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Ask anyone what is the most difficult part of changing their lifestyle habits and they are most likely to say, "Staying motivated." But a 36-year-old professor from Carnegie Mellon University claims it may have the answer in the form of robot weight loss coach that dishes out daily health advice and encouragement. Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata, a company based in Sha Tin which claims to be a pioneer in commercial socially-interactive robots. The robot, which stands around 38 centimeters tall, has a head that swivels , blue eyes, and a touch screen which allows the user to input information daily about exercise and diet Its creators say Autom will have a daily conversation with its user lasting up to five minutes, giving feedback and encouragement.Over time, it will interact more with the user as it gathers more information about them. Cory Krdd, a research team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency claims research has shown that people find robots a more reliable source of information than on-screen-based character. In a controlled study in Pittsburgh City Council, 15 dieters were given Autom for six weeks. Another 15 received a touch-screen computer with identical software and 15 were given a paper log.The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log. "While not one person among the computer or paper groups continued past six weeks, most who had Autom did not want to give her back at the conclusion of the study," he said. The bottom line is that a robot creates a more powerful and long-lasting relationship with the user than a character on the screen. Autom is expected to go on sale later this year in the United States for around $500.A robot which speaks and understands Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to English according to the demands is also being developed. What can we know about the controlled study?
|
[
"The study was led by Cory Kidd.",
"The subjects were divided by two.",
"Every person with Autom continued past six weeks.",
"People using Autom gain more benefits than other people."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread, English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast. Lunch comes at one o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is at about half past seven. First they have soup, and then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas, apples or oranges. But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper and all these meals are very simple. . Many English people eat _ meals a day..
|
[
"two",
"three",
"four",
"five"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A herd of wild horses has been decreasing in size rapidly. Which of these might be the cause?
|
[
"There has been a lot of rain",
"The month of July has arrived",
"Predators have moved out of the area",
"All of the vegetation has been dying"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The National Dark-Sky Week (NDSW) is a week during which people all over the United States turn off their lights to enjoy the beauty of the night sky without light pollution. This even was started by Jennifer Barlow of Midlothian, Virginia in 2003, and it is becoming more popular each year. It has been supported by the International Dark-Sky Association, the American Astronomical Society, and the Astronomical League. This even always occurs in April, during the week of the new moon so that the sky can be as dark as possible for the best viewing conditions. "It is my wish that people could see the night sky without other light in the sky as our ancestors saw it hundreds of years ago," explains Barlow. _ The main goal of NDSW is to increase awareness of the harmful effects of light pollution. It is not possible for all of the light pollution in this part of the world to disappear. However, it is possible to make a small difference in the quality of the night sky. Another goal of this even is to promote the use of better lighting systems that direct light toward the ground instead of up into the sky. Jennifer Barlow states, "The night sky is a gift of such beauty that it should not be polluted by wasted light. In this way, our children will not lose touch with the wonder of our universe." What is Jennifer Barlow's wish?
|
[
"That light would be directed up into the sky.",
"That the sky would always be as dark as possible.",
"That people could see the night sky without light pollution as our ancestors did.",
"That people could spend time enjoying the beauty of the sky every night."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My parents always raised me to have strong values and hold firm to my confidence in life, and this was never more proved than when a situation arose when it would be easy for most people to ignore it. A gentleman at my father's work smelled awful and neglected his behavior, and as the months went by, he showed signs of confusion. After being told to pick up papers at another building, he would be found sitting at his desk staring at his shoes; after being reminded (to which he would completely believe he hadn't been told the first time), he would be found once again sitting at his desk in the same position. This happened to worsening degrees over a few months and his coworkers either ignored it or were ignorant to this due to a lack of social association with the man. My father began to mentally record all of this and finally sat down with him one day when he was found two hours after work was out, sitting in his car, looking like he didn't know where to go. Apparently the gentleman was in the beginning/middle stages of Alzheimer's and there was someone who used his forgetfulness as a reason to ask him for money every few days. My father took this man to a hospital (for the first time in years) to be properly treated, and then got a caretaker to watch over his condition. He then went to the man's house and helped him sort out all of his financial matters and get his retirement set up; they went to the bank and had a government worker ensure that his bills would be paid for and his children would no longer get to treat him like a personal ATM. That my father took his much personal time to help another man that so many had forgotten or would choose to neglect, or even make fun of, truly shows his character. In the eyes of the author, his father is _ .
|
[
"hopeful",
"strict",
"stubborn",
"helpful"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Single people, especially women, are stigmatized in our society: We're all familiar with the image of a sad, lonely woman eating ice cream with her cats in her pajamas on Saturday night. But about 45 percent of US adults aren't married and around one in seven lives alone. This might be you. Research shows that young people's expectations about their marital status (e.g. the desire to be married by 30 and have kids by 32) have little or no relationship to what actually happens to people. So, go with the flow. And, if you're single, you're in good company. Single people spend more time with friends, volunteer more, and are more involved in their communities than married people. Never-married and divorced women are happier, on average, than married women. So, don't buy into the myth of the miserable singleton. If you do get married, keep going with the flow. Relationship satisfaction, financial security, and happy kids are more strongly related to flexibility in the face of life's challenges than any particular way of organizing families. The most functional families are ones that can bend. So partnering with someone who thinks that one partner should support their families and the other should take responsibility for the house and children is a recipe for disaster. So is being equally rigid about non-traditional divisions of labor. It's okay to have ideas about how to organize your family but your best bet for happiness is to be flexible. Buying a home is often taken for granted as a stage on the path to adulthood. But the ideal of universal home ownership was born in the 1950s. It's a rather new idea.With such a short history, it's funny that people often insist that buying a house is a fool-proof investment and the best way to secure retirement. In fact, buying a house may not be the best choice for you. The mortgage may be less than rent, but there are also taxes, insurance, and the increasingly common Home Owners Association (HOA) fees. You may someday sell the house for more than you bought it but, if you paid interest on a mortgage, you also paid far more than the sale price. You have freedom from a landlord, but may discover your HOA is just as controlling, or worse. And then there's the headache: renting relieves you from the stress of being responsible for repairs. It also offers a freedom of movement that you might cherish. So be wise and consider all your options. The passage mainly tells us _ .
|
[
"how to have a happy family",
"what's the life of American youth",
"what American youth should know for living a happy life",
"why American youth should be wise when making decisions"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Google Glass, a wearable computer, will not go on sale for many months. But the resistance is already under way. The glasses-like device, which allows users to access the Internet, take photos and shoot videos, has been banned by a bar in Seattle, because according to the bar' owner, the bar was "kind of a private place." Besides, large parts of Las Vegas will not welcome wearers. Google Glass is a pair of glasses with a tiny computer attached to the right earpiece and has the ability to capture any chance encounter and broadcast it to millions. As personal technology becomes increasingly invisible, it is causing questions of whether it will rob people of privacy. As Google sees it, Glass is a revolutionary new way to quickly and effortlessly connect people with information. Google stresses that Glass is a work in its early stage, with test versions now being released to 2,000 developers. The company hopes they'll be seen as normal and become accepted in the same way smart phones are. The wearer has to speak or touch the device to activate it, and must look directly at someone to take a photograph or video of them. "We are thinking very carefully about how we design Glass because new technology always raises new issues," said Courtney Hohne, a Google spokeswoman. Critics view Glass as an unfriendly new technology that could rob people of what few privacy they have left. They think Google is downplaying the privacy and security risks. According to Google, it's obvious when someone is taking pictures or recording a video on Glass. Developers, however, are pushing the limits. One created a small sensation in tech circles with a program that eliminated the need for gestures or voice commands. To snap a picture, all the user needed to do was wink . Imagine a surveillance device that you could wear on your body all day without anyone being the wiser. Out on the street, in the subway, at a bar or cafe, people would never know whether the stranger next to them is secretly recording their every move. It is really a privacy disaster. Which of the followings is the best title of this passage?
|
[
"The Disadvantages of Google Glass.",
"A New Way to Gain More Information.",
"Privacy Concerns of Google Glass.",
"A Revolutionary Technology."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene?
|
[
"Ll",
"fuzzy leaves"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more and more, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students get in the way of each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no interest in their studies, and drop out -often encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves--they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and does not explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot take in an army of untrained 18 year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer take in an army of trained 22-year-olds, either. Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. _ Perhaps college does not make people intelligent(clever), ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things--maybe it is just the other way round, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are only the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But opposite evidence is beginning to mount up. According to the passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"about half of the high school graduates continue their studies at school",
"college graduates are believed to be able to earn more money",
"administrators often encourage college students to drop out",
"more and more young people are found unfit for college."
