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Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part. Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers. The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language. Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined. How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea. But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity. What do the teachers think of the computer system?
|
[
"They think highly of the computer systems.",
"They think that computers cannot grade writing as well as people.",
"They believe that computers can understand a writer's idea well",
"They are glad computers will spare their effort to correct students' school work."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?
|
[
"Cell theory was developed using a microscope.",
"Cell theory was developed to study living things.",
"Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.",
"Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Women should not drink any alcohol during pregnancy. A report released by NICE says. It says if they must drink, they should not do so in the first three months and should limit to one or two ounces once or twice a week afterwards. It replaces previous guidance of saying small daily amounts were fine. NICE decided to tighten its guidance partly because of the concern that people are now drinking more than in the past. Previous draft guidance suggested women should drink an ounce of alcohol a day once they were past the first three months of pregnancy. The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant. Drinking heavily in pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome , which can leave children with features like small heads, widely spaced eyes and behavior or learning problems. The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out any risk. National Childbirth Trust agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. "Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have harmed their baby. In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small." NICE also made a number of other recommendations for the care of women in the UK who were pregnant or planning to get pregnant. It said vitamin D and folic acid supplements should be offered by health staff to help avoid conditions such as rickets and spina bifida . Officials also called for local health officials to ensure equal support plans where mothers encourage new parents to breastfeed are set up. NICE also called for improvements in the care of pregnant women with diabetes. About 20;000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry, higher risk of miscarriage and still birth. The guidance said women should get access to advice and support, in particular to achieve good blood sugar control before they get pregnant. What is the advice made by the Department of Health on drinking alcohol during pregnancy?
|
[
"Little in the first three months and a gradual increase afterwards.",
"An ounce a day after the first three months.",
"No drinking for pregnant women.",
"Those who drink regularly need not worry about the harm to their babies."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two Chinese spacecrafts successfully completed China's first space docking early November 3, 2011, which has taken the country a step closer to building its own space station. Nearly two days after its launch, the unmanned spacecraftShenzhou VIIIdocked with the space lab module Tiangong I more than 343 km above the earth surface.Shenzhou VIIIandTiangong Itook apart after flying together for 12 days. On the 14th of November, the two spacecrafts finished the second docking. ThenShenzhou VIIIparted fromTiangong Iagain and returned to the earth safely on the 17th.Tiangong Iis still traveling around the earth in the space, waiting for the arrival ofShenzhou IXandXand so on in the near future. _ marked another great leap for China's space program and made China the third country in the world, after the United States and Russia, to master the space docking technique . The world's first space docking was achieved in 1966, when the manned U.S, spacecraft Gemini 8 (8) docked with an unmanned Agena Target Vehicle . Space docking is necessary to explore space beyond Earth's orbit. "The capability increases China's ability to act independently in space, as well as its ability to work together with others," said Gregory Kulacki, a U.S. space scientist and senior analyst. "With the success of its first space docking, China is now equipped with the basic technology and ability required for the construction of a space station," said Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program." The country is on its way to building a permanent manned space station around 2020." What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Tiangong I will fly in the space for 12 days.",
"The first space docking of the world was achieved in 1966, by Russians.",
"Without space docking technique people can't explore space beyond Earth's orbit.",
"The U.S.A helped China achieve the first space docking."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A team of researchers from Oxford University has demonstrated a self-driving car that is different from such cars being tested by Audi, Ford, etc. It' s much cheaper because it's based on off-the-shelf technology and controlled by an ordinary iPad. Instead of using GPS to understand the location, the car learns routes when a person is driving, and then asks after it's got it down, if the driver would like the computer to take over. As time passes, it's becoming very clear that people believe computers would be better drivers than humans. This has been proven by extensive research that indicates that computers are able to react more quickly to driving conditions, make smarter decisions, don't take risks, and don't make mistakes in concentration. They don't drink either, of course, which means accidents due to drunk driving could be reduced dramatically if the computer could take over when someone needs to get home from the bar. And the team says drivers don't need their cars to know everything about every road, condition or possible danger. Instead, they just need to know how to get from one point to another, and to do a good job of it when asked. To that end, the researchers have added cameras, lasers, a central computer to process information and a regular iPad. In practice, the car would learn how to get to and from places that the driver frequents, such as their work place, the local pub or grocery store. Once it has it down, the computer asks the driver if they' d like a rest. If so, they simply tap the iPad, and the car takes over. It' s very simple and doesn't require nearly the same number of devices as those being tested by other car companies. The researchers say people might be able to get the total price of the system below a hundred dollars. And of course, the iPad can be lifted out and carried away for other purposes when not being used as a driver assistant. We can infer from the passage that the iPad _ .
|
[
"cannot be removed from cars when it's not used",
"has replaced cameras, lasers and a central computer",
"needs to be specially designed for a self-driving car",
"acts as a tool for drivers to control their self-driving cars"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While many habitats support a great variety of life, and deserts are included, many animals
|
[
"freeze in deserts",
"starve in deserts",
"are abandoned there",
"drown in deserts"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In recent years, temperatures in the polar areas are rising faster than anywhere else on Earth. As a result, the ice and the snow are melting at record-setting rates. One result is that sea levels are rising around the world, putting animals and people at risk. A sheet of ice acts like a huge mirror, reflecting the sun's energy. But ocean water, which is darker than ice, absorbs a lot of it. This causes the ocean to warm, which in turn speeds up ice melting and which leads to even more open waters. The cycle continues until all the ice is gone. "As the ice melts, water flows into the oceans, making them less salty. That, along with warmer water temperatures, can harm the creatures that live in, under, and near the ice," says zoologist Michael Stoddard. "Cold-adapted animals -- including polar bears, foxes, hares, and seals -- also need ice for travel and survival." "Most species of fish, sea spiders, and many other animals and plants that live in the waters of Antarctica don't live anywhere else," Stoddard says. "Many of them have special proteins in their bodies keeping them from freezing to death and have other adaptation to the cold that has yet to be explored." Therefore, experts are urging us to reconsider the way we live. The fuels that we burn in cars, power stations, and factories are largely to blame for the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are trapping overmuch heat in our atmosphere. If we can produce fewer of these gases, we can help save the polar ice. "Even small things would make a difference, if everyone did them." Michael Stoddard says, "That's what we have to figure out in the near future to help save the polar ice and thus protect the oceans and us." The passage is mainly written to _ .
|
[
"introduce the present situation of the polar areas",
"warn people against extreme weather",
"call on people to protect the oceans and humans",
"advertise for volunteers to protect the environment"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wax is on some plant leaves for what purpose?
|
[
"stay moist for warm weather",
"keep water available for predators",
"creation of toxins in the cells",
"keep the ongoing hydration"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Climbers at the top of Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, will now be able to make video calls and surf the Internet on their mobile phones, a Nepalese telecom group claims. Ncell, a branch company of Swedish phone giant TeliaSonera, said on Thursday it had set up a high-speed third-generation (3G) phone base station at an altitude of 5,200 metres in the Everest region. "Today we made the world's highest video call from Mount Everest base camp successfully. The coverage of the network will reach up to the peak of Mount Everest," Ncell Nepal chief Pasi Koistinen told reporters in Kathmandu. The installation will also help tens of thousands of tourists and hikers who visit the world's highest mountain every year. Climbers who reached its 8,848-metre peak previously depended on expensive satellite phones and a voice-only network set up by China Mobile in 2007 on the Chinese side of the mountain. "This is a great milestone for mobile communications as the 3G high speed Internet will bring faster, more affordable telecommunication services from the world's tallest mountain," said Lars Nyberg, chief executive of TeliaSonera, which owns 80 percent of Ncell. The 3G services will be fast enough to make video calls and use the Internet, said the company, which also claimed the world's lowest 3G base at 1,400 metres below sea level in a mine in Europe. Despite the installation in Mount Everest, telecom services cover less than one-third of the 28 million people of Nepal, one of the poorest countries in the world. TeliaSonera said it planned to invest $ 100 million in the next year to ensure that mobile coverage increases to more than 90 per cent of the Himalayan nation's population. The 3G network on Mount Everest puts TeliaSonera ahead of state-controlled Nepal Telecom, Indian-owned United Telecom and China Mobile. Around 3,000 people have climbed to the Everest summit since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first people to conquer the peak in 1953. According to Lars Nyberg, the 3G services they provide _ .
|
[
"are fast and convenient",
"are a little expensive",
"can make voice-only calls",
"offer free emailing"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many rural areas in the United States have no doctor. Some medical schools are trying different ways to treat the problem . One idea is to educate doctors in smaller communities and hope they stay. Dr. William Cathcart-Rake heads a new program at the University of Kansas in the Midwest. "We need more doctors. There's somewhere like a quarter of all of our physicians in Kansas who are sixty years of age or older. So we need to be replacing physicians, too."Says Dr. William Cathcart. He also says medical students from rural areas now typically study in Wichita or Kansas City, two of the biggest cities in Kansas. They say, "You know, I really have every intention of coming back to rural Kansas,"but they meet a soul mate, they get married, their soul mate happens to be from a big city and we never see them again. They get captured in the big city. Hopefully, if we train them in smaller communities, they can meet the future _ here , they can network here, and they have those connections which can hopefully be lifelong. The program is based in Kansas' tenth largest city , Salina, home to about fifty thousand people. Salina is about a three-hour drive from Kansas City, past fields of corn, soybeans and cattle. Student Claire Hinrichsen grew up in a town of about six hundred people. She attended the University of Kansas, or KU, as an undergraduate. One reason why the chose the Salina program is because of the size. There are only eight students--the smallest medical school in the country. Classes are taught by professors in Salina or on a video link from Kansas City or Wichita. Students who complete the four year program will then do their residency training in a small community in the surrounding area. One place a resident might work is the Clay Center Clinic, where Dr. Kerry Murphy is a family physician. Rural doctors generally serve older, poorer patients. Going into a specialty in a big city can mean better working hours and more money to pay off student loans. The Salina program will pay tuition for each year that students practice in a rural area in Kansas. What is the purpose of the passage?
