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According to the latest research in the United States,men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate.Professor Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University has noticed the difference in the style of boys' and girls' conversations from an early age.She says that little girls' conversation is less definite than boys' and expresses more doubts.Little boys use conversations to establish status with their listeners. These differences continue into adult life,she says.In public conversations,men talk most and interrupt other speakers more.In private conversations,men and women speak in equal amounts--although they say things in a different style.Professor Tannen believes that,for women,private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy(,).For men,private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship. Teaching is one job where the differences between men's and women's ways of talking show.When a man teaches a woman,says Professor Tannen,he wants to show that he has more knowledge,and hence(,)more power in conversation.When a woman teaches another woman,however,she is more likely to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in. But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful.She says women feel they achieve power by being able to help others.Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women,Professor Tannen says,women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationship. Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is pre-programmed for language.As we are usually taught to speak by women,it seems that the brain must have a sexual bias in its programming,otherwise male speech patterns would not arise at all. There are in little girls' conversation than in boys'.
|
[
"fewer doubts",
"more demands",
"more doubts",
"fewer uncertainties"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through society. But the findings might also offer hope. If friends help make obesity acceptable, then they might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism . The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1972 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study. The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study. The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found a person's chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 50% if a friend had become obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead researcher in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendship, a person had a 71% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in a brother. In sisters, it was 67%. The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California was the other lead expert. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people's health is tied to their social connections. Both researchers say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but also a public health problem. Which of the following statements would Nicholas Christakis agree to?
|
[
"If one gains weight, one's friends are likely to get fat.",
"Social problems like alcoholism are easy to deal with.",
"Friends usually don't follow each other to lose weight.",
"One might influence others on their social behavior."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The gray-haired lady can't wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago. Not all cases of Alzheimer's disease look like this, but Alzheimer's is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75. It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer's. In the early stages, people may exhibit short-term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs. While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain's nerve fibers , their effect is certain. Alzheimer's destroys not only the patients, but also spouses , friends and families. What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Though many reasons other than Alzheimer's disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects. What feeling will you likely experience if a loved one suffers from Alzheimer's disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn't remember you are married. Life for the Alzheimer's patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them. Memory loss occurs _ .
|
[
"from Alzheimer's disease and nothing else",
"from sadness, shock, anger, and so on",
"for a number of reasons",
"with changes in personality"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these would be the best representation of the particles in a solid material?
|
[
"The football players playing on the field.",
"The planes flying over the football stadium.",
"The spectators sitting in their seats at the football stadium.",
"The spectators arriving at the football stadium and moving to their seats."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Five-year-old Joe Brown isn't backward at coming forward about what he thinks of his big sisters, Rosie and Matilda. "They're horrible and ugly," he said, with a grin . "Horrible and ugly." Then again, his sisters aren't always over-fond of their young brother, either. "When Joe was born, Matilda said she was going to kill him before he was three because she really envied him," said the eldest, 13-year-old Rosie. "She used to get all the special attention and now she doesn't any more." As for Matilda, 11, she too can be quite cruel. "Joe's the one that's most annoying," she said. It's somehow certain to know that kids act the same no matter who their parents are -- in this case actors Bryan Brown and Rachel Ward. And the couple agreed to let their children have freedom when it came to them participating in a Telling-the-Truth ABC TV program about brothers and sisters. The TV program invites an American expert on the subject, Frank J. Sulloway, who tells how our personalities are often shaped by our order of birth, position in the family and relationships between brothers and sisters. First-borns tend to be conservative , ambitious and close to their parents. Those coming later have to make a conscious effort to be different in order to successfully compete for their parents' attention. As a result, the youngest children tend to end up history's great risk-takers, rebels or movers and shakers. "This kind of relationships is really the key personality-forming relationships of all our lives," said Ms Sauers, a secondary school teacher. "The relationships are generally the longest relationships we have; they go from childhood to old age." "A lot of people feel those relationships really _ because, with brothers and sisters, you can't get away with anything bad." "As for Joe, Rosie and Matilda, their daily battles over clothes, musical instruments, who performs best in sport and parental love are as regular as any other kids." "And considering who their mum and dad are, they're very normal and unaffected." What's the readers' impression about Joe Brown after reading the passage?
|
[
"Joe Brown doesn't like to go back when he comes to see his big sisters Rosie and Matilda.",
"The little brother Joe Brown is a little backward compared with his big sisters.",
"Joe Brown is ready to say something ill about his big sisters.",
"Young as Joe Brown is, he isn't forward and actually is as backward as his big sisters."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It's fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that's why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! If you get on a bicycle and ride it, you may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your cars. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don't even have to ride all the way. Folding bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers. Here are some of Health Benefits of Bicycling: 2 Bicycling helps to prevent heart diseases. 2 Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. 2 Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. 2 Bicycling is healthier than driving. From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming more and more _ .
|
[
"surprising",
"exciting",
"expensive",
"welcomed"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My oldest child, Emma, just returned to campus after a long holiday break to finish up her last period of college. These days, friends and family have begun flooding me with one question: What is she going to do after graduation? The job market is, after all, awfully tough. Just this month the Federal Reserve Bank published a study showing that "recent graduates are increasingly working in low-paid jobs or working part-time." The bright spot, according to the study, is for students who majored in STEM-- science, technology, engineering and mathematics -- areas in which recent graduates "have tended to do relatively well". But Emma is a student of the humanities at a small college. She's an American Studies major with a focus on the politics and culture of food. For quite a while, I think her field of study is so fashionable right now that I'm not the least bit worried she will find a good job. Yet the more I've thought about it, the more I've decided to be honest. "I'm not sure what Emma is going to do," I now say. "But she's gotten a great education and has really found her interest. -- and I know those things will serve her well over the course of her life." Nowadays, more and more universities and colleges are being measured by the salaries of their recent graduates. In this climate, encouraging your kid to study the humanities, seems, at best, unwise or, at worst, unconcerned with earning a living. But a college is not a vocational school. And promoting STEM subjects should not be society's only answer to helping the next generation grow in a competitive world. From the beginning, we never urged Emma to pick a college or a major with an eye on its expected return on money, as more and more families are doing. To Emma, what really matters will be something that we may not be able to measure for quite a long time: Emma's contribution to the world and how happy she is in it. Why did Emma choose a major in the humanities?
|
[
"Because she is interested in it.",
"Because her mother told her to.",
"Because it is increasingly popular.",
"Because she wants further education."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a result of rain forest deforestation, some organisms lose their habitats. Which is also an effect of rain forest deforestation?
|
[
"a decrease in the rate of soil erosion",
"a decrease in the fertility of the topsoil",
"an increase in the production of plants used for medicines",
"an increase in the amount of oxygen produced in the atmosphere"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Emmy investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill?",
"Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster?",
"Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which object has less thermal energy?
|
[
"a 400-gram rock at a temperature of 65°C",
"a 400-gram rock at a temperature of 75°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In plants, the xylem and phloem move water and nutrients through the plant for use and storage. In humans, an organ system with a similar function is the
|
[
"nervous system.",
"respiratory system.",
"cardiovascular system.",
"integumentary system."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You may have seen a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someone's home. The parrot has learned to copy sounds that people make. Birds are not the only animals that can copy the noises they hear. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also copy sounds. Now we can add elephants to this list of copycats. Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist. She studies the sounds of elephants. While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises made by Mlaika after sunset. Mlaika was a 10-year-old African elephant. Mlaika lived near a highway. Dr. Poole says, "I could not tell the difference between Mlaika's call and the distant truck noise." She and other scientists studied Mlaika's sounds. It turned out that Mlaika was copying the sounds of the trucks driving by. Why would Mlaika copy trucks that she heard going by on the highway? Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy practicing new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds. That may be why an elephant would copy the sound of a truck. "Mlaika was not the only copycat elephant," Dr. Poole says. Calimero is a 23-year-old male African elephant. He spent 18 years with two female Asian elephants. Asian elephants make chirping sounds (sounds made by birds) to talk with one another. African elephants usually do not make chirping sounds. But Calimero now does. He is copying his Asian elephant friends. Dr. Poole says that elephants need to form bonds with their family and friends. She says, "They make sounds to communicate with each other. When they are separated, they use sounds to keep in contact." Parrots, dolphins, humans, and elephants show that being a copycat is one way that animals and people make new friends and keep old ones. Why is Calimero mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"To clarify the meaning of copycat elephants.",
"To show the cleverness of African elephants.",
"To add another example of copycat elephants.",
"To introduce a special life skill of Asian elephants."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is a similarity 20 between x-ray waves and sound waves?
|
[
"Both transfer energy.",
"Both require a vacuum.",
"Both have the same speed.",
"Both have the same frequency."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During which process does a caterpillar become a butterfly?
|
[
"fertilization",
"metamorphosis",
"asexual reproduction",
"biological adaptation"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you know that colorful fruits and vegetables are good for your health? Their natural colors help protect your body from disease. Think about the colors of the food: the red of tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of kiwi fruit , and the purple of grapes. You can enjoy eating fruits and vegetables of all colors: green, yellow, orange, red, blue, purple and white. Each color has something unique and important for good health. They work together to protect your body. Scientists have surprisingly discovered the _ of colorful fruits and vegetables. The list below shows the benefits of some colors in fruits and vegetables. Red gives you a healthy heart. It can reduce the risk of heart disease. Red helps prevent cancer. It helps improve your memory, too. Yellow and orange give you a healthy immune system . They are also good for your eyes. They help prevent blindness in the old. White can keep cholesterol at a lower level. Green helps prevent cancer. It is good for your eyes. It also gives you strong bones and teeth. Blue and purple help protect your memory as you grow old. They also help fight cancer and heart disease. So when you buy or eat fruits and vegetables, remember: the more colors, the better! Daniel has poor eyesight. _ fruits and vegetables are good for him.