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a hummingbird's beak?
|
[
"1 foot",
"1 mile",
"1 inch",
"1 yard"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you watch the sky for about an hour after the sun goes down , you may see some " moving stars". But they're not really stars. They're man--made satellites . And the biggest of all is the International Space Station(ISS). From May to July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth. And people can see it with their eyes. The ISS is the biggest satellite and scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there. When the space station is finished , it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built. The ISS is the most expensive space program. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be _ for future space exploration . "The ISS will help us understand the human body better, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better, " said Kathryn Clark , an ISS scientist. Sixteen countries are part of the program: the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil and 11 European countries. China isn't an ISS country , but it has helped with some of the experiments. In 2003 , China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it. ,. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"the ISS costs less than people expect",
"scientists can do anything they like there",
"the ISS can help us make life in the space better",
"sixteen countries are members of the space program"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's hard to track the blue whale, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the US Navy, they are able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days recording its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy's former top secret system of underwater listening devices across the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely observing a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they planned similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in the ocean and global temperatures. Different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient's chest to a doctor's ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles. The underwater listening system was originally designed _ .
|
[
"to trace and locate enemy ships",
"to observe deep sea volcanic eruptions",
"to study the movement of ocean currents",
"to replace the global radio communications network"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
butter melting on a hot day
sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Last year college students in America spent an estimated $700 on textbooks on average. The National Association of College Stores reported more than five billion dollars in sales of textbooks and course materials. The association spokesman Charles Schmidt says electronic textbooks now just make up 2%~3% of sales. But he says that is expected to reach 10%~15% by 2012. Online versions are now available for many of the most popular college textbooks. An etextbook can cost half the price of a new print textbook. But students usually lose access to them after the end of the term. And the books cannot be placed on more than one device ,so they are not easy to share. So what do students think of etextbooks?Administrators at Northwest Missouri State University wanted to find it out. Earlier this year they tested them with 500 students in 20 classes. The university is unusual. It provides laptop computers for all 7,000 of its fulltime students. It does not require students to buy their textbooks either. They rent them to save money. The school aims to save even more by moving to etextbooks. The students in the survey reported that downloading the books from the Internet was easy. They liked the idea of carrying lighter backpacks. And 56% said they were better able to find information. But most found that using etextbooks did not change their study habits. And 60% felt they read more when they were reading on paper. In all,almost half the students said they still liked physical textbooks better. But the survey found that cost could be a big influence.55% said they would choose etextbooks if using them meant their textbook rental fee would not increase. Roger Von Holzen heads the Center for Information Technology in Education at Northwest Missouri State University. He tells us that administrators are disappointed with the etextbooks now available because the majority are not interactive . He thinks growth will come when more digital books include video,activities,games and other ways to interact with the information. The technology is improving. But for now,most of the books are just words on a screen. How many surveyed students think paper books make better reading?
|
[
"60%.",
"56%.",
"55%.",
"50%."
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?
|
[
"Will the food ripen?",
"Will the food stay fresh?",
"Will the food harm humans?",
"Will the food harm bugs in the home?"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found. Researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks. Then they exposed the _ to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept track of who got sick. Besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as "sleep efficiency"--the percentage of time in bed that you're actually sleeping--were also less likely to get sick. The results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus. The researchers aren't exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do try to give an answer: "Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators that are released in response to infection." In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold. The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health. What's the best title of the passage?
|
[
"The Relationship Between Virus and Cold",
"How to Sleep Well",
"Good Sleep Helps Fight a Cold",
"The More the Sleep, the Better Your Body"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People are so busy these days that many people have no time to cook. This becomes a problem, because most families love home cooking. The food tastes good and warm, and a family meal brings everyone together. In some families, meals are often the only times everyone sees one another at the same time. Another reason people enjoy home cooking is that it is often a way of showing love. A parent who makes some cookies is not just satisfying a child's sweet tooth. She or he is sending a message. The message says, " I care about you enough to send an hour making cookies that you will eat up in 15 minutes if I let you." A parent spends an hour making cookies _ .
|
[
"justtosatisfyherorhischild'ssweettooth",
"onlytosendamessage",
"toletachildeatupin15minutes",
"oftentoshowherorhislove"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone, anywhere in the world without putting a stamp on it? With an e-mail you can just do that. Using computers you can send e-mails quickly and easily. The post is much slower than email. E-mail can send its messages to the other side of the world in seconds. E-mail is easy to use and it saves time and money. The different time and different parts of the world do not matter when you send an e-mail. It does not matter if your friends are in bed when you send an e-mail to them, or you are seeing a film at the cinema when they send an e-mail back. How long does it take to send an e-mail?
|
[
"Within seconds.",
"More than one hour.",
"A few days.",
"It depends on the distance."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A unique thermo-solar power station Germasolar in southern Spain can work even on cloudy days:energy stored when the sun shines lets it produce electricity even during the night. It is the first solar power station in the world that works 24 hours a day! This is how it works: the panels reflect the sun's rays onto the tower, transmitting energy 1,000 times stronger than that of the sun's rays reaching the earth. Energy is stored in tanks, and then steam is produced before finally turned into electricity. It is the station's capacity to store plenty of energy that makes Gemasolar so different because it allows the plant to transmit power during the night, relying on energy it has gained during the day. Helped by the generous state aid, renewable energies have enjoyed a boom in Spain, the world number two in solar energy and the biggest wind power producer in Europe, ahead of Germany. For the Gemasolar solar product, foreign investors helped too: Torresol Energy is a joint enterprise between the Spanish engineering group Sener, which holds 60 percent, and Abu Dhabi-financed renewable energy firm Masdar. This type of station is expensive, not because of the raw material we use, which is free solar energy, but because of the enormous investment these plants require. The investment cost is over 200 million euros ($ 260 million). But the day when the business has repaid that money to the banks (maybe, in 18 years, someone estimates), this station will become a 1,000-euro note printing machine! For now, the economic crisis has nevertheless cast a shadow over this kind of project: Spain is battling to cut its deficit as it slides into a difficult time and has cancelled aid to new renewable energy projects. What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Spain is building more energy projects.",
"The Spanish government will aid renewable energy projects.",
"The Spanish government ignores the development of this project.",
"Germasolar will make fortunes in the future."
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The structures found in a living cell can be compared to the parts of a factory that produces cars. Which part of the factory is most similar to the nucleus of a living cell?
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
An antifreeze is a liquid that is added to water to keep it from freezing. When water freezes and turns to ice, it expands. The force of water expanding is so great that it will break the hardest metal. Water is used in car engines to keep them cool while they run, and if this water is allowed to freeze in winter it can break the iron block of the engine. That is why antifreezes are necessary. Water freezes at the 0degC: the usual kind of antifreeze will not freeze until the temperature is 40degC below zero. A mixture of 5 parts of water and 4 parts of antifreeze will prevent freezing at 18degC below zero; 4 parts of water and 5 parts of antifreeze reduce this to 22degC below zero. Alcohol is a good antifreeze, but when the car is running it becomes hot and the alcohol boils away, so it must be replaced very often. Most people use antifreezes that do not boil away when the engine is running. There are several chemicals that do this. One of the most popular is called ethylene glycol , which is sold under various trade names such as Preston and Zerex. The text is written _ .
|
[
"to help to sell antifreezes",
"to explain what antifreezes are",
"to compare ethylene glycol with alcohol",
"to tell how to choose the best antifreeze"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the first thing you want to do when you see someone yawn ?You want to yawn, too! Yawning is _ Scientists have found that all people yawn. Babies start to yawn even before they are born. The earliest yawn takes place when a baby is still inside its mother. When young children are about one year old, they start to yawn when they see others yawning. That's why scientists seem to think yawning is contagious. It's no secret that yawning is contagious, but why do we yawn? Well, scientists are not really sure. Some think we yawn because we feel bored. Recently scientists studied two groups of students between the ages of 17 and 19. One group watched music videos, and the other watched a boring color test. Scientists compared the numbers of their yawns and found that the color test group yawned more times than the video group. Another reason for yawning has to do with breathing. Some scientists believe that when we are bored or tired, we breathe more slowly. As our breathing slows down, we cannot get rid of enough carbon dioxide, our bodies will tell the brains to breathe deeply. The result is a big yawn. In 2007, scientists suggested a new reason. They said that the reason why people yawned was to cool down their brains. These scientists found that people who were warmer than others yawned more often. Scientists are still trying to find out why yawning happens and why it is so contagious. But they are only sure that when one person yawns, almost everyone else nearby wants to yawn, too. According to the scientists, people start to yawn when they are _ .
|
[
"born",
"one year old",
"17 or 19 years old",
"inside their mothers"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Winston has naturally brown hair.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is the mass of a cement truck?
|
[
"21 tons",
"21 ounces",
"21 pounds"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
His name is James,but people call him Rocky.The name fits.He's big,over six feet tall,and he's tough when he needs to be.James "Rocky" Robinson lives and works in New York City's BedfordStuyvesant district,one of the poorest and most dangerous neighborhoods in the United States.Yet it is here in BedStuy that he is saving lives and reviving a community. In 1966,when Rocky was twentysix years old,his sevenyearold niece was struck by a car on the street of BedStuy.Had someone at the scene known first aid or CPR,she might have lived.But by the time she reached a hospital,she was dead. His niece's unnecessary death was one reason why Rocky became a paramedic .Working for the Emergency Medical Service of New York City,he realized that more than half the city's emergency calls came from highcrime areas.According to Rocky,residents of crimeplagued minority neighborhoods like BedStuy sometimes had to wait as long as 26 minutes after calling 911 for an ambulance while calls in richer white communities were answered _ . Rocky decided to find out more about the problem.His research showed that the richer communities had organized their own ambulance corps to improve city services because the city was overwhelmed with calls."If that's the key to success,"he told his friend and EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) colleague,Joe Perez,"we'll start our own corps in BedStuy!" In 1988,Rocky had no idea that he and Joe would be attempting to establish the first minorityrun ambulance service in the country,or just how creative he would have to be to overcome the difficulty.The pair's first challenge was to find a location for the headquarters.They took over an abandoned building that was commonly used by drug dealers.Because there was no electricity or running water (except for the leaks in the roof),the two men worked during daylight hours.They used a twoway radio to receive emergency calls. Although they could make do with their new headquarters,Rocky and Joe still lacked the most important component of an ambulance service:an ambulance.An old Chevrolet got them to the scenes of accidents,fires,shootings,and stabbings.But the car didn't always start.At times,they were forced to strap their trauma kits and oxygen tanks to their backs and run on foot to the emergencies.Everyone laughed,except the victims who were still alive when Rocky and Joe arrived. James' sevenyearold niece would have been saved if _ .
