rasdani/cohere-wikipedia-2023-11-en · Datasets at Hugging Face

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20231101.en_13200559_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Cayzer	August Cayzer	On leaving the Royal Navy, he joined the family firm, later becoming chairman. He was also chairman of the Clan Line, Houston Line and Scottish Shire Line, as well as several other companies. He was a director of the Suez Canal Company.
20231101.en_13200568_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Days%20or%20Die	2 Days or Die	2 Days or Die is an album that was released on February 25, 2004, by Atlas Plug. The album was originally released only as a digital release (MP3), and later on CD.
20231101.en_13200568_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Days%20or%20Die	2 Days or Die	The album was mostly overlooked by mainstream reviewers, although it did receive some positive coverage.
20231101.en_13200568_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Days%20or%20Die	2 Days or Die	"The Ace the Only" made its appearance in Project Gotham Racing 3 and MLB 2006 as an in game soundtrack. "2 Days or Die", "Rule the World", and "Get Rolled On" all appear in the racing game Rallisport Challenge 2. 'Halfway Till Bliss' was featured in TimeShift.
20231101.en_13200595_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donovan%20discography	Donovan discography	Sunshine Superman / In Concert At The Anaheim Convention Center, double album [NL] (Epic EPC22016) (1975)
20231101.en_13200604_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	In mathematics, derivators are a proposed frameworkpg 190-195 for homological algebra giving a foundation for both abelian and non-abelian homological algebra and various generalizations of it. They were introduced to address the deficiencies of derived categories (such as the non-functoriality of the cone construction) and provide at the same time a language for homotopical algebra.
20231101.en_13200604_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	Derivators were first introduced by Alexander Grothendieck in his long unpublished 1983 manuscript Pursuing Stacks. They were then further developed by him in the huge unpublished 1991 manuscript Les Dérivateurs of almost 2000 pages. Essentially the same concept was introduced (apparently independently) by Alex Heller.
20231101.en_13200604_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	The manuscript has been edited for on-line publication by Georges Maltsiniotis. The theory has been further developed by several other people, including Heller, Franke, Keller and Groth.
20231101.en_13200604_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	One of the motivating reasons for considering derivators is the lack of functoriality with the cone construction with triangulated categories. Derivators are able to solve this problem, and solve the inclusion of general homotopy colimits, by keeping track of all possible diagrams in a category with weak equivalences and their relations between each other. Heuristically, given the diagramwhich is a category with two objects and one non-identity arrow, and a functorto a category with a class of weak-equivalences (and satisfying the right hypotheses), we should have an associated functorwhere the target object is unique up to weak equivalence in . Derivators are able to encode this kind of information and provide a diagram calculus to use in derived categories and homotopy theory.
20231101.en_13200604_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	Formally, a prederivator is a 2-functorfrom a suitable 2-category of indices to the category of categories. Typically such 2-functors come from considering the categories where is called the category of coefficients. For example, could be the category of small categories which are filtered, whose objects can be thought of as the indexing sets for a filtered colimit. Then, given a morphism of diagramsdenote byThis is called the inverse image functor. In the motivating example, this is just precompositition, so given a functor there is an associated functor . Note these 2-functors could be taken to bewhere is a suitable class of weak equivalences in a category .
20231101.en_13200604_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	The 2-category of finite categories, so the objects are categories whose collection of objects are finite sets.
20231101.en_13200604_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	The ordinal category can be categorified into a two category, where the objects are categories with one object, and the functors come form the arrows in the ordinal category.
20231101.en_13200604_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	In addition, associated to any topological space is a category which could be used as the indexing category.
20231101.en_13200604_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	Moreover, the sites underlying the Zariksi, Etale, etc, topoi of for some scheme or algebraic space along with their morphisms can be used for the indexing category
20231101.en_13200604_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator	Derivator	where is left adjoint to and so on. Heuristically, should correspond to inverse limits, to colimits.
20231101.en_13200611_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydnes	Sydnes	Sydnes is a traditional neighbourhood in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located along the Puddefjorden in the southern part of the city centre of Bergen. TV 2 has its headquarters at Sydnes. The Johanneskirken is located in this neighborhood.
20231101.en_13200625_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%2C%20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	Horst, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	Horst is a village and a former municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 7 June 2009, it is part of the Sundhagen municipality.
20231101.en_13200637_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	John McQuillan (30 August 1920 – 8 March 1998) was an Irish politician, trade union official and army officer.
20231101.en_13200637_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	He was born in Ballyforan, County Roscommon in 1920, the eldest of seven childlen. His father, Thomas Francis McQuillan was a Royal Irish Constabulary sergeant, and later became a school teacher, while his mother Anne (née Fallon) was a national school teacher who came from a Republican family.
20231101.en_13200637_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	McQuillan was educated at Roscommon CBS, Summerhill College, Sligo, and St Clement's Redemptorist College, Limerick.
20231101.en_13200637_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	He was a member of the Roscommon county team that won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 1943 and 1944. He began a career as an officer in the Irish Army though resigned to work as a local government official.
20231101.en_13200637_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	He was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt as a Clann na Poblachta Teachta Dála (TD) for the Roscommon constituency at the 1948 general election. After fellow Clann na Poblachta TD, Noël Browne resigned as Minister for Health, McQuillan resigned from Clann na Poblachta in support of Browne and sat as an Independent TD. He was re-elected at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections as an independent TD.
20231101.en_13200637_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	On 16 May 1958, the National Progressive Democrats party was founded with Noël Browne and McQuillan as the party's leaders. Between 1958 and 1961, 7 of the 9 motions discussed in Private Member's Time had been proposed by one of them. In 1961 and 1962 they asked 1,400 parliamentary questions, 17% of the total. The Taoiseach Seán Lemass paid them a unique compliment by referring to them as "the real opposition". Both were re-elected at the 1961 general election. In October 1963 both men joined the Labour Party. This new arrangement did not prove electorally beneficial to McQuillan as he lost his seat in Roscommon at the 1965 general election. However, he was elected to Seanad Éireann by the Administrative Panel. He resigned the Labour Party whip in 1967 and did not seek re-election at the 1969 general election, and retired from his Roscommon County Council seat in 1974.
20231101.en_13200637_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan	Jack McQuillan	When the Socialist Labour Party was founded in 1977, McQuillan joined as a trustee of the new party but later resigned. Remaining close to Noël Browne he lobbied hard for him to get the Labour Party nomination to contest the 1990 presidential election for the Labour Party. However, Mary Robinson was the preferred candidate of Dick Spring.
20231101.en_13200665_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	The Darkest Night of the Year is a Christmas album by the group Over the Rhine, released independently in 1996. It is their fifth studio album overall, and the last to feature the band's original lineup.
20231101.en_13200665_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	The album features six interpretations of traditional Christmas songs, three original instrumentals, three vocal compositions, and a second version of "Silent Night" featuring Terri Templeton, who was touring with Over The Rhine as a secondary vocalist at the time. Ten years later, Over The Rhine would release a second Christmas album, Snow Angels with a greater emphasis on original compositions.
20231101.en_13200665_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	This album is notable for being the first Over The Rhine album not to feature the photography of Michael Wilson. The cover illustration is by David Sheldon. Additionally, this is the only full-length OTR album to feature bassist Chris Dahlgren, who began touring with the band in 1996 to accommodate Linford Detweiler's move to keyboards.
20231101.en_13200665_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	The two versions of "Silent Night" are performed in different styles: the first being a full-band electric recording similar to the sound of Eve, while the second is a slower, acoustic reading featuring Norm Johns' upright bass.
20231101.en_13200665_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	"A Little Lower Than the Angels" takes its title from a lyric of Good Dog, Bad Dogs "All I Need Is Everything"; however the songs are not related musically.
20231101.en_13200665_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	Linford Detweiler – producer (1-5, 8-12), recording (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11), mixing (1, 3-5, 8, 10, 11), vocal and bass recording (2), final mix (2)