|
[
"To make it known that it lacks doctors very much in rural Kansas.",
"To introduce a program handling the lack of doctors in rural Kansas.",
"To train students to become doctors for rural Kansas.",
"To meet the demands of doctors for many rural towns in Kansas."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new report said scientists may not be far from giving apes the ability to think and talk like humans. The report is about experiments which transplant human cells into animals for medical purposes. It claimed that concerns about the creation of talking apes should be taken seriously. It should also draw people's attention to the possibility that the medical research about creating "humanised" animals is going to generate monsters. A regulatory body is needed to closely monitor any experiments that many risk creating animals with human-like consciousness or giving them any appearance or behavioural traits that too closely resemble humans, the report said. Scientists would, for example, be prevented from replacing a large number of an ape's brain cells with human brain cells until more is known about the potential risks. This has already been done in simpler animals like mice, which is judged to be less risky. Under the new UK guidelines, the power to regulate tests on animals containing human material would be transferred to a body with wider responsibility for animal testing in the Home Office. While there is no risk from experiments currently being carried out in Britain, it is possible that ethical boundaries could be crossed within the next few years if scientists are not careful, the experts said. Professor Thomas Baldwin, a member of the Academy of Medical Sciences working group that produced the report, said the possibility of humanised apes should be taken seriously. He said, "The fear is that if you start putting very large numbers of human brain cells into the brains of primates you might transform the primates into something that has some of the abilities that we regard as distinctly human, such as speech, or other ways of being able to _ or relate to us." Professor Martin Bobrow, chair of the academy working group that produced the report, said, "The very great majority of experiments present no issues beyond the general use of animals in research and these should continue to proceed under the current regulations." Lord Willis, chair of the Association of Medical Research Charities, said, "AMRC only supports research that is absolutely necessary and where no suitable alternative methods are available." What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"Ethical rules to limit humanised animals.",
"The potential results of humanised apes.",
"The possibility of humanised animals.",
"The danger of human-like animals."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Carolina uses a microscope to view a soil sample taken from her backyard. Which part of the soil would she ONLY be able to see with a microscope?
|
[
"bacteria",
"grass",
"rainwater",
"rocks"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A decrease in air temperature from 60°F to 35°F would most likely cause a person to
|
[
"shiver",
"sweat",
"blink his eyes",
"feel sleepy"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Glynis I piled on the pounds and I couldn't lose them. Then I joined a slimming club. My target weight was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months. I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I'd lose the weight at slimming classes in the next year, but it didn't happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I'd lost will power and tried to believe the saying that fish and chips didn't make any difference but the scales don't lie. Roz To be honest, I never weigh myself any more. I've leant to be happy with myself. It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips. My idea is simple. You shouldn't think too much about food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a super-thin body. This is obviously the size I'm meant to be and, most of all I'm happy with it. Lesley I was very happy about winning Young Slimmer of the Year. I'd look in the mirror, unable to believe this slim lady was me! That might have been my problem-perhaps from then on I didn't pay any attention to myself. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you. I feel a complete failure because I've put on weight again. Ros Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I'd always been about 110 pounds, but the pleasant environment went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year. Every so often I try to go on a diet. I always do well in the first few days, then end up having the children's leftovers or eating chocolate happily-my weakness. I'd like to be slim. I decided to take more exercise when my kids are older. According to the passage, we can learn that _ .
|
[
"winning an honor has caused Lesley some worry",
"slimming classes had no effect on Glynis",
"Ros lost weight after she got married",
"Roz thinks she is a born slimmer"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A group of students plans to build a model of a local pond habitat. Which model best represents an environment similar to a pond?
|
[
"a sealed plastic bottle containing insects and algae from a pond",
"a classroom aquarium containing plants and animals bought from a store",
"a classroom aquarium containing freshwater, non-native plants, and non-native animals",
"a small plastic outdoor pool containing freshwater, native plants, and native animals"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Do you care about your memory ?The following ways can help improve your memory. Sleep: Sleep plays an important part in improving your memory. Enough sleep is very important to have a good memory. Don't watch TV while eating: Do not watch television while eating. Some people keep talking and eating while watching TV. Eating is a time when you can take a break from studying and rest your eyes. Healthy food: Healthy food is important for a healthy mind. Have milk, eggs, fish and fruits. These foods have a lot of nutrients Make the things interesting: If you find the things the teachers ask you to memorize interesting, you will memorize them more easily. For example, include music and different colors in the things you need to memorize. Repeat the things: Repeat the things by singing or talking. Repeating is a good way to memorize things. Exercise: Do exercise every day. It not only improves the body but improves the mind. Air in the morning keeps your mind clear. A clear mind is needed for memorizing things. Have a rest: Don't study for long hours. Have a rest from time to time. Studying for a long time will make you tired and you will find it harder to remember and learn things. How many ways of improving memory are there in the passage?
|
[
"Five.",
"Six.",
"Seven.",
"Eight"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn't understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and a study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying. Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we' re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them. Just as crying can be healthy, not crying -- holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering -- can be bad for physical health, Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural -- and healthy -- emotional response . According to the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"Crying is the best way to get help from others.",
"Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.",
"We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.",
"We must cry if we want to reduce pressure."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
cooking a pancake
salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Find the order of the factor group Z_6/<3>.
|
[
"2",
"3",
"6",
"12"
] | 1B
|
abstract_algebra
|
mmlu
|
What information supports the conclusion that Karen acquired this trait?
|
[
"Karen is most interested in American history.",
"Karen learned history by reading."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What contains chlorophyll?
|
[
"plastic",
"water",
"green organelles",
"paper"
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
some animals remove their hair coverings for
|
[
"naptime",
"lunchtime",
"mating season",
"scorching climates"
] | 3D
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While football fans feel strongly angry and shocked about mistakes made by referees because they cannot see clearly what has happened, a small German company is quietly pleased. For Carlos Technologies, mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy. The company has developed a tiny chip that fits inside a football and determines whether the ball has crossed the goal line, by being able to discover its exact location on the field. The world football organization, FIFA, has shown interest in the technology. It is very possible that the new technology will be used in the 2018 World Cup in Russia. "We've been testing the technology at the main soccer stadium in Nuremberg for some time and more recently in an under-17 FIFA Cup in Peru," said Gunter Rohmer, a director of the company. "The technology has performed well, and we're pretty optimistic that it will be used at the games in Russia." The chip only weighs 12 grams, and is placed in the center of the football. It sends 2,000 signals a second to a receiver network of 12 antennas ,placed around the field. The receivers then send information about the ball's location to a central computer, and because it works in real time, it can immediately tell the referee whether a goal has been scored. The chip even can tell when the ball crosses the line in mid-air. Oliver Braun, one of the inventors of the chip, says that feedback from German referees was generally positive. Germany sports-wear giant Adidas is also optimistic about using this kind of chip in other ball sports. FIFA aims to test the technology later this year at another game in Japan before deciding whether or not to introduce it in all 12 stadiums in Russia for next World Cup. Carlos Technologies is pleased because _ .
|
[
"football fans are angry with referees",
"their new product can satisfy football fans",
"their new product will have a good market",
"they can sell a lot of football in the future"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Galaxy saw a man and a woman who communicated with the sign language at the train station when she was on the way home one evening. She noticed that the woman asked the mon for the direction. He told her that he did not know. Galaxy decided to help them. She had learned the sign language when she served as a volunteer in the deaf and mute school. Then she showed the woman the direction and left her email address to them in case they needed her help later. She received an email from that man the next day. Kazrim was his name. Galaxy replied his mail sincerely. They both started chatting online soon after and began seeing each other. Although they only communicated with the sign language, it never bothered her. Galaxy was fond of him gradually. Obviously, Kazrim was the same too. He presented Galaxy with a bunch of sunflowers and asked her sincerely, "Are you willing to be my girlfriend?" Galaxy was pleasantly surprised. She requested him to give her some time to persuade her parents. As she had expected, her parents were very angry after they had learned of their love story. Galaxy explained, "Kazrim is an excellent and a very optimistic person. He has a very positive attitude towards life and work. He cares for others always. He is 100% better than the normal. Moreover, the mute is still a human. He should possess a perfect and wonderful love. " Her parents asked to see him, then. The very worried Galaxy took Kazrim home a few days later. When they were on the train, Kazrim told her, ''I'm going to tell your parents I'll be looking after you well with all my life!" Galaxy was deeply moved. As soon as they had entered the house, Galaxy introduced him to her parents. She said, ''This is Kazrim." Just right after her speech, an unbelievable thing happened. Kazrim threw the gift away and held her in his arms tightly. He said, "YOU CAN TALK?" It was the same question that Galaxy wanted to ask, too. The four people were shocked all of a sudden. As a matter of fact, Kazrim always believed that Galaxy was a mute and he still fell in love with her deeply. What can we learn about the two young people from the passage?
|
[
"They fell in love at the first sight.",
"They cheated each other to win love.",
"They mistook each other for being mutes.",
"They ignored the anger of Galaxy's parents."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More Chinese are seeking out the surgeon's knife to improve their looks.Yet the tragic death of the former Super Girl Wang Bei has made people aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery, which is becoming increasingly popular. Wang Bei,24,is said to have gone under the knife in Wuhan,to jump-start her stage-show career. It seems that the ambitious singer has finally achieved the fame and influence after her death. For years Miss Lu expected a plastic surgery to make her jaw fashionable narrow and her face smaller. She finally decided against it after hearing of the death of Wang Bei. "Wang Bei's death rang the warning bell for me,"Miss Lu said in her blog." It was frightening and I gave up the plan. " A common thread of online discussion is why someone considered beautiful was so dissatisfied with her looks. Some netizens said Wang was a victim of society's impractical standard of beauty:double eyelids,and the pointed chin typical of Western actresses. Others said her death indicated the limits to which people would go to achieve fame and fortune. Last year 15 billion was spent on cosmetic surgery and the figure is expected to rise 20% annually. The International Society of Plastic Surgery ranks China first in Asia in terms of the number of cosmetic surgeries in 2009. Worldwide, China is third, after Brazil, while the United States is first. Nowadays,people are living longer and better. But the effect of aging off their appearance affects their mood and confidence. Many older women want to look young and beautiful. Young people, on the other hand, see cosmetic surgery as the key to wealth and love. "They want to improve their appearance to find better opportunities at work and in marriage,"says a famous plastic surgeon. "We're living in a highly competitive society. People regard appearance as a weapon in life battle. Those who are young and naturally good-looking tell me,'I don't care how much I spend. Just make me look more beautiful.' " Advice from a surgeon and psychologist: 1.Choose regular, qualified hospitals with a good reputation. 2.Try to find an expert surgeon who will not suggest several operations over time. 3.Don't expect too much from changing your appearance. Safety should be the first. 4.Have a realistic understanding of the risks of the surgery (death,injury and failure)and make a balanced decision. It is mentioned in the passage that _ .