|
[
"Red, yellow and orange",
"White, green and blue",
"Yellow, green and orange",
"Blue, red and white"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are people less happy or happier when they get older? If your answer is"happier", then you are right,based on a study published seven years ago.It found that people become happier and experience less worry after age fifty.In fact,it found that by the age of eighty-five,people are happier with their life than they were at eighteen. The finding came from a Gallup survey of more than three hundred and forty thousand adults in the United States in 2008.At that time,people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five. Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five.Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Levels of happiness were the highest among the kids and those in their early seventies. The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older.However, women at all ages reported more sadness,stress and worry than men did. So why would happiness increase with age? One theory is that,as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences. How many adults were included in the survey?
|
[
"300",
"40,000",
"340,000",
"103"
] | 2C
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Songs that make our hearts happy can make them stronger too, US researchers reported on Tuesday. They found that when people listened to their favorite music, their blood vessels _ in much the same way as when they are laughing, or taking blood medications. "We have a pretty impressive effect," said Dr Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. "Blood vessel diameter improved," he said. "The vessel opened up pretty significantly. You can see the vessels opening up with other activities such as exercise." A similar effect is seen with drugs such as statins. When blood vessels open up more, blood flows more smoothly and is less likely to form the clots that cause heart attacks and strokes. "We are not saying to stop your statins or not to exercise but rather to add this to an overall program of heart health," said Miller, who presented his findings to a meeting of the American Heart Association in New Orleans. Miller's team tested 10 healthy, non-smoking men and women, who were told to bring their favorite music. They spent half an hour listening to the recordings and half an hour listening to music they said made them feel anxious while the researchers did ultrasound tests designed to show blood vessel function. Compared to their normal baseline measurements, blood vessel diameter increased 26 percent on average when the volunteers heard their joyful music. Listening to music they disliked -- in most cases in this group heavy metal -- blood vessels narrowed by six percent, Miller said. Miller said he came up with the idea after discovering that laughter caused blood to literally flow more smoothly. "I asked myself what other things make us feel really good, besides calories from dark chocolate of course. Music came to mind. ... It makes me feel really good," he said. Most of the volunteers chose country music but Miller said the style is not so important rather than what pleases each individual. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"blood clots are caused by heart attacks and strokes",
"music is better than chocolate for your health",
"the style of music has different effects on different people",
"a person's overall health is more influenced by how much exercise he gets"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Estelle has naturally straight hair.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Teens who become addicted to their cellphones may be placing their health at risk by harming their ability to sleep well,a new Swedish study suggests. "The message is that teenagers who use their cellphones excessively are much more stressed, much more restless, much more tired, and have a great tendency to develop sleep deprivation as a result of their calling habits, " said the study author Dr. Gaby Bader. He focused on the experiences of 21 healthy Swedish boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 20. The teens kept what the authors described as "regular working/studying hours" and were not previously diagnosed with any particular sleep irregularity. He observed that the above-15 call group kept more irregular sleeping hours than the lower-use group,had more difficulty falling asleep,more difficulty waking up,and experienced more sleep disruptions . Bader said that among young people,a ly recent technological invention like the cellphone has quickly become existed nearly everywhere,giving rise to considerable pressure to keep in touch. And this pressure can develop into an addiction,with serious negative results for teenager health. "We see more and more people--especially the young generation-- who grew up with these kinds of items and gadgets in their hands," Bader said. "And they become dependent on the technology. So,we have to teach young people to be structured. To know when to have the cellphone on,and when to switch it off. To avoid becoming the slave of technology,instead of the master. " Dr. Mary Carskadon expressed little surprise with the finding. " Interpersonal contact is one of the things that's best at keeping us awake," she observed. "And so,a young person receiving cellphone texts or phone calls is going to have more deep disturbances. And they are going to be tired and restless,and probably,as a result,going to use more stimulants .And judgment is not always the best in our teenage years. So, that's where I think parental attention to this issue may be useful. " Teens who become addicted to their cellphones will become .
|
[
"too anxious to relax.",
"unable to stay still.",
"unable to have real rest.",
"excited to forget sleep."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Move Earth--it's no science fiction LONDON--Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system. This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet--effectively doubling its working life. The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams is designed to carefully direct a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth. "Earth's orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun," Laughlin said. Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so "seriously _ " our biosphere by cooking us. That's why the group decided to try to save Earth. The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation in orbit could fire it straight at Earth--with deadly consequences. There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position, it is "most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth," it states. This would greatly change our planet's climate. What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?
|
[
"A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.",
"Earth's working life is coming to an end soon.",
"Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.",
"The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which describes the role of sexual reproduction in plants and animals?
|
[
"keeps all organisms looking similar",
"ensures the continuation of the species",
"produces offspring that are identical to the parents",
"increases the size of any population over a long period of time"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a water balloon?
|
[
"19 cups",
"19 fluid ounces",
"19 gallons"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large celebration. All of their friends and family came to see the lovely ceremony. Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true. A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a piece of advice, "I read in a magazine, a while ago, about how we can strengthen our marriage," she offered. "Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit annoying with the other person. Then, we can talk about how we can fix them together and make our lives happier together." The husband agreed. So each of them tried to think of the things that annoyed them about the other and wrote down what they came up with. The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their lists. "I'll start," offered the wife. She took out her list. It had many items on it, enough to fill three pages. In fact, as she started reading the list of the little annoyances, she noticed that tears were starting to appear in her husband's eyes because he never thought that he had so many shortcomings. The wife continued to read until she had read all three pages to her husband. "Now, you read your list and then we'll talk about the things on both of our lists," she said happily. Quietly the husband stated, "I don't have anything on my list. I think that you are perfect. I don't want you to change anything for me. You are lovely and wonderful and I wouldn't want to try and change anything about you." The wife, touched by his honesty and the depth of his love for her and his acceptance of her, turned her head and wept. In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don't really have to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise. Why waste time in this world looking for the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us and see the wonderful things before us? Why were there tears in the husband's eyes when the wife read his annoyances?
|
[
"Because he had no courage to face his shortcomings.",
"Because he never thought he had so many annoyances in his wife's eyes.",
"Because he was sorry that he didn't find any annoyance about his wife.",
"Because he didn't think he deserved to have such a perfect wife."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?
|
[
"to attract bees for pollination",
"to create flower arrangements",
"to protect the tree from disease",
"to feed migratory birds"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world's population is left-handed. Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person's two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person's hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn't happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with. Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don't have to. What is the hand for most people used to do?
|
[
"It's used to find or hold things.",
"It's used to work with things.",
"It's used to make a person's eyes work together.",
"It's the centre for thinking and doing problems."
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student is using hydrochloric acid in an investigation. Which piece of safety equipment is most important during this investigation?
|
[
"mask",
"goggles",
"fire extinguisher",
"disinfectant spray"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Doctors say anger can be an very harmful emotion unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, losing control of themselves. But other people repress their anger. They cannot or will not express it. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain gives off the same hormones that are produced during tense situations. They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood and narrow the blood vessels to the interstices . In general, the person feels excited and ready to act. Doctors said that repressing these feelings only makes the feelings continue. And this can lead to many medical problems. Doctors thought a person could prevent these problems by letting the anger out by expressing it freely. But recently some doctors held a different view. They said that people who express anger repeatedly and violently did become, in fact, more and not less angry. They said this,too,can cause medical problems. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, and then decide if the cause is serious. If it is, they say: "Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. " What is the central topic of this passage about?
|
[
"The different ways of dealing with anger.",
"The dangers of anger and the solution.",
"New medical discoveries.",
"The argument between the new and old views about anger."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures which are open to students from all departments--were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. "There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn't traditionally done. " He added. University applications rose 70% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people's renewed interest in careers in the pubic sector , which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain. Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: "It's possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that's financially wiser and betterequipped(...) to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty." Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their _ .
|
[
"greater stability",
"higher pay",
"fewer applications",
"better reputation"
] | 0A
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Claudia's teacher places a photograph of an organism on the board. He asks Claudia to determine if the organism is a plant or an animal. The answer to which question will best help Claudia determine if the organism is a plant or an animal?
|
[
"Does the organism have cells?",
"Does the organism reproduce?",
"Does the organism live in the forest?",
"Does the organism make its own food?"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week the American Medical Association voted, for the first time, to declare obesity a disease. How should the rest of us respond? When we meet obese people, should we cast them a knowing glance of concern and ask how they are doing? Should we send flowers and "get well soon" cards to obese family members and friends? Should the U.S. declare war on obesity, as we once did on cancer? If obesity truly is a disease, then over 78 million adults and 12 million children in America just got classified as sick. Yet many sensible people know that declaring obesity a disease is a mistake. Simply put, obesity is not a disease. To be sure, it is a risk factor for some diseases. Yet everyone who is obese does not get sick, and many normal-weight people do not stay healthy. I have known slim people who took good care of themselves throughout their lives yet fell ill and died young. Others who exhibited no particular interest in their health and did not watch their weight lived to an old age. In most cases, we simply cannot tell from a person's weight what lies ahead for them in life. Consider Winston Churchill. Though average in height, Churchill weighed up to 250 pounds. He smoked cigars and drank ly heavily. He did not work out. Yet he became perhaps the most important statesmen of the 20th century and one of the greatest politicians in history. He lived to age 90. Is obesity bad for people? For some, especially patients who are extremely overweight, the answer is almost certainly yes. Would many overweight people benefit from exercising more and eating less? Again, the answer is likely yes. But this does not make obesity a disease. Many people are not harmed by carrying extra pounds, some may actually benefit from it. For these reasons, we should be careful before labeling obese people diseased. Where can we probably find the text?
