, 9367, 1.0], [9367, 9400, 1.0], [9400, 10272, 1.0], [10272, 10760, 1.0], [10760, 11856, 1.0], [11856, 12828, 1.0], [12828, 13760, 1.0], [13760, 14018, 1.0], [14018, 14048, 1.0], [14048, 14358, 1.0], [14358, 14391, 1.0], [14391, 14942, 1.0], [14942, 14980, 1.0], [14980, 15415, 1.0], [15415, 15565, 1.0], [15565, 15593, 1.0], [15593, 15847, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 1149, 0.0], [1149, 1174, 0.0], [1174, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2193, 0.0], [2193, 3317, 0.0], [3317, 3627, 0.0], [3627, 4229, 0.0], [4229, 4270, 0.0], [4270, 4871, 0.0], [4871, 4899, 0.0], [4899, 5393, 0.0], [5393, 6923, 0.0], [6923, 7016, 0.0], [7016, 7773, 0.0], [7773, 7807, 0.0], [7807, 8403, 0.0], [8403, 8434, 0.0], [8434, 9367, 0.0], [9367, 9400, 0.0], [9400, 10272, 0.0], [10272, 10760, 0.0], [10760, 11856, 0.0], [11856, 12828, 0.0], [12828, 13760, 0.0], [13760, 14018, 0.0], [14018, 14048, 0.0], [14048, 14358, 0.0], [14358, 14391, 0.0], [14391, 14942, 0.0], [14942, 14980, 0.0], [14980, 15415, 0.0], [15415, 15565, 0.0], [15565, 15593, 0.0], [15593, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 1149, 201.0], [1149, 1174, 3.0], [1174, 2174, 164.0], [2174, 2193, 3.0], [2193, 3317, 186.0], [3317, 3627, 51.0], [3627, 4229, 102.0], [4229, 4270, 8.0], [4270, 4871, 96.0], [4871, 4899, 4.0], [4899, 5393, 78.0], [5393, 6923, 218.0], [6923, 7016, 12.0], [7016, 7773, 130.0], [7773, 7807, 4.0], [7807, 8403, 93.0], [8403, 8434, 4.0], [8434, 9367, 149.0], [9367, 9400, 4.0], [9400, 10272, 140.0], [10272, 10760, 76.0], [10760, 11856, 170.0], [11856, 12828, 137.0], [12828, 13760, 144.0], [13760, 14018, 38.0], [14018, 14048, 4.0], [14048, 14358, 50.0], [14358, 14391, 5.0], [14391, 14942, 91.0], [14942, 14980, 6.0], [14980, 15415, 74.0], [15415, 15565, 23.0], [15565, 15593, 4.0], [15593, 15847, 49.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 1149, 0.00179856], [1149, 1174, 0.04545455], [1174, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2193, 0.0625], [2193, 3317, 0.0], [3317, 3627, 0.0], [3627, 4229, 0.00344234], [4229, 4270, 0.02631579], [4270, 4871, 0.0], [4871, 4899, 0.04], [4899, 5393, 0.0], [5393, 6923, 0.0], [6923, 7016, 0.01149425], [7016, 7773, 0.0], [7773, 7807, 0.03225806], [7807, 8403, 0.0], [8403, 8434, 0.03571429], [8434, 9367, 0.0], [9367, 9400, 0.03333333], [9400, 10272, 0.0], [10272, 10760, 0.0], [10760, 11856, 0.0], [11856, 12828, 0.0], [12828, 13760, 0.0], [13760, 14018, 0.0], [14018, 14048, 0.07407407], [14048, 14358, 0.0], [14358, 14391, 0.06666667], [14391, 14942, 0.0], [14942, 14980, 0.05714286], [14980, 15415, 0.0], [15415, 15565, 0.0], [15565, 15593, 0.08], [15593, 15847, 0.004]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 1149, 0.0], [1149, 1174, 0.0], [1174, 2174, 0.0], [2174, 2193, 0.0], [2193, 3317, 0.0], [3317, 3627, 0.0], [3627, 4229, 0.0], [4229, 4270, 0.0], [4270, 4871, 0.0], [4871, 4899, 0.0], [4899, 5393, 0.0], [5393, 6923, 0.0], [6923, 7016, 0.0], [7016, 7773, 0.0], [7773, 7807, 0.0], [7807, 8403, 0.0], [8403, 8434, 0.0], [8434, 9367, 0.0], [9367, 9400, 0.0], [9400, 10272, 0.0], [10272, 10760, 0.0], [10760, 11856, 0.0], [11856, 12828, 0.0], [12828, 13760, 0.0], [13760, 14018, 0.0], [14018, 14048, 0.0], [14048, 14358, 0.0], [14358, 14391, 0.0], [14391, 14942, 0.0], [14942, 14980, 0.0], [14980, 15415, 0.0], [15415, 15565, 0.0], [15565, 15593, 0.0], [15593, 15847, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 1149, 0.02349869], [1149, 1174, 0.76], [1174, 2174, 0.009], [2174, 2193, 0.68421053], [2193, 3317, 0.01690391], [3317, 3627, 0.82258065], [3627, 4229, 0.0166113], [4229, 4270, 0.73170732], [4270, 4871, 0.01996672], [4871, 4899, 0.75], [4899, 5393, 0.00809717], [5393, 6923, 0.00849673], [6923, 7016, 0.80645161], [7016, 7773, 0.00924703], [7773, 7807, 0.79411765], [7807, 8403, 0.01006711], [8403, 8434, 0.77419355], [8434, 9367, 0.02250804], [9367, 9400, 0.78787879], [9400, 10272, 0.01949541], [10272, 10760, 0.00819672], [10760, 11856, 0.00729927], [11856, 12828, 0.81378601], [12828, 13760, 0.80042918], [13760, 14018, 0.84108527], [14018, 14048, 0.73333333], [14048, 14358, 0.00645161], [14358, 14391, 0.72727273], [14391, 14942, 0.01270417], [14942, 14980, 0.73684211], [14980, 15415, 0.01149425], [15415, 15565, 0.02666667], [15565, 15593, 0.71428571], [15593, 15847, 0.79133858]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 15847, 0.06402338]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 15847, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 15847, 0.01825422]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 15847, -653.01560047]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 15847, -231.24134877]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 15847, -582.9435107]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 15847, 99.0]]} |
Welcome to the web site of Educating About Immigration, a project of Constitutional Rights Foundation (“CRF” or “We”). This site is maintained as a service to a general audience. By using this site, you agree to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions of use. Please review these terms carefully. If you do not agree to these terms, you should not use this site.
This Agreement (the “Agreement”) specifies the terms and conditions for access to and use of crf-usa.org (the “Site”) and describes the terms and conditions (“Terms”) applicable to your access of and use of the Site. This Agreement may be modified at any time by CRF. Any such modifications shall be effective immediately. You can view the most recent version of these terms at any time at http://www.crfimmigrationed.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=206:tou&catid=31:faq. Each use by you shall constitute and be deemed your unconditional acceptance of this Agreement.
Your visit is also governed by our Privacy Policy. Please review our Privacy Policy at http://www.crfimmigrationed.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99:crf-usaorg-website-policy&catid=31:faq.
3. Site Conduct and Use
When using the site, you agree to abide by the following rules: (a) you may not post or transmit content (information, data, text, software, graphics, sound, photographs, video, messages, etc.) (“Content”) that is unlawful, harassing, libelous, defamatory, obscene, fraudulent, harmful, threatening, abusive, hateful, that violates the property rights of others (including without limitation infringing use of a copyright or trademark), that violates the privacy or publicity right of others, or are otherwise objectionable; (b) you may not interfere with other users’ use of the Site; (c) you may not use the Site to conduct any activity that is illegal or that violates the rights of others; (d) you may not use the site to advertise or sell products or services to others; (e) you may not impersonate any person or entity, or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent your affiliation with a person or entity; (f) you may not post or transmit Content that you do not have a right to transmit under any law or under contractual or fiduciary relationships (such as inside information, confidential information, etc.); (g) you may not post Content to the Site unless the Content is freely owned by you or used with the permission of all other persons with any rights in the Content; and (h) you may not use the Site to collect or store personal data about other users.
The Constitutional Rights Foundation grants you a limited, revocable, nonexclusive license to use the Site solely for your own personal use and not for republication, distribution, assignment, sublicense, sale, preparation of derivative works, or other use. You agree not to copy materials on the site. However, we hereby grant to all users of this site a license to reproduce all material contained herein for distribution to students, other school site personnel, and district administrators. All use of publications that you purchase through our online catalog at crf-usa.org is hereby governed by the copyright notices in each of those publications.
All content on this site, including, but not limited to, information, graphics, design, audio, video, interactive features, products, and services, is and shall continue to be the property of Constitutional Rights Foundation or its content suppliers and is protected under applicable U.S. copyright, patent, and trademark laws, international conventions, and other relevant intellectual property and proprietary rights. Any copying, redistribution, use, or publication by you of any such content or any part of the Site is prohibited, except as expressly permitted in this Agreement. Under no circumstances will you acquire any ownership rights or other interest in any content by or through your use of this site.
All information on the site, as well as the organization and layout of the Site, other than Content posted by you, is owned and copyrighted by CRF or its suppliers or other Site users. Except as expressly authorized by CRF, you may not copy, distribute, resell, display, sublicense or create derivative works based on any such information from the Site, in whole or in part. The Site contains various proprietary logos, service marks, trademarks, slogans, and product designations (collectively “Marks”). “Constitutional Rights Foundation” and “Educating About Immigration” are trademarks of CRF. All Marks, content, or other materials contained in this Site are protected as copyrights, trade dress, trademarks, and other intellectual properties owned by CRF or by other parties that have licensed their material to CRF. CRF’s trademarks may be used publicly only with written permission from CRF. No CRF trademark or service mark may be included in a hyperlink without CRF’s written permission. Any unauthorized use of the Marks or content of this Site may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws, in addition to being a material breach of the Terms of Use.
6. Removal of Content.
CRF reserves the right in its sole discretion to delete any Content submitted to or appearing on the Site. Immigrant Stories, posted comments, and other information-sharing locations on the Site may contain the opinions and views of other users. CRF is not responsible for the accuracy of any messages or postings on the Site. If you believe that any Content posted on the Site is infringing, defamatory, unlawful, threatening, libelous, obscene, or otherwise violates the letter or spirit of these Terms, please contact CRF immediately at [email protected].
7. Submission of Content
If you submit Content to the Site, you grant CRF, or warrant that the owner of such Content has expressly granted to CRF, a world-wide, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, transferable, non-exclusive, and fully sub-licensable right and license to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from, distribute, perform, and display such Content (in whole or part) and to incorporate such Content in other works in any form, media, or technology now known or later developed.
8. Compliance With Laws
You agree to comply with all applicable laws regarding your use of this web site. You further agree that information provided by you is truthful and accurate to the best of your knowledge.
You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold CRF and our partners, employees, and affiliates, harmless from any liability, loss, claim, and expense, including reasonable attorney’s fees, related to your violation of this Agreement or use of this Site.
10. Translation Disclaimer
This Site offers a Googletm translation application to allow users of the Site to automatically translate content on any page into several different languages other than English. The translated content is provided on an “as is” basis. All the content on the site has been originally drafted in English, and CRF disclaims any and all warranties about the accuracy, quality, or completeness of the translations as provided by the Googletm application.
THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS,” “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT USE OF THIS SITE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY EXPRESS WARRANTIES, STATUTORY WARRANTIES, AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF: MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. TO THE EXTENT YOUR JURISDICTION DOES NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON WARRANTIES, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY RELATING TO YOUR USE OF THE SITE SHALL BE TO DISCONTINUE USING THIS SITE.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION BE LIABLE OR RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING DAMAGES FROM LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOST PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, OR OTHER DAMAGES, UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THE SITE, YOUR USE OF THE SITE, OR THE CONTENT, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. YOUR SOLE REMEDY FOR DISSATISFACTION WITH THE SITE AND/OR CONTENT IS TO CEASE ALL OF YOUR USE OF THE SITE.
You may have additional rights under certain laws (including consumer laws), which do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, or the exclusion or limitation of certain damages. If these laws apply to you, the exclusions or limitations in this Agreement that directly conflict with such laws may not apply to you.
13. Use of Information
CRF reserves the right, and you authorize us, to use and assign all information regarding Site uses by you and all information provided by you in any manner consistent with our Privacy Policy.
14. Copyrights and Copyright Agent
If you believe your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide a notice containing all of the following information to our Copyright Agent:
(a) An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest;
(b) A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;
(c) A description of where the material that you claim is infringing is located on the Site;
(d) Your address, telephone number, and email address;
(e) A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and
(f) A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.
Our Copyright Agent for Notice of claims of copyright infringement on the Site can be reached as follows:
Constitutional Rights Foundation
Attn: Copyright Agent for Notice
601 S. Kingsley Drive
15. Applicable Law
You agree that the laws of the state of California, without regard to conflicts of laws provisions will govern these Terms of Use and any dispute that may arise between you and CRF or its affiliates.
CRF may terminate this Agreement at any time, with or without notice, for any reason.
Attn: Terms of Use | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1978 | {"url": "https://crfimmigrationed.org/immigration-laws/206-tou", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "crfimmigrationed.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:43:06Z", "digest": "sha1:7MGSWX7KLQR7P7FLV5PTTCBRVX5W7IQA"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 10274, 10274.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 10274, 11928.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 10274, 38.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 10274, 77.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 10274, 0.88]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 10274, 273.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 10274, 0.36600985]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 10274, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 10274, 0.03986991]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 10274, 0.01963382]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 10274, 0.01481571]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 10274, 0.02360877]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 10274, 0.00975669]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 10274, 0.00722717]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 10274, 0.10591133]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 10274, 0.17980296]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 10274, 0.30811808]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 10274, 5.10578106]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 10274, 5.24938443]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 10274, 1626.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 386, 1.0], [386, 971, 1.0], [971, 1178, 1.0], [1178, 1202, 0.0], [1202, 2569, 1.0], [2569, 3223, 1.0], [3223, 3938, 1.0], [3938, 5103, 1.0], [5103, 5126, 1.0], [5126, 5683, 1.0], [5683, 5708, 0.0], [5708, 6214, 1.0], [6214, 6238, 0.0], [6238, 6427, 1.0], [6427, 6675, 1.0], [6675, 6702, 0.0], [6702, 7152, 1.0], [7152, 7764, 1.0], [7764, 8308, 1.0], [8308, 8628, 1.0], [8628, 8651, 0.0], [8651, 8844, 1.0], [8844, 8879, 0.0], [8879, 9062, 0.0], [9062, 9184, 0.0], [9184, 9261, 0.0], [9261, 9354, 0.0], [9354, 9409, 0.0], [9409, 9557, 0.0], [9557, 9757, 1.0], [9757, 9863, 0.0], [9863, 9896, 0.0], [9896, 9929, 0.0], [9929, 9951, 0.0], [9951, 9970, 0.0], [9970, 10170, 1.0], [10170, 10256, 1.0], [10256, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 386, 0.0], [386, 971, 0.0], [971, 1178, 0.0], [1178, 1202, 0.0], [1202, 2569, 0.0], [2569, 3223, 0.0], [3223, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 5103, 0.0], [5103, 5126, 0.0], [5126, 5683, 0.0], [5683, 5708, 0.0], [5708, 6214, 0.0], [6214, 6238, 0.0], [6238, 6427, 0.0], [6427, 6675, 0.0], [6675, 6702, 0.0], [6702, 7152, 0.0], [7152, 7764, 0.0], [7764, 8308, 0.0], [8308, 8628, 0.0], [8628, 8651, 0.0], [8651, 8844, 0.0], [8844, 8879, 0.0], [8879, 9062, 0.0], [9062, 9184, 0.0], [9184, 9261, 0.0], [9261, 9354, 0.0], [9354, 9409, 0.0], [9409, 9557, 0.0], [9557, 9757, 0.0], [9757, 9863, 0.0], [9863, 9896, 0.0], [9896, 9929, 0.0], [9929, 9951, 0.0], [9951, 9970, 0.0], [9970, 10170, 0.0], [10170, 10256, 0.0], [10256, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 386, 68.0], [386, 971, 82.0], [971, 1178, 16.0], [1178, 1202, 5.0], [1202, 2569, 226.0], [2569, 3223, 99.0], [3223, 3938, 107.0], [3938, 5103, 184.0], [5103, 5126, 4.0], [5126, 5683, 87.0], [5683, 5708, 4.0], [5708, 6214, 76.0], [6214, 6238, 4.0], [6238, 6427, 33.0], [6427, 6675, 38.0], [6675, 6702, 3.0], [6702, 7152, 71.0], [7152, 7764, 97.0], [7764, 8308, 88.0], [8308, 8628, 52.0], [8628, 8651, 4.0], [8651, 8844, 33.0], [8844, 8879, 5.0], [8879, 9062, 29.0], [9062, 9184, 21.0], [9184, 9261, 13.0], [9261, 9354, 17.0], [9354, 9409, 8.0], [9409, 9557, 29.0], [9557, 9757, 35.0], [9757, 9863, 18.0], [9863, 9896, 3.0], [9896, 9929, 5.0], [9929, 9951, 4.0], [9951, 9970, 3.0], [9970, 10170, 36.0], [10170, 10256, 15.0], [10256, 10274, 4.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 386, 0.0], [386, 971, 0.00904159], [971, 1178, 0.02185792], [1178, 1202, 0.04545455], [1202, 2569, 0.0], [2569, 3223, 0.0], [3223, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 5103, 0.0], [5103, 5126, 0.05], [5126, 5683, 0.0], [5683, 5708, 0.04347826], [5708, 6214, 0.0], [6214, 6238, 0.04545455], [6238, 6427, 0.0], [6427, 6675, 0.0], [6675, 6702, 0.08], [6702, 7152, 0.0], [7152, 7764, 0.0], [7764, 8308, 0.0], [8308, 8628, 0.0], [8628, 8651, 0.0952381], [8651, 8844, 0.0], [8844, 8879, 0.06060606], [8879, 9062, 0.0], [9062, 9184, 0.0], [9184, 9261, 0.0], [9261, 9354, 0.0], [9354, 9409, 0.0], [9409, 9557, 0.0], [9557, 9757, 0.0], [9757, 9863, 0.0], [9863, 9896, 0.0], [9896, 9929, 0.0], [9929, 9951, 0.15], [9951, 9970, 0.11764706], [9970, 10170, 0.0], [10170, 10256, 0.0], [10256, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 386, 0.0], [386, 971, 0.0], [971, 1178, 0.0], [1178, 1202, 0.0], [1202, 2569, 0.0], [2569, 3223, 0.0], [3223, 3938, 0.0], [3938, 5103, 0.0], [5103, 5126, 0.0], [5126, 5683, 0.0], [5683, 5708, 0.0], [5708, 6214, 0.0], [6214, 6238, 0.0], [6238, 6427, 0.0], [6427, 6675, 0.0], [6675, 6702, 0.0], [6702, 7152, 0.0], [7152, 7764, 0.0], [7764, 8308, 0.0], [8308, 8628, 0.0], [8628, 8651, 0.0], [8651, 8844, 0.0], [8844, 8879, 0.0], [8879, 9062, 0.0], [9062, 9184, 0.0], [9184, 9261, 0.0], [9261, 9354, 0.0], [9354, 9409, 0.0], [9409, 9557, 0.0], [9557, 9757, 0.0], [9757, 9863, 0.0], [9863, 9896, 0.0], [9896, 9929, 0.0], [9929, 9951, 0.0], [9951, 9970, 0.0], [9970, 10170, 0.0], [10170, 10256, 0.0], [10256, 10274, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 386, 0.0388601], [386, 971, 0.02564103], [971, 1178, 0.02898551], [1178, 1202, 0.125], [1202, 2569, 0.00731529], [2569, 3223, 0.01223242], [3223, 3938, 0.01398601], [3938, 5103, 0.04377682], [5103, 5126, 0.08695652], [5126, 5683, 0.03411131], [5683, 5708, 0.08], [5708, 6214, 0.02371542], [6214, 6238, 0.125], [6238, 6427, 0.01058201], [6427, 6675, 0.02419355], [6675, 6702, 0.07407407], [6702, 7152, 0.02666667], [7152, 7764, 0.8120915], [7764, 8308, 0.80147059], [8308, 8628, 0.009375], [8628, 8651, 0.08695652], [8651, 8844, 0.03108808], [8844, 8879, 0.08571429], [8879, 9062, 0.01639344], [9062, 9184, 0.00819672], [9184, 9261, 0.01298701], [9261, 9354, 0.02150538], [9354, 9409, 0.01818182], [9409, 9557, 0.00675676], [9557, 9757, 0.005], [9757, 9863, 0.04716981], [9863, 9896, 0.09090909], [9896, 9929, 0.12121212], [9929, 9951, 0.13636364], [9951, 9970, 0.10526316], [9970, 10170, 0.035], [10170, 10256, 0.04651163], [10256, 10274, 0.16666667]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 10274, 0.04626441]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 10274, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 10274, 0.16780484]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 10274, -537.71148835]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 10274, -165.51557133]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 10274, -366.13409807]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 10274, 78.0]]} |
CJMI Home
Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Comamonas Testosteroni
Farfán Cano Galo Guillermo*
University of Guayaquil, Northern Guayaquil General Hospital Los Ceibos, Ecuador
*Corresponding author: Farfán Cano Galo Guillermo, University of Guayaquil, Northern Guayaquil General Hospital Los Ceibos, Ecuador
Submission: September 10, 2022; Published: December 15, 2022
DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2022.06.000636
Volume6 issues3
Along these years are increasing the case reports of appendicitis linked with Comamonas species, a worldwide (environmental) distributed bacteria. Species of the genus Comamonas are opportunistic, and studies have been initiated on them and their potential as pathogens.
Keywords: Intraabdominal infections; Appendicitis; Comamonas
Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of surgical urgency in both children and adults worldwide, being more frequent between the second and third decades of life, with a ratio of 1.4: 1 man to women, and an approximate incidence It is 233 / 100,000 inhabitants, being taller between the ages of 10 and 19, being responsible for approximately 60% of the acute surgical abdomen [1-5]. The genus Comamonas was described for the first time, in 1985, with a single species (Comamonas terrigena), it belongs to the family Comamonadaceae, (beta proteobacteria in pseudomonas rRNA homology group III), they are aerobic, gram-negative, mobile, pink pigmented bacilli, positive oxidase, which grow well in routine bacteriological media [6,7].
Within the etiology of appendicitis, causes like parasites or inflammatory lymphoid hyperplasia are common, but the most predominant is undoubtedly the presence of fecaliths, which obstruct the lumen of the cecal appendix, increasing intraluminal pressure and consequent secondary inflammation. which determines the decrease in venous return locally and the subsequent compromise of arterial flow. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is a challenge where, despite the use of biomarkers and imaging studies, clinical history plays a fundamental role [1-5].
About the Comamonas species recovered from cultures of the patients, it is important to comment that in 1987 when the species of Pseudomonas acidovarans and Pseudomonas testosterone, were reclassified as members of the genus Comamonas by techniques of genetics and molecular biology (later C. acidovarans was reassigned as part of the genus Delftia). The species of Comamonas testosteroni is a common bacterial agent in the environment but is not considered as part of the human microbiome, its name derives from the ability to use testosterone as a source of carbon instead of glucose [6-8]. The most-reported related infection of this pathogen is in immunocompromised patients, e.g., diabetes, advanced age, terminal renal disease necessitating hemodialysis, association with malignancy, liver disease, and intravenous drug use. And accord with literature is mostly identified in perforated appendicitis.
These microorganisms can be detected with classical methods of microbiology, however, methods such as MALDI-TOF, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, allow the correct identification of the different species of these microorganisms, and allow establishing a criterion for the onset of therapeutic scheme [7-14]. Cases of members of the genus Comamonas have been reported as causative agents of appendicitis, especially linked to appendicular perforation, and complication like peritonitis, or septic shock, as well as pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, but despite this, it is still considered a rare pathogen in humans, and remains unrecognized, as part of the human microbiome, and are usually susceptible to “aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cephalosporins [6-14].
Parrilla PP, Luján MJ, Hernández AQ (2011) Acute appendicitis. Manual of the Spanish Association of Surgeons. Pan American Medical, Spain.
Sellars H, Boorman P (2017) Acute appendicitis. Surgery 35(8): 432-438.
Martin RF, Acute appendicitis in adults: Clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis, UpToDate, Massachusetts, USA.
Ávila M, García AM (2015) Acute appendicitis: Review of the histopathological presentation in Boyacá, Colombia. Rev Colomb Cir 30(2): 125-130.
Bhangu A, Søreide K, Saverio S, Assarsson J, Drake F (2015) Acute appendicitis: Modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. The Lancet 386(10000): 1278-1287.
Farooq S, Farooq R, Nahvi N (2017) Comamonas testosteroni: Is it still a rare human pathogen. Case Reports in Gastroenterology 11(1): 42-47.
Almuzara M, Cittadini R, Vera OC, Bakai R, Traglia G (2013) Intra-abdominal infections due to comamonas kerstersii. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51(6): 1998-2000.
Tartar A, Tartar T (2018) A rare pathogen in acute appendicitis: Two cases with Comamonas testosteroni infection and literature review. J Pediatr Infect Dis 15(2): 110-112.
Çetin Ş, Başlarli S, Celik B, Celik I (2018) Pneumonia case by caused Comamonas testosteroni in pediatric intensive care unit. Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology 2(4): 251-253.
Bayhan G, Tanir G, Karaman I, Ozkan S (2013) Comamonas testosteroni: An unusual bacteria associated with acute appendicitis. Balkan Medical Journal 30(4): 447-448.
Khalki H, Deham H, Taghouti A, Yahyaoui G, Mahmoud M (2019) Appendicitis à Comamonas testosteroni Comamonas testosteroni Medicine and Infectious Diseases 46(3): 168-170.
Duran A, Okur F, Sahin V, Uyar I, Abacilar A, et al. (2015) Comamonas testosteroni endocarditis in Turkey: A case report and review of the literature. International Medical Journal of Sifa University 2(2): 44-47.
Kim H, Lee Y, Oh K, Choi S, Sung H, et al. (2019) Septic shock due to unusual pathogens, Comamonas testosteroni and Acinetobacter guillouiae in an immune competent patient. The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine 30(3): 180-183.
Swain B, Rout S (2015) Comamonas testosteroni bacteraemia in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Microbiol 33(4): 602-603.
© 2022, Farfán Cano Galo Guillermo. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1979 | {"url": "https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000636.php", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "crimsonpublishers.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:31:28Z", "digest": "sha1:UMQK2QBDXTJNWCDP6IB4QPF5CZD4QNWF"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 6280, 6280.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 6280, 19683.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 6280, 30.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 6280, 311.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 6280, 0.82]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 6280, 326.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 6280, 0.22277639]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 6280, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 6280, 0.0363921]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 6280, 0.05674036]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 6280, 0.04656623]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 6280, 0.0363921]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 6280, 0.0363921]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 6280, 0.0363921]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 6280, 0.01369595]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 6280, 0.00782626]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 6280, 0.01408726]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 6280, 0.04987531]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 6280, 0.30590191]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 6280, 0.54114994]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 6280, 5.7621195]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 6280, 5.6135925]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 6280, 887.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 115, 0.0], [115, 196, 0.0], [196, 328, 0.0], [328, 389, 0.0], [389, 423, 0.0], [423, 439, 0.0], [439, 710, 1.0], [710, 771, 0.0], [771, 1510, 1.0], [1510, 2066, 1.0], [2066, 2973, 1.0], [2973, 3823, 1.0], [3823, 3962, 1.0], [3962, 4034, 1.0], [4034, 4157, 1.0], [4157, 4300, 1.0], [4300, 4479, 1.0], [4479, 4620, 1.0], [4620, 4787, 1.0], [4787, 4960, 1.0], [4960, 5144, 1.0], [5144, 5308, 1.0], [5308, 5478, 1.0], [5478, 5691, 1.0], [5691, 5925, 1.0], [5925, 6051, 1.0], [6051, 6280, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 115, 0.0], [115, 196, 0.0], [196, 328, 0.0], [328, 389, 0.0], [389, 423, 0.0], [423, 439, 0.0], [439, 710, 0.0], [710, 771, 0.0], [771, 1510, 0.0], [1510, 2066, 0.0], [2066, 2973, 0.0], [2973, 3823, 0.0], [3823, 3962, 0.0], [3962, 4034, 0.0], [4034, 4157, 0.0], [4157, 4300, 0.0], [4300, 4479, 0.0], [4479, 4620, 0.0], [4620, 4787, 0.0], [4787, 4960, 0.0], [4960, 5144, 0.0], [5144, 5308, 0.0], [5308, 5478, 0.0], [5478, 5691, 0.0], [5691, 5925, 0.0], [5925, 6051, 0.0], [6051, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 10, 2.0], [10, 64, 6.0], [64, 87, 2.0], [87, 115, 4.0], [115, 196, 10.0], [196, 328, 16.0], [328, 389, 8.0], [389, 423, 2.0], [423, 439, 2.0], [439, 710, 38.0], [710, 771, 5.0], [771, 1510, 114.0], [1510, 2066, 78.0], [2066, 2973, 133.0], [2973, 3823, 110.0], [3823, 3962, 20.0], [3962, 4034, 10.0], [4034, 4157, 14.0], [4157, 4300, 20.0], [4300, 4479, 24.0], [4479, 4620, 22.0], [4620, 4787, 23.0], [4787, 4960, 26.0], [4960, 5144, 28.0], [5144, 5308, 23.0], [5308, 5478, 23.0], [5478, 5691, 34.0], [5691, 5925, 38.0], [5925, 6051, 19.0], [6051, 6280, 33.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 115, 0.0], [115, 196, 0.0], [196, 328, 0.0], [328, 389, 0.21818182], [389, 423, 0.7037037], [423, 439, 0.13333333], [439, 710, 0.0], [710, 771, 0.0], [771, 1510, 0.03693182], [1510, 2066, 0.00368324], [2066, 2973, 0.00679502], [2973, 3823, 0.00734394], [3823, 3962, 0.03030303], [3962, 4034, 0.20967742], [4034, 4157, 0.0], [4157, 4300, 0.09701493], [4300, 4479, 0.12269939], [4479, 4620, 0.08527132], [4620, 4787, 0.09803922], [4787, 4960, 0.08024691], [4960, 5144, 0.06857143], [5144, 5308, 0.08609272], [5308, 5478, 0.08176101], [5478, 5691, 0.05076142], [5691, 5925, 0.05963303], [5925, 6051, 0.11206897], [6051, 6280, 0.01801802]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 10, 0.0], [10, 64, 0.0], [64, 87, 0.0], [87, 115, 0.0], [115, 196, 0.0], [196, 328, 0.0], [328, 389, 0.0], [389, 423, 0.0], [423, 439, 0.0], [439, 710, 0.0], [710, 771, 0.0], [771, 1510, 0.0], [1510, 2066, 0.0], [2066, 2973, 0.0], [2973, 3823, 0.0], [3823, 3962, 0.0], [3962, 4034, 0.0], [4034, 4157, 0.0], [4157, 4300, 0.0], [4300, 4479, 0.0], [4479, 4620, 0.0], [4620, 4787, 0.0], [4787, 4960, 0.0], [4960, 5144, 0.0], [5144, 5308, 0.0], [5308, 5478, 0.0], [5478, 5691, 0.0], [5691, 5925, 0.0], [5925, 6051, 0.0], [6051, 6280, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 10, 0.5], [10, 64, 0.09259259], [64, 87, 0.08695652], [87, 115, 0.14285714], [115, 196, 0.11111111], [196, 328, 0.10606061], [328, 389, 0.06557377], [389, 423, 0.20588235], [423, 439, 0.0625], [439, 710, 0.01476015], [710, 771, 0.06557377], [771, 1510, 0.01623816], [1510, 2066, 0.00359712], [2066, 2973, 0.01212789], [2973, 3823, 0.01294118], [3823, 3962, 0.1294964], [3962, 4034, 0.08333333], [4034, 4157, 0.09756098], [4157, 4300, 0.08391608], [4300, 4479, 0.07821229], [4479, 4620, 0.07801418], [4620, 4787, 0.08982036], [4787, 4960, 0.06358382], [4960, 5144, 0.07608696], [5144, 5308, 0.07926829], [5308, 5478, 0.09411765], [5478, 5691, 0.08450704], [5691, 5925, 0.08119658], [5925, 6051, 0.07142857], [6051, 6280, 0.03930131]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 6280, 0.0418157]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 6280, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 6280, 0.68963253]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 6280, -406.69475632]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 6280, -135.40058604]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 6280, 54.78604343]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 6280, 52.0]]} |
Christopher Cook (1959 - ) | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1980 | {"url": "https://critiqueslibres.com/i.php/vauteur/3896/biblio", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "critiqueslibres.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:38:24Z", "digest": "sha1:WP3YQFJZPKYT52VSIEGUAUTUMKLSQ35S"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 26, 26.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 26, 1307.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 26, 1.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 26, 68.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 26, 0.5]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 26, 162.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 26, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 26, 0.66666667]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 26, 1.0]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 26, 6.33333333]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 26, 1.09861229]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 26, 3.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 26, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 26, 0.19047619]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 26, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 26, 0.07692308]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 26, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 26, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 26, -1.001e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 26, -7.44716869]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 26, -2.15996043]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 26, 1.90274977]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 26, 1.0]]} |
Tag: Cryptocurrency Offerings
The CFTC And Cryptocurrencies
Posted on February 20, 2018 March 29, 2018 by Laura Anthony, Esq.
The SEC and U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) have been actively policing the crypto or virtual currency space. Both regulators have filed multiple enforcement actions against companies and individuals for improper activities including fraud. On January 25, 2018, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and CFTC Chairman J. Christopher Giancarlo published a joint op-ed piece in the Wall Street Journal on the topic.
Backing up a little, on October 17, 2017, the LabCFTC office of the CFTC published “A CFTC Primer on Virtual Currencies” in which it defines virtual currencies and outlines the uses and risks of virtual currencies and the role of the CFTC. The CFTC first found that Bitcoin and other virtual currencies are properly defined as commodities in 2015. Accordingly, the CFTC has regulatory oversight over futures, options, and derivatives contracts on virtual currencies and has oversight to pursue claims of fraud or manipulation involving a virtual currency traded in interstate commerce. Beyond instances of fraud or manipulation, the CFTC generally does not oversee “spot” or cash market exchanges and transactions involving virtual currencies that do not utilize margin, leverage or financing. Rather, these “exchanges” are regulated as payment processors or money transmitters under state law.
The role of the CFTC is substantially similar to the SEC with a mission to “foster open, transparent, competitive and financially sound markets” and to “protect market users and their funds, consumers and the public from fraud, manipulation and abusive practices related to derivatives and other products subject to the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA).” The definition of a commodity under the CEA is as broad as the definition of a security under the Securities Act of 1933, including a physical commodity such as an agricultural product, a currency or interest rate or “all services, rights and interests in which the contracts for future delivery are presently or in the future dealt in” (i.e., futures, options and derivatives contracts).
Where the SEC regulates securities and securities markets, the CFTC does the same for commodities and commodity markets. At times the jurisdiction of the two regulators overlaps, such as related to swap transactions (see HERE). Furthermore, while there are no SEC licensed securities exchanges which trade virtual currencies or any tokens, there are several commodities exchanges that trade virtual currency products such as swaps and options, including the TeraExchange, North American Derivatives Exchange and LedgerX.
The Commodity Exchange Act would prohibit the trading of a virtual currency future, option or swap on a platform or facility not licensed by the CFTC. Moreover, the National Futures Association (NFA) is now requiring member commodity pool operators (CPO’s) and commodity trading advisors (CTA’s) to immediately notify the NFA if they operate a pool or manage an account that engaged in a transaction involving a virtual currency or virtual currency derivative.
The CFTC refers to the IRS’s definition of a “virtual currency” and in particular:
A virtual currency is a digital representation of value that functions as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value. In some environments it operates like real currency but it does not have legal tender status in the U.S. Virtual currency that has an equivalent value in real currency, or that acts as a substitute for real currency, is referred to as a convertible virtual currency. Bitcoin is one example of a convertible virtual currency.
I note that neither the CFTC’s definition of Bitcoin as a commodity, nor the IRS’s definition of a virtual currency, conflicts with the SEC’s position that most cryptocurrencies and initial cryptocurrency offerings today are securities requiring compliance with the federal securities laws. The SEC’s position is based on an analysis of the current market for ICO’s and the issuance of “coins” or “tokens” for capital raising transactions and as speculative investment contracts. In fact, a cryptocurrency which today may be an investment contract (security) can morph into a commodity (currency) or other type of digital asset. For example, an offering of XYZ token for the purpose of raising capital to build a software or blockchain platform or community where XYZ token can be used as a currency would rightfully be considered a securities offering that needs to comply with the federal securities laws. However, when the XYZ token is issued and can be used as a form of currency, it would become a commodity. Furthermore, the bundling of a token securities offering to include options or futures contracts may implicate both SEC and CFTC compliance requirements.
The CFTC primer gives a little background on Bitcoin, which was created in 2008 by a person or group using the pseudonym “Satoshi Nakamoto” as an electric payment system based on cryptographic proof allowing any two parties to transact directly without the need for a trusted third party, such as a bank or credit card company. Bitcoin is partially anonymous, with individuals being identified by an alphanumeric address. Bitcoin runs on a blockchain-decentralized network of computers and uses open-source software and “miners” to validate transactions through solving complex algorithmic mathematical equations.
A virtual currency can be used as a store of value; however, virtual currencies are not a yield asset in that they do not generate dividends or interest. Virtual currencies can generally be traded with resulting capital gains or losses. The CFTC, like all regulators, points out the significant speculation and volatility risk. The CFTC reiterates the large incidents of fraud involving crypto marketplaces. Furthermore, there is a significant cybersecurity risk. If a “wallet” holding cryptosecurities is hacked, they are likely gone without a chance of recovery.
Although many virtual currencies, including Bitcoin, market themselves as a payment method, the ability to utilize Bitcoin and other virtual currencies for everyday goods and services has not yet come to fruition. In fact, the trend toward Bitcoin being a regularly accepted payment has seemed to have gone the other way, with payment processor Stripe, tech giant Microsoft and gaming platform Steam discontinuing Bitcoin support due to lengthy transaction times and increased transaction failure rates.
Further Reading on DLT/Blockchain and ICO’s
For an introduction on distributed ledger technology, including a summary of FINRA’s Report on Distributed Ledger Technology and Implication of Blockchain for the Securities Industry, see HERE.
For a discussion on the Section 21(a) Report on the DAO investigation, statements by the Divisions of Corporation Finance and Enforcement related to the investigative report and the SEC’s Investor Bulletin on ICO’s, see HERE.
For a summary of SEC Chief Accountant Wesley R. Bricker’s statements on ICO’s and accounting implications, see HERE.
For an update on state distributed ledger technology and blockchain regulations, see HERE.
For a summary of the SEC and NASAA statements on ICO’s and updates on enforcement proceedings as of January 2018, see HERE.
To read about the SEC and CFTC joint statements and the Wall Street Journal op-ed article, see HERE.
Tagged Bitcoin, Blockchain, Blockchain Technology, Blockchain Platform, CFTC, CFTC Chairman J. Christopher Giancarlo, CFTC Compliance Requirements, Cryptocurrency Offerings, DLT, Ethereum, Initial Cryptocurrency Offerings, SEC, Virtual Currencies, Virtual CurrencyLeave a comment
SEC Statements On Cybersecurity; An EDGAR Hacking
This is the first in a two-part blog series summarizing Jay Clayton’s statement, the SEC EDGAR hacking and the new initiatives. My prior blog outlining SEC guidance on the disclosure of cybersecurity matters can be read HERE.
Chair Clayton’s Statement on Cybersecurity and the EDGAR Hacking
Upon taking office in May, 2017, Chair Clayton formed a senior-level cybersecurity working group to coordinate the sharing of information, risk monitoring and incident response efforts. Chair Clayton’s September 20, 2017 statement was part of the SEC’s ongoing initiatives and necessary to inform the public of the SEC’s own hacking incident. In addition to the revelation regarding the EDGAR hacking, Chair Jay Clayton’s statement emphasized the importance of cybersecurity to not only the SEC, but all market participants.
All market participants engage in data collection, storage, analysis, availability and protection to some extent, all of which are open to cybersecurity risks. Cyber attacks can be perpetrated by identity thieves, unscrupulous contractors and vendors, malicious employees, business competitors, prospective insider traders and market manipulators, hackers, terrorists, state-sponsored actors and others. Furthermore, the effects of attacks can be significant, including loss or exposure of consumer data, theft or exposure of intellectual property, investor losses resulting from the theft of funds, market value declines in companies’ subject to cyber attacks, and regulatory, reputational and litigation risks.
Cybersecurity efforts must include, in addition to assessment, prevention and mitigation, resilience and recovery. Chair Clayton’s statement provides detail on the SEC’s approach to cybersecurity, including: (i) the types of data they collect, hold and make publicly available; (ii) how the SEC manages cybersecurity risks and responds to cyber events; (iii) how the SEC incorporates cybersecurity considerations in their risk-based supervision of entities they regulate; (iv) how the SEC coordinates with other regulators to identify and mitigate cybersecurity risks; and (v) how the SEC uses its oversight and enforcement authorities, including to pursue cyber threats.
EDGAR Hacking
Before summarizing the other components of Chair Clayton’s statement, I will jump right to the topic that has gained national attention: EDGAR was hacked! Sometime in 2016, a software vulnerability in the test filing component of the EDGAR system was hacked. The opening was patched once discovered, but the hackers were able to obtain information through test filings that was used to make illicit trading gains. The hackers also obtained personal information, including names, dates of birth and Social Security numbers of at least two individuals. Chair Clayton was not informed of the hacking until August 2017.
The test filing system of EDGAR allows a company to make a non-public test filing of a registration statement or report (or any document that can be filed through the EDGAR system) to be sure the actual filing will be processed correctly. The test filing is usually made hours before the actual filing, but it can be made a day in advance. By having access to material information in filings prior to the marketplace, the hackers could trade on such information and make illegal profits.
When the SEC first announced the hacking on September 20, 2017, it stated that no personal information had been compromised but in a second press release issued on October 2, 2017, the SEC confirmed that forensic data analysis uncovered further depths to the intrusion. In the October 2 press release, Chair Clayton outlined efforts to review and remediate the 2016 hacking, including:
A review of the 2016 EDGAR intrusion by the Office of Inspector General;
An investigation by the Division of Enforcement in the potential illicit trading resulting from the 2016 EDGAR intrusion (which seems to indicate that the perpetrator has been uncovered). Chair Clayton was first informed of the hacking in connection with this enforcement investigation;
A focused review and appropriate uplift of the EDGAR system with a concentration on cybersecurity matters, including its security systems, processes and controls. This review will include assessing the types of data that run through the EDGAR system and whether EDGAR is the appropriate mechanism to funnel such data;
A focused review and appropriate uplift of all systems that include the identification of sensitive data or personally identifiable information. This review will include assessing the types of data the SEC keeps and the related security systems, processes and control; and
The SEC’s internal review of the 2016 EDGAR hacking to determine, among other things, the procedures followed in response to the intrusion. This review is being overseen by the Office of the General Counsel and includes an interdisciplinary investigative team including outside technology consultants. Related to this, the SEC will enhance protocols for cybersecurity incidents.
In furtherance of this review and plan, Chair Clayton authorized the immediate hiring of additional staff and outside technology consultants to protect the security of the SEC’s network, systems and data.
Based on the SEC’s statements and testimony on the matter, there still remains a lot of secrecy surrounding the incident. For instance, the date or dates of the hacking have not been made public. The hacking was reported to the Department of Homeland Security, but the SEC commissioners were not notified. Moreover, the SEC has not revealed the type of information that was accessed nor which companies were affected.
Collection and Use of Data by the SEC
The SEC collects, stores and transmits data in three broad categories, including: (i) public facing data through the EDGAR system; (ii) non-public information including personally identifiable information related to supervisory and enforcement functions; and (iii) non-public information including personally identifiable information related to the SEC’s internal operations.