|
[
"Miss Lu's face is narrow and small",
"Wang Bei is a victim of the Internet",
"all Westerners have the pointed chin",
"the US ranks first in cosmetic surgery"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At night stars appear to move relative to the
|
[
"moon",
"skyline",
"treetops",
"ocean"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples. Apples, which are about 35 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas. The leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States. There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those that are grown for sale. The three most common kinds that are grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious and Macintosh.w Apples are different in color1. Size and taste. The color1 of the skin may be red, green, or yellow. They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart"". Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make apple sauce . Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is _ during the winter ,this cold period is good for the tree. It can be learned from the passage that Delicious apples are _ .
|
[
"grown in France",
"sold everywhere",
"very big",
"quite sweet"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you taking good care of your hair and using the right products? Could your shampoo be damaging your hair? Should you brush your hair more or less? The following are a few tips to help you keep your hair healthy and shining. A balanced diet will help you have nice-looking hair. Try to eat more green vegetables, eggs and beans every day. Wash your hair every day, or every two days. Always use cool, clean water to wash the shampoo out of your hair. Use shampoo that is specially designed for your hair type (dry, oily, etc.).When using shampoo, be sure to massage your hair, including the roots, softly. Allow your hair to dry naturally whenever possible. Hair is at its weakest when it is wet, so never brush or comb your wet hair hard, and use a wide-toothed comb. Give your hair a good brushing before going to bed. Do this by bending over so that your head is hanging down, and brush from back to front. This will help remove the dirt from your hair. Strong sunlight is bad for your hair. So remember to wear a hat to protect it on hot summer days. We should brush our hair _ before going to bed.
|
[
"from left to right",
"from back to front",
"from front to back",
"from right to left"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which characteristic of a cell membrane allows it to control materials entering and leaving a cell?
|
[
"A cell membrane is surrounded by fluid.",
"A cell membrane is semipermeable.",
"A cell membrane holds organelles in place.",
"A cell membrane is found in plant and animal cells."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
bleaching clothes
a piece of apple turning brown
|
[
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It's not quite a rat. Nor is it a squirrel, or a mouse. It's definitely a rodent , and it's also a brand-new family of mammals. The locals of the Southeast Asian country of Laos call the creature a kha-nyou (ga-nyou). The kha-nyou have long body hair, short legs, and a hairy tail less thick than a squirrel's. They're vegetarians living in the rocky hills of Laos, and they come out at night, but for more information, you'll have to ask the Lao people. "It was for sale on a table next to some vegetables. I knew immediately it was something I had never seen before," said Robert Timmins, a researcher for the Wildlife Conservation Society. Timmins was working in Laos to stop people from selling endangered animals when he spotted the species. Criminals who trade illegal wildlife can make a lot of money, but they also push the animals closer to disappearing from the planet. The kha-nyou live in karsts, or rough rock. Mark Robinson, a scientist with the World Wildlife Foundation, set out with Lao villagers to find a few more of the rodents for study. They climbed onto a karst, trapped with rice, and caught several. "To find something so unusual in this day and age is just extraordinary," said Timmins. "For all we know, this could be the last remaining animal family left to be discovered." It's a big deal to discover an entirely new family of animals. Humans, for instance, belong to the same family as great apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas. So even though kha-nyous look like rats, they're really very different. The last time scientists discovered a new family of mammals may have been in the 1970s, when they found new bats in Thailand. Timmins seems to have the gift for finding new animals in Laos--he discovered a new species of rabbit there in 1999. Scientists call the kha-nyou Laonastes aenigmamus, which means "mysterious mouse that lives among the stones."But if that's too hard, Timmins and Robinson suggest you call them "rock rats". It implies in the passage that _ .
|
[
"finding a new animal family in Southeast Asia is easy",
"finding a new animal family in modern time is extremely rare",
"in Southeast Asia new species of animals are often discovered",
"animals that look like the same are of the same family"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Namib Desert in Africa is one of the driest places on earth.With half an inch of rain falling every year,humans call barely survive there for a week with no water.But the Namib beetle does just fine.It collects morning dew that condenses on its back. Inspired by this little creature,27--year--old Edward Linacre,a former student from Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne,Australia,has designed a new"Airdrop" irrigation system which can pull water from even the driest desert air.His invention won the 2011 James Dyson Award,an international design award.Hopes are high that the system will be able to solve the problems of growing plants on dry land,according to the may Mail. Linacre studied the Namib beetle and found that it had hydrophilic skin on its back,which helped catch water molecules passing in the air.These water molecules accumulated into small drops of liquid water.He realized that as long as the air temperature was low enough,even the driest air contains water molecules that can be extracted . Following this principle,he designed the new system which works by pumping air through a network of underground pipes to cool it to the point at which water condenses.The water is then delivered directly to the roots of plants. According to the research,about 11.5 milliliters of water could be collected from every cubic meter of air in the driest desert.Further development could raise that number even higher . The idea of getting water from the air is not new.However,the Airdrop has certain advantages compared with its competitors.Similar systems often require great amounts of energy because they use refrigeration equipment to lower the temperature.But Airdrop simply uses the temperature difference between the air and the cool earth underground According to the author, the benefit of the invention is _ .
|
[
"having advanced equipment",
"delivering water directly to plant roots",
"saving great amounts of energy",
"collecting water from the air direetly"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An out-of-body experience? It's just your brain playing tricks on you. Some report feeling as if they are floating above their own bodies, while others find themselves drawn towards a blinding light. But out-of-body experiences are nothing more than a trick of the mind, scientists claim. They say that common spooky scenarios, such as floating above a hospital bed or walking towards the light at the end of a tunnel, can be explained by the brain trying to make sense of the process of death. Scientists from the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge reviewed studies into changes in the brain that cause certain strong feelings associated with near-death experiences. Researcher Caroline Watt said one common vision -- that of people seeing a bright light which seems to be drawing them into the afterlife -- is probably produced by the death of the cells we use to process the light picked up by our eyes and turn it into pictures. "It is simply your brain trying to make sense of the unusual experiences you are having," Dr Watt said. Feelings of being out of the body can also be explained by the brain's behavior, the journal Trends in Cognitive Science reports. "If you put on a virtual reality headset showing an image of yourself three feet in front, you can trick your brain into thinking that is you over there, and get the sense you are outside your body," Dr Watt added. The scientific evidence suggests that all aspects of the near-death experience have a biological basis. In another example, the hormone noradrenalin, which is released when we suffer from stress and injuries, could be behind the feelings of love and peace that many experience when they seem to be approaching death. However, other scientists say we should not be so quick to dismiss (stop considering) people's accounts (descriptions). Sam Parnia, of the University of Southampton, stressed that being able to trace something back to the brain does not mean it is not real. Dr Parnia, who is close to completing a three-year study of hospital patients' recollections of their near-death experiences, said, "Every experience, whether near-death or otherwise -- such as depression, happiness and love -- is mediated by the brain." This passage is probably taken from _ .
|
[
"a science fiction",
"a scientific reference book",
"a book of fairy tales",
"a popular science magazine"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are some strong-minded people that are able to stop smoking today and be free from the addiction the next day. However, some smokers may have to seek help from medication in order to kick the habit. What medication actually does is to reduce the wish to smoke. Some of the medication must be taken with a doctor's guidance. The five most common medications to stop smoking are Bupropion SR, nicotine gum, nicotine inhalers, nicotine nasal spray and nicotine patches. People can buy nicotine gum and nicotine patches in chemists. However, the other medications require a prescription. Zyban tablets have been found to be highly effective in curing people of smoking addiction. The tablet needs to be taken whole, without crushing it, as crushing can lead to side effects. It can be bought on the prescription of a doctor. Nicotine patches are filled with nicotine and they are applied to the skin. The skin takes in the nicotine and carries it to the blood stream. The amount of nicotine in these patches is quite limited, not enough to lead to addiction. But you shouldn't take them for dinner. In fact, millions of people have benefited from these nicotine patches. Nicotine gum is supposed to be a safer choice. It is used in such a way that it comes into contact with the blood vessels in the mouth and then releases the nicotine. The nicotine should not go through the stomach; otherwise, it may cause certain side effects. These different types of medications have to be taken quite carefully. Do ask your doctor before taking any of these. Which of the following medicines can be bought without a prescription?
|
[
"Zyban tablets.",
"Nicotine patches.",
"Nicotine inhalers.",
"Nicotine nasal spray."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The teacher invited a little boy's mother to attend his elementary school's first parents' meeting. His mother said she would go but the boy was disappointed. This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher met his mother and he was embarrassed by her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar that covered nearly the whole right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar. At the meeting, the people were impressed by the kindness of his mother, but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone. However, he heard a conversation between his mother and his teacher. "How did you get the scar on your face?" the teacher asked. The mother replied, " When my son was a baby, the room he was in caught fire. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, but I rushed in at once. As I was running towards his crib , I saw a beam coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked down. But fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us. " She touched the burned side of her face. " This scar will be _ , but until today, I have never regretted doing what I did. " At this point, the little boy came out running towards his mother with tears in his eyes. He hugged her and felt the love of his mother. ,. Hearing his mother's story, the boy will _ .