|
[
"A government report",
"A popular science magazine",
"A website about losing weight",
"A book about famous people"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Schools have been blamed for giving kids access to soda in vending machines . But new data suggest that school soft drink sales may not be an important factor in how much soda kids drink. In the current issue of The Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, researchers compared soda consumption among nearly 500 students inprefix = st1 /Mainewho attended seven schools over two school years. Four of the schools cut back on soft drink availability at the schools, while three of the schools made no changes. All the students were drinking less soda by the end of the study period, but there were no meaningful differences in overall soft drink consumption among the different schools. The data suggest that limiting soft drink availability at school doesn't result in meaningful changes in drink consumption patterns. While there were no changes in overall soda consumption, there was a notable shift in diet soda drinking among girls. If the school cut back on soda availability, girls were less likely to drink diet soda, compared to girls in schools that made no changes. The data are the latest to suggest that schools may not play as big of a role in kids' poor eating habits as widely believed. Last year, The American Journal of Public Healthpublished a provocative study showing that childhood weight problems often get worse in the summer, when kids are out of school. Data from kindergarteners and first graders found that body mass index increased two to three times as fast in summer as during the regular school year. Minority children were especially at risk, as were children who were already overweight. Even children who were too thin and needed to gain weight appeared to have better eating habits during the school year. They actually gained more weight while in school and less in the summer. Even so, much of the focus on childhood nutrition and obesity remains in the nation's schools. Today, The Timesreported that even the school bake sale is disappearing as districts impose strict standards on the food served on school grounds. The writer voices his opinion by _ .
|
[
"conducting scientific research",
"comparing two journals",
"criticizing wrong beliefs",
"referring to ready data"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can not talk with words,but they can talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.Dolphins travel in a group.We call a group of fish a"school".They do not study,but they travel together.Dolphins are mammals ,not fish,but they swim together like fish in a schoo1.Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the schoo1.They give information to the others.They talk when they are happy,sad or afraid.They say"welcome"when a dolphin comes back to the schoo1.They talk when they play. They make some sounds above water.They make many more sounds under water.People cannot hear these sounds because they are very,very high.Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium .People can watch dolphins in a show.Dolphins do not like to be away from their school in an aquarium.They are sad and lonely.There are many stories about dolphins.They help people.Sometimes they save somebody' s life.Dolphins' meat is good,but people do not like to kill them.They say that dolphins bring good luck.Many people believe this. The best title for this passage is _ .
|
[
"Dolphin's talk",
"Schools of dolphins",
"The dolphin",
"Man's friend"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An ice cube placed in sunlight melts quickly. Which BEST explains this event?
|
[
"The Sun is far away.",
"The Sun makes heat.",
"The ice cube is a solid.",
"The ice cube looks clear."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you! If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social! Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation. _ When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary
|
[
"to sustain a colorful lifestyle",
"to party on weekends with positive people",
"to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly",
"to surround yourself with supportive people"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In China, more and more middle school students are getting shorter sleeping time than before. Most students sleep less than nine hours every night, because they have much homework to do. Some homework is given by their teachers, and some by their parents. Also, some students don't know how to save time. They are not careful enough while they do their homework, so it takes them a lot of time. Some students spend too much time watching TV or playing computer games. They stay up very late. Some students have to get up early every morning on weekdays to go to school in time by bus or by bike. It may be a long way from home to school. Schools and parents should cut down some of the homework so that our children can enjoy more than nine hours of sleep every night for their health. For children, we should make best use of our time. When we have enough time for sleeping, we will find it much better for both our study and health. How many hours of sleep is good for students' health?
|
[
"Less than 9 hours.",
"Only 9 hours.",
"More than 9 hours.",
"8 hours."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Twenty-three-year old Rio Safiyanto sells face masks, or coverings, for about 30 cents each in central Jakarta, Indonesia. He makes enough money to buy a cell phone that permits him to visit websites. He says every average person has a cellphone. He likes having one because he can talk to his family when he is away from home. And, he is especially pleased that he can use it to listen to music. It is known as a feature phone . That is because it is cheaper and cannot perform as many actions as more advanced phones like the Apple iPhone. These devices make up the majority of cell phones sold around the world. They have proven more successful in places like Indonesia, where some smartphones cost 700 dollars or more. Although many lower-income users are new to smartphones, they are quickly learning to use the technology. Cell manufacturer Nokia offers a service called Life Tools. For a small monthly payment, the company sends text messages to farmers. The messages tell of weather conditions, crop prices, agricultural news and give other advice. Local businessman Aldi Haryopratomo has developed a way for small store owners to sell things like prepaid cellphone minutes and life insurance through text messages. Ruma is the company that developed the technology. The company is working on a system that will _ people about jobs in their area. At a recent digital technology show in Jakarta, banks offered no-interest financing for credit card purchases. Marina Luthfiani manages a mobile shop in the area. She said almost everyone can buy a smartphone because of competitive financing and credit choices. She says Indonesians like to buy the latest devices. A report last June by Semiocast, a French internet research company, said Jakarta was the world's top tweeting city, ahead of Tokyo and London. What is true of the service Life Tools?
|
[
"It can sell agricultural products",
"It provides useful information to farmers",
"It is free of charge mainly for farmers.",
"It helps farmers to make production plan."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many factors affect human health. Which term best describes diet and exercise for most adults?
|
[
"lifestyle choice",
"environmental factor",
"genetic predisposition",
"medically prescribed behavior"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Select the one true statement.
|
[
"The cell wall gives a plant cell its fixed shape.",
"The endoplasmic reticulum breaks down sugar to release energy that an animal cell can use.",
"Chloroplasts are inside the nucleus of a plant cell."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
"We don't have rush hours any more", said Mr. Charles Mac Lean, who runs the nation's busiest road. "We have rush periods, and they keep getting longer and longer." Mac Lean was describing prefix = st1 /Chicago's 235 miles of expressway. But the same might be said about almost any of the expressways that have become an important part of American city life--and about the heavy traffic that often blocks them. In Chicago, a computerized system has been developed that controls traffic on the city's seven expressways. Now one man--a controller--can follow the movement of Chicago's traffic by looking at a set of lights. The system uses electronic sensors that are built into each expressway, half a mile apart. Several times a second, the computer receives information from each sensor and translates it into green, yellow, or red lights on a map in the control room. A green light means the traffic is moving forty-five miles an hour, yellow means thirty to forty-five miles an hour and red means heavy traffic--cars standing still or moving less than thirty miles an hour. "See that red light near Austin Avenue?" the controller asked a visitor. "That's a repair truck fixing the road, and the traffic has to go around it". At the Roosevelt Roadentrance to the expressway, the light kept changing from green to red and back to green again. "A lot of trucks get on the expressway there," the controller explained. "They can't speed up as fast as cars." The sensors show immediately where an accident or a stopped car is blocking traffic, and a truck is sent by radio to clear the road. The system has lowered the number of accidents by 18 percent. There are now 1.4 deaths on Chicago's expressways for each one hundred million miles traveled, while in other parts of the country there are 2.6. Traffic experts say that the Chicagosystem is the "coming thing". Systems like Chicago's are already in use on some expressways in Los Angeles andHouston. "Chicago has taken the lead," saysNew York City's traffic director; and he adds, "We are far behind..." Which of the statements is true about the computerized system in Chicago?
|
[
"It changes rush hours into rush periods.",
"It saves a lot of labor and meanwhile prevents some deaths.",
"It is the first system of this kind in America.",
"It will soon be followed by New York City."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The cost of medical care in the United States is very high. The time and money that doctors spend on their medical education is probably one reason for this problem. A visit to a doctor's office costs from 15 to 50 dollars. It's so expensive. Many people in the United States think that doctors are overpaid. However, most doctors disagree. They say that they were asked to study medicine for a long time. Tuition for many years of medical education costs a lot of money. Doctors say that it is necessary for most medical students to borrow money from the bank to pay their tuition. Because their money must be repaid to the bank, young doctors need to receive a lot of money for their work. So they charge people high prices for medical care. Therefore the cost of medical care in America is high. Because high tuition is one cause of high costs, one way to lower costs would be to have medical school that are free or have low tuition. The main idea of the passage is that _ .
|
[
"a visit to a doctor's office may cost much in the USA",
"the cost of medical care is the only reason for the high costs in the USA",
"medical care in the USA costs a lot of money because doctors want to be rich",
"the high cost of tuition in medical schools is one reason for the high cost of medical care in the USA"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Allen Iverson, the 31-year-old man, has become the most exciting player in the NBA. At 1.83 meters tall, he is as fast as lightening and no one can stop him. However, Allen used to be the trouble maker that the NBA did not want. Born to a single mother, Allen had a very hard childhood. He grew up on dangerous blocks in the US. Sometimes his house had no electricity, hot water or lights. He sometimes stayed with his friends in his teenage life and a couple of times he even stayed in a shelter . Because of his terrible childhood, Iverson became as tough as his friends . Allen was always a trouble maker. When he was in high school, he was once put in jail for throwing a chair to a white girl. Later on, he was put in jail a second time because of fast driving. When he was on the school basketball team, he didn't like practicing and even laughed at his coach. Because of the troubles he had made, the NBA at first didn't want him. He was a talented basketball player but with bad behavior. Allen realized that he wouldn't win any championship or be the top if he didn't change himself. He looked at himself in the mirror and asked, "Who is Allen Iverson?" In this way he changed himself. Over the years, he has changed and become a leader. "If you're getting older and not getting smarter, something is wrong," said Iverson. On November 6, he was named the Eastern Conference Players of the Week . Now he has become many people's idol. "I've become matured ," he said. " _ " According to the passage, why did Allen become a tough boy?