The first category involves data provided to the SEC by companies (such as public reports under the Exchange Act, and notices of private offerings on Form D) and investors (such as Section 13 and Section 16 filings). The second category includes data on companies, broker-dealers, investment advisors, investment companies, self-regulatory organizations (including FINRA), alternative trading systems, clearing agencies, credit rating agencies, municipal advisors and other market participants. The third category of data includes personnel records, internal investigations and data related to risk management and internal control processes.
Management of Internal Cybersecurity Risks
Notably, Chair Clayton begins this part of his statement by disclosing that the SEC is “the subject of frequent attempts by unauthorized actors to disrupt access to our public-facing systems, access our data, or otherwise cause damage to our technology infrastructure, including through the use of phishing, malware and other attack vectors.” As did occur with the EDGAR hacking, attackers stand to profit from information through trading activities, identity theft and a myriad of other improper uses of the illegally obtained information.
In addition to outside attacks, the SEC monitors for unauthorized actions by personnel. In 2014, an internal review uncovered that certain laptops with sensitive information could not be located. There have also been instances where SEC personnel have used non-secure personal email accounts to transmit nonpublic information. The SEC mitigates the internal risk by requiring all personnel to complete privacy and security training.
To protect against all of its cyber-related threats, the SEC employs an agency-wide cybersecurity detection, protection and prevention program. The program includes cybersecurity protocols and controls, network protections, system monitoring and detection processes, vendor risk management processes, and regular cybersecurity and privacy training for employees. However, in light of current and changing technological advancements, the SEC intends to step up its efforts overall. As mentioned earlier, in that regard, the SEC is seeking an increase in its annual budget, and a lift on its current hiring limitations.
Just as the SEC expects public companies to maintain internal controls, including from the top down, on cybersecurity matters, so the SEC has internal policies and procedures requiring senior management to maintain policies, and to coordinate with other offices and divisions with respect to cybersecurity efforts, including risk reporting and testing.
Although all offices have responsibilities, the SEC Office of Information Technology has overall management and responsibility for the agency’s cybersecurity. The SEC’s cybersecurity program is subject to review from internal and external independent auditors, including to ensure compliance with the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (“FISMA”).
The SEC also must report cybersecurity matters to outside agencies, including the Office of Management and Budget and the Department of Homeland Security, and has established information-sharing relationships with the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (“NCCIC”), the Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee (“FBIIC”), and the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (“FS-ISAC”).
Incorporation of Cybersecurity Considerations in the SEC’s Disclosure-Based and Supervisory Efforts
The SEC incorporates cybersecurity considerations in its disclosure and supervisory programs, including in the context of the Commission’s review of public company disclosures, its oversight of critical market technology infrastructure, and its oversight of other regulated entities, including broker-dealers, investment advisors and investment companies. Related to public company disclosures, Chair Clayton referred to the SEC guidance summarized HERE.
Related to the SEC’s oversight of market infrastructure, including regulation of exchanges and clearing agencies, the SEC adopted Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity in 2014. Regulation SCI was proposed and adopted to require key market participants to have comprehensive written policies and procedures to ensure the security and resilience of their technological systems, to ensure systems operate in compliance with federal securities laws, to provide for review and testing of such systems and to provide for notices and reports to the SEC. Key market participants generally include national securities exchanges and associations, significant alternative trading systems (such as OTC Markets, which has confirmed it is in compliance with the Regulation), clearing agencies, and plan processors. For a review of Regulation SCI, see HERE.
Furthermore, certain SEC rules and regulations governing broker-dealers, investment advisors and investment companies directly implicate information security practices. For example, Regulation S-P requires registered broker-dealers, investment companies and investment advisors to adopt written policies and procedures governing safeguards for the protection of customer information and records. Regulation S-ID requires these firms, to the extent they maintain certain types of covered accounts, to establish programs addressing how to identify, detect and respond to potential identity theft red flags.
Coordination with Other Governmental Entities
Effective cybersecurity programs require cooperation among government agencies. The SEC shares oversight responsibility on some matters with other agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Furthermore, the SEC often coordinates with other agencies, such as the Federal Trade Commission and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The SEC coordinates cybersecurity efforts with each of these agencies, and more.
Enforcement of the Federal Securities Laws
The SEC is committed to enforcing compliance with the cybersecurity disclosure obligations of reporting companies, and in enforcement proceedings against those that purse cyber threats. Part of these efforts include using advanced technology to monitor suspicious trading activity across companies, traders and geographic regions.
Chair Clayton sets out examples of enforcement actions, such as a case in 2016 against three traders for allegedly participating in a scheme to hack into two prominent New York-based law firms to steal information pertaining to clients that were considering mergers or acquisitions, which the hackers then used to trade. In another case, defendants allegedly hacked into newswire services to obtain non-public information about corporate earnings announcements. These are just two examples among dozens of cases.
Tagged Bitcoin, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency Offerings, Cybersecurity, DLT, EDGAR Hacking, Ethereum, Initial Cryptocurrency OfferingsLeave a comment | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1981 | {"url": "https://cryptocurrency-lawfirm.com/tag/cryptocurrency-offerings/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cryptocurrency-lawfirm.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:48:31Z", "digest": "sha1:JPUFEVLM45U6K7UBPKWK5VAK3T7ARYJS"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 20968, 20968.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 20968, 26396.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 20968, 59.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 20968, 140.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 20968, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 20968, 264.1]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 20968, 0.34674752]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 20968, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 20968, 0.0598178]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 20968, 0.03105483]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 20968, 0.01730362]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 20968, 0.01317825]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 20968, 0.00504211]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 20968, 0.01306366]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 20968, 0.00550049]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 20968, 0.00412537]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 20968, 0.04437707]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 20968, 0.14195149]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 20968, 0.30649351]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 20968, 5.66655844]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 20968, 5.81101358]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 20968, 3080.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 60, 0.0], [60, 126, 1.0], [126, 544, 1.0], [544, 1439, 1.0], [1439, 2179, 1.0], [2179, 2700, 1.0], [2700, 3161, 1.0], [3161, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3709, 1.0], [3709, 4877, 1.0], [4877, 5491, 1.0], [5491, 6056, 1.0], [6056, 6560, 1.0], [6560, 6604, 0.0], [6604, 6798, 1.0], [6798, 7024, 1.0], [7024, 7141, 1.0], [7141, 7232, 1.0], [7232, 7356, 1.0], [7356, 7457, 1.0], [7457, 7737, 0.0], [7737, 7787, 0.0], [7787, 8013, 1.0], [8013, 8078, 0.0], [8078, 8603, 1.0], [8603, 9316, 1.0], [9316, 9988, 1.0], [9988, 10002, 0.0], [10002, 10618, 1.0], [10618, 11106, 1.0], [11106, 11492, 0.0], [11492, 11565, 0.0], [11565, 11852, 0.0], [11852, 12170, 0.0], [12170, 12443, 0.0], [12443, 12822, 1.0], [12822, 13027, 1.0], [13027, 13445, 1.0], [13445, 13483, 0.0], [13483, 13859, 1.0], [13859, 14501, 1.0], [14501, 14544, 0.0], [14544, 15085, 1.0], [15085, 15518, 1.0], [15518, 16136, 1.0], [16136, 16489, 1.0], [16489, 16856, 1.0], [16856, 17300, 1.0], [17300, 17400, 0.0], [17400, 17855, 1.0], [17855, 18704, 1.0], [18704, 19309, 1.0], [19309, 19355, 0.0], [19355, 19935, 1.0], [19935, 19978, 0.0], [19978, 20309, 1.0], [20309, 20822, 1.0], [20822, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 60, 0.0], [60, 126, 0.0], [126, 544, 0.0], [544, 1439, 0.0], [1439, 2179, 0.0], [2179, 2700, 0.0], [2700, 3161, 0.0], [3161, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3709, 0.0], [3709, 4877, 0.0], [4877, 5491, 0.0], [5491, 6056, 0.0], [6056, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6604, 0.0], [6604, 6798, 0.0], [6798, 7024, 0.0], [7024, 7141, 0.0], [7141, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7356, 0.0], [7356, 7457, 0.0], [7457, 7737, 0.0], [7737, 7787, 0.0], [7787, 8013, 0.0], [8013, 8078, 0.0], [8078, 8603, 0.0], [8603, 9316, 0.0], [9316, 9988, 0.0], [9988, 10002, 0.0], [10002, 10618, 0.0], [10618, 11106, 0.0], [11106, 11492, 0.0], [11492, 11565, 0.0], [11565, 11852, 0.0], [11852, 12170, 0.0], [12170, 12443, 0.0], [12443, 12822, 0.0], [12822, 13027, 0.0], [13027, 13445, 0.0], [13445, 13483, 0.0], [13483, 13859, 0.0], [13859, 14501, 0.0], [14501, 14544, 0.0], [14544, 15085, 0.0], [15085, 15518, 0.0], [15518, 16136, 0.0], [16136, 16489, 0.0], [16489, 16856, 0.0], [16856, 17300, 0.0], [17300, 17400, 0.0], [17400, 17855, 0.0], [17855, 18704, 0.0], [18704, 19309, 0.0], [19309, 19355, 0.0], [19355, 19935, 0.0], [19935, 19978, 0.0], [19978, 20309, 0.0], [20309, 20822, 0.0], [20822, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 30, 3.0], [30, 60, 4.0], [60, 126, 12.0], [126, 544, 62.0], [544, 1439, 136.0], [1439, 2179, 118.0], [2179, 2700, 75.0], [2700, 3161, 72.0], [3161, 3244, 14.0], [3244, 3709, 80.0], [3709, 4877, 186.0], [4877, 5491, 91.0], [5491, 6056, 87.0], [6056, 6560, 75.0], [6560, 6604, 6.0], [6604, 6798, 27.0], [6798, 7024, 35.0], [7024, 7141, 18.0], [7141, 7232, 13.0], [7232, 7356, 22.0], [7356, 7457, 18.0], [7457, 7737, 30.0], [7737, 7787, 7.0], [7787, 8013, 37.0], [8013, 8078, 9.0], [8078, 8603, 78.0], [8603, 9316, 95.0], [9316, 9988, 95.0], [9988, 10002, 2.0], [10002, 10618, 97.0], [10618, 11106, 85.0], [11106, 11492, 62.0], [11492, 11565, 13.0], [11565, 11852, 42.0], [11852, 12170, 49.0], [12170, 12443, 41.0], [12443, 12822, 55.0], [12822, 13027, 31.0], [13027, 13445, 69.0], [13445, 13483, 8.0], [13483, 13859, 47.0], [13859, 14501, 87.0], [14501, 14544, 5.0], [14544, 15085, 82.0], [15085, 15518, 63.0], [15518, 16136, 87.0], [16136, 16489, 51.0], [16489, 16856, 48.0], [16856, 17300, 55.0], [17300, 17400, 11.0], [17400, 17855, 58.0], [17855, 18704, 123.0], [18704, 19309, 77.0], [19309, 19355, 5.0], [19355, 19935, 80.0], [19935, 19978, 6.0], [19978, 20309, 44.0], [20309, 20822, 77.0], [20822, 20968, 15.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 60, 0.0], [60, 126, 0.19672131], [126, 544, 0.01477833], [544, 1439, 0.01136364], [1439, 2179, 0.00554017], [2179, 2700, 0.0], [2700, 3161, 0.0], [3161, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3709, 0.0], [3709, 4877, 0.0], [4877, 5491, 0.00661157], [5491, 6056, 0.0], [6056, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6604, 0.0], [6604, 6798, 0.0], [6798, 7024, 0.00909091], [7024, 7141, 0.0], [7141, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7356, 0.03305785], [7356, 7457, 0.0], [7457, 7737, 0.0], [7737, 7787, 0.0], [7787, 8013, 0.0], [8013, 8078, 0.0], [8078, 8603, 0.01945525], [8603, 9316, 0.0], [9316, 9988, 0.0], [9988, 10002, 0.0], [10002, 10618, 0.01324503], [10618, 11106, 0.0], [11106, 11492, 0.04244032], [11492, 11565, 0.05633803], [11565, 11852, 0.0141844], [11852, 12170, 0.0], [12170, 12443, 0.0], [12443, 12822, 0.01075269], [12822, 13027, 0.0], [13027, 13445, 0.0], [13445, 13483, 0.0], [13483, 13859, 0.0], [13859, 14501, 0.00645161], [14501, 14544, 0.0], [14544, 15085, 0.0], [15085, 15518, 0.00941176], [15518, 16136, 0.0], [16136, 16489, 0.0], [16489, 16856, 0.01111111], [16856, 17300, 0.0], [17300, 17400, 0.0], [17400, 17855, 0.0], [17855, 18704, 0.00480192], [18704, 19309, 0.0], [19309, 19355, 0.0], [19355, 19935, 0.0], [19935, 19978, 0.0], [19978, 20309, 0.0], [20309, 20822, 0.00793651], [20822, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 60, 0.0], [60, 126, 0.0], [126, 544, 0.0], [544, 1439, 0.0], [1439, 2179, 0.0], [2179, 2700, 0.0], [2700, 3161, 0.0], [3161, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3709, 0.0], [3709, 4877, 0.0], [4877, 5491, 0.0], [5491, 6056, 0.0], [6056, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6604, 0.0], [6604, 6798, 0.0], [6798, 7024, 0.0], [7024, 7141, 0.0], [7141, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7356, 0.0], [7356, 7457, 0.0], [7457, 7737, 0.0], [7737, 7787, 0.0], [7787, 8013, 0.0], [8013, 8078, 0.0], [8078, 8603, 0.0], [8603, 9316, 0.0], [9316, 9988, 0.0], [9988, 10002, 0.0], [10002, 10618, 0.0], [10618, 11106, 0.0], [11106, 11492, 0.0], [11492, 11565, 0.0], [11565, 11852, 0.0], [11852, 12170, 0.0], [12170, 12443, 0.0], [12443, 12822, 0.0], [12822, 13027, 0.0], [13027, 13445, 0.0], [13445, 13483, 0.0], [13483, 13859, 0.0], [13859, 14501, 0.0], [14501, 14544, 0.0], [14544, 15085, 0.0], [15085, 15518, 0.0], [15518, 16136, 0.0], [16136, 16489, 0.0], [16489, 16856, 0.0], [16856, 17300, 0.0], [17300, 17400, 0.0], [17400, 17855, 0.0], [17855, 18704, 0.0], [18704, 19309, 0.0], [19309, 19355, 0.0], [19355, 19935, 0.0], [19935, 19978, 0.0], [19978, 20309, 0.0], [20309, 20822, 0.0], [20822, 20968, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 30, 0.1], [30, 60, 0.23333333], [60, 126, 0.09090909], [126, 544, 0.08133971], [544, 1439, 0.04469274], [1439, 2179, 0.02702703], [2179, 2700, 0.04798464], [2700, 3161, 0.05206074], [3161, 3244, 0.09638554], [3244, 3709, 0.01290323], [3709, 4877, 0.03339041], [4877, 5491, 0.01628664], [5491, 6056, 0.02477876], [6056, 6560, 0.01785714], [6560, 6604, 0.20454545], [6604, 6798, 0.09278351], [6798, 7024, 0.09734513], [7024, 7141, 0.13675214], [7141, 7232, 0.05494505], [7232, 7356, 0.13709677], [7356, 7457, 0.14851485], [7457, 7737, 0.15], [7737, 7787, 0.26], [7787, 8013, 0.0840708], [8013, 8078, 0.15384615], [8078, 8603, 0.04761905], [8603, 9316, 0.00420757], [9316, 9988, 0.02678571], [9988, 10002, 0.42857143], [10002, 10618, 0.03571429], [10618, 11106, 0.02663934], [11106, 11492, 0.03367876], [11492, 11565, 0.12328767], [11565, 11852, 0.03484321], [11852, 12170, 0.05345912], [12170, 12443, 0.01831502], [12443, 12822, 0.04485488], [12822, 13027, 0.02926829], [13027, 13445, 0.03827751], [13445, 13483, 0.15789474], [13483, 13859, 0.03191489], [13859, 14501, 0.02647975], [14501, 14544, 0.09302326], [14544, 15085, 0.02218115], [15085, 15518, 0.03002309], [15518, 16136, 0.0210356], [16136, 16489, 0.01983003], [16489, 16856, 0.05722071], [16856, 17300, 0.09459459], [17300, 17400, 0.1], [17400, 17855, 0.03296703], [17855, 18704, 0.03886926], [18704, 19309, 0.01983471], [19309, 19355, 0.08695652], [19355, 19935, 0.06206897], [19935, 19978, 0.09302326], [19978, 20309, 0.01510574], [20309, 20822, 0.01169591], [20822, 20968, 0.1369863]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 20968, 0.57850194]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 20968, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 20968, 0.44396043]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 20968, -1033.9780462]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 20968, 184.27413125]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 20968, 39.19276742]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 20968, 118.0]]} |
Engage in Tampa Bay
First page 1 Next page Last page
TAMPA BAY engage in Q3 2020
THE SAFE SIX recovery readiness &
GLOBAL OFFICE IMPACT STUDY & RECOVERY TIMING C&W RESOURCE
As areas stabilize from the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home restrictions are lifted, organizations will begin to bring workers back into the physical workplace. It’s already begun in some parts of the world. In fact, as of April 2020, we have helped move our own employees, and those of our clients, back into more than 800 million square feet of properties globally. The “Recovery Readiness: A How-to Guide for Reopening your Workplace,” outlines some of the best thinking and practices that our more than 53,000 professionals have compiled across the globe and also includes insights from key partners. The recommended practices and protocols already have been implemented at locations across the globe with tremendous success.
IN THIS STUDY: • We examine both the aggregate cyclical and structural impacts on the office sector’s fundamentals. • We present three forecast scenarios that illustrate probable and/or possible recovery timing based on the information at hand today.
CLICK TO DOWNLOAD FULL STUDY
RECOVERY READINESS A HOW-TO GUIDE FOR REOPENING YOUR WORKPLACE Version 1.0
FOR RECOVERY READINESS RESOURCES AND TO DOWNLOAD THE GUIDE CLICK HERE: https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/ covid-19/recovery-readiness-a-how-to-guide-for-re- opening-your-workplace
CUSHMAN&WAKEFIELDRESEARCH
This study is thefirst in a four-part series thatprovides anewperspectiveonCOVID-19’s effectson the commercial real estate industry and the futureof theoffice.Beginningwith thisglobal impact study, the series explores the cyclical and structural changes impacting theglobalofficemarket aswell as the implications for the timingof a recovery. Inpart two,wedo a thorough reviewof academic literature and industry studies, examining thebenefitsofoffice andworking fromhome (WFH) focusedon several key areas includingproductivity, culture,branding, employee engagement and creativity. Inpart three, the serieswill shift toperspectivesonfinding theoptimalmodel that incorporatesflexibility and a futureworkplace ecosystemmadeupof theoffice,work fromhome and places to creategreater employee satisfaction,productivity andprofitability.Finally, in the lastpartof the series,wewill explore the futurebeyond 2020.By focusingon the aspects that influence thebuilt environment—including the economy,geo-demographics, technology, societal shifts and thepolitical landscape—we strive to answerhow changingbehaviorpatternswill affectdecisionmaking. INTRODUCTION COVID-19 isdisrupting the economy, accelerating shifts and creating structural changes thatwill persist for years to come.Thepandemichas created several forces thatdirectly impact theoffice sector’s fundamentals.Someof the impacts are cyclical—for example, theCOVID-19 recessionwill result inoffice-using job losses,higher vacancy, andwillplacedownwardpressureon rental rates. Other impacts are structural, such as agreater shareof employeeswhowill regularlywork from home (WFH). In this study,we examineboth the aggregate cyclical and structural impactson the office sector’s fundamentals, andwepresent three forecast scenarios that illustrateprobable and/or possibleoutcomesbasedon the information athand today. Lastly,our studymakespredictionsonly at the regional level;we acknowledge thatnot every citywill follow the samepath as laidout inour aggregatedfindings.Further, althoughwebelieve the rangeof scenarios iswide enough to capturepossible andprobableoutcomes and that assumptionswemake arewell reasonedbasedon thedata available today,we acknowledge theunprecedented levelof uncertainty in today’soutlook. GLOBAL OFFICE IMPACT STUDY & RECOVERY TIMING September 2020 TABLEOFCONTENTS KEYFINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................2 5-YEAROFFICEOUTLOOKBYREGION ...........................................................................................3 STUDYOVERVIEW ...........................................................................................................................4 ASIAPACIFIC ...................................................................................................................................6 GREATERCHINA ............................................................................................................................10 EUROPE .........................................................................................................................................14 UNITEDSTATES ..............................................................................................................................18 CANADA ........................................................................................................................................ 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................................................26 APPENDIXA:ECONOMICSCENARIOASSUMPTIONS .................................................................... 29 MPTIONS .......................................................................................31
HELPING YOUR EMPLOYEES ADJUST TO A NEW NORMAL https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/ en/netherlands/six-feet-office
2 Cushman & Wakefield
Tampa ranks #3 on list of best destinations for Millennials TravelDailyNews, 2019
Millennials are choosing Tampa Bay as their home. It is a place where our people are happy living and working where most only vacation. Tampa Bay is defined by three cities – Tampa, St. Petersburg and Clearwater, with each city contributing to the area’s tropical landscape and dynamic living environment. From a business perspective, highlights of the Tampa Bay market include Tampa CBD, Westshore, St. Petersburg CBD, Ybor City, the I-75 Corridor, and Gateway. All of these submarkets provide a short commute time, active business climate, wonderful quality of life, talented professionals, low cost of living, and low labor cost. Last but not least, the weather is beautiful all year round!
Tampa Bay is a moving to according to Forbes Magazine. TOP no state income tax, affordable housing, & strong job creation top 3 reasons spot in the country Americans are
#2 Tampa ranks
USA Today and 10Best
Nearly a quarter of all adults living in Hillsborough County are between 18-34 years of age. - Tampa EDC
FLORIDA # 2 RANKED
BEST STATE FOR BUSINESS according to Chief Executive Magazine
competing markets in the South. 45.3%
of millennials occupy white collar jobs. Hillsborough County boasts a higher percentage of college graduates than
Tampa Bay named a top metro for growth in million-dollar businesses. - LendingTree
over 17.0 MILLION SF
leased since year- end 2017
LABOR POOL & TALENT • Population of Millennials with college degrees grew nearly 41% in the past 12 years • Tampa Bay claims 20% of the state’s IT workforce TampaEDC.com • Millennials make up 26% of the overall Tampa population Altreyx 2019 • Tampa ranked in the Top 10 Best Performing City in the Southeast Best Cities, January 2018
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Best Small Business Cities - Tampa-St. Petersburg - No. 19 Biz2Credit • #6 most cost-friendly U.S. Business location Tampa EDC • 1st and 3rd ranked cities for Millennials in Florida NerdWallet, 2015 • Pro-Business local and state government officials
AFFORDABILITY & HOUSING • Tampa has the lowest housing cost among Florida metros. TampaEDC.com • Favorable tax climate; no personal income tax • Tampa’s cost of living ranks below the national average by 9% as of year-end 2019. Tampa EDC Cost of Living Index 3Q19 | TampaEDC.com • The cost-of-living in Tampa Bay is half that of San Francisco or Manhattan Tampa Bay Technology Forum | tbtf.org
WORK/LIFE BALANCE • 361 Days of Sunshine each Year
• 35 miles of Beaches • Professional Sporting Events Including The Lightning, Rays, & Buccaneers • World class fishing/boating • Tampa is a top Beer City in America TampaEDC.com
Millennial Matter, TampaEDC.com
#2 City to Celebrate LGBT Pride USA Today, May 2019 St. Petersburg is
SNAPSHOT tampa bay msa
473 TOTAL BUILDINGS
43,474,388 SF TOTAL INVENTORY
The Tampa-St. Petersburg- Clearwater (MSA) on Florida’s West Coast is composed of Hillsborough, Pinellas, Pasco, and Hernando counties. The region contains the third and fourth largest cities in the state, Tampa and St. Petersburg. With over 3.0 million people, Tampa Bay is the third largest MSA in the Southeast.
1,820,154 SF YTD LEASING ACTIVITY
RECENT EXPANSIONS AND RELOCATIONS
• Industrious - Tampa CBD 44,000 SF in Sparkman Wharf • Industrious - St Petersburg CBD 37,000 SF in 200 Central • Industrious - Ybor City 45,000 SF Centro Ybor • Fanatics - Westshore 91,980 SF Relocation in Avion Park • WeWork - Tampa CBD 60,000 SF in 501 East Kennedy • AxoGen - Tampa CBD 75,000 SF Headquarters • ReliaQuest - Westshore 75,000 SF Headquarters • Surgery Partners - Westshore 30,000 SF Headquarters
• BayCare - Westshore 73,180 SF Expansion • PwC - Westshore
Average Income: $76,285
250,000 SF Expansion • USAA - I-75 Corridor 240,000 SF Expansion • Ironman – Westshore Headquarters Expansion (70 New Jobs) • Greenway Health – Westshore 130,000 SF Headquarters Expansion • Amgen – Westshore 125,000 SF Headquarters 33,000 SF Expansion • AAA – Westshore 150,000 SF Headquarters • Heritage Insurance - Westshore 90,000 SF Relocation
Population Growth (2010-2019): 11.2%
Labor Force: 1,566,479
White Collar Jobs: 64.5%
Residential: 1,442,461
DRIVERS economic
Tampa / St. Petersburg’s growing consumer market and easy connections to South Florida and markets to the north, easily make the Tampa/St. Petersburg region one of the more diverse and dynamic areas of the country. It is home to many leading logistics, financial activities and business services firms. Tourism is also playing an increasingly important part in the region’s economy, growing significantly over the past ten years. The combination of Port Tampa Bay, Tampa International Airport (TIA), CSX rail, and major highways has positioned Tampa as the market of choice for major distributors such as Amazon and Coca-Cola Refreshments. Port Tampa Bay
and TIA combined contribute $22.5 billion annually to the local economy and support approximately 160,000 jobs. Cushman &Wakefield Research
MacDill Air Force Base
TRANSPORTATION tampa bay
Tampa Bay MSA’s transportation system anticipates continuous improvements to accommodate the area’s growth. • Hillsborough County recently approved a 1.5% addition to the State’s sales tax rate bringing it to 8.2% total. The additional revenue is earmarked for infrastructure improvements within the County, individual cities, and school board. • 2 Phase streetcar extension planned for completion by January 2024, will connect downtown Tampa to the Heights along with system modernization of the exisitng vehicles, track and stations. • Pasco County’s S.R. 54 (east/west) has been widened to four and six lanes and is now connected to a new interchange at I-75. • U.S. Highway 41, a major north/south thoroughfare in Pasco County, is also undergoing widening of its highly traveled lanes. • The Suncoast Parkway has recently seen completion into mid-Hernando County extending the Veteran’s Expressway further north in the MSA, creating an improved north/south route for Hillsborough, Pasco and Hernando County communities.
Road Widening Underway
2 International Airports
3 Interstates
7th Largest Seaport in the U.S.
CSX Advanced Intermodal Terminal
2 Toll Roads
Tampa International Airport (TPA) has experienced tremendous growth over the past ten years. It is the 31st busiest airport by passenger movements in North America. The Airport was midway through a 3 Phase $690 million expansion, which is now delayed.
10 Cushman & Wakefield
Q3 2020 MARKETBEAT tampa bay ECONOMY
The Tampa Bay region, had an unemployment rate of 6.8% in August 2020, down 340 basis points (bps) from the previous month and 350 bps higher than the region’s rate from one year ago. Nonagricultural employment for the Tampa Bay region was 1.3 million, a decrease of 59,000 jobs, or 4.3%, over the year. Two employment sectors that gained jobs year-over-year (YOY) were Construction, adding 1,400 new positions and Wholesale Trade with 500 new jobs. Leisure & Hospitality led every other sector in jobs lost in the last 12 months, at 34,400 jobs gone, followed by Professional & Business Services which had payroll declines of 11,500 positions. Office-using employment in the area remained impacted by overall economic conditions and slowdown in business demand. SUPPLY Overall vacancy ended the third quarter at 13.8%, an increase of 210 bps over last year and up 160 bps when compared to the end of 2019. Class A vacancy rose by 380 bps YOY to 13.8% with space in Class B climbing by 50 bps to 14.9%. Two factors played key roles in the vacancy rate increase; vacant sublease space coming to the market and new construction deliveries. Since the beginning of 2020, vacant sublease space increased by 122,000 square feet (sf) to approximately 855,000 sf. In the Central Business District (CBD), Heights Union West and Strategic Property Partners’ Sparkman Wharf delivered, adding 307,000 sf to inventory. In the suburban Northwest submarket, 115,000-sf Renaissance Center VII delivered vacant as healthcare provider Centene marketed the building for sublease. DEMAND New leasing demand fell in the third quarter and totaled approximately 1.8 million square feet (msf) year-to-date (YTD) with only 18% of leases occurring in the third quarter. Both Hillsborough and Pinellas counties recorded the least amount of quarterly leasing activity in the last 12 years. Class A buildings YDT had the bulk of leasing activity, accounting for over 1.0 msf compared to 583,000 sf in Class B assets. In addition to falling leasing activity volumes, absorption continued to trend downward through the third quarter, recording approximately -390,000 sf YTD. MARKET PRICING Overall asking rents increased 1.4% YOY to $26.89 per square foot (psf) full service. For Class A assets, rental gains achieved cycle highs in the third quarter, rising to $30.27 psf, the second consecutive quarter Class A asking rents averaged above $30.00 psf in Tampa Bay. In the last 12-months, gains were recorded in both the CBD and suburban submarkets driving rental rates to $32.46 and $25.87 psf, respectively. Class A assets in the Tampa CBD submarket recorded the largest YOY increase, up 13.4% to $37.15 psf.
CLICK FOR FULL MARKETBEAT REPORT AND STATISTICS
DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE I tampa bay DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE T M ta pa bay
THE LOFT AT MIDTOWN
CORPORATE CENTER V
INDEPENDENCE PARK II
SIZE: 72,387 SF SUBMARKET: WESTSHORE
MIDTOWN WEST WESTTOWER
CENTRO YBOR REDEVELOPMENT
CYPRESS CENTER IV
SIZE: 152,000 SF SUBMARKET: WESTSHORE MIDTOWN TAMPA
MIDTOWN THREE
SPARKMAN WHARF
THE OFFICES AT ORANGE STATION
EISENHOWER II
SIZE: 380,000 SF WATER STREET OFFICE SUBMARKET: TAMPA CBD
SIZE: 150,000 SF SUBMARKET: TAMPA CBD
LAUREL STREET
SIZE: ±400,000 SF SUBMARKET: WESTSHORE
SIZE: 100,000 SF SUBMARKET: ST. PETE CBD
HEIGHTS UNION
FrontageRoad
LimitedSchematicDesign
SKYCENTER ONE
MIDTOWN TWO
400 CHANNELSIDE
HIGHWOODS BAY CENTER II
SIZE: 300,000 SF 2 BUILDINGS SUBMARKET: TAMPA CBD
WEST VIEW CORPORATE CENTER
SIZE: 270,00 SF SUBMARKET: WESTSHORE
ESTIMATED COMPLETION 2021
COMPLETION 2020
©2020 Cushman & Wakefield. All rights reserved. The information contained within this report is gathered from multiple sources believed to be reliable. The information may contain errors or omissions and is presented without any warranty or representations as to its accuracy.
301 submarket spotlight Q3 2020
NORTH PINELLAS
Ehrlich Rd
TOLL 589
Tampa CBD Inventory: 6,366,086 SF Class A Vacancy: 16.3% Class A Asking Rents: $37.15 Westshore Inventory: 12,712,189 SF Class A Vacancy: 12.3% Class A Asking Rents: $36.27
I-75 CORRIDOR
Clearwater Exec. Airport
Old Tampa Bay
CLEARWATER DOWNTOWN
Port Tampa Bay
St. Petersburg International Airport
Ybor City Inventory: 170,148 SF Overall Vacancy: 1.8%
TAMPA CBD
GATEWAY / MID-PINELLAS
I-75 Corridor Inventory: 7,717,505 SF Class A Vacancy: 14.1% Class A Asking Rents: $24.81 St. Petersburg CBD Inventory: 2,038,302 SF Class A Vacancy: 11.1% Class A Asking Rents: $30.68 Gateway Inventory: 4,527,426 SF Class A Vacancy: 12.7% Class A Asking Rents: $24.91
MacDill AFB
SOUTH ST. PETERSBURG
ST. PETERSBURG DOWNTOWN
Port of St. Petersburg
The Riverwalk was nominated and won the American Planning Association's People's Choice for Great Places in America!
N PIN
COUNTR
Clear Exec.
TAMPA CBD welcome to
GATEWAY / M
tampa cbd submarket spotlight Q3 2020
NORTH NELLAS
RYSIDE
Inventory 6.4 MSF Direct Vacancy—Class A 15.2% Direct Asking Rent—Class A $37.20 PSF
rwater . Airport
MID-PINELLAS
Port of
TAMPA'S CBD HAS MORE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY THAN SEEN IN THE PREVIOUS 20 YEARS
Office Market Breakdown
Major Leases Quarter Leased Building Name
Leased SF
Tenant Name
Class A, 4,210,410
Heights Union - West Building
3Q2018
75,000 New
Class C, 501,866
Class B, 1,653,810
Tampa City Center
60,052 Renewal
1Q2020 Sparkman Wharf
Industrious
100 North Tampa
Class A Direct Vacancy and Rental Rates
2Q2020 Heights Union - West Building
White & Case
$10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00 $35.00 $40.00
10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 20.0%
SunTrust Financial Centre
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0%
Rivergate Tower
Quest Workspaces
Holland & Knight - Expansion 22,087 New
Direct Gross Asking Rental Rate
Direct Vacancy Rate
1Q2020 Tampa City Center
Mad Mobile
RSM Accounting
Class A Leasing Activity and Absorption
(50,000) 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000
Leasing Activity
Direct Net Absorption
tampa cbd Downtown Tampa offers an inspiring culture of museums, diverse cuisines and memorable dining experiences, world-class arts venues, lush city parks, and waterfront public spaces including our amazing Riverwalk. With an array of outdoor activities and frequent community events occurring throughout the year, Downtown Tampa has quickly become the hottest place to live in the southeast!
Companies are attracted to downtown Tampa as a result of its impressive urban setting, which inspires business excellence and drives success. Tampa itself is a magnet for the young and educated. According to U.S. Census data, Hillsborough County’s millennial population is growing 13 percent faster than the nation as a whole, which is no surprise because of Tampa’s ideal location, high quality of life and reasonable cost of living. Boasting 18 high-rise office buildings with 8.8 million square feet of business space, Downtown Tampa is the ideal location for any business. ( tampasdowntown.com)
Total Submarket Population: 9,990
Office Inventory (Class A): 4,210,410 SF
Hotel / Lodging: 11 Establishments
Residential: 8,014 Housing Units
Historic Tampa Theatre – Built in 1926 as one of America’s most elaborate movie theaters, the ornate Mediterranean-style structure has maintained its historic feel and offers a movie experience unlike any other! Recently ranked as the number three movie theater in the world.
Food / Beverages: 166 Establishments
Direct Avg. Rental Rate (Class A): $37.20
There’s a heavy focus on creating engaging experiences and storefronts, making the neighborhood a place where people want to be —whether they’re residents, local employees or Lightning fans coming to a game. That’s what’s going to make or break this neighborhood in terms of its success,” Vinik said on the overall walkability of the district. “We must be brilliant at that.” - Jeff Vinik, Tampa Bay Lightning owner and backer of a $3 billion real estate development in downtown Tampa (bizjournals.com)
• Tampa Convention Center • The Riverwalk with restaurants and meeting spots such as Sail Pavilion, Ulele and Armature Works • Amalie Arena, home to NHL’s Tampa Bay Lightning and over 150 special events each year • David A. Straz Jr. Center for the Performing Arts • Tampa Bay Historic Center • Florida Aquarium • Glazer Children’s Museum • Tampa Museum of Art • Florida Museum of Photographic Arts • Henry B. Plant Museum TAMPA CBD
• University of Tampa • Sparkman Wharf • Channelside Cruise Ship Port • Pirate Water Taxi • Teco Line Street Car System
• Numerous Gasparilla events, including the Pirate Invasion, Parade, Music Festival, Art Festival and International Film Festival • Parks & Recreations facilities including Curtis Hixon Park, Waterworks Park, Julia B Lane Park and Cotanchobee Fort Brooke Park
Food & Beverages Hotels & Lodging Arts & Entertainment Residential
Total Business Population: 54,695
Major Employers in Tampa CBD • Morgan & Morgan • Frontier Communications (former Verizon) • Deloitte • Teco Energy • Ernst & Young • Sykes Enterprises • SunTrust • PNC • Bank of America • Industrious
Gasparilla ARGH! Every winter, the legendary pirate Jose Gaspar and his buccaneers return to invade the City of Tampa. The Mayor is forced to surrender the Key to the City into the hands of the Captain of Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla. The jolly Krewe launches their victory celebration in the Parade of the Pirates down Bayshore Boulevard, the 3rd largest parade in the U.S. The people of Tampa come together for an unforgettable pirate- themed celebration, including a music festival, children’s parade, 5K Marathon and much more.
WATER STREET — TAMPA’S DOWNTOWN WATERFRONT DISTRICT
SPP’S ESTIMATED $2 TO $3 BILLION MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT TO INCLUDE: • Office buildings totaling approximately 1.5 - 1.8M SF ranging from 20,000 - 25,000 SF per floor – 1001 Water Street ±375,000 RSF and 20 Stories, 9 Outdoor Terraces and 12,000 SF Retail Space – 400 Channelside ±500,000 RSF and 19 Stories, 27,000 SF Rooftop Space and 110,000 SF Retail Space
– The Offices at Sparkman Wharf ±150,000 RSF and 80,000 SF Retail Space - restaurants started construction on the office portion in later 2018 and is expected to deliver in 2020 • Additional 330,000 SF in medical office and research space with the USF Morsani College of Medicine and Heart Health Institute. Construction commenced in Q4 2017 • Over 3,500 residential condominiums and apartments • Over 1.5M SF of international brands and world-class cuisine, to charming boutiques and local fare offering a myriad shopping, dining and outdoor activities. • The Tampa EDITION will offer a boutique, individualized hotel experience. Newly renovated 719-key Tampa Marriott Water Street hotel and future 5 Star JW Marriott with 650-keys and 70,000 sf of meeting space • First WELL Certified District in the Country ( waterstreettampa.com )
TOUR THE 6TH FLOOR
HEIGHTS UNION - CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE • Two Office Buildings: 100,000 SF Available – West Building – East Building • The Pearl Apartments—314 Luxury Rental Units • Ground Level Retail—28,873 SF • Urban Inner City Development • The Heights Public Market (Armature Works)—73,000 open market that includes 14 walk-up food vendors, two chef-driven restaurants, a courtyard, a roof top bar and 11,000 SF event space • 2-Acre green space offering public boat slips, paddle boards, kayaks and other water-craft for rent • Access to Tampa’s Riverwalk, providing connectivity from The Heights to Downtown Tampa • Julian B. Lane Riverview Park ($35 million renovation): The 23-acre park sits just across the river from Tampa’s blossoming downtown.
Armature Works Heights Public Market
Julian B. Lane Park
MANOR RIVERWALK • Developer—Related Group • First major development on the western bank of the Hillsborough River • Includes a free-standing parking garage, fitness center, and multiple courtyards • Located on the former Tampa Tribune office building site • 8-stories with 400 units. • Resort-style amenities, waterfall infinity-edge pool that appears to be spilling into the Hillsborough River, private poolside cabanas and daybeds, an outdoor kitchen, a meditation garden and a luxury fitness center • Construction completed in early 2019 • manorriverwalk.com
ENCORE! • Located in the heart of Downtown Tampa and adjacent to the Central Business District, Ybor City, Channelside, Tampa Heights and Tampa East, ENCORE! is the vibrant, unifying mixed-use destination for commerce. • A 40+ acre mixed use redevelopment consisting of multifamily, retail, office and hotel. • The pedestrian-friendly plan blends commerce with community in a unique “city within a city” concept. A formal town square with pathways, a history museum, public artwork and relaxation niches is center stage to hotels, offices, apartments, retailers and restaurants. • Property Highlights—180,000 SF Office, 300+ Hotel Rooms, 1,500+ Residential Units, 50,000 SF of Retail • encoretampa.com/
NOVEL RIVERWALK • 394-unit community at 109 W. Fortune St., which is on the former 5 acre surface parking lot next to the Barrymore Hotel, Tampa Riverwalk and The Tampa Bay Times office building • NOVEL Riverwalk offers luxury studios and one-, two- and three-bedroom apartments with breathtaking water and city views • It provides parking for the adjacent office building via a parking deck on the site • crescentcommunities.com/multifamily/novel- riverwalk/
Home to 3.1 million residents, the Tampa Bay region is one of America's fastest growing cities Forbes, 2018 Tampa Bay
Tampa International Airport ranks fourth in the nation - Travel & Leisure Magazine
WESTSHORE welcome to
westshore submarket spotlight Q3 2020
Inventory 12.7 MSF Direct Vacancy—Class A 10.2% Direct Asking Rent—Class A $36.86 PSF
WESTSHORE SUBMARKET SPOTLIGHT
TAMPA'S PREEMINENT SUBMARKET WITH A VARIETY OF SPACE OPTIONS
Westshore Office Market Breakdown
Class C, 1,008,67 88%
MetWest Three
Pricewaterhouse Cooper
250,000 New
Class B, 4,586,924, 36%
Class A, 7,116,587, 56%
Corporate Center IV Greenway Health
101,139 Renewal
Aviation Authority
Avion Park
LakePointe One
Meridian Three
Simply Healthcare
Class A Class B Class C
Corporate Center II
BKS Partners
MetWest One
Atkins North America
1Q2020 Tampa Commons
Traveler's Insurance
2Q2020 The Pointe
USI Insurance
Highwoods Bay Center Reliaquest
Westshore Direct Vacancy and Rental Rates
Class A Direct Asking Rental Rate
Class B Direct Asking Rental Rate
Class A Direct Vacancy Rate
Class B Direct Vacancy Rate
0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000
Leasing Activity Direct Net Absorption
METWEST THREE • This is the fourth office building in the MetWest International project bringing the total to 1 Million square feet. MetWest International is 99% leased.