|
[
"save his mother in danger",
"love his mother more than before",
"study harder to thank his mother",
"hate his teacher more than before"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When a big exam is coming up, you probably feel anxious about any wasted time and want to begin school as soon as you probably can. But tens of thousands of British high school students will soon be getting up later. They're taking part in a new experiment by Oxford University to see if later classes can improve their exam results. Grades 10 students in the UK have to take the nationwide General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. They have to pass these exams in order to study more advanced courses, and later apply for universities. The Oxford University project means that GCSE students from more than 100 schools across England will start school at 10 am, more than one hour later than the current start time (8:50 am). The project is based on scientific evidence that teenagers are "out of sync " with traditional school hours, the Telegraph reported. And what they need is more sleep in the morning. "We know that something funny happens when you're a teenager, in that you seem to be out of sync with the world," said professor Colin Epsie, who is leading the study. "Your parents think it's because you are lazy and opinionated and everything will be OK if you could get to sleep earlier. But science is telling us that teenagers need to sleep more in the mornings." Everyone follows a natural cycle of sleep and wakefulne ss. Biology has decided that teenagers go to sleep around midnight and don't feel fully awake until 9-10 am, according to scientists. That's two hours later than adults. And their body clocks stay like this until the age of around 21 for males, and 19 for females. "Society provides school for learning, but the brain provides sleep. So we are exploring the possibility that if you delay the schools start time until 10 am, that will improve learning performance," said Epsie. The results could be positive, based on previous studies. An early study at the UK's Monkseaton High School in 2009 found that starting an hour later improved grades in core subjects by 19 percent. The Oxford project is expecting to publish the results in 2018. It's time to wait and see whether scientists will give us an excuse to get up late. What is the author's attitude toward the Oxford University project ?
|
[
"Critical",
"Optimistic",
"Doubtful",
"Uninterested"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello, I'm Linda. This is a photo of my friend's family. Her name is Jane. These are her parents, Jeff Brown and Emily Brown. Those are her brothers, Harry and Dick. Is that her grandfather? Yes, it is. His name is Henry. . What's Jane's family name?
|
[
"Brown",
"Linda",
"Jeff",
"Emily"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion ( ). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable ( ) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car 's movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer ( ) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
|
[
"A rail.",
"An engine.",
"A retractable arm.",
"A computer controller."
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people consider their pets members of the family and are very sad when they die, but what if you could clone your dog, cat or bird? A scientist in New Orleans, who has proved his ability to clone other animals, is now offering the possibility to pet owners here in Wisconsin. Scientists have not been able to clone dogs, cats or other pets, but if and when the time comes, several companies will be ready and able to do the job. The question is: Are you ready to clone your pet? Brett Reggio is betting on it.He is working on his Ph. D at Louisian State University. He's successfully cloned a goat five times and wants to try the process on family pets. So he started a business called Lazaron. "What Lazaron provides is the first step in the cloning process. "He said."It's for curing and storing the fiberglass cells that will be used for cloning." "Your first reaction is yeah! I think I'd like that." said Donna Schacht, a pet owner. "I don't believe you can ever replace a special love," pet owner Paulette Callattion said. Most pet owners will tell you freezing your pet's DNA in hopes of one day cloning it is a personal decision. Scientists say that cloning your own pet doesn't mean that the offspring will have the same intelligence, temperament or other qualities that your pet has. If you cloned a pet, your might find that it _ .
|
[
"looked different from the pet you once had",
"turned out to be another kind of animal",
"had a different character",
"were just the same pet your once had"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Animals use resources in the environment to survive. Which of the following resources does an animal use for energy?
|
[
"air",
"food",
"shelter",
"water"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Ice water is poured into four cups made of different materials. The cup made of which material will be the coldest to touch after one minute?
|
[
"foam",
"glass",
"metal",
"plastic"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everybody should have some level of first aid ability, because accidents and medical emergencies can happen anywhere at any time. St John First Aid courses give you the knowledge and confidence to provide effective first aid whenever it's needed. First Aid Level 1 Ideal for anyone who wants to learn basic first aid or needs to renew their first aid qualification. Courses can be held at St John or your workplace. Fee: $162(includes GST) Duration : Eight hours First Aid Level 2 Includes all course content from First Aid Level One, plus an additional half day. Ideal for special first aiders, health and safety managers and anyone who needs a first aid qualification. Fee: $235(includes GST) Duration: 12 hours Pre-Hospital Emergency Care (PHEC) Advanced training for first aiders who already hold unit standards 6400 and 6402. Ideal for people who require advanced first aid skills or a pre-hospital emergency care (PHEC) qualification for their work. Fee: $635(includes GST) Duration: Three days Child First Aid Ideal for parents, grandparents and other family caregivers. A recognized qualification for childcare workers. Fee: $65(includes GST) Duration: Four hours Outdoor First Aid First aid response for accidents and medical emergencies in the wilderness. For groups of eight or more. Duration: One to two days depending on experience Sports First Aid First aid response for common sporting injuries and medical emergencies. Includes ACC injury prevention advice. Duration: Eight hours. The main purpose of the text is to _ .
|
[
"introduce the courses about first aid",
"teach people knowledge of first aid",
"change people's attitude to first aid",
"let people renew their first aid qualification"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What you see is what you eat, according to the latest study to confirm that watching TV encourages children to eat more junk food. But the researchers say there may be an easy way to stop unhealthy snacking in front of the television: put healthier food within easy reach. Leah Lipsky and Ronal Iannotti are the scientists who worked on the study, which was reported this week in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. The report says that for every hour of television children watch, they are 8% less likely to eat fruit every day, 18% more likely to eat candy, and 16% more likely to eat fast food. The reasons for the link between watching TV and eating junk food aren't surprising: young people watching TV are exposed to more advertising for unhealthy food-such as fast food-than commercials for fresh fruit and vegetables. Studies show that children who watch a lot of TV are more likely to prefer eating things that are high in sugar, salt and fat, even when they aren't watching TV. The researchers also found that some children who snacked in front of the television, however, increased the amount of fruit that they ate. It all depended on what was available and within reach. " _ ," says Lipsky. "But it suggests that if you have other choices available-and don't have the unhealthy choices available-then children might be encouraged to eat more fruit." Lipsky and Iannotti also recommend that parents _ the amount of time that children spend in front of a TV or computer-no more than two hours a day for children over two years old. According to the passage, we can infer the author believes _ .
|
[
"nothing can stop children eating junk food",
"watching less TV can help children eat less junk food",
"children can stop eating junk food by themselves",
"the report is untrue"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new organism is discovered. It is multicellular, autotrophic, and does not move on its own. In which kingdoms could the organism belong?
|
[
"Fungi and Plants",
"Protists and Plants",
"Animals and Fungi",
"Protists and Animals"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following are examples of continuous data? I. The speed your car goes II. The number of outcomes of a binomial experiment III. The average temperature in San Francisco IV. The wingspan of a bird V. The jersey numbers of a football team
|
[
"I, III, and IV only",
"II and V only",
"I, III, and V only",
"II, III, and IV only"
] | 0A
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu
|
Hi, my name is Amy. I am a Grade 7 student, and I would like to tell you something about my class and myself. There are ten classes in Grade 7.In each class, there are about forty students. I think that my class, Class 4 is the best .That is because all the students in my class work very hard and the teachers are all very nice to the students. But I am not one of the best students in the class. I love reading, and I am very good at Chinese and English. I don't find Maths very interesting, so I am not good at it. I want to work hard at it. My teacher, classmates and my parents would like to help me with my Maths. What is Amy not good at?
|
[
"Chinese",
"P.E.",
"English",
"Maths"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A dog gets the energy it needs to run from ___.
|
[
"the air",
"the Sun",
"food",
"water"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When my daughter, Sophie, was admitted to a college we were very happy, but a little worried about becoming empty nesters. I knew I had to do something to help myself adapt, starting with the summer before she left. Sophie had a pack of colorful T-shirts. I knew she wouldn't wear them any more, so I decided to make a quilt out of them for her bed at college. It focused my energy, and also let me relive some memories. I tried to work on the quilt when Sophie wasn't at home----which turned out to be often. She was very busy with her friends. Even when she was around, her door was shut more than usual. I felt a bit hurt. After all, we didn't have much time together before she went to college, I was already missing her, and she hadn't ever left yet. When we arrived at the college, a wave of emotion flooded me. I tried to hold it back, but Sophie saw it in my face. She took a big red book from her bag. "I made this for you, Mom," she said. Then I knew why she had been staying behind a closed door that summer. It was an album of photographs documenting the life of our family over the last 17 years. I broke into tears. Some of it was sadness at having to let her go, but some of it was joy. I knew that our connection was more powerful than ever, and that we'd always be connected by the strongest of threads, the love that went into every stitch of her quilt and every photo of my album. In Sophie's dormitory I unfolded the quilt on her bed. For a moment she was speechless. Then she threw her arms around me. "Mom, I love you," she said. One of her new friends was calling her outside. Sophie turned, and I let her go. What do we learn about Sophie from the passage?
|
[
"She did not understand how her mother felt about her leaving.",
"She had few friends, and kept to herself at home that summer.",
"She made a photo album to show her love.",
"She liked her colorful T-shirts very much."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Delilah's phenotype for the fur color trait?
|
[
"FF",
"orange fur"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A stage in the life cycle process includes what aspect?
|
[
"killing of kin",
"entity replication",
"transporting water",
"reproducing ideas"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While it is impossible to live completely free of stress,it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can't be avoided.The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. *Try physical activity When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running,walking,playing tennis,and working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. *Take care of yourself You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and can't sleep well enough, or if you're not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations.If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping,you should consult a doctor. *Make time for yourself Schedule time for both work and entertainment.Don't forget,play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun.Go window-shopping or work on a hobby.Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy. *Make a list of things to do Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that "there's so much to do,and not enough time".Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result,you may not achieve anything.Instead,make a list of everything you have to do,then do one thing at a time,checking off each task as it is completed.Set out to do the most important task first. Which of the following would be the advice to deal with stress according to the passage?