|
[
"His mother taught him to be so.",
"He wanted to be really cool.",
"His friends told him to be so.",
"His early hard life made him so."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The largest organ of the human body is what?
|
[
"heart",
"brain",
"lungs",
"outer layer"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Italian island of Sardinia recently lost its oldest citizen. Family members say Antonio Todde died in his sleep early this month. Mr. Todde was 112 years old. It was less than three weeks away from his 113thbirthday. Record-keeping experts say he was the world's oldest man. His long life and that of other very old Sardinians are the subjects of a scientific project called Akea. Luca Deiana of Sassari University is directing the study. He says the name Akea comes from a traditional greeting on Sardinia. It means"health and life for 100 years". Professor Deiana and his team started to collect information for the study in 1997. They identified more than 220 Sardinians who were centenarians--100years old or older. His team required three documents to confirm a person's age. They were a government birth record, a church record and a statement by a close family member. The Akea study has produced two major findings. The first is Sardinia's extremely high number of centenarians. The island had about 135 centenarians for every one million people. In other Western countries, the average is about seventy five centenarians for every one million people. The second major finding is an unusual rate of female to male centenarians. Sardinia has two women centenarians for every male centenarian. In central Sardinia there are equal numbers of female and male centenarians. Studies in other parts of the world have shown a much higher percentage of female centenarians. The Akea study collected information about the health and diet of about 140 of the centenarians. About ninety percent of those in the study agreed to provide blood for scientific testing. The study team hope to identify genetic material in the blood that can be linked to successful aging. Study leaders say there is no single reason why people on Sardinia live so long. They believe the answer is a combination of genetic and environmental conditions. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
|
[
"Other parts of the world have a higher rate of female centenarians than Sardinia.",
"There are equal numbers of female and male centenarians on Sardinia.",
"Sardinia has an unusunl rate of male to female centenarians.",
"There are about seventy-five centenarians for every one million people on Sardinia."
] | 0A
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Joel inherited this trait?
|
[
"Joel wears glasses and so do his sisters.",
"Joel's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.",
"Joel's friend also has hazel eyes."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. Who decides what you buy in the supermarket? Do you decide? Does the supermarket decide? When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles between the shelves. You push a shopping cart and put your food in it. You probably hear soft, slow music as you walk along the aisles. This may be an attempt to please you, so you will enjoy shopping. Some supermarkets want to increase their profits by playing soft and slow music, because the slow music makes you walk slowly and you have more time to buy things. Fresh fruit and vegetables are usually put near the entrance. When you arrive at the supermarket, you think about the kinds of fruit and vegetables you need first. Once you've got that out of the way, you can relax and do the rest of the shopping without any hurry. Besides, if you see fresh goods first, it gives you a "feel good" impression of freshness, so you can not help spending your money. Maybe you go to the meat department then. There is some meat on sale, and you want to find it. The manager of the supermarket knows where customers enter the meat department. The cheaper meat is at the other end of the meat department, away from where the customers enter. You have to walk past all the expensive meat before you find the cheaper meat. Maybe you will buy some of the expensive meat instead of the meat on sale. Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive. It all says "Buy me quickly!" to the customers. The fresh fruit and vegetables say "Buy me quickly!" as you walk by. The expensive meat says "Buy me quickly!" The supermarket tells you what to buy. The manager knows _ .
|
[
"where customers come from",
"which customers like slow music",
"where fresh meat should be put",
"which customers like cheap meat"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you imagine that someone could cure all the diseases in the world? It seems like an impossible job, But Priscilla Chan wants to make it come true. Chan, 31, is from the United States. Many people may know her as a wife of Mark Zuckerberg , the founder of Facebook. But Chan herself has done a lot to help people. Chan and Zuckerberg said in September that they would give out $3 billion , that's about Y=20 billion in the next 10 years to help deal with all of the world's diseases. As a doctor for children, Chan was a big driver in this decision. "By investing in science today, we hope to build a future in which all of our children can live long and meaningful lives," she said. She cares about not only children's health but also their education. Before becoming a doctor, Chan taught science to the 4th and 5th graders at a school in California for a year. That year she started a project called The Primary School. It provides education for children from kindergarten to the 12th grade. Chan herself knows how important education is to a child. She has a Chinese father and a Vietnamese mother. Her parents didn't come to the US with much. But they worked hard to make sure Chan and their other two daughters had the best opportunities possible. Chan went to Harvard University in 2003 and now works as a doctor. "I realized that I was so lucky to be what I was," said Chan. "It drives me to make sure others, no matter what background they have, can have their opportunities, to reach their dreams and their full potential ." What does Chan really want to do to help others?
|
[
"Give money to poor children.",
"Cure some of the diseases in the world.",
"Invest in education to make more money.",
"Provide opportunities for others to reach their dreams."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You must have seen an oil lamp before. But do you know how it works? One end of the lamp wick is immersed(............) in oil and the other end is not immersed. When you light the end which is not immersed, it will burst into flame . This is because the oil is able to rise up the lamp wick thus helping it to burn. In the same way, if you immerse the end of a piece of chalk into a glass of water, the water will soon climb up the chalk making it wet. If a piece of ordinary glass tubing is heated in a gas flame until it becomes soft,it can be pull into a tube of a very small hole. Immerse the tube into water or any other liquid which wets glass, you will find that the liquid rises to a height of several centimeters. This is known as capillary action. The liquid rises because there is an attractive force between the liquid and the glass. The attractive force depends on the diameter of the tube and the type of liquid used. The liquid rises up a tube because _ .
|
[
"the tube is thin",
"the glass has an attractive force",
"the liquid tends to rise up",
"both glass and liquid act on each other"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Monday - 9:00 p.m. PT (11:00 p.m. CT) (Midnight ET) I love to answer questions about children's health. Some questions and their answers become articles, FAQ's, Updates, Fast Facts, Top Tips, or Guidelines here on the site. I answer others in real time during chat. Either way, here is how to submit a question - I am available live, for one hour, every weekday. No appointments are necessary! All you have to do is log on to Chat and ask your question. In most cases, you'll get your answer right there! Some of the questions from chat are selected for me to write about in greater depth. Even if you don't have time to stay at chat, come for a moment, and send your question to the chat host to be considered for a future article. Please join me in chat, Monday - November 22, 2004 at 9:00 p.m. PT(11:00 p.m. CT) (Midnight ET) I will be in the chat room for one hour to answer your children's health questions. To ask your question please type a " ?" mark on the screen A host will call upon you when it is your turn to ask a question. Click here to chat Click here to learn more about chat Click here for a complete chat schedule The chat with the writer on the screen _ .
|
[
"lasts one hour",
"must be about children's health questions",
"has to be called on Monday",
"must go on in a room"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
ScienceDaily (July 5, 2009) -- Researchers from the University of Haifa-Oranim have managed to make out the "self-irrigating" mechanism of the desert rhubarb , which enables it to harvest 16 times the amount of water collected by other plants in the Negev Desert. This is the first example of a self-irrigating plant worldwide. The desert rhubarb grows in the mountains of Israel's Negev desert, where average rainfall is particularly low (75 mm per year). Unlike most of the other desert plant species, which have small leaves so as to reduce water loss, this plant is unique in that its leaves are particularly large; each plant's rosette of one to four leaves reaches a total diameter of up to one meter. Prof. Simcha Lev-Yadun, Prof. Gidi Ne'eman and Prof. Gadi Katzir came across this unique plant while studying the field area with students of the Department of Science Education-Biology of the University of Haifa-Oranim, and noticed that its waxy leaves are unusually large. They observed an exceptionally ridged structure on each leaf. The scientists explained that these deep and wide depressions in the leaves create a "channeling" mountain-like system by which the rain water is channeled toward the ground surrounding the plant's deep root. Other desert plants simply absorb the rain water that goes through the ground in its immediate surroundings. The desert rhubarb is able to harvest quantities of water that are 16 times the amount of water harvested by the small-leafed plants of the Negev desert region. When the research team watered the plant artificially, they observed how the water flows along the course of the leave's depressions to the ground surrounding the plant's single root and then goes through the ground to a depth of 10 cm or more. Under the experimental conditions, water goes through the ground only as deep as 1 cm. "We know of no other plant in the deserts of the world that functions in this manner," the researchers concluded. Which of the following helps other desert plants adapt to the dry climate?
|
[
"Thin roots.",
"Small leaves.",
"Deep depressions.",
"The ridged structure."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A road cut shows a layer of shale on top of a layer of limestone. This indicates
|
[
"the shale layer is older than the limestone layer.",
"a fault occurred during the deposition of the layers.",
"the environment changed between the times of deposition.",
"volcanic activity occurred when these layers were deposited."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In which two parts of the water cycle does water absorb energy?