20231101.en_13200665_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year	The Darkest Night of the Year	Ric Hordinski – producer (2, 6, 13), guitar and drum recording (2), recording (6, 13), mixing (6, 13)
20231101.en_13200698_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients	List of historical Gnutella clients	Many projects have attempted to use the Gnutella network, since its introduction in early 2000. This list enumerates abandoned or discontinued projects.
20231101.en_13200698_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients	List of historical Gnutella clients	Mutella was a Gnutella client developed by Max Zaitsev and Gregory Block. It had two user interfaces, one for textmode use and another called remote control, which ran on an integrated web server and was used by a web browser. The first public version of Mutella was published on October 6, 2001.
20231101.en_13200698_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients	List of historical Gnutella clients	The Mutella logo was changed into a squid somewhere around version 4.1. Before this change the logo used to be an Ouroboros. There was a blue and a black version of the ouroboros logo.
20231101.en_13200698_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients	List of historical Gnutella clients	XoloX was a Gnutella-based peer-to-peer file sharing application for Windows. It advertised having no spyware, adware, or hijackware. However, upon installation, it prompted the user to install programs suspected to be of that kind. Also, Microsoft Anti-Spyware detected adware programs when you started to install the program.
20231101.en_13200716_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchdorf%2C%20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	Kirchdorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	Kirchdorf is a village and a former municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 7 June 2009, it is part of the Sundhagen municipality.
20231101.en_13200719_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Subject indexing is the act of describing or classifying a document by index terms, keywords, or other symbols in order to indicate what different documents are about, to summarize their contents or to increase findability. In other words, it is about identifying and describing the subject of documents. Indexes are constructed, separately, on three distinct levels: terms in a document such as a book; objects in a collection such as a library; and documents (such as books and articles) within a field of knowledge.
20231101.en_13200719_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Subject indexing is used in information retrieval especially to create bibliographic indexes to retrieve documents on a particular subject. Examples of academic indexing services are Zentralblatt MATH, Chemical Abstracts and PubMed. The index terms were mostly assigned by experts but author keywords are also common.
20231101.en_13200719_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	The process of indexing begins with any analysis of the subject of the document. The indexer must then identify terms which appropriately identify the subject either by extracting words directly from the document or assigning words from a controlled vocabulary. The terms in the index are then presented in a systematic order.
20231101.en_13200719_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Indexers must decide how many terms to include and how specific the terms should be. Together this gives a depth of indexing.
20231101.en_13200719_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	The first step in indexing is to decide on the subject matter of the document. In manual indexing, the indexer would consider the subject matter in terms of answer to a set of questions such as "Does the document deal with a specific product, condition or phenomenon?". As the analysis is influenced by the knowledge and experience of the indexer, it follows that two indexers may analyze the content differently and so come up with different index terms. This will impact on the success of retrieval.
20231101.en_13200719_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Automatic indexing follows set processes of analyzing frequencies of word patterns and comparing results to other documents in order to assign to subject categories. This requires no understanding of the material being indexed. This leads to more uniform indexing but at the expense of the true meaning being interpreted. A computer program will not understand the meaning of statements and may therefore fail to assign some relevant terms or assign incorrectly. Human indexers focus their attention on certain parts of the document such as the title, abstract, summary and conclusions, as analyzing the full text in depth is costly and time-consuming An automated system takes away the time limit and allows the entire document to be analyzed, but also has the option to be directed to particular parts of the document.
20231101.en_13200719_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	The second stage of indexing involves the translation of the subject analysis into a set of index terms. This can involve extracting from the document or assigning from a controlled vocabulary. With the ability to conduct a full text search widely available, many people have come to rely on their own expertise in conducting information searches and full text search has become very popular. Subject indexing and its experts, professional indexers, catalogers, and librarians, remains crucial to information organization and retrieval. These experts understand controlled vocabularies and are able to find information that cannot be located by full text search. The cost of expert analysis to create subject indexing is not easily compared to the cost of hardware, software and labor to manufacture a comparable set of full-text, fully searchable materials. With new web applications that allow every user to annotate documents, social tagging has gained popularity especially in the Web.
20231101.en_13200719_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	One application of indexing, the book index, remains relatively unchanged despite the information revolution.
20231101.en_13200719_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Extraction indexing involves taking words directly from the document. It uses natural language and lends itself well to automated techniques where word frequencies are calculated and those with a frequency over a pre-determined threshold are used as index terms. A stop-list containing common words (such as "the", "and") would be referred to and such stop words would be excluded as index terms.
20231101.en_13200719_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Automated extraction indexing may lead to loss of meaning of terms by indexing single words as opposed to phrases. Although it is possible to extract commonly occurring phrases, it becomes more difficult if key concepts are inconsistently worded in phrases. Automated extraction indexing also has the problem that, even with use of a stop-list to remove common words, some frequent words may not be useful for allowing discrimination between documents. For example, the term glucose is likely to occur frequently in any document related to diabetes. Therefore, use of this term would likely return most or all the documents in the database. Post-coordinated indexing where terms are combined at the time of searching would reduce this effect but the onus would be on the searcher to link appropriate terms as opposed to the information professional. In addition terms that occur infrequently may be highly significant for example a new drug may be mentioned infrequently but the novelty of the subject makes any reference significant. One method for allowing rarer terms to be included and common words to be excluded by automated techniques would be a relative frequency approach where frequency of a word in a document is compared to frequency in the database as a whole. Therefore, a term that occurs more often in a document than might be expected based on the rest of the database could then be used as an index term, and terms that occur equally frequently throughout will be excluded.
20231101.en_13200719_10	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Another problem with automated extraction is that it does not recognize when a concept is discussed but is not identified in the text by an indexable keyword.
20231101.en_13200719_11	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Since this process is based on simple string matching and involves no intellectual analysis, the resulting product is more appropriately known as a concordance than an index.
20231101.en_13200719_12	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	An alternative is assignment indexing where index terms are taken from a controlled vocabulary. This has the advantage of controlling for synonyms as the preferred term is indexed and synonyms or related terms direct the user to the preferred term. This means the user can find articles regardless of the specific term used by the author and saves the user from having to know and check all possible synonyms. It also removes any confusion caused by homographs by inclusion of a qualifying term. A third advantage is that it allows the linking of related terms whether they are linked by hierarchy or association, e.g. an index entry for an oral medication may list other oral medications as related terms on the same level of the hierarchy but would also link to broader terms such as treatment. Assignment indexing is used in manual indexing to improve inter-indexer consistency as different indexers will have a controlled set of terms to choose from. Controlled vocabularies do not completely remove inconsistencies as two indexers may still interpret the subject differently.
20231101.en_13200719_13	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	The final phase of indexing is to present the entries in a systematic order. This may involve linking entries. In a pre-coordinated index the indexer determines the order in which terms are linked in an entry by considering how a user may formulate their search. In a post-coordinated index, the entries are presented singly and the user can link the entries through searches, most commonly carried out by computer software. Post-coordination results in a loss of precision in comparison to pre-coordination
20231101.en_13200719_14	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Indexers must make decisions about what entries should be included and how many entries an index should incorporate. The depth of indexing describes the thoroughness of the indexing process with reference to exhaustivity and specificity