|
[
"she had been sent to a better hospital",
"she had got first aid and arrived in hospital earlier",
"James had been at the spot",
"emergency calls had been available in the area"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You don't know what you've got until it's gone. I've learned that through my personal experiences. A few months ago, I woke up deaf in one ear. I did not pay much attention to it at first. It felt that I had water in my ear. However, I began to hear less and less out of that ear. I even had to ask people to talk into my other ear so that I could hear them. I didn't realize how serious it was until late in the day . One evening, when I was sitting on my bed doing chemistry homework, I fell off my bed. When trying to get up, I was incredibly dizzy . I went to see a doctor and he told me that hearing loss was common. However, hearing loss is usually bilatera _ or occurs in both ears. He said that my hearing should come back within a week. After about a week the dizziness eventually went away, but the hearing loss did not. The medicine helped and I gained some of my hearing back. After many hearing tests, the doctor diagnosed that I had permanent hearing loss in that ear. School became harder for me because I couldn't hear my teachers. I was very depressed. Finally, I bought a hearing aid. With the hearing aid, my hearing is almost back to normal. It makes school and group conversations easier. My friends, teachers and even complete strangers always ask me questions about hearing loss. I answer them patiently. I never get offended because I know this is new to them. I am delighted that I can teach them something new. What I have learned from this particular situation is that when things are desperate(;), there is always something good that can come out of it. My experiences have given me an opportunity to teach people about hearing loss and also taught me about the value of hearing. The author fell off his bed when _ .
|
[
"getting up from bed",
"doing his homework",
"waking up from a dream",
"wearing his clothes"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever noticed how much the number twelve is used? A ruler that is a foot long has twelve inches. A yardstick has three times twelves inches, or thirty-six inches. On a canlender you will see twelve months in each year. A clock face is numbered from one to twelve for the hours. The time span from noon to midnight is twelve hours; from midnight to noon there are twelve more hours. Each day is two times twelve, or twenty-four hours long. We buy eggs by the dozen, which means twelve at once. Sometimes we buy other things by the dozen. The stores sell different things by the dozen. In a store you may have seen a dozen pencils held together by a paper wrapping or a dozen oranges in a sack. Stores also buy things in lots of twelve dozens, or by the gross(,12 ) . One gross consists of twelve dozens, or one hundred and forty-four items. An outside cover is a _ .
|
[
"bag",
"sack",
"number",
"wrapping"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A primary school in Wuhan has used new desks and chairs to prevent students from getting short sight. The desks and chairs make students have the correct posture, especially when reading and writing. Each desk has an adjustable steel bar. The bar can help students keep their eyes at least 30cm from books. Zhang Jianming is headmaster of the primary school. She said the new desks and chairs were provided by an eye care centre in the city. The school carried out a survey last September. It showed that about 7 percent of its 1,093 students said they suffered from short sight. The new desks and chairs have already improved the students' posture, but both teachers and students might need more time to get used to them. Yang Lihua is head of the Wuhan Youth Eye Care Center. She said the desks and chairs were introduced to 19 schools on a trial basis. "During our research into short sight, we noticed that the number of students with short sight was increasing. This is because parents are teaching their children to read and write at a very early age without paying enough attention to their posture," she said. Feng Junying is a doctor at Beijing Jingshan School. "I think the new desks and chairs in Wuhan will certainly be helpful," she said. "But bad reading habits at school are not the only reason for short sight. Children are using mobile phones and iPads when they are very young. This can be another reason for short sight at a young age." The schools in Wuhan introduced the desks with bars to the primary school students in order to _ .
|
[
"make students grow tall",
"help students have the correct posture",
"help students love reading",
"not allow students to use mobile"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Over a period of time, many habitats change with respect to the types of plants and animals that live there. This change is known as succession. Succession occurs because plants and animals cause a change in the environment in which they live. The first weeds and grasses that appear on a bare field, for example, change the environment by shielding the soil from direct sunlight. As these plants spread, the ground becomes cooler and more moist than it was originally. Thus, the environment at the ground surface has been changed. The new surface conditions favor the sprouting of shrubs. As shrubs grow, they kill the grasses by preventing light from reaching them and also enhance the soil. Pine seedlings soon take hold and as they grow, they in turn shade out the shrubs. They are not able to shade out oak and hickory seedlings, however, that have found the forest floor suitable. These seedlings grew into large trees that eventually shade out the pines. The best title of this passage is _ .
|
[
"The Importance of Weeds and Grasses",
"The Success of Oak and Hickory",
"How Environmental Habitats Change",
"Animal and Plant Habitats"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is not always easy to understand inventions and new developments in science. To understand fiber optics , however, you can try an experiment. Put a drop or two of milk into the glass of water. Turn off the lights. Shine the light from your flashlight through the top of the glass at an angle of about 45 degrees. Put a piece of white paper against the glass when the beam of light is shining. Move the paper so you can see where the beam is coming out of the glass. You should see a spot of light. Some of the light has passed through the water and through the glass. You see it on the paper. You also see another beam going down into the glass. It is being reflected down into the glass. Next move the flashlight so that the beam is coming straighter down(30 degrees) into the water. You will see the same phenomenon: some of the light is reflected back into the glass. And some escapes out. Now move the beam of light from the flashlight slowly up until you cannot see any light escaping. This point is called the "point of total internal reflection." The word internal means "inside." All the light is staying inside the glass. There is no beam showing a bright spot on the white paper. All the light energy is inside the glass. The glass of milky water is like a strand of glass. A fiber optic tube is a bundle of long thin strands of glass, really many tubes. However, the principle is the same: at a certain angle, all the light energy that goes into the glass fiber comes out the other end. Light is energy. Sound is energy. Radio waves and electricity are both energy. They can all be changed into light, and as light they can all travel along a glass fiber. Light travels at the rate of 186,000 miles per second. Therefore, a message can travel that fast in a glass fiber. This is the principle, or law of nature, that makes fiber optics work. The purpose of the experiment is to tell us_.
|
[
"how fast light travels",
"how fiber optics works",
"how light travels in a glass of water",
"how fiber optics helps mankind"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At night, bats fly through the air, catching hundreds of insects and other small animals. But during the day, they hardly move at all. Instead, bats pass the time hanging upside down from a secret spot. There are a couple of reasons why bats rest this way. First of all, it puts them in a position for takeoff. Unlike birds, bats can't fly into the air from the ground. Their wings don't produce enough lift to take off from a dead stop, and their hind legs are so small and underdeveloped that they can't run to build up the necessary takeoff speed. Instead, they use their front claws to climb to a high spot, and then fall into flight. During the hours when most enemies are active, bats gather where few animals would think to look and most can't reach. This allows them to disappear from the world until night comes again. There's also little competition for these resting spots, as other flying animals don't have the ability to hang upside down. Bats have a unique physiological adaptation that lets them hang around this way without using any energy. For you to hold your fist around an object tight, you contract several muscles in your arm, which are connected to your fingers by tendons ;as one muscle contracts, it pulls a tendon, which pulls one of your fingers closed. A bat's talons close in the same way, except that their tendons are connected only to the upper body, not to a muscle. To hang upside down, a bat pulls its claws open with other muscles. To get the talons to take hold of the surface, the bat simply lets its body relax. The weight of the upper body pulls down on the tendons connected to the talons, causing them to hold tight. Therefore, the bat doesn't have to do anything to hang upside down. Why can bats hang upside down easily?
|
[
"Because their upper body is light.",
"Because they have strong muscles.",
"Because their talons are linked to muscles tightly.",
"Because their tendons are linked to their upper body."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are 365 days in a year. We sleep 8 hours a day, so we have 122 days for sleeping. Then our work time has 243 days left. But there are 52 weekends in a year. Each weekend is two days. We lose another 104 days a year for work. It takes us about one hour to have breakfast and supper. This comes to 15 days over a year. But we can't work all that time-we need a holiday. Let's say we have three weeks' holiday. We don't work all day. Four free hours each evening takes up 61 days. We have to remember that we get 2 days' holiday at Easter, 3 at Christmas and 1 at the New Year. There are also 4 Bank holidays. Take those 10 days away and we have 32 days for work. But then we have one and a half hours' lunch every day, and half an hour's coffee break. That comes to 30 days a year. This means that we have only a few days left for work every year! Which of the following is true? _
|
[
"Each weekend is one day.",
"We have 61 days for free time.",
"We get 3 days' holiday at Easter",
"Coffee break takes us one hour."