|
[
"just lie in bed for a rest",
"always listen to pop music",
"insist on doing work",
"make a list to do things one by one"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some people like to collect stamps. Others prefer posters or coins. But Pinky Bhutia is different. She collects children. In her mountain village, in Sikkim, she is known as the wonderful young woman who adopts all the children she can. Pinky was 14 when she adopted her first child, a Nepali baby girl, whose patents passed away. Pinky's parents did not mind. Pinky left school and started working full time because she had a baby to feed. Today , she has twelve adopted children, and two sons from her marriage. Pinky is about 30 years old and she comes from a common family. If you passed her on the street, you wouldn't give her a second look. She lives in a brown mud-washed house. There is a vegetable garden outside. Red hens with noisy chicks run all over the garden looking for food. If you ask her why she provides a home to so many kids, she smiles shyly. But her eyes are serious. "I know what it is to be poor and hungry." As a child, her only dream was to eat a full meal, and her favorite amusement was watching people with shoes and imagining what it felt like. By adopting poor and homeless children she is making sure that they never feel that hopeless. Pinky feels very proud when she sees her children happy and bright, Her oldest baby, Aarita Rai, is now 20 years old, Then, there is 19-year-old Nimbe who came to Pinky because her mother was unable to look after her. She started to work in a government office two years ago. Ten-year-old Bhim and 14-year-old Kumar came to Pinky five years ago, after their father's death. They started living on a patch of land given by Pinky and grew vegetables for sale. "I like children. It's not one more mouth to feed but one more soul saved," Pinky says. After Pinky adopted her first child, she _ .
|
[
"began to raise some chickens",
"didn't go to school anymore",
"asked her parents for help",
"left her mountain village"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Because phones have caused many problems, many head teachers have ordered that pupils must keep their phones switched off at school. Others have told pupils to leave them at home. However, Dr Elizabeth Hartnell-Young at the University of Nottingham believes it is time that phone bans were reassessed--because mobile phones can be a powerful learning aid, they say. "At the start of the study, even pupils were often surprised at the thought that mobile phones could be used for learning," Dr Hartnell-Young says. "After their hands-on experience, almost all pupils said they had enjoyed the project and felt more motivated. "Some teachers also had to reassess their views. "Using this technology gives them more freedom to express themselves without needing to be constantly governed." one said. Other teachers found that pupils who lacked confidence gained most from the project. However, they recognized that greater use of mobile phones in schools could prove troublesome. Increased temptation to steal phones was one worry. "I thought, well, four of these smart phones are going to end up on e-BAY tomorrow," one teacher said. A few teachers remained concerned that phones could prove a distraction for some pupils. Allowing pupils to access school emails via mobiles would also bring risks if passwords were shared, they said. Dr Hartnell-Young says that the teachers' worries are understandable. "While the eventual aim should be to cancel overall bans on phones we do not recommend immediate, whole-school change," she said. "Instead we believe that teachers, students and the wider community should work together to develop policies that will enable this powerful new learning tool to be used safely. We hope that, in future, mobile phone use will be as natural as using any other technology in school." Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
|
[
"Temptation from Mobile Phones",
"The Mobile Phone Using Ban",
"Mobile Phones, a Powerful Learning Aid",
"Yes or No for Using Cell phones at School"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Jack has naturally straight hair.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
One of Anna's friends has chickenpox . Two days later, Katie has chickenpox. Anna's mother says: " Your best friend has chickenpox . We have to keep an eye on you." The next evening, Anna finds some red spots on her face. The next morning, she stays home from school. She can't go to her grandpa's birthday party. She can't go to her soccer practice. She can't go to the supermarket with her mother.Anna cries : " I don't like chickenpox. I miss school. I miss my friends." Then Anna's mother has an idea. After lunch, Katie, Mike and Danny come to Anna's home--- all with spots like her. Anna's mother says : " Let's have a chickenpox party!" All the afternoon, the kids play games. When Anna's friends have to go home, "See you at school." Katie says. "Having chickenpox is not so bad." says Danny. "I know," Anna says with a laugh , " Can we all have chickenpox again next week?" kids have chickenpox from the passage ?
|
[
"Two",
"Three",
"Four",
"Five"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
On an elementary school playground, hundreds of children run and jump, smiling and laughing as they play. Watching sea otters playing in their own environment is like watching children at play. Sea otters, which are presently on the endangered species list, are experiencing an increase in population. Groups of sea otters live on the shores of the North Pacific Ocean. They are seldom found far from land but almost spend their entire lives at sea. The otter has been known to dive as deep as 180 feet and stay underwater as long as minutes. Each day the sea otter eats as much as one-fifth of its body weight in fish or shellfish. Not only are sea otters playful, they are also amazingly resourceful. Their favorite food, abalone , is protected by a thick shell that sea otters are unable to break with their teeth. Sea otters use stones from the ocean floor and break the abalone open on their bellies as they move slowly across the surface of the water on their backs, a behavior that makes them one of only a few animals on Earth, including human beings, to use tools! Their intelligence is also displayed while sleeping. In order not to move into dangerous waters, sea otters actually cover themselves with plants on the sea, which keep them in place before falling asleep. Because sea otters have a special means of keeping insulated , they can keep their body heat in their cold environment. They have unbelievably fine fur that traps tiny bubbles, and that keeps them comfortable when warmed by body heat. However, their fur loses this insulating quality if it becomes dirty. Sea otters have faced dangers from hunters in the past and from oil spills more recently. Fortunately, due to a 1911 agreement and to rescue and habitat protection efforts, the sea otter population has nearly recovered. What can be inferred about sea otters' fur?
|
[
"It consists of tiny air bubbles.",
"It has a layer of insulating water bubbles.",
"It keeps sea otters warm only when it's clean.",
"It becomes dirty easily in the cold environment."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tiny monitoring devices have become an increasingly common way for scientists to study elusive animals that are difficult to track on a day-to-day basis. However, now it seems that smart. seals have caught on to the trick and are using it to their advantage to catch fish! To find out if that is true, a team of researchers from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland selected a group often young grey seals that had neither encountered the ocean nor been exposed to any kind of acoustic tags. The researchers then placed the seals one at a time, inside a pool that contained 20 foraging boxes, only two of which housed fish -- one with tags and the other without. Each seal was allowed to explore the boxes twenty separate times. In order to ensure that mammal was not depending on its memory, the fish were moved to different boxes each time. At first, there was no difference in the amount of time it took the seals to discover the tagged and untagged fish. However, after they had been in the pool a few times, they started locating the tagged fish much faster. To confirm that this indeed was the case, there searchers conducted a second experiment using two boxes -- one with pieces of fish and the other with just acoustic tags. Sure enough, the seals were all attracted to the one that was sending out signals. While this experiment involved only seals, the researchers believe that other marine mammals may also be using the information to catch prey. Sadly, predators like sharks that have been tagged by scientists may be negatively affected, as pings they emit could warn their prey of their presence. Besides potentially messing up nature's food chain, the "dinner bell" effect of the acoustic tags could also mean that the conclusions reached by previous fish studies may not be correct. Now that the secret is out, scientists will have to come up with another way to conduct their studies -- one that is not detectable by the crafty marine animals. What is implied about the ten young grey seals?
|
[
"They have acoustic tags attached to them.",
"They have better hearing than normal seals.",
"They have been trained to recognize acoustic tags.",
"They were not born in the ocean."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The government of prefix = st1 /Norwayis planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to present all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the world's food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other possible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the NorwegianislandofSpitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the northernmost position on earth. An international group called the Global Crop Diversity Trust is working on the project. The director of the group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if, in his word, "the worst came to the worst". Norwayis expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three million dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandstone mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above 0oC. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security door. The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will come from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space each winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eighteen degrees below 0oC. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced. Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the world's most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used when all other seeds are gone for some reason. Norwayfirst proposed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was meeting inRomeof the Food and Agriculture Organization. We can infer from the text that _ .
|
[
"People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every year",
"The storage center will greatly promote world agriculture",
"Norway had meant to build the storage centre about 20 years before",
"There haven't been any seed storage centres in the world before"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a bat that moved 40kilometers in 10hours",
"a bat that moved 225kilometers in 10hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
We gather a great deal of incidental knowledge from pets.If we look after them properly we learn what they like and dislike. We do not set out to gain this knowledge purposely, but in attending to our pets we gain it by the way. It is got without our realizing it. In keeping our dogs or cats we learn about various diseases that can affect them,and the cures for these diseases.We learn how much sleep they need and what kind of food keeps them healthy. In looking after our fish we learn about the composition of water.We get to know what kinds of fish can live peacefully together and what kinds are hostile to each other.We learn that animal,fish and birds have a lot of things in common with human beings. If children keep pets their general education is helped by this kind of incidental knowledge.One little incident after another in which their pets are involved adds to their store of learning.It is a more interesting form of learning than that given in the biology lesson in school.People who keep pets should have a sense of responsibility towards them.Children,too,should be taught to be responsible.Pets are completely dependent on their owners and the owners should respond to this dependence by looking after them.Irresponsible behavior towards pets is a form of cruelty. In deciding to keep a pet we take on a task,we make ourselves responsible for providing proper food and shelter for the pet.In a crowded city like Hong Kong, where there is so little room for the exercise required by large pets,we should think _ before undertaking the responsibility of keeping one. In keeping pets,responsibility means _ .
|
[
"depending on them",
"taking care of them",
"writing to them",
"teaching them"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Escaping from a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save a life. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, for example, you can use stairways, roofs and fire escapes, but no lifts. From the lower floors of buildings, to escape through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving by a window with the least chance of serious injury. The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average person, hanging from the window by the fingertips will have a drop of about six feet to the ground--about the height of an average man. Of course, _ Windows are also useful while you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed, before opening the window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low next to the window to be sure you get fresh air. On the second or third floor, the best windows to escape from are those which open onto a roof . From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. According to the passage, windows are _ .
|
[
"of no use when a fire breaks out",
"useful in putting out a fire",
"the only way of escaping a fire",
"one of the possible ways of escaping a fire"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement describes the ladybug's motion?
|
[
"The ladybug has a constant velocity.",
"The ladybug is accelerating."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
DNA is the whole "map" of the human body. It is something that all human have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own. People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things called "genes" in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are really messages. They're written in the DNA with a special language. In 1961, another two scientists found the first "word" that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one "word" means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do. Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more "words" and and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs. How can we help sick people if we understand more "words" in the DNA map?