20231101.en_13200719_15	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	An exhaustive index is one which lists all possible index terms. Greater exhaustivity gives a higher recall, or more likelihood of all the relevant articles being retrieved, however, this occurs at the expense of precision. This means that the user may retrieve a larger number of irrelevant documents or documents which only deal with the subject in little depth. In a manual system a greater level of exhaustivity brings with it a greater cost as more man-hours are required. The additional time taken in an automated system would be much less significant. At the other end of the scale, in a selective index only the most important aspects are covered. Recall is reduced in a selective index as if an indexer does not include enough terms, a highly relevant article may be overlooked. Therefore, indexers should strive for a balance and consider what the document may be used. They may also have to consider the implications of time and expense.
20231101.en_13200719_16	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	The specificity describes how closely the index terms match the topics they represent An index is said to be specific if the indexer uses parallel descriptors to the concept of the document and reflects the concepts precisely. Specificity tends to increase with exhaustivity as the more terms you include, the narrower those terms will be.
20231101.en_13200719_17	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Hjørland (2011) found that theories of indexing are at the deepest level connected to different theories of knowledge:
20231101.en_13200719_18	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Rationalist theories of indexing (such as Ranganathan's theory) suggest that subjects are constructed logically from a fundamental set of categories. The basic method of subject analysis is then "analytic-synthetic", to isolate a set of basic categories (=analysis) and then to construct the subject of any given document by combining those categories according to some rules (=synthesis).
20231101.en_13200719_19	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Empiricist theories of indexing are based on selecting similar documents based on their properties, in particular by applying numerical statistical techniques.
20231101.en_13200719_20	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Historicist and hermeneutical theories of indexing suggest that the subject of a given document is relative to a given discourse or domain, why the indexing should reflect the need of a particular discourse or domain. According to hermeneutics is a document always written and interpreted from particular horizon. The same is the case with systems of knowledge organization and with all users searching such systems. Any question put to such a system is put from a particular horizon. All those horizons may be more or less in consensus or in conflict. To index a document is to try to contribute to the retrieval of “relevant” documents by knowing about those different horizons.
20231101.en_13200719_21	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	Pragmatic and critical theories of indexing (such as Hjørland, 1997) is in agreement with the historicist point of view that subjects are relative to specific discourses but emphasizes that subject analysis should support given goals and values and should consider the consequences of indexing one way or another. These theories believe that indexing cannot be neutral and that it is a wrong goal to try to index in a neutral way. Indexing is an act (and computer based indexing is acting according to the programmers intentions). Acts serve human goals. Libraries and information services also serve human goals, why their indexing should be done in a way that supports these goals as much as possible. At a first glance this looks strange because the goals of libraries and information services is to identify any document or piece of information. Nonetheless is any specific way of indexing always supporting some kind of uses at the expense of other. The documents to be indexed intend to serve some specific purposes in a community. Basically the indexing should intend serving the same purposes. Primary and secondary documents and information services are parts of the same overall social system. In such a system different theories, epistemologies, worldviews etc. may be at play and users need to be able to orient themselves and to navigate among those different views. This calls for a mapping of the different epistemologies in the field and classification of the single document into such a map. Excellent examples of such different paradigms and their consequences for indexing and classification systems are provided in the domain of art by Ørom (2003) and in music by Abrahamsen (2003).
20231101.en_13200719_22	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	The core of indexing is, as stated by Rowley & Farrow to evaluate a paper's contribution to knowledge and index it accordingly. Or, with the words of Hjørland (1992, 1997) to index its informative potentials.
20231101.en_13200719_23	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing	Subject indexing	"In order to achieve good consistent indexing, the indexer must have a thorough appreciation of the structure of the subject and the nature of the contribution that the document is making to the advancement of knowledge." (Rowley & Farrow, 2000, p. 99).
20231101.en_13200720_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiphyllaea	Basiphyllaea	Basiphyllaea is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), known as Carter's orchid or crab orchids. They are native to Florida and the West Indies. At the present time (May 2014), 7 species are recognized:
20231101.en_13200720_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiphyllaea	Basiphyllaea	Institute for Regional Conservation, Floristic Inventory of South Florida Online, Basiphyllaea corallicola (Small) Ames, Carter's orchid
20231101.en_13200732_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartfjellet%2C%20Kval%C3%B8ya	Svartfjellet, Kvaløya	Svartfjellet () is the highest mountain on the island of Kvaløya in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The tall summit lies in Hammerfest Municipality, about southeast of the town of Hammerfest.
20231101.en_13200734_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam	Moothedam	Moothedam is a small town and panchayath in Nilambur taluk of the Malappuram district in the Indian State of Kerala. It is situated on the foothills of the Western Ghats near Mukurthi National Park in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The panchayath is surrounded by two rivers, the Punnappuzha to the north and west and the Karimpuzha to the south.
20231101.en_13200734_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam	Moothedam	Moothedam had been primarily an agrarian society and it still is to an extent. The two bridges respectively across punnapuzha (in kattadi) and karimpuzha (in palangara) built in late 90's boosted the development of the region.
20231101.en_13200734_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam	Moothedam	Karappuram, one of the main towns of the panchayath hosts the majority of offices and other government buildings, with the exception of higher secondary school which is at the moothedam town.
20231101.en_13200734_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam	Moothedam	Moothedam panchayath is surrounded by the Punnappuzha river, and forest. The Grama panchayath office is situated at Karappuram. There are 15 wards in this panchayath.
20231101.en_13200734_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam	Moothedam	Moothedam village connects to other parts of India through Nilambur town. State Highway No.28 starts from Nilambur and connects to Ooty, Mysore and Bangalore through Highways.12,29 and 181. National highway No.66 passes through Ramanattukara and the northern stretch connects to Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. State. The nearest airport is at Karipur. The nearest major railway station is at Nilambur Road railway station.12 kilometers from Moothedam Town
20231101.en_13200756_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The Buffalo Bulls are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University at Buffalo (UB) in Buffalo, New York. The Bulls compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level as a member of Mid-American Conference (MAC) East Division, having joined the conference in 1998. Buffalo sponsors teams in seven men's and nine women's NCAA sanctioned sports. The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the highest level for college football.
20231101.en_13200756_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The first half of Buffalo's color scheme of blue and white was implemented in 1886 when Buffalo's medical school began tying its diplomas using blue ribbons. Later, its pharmacy school began tying its diplomas using white ribbons to distinguish itself from the medical school. Those colors were adopted as Buffalo's official colors as the university grew and added more departments. Internally, Buffalo refers to its shade of royal blue as "UB Blue" and its shade of white as "Hayes Hall White."
20231101.en_13200756_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Buffalo's athletic history predates the foundation of the NCAA. In 1894, a group of medical students at what was then known as the university of Buffalo formed the University of Buffalo Athletic Association and organized its first football team. A baseball team also represented Buffalo since at least 1894, according to an article in the Buffalo Evening News from October 1895 which mentioned that the previous year's team would be reorganized. Before the close of the century, a hockey and track and field team were also formed.
20231101.en_13200756_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 1903, the school's athletics program was canceled due to lack of funding. In 1905, during the period of inactivity, a men's basketball team began play, although it was not officially sponsored by the school.
20231101.en_13200756_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Buffalo's sports teams were known as the Buffalo Bison until the 1930s, at which point they changed their name to the Bulls to avoid confusion with several professional sports teams of the same name. However, in 1960, the Buffalo Bills began play in the American Football League. Their similar names would lead to decades of brand confusion. In 1997, Buffalo's women's teams changed their names to the Bulls from the Buffalo Royals.
20231101.en_13200756_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Buffalo joined the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC) in the 1978–79 academic year.