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
British researchers found that men are almost as likely as women to want children, and they feel more lonely, depressed, angry and sad than women if they don't have them. Childless women were more likely to mention personal wish and biological urge as major influences, compared to men. Men were more likely to mention cultural, societal and family pressures than women. Robin Hadley, of Keele University, found that 59 percent of men and 63 percent of women said they wanted children. Of the men who wanted children, half had experienced loneliness because they did not have any children, compared with 27 percent of women. Thirty-eight percent of men had experienced depression because they did not have any children, compared with only 27 percent of women. One in four men had experienced anger because they did not have any children, compared with 18 percent of women, while 56 percent of men had experienced sadness because they did not have any children, compared with 43 percent of women. However, no men had experienced guilt because they did not have any children although 16 percent of women had. Mr Hadley said, "My work shows that there was a similar level of wish for parenthood among childless men and women in the survey, and that men had higher levels of anger, depression, sadness, jealousy and loneliness than women. This challenges the common idea that women are much more likely to want to have children than men, and that they always experience all kinds of bad emotions more deeply than men if they don't have children." He carried out his survey of 27 men and 81 women who were not parents using an online questionnaire among people aged 20 to 66, with an average age of 41. If a woman wants to have a child, she may say_.
|
[
"she should have a baby according to the cultural requirement",
"she needs to have a child because of the family pressure",
"she has to give birth to a child to avoid social prejudice",
"she is ready to have a baby because of her age and body"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The earth revolves around
|
[
"a heat source",
"the Milky Way",
"a neighboring planet",
"the moon"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of
|
[
"instinct.",
"duplication.",
"reproduction.",
"metamorphosis."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Plants that live in the rainforest have adapted in amazing ways to several very difficult conditions. This means that the plant has changed something in its "body" or "habits" to make it easier to survive in difficult conditions. There are several conditions they have had to adapted to. First, the soil of the forest floor is shallow. Also, the soil of the rainforest is not very rich, or easy to grow in. Next is the problem of very heavy rain which continues over a large part of the year. Finally, many plants of the rainforest are food for animals that live there. The biggest problem that rainforest plants have to adapt to is the lack of sunlight in the rainforest's lower levels. Plants have adapted to this problem in several ways. Many plants have very large leaves. The large leaf is helpful because it has a bigger surface area. The bigger surface area a leaf has, the more sunlight it can absorb. The canopy trees adapt by growing to be 100 feet tall so that their leaves can grab all available sunlight. Other plants called lianas have adapted by rooting themselves in the soil of the forest floor and growing up the trees until they reach the canopy layer. Still other plants, such as epiphytes, have adapted by growing directly on the trees' trunks and branches in the canopy and understory layers of the rainforest. An adaptation to the large amounts of rainfall that many rainforest plants have is called "drip tips". Their leaves are tapered to a sharp point at the end. This allows water to run off the leaf quickly. There are many other adaptations that rainforest plants have made to their environment. These will be discussed in detail, as we investigate the plants of the rainforest! What can be inferred about rainforest plants?
|
[
"They have to face dangers not only from animals but also from each other.",
"Too little sunlight and too much water are the biggest problems they face.",
"All of their adaptations have been investigated in detail.",
"Different kinds of plants have different ways to absorb sunlight."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal that has a backbone.
|
[
"gorilla",
"grasshopper"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The speed of light is often called a"constant ". New experiments show that may not be true, even within a vacuum. Sometimes, light slows a bit. The new research is"very impressive work", Robert Boyd toldScienceNews.An optical physicist at the University of Rochester in New York, he did not work on the study. He speaks of the new finding:"It's the sort of thing that's so obvious; you wonder why you didn't think of it first." Light travels as particles and as waves. Photons are the name given to those particles that represent the smallest possible amount of light. At their fastest, photons travel nearly 300 million meters (almost 1 billion feet) in a single second. That's fast enough to get to the moon and back in about 2.6 seconds. Scientists had long known, though, that they could slow light photons down by shining them through a material such as glass or water. Still, light moving through a vacuum has usually been assumed to move at a peak speed. That would seem to make sense. After all, a vacuum is a space with nothing in it to slow light down. In a new study, however, scientists show that even racing through a vacuum, light can slow. So the speed of light is more of a universal speed limit than an rule for how fast photons travel, the new data suggest. Miles Padgett led the new study. As an optical physicist, he works at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. He and his colleagues showed that the key to slowing light is to change the shape of a light wave. Padgett described how they did this in a paper published online January 22 inScience. His team raced a pair of photons. One traveled unchanged through a cable made from optical fibers. The other passed through a pair of devices that acted like lenses. A lens changes light: It can focus a spread-out beam of light on a point, for instance. The second photon passed through one device that changed the shape of its waveand another that changed it back to its original form. The first photon won the race. The second photon came in a tiny bit later, several quadrillionths of a second late for every meter of the race. The difference wasn't huge, but it was enough to measure. Most technology would not pick up such a small change, but it could be important to scientists who study short pulses of light. "I'm not surprised the effect exists,"Boyd toldScienceNews."But it's surprising that the effect is so large and strong." The most important factor in changing the speed of light is to transform .
|
[
"the shape of a light wave",
"the length of a light wave",
"the direction of a photon",
"the structure of a photon"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side. Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road. "Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads," the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. "Eco-passages" may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. "These eco-passages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents," said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society. But do animals actually use the eco-passages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an eco-passage that went under a highway. This showed that the lions used the passage. Builders of eco-passages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses. The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass! When the writer says that "animals seem to be catching on" (Para. 6), he means _ .
|
[
"animals begin to realize the dangers on the road",
"animals are crossing the road in groups",
"animals are increasing in number",
"animals begin to learn to use eco-passages"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lighting a match and baking a cake are two actions that involve chemical changes. Why are these actions considered chemical changes?
|
[
"They change the state of matter.",
"They create new substances.",
"They change volume.",
"They create energy."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children. The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July. The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites , and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity. The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable _ appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients. The paper concluded dysbiosis of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method. Where is the passage extracted?
|
[
"Medicine book",
"Science book",
"Doctor's instructions",
"News report"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Assume all other forces on Cassie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Cassie?
|
[
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Cassie.",
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Cassie."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Anne and Joseph are talking about an interesting question. Why do some people change their names? There can be many reasons. Hanna changed her name to Anne because she thought it would be easier for people to remember. On the other hand, Joseph is thinking about changing his name to an unusual name because he wants to be different. People have a lot of reasons for changing their names. Film stars, singers, sportsmen and some other famous people often change their names because they want names that are not ordinary, or that have special sound. They chose the "new name" for themselves instead of the name their parents gave them when they were born. Some people have another reason for changing their names. They have moved to a new country and want to use a name that is usual there. For example, Li Kaiming changed his name to Ken Lee when he moved to the United States. He uses the name Ken at his job and at school. But with his family and Chinese friends, he uses Li Kaiming. For some people, using different names makes life easier in their new country. In many countries, a woman changes her family name to her husband's after she gets married. But today, many women are keeping their own family name and not using their husband's. Sometimes, women use their own name in some situations and their husband's in other situations. And some use both their own name and their husband's. Mr. Li uses his new name when he _ .
|
[
"stays with his family",
"is at his job",
"is among Chinese friends",
"comes back to China"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the part whose main job is to break down sugar to release energy that an animal cell can use.
|
[
"chromosomes",
"cytoplasm",
"mitochondria"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
One kind of female butterfly mates only once in its life -- and then closes its wings to avoid _ " when pursued by persistent and unwanted males, a Japanese researcher said. Observations of the Small Copper Butterfly, a colourful orange and black butterfly, showed that some females closed their wings when males flew by, but only when they were males of their own species, said Jun-Ya Ide, an associate professor at Kurume Institute of Technology in Fukuoka, western Japan. "When we looked into why, the males were courting the females. They do this very stubbornly, so the females sometimes try to get away -- or prefer to stay unobserved," he added. Ide and his colleagues brought a model of a male butterfly near the females to test their reactions and found that young females that had yet to mate kept their wings open, but those that had already mated closed them. Not only can the persistent attentions of unwanted suitors harm the delicate females, fleeing from them -- with the male often in pursuit -- uses up strength and can even shorten their lives, he added. "Closing their wings makes them less visible, helping them avoid communication with their own species. We figured they were trying to avoid harassment by males," Ide said. Why some some females closed their wings when males flew by?
|
[
"because they close their wings to avoid \"harassment\" when pursued by persistent and unwanted males.",
"because the female butterfly mates only once in its life.",
"because they don't like the male butterfly at all.",
"because they are afraid of the male butterfly."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which likely aids in plant reproduction?
|
[
"the gravity on Mars",
"the influx of human pollution",
"the cooking of rice pilaf",
"a family of badgers hunting and gathering"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You maybe surprised to learn that one of the best steps you can take to protect your health is to step outside and spend some time in the grass, dirt and water. Our ancestors enjoyed the healing power of nature , and now scientists are starting to catch up.According to research in recent years, just having a view of nature has been shown to improve hospital patients' recovery and reduce illness rates among office workers.Also, exposure to wildlife, horseback riding, hiking, camping and farms can be helpful for a variety of health conditions in adults and children. Much of this type of research is focusing on children, and in fact an entire movement has quickly developed to connect kids with the healing power of nature. Obesity .Rates of childhood obesity have grown sharply in recent years, and this is partly because of reduced outdoor activity time.Increasing the time students spend learning about nature, both in and outside the classroom, would help solve this problem.Such lessons are often more attractive for students and often lead them to become more active outside. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .Exposure to ordinary natural settings in the course of common after-school and weekend activities may be effective in reducing attention deficit symptoms in children.Participation in green activities --such as nature walks--helped ADHD patients from a wide range of backgrounds to stay focused and complete tasks. Stress.Access to nature, even houseplants, can help children cope with stress. Depression and seasonal emotional disorder.Major depression requires medical treatment, but physical activity, especially outdoors, can help ease symptoms.For your average case of winter blues, experts suggest spending time outside every day and, if possible, taking the family to a sunny vacation spot in mid-winter. Experts emphasize that you needn' t go to wilderness preserves to enjoy nature' s benefits--simply walking in a city park or growing in a rooftop garden can make a difference. According to Para.4, lessons about nature _ .