|
[
"Make better medicine.",
"Make they get jobs.",
"Make maps for them.",
"Make them attractive."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse , but let it pass instead. You know that to take the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is "in", fat is "out". It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the only reason for America's fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. From the passage we can infer taboo is _ .
|
[
"a strong desire to do something strange or terrible",
"a crime committed on impulse",
"behavior considered unacceptable in society's eyes",
"an unfavorable impression left on other people"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Hermes's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?
|
[
"a black coat",
"a spotted coat"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Over two hundred years ago, Adam Smith introduced some ideas which brought about a world revolution.If we enjoy a high standard of living in modem society, we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher.If we enjoy driving in beautiful cars, wearing fashionable shoes, or flying away to distant places for exciting holidays, we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible. What was Adam Smith's contribution? Like so many ideas which have surprising effects, his was a simple one.He watched workers practicing their craft of pi11 making.One man would heat the strip of metal, stretch it out, cut off a suitable length, shape it, cool it and finally smooth and shine it.Smith drew attention to the advantages which could be gained if these various tasks were performed by different workers.Let one be responsible for preparing the metal.Another for stretching and cutting.Another for shaping.Another for finishing.He described the technique as the Division of Labor; in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again.Smith made the world believe that specialization could solve the problem of poverty and want. What was the result? The Industrial Revolution.Productivity was greatly increased.For Britain, where the revolution started, there was a prosperity which made it the richest country in the nineteenth century.British trains and railway lines spread out like a spider's web across the world.British ships were used to carry the new goods from one comer of the world to another. The revolution is not over.It is still with us, but now it is a worldwide phenomenon .Everywhere, factories are producing large numbers of similar products, and are in continuous production.What were called mass - production lines yesterday are called robotic productions today.The pace of change is increasing.And if these techniques have brought us prosperity, they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns, boring jobs and, most of all, unemployment. Which of the following is true according to the text?
|
[
"The Division of Labor makes work more interesting.",
"Adam Smith insisted that each worker be better paid.",
"Specialization could solve the problem of unemployment.",
"Adam Smith put forward the idea of the Division of Labor."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Where Sarah lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.
|
[
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
We have a real crisis in this country in the basic understanding of science. It affects our global competitiveness as a country, our national security, and the effectiveness of our social system. The misunderstanding about science is blinding our eyes. We know that an awful lot of teachers who are teaching science today have not been properly empowered to do so. School frequently isn't testing whether you understand something but whether you're familiar with it. What's Newton's second law? You say F=ma, and you get an A. That does not reflect a deep understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Science education is not just a body of facts; it's a process. To present it with appeal and excitement you need to picture it as a detective story--asking questions, making observations, and collecting evidence. You test and you fail but, you know, failure can lead to discovery. Another challenge we face is that science is often viewed as too hard, for experts only. But I don't actually think it's that difficult. People see science every day. They look outside and see weather and nature. They push a button in their house and the lights go on. Everybody's dealing with science every day. They just don't call it that. And it's important they do. In fact, science is determining the quality and outcomes of their life. Science needs creativity. And one of the best ways to be creative is to think "out of the box". However, we need more courage when we come to practice. Take me for example. Very early in my teens I decided to educate myself. I realized I would never be a very good student because I didn't like teachers judging me by what I thought were arbitrary standards. I decided I'd let the world judge me by whether I could do something of value--solve a problem or build something. That's why I quit school early and risked everything to start a company. I risked everything I had because I had nothing to lose. I'd rather fail at trying to do something really big than succeed at being medium. "When's the right age to think creatively?" you may ask. I'd say in the womb ! Kids don't have anxieties about trying to avoid failure. They are full of imagination and much more willing to fail. Just watch a 3-year-old. They touch everything, and if it hurts they don't touch it again. They learn everything at a breathtaking rate. Start to think out of the box as early as you can, because it's more likely to take you to places that you can't predict, schedule and budget for. Do all that when you can bear the insecurity. The author believes that they actually have a problem in _ .
|
[
"the understanding of science",
"the security of his nation",
"the global competitiveness",
"the present social system"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An out-of-body experience? It's just your brain playing tricks on you. Some report feeling as if they are floating above their own bodies, while others find themselves drawn towards a blinding light. But out-of-body experiences are nothing more than a trick of the mind, scientists claim. They say that common spooky scenarios, such as floating above a hospital bed or walking towards the light at the end of a tunnel, can be explained by the brain trying to make sense of the process of death. Scientists from the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge reviewed studies into changes in the brain that cause certain strong feelings associated with near-death experiences. Researcher Caroline Watt said one common vision -- that of people seeing a bright light which seems to be drawing them into the afterlife -- is probably produced by the death of the cells we use to process the light picked up by our eyes and turn it into pictures. "It is simply your brain trying to make sense of the unusual experiences you are having," Dr Watt said. Feelings of being out of the body can also be explained by the brain's behavior, the journal Trends in Cognitive Science reports. "If you put on a virtual reality headset showing an image of yourself three feet in front, you can trick your brain into thinking that is you over there, and get the sense you are outside your body," Dr Watt added. The scientific evidence suggests that all aspects of the near-death experience have a biological basis. In another example, the hormone noradrenalin, which is released when we suffer from stress and injuries, could be behind the feelings of love and peace that many experience when they seem to be approaching death. However, other scientists say we should not be so quick to dismiss (stop considering) people's accounts (descriptions). Sam Parnia, of the University of Southampton, stressed that being able to trace something back to the brain does not mean it is not real. Dr Parnia, who is close to completing a three-year study of hospital patients' recollections of their near-death experiences, said, "Every experience, whether near-death or otherwise -- such as depression, happiness and love -- is mediated by the brain." According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"Sam Parnia doesn't think that people's near-death experiences are real.",
"Sam Parnia hasn't finished the study of people's near-death experiences.",
"The causes of near-death experiences and other feelings are different.",
"It's impossible to know the causes of people's near-death experiences."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The creative projects of World Food Program (WFP) focused on preventing hunger from taking hold in the future and breaking the cycle of hunger. Here are some of the ways in which we work to prevent hunger in the future: School Meals As well as directly addressing hunger, School Meals projects encourage families to keep their children in school and help them build better futures. If children aren't hungry they will concentrate on their lessons. With a solid education growing children have a better chance of finding their own way out of hunger. These projects benefit girls especially. For more information: www.wfp.org/schools meals. Food for Assets WFP's Food for Assets projects provide the hungry with food to lay the foundation for a better tomorrow. When poor farmers no longer have to worry about the next meal, they have the time and energy to build irrigation systems that can increase production. Similarly, Food for Training projects allow the poor to devote time to learning skills that will sustain them economically in the future. For more information: www.wfp.org/food-assets. HIV/AIDS WFP uses its food rations to reduce the blow of HIV and AIDS. The agency distributes its rations to people living with HIV and AIDS, so they can keep providing for their families for longer and have time to transfer vital knowledge and skills to the growing number of AIDS children--the next generation of food providers in developing countries. For more information: www.wfp.org/hiv-aids. Purchase for Progress WFP buys large amounts of food in developing countries. It has this purchasing power and uses it to help poor farmers contact reliable markets where they can get competitive prices for their produce. With secure markets, farmers will be encouraged to produce more and innovate .The knock-on effect is producing more food for everyone. For more information: www.wfp.ofp/purchase-progress. By buying large amounts of food in developing countries, WFP aims to _ .
|
[
"help farmers to increase their income",
"encourage farmers to produce more food",
"introduce new ways of farming to farmers",
"motive farmers to plant different kind of crops."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.
|
[
"Salmon lay eggs with no shells at the bottom of freshwater streams. Salmon use their powerful fins to swim. They can even jump up small waterfalls!",
"Red salamanders do not have lungs! They can breathe through their moist, smooth skin. Adult red salamanders live near rivers or ponds. They lay eggs with no shells under rocks or logs. The baby red salamanders live underwater."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
One important attraction of walking is its long-lasting appeal. Whereas jogging and aerobic dancing can _ quickly, walking provides a popular activity that seems to endure. Fitness foundations estimate that 35 million adult Americans walk for exercise every day, with at least 15 million walking two or three times a week. Among the most regular walkers are those 65 years and older--evidence that walking is an exercise that lasts. In addition to its many physical benefits, walking, like other physical activities, has a comforting effect on the psyche. Walking can help you to think more clearly and feel more relaxed. It also can be a sociable activity. An early morning walk around the neighborhood provides an opportunity to chat with friends or simply admire the flowers. Or because it does not require a team or even a partner, walking is something you can do on your own time, by yourself, whenever the mood strikes. Easily affordable, all you need to start walking is enthusiasm and a pair of comfortable and sturdy low-heeled shoes. Dr.ChristineL. Wells recommends an Oxford-style shoe with ties for better foot support; she does not recommend sneakers or other "cheapies". If you plan to walk regularly, you might want to invest in a pair of so-called walking shoes. If so, expect to spend at least $35. For walking during the hotter months, early morning or evening hours are best. Clothes should fit loosely and be lightweight and light-colored. Elderly walkers should consider wearing long sleeves, and all Arizonans need to be particularly concerned about skin cancer. Dr. Wells suggests wearing sunscreen as well as a side-brimmed hat to protect your eyes, ears, nose and back of the neck. Walkers also should drink an adequate amount of water. Wells advises drinking an 8-ounce glass of water before you start out, and more when you return. "If you walk four miles or more a day in Arizona, I also recommend that you carry a water bottle," she says. " And water is just fine; you don't need those fluid-replacement or electrolyte drinks." Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of walking?
|
[
"It improves one's appetite.",
"It's an inexpensive exercise",
"It helps to comfort the mind.",
"it can be an individual or social activity"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the primary function of skin cells?
|
[
"to deliver messages to the brain",
"to generate movement of muscles",
"to provide a physical barrier to the body",
"to produce carbohydrates for energy"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Splash's genotype for the iridescent scales gene?
|
[
"ii",
"mostly plain scales"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase?