20231101.en_13200756_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 1986, the State University of New York approved university president Steven Sample's request to elevate the school's sports from NCAA Division III to NCAA Division I within an estimated 5–7 years. At the time, the expectation was that UB would play football in NCAA Division I-AA. The school joined Division I-AA in 1993 and Division I-A in 1999.
20231101.en_13200756_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 1997, Buffalo introduced Victor E. Bull, its new mascot, a student in a blue, anthropomorphic bull costume. The mascot was named by a student write-in contest in the school's newspaper, The Spectrum. He replaced a brown, anthropomorphic bull named "Woody Bully."
20231101.en_13200756_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2013, under Athletic Director Danny White, Buffalo rebranded in such a way as to "expand and enhance the visibility of UB's athletic teams in New York State and nationwide." The rebranding capitalized on its status in the State University of New York system and included wordmarks featuring the formal "State University of New York at Buffalo" name in which "New York" was emphasized in more prominent letters. The basketball court at Alumni Arena and turf at UB Stadium also featured silhouettes of New York State. In April 2016, following the departure of Danny White, the school announced it would revert to Buffalo-focused branding.
20231101.en_13200756_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Following the 2016–17 academic year, Buffalo eliminated its baseball, men's soccer, men's swimming and diving and women's rowing programs. The university, then under the direction of president Satish K. Tripathi and athletic director Allen Greene, estimated the measure would save the school $2 million while maintaining the number of teams at sixteen, the minimum amount necessary to maintain membership in Division I.
20231101.en_13200756_10	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team has been a member of Division I since the mid-1990s after dropping to the Division III level for the 1977–1978 season.
20231101.en_13200756_11	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In their 2004–2005 campaign, led by senior guard Turner Battle (who was hired as a Buffalo assistant coach in 2007), the Bulls went on a run to the Mid-American Conference Championship game, beating Western Michigan in the semifinals at Gund Arena in Cleveland. In the MAC final, despite leading by 17 at the half, the Bulls lost in overtime to Ohio University on a tip-in by Leon Williams with 0.5 seconds remaining. The Bulls failed to clinch the automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, and were not chosen by the selection committee on Selection Sunday. They then went to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT). During that season, the Bulls were led by Coach Reggie Witherspoon, and ended the season with a school record of 23 wins.
20231101.en_13200756_12	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The 2014–15 Bulls team, under second-year coach Bobby Hurley, won its first conference championship and clinched its first trip to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in the school's history. The 2015–16 team, under rookie coach Nate Oats, repeated as MAC championships, making their second trip in a row to the NCAA tournament. In 2018, the program made the NCAA tournament for the third time in four years and upset no. 4 seed Arizona in the First round, marking its first win in a Division I tournament game in school history. In the following season the team was ranked in the Associated Press' top-25 poll for the first time ever after beating fourteenth-ranked West Virginia in West Virginia.
20231101.en_13200756_13	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Sam Pellom played in the NBA with the Atlanta Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks. He also played for the Washington Generals in a game against the Harlem Globetrotters before making it to the NBA.
20231101.en_13200756_14	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2022, Blue Collar U, a team consisting mainly of UB alumni, won The Basketball Tournament, a summer professional full-court tournament with a $1 million winner-take-all purse. Former Bulls star C. J. Massinburg was named tournament MVP.
20231101.en_13200756_15	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Felisha Legette-Jack was hired as the women's basketball head coach on June 14, 2012, making her the first coaching hire made by Athletic Director Danny White.
20231101.en_13200756_16	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2016 the women's basketball team won the MAC tournament and made their first trip to the NCAA tournament in program history. In 2018, the team made another trip to the NCAA tournament, beating South Florida in the first round and Florida State in the second round, reaching the Sweet Sixteen for the first time in program history.
20231101.en_13200756_17	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In November 2013, Zach Ahart won the MAC men's individual championship race with a time of 24:47.60. He was the first MAC cross country champion in school history. , no Buffalo men's runner had matched that feat.
20231101.en_13200756_18	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2012, UB hosted the MAC championships. They were also scheduled to host the NCAA Regional meet in the 2017 season.
20231101.en_13200756_19	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The Buffalo Bulls football team is a member of the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, having joined in 1998.
20231101.en_13200756_20	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2003, the Bulls were 6–39 since going to Division I-A. At that time, they were ranked 117, and were coached by Jim Hofher. The Bulls averaged just under 11,250 fans per game in 2003. Five years later, in 2008, the Buffalo Bulls routed the previously ranked and unbeaten Ball State Cardinals 42–24, capturing their first Mid-American Conference Championship. In that game, two fumbles were returned for touchdowns. The final game of the 2008 campaign was against the University of Connecticut in the 2009 International Bowl on January 3, 2009, at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario. In that game, the Bulls lost with a score of 38–20.
20231101.en_13200756_21	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2014, outside linebacker Khalil Mack was drafted by the Oakland Raiders fifth overall in the 2014 NFL Draft making him the highest selected Bulls player ever. Previously, the highest selected player was Gerry Philbin in 1964. Mack set the all-time NCAA record for forced fumbles and is also tied for career tackles for loss in the NCAA. In 2015, Mack became the first first-team All-Pro in NFL history to be elected in two different positions in the same year, as a defensive end and outside linebacker. Mack was named the NFL Defensive Player of the Year for the 2016 season.
20231101.en_13200756_22	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The UB women's soccer team won a regular season MAC title in 2000. In 2014, a program record was set with fourteen straight victories including their first conference championship in a game over Western Michigan. Buffalo also earned its first berth in the NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.
20231101.en_13200756_23	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2020, the MAC elected to discontinue the Mid-American Conference Women's Soccer Tournament in order to save money and instead send the leading team in each division to a conference championship game. As a result, in 2021, Buffalo was not given a chance to play for the conference championship despite finishing with the most wins (a 6–1–1 record) and the highest rating percentage index in the MAC East. Bowling Green finished first in the MAC East with a record of only 5–1; because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bowling Green's season was put on pause and they played two fewer games than Buffalo and four fewer games than some other MAC teams. The Bulls team was outraged by the outcome.
20231101.en_13200756_24	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	, the Bulls softball program has a record of 317–704–1 in Division I and 131–288–1 in conference games.
20231101.en_13200756_25	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Buffalo's women's swimming and diving won its first conference championship in 2021. A program-record ten swimmers earned all-conference honors.
20231101.en_13200756_26	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The current Men's tennis coach is Lee Nickell who was appointed in June 2009. As head coach the Bulls have posted winning records in five of their six seasons. He has achieved a 69–54 overall record. Nickel has been selected as MAC Coach of the Year twice, the first during his first season as the Bulls head coach in 2009 and also in 2015 when the Bulls advanced to NCAA tournament for the first time in history.
20231101.en_13200756_27	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	The UB women's tennis team reached the MAC Championship from 2005 to 2008, losing to Western Michigan during the first two efforts. In 2008, the Bulls secured their first MAC title, defeating Western Michigan, 4–3. The Bulls then went on to their first NCAA tournament, where they played the eventual NCAA Champion, UCLA.
20231101.en_13200756_28	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2015 UB's men track and field star, Jonathan Jones, became the first national champion in any sport in UB's Division I history when he won the shot put at the NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
20231101.en_13200756_29	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Women's track and field includes an outdoor and an indoor season. Some women participate in both indoor and outdoor track and field.
20231101.en_13200756_30	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	In 2010, the UB women's volleyball team opened their season with a 3–0 win against Youngstown State University at the West Virginia University Mountaineer Classic. In that win, the Lady Bulls won three straight sets with scores of 26–24, 25–20, and 25–16 after a slow start in the first set. Several UB players in the game scored more than 7 kills each, with Kristin Bignell making 9 kills.
20231101.en_13200756_31	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bulls	Buffalo Bulls	Lizaiha Garcia has played professionally and for the Puerto Rico women's national volleyball team. Dana Musil, the daughter of former National Hockey League defenseman Frank Musil and former tennis pro Andrea Holíková, sister of future NHL defenseman David Musil and niece of former NHL All-Star Bobby Holik, played volleyball for the Bulls.