• 250,000 RSF building • 100% pre-leased to PwC • Delivered in November 2019
westshore Tampa’s Westshore district is the center of activity not only in the Tampa Bay region, but also on Florida’s west coast. Located at the intersection of several major highways and an interstate, it’s easy to see how it has become Florida’s largest office community comprised of 4,000 businesses with nearly 94,000 employees. But it doesn’t stop there, Westshore has evolved – it’s not just 9 to 5 anymore. The Westshore district is now home to a vibrant 24/7 community and boasts some of Tampa’s finest restaurants, world- class shopping, extraordinary hotels and vibrant residential neighborhoods. And if that wasn’t enough, the award-winning Tampa International Airport is just minutes away. Tampa has invested heavily in doubling the capacity of all three major bridges connecting Hillsborough and Pinellas Counties, providing seamless access between the two counties with Westshore being the heart of all the connectivity. The phrase “location, location, location” rings true in Westshore. ( choosewestshore.com )
Total Submarket Population: 69,333
Residential: 31,901 Housing Units
“Westshore has more of a business oriented feel, a lot of transplants, easier to meet people. It has the best mall in the area and a lot of upscale trendy restaurants which makes for a great afternoon-evening social scene. I am a 27 yr old single professional and I live inWestshore, it is a good fit for me. I can get off work and go to happy hour solo, or meet friends, and mingle with other like minded, active young professionals.” - Craig M., (city-data.com)
Total Business Population: 105,575
Major Employers in Westshore • New York Life Insurance • PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
• Capital One • Chase Bank • Amgen • Bloomin’ Brands (Outback Steakhouse HQ) • Bristol-Meyers Squibb
Food & Beverages Hotels & Lodging Arts & Entertainment Residential WESTSHORE
• Superior transportation infrastructure—3 major highways pass through Westshore and there are two HART public transit centers in Westshore • 30-minute drive to 75% of Tampa Bay area residential neighborhoods • Top-rated Tampa International Airport is located within 5 to 7 minutes from any Westshore Business District location • Upscale shopping including 2 regional malls WestShore Plaza & International Plaza and Bay Street • Westshore is the center of the region's hospitality industry with over 40 hotels and more than 312 restaurants • 10-minute drive to the Tampa CBD and Tampa's Convention Center • Full service 24-hour post office located at Tampa International Airport • Raymond James Stadium, home of NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers and George M. Steinbrenner Field, home to MLB’s New York Yankees spring training facility
TAMPA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT EXPANSION
THERE ARE CURRENTLY DELAYS IN THE $906 MILLION CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DUE TO THE PANDEMIC All new on-site construction will be either delayed or canceled over the next five years, according to Tampa Bay Times. This includes Airside D, a $690 million project envisioning 16 additional gates for domestic or international flights, initially slated to deliver by late 2024, now pushed back by four more years. Work will continue, however, on the airport’s ongoing projects that are part of its $2 billion, master-planned expansion, such as the 270,000-square-foot SkyCenter One office building which
OVERVIEW • Phase 1 of the TIA expansion, completed in 2018, addressed immediate needs to de-congest the curbsides, roads and Main Terminal • Phase 2, which broke ground in 2019, includes a curbside expansion and 35-acre commercial development around the Rental Car Center. The commercial development area will feature an office building, convenience store with gas station, hotel, a commercial curb to accommodate transit and other ground transportation, and connections to regional trail networks. The curbside expansion includes 16 new express lanes exclusively for passengers without checked luggage. • Phase 3 includes the construction of a new Airside D with 16 gates capable of handling both domestic and international flights.
broke ground late last year. READ FULL ARTICLE HERE
OFFICE MIDTOWN NORTH ±400,000 RSF
OFFICE THE LOFT AT MIDTOWN 49,327 RSF of Office Est. Delivery Q1 2021
OFFICE MIDTOWN SOUTH ±200,000 RSF
GROUND FLOOR RETAIL Est. Delivery: Q1 2021
HOTEL ALOFT &
ELEMENT HOTELS Est. Delivery: Q1 2021
PARKING STRUCTURE Est. Delivery: Q1 2021
3-ACRE MIDTOWN LAKE
RESIDENTIAL NOVEL BY CRESCENT COMMUNITIES Est. Delivery: Q1 2021
GROCER WHOLE FOODS MARKET Est. Delivery: Q1 2021
OFFICE MIDTOWNWEST ±152,000 RSF Est. Delivery: Q2 2021
W Cypress St
Dale Mabry Highway
MIDTOWN TAMPA • On 23 Acres in Westshore, Midtown Tampa is the first mixed-use project of its kind in Tampa • This $500M project will deliver 1.8 million SF of retail, residential, office, entertainment and hospitality • Office – 822,000 SF – The Loft at Midtown ±72,387 RSF Est. Delivery: Q1 2021 – Midtown West ±152,000 RSF and 8 stories, 22,200 RSF typical floor plate, covered bridge to parking, Est. Delivery: Q2 2021 – Midtown South ±200,000 RSF and 10 stories – Midtown North ±400,000 RSF and 13 stories connected parking garage • Whole Foods Market will be taking 48,000 SF and opening in Q1 2021. They will employ approximately 200 full and part-time employees
Office: 822,000 SF Retail: 220,000 SF Multifamily: 390 Units
The Loft at Midtown to be Tampa Bay’s first post-COVID office building prioritizing health, and wellness, of its tenants with innovative features such as touch- free features, a design with physical distancing in mind and access to tenant-exclusive outdoor spacing. Click Here to Read More
Boutique Hotel: 235 Keys
Ybor City remained the Cigar Capitol of the World until the 1930s
YBOR CITY welcome to
In 2008, 7th Avenue, was recognized as one of the “10 Great Streets in America” by the American Planning Association
ybor city is known as Tampa’s National Historic Landmark District. In the 1880s Ybor City was a melting pot of immigrants from Spain, Cuba, Germany and Italy and home to some of the world’s most famous cigar factories. Today, several structures in the historic district are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Evoking the history of Ybor City, the classic brick streets and historic facades blend
into a distinct sense of culture that enlivens your environment while preserving a rich history of diversity, community and industry.
While it respects its history, Ybor is all about looking forward. There is so much more to explore in Ybor—a lively nightlife, a thriving influx of growing small businesses, eclectic retail stores, a growing number of new residential units and an abundance of diverse and locally-owned restaurants and eateries.
More than a century later and Ybor City continues to be the dynamic, energetic melting pot of Tampa Bay. ( yborcityonline.com )
Office Inventory: 170,148 SF
Hotel / Lodging: 2 Establishments
Food / Beverages: 17 Establishments
Direct Ave Rental Rate: N/A
“This is a time of strong growth for Ashley Furniture, and we’re proud to partner with the city of Tampa, Hillsborough County and the Ybor City business community to build our future in this exciting and historic location.” –ToddWanek, president and CEO of Ashley Furniture Industries
“...because it is ‘where millennials want to be,’” Why Ybor City over San Francisco and New York City?
- Todd Wanek, president and CEO of Ashley Furniture Industries
• The Ritz Ybor performance venue • Ybor City Museum • The Historic Columbia Restaurant • Cigar Industry Historic Tours • Tampa Bay Brewing Company • Cigar City Cider & Mead • Centro Ybor Shopping Center • Tampa Bay Brew Bus • Vibrant nightclub scene, including Prana, the Orpheum, Empire & Crowbar
Major Employers in Ybor City • Kforce • Kitedesk • Ashcomm* (Ashley Furniture Industries: E-Commerce HQ) • Masonite
University Way Precedent Images - billion-dollar redevelopment of shopping mall
I-75 CORRIDOR welcome to the
i-75 submarket spotlight Q3 2020
THE I-75 CORRIDOR IS A KEY MARKET FOR CAMPUS-STYLE CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT
I-75 Office Breakdown
Class C 548,090 , 7%
8800 Hidden River
Class B 3,021,081, 39%
Class A 4,148,334, 54%
Highwoods Preserve VII
Highwoods Preserve V
1Q2020 Tampa Oaks One
Aspen University
Hidden River Corporate Center III United Insurance Management 26,678 New
Hidden River Corporate Center III Datalink Services Fund Solutions
Intellicenter - Tampa Phase I
Overall Leasing Activity and Absorption
Overall Direct Vacancy and Rental Rates
$18.00 $19.00 $20.00 $21.00 $22.00 $23.00 $24.00 $25.00
i-75 corridor Hillsborough County’s I-75 corridor is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious office submarkets in Tampa Bay. The submarket is located in the eastern portion of the County with superior access to Tampa Bay’s major roadways, such as the Selmon Crosstown Expressway, Interstates 75, 275 and 4, US Highway 301, and State Road 60. The submarket’s accessibility and affordability has attracted high profile companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Chase, CitiCorp, Progressive Energy, Coca-Cola, Spectrum, and USAA, which all have large operation centers in the submarket. One reason the area is attractive is because it provides a cost- effective alternative to Tampa’s CBD and Westshore submarkets. It also has significant land that allows for secure multi-building campus style office parks. Its strategic location provides a bridge to the I-4 Corridor and major markets in Central Florida. In late 2017, USAA announced plans to expand upon their existing I-75 Corridor location. The expansion will net a new 240,000 sf office building, create up to 1,215 new jobs, and $164.3 million in capital investment by 2019. The original 420,000 sq. ft. office building served its purpose well, but according to USAA officials the new expansion is part of the “financial services provider’s strategy to meet the evolving needs of its growing membership by attracting the best people in talent-rich regions like Tampa.”
Hotel / Lodging: 106 Establishments
Residential: 242,763 Households
Food / Beverages: 1,010 Establishments
Direct Ave Rental Rate (Class A): $24.93
“Tampa has been a great market for us, and we are thrilled to be expanding our presence in the region.” -Yvette Segura, USAA vice president and general manager in Tampa
Major Employers in the I-75 Corridor • Syniverse • MetLife • USAA • Depository Trust Clearing Corp. • Johnson & Johnson • CitiCorp
Food & Beverages Hotels & Lodging Arts & Entertainment Residential I-75 CORRIDOR Retail has experienced a resurgence in recent years and focused around University Square Mall, the 1.3 msf regional mall with over 160 stores built in 1974. In 2014, RD Management purchased the mall for $29.5 million and recently announced that they will be unveiling a billion-dollar redevelopment plan for the property. Besides benefitting USF and its students, the mall is also located adjacent to one of the country’s leading health institutions, the H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research. The Moffit Cancer Center is located on the USF campus, and includes a hospital clinic, and research facilities. It is consistently ranked as one of the top cancer research facilities in the country and is the only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center based in Florida. The Center has multiple locations in Hillsborough County including an outpatient facility near the Tampa International Airport, a screening center in north Tampa, and an Outpatient Center on McKinley Drive. The system also recently purchased a 300,000 sf industrial building directly across the street from their Outpatient Center.
University of South Florida 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620
NUMBER OF STUDENTS (FALL 2019) 51,000 ENROLLMENT INCREASED 3,773 incoming freshman, marks the largest freshman class in USF history, an increase of more than 15% over last year. NEW CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT • State-of-the-art residence halls at The Village offer expanded housing options for incoming students and upperclassmen
The University of South Florida serves more than 51,000 students at its campuses in Tampa, St. Petersburg and Sarasota-Manatee. These students come from across the United States and more than 141 countries around the globe to achieve their dreams. They don’t just eat, sleep, study and attend class on campus. They reach higher. They collaborate, cultivate, engage, innovate, overcome and flourish. “USF’s national reputation for meaningful research, academic excellence and student success continues to attract exceptionally talented students,” said USF President Steve Currall. “We are committed to providing a transformative educational experience that helps our students achieve their academic and career goals.” Over the past five years, USF has been the fastest-rising university in the nation, public or private, on the U.S. News and World Report's list of best universities. USF ranks as the 44th best public university in America. Their graduate programs continue to number among the best, according to the U.S. News and World Report, with eight programs ranking in the top 50 in 2018.
• four new dining locations cater to the diverse dietary needs of our campus
• The state’s first on-campus Publix Super Market opened in December 2018. With indoor and outdoor seating areas, grab- and-go prepared foods and easy walking access from neighboring residence halls, the new grocery store is a superb shopping and dining option for students.
usf.edu
One of the Most Family-Friendly Cities - Homes.com, 2019
Top 10 Best Big Cities in the U.S. - Condé Nast Traveler, 2020 Readers' Choice Awards
ST. PETERSBURG welcome to
#1 Best Cities for Women to Start a Business - Business.org, 2018
Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1982 | {"url": "https://cushwake.cld.bz/Engage-in-Tampa-Bay2", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cushwake.cld.bz", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:00:24Z", "digest": "sha1:HKTDMBHPMG2YO542H77ZBM54IIT2IA22"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 40836, 40836.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 40836, 46148.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 40836, 314.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 40836, 737.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 40836, 0.86]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 40836, 305.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 40836, 0.20112159]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 40836, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 40836, 0.0318855]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 40836, 0.01217051]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 40836, 0.00987302]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 40836, 0.00698563]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 40836, 0.00620944]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 40836, 0.00369462]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 40836, 0.08513892]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 40836, 0.2838389]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 40836, 0.33627288]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 40836, 5.35923461]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 40836, 0.054805]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 40836, 6.54909088]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 40836, 6010.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 20, 0.0], [20, 53, 0.0], [53, 81, 0.0], [81, 115, 0.0], [115, 173, 0.0], [173, 906, 1.0], [906, 1157, 1.0], [1157, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1261, 0.0], [1261, 1452, 0.0], [1452, 1478, 0.0], [1478, 5292, 0.0], [5292, 5403, 0.0], [5403, 5425, 0.0], [5425, 5507, 0.0], [5507, 6201, 1.0], [6201, 6371, 0.0], [6371, 6386, 0.0], [6386, 6407, 0.0], [6407, 6512, 0.0], [6512, 6531, 0.0], [6531, 6593, 0.0], [6593, 6631, 0.0], [6631, 6745, 0.0], [6745, 6828, 0.0], [6828, 6849, 0.0], [6849, 6877, 0.0], [6877, 7211, 0.0], [7211, 7485, 0.0], [7485, 7879, 0.0], [7879, 7930, 0.0], [7930, 8108, 0.0], [8108, 8140, 0.0], [8140, 8210, 0.0], [8210, 8233, 0.0], [8233, 8253, 0.0], [8253, 8283, 0.0], [8283, 8598, 1.0], [8598, 8632, 0.0], [8632, 8666, 0.0], [8666, 9082, 0.0], [9082, 9142, 0.0], [9142, 9166, 0.0], [9166, 9514, 0.0], [9514, 9551, 0.0], [9551, 9574, 0.0], [9574, 9599, 0.0], [9599, 9622, 0.0], [9622, 9639, 0.0], [9639, 10294, 0.0], [10294, 10434, 0.0], [10434, 10457, 0.0], [10457, 10482, 0.0], [10482, 11506, 1.0], [11506, 11529, 0.0], [11529, 11554, 0.0], [11554, 11568, 0.0], [11568, 11600, 1.0], [11600, 11633, 0.0], [11633, 11646, 0.0], [11646, 11898, 1.0], [11898, 11921, 0.0], [11921, 11958, 0.0], [11958, 14638, 1.0], [14638, 14686, 0.0], [14686, 14754, 0.0], [14754, 14774, 0.0], [14774, 14793, 0.0], [14793, 14814, 0.0], [14814, 14851, 0.0], [14851, 14874, 0.0], [14874, 14900, 0.0], [14900, 14918, 0.0], [14918, 14970, 0.0], [14970, 14984, 0.0], [14984, 14999, 0.0], [14999, 15029, 0.0], [15029, 15043, 0.0], [15043, 15101, 0.0], [15101, 15139, 0.0], [15139, 15153, 0.0], [15153, 15192, 0.0], [15192, 15233, 0.0], [15233, 15247, 0.0], [15247, 15260, 0.0], [15260, 15283, 0.0], [15283, 15297, 0.0], [15297, 15309, 0.0], [15309, 15325, 0.0], [15325, 15349, 0.0], [15349, 15399, 0.0], [15399, 15426, 0.0], [15426, 15463, 0.0], [15463, 15489, 0.0], [15489, 15505, 0.0], [15505, 15782, 1.0], [15782, 15814, 0.0], [15814, 15829, 0.0], [15829, 15840, 0.0], [15840, 15849, 0.0], [15849, 16022, 0.0], [16022, 16036, 0.0], [16036, 16061, 0.0], [16061, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16095, 0.0], [16095, 16110, 0.0], [16110, 16147, 0.0], [16147, 16201, 0.0], [16201, 16211, 0.0], [16211, 16234, 0.0], [16234, 16503, 0.0], [16503, 16515, 0.0], [16515, 16536, 0.0], [16536, 16560, 0.0], [16560, 16583, 0.0], [16583, 16700, 1.0], [16700, 16706, 0.0], [16706, 16713, 0.0], [16713, 16725, 1.0], [16725, 16746, 0.0], [16746, 16758, 0.0], [16758, 16796, 0.0], [16796, 16809, 0.0], [16809, 16816, 0.0], [16816, 16901, 0.0], [16901, 16918, 0.0], [16918, 16931, 0.0], [16931, 16939, 0.0], [16939, 17017, 0.0], [17017, 17041, 0.0], [17041, 17083, 0.0], [17083, 17093, 0.0], [17093, 17105, 0.0], [17105, 17124, 0.0], [17124, 17154, 0.0], [17154, 17161, 0.0], [17161, 17172, 0.0], [17172, 17189, 0.0], [17189, 17208, 0.0], [17208, 17226, 0.0], [17226, 17241, 0.0], [17241, 17263, 0.0], [17263, 17275, 0.0], [17275, 17291, 0.0], [17291, 17331, 0.0], [17331, 17368, 0.0], [17368, 17381, 0.0], [17381, 17430, 0.0], [17430, 17466, 0.0], [17466, 17492, 0.0], [17492, 17517, 0.0], [17517, 17533, 0.0], [17533, 17550, 0.0], [17550, 17590, 0.0], [17590, 17622, 0.0], [17622, 17642, 0.0], [17642, 17667, 0.0], [17667, 17678, 0.0], [17678, 17693, 0.0], [17693, 17733, 0.0], [17733, 17815, 0.0], [17815, 17832, 0.0], [17832, 17854, 0.0], [17854, 18249, 1.0], [18249, 18848, 0.0], [18848, 18882, 0.0], [18882, 18923, 0.0], [18923, 18958, 0.0], [18958, 18991, 0.0], [18991, 19267, 1.0], [19267, 19304, 0.0], [19304, 19346, 0.0], [19346, 19849, 0.0], [19849, 20282, 0.0], [20282, 20402, 0.0], [20402, 20662, 0.0], [20662, 20729, 0.0], [20729, 20763, 0.0], [20763, 20963, 0.0], [20963, 21496, 1.0], [21496, 21548, 0.0], [21548, 21907, 0.0], [21907, 22743, 0.0], [22743, 22762, 0.0], [22762, 23500, 1.0], [23500, 23537, 0.0], [23537, 23557, 0.0], [23557, 24119, 0.0], [24119, 24822, 0.0], [24822, 25282, 0.0], [25282, 25400, 0.0], [25400, 25483, 0.0], [25483, 25504, 0.0], [25504, 25542, 0.0], [25542, 25628, 0.0], [25628, 25658, 0.0], [25658, 25719, 0.0], [25719, 25753, 0.0], [25753, 25775, 0.0], [25775, 25789, 0.0], [25789, 25812, 0.0], [25812, 25824, 0.0], [25824, 25848, 0.0], [25848, 25872, 0.0], [25872, 25908, 0.0], [25908, 25924, 0.0], [25924, 25943, 0.0], [25943, 25954, 0.0], [25954, 25969, 0.0], [25969, 25984, 0.0], [25984, 26002, 0.0], [26002, 26026, 0.0], [26026, 26046, 0.0], [26046, 26059, 0.0], [26059, 26071, 0.0], [26071, 26092, 0.0], [26092, 26113, 0.0], [26113, 26134, 0.0], [26134, 26152, 0.0], [26152, 26166, 0.0], [26166, 26198, 0.0], [26198, 26240, 0.0], [26240, 26274, 0.0], [26274, 26308, 0.0], [26308, 26336, 0.0], [26336, 26364, 0.0], [26364, 26438, 0.0], [26438, 26477, 0.0], [26477, 26647, 1.0], [26647, 26724, 0.0], [26724, 27751, 0.0], [27751, 27786, 0.0], [27786, 27820, 0.0], [27820, 28284, 0.0], [28284, 28319, 0.0], [28319, 28405, 0.0], [28405, 28506, 0.0], [28506, 28583, 0.0], [28583, 29412, 0.0], [29412, 29450, 0.0], [29450, 30045, 0.0], [30045, 30779, 1.0], [30779, 30831, 0.0], [30831, 30865, 0.0], [30865, 30935, 0.0], [30935, 30969, 0.0], [30969, 31012, 0.0], [31012, 31026, 0.0], [31026, 31064, 0.0], [31064, 31105, 0.0], [31105, 31125, 0.0], [31125, 31190, 0.0], [31190, 31239, 0.0], [31239, 31294, 0.0], [31294, 31307, 0.0], [31307, 31326, 0.0], [31326, 31996, 0.0], [31996, 32057, 0.0], [32057, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32372, 0.0], [32372, 32438, 0.0], [32438, 32459, 0.0], [32459, 32576, 0.0], [32576, 32989, 0.0], [32989, 33123, 1.0], [33123, 33435, 1.0], [33435, 33563, 0.0], [33563, 33592, 0.0], [33592, 33626, 0.0], [33626, 33662, 0.0], [33662, 33690, 0.0], [33690, 33975, 0.0], [33975, 34078, 1.0], [34078, 34141, 0.0], [34141, 34440, 0.0], [34440, 34556, 0.0], [34556, 34636, 0.0], [34636, 34665, 0.0], [34665, 34698, 0.0], [34698, 34771, 0.0], [34771, 34793, 0.0], [34793, 34814, 0.0], [34814, 34832, 0.0], [34832, 34855, 0.0], [34855, 34878, 0.0], [34878, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34922, 0.0], [34922, 34944, 0.0], [34944, 34961, 0.0], [34961, 35034, 0.0], [35034, 35101, 0.0], [35101, 35131, 0.0], [35131, 35171, 0.0], [35171, 35211, 0.0], [35211, 35267, 0.0], [35267, 36693, 1.0], [36693, 36729, 0.0], [36729, 36761, 0.0], [36761, 36800, 0.0], [36800, 36841, 0.0], [36841, 37010, 0.0], [37010, 37141, 0.0], [37141, 38346, 1.0], [38346, 38409, 0.0], [38409, 38731, 0.0], [38731, 39826, 1.0], [39826, 39903, 0.0], [39903, 40178, 1.0], [40178, 40186, 0.0], [40186, 40243, 0.0], [40243, 40329, 0.0], [40329, 40355, 0.0], [40355, 40421, 0.0], [40421, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 20, 0.0], [20, 53, 0.0], [53, 81, 0.0], [81, 115, 0.0], [115, 173, 0.0], [173, 906, 0.0], [906, 1157, 0.0], [1157, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1261, 0.0], [1261, 1452, 0.0], [1452, 1478, 0.0], [1478, 5292, 0.0], [5292, 5403, 0.0], [5403, 5425, 0.0], [5425, 5507, 0.0], [5507, 6201, 0.0], [6201, 6371, 0.0], [6371, 6386, 0.0], [6386, 6407, 0.0], [6407, 6512, 0.0], [6512, 6531, 0.0], [6531, 6593, 0.0], [6593, 6631, 0.0], [6631, 6745, 0.0], [6745, 6828, 0.0], [6828, 6849, 0.0], [6849, 6877, 0.0], [6877, 7211, 0.0], [7211, 7485, 0.0], [7485, 7879, 0.0], [7879, 7930, 0.0], [7930, 8108, 0.0], [8108, 8140, 0.0], [8140, 8210, 0.0], [8210, 8233, 0.0], [8233, 8253, 0.0], [8253, 8283, 0.0], [8283, 8598, 0.0], [8598, 8632, 0.0], [8632, 8666, 0.0], [8666, 9082, 0.0], [9082, 9142, 0.0], [9142, 9166, 0.0], [9166, 9514, 0.0], [9514, 9551, 0.0], [9551, 9574, 0.0], [9574, 9599, 0.0], [9599, 9622, 0.0], [9622, 9639, 0.0], [9639, 10294, 0.0], [10294, 10434, 0.0], [10434, 10457, 0.0], [10457, 10482, 0.0], [10482, 11506, 0.0], [11506, 11529, 0.0], [11529, 11554, 0.0], [11554, 11568, 0.0], [11568, 11600, 0.0], [11600, 11633, 0.0], [11633, 11646, 0.0], [11646, 11898, 0.0], [11898, 11921, 0.0], [11921, 11958, 0.0], [11958, 14638, 0.0], [14638, 14686, 0.0], [14686, 14754, 0.0], [14754, 14774, 0.0], [14774, 14793, 0.0], [14793, 14814, 0.0], [14814, 14851, 0.0], [14851, 14874, 0.0], [14874, 14900, 0.0], [14900, 14918, 0.0], [14918, 14970, 0.0], [14970, 14984, 0.0], [14984, 14999, 0.0], [14999, 15029, 0.0], [15029, 15043, 0.0], [15043, 15101, 0.0], [15101, 15139, 0.0], [15139, 15153, 0.0], [15153, 15192, 0.0], [15192, 15233, 0.0], [15233, 15247, 0.0], [15247, 15260, 0.0], [15260, 15283, 0.0], [15283, 15297, 0.0], [15297, 15309, 0.0], [15309, 15325, 0.0], [15325, 15349, 0.0], [15349, 15399, 0.0], [15399, 15426, 0.0], [15426, 15463, 0.0], [15463, 15489, 0.0], [15489, 15505, 0.0], [15505, 15782, 0.0], [15782, 15814, 0.0], [15814, 15829, 0.0], [15829, 15840, 0.0], [15840, 15849, 0.0], [15849, 16022, 0.0], [16022, 16036, 0.0], [16036, 16061, 0.0], [16061, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16095, 0.0], [16095, 16110, 0.0], [16110, 16147, 0.0], [16147, 16201, 0.0], [16201, 16211, 0.0], [16211, 16234, 0.0], [16234, 16503, 0.0], [16503, 16515, 0.0], [16515, 16536, 0.0], [16536, 16560, 0.0], [16560, 16583, 0.0], [16583, 16700, 0.0], [16700, 16706, 0.0], [16706, 16713, 0.0], [16713, 16725, 0.0], [16725, 16746, 0.0], [16746, 16758, 0.0], [16758, 16796, 0.0], [16796, 16809, 0.0], [16809, 16816, 0.0], [16816, 16901, 0.0], [16901, 16918, 0.0], [16918, 16931, 0.0], [16931, 16939, 0.0], [16939, 17017, 0.0], [17017, 17041, 0.0], [17041, 17083, 0.0], [17083, 17093, 0.0], [17093, 17105, 0.0], [17105, 17124, 0.0], [17124, 17154, 0.0], [17154, 17161, 0.0], [17161, 17172, 0.0], [17172, 17189, 0.0], [17189, 17208, 0.0], [17208, 17226, 0.0], [17226, 17241, 0.0], [17241, 17263, 0.0], [17263, 17275, 0.0], [17275, 17291, 0.0], [17291, 17331, 0.0], [17331, 17368, 0.0], [17368, 17381, 0.0], [17381, 17430, 0.0], [17430, 17466, 0.0], [17466, 17492, 0.0], [17492, 17517, 0.0], [17517, 17533, 0.0], [17533, 17550, 0.0], [17550, 17590, 0.0], [17590, 17622, 0.0], [17622, 17642, 0.0], [17642, 17667, 0.0], [17667, 17678, 0.0], [17678, 17693, 0.0], [17693, 17733, 0.0], [17733, 17815, 0.0], [17815, 17832, 0.0], [17832, 17854, 0.0], [17854, 18249, 0.0], [18249, 18848, 0.0], [18848, 18882, 0.0], [18882, 18923, 0.0], [18923, 18958, 0.0], [18958, 18991, 0.0], [18991, 19267, 0.0], [19267, 19304, 0.0], [19304, 19346, 0.0], [19346, 19849, 0.0], [19849, 20282, 0.0], [20282, 20402, 0.0], [20402, 20662, 0.0], [20662, 20729, 0.0], [20729, 20763, 0.0], [20763, 20963, 0.0], [20963, 21496, 0.0], [21496, 21548, 0.0], [21548, 21907, 0.0], [21907, 22743, 0.0], [22743, 22762, 0.0], [22762, 23500, 0.0], [23500, 23537, 0.0], [23537, 23557, 0.0], [23557, 24119, 0.0], [24119, 24822, 0.0], [24822, 25282, 0.0], [25282, 25400, 0.0], [25400, 25483, 0.0], [25483, 25504, 0.0], [25504, 25542, 0.0], [25542, 25628, 0.0], [25628, 25658, 0.0], [25658, 25719, 0.0], [25719, 25753, 0.0], [25753, 25775, 0.0], [25775, 25789, 0.0], [25789, 25812, 0.0], [25812, 25824, 0.0], [25824, 25848, 0.0], [25848, 25872, 0.0], [25872, 25908, 0.0], [25908, 25924, 0.0], [25924, 25943, 0.0], [25943, 25954, 0.0], [25954, 25969, 0.0], [25969, 25984, 0.0], [25984, 26002, 0.0], [26002, 26026, 0.0], [26026, 26046, 0.0], [26046, 26059, 0.0], [26059, 26071, 0.0], [26071, 26092, 0.0], [26092, 26113, 0.0], [26113, 26134, 0.0], [26134, 26152, 0.0], [26152, 26166, 0.0], [26166, 26198, 0.0], [26198, 26240, 0.0], [26240, 26274, 0.0], [26274, 26308, 0.0], [26308, 26336, 0.0], [26336, 26364, 0.0], [26364, 26438, 0.0], [26438, 26477, 0.0], [26477, 26647, 0.0], [26647, 26724, 0.0], [26724, 27751, 0.0], [27751, 27786, 0.0], [27786, 27820, 0.0], [27820, 28284, 0.0], [28284, 28319, 0.0], [28319, 28405, 0.0], [28405, 28506, 0.0], [28506, 28583, 0.0], [28583, 29412, 0.0], [29412, 29450, 0.0], [29450, 30045, 0.0], [30045, 30779, 0.0], [30779, 30831, 0.0], [30831, 30865, 0.0], [30865, 30935, 0.0], [30935, 30969, 0.0], [30969, 31012, 0.0], [31012, 31026, 0.0], [31026, 31064, 0.0], [31064, 31105, 0.0], [31105, 31125, 0.0], [31125, 31190, 0.0], [31190, 31239, 0.0], [31239, 31294, 0.0], [31294, 31307, 0.0], [31307, 31326, 0.0], [31326, 31996, 0.0], [31996, 32057, 0.0], [32057, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32372, 0.0], [32372, 32438, 0.0], [32438, 32459, 0.0], [32459, 32576, 0.0], [32576, 32989, 0.0], [32989, 33123, 0.0], [33123, 33435, 0.0], [33435, 33563, 0.0], [33563, 33592, 0.0], [33592, 33626, 0.0], [33626, 33662, 0.0], [33662, 33690, 0.0], [33690, 33975, 0.0], [33975, 34078, 0.0], [34078, 34141, 0.0], [34141, 34440, 0.0], [34440, 34556, 0.0], [34556, 34636, 0.0], [34636, 34665, 0.0], [34665, 34698, 0.0], [34698, 34771, 0.0], [34771, 34793, 0.0], [34793, 34814, 0.0], [34814, 34832, 0.0], [34832, 34855, 0.0], [34855, 34878, 0.0], [34878, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34922, 0.0], [34922, 34944, 0.0], [34944, 34961, 0.0], [34961, 35034, 0.0], [35034, 35101, 0.0], [35101, 35131, 0.0], [35131, 35171, 0.0], [35171, 35211, 0.0], [35211, 35267, 0.0], [35267, 36693, 0.0], [36693, 36729, 0.0], [36729, 36761, 0.0], [36761, 36800, 0.0], [36800, 36841, 0.0], [36841, 37010, 0.0], [37010, 37141, 0.0], [37141, 38346, 0.0], [38346, 38409, 0.0], [38409, 38731, 0.0], [38731, 39826, 0.0], [39826, 39903, 0.0], [39903, 40178, 0.0], [40178, 40186, 0.0], [40186, 40243, 0.0], [40243, 40329, 0.0], [40329, 40355, 0.0], [40355, 40421, 0.0], [40421, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 20, 4.0], [20, 53, 7.0], [53, 81, 6.0], [81, 115, 5.0], [115, 173, 8.0], [173, 906, 114.0], [906, 1157, 38.0], [1157, 1186, 5.0], [1186, 1261, 11.0], [1261, 1452, 14.0], [1452, 1478, 1.0], [1478, 5292, 268.0], [5292, 5403, 10.0], [5403, 5425, 3.0], [5425, 5507, 12.0], [5507, 6201, 111.0], [6201, 6371, 29.0], [6371, 6386, 3.0], [6386, 6407, 4.0], [6407, 6512, 18.0], [6512, 6531, 3.0], [6531, 6593, 9.0], [6593, 6631, 6.0], [6631, 6745, 16.0], [6745, 6828, 12.0], [6828, 6849, 4.0], [6849, 6877, 5.0], [6877, 7211, 58.0], [7211, 7485, 40.0], [7485, 7879, 64.0], [7879, 7930, 9.0], [7930, 8108, 28.0], [8108, 8140, 3.0], [8140, 8210, 13.0], [8210, 8233, 4.0], [8233, 8253, 3.0], [8253, 8283, 4.0], [8283, 8598, 49.0], [8598, 8632, 5.0], [8632, 8666, 4.0], [8666, 9082, 66.0], [9082, 9142, 9.0], [9142, 9166, 3.0], [9166, 9514, 52.0], [9514, 9551, 4.0], [9551, 9574, 3.0], [9574, 9599, 4.0], [9599, 9622, 2.0], [9622, 9639, 2.0], [9639, 10294, 101.0], [10294, 10434, 19.0], [10434, 10457, 4.0], [10457, 10482, 3.0], [10482, 11506, 153.0], [11506, 11529, 3.0], [11529, 11554, 3.0], [11554, 11568, 2.0], [11568, 11600, 6.0], [11600, 11633, 4.0], [11633, 11646, 3.0], [11646, 11898, 40.0], [11898, 11921, 3.0], [11921, 11958, 6.0], [11958, 14638, 430.0], [14638, 14686, 7.0], [14686, 14754, 12.0], [14754, 14774, 4.0], [14774, 14793, 3.0], [14793, 14814, 3.0], [14814, 14851, 5.0], [14851, 14874, 3.0], [14874, 14900, 3.0], [14900, 14918, 3.0], [14918, 14970, 7.0], [14970, 14984, 2.0], [14984, 14999, 2.0], [14999, 15029, 5.0], [15029, 15043, 2.0], [15043, 15101, 9.0], [15101, 15139, 6.0], [15139, 15153, 2.0], [15153, 15192, 5.0], [15192, 15233, 7.0], [15233, 15247, 2.0], [15247, 15260, 1.0], [15260, 15283, 1.0], [15283, 15297, 2.0], [15297, 15309, 2.0], [15309, 15325, 2.0], [15325, 15349, 4.0], [15349, 15399, 8.0], [15399, 15426, 4.0], [15426, 15463, 5.0], [15463, 15489, 3.0], [15489, 15505, 2.0], [15505, 15782, 40.0], [15782, 15814, 5.0], [15814, 15829, 2.0], [15829, 15840, 2.0], [15840, 15849, 2.0], [15849, 16022, 27.0], [16022, 16036, 2.0], [16036, 16061, 3.0], [16061, 16075, 3.0], [16075, 16095, 2.0], [16095, 16110, 3.0], [16110, 16147, 4.0], [16147, 16201, 8.0], [16201, 16211, 2.0], [16211, 16234, 2.0], [16234, 16503, 42.0], [16503, 16515, 2.0], [16515, 16536, 3.0], [16536, 16560, 3.0], [16560, 16583, 4.0], [16583, 16700, 17.0], [16700, 16706, 2.0], [16706, 16713, 1.0], [16713, 16725, 2.0], [16725, 16746, 4.0], [16746, 16758, 2.0], [16758, 16796, 6.0], [16796, 16809, 2.0], [16809, 16816, 1.0], [16816, 16901, 13.0], [16901, 16918, 2.0], [16918, 16931, 1.0], [16931, 16939, 2.0], [16939, 17017, 13.0], [17017, 17041, 3.0], [17041, 17083, 6.0], [17083, 17093, 2.0], [17093, 17105, 2.0], [17105, 17124, 3.0], [17124, 17154, 4.0], [17154, 17161, 1.0], [17161, 17172, 2.0], [17172, 17189, 3.0], [17189, 17208, 3.0], [17208, 17226, 3.0], [17226, 17241, 2.0], [17241, 17263, 3.0], [17263, 17275, 1.0], [17275, 17291, 3.0], [17291, 17331, 7.0], [17331, 17368, 5.0], [17368, 17381, 2.0], [17381, 17430, 7.0], [17430, 17466, 6.0], [17466, 17492, 3.0], [17492, 17517, 5.0], [17517, 17533, 2.0], [17533, 17550, 2.0], [17550, 17590, 5.0], [17590, 17622, 5.0], [17622, 17642, 3.0], [17642, 17667, 4.0], [17667, 17678, 2.0], [17678, 17693, 2.0], [17693, 17733, 6.0], [17733, 17815, 11.0], [17815, 17832, 2.0], [17832, 17854, 3.0], [17854, 18249, 57.0], [18249, 18848, 92.0], [18848, 18882, 4.0], [18882, 18923, 6.0], [18923, 18958, 4.0], [18958, 18991, 4.0], [18991, 19267, 43.0], [19267, 19304, 4.0], [19304, 19346, 7.0], [19346, 19849, 80.0], [19849, 20282, 76.0], [20282, 20402, 22.0], [20402, 20662, 36.0], [20662, 20729, 7.0], [20729, 20763, 4.0], [20763, 20963, 34.0], [20963, 21496, 88.0], [21496, 21548, 7.0], [21548, 21907, 60.0], [21907, 22743, 129.0], [22743, 22762, 4.0], [22762, 23500, 113.0], [23500, 23537, 5.0], [23537, 23557, 4.0], [23557, 24119, 82.0], [24119, 24822, 104.0], [24822, 25282, 71.0], [25282, 25400, 20.0], [25400, 25483, 11.0], [25483, 25504, 3.0], [25504, 25542, 5.0], [25542, 25628, 13.0], [25628, 25658, 3.0], [25658, 25719, 9.0], [25719, 25753, 4.0], [25753, 25775, 4.0], [25775, 25789, 2.0], [25789, 25812, 2.0], [25812, 25824, 2.0], [25824, 25848, 4.0], [25848, 25872, 4.0], [25872, 25908, 5.0], [25908, 25924, 2.0], [25924, 25943, 2.0], [25943, 25954, 2.0], [25954, 25969, 2.0], [25969, 25984, 2.0], [25984, 26002, 2.0], [26002, 26026, 6.0], [26026, 26046, 3.0], [26046, 26059, 2.0], [26059, 26071, 2.0], [26071, 26092, 3.0], [26092, 26113, 3.0], [26113, 26134, 2.0], [26134, 26152, 3.0], [26152, 26166, 2.0], [26166, 26198, 4.0], [26198, 26240, 6.0], [26240, 26274, 6.0], [26274, 26308, 6.0], [26308, 26336, 5.0], [26336, 26364, 5.0], [26364, 26438, 10.0], [26438, 26477, 5.0], [26477, 26647, 27.0], [26647, 26724, 14.0], [26724, 27751, 154.0], [27751, 27786, 4.0], [27786, 27820, 4.0], [27820, 28284, 84.0], [28284, 28319, 4.0], [28319, 28405, 12.0], [28405, 28506, 17.0], [28506, 28583, 8.0], [28583, 29412, 127.0], [29412, 29450, 4.0], [29450, 30045, 92.0], [30045, 30779, 110.0], [30779, 30831, 9.0], [30831, 30865, 5.0], [30865, 30935, 13.0], [30935, 30969, 5.0], [30969, 31012, 7.0], [31012, 31026, 2.0], [31026, 31064, 6.0], [31064, 31105, 6.0], [31105, 31125, 3.0], [31125, 31190, 9.0], [31190, 31239, 8.0], [31239, 31294, 8.0], [31294, 31307, 3.0], [31307, 31326, 3.0], [31326, 31996, 115.0], [31996, 32057, 9.0], [32057, 32347, 45.0], [32347, 32372, 4.0], [32372, 32438, 12.0], [32438, 32459, 4.0], [32459, 32576, 20.0], [32576, 32989, 68.0], [32989, 33123, 20.0], [33123, 33435, 49.0], [33435, 33563, 20.0], [33563, 33592, 4.0], [33592, 33626, 4.0], [33626, 33662, 4.0], [33662, 33690, 5.0], [33690, 33975, 46.0], [33975, 34078, 18.0], [34078, 34141, 9.0], [34141, 34440, 50.0], [34440, 34556, 18.0], [34556, 34636, 9.0], [34636, 34665, 5.0], [34665, 34698, 5.0], [34698, 34771, 11.0], [34771, 34793, 3.0], [34793, 34814, 4.0], [34814, 34832, 3.0], [34832, 34855, 4.0], [34855, 34878, 4.0], [34878, 34901, 3.0], [34901, 34922, 3.0], [34922, 34944, 4.0], [34944, 34961, 2.0], [34961, 35034, 10.0], [35034, 35101, 9.0], [35101, 35131, 4.0], [35131, 35171, 5.0], [35171, 35211, 6.0], [35211, 35267, 8.0], [35267, 36693, 222.0], [36693, 36729, 4.0], [36729, 36761, 3.0], [36761, 36800, 4.0], [36800, 36841, 7.0], [36841, 37010, 30.0], [37010, 37141, 22.0], [37141, 38346, 181.0], [38346, 38409, 11.0], [38409, 38731, 47.0], [38731, 39826, 167.0], [39826, 39903, 14.0], [39903, 40178, 43.0], [40178, 40186, 1.0], [40186, 40243, 8.0], [40243, 40329, 15.0], [40329, 40355, 4.0], [40355, 40421, 11.0], [40421, 40836, 106.