|
[
"nitrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"carbon monoxide",
"hydrogen"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At East China University of Science and Technology,students will get a coupon if they eat up their food.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers. "It's been such a surprise," said Liang Zahaoyun, 19, a student at the university in Shanghai. "It has given us one more motivation to finish our food. " The measure is part of a national "eat-up" campaign which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses . Why only on campuses, you might ask? Because according to a report by Xinhna News Agency,students waste twice as much food as the national average . The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country. "The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle," said Tao Siliang, secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University. But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it. "I'm glad that we've reduced food waste since the 'eat-up' campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses." said Tao. The "eat-up" campaign is carried out on campuses because _ .
|
[
"students get a good education",
"schools offer small gifts",
"students waste too much food",
"school food is more delicious"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the near future, all housework will be done without having a robot maid. Smart home technology will allow all sorts of electronics and appliances to be able to communicate with each other and perform various tasks. Whenever someone wants to have a snack, but does not feel like making something, why not have the refrigerator suggest something based on what it has inside of it. Not only that, it would communicate with the microwave to prepare the cooking power and time for that particular dish. Nearly all major appliances in the future will take advantage of this technology through home networks and the Internet. Smart home technology is a way for ordinary electronics and appliances to communicate with each other, consumers, and even manufacturers. Many consider a smart home to be one that is networked. Others feel it is a home that has appliances that will allow the consumer to do little or no work, but a smart home really is all of that combined, and more. Not only will all consumer products be networked, but they will also make life easier and more entertaining. Smart home technology is currently being developed and carried out for all rooms in the house, in particular the kitchen and the living room. Many of today's products are becoming "smart." Kitchen refrigerators, microwaves, and stoves are using this technology. Even washers and dryers have the technology today to be more automated to fit people's needs. Products in the bathroom will even start to use smart home technology. Electric razors, toilets, and showers will have some sort of automation built in. Smart home technology is still in its early stages but will soon make a great effect on everyone's lives. In order to take advantage of smart home technology, people _ .
|
[
"only need ordinary electronics and appliances",
"have to buy consumer products from a special manufacturer",
"have to buy their appliances on the Internet",
"make their electronics and appliances smart first"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Turn on the radio. A program will come out from a broadcasting station miles and miles away. We know that sounds and music themselves couldn't travel that distance through space .There must be something that brings the program from the station. But what is this silent carrier ( ) ? This is known as radio waves. However, we can't see them or even hear them. In fact, nobody knows exactly what they are. Nevertheless( ) ,we know that they are made by electricity . At the broadcasting station, people talk, sing, play musical instruments or make many other sounds. These sounds are changed into electricity. Then from the broadcasting aerial of a tall tower , electricity sends out radio waves which travel in all directions .And some of them reach your radio aerial. What happens next is a magical thing. The radio waves start an electric current ( ) in your aerial like the one that was first made in the broadcasting station . Finally, the loudspeaker in your radio set changes the electricity into sound .Therefore, you hear the program. ,. When you turn on the radio _ .
|
[
"you can see a program",
"you can hear a program",
"a picture will appear",
"you can feel the electric current."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Dangers of Dieting Thanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don't fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health. Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.[:**] Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person's body doesn't get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy. One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates . A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss. Veteran dieters may well ask at this point, "What is the ideal diet?" Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor's supervision. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?
|
[
"They have kidney failure.",
"They gain the weight back again.",
"They keep the weight off.",
"They have less muscle."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The items listed below were found in a science classroom. * a heart made of plastic with many of its parts labeled * clay formed to look like Earth and other planets * a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of
|
[
"models",
"experiments",
"variables",
"controls"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement. Assume that Logan's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between Logan and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit.
|
[
"increased",
"decreased",
"stayed the same"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Do you often talk with your parents? Here is some advice on how to talk with them. Try to start your talk with something fun. This will make talking easier. For example, ask them questions about their day. How is work? They love this. Make it clear what you want to tell your parents. If they have an opinion, let them finish and don't stop their talking. Ask them to do the same for you. Show them respect by listening to them carefully. Look at them in the eye. Be honest. Honesty builds trust. Life is good when your parents trust you. If your parents don't understand, that's OK. It doesn't mean that they don't love you. Sometimes you have to explain the things to them again. When you finish the talk, thank them for listening. Say something like "Thanks, that helps." It will let them know that is important to you and make them want to do it more often. When you finish the talk, you should _ your parents for listening.
|
[
"say goodbye to",
"thank",
"say sorry to",
"ask"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of an eyedropper?
|
[
"9 milliliters",
"9 liters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which is likely to catch airborne water vapor on its sides?
|
[
"jail cells",
"sunlight",
"a hot drink",
"a cold drink"
] | 3D
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using tablet computers like Apple's iPad and Samsung's Galaxy Note just before bed can lead to a poor night's sleep, according to research. More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, check Facebook or email before switching off the light. But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting a good night's sleep. That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime. Blue light suppresses production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall sleep. This is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful during daylight hours. By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not reduce melatonin production, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending. Neurologists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep. Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours "leads to a suppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation at short wavelengths" - in other words, they emit bluer light. They say: "Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommended that if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that the time spent on them before bed should be limited." They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they had spent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours. Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after the volunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles, which cut out the blue light. They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could "tune the spectral power distribution of self-luminous devices " so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less. It is not just a good night's sleep that could be jeopardized by too much late night screen time. Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk of obesity, and even breast cancer. However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic sleep disruption, such as long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns. Based on their findings, researchers have made the following suggestions except that _ .
|
[
"Devices like iPads should be turned off at night.",
"Tablet makers should make improvements in devices.",
"Users should view iPads at full brightness instead of wearing orange glass goggles.",
"The time spent on screen before bed should be controlled."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Body language is a very powerful tool of communication, not only between people but in the animal world as well. In many instances, we produce idioms (,)which are all understandable by borrowing examples from animal communication. For example, we know that a frightened cat will arch its back high in rigid curve . From this starting-point we might hear the expression, "He gets my back up!" meaning "He makes me angry." In the same manner, we know that many animals, if challenged by attackers, will not turn and run away because this will encourage the attacker to attack them more forcefully. Instead, they will move backwards slowly to get out of harm's way, always still facing their attacker.We call this action " _ " and it can be used just as well with humans as with animals. In the case of humans, however, the back-off may not be physical but oral, as in using a kinder tone of voice and gentler words instead of fighting against the attackers. What most probably can we get from animals' body language?
|
[
"Grammar",
"Idioms",
"Vocabulary",
"Communication"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Forests have been cut and burned so that the land can be used to raise crops. Which consequence does this activity have on the atmosphere of Earth?
|
[
"It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide production.",
"It reduces the production of oxygen.",
"It decreases the greenhouse effect.",
"It decreases pollutants in the air."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Imagine you're at a party full of strangers. You're nervous. Who are these people? How do you start a conversation? Fortunately, you've got a thing that sends out energy at tiny chips in everyone's name tag . The chips send back name, job, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple. This hasn't quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology. An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed in a product, under your pet's skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device ,that sends out energy (for example, radio waves)that starts up the tag immediately. Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated. Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on the road and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient's medical records. At a nightclub in Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person) section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm. Take a step back: 10 or 12 years ago, you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surface: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The concept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler. RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. "The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly," predicts Dr.J.Reich. Human right supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it. And how many beers accompanied by how many biscuits. When Marconi invented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication. Not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologies will be used in the future. Here's a wild guess: Not for buying milk. Why are some people worried about RFID technology?
|
[
"Because children will be tracked by strangers.",
"Because market competition will become fiercer.",
"Because their private lives will be greatly affected.",
"Because customers will be forced to buy more products."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The advantages of Eating Fruits & Vegetables Vegetables and fruit are good for your health because of a lot of vitamins, nutrients and fiber in them. Fruits and vegetables are regarded as a healthy diet without adding chemicals or additives for carrying or storing foods. The United States Department of Agriculture suggests eating plenty of fruits and vegetables every day to get the advantages of eating a healthy diet. Disease Prevention The United States Department of Agriculture tells that eating fruits and vegetables helps fight strokes, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Because of the potassium in fruits and vegetables, they can prevent the risk of developing kidney stones. The fiber in fruits and vegetables helps the body fight against coronary heart disease. Idea Health Since fruits and vegetables add to a balanced and healthy diet, eating these will help you with your idea. The vitamins in fruits and vegetables helps fight depress , according to the Mental Health Foundation. Vitamin B and folic acid found in some vegetables and bananas help you to relax. Eating fruits and vegetables can also help improve memory. Healthy Weight Eating fruits and vegetables helps you have a healthy weight. Fruits and vegetables naturally include less energy than other foods, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The fiber and water in the fruits and vegetables make you feel that you are full, so you will not feel that you have to eat more food. According to the passage, eating plenty of vegetables and fruit can't _ .
|
[
"prevent disease",
"improve memory",
"help you have a healthy weight",
"let you want to eat more food"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Coupons to spend "How did you spend your coupons?" On their first day back to school, many students in Hangzhou greeted each other this way. The coupons referred to the 100 yuan coupons each student received form the city government before the Spring Festival holidays. Over 260,000 primary school and middle school students were given coupons. They could use them in local stores and supermarkets, or to see movies and buy books. The same coupons have also been given to low income families in Hangzhou. Other cities, including Chengdu and Nanjing, also gave coupons to their citizens. More cities are expected to follow their lead. Why are local governments doing this? These programmes are all part of a broader effort in China to increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis. The crisis has seriously affected China's exports and investments . Many factories in southern cities have been closed down. Some companies are laying off workers or reducing their pay. The stock market and real estate market have been falling. In a time of financial crisis, people usually respond by saving money. They are uncertain about the future and are afraid that more difficult times may be ahead. Now many people are choosing not to spend money carelessly. Major chain stores have seen a sharp slowdown in sales, analysts say. But spending keeps an economy healthy. If people don't spend, there will be too many products in the market. Then shops will stop buying products from factories. When factories receive no orders, they close down. The workers there accordingly lose their jobs. Also, if people don't spend, the service industry suffers. The total result is that the whole economy breaks down. Issuing coupons is a practical and effective way to increase domestic demand in the current situation, said Jiang Zengwei, vice-minister of China's Ministry of Commerce. Hangzhou reported a rise in customers in local markets during Spring Festival holiday. However, issuing coupons is only a temporary measure. To increase consumers' confidence, the government needs to establish a sound secure social system in the long term. When people don't have to worry about education, health care and their pension, they will be more willing to spend instead of saving. What is NOT the influence that the global financial crisis has brought us?
|
[
"China's exports and investments have been seriously affected.",
"People begin to spend money without a second thought.",
"Workers are faced with losing jobs and the reduction of the salaries.",
"The active stock market and real estate market have gone."