|
[
"should engage parents in them",
"should take place outdoors",
"are used widely at schools",
"are liked by students"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hawking Fever Hit prefix = st1 /China Hawking has left much for Chinese to think about. British physicist Stephen Hawking,possibly the world's most famous scientist after Albert Einstein,gave lectures in Zhejiang and Beijing in August. An illness left him unable to move any part of his body except for the three fingers.But his continuing efforts in the field of science have made many young people take him as their idol. His books,such as A Brief History of Time,become bestseller in Chinese bookstores. "Hawking helps people expand their horizons and become interested in science,"said Pan Yunhe,president of Zhejiang University. Indeed,experts don't think it likely that Hawking's lectures and profound ideas will be easily understood by the average persons.But he has certainly sowed the seeds of science among many young people. And the "Hawking fever" cause by his visit has made people ask:How can China produce more top scientists like Hawking? "Nurturing top scientists will take as much as work to change society as to educate the scientists themselves,"said Zhang Fan.Zhang has studied in the UK since 1999 and will be a sophomore at Trinity College in October. In Britain,Zhang said,teacher inspire students to have a general understanding of the subjects they are interested in.and they encourage students to develop new ideas,which helps them to nurture their creativity. In China,the Ministry of Education has encouraged schools to provide quality education to tap students' potential. "I hope teachers will pay more attention to helping us use our imaginations and solve problems on our own,"said Lu Jie,a Junior Three student in Sanfan Middle School in Beijing. The main idea of the passage is about_.
|
[
"Hawking's visit to Chinamake people think about much",
"Hawking's life and his research",
"A Brief History of Time",
"the comparison between English and Chinese education systems"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
1. What will I need to take a Test? You need a photo ID, your instructor's name, a pencil or pen, a calculator, etc. 2. How will I know about time limits? Students will be informed of any testing time limits, and _ when time is up. 3. If I have my books or backpack, does the Test Center have a place to store them while I'm testing? Yes. Students will be asked to leave all books, backpacks, purses and any other personal items in a lockable storage room. 4. The only time I can take a test is during lunch. Can I eat my lunch while I am testing? No food or drink are allowed in the Test Center. 5. I conduct business via a pager or cell phone. Will I be allowed to use them in the Test Center? No. all pagers and cell phones must be turned off before entering the Test Center. There are other students testing who may be distracted by these devices. 6. If I need to borrow more scratch paper am I allowed to borrow from another student in the Test Center? Ask the teacher and more material will be given. Talking is not permitted in the Test Center. You will give all scratch paper to the teacher at the end of the test. 7. If I start a test but don't finish it, can I come back the next day to finish it? If you have prior arrangements with your instructor you may continue a test the next day. Students are expected to complete their test before closing time of the Test Center. Depending on the test, most tests will not be given within one hour of closing time. If you don't finish the test you _ .
|
[
"must turn in the paper on time",
"should get help from your instructor",
"can continue it the next day by prior arrangement",
"can take the paper out of the center"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the elementary substance.
|
[
"bromomethane (CH3Br)",
"hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)",
"rhenium (Re)"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Expert say that students usually need eight to ten hours' sleep at night, but most Chinese students do not get enough sleep. Some Chinese parents are usually glad to see their children studying late. They will think their children work very hard, but not all parents are happy about this. Once a mother told us tat every morning her 10-year-old boy put up one finger with his eyes still closed, begging for one more minute to sleep. Like thousands of students " early birds" in China, he has to get up before six every morning. A report shows that without a good night's sleep, students seem to be weaker than they should be. Many students have fallen asleep during class at one time or another. Too much homework is not the only reason why students stay up late. Some watch TV or play the computer games late into the night. Experts have ever said that the students should develop good study habits. So some clever students never study last, they are able to work well in class. Stay up late here means " _ "
|
[
"study late",
"watch TV late",
"not go to bed until late",
"stay outside"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We live in a sweet world. The average American kid consumes more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isn't good for you. But did we know it could be dangerous? A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to conduct a study on the negative effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on people's health. Sugar is found not only in sweets and candies, but also in many household items like pasta and crackers. During the 58-week-long study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice were 26% less territorial and produced 25% fewer offspring than the other mice. Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic structure to humans. "Since most substances that are dangerous in mice are also dangerous in people, it's likely that those physical problems that cause those mice to have increased deaths also work in people," says study author James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study reveal negative effects that are not as noticeable as weight gain or heart problems. Sugar can contribute to long-term changes in the body that can change development and even shorten lives. Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nation's sugar desire will provide for a truly sweeter future. From the passage we can infer _
|
[
"sugar plays a very important role in Americans' diet",
"kids consume more sugar than adults in America",
"the study on human beings lasted 58 weeks",
"the genetic structure of mice is totally different from that of people"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mrs Jones was still cleaning the house when her husband came back from work. She was wearing dirty, old clothes and no stockings and her hair was not tidy. She looked dirty and tired. Her husband looked at her and said, "Is this what I come home to see after a hard day's work?" Mr Jones' neighbour, Mrs Smith, was there. When she heard Mr Jones' words, she quickly said goodbye and ran back to her house. Then she washed and combed her hair carefully, put on her best dress and her most beautiful stockings, painted her face, and waited for her husband to come home. When he arrived, he was tired. He walked slowly into the house, saw his wife and stopped. Then he shouted angrily, " And where are you going this evening ?" From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"Mrs Jones doesn't like beautiful clothes",
"Mr Jones loved her wife so much",
"Mrs Smith dressed up herself before her husband came back",
"Mr Smith was angry because her wife didn't look beautiful"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Next Stop: Planet Mars Fly me to the moon? That's not far enough. On September 14, 2011, NASA released designs for a superrocket, the Space Launch System (SLS). This time the final destination will be Mars. The SLS is a huge, liquid-fuelled rocket. If it is fully developed, it will be the most powerful rocket ever built. Its lift capability will be much bigger than that of the space shuttle of Saturn 5, the rocket that sent the Apollo missions to the moon. NASA is planning to launch its first unmanned test flight in 2017. It is hoped that the first crew will fly in 2021 and astronauts will make it to a nearby asteroid in 2025. NASA hopes to send the rocket and astronauts to Mars from the asteroid by the 2030s, according to the Associated Press (AP). NASA used liquid rockets to send Apollo, Gemini and Mercury into space, but later changed to solid rockets boosters because they were cheaper. Tragically, however, a booster flaw caused the space shuttle Challenger to crash in 1986. The new project plans to return to liquid fuel. According to AP, the rockets will at first be able to carry 77 to 110 tons of payload . Eventually they will be able to carry 143 tons into space, maybe even as many as 165 tons, NASA officials said. By comparison, the Saturn 5 booster could lift 130 tons and the space shuttle just 27 tons. However, unlike reusable shuttles, these powerful rockets are mostly one use only. New ones have to be built for every launch. This will be very costly. NASA estimates that it will cost about $3 billion (19 billion yuan) per year, or $18 billion until the first test flight in 2017. NASA hopes to make money by allowing private companies to send astronauts to the International Space Station like giant taxi services, so that the program can be "sustainable". "This is perhaps the biggest thing for space exploration in decades," said Senator Bill Nelson, a former astronaut. "The goal is to fly humans safely beyond low-Earth orbit and deep into outer space where we cannot only survive, but one day also live." It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"the SLS program is planning to make reusable rockets",
"the goal of the SLS program is to enable humans to live on the moon",
"the US government may not have provided enough money for the SLS program",
"NASA will use SLS as a space taxi between the Earth and Mars"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When it comes to relationship, we spend a lot of time discussing their joys, but rarely talk about the pain when they break down. Yet most people have a story about a broken relationship. For Jane Black, a six-year friendship ended when her friend was rude to one of her children. "After quite a few drinks at a party in my house, she said something rude to my child. I ended the friendship face to face at the party," she says. "I didn't realize what I was doing at the time, I was simply standing up for my child, but in her eyes any challenge was a betrayal." When Angela Thompson noticed a seven-year friendship disappearing, she let it go. "I didn't know how to deal with the issue. I didn't sit down for a grown-up conversation; I just walked away quietly." The decision caused a reaction among Thompson's other friends. "The other friends in the circle are the worst people when you are trying to break up with a friend," she says. "They don't want you to stop being friends, because it puts them in a difficult position. You get told to just get it over." Though we have plenty of measures for handling conflict at work or family fight, we still don't have good ways of ending friendships. Do we sit down and properly break up, or just walk away? Psychologist Serena Cauchy has the following advice. Don't blame. Talk about your needs and feeling rather than talking like a Dutch uncle. Do talk about your needs. Talk about why the friendship is not working for you--about how your needs aren't being met. Don't gossip. Negative talk hurts everyone involved and in some cases can make matters worse. Don't be so accessible. If there is a common wish to conclude the friendship, then you can remove it. How did Angela Thompson deal with her friendship when it went wrong?