20231101.en_13200559_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Cayzer

August Cayzer

On leaving the Royal Navy, he joined the family firm, later becoming chairman. He was also chairman of the Clan Line, Houston Line and Scottish Shire Line, as well as several other companies. He was a director of the Suez Canal Company.

20231101.en_13200568_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Days%20or%20Die

2 Days or Die

2 Days or Die is an album that was released on February 25, 2004, by Atlas Plug. The album was originally released only as a digital release (MP3), and later on CD.

20231101.en_13200568_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Days%20or%20Die

2 Days or Die

The album was mostly overlooked by mainstream reviewers, although it did receive some positive coverage.

20231101.en_13200568_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Days%20or%20Die

2 Days or Die

"The Ace the Only" made its appearance in Project Gotham Racing 3 and MLB 2006 as an in game soundtrack. "2 Days or Die", "Rule the World", and "Get Rolled On" all appear in the racing game Rallisport Challenge 2. 'Halfway Till Bliss' was featured in TimeShift.

20231101.en_13200595_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donovan%20discography

Donovan discography

Sunshine Superman / In Concert At The Anaheim Convention Center, double album [NL] (Epic EPC22016) (1975)

20231101.en_13200604_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

In mathematics, derivators are a proposed frameworkpg 190-195 for homological algebra giving a foundation for both abelian and non-abelian homological algebra and various generalizations of it. They were introduced to address the deficiencies of derived categories (such as the non-functoriality of the cone construction) and provide at the same time a language for homotopical algebra.