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 20, 0.0], [20, 53, 0.03125], [53, 81, 0.18518519], [81, 115, 0.0], [115, 173, 0.0], [173, 906, 0.01958042], [906, 1157, 0.0], [1157, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1261, 0.02777778], [1261, 1452, 0.01183432], [1452, 1478, 0.0], [1478, 5292, 0.01331182], [5292, 5403, 0.0], [5403, 5425, 0.05263158], [5425, 5507, 0.06329114], [5507, 6201, 0.00298507], [6201, 6371, 0.00609756], [6371, 6386, 0.07692308], [6386, 6407, 0.1], [6407, 6512, 0.04], [6512, 6531, 0.0625], [6531, 6593, 0.0], [6593, 6631, 0.08823529], [6631, 6745, 0.0], [6745, 6828, 0.0], [6828, 6849, 0.15789474], [6849, 6877, 0.15384615], [6877, 7211, 0.05521472], [7211, 7485, 0.03846154], [7485, 7879, 0.02122016], [7879, 7930, 0.06122449], [7930, 8108, 0.01169591], [8108, 8140, 0.0], [8140, 8210, 0.07575758], [8210, 8233, 0.0], [8233, 8253, 0.15789474], [8253, 8283, 0.2962963], [8283, 8598, 0.00668896], [8598, 8632, 0.22580645], [8632, 8666, 0.0], [8666, 9082, 0.11764706], [9082, 9142, 0.09259259], [9142, 9166, 0.25], [9166, 9514, 0.13213213], [9514, 9551, 0.36666667], [9551, 9574, 0.36842105], [9574, 9599, 0.14285714], [9599, 9622, 0.36842105], [9622, 9639, 0.0], [9639, 10294, 0.0], [10294, 10434, 0.06716418], [10434, 10457, 0.0], [10457, 10482, 0.0], [10482, 11506, 0.01510574], [11506, 11529, 0.0], [11529, 11554, 0.04166667], [11554, 11568, 0.07692308], [11568, 11600, 0.03448276], [11600, 11633, 0.0], [11633, 11646, 0.08333333], [11646, 11898, 0.02459016], [11898, 11921, 0.1], [11921, 11958, 0.13888889], [11958, 14638, 0.05562038], [14638, 14686, 0.0], [14686, 14754, 0.0], [14754, 14774, 0.0], [14774, 14793, 0.0], [14793, 14814, 0.0], [14814, 14851, 0.15151515], [14851, 14874, 0.0], [14874, 14900, 0.0], [14900, 14918, 0.0], [14918, 14970, 0.125], [14970, 14984, 0.0], [14984, 14999, 0.0], [14999, 15029, 0.0], [15029, 15043, 0.0], [15043, 15101, 0.11111111], [15101, 15139, 0.17647059], [15139, 15153, 0.0], [15153, 15192, 0.17142857], [15192, 15233, 0.16666667], [15233, 15247, 0.0], [15247, 15260, 0.0], [15260, 15283, 0.0], [15283, 15297, 0.0], [15297, 15309, 0.0], [15309, 15325, 0.2], [15325, 15349, 0.0], [15349, 15399, 0.15217391], [15399, 15426, 0.0], [15426, 15463, 0.15151515], [15463, 15489, 0.16], [15489, 15505, 0.26666667], [15505, 15782, 0.01481481], [15782, 15814, 0.25806452], [15814, 15829, 0.0], [15829, 15840, 0.0], [15840, 15849, 0.375], [15849, 16022, 0.18831169], [16022, 16036, 0.16666667], [16036, 16061, 0.0], [16061, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16095, 0.0], [16095, 16110, 0.0], [16110, 16147, 0.0], [16147, 16201, 0.16666667], [16201, 16211, 0.0], [16211, 16234, 0.0], [16234, 16503, 0.18410042], [16503, 16515, 0.0], [16515, 16536, 0.0], [16536, 16560, 0.0], [16560, 16583, 0.0], [16583, 16700, 0.0], [16700, 16706, 0.0], [16706, 16713, 0.0], [16713, 16725, 0.0], [16725, 16746, 0.0], [16746, 16758, 0.0], [16758, 16796, 0.13513514], [16796, 16809, 0.0], [16809, 16816, 0.0], [16816, 16901, 0.11392405], [16901, 16918, 0.0], [16918, 16931, 0.0], [16931, 16939, 0.0], [16939, 17017, 0.02631579], [17017, 17041, 0.0], [17041, 17083, 0.0], [17083, 17093, 0.0], [17093, 17105, 0.0], [17105, 17124, 0.46666667], [17124, 17154, 0.0], [17154, 17161, 0.83333333], [17161, 17172, 0.55555556], [17172, 17189, 0.42857143], [17189, 17208, 0.46666667], [17208, 17226, 0.0], [17226, 17241, 0.38461538], [17241, 17263, 0.23809524], [17263, 17275, 0.0], [17275, 17291, 0.2], [17291, 17331, 0.0], [17331, 17368, 0.14705882], [17368, 17381, 0.0], [17381, 17430, 0.82352941], [17430, 17466, 0.7826087], [17466, 17492, 0.0], [17492, 17517, 0.71428571], [17517, 17533, 0.0], [17533, 17550, 0.0], [17550, 17590, 0.14705882], [17590, 17622, 0.0], [17622, 17642, 0.0], [17642, 17667, 0.20833333], [17667, 17678, 0.0], [17678, 17693, 0.0], [17693, 17733, 0.0], [17733, 17815, 0.85507246], [17815, 17832, 0.0], [17832, 17854, 0.0], [17854, 18249, 0.0], [18249, 18848, 0.01032702], [18848, 18882, 0.12903226], [18882, 18923, 0.2], [18923, 18958, 0.06451613], [18958, 18991, 0.13333333], [18991, 19267, 0.01476015], [19267, 19304, 0.09090909], [19304, 19346, 0.11428571], [19346, 19849, 0.00204499], [19849, 20282, 0.00702576], [20282, 20402, 0.0], [20402, 20662, 0.0], [20662, 20729, 0.0], [20729, 20763, 0.16129032], [20763, 20963, 0.0], [20963, 21496, 0.00384615], [21496, 21548, 0.0], [21548, 21907, 0.16470588], [21907, 22743, 0.05904059], [22743, 22762, 0.05555556], [22762, 23500, 0.04360056], [23500, 23537, 0.0], [23537, 23557, 0.0], [23557, 24119, 0.01457195], [24119, 24822, 0.02980626], [24822, 25282, 0.01573034], [25282, 25400, 0.05309735], [25400, 25483, 0.0], [25483, 25504, 0.0], [25504, 25542, 0.13513514], [25542, 25628, 0.125], [25628, 25658, 0.0], [25658, 25719, 0.0], [25719, 25753, 0.0], [25753, 25775, 0.47058824], [25775, 25789, 0.0], [25789, 25812, 0.0], [25812, 25824, 0.6], [25824, 25848, 0.5], [25848, 25872, 0.5], [25872, 25908, 0.0], [25908, 25924, 0.42857143], [25924, 25943, 0.0], [25943, 25954, 0.0], [25954, 25969, 0.0], [25969, 25984, 0.0], [25984, 26002, 0.0], [26002, 26026, 0.0], [26026, 26046, 0.0], [26046, 26059, 0.0], [26059, 26071, 0.0], [26071, 26092, 0.0], [26092, 26113, 0.25], [26113, 26134, 0.0], [26134, 26152, 0.29411765], [26152, 26166, 0.0], [26166, 26198, 0.0], [26198, 26240, 0.0], [26240, 26274, 0.0], [26274, 26308, 0.0], [26308, 26336, 0.0], [26336, 26364, 0.0], [26364, 26438, 0.859375], [26438, 26477, 0.0], [26477, 26647, 0.01807229], [26647, 26724, 0.17808219], [26724, 27751, 0.014], [27751, 27786, 0.15625], [27786, 27820, 0.16129032], [27820, 28284, 0.0045045], [28284, 28319, 0.1875], [28319, 28405, 0.0], [28405, 28506, 0.0], [28506, 28583, 0.0], [28583, 29412, 0.02083333], [29412, 29450, 0.0], [29450, 30045, 0.03298611], [30045, 30779, 0.02367688], [30779, 30831, 0.0], [30831, 30865, 0.1875], [30865, 30935, 0.14925373], [30935, 30969, 0.1875], [30969, 31012, 0.125], [31012, 31026, 0.0], [31026, 31064, 0.14285714], [31064, 31105, 0.13157895], [31105, 31125, 0.05555556], [31125, 31190, 0.08064516], [31190, 31239, 0.10869565], [31239, 31294, 0.21568627], [31294, 31307, 0.0], [31307, 31326, 0.0], [31326, 31996, 0.10681115], [31996, 32057, 0.27272727], [32057, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32372, 0.13043478], [32372, 32438, 0.06153846], [32438, 32459, 0.0], [32459, 32576, 0.06140351], [32576, 32989, 0.00987654], [32989, 33123, 0.0], [33123, 33435, 0.0], [33435, 33563, 0.0], [33563, 33592, 0.23076923], [33592, 33626, 0.03333333], [33626, 33662, 0.0625], [33662, 33690, 0.0], [33690, 33975, 0.0], [33975, 34078, 0.0], [34078, 34141, 0.0], [34141, 34440, 0.0], [34440, 34556, 0.0], [34556, 34636, 0.0], [34636, 34665, 0.07407407], [34665, 34698, 0.22580645], [34698, 34771, 0.02857143], [34771, 34793, 0.1], [34793, 34814, 0.4375], [34814, 34832, 0.23529412], [34832, 34855, 0.5], [34855, 34878, 0.5], [34878, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34922, 0.0], [34922, 34944, 0.23809524], [34944, 34961, 0.0], [34961, 35034, 0.07042254], [35034, 35101, 0.0], [35101, 35131, 0.0], [35131, 35171, 0.0], [35171, 35211, 0.0], [35211, 35267, 0.82051282], [35267, 36693, 0.03326103], [36693, 36729, 0.09375], [36729, 36761, 0.20689655], [36761, 36800, 0.11764706], [36800, 36841, 0.11428571], [36841, 37010, 0.0], [37010, 37141, 0.01587302], [37141, 38346, 0.02046036], [38346, 38409, 0.15], [38409, 38731, 0.0483871], [38731, 39826, 0.01508011], [39826, 39903, 0.0], [39903, 40178, 0.01498127], [40178, 40186, 0.0], [40186, 40243, 0.07843137], [40243, 40329, 0.075], [40329, 40355, 0.0], [40355, 40421, 0.08333333], [40421, 40836, 0.23614458]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 20, 0.0], [20, 53, 0.0], [53, 81, 0.0], [81, 115, 0.0], [115, 173, 0.0], [173, 906, 0.0], [906, 1157, 0.0], [1157, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1261, 0.0], [1261, 1452, 0.0], [1452, 1478, 0.0], [1478, 5292, 0.0], [5292, 5403, 0.0], [5403, 5425, 0.0], [5425, 5507, 0.0], [5507, 6201, 0.0], [6201, 6371, 0.0], [6371, 6386, 0.0], [6386, 6407, 0.0], [6407, 6512, 0.0], [6512, 6531, 0.0], [6531, 6593, 0.0], [6593, 6631, 0.0], [6631, 6745, 0.0], [6745, 6828, 0.0], [6828, 6849, 0.0], [6849, 6877, 0.0], [6877, 7211, 0.0], [7211, 7485, 0.0], [7485, 7879, 0.0], [7879, 7930, 0.0], [7930, 8108, 1.0], [8108, 8140, 0.0], [8140, 8210, 0.0], [8210, 8233, 0.0], [8233, 8253, 0.0], [8253, 8283, 0.0], [8283, 8598, 0.0], [8598, 8632, 0.0], [8632, 8666, 0.0], [8666, 9082, 1.0], [9082, 9142, 1.0], [9142, 9166, 0.0], [9166, 9514, 0.0], [9514, 9551, 0.0], [9551, 9574, 0.0], [9574, 9599, 0.0], [9599, 9622, 0.0], [9622, 9639, 0.0], [9639, 10294, 0.0], [10294, 10434, 0.0], [10434, 10457, 0.0], [10457, 10482, 0.0], [10482, 11506, 0.0], [11506, 11529, 0.0], [11529, 11554, 0.0], [11554, 11568, 0.0], [11568, 11600, 0.0], [11600, 11633, 0.0], [11633, 11646, 0.0], [11646, 11898, 0.0], [11898, 11921, 0.0], [11921, 11958, 0.0], [11958, 14638, 0.0], [14638, 14686, 0.0], [14686, 14754, 0.0], [14754, 14774, 0.0], [14774, 14793, 0.0], [14793, 14814, 0.0], [14814, 14851, 0.0], [14851, 14874, 0.0], [14874, 14900, 0.0], [14900, 14918, 0.0], [14918, 14970, 0.0], [14970, 14984, 0.0], [14984, 14999, 0.0], [14999, 15029, 0.0], [15029, 15043, 0.0], [15043, 15101, 0.0], [15101, 15139, 0.0], [15139, 15153, 0.0], [15153, 15192, 0.0], [15192, 15233, 0.0], [15233, 15247, 0.0], [15247, 15260, 0.0], [15260, 15283, 0.0], [15283, 15297, 0.0], [15297, 15309, 0.0], [15309, 15325, 0.0], [15325, 15349, 0.0], [15349, 15399, 0.0], [15399, 15426, 0.0], [15426, 15463, 0.0], [15463, 15489, 0.0], [15489, 15505, 0.0], [15505, 15782, 0.0], [15782, 15814, 0.0], [15814, 15829, 0.0], [15829, 15840, 0.0], [15840, 15849, 0.0], [15849, 16022, 0.0], [16022, 16036, 0.0], [16036, 16061, 0.0], [16061, 16075, 0.0], [16075, 16095, 0.0], [16095, 16110, 0.0], [16110, 16147, 0.0], [16147, 16201, 0.0], [16201, 16211, 0.0], [16211, 16234, 0.0], [16234, 16503, 0.0], [16503, 16515, 0.0], [16515, 16536, 0.0], [16536, 16560, 0.0], [16560, 16583, 0.0], [16583, 16700, 0.0], [16700, 16706, 0.0], [16706, 16713, 0.0], [16713, 16725, 0.0], [16725, 16746, 0.0], [16746, 16758, 0.0], [16758, 16796, 0.0], [16796, 16809, 0.0], [16809, 16816, 0.0], [16816, 16901, 0.0], [16901, 16918, 0.0], [16918, 16931, 0.0], [16931, 16939, 0.0], [16939, 17017, 0.0], [17017, 17041, 0.0], [17041, 17083, 0.0], [17083, 17093, 0.0], [17093, 17105, 0.0], [17105, 17124, 0.0], [17124, 17154, 0.0], [17154, 17161, 0.0], [17161, 17172, 0.0], [17172, 17189, 0.0], [17189, 17208, 0.0], [17208, 17226, 0.0], [17226, 17241, 0.0], [17241, 17263, 0.0], [17263, 17275, 0.0], [17275, 17291, 0.0], [17291, 17331, 0.0], [17331, 17368, 0.0], [17368, 17381, 0.0], [17381, 17430, 0.0], [17430, 17466, 0.0], [17466, 17492, 0.0], [17492, 17517, 0.0], [17517, 17533, 0.0], [17533, 17550, 0.0], [17550, 17590, 0.0], [17590, 17622, 0.0], [17622, 17642, 0.0], [17642, 17667, 0.0], [17667, 17678, 0.0], [17678, 17693, 0.0], [17693, 17733, 0.0], [17733, 17815, 0.0], [17815, 17832, 0.0], [17832, 17854, 0.0], [17854, 18249, 0.0], [18249, 18848, 0.0], [18848, 18882, 0.0], [18882, 18923, 0.0], [18923, 18958, 0.0], [18958, 18991, 0.0], [18991, 19267, 0.0], [19267, 19304, 0.0], [19304, 19346, 0.0], [19346, 19849, 0.0], [19849, 20282, 1.0], [20282, 20402, 1.0], [20402, 20662, 1.0], [20662, 20729, 0.0], [20729, 20763, 0.0], [20763, 20963, 0.0], [20963, 21496, 0.0], [21496, 21548, 0.0], [21548, 21907, 0.0], [21907, 22743, 1.0], [22743, 22762, 0.0], [22762, 23500, 0.0], [23500, 23537, 0.0], [23537, 23557, 0.0], [23557, 24119, 0.0], [24119, 24822, 0.0], [24822, 25282, 0.0], [25282, 25400, 0.0], [25400, 25483, 0.0], [25483, 25504, 0.0], [25504, 25542, 0.0], [25542, 25628, 0.0], [25628, 25658, 0.0], [25658, 25719, 0.0], [25719, 25753, 0.0], [25753, 25775, 0.0], [25775, 25789, 0.0], [25789, 25812, 0.0], [25812, 25824, 0.0], [25824, 25848, 0.0], [25848, 25872, 0.0], [25872, 25908, 0.0], [25908, 25924, 0.0], [25924, 25943, 0.0], [25943, 25954, 0.0], [25954, 25969, 0.0], [25969, 25984, 0.0], [25984, 26002, 0.0], [26002, 26026, 0.0], [26026, 26046, 0.0], [26046, 26059, 0.0], [26059, 26071, 0.0], [26071, 26092, 0.0], [26092, 26113, 0.0], [26113, 26134, 0.0], [26134, 26152, 0.0], [26152, 26166, 0.0], [26166, 26198, 0.0], [26198, 26240, 0.0], [26240, 26274, 0.0], [26274, 26308, 0.0], [26308, 26336, 0.0], [26336, 26364, 0.0], [26364, 26438, 0.0], [26438, 26477, 0.0], [26477, 26647, 0.0], [26647, 26724, 1.0], [26724, 27751, 0.0], [27751, 27786, 0.0], [27786, 27820, 0.0], [27820, 28284, 0.0], [28284, 28319, 0.0], [28319, 28405, 0.0], [28405, 28506, 1.0], [28506, 28583, 0.0], [28583, 29412, 1.0], [29412, 29450, 0.0], [29450, 30045, 0.0], [30045, 30779, 0.0], [30779, 30831, 0.0], [30831, 30865, 0.0], [30865, 30935, 0.0], [30935, 30969, 0.0], [30969, 31012, 0.0], [31012, 31026, 0.0], [31026, 31064, 0.0], [31064, 31105, 0.0], [31105, 31125, 0.0], [31125, 31190, 0.0], [31190, 31239, 0.0], [31239, 31294, 0.0], [31294, 31307, 0.0], [31307, 31326, 0.0], [31326, 31996, 0.0], [31996, 32057, 0.0], [32057, 32347, 0.0], [32347, 32372, 0.0], [32372, 32438, 0.0], [32438, 32459, 0.0], [32459, 32576, 0.0], [32576, 32989, 0.0], [32989, 33123, 0.0], [33123, 33435, 0.0], [33435, 33563, 0.0], [33563, 33592, 0.0], [33592, 33626, 0.0], [33626, 33662, 0.0], [33662, 33690, 0.0], [33690, 33975, 0.0], [33975, 34078, 0.0], [34078, 34141, 0.0], [34141, 34440, 1.0], [34440, 34556, 0.0], [34556, 34636, 0.0], [34636, 34665, 0.0], [34665, 34698, 0.0], [34698, 34771, 0.0], [34771, 34793, 0.0], [34793, 34814, 0.0], [34814, 34832, 0.0], [34832, 34855, 0.0], [34855, 34878, 0.0], [34878, 34901, 0.0], [34901, 34922, 0.0], [34922, 34944, 0.0], [34944, 34961, 0.0], [34961, 35034, 0.0], [35034, 35101, 0.0], [35101, 35131, 0.0], [35131, 35171, 0.0], [35171, 35211, 0.0], [35211, 35267, 0.0], [35267, 36693, 0.0], [36693, 36729, 0.0], [36729, 36761, 0.0], [36761, 36800, 0.0], [36800, 36841, 0.0], [36841, 37010, 0.0], [37010, 37141, 0.0], [37141, 38346, 0.0], [38346, 38409, 0.0], [38409, 38731, 0.0], [38731, 39826, 0.0], [39826, 39903, 1.0], [39903, 40178, 1.0], [40178, 40186, 0.0], [40186, 40243, 0.0], [40243, 40329, 0.0], [40329, 40355, 0.0], [40355, 40421, 0.0], [40421, 40836, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 20, 0.15], [20, 53, 0.09090909], [53, 81, 0.32142857], [81, 115, 0.29411765], [115, 173, 0.81034483], [173, 906, 0.02455662], [906, 1157, 0.05179283], [1157, 1186, 0.82758621], [1186, 1261, 0.72], [1261, 1452, 0.30890052], [1452, 1478, 0.92307692], [1478, 5292, 0.06528579], [5292, 5403, 0.34234234], [5403, 5425, 0.09090909], [5425, 5507, 0.06097561], [5507, 6201, 0.04322767], [6201, 6371, 0.04705882], [6371, 6386, 0.06666667], [6386, 6407, 0.23809524], [6407, 6512, 0.06666667], [6512, 6531, 0.68421053], [6531, 6593, 0.37096774], [6593, 6631, 0.02631579], [6631, 6745, 0.01754386], [6745, 6828, 0.04819277], [6828, 6849, 0.42857143], [6849, 6877, 0.0], [6877, 7211, 0.11077844], [7211, 7485, 0.15328467], [7485, 7879, 0.12690355], [7879, 7930, 0.35294118], [7930, 8108, 0.1011236], [8108, 8140, 0.1875], [8140, 8210, 0.2], [8210, 8233, 0.34782609], [8233, 8253, 0.7], [8253, 8283, 0.53333333], [8283, 8598, 0.08253968], [8598, 8632, 0.58823529], [8632, 8666, 0.88235294], [8666, 9082, 0.15144231], [9082, 9142, 0.15], [9142, 9166, 0.08333333], [9166, 9514, 0.13218391], [9514, 9551, 0.05405405], [9551, 9574, 0.08695652], [9574, 9599, 0.12], [9599, 9622, 0.04347826], [9622, 9639, 0.41176471], [9639, 10294, 0.04732824], [10294, 10434, 0.04285714], [10434, 10457, 0.2173913], [10457, 10482, 0.56], [10482, 11506, 0.03710938], [11506, 11529, 0.13043478], [11529, 11554, 0.08], [11554, 11568, 0.07142857], [11568, 11600, 0.125], [11600, 11633, 0.18181818], [11633, 11646, 0.15384615], [11646, 11898, 0.04761905], [11898, 11921, 0.08695652], [11921, 11958, 0.48648649], [11958, 14638, 0.04477612], [14638, 14686, 0.85416667], [14686, 14754, 0.60294118], [14754, 14774, 0.8], [14774, 14793, 0.84210526], [14793, 14814, 0.85714286], [14814, 14851, 0.64864865], [14851, 14874, 0.86956522], [14874, 14900, 0.88461538], [14900, 14918, 0.83333333], [14918, 14970, 0.69230769], [14970, 14984, 0.85714286], [14984, 14999, 0.86666667], [14999, 15029, 0.83333333], [15029, 15043, 0.85714286], [15043, 15101, 0.68965517], [15101, 15139, 0.60526316], [15139, 15153, 0.85714286], [15153, 15192, 0.61538462], [15192, 15233, 0.58536585], [15233, 15247, 0.85714286], [15247, 15260, 0.15384615], [15260, 15283, 0.13043478], [15283, 15297, 0.85714286], [15297, 15309, 0.83333333], [15309, 15325, 0.6875], [15325, 15349, 0.83333333], [15349, 15399, 0.64], [15399, 15426, 0.85185185], [15426, 15463, 0.64864865], [15463, 15489, 0.73076923], [15489, 15505, 0.625], [15505, 15782, 0.01805054], [15782, 15814, 0.03125], [15814, 15829, 0.86666667], [15829, 15840, 0.18181818], [15840, 15849, 0.44444444], [15849, 16022, 0.14450867], [16022, 16036, 0.64285714], [16036, 16061, 0.12], [16061, 16075, 0.21428571], [16075, 16095, 0.9], [16095, 16110, 0.2], [16110, 16147, 0.10810811], [16147, 16201, 0.12962963], [16201, 16211, 0.8], [16211, 16234, 0.7826087], [16234, 16503, 0.14126394], [16503, 16515, 0.41666667], [16515, 16536, 0.80952381], [16536, 16560, 0.83333333], [16560, 16583, 0.13043478], [16583, 16700, 0.08547009], [16700, 16706, 0.66666667], [16706, 16713, 0.85714286], [16713, 16725, 0.16666667], [16725, 16746, 0.38095238], [16746, 16758, 0.66666667], [16758, 16796, 0.02631579], [16796, 16809, 0.84615385], [16809, 16816, 0.85714286], [16816, 16901, 0.18823529], [16901, 16918, 0.05882353], [16918, 16931, 0.84615385], [16931, 16939, 0.125], [16939, 17017, 0.79487179], [17017, 17041, 0.125], [17041, 17083, 0.14285714], [17083, 17093, 0.3], [17093, 17105, 0.16666667], [17105, 17124, 0.10526316], [17124, 17154, 0.13333333], [17154, 17161, 0.14285714], [17161, 17172, 0.09090909], [17172, 17189, 0.11764706], [17189, 17208, 0.10526316], [17208, 17226, 0.16666667], [17226, 17241, 0.06666667], [17241, 17263, 0.13636364], [17263, 17275, 0.08333333], [17275, 17291, 0.125], [17291, 17331, 0.15], [17331, 17368, 0.13513514], [17368, 17381, 0.15384615], [17381, 17430, 0.0], [17430, 17466, 0.0], [17466, 17492, 0.15384615], [17492, 17517, 0.0], [17517, 17533, 0.125], [17533, 17550, 0.11764706], [17550, 17590, 0.1], [17590, 17622, 0.15625], [17622, 17642, 0.15], [17642, 17667, 0.16], [17667, 17678, 0.18181818], [17678, 17693, 0.26666667], [17693, 17733, 0.125], [17733, 17815, 0.0], [17815, 17832, 0.11764706], [17832, 17854, 0.13636364], [17854, 18249, 0.01518987], [18249, 18848, 0.02170284], [18848, 18882, 0.08823529], [18882, 18923, 0.14634146], [18923, 18958, 0.08571429], [18958, 18991, 0.09090909], [18991, 19267, 0.02536232], [19267, 19304, 0.08108108], [19304, 19346, 0.14285714], [19346, 19849, 0.02186879], [19849, 20282, 0.12240185], [20282, 20402, 0.13333333], [20402, 20662, 0.10384615], [20662, 20729, 0.10447761], [20729, 20763, 0.08823529], [20763, 20963, 0.13], [20963, 21496, 0.05816135], [21496, 21548, 0.82692308], [21548, 21907, 0.22562674], [21907, 22743, 0.06698565], [22743, 22762, 0.73684211], [22762, 23500, 0.10840108], [23500, 23537, 0.13513514], [23537, 23557, 0.2], [23557, 24119, 0.04982206], [24119, 24822, 0.056899], [24822, 25282, 0.06956522], [25282, 25400, 0.05932203], [25400, 25483, 0.07228916], [25483, 25504, 0.42857143], [25504, 25542, 0.02631579], [25542, 25628, 0.18604651], [25628, 25658, 0.9], [25658, 25719, 0.83606557], [25719, 25753, 0.11764706], [25753, 25775, 0.09090909], [25775, 25789, 0.21428571], [25789, 25812, 0.08695652], [25812, 25824, 0.08333333], [25824, 25848, 0.08333333], [25848, 25872, 0.08333333], [25872, 25908, 0.16666667], [25908, 25924, 0.0625], [25924, 25943, 0.10526316], [25943, 25954, 0.18181818], [25954, 25969, 0.2], [25969, 25984, 0.13333333], [25984, 26002, 0.11111111], [26002, 26026, 0.25], [26026, 26046, 0.2], [26046, 26059, 0.30769231], [26059, 26071, 0.25], [26071, 26092, 0.14285714], [26092, 26113, 0.14285714], [26113, 26134, 0.0952381], [26134, 26152, 0.16666667], [26152, 26166, 0.28571429], [26166, 26198, 0.125], [26198, 26240, 0.11904762], [26240, 26274, 0.17647059], [26274, 26308, 0.17647059], [26308, 26336, 0.17857143], [26336, 26364, 0.17857143], [26364, 26438, 0.0], [26438, 26477, 0.12820513], [26477, 26647, 0.11764706], [26647, 26724, 0.09090909], [26724, 27751, 0.02239533], [27751, 27786, 0.08571429], [27786, 27820, 0.08823529], [27820, 28284, 0.01724138], [28284, 28319, 0.08571429], [28319, 28405, 0.12790698], [28405, 28506, 0.13861386], [28506, 28583, 0.20779221], [28583, 29412, 0.06634499], [29412, 29450, 0.89473684], [29450, 30045, 0.13613445], [30045, 30779, 0.03133515], [30779, 30831, 0.36538462], [30831, 30865, 0.61764706], [30865, 30935, 0.41428571], [30935, 30969, 0.61764706], [30969, 31012, 0.46511628], [31012, 31026, 0.71428571], [31026, 31064, 0.42105263], [31064, 31105, 0.46341463], [31105, 31125, 0.75], [31125, 31190, 0.61538462], [31190, 31239, 0.51020408], [31239, 31294, 0.41818182], [31294, 31307, 0.23076923], [31307, 31326, 0.15789474], [31326, 31996, 0.09253731], [31996, 32057, 0.13114754], [32057, 32347, 0.04827586], [32347, 32372, 0.12], [32372, 32438, 0.07575758], [32438, 32459, 0.38095238], [32459, 32576, 0.06837607], [32576, 32989, 0.04842615], [32989, 33123, 0.0], [33123, 33435, 0.01282051], [33435, 33563, 0.0390625], [33563, 33592, 0.13793103], [33592, 33626, 0.08823529], [33626, 33662, 0.08333333], [33662, 33690, 0.21428571], [33690, 33975, 0.05614035], [33975, 34078, 0.0776699], [34078, 34141, 0.12698413], [34141, 34440, 0.11705686], [34440, 34556, 0.12931034], [34556, 34636, 0.05], [34636, 34665, 0.31034483], [34665, 34698, 0.03030303], [34698, 34771, 0.79452055], [34771, 34793, 0.13636364], [34793, 34814, 0.0952381], [34814, 34832, 0.11111111], [34832, 34855, 0.08695652], [34855, 34878, 0.08695652], [34878, 34901, 0.2173913], [34901, 34922, 0.14285714], [34922, 34944, 0.18181818], [34944, 34961, 0.11764706], [34961, 35034, 0.15068493], [35034, 35101, 0.1641791], [35101, 35131, 0.13333333], [35131, 35171, 0.1], [35171, 35211, 0.125], [35211, 35267, 0.0], [35267, 36693, 0.04137447], [36693, 36729, 0.08333333], [36729, 36761, 0.0625], [36761, 36800, 0.07692308], [36800, 36841, 0.14634146], [36841, 37010, 0.04733728], [37010, 37141, 0.14503817], [37141, 38346, 0.05394191], [38346, 38409, 0.14285714], [38409, 38731, 0.20186335], [38731, 39826, 0.04018265], [39826, 39903, 0.0], [39903, 40178, 0.02181818], [40178, 40186, 0.0], [40186, 40243, 0.10526316], [40243, 40329, 0.13953488], [40329, 40355, 0.46153846], [40355, 40421, 0.09090909], [40421, 40836, 0.12771084]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 40836, 0.00980204]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 40836, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 40836, 0.4949587]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 40836, -3800.69710257]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 40836, -719.42388126]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 40836, -736.84972466]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 40836, 337.0]]} |
2022 Endorsed Candidate Guide
2022 ENDORSED DEMOCRATS
U.S. Rep. Tim Ryan
https://timforoh.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/timryanoh https://twitter.com/TimRyan https://www.instagram.com/Timryanoh
Matthew Diemer
US House District 7
https://diemerforcongress.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/DiemerforCongress https://twitter.com/MatthewDiemer https://www.instagram.com/matthewadiemer
U.S. Rep. Shontel Brown
US House District 11
https://shontelbrown.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/shontelbrownvote https://twitter.com/ShontelMBrown https://www.instagram.com/shontelbrown
Nan Whaley & Cheryl Stephens
Governor, Lt Governor
https://nanwhaley.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/nanwhaley https://twitter.com/nanwhaley https://www.instagram.com/nanwhaley
Jeffrey A. Crossman
https://crossmanforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com@CrossmanForOhio https://twitter.com/JeffaCrossman https://www.instagram.com/jeffacrossman
Taylor Sappington
https://sappingtonforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/TaylorSappingtonOH https://twitter.com/taylorinseohio
Chelsea Clark
https://www.chelseaforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.comChelseaClark4OHIO https://twitter.com/ChelseaForOhio
Scott Schertzer
Treasurer of State
https://scottschertzerforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/schertzerforohio/ https://twitter.com/schertzer4oh
https://tomjacksonforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/tomforohio/
Jennifer Brunner
Supreme Court Chief Justice
https://www.justicebrunner.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/BrunnerCommittee https://twitter.com/jenniferbrunner https://www.instagram.com/jenniferlbrunner/
Terri Jamison
https://www.votejudgejamison.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/jamison4justice/ https://twitter.com/Jamison4Justice https://www.instagram.com/Jamison4Justice/
Marilyn Zayas
https://judgemarilynzayas.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Vote4JudgeZ/
OHIO SENATE
Kent Smith
https://www.kentsmith.org/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/kentksmith https://twitter.com/kentKSmith https://www.instagram.com/kentksmith/
Nickie J. Antonio
http://www.nickieantonio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/nickiejantonio https://twitter.com/nickieantoniohttps://www.instagram.com/nickieantonio/
OHIO HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Michael J. Skindell
https://www.mikeskindell.com/
https://www.facebook.com/mikeskindell/ https://twitter.com/MikeSkindell
Sean P. Brennan
https://brennanforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/brennanforohio https://twitter.com/BrennanForOhio
Richard Dell'Aquila
https://www.rd4ohiohouse.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/RD4OhioHouse https://twitter.com/rd4ohio15 https://www.instagram.com/rd4ohio15/
Bride Rose Sweeney
https://www.briderosesweeney.com/
https://www.facebook.com/BrideRoseSweeneyforStateRep/ https://twitter.com/repbridesweeney/ https://www.instagram.com/repbridesweeney/
Troy J. Greenfield
https://www.troyforohio.com
Darnell T. Brewer
https://www.darnelltbrewer.com
Phil Robinson
https://www.robinsonforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/RobinsonForOH/ https://twitter.com/robinsonforoh https://www.instagram.com/robinsonforoh/
Terrence Upchurch
https://www.facebook.com/terrence.upchurch.7 https://twitter.com/tupchurch216 https://www.instagram.com/rep_upchurch/
Elliot Forhan
https://www.forhanforohio.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/ForhanForOhio https://twitter.com/ForhanForOhio https://www.instagram.com/ForhanForOhio/
Juanita O. Brent
http://juanitabrent.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/JuanitaOBrent https://twitter.com/Juanita_Brent https://www.instagram.com/juanita_brent/
Daniel P. Troy
https://danieltroy.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Danielptroy https://twitter.com/Rep_Troy https://www.instagram.com/rep_troy/
Tom Jackson | District 10
Chris Ronayne County Executive
https://www.chrisronayne.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/ChrisRonayne2022 https://twitter.com/chrisronayne https://www.instagram.com/chrisronayne/
CUYAHOGA COUNTY COUNCIL
Patrick Kelly
County Council District 1
https://www.facebook.com/people/Patrick-Kelly/100000290456730/
Martin J. Sweeney
https://www.facebook.com/themartinjsweeney
Yvonne M. Conwell
https://www.facebook.com/yvonne.m.conwell
Meredith M. Turner
https://www.votemeredithturner.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/CuyahogaCouncilD9 https://twitter.com/cuyd9mereturner https://www.instagram.com/vote4meredithturner/
Sunny M. Simon
County Council District 11
https://www.sunnysimon.org/
https://www.facebook.com/sunny.m.simon
COURT OF APPEALS – 8th DISTRICT
Mary Eileen Kilbane
Court of Appeals FTC 1/1/23
Lisa Forbes
https://www.forbes4judge.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/Forbes4Judge/
Kathleen Ann Keough
Eileen A. Gallagher
Michael John Ryan
Court of Appeals UTE 2/9/27
https://judgemichaelryan4courtofappeals.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/ElectMichaelJohnRyanOhios8thDistrictCourtofAppeals https://twitter.com/JudgeRyan4OH8th https://www.instagram.com/michaeljohnryan4oh8thappeals/
CUYAHOGA COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS – GENERAL DIVISION
Kelly Ann Gallagher
Common Pleas FTC 1/1/23
Steve Gall
Richard A. Bell
https://www.richardbell4judge.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/RichardBell4Judge
Peter J. Corrigan
https://www.judgepeterjcorrigan.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/JudgeCorrigan
Sherrie Miday
https://twitter.com/midayforjudge
David T. Matia
https://www.judgematia.com/
Jeffrey P. Saffold
https://www.saffold4judge.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/saffold4judge https://www.instagram.com/saffold4judge/
Maureen Clancy
https://www.judgemaureenclancy.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/judgemaureenclancy
John J. Russo
https://www.judgejohnjrusso.com/
Hollie Lauren Gallagher
Common Pleas FTC 1/10/23
Michael P. Shaughnessy
https://www.facebook.com/ElectMichaelPShaughnessy
Brian Mooney
Deborah M. Turner
https://www.facebook.com/deborahmturnerforjudge
Kevin J. Kelley
Common Pleas UTE 12/31/24
https://www.kevinjkelleyforjudge.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/KevinJKelleyforJudge
Jennifer O'Donnell
Common Pleas UTE 1/3/27
https://www.jenniferodonnellforjudge.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/jenniferodonnellforjudge/
CUYAHOGA COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS – DOMESTIC RELATIONS
Francine Goldberg
Domestic Relations FTC 1/13/23
http://www.judgegoldberg.com/
https://www.facebook.com/goldbergforjudge https://twitter.com/judgegoldberg
Diane M. Palos
https://judgedianempalos.com/
[email protected]
Tonya R. Jones
https://judgetonyarjones.com/
https://www.facebook.com/votefortonyarjones/ https://twitter.com/vote4tonyajones https://www.instagram.com/judgetonyajones/
CUYAHOGA COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS – JUVENILE RELATIONS
Anne C. McDonough
Juvenile FTC 1/1/23
https://www.annecmcdonough.com/
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/AnneCMcDonoughforJudge https://twitter.com/annemcdonough15
Kristin W. Sweeney
Nicholas J. Celebrezze
http://www.votecelebrezze.com/
https://www.facebook.com/votecelebrezze https://www.instagram.com/votecelebrezze/ | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1983 | {"url": "https://cuydem.com/candidate-contact-information/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cuydem.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:01:42Z", "digest": "sha1:DM3CZMH576X4RCI66B4H5S3S3UQMTS3N"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 7498, 7498.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 7498, 9576.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 7498, 197.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 7498, 287.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 7498, 0.51]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 7498, 275.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 7498, 0.10334158]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 7498, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 7498, 0.01610018]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 7498, 0.01610018]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 7498, 0.01610018]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 7498, 0.01252236]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 7498, 0.00683038]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 7498, 0.01024557]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 7498, 0.04950495]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 7498, 0.4220297]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 7498, 0.76168224]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 7498, 14.36682243]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 7498, 5.60099199]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 7498, 428.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 73, 0.0], [73, 95, 0.0], [95, 113, 0.0], [113, 212, 0.0], [212, 227, 0.0], [227, 247, 0.0], [247, 278, 0.0], [278, 305, 0.0], [305, 423, 0.0], [423, 447, 0.0], [447, 468, 0.0], [468, 494, 0.0], [494, 519, 0.0], [519, 634, 0.0], [634, 663, 0.0], [663, 685, 0.0], [685, 708, 0.0], [708, 727, 0.0], [727, 828, 0.0], [828, 848, 0.0], [848, 877, 0.0], [877, 902, 0.0], [902, 1017, 0.0], [1017, 1035, 0.0], [1035, 1066, 0.0], [1066, 1093, 0.0], [1093, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1245, 0.0], [1245, 1322, 0.0], [1322, 1338, 0.0], [1338, 1357, 0.0], [1357, 1392, 0.0], [1392, 1423, 0.0], [1423, 1499, 0.0], [1499, 1530, 0.0], [1530, 1556, 0.0], [1556, 1593, 0.0], [1593, 1610, 0.0], [1610, 1638, 0.0], [1638, 1670, 0.0], [1670, 1694, 0.0], [1694, 1816, 0.0], [1816, 1830, 0.0], [1830, 1864, 0.0], [1864, 1888, 0.0], [1888, 2009, 0.0], [2009, 2023, 0.0], [2023, 2054, 0.0], [2054, 2092, 0.0], [2092, 2104, 0.0], [2104, 2115, 0.0], [2115, 2142, 0.0], [2142, 2175, 0.0], [2175, 2280, 0.0], [2280, 2298, 0.0], [2298, 2328, 0.0], [2328, 2358, 0.0], [2358, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2502, 0.0], [2502, 2522, 0.0], [2522, 2552, 0.0], [2552, 2624, 0.0], [2624, 2640, 0.0], [2640, 2668, 0.0], [2668, 2694, 0.0], [2694, 2769, 0.0], [2769, 2789, 0.0], [2789, 2819, 0.0], [2819, 2842, 0.0], [2842, 2947, 0.0], [2947, 2966, 0.0], [2966, 3000, 0.0], [3000, 3134, 0.0], [3134, 3153, 0.0], [3153, 3181, 0.0], [3181, 3199, 0.0], [3199, 3230, 0.0], [3230, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3302, 0.0], [3302, 3417, 0.0], [3417, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3553, 0.0], [3553, 3567, 0.0], [3567, 3598, 0.0], [3598, 3621, 0.0], [3621, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 3777, 0.0], [3777, 3799, 0.0], [3799, 3913, 0.0], [3913, 3928, 0.0], [3928, 3952, 0.0], [3952, 4054, 0.0], [4054, 4080, 0.0], [4080, 4111, 0.0], [4111, 4141, 0.0], [4141, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4282, 0.0], [4282, 4306, 0.0], [4306, 4320, 0.0], [4320, 4346, 0.0], [4346, 4409, 0.0], [4409, 4427, 0.0], [4427, 4470, 0.0], [4470, 4488, 0.0], [4488, 4530, 0.0], [4530, 4549, 0.0], [4549, 4585, 0.0], [4585, 4613, 0.0], [4613, 4739, 0.0], [4739, 4754, 0.0], [4754, 4781, 0.0], [4781, 4809, 0.0], [4809, 4848, 0.0], [4848, 4880, 0.0], [4880, 4900, 0.0], [4900, 4928, 0.0], [4928, 4940, 0.0], [4940, 4970, 0.0], [4970, 4992, 0.0], [4992, 5031, 0.0], [5031, 5051, 0.0], [5051, 5071, 0.0], [5071, 5089, 0.0], [5089, 5117, 0.0], [5117, 5162, 0.0], [5162, 5182, 0.0], [5182, 5350, 0.0], [5350, 5407, 0.0], [5407, 5427, 0.0], [5427, 5451, 0.0], [5451, 5462, 0.0], [5462, 5478, 0.0], [5478, 5513, 0.0], [5513, 5538, 0.0], [5538, 5581, 0.0], [5581, 5599, 0.0], [5599, 5636, 0.0], [5636, 5665, 0.0], [5665, 5704, 0.0], [5704, 5718, 0.0], [5718, 5752, 0.0], [5752, 5767, 0.0], [5767, 5795, 0.0], [5795, 5814, 0.0], [5814, 5845, 0.0], [5845, 5872, 0.0], [5872, 5952, 0.0], [5952, 5967, 0.0], [5967, 6003, 0.0], [6003, 6031, 0.0], [6031, 6075, 0.0], [6075, 6089, 0.0], [6089, 6122, 0.0], [6122, 6146, 0.0], [6146, 6171, 0.0], [6171, 6194, 0.0], [6194, 6244, 0.0], [6244, 6257, 0.0], [6257, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6323, 0.0], [6323, 6339, 0.0], [6339, 6365, 0.0], [6365, 6403, 0.0], [6403, 6429, 0.0], [6429, 6475, 0.0], [6475, 6494, 0.0], [6494, 6518, 0.0], [6518, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6598, 0.0], [6598, 6649, 0.0], [6649, 6708, 0.0], [6708, 6726, 0.0], [6726, 6757, 0.0], [6757, 6787, 0.0], [6787, 6863, 0.0], [6863, 6878, 0.0], [6878, 6908, 0.0], [6908, 6934, 0.0], [6934, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 6979, 0.0], [6979, 7103, 0.0], [7103, 7162, 0.0], [7162, 7180, 0.0], [7180, 7200, 0.0], [7200, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7260, 0.0], [7260, 7344, 0.0], [7344, 7363, 0.0], [7363, 7386, 0.0], [7386, 7417, 0.0], [7417, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 73, 0.0], [73, 95, 0.0], [95, 113, 0.0], [113, 212, 0.0], [212, 227, 0.0], [227, 247, 0.0], [247, 278, 0.0], [278, 305, 0.0], [305, 423, 0.0], [423, 447, 0.0], [447, 468, 0.0], [468, 494, 0.0], [494, 519, 0.0], [519, 634, 0.0], [634, 663, 0.0], [663, 685, 0.0], [685, 708, 0.0], [708, 727, 0.0], [727, 828, 0.0], [828, 848, 0.0], [848, 877, 0.0], [877, 902, 0.0], [902, 1017, 0.0], [1017, 1035, 0.0], [1035, 1066, 0.0], [1066, 1093, 0.0], [1093, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1245, 0.0], [1245, 1322, 0.0], [1322, 1338, 0.0], [1338, 1357, 0.0], [1357, 1392, 0.0], [1392, 1423, 0.0], [1423, 1499, 0.0], [1499, 1530, 0.0], [1530, 1556, 0.0], [1556, 1593, 0.0], [1593, 1610, 0.0], [1610, 1638, 0.0], [1638, 1670, 0.0], [1670, 1694, 0.0], [1694, 1816, 0.0], [1816, 1830, 0.0], [1830, 1864, 0.0], [1864, 1888, 0.0], [1888, 2009, 0.0], [2009, 2023, 0.0], [2023, 2054, 0.0], [2054, 2092, 0.0], [2092, 2104, 0.0], [2104, 2115, 0.0], [2115, 2142, 0.0], [2142, 2175, 0.0], [2175, 2280, 0.0], [2280, 2298, 0.0], [2298, 2328, 0.0], [2328, 2358, 0.0], [2358, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2502, 0.0], [2502, 2522, 0.0], [2522, 2552, 0.0], [2552, 2624, 0.0], [2624, 2640, 0.0], [2640, 2668, 0.0], [2668, 2694, 0.0], [2694, 2769, 0.0], [2769, 2789, 0.0], [2789, 2819, 0.0], [2819, 2842, 0.0], [2842, 2947, 0.0], [2947, 2966, 0.0], [2966, 3000, 0.0], [3000, 3134, 0.0], [3134, 3153, 0.0], [3153, 3181, 0.0], [3181, 3199, 0.0], [3199, 3230, 0.0], [3230, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3302, 0.0], [3302, 3417, 