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"atlas moth",
"toucan"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How to Study Smarter, Not Harder Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder: Recite As You Study Reciting--saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening. It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding. Take Fuller Notes Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words. Study the Middle The best time to review is soon after you've learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review. Sleep On It Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It's easier to remember material you've just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you've fallen asleep. Combine Memory and Understanding There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote. Ideas are best learned by understanding. The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again. The writer advises you to _ as it is easier for you to remember material.
|
[
"study after a period of activity",
"do some exercise after studying",
"study as soon as you get up",
"study before going to sleep"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How do moose use a learned behavior to protect themselves?
|
[
"They have hollow hair to keep warm in the winter.",
"They roll in a pool of muddy water to avoid fly bites.",
"They have keen hearing to sense danger in the forest.",
"They use their wide hooves to prevent sinking in deep snow."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A farm planted levels or floors is called a vertical farm. A skyscraper type building can house a vertical farm. Since the garden is built upwards,rather than outwards,it requires much less space than a conventional farm. The world is quickly running out of room for conventional farming. Vertical farms could be a key to this situation. An 18story vertical farm could feed as many as 50,000 people,all in an area which is the size of the average city block. Vertical farms in the city could cut down on transportation costs as well. Think about the amount of fuel it takes to transport food from farmland to city. The resources saved would be surprising. Besides saving travel time,food would be delivered in fresher condition and with less damage. There is a growing concern about the use of pesticides in agriculture today. But the vertical farm would be a greenhouse type environment, avoiding the need for a large number of pesticides. Vertical farms can be built in a contained space,therefore they are an excellent solution for living well in an environment far different from our own. Hydroponics could be a big part of vertical gardening. This would reduce the amount of soil needed to grow food. Of course,not all food does well with this type of planting,but there are many crops that actually seem to do better. In some climates,a lack of sunlight creates a short growing season. The solar power option may not work as well here. The addition of grow lights would make it possible to grow crops in vertical gardens in these areas .In other words,we could grow crops in areas where we never could before. Vertical farms may just be a concept for now,but they are a concept that will solve many of our problems in the future. Compared to the conventional farm, the vertical farm can _ .
|
[
"depend far less on sunlight",
"greatly increase the use of soil",
"help to protect the limited gardens",
"reduce the use of harmful pesticides"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new University of Graz study concludes that vegetarians are more often ill and have a lower quality of living than meat-eaters. According to the German press release, vegetarians "have cancer and heart attacks more often". The release also says that they show more psychological disorders than meat eaters. Consequently, the report writes, they are a greater burden on the health care system. According to the press release the scientists evaluated data from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (AT-HIS), which is also part of an important and valuable EU survey (European Health Interview Survey). The scientists examined a total of 1320 persons who were divided up into 4 groups . All groups were comparable with respect to gender, age, and socio-economic status. The study also accounted for smoking and physical activity. Also the BMI was within the normal range for all four groups. The only thing that really was different among the four groups was the diet. The four groups were: vegetarians, meat-eaters with lots of fruit and veggies, little meat-eaters and big meat-eaters. The press release states that the results contradict _ that meat-free diets are healthier. Vegetarians have twice as many allergies as big meat-eaters, and they showed 166% higher cancer rates . Moreover, the scientists found that vegans had a 150% higher rate of heart attacks. In total the scientists looked at 18 different chronic illnesses. Compared to the big meat-eaters, vegetarians were hit harder in 14 of the 18 illnesses. In the analysis, the University of Graz found that vegetarians were also twice as likely to suffer for anxiety or depressions than big meat-eaters. That result was confirmed by the University of Hildesheim, which found that vegetarians suffered significantly more from depressions, anxiety, psychosomatic complaints and eating disorders. The University of Graz scientists also found that vegetarians are impacted more by ilnessses and visit the doctor more frequently. Big meat-eaters were also found to have a "significantly better quality of life in all categories", the study found. The four categories examined were: physical and psychological health, social relationships and environment-related life quality. What was the difference between the four groups in the experiment?
|
[
"Gender, age and socio-economic status.",
"Smoking and physical activity.",
"Diet.",
"BMI."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Green tea is believed to have originated in China thousands of years ago, where it was recognized for its health benefits. And scientists continue to probenew uses for it. Some studies suggest it can help protect against cancer. Thanks to the health food craze, green tea sales are currently rising sharply. The Tea Association of the USA reports that green tea sales jumped more than 60 percent in the last decade. And in Canada, government data shows that profits for green tea imports more than quadrupled . Nowadays, green tea seems to be everywhere. In shops, you can buy green tea leaves prepared in a number of ways: fried, powdered or steamed. Despite green tea's healthy reputation, the drink was once considered dangerous. Where did this silly opinion come from? Blame the Victorians, of course, who lived in a period of English history in the 19th century. That's when some of the silliest theories about green tea arose. One 1882 book described strange experiments to show the harm of green tea. Apply some green tea below a frog's stomach, and you could cause paralysis in its legs, the book claimed. And injecting green tea into a dog would cause it to lose control of its legs and tail. The book went so far as to declare that green tea could kill someone. At that time, a green tea panic was sweeping England. Even Charlotte Bronte, a famous English writer, refused to touch the drink, fearing its terrible effects it would have on her nerves. Some of the fear was well reasonable, though. English consumers preferred brighter leaves, over dull olive- color1ed ones. As a result, tea sellers would dye their products, using anything including poisons like "Prussian blue". Even today, mixing green tea with chemicals remains a problem. But those rare instances aren't stopping Westerners from raising their pinky fingers in salute to green tea and all its nutritional advantages. Bottoms up! What's the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Green tea sales",
"Green tea panics",
"Green tea, from poison to affection",
"Chemicals, a problem of green tea"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of sound. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race. If you stand some distance away from the starter, you can see smoke from his gun before the sound reaches your ears. This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light rays left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far away that the light that you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million km. per minute. In some cases, the light from one of tonight's stars had started on its journey to you before you were born. Thus, if we want to be honest, we can't say, "The stars are shining tonight." We have to say instead, "The stars look pretty. They were shining four years ago, but their light has only just reached the earth." The scientific way of saying "The stars are shining tonight" should be _ .
|
[
"the stars have been shining all the time",
"the stars seen tonight will shine four years later",
"the stars were shining long ago but seen tonight",
"the starlight seen today could be seen four years ago"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
New York City plans to put a ban on the sale of large sodas and other sugary drinks at restaurants, movie theaters and street carts, in an effort to fight rising obesity. The ban would affect almost all the popular sugary drinks found in fast-food restaurants and even sports centers, from energy drinks to pre-sweetened iced teas. The sale of any cup or bottle of sweetened drink larger than 16 ounces would be forbidden under the first-in-the- nation plan. The measure would not apply to diet sodas, fruit juices, zero-calorie Vitamin Waters, dairy-based drinks like milkshakes , or alcoholic drinks; it would not expand to drinks sold in grocery stores or convenience stores. Stefan Friedman, spokesman for the New York City Beverage Association, criticized the city's plan, saying it turns focus away from the hard work that needs to be done on this front. Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, said he believes the ban would be effective. "It is not right to put all the blame for obesity on sugar drinks, but they are strongly connected with this rise in obesity over the last 30 years." Dr. Farley, the health commissioner, said the city had seen higher obesity rates in neighborhoods where soda consumption was more common. City officials said they believe it will finally prove popular and push governments around the U.S. to follow similar rules. Mr. Bloomberg has introduced a series of rules in his term of office, including bans on smoking in restaurants and parks, a ban on trans fat in restaurant food and a requirement for health inspection grades to be posted in restaurant windows. Because of the measures, the mayor was laughed at as Nanny Bloomberg, by those who view the bans as threats to personal freedom. But many of the measures adopted in New York have become models for other cities, including bans on smoking and trans fat, as well as the use of graphic advertising to fight smoking and soda consumption, and the demand that restaurants post calories contents next to prices. What's the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Sugar drinks are related to rise in obesity.",
"Obesity is a big problem in New York City.",
"It's unfair to put all the blame on sugar drinks.",
"New York plans to ban sale of big sizes of sugary drinks."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why do men die earlier than women? The latest research shows that the reason could be that men's hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age. The largest study of the effects of aging on the heart has found that women's longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age. "We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age," "Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the ages of 20 and 70 , one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men," . What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. "This gender difference might just explain why women live longer than men," said Goldspink. The team has yet to find why aging takes a greater toll on the male heart, said Goldspink.. The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. The passage mainly talks about _ .
|
[
"men's heart cells",
"women's ageing process",
"the gender difference",
"hearts and long life"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A couple had a son eleven years after they married. They were a loving couple and the boy was _ . When the boy was around four years old, one day the father was very tired after work so he asked his wife to pick up their son. The mother, who was very busy in the kitchen, totally forgot about it. Later the boy lost his way on the street. When the son was found missing, the mother hurried to look for him, but she didn't find him. The mother felt very sad and didn't know how to face her husband. When the father went to the police station after hearing that the son was missing, he looked at his wife and said just four words. What do you think the four words were? The husband just said "I love you, darling." www.zxxk.com The son was missing. If she had picked him up earlier, this would not have happened. There is no point in blaming anyone. His wife had also lost her only child. What his wife needed at that moment was comfort and understanding from her husband. That is what the husband gave his wife. Several weeks later, with the help of the police, the couple finally found their lost son. The family's relationship became stronger over that time. Sometimes we spend lots of time asking who is to blame. We miss many chances to give each other support and let each other feel the warmth of human relationships. Get rid of all your unwillingness to forgive, selfishness, and fears and you will find the world is much more wonderful. What do you think of the husband?
|
[
"Warm-hearted.",
"Careful.",
"Hard-working.",
"Broad-minded."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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