|
[
"condensation and evaporation",
"precipitation and condensation",
"melting and evaporation",
"evaporation and precipitation"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cake tastes sweet because of
|
[
"sweet and low",
"sucrose",
"flour",
"honey"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Howard Dill is a giant among giant pumpkin growers. He grew world champion pumpkins for four years running,from 1979 to 1982, and missed winning the fifth year by only 5 pounds. Today, his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds are sold worldwide to more than 50 seed companies. The pumpkins grown from his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds commonly weigh in at over 1,000 pounds. "I don't have any training in genetics ; it was all trial and error," Dill says. He got his love of pumpkins from his father and has enjoyed growing them for years. Dill still grows giant pumpkins, but not for competition. In the fall, visitors come to enjoy the pumpkins on his 90-acre farm in Nova Scotia, Canada. He plants ten acres of pumpkins for Halloween and two acres of giant pumpkins. One of giant pumpkins was recently baked into 442 pumpkin pies and sold at $5 each for charity. It you want to try growing a giant pumpkin, Dill recommends starting with a soil test and then adding fertilizer as needed. Plant the giant pumpkin seed. A giant pumpkin can gain 15 to 20 pounds a day, so careful watering--every day or two--is necessary. You should wait about 130 days until the pumpkin matures and then you can harvest it. Dill's favorite pumpkin set the Guinness Book record in 1981. It weighted 493.5 pounds. "I've grown them larger since, but that one meant a lot," he remembers. "I never would have imagined ten years ago that there would be a 1,000-pounder, but there are many of them now," says Dill. The 2006 world record holder is Larry Checkon of Pennsylvania. He grew a 1,469 pounder. Dill says, "These world champions are grown from my seeds, so I feel like a winner right along with them." One of Dill's giant pumpkins earned _ .
|
[
"$2210",
"$442",
"$1000",
"$1469"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Good posture certainly shows good health. It also adds to a body's energy and beauty. The body is not handsome when the back is bent and neck thrusts forward. Bad posture suggests the impression that a person is tired,lacking in energy,bored,or weak. Tiredness may sometimes be the cause of bad posture. Most often,however,it is due to careless and poor health habits. Whatever it causes,bad posture affects one physically. The muscles are stretched and pulled into unnatural positions,which can lead to poor base of the body's various systems. Nutrition is the study of how the body takes food and uses it. This science provides information about the kinds of food a person must eat to improve and maintain good health. Such knowledge helps him develop and form people habits to his problems of healthful living. People habits of nutrition can be developed by paying attention to:(1) the variety of food included in the diet;(2) the quality of each kind of food eaten. A diet,or the food regularly eaten,must contain all the necessary factors. Many physicians believe that overweight is one of the greatest dangers to good health. This condition often leads to a shorter life. An overweight person is also easier to suffer disease, and various disorders of the digestive system. A person's weight directly has something to do with the amounts of food he eats. All foods can make a person fat if too much is eaten. In reducing,the safe weight loss is about two pounds a week. The sensible way to lose weight is to decrease the gaining starchy foods,fats and sweets in the diet. According to this passage,bad posture is most probably caused by _ .
|
[
"tiredness,boredom and weakness",
"lack of energy",
"careless and poor health habits",
"overworking and illness"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It seems that many parents have a lot to learn about what their children are doing online. According to a recent survey by the Symantec Corporation, which makes many kinds of security software for home and business computers, there's a "significant digital divide between parents and their kids." Parents of children under the age of 18 were asked to estimate how much time their kids spent online each week. The parents said about three hours a week on average. The kids - ages 8 to 17 - who took the survey said they're spending an average of seven hours online each week. "I really think that's due to the time they spend on their mobile phones and computers, when their parents don't even know they're online," says Symantec's Bill Rosenkrantz. "Remember, cell phones, PDAs and video game machines all make it possible to access the Internet. You don't have to sit in front of a computer screen." And what are the kids doing on the Web? "They're doing things like downloading music, they're going to social networking sites, they're actually shopping online when parents don't think they're doing those kinds of activities," says Rosenkrantz. "They're also, we think, doing some things with research papers and other kinds of activities with homework maybe where they're getting content online and they really shouldn't be." Nearly a quarter of the kids (23 percent) admit to doing things their parents would not approve. So how does a modern parent deal with this type of situation? "The first thing we strongly recommend is that parents spend time with their children online," Rosenkrantz says. "Sit down with them and understand what they're doing. Secondly, have a dialog about it. Have a dialog about what's an acceptable activity, what's an unacceptable activity, and set some ground rules -- time online, things you can and can't do. Really have those conversations. That's the most important." There are a lot of bad people on the Internet. That's why it's so important for parents to know what their kids are doing online. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"some kids surveyed may go against their parents' rules",
"kids talk less with their parents due to computers",
"special home computers are being made by Symantec",
"parents are too busy to pay attention to their kids"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ptolemy was an ancient astronomer who thought Earth was the center of the universe. When he made observations that were inconsistent with this, he proposed a phenomenon called "epicycles" to explain the observations. How was Ptolemy's process similar to the modern scientific process?
|
[
"Ptolemy based his model partly on a belief system.",
"Observations inspired Ptolemy to modify his explanations.",
"Ptolemy tried to describe the universe instead of explaining it.",
"Experiments were the basis of Ptolemy's model of the universe."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many years ago, when I was working as a volunteer at a hospital, I got to know a little girl named Lisa. The poor little girl had a very serious disease and was dying. The doctor had done his best but no medicine really worked. The only chance to save her seemed to be a blood transfusion from her five-year-old brother. The little boy had the same disease before and had developed the antibodies to fight the illness. The doctor talked to the little boy about what they planned to do, and asked him if he would be willing to give his blood to his sister. I saw him hesitate for a moment. He took a deep breath and said, "Yes, I'll do it if it can save Lisa." As the transfusion was going on, the little boy lay quietly in bed next to his sister. He looked at her and smiled all the time. When everything was done and the colour returned to his sister's face, his smile disappeared and he looked a little afraid. He looked up at the doctor and asked, " Will I start to die now?" He was too young to understand the doctor. He thought he would have to give all his blood to his sister, but he agreed. How did the five-year-o1d boy understand the doctor's plan?
|
[
"He thought he was going to lose all his blood.",
"He thought he was going to be killed.",
"He thought he was going to die together with his sister.",
"He thought he was going to die when he grew up."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which resource is most likely found in large amounts in forest ecosystems?
|
[
"iron",
"wood",
"plastic",
"petroleum"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
According to a recent survey, Canadian parents realize their role as protectors and providers to raise their children both emotionally and physically. That's not very different from the way our parents saw themselves. But with more two-career families and busy schedules, one thing parents today recognize more than ever is the need to set aside special time for their children. These 'nurturing moments' are changed into memories that they will treasure all their lives. Nurturing moments might be the time between our work and life,bringing your child to work with you to see what you do during the day,visiting your child's make-believe world,discussing his other school day and exploring the natural world outside your door. These times are not merely a luxury , they're a necessity. It's during these moments that parents pass values and attitudes to their children. Over time, children pick up good habits and positive self-image. Here are a few tips for making the most of your family time together: Regularly sit down as a family to share a meal. Allow each person to describe something interesting about his or her day. Make one night a week family night. Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening everyone partakes in the fun. Show your children you care about their interests by having them teach you about their activity or hobby. Nurturing healthy children involves body, mind and spirit. The little things you do to your care are the building blocks for confidence, self-esteem and a healthy outlook. By giving your children these tools, you prepare them for life. Which of the following is closest in meaning to 'nurturing moment'?
|
[
"The time between work and everyday activities.",
"The time when you are busy with your work.",
"The time when you play with children.",
"The time when you show your care for your child."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You may not be aware, but digital currency is a big part of the Internet world. QQ Coins can buy you accessories for your QQ images. More importantly, a new digital currency, Bitcoin, is bringing the world's commerce online. If you're traveling, you can spend Bitcoins at restaurants and hotels listed at BitcoinTravel.com. In China, Bitcoins can be used to buy goods at about 134 online shops on Taobao. And at a cafe named 2nd Place in Beijing, you can even buy fresh coffee with Bitcoins. So what makes Bitcoin so attractive to investors? First of all, the Bitcoin system is not controlled by anyone. One central authority cannot make policies to change the value of Bitcoins. The fixed amount of Bitcoins also means they cannot lose value through inflation , as all forms of paper money have done over time. In addition, accounts in the Bitcoin system are anonymous and transparent. Users can set up an account easily and track every Bitcoin. All of these features seem to make Bitcoins immune from loss, but that is not entirely true. "The value of Bitcoins can vary wildly as no central government makes the price of them steady. If the value drops suddenly, investors cannot get any compensation ," Zhao Qingming, a senior researcher at China Construction Bank, told China Economic Weekly. And Bitcoins, unlike company shares, are not backed by any tangible funds, which also adds to their risk. While China will not recognize the digital currency anytime soon, Xinhua said, lawmakers and officials at a hearing on Nov. 18 in the US made positive comments about Bitcoin. Ben Bernanke, outgoing chairman of the Federal Reserve, told the Washington Post that "these types of creations, such as Bitcoin... may hold long-term promise, particularly if its system promotes a faster, more secure and more efficient payment system." Bitcoin is _ .
|
[
"actually exactly like QQ Coins",
"only used online",
"a new currency used both online and in real life",
"a country's new digital currency."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If an electric circuit has six paths and another electric circuit has one path, the six path circuit is
|
[
"really broken",
"singular",
"equidistant",
"slowly burning"
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal that has a backbone.