0.0], [3417, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3553, 0.0], [3553, 3567, 0.0], [3567, 3598, 0.0], [3598, 3621, 0.0], [3621, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 3777, 0.0], [3777, 3799, 0.0], [3799, 3913, 0.0], [3913, 3928, 0.0], [3928, 3952, 0.0], [3952, 4054, 0.0], [4054, 4080, 0.0], [4080, 4111, 0.0], [4111, 4141, 0.0], [4141, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4282, 0.0], [4282, 4306, 0.0], [4306, 4320, 0.0], [4320, 4346, 0.0], [4346, 4409, 0.0], [4409, 4427, 0.0], [4427, 4470, 0.0], [4470, 4488, 0.0], [4488, 4530, 0.0], [4530, 4549, 0.0], [4549, 4585, 0.0], [4585, 4613, 0.0], [4613, 4739, 0.0], [4739, 4754, 0.0], [4754, 4781, 0.0], [4781, 4809, 0.0], [4809, 4848, 0.0], [4848, 4880, 0.0], [4880, 4900, 0.0], [4900, 4928, 0.0], [4928, 4940, 0.0], [4940, 4970, 0.0], [4970, 4992, 0.0], [4992, 5031, 0.0], [5031, 5051, 0.0], [5051, 5071, 0.0], [5071, 5089, 0.0], [5089, 5117, 0.0], [5117, 5162, 0.0], [5162, 5182, 0.0], [5182, 5350, 0.0], [5350, 5407, 0.0], [5407, 5427, 0.0], [5427, 5451, 0.0], [5451, 5462, 0.0], [5462, 5478, 0.0], [5478, 5513, 0.0], [5513, 5538, 0.0], [5538, 5581, 0.0], [5581, 5599, 0.0], [5599, 5636, 0.0], [5636, 5665, 0.0], [5665, 5704, 0.0], [5704, 5718, 0.0], [5718, 5752, 0.0], [5752, 5767, 0.0], [5767, 5795, 0.0], [5795, 5814, 0.0], [5814, 5845, 0.0], [5845, 5872, 0.0], [5872, 5952, 0.0], [5952, 5967, 0.0], [5967, 6003, 0.0], [6003, 6031, 0.0], [6031, 6075, 0.0], [6075, 6089, 0.0], [6089, 6122, 0.0], [6122, 6146, 0.0], [6146, 6171, 0.0], [6171, 6194, 0.0], [6194, 6244, 0.0], [6244, 6257, 0.0], [6257, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6323, 0.0], [6323, 6339, 0.0], [6339, 6365, 0.0], [6365, 6403, 0.0], [6403, 6429, 0.0], [6429, 6475, 0.0], [6475, 6494, 0.0], [6494, 6518, 0.0], [6518, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6598, 0.0], [6598, 6649, 0.0], [6649, 6708, 0.0], [6708, 6726, 0.0], [6726, 6757, 0.0], [6757, 6787, 0.0], [6787, 6863, 0.0], [6863, 6878, 0.0], [6878, 6908, 0.0], [6908, 6934, 0.0], [6934, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 6979, 0.0], [6979, 7103, 0.0], [7103, 7162, 0.0], [7162, 7180, 0.0], [7180, 7200, 0.0], [7200, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7260, 0.0], [7260, 7344, 0.0], [7344, 7363, 0.0], [7363, 7386, 0.0], [7386, 7417, 0.0], [7417, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 30, 4.0], [30, 54, 3.0], [54, 73, 4.0], [73, 95, 1.0], [95, 113, 1.0], [113, 212, 3.0], [212, 227, 2.0], [227, 247, 4.0], [247, 278, 1.0], [278, 305, 1.0], [305, 423, 3.0], [423, 447, 4.0], [447, 468, 4.0], [468, 494, 1.0], [494, 519, 1.0], [519, 634, 3.0], [634, 663, 4.0], [663, 685, 3.0], [685, 708, 1.0], [708, 727, 1.0], [727, 828, 3.0], [828, 848, 3.0], [848, 877, 1.0], [877, 902, 1.0], [902, 1017, 3.0], [1017, 1035, 2.0], [1035, 1066, 1.0], [1066, 1093, 1.0], [1093, 1172, 2.0], [1172, 1186, 2.0], [1186, 1218, 1.0], [1218, 1245, 1.0], [1245, 1322, 2.0], [1322, 1338, 2.0], [1338, 1357, 3.0], [1357, 1392, 1.0], [1392, 1423, 1.0], [1423, 1499, 2.0], [1499, 1530, 1.0], [1530, 1556, 1.0], [1556, 1593, 1.0], [1593, 1610, 2.0], [1610, 1638, 4.0], [1638, 1670, 1.0], [1670, 1694, 1.0], [1694, 1816, 3.0], [1816, 1830, 2.0], [1830, 1864, 1.0], [1864, 1888, 1.0], [1888, 2009, 3.0], [2009, 2023, 2.0], [2023, 2054, 1.0], [2054, 2092, 1.0], [2092, 2104, 2.0], [2104, 2115, 2.0], [2115, 2142, 1.0], [2142, 2175, 1.0], [2175, 2280, 3.0], [2280, 2298, 3.0], [2298, 2328, 1.0], [2328, 2358, 1.0], [2358, 2472, 2.0], [2472, 2502, 4.0], [2502, 2522, 3.0], [2522, 2552, 1.0], [2552, 2624, 2.0], [2624, 2640, 3.0], [2640, 2668, 1.0], [2668, 2694, 1.0], [2694, 2769, 2.0], [2769, 2789, 2.0], [2789, 2819, 1.0], [2819, 2842, 1.0], [2842, 2947, 3.0], [2947, 2966, 3.0], [2966, 3000, 1.0], [3000, 3134, 3.0], [3134, 3153, 3.0], [3153, 3181, 1.0], [3181, 3199, 3.0], [3199, 3230, 1.0], [3230, 3244, 2.0], [3244, 3277, 1.0], [3277, 3302, 1.0], [3302, 3417, 3.0], [3417, 3435, 2.0], [3435, 3553, 3.0], [3553, 3567, 2.0], [3567, 3598, 1.0], [3598, 3621, 1.0], [3621, 3735, 3.0], [3735, 3752, 3.0], [3752, 3777, 1.0], [3777, 3799, 1.0], [3799, 3913, 3.0], [3913, 3928, 3.0], [3928, 3952, 1.0], [3952, 4054, 3.0], [4054, 4080, 4.0], [4080, 4111, 4.0], [4111, 4141, 1.0], [4141, 4167, 1.0], [4167, 4282, 3.0], [4282, 4306, 3.0], [4306, 4320, 2.0], [4320, 4346, 4.0], [4346, 4409, 1.0], [4409, 4427, 3.0], [4427, 4470, 1.0], [4470, 4488, 3.0], [4488, 4530, 1.0], [4530, 4549, 3.0], [4549, 4585, 1.0], [4585, 4613, 1.0], [4613, 4739, 3.0], [4739, 4754, 3.0], [4754, 4781, 4.0], [4781, 4809, 1.0], [4809, 4848, 1.0], [4848, 4880, 6.0], [4880, 4900, 3.0], [4900, 4928, 5.0], [4928, 4940, 2.0], [4940, 4970, 1.0], [4970, 4992, 1.0], [4992, 5031, 1.0], [5031, 5051, 3.0], [5051, 5071, 3.0], [5071, 5089, 3.0], [5089, 5117, 5.0], [5117, 5162, 1.0], [5162, 5182, 1.0], [5182, 5350, 3.0], [5350, 5407, 9.0], [5407, 5427, 3.0], [5427, 5451, 4.0], [5451, 5462, 2.0], [5462, 5478, 3.0], [5478, 5513, 1.0], [5513, 5538, 1.0], [5538, 5581, 1.0], [5581, 5599, 3.0], [5599, 5636, 1.0], [5636, 5665, 1.0], [5665, 5704, 1.0], [5704, 5718, 2.0], [5718, 5752, 1.0], [5752, 5767, 3.0], [5767, 5795, 1.0], [5795, 5814, 3.0], [5814, 5845, 1.0], [5845, 5872, 1.0], [5872, 5952, 2.0], [5952, 5967, 2.0], [5967, 6003, 1.0], [6003, 6031, 1.0], [6031, 6075, 1.0], [6075, 6089, 3.0], [6089, 6122, 1.0], [6122, 6146, 3.0], [6146, 6171, 4.0], [6171, 6194, 3.0], [6194, 6244, 1.0], [6244, 6257, 2.0], [6257, 6275, 3.0], [6275, 6323, 1.0], [6323, 6339, 3.0], [6339, 6365, 4.0], [6365, 6403, 1.0], [6403, 6429, 1.0], [6429, 6475, 1.0], [6475, 6494, 2.0], [6494, 6518, 4.0], [6518, 6560, 1.0], [6560, 6598, 1.0], [6598, 6649, 1.0], [6649, 6708, 9.0], [6708, 6726, 2.0], [6726, 6757, 4.0], [6757, 6787, 1.0], [6787, 6863, 2.0], [6863, 6878, 3.0], [6878, 6908, 1.0], [6908, 6934, 1.0], [6934, 6949, 3.0], [6949, 6979, 1.0], [6979, 7103, 3.0], [7103, 7162, 9.0], [7162, 7180, 3.0], [7180, 7200, 3.0], [7200, 7232, 1.0], [7232, 7260, 1.0], [7260, 7344, 2.0], [7344, 7363, 3.0], [7363, 7386, 3.0], [7386, 7417, 1.0], [7417, 7498, 2.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 30, 0.13793103], [30, 54, 0.17391304], [54, 73, 0.0], [73, 95, 0.0], [95, 113, 0.0], [113, 212, 0.0], [212, 227, 0.0], [227, 247, 0.05263158], [247, 278, 0.0], [278, 305, 0.0], [305, 423, 0.0], [423, 447, 0.0], [447, 468, 0.1], [468, 494, 0.0], [494, 519, 0.0], [519, 634, 0.0], [634, 663, 0.0], [663, 685, 0.0], [685, 708, 0.0], [708, 727, 0.0], [727, 828, 0.0], [828, 848, 0.0], [848, 877, 0.0], [877, 902, 0.0], [902, 1017, 0.0], [1017, 1035, 0.0], [1035, 1066, 0.0], [1066, 1093, 0.0], [1093, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1245, 0.0], [1245, 1322, 0.01515152], [1322, 1338, 0.0], [1338, 1357, 0.0], [1357, 1392, 0.0], [1392, 1423, 0.0], [1423, 1499, 0.01587302], [1499, 1530, 0.0], [1530, 1556, 0.0], [1556, 1593, 0.0], [1593, 1610, 0.0], [1610, 1638, 0.0], [1638, 1670, 0.0], [1670, 1694, 0.0], [1694, 1816, 0.0], [1816, 1830, 0.0], [1830, 1864, 0.0], [1864, 1888, 0.04761905], [1888, 2009, 0.02970297], [2009, 2023, 0.0], [2023, 2054, 0.0], [2054, 2092, 0.03333333], [2092, 2104, 0.0], [2104, 2115, 0.0], [2115, 2142, 0.0], [2142, 2175, 0.0], [2175, 2280, 0.0], [2280, 2298, 0.0], [2298, 2328, 0.0], [2328, 2358, 0.0], [2358, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2502, 0.0], [2502, 2522, 0.0], [2522, 2552, 0.0], [2552, 2624, 0.0], [2624, 2640, 0.0], [2640, 2668, 0.0], [2668, 2694, 0.0], [2694, 2769, 0.0], [2769, 2789, 0.0], [2789, 2819, 0.04347826], [2819, 2842, 0.05], [2842, 2947, 0.08139535], [2947, 2966, 0.0], [2966, 3000, 0.0], [3000, 3134, 0.0], [3134, 3153, 0.0], [3153, 3181, 0.0], [3181, 3199, 0.0], [3199, 3230, 0.0], [3230, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3302, 0.0], [3302, 3417, 0.0], [3417, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3553, 0.04166667], [3553, 3567, 0.0], [3567, 3598, 0.0], [3598, 3621, 0.0], [3621, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 3777, 0.0], [3777, 3799, 0.0], [3799, 3913, 0.0], [3913, 3928, 0.0], [3928, 3952, 0.0], [3952, 4054, 0.0], [4054, 4080, 0.08695652], [4080, 4111, 0.0], [4111, 4141, 0.0], [4141, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4282, 0.04166667], [4282, 4306, 0.0], [4306, 4320, 0.0], [4320, 4346, 0.04], [4346, 4409, 0.28846154], [4409, 4427, 0.0], [4427, 4470, 0.0], [4470, 4488, 0.0], [4488, 4530, 0.0], [4530, 4549, 0.0], [4549, 4585, 0.0], [4585, 4613, 0.0], [4613, 4739, 0.02803738], [4739, 4754, 0.0], [4754, 4781, 0.07692308], [4781, 4809, 0.0], [4809, 4848, 0.0], [4848, 4880, 0.03225806], [4880, 4900, 0.0], [4900, 4928, 0.16], [4928, 4940, 0.0], [4940, 4970, 0.04347826], [4970, 4992, 0.05263158], [4992, 5031, 0.03225806], [5031, 5051, 0.0], [5051, 5071, 0.0], [5071, 5089, 0.0], [5089, 5117, 0.16], [5117, 5162, 0.02564103], [5162, 5182, 0.0], [5182, 5350, 0.03355705], [5350, 5407, 0.0], [5407, 5427, 0.0], [5427, 5451, 0.19047619], [5451, 5462, 0.0], [5462, 5478, 0.0], [5478, 5513, 0.03571429], [5513, 5538, 0.04545455], [5538, 5581, 0.02777778], [5581, 5599, 0.0], [5599, 5636, 0.0], [5636, 5665, 0.0], [5665, 5704, 0.0], [5704, 5718, 0.0], [5718, 5752, 0.0], [5752, 5767, 0.0], [5767, 5795, 0.0], [5795, 5814, 0.0], [5814, 5845, 0.04166667], [5845, 5872, 0.04166667], [5872, 5952, 0.03030303], [5952, 5967, 0.0], [5967, 6003, 0.0], [6003, 6031, 0.0], [6031, 6075, 0.0], [6075, 6089, 0.0], [6089, 6122, 0.0], [6122, 6146, 0.0], [6146, 6171, 0.22727273], [6171, 6194, 0.0], [6194, 6244, 0.0], [6244, 6257, 0.0], [6257, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6323, 0.0], [6323, 6339, 0.0], [6339, 6365, 0.26086957], [6365, 6403, 0.0], [6403, 6429, 0.0], [6429, 6475, 0.0], [6475, 6494, 0.0], [6494, 6518, 0.19047619], [6518, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6598, 0.0], [6598, 6649, 0.0], [6649, 6708, 0.0], [6708, 6726, 0.0], [6726, 6757, 0.17857143], [6757, 6787, 0.0], [6787, 6863, 0.0], [6863, 6878, 0.0], [6878, 6908, 0.0], [6908, 6934, 0.0], [6934, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 6979, 0.0], [6979, 7103, 0.00961538], [7103, 7162, 0.0], [7162, 7180, 0.0], [7180, 7200, 0.23529412], [7200, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7260, 0.16], [7260, 7344, 0.02777778], [7344, 7363, 0.0], [7363, 7386, 0.0], [7386, 7417, 0.0], [7417, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 30, 0.0], [30, 54, 0.0], [54, 73, 0.0], [73, 95, 0.0], [95, 113, 0.0], [113, 212, 0.0], [212, 227, 0.0], [227, 247, 0.0], [247, 278, 0.0], [278, 305, 0.0], [305, 423, 0.0], [423, 447, 0.0], [447, 468, 0.0], [468, 494, 0.0], [494, 519, 0.0], [519, 634, 0.0], [634, 663, 0.0], [663, 685, 0.0], [685, 708, 0.0], [708, 727, 0.0], [727, 828, 0.0], [828, 848, 0.0], [848, 877, 0.0], [877, 902, 0.0], [902, 1017, 0.0], [1017, 1035, 0.0], [1035, 1066, 0.0], [1066, 1093, 0.0], [1093, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1186, 0.0], [1186, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1245, 0.0], [1245, 1322, 0.0], [1322, 1338, 0.0], [1338, 1357, 0.0], [1357, 1392, 0.0], [1392, 1423, 0.0], [1423, 1499, 0.0], [1499, 1530, 0.0], [1530, 1556, 0.0], [1556, 1593, 0.0], [1593, 1610, 0.0], [1610, 1638, 0.0], [1638, 1670, 0.0], [1670, 1694, 0.0], [1694, 1816, 0.0], [1816, 1830, 0.0], [1830, 1864, 0.0], [1864, 1888, 0.0], [1888, 2009, 0.0], [2009, 2023, 0.0], [2023, 2054, 0.0], [2054, 2092, 0.0], [2092, 2104, 0.0], [2104, 2115, 0.0], [2115, 2142, 0.0], [2142, 2175, 0.0], [2175, 2280, 0.0], [2280, 2298, 0.0], [2298, 2328, 0.0], [2328, 2358, 0.0], [2358, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2502, 0.0], [2502, 2522, 0.0], [2522, 2552, 0.0], [2552, 2624, 0.0], [2624, 2640, 0.0], [2640, 2668, 0.0], [2668, 2694, 0.0], [2694, 2769, 0.0], [2769, 2789, 0.0], [2789, 2819, 0.0], [2819, 2842, 0.0], [2842, 2947, 0.0], [2947, 2966, 0.0], [2966, 3000, 0.0], [3000, 3134, 0.0], [3134, 3153, 0.0], [3153, 3181, 0.0], [3181, 3199, 0.0], [3199, 3230, 0.0], [3230, 3244, 0.0], [3244, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3302, 0.0], [3302, 3417, 0.0], [3417, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3553, 0.0], [3553, 3567, 0.0], [3567, 3598, 0.0], [3598, 3621, 0.0], [3621, 3735, 0.0], [3735, 3752, 0.0], [3752, 3777, 0.0], [3777, 3799, 0.0], [3799, 3913, 0.0], [3913, 3928, 0.0], [3928, 3952, 0.0], [3952, 4054, 0.0], [4054, 4080, 0.0], [4080, 4111, 0.0], [4111, 4141, 0.0], [4141, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4282, 0.0], [4282, 4306, 0.0], [4306, 4320, 0.0], [4320, 4346, 0.0], [4346, 4409, 0.0], [4409, 4427, 0.0], [4427, 4470, 0.0], [4470, 4488, 0.0], [4488, 4530, 0.0], [4530, 4549, 0.0], [4549, 4585, 0.0], [4585, 4613, 0.0], [4613, 4739, 0.0], [4739, 4754, 0.0], [4754, 4781, 0.0], [4781, 4809, 0.0], [4809, 4848, 0.0], [4848, 4880, 0.0], [4880, 4900, 0.0], [4900, 4928, 0.0], [4928, 4940, 0.0], [4940, 4970, 0.0], [4970, 4992, 0.0], [4992, 5031, 0.0], [5031, 5051, 0.0], [5051, 5071, 0.0], [5071, 5089, 0.0], [5089, 5117, 0.0], [5117, 5162, 0.0], [5162, 5182, 0.0], [5182, 5350, 0.0], [5350, 5407, 0.0], [5407, 5427, 0.0], [5427, 5451, 0.0], [5451, 5462, 0.0], [5462, 5478, 0.0], [5478, 5513, 0.0], [5513, 5538, 0.0], [5538, 5581, 0.0], [5581, 5599, 0.0], [5599, 5636, 0.0], [5636, 5665, 0.0], [5665, 5704, 0.0], [5704, 5718, 0.0], [5718, 5752, 0.0], [5752, 5767, 0.0], [5767, 5795, 0.0], [5795, 5814, 0.0], [5814, 5845, 0.0], [5845, 5872, 0.0], [5872, 5952, 0.0], [5952, 5967, 0.0], [5967, 6003, 0.0], [6003, 6031, 0.0], [6031, 6075, 0.0], [6075, 6089, 0.0], [6089, 6122, 0.0], [6122, 6146, 0.0], [6146, 6171, 0.0], [6171, 6194, 0.0], [6194, 6244, 0.0], [6244, 6257, 0.0], [6257, 6275, 0.0], [6275, 6323, 0.0], [6323, 6339, 0.0], [6339, 6365, 0.0], [6365, 6403, 0.0], [6403, 6429, 0.0], [6429, 6475, 0.0], [6475, 6494, 0.0], [6494, 6518, 0.0], [6518, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6598, 0.0], [6598, 6649, 0.0], [6649, 6708, 0.0], [6708, 6726, 0.0], [6726, 6757, 0.0], [6757, 6787, 0.0], [6787, 6863, 0.0], [6863, 6878, 0.0], [6878, 6908, 0.0], [6908, 6934, 0.0], [6934, 6949, 0.0], [6949, 6979, 0.0], [6979, 7103, 0.0], [7103, 7162, 0.0], [7162, 7180, 0.0], [7180, 7200, 0.0], [7200, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7260, 0.0], [7260, 7344, 0.0], [7344, 7363, 0.0], [7363, 7386, 0.0], [7386, 7417, 0.0], [7417, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 30, 0.1], [30, 54, 0.70833333], [54, 73, 0.26315789], [73, 95, 0.0], [95, 113, 0.0], [113, 212, 0.03030303], [212, 227, 0.13333333], [227, 247, 0.2], [247, 278, 0.0], [278, 305, 0.0], [305, 423, 0.03389831], [423, 447, 0.20833333], [447, 468, 0.19047619], [468, 494, 0.0], [494, 519, 0.0], [519, 634, 0.02608696], [634, 663, 0.13793103], [663, 685, 0.13636364], [685, 708, 0.0], [708, 727, 0.0], [727, 828, 0.0], [828, 848, 0.15], [848, 877, 0.0], [877, 902, 0.0], [902, 1017, 0.04347826], [1017, 1035, 0.11111111], [1035, 1066, 0.0], [1066, 1093, 0.0], [1093, 1172, 0.05063291], [1172, 1186, 0.14285714], [1186, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1245, 0.07407407], [1245, 1322, 0.11688312], [1322, 1338, 0.125], [1338, 1357, 0.10526316], [1357, 1392, 0.0], [1392, 1423, 0.0], [1423, 1499, 0.0], [1499, 1530, 0.0], [1530, 1556, 0.0], [1556, 1593, 0.0], [1593, 1610, 0.11764706], [1610, 1638, 0.14285714], [1638, 1670, 0.0], [1670, 1694, 0.0], [1694, 1816, 0.01639344], [1816, 1830, 0.14285714], [1830, 1864, 0.0], [1864, 1888, 0.0], [1888, 2009, 0.03305785], [2009, 2023, 0.14285714], [2023, 2054, 0.0], [2054, 2092, 0.07894737], [2092, 2104, 0.83333333], [2104, 2115, 0.18181818], [2115, 2142, 0.0], [2142, 2175, 0.15151515], [2175, 2280, 0.01904762], [2280, 2298, 0.16666667], [2298, 2328, 0.0], [2328, 2358, 0.03333333], [2358, 2472, 0.0], [2472, 2502, 0.86666667], [2502, 2522, 0.15], [2522, 2552, 0.0], [2552, 2624, 0.02777778], [2624, 2640, 0.1875], [2640, 2668, 0.0], [2668, 2694, 0.0], [2694, 2769, 0.04], [2769, 2789, 0.15], [2789, 2819, 0.0], [2819, 2842, 0.0], [2842, 2947, 0.03809524], [2947, 2966, 0.15789474], [2966, 3000, 0.0], [3000, 3134, 0.03731343], [3134, 3153, 0.15789474], [3153, 3181, 0.0], [3181, 3199, 0.16666667], [3199, 3230, 0.0], [3230, 3244, 0.14285714], [3244, 3277, 0.0], [3277, 3302, 0.0], [3302, 3417, 0.03478261], [3417, 3435, 0.11111111], [3435, 3553, 0.0], [3553, 3567, 0.14285714], [3567, 3598, 0.0], [3598, 3621, 0.0], [3621, 3735, 0.07894737], [3735, 3752, 0.17647059], [3752, 3777, 0.0], [3777, 3799, 0.0], [3799, 3913, 0.04385965], [3913, 3928, 0.2], [3928, 3952, 0.0], [3952, 4054, 0.02941176], [4054, 4080, 0.11538462], [4080, 4111, 0.12903226], [4111, 4141, 0.0], [4141, 4167, 0.0], [4167, 4282, 0.0173913], [4282, 4306, 0.875], [4306, 4320, 0.14285714], [4320, 4346, 0.11538462], [4346, 4409, 0.03174603], [4409, 4427, 0.16666667], [4427, 4470, 0.0], [4470, 4488, 0.16666667], [4488, 4530, 0.0], [4530, 4549, 0.15789474], [4549, 4585, 0.0], [4585, 4613, 0.0], [4613, 4739, 0.02380952], [4739, 4754, 0.2], [4754, 4781, 0.11111111], [4781, 4809, 0.0], [4809, 4848, 0.0], [4848, 4880, 0.6875], [4880, 4900, 0.15], [4900, 4928, 0.17857143], [4928, 4940, 0.16666667], [4940, 4970, 0.0], [4970, 4992, 0.0], [4992, 5031, 0.05128205], [5031, 5051, 0.15], [5051, 5071, 0.15], [5071, 5089, 0.16666667], [5089, 5117, 0.17857143], [5117, 5162, 0.0], [5162, 5182, 0.0], [5182, 5350, 0.07142857], [5350, 5407, 0.8245614], [5407, 5427, 0.15], [5427, 5451, 0.20833333], [5451, 5462, 0.18181818], [5462, 5478, 0.1875], [5478, 5513, 0.0], [5513, 5538, 0.12], [5538, 5581, 0.06976744], [5581, 5599, 0.16666667], [5599, 5636, 0.0], [5636, 5665, 0.0], [5665, 5704, 0.05128205], [5704, 5718, 0.14285714], [5718, 5752, 0.0], [5752, 5767, 0.2], [5767, 5795, 0.0], [5795, 5814, 0.15789474], [5814, 5845, 0.0], [5845, 5872, 0.0], [5872, 5952, 0.0], [5952, 5967, 0.13333333], [5967, 6003, 0.0], [6003, 6031, 0.0], [6031, 6075, 0.0], [6075, 6089, 0.21428571], [6089, 6122, 0.0], [6122, 6146, 0.125], [6146, 6171, 0.2], [6171, 6194, 0.13043478], [6194, 6244, 0.08], [6244, 6257, 0.15384615], [6257, 6275, 0.16666667], [6275, 6323, 0.0], [6323, 6339, 0.1875], [6339, 6365, 0.19230769], [6365, 6403, 0.0], [6403, 6429, 0.0], [6429, 6475, 0.08695652], [6475, 6494, 0.15789474], [6494, 6518, 0.20833333], [6518, 6560, 0.0], [6560, 6598, 0.0], [6598, 6649, 0.0], [6649, 6708, 0.83050847], [6708, 6726, 0.11111111], [6726, 6757, 0.16129032], [6757, 6787, 0.0], [6787, 6863, 0.0], [6863, 6878, 0.2], [6878, 6908, 0.0], [6908, 6934, 0.0], [6934, 6949, 0.2], [6949, 6979, 0.0], [6979, 7103, 0.0], [7103, 7162, 0.83050847], [7162, 7180, 0.22222222], [7180, 7200, 0.2], [7200, 7232, 0.0], [7232, 7260, 0.0], [7260, 7344, 0.05952381], [7344, 7363, 0.15789474], [7363, 7386, 0.13043478], [7386, 7417, 0.0], [7417, 7498, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 7498, 0.0014388]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 7498, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 7498, 0.395365]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 7498, -3051.50580483]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 7498, -1306.29906653]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 7498, -1977.63495355]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 7498, 296.0]]} |
ULB research
Personal data Research themes Ongoing teaching Publications
LHOAS Pablo
hortence
hortence is the Research Centre for architectural history, theory and criticism of the Faculty of Architecture La Cambre Horta of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Established in 2008, hortence counts at present more than twenty members. The personality of hortence is characterized by its members – academics, researchers, PhD students and practising architects – who all engage critically with the history and theory of modern and contemporary architecture.
As such, hortence gathers distinct areas of research strength, in particular regarding
‣ the history of the architectural modernism and postmodernism (1920-1980) (o.a. modernist architects and architecture, modern heritage, postmodern architecture);
‣ the history and criticism of the Belgian architecture (XXth-XXIst century) ;
‣ the epistemology of architectural practices and modus operandi;
‣ architecture, art and aesthetics – the study of mediation in architecture (o.a. cultural mediations, exhibitions, photography, cinema, books, journals and magazines, prizes and competitions);
‣ the study of the relationship between genre, sexuality and space.
hortence also seeks as much as possible to enhance, diffuse and to question its research through the organization of workshops, conferences, colloquia, exhibitions as well as through publications. These activities of research and service to the community reflect the engagement of its members with teaching courses on the history, theory and criticism of architecture; o.a.. the research seminar on research methodologies concerning architectural theory, the design studio HTC, and the study groups (“options”) HTC, Restoration and heritage DOCOMOMO and Archives.
ULB Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sports
U-IRIS is intended to bring together research skills existing at ULB in the fields of sports and physical activity in order to stimulate collaboration and interdisciplinary research. The research carried out within U-IRIS could be the basis of evidence-based advice in various fields of sport and physical activity. ULB and each of U-IRIS partner groups, as well as their existing activities, platforms, infrastructures and collaborations, will gain in visibility, both internally and externally in a promising and rapidly evolving field.
The research carried out by U-IRIS is designed to be both fundamental and applied. It is developed around five major axes:
- clinics / sports medicine
- high level sports / performance
- rehabilitation / handicap and sports
- sports and society (including education through sports)
- prevention / public health / nutrition.
The groups participating in U-IRIS represent the Faculties of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Medicine, Psychology and Educational Sciences, Motor Sciences, the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, the School of Public Health, the Research Department, ULB-Sports and the Erasme Academic Hospital.
Projetcs
This person isn't currently part of a projet. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1984 | {"url": "https://cvchercheurs.ulb.ac.be/Site/Compos/TH14475UK.php", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cvchercheurs.ulb.ac.be", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:41:03Z", "digest": "sha1:5B45ZMN37742PQQVJK4PDCJ7PK3CEEU2"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3063, 3063.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3063, 3128.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3063, 23.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3063, 29.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3063, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3063, 277.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3063, 1.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3063, 0.30393996]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3063, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3063, 0.02134387]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3063, 0.02173913]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3063, 0.01660079]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3063, 0.01976285]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3063, 0.03752345]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3063, 0.19324578]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3063, 0.52336449]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3063, 5.91121495]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3063, 4.82790328]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3063, 428.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 73, 0.0], [73, 85, 0.0], [85, 94, 0.0], [94, 561, 1.0], [561, 648, 0.0], [648, 811, 0.0], [811, 890, 0.0], [890, 956, 0.0], [956, 1150, 0.0], [1150, 1218, 1.0], [1218, 1782, 1.0], [1782, 1834, 0.0], [1834, 2373, 1.0], [2373, 2496, 0.0], [2496, 2524, 0.0], [2524, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2597, 0.0], [2597, 2655, 0.0], [2655, 2697, 1.0], [2697, 3009, 1.0], [3009, 3018, 0.0], [3018, 3063, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 73, 0.0], [73, 85, 0.0], [85, 94, 0.0], [94, 561, 0.0], [561, 648, 0.0], [648, 811, 0.0], [811, 890, 0.0], [890, 956, 0.0], [956, 1150, 0.0], [1150, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1782, 0.0], [1782, 1834, 0.0], [1834, 2373, 0.0], [2373, 2496, 0.0], [2496, 2524, 0.0], [2524, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2597, 0.0], [2597, 2655, 0.0], [2655, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3009, 0.0], [3009, 3018, 0.0], [3018, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 13, 2.0], [13, 73, 7.0], [73, 85, 2.0], [85, 94, 1.0], [94, 561, 69.0], [561, 648, 12.0], [648, 811, 19.0], [811, 890, 11.0], [890, 956, 9.0], [956, 1150, 25.0], [1150, 1218, 11.0], [1218, 1782, 80.0], [1782, 1834, 6.0], [1834, 2373, 80.0], [2373, 2496, 21.0], [2496, 2524, 3.0], [2524, 2558, 4.0], [2558, 2597, 4.0], [2597, 2655, 7.0], [2655, 2697, 4.0], [2697, 3009, 42.0], [3009, 3018, 1.0], [3018, 3063, 8.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 73, 0.0], [73, 85, 0.0], [85, 94, 0.0], [94, 561, 0.00873362], [561, 648, 0.0], [648, 811, 0.05263158], [811, 890, 0.0], [890, 956, 0.0], [956, 1150, 0.0], [1150, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1782, 0.0], [1782, 1834, 0.0], [1834, 2373, 0.0], [2373, 2496, 0.0], [2496, 2524, 0.0], [2524, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2597, 0.0], [2597, 2655, 0.0], [2655, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3009, 0.0], [3009, 3018, 0.0], [3018, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 13, 0.0], [13, 73, 0.0], [73, 85, 0.0], [85, 94, 0.0], [94, 561, 0.0], [561, 648, 0.0], [648, 811, 1.0], [811, 890, 1.0], [890, 956, 1.0], [956, 1150, 1.0], [1150, 1218, 1.0], [1218, 1782, 0.0], [1782, 1834, 0.0], [1834, 2373, 0.0], [2373, 2496, 0.0], [2496, 2524, 0.0], [2524, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2597, 0.0], [2597, 2655, 0.0], [2655, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3009, 0.0], [3009, 3018, 0.0], [3018, 3063, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 13, 0.23076923], [13, 73, 0.06666667], [73, 85, 0.5], [85, 94, 0.0], [94, 561, 0.03426124], [561, 648, 0.01149425], [648, 811, 0.0], [811, 890, 0.07594937], [890, 956, 0.0], [956, 1150, 0.0], [1150, 1218, 0.0], [1218, 1782, 0.03014184], [1782, 1834, 0.13461538], [1834, 2373, 0.04081633], [2373, 2496, 0.05691057], [2496, 2524, 0.0], [2524, 2558, 0.0], [2558, 2597, 0.0], [2597, 2655, 0.0], [2655, 2697, 0.0], [2697, 3009, 0.10576923], [3009, 3018, 0.11111111], [3018, 3063, 0.02222222]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3063, 0.0273847]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3063, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3063, 0.16989124]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3063, -129.80002344]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3063, -26.02984321]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3063, 57.71425224]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3063, 19.0]]} |
Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age
The Library of Congress > American Memory Home > Browse Collections > Collection Home
Building the Digital Collection
Cartographic Items
In Search of a National Identity
Browse Collection by:
Visit the Hispanic Division
View more collections from the General Collections
View more collections from the Geography & Map Division
Classroom resources for teachers
The digital collection Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Perspectives is one component of a collaborative project undertaken by the Library of Congress Hispanic Division and the National Digital Library Program to recognize the centennial of the Spanish-American War (1898). The first product of this collaboration, The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War, came online in 1998. Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age now joins it, while also expanding the Library of Congress's continuing commitment to highlight the histories of distinctive American regions through the online presentation of materials selected from a number of divisions.
Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age encompasses historically important writings by prominent Puerto Rican political activists and historians dating from approximately seventy years before the Spanish-American war (1831) until some thirty years after it (1929). Texts from the postwar period include the only English-language works in the collection. Among these are soldiers' reminiscences about the conflict and short histories designed to acquaint an American audience with Puerto Rico in the earliest years of its affiliation with the United States.
The collection comprises 11 monographs scanned from printed copies and 39 political pamphlets and 2 monographs and a journal scanned from microfilm. The pamphlets are part of the Puerto Rican Memorial Collection, 1846-1907, a collection of 447 pamphlets microfilmed in 1994 that covers agriculture and botany, economics, education, government, politics, history, literature, legal materials, and public health. Reels 13 (addresses, essays, laws, and political parties) and 14 (politics and government) are featured in Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age. All pamphlets are in Spanish. Four of the books are in English and the rest in Spanish. The materials in the collection were selected by Edmundo Flores, a curator in the Hispanic Division.
Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age does not present a socially comprehensive view of Puerto Rican history during the period it covers. The books and pamphlets in this collection were written by educated men of European descent whose perspectives inevitably differed from the viewpoints of those less privileged in Puerto Rican society at the time. Individuals of African descent, and to a lesser extent women, seldom had access to the education or technology that would have enabled them to leave published records of their thoughts, deeds, and daily life. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1985 | {"url": "https://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/oilspill/20121206175140/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/puertorico/prabout.html", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "cybercemetery.unt.edu", "date_download": "2023-03-20T08:57:02Z", "digest": "sha1:3537Q3RME7D5LB6ZGEBAI5HMHTBDDTY6"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2971, 2971.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2971, 3376.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2971, 14.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2971, 32.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2971, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2971, 180.2]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2971, 0.33846154]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2971, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2971, 0.10187449]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2971, 0.0806846]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2971, 0.0806846]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2971, 0.0806846]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2971, 0.0806846]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2971, 0.01833741]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2971, 0.02933985]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2971, 0.03667482]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2971, 0.14423077]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2971, 0.48337029]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2971, 5.44124169]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2971, 4.74762996]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2971, 451.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 128, 0.0], [128, 160, 0.0], [160, 179, 0.0], [179, 212, 0.0], [212, 234, 0.0], [234, 262, 0.0], [262, 313, 0.0], [313, 369, 0.0], [369, 402, 0.0], [402, 1099, 1.0], [1099, 1658, 1.0], [1658, 2408, 1.0], [2408, 2971, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 128, 0.0], [128, 160, 0.0], [160, 179, 0.0], [179, 212, 0.0], [212, 234, 0.0], [234, 262, 0.0], [262, 313, 0.0], [313, 369, 0.0], [369, 402, 0.0], [402, 1099, 0.0], [1099, 1658, 0.0], [1658, 2408, 0.0], [2408, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 42, 9.0], [42, 128, 11.0], [128, 160, 4.0], [160, 179, 2.0], [179, 212, 6.0], [212, 234, 3.0], [234, 262, 4.0], [262, 313, 7.0], [313, 369, 8.0], [369, 402, 4.0], [402, 1099, 104.0], [1099, 1658, 82.0], [1658, 2408, 115.0], [2408, 2971, 92.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 128, 0.0], [128, 160, 0.0], [160, 179, 0.0], [179, 212, 0.0], [212, 234, 0.0], [234, 262, 0.0], [262, 313, 0.0], [313, 369, 0.0], [369, 402, 0.0], [402, 1099, 0.01764706], [1099, 1658, 0.01459854], [1658, 2408, 0.03314917], [2408, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 42, 0.0], [42, 128, 0.0], [128, 160, 0.0], [160, 179, 0.0], [179, 212, 0.0], [212, 234, 0.0], [234, 262, 0.0], [262, 313, 0.0], [313, 369, 0.0], [369, 402, 0.0], [402, 1099, 0.0], [1099, 1658, 0.0], [1658, 2408, 0.0], [2408, 2971, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 42, 0.11904762], [42, 128, 0.11627907], [128, 160, 0.09375], [160, 179, 0.10526316], [179, 212, 0.12121212], [212, 234, 0.09090909], [234, 262, 0.10714286], [262, 313, 0.05882353], [313, 369, 0.07142857], [369, 402, 0.03030303], [402, 1099, 0.05308465], [1099, 1658, 0.03041145], [1658, 2408, 0.02933333], [2408, 2971, 0.02309059]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2971, 0.00753587]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2971, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2971, 0.81200528]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2971, -79.92886277]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2971, 0.28554621]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2971, 119.14374103]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2971, 15.0]]} |
GAMEDAY Womens Basketball
North Carolina 61, Duke 56
CHAPEL HILL, N.C. - Deja Kelly scored 19 points, Alyssa Ustby had 10 of her 16 in the pivotal third quarter and No. 17 North Carolina held off No. 13 Duke, ending the Blue Devils' 11-game winning streak.
Eva Hodgson's only points of the game came at the foul line in the closing seconds, her pair with 2.8 seconds wrapping up the win.
Kennedy Todd-Williams added 13 points for the Tar Heels (13-5, 4-3 Atlantic Coast Conference), who have won four straight conference games after losing their first three. They made 6 of 10 shots from the field and 8 of 10 free throws in the fourth quarter to improve to 5-3 against ranked teams this season.
Shayeann Day-Wilson scored a season-high 24 points for the Blue Devils (16-2, 6-1) but missed five free throws in the fourth quarter. Reigan Richardson added 12 points. Leading scorer Celeste Taylor was limited to one basket, that coming with 30.2 seconds left.
It was the 104th meeting between the rivals with rapper Trinidad James and former Tar Heels star Ivory Latta courtside. North Carolina leads the series 53-51 and it was the first time they were both ranked since March 1, 2015,
Ustby made all five of her shots and the Tar Heels went 9 of 10 in the third quarter to break away from a 21-21 halftime tie to take a 40-31 lead into the fourth quarter. The game was tied at 31 when North Carolina reeled off the last points, with Paulina Paris and Ustby both making two layups.
It was a less than artistic first half, which finished 21-21, the lowest scoring half for both teams this season.
Duke couldn't have gotten off to a worse start, missing its first eight shots and turning the ball over seven times before Jordyn Oliver scored at the 2:07 mark. But the Tar Heels didn't run away, finishing the first quarter 4 of 14 with five turnovers, for a 12-5 lead.
Then North Carolina had a 5 1/2-minute drought in the second quarter, but the Blue Devils only scored seven points, with Day-Wilson's jumper from the foul line tying the game at 16 at the 3:38 mark.
Kelly responded with a jumper for the Tar Hells before Day Wilson's 3 at 2:42 gave Duke the lead. The Blue Devils came back despite Taylor playing just three minutes after picking up two quick fouls.
The teams combined to shoot 15 for 50 with 21 turnovers.