|
[
"She ended it face to face.",
"She left it as it was.",
"She turned to her friends for advice.",
"She made a direct challenge."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Switching telephone providers used to be the only way homeowners could save money on telephone bills. Now thanks to new technology, comsumers have another choice-making phone calls over the internet. And this can be completely free if you call another person with an internet phone set-up. The technology is called voice over internet protocol , or VoIP. In 2005, consumer demand for VoIP dramatically grew. In the US, where popularity has grown faster than here in the UK, 8.4 million are predicted to subscribe this year. For the past couple years, VoIP pioneers such as Skype have accounted for the majority of internet phone subscribers. VoIP is attractive to consumers because it's cheaper than traditional phone services. With the basic equipment of PC, microphone and headset, and VoIP software and broadband internet for optimum voice quality, consumers can save a fortune chatting for free to other internet phone owners and save money calling regular landlines . But, as the saying goes, . Many of these services suffer from uncontinuous lapses in quality. While some users may tolerate echoes or a dropped call, improved quality is needed to attract more customers. Computing has examined the benefits of using a PC as a telephone with VoIP in how easy they were to set up, how effective they were and the range of their features. Skype(www. skype.com) came top for its bother-free approach, easy set-up and exceptional voice clarity. Sipgate (www. sipgate. co. uk), MSN(www. messenger. msn. co. uk) and Yahoo! Messenger (uk. messenger. yahoo. com) provide an audio "wizard" that improves sound levels. Google Talk (www. google. com/ talk) was less helpful and Babble. net (www. babble. net) was let down by its poor help files. Yahoo! Messenger provides some of the best features, including the option of landline calls, webcam chats, instant messaging, voice-mail and conference calls. Which one of the following if you call others?
|
[
"VolP,voice over internet protocol",
"Switching telephone",
"New technology",
"letters"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?
|
[
"telling a story",
"saluting the flag",
"having blue eyes",
"riding a bicycle"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
what could it be indicative of, if an animal's fur has grown thicker?
|
[
"it could be up to something bad",
"the hemisphere could be facing away from the sun",
"it could be summer",
"it could be dying"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. Why do we go wrong about our friends? Sometimes people hide their real meanings when they say something. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog." That's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see himself. But "lucky dog" puts you down a little. He may mean you don't deserve your luck. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Do his words agree with the tone of voice? His posture ? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. If you spend the minute thinking about the real meaning behind one's words, it may save another mistake. From the passage, how many things should we pay attention to when we take a good look at the person talking?
|
[
"Three",
"Five",
"Six",
"Four"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Google has been collecting tons of data about smartphone usage around the world. Here are some of the most surprising and interesting facts: Android is most popular in Japan, with 55% of respondents using it, compared with 39% for iOS.Android is also number one in a few other countries, including New Zealand (41%), the US(40%), and China (38%). iOS is farthest ahead in Switzerland, with 52% usage vs 23% for Android.Other countries where iOS is far ahead include Australia (49% vs 25% Android), Canada (45% vs 23% Android and 23% Blackberry), and France (43% vs 25% Android). In Egypt, Windows Mobile is far more popular than iOS.13% of survey respondents use the Microsoft smartphone platform, behind Symbian (19%) and Android (14%). iOS is very far down at 4%. Mobile social networking is biggest in Mexico and Argentina, where 74% and 73% of users visit a social network daily.But mobilesocial is weak in Japan where 34% of users never visit a social network on their phone, and this figure rises to 41% in Brazil. Watching video is most popular in Saudi Arabia, with 59% of respondents doing it daily.Number two is Egypt, with 41%. Chinese users shop from their phones.59% of Chinese users do this, compared with only 41% in secondplace Egypt.Chinese users also love to write reviews.41% of them write a review of a local business after looking it up on their smartphone.Number two, Japan, is far behind, with only 24% of respondents doing this. . In which of the following countries is mobile social networking least popular?
|
[
"Brazil.",
"Japan.",
"Mexico.",
"Argentina."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some parents are worrying that their children wouldn't like meals. In fact, most children are usually ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them. A child often likes food unless it is badly cooked. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food, never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so . If the father says that he hates fat meat or the mother refuses some vegetables in the child's hearing, he may copy this action. Parents should agree to the fact that he likes everything and he probably will . At meal times, it is a good idea to give a child a small part at one time rather than give him as much as he may eat all together. Do not talk too much to the child during meal times, but let him get on with his food. And do not allow him to leave the table at once after a meal , or he will soon learn to eat his food hurriedly so he can hurry back to the toys in his room . Never coax or make a child eat, or he will think he eats for you. Don't you think it is the same with study ? If a child is allowed to leave the table at once after a meal ,he will _ .
|
[
"eat more",
"stop eating",
"learn to eat hurriedly",
"dislike the meal"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Colin has a scar on his left hand.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Six years ago, Ann graduated from college with a degree in Art. Now she is twenty-nine and works for a large computer company. She takes classes twice a week after work. She is learning to use the computer program PowerPoint. "I enjoy the college, but my job doesn't use the information I learned at college." Ann says. "The course is helping me to do my job better." In the past, when students graduated from college and got a job, they usually stopped studying. Today, lifelong learning is becoming more common. In many countries, some people return to school in their late twenties, thirties, or even older to get a higher degree. More people are taking training courses to improve their working skills after work. People can also get degrees or training through the Internet. Ann's sixty-year-old mother and father are taking courses in Art and Music. "We love these two subjects. Learning is so much fun."They say happily, "It's never too old to learn." Which of the following is TRUE?
|
[
"Ann doesn't want to use the information she learned at college.",
"People in the past usually stopped studying after graduating from college.",
"People can only get information from their teachers.",
"Ann's parents are too old to learn Art and Music."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Special ships that create clouds by sending seawater into the air could be the cheapest way of dealing with climate change, new research has found. The technique, known as "marine cloud whitening", would create clouds above the Pacific Ocean that would have a cooling effect by reflecting sunlight away from Earth. Nearly 2,000 wind-powered ships would cross the sea, getting seawater and sending it up through tall tubes. " When you send saltwater into the air, you create bigger and whiter clouds, and thus reflect more sunlight back into space," said David Young from the group of the study. The paper by Professor Eric Bickel and Lee Lane looked into the costs of the projects. It found that cloud whitening would reduce the effects of climate change this century for no more than PS5.3 billion. This is only a small part of the PS150 billion that leading nations are considering spending to cut CO2 emissions each year. It is also more than 25 times cheaper than the PS140 billion cost of another project which would copy the cooling effect of volcanoes. The authors also compared the cost benefits that reducing temperatures would have. They found every PS1 spend on other ways would have PS15 of benefits, however every PS1 spent on cloud whitening would bring PS2,000 of benefits. These would include the human costs on health and the influence on other fields. David Young said, "Marine cloud whitening could achieve as much for the planet as CO2cuts would, but with much less cost." But he warned that these techniques shouldn't be considered as a long-period way to deal with climate change. " It's important to note that this technique wouldn't reduce CO2emissions or deal with the causes of global warming, but would cover its effects." he said. Marine cloud whitening has an effect on global warming by _ .
|
[
"cutting sunlight",
"sending cold air into space",
"cooling water in the air",
"cooling air with water"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers jog, they don't run down the streets. Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived . I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD . Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do better in studies. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. Most bullying is found in schools where there is a tarmac playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. We tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging. Human beings are a species of animals. For seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human. What is the author's firm belief?
|
[
"People seek nature in different ways.",
"People should spend most of their lives in the wild.",
"People have quite different ideas of nature.",
"People must make more efforts to study nature."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement best explains why the Sun and the Moon appear to be about the same size in the sky?
|
[
"The Sun and the Moon have the same diameter.",
"The Moon is larger in diameter and farther from Earth than the Sun.",
"The Moon is smaller in diameter and is closer to Earth than the Sun.",
"The Sun and the Moon are the same distance from Earth."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Health and climate scientists have mapped how climate change affects different parts of the world in different ways. The scientists point to the fact that changes in the past thirty years may, have been affecting human health. Possible effects include more deaths from extreme heat or cold, more storms and more crop failures in dry periods. The health and climate scientists recently estimated that climate changes caused by human activity lead to more than one hundred and fifty thousand deaths each year. Cases of sickness are estimated at five million. And the W.H.O. says the numbers could rise quickly by the year of 2003. Jonathan Patz of an environmental institute led the study. Professor Patz points out that climate scientists connected global warming with the heat that killed thousands in Europe in August, 2003. But he says poor countries least responsible(......) for the warming are most in danger from the health effects of higher temperatures. Professor Patz says areas in greatest danger include southern and eastern Africa and coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans. Also, large cities experience what scientists call a "heat island"effect that can make conditions worse. Representatives from about two hundred countries hold a meeting in Canada, to discuss climate change. The ten-day meeting ends on December 9th. It is the first such United Nations meeting since the Kyoto Protocol took effect earlier this year. The agreement aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases sent off into the air. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Climate changes affect different parts of the world in the same way.",
"The ten-day meeting is the first United Nations meeting on climate change.",
"The Kyoto Protocol aims to make smaller the amount of heat-trapping gases into the air.",
"Poor countries are responsible for the global warming."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is normal for parents to question their children's hairstyle or the clothes they wear. But today teenagers and their parents argue over something else: money. Children are spending lots of it. Parents used to say to their children, "You're wearing that?" Now they say, "You paid how much for that?" Children in the US today spend five times more money than their parents did when they were young. So what are all these children buying? The list is long: ipods trainers , cellphones and jeans are typical items that children "have to" buy. And they will do anything to get them. They ask their parents over and over until they buy them. But parents also need to take the blame for spending so much money. They want their children to have the best stuff. They end up competing with other parents over what their children have. So no wonder children find it hard to learn the importance of saving money rather than spending it all the time. And it's hard to save when companies use advertising and clever slogans to encourage young people to buy their products. They even encourage children to keep asking their parents for something until they get it. Today, you don't even need to have money in order to buy something. Banks give out credit cards and loans all the time so people are saving less and less. We are used to there being lots of money around. And if you don't have much you can always borrow some. But this hasn't always been the case. When our grandparents were young there was very little money and everyone had to save hard for things they bought. They only bought things they needed, not things they just wanted. The older generation made the wise expression, "Money doesn't grow on trees." This is as true now as it was 50 years ago. They give money a great deal of value. And we all have a lot to learn from them. Nowadays people find it hard to save money because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT that _ .