20231101.en_13200604_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

Derivators were first introduced by Alexander Grothendieck in his long unpublished 1983 manuscript Pursuing Stacks. They were then further developed by him in the huge unpublished 1991 manuscript Les Dérivateurs of almost 2000 pages. Essentially the same concept was introduced (apparently independently) by Alex Heller.

20231101.en_13200604_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

The manuscript has been edited for on-line publication by Georges Maltsiniotis. The theory has been further developed by several other people, including Heller, Franke, Keller and Groth.

20231101.en_13200604_3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

One of the motivating reasons for considering derivators is the lack of functoriality with the cone construction with triangulated categories. Derivators are able to solve this problem, and solve the inclusion of general homotopy colimits, by keeping track of all possible diagrams in a category with weak equivalences and their relations between each other. Heuristically, given the diagramwhich is a category with two objects and one non-identity arrow, and a functorto a category with a class of weak-equivalences (and satisfying the right hypotheses), we should have an associated functorwhere the target object is unique up to weak equivalence in . Derivators are able to encode this kind of information and provide a diagram calculus to use in derived categories and homotopy theory.

20231101.en_13200604_4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

Formally, a prederivator is a 2-functorfrom a suitable 2-category of indices to the category of categories. Typically such 2-functors come from considering the categories where is called the category of coefficients. For example, could be the category of small categories which are filtered, whose objects can be thought of as the indexing sets for a filtered colimit. Then, given a morphism of diagramsdenote byThis is called the inverse image functor. In the motivating example, this is just precompositition, so given a functor there is an associated functor . Note these 2-functors could be taken to bewhere is a suitable class of weak equivalences in a category .

20231101.en_13200604_5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

The 2-category of finite categories, so the objects are categories whose collection of objects are finite sets.

20231101.en_13200604_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

The ordinal category can be categorified into a two category, where the objects are categories with one object, and the functors come form the arrows in the ordinal category.

20231101.en_13200604_7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

In addition, associated to any topological space is a category which could be used as the indexing category.

20231101.en_13200604_8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

Moreover, the sites underlying the Zariksi, Etale, etc, topoi of for some scheme or algebraic space along with their morphisms can be used for the indexing category

20231101.en_13200604_9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivator

Derivator

where is left adjoint to and so on. Heuristically, should correspond to inverse limits, to colimits.

20231101.en_13200611_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydnes

Sydnes

Sydnes is a traditional neighbourhood in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located along the Puddefjorden in the southern part of the city centre of Bergen. TV 2 has its headquarters at Sydnes. The Johanneskirken is located in this neighborhood.

20231101.en_13200625_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%2C%20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Horst, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Horst is a village and a former municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 7 June 2009, it is part of the Sundhagen municipality.

20231101.en_13200637_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

John McQuillan (30 August 1920 – 8 March 1998) was an Irish politician, trade union official and army officer.

20231101.en_13200637_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

He was born in Ballyforan, County Roscommon in 1920, the eldest of seven childlen. His father, Thomas Francis McQuillan was a Royal Irish Constabulary sergeant, and later became a school teacher, while his mother Anne (née Fallon) was a national school teacher who came from a Republican family.

20231101.en_13200637_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

McQuillan was educated at Roscommon CBS, Summerhill College, Sligo, and St Clement's Redemptorist College, Limerick.

20231101.en_13200637_3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

He was a member of the Roscommon county team that won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 1943 and 1944. He began a career as an officer in the Irish Army though resigned to work as a local government official.

20231101.en_13200637_4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

He was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt as a Clann na Poblachta Teachta Dála (TD) for the Roscommon constituency at the 1948 general election. After fellow Clann na Poblachta TD, Noël Browne resigned as Minister for Health, McQuillan resigned from Clann na Poblachta in support of Browne and sat as an Independent TD. He was re-elected at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections as an independent TD.

20231101.en_13200637_5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

On 16 May 1958, the National Progressive Democrats party was founded with Noël Browne and McQuillan as the party's leaders. Between 1958 and 1961, 7 of the 9 motions discussed in Private Member's Time had been proposed by one of them. In 1961 and 1962 they asked 1,400 parliamentary questions, 17% of the total. The Taoiseach Seán Lemass paid them a unique compliment by referring to them as "the real opposition". Both were re-elected at the 1961 general election. In October 1963 both men joined the Labour Party. This new arrangement did not prove electorally beneficial to McQuillan as he lost his seat in Roscommon at the 1965 general election. However, he was elected to Seanad Éireann by the Administrative Panel. He resigned the Labour Party whip in 1967 and did not seek re-election at the 1969 general election, and retired from his Roscommon County Council seat in 1974.

20231101.en_13200637_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McQuillan

Jack McQuillan

When the Socialist Labour Party was founded in 1977, McQuillan joined as a trustee of the new party but later resigned. Remaining close to Noël Browne he lobbied hard for him to get the Labour Party nomination to contest the 1990 presidential election for the Labour Party. However, Mary Robinson was the preferred candidate of Dick Spring.

20231101.en_13200665_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

The Darkest Night of the Year is a Christmas album by the group Over the Rhine, released independently in 1996. It is their fifth studio album overall, and the last to feature the band's original lineup.

20231101.en_13200665_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

The album features six interpretations of traditional Christmas songs, three original instrumentals, three vocal compositions, and a second version of "Silent Night" featuring Terri Templeton, who was touring with Over The Rhine as a secondary vocalist at the time. Ten years later, Over The Rhine would release a second Christmas album, Snow Angels with a greater emphasis on original compositions.

20231101.en_13200665_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

This album is notable for being the first Over The Rhine album not to feature the photography of Michael Wilson. The cover illustration is by David Sheldon. Additionally, this is the only full-length OTR album to feature bassist Chris Dahlgren, who began touring with the band in 1996 to accommodate Linford Detweiler's move to keyboards.

20231101.en_13200665_3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

The two versions of "Silent Night" are performed in different styles: the first being a full-band electric recording similar to the sound of Eve, while the second is a slower, acoustic reading featuring Norm Johns' upright bass.

20231101.en_13200665_4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

"A Little Lower Than the Angels" takes its title from a lyric of Good Dog, Bad Dogs "All I Need Is Everything"; however the songs are not related musically.

20231101.en_13200665_5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

Linford Detweiler – producer (1-5, 8-12), recording (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11), mixing (1, 3-5, 8, 10, 11), vocal and bass recording (2), final mix (2)

20231101.en_13200665_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Darkest%20Night%20of%20the%20Year

The Darkest Night of the Year

Ric Hordinski – producer (2, 6, 13), guitar and drum recording (2), recording (6, 13), mixing (6, 13)

20231101.en_13200698_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients

List of historical Gnutella clients

Many projects have attempted to use the Gnutella network, since its introduction in early 2000. This list enumerates abandoned or discontinued projects.