K. Brown F 31 0-7 2-2 0-0 1-6 3 2 0 2 2 2
S. Day-Wilson G 30 7-11 7-13 3-5 2-3 2 0 1 1 3 24
E. Balogun G 23 4-10 0-0 1-3 3-3 0 0 0 3 2 9
R. Richardson G 23 4-7 3-3 1-2 3-3 1 0 0 2 3 12
C. Taylor G 21 1-6 0-0 0-2 1-2 1 0 0 1 4 2
J. Oliver 18 1-4 0-0 0-0 1-5 1 0 2 1 1 2
V. de Jesus 18 2-5 0-0 1-3 0-1 1 0 1 2 3 5
T. Corosdale 16 0-3 0-0 0-1 0-1 1 1 0 0 0 0
A. Jackson 11 0-3 0-0 0-2 1-1 0 1 1 3 2 0
M. Heide 9 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-2 0 0 1 1 0 0
(.333) 14-31 10 4 6 16 20 56
A. Poole F 28 2-2 1-3 0-0 1-9 0 0 1 0 0 5
D. Kelly G 39 6-15 6-8 1-3 0-1 3 0 3 3 3 19
A. Ustby G 39 8-11 0-0 0-1 3-5 3 2 3 2 3 16
K. Todd-Williams G 35 4-10 4-4 1-3 2-5 0 0 1 3 5 13
E. Hodgson G 22 0-1 4-4 0-1 0-1 2 0 0 3 0 4
P. Paris 21 2-5 0-0 0-1 0-2 1 0 0 3 3 4
A. Zelaya 9 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-2 0 1 0 0 3 0
D. Adams 7 0-0 0-0 0-0 1-1 0 0 1 3 3 0
Officials: Joseph Vaszily, Tiara Cruse, John Capolino | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1986 | {"url": "https://d1sportsnet.com/gameday/bb/JAN/19/Duke-NorthCarolina/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "d1sportsnet.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:04:29Z", "digest": "sha1:WDUHKSPBMJYIOTB64E5ZK2O2BTQO2DIW"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3186, 3186.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3186, 3951.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3186, 33.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3186, 57.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3186, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3186, 302.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3186, 0.18086225]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3186, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3186, 0.0239726]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3186, 0.0239726]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3186, 0.01369863]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3186, 0.00898973]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3186, 0.01284247]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3186, 0.03470032]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3186, 0.53522608]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3186, 0.42035398]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3186, 3.44542773]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3186, 5.08479869]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3186, 678.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 26, 0.0], [26, 53, 0.0], [53, 257, 1.0], [257, 388, 1.0], [388, 696, 1.0], [696, 958, 1.0], [958, 1185, 0.0], [1185, 1481, 1.0], [1481, 1595, 1.0], [1595, 1866, 1.0], [1866, 2065, 1.0], [2065, 2265, 1.0], [2265, 2322, 1.0], [2322, 2364, 0.0], [2364, 2414, 0.0], [2414, 2459, 0.0], [2459, 2507, 0.0], [2507, 2550, 0.0], [2550, 2591, 0.0], [2591, 2634, 0.0], [2634, 2678, 0.0], [2678, 2720, 0.0], [2720, 2759, 0.0], [2759, 2788, 0.0], [2788, 2830, 0.0], [2830, 2874, 0.0], [2874, 2918, 0.0], [2918, 2970, 0.0], [2970, 3014, 0.0], [3014, 3054, 0.0], [3054, 3094, 0.0], [3094, 3133, 0.0], [3133, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 26, 0.0], [26, 53, 0.0], [53, 257, 0.0], [257, 388, 0.0], [388, 696, 0.0], [696, 958, 0.0], [958, 1185, 0.0], [1185, 1481, 0.0], [1481, 1595, 0.0], [1595, 1866, 0.0], [1866, 2065, 0.0], [2065, 2265, 0.0], [2265, 2322, 0.0], [2322, 2364, 0.0], [2364, 2414, 0.0], [2414, 2459, 0.0], [2459, 2507, 0.0], [2507, 2550, 0.0], [2550, 2591, 0.0], [2591, 2634, 0.0], [2634, 2678, 0.0], [2678, 2720, 0.0], [2720, 2759, 0.0], [2759, 2788, 0.0], [2788, 2830, 0.0], [2830, 2874, 0.0], [2874, 2918, 0.0], [2918, 2970, 0.0], [2970, 3014, 0.0], [3014, 3054, 0.0], [3054, 3094, 0.0], [3094, 3133, 0.0], [3133, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 26, 3.0], [26, 53, 5.0], [53, 257, 37.0], [257, 388, 25.0], [388, 696, 54.0], [696, 958, 42.0], [958, 1185, 40.0], [1185, 1481, 59.0], [1481, 1595, 20.0], [1595, 1866, 50.0], [1866, 2065, 36.0], [2065, 2265, 36.0], [2265, 2322, 11.0], [2322, 2364, 14.0], [2364, 2414, 14.0], [2414, 2459, 14.0], [2459, 2507, 14.0], [2507, 2550, 14.0], [2550, 2591, 13.0], [2591, 2634, 14.0], [2634, 2678, 13.0], [2678, 2720, 13.0], [2720, 2759, 13.0], [2759, 2788, 8.0], [2788, 2830, 14.0], [2830, 2874, 14.0], [2874, 2918, 14.0], [2918, 2970, 14.0], [2970, 3014, 14.0], [3014, 3054, 13.0], [3054, 3094, 13.0], [3094, 3133, 13.0], [3133, 3186, 7.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 26, 0.0], [26, 53, 0.16], [53, 257, 0.06282723], [257, 388, 0.01587302], [388, 696, 0.05050505], [696, 958, 0.04819277], [958, 1185, 0.05405405], [1185, 1481, 0.04482759], [1481, 1595, 0.03669725], [1595, 1866, 0.03448276], [1866, 2065, 0.04210526], [2065, 2265, 0.02051282], [2265, 2322, 0.10909091], [2322, 2364, 0.44444444], [2364, 2414, 0.44186047], [2414, 2459, 0.43589744], [2459, 2507, 0.4047619], [2507, 2550, 0.43243243], [2550, 2591, 0.45714286], [2591, 2634, 0.43243243], [2634, 2678, 0.42105263], [2678, 2720, 0.44444444], [2720, 2759, 0.45454545], [2759, 2788, 0.70833333], [2788, 2830, 0.44444444], [2830, 2874, 0.47368421], [2874, 2918, 0.47368421], [2918, 2970, 0.4], [2970, 3014, 0.42105263], [3014, 3054, 0.47058824], [3054, 3094, 0.44117647], [3094, 3133, 0.45454545], [3133, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 26, 0.0], [26, 53, 0.0], [53, 257, 0.0], [257, 388, 0.0], [388, 696, 0.0], [696, 958, 0.0], [958, 1185, 0.0], [1185, 1481, 0.0], [1481, 1595, 0.0], [1595, 1866, 0.0], [1866, 2065, 0.0], [2065, 2265, 0.0], [2265, 2322, 0.0], [2322, 2364, 0.0], [2364, 2414, 0.0], [2414, 2459, 0.0], [2459, 2507, 0.0], [2507, 2550, 0.0], [2550, 2591, 0.0], [2591, 2634, 0.0], [2634, 2678, 0.0], [2678, 2720, 0.0], [2720, 2759, 0.0], [2759, 2788, 0.0], [2788, 2830, 0.0], [2830, 2874, 0.0], [2874, 2918, 0.0], [2918, 2970, 0.0], [2970, 3014, 0.0], [3014, 3054, 0.0], [3054, 3094, 0.0], [3094, 3133, 0.0], [3133, 3186, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 26, 0.34615385], [26, 53, 0.11111111], [53, 257, 0.1127451], [257, 388, 0.01526718], [388, 696, 0.02922078], [696, 958, 0.03816794], [958, 1185, 0.04405286], [1185, 1481, 0.03040541], [1481, 1595, 0.00877193], [1595, 1866, 0.02214022], [1866, 2065, 0.03517588], [2065, 2265, 0.05], [2265, 2322, 0.01754386], [2322, 2364, 0.07142857], [2364, 2414, 0.08], [2414, 2459, 0.06666667], [2459, 2507, 0.0625], [2507, 2550, 0.06976744], [2550, 2591, 0.04878049], [2591, 2634, 0.04651163], [2634, 2678, 0.04545455], [2678, 2720, 0.04761905], [2720, 2759, 0.05128205], [2759, 2788, 0.0], [2788, 2830, 0.07142857], [2830, 2874, 0.06818182], [2874, 2918, 0.06818182], [2918, 2970, 0.07692308], [2970, 3014, 0.06818182], [3014, 3054, 0.05], [3054, 3094, 0.05], [3094, 3133, 0.05128205], [3133, 3186, 0.13207547]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3186, 0.13733554]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3186, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3186, 0.81990999]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3186, -892.72241951]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3186, -285.88969483]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3186, -245.75413509]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3186, 43.0]]} |
US Lawmaker Says There’s No Way to Kill Bitcoin – But Will Congress Try to Stop Coinbase?
in Regulators
US Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-N.C.), ranking member of the Financial Services Committee, confirms why Bitcoin is shaking up governments, banks and institutional and retail investors around the globe.
Says McHenry,
“There’s no capacity to kill Bitcoin.”
Speaking on CNBC’s Squawk Box, McHenry gives an overview of the government’s efforts to tame Libra and its development team at Facebook by holding consecutive Senate hearings. In large part, the hearings reveal Libra’s threat as a game-changer in global finance with the power to reach billions of people overnight.
According to McHenry,
“The issue here is there’s a knee-jerk reaction to kill it before it grows. There’s a whitepaper that’s an idea and there’s a consortium of companies – some with better reputations than Facebook currently has – that are developing a digital payments platform and a digital currency. Interesting, right? Instead, we have a knee-jerk reaction to kill an idea.”
McHenry questions the role of government in private enterprise and intervention in the development of business concepts.
Slaying Facebook over its latest innovation has raised concerns about the government’s willingness to support the foundational tenets of free markets, free enterprise, product competition and the country’s history of invigorating capitalism, jobs and leadership through innovation.
“Look, in the broad sense here, I’m a friend of innovation and I’m not a friend of a missioned society where every business has to come to government with their hand out and say, ‘Can I do this? Can I bring a new product to market?’ If they comply with existing laws, have at it.
I’ve got legitimate questions that I think need to be answered, but this whole thing about yelling at Facebook about trust – give me a break. Consumers are making a choice.”
Regarding Facebook’s record on protecting data privacy, McHenry doesn’t conflate the two.
“There’s a whole slew of litigation about this. Let’s have a separate hearing about that – that’s fine.”
“The way we’ve set this up is we have guardrails. You follow the speed limit, you can drive whatever vehicle as long as it’s safe.“
Host Andrew Ross Sorkin, who posits that governments have a monopoly on money, asks McHenry if lawmakers will ultimately try to stifle the crypto industry or if they’ll let it flourish.
Says Sorkin,
“Long-term, do you think that regulators and politicians like yourself will allow the emergence of these new types of currencies if they don’t look a lot like the regulations and guardrails that we currently have around fiat currency and money?”
Responds McHenry,
“Well, I think there’s no capacity to kill Bitcoin. Even the Chinese with their firewall and their extreme intervention in their society couldn’t kill Bitcoin. So a distributed ledger, full and open, in the essence of Bitcoin as a first mover in this space, the developer of this technology blockchain and digital currencies –”
When Sorkin jumped in to point out that Bitcoin’s price has taken a precipitous drop over the past 48 hours as speculators seemingly react to a slew of high-level bashes against cryptocurrency, including recent criticisms from President Trump, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and the politicians conducting the Facebook Libra hearings, McHenry stayed on point about the foundations of the technology which has not changed since Bitcoin launched in 2009.
“My point here is you can’t kill Bitcoin. But new iterations of this that are trying to mimic it, that are not fully distributed, that are not fully open, there are different mechanisms to kill it.”
But regulators could prohibit businesses and services that provide support for Bitcoin – like Coinbase. While McHenry agrees that there’s room for a new financial product that could dramatically improve the flow of money around the globe by implementing a system that is much more cost-effective and technologically advanced than old legacy platforms such as SWIFT and Western Union, he avoided giving Sorkin a direct answer to a key question.
Speaking on behalf of Bitcoin investors, Sorkin asks,
“If you said right now that Coinbase could not accept money from an American citizen, if you said that any of these wallets cannot accept money, you – I’m not saying you’d shut down Bitcoin. Bitcoin would exist somewhere and it would be in sort of a dark web kind of situation. But it effectively would make it very, very difficult for the mainstream to use it…
If it ever gets mainstream, if it ever gets to escape velocity, does Congress, do regulators say, ‘You know what, actually – in the same way that you’re looking at Libra as closely as you are, and this is going to happen at the G7 meeting as well – do people say, ‘Bitcoin will live in the shadows. But boy, it’s not going to live in the mainstream.’ And that’s the question that I think I have and that’s the question that I think Bitcoin investors have and that’s why the price of it has come down, literally, in the past 48 hours.”
McHenry had no direct reply.
Dave Hodgson, director and co-founder of NEM Ventures, the venture capital and investments arm of the NEM blockchain ecosystem, tells Forbes that the rubber has met the road.
“Government and central banks are after Bitcoin and Libra because they reduce their ability to control markets and populations, while also making some of what they do irrelevant. It is uncomfortable when people ultimately realize that the emperor has no clothes.” | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1987 | {"url": "https://dailyhodl.com/2019/07/17/us-lawmaker-says-theres-no-way-to-kill-bitcoin-but-will-congress-try-to-stop-coinbase/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "dailyhodl.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:17:57Z", "digest": "sha1:ZZ3LK25FIO6PXPLH2HA2H7AAFC52QCAD"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 5543, 5543.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 5543, 11127.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 5543, 29.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 5543, 242.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 5543, 0.95]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 5543, 313.7]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 5543, 0.43766816]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 5543, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 5543, 0.02345133]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 5543, 0.01327434]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 5543, 0.01327434]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 5543, 0.00774336]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 5543, 0.00663717]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 5543, 0.00707965]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 5543, 0.01883408]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 5543, 0.03448276]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 5543, 0.14887892]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 5543, 0.47494553]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 5543, 4.92374728]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 5543, 0.00089686]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 5543, 5.49964585]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 5543, 918.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 90, 1.0], [90, 104, 0.0], [104, 301, 1.0], [301, 315, 0.0], [315, 354, 1.0], [354, 670, 1.0], [670, 692, 0.0], [692, 1051, 1.0], [1051, 1172, 1.0], [1172, 1454, 1.0], [1454, 1734, 1.0], [1734, 1908, 1.0], [1908, 1998, 1.0], [1998, 2103, 1.0], [2103, 2235, 0.0], [2235, 2421, 1.0], [2421, 2434, 0.0], [2434, 2680, 1.0], [2680, 2698, 0.0], [2698, 3026, 1.0], [3026, 3482, 1.0], [3482, 3681, 1.0], [3681, 4125, 1.0], [4125, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4541, 0.0], [4541, 5076, 1.0], [5076, 5105, 1.0], [5105, 5280, 1.0], [5280, 5543, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 90, 0.0], [90, 104, 0.0], [104, 301, 0.0], [301, 315, 0.0], [315, 354, 0.0], [354, 670, 0.0], [670, 692, 0.0], [692, 1051, 0.0], [1051, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1454, 0.0], [1454, 1734, 0.0], [1734, 1908, 0.0], [1908, 1998, 0.0], [1998, 2103, 0.0], [2103, 2235, 0.0], [2235, 2421, 0.0], [2421, 2434, 0.0], [2434, 2680, 0.0], [2680, 2698, 0.0], [2698, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3482, 0.0], [3482, 3681, 0.0], [3681, 4125, 0.0], [4125, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4541, 0.0], [4541, 5076, 0.0], [5076, 5105, 0.0], [5105, 5280, 0.0], [5280, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 90, 17.0], [90, 104, 2.0], [104, 301, 28.0], [301, 315, 2.0], [315, 354, 6.0], [354, 670, 50.0], [670, 692, 3.0], [692, 1051, 59.0], [1051, 1172, 17.0], [1172, 1454, 37.0], [1454, 1734, 55.0], [1734, 1908, 31.0], [1908, 1998, 12.0], [1998, 2103, 18.0], [2103, 2235, 25.0], [2235, 2421, 31.0], [2421, 2434, 2.0], [2434, 2680, 40.0], [2680, 2698, 2.0], [2698, 3026, 54.0], [3026, 3482, 69.0], [3482, 3681, 36.0], [3681, 4125, 70.0], [4125, 4179, 8.0], [4179, 4541, 67.0], [4541, 5076, 103.0], [5076, 5105, 5.0], [5105, 5280, 28.0], [5280, 5543, 41.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 90, 0.0], [90, 104, 0.0], [104, 301, 0.0], [301, 315, 0.0], [315, 354, 0.0], [354, 670, 0.0], [670, 692, 0.0], [692, 1051, 0.0], [1051, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1454, 0.0], [1454, 1734, 0.0], [1734, 1908, 0.0], [1908, 1998, 0.0], [1998, 2103, 0.0], [2103, 2235, 0.0], [2235, 2421, 0.0], [2421, 2434, 0.0], [2434, 2680, 0.0], [2680, 2698, 0.0], [2698, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3482, 0.01333333], [3482, 3681, 0.0], [3681, 4125, 0.0], [4125, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4541, 0.0], [4541, 5076, 0.00575816], [5076, 5105, 0.0], [5105, 5280, 0.0], [5280, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 90, 0.0], [90, 104, 0.0], [104, 301, 0.0], [301, 315, 0.0], [315, 354, 0.0], [354, 670, 0.0], [670, 692, 0.0], [692, 1051, 0.0], [1051, 1172, 0.0], [1172, 1454, 0.0], [1454, 1734, 0.0], [1734, 1908, 0.0], [1908, 1998, 0.0], [1998, 2103, 0.0], [2103, 2235, 0.0], [2235, 2421, 0.0], [2421, 2434, 0.0], [2434, 2680, 0.0], [2680, 2698, 0.0], [2698, 3026, 0.0], [3026, 3482, 0.0], [3482, 3681, 0.0], [3681, 4125, 0.0], [4125, 4179, 0.0], [4179, 4541, 0.0], [4541, 5076, 0.0], [5076, 5105, 0.0], [5105, 5280, 0.0], [5280, 5543, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 90, 0.16666667], [90, 104, 0.07142857], [104, 301, 0.06598985], [301, 315, 0.21428571], [315, 354, 0.05128205], [354, 670, 0.0443038], [670, 692, 0.13636364], [692, 1051, 0.01392758], [1051, 1172, 0.01652893], [1172, 1454, 0.0070922], [1454, 1734, 0.02857143], [1734, 1908, 0.02298851], [1908, 1998, 0.04444444], [1998, 2103, 0.01904762], [2103, 2235, 0.01515152], [2235, 2421, 0.03225806], [2421, 2434, 0.15384615], [2434, 2680, 0.00406504], [2680, 2698, 0.16666667], [2698, 3026, 0.02439024], [3026, 3482, 0.03070175], [3482, 3681, 0.01507538], [3681, 4125, 0.03153153], [4125, 4179, 0.05555556], [4179, 4541, 0.01933702], [4541, 5076, 0.02242991], [5076, 5105, 0.06896552], [5105, 5280, 0.05714286], [5280, 5543, 0.01520913]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 5543, 0.95149136]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 5543, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 5543, 0.69762099]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 5543, -326.01236559]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 5543, 204.88517039]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 5543, -476.49695204]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 5543, 42.0]]} |
CPEC: an epitome of Pak-Cheen Dosti
Shanzey Minhal Mustafa
Considering some time travel, it all started with the emergence of China on the world map. Yes! Pakistan was first among the countries that recognized this new country, China. On one had is a democratic state (Pakistan) and on the other, a communist state (China)-a match less heard of. However, Pakistan and China have been successful during all these years to take this friendship and bond a notch up a little with each passing year. Not only this, Pakistan was the first country to open the air corridor with the outside world for China and also the first among the Muslim world to establish two-way positively diplomatic relations with China.
To this day, friendship with China continues to be a cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy.Pakistan has always admired the fact that in a world full of chaos, the evergreen friendship between the two countries is a symbol of balance and stability in the South-East Asian Region. No other bilateral relationship in the world has had such huge reservoirs of goodwill on consistent and sustainable basis than the one between China and Pakistan. Hence, it becomes important here to say that trusting China has never failed Pakistan.
The most recent and promising factor and binding force between the two countries for several years from now is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. It is basically a flagship project of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative of the Chinese President, Xi. The world has its eyes on the implementation of the projects that fall under CPEC which is primarily the result of strategic framework for broadening avenues of cooperation with Pakistan in different fields. Under the historical milestone named CPEC, as much as 51 agreements or Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) were signed. These were related to the infrastructure, communication, and most importantly, the energy sector of Pakistan.
For smooth implementation of the project, Security of the Chinese engineers, professionals and workers working on the CPEC projects in Pakistan is a serious matter, but the government seems to be just as concerned. The issue has been discussed at the highest level.The Government of Pakistan had already decided to raise a special force of 15000 personnel and put to action a multi-layered security system for protection and security of the Chinese engineers and workers. For instance, recently, the security to protect the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor route in Gilgit-Baltistan has been boosted. This has been confirmed by Faizullah Faraq, the Spokesman for Gilgit-Baltistan government, that 300 have been deployed to ensure full security to CPEC route from Diamer to Hunza.
The importance of this project can be well derived from the fact that the popularity of the project has reached a global level. The most common praise about the project has been that it would prove to be a game changer for Pakistan-making it an “Asian Tiger” in the coming years. It is important to quote here that the project aims to connect Gawadar Port in South-Western Pakistan to China’s North-Western region through a large network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas. This would not only improve relations of the two countries for decades to come, but also ensure possible solutions to existing problems of the areas in use-specifically Gawadar. It would be useful here to note that we are all aware of the fact that Gawadar has long been facing a water crisis, and in the face of this project, it would not at all go ignored. The Corridor would stretch about 3,000 km from Gwadar to Kashgar.
The plan to link Kashgar in western region of China with Gawadar Port in Balochistan through rail, road network and oil and gas pipeline, will attract investments and boost trade flows. Apart from all the positive aspects of the mega project, there is some criticism revolving around the Gawadar-Kashgar corridor especially. As an emerging power, a result of the project on part of China would be that the Gawadar Port would let China gain access to the Indian Ocean. Not only that, it is in close proximity to the Persian Gulf as well which means brighte rfuture aspects are in store.
Now for the power projects alone, a total of $35 billion will be invested. The distribution of this amount at a regional level is so perfectly managed that it can be tagged as the need of the hour. Around $10 is allocated to Sindh, $7 billion for Punjab, $8.5 billion for Balochistan, $2.5 billion for Azad Kashmir, $1.8 billion for KPK, and so forth. The point to acknowledge here is that Balochistan gets much needed attention finally. There has been some criticism brimming over the view that Balochistan has many other problems to solve first, but it seems an undeniable fact that once the projects are shaped into reality, they can provide the province with ample opportunities to sustain on development. Infrastructure nowadays, is seen as the building block for developing nations and it mus be understood that once it has been set right, the rest of the improvements then follow path. Rest assured, China has a bigger plan than CPEC alone and by hook or by crook, the country ensures timely completion of the projects in association with Pakistan.
Other important projects under CPEC include the second phase of up-gradation of Karakoram Highway, Motorway project between Karachi and Lahore, Thakot-Havelian motorway, Gawadar Port Expressway, Gawadar International Airport and Karachi-Sukhar motorway in addition to a string of energy projects.Over $33 billion out of $46 billion will be invested in the energy sector of Pakistan. Under the CPEC, the hydel, coal, wind and solar energy projects will add a total of 10400 MW to the national grid. Energy security so achieved will feed directly into the national and economic security of Pakistan thereby allowing the country to unlock its true economic potential.The CPEC also entails setting up of economic zones, with a focus on energy production, which will address Pakistan’s future energy requirements.
Infrastructural developments have never failed a developing economy in the long run whether it is done with the help of a friendly neighbor or on a country’s own. This is the beauty of developing countries that they rely on their friends and it has never gone in vane. Plus, Pakistan is not a developed country to embark upon such remarkable mega projects in all the provinces burdening the people. Hence, it is futile to say that their would be a lot of negative impacts of the construction of motorways on broader local economies along the routes because overall, both for China and Pakistan, CPEC creates a win-win situation.
The Economic Corridor will take bilateral relations between Pakistan and China to new heights. Overall construction costs are estimated at $46 billion and the entire project will be completed by 2017/18.Out of $46 billion, $ 34 billion is pure investment by Chinese companies. Pakistan, suffering as it is from acute energy shortages and limited trade with its immediate neighbors, will be effectively networked.
The project would facilitate movement of good and services in the region. China being the only party involved, the region’s economy would serve to urge stakeholders in maintaining peace and stability in the South and Central Asian regions. If all the countries concerned or not concerned would keep power politics out of the way of the project, CPEC has all the required potential to shift the economic scenario of the whole region. The project would also serve as a gateway for trade between China, Middle East and Africa. Central Asia is geographically an economically closed region. With CPEC on board, it will have greater access to sea and to the global trade network.
In this way, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has the potential to bring prosperity in the entire region. The expected benefits from the CPEC are going to take Pakistan to a new era of economic growth. These investments from the Chinese side in diverse projects would prove to bring about a socio-economic paradigm shift in the existing situation of social and economic infrastructure of the country. CPEC has already been able to gather only so much attention that after the completion of the projects, Pakistan would be able to gain stronger grounds in it’s international standing in the world. Not to forget, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the biggest overseas investment announced by China to date in any single country. It is a strategic game changer in the region, and would go a long way in making Pakistan a better integrated and economically, socially and politically a stronger country too if we integrate to make it a reality that it would be. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1988 | {"url": "https://dailytimes.com.pk/66908/cpec-an-epitome-of-pak-cheen-dosti/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "dailytimes.com.pk", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:30:59Z", "digest": "sha1:HPPVOZFUEIHLW5NYBSG52K4L7OTOLOI4"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 8775, 8775.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 8775, 11046.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 8775, 14.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 8775, 112.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 8775, 0.96]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 8775, 191.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 8775, 0.43371326]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 8775, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 8775, 0.01509223]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 8775, 0.014673]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 8775, 0.01621017]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 8775, 0.00614869]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 8775, 0.01079784]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 8775, 0.12597481]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 8775, 0.39459085]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 8775, 4.96255201]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 8775, 5.43576893]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 8775, 1442.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 38, 0.0], [38, 61, 0.0], [61, 708, 1.0], [708, 1240, 1.0], [1240, 1930, 1.0], [1930, 2710, 1.0], [2710, 3635, 1.0], [3635, 4221, 1.0], [4221, 5277, 1.0], [5277, 6086, 1.0], [6086, 6715, 1.0], [6715, 7128, 1.0], [7128, 7802, 1.0], [7802, 8775, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 38, 0.0], [38, 61, 0.0], [61, 708, 0.0], [708, 1240, 0.0], [1240, 1930, 0.0], [1930, 2710, 0.0], [2710, 3635, 0.0], [3635, 4221, 0.0], [4221, 5277, 0.0], [5277, 6086, 0.0], [6086, 6715, 0.0], [6715, 7128, 0.0], [7128, 7802, 0.0], [7802, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 38, 6.0], [38, 61, 3.0], [61, 708, 110.0], [708, 1240, 86.0], [1240, 1930, 107.0], [1930, 2710, 120.0], [2710, 3635, 163.0], [3635, 4221, 101.0], [4221, 5277, 180.0], [5277, 6086, 122.0], [6086, 6715, 108.0], [6715, 7128, 62.0], [7128, 7802, 113.0], [7802, 8775, 161.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 38, 0.0], [38, 61, 0.0], [61, 708, 0.0], [708, 1240, 0.0], [1240, 1930, 0.00296296], [1930, 2710, 0.01048493], [2710, 3635, 0.00440044], [3635, 4221, 0.0], [4221, 5277, 0.01071081], [5277, 6086, 0.01140684], [6086, 6715, 0.0], [6715, 7128, 0.03], [7128, 7802, 0.0], [7802, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 38, 0.0], [38, 61, 0.0], [61, 708, 0.0], [708, 1240, 0.0], [1240, 1930, 0.0], [1930, 2710, 0.0], [2710, 3635, 0.0], [3635, 4221, 0.0], [4221, 5277, 0.0], [5277, 6086, 0.0], [6086, 6715, 0.0], [6715, 7128, 0.0], [7128, 7802, 0.0], [7802, 8775, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 38, 0.18421053], [38, 61, 0.13043478], [61, 708, 0.02472952], [708, 1240, 0.02631579], [1240, 1930, 0.04347826], [1930, 2710, 0.04102564], [2710, 3635, 0.02378378], [3635, 4221, 0.03242321], [4221, 5277, 0.0217803], [5277, 6086, 0.04573548], [6086, 6715, 0.01748808], [6715, 7128, 0.02179177], [7128, 7802, 0.03264095], [7802, 8775, 0.03494347]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 8775, 0.83927268]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 8775, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 8775, 0.3211115]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 8775, -220.07033802]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 8775, 202.3749993]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 8775, 52.43380428]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 8775, 65.0]]} |
Jumping Through Hoops for Knee Surgery
July 11, 2017 ~ Ragen Chastain
One of the most read and shared blog posts I’ve ever written is about fat people and our knees. Today we’re going to look a a specific situation. An incredibly common question that I get is from someone who needs knee surgery but whose orthopedist has refused to perform the surgery unless and until the person loses weight. This happens with other surgeries as well, but the one I hear about the most is knee surgery.
Sometimes the doctor suggests weight loss through diet and exercise. I would point out that even if diet and exercise might lead to short term weight loss (and even if they could manage exercise on a knee that required replacement!) the most likely outcome, based on the research, is that they would end up heavier than they started within a few years, which begs the question: If you think that my size is the problem, then why are you are giving me what is statistically the worst possible advice?
Now I’m hearing more and more from people whose doctor has claimed that knee surgery is “too dangerous” at their weight and has recommended … wait for it … weight loss surgery. You aren’t reading that wrong – doctors are refusing to fix someone’s knee until they are willing to have their stomach almost entirely amputated.
The first issue here is that the weight loss requirement is generally an arbitrary percentage or number of pounds, creating a situation where even if the patient achieves the prescribed amount of weight loss (short term at least) they are then offered surgery at a size at which the surgeon would have denied them if it was their starting weight. If that’s not completely ridiculous I don’t know what is.
But far worse, suggesting surgery is an extraordinary breach of the idea of “do no harm” since they are asking fat patients to risk their lives and quality of life by having a surgery that is a complete crapshoot in terms of outcome (some people are happy, some people die, some people have horrific lifelong side effects and people don’t know which group they’ll be in until they are in it) so that the patient can get a simple surgery, and the doctor can perform an easier surgery despite the fact that two surgeries are riskier than one. Jumping through hoops to receive knee surgery is bad enough, risking your life to receive it should be out of the question.
But doctors use the realities of surgery on larger bodies as reasons not to give us healthcare, rather than working to solve these issues (for example, if a fat person’s leg is too heavy for one person to hold during the duration of surgery the correct answer is to find another way to hold the leg – an extra person, a device etc. – not for fat people to simply live with chronic knee pain and limited mobility while medical science aggressively shrugs its shoulders.)
Even if you believe that fat people face additional risk from the surgery and/or have less benefit, that doesn’t mean that the procedure should be denied. Less pain and more mobility is a reasonable motivation for seeking healthcare even for patients who are unlikely to have the absolutely best outcome for any of many reasons (which is why Shaquille O’Neal received knee surgery even though it was his plan to continue the professional athlete lifestyle that trashed his knee in the first place.)
None of this is to suggest that if you are refused knee surgery you are under any obligation, or even recommendation, to try to change your doctor’s mind. That’s certainly an option (and for those who live in areas with limited practitioners and the inability to travel to see another doctor it may be the only option.) Many people have found that their best option was simply to find a more compassionate and talented surgeon who isn’t interested in simply cherry picking only the easiest surgeries.
Remember that you get to choose the path you take. While you shouldn’t have to do it, you might decide that it’s worth it to try to crash diet to lose that 20 pounds the doctor asked for so that you can get your surgery – knowing, of course, that you’ll be gaining the weight back again and probably more. Maybe it’s worth it (and you have the resources) to travel to see a surgeon who doesn’t practice from a base of fatphobia. Maybe you want to turn this into activism and start insisting that the doctor provide proof that you can lose weight long term (they can’t) or that you won’t die or have horrific longterm side effects from the surgery (they can’t) and then lobby for the procedure since their position is baseless. Or be super extra nice and try to sweet talk them into it. Sometimes trying to access medical care in a deeply fatphobic society means doing whatever it takes to get the care we deserve.
If you’re looking for a fat friendly doctor you can check out the international fat friendly doctor list at http://fatfriendlydocs.com (If you have a fat friendly doctor, please take a moment to add them to the list!.)
If you want to help make the world – including medical care – less fatphobic, join us (online!) for the Fat Activism Conference:
Click Here to Register for the Fat Activism Conference!
The Fat Activism Conference is all online, so you can listen by phone or on your computer wherever you are. Plus you get recordings and transcripts of each talk so you can listen and read live and/or on your own schedule. The conference is happening October 6-8, 2017!
If you enjoy this blog, consider becoming a member or making a contribution.
‹ PreviousFat Shaming at Commencement
Next ›If She Wasn’t Trying to Fat Shame, She’s a Natural
22 thoughts on “Jumping Through Hoops for Knee Surgery”
nancylebovitz says:
http://cat-and-dragon.com/stef/fat/ffp.html
That’s a link for fat-friendly health professionals.
Linda Arbus says:
Thanks so much for this very timely post Regan. I am actually scheduled for my 1st of 2 knee replacements beginning of August. Hospital of Special Surgery in NYC has been very fat positive actually. I met with 3 Dr’ s for consultations from this hospital, all of whom took a strong stand against the many practitioners that insist on weight loss or weight loss surgery prior to knee replacement. The only caveat is that they wouldn’t perform both at the same time because my “BMI”was too high…”hospital policy”. I had to really “prepare” myself as I ventured into the medical establishment, as so many of us do…It can be a very vulnerable and emotional experience to advocate for ourselves. I had some really negative, fat shaming experiences in the last year, prior to getting to this particular hospital.
Well…I’m pretty anxious about the upcoming surgery…the rehab particularly but I’m ready! Wish me luck and thanks so much for all your wonderful blog posts!!
Anita Norman says:
I need knee surgery, and was told by the orthopedic surgeon, “No insurance company will cover the cost unless you get your BMI down to under 26.5. They just don’t think that it’s worth their time/money to pay to fix a knee that will most likely be destroyed again by the extra weight being carried on it. If you want to pay for it out of pocket that’s fine. Otherwise you need to loose weight (oh btw, knee surgery costs anywhere from $17,000 to $61,000, which I TOTALLY have just laying around). But here’s the really fucked up part. My knee needs to be replaced because I fell in a 2′ hole in my yard that the spoiled brat neighbor kids dug and then neatly cover up with grass hoping I would fall in it because they were pissed that we told them to please play in their own yard (they were breaking the limbs of our fruit trees to get the pears and apples). Well, success on their part because I did fall in it, cracked my meniscus and hit my face on the front of the lawn mower. Yes, I called the police, but they were never able to do anything about it, because the parents refused to ever come to the door and then moved a couple weeks later in the middle of the night. So I’m fucked now with a knee that will never be the same.
OH, that is awful! I hope those kids will come to a lively sense of their own guilt before they reach adulthood.
Also, I’m sure there are *reasons* why they moved in the middle of the night.
I am faced with a similar situation. I am going to have an X-ray tomorrow to diagnose my hip. But I know that regardless of what we find out, it’s going to end up as “Well, your insurance won’t pay to fix that problem, so sucks to be you, just take your pain pills.”
Why do I know that will happen? Because my insurance is better than nothing, but barely. The list of things it won’t cover (including pain management and MRIs!) is longer than the list of things it WILL.
But, at least I’ll know why I get the sharp shooting pains every time I move my leg, right? Joy.
My sister, who is also fat, has a bum knee. It has nothing to do with her weight, and everything to do with an auto-accident. But try telling that to jerks who judge her for her weight. They think a diet will miraculously cure broken bones and torn tendons.
Sorry for your hip problem!! I know that can be very painful. I recently had a systemic case of Candida which has caused excruciating pain in my joints, especially my right hip (so bad sometimes I don’t think I’m going to be able to get out of the car). I wound up doing a F-ton of research and reading, and found a supplement that has helped me greatly. Maybe you’ve heard of it, I just want to be sure to share anything that could possibly improve other’s lives. It’s called Noni Fruit. You can get it at a Super Supplements or such. Most people use it in the juice form but I can’t do it, it tastes like you just threw last years christmas tree in the juicer and I could barely gag it down. Fortunately, it comes in a caplet form. It took about a week and now the pain is easing way off! Please, do your research and make sure it’s right for you, but it seems like it was pretty low on possible interactions. Truthfully, with any health concern that might have anything to do with weight, I’ve had much more compassionate and effective help from the naturopathics than the allopathics. Naturopaths tend to look at you as a whole person with many, many dependent and intertwined systems. I hope you can find some relief!
Thanks. I think most of my problems are from injury, but I’ll look into it.
Denny says:
Ragen- I was told exactly that= you’re leg is too heavy for surgery and we don’t have the resources to bring in extra staff” when I needed knee surgery. I was lucky that i life in riverside at the time because to find a doctor in Orange County that was willing to work with my state insurance at the time. It was almost a 3 hour drive in traffic but i was lucky. I can’t imagine living in a more rural place.
Now that I live in assisted living I see it all day. Every day how fat people are discriminated against. We have “special” beds that aren’t nearly as comfortable, we are more likely to have a room mate because our rooms are bigger and this can be very trauma to someone like me who only lived with my wife and daughter for the past 45 years. We are last in line for medications because and Ive been told “your medications take longer for the pharmacy to prepare” oh yes all fat people? I’ve sunk into a deep depression since moving in here in February march and have gained another 20 pounds lbs. So now I guess my level of treatment is inverted and proportional with the amount of weight and gain and it’s going to get worse?
Wait. What does your weight have to do with how quickly a pharmacy can fill your prescription? That makes absolutely no sense.
Now, if they had said, “That particular medication takes longer to fill,” it would make sense. I’m sure there are some medications that are just plain fiddly. But that would be the same situation for anyone on that medication, regardless of their size.
TWENTY-SIX POINT FIVE? Okay, that is just ridiculous, even for folks who DO think BMI should have anything to do with surgery. A 5’4″ woman has a BMI of 26.6 at a whopping 155 pounds. That is flat out not very big. (The 50th percentile weight for women in the US is 159.1, and the median height 63.7 inches, just under 5’4″.) Plenty of people much heavier than that have perfectly healthy knees. Assuming the figures are similar for men, they’re basically saying half the people in the US can’t have knee surgery.
I honestly feel like it was just a bullshit arbitrary number of “thin” he threw out. I will NEVER weigh that little. Never. I actually am 5’4″ and have a huge bone structure (thank you stocky ancestors) and even in highschool when I was lean and mean I still weighed closer to 200. Honestly, they can get bent. I’m done with allopathics. Naturopaths have so much more compassion and look at me as a whole person, but just a single problem they can through drugs at.
Chrisfe says:
It seems like it doesn’t matter how much you lose anyway – there are doctors who will continue to demand more. I work with someone who was told to lose 40lbs in order to have a hernia repair. They lost that amount, then were told, “Good job, you need to lose 20lbs more before we can operate.” I still can’t wrap my head around it.
My first thought was, “That doctor just doesn’t want to do surgery, at all, and is too cowardly to admit his laziness to patients, so he blames them for not being good enough, instead.”
Yeah, the logical disconnect between saying, “YOu’re too fat to operate on, so have this operation!” is staggering.
Also, why would they have someone hold the leg for a surgery? They could get shaky. Why would they not have the leg in some sort of a harness, regardless of weight or size? It should be IMMOBILIZED.
I love this quote: “while medical science aggressively shrugs its shoulders”, which made me think of Janet Jackson’s “What Have You Done For Me Lately” video, in which she shrugs her shoulders so much that my own shoulders ached in sympathy.
http://www.drsharma.ca/bmi-does-not-affect-outcomes-in-knee-replacement-surgery might be relevant.
“The researchers prospectively examined the impact of BMI on failure rate and clinical outcomes of 2,438 unicompartmental knee replacements in 378 patients with a BMI less than 25, 856 patients with a BMI 25 to 30, 712 patients with a BMI 30 to 35, 286 patients with a BMI 35 to 40, 126 patients with a BMI 40 to 45 and 80 patients with BMI greater than 45.
“At a mean follow-up of 5 years (range 1–12 years) there was no significant difference in the Objective American Knee Society Score between BMI groups.
“Although there was a slight trend to decreasing post-operative function scores with increasing BMI, patients with higher BMI had lower scores prior to surgery. Thus, overall higher BMIs were associated with a greater change in functional scores.”
I am so horrified people have to deal with this crap. Out of curiosity, does the same bullshit go on in places like Canada and the UK or other single-payer places?
I think it does, I knew someone in the UK and her wife needed knee surgery and they were about to go on a diet together (out of support) because the doctor was forcing her to lose weight to get the surgery she needed. I think something changed and she ended up not having to lose, or not as much as she was told she had to lose, or maybe she found a way around the weight loss requirement.
Tala Andromeda says:
They also don’t even consider the fact that DUH if people have crippling and agonizing arthritis in their knee, they might be overweight because they can’t burn calories by exercising or doing hardcore cardio. I had foot surgery last summer and gained weight BECAUSE I LITERALLY COULDN’T WALK, so no matter how much I restricted my intake, I still was burning nearly nothing. This year I had shoulder surgery for a torn rotator cuff, an injury and chronic problem that would exist in the same amount whether I weighed 120 pounds or 620 pounds, and the orthopedic surgeon told me politely during the pre-op that “any weight you can get off now will help me immensely during the surgery.” (How is that precisely??? My shoulder joint will slim down in the process?) Because, again, I can do a ton of exercising when my right arm is in a sling and I’m living on a ton of pain medicine.
The Well-Rounded Mama says:
The assumption is that bariatric surgery will improve outcomes, but this 2016 meta-analysis found that WLS before joint replacement did NOT actually improve outcomes. Why do it?
A number of recent studies have found that nutritional status (malnutrition measured by albumin levels) is a stronger predictor of poor outcome after joint replacement than BMI. If you are forcing people to lose weight to be able to access joint replacement surgery, you are putting them at risk for a poorer outcome if the weight loss is achieved at the expense of nutritional status. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28167877
The good news is that more and more surgeons are loosening BMI restrictions for joint replacement operations. The bad news is that they are still distressingly common and keep many people of size from accessing the surgery and improvement in pain and function. I have a new blog post series coming up on this soon. Stay tuned.
Here’s a study that found that outcomes were actually WORSE in those who had weight loss surgery before their joint replacement: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27179771
This may be because of malnutrition from malabsorption or chronic calorie restriction. Research shows clearly that malnutrition is a far greater risk factor for poor outcomes after joint replacement than obesity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28167877
Here is the link to part 1 of my series on BMI and Joint Replacement: https://wellroundedmama.blogspot.com/2017/07/obesity-and-joint-replacement-part-1.html More installments to come.
Part One of my series on BMI and Joint Replacement was on the ethics of denying joint replacement surgery to fat people. See the link above.