|
[
"California newt",
"monarch butterfly"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
We always celebrated Dad's birthday on Thanksgiving Day, even after he entered a nursing home. When we knew it might be his last birthday, the whole family decided to get together for a huge birthday celebration at the nursing home. Dad was a good storyteller and we were always his listeners. During a quiet moment, I announced it was now Dad's turn to listen to stories for a change. I wanted everyone to tell Dad what we loved about him. The room became quiet. Then one after another, people told stories from their hearts, while Dad listened with tears in eyes. Everyone seemed to have more than one story. Even the little grandchildren couldn't wait to tell Dad why they loved him. For a man who had been kind to so many hundreds of people in his life, here was our chance to tell him how much we love him. A few months later, at Dad's memorial service, we more fully realized what we had given to Dad that night. Those are the stories people normally tell at a funeral after a loved one is no longer alive to hear the words. They tell stories, full of tears. But we had given those memories to Dad in his life, and we had told them through laughter, together with hugs and joy. He had them to hold and enjoyed them from time to time in his mind during his last days and months. Words do matter, and they are enough. We just need to say them or to speak them publicly the ones we love. That's the ways to give back love and that's our chance to celebrate a person in his or her life. According to the passage, we know _ .
|
[
"all the family loved the father, including the little grandchildren",
"the writer's father was still enjoying good health",
"the party was held at the writer's home",
"the doctor told the writer his father was going to die at once"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The advantages of Eating Fruits & Vegetables Vegetables and fruit are good for your health because of a lot of vitamins, nutrients and fiber in them. Fruits and vegetables are regarded as a healthy diet without adding chemicals or additives for carrying or storing foods. The United States Department of Agriculture suggests eating plenty of fruits and vegetables every day to get the advantages of eating a healthy diet. Disease Prevention The United States Department of Agriculture tells that eating fruits and vegetables helps fight strokes, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Because of the potassium in fruits and vegetables, they can prevent the risk of developing kidney stones. The fiber in fruits and vegetables helps the body fight against coronary heart disease. Idea Health Since fruits and vegetables add to a balanced and healthy diet, eating these will help you with your idea. The vitamins in fruits and vegetables helps fight depress , according to the Mental Health Foundation. Vitamin B and folic acid found in some vegetables and bananas help you to relax. Eating fruits and vegetables can also help improve memory. Healthy Weight Eating fruits and vegetables helps you have a healthy weight. Fruits and vegetables naturally include less energy than other foods, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The fiber and water in the fruits and vegetables make you feel that you are full, so you will not feel that you have to eat more food. The United States Department of Agriculture suggests that _ .
|
[
"eating plenty of fruits and vegetables every day instead of having food.",
"eating plenty of fruits and vegetables is good for helping fight disease.",
"eating some vegetables and bananas help you to relax.",
"eating fruits and vegetables helps you have a healthy weight."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
British paychologists have found evidence of a link between excessive Internet use and depression, a research has shown. Leeds University researchers, writing in the Psychopathology journal, said a small part of Internet users were classed as Internet addicts and that people in this group were more likely to be depressed than non-addicted users. The article on the relationship between excessive Internet use and depression is from a questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults. The respondents answered questions about how much time they spent on the Internet and what they used it for; they also complete the Beck Depression Inventory---a series of questions designed to measure the seriousness of depression. The six--page report, by the university's Institute of Psychological Science, said 18 of the people who complete the questionnaire were Internet addict."Our research indicates that excessive Internet use is associated with depression, but what we don't know is which comes first--are depressed people drawn to the Internet or does the Internet cause depression?" the article's lead author Dr Catriona Morrison said."What is clear is that, for a small part of people, excessive use of the Internet could be warning signal for depressive tendencies." The age range of all respondents was between 16 and 51 years, with an average age of 21.24. The average age of the 18 Internet addicts was 18.3 years. By comparing the levels of depression within this group to that within a group of 18 non--addicted Internet users, researchers found the Internet addicts had a higher chance of developing depression than non-addicts. They also discovered that addicts spent more time visiting sexually pleasing website, online gaming sites and online communities. "The public speculation was further proved by this study. That's to say, over-engaging in websites which serve to replace normal social function might be linked to psychological disorders like depression and addiction," Morrison said."We now need to consider the wider social influence of this relationship and clearly prove the effects of excessive Internet use on mental health." According to Dr Catriona Morrison, the public speculation _ .
|
[
"lacks scientific evidence",
"helps clarify their study",
"finds a theoretical basis",
"has little scientific value"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one substance that is not a rock.
|
[
"Gneiss is formed in nature. It is a solid.",
"A turtle shell is made by a living thing. It is formed in nature.",
"Trachyte is formed in nature. It is not made by living things."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If someone asks you, "What do you usually do with your QQ?'' You may say, "I just chat ." Niu Lianzhong teaches PE in a middle school and he sets up a QQ group. However, his purpose is not to chat or show himself. He doesn't want to do anything for fun, either. He just wants more people to know the QQ group. He hopes to help others and now he saves more than 400 people's lives. We all know there are four blood types-A, B, AB, and O. But in fact, a few people's blood types are very special . Niu is just one of them. Since he sets up his QQ group, more than 100 special-blooded people in China join in it. Now, when a patient or a hospital needs some special blood, they just call Niu for help. And Niu contacts his members of the QQ group quickly. Till now, he has donated his blood for about 20 times. Niu hopes that more people will join his group to help others. Why does he set up the QQ group?
|
[
"To chat.",
"To make friends.",
"To help others.",
"To show himself."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We know that many animals do not stay ill one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowed. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of the fish, which is called "salmon" . This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is cold, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea. Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind lobster . Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobster get into a long time and start to walk across tile floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel. ,. The mice in northern Europe leave their mountain when _ .
|
[
"they give birth",
"the weather is bad",
"the place get too crowded",
"they haven't enough food"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy . There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container. Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money. When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year's Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put _ in it. Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay called "pygg," and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was "pigge". While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as "pug", eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the "i" as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born. Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely. What is the piggy bank strategy?
|
[
"Paying 1% income tax at a time.",
"Setting a goal before making a travel plan.",
"Aiming high even when doing small things.",
"Putting aside a little money regularly for future use."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It seems that all your friends' names on MSN have added a little green "I'm" symbol overnight. If you ask what is going on, someone will tell you it's a charity activity. Though this charity program has not yet officially begun for Chinese users, this little green symbol has proven popular among Chinese Windows Live Messenger users. Windows Live Messenger's official blog announced on March 1 that Microsoft was beginning an "I'm" program in the United States. Every time someone starts a conversation using "I'm", Microsoft shares a part of the program's advertising income with nine organizations devoted to social causes. With every instant message a user sends, it helps deal with things one feels most interested in, including poverty, child protection, disease and worsening environment. One only has to add a certain code next to one's name for the organization one would like to support. "*red'u" is for the American Red Cross, "*bgca" is for Boys & Girls Clubs of America and "*unicef" stands for the American branch of UNICEF. After a Chinese blogger named "hung" introduced this program on his blog on March 2, "I'm" entered the Internet in China with no actual support from Microsoft. Beijing-based Youth Weekend reported that famous IT blogger Keso regarded this program's rapid spread as a successful virus marketing case. He thinks that the success of the "I'm" program is because it's spread by users without being a bother to others. This answers why "I'm" has spread so rapidly across the Internet like a virus with almost no advertisement. However, Feng Jinhu from the press center for Microsoft China toldYouth Weekendthat the "I'm" project is only for Messenger users in the United States. Instant messages sent by Chinese users would not count. This has not affected Chinese Messenger users' interest in the little green symbol. These users hope their instant messages will actually contribute to charitable organizations someday. What should you do to take part in the "I'm" program?
|
[
"Send an email to Microsoft.",
"Add a little green \"I'm\" symbol before your MSN name.",
"Add the code of the organization you support next to your MSN name.",
"Fill in an application form in advance."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why might you choose to use a silicone catheter (as of 2020 medical knowledge)?
|
[
"Because the patient does not like the others.",
"Because the patient is allergic to latex.",
"Because there are no other kinds of catheter at your disposal.",
"Because it is cheaper."
] | 1B
|
clinical_knowledge
|
mmlu
|
It was hard being the younger of two sisters. I got all the hand-me-downs . I never got to do anything first and my teachers always said, "Oh, you're Jenny's little sister." "No, I am Lauren!" I never liked being the younger. Jenny and I got along with a few fights here and there. Then a few years ago, Jenny and I were in a car accident. She was okay, but I had a large scar on my face. I was very sad. Jenny told me I shouldn't worry about the scar. One day we were riding home from school on the bus. A boy named Jordan made fun of me about my scar. This went on for about a month. Finally I broke down and told Jenny about him. She was angry. When Jordan made fun of me the next time, Jenny stood up, walked to where he was sitting and said something into his ear. I didn't know exactly what she said, but Jordan never said a single word to me again. So, even though getting all of the hand-me-downs might not be the best, I was very happy to have a big sister like Jenny. When anyone asks now, I will tell them, "Yes, I'm Jenny's little sister." ,. Why did Lauren hate being the younger of the two sisters?
|
[
"Because she could do nothing first.",
"Because Jenny often beat her.",
"Because Jenny always made fun of her.",
"Because Jenny always made her busy."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Read the following interview with Dr John Bass, an international shark specialist who has spent many years studying sharks: First of all, doctor, are all sharks dangerous? No, they aren't. There are about 250 different kinds of sharks, but fewer than 30 of them are dangerous to humans. Certain sharks are very aggressive and we should fear them, but the danger of shark attacks is much lower than most people think. So which sharks are dangerous? The Great White shark is the most dangerous. Then there is the Tiger shark, which other sharks are afraid of, and the Blue shark. Both of them are very fast and dangerous. Which are the biggest and smallest sharks? The Whale shark is the biggest shark in the world. It grows up to 15 m in length and weighs as much as six large cars. The smallest shark, which is found near prefix = st1 /Japan, could fit into the palm of your hand because it is only 15-20 cm long. Do all sharks have teeth ? Yes, they do. Most sharks have hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of sharp teeth. These are arranged in rows of four or more. They fit quite loosely in the jaw. When the front ones break off or fall out, spare teeth move forwards from the rows behind: Sharks get a new set of teeth every two weeks. In 10 years, a Tiger may lose as many as 24,000 teeth! That's lots of teeth! What kind of food do sharks eat? Most sharks feed on small fish, and they keep the oceans healthy by eating sick and injured fish. However, hungry sharks will eat almost anything, including smaller sharks and even rubbish. Inside one Tiger shark which was found, there was a tin can, a bicycle tyre , a leather wallet and an alarm clock! And how do sharks find their food, doctor? A shark's sense of smell is excellent. It will follow the smell of blood across thousands of metres of ocean. They also see well, and they have good hearing. Sharks can feel movement in water very easily too, and it is possible for them to feel a fish moving as far as 30 m away. A shark's best sense which helps it most in finding food is its sense of _ .
|
[
"taste",
"sight",
"smell",
"hearing"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During science class, students combined 1 kg of iron filings with 1 kg of sand to create a mixture. Which of the following methods would be best for separating the iron filings from the sand?
|
[
"Stir the mixture into hot water to dissolve the sand.",
"Strain the mixture through a paper filter to collect the sand.",
"Drag a magnet through the mixture to attract the iron filings.",
"Shake the mixture to cause the iron filings to settle to the bottom."