20231101.en_13200698_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients

List of historical Gnutella clients

Mutella was a Gnutella client developed by Max Zaitsev and Gregory Block. It had two user interfaces, one for textmode use and another called remote control, which ran on an integrated web server and was used by a web browser. The first public version of Mutella was published on October 6, 2001.

20231101.en_13200698_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients

List of historical Gnutella clients

The Mutella logo was changed into a squid somewhere around version 4.1. Before this change the logo used to be an Ouroboros. There was a blue and a black version of the ouroboros logo.

20231101.en_13200698_3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20historical%20Gnutella%20clients

List of historical Gnutella clients

XoloX was a Gnutella-based peer-to-peer file sharing application for Windows. It advertised having no spyware, adware, or hijackware. However, upon installation, it prompted the user to install programs suspected to be of that kind. Also, Microsoft Anti-Spyware detected adware programs when you started to install the program.

20231101.en_13200716_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchdorf%2C%20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Kirchdorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Kirchdorf is a village and a former municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 7 June 2009, it is part of the Sundhagen municipality.

20231101.en_13200719_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Subject indexing is the act of describing or classifying a document by index terms, keywords, or other symbols in order to indicate what different documents are about, to summarize their contents or to increase findability. In other words, it is about identifying and describing the subject of documents. Indexes are constructed, separately, on three distinct levels: terms in a document such as a book; objects in a collection such as a library; and documents (such as books and articles) within a field of knowledge.

20231101.en_13200719_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Subject indexing is used in information retrieval especially to create bibliographic indexes to retrieve documents on a particular subject. Examples of academic indexing services are Zentralblatt MATH, Chemical Abstracts and PubMed. The index terms were mostly assigned by experts but author keywords are also common.

20231101.en_13200719_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

The process of indexing begins with any analysis of the subject of the document. The indexer must then identify terms which appropriately identify the subject either by extracting words directly from the document or assigning words from a controlled vocabulary. The terms in the index are then presented in a systematic order.

20231101.en_13200719_3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Indexers must decide how many terms to include and how specific the terms should be. Together this gives a depth of indexing.

20231101.en_13200719_4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

The first step in indexing is to decide on the subject matter of the document. In manual indexing, the indexer would consider the subject matter in terms of answer to a set of questions such as "Does the document deal with a specific product, condition or phenomenon?". As the analysis is influenced by the knowledge and experience of the indexer, it follows that two indexers may analyze the content differently and so come up with different index terms. This will impact on the success of retrieval.

20231101.en_13200719_5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Automatic indexing follows set processes of analyzing frequencies of word patterns and comparing results to other documents in order to assign to subject categories. This requires no understanding of the material being indexed. This leads to more uniform indexing but at the expense of the true meaning being interpreted. A computer program will not understand the meaning of statements and may therefore fail to assign some relevant terms or assign incorrectly. Human indexers focus their attention on certain parts of the document such as the title, abstract, summary and conclusions, as analyzing the full text in depth is costly and time-consuming An automated system takes away the time limit and allows the entire document to be analyzed, but also has the option to be directed to particular parts of the document.

20231101.en_13200719_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

The second stage of indexing involves the translation of the subject analysis into a set of index terms. This can involve extracting from the document or assigning from a controlled vocabulary. With the ability to conduct a full text search widely available, many people have come to rely on their own expertise in conducting information searches and full text search has become very popular. Subject indexing and its experts, professional indexers, catalogers, and librarians, remains crucial to information organization and retrieval. These experts understand controlled vocabularies and are able to find information that cannot be located by full text search. The cost of expert analysis to create subject indexing is not easily compared to the cost of hardware, software and labor to manufacture a comparable set of full-text, fully searchable materials. With new web applications that allow every user to annotate documents, social tagging has gained popularity especially in the Web.

20231101.en_13200719_7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

One application of indexing, the book index, remains relatively unchanged despite the information revolution.

20231101.en_13200719_8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Extraction indexing involves taking words directly from the document. It uses natural language and lends itself well to automated techniques where word frequencies are calculated and those with a frequency over a pre-determined threshold are used as index terms. A stop-list containing common words (such as "the", "and") would be referred to and such stop words would be excluded as index terms.

20231101.en_13200719_9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Automated extraction indexing may lead to loss of meaning of terms by indexing single words as opposed to phrases. Although it is possible to extract commonly occurring phrases, it becomes more difficult if key concepts are inconsistently worded in phrases. Automated extraction indexing also has the problem that, even with use of a stop-list to remove common words, some frequent words may not be useful for allowing discrimination between documents. For example, the term glucose is likely to occur frequently in any document related to diabetes. Therefore, use of this term would likely return most or all the documents in the database. Post-coordinated indexing where terms are combined at the time of searching would reduce this effect but the onus would be on the searcher to link appropriate terms as opposed to the information professional. In addition terms that occur infrequently may be highly significant for example a new drug may be mentioned infrequently but the novelty of the subject makes any reference significant. One method for allowing rarer terms to be included and common words to be excluded by automated techniques would be a relative frequency approach where frequency of a word in a document is compared to frequency in the database as a whole. Therefore, a term that occurs more often in a document than might be expected based on the rest of the database could then be used as an index term, and terms that occur equally frequently throughout will be excluded.

20231101.en_13200719_10

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Another problem with automated extraction is that it does not recognize when a concept is discussed but is not identified in the text by an indexable keyword.

20231101.en_13200719_11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Since this process is based on simple string matching and involves no intellectual analysis, the resulting product is more appropriately known as a concordance than an index.

20231101.en_13200719_12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

An alternative is assignment indexing where index terms are taken from a controlled vocabulary. This has the advantage of controlling for synonyms as the preferred term is indexed and synonyms or related terms direct the user to the preferred term. This means the user can find articles regardless of the specific term used by the author and saves the user from having to know and check all possible synonyms. It also removes any confusion caused by homographs by inclusion of a qualifying term. A third advantage is that it allows the linking of related terms whether they are linked by hierarchy or association, e.g. an index entry for an oral medication may list other oral medications as related terms on the same level of the hierarchy but would also link to broader terms such as treatment. Assignment indexing is used in manual indexing to improve inter-indexer consistency as different indexers will have a controlled set of terms to choose from. Controlled vocabularies do not completely remove inconsistencies as two indexers may still interpret the subject differently.