Part Two of my series is now up. It’s examines the research on whether weight loss and/or bariatric surgery actually improves outcome or not, and what other alternatives are available for improving outcome. https://wellroundedmama.blogspot.com/2017/07/obesity-and-joint-replacement-part-2.html
moveatlisten says:
i’m so grateful for the healthcare system in my country. there is no such fatphobe bullshit here. i always take it for granted, but now i understand how lucky am i. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1989 | {"url": "https://danceswithfat.org/2017/07/11/jumping-through-hoops-for-knee-surgery/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "danceswithfat.org", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:20:46Z", "digest": "sha1:DGDPBWIK7NMPQMHP2OBC2CNJ4YMBJQWY"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 18445, 18445.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 18445, 24961.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 18445, 67.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 18445, 395.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 18445, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 18445, 326.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 18445, 5.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 18445, 0.46387833]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 18445, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 18445, 0.02304928]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 18445, 0.00745712]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 18445, 0.00460986]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 18445, 0.00460986]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 18445, 0.00894855]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 18445, 0.00271168]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 18445, 0.00542336]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 18445, 0.03016477]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 18445, 0.15234474]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 18445, 0.31867118]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 18445, 4.53737312]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 18445, 0.00152091]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 18445, 5.96672657]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 18445, 3251.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 39, 0.0], [39, 70, 0.0], [70, 489, 1.0], [489, 989, 1.0], [989, 1313, 1.0], [1313, 1718, 1.0], [1718, 2383, 1.0], [2383, 2853, 0.0], [2853, 3352, 0.0], [3352, 3853, 1.0], [3853, 4767, 1.0], [4767, 4986, 0.0], [4986, 5115, 0.0], [5115, 5171, 1.0], [5171, 5440, 1.0], [5440, 5517, 1.0], [5517, 5555, 0.0], [5555, 5612, 0.0], [5612, 5668, 1.0], [5668, 5688, 0.0], [5688, 5732, 0.0], [5732, 5785, 1.0], [5785, 5803, 0.0], [5803, 6610, 1.0], [6610, 6767, 1.0], [6767, 6786, 0.0], [6786, 8020, 1.0], [8020, 8133, 1.0], [8133, 8211, 1.0], [8211, 8478, 1.0], [8478, 8682, 1.0], [8682, 8779, 1.0], [8779, 9037, 1.0], [9037, 10260, 1.0], [10260, 10336, 1.0], [10336, 10348, 0.0], [10348, 10757, 1.0], [10757, 11484, 1.0], [11484, 11611, 1.0], [11611, 11864, 1.0], [11864, 12378, 1.0], [12378, 12844, 1.0], [12844, 12858, 0.0], [12858, 13190, 1.0], [13190, 13376, 1.0], [13376, 13492, 1.0], [13492, 13691, 1.0], [13691, 13933, 1.0], [13933, 14032, 1.0], [14032, 14390, 1.0], [14390, 14542, 1.0], [14542, 14790, 1.0], [14790, 14954, 1.0], [14954, 15344, 1.0], [15344, 15365, 0.0], [15365, 16247, 1.0], [16247, 16275, 0.0], [16275, 16453, 1.0], [16453, 16884, 0.0], [16884, 17211, 1.0], [17211, 17385, 0.0], [17385, 17643, 0.0], [17643, 17827, 1.0], [17827, 17968, 1.0], [17968, 18262, 0.0], [18262, 18281, 0.0], [18281, 18445, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 39, 0.0], [39, 70, 0.0], [70, 489, 0.0], [489, 989, 0.0], [989, 1313, 0.0], [1313, 1718, 0.0], [1718, 2383, 0.0], [2383, 2853, 0.0], [2853, 3352, 0.0], [3352, 3853, 0.0], [3853, 4767, 0.0], [4767, 4986, 0.0], [4986, 5115, 0.0], [5115, 5171, 0.0], [5171, 5440, 0.0], [5440, 5517, 0.0], [5517, 5555, 0.0], [5555, 5612, 0.0], [5612, 5668, 0.0], [5668, 5688, 0.0], [5688, 5732, 0.0], [5732, 5785, 0.0], [5785, 5803, 0.0], [5803, 6610, 0.0], [6610, 6767, 0.0], [6767, 6786, 0.0], [6786, 8020, 0.0], [8020, 8133, 0.0], [8133, 8211, 0.0], [8211, 8478, 0.0], [8478, 8682, 0.0], [8682, 8779, 0.0], [8779, 9037, 0.0], [9037, 10260, 0.0], [10260, 10336, 0.0], [10336, 10348, 0.0], [10348, 10757, 0.0], [10757, 11484, 0.0], [11484, 11611, 0.0], [11611, 11864, 0.0], [11864, 12378, 0.0], [12378, 12844, 0.0], [12844, 12858, 0.0], [12858, 13190, 0.0], [13190, 13376, 0.0], [13376, 13492, 0.0], [13492, 13691, 0.0], [13691, 13933, 0.0], [13933, 14032, 0.0], [14032, 14390, 0.0], [14390, 14542, 0.0], [14542, 14790, 0.0], [14790, 14954, 0.0], [14954, 15344, 0.0], [15344, 15365, 0.0], [15365, 16247, 0.0], [16247, 16275, 0.0], [16275, 16453, 0.0], [16453, 16884, 0.0], [16884, 17211, 0.0], [17211, 17385, 0.0], [17385, 17643, 0.0], [17643, 17827, 0.0], [17827, 17968, 0.0], [17968, 18262, 0.0], [18262, 18281, 0.0], [18281, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 39, 6.0], [39, 70, 5.0], [70, 489, 76.0], [489, 989, 89.0], [989, 1313, 56.0], [1313, 1718, 70.0], [1718, 2383, 120.0], [2383, 2853, 85.0], [2853, 3352, 83.0], [3352, 3853, 86.0], [3853, 4767, 170.0], [4767, 4986, 37.0], [4986, 5115, 23.0], [5115, 5171, 9.0], [5171, 5440, 48.0], [5440, 5517, 13.0], [5517, 5555, 5.0], [5555, 5612, 11.0], [5612, 5668, 9.0], [5668, 5688, 2.0], [5688, 5732, 1.0], [5732, 5785, 7.0], [5785, 5803, 3.0], [5803, 6610, 139.0], [6610, 6767, 25.0], [6767, 6786, 3.0], [6786, 8020, 241.0], [8020, 8133, 22.0], [8133, 8211, 15.0], [8211, 8478, 54.0], [8478, 8682, 37.0], [8682, 8779, 20.0], [8779, 9037, 49.0], [9037, 10260, 228.0], [10260, 10336, 15.0], [10336, 10348, 2.0], [10348, 10757, 82.0], [10757, 11484, 137.0], [11484, 11611, 22.0], [11611, 11864, 43.0], [11864, 12378, 93.0], [12378, 12844, 86.0], [12844, 12858, 2.0], [12858, 13190, 65.0], [13190, 13376, 34.0], [13376, 13492, 18.0], [13492, 13691, 38.0], [13691, 13933, 41.0], [13933, 14032, 4.0], [14032, 14390, 68.0], [14390, 14542, 25.0], [14542, 14790, 37.0], [14790, 14954, 31.0], [14954, 15344, 79.0], [15344, 15365, 3.0], [15365, 16247, 158.0], [16247, 16275, 4.0], [16275, 16453, 27.0], [16453, 16884, 66.0], [16884, 17211, 57.0], [17211, 17385, 22.0], [17385, 17643, 32.0], [17643, 17827, 20.0], [17827, 17968, 26.0], [17968, 18262, 34.0], [18262, 18281, 2.0], [18281, 18445, 31.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 39, 0.0], [39, 70, 0.22222222], [70, 489, 0.0], [489, 989, 0.0], [989, 1313, 0.0], [1313, 1718, 0.0], [1718, 2383, 0.0], [2383, 2853, 0.0], [2853, 3352, 0.0], [3352, 3853, 0.0], [3853, 4767, 0.00222717], [4767, 4986, 0.0], [4986, 5115, 0.0], [5115, 5171, 0.0], [5171, 5440, 0.02298851], [5440, 5517, 0.0], [5517, 5555, 0.0], [5555, 5612, 0.0], [5612, 5668, 0.03636364], [5668, 5688, 0.0], [5688, 5732, 0.0], [5732, 5785, 0.0], [5785, 5803, 0.0], [5803, 6610, 0.00377358], [6610, 6767, 0.0], [6767, 6786, 0.0], [6786, 8020, 0.01161826], [8020, 8133, 0.0], [8133, 8211, 0.0], [8211, 8478, 0.0], [8478, 8682, 0.0], [8682, 8779, 0.0], [8779, 9037, 0.0], [9037, 10260, 0.0], [10260, 10336, 0.0], [10336, 10348, 0.0], [10348, 10757, 0.00248756], [10757, 11484, 0.00556328], [11484, 11611, 0.0], [11611, 11864, 0.0], [11864, 12378, 0.03838384], [12378, 12844, 0.01101322], [12844, 12858, 0.0], [12858, 13190, 0.01234568], [13190, 13376, 0.0], [13376, 13492, 0.0], [13492, 13691, 0.0], [13691, 13933, 0.0], [13933, 14032, 0.0], [14032, 14390, 0.11680912], [14390, 14542, 0.02721088], [14542, 14790, 0.0], [14790, 14954, 0.0], [14954, 15344, 0.0], [15344, 15365, 0.0], [15365, 16247, 0.00695249], [16247, 16275, 0.0], [16275, 16453, 0.02312139], [16453, 16884, 0.01923077], [16884, 17211, 0.0], [17211, 17385, 0.04907975], [17385, 17643, 0.03252033], [17643, 17827, 0.04790419], [17827, 17968, 0.0], [17968, 18262, 0.02545455], [18262, 18281, 0.0], [18281, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 39, 0.0], [39, 70, 0.0], [70, 489, 0.0], [489, 989, 0.0], [989, 1313, 0.0], [1313, 1718, 0.0], [1718, 2383, 0.0], [2383, 2853, 0.0], [2853, 3352, 0.0], [3352, 3853, 0.0], [3853, 4767, 0.0], [4767, 4986, 0.0], [4986, 5115, 0.0], [5115, 5171, 0.0], [5171, 5440, 0.0], [5440, 5517, 0.0], [5517, 5555, 0.0], [5555, 5612, 0.0], [5612, 5668, 0.0], [5668, 5688, 0.0], [5688, 5732, 0.0], [5732, 5785, 0.0], [5785, 5803, 0.0], [5803, 6610, 0.0], [6610, 6767, 0.0], [6767, 6786, 0.0], [6786, 8020, 0.0], [8020, 8133, 0.0], [8133, 8211, 0.0], [8211, 8478, 0.0], [8478, 8682, 0.0], [8682, 8779, 0.0], [8779, 9037, 0.0], [9037, 10260, 0.0], [10260, 10336, 0.0], [10336, 10348, 0.0], [10348, 10757, 0.0], [10757, 11484, 0.0], [11484, 11611, 0.0], [11611, 11864, 0.0], [11864, 12378, 0.0], [12378, 12844, 0.0], [12844, 12858, 0.0], [12858, 13190, 0.0], [13190, 13376, 0.0], [13376, 13492, 0.0], [13492, 13691, 0.0], [13691, 13933, 0.0], [13933, 14032, 0.0], [14032, 14390, 0.0], [14390, 14542, 0.0], [14542, 14790, 0.0], [14790, 14954, 0.0], [14954, 15344, 0.0], [15344, 15365, 0.0], [15365, 16247, 0.0], [16247, 16275, 0.0], [16275, 16453, 0.0], [16453, 16884, 0.0], [16884, 17211, 0.0], [17211, 17385, 0.0], [17385, 17643, 0.0], [17643, 17827, 0.0], [17827, 17968, 0.0], [17968, 18262, 0.0], [18262, 18281, 0.0], [18281, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 39, 0.12820513], [39, 70, 0.09677419], [70, 489, 0.01670644], [489, 989, 0.006], [989, 1313, 0.00925926], [1313, 1718, 0.00740741], [1718, 2383, 0.00300752], [2383, 2853, 0.00212766], [2853, 3352, 0.01002004], [3352, 3853, 0.00598802], [3853, 4767, 0.00656455], [4767, 4986, 0.00913242], [4986, 5115, 0.03100775], [5115, 5171, 0.10714286], [5171, 5440, 0.0260223], [5440, 5517, 0.01298701], [5517, 5555, 0.10526316], [5555, 5612, 0.15789474], [5612, 5668, 0.08928571], [5668, 5688, 0.0], [5688, 5732, 0.0], [5732, 5785, 0.01886792], [5785, 5803, 0.11111111], [5803, 6610, 0.02478315], [6610, 6767, 0.02547771], [6767, 6786, 0.10526316], [6786, 8020, 0.02106969], [8020, 8133, 0.02654867], [8133, 8211, 0.02564103], [8211, 8478, 0.02247191], [8478, 8682, 0.05392157], [8682, 8779, 0.05154639], [8779, 9037, 0.01550388], [9037, 10260, 0.0212592], [10260, 10336, 0.03947368], [10336, 10348, 0.08333333], [10348, 10757, 0.0195599], [10757, 11484, 0.01513067], [11484, 11611, 0.02362205], [11611, 11864, 0.01581028], [11864, 12378, 0.07003891], [12378, 12844, 0.03004292], [12844, 12858, 0.07142857], [12858, 13190, 0.01506024], [13190, 13376, 0.01075269], [13376, 13492, 0.02586207], [13492, 13691, 0.07537688], [13691, 13933, 0.04132231], [13933, 14032, 0.0], [14032, 14390, 0.06145251], [14390, 14542, 0.05921053], [14542, 14790, 0.04435484], [14790, 14954, 0.0304878], [14954, 15344, 0.01282051], [15344, 15365, 0.0952381], [15365, 16247, 0.04875283], [16247, 16275, 0.14285714], [16275, 16453, 0.04494382], [16453, 16884, 0.01160093], [16884, 17211, 0.02140673], [17211, 17385, 0.03448276], [17385, 17643, 0.00775194], [17643, 17827, 0.03804348], [17827, 17968, 0.05673759], [17968, 18262, 0.01020408], [18262, 18281, 0.0], [18281, 18445, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 18445, 0.22374606]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 18445, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 18445, 0.07589]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 18445, -1052.307756]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 18445, 188.36590527]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 18445, -1901.31379727]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 18445, 185.0]]} |
30 Jun Excel Present Value Calculations
Posted at 09:42h in Bookkeeping by ruipereira 0 Comments
Formula For Calculating Net Present Value Npv In Excel
Everyday Calculation
Present Value Of Future Money Formula
Present Value With Growing Annuity G I
Present Value Of A Future Sum
What Is The Net Present Value Npv Calculator Of A Lump Sum Payment Discounted For Inflation?
Continuous Compounding M
This subtle difference must be accounted for when calculating the present value. The investment is an outflow and negative, and the amount available to you is an inflow and positive. We can compute the PV without the aid of a special function by creating a discount scheduleas shown here… Additional information on the impact of frequency and term on TVOM calculations can be found atMiracle of Compounding. Rearranging to solve for the FV of a single sum is fairly straight forward… See the present value calculator for derivations of present value formulas.
This fact of financial life is a result of the time value of money, a concept which says it’s more valuable to receive $100 now rather than a year from now.
Simple interest is when interest is only paid on the amount you originally invested .
When interest is discounted “many times”, we say that the interest is discounted continuously.
See the variables of the break-even point formula and examples.
The formula can also be used to calculate the present value of money to be received in the future.
View unilateral and bilateral contract examples and understand the differences between these types of contracts.
Is applied in cell B28 to calculate that she only would need to earn a monthly return of 0.633% (or an annual return of 7.60%), to reach her goal. Instead of making a single payment for equipment purchases, a client may have to make installment payments. Financial functions in providing financial planning services for clients. Receivables, performing a goodwill impairment evaluation, determining the proper sale price of a bond, and estimating the internal rate of return on capital budgeting decisions. Present Value – The value today of a sum of money in the future, in contrast to some future value it will have when it has been invested at compound interest. This Present Value Calculator makes the math easy by converting any future lump sum into today’s dollars so that you have a realistic idea of the value received. You posted your question on the present value of a single amount calculator.
Always ask for these numbers before you agree to sell payments. This calculator assumes a fixed rate of interest that is compounded annually. Expected Present Value Approach – in this approach multiple cash flows scenarios with different/expected probabilities and a credit-adjusted risk free rate are used to estimate the fair value. A perpetuity refers to periodic payments, receivable indefinitely, although few such instruments exist.
It does not represent the performance of any specific investment or portfolio, nor is it an estimate or guarantee of future performance. If all we want is the PV of a single sum, we can use Excel’s PV function as shown here… In this case we must “synchronize” the values for i and n in order to accommodate the non-annual compounding frequency. See the discussion on “Compounding Frequency” that follows for more information on Present Value of a Single Amount adjustments made to the values of i and n under non-annual compounding frequencies. For single sums, solving for any of the other TVOM variables is simply a matter of rearranging the basic formula to isolate the variable being sought. Banks like HSBC take such costs into account when determining the terms of a loan for borrowers. When interest is discounted “many times”, we say that the interest is discounted continuously.
Learn the definition of networking capital and related vocabulary, and the formula used to calculate a business’s ability to pay its liabilities as they become due. Present value calculations are influenced by when annuity payments are disbursed — either at the beginning or the end of a period. It’s also important to note that the value of distant payments is less to purchasing companies due to economic factors. The sooner a payment is owed to you, the more money you’ll get for that payment.
Another advantage of the net present value method is its ability to compare investments. As long as the NPV of each investment alternative is calculated back to the same point in time, the investor can accurately compare the relative value in today’s terms of each investment. An “annuity” is simply a series of payments – in your case the defined benefit.
Below is more information about present value calculations so you understand the factors that affect your money and how to use this calculator properly. Although you save yourself the cost of a financial advisor, you take complete responsibility for your financial future. One mistake could mean the difference between retiring in comfort and living with the anxiety that you may outlive your money.
Discount rate The interest rate used to discount future cash flows of a financial instrument; the annual interest rate used to decrease the amounts of future cash flow to yield their present value. Money not spent today could be expected to lose value in the future by some implied annual rate, which could be inflation or the rate of return if the money was invested. The present value formula discounts the future value to today’s dollars by factoring in the implied annual rate from either inflation or the rate of return that could be achieved if a sum was invested. Analysis in Excel when reviewing retirement plans with the client.
Annuity due refers to payments that occur regularly at the beginning of each period.
As can be seen in the formula, solving for PV of single sum is same as solving for principal in compound interest calculation.
Rosemary Carlson is an expert in finance who writes for The Balance Small Business.
This rate-of-return calculator solves for the ROR for one invested amount.
Understanding the concept of present value and how to calculate the present value of a single amount is important in real-life situations.
In economics and finance, present value , also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation.
Since you are asking about a series of payments, this would not be the appropriate calculator for the problem. Given $1,000 today, it will be worth $1,000 plus the return on investment a year from today. In addition to the calculator being very accurate, it also supports 13 compounding frequencies.
The present value of a perpetuity can be calculated by taking the limit of the above formula as n approaches infinity. It follows that if one has to choose between receiving $100 today and $100 in one year, the rational decision is to choose the $100 today. This is because if $100 is deposited in a savings account, the value will be $105 after one year, again assuming no risk of losing the initial amount through bank default. The operation of evaluating a present value into the future value is called a capitalization (how much will $100 today be worth in 5 years?).
If you want to calculate the present value of an annuity , this can be done using the Excel PV function.
Function can be used when calculating the present value of unequal future cash flows.
Because it tends to erode the purchasing power of money, funds received today will be worth more than the same amount received in the future.
In this case, the bank is the borrower of the funds and is responsible for crediting interest to the account holder.
For single sums, solving for any of the other TVOM variables is simply a matter of rearranging the basic formula to isolate the variable being sought.
Opportunity cost is determined by calculating how much of one product can be produced based on the opportunity cost of producing something else.
Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, “A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow”. Here, ‘worth more’ means that its value is greater than tomorrow. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because the dollar can be invested and earn a day’s worth of interest, making the total accumulate to a value more than a dollar by tomorrow. By letting the borrower https://www.bookstime.com/ have access to the money, the lender has sacrificed the exchange value of this money, and is compensated for it in the form of interest. The initial amount of the borrowed funds is less than the total amount of money paid to the lender. As stated earlier, calculating present value involves making an assumption that a rate of return could be earned on the funds over the time period.
Therefore, the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity refers to the value on a specific future date of a series of periodic payments, where each payment is made at the end of a period. Function in Excel to calculate the future value of a present single sum allowing for a changing annual rate of return over the savings period.
Yield to Call calculations incorporate the total return of a bond using the purchase price, par value, and coupon payments. Learn details of bonds, call dates, and yields, including the YTC formula, through examples. If you simply subtracted 10 percent from $5,000, you would expect to receive $4,500. However, this does not account for the time value of money, which says payments are worth less and less the further into the future they exist. That’s why the present value of an annuity formula is a useful tool.
This Technology Workshop shows how to use a plethora of Excel functions to perform the calculations needed for this analysis. In addition, there is an implied interest value to the money over time that increases its value in the future and decreases its value today relative to any future payment.
Present Value, or PV, is defined as the value in the present of a sum of money, in contrast to a different value it will have in the future due to it being invested and compound at a certain rate. A present value of 1 table that employs a standard set of interest rates and time periods appears next. We can combine equations and to have a present value equation that includes both a future value lump sum and an annuity. This equation is comparable to the underlying time value of money equations in Excel.
If you need help calculating your investment’s rate-of-return, I have several calculators on this site that will calculate it for you. This rate-of-return calculator solves for the ROR for one invested amount. While the IRR calculator solves for the return-on-investment when you have made a series of investments or withdrawals. If you’re interested in selling your annuity or structured settlement payments, a representative will provide you with a free, no-obligation quote. Companies that purchase annuities use the present value formula — along with other variables — to calculate the worth of future payments in today’s dollars.
As you know from the previous sections, to find the PV of a payment you need to know the future value , the number of time periods in question, and the interest rate. The interest rate, in this context, is more commonly called the discount rate. A discount rate directly affects the value of an annuity and how much money you receive from a purchasing company.
Present Value Of A Single Amount
If the problem doesn’t say otherwise, it’s safe to assume the interest compounds. Finding the present value of an amount of money is finding the amount of money today that is worth the same as an amount of money in the future, given a certain interest rate. Calculating the present value is a matter of plugging FV, the interest rate, and the number of periods into an equation. For both forms of interest, the number of periods varies jointly with FV and inversely with PV.
As a general rule, the processing power of the database server is best reserved for performing large scale data modification and retrieval operations rather than arithmetic calculations. I included this example only to show that such TVOM calculations are possible using Microsoft’s implementation of the SQL language (called T-SQL or Transact-SQL). The reader should be aware that doing so can make for a very expensive query. Be sure to consider all of the options before including such functionality in your production SQL code. Taking all of this into account, if we rewrite the standard present value of a single sum equation to incorporate the synchronization process, it looks like this… Note the distinction between the PV of a single sum and the future value of a single sum.
The first step is to identify if the interest is simple or compound. The interest rate and number of periods must have consistent units. The PV is what a future sum is worth today given a specific interest rate (often called a “discount rate”). Discounting cash flows, like our $25,000, simply means that we take inflation and the fact that money can earn interest into account. Since you do not have the $25,000 in your hand today, you cannot earn interest on it, so it is discounted today. Present value of a future single sum of money is the value that is obtained when the future value is discounted at a specific given rate of interest. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1990 | {"url": "https://datarecoveryguy.com/excel-present-value-calculations/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "datarecoveryguy.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:51:37Z", "digest": "sha1:RJEFOIXJSOM5L4RCWFAO3DYRX2CZTZES"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 13387, 13387.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 13387, 14455.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 13387, 48.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 13387, 78.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 13387, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 13387, 256.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 13387, 0.44435798]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 13387, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 13387, 0.04833226]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 13387, 0.11256087]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 13387, 0.08490306]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 13387, 0.05990995]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 13387, 0.05439677]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 13387, 0.04833226]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 13387, 0.04190021]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 13387, 0.01929615]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 13387, 0.01102637]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 13387, 0.01634241]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 13387, 0.11478599]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 13387, 0.28552515]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 13387, 4.8027361]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 13387, 0.00155642]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 13387, 5.36013647]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 13387, 2266.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 40, 0.0], [40, 97, 0.0], [97, 152, 0.0], [152, 173, 0.0], [173, 211, 0.0], [211, 250, 0.0], [250, 280, 0.0], [280, 373, 1.0], [373, 398, 0.0], [398, 958, 1.0], [958, 1115, 1.0], [1115, 1201, 1.0], [1201, 1296, 1.0], [1296, 1360, 1.0], [1360, 1459, 1.0], [1459, 1572, 1.0], [1572, 2477, 1.0], [2477, 2916, 1.0], [2916, 3804, 1.0], [3804, 4301, 1.0], [4301, 4658, 1.0], [4658, 5058, 1.0], [5058, 5696, 1.0], [5696, 5781, 1.0], [5781, 5908, 1.0], [5908, 5992, 1.0], [5992, 6067, 1.0], [6067, 6206, 1.0], [6206, 6370, 1.0], [6370, 6670, 1.0], [6670, 7242, 1.0], [7242, 7347, 1.0], [7347, 7433, 1.0], [7433, 7575, 1.0], [7575, 7692, 1.0], [7692, 7843, 1.0], [7843, 7988, 1.0], [7988, 8795, 1.0], [8795, 9136, 1.0], [9136, 9651, 1.0], [9651, 9949, 1.0], [9949, 10457, 1.0], [10457, 11092, 1.0], [11092, 11453, 1.0], [11453, 11486, 0.0], [11486, 11961, 1.0], [11961, 12746, 1.0], [12746, 13387, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 40, 0.0], [40, 97, 0.0], [97, 152, 0.0], [152, 173, 0.0], [173, 211, 0.0], [211, 250, 0.0], [250, 280, 0.0], [280, 373, 0.0], [373, 398, 0.0], [398, 958, 0.0], [958, 1115, 0.0], [1115, 1201, 0.0], [1201, 1296, 0.0], [1296, 1360, 0.0], [1360, 1459, 0.0], [1459, 1572, 0.0], [1572, 2477, 0.0], [2477, 2916, 0.0], [2916, 3804, 0.0], [3804, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4658, 0.0], [4658, 5058, 0.0], [5058, 5696, 0.0], [5696, 5781, 0.0], [5781, 5908, 0.0], [5908, 5992, 0.0], [5992, 6067, 0.0], [6067, 6206, 0.0], [6206, 6370, 0.0], [6370, 6670, 0.0], [6670, 7242, 0.0], [7242, 7347, 0.0], [7347, 7433, 0.0], [7433, 7575, 0.0], [7575, 7692, 0.0], [7692, 7843, 0.0], [7843, 7988, 0.0], [7988, 8795, 0.0], [8795, 9136, 0.0], [9136, 9651, 0.0], [9651, 9949, 0.0], [9949, 10457, 0.0], [10457, 11092, 0.0], [11092, 11453, 0.0], [11453, 11486, 0.0], [11486, 11961, 0.0], [11961, 12746, 0.0], [12746, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 40, 6.0], [40, 97, 9.0], [97, 152, 9.0], [152, 173, 2.0], [173, 211, 6.0], [211, 250, 7.0], [250, 280, 6.0], [280, 373, 16.0], [373, 398, 3.0], [398, 958, 92.0], [958, 1115, 31.0], [1115, 1201, 14.0], [1201, 1296, 14.0], [1296, 1360, 10.0], [1360, 1459, 19.0], [1459, 1572, 15.0], [1572, 2477, 152.0], [2477, 2916, 64.0], [2916, 3804, 150.0], [3804, 4301, 84.0], [4301, 4658, 61.0], [4658, 5058, 63.0], [5058, 5696, 110.0], [5696, 5781, 14.0], [5781, 5908, 23.0], [5908, 5992, 14.0], [5992, 6067, 11.0], [6067, 6206, 22.0], [6206, 6370, 27.0], [6370, 6670, 50.0], [6670, 7242, 103.0], [7242, 7347, 20.0], [7347, 7433, 14.0], [7433, 7575, 25.0], [7575, 7692, 21.0], [7692, 7843, 26.0], [7843, 7988, 23.0], [7988, 8795, 140.0], [8795, 9136, 62.0], [9136, 9651, 87.0], [9651, 9949, 50.0], [9949, 10457, 95.0], [10457, 11092, 96.0], [11092, 11453, 65.0], [11453, 11486, 6.0], [11486, 11961, 85.0], [11961, 12746, 128.0], [12746, 13387, 116.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 40, 0.05128205], [40, 97, 0.09090909], [97, 152, 0.0], [152, 173, 0.0], [173, 211, 0.0], [211, 250, 0.0], [250, 280, 0.0], [280, 373, 0.0], [373, 398, 0.0], [398, 958, 0.0], [958, 1115, 0.01960784], [1115, 1201, 0.0], [1201, 1296, 0.0], [1296, 1360, 0.0], [1360, 1459, 0.0], [1459, 1572, 0.0], [1572, 2477, 0.01016949], [2477, 2916, 0.0], [2916, 3804, 0.0], [3804, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4658, 0.0], [4658, 5058, 0.0], [5058, 5696, 0.0], [5696, 5781, 0.0], [5781, 5908, 0.0], [5908, 5992, 0.0], [5992, 6067, 0.0], [6067, 6206, 0.0], [6206, 6370, 0.0], [6370, 6670, 0.03460208], [6670, 7242, 0.03423423], [7242, 7347, 0.0], [7347, 7433, 0.0], [7433, 7575, 0.0], [7575, 7692, 0.0], [7692, 7843, 0.0], [7843, 7988, 0.0], [7988, 8795, 0.0], [8795, 9136, 0.0], [9136, 9651, 0.02016129], [9651, 9949, 0.0], [9949, 10457, 0.002], [10457, 11092, 0.0], [11092, 11453, 0.0], [11453, 11486, 0.0], [11486, 11961, 0.0], [11961, 12746, 0.0], [12746, 13387, 0.016]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 40, 0.0], [40, 97, 0.0], [97, 152, 0.0], [152, 173, 0.0], [173, 211, 0.0], [211, 250, 0.0], [250, 280, 0.0], [280, 373, 0.0], [373, 398, 0.0], [398, 958, 0.0], [958, 1115, 0.0], [1115, 1201, 0.0], [1201, 1296, 0.0], [1296, 1360, 0.0], [1360, 1459, 0.0], [1459, 1572, 0.0], [1572, 2477, 0.0], [2477, 2916, 0.0], [2916, 3804, 0.0], [3804, 4301, 0.0], [4301, 4658, 0.0], [4658, 5058, 0.0], [5058, 5696, 0.0], [5696, 5781, 0.0], [5781, 5908, 0.0], [5908, 5992, 0.0], [5992, 6067, 0.0], [6067, 6206, 0.0], [6206, 6370, 0.0], [6370, 6670, 0.0], [6670, 7242, 0.0], [7242, 7347, 0.0], [7347, 7433, 0.0], [7433, 7575, 0.0], [7575, 7692, 0.0], [7692, 7843, 0.0], [7843, 7988, 0.0], [7988, 8795, 0.0], [8795, 9136, 0.0], [9136, 9651, 0.0], [9651, 9949, 0.0], [9949, 10457, 0.0], [10457, 11092, 0.0], [11092, 11453, 0.0], [11453, 11486, 0.0], [11486, 11961, 0.0], [11961, 12746, 0.0], [12746, 13387, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 40, 0.125], [40, 97, 0.05263158], [97, 152, 0.16363636], [152, 173, 0.0952381], [173, 211, 0.15789474], [211, 250, 0.17948718], [250, 280, 0.2], [280, 373, 0.17204301], [373, 398, 0.12], [398, 958, 0.02857143], [958, 1115, 0.00636943], [1115, 1201, 0.01162791], [1201, 1296, 0.01052632], [1296, 1360, 0.015625], [1360, 1459, 0.01010101], [1459, 1572, 0.00884956], [1572, 2477, 0.01436464], [2477, 2916, 0.01594533], [2916, 3804, 0.02927928], [3804, 4301, 0.00804829], [4301, 4658, 0.01680672], [4658, 5058, 0.0075], [5058, 5696, 0.00940439], [5696, 5781, 0.01176471], [5781, 5908, 0.02362205], [5908, 5992, 0.07142857], [5992, 6067, 0.05333333], [6067, 6206, 0.00719424], [6206, 6370, 0.00609756], [6370, 6670, 0.01], [6670, 7242, 0.00699301], [7242, 7347, 0.03809524], [7347, 7433, 0.01162791], [7433, 7575, 0.00704225], [7575, 7692, 0.00854701], [7692, 7843, 0.03311258], [7843, 7988, 0.00689655], [7988, 8795, 0.0086741], [8795, 9136, 0.00879765], [9136, 9651, 0.01747573], [9651, 9949, 0.01677852], [9949, 10457, 0.01574803], [10457, 11092, 0.01889764], [11092, 11453, 0.01385042], [11453, 11486, 0.18181818], [11486, 11961, 0.02105263], [11961, 12746, 0.0343949], [12746, 13387, 0.0124805]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 13387, 0.35149956]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 13387, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 13387, 0.19695067]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 13387, -529.02992562]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 13387, 144.24556786]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 13387, -375.86612311]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 13387, 107.0]]} |
Dawmouse Montessori Nursery School
A Montessori nursery in the heart of Fulham, London. Using the Montessori ethos to inspire children ages 2 – 5 years
Dawmouse Montessori Nursery School HOME
Quality Nursery Education For 2-5 Year Old Children
“The goal of early childhood education should be to activate the child’s own natural desire to learn”
~ Maria Montessori ~
Dawmouse Montessori Nursery School in Fulham SW6 has been established for over 40 years. With well-resourced classrooms, a large outdoor area, and a spacious indoor play area, we are fully equipped to nurture your child’s physical, emotional and intellectual development. We use the Montessori method, allowing each child the freedom to choose how to learn within the prepared environment, both in the classroom and outdoors. Our Montessori teachers guide the child’s learning to support the child’s interest, providing a safe space for each child to explore and learn.
We welcome parents to make an appointment to visit the school.
Dawmouse has supported the education of children for many decades, with former pupils now coming back as parents. We pride ourselves on creating a learning rich environment, giving the children time and space to work and play, focusing on the holistic development of each child as an individual, giving them the best start to their journey through education.
Dawmouse is open Monday to Friday from 8.30 – 3.00, term time only. Aiming to provide quality childcare, with a child centred approach to learning. Working with children and the Montessori materials to provide the best start to your child’s journey through education.
Education WordPress Theme Dawmouse Ltd | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1991 | {"url": "https://dawmouse.com/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "dawmouse.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:28:25Z", "digest": "sha1:7A7SSEL5PIOY32A5YWE6XDHZMAPFU2OS"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1665, 1665.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1665, 1870.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1665, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1665, 24.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1665, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1665, 315.4]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1665, 0.33009709]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1665, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1665, 0.04959883]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1665, 0.0547046]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1665, 0.0678337]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1665, 0.00970874]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1665, 0.15857605]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1665, 0.54580153]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1665, 5.23282443]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1665, 4.58605816]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1665, 262.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 152, 0.0], [152, 192, 0.0], [192, 244, 0.0], [244, 346, 1.0], [346, 367, 0.0], [367, 937, 1.0], [937, 1000, 1.0], [1000, 1359, 1.0], [1359, 1627, 1.0], [1627, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 152, 0.0], [152, 192, 0.0], [192, 244, 0.0], [244, 346, 0.0], [346, 367, 0.0], [367, 937, 0.0], [937, 1000, 0.0], [1000, 1359, 0.0], [1359, 1627, 0.0], [1627, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 35, 4.0], [35, 152, 21.0], [152, 192, 5.0], [192, 244, 8.0], [244, 346, 17.0], [346, 367, 2.0], [367, 937, 88.0], [937, 1000, 11.0], [1000, 1359, 58.0], [1359, 1627, 43.0], [1627, 1665, 5.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 152, 0.01754386], [152, 192, 0.0], [192, 244, 0.04], [244, 346, 0.0], [346, 367, 0.0], [367, 937, 0.005386], [937, 1000, 0.0], [1000, 1359, 0.0], [1359, 1627, 0.02307692], [1627, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 35, 0.0], [35, 152, 0.0], [152, 192, 0.0], [192, 244, 0.0], [244, 346, 0.0], [346, 367, 0.0], [367, 937, 0.0], [937, 1000, 0.0], [1000, 1359, 0.0], [1359, 1627, 0.0], [1627, 1665, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 35, 0.11428571], [35, 152, 0.05128205], [152, 192, 0.2], [192, 244, 0.13461538], [244, 346, 0.00980392], [346, 367, 0.0952381], [367, 937, 0.02105263], [937, 1000, 0.01587302], [1000, 1359, 0.00557103], [1359, 1627, 0.02238806], [1627, 1665, 0.15789474]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1665, 0.02692133]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1665, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1665, 0.00398147]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1665, -122.92955662]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1665, 4.18699794]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1665, -56.98428507]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1665, 14.0]]} |
International Journal of Digital Content Management
Reviewers2021
Keywords = Donor Participation
Providing a Model for the Participation of the Health Donors in the Direction of Digital Health Developments
Mohammadreza Erfani; Shaghayegh Vahdat; Mohammad Bazyar
Volume 3, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 171-194
https://doi.org/10.22054/dcm.2022.67609.1084
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the participation of health donors in the direction of digital health developments. There are different types of this partnership, which necessitates the goal of this paper.Method: This research has been done qualitatively and it is exploratory. ... Read More Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the participation of health donors in the direction of digital health developments. There are different types of this partnership, which necessitates the goal of this paper.Method: This research has been done qualitatively and it is exploratory. Theme analysis technique has been used. Also, by examining different patterns related to charitable affairs in the country and abroad, a preliminary pattern was drawn by reviewing domestic and foreign studies. Using the snowball technique, 47 experts were selected in the qualitative section. Using semi-structured interview tools, 47 experts and philanthropists in Fars province were interviewed. The software used is ATLAS TI.Findings: Based on the results, 51 codes were identified. These 51 codes were divided into 8 categories of primary content. These 8 themes are codified plan and roadmap, interaction with donors in policy-making, providing legal facilities to donors, streamlining laws for donors, helping with education in the health sector, creating a culture for health, and spending financial resources in the sectors. Priority is given to costs in the prevention department commensurate with the treatment.Conclusion: Based on the designed model, creating strategy and planning, education and culture, ease of laws and regulations, as well as planning financial resources play an important role in managing the participation of health donors. With clear planning of health programs, benefactors see the clarity of decisions.
CALL FOR PAPERS 2022-05-30
International Journal of Digital Content Management (IJDCM) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
"This license lets others distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1992 | {"url": "https://dcm.atu.ac.ir/?_action=article&kw=69099&_kw=Donor+Participation", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "dcm.atu.ac.ir", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:11:03Z", "digest": "sha1:W6CB7ZJWCYZUWAB5RSOVTSTPPLDNXPRG"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2657, 2657.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2657, 3476.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2657, 11.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2657, 62.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2657, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2657, 339.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2657, 0.31092437]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2657, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2657, 0.23094477]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2657, 0.32314012]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2657, 0.30944774]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2657, 0.25513464]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2657, 0.25513464]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2657, 0.25513464]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2657, 0.0182565]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2657, 0.03286171]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2657, 0.01643085]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2657, 0.01260504]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2657, 0.20168067]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2657, 0.50391645]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2657, 5.72062663]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2657, 0.00210084]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2657, 4.80672907]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2657, 383.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 66, 0.0], [66, 97, 0.0], [97, 206, 0.0], [206, 262, 0.0], [262, 309, 0.0], [309, 354, 0.0], [354, 2222, 1.0], [2222, 2249, 0.0], [2249, 2385, 1.0], [2385, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 66, 0.0], [66, 97, 0.0], [97, 206, 0.0], [206, 262, 0.0], [262, 309, 0.0], [309, 354, 0.0], [354, 2222, 0.0], [2222, 2249, 0.0], [2249, 2385, 0.0], [2385, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 52, 6.0], [52, 66, 1.0], [66, 97, 3.0], [97, 206, 17.0], [206, 262, 6.0], [262, 309, 8.0], [309, 354, 1.0], [354, 2222, 279.0], [2222, 2249, 4.0], [2249, 2385, 17.0], [2385, 2657, 41.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 66, 0.30769231], [66, 97, 0.0], [97, 206, 0.0], [206, 262, 0.0], [262, 309, 0.30769231], [309, 354, 0.58823529], [354, 2222, 0.00549451], [2222, 2249, 0.33333333], [2249, 2385, 0.01526718], [2385, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 66, 0.0], [66, 97, 0.0], [97, 206, 0.0], [206, 262, 0.0], [262, 309, 0.0], [309, 354, 0.0], [354, 2222, 0.0], [2222, 2249, 0.0], [2249, 2385, 0.0], [2385, 2657, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 52, 0.09615385], [52, 66, 0.07142857], [66, 97, 0.09677419], [97, 206, 0.08256881], [206, 262, 0.10714286], [262, 309, 0.08510638], [309, 354, 0.0], [354, 2222, 0.01766595], [2222, 2249, 0.48148148], [2249, 2385, 0.11029412], [2385, 2657, 0.01102941]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2657, 0.02986079]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2657, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2657, 0.08076555]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2657, -130.68353494]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2657, -18.26689478]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2657, -13.03331204]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2657, 27.0]]} |
Hemorrhoid Treatment
Procedure & Testing Information
Understanding Colon Cancer Screening
Make the Best Choice for Your Endoscopic Procedure
Understanding Upper Endoscopy
Understanding Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Understanding Colonoscopy
Understanding Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Understanding Colon Polyps and Their Treatment
Understanding Esophageal Dilation
Understanding Capsule Endoscopy
Understanding Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Ensuring the Safety of Your Endoscopic Procedure
Understanding Diverticulosis
Understanding Esophageal Testing or Manometry
Understanding Minor Rectal Bleeding
Understanding Bowel Preparation
Understanding Barrett's Esophagus
Understanding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Pre-Procedure Acknowledgements
CDH Mission Statement
Digestive Diseases Consultants
Created in Understanding Diverticulosis
This information was developed by the Publications Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). For more information about ASGE, visit www.asge.org.
This information is intended only to provide general guidance. It does not provide definitive medical advice. It is important that you consult your doctor about your specific condition.
Download this article in PDF format
Don't have Adobe Reader? Download it here
Diverticulosis is a common condition in the United States that affects half of all people over 60 years of age and nearly everyone by the age of 80. Most people who have diverticulosis are unaware that they have the condition because it usually does not cause symptoms.
What is diverticulosis?
Diverticulosis is a condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of any portion of the digestive tract. These pockets occur when the inner layer of the digestive tract pushes through weak spots in the outer layer. A single pouch is called a diverticulum. The pouches associated with diverticulosis are most often located in the lower part of the large intestine (the colon). Some people may have only several small pouches on the left side of the colon, while others may have involvement in most of the colon.
Who gets diverticulosis?
Diverticulosis is a common condition in the United States that affects half of all people over 60 years of age and nearly everyone by the age of 80. As a person gets older, the pouches in the digestive tract become more prominent. Diverticulosis is unusual in people under 40 years of age. In addition, it is uncommon in certain parts of the world, such as Asia and Africa.
What causes diverticulosis?
Because diverticulosis is uncommon in regions of the world where diets are high in fiber and rich in grains, fruits and vegetables, most doctors believe this condition is due in part to a diet low in fiber. A low-fiber diet leads to constipation, which increases pressure within the digestive tract with straining during bowel movements. The combination of pressure and straining over many years likely leads to diverticulosis.
The easiest way to increase fiber intake is to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains. Diverticulosis is uncommon in regions of the world where diets are high in fiber and rich in grains, fruits and vegetables. Most doctors believe this condition is due in part to a diet low in fiber.
What are the symptoms of diverticulosis?
Most people who have diverticulosis are unaware that they have the condition because it usually does not cause symptoms. It is possible that some people with diverticulosis experience bloating, abdominal cramps or constipation due to difficulty in stool passage through the affected region of the colon.
How is the diagnosis of diverticulosis made?
Because most people do not have symptoms, diverticulosis is often found incidentally during evaluation for another condition or during a screening exam for polyps. Gastroenterologists can directly visualize the diverticula (more than one pouch, or diverticulum) in the colon during a procedure that uses a small camera attached to a lighted, flexible tube inserted through the rectum. One of these procedures is a sigmoidoscopy, which uses a short tube to examine only the rectum and lower part of the colon. A colonoscopy uses a longer tube to examine the entire colon. Diverticulosis can also be seen using other imaging tests, for example by computed tomography (CT) scan or barium x-ray.
What is the treatment for diverticulosis?
Once diverticula form, they do not disappear by themselves. Fortunately, most patients with diverticulosis do not have symptoms and, therefore, do not need treatment.
When diverticulosis is accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating or constipation, your doctor may recommend a high-fiber diet to help make stools softer and easier to pass. While it is recommended that we consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber daily, most people only get about half that amount. The easiest way to increase fiber intake is to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains. Apples, pears, broccoli, carrots, squash, baked beans, kidney beans, and lima beans are a few examples of high-fiber foods. As an alternative, your doctor may recommend a supplemental fiber product such as psyllium, methylcellulose, or poly-carbophil. These products come in various forms including pills, powders and wafers. Supplemental fiber products help to bulk up and soften the stool, which makes bowel movements easier to pass. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to help relax spasms in the colon that cause abdominal cramping or discomfort.
Bleeding in the colon may occur from a diverticulum. Intestinal blockage may occur in the colon from repeated attacks of diverticulitis. If left untreated, diverticulitis may lead to an abscess outside the colon wall or an infection in the lining of the abdominal cavity.
Are there complications from diverticulosis?
Diverticulosis may lead to several complications including inflammation, infection, bleeding or intestinal blockage. Fortunately, diverticulosis does not lead to cancer.
Diverticulitis occurs when the pouches become infected or inflamed. This condition usually produces localized abdominal pain, tenderness to touch and fever. A person with diverticulitis may also experience nausea, vomiting, shaking, chills or constipation. Your doctor may order a CT scan to confirm a diagnosis of diverticulitis. Minor cases of infection are usually treated with oral antibiotics and do not require admission to the hospital. If left untreated, diverticulitis may lead to a collection of pus (called an abscess) outside the colon wall or a generalized infection in the lining of the abdominal cavity, a condition referred to as peritonitis. Usually a CT scan is required to diagnose an abscess, and treatment usually requires a hospital stay, antibiotics administered through a vein and possibly drainage of the abscess. Repeated attacks of diverticulitis may require surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon. Bleeding in the colon may occur from a diverticulum and is called diverticular bleeding. This is the most common cause of major colonic bleeding in patients over 40 years old and is usually noticed as passage of red or maroon blood through the rectum. Most diverticular bleeding stops on its own; however, if it does not, a colonoscopy may be required for evaluation. If bleeding is severe or persists, a hospital stay is usually required to administer intravenous fluids or possibly blood transfusions. In addition, a colonoscopy may be required to determine the cause of bleeding and to treat the bleeding. Occasionally, surgery or other procedures may be necessary to stop bleeding that cannot be stopped by other methods. Intestinal blockage may occur in the colon from repeated attacks of diverticulitis. In this case, surgery may be necessary to remove the involved area of the colon.
Important Reminder: This information is intended only to provide general guidance. It does not provide definitive medical advice. It is very important that you consult your doctor about your specific condition.
Since its founding in 1941, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) has been dedicated to advancing patient care and digestive health by promoting excellence in gastrointestinal endoscopy. ASGE, with more than 11,000 members worldwide, promotes the highest standards for endoscopic training and practice, fosters endoscopic research, and is the foremost resource for endoscopic education.
This patient education brochure was developed by the Publications Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. This information is the opinion of and provided by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy www.asge.org and www.screen4coloncancer.org
Copyright ©2010. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. All rights reserved. This information may not be reproduced without express written permission by ASGE. For permission requests, please contact the ASGE Communications Department at 630-673-0600.