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People all over the world like eating delicious food. If there is no salt in the food, it may not be very tasty. So there is often a lot of salt in food because people like the taste of salty food. However, too much salt is not food for you. If you cook food by yourself, you can control the amount of salt to keep your family healthy. However, many processed foods already have salt in them Fast foods often have a lot of salt in them. Canned foods often have salt. Packed foods such as biscuits have salt. Packed foods like potato chips have a lot of salt in them. It is reported that the income of too much salt can lead to high blood pressure and other kinds of diseases. So don't put too much salt into your dishes. How much salt should a person eat a day? Look at the following: 1--3 years 2g 4--6 years 3g 7--10 years 4g 11 and over 5g You don't need any more salt than this. If your mom or dad is cooking, you had better ask them not to add too much salt. You will find that the food still tastes really good. It can also help your mom or dad to cut down to a healthier level of salt. Tony is 5 years old. He should eat _ salt a day.
|
[
"4g",
"2g",
"3g",
"5g"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What could be used to examine the legs of a lady bug?
|
[
"a pedometer",
"a stethoscope",
"a loupe",
"a telescope"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cooking food requires
|
[
"higher temps to be applied",
"a stove to be used",
"an oven to be used",
"a fire to be built"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following parts does an animal cell have?
|
[
"cytoplasm",
"cell wall"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Bison eat mostly grass.",
"Pear trees have green leaves."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
On a warm sunny afternoon, ocean water splashed onto a rock. A short time later, the rock was dry. Which statement best explains what happened to the water on the rock?
|
[
"Heat caused the water to become a gas.",
"Heat melted the water and it disappeared.",
"Salt caused the water to become a gas.",
"Salt melted the water and it disappeared."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The snow has paralysed transport in China during the country's most important vacation period, the celebration of the Chinese New Year. Not only have transport delays hindered personal trips, but they have also slowed the delivery of fresh produce to markets. Consequently, in Zhengzhou, the capital city of the Henan province, tomato prices have doubled, and the cost of 47 other vegetables has increased by 36%, as reported by local media at the end of January. According to an inside PR source, "wholesalers in Beijing were quoted as saying that only about 20% of the usual fresh vegetable supplies were reaching the city." As an Asian country with a diet based on fresh produce, the shortage of vegetables and the rise in prices is not only affecting fresh food producers, but also the final consumers. In terms of production, this is the worst snow disaster to hit China in the last 50 years, affecting a total of 9.4 million hectares of farmland in the country, according to a report published on 4 February 2008 by Feng Tao of Xinhua News, at the Chinese government website. Most of the crops devastated by the frost are located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the traditional natural border between North and South China. Chen Xiwen, Director of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Rural Work, pointed out at the end of last week that "the blizzard disaster in the south has had a severe impact on winter crops, and the impact on fresh vegetables could be catastrophic in certain areas", as stated in the Xinhua News report. The Chinese government has been quick to take extreme measures. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) has sent 13 teams of experts to 8 of the areas most seriously affected by the harsh weather. The aim of this initiative is to provide farmers with technical assistance to minimize their losses. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) has sent 13 teams of experts to 8 of the areas to _ .
|
[
"help the farmers plant crops",
"give money to the farmers",
"give directions to the farmers with their technic(;).",
"deliver crops for the farmers."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The rapid growth of Smartphones and electronic tablets is making the Internet favourite for Americans reading news, a report said. News consumption online increased 17% last year from the year before. Television news, newspapers, radio and magazines all lost audience last year. For the first time, the number of people who get news online at least three times a week is larger than the number of people who get news from the newspapers. TV news has been the most popular since the 1960s. It has replaced the afternoon newspapers. But now the online news seems to be more popular than the TV news. People are used to having the Internet available on phones or small tablets. In December, 2010, 41% of Americans said they got most of their news on the Internet, more than double the 17% who said that a year earlier, the report said. In January, 2011, 7% of Americans owned electronic tablets, nearly double what it was three months earlier. It was the fastest-growing new digital technology, ahead of mobile phones when they were introduced. The online ad income was expected to surpass print newspaper ad income for the first time in 2010. The news business used to be the intermediary . You needed newspapers and TV stations to reach your customers. In this age of the computer, it's the software developers that you need. The news business depends on _ today.
|
[
"the reporters",
"the readers",
"the newspaper sellers",
"the software developers"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A patient is most likely to experience pain due to infection of the ethmoidal air cells sinus
|
[
"at the base of the skull.",
"on the forehead.",
"in the cheeks.",
"between the eyes."
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Julie noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Tobias rode his bike on a road for a 2 hr period. On average, he passed a 1 km marker every 3 min during this period. Which of the following was his average speed for this 2 hr period?
|
[
"10 km/hr",
"15 km/hr",
"20 km/hr",
"25 km/hr"
] | 2C
|
college_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How do the sprouts of seeds buried in complete dark in the soil find their way to the surface of the soil?
|
[
"They grow toward light.",
"They grow toward surface warmth.",
"They grow opposite the direction of the bedrock.",
"They grow opposite the direction of the pull of gravity."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Computer games have been criticised for quite some time over a whole range of issues. Some people say they are overly violent and encourage violent behaviour particularly in children. Others say that they make children unsociable and are bad for their eyes. Some have even attributed falling standards of literacy and a lack of interest in reading on them. Now, however, it seems that computer games have also become a feminist issue. Game manufacturers have, for some time, been looking to increase the number of female game players. The vast majority of computer games still sell to a mainly male market. Perhaps this is because the violent nature of many of the games appeals more to males or perhaps because many of the main characters in the games are male. Manufacturers' attempts to produce more female characters increase their share of the female gaming market which has met with serious criticism from many women's groups. While heroines such as Lara Croft of the Tomb Raider game are seen as providing positive role models of strong women, many believe that the character's unrealistic Barbies are subconsciously setting unattainable standards in the minds of young women. Perhaps a stronger criticism is that although many games now include female characters, their role is often secondary and they support the main, male, action characters within the games. Of course the nature of many of the games remains violent and destructive and this in itself could well continue to put off female gamers. There are now, however, a number of web sites springing up on the World Wide Web to help women deal with this issue. Sites such as Game Girlz, Women Gamers and Game Gal offer game reviews, articles, discussion forums and even employment opportunities for women interested in becoming part of the rapidly expanding games industry. The games are reviewed by women from a very female perspective. Some rate the games from one to ten across a range of criteria which include the appearance of the female characters, the degree of intelligence attributed to them in the game and even the marketing attitude adopted by the company. The sites are obviously looking for games that move away from the very male dominated and violent nature of the majority of computer games. Many of them review games that are more constructive and developmental. Although the common fantasy themes of knights, witches and goblins still exist within these games, the aims are often very different. Instead of destroying opposing armies,the aim of the game can be to make peace with them. With this increased degree of awareness and involvement from women in the games industry many positive changes could be made that could encourage more women and young girls to become enthusiastic about technology. Perhaps we may even find more male gamers moving away from the traditional violent and destructive games towards the more positive values promoted by these more feminine role models, after all Tomb Raider is still one of the most popular computer games on the market, but perhaps that's too much to ask. From the passage we know that Tomb Raider is _ .
|
[
"a film which provides positive role models of strong women",
"a site which helps women to deal with many issues",
"a female role which is secondary in many games",
"a computer game which is very popular on the market"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mara planted six pots of lettuce seeds. She placed three pots in a sunny area and three pots in a shaded area. She watered each pot the same and measured the growth of the lettuce. After Mara analyzes her data, what conclusion will it help her to make?
|
[
"When to plant her lettuce",
"Where to plant her lettuce",
"How much water to give lettuce",
"How many lettuce plants to grow"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Taking care of small children is one of the ways to make money.It is also called babysitting.Most parents do not have relatives living with them.They need someone to watch the children if they want to go out.A babysitter may play games, draw pictures, or read stories to the children, and then put them to bed at the proper time. Mowing lawns for the neighbors is another common job.When people do not have time to mow their lawns in the garden, they are glad to pay somebody to do this. Boys and girls can also help deliver newspapers in the neighborhood.They can walk or ride bicycles to deliver newspapers from house to house.They must do this every day if they want to make money in this way. Some old people who live by themselves need help.Let them know if you like to help with the clean-up work, or go out to mail letters or buy things for them.They will perhaps pay you something each time or every week. There are many ways to make money.American children often look around to see what work they can do to earn their pocket money. A young American is more likely to find a job if _ .
|
[
"he has no pocket money.",
"he likes studying .",
"his neighbor is a doctor.",
"his neighbor is old and lives alone ."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following statement true or false?