|
[
"banks provide credit cards and loans",
"advertisements draw people's attention to new products",
"people have more money than in the past and saving is out of date",
"people's living standard has improved and they can buy what they want"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Weather forecasts are more accurate today than in the past due to
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Welcome to our food shop. All kinds of food are on sale! Do you need vegetables? We have many kinds of vegetables. They are not dear. Do you like milk? We have good milk, like Guangming, Mengniu and Yili, for just two yuan a bottle. Do you like chicken? Chicken is for just twelve yuan a kilo. Beef is for just eighteen yuan a kilo. Fish is for eight yuan a kilo. Come with your family and friends! ,. A kilo of chicken is _ yuan.
|
[
"2",
"12",
"20",
"24"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others. Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer. Recently, researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. About a quarter of the adults have a good habit of running. The study found these runners were much healthier than non-runners. In fact, the runners lived, on average , three years longer than the non-runners. Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here are commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower the risk of injury for people who are new to running. [?]Take it easy. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push themselves too hard. The body needs time to get used to increases in distance or speed. [?] Get good running shoes. There is no single best shoe for every runner. You should find the shoe that offers the best fit and support for your feet. More importantly, you should have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers. [?]Take good notes. Take time after each run to write down notes about what you did and how you felt. Look for things that happen again and again. For example, you may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. But perhaps you feel great when you have a rest between running days. These notes will help you make the best plan for running. The purpose of taking notes is to _ .
|
[
"remind you of where to have new shoes",
"help you find the way of running that fits you",
"take a rest between running days",
"help you do some research on exercise"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, rarely react with other elements because they
|
[
"are low-density gases.",
"are not abundant on Earth.",
"have complete outermost energy levels.",
"have two electrons in their outermost energy level."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What gives birth to live young?
|
[
"tarantulas",
"wildcats",
"vultures",
"anacondas"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
December usually marks the start of humpback whale season in Hawaii. But experts say the animals have been slow to return. The giant whales are an iconic part of winter on the islands and a source of income for tour operators. But officials at the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary said they've been getting reports that the whales have been difficult to spot so far. "This isn't a concern. But it's of interest. One theory was that something like this happened as whales increased. It's a product of their success," said Ed Lyman. He is a Maui-based resource protection manager and response coordinator for the sanctuary. "What I'm seeing out there right now is what I expected a month ago," said Lyman. He said he was surprised by how few of the animals he saw while responding to a call about a distressed calf on Christmas Eve. "We've just seen a handful of whales." It will be a while before officials have hard numbers. That is because the annual whale counts don't take place until the last Saturday of January, February and March. This is according to former sanctuary co-manager Jeff Walters. "They don't necessarily show up in the same place at the same time every year," Walters said. More than 10,000 humpback whales make the winter journey from Alaska to the warm waters off Hawaii. There, they mate and give birth. Lyman said the whales' absence could just mean they're spending more time feeding in northern waters. That's possibly because of El Nino disruptions. Or it may be because their population has gone up. "With more animals, they're competing against each other for that food resource, and it takes huge energy reserves to make that long migration over 2,000 miles," he explained. Which isn't the reason why humpback whales are slow to return according to Lyman?
|
[
"The effect of El Nino is destructive.",
"The number of them is increasing.",
"They are busy reserving energy.",
"They are largely hunted by humans."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dear Lucy, In your last letter, your asked me how to love to your parents. Here is my advice. *Make a picture for them. Whether with pencils or paints, it will be a treasure to them forever. *Write a letter to them. Take your time to put your thoughts in _ . *keep your room clean! Though it's a kind of the chore, it shows mom and dad that care. *Cook them a dinner! It can be some rice , some cheese or some hot dogs; it can give them a break. *tell them that you love them very often. Your love can make them feel warm and proud. *Never tell a lie to them. Probably the biggest way to show them you love them is, never to lie. This shows them that you not only love them, but also believe in and respect them. *Create time to be with them. Watch a film with your mom once in a while, or go to a sports match with your dad once in a while just to show them how much you care and want to close with them. *If you do something wrong, apologize and explain it! They will know you are sorry. You could do something for them to show you want to make it up to them. Just saying sorry can really show how much you love them. Yours , Agony Aunt _ can give your parents a break.
|
[
"Studying for a test",
"Drawing a picture",
"Cooking a dinner",
"Telling your love to your parents"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What characteristic of DNA results in cell differentiation in developing embryos?
|
[
"which genes are present",
"how many copies of each gene are present",
"which genes are active",
"what protein is produced by a gene"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Ellen investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?",
"When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?",
"When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following is a chemical property of matter?
|
[
"density",
"boiling point",
"flammability",
"shape"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help clarify hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomfort and pain. A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Lenoardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to watch either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly paintings, or a blank panel while the team struck a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been hurt by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when considering the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings. While distractions , such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part. The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process. "Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their aesthetic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist. "Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into how a beautiful environment can reduce suffering." Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis' Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonino Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. "these people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso. According to the research, when designing a hospital, we should consider its _ .
|
[
"convenient facilities",
"functional operating room",
"pleasing environment",
"bright waiting room"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Albert Einstein (1879--1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time. Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany,he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler's persecution of the Jews. In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving ly to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is and that there are really no such things as motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made his General Theory of Relativity known. He also improved on Newton's theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that _ .
|
[
"places go faster than trains and buses",
"people couldn't run as fast as vehicles",
"light goes the fastest of all the things",
"two trains can go in different directions"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lina is a Chinese tennis star. She plays tennis well. She plays tennis every day. She has some tennis rackets and tennis balls. She has lots of healthy food. For breakfast, she has eggs and milk. She usually plays tennis for three hours in the moming. Then she has a big lunch-carrots, rice, fish and meat. After that she plays tennis for two hours in the afternoon.For dinner, she has chicken, apples and soup. After dinner, she watches tennis on TV for half hour. She has a busy life. .She watches tennis on TV _ .
|
[
"in the moming",
"in the evening",
"in the afternoon",
"after lunch"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Just a Quick Nap Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch? Well, that's normal. Your body naturally slows down then. What should you do about it? Don't reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap. It's good to have a daily nap. First of all , you are more efficient after napping. You remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap may increase your self-confidence and make you more active. It may even cheer you up. But, there are some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel worse. Also, you should set an alarm clock. That way, you can fully relax during your nap. You won't have to keep looking at the clock, so you don't oversleep. Now, the next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don't get stressed. Put your head down, close your eyes, and catch forty winks. The proper period of time for taking a nap is _ .
|
[
"the shorter the better",
"as long as you like",
"the longer the better",
"about twenty minutes"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is decomposed in decomposition?
|
[
"lifeless life forms",
"living creatures",
"metals",
"plastics"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"street lamp",
"spruce tree"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Compare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a mountain biker who moved 190miles in 10hours",
"a mountain biker who moved 100miles in 10hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following salts is expected to produce an alkaline solution when one mole is dissolved in one liter of water?
|
[
"NaClO4",
"CaCl2",
"NH4Br",
"Na2S"
] | 3D
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu
|
Complete the sentence.
Pouring milk on oatmeal is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In junior high school in America, kids study English, writing, math, physics, biology, music and art. At 12 o'clock, the students eat lunch at school. They have meat, vegetables, fruit, bread and a drink, but they like hot dogs and hamburgers best. American kids like sugar, and after the meal they can have a small piece of cake. Students sleep for a short time after lunch. They begin classes at 1:30 in the afternoon. They go to school on weekdays and have classes for six hours every day and then return home. Parents let their kids play or watch TV until dinner at 6:00 p. m. After dinner, they do their homework. Sometimes kids and their parents have a family activity after dinner. What do the students like best for lunch at school?
|
[
"Meat and fruit.",
"Hot dogs and hamburgers.",
"Hot dogs and sugar.",
"Bread and hamburgers."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which relationship involves inheritance of genetics?
|
[
"mother-daughter",
"friend-friend",
"teacher-student",
"husband-wife"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One day a zebra dies. Zero baby zebras were born in the herd on that day.
|
[
"the zebras traveled a hundred miles that day",
"a new life was created",
"the population went down",
"the population of the herd increased"
] | 2C
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a kitchen sink?
|
[
"26 milliliters",
"26 liters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?
|
[
"electrical energy to light and heat energy",
"light energy to electrical and mechanical energy",
"heat energy to electrical and light energy",
"electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The classification of some organisms has changed. Which new process is used to reclassify organisms?