Bourbonnais Location | New Lenox Location
BOURBONNAIS LOCATION
1615 N Convent St #1
1615 N Convent St, Bourbonnais, IL 60914
1890 Silver Cross Blvd., Suite #225
New Lenox, IL 60451
Bourbonnais Office
New Lenox Office | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1993 | {"url": "https://ddcofkankakee.com/articles/asge_education_library/553773-understanding-diverticulosis/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "ddcofkankakee.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:44:34Z", "digest": "sha1:ESISR33EPPOMP74OYIDWXQR75FSKCGZN"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 9217, 9217.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 9217, 11225.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 9217, 59.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 9217, 148.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 9217, 0.91]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 9217, 227.9]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 9217, 3.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 9217, 0.37325729]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 9217, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 9217, 0.19934683]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 9217, 0.28099282]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 9217, 0.25186153]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 9217, 0.24585238]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 9217, 0.22103201]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 9217, 0.21058132]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 9217, 0.01110385]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 9217, 0.01410843]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 9217, 0.02664925]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 9217, 0.0139417]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 9217, 0.12737643]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 9217, 0.34370478]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 9217, 5.53907381]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 9217, 0.00126743]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 9217, 5.45950916]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 9217, 1382.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 53, 0.0], [53, 90, 0.0], [90, 141, 0.0], [141, 171, 0.0], [171, 212, 0.0], [212, 238, 0.0], [238, 275, 0.0], [275, 322, 0.0], [322, 356, 0.0], [356, 388, 0.0], [388, 438, 0.0], [438, 487, 0.0], [487, 516, 0.0], [516, 562, 0.0], [562, 598, 0.0], [598, 630, 0.0], [630, 664, 0.0], [664, 710, 0.0], [710, 741, 0.0], [741, 763, 0.0], [763, 794, 0.0], [794, 834, 0.0], [834, 1011, 1.0], [1011, 1197, 1.0], [1197, 1233, 0.0], [1233, 1275, 0.0], [1275, 1545, 1.0], [1545, 1569, 1.0], [1569, 2110, 1.0], [2110, 2135, 1.0], [2135, 2509, 1.0], [2509, 2537, 1.0], [2537, 2965, 1.0], [2965, 3251, 1.0], [3251, 3292, 1.0], [3292, 3596, 1.0], [3596, 3641, 1.0], [3641, 4333, 1.0], [4333, 4375, 1.0], [4375, 4542, 1.0], [4542, 5474, 1.0], [5474, 5746, 1.0], [5746, 5791, 1.0], [5791, 5961, 1.0], [5961, 7791, 1.0], [7791, 8002, 1.0], [8002, 8410, 1.0], [8410, 8646, 1.0], [8646, 8738, 0.0], [8738, 9001, 1.0], [9001, 9043, 0.0], [9043, 9064, 0.0], [9064, 9085, 0.0], [9085, 9126, 0.0], [9126, 9162, 0.0], [9162, 9182, 0.0], [9182, 9201, 0.0], [9201, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 53, 0.0], [53, 90, 0.0], [90, 141, 0.0], [141, 171, 0.0], [171, 212, 0.0], [212, 238, 0.0], [238, 275, 0.0], [275, 322, 0.0], [322, 356, 0.0], [356, 388, 0.0], [388, 438, 0.0], [438, 487, 0.0], [487, 516, 0.0], [516, 562, 0.0], [562, 598, 0.0], [598, 630, 0.0], [630, 664, 0.0], [664, 710, 0.0], [710, 741, 0.0], [741, 763, 0.0], [763, 794, 0.0], [794, 834, 0.0], [834, 1011, 0.0], [1011, 1197, 0.0], [1197, 1233, 0.0], [1233, 1275, 0.0], [1275, 1545, 0.0], [1545, 1569, 0.0], [1569, 2110, 0.0], [2110, 2135, 0.0], [2135, 2509, 0.0], [2509, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2965, 0.0], [2965, 3251, 0.0], [3251, 3292, 0.0], [3292, 3596, 0.0], [3596, 3641, 0.0], [3641, 4333, 0.0], [4333, 4375, 0.0], [4375, 4542, 0.0], [4542, 5474, 0.0], [5474, 5746, 0.0], [5746, 5791, 0.0], [5791, 5961, 0.0], [5961, 7791, 0.0], [7791, 8002, 0.0], [8002, 8410, 0.0], [8410, 8646, 0.0], [8646, 8738, 0.0], [8738, 9001, 0.0], [9001, 9043, 0.0], [9043, 9064, 0.0], [9064, 9085, 0.0], [9085, 9126, 0.0], [9126, 9162, 0.0], [9162, 9182, 0.0], [9182, 9201, 0.0], [9201, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 21, 2.0], [21, 53, 3.0], [53, 90, 4.0], [90, 141, 8.0], [141, 171, 3.0], [171, 212, 3.0], [212, 238, 2.0], [238, 275, 3.0], [275, 322, 6.0], [322, 356, 3.0], [356, 388, 3.0], [388, 438, 4.0], [438, 487, 7.0], [487, 516, 2.0], [516, 562, 5.0], [562, 598, 4.0], [598, 630, 3.0], [630, 664, 3.0], [664, 710, 4.0], [710, 741, 2.0], [741, 763, 3.0], [763, 794, 3.0], [794, 834, 4.0], [834, 1011, 23.0], [1011, 1197, 28.0], [1197, 1233, 6.0], [1233, 1275, 7.0], [1275, 1545, 47.0], [1545, 1569, 3.0], [1569, 2110, 94.0], [2110, 2135, 3.0], [2135, 2509, 68.0], [2509, 2537, 3.0], [2537, 2965, 68.0], [2965, 3251, 51.0], [3251, 3292, 6.0], [3292, 3596, 46.0], [3596, 3641, 7.0], [3641, 4333, 110.0], [4333, 4375, 6.0], [4375, 4542, 24.0], [4542, 5474, 147.0], [5474, 5746, 44.0], [5746, 5791, 5.0], [5791, 5961, 20.0], [5961, 7791, 289.0], [7791, 8002, 31.0], [8002, 8410, 55.0], [8410, 8646, 32.0], [8646, 8738, 8.0], [8738, 9001, 33.0], [9001, 9043, 5.0], [9043, 9064, 2.0], [9064, 9085, 5.0], [9085, 9126, 7.0], [9126, 9162, 6.0], [9162, 9182, 4.0], [9182, 9201, 2.0], [9201, 9217, 3.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 53, 0.0], [53, 90, 0.0], [90, 141, 0.0], [141, 171, 0.0], [171, 212, 0.0], [212, 238, 0.0], [238, 275, 0.0], [275, 322, 0.0], [322, 356, 0.0], [356, 388, 0.0], [388, 438, 0.0], [438, 487, 0.0], [487, 516, 0.0], [516, 562, 0.0], [562, 598, 0.0], [598, 630, 0.0], [630, 664, 0.0], [664, 710, 0.0], [710, 741, 0.0], [741, 763, 0.0], [763, 794, 0.0], [794, 834, 0.0], [834, 1011, 0.0], [1011, 1197, 0.0], [1197, 1233, 0.0], [1233, 1275, 0.0], [1275, 1545, 0.01498127], [1545, 1569, 0.0], [1569, 2110, 0.0], [2110, 2135, 0.0], [2135, 2509, 0.01639344], [2509, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2965, 0.0], [2965, 3251, 0.0], [3251, 3292, 0.0], [3292, 3596, 0.0], [3596, 3641, 0.0], [3641, 4333, 0.0], [4333, 4375, 0.0], [4375, 4542, 0.0], [4542, 5474, 0.00442478], [5474, 5746, 0.0], [5746, 5791, 0.0], [5791, 5961, 0.0], [5961, 7791, 0.00111359], [7791, 8002, 0.0], [8002, 8410, 0.02267003], [8410, 8646, 0.0], [8646, 8738, 0.01149425], [8738, 9001, 0.05490196], [9001, 9043, 0.0], [9043, 9064, 0.0], [9064, 9085, 0.26315789], [9085, 9126, 0.23684211], [9126, 9162, 0.21875], [9162, 9182, 0.27777778], [9182, 9201, 0.0], [9201, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 21, 0.0], [21, 53, 0.0], [53, 90, 0.0], [90, 141, 0.0], [141, 171, 0.0], [171, 212, 0.0], [212, 238, 0.0], [238, 275, 0.0], [275, 322, 0.0], [322, 356, 0.0], [356, 388, 0.0], [388, 438, 0.0], [438, 487, 0.0], [487, 516, 0.0], [516, 562, 0.0], [562, 598, 0.0], [598, 630, 0.0], [630, 664, 0.0], [664, 710, 0.0], [710, 741, 0.0], [741, 763, 0.0], [763, 794, 0.0], [794, 834, 0.0], [834, 1011, 0.0], [1011, 1197, 0.0], [1197, 1233, 0.0], [1233, 1275, 0.0], [1275, 1545, 0.0], [1545, 1569, 0.0], [1569, 2110, 0.0], [2110, 2135, 0.0], [2135, 2509, 0.0], [2509, 2537, 0.0], [2537, 2965, 0.0], [2965, 3251, 0.0], [3251, 3292, 0.0], [3292, 3596, 0.0], [3596, 3641, 0.0], [3641, 4333, 0.0], [4333, 4375, 0.0], [4375, 4542, 0.0], [4542, 5474, 0.0], [5474, 5746, 0.0], [5746, 5791, 0.0], [5791, 5961, 0.0], [5961, 7791, 0.0], [7791, 8002, 0.0], [8002, 8410, 0.0], [8410, 8646, 0.0], [8646, 8738, 0.0], [8738, 9001, 0.0], [9001, 9043, 0.0], [9043, 9064, 0.0], [9064, 9085, 0.0], [9085, 9126, 0.0], [9126, 9162, 0.0], [9162, 9182, 0.0], [9182, 9201, 0.0], [9201, 9217, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 21, 0.0952381], [21, 53, 0.09375], [53, 90, 0.10810811], [90, 141, 0.11764706], [141, 171, 0.1], [171, 212, 0.07317073], [212, 238, 0.07692308], [238, 275, 0.08108108], [275, 322, 0.10638298], [322, 356, 0.08823529], [356, 388, 0.09375], [388, 438, 0.08], [438, 487, 0.10204082], [487, 516, 0.06896552], [516, 562, 0.08695652], [562, 598, 0.11111111], [598, 630, 0.09375], [630, 664, 0.08823529], [664, 710, 0.08695652], [710, 741, 0.09677419], [741, 763, 0.22727273], [763, 794, 0.09677419], [794, 834, 0.075], [834, 1011, 0.09039548], [1011, 1197, 0.01612903], [1197, 1233, 0.11111111], [1233, 1275, 0.0952381], [1275, 1545, 0.01481481], [1545, 1569, 0.04166667], [1569, 2110, 0.00924214], [2110, 2135, 0.04], [2135, 2509, 0.02139037], [2509, 2537, 0.03571429], [2537, 2965, 0.00700935], [2965, 3251, 0.01048951], [3251, 3292, 0.02439024], [3292, 3596, 0.00657895], [3596, 3641, 0.02222222], [3641, 4333, 0.01011561], [4333, 4375, 0.02380952], [4375, 4542, 0.01197605], [4542, 5474, 0.00858369], [5474, 5746, 0.01102941], [5746, 5791, 0.02222222], [5791, 5961, 0.01176471], [5961, 7791, 0.01092896], [7791, 8002, 0.02369668], [8002, 8410, 0.03186275], [8410, 8646, 0.05084746], [8646, 8738, 0.04347826], [8738, 9001, 0.07224335], [9001, 9043, 0.11904762], [9043, 9064, 0.9047619], [9064, 9085, 0.14285714], [9085, 9126, 0.14634146], [9126, 9162, 0.11111111], [9162, 9182, 0.2], [9182, 9201, 0.10526316], [9201, 9217, 0.1875]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 9217, 0.44164962]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 9217, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 9217, 0.3043015]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 9217, -297.6400392]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 9217, -22.07174551]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 9217, -19.74512969]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 9217, 88.0]]} |
honeymoon part deux: montreal…mr. t…bikers…and kitty glitter
ByNicole Stevenson July 20, 2013
Mrs. Phelps was raised in the Netherlands but had lived in france for over a decade with her ‘lover’ before moving to California to teach French at my private junior high school. I’d never heard anyone referred to as a… | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1994 | {"url": "https://dearhandmadelife.com/tag/schwartzs/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "dearhandmadelife.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:23:27Z", "digest": "sha1:CHB3PCXVCECTQJE7II3EQ5A3WA7ABCBD"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 313, 313.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 313, 1847.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 313, 3.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 313, 88.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 313, 0.97]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 313, 274.9]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 313, 0.35294118]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 313, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 313, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 313, 0.01470588]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 313, 0.33333333]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 313, 0.20588235]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 313, 0.94230769]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 313, 4.94230769]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 313, 0.05882353]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 313, 3.86120273]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 313, 52.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 94, 0.0], [94, 313, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 94, 0.0], [94, 313, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 61, 7.0], [61, 94, 5.0], [94, 313, 40.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 94, 0.19354839], [94, 313, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 94, 0.0], [94, 313, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 61, 0.0], [61, 94, 0.12121212], [94, 313, 0.02739726]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 313, 0.24152994]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 313, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 313, 9.358e-05]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 313, -21.72189722]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 313, -1.80846827]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 313, -25.54284182]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 313, 4.0]]} |
By accessing this School, you are agreeing to be bound by these Terms of Use, all applicable laws and regulations, and agree that you are responsible for compliance with any applicable local laws. If you do not agree with any of these terms, you are prohibited from using or accessing this site. The materials contained in this School are protected by applicable copyright and trademark law.
Permission is granted to temporarily download one copy of any downloadable materials on the School’s website for personal, non-commercial transitory viewing only. This is the grant of a license, not a transfer of title, and under this license you may not:
attempt to decompile or reverse engineer any software contained on the School’s web site;
transfer the materials to another person or 'mirror' the materials on any other server.
This license shall automatically terminate if you violate any of these restrictions and may be terminated by Company at any time. Upon terminating your viewing of these materials or upon the termination of this license, you must destroy any downloaded materials in your possession whether in electronic or printed format.
The materials on the School’s website are provided 'as is'. The School makes no warranties, expressed or implied, and hereby disclaims and negates all other warranties, including without limitation, implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property or other violation of rights. Further, the School does not warrant or make any representations concerning the accuracy, likely results, or reliability of the use of the materials on its website or otherwise relating to such materials or on any sites linked to this site.
In no event shall the School be liable for any damages (including, without limitation, damages for loss of data or profit, or due to business interruption) arising out of the use or inability to use the materials on the School’s website, even if the School or an authorized of the School has been notified orally or in writing of the possibility of such damage. Because some jurisdictions do not allow limitations on implied warranties, or limitations of liability for consequential or incidental damages, these limitations may not apply to you.
The materials appearing on the School’s website may include technical, typographical, or photographic errors. The School does not warrant that any of the materials on its web site are accurate, complete, or current. The School may make changes to the materials contained on its web site at any time without notice. The School does not, however, make any commitment to update the materials.
The School has not reviewed all of the sites linked to its website and is not responsible for the contents of any such linked site. The inclusion of any link does not imply endorsement by the School of the site. Use of any such linked website is at the user's own risk.
The School may revise these Terms of Use for its website at any time without notice. By using this website you are agreeing to be bound by the then current version of these Terms of Use.
Any claim relating to the School’s website shall be governed by the laws of the School Owner’s home jurisdiction without regard to its conflict of law provisions.
© Deetookfree ดี ถูก ฟรี Online Courses 2023 | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1995 | {"url": "https://deetookfree-online-courses.teachable.com/p/terms", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "deetookfree-online-courses.teachable.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:48:24Z", "digest": "sha1:OFIWTWG2OTAC5FHCNW6VMZ37PZFC634K"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 3350, 3350.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 3350, 3895.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 3350, 12.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 3350, 31.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 3350, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 3350, 228.5]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 3350, 0.47077409]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 3350, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 3350, 0.09897736]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 3350, 0.04163623]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 3350, 0.0182615]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 3350, 0.03944485]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 3350, 0.02373996]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 3350, 0.02921841]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 3350, 0.12164297]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 3350, 0.38112523]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 3350, 4.96914701]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 3350, 4.68966795]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 3350, 551.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 392, 1.0], [392, 648, 0.0], [648, 738, 0.0], [738, 826, 1.0], [826, 1148, 1.0], [1148, 1750, 1.0], [1750, 2296, 1.0], [2296, 2686, 1.0], [2686, 2956, 1.0], [2956, 3143, 1.0], [3143, 3306, 1.0], [3306, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 392, 0.0], [392, 648, 0.0], [648, 738, 0.0], [738, 826, 0.0], [826, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1750, 0.0], [1750, 2296, 0.0], [2296, 2686, 0.0], [2686, 2956, 0.0], [2956, 3143, 0.0], [3143, 3306, 0.0], [3306, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 392, 66.0], [392, 648, 41.0], [648, 738, 14.0], [738, 826, 14.0], [826, 1148, 50.0], [1148, 1750, 90.0], [1750, 2296, 90.0], [2296, 2686, 63.0], [2686, 2956, 52.0], [2956, 3143, 36.0], [3143, 3306, 27.0], [3306, 3350, 8.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 392, 0.0], [392, 648, 0.0], [648, 738, 0.0], [738, 826, 0.0], [826, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1750, 0.0], [1750, 2296, 0.0], [2296, 2686, 0.0], [2686, 2956, 0.0], [2956, 3143, 0.0], [3143, 3306, 0.0], [3306, 3350, 0.09090909]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 392, 0.0], [392, 648, 0.0], [648, 738, 0.0], [738, 826, 0.0], [826, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1750, 0.0], [1750, 2296, 0.0], [2296, 2686, 0.0], [2686, 2956, 0.0], [2956, 3143, 0.0], [3143, 3306, 0.0], [3306, 3350, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 392, 0.01785714], [392, 648, 0.01171875], [648, 738, 0.01111111], [738, 826, 0.0], [826, 1148, 0.00931677], [1148, 1750, 0.00996678], [1750, 2296, 0.01098901], [2296, 2686, 0.02051282], [2686, 2956, 0.01851852], [2956, 3143, 0.03743316], [3143, 3306, 0.02453988], [3306, 3350, 0.06818182]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 3350, 0.0149563]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 3350, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 3350, 0.17192793]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 3350, -122.02882172]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 3350, -1.79271514]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 3350, -64.28638275]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 3350, 23.0]]} |
Dr Bandon Decker Cricket November 5, 2011 2 Minutes
Not for me, mind, for Zimbabwe. My prediction of a heavy New Zealand victory looked good after the Kiwis took a big first innings lead. Vettori took five and Zimbabwe were bowled out for only 313. From a strong position, however, the Kiwis collapsed to 36-3 in their first innings and eventually declared on 252-8. I expect they will have wanted to lose fewer wickets, but it still set Zimbabwe a 366 to win, which looked like too much. New Zealand looked on top at stumps on day four, with Zimbabwe 61-2.
Zimbabwe played very well on the final day, however and needed just 101 more to win when the fourth wicket fell. That wicket was Taylor, however, who had scored 117 and put on over 100 with Taibu. Taibu, however, could not carry on to give his side a win. He got to 63, but with Vettori turning the ball out of the rough Taibu played a rash sweep and miscued it straight to midwicket. It was not the best of shots, and it put New Zealand on top. Zimbabwe fought and fought though. Ncube came in up the order (he batted at eleven in the first innings) and hit Vettori for a big six over midwicket. Zimbabwe just couldn’t quite do enough, however, and the superiority of the Kiwi bowlers finally started to tell and the rest of the tail collapsed. Zimbabwe were bowled out for 331 and lost by 34 runs.
Despite the loss, however, Zimbabwe should take heart from their performance. It’s never easy to get more than 300 in the fourth innings of a match, especially against a spinner of the quality of Vettori. New Zealand are certainly a better side on paper. They ought to have won, especially after taking a first innings lead of over 100 runs. The fact that Zimbabwe lost after being briefly 265-3 will be heartbreaking.
New Zealand, similarly, will have some worries after this match. They’re still a reasonably good ODI side, but the Test side have been slipping badly recently. They very seldom play Test matches anymore and they look a bit out of practise. They have two Test against Australia in December and they will definitely need to improve. They looked a bit flat on the last day when they were pushing for victory and I suspect part of that was due to not having played five days in quite some time. New Zealand is not a major cricketing nation, but they need to find a way to play decent Test cricket to maintain development for the future.
ZimvNZ
Previous Post Fixing reactions
Next Post Why can’t the Reds win at home? | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1996 | {"url": "https://defensiveindifference.com/2011/11/05/heartbreak/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "defensiveindifference.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:11:33Z", "digest": "sha1:KAG2VLRCINJP35TETSWIKAZPQSYTMO6A"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2489, 2489.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2489, 3831.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2489, 8.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2489, 59.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2489, 0.98]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2489, 327.8]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2489, 0.44656489]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2489, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2489, 0.02426694]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2489, 0.03033367]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2489, 0.01617796]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2489, 0.02123357]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2489, 0.00572519]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2489, 0.15839695]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2489, 0.50881057]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2489, 4.35682819]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2489, 5.02220682]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2489, 454.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 558, 1.0], [558, 1358, 1.0], [1358, 1777, 1.0], [1777, 2410, 1.0], [2410, 2417, 0.0], [2417, 2448, 0.0], [2448, 2489, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 558, 0.0], [558, 1358, 0.0], [1358, 1777, 0.0], [1777, 2410, 0.0], [2410, 2417, 0.0], [2417, 2448, 0.0], [2448, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 52, 9.0], [52, 558, 92.0], [558, 1358, 152.0], [1358, 1777, 72.0], [1777, 2410, 115.0], [2410, 2417, 1.0], [2417, 2448, 4.0], [2448, 2489, 9.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 52, 0.12], [52, 558, 0.03271984], [558, 1358, 0.02053915], [1358, 1777, 0.0245098], [1777, 2410, 0.0], [2410, 2417, 0.0], [2417, 2448, 0.0], [2448, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 52, 0.0], [52, 558, 0.0], [558, 1358, 0.0], [1358, 1777, 0.0], [1777, 2410, 0.0], [2410, 2417, 0.0], [2417, 2448, 0.0], [2448, 2489, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 52, 0.11538462], [52, 558, 0.02964427], [558, 1358, 0.02125], [1358, 1777, 0.02147971], [1777, 2410, 0.02843602], [2410, 2417, 0.42857143], [2417, 2448, 0.09677419], [2448, 2489, 0.09756098]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2489, 0.03638262]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2489, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2489, 0.43384004]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2489, -14.23658004]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2489, 53.48557112]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2489, -30.11995561]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2489, 27.0]]} |
Armageddon, Cult Movie, Sci-Fi
Blu-ray reissue: The Quiet Earth ****
December 12, 2016 Dennis Hartley Leave a comment
(Originally posted on Digby’s Hullabaloo on December 10, 2016)
The Quiet Earth Film Movement Classics Blu-ray
In the realm of “end of the world” movies, there are two genre entries in particular, both from the mid-80s, that I have become emotionally attached to (for whatever reason). One of them is Miracle Mile (my review), and the other is this 1985 New Zealand import, which has garnered a huge cult following.
Bruno Lawrence (Smash Palace) delivers a tour de force performance, playing a scientist who may (or may not) have had a hand in a government research project mishap that has apparently wiped out everyone on Earth except him. The plot thickens when he discovers that there are at least two other survivors-a man and a woman. The three-character dynamic is reminiscent of a 1959 nuclear holocaust tale called The World, the Flesh and the Devil, but it’s safe to say that the similarities end there. By the time you reach the mind-blowing finale, you’ll find yourself closer to Andrei Tarkovsky’s territory (Solaris).
Director Geoff Murphy never topped this effort; although his 1992 film Freejack, with Mick Jagger as a time-traveling bounty hunter, is worth a peek. Film Movement’s Blu-ray features a gorgeous 2k transfer, and a commentary track by critic Odie Henderson and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson (although-even Tyson can’t explain that ending!).
Previous PostBlu-ray reissue: One-Eyed Jacks ***1/2Next PostMichael and me in Trumpland | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1997 | {"url": "https://denofcinema.com/blu-ray-reissue-quiet-earth/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "denofcinema.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:36:18Z", "digest": "sha1:LARHHLSF7KRPLRZFDZPU22BCNH5NHX42"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 1579, 1579.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 1579, 4480.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 1579, 9.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 1579, 106.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 1579, 0.92]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 1579, 219.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 1579, 0.33636364]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 1579, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 1579, 0.01263823]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 1579, 0.02053712]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 1579, 0.0030303]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 1579, 0.20606061]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 1579, 0.72908367]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 1579, 5.0438247]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 1579, 4.96217763]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 1579, 251.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 69, 0.0], [69, 118, 0.0], [118, 181, 0.0], [181, 228, 0.0], [228, 533, 1.0], [533, 1148, 1.0], [1148, 1492, 1.0], [1492, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 69, 0.0], [69, 118, 0.0], [118, 181, 0.0], [181, 228, 0.0], [228, 533, 0.0], [533, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1492, 0.0], [1492, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 31, 4.0], [31, 69, 5.0], [69, 118, 8.0], [118, 181, 9.0], [181, 228, 7.0], [228, 533, 54.0], [533, 1148, 102.0], [1148, 1492, 51.0], [1492, 1579, 11.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 69, 0.0], [69, 118, 0.12765957], [118, 181, 0.10169492], [181, 228, 0.0], [228, 533, 0.02054795], [533, 1148, 0.00670017], [1148, 1492, 0.01510574], [1492, 1579, 0.025]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 31, 0.0], [31, 69, 0.0], [69, 118, 0.0], [118, 181, 0.0], [181, 228, 0.0], [228, 533, 0.0], [533, 1148, 0.0], [1148, 1492, 0.0], [1492, 1579, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 31, 0.16129032], [31, 69, 0.10526316], [69, 118, 0.08163265], [118, 181, 0.06349206], [181, 228, 0.14893617], [228, 533, 0.02295082], [533, 1148, 0.02439024], [1148, 1492, 0.04360465], [1492, 1579, 0.11494253]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 1579, 0.61445343]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 1579, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 1579, 0.24467808]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 1579, -97.06934372]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 1579, 6.79399103]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 1579, -34.13710544]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 1579, 9.0]]} |
Home » Macular Degeneration
One of the most important reasons for regular examinations by your eye care provider is evaluate for the development of macular degeneration. According to the Bright Focus™ Foundation, this condition is the primary cause of loss of vision and blindness in older individuals ages 60 and above and is known under these circumstances as age-related macular degeneration. Studies conducted by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) indicate that 10 to 15 million Americans have a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, macular degeneration is a world-wide problem as the second most frequent cause of irreversible blindness globally.
When we think of our “eyes,” we usually imagine the outer eye anatomy with the round pupil and white sclera. Eyesight — or the lack of it — is more often caused by damage to the unseen structures behind the pupil. One of these inner, unseen structures is the retina which contains “photoreceptor” cells. These cells pick up signals of light, movement and color that are translated by the brain into images. The back of the retina — on the opposite side of the eyeball from the pupil — is the retina’s center, the macula. The macula processes signals that allow us to see straight ahead and with clarity, color, contrast and detail.
Types of Macular Degeneration
The science of optometry and ophthalmology, classify macular degeneration into one of two types: dry or wet. Diagnoses can change from one type to the other. The difference between the types can best be remembered by associating “wet” with blood vessels.
This type of damage is the most common form, accounting for approximately 90 percent of macular degeneration diagnoses. Yellow-colored metabolic waste products known as drusen collect beneath the retina, causing a painless but progressive damage and cell death to retinal cells. This form of the disease usually progresses more slowly than does the wet form, however, its ultimate result can be devastating: sufferers may be left without any central version. Imagine a large dark “ball” blocking most of your site all of the time. Peripheral vision is all that may remain, markedly impairing or preventing normal activities of daily living such as driving, reading, watching television, cooking and any work that requires small, detail-oriented work.
Wet macular degeneration makes up only 10 percent of this condition’s diagnoses but is the culprit in legal blindness 90 percent of the time. In this form of the disease, the body attempts to make up for the death of photoreceptors cells by growing new, but fragile, blood vessels behind the macula. Leaking blood vessels can further impair sight and cause permanent scarring of the macula. Symptoms of the damage are similar to that of dry macular degeneration, however, its progress can take place rapidly.
Categories: Retinal Disorders, Vision, Vision Problems | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1998 | {"url": "https://denveryouthdentistry.com/macular-degeneration/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "denveryouthdentistry.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T09:27:26Z", "digest": "sha1:FN4O6MSKYA4SBA3UPJYTBJ36YBSIA5EO"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 2912, 2912.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 2912, 6230.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 2912, 8.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 2912, 183.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 2912, 0.93]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 2912, 264.0]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 2912, 0.38961039]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 2912, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 2912, 0.0167294]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 2912, 0.07946466]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 2912, 0.02634881]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 2912, 0.01087411]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 2912, 0.00185529]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 2912, 0.14471243]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 2912, 0.51612903]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 2912, 5.14193548]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 2912, 4.96877594]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 2912, 465.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 28, 0.0], [28, 681, 1.0], [681, 1313, 1.0], [1313, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1598, 1.0], [1598, 2349, 1.0], [2349, 2858, 1.0], [2858, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 28, 0.0], [28, 681, 0.0], [681, 1313, 0.0], [1313, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1598, 0.0], [1598, 2349, 0.0], [2349, 2858, 0.0], [2858, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 28, 4.0], [28, 681, 97.0], [681, 1313, 113.0], [1313, 1343, 4.0], [1343, 1598, 41.0], [1598, 2349, 115.0], [2349, 2858, 85.0], [2858, 2912, 6.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 28, 0.0], [28, 681, 0.00936037], [681, 1313, 0.0], [1313, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1598, 0.0], [1598, 2349, 0.00272851], [2349, 2858, 0.00801603], [2858, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 28, 0.0], [28, 681, 0.0], [681, 1313, 0.0], [1313, 1343, 0.0], [1343, 1598, 0.0], [1598, 2349, 0.0], [2349, 2858, 0.0], [2858, 2912, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 28, 0.10714286], [28, 681, 0.02143951], [681, 1313, 0.00949367], [1313, 1343, 0.1], [1343, 1598, 0.01176471], [1598, 2349, 0.00665779], [2349, 2858, 0.00785855], [2858, 2912, 0.11111111]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 2912, 0.5271005]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 2912, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 2912, 0.14014482]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 2912, -87.43072345]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 2912, 39.34940016]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 2912, -3.53390924]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 2912, 23.0]]} |
Home » Vision Services » Myopia (Nearsightedness) Treatment
Myopia (Nearsightedness) Treatment
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is when light focuses in front of the retina instead of on it, which causes distant objects to appear blurry while nearby objects appear clear. Development of myopia occurs in childhood and continues to progress through adolescence. Researchers predict by the year 2050, the prevalence of myopia will increase to about 5 billion people worldwide.
There are two types of myopia: simple myopia and pathological myopia.
Simple (mild) myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long, or the cornea (the front surface of the eye) is too curved.
Pathological myopia is a form of severe myopia and occurs when other changes in the structure of the eye cause light to focus abnormally.
What Causes Myopia
Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs when the eyeball grows too long from front to back or when the cornea, the white front surface of the eye, has too much curvature. Genetics and our environment also play a role in developing myopia.
Studies have shown that nearsightedness can be inherited from parents to children. If one or both parents have myopia, their children have a greater chance of being myopic. Research shows that school-age children are three times more likely to develop myopia if their parents have it.
Research shows that too much up-close work in childhood is a risk factor that can lead to myopia. School-aged children or adults who read a lot or do up-close work without taking breaks are more likely to develop myopia. Up-close work causes the eye muscles to work harder, leading to a temporary change in the eyeball shape. Over time, this can lead to myopia.
Ocular disease can lead to myopia in several ways. First, if the eye cannot focus light properly, this can cause the eyeball to grow too long from front to back, leading to myopia. Second, ocular disease can also cause the cornea to become irregular, leading to myopia.
Symptoms of Myopia
The most common symptom of myopia is difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. There’s a wide range of other symptoms you may notice, such as:
Blurred vision. This occurs when your eyeball is too long, or your cornea is too curved.
Difficulty seeing objects at a distance. You may find it difficult to see things far away, such as road signs or the TV.
Squinting. Because myopia makes distant objects appear blurry, you may find yourself squinting in an attempt to see them better.
Headaches. If you experience regular headaches because of eye strain, this could be a symptom of myopia.
Eye fatigue. Myopia can cause eye fatigue and blurry vision because your eyes have to work harder to see clearly.
Night myopia. This type of myopia occurs at night when there is less light to help you see. You may find it difficult to drive at night or to read in low light.
Myopia Progression
Myopia typically progresses during childhood and adolescence, when the eyeball is growing. The condition usually stabilizes in early adulthood, but it can continue to progress into middle age. In some cases, myopia can worsen rapidly, known as progressive myopia. This can lead to serious problems, such as retinal detachment.
Myopia can be treated with glasses, contact lenses, or Lasik refractive surgery. Refractive surgery can correct the curvature of the cornea. In some cases, myopia can be treated with medication, but this is not a standard treatment.
Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses
Corrective lenses or contact lenses can correct the cornea’s curvature and allow light to enter the eye and hit the retina in the right spot. This will help you see distant objects more clearly. Glasses or contact lenses can also help reduce the amount of strain on your eyes, which can help relieve headaches and eye fatigue.
Low-Dose Atropine
Low-dose atropine is an effective treatment for myopia. Atropine works by temporarily paralyzing the ciliary muscles (eye lens muscle), which decreases the eye’s focusing power. This results in a reduction in the degree of myopia. Studies have shown that low-dose atropine is safe and effective in slowing myopia progression in children and adolescents.
How to Tell if a Child Has Myopia
There are several ways to tell if a child has myopia. The most common symptom is difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Myopic children often squint or have regular headaches, which could signify myopia. You may also notice that your child is rubbing their eyes more than usual.
Emmetropization
Emmetropization is the process by which the eyes achieve clear focus. This usually happens during early childhood, as the eyes grow and develop. Emmetropization can be affected by environmental factors, such as light exposure. If the eyes cannot focus properly during this critical development period, myopia can result.
There are a number of things that can be done to help slow the progression of myopia and prevent its onset. These include:
Outdoor activity. Spending time outdoors and engaging in physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of myopia. Studies have shown that children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to develop myopia. This may be because outdoor light helps regulate the release of dopamine, which helps control eye growth.
Up-close work: Avoiding extended periods of up-close work, such as reading or using a computer, has been shown to reduce the risk of myopia. This is because close work decreases the amount of light that enters the eye, leading to changes in the shape of the eyeball.
Eyeglasses: Wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses can help to reduce the amount of strain on the eyes and prevent myopia from progressing.
Get Regular Eye Exams
Getting a regular comprehensive eye exam is essential for people with myopia, as it can help detect any changes in eye health. These changes can then be treated early, which can help to slow the progression of myopia. In addition, regular eye exams can also help to identify any other underlying eye health conditions that may be contributing to myopia.
Don’t Worry, We’re Here to Help
While myopia is on the rise, there’s no need to worry. Our optometrists at Youth Dental & Vision are more than happy to discuss your child’s treatment options for myopia. We will help you understand more about myopia and what we can do to help.
We offer vision appointments at our two locations in Denver: Grove St and Hampden Ave, as well as in Aurora and Thornton. For more information on our locations or the services we offer, email [email protected]. To book an appointment at one of our 4 locations call (303) 953-8801. We look forward to caring for your vision needs. | 2023-14/0000/en_head.json.gz/1999 | {"url": "https://denveryouthdentistry.com/vision-services/myopia-nearsightedness/", "partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "denveryouthdentistry.com", "date_download": "2023-03-20T10:37:31Z", "digest": "sha1:JFMHU3245KQXFXUOQ2GONYPZEJN3JPTR"} | {"ccnet_length": [[0, 6651, 6651.0]], "ccnet_original_length": [[0, 6651, 9943.0]], "ccnet_nlines": [[0, 6651, 39.0]], "ccnet_original_nlines": [[0, 6651, 214.0]], "ccnet_language_score": [[0, 6651, 0.94]], "ccnet_perplexity": [[0, 6651, 254.6]], "ccnet_bucket": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_curly_bracket": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_ldnoobw_words": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_lorem_ipsum": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_stop_word_fraction": [[0, 6651, 0.41341654]], "rps_doc_ut1_blacklist": [[0, 6651, null]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams": [[0, 6651, 0.13112018]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams": [[0, 6651, 0.0708457]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams": [[0, 6651, 0.02151335]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams": [[0, 6651, 0.0129822]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams": [[0, 6651, 0.0129822]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram": [[0, 6651, 0.01780415]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram": [[0, 6651, 0.00667656]], "rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram": [[0, 6651, 0.01224036]], "rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words": [[0, 6651, 0.00078003]], "rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words": [[0, 6651, 0.12870515]], "rps_doc_frac_unique_words": [[0, 6651, 0.33604336]], "rps_doc_mean_word_length": [[0, 6651, 4.87082204]], "rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio": [[0, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_doc_unigram_entropy": [[0, 6651, 5.25039732]], "rps_doc_word_count": [[0, 6651, 1107.0]], "rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark": [[0, 60, 0.0], [60, 95, 0.0], [95, 481, 1.0], [481, 551, 1.0], [551, 669, 1.0], [669, 807, 1.0], [807, 826, 0.0], [826, 1057, 1.0], [1057, 1342, 1.0], [1342, 1704, 1.0], [1704, 1974, 1.0], [1974, 1993, 0.0], [1993, 2137, 0.0], [2137, 2226, 1.0], [2226, 2347, 1.0], [2347, 2476, 1.0], [2476, 2581, 1.0], [2581, 2695, 1.0], [2695, 2856, 1.0], [2856, 2875, 0.0], [2875, 3202, 1.0], [3202, 3435, 1.0], [3435, 3465, 0.0], [3465, 3792, 1.0], [3792, 3810, 0.0], [3810, 4164, 1.0], [4164, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4481, 1.0], [4481, 4497, 0.0], [4497, 4818, 1.0], [4818, 4941, 0.0], [4941, 5264, 1.0], [5264, 5531, 1.0], [5531, 5669, 1.0], [5669, 5691, 0.0], [5691, 6045, 1.0], [6045, 6077, 0.0], [6077, 6322, 1.0], [6322, 6651, 1.0]], "rps_lines_javascript_counts": [[0, 60, 0.0], [60, 95, 0.0], [95, 481, 0.0], [481, 551, 0.0], [551, 669, 0.0], [669, 807, 0.0], [807, 826, 0.0], [826, 1057, 0.0], [1057, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1704, 0.0], [1704, 1974, 0.0], [1974, 1993, 0.0], [1993, 2137, 0.0], [2137, 2226, 0.0], [2226, 2347, 0.0], [2347, 2476, 0.0], [2476, 2581, 0.0], [2581, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2856, 0.0], [2856, 2875, 0.0], [2875, 3202, 0.0], [3202, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3465, 0.0], [3465, 3792, 0.0], [3792, 3810, 0.0], [3810, 4164, 0.0], [4164, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4481, 0.0], [4481, 4497, 0.0], [4497, 4818, 0.0], [4818, 4941, 0.0], [4941, 5264, 0.0], [5264, 5531, 0.0], [5531, 5669, 0.0], [5669, 5691, 0.0], [5691, 6045, 0.0], [6045, 6077, 0.0], [6077, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_lines_num_words": [[0, 60, 8.0], [60, 95, 3.0], [95, 481, 60.0], [481, 551, 11.0], [551, 669, 22.0], [669, 807, 24.0], [807, 826, 3.0], [826, 1057, 39.0], [1057, 1342, 46.0], [1342, 1704, 64.0], [1704, 1974, 47.0], [1974, 1993, 3.0], [1993, 2137, 24.0], [2137, 2226, 16.0], [2226, 2347, 23.0], [2347, 2476, 20.0], [2476, 2581, 17.0], [2581, 2695, 20.0], [2695, 2856, 33.0], [2856, 2875, 2.0], [2875, 3202, 49.0], [3202, 3435, 37.0], [3435, 3465, 4.0], [3465, 3792, 57.0], [3792, 3810, 2.0], [3810, 4164, 53.0], [4164, 4198, 8.0], [4198, 4481, 47.0], [4481, 4497, 1.0], [4497, 4818, 48.0], [4818, 4941, 23.0], [4941, 5264, 52.0], [5264, 5531, 47.0], [5531, 5669, 22.0], [5669, 5691, 4.0], [5691, 6045, 60.0], [6045, 6077, 6.0], [6077, 6322, 44.0], [6322, 6651, 58.0]], "rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction": [[0, 60, 0.0], [60, 95, 0.0], [95, 481, 0.01322751], [481, 551, 0.0], [551, 669, 0.0], [669, 807, 0.0], [807, 826, 0.0], [826, 1057, 0.0], [1057, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1704, 0.0], [1704, 1974, 0.0], [1974, 1993, 0.0], [1993, 2137, 0.0], [2137, 2226, 0.0], [2226, 2347, 0.0], [2347, 2476, 0.0], [2476, 2581, 0.0], [2581, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2856, 0.0], [2856, 2875, 0.0], [2875, 3202, 0.0], [3202, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3465, 0.0], [3465, 3792, 0.0], [3792, 3810, 0.0], [3810, 4164, 0.0], [4164, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4481, 0.0], [4481, 4497, 0.0], [4497, 4818, 0.0], [4818, 4941, 0.0], [4941, 5264, 0.0], [5264, 5531, 0.0], [5531, 5669, 0.0], [5669, 5691, 0.0], [5691, 6045, 0.0], [6045, 6077, 0.0], [6077, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6651, 0.03470032]], "rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint": [[0, 60, 0.0], [60, 95, 0.0], [95, 481, 0.0], [481, 551, 0.0], [551, 669, 0.0], [669, 807, 0.0], [807, 826, 0.0], [826, 1057, 0.0], [1057, 1342, 0.0], [1342, 1704, 0.0], [1704, 1974, 0.0], [1974, 1993, 0.0], [1993, 2137, 0.0], [2137, 2226, 0.0], [2226, 2347, 0.0], [2347, 2476, 0.0], [2476, 2581, 0.0], [2581, 2695, 0.0], [2695, 2856, 0.0], [2856, 2875, 0.0], [2875, 3202, 0.0], [3202, 3435, 0.0], [3435, 3465, 0.0], [3465, 3792, 0.0], [3792, 3810, 0.0], [3810, 4164, 0.0], [4164, 4198, 0.0], [4198, 4481, 0.0], [4481, 4497, 0.0], [4497, 4818, 0.0], [4818, 4941, 0.0], [4941, 5264, 0.0], [5264, 5531, 0.0], [5531, 5669, 0.0], [5669, 5691, 0.0], [5691, 6045, 0.0], [6045, 6077, 0.0], [6077, 6322, 0.0], [6322, 6651, 0.0]], "rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction": [[0, 60, 0.1], [60, 95, 0.08571429], [95, 481, 0.00777202], [481, 551, 0.01428571], [551, 669, 0.00847458], [669, 807, 0.00724638], [807, 826, 0.15789474], [826, 1057, 0.00865801], [1057, 1342, 0.01052632], [1342, 1704, 0.01104972], [1704, 1974, 0.01111111], [1974, 1993, 0.10526316], [1993, 2137, 0.01388889], [2137, 2226, 0.02247191], [2226, 2347, 0.03305785], [2347, 2476, 0.01550388], [2476, 2581, 0.01904762], [2581, 2695, 0.01754386], [2695, 2856, 0.01863354], [2856, 2875, 0.10526316], [2875, 3202, 0.01223242], [3202, 3435, 0.01716738], [3435, 3465, 0.1], [3465, 3792, 0.00917431], [3792, 3810, 0.16666667], [3810, 4164, 0.01129944], [4164, 4198, 0.14705882], [4198, 4481, 0.01413428], [4481, 4497, 0.0625], [4497, 4818, 0.01246106], [4818, 4941, 0.01626016], [4941, 5264, 0.0123839], [5264, 5531, 0.01123596], [5531, 5669, 0.01449275], [5669, 5691, 0.18181818], [5691, 6045, 0.00847458], [6045, 6077, 0.15625], [6077, 6322, 0.0244898], [6322, 6651, 0.03343465]], "rps_doc_ml_palm_score": [[0, 6651, 0.21619332]], "rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score": [[0, 6651, null]], "rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score": [[0, 6651, 0.12282169]], "rps_doc_books_importance": [[0, 6651, -254.72514523]], "rps_doc_openwebtext_importance": [[0, 6651, 18.45019105]], "rps_doc_wikipedia_importance": [[0, 6651, -157.56419253]], "rps_doc_num_sentences": [[0, 6651, 72.0]]} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.