Animal cells have chloroplasts.
|
[
"true",
"false"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It's 10:30 p.m., and 11-year-old Brandon Blanco is sound asleep at home. Suddenly, a loud noise wakes him up. Naturally, Brandon reaches for his cell phone. He blinks twice, and the message on the screen becomes clear: "R U awake?" But the late-night text does not annoy Brandon. He gets frequent messages and calls, even after bedtime. And he can't imagine life without them. "If I didn't have a cell phone, I wouldn't be able to talk to my friends or family as often," he told the Kaiser Family Foundation. Brandon's use of technology doesn't stop there. He also has a computer, a TV and three video-game consoles in his room. With so many devices, it is no surprise that when he is not at school, he spends nearly every waking minute using one or more of these devices. Brandon is hardly alone. According to a recent study by TFK, kids aged 8 to 18 are spending more time than ever before using electronic devices. How much time? More than seven and a half hours a day on average, the study found. That's about an hour more than just five years ago. The jump is the result of a huge explosion in mobile devices, says Victoria Rideout, the lead author of the study. "These devices have opened up many more opportunities for young people to use media, whether it's on the bus, on the way to school or waiting in line at the pizza parlor," says Rideout. Often, kids multitask, or use more than one device at a time. "If you've got a chance to do something on your computer and take a phone call and have the TV on in the background, why not?" Media expert Cheryl Olson says. Most experts agree technology has much to offer kids. But some worry the kids could be missing out on other activities like playing outside or hanging out with friends. "It's a matter of balance," says Olson. Multitasking while doing homework is another concern. Some kids listen to music, watch TV or use the phone while doing their homework. "It's important to make sure that you can stop and concentrate on one thing deeply," says Rideout. With new and exciting devices hitting stores every year, keeping technology use _ is more important than ever. "Kids should try," adds Rideout. "But parents might have to step in sometimes." It can be learned from the text that _ .
|
[
"many teenagers lack friends in their middle school",
"kids have too many electronic devices to choose from",
"Brandon feels annoyed about his late-night message",
"Olson is against teenagers' using mobile phones"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We've organized the following information to help you prepare for your arrival at Boston College.Please feel free to contact our Admissions Office at any time over the coming months with any questions. Your First Steps... Please return the Acknowledgment Form sent with your acceptance letter to Dean Robert Howe, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, McGuinn Hall 221,140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. #For Ph.D.Acceptances and Master's Acceptances with funding, we ask you to reply by April 25, 2008. #For Master's Acceptances without funding and Non-degree Acceptances, we ask you to reply by May 31, 2008. #You should also contact your department to receive any department information. Over the Coming Months... Get informed about services around campus.We have provided links for you to the following offices. #Student Services After you return your Acknowledgment Form, you should receive a letter containing your BC Username and Eagle ID number.With this information you can reach email and Agora.In Agora, BC's online community, you can update your student information, check your student account, and register for classes. The Office of Student Services issues your BC Eagle One Card.This ID card acts as your campus library card and meal card. Student Services' website offers a complete listing of courses for the school year, as well as student forms and other important student information.The Office of Student Services also handles billing. #Housing ... CLICK HERE for more information. If we can be of any more help to you, just contact us.Congratulations again! We look forward to you joining our University! The information above is particularly useful for those _ .
|
[
"who want to apply for Boston College",
"who want to know about Boston College",
"who've been admitted to Boston College",
"who've decided to pay a visit to Boston College"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet. Basically, Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first. The first thing to do if you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile , which includes your hobbies, hopes for the future, and so on. A photograph is optional , but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile. Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-time registration fee to use their services. Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world. You can even narrow the search down to your area by zip code . Another advantage is that you can communicate by email before you meet in person. Thousands of people have met, fallen in love, and married through Internet dating. It is an excellent way for shy people to meet. It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others, and an easy way to meet people who share your interests. Just as conventional dating and love, there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating. The person you have been talking to on the net may not be who they say they are. Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details, such as marital status , income, and so on, for their own reasons. It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in, and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time. Nevertheless, taking a few simple precautions should help ensure that your Internet dating is safe. Before making an Internet dating possible, you should _ .
|
[
"take a photo",
"meet people from all over the world",
"build a profile",
"have a talk with other people."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bea, a five-year-old girl, was born with a severe illness which means she has to be kept away from other children of her age, because her body is so weak that she would be unable to fight off a common cold. Bea was diagnosed with this disease when she was five months old. Since then, the hospital has become her second home, medicines for food, and all kinds of treatments her friends. Bea received a very special treatment when she was four years old, which would allow her to be like a normal child if successful. After that, she spent two weeks in ICU before living for four months on a separate ward . Bea was allowed home in February but still needed a special tube in her nose to send in medicines every two days. Her parents clean the house from top to bottom every two days and hoover each morning to make sure Bea is free from any possible bacteria. Anna, Bea's mother, said, "she is weak but so strong. We've never seen any child stronger than her. It seems as if nothing in the world could beat her. We really hope to send her to school next year." She used to drive on the local playground, but Bea was only allowed to watch sitting in the car. "It was heartbreaking to see Bea staring at the running and laughing children there. She never stopped fighting the disease. I know she's dying for such a normal life." Hearing of Bea's story, the Make-A-Wish Foundation has paid for a play park to be built in her back garden. "Bea is very brave and she has encouraged many children like her," said the chairman of the foundation. What makes Bea so brave to fight against this serious disease
|
[
"Her parents' encouragement and care.",
"Her dream of owning a play park.",
"Her wish to become a normal child.",
"Her doctor's skills and experience."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lodestones sharply yank metal nails because of
|
[
"allure",
"corrosion",
"irritation",
"evasion"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is 7 o'clock in the morning. You check yourself in the mirror, adjust your collar, and consider the busy day ahead. But at least you know that the stress won't damage your health, for this is no ordinary set of clothes you are wearing. Set within the fabric are numerous sensors, constantly monitoring your vital signs. If danger signs are detected, the garment is programmed to contact your doctor and send a text message telling you to take it easy. Garments that can measure a wearer's body temperature or trace their heart activity are just entering the market, but the European project BIOTEX weaves new functions into smart textiles. _ biosensors in a textile patch can now analyse body fluids, even a tiny drop of sweat, and provide a much better assessment of someone's health. Jean Luprano, a researcher at the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), coordinates the BIOTEX project. "One of the most obvious applications for smart fabrics is in the medical field," he says. "There has been a good deal of progress with physiological measurements, body temperature or electrocardiograms . But no one has yet developed biochemical sensing techniques that can take measurements from fluids like sweat and blood. We are developing a suite of sensors that can be integrated into a textile patch. The patch is a sensing and processing unit, adaptable to target different body fluids and biochemical species. At the very least, some basic biochemical analyses could complement the physiological measurements that can already be monitored. In some circumstances, fluidic analysis may be the only way to get information on a patient's health status." What is the text mainly about?
|
[
"How to make your day stress free.",
"Biochemical sensing techniques.",
"Smart clothes that track your health.",
"New advancement in the medical field."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With their weakening bodies, advanced age or increasing pressure of work or study, people have been advised and usually persuaded to have health care products. Do you remember your first time to take a nutritional supplement ? What was your first impression? Posted by Amy, Dec.23, 2010 8:05 P.M. Madeline on Dec.24, 2010 7:25 P.M. Years ago, as a young mom with two small children, I struggled to keep up with the demands of a busy life. One day, I woke up feeling so tired that I knew something had to change! A friend gave me some Royal Jelly--an amazing substance from the beehive .I was doubtful, but desperate...so I tried it! In time, I began to experience renewed energy like never before! Now, over two decades later, I travel all round the country, sharing my lifechanging experience. I'm grateful for the energy to keep up and love to share this wonderful discovery with others. Blanca on Dec.25, 2010 7:02 P.M. Ten years ago, when I was 73, my mind wanted to be busy and useful, but my body didn't. I became very tired. That's when my daughter Madeline tried to persuade me to try her special Royal Jelly. It made great difference in her life, so she was sure it could help me too! Hesitating for 2 days, I gave in. She was right! I no longer felt worn out. I had a new, youthful eagerness for life and I've been OK--thanks to Royal Jelly! Lori on Dec.25, 2010 10:27 P.M. When my mom Madeline was introduced to Royal Jelly, it affected my life, too! Mom gave me some of her fantastic Royal Jelly. Boy, things did turn around! I had more energy and _ and was finally able to keep up with high school and, eventually, college activities. Today, I'm a busy mom in my mid thirties with two active boys and a new business! I have enough energy to do it all! I'm glad I took my Mom's advice. From the text, we learn that _ .
|
[
"Madeline was more than willing to take Royal Jelly at the very beginning",
"Royal Jelly is a product that can help renew a person's energy and vitality",
"Amy has benefited from Royal Jelly so she posted a topic about the product",
"Lori was grateful because Royal Jelly helped him improve his schoolwork"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the solid.
|
[
"coffee",
"wet paint",
"chalk"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of stars in a typical galaxy?
|
[
"tens",
"hundreds",
"thousands",
"billions"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these is unique to the process of scientific investigation?
|
[
"observing an event as it occurs",
"discussing results with other experts",
"publishing the results on a webpage",
"collecting data in an experiment"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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