|
[
"Organisms are now given Latin-based scientific names.",
"Structures are now examined at the molecular level.",
"Organisms are now divided into three kingdoms.",
"Structures are now used to classify organisms."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Who hasn't enjoyed eating peanuts? Did you know that although peanuts look like nuts and taste like nuts, they aren't nuts at all? They belong to the pea family, so they are called peanuts. The peanut grows flowers above ground, but its "fruit" grows underground. It grows in more countries than most other "nuts". The peanut is a native South American plant. Scientists believe that it grew wild in Brazil long ago. They think that for several thousand years the early peoples of South America made it a part of their diet. These peoples were nomads who moved on when a natural food could no longer be found in one area. Along the way they probably let fall some peanuts, which got into the ground and grew. This is believed to be the way the plant reached the place where the Incas lived. The Incas, from about 1100 to 1532, thought highly of peanuts. The peanuts were eaten in several forms and used as sacrificial offerings to the Incan Sun God. Later in the 16thcentury, European soldiers had brought peanuts to other parts of the world, including North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Pacific Islands. Although peanuts were found native in South America, they are now grown in almost every country that has warm weather. India produces the most peanuts. China's production is next, followed by the United States. The peanut is special in more ways than one. It can be eaten raw, boiled, roasted, or fried. Hundreds of widely different products have been made from it. Carver, an American scientist, set himself the task of discovering new uses for eating and for many other products. Peanuts are very highly _ and are also high in protein . Americans use about seven-tenths of their protein in the form of meat. In India, where the poor can't pay for meat or milk, peanut meal and peanut milk have been produced. These have been a great help to the poor. New products are continually being made from peanuts, among them peanut cheese and a powder that becomes peanut butter when water is added. The fact is that peanuts are so healthy that they were used by astronauts. The unusual nut that isn't a nut is one of nature's most amazing gifts. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?
|
[
"Nomads always stayed in the same place.",
"The peanut was first found in South America.",
"Astronauts ate lots of peanuts to keep healthy.",
"China grows fewer peanuts than the US."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Now and then we all get ill. Then we usually go to see a doctor. Doctors know a lot about what makes us ill. They may give us something to take. The medicine often makes us well again. But sometimes the doctor's medicine doesn't work. A sick person does not get well. The pain doesn't go away. There was such man. He was in hospital, but he wasn't well. Then he found a new "doctor" inside himself. This "doctor" was his own sense of humor . He saw funny films. He read funny books. And he liked to learn something interesting. Laughing took away his pain. Then he was able to sleep and rest. His own happy feeling helped him to feel well again. And he told his story in a book. He said that laughing was his best "medicine". His doctor thought so, too. Another man was ill, and he had a terrible pain in his back. The doctors could not stop it from hurting. So the man began to "picture" his pain. In his head he "drew" a picture of a dog. He imagined it as a real dog. And it was biting his back. It was hurting him. Then the man talked softly to the dog. He put his hand on the dog's head. He made friends with the dog. And his pain went away! These stories may surprise you. But more and more people are getting well in this way. So call on the "doctor" inside your own head. And stay happy and well! The medicine given by doctors _ .
|
[
"never works well",
"always tastes terrible",
"doesn't work sometimes",
"always makes patients feel worse"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An anxious mother watched as rescuers freed her baby from a muddy well. After being pulled from the well,the baby joyfully ran to its mom as the rescuers took a break. It was a difficult and potentially dangerous rescue: the baby was an 8-month-old elephant, and at first its mother thought the humans were trying to harm it. The baby elephant fell into the five-foot-deep well near Kenya's Amboseli National Park. Local people had dug the well for water. It took 30 minutes to remove the trapped elephant. While Vicki Fishlock of the Amboseli Trust for Elephants made a loud shout to frighten the mother away, two men struggled to get a rope around the baby elephant. Once the rope was in place, Fishlock used her jeep to pull the baby out. Fishlock recognized Zombe, the mother of the trapped baby elephant,from a mark on her ear. She believes that in the end Zombe realized the humans were trying to help. "Rescues where the elephant's family members are around are always stressful, and I'm always happy when everyone is safe," Fishlock said."The reunions always bring tears to my eyes. The depth of their love for each other is one of the things that make elephants so unusual." The very next day, another baby elephant fell into the same well. The 3-month-old's family had been driven away from the area by local people. Once it had been rescued, the Amboseli Trust had to send it to an elephant orphanage in Nairobi, Kenya's capital city. The rescues showed the _ of elephants across Africa. Elephants are fighting to survive, as conflicts between the animals and humans are increasing. Thousands of elephants are also being killed for their tusks. The tusks are sold in Asia, where ivory trinkets are in high demand. The Amboseli Trust has been studying elephants and trying to help them since 1972. Fishlock said, "We hope this rescue persuades people that elephants are special and deserve to be protected and treasured." What causes Fishlock to think that elephants are special?
|
[
"Their trust in humans.",
"The deep love between them.",
"Their great ability to survive.",
"The good communication between them."
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A farm planted levels or floors is called a vertical farm. A skyscraper type building can house a vertical farm. Since the garden is built upwards,rather than outwards,it requires much less space than a conventional farm. The world is quickly running out of room for conventional farming. Vertical farms could be a key to this situation. An 18story vertical farm could feed as many as 50,000 people,all in an area which is the size of the average city block. Vertical farms in the city could cut down on transportation costs as well. Think about the amount of fuel it takes to transport food from farmland to city. The resources saved would be surprising. Besides saving travel time,food would be delivered in fresher condition and with less damage. There is a growing concern about the use of pesticides in agriculture today. But the vertical farm would be a greenhouse type environment, avoiding the need for a large number of pesticides. Vertical farms can be built in a contained space,therefore they are an excellent solution for living well in an environment far different from our own. Hydroponics could be a big part of vertical gardening. This would reduce the amount of soil needed to grow food. Of course,not all food does well with this type of planting,but there are many crops that actually seem to do better. In some climates,a lack of sunlight creates a short growing season. The solar power option may not work as well here. The addition of grow lights would make it possible to grow crops in vertical gardens in these areas .In other words,we could grow crops in areas where we never could before. Vertical farms may just be a concept for now,but they are a concept that will solve many of our problems in the future. According to the passage, a vertical farm _ .
|
[
"is mainly built outwards",
"is dependent on solar power",
"is planted on levels upwards",
"is only an environmental friendly farm"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What does planting native plants has a positive impact on?
|
[
"markets",
"territory",
"winds",
"economies"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Burning less calories while walking seems like a bad idea, but making the walk easier may actually keep people on their feet longer, and that scientists say, has substantial health benefits. Analyzing the human walk, biomedical engineers Steven Collins and Greg Sawicki concluded that our ankles and calves perform motions similar to a spring coupled with a clutch that intermittently stores and releases energy. Sawicki, from the University of North Carolina, explained what's involved. "We found in basic science experiments that that system, your calf and Achilles tendon, works a lot like a catapult. So, the muscle holds on to the tendon and your body actually stretches your Achilles tendon quite a bit and then stores the energy in the tissue and then it's given back to _ you forward in the world," he said. Sawicki said he and his colleague Steven Collins at Carnegie Mellon University designed a mechanical device, made of carbon fiber and metal, that performs the same sequence of energy give-and-take outside the body. The system takes over part of the work of walking, and reduces the amount of required energy by as much as seven percent. Wearing the unpowered ankle exoskeleton can help people either walk farther with the same amount of energy, or restore the normal movement pattern for people who have trouble walking. Sawicki said it takes only a few minutes to get used to the exoskeleton but the wearer quickly learns to tone down the muscle energy as the device takes over part of the load. "You really don't notice it until when you take it off. And when you take it off you realize that it was there and giving you the boost," he said. Sawicki added that the device is primarily intended for people recovering from surgery or a stroke. But all persons who spend a lot of time walking, such as police officers or hospital personnel, could benefit from it. At the moment there are no plans to develop the ankle exoskeleton for the market, but the inventors say some manufacturers have expressed interest. What is true according to the passage ?
|
[
"The device can only benefit people with walking problems.",
"All people could benefit from it.",
"With the device, the walkers need seven percent as much as the energy otherwise.",
"The device can benefit people in the long term."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A dog's tail can tell you a lot more than you might think. Is it wagging to the left or is it wagging to the right? "The direction of tail wagging does in fact matter,"said Giorgio Vallortigara,a professor at the University of Trento in Italy. Professor Vallortigara finds that the way the tail is wagging can tell you a lot about a dog's state of mind--whether you're a human or another dog. What's the difference between a left wag and a right wag?Professor Vallortigara and his colleagues have studied 43 dogs of various breeds -- German Shepherds,Beagles,Boxers,Border Collies and some mutts. They find that if a dog wags its tail to the left. it's feeling anxious or nervous. The reason could be an unfamiliar or dangerous situation,an unfamiliar person,or an unfamiliar and possibly threatening dog. But if the tail is wagging to the right,it means the dog is feeling relaxed and approachable. "The tail is a very important signal,"said Thomas Reimchen,a biologist at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. "There is a lot of visual information that dogs use when communicating with each other. " How did the scientists figure all this information out? They had the dogs in their study watch videotapes of other dogs. When the dog on the tape wagged its tail to the right,they say the other dogs remained calm and cool. But when the dog on the tape wagged its tail to the left,the other dogs got anxious. The researchers are still not exactly sure if the direction of tail wagging is something the dog does consciously. They suspect that it might be something the dog does without even thinking about it -- kind of like when you get goose bumps if something scares or startles you. They plan to do more research to get more information about what dogs are thinking and feeling while they're wagging. As Reimchen said,"I'm not going to be surprised if we find all sorts of really interesting processes that nobody has ever seen before. " How does the passage mainly develop?
|
[
"By asking and analyzing questions",
"By making comparisons",
"By following the order of time",
"By providing examples"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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