20231101.en_13200719_13

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

The final phase of indexing is to present the entries in a systematic order. This may involve linking entries. In a pre-coordinated index the indexer determines the order in which terms are linked in an entry by considering how a user may formulate their search. In a post-coordinated index, the entries are presented singly and the user can link the entries through searches, most commonly carried out by computer software. Post-coordination results in a loss of precision in comparison to pre-coordination

20231101.en_13200719_14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Indexers must make decisions about what entries should be included and how many entries an index should incorporate. The depth of indexing describes the thoroughness of the indexing process with reference to exhaustivity and specificity

20231101.en_13200719_15

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

An exhaustive index is one which lists all possible index terms. Greater exhaustivity gives a higher recall, or more likelihood of all the relevant articles being retrieved, however, this occurs at the expense of precision. This means that the user may retrieve a larger number of irrelevant documents or documents which only deal with the subject in little depth. In a manual system a greater level of exhaustivity brings with it a greater cost as more man-hours are required. The additional time taken in an automated system would be much less significant. At the other end of the scale, in a selective index only the most important aspects are covered. Recall is reduced in a selective index as if an indexer does not include enough terms, a highly relevant article may be overlooked. Therefore, indexers should strive for a balance and consider what the document may be used. They may also have to consider the implications of time and expense.

20231101.en_13200719_16

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

The specificity describes how closely the index terms match the topics they represent An index is said to be specific if the indexer uses parallel descriptors to the concept of the document and reflects the concepts precisely. Specificity tends to increase with exhaustivity as the more terms you include, the narrower those terms will be.

20231101.en_13200719_17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Hjørland (2011) found that theories of indexing are at the deepest level connected to different theories of knowledge:

20231101.en_13200719_18

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Rationalist theories of indexing (such as Ranganathan's theory) suggest that subjects are constructed logically from a fundamental set of categories. The basic method of subject analysis is then "analytic-synthetic", to isolate a set of basic categories (=analysis) and then to construct the subject of any given document by combining those categories according to some rules (=synthesis).

20231101.en_13200719_19

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Empiricist theories of indexing are based on selecting similar documents based on their properties, in particular by applying numerical statistical techniques.

20231101.en_13200719_20

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Historicist and hermeneutical theories of indexing suggest that the subject of a given document is relative to a given discourse or domain, why the indexing should reflect the need of a particular discourse or domain. According to hermeneutics is a document always written and interpreted from particular horizon. The same is the case with systems of knowledge organization and with all users searching such systems. Any question put to such a system is put from a particular horizon. All those horizons may be more or less in consensus or in conflict. To index a document is to try to contribute to the retrieval of “relevant” documents by knowing about those different horizons.

20231101.en_13200719_21

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

Pragmatic and critical theories of indexing (such as Hjørland, 1997) is in agreement with the historicist point of view that subjects are relative to specific discourses but emphasizes that subject analysis should support given goals and values and should consider the consequences of indexing one way or another. These theories believe that indexing cannot be neutral and that it is a wrong goal to try to index in a neutral way. Indexing is an act (and computer based indexing is acting according to the programmers intentions). Acts serve human goals. Libraries and information services also serve human goals, why their indexing should be done in a way that supports these goals as much as possible. At a first glance this looks strange because the goals of libraries and information services is to identify any document or piece of information. Nonetheless is any specific way of indexing always supporting some kind of uses at the expense of other. The documents to be indexed intend to serve some specific purposes in a community. Basically the indexing should intend serving the same purposes. Primary and secondary documents and information services are parts of the same overall social system. In such a system different theories, epistemologies, worldviews etc. may be at play and users need to be able to orient themselves and to navigate among those different views. This calls for a mapping of the different epistemologies in the field and classification of the single document into such a map. Excellent examples of such different paradigms and their consequences for indexing and classification systems are provided in the domain of art by Ørom (2003) and in music by Abrahamsen (2003).

20231101.en_13200719_22

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

The core of indexing is, as stated by Rowley & Farrow to evaluate a paper's contribution to knowledge and index it accordingly. Or, with the words of Hjørland (1992, 1997) to index its informative potentials.

20231101.en_13200719_23

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20indexing

Subject indexing

"In order to achieve good consistent indexing, the indexer must have a thorough appreciation of the structure of the subject and the nature of the contribution that the document is making to the advancement of knowledge." (Rowley & Farrow, 2000, p. 99).

20231101.en_13200720_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiphyllaea

Basiphyllaea

Basiphyllaea is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), known as Carter's orchid or crab orchids. They are native to Florida and the West Indies. At the present time (May 2014), 7 species are recognized:

20231101.en_13200720_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiphyllaea

Basiphyllaea

Institute for Regional Conservation, Floristic Inventory of South Florida Online, Basiphyllaea corallicola (Small) Ames, Carter's orchid

20231101.en_13200732_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartfjellet%2C%20Kval%C3%B8ya

Svartfjellet, Kvaløya

Svartfjellet () is the highest mountain on the island of Kvaløya in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The tall summit lies in Hammerfest Municipality, about southeast of the town of Hammerfest.

20231101.en_13200734_0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam

Moothedam

Moothedam is a small town and panchayath in Nilambur taluk of the Malappuram district in the Indian State of Kerala. It is situated on the foothills of the Western Ghats near Mukurthi National Park in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The panchayath is surrounded by two rivers, the Punnappuzha to the north and west and the Karimpuzha to the south.

20231101.en_13200734_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam

Moothedam

Moothedam had been primarily an agrarian society and it still is to an extent. The two bridges respectively across punnapuzha (in kattadi) and karimpuzha (in palangara) built in late 90's boosted the development of the region.

20231101.en_13200734_2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam

Moothedam

Karappuram, one of the main towns of the panchayath hosts the majority of offices and other government buildings, with the exception of higher secondary school which is at the moothedam town.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam

Moothedam

Moothedam panchayath is surrounded by the Punnappuzha river, and forest. The Grama panchayath office is situated at Karappuram. There are 15 wards in this panchayath.

20231101.en_13200734_4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moothedam

Moothedam

Moothedam village connects to other parts of India through Nilambur town. State Highway No.28 starts from Nilambur and connects to Ooty, Mysore and Bangalore through Highways.12,29 and 181. National highway No.66 passes through Ramanattukara and the northern stretch connects to Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. State. The nearest airport is at Karipur. The nearest major railway station is at Nilambur Road railway station.12 kilometers from Moothedam Town

20231101.en_13200756_0