question
stringlengths 4
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| choices
listlengths 2
5
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class label 4
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stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Which is true about the Sun and Earth?
|
[
"Earth gives light and heat energy to the Sun.",
"Earth gives only heat energy to the Sun.",
"The Sun gives light and heat energy to Earth.",
"The Sun gives only light energy to Earth."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Britain,it's bottoms up from the week before Christmas till the last firework explodes in the sky announcing the new year,.The last Friday before Christmas popularly known as'Mad Friday'--is one of the busiest periods for the country's pubs and clubs. But it's not just the bars that get busy.Ambulances and A&E departments around Britain get packed out too.Head injuries,,cuts,falls...it's easy to end up hurting yourself or others when self-control disappear and your head is spinning due to alcoho1.Revelers have been warned by the health authorities about the dangers of deadly drinking but drinking crazily seems to be part of the festivities for some. The charity Alcohol Concern is running a campaign of restriction by encouraging people to have a dry January. Jackie Ballard,the charity's Chief Executive,believes the campaign has been successful in recent years.She says:"More than two-thirds of people even six months later are drinking at reduced levels having had a month off drink.But also a study has shown the impact it has on people's health reducing their blood pressure and blood sugar levels." The study by the University of Sussex followed up nearly 900 participants in Alcohol Concern's Dry January campaign and found out that 72%of them had kept harmful drinking sessions down and 4%were still not drinking. Moderation seems to be the key to everything.The official recommendation for women is not to regularly drink more than 2 to 3 units of alcohol a day.The limit for men is 3 to 4 units of alcohol--no more than a pint of 5.2%ABV lager,beer or cider. The result of dry January campaign is that _ .
|
[
"many people stop drinking",
"people drink more than before",
"people can improve their health",
"people's blood pressure increases"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using the Internet , doctors "can answer more questions from more patients in a shorter time, " writes Dr Badal Pal, a famous doctor in Manchester, IJK. According to Pal, nearly 40% of American patients say they have used e-mail to communicate with a doctor in the past. He notes however, that although patients have such interest, only up to 2% of doctors in the United States offer e-mail services. Using e-mail, doctors can make sure of their advice and point patients to patients information materials and sources on the Internet. It's said that more than 10.000 health-oriented websites already exist now. However some people worry that widespread use of medical e-mail might set up two kinds of care--one "haves" and another for the "have-nots". But Pal points out that "In the near future nearly every library will offer (Internet and e-mail)services in the United States, " allowing even low-income patients to use such means. Pal also talks about other possible barriers to acceptance of medical e-mail. "Doctors may be unwilling to offer e-mail services for fear of increasing workload and uncertainty about the time they spent," he explained, and patients may worry that their medical information might be read by others. "But these problems can all be solved," he adds. E-mail may well help us a lot in health care, Pal concludes. "Patients want to know more than they can get in normal clinics," he points out, "and they might find communication on the information superhighway less fearful than face-to-face dialogue with their doctors." The article introduces a new way of patient-doctor communication _ .
|
[
"by e-mail",
"by visiting websites",
"by searching the Internet",
"by using the computer"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Teens are gaining weight. Today most teenagers are at least one size larger than teens were 20 years ago. Even clothing sizes have changed. Did you know that a small today used to be a medium, 20 years ago? A recent research shows 97%of teens need more exercise. It's bad news because too little exercise means you are missing a lot of good things in life. Exercise helps in two ways. First,exercise helps your body. Physical activity can make your body strong. It can also keep you at a healthy weight. Doctors say that people who stay at a healthy weight have fewer health problems. Second,exercise can help your mind. People who get plenty of physical activity might worry less and sleep better at night. You may even learn better in school. Students who are healthy can listen and understand better in class. So you can change your life and be more active at any point. It's never too late. An article called "How to Limit Screen Time and Get Moving"gives these ideas: Step away from the screen. Doctors call watching TV or playing video games screen time. You should have no more than two hours of screen time a day. You will enjoy life more if you live it instead of watching it! Start slowly. An hour a day can seem like a long time. Start with 10 minutes of new activities every day. Add more as you get stronger. Think about walking. Take the stairs instead of the lift. You will feel healthier. Make fitness fun. Find a sport you like. It doesn't need to be the traditional sports of basketball, soccer,or baseball. Those are all great sports and if you like them, play them. However,you can also try hiking,skateboarding,or even rope jumping. If you enjoy the sport,you will do it. Choose food carefully. Help your family shop for healthy food. Read the labels .Look for healthy foods. Eat lots of fiuits and vegetables. Stop buying soft drinks and junk foods. You will feel better if you eat right. Exercise with others. Find a friend or family member to exercise or play with you. You will have more fun and it helps keep you responsible for going. Where might you find this passage?
|
[
"In a story.",
"In a magazine.",
"In a play.",
"In a speech."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person in a dark room looking through a window can clearly see a person outside in the daylight. But a person outside cannot see the person inside. Why does this happen?
|
[
"There is not enough light being reflected off the person in the room.",
"Light rays cannot pass through a window twice.",
"Outside light does not pass through windows.",
"Sunlight is not as intense as other sources of light."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A firm handshake could be a sign of a longer life expectancy , according to British researchers. Scientists at the Medical Research Council found that elderly people who could still give a firm handshake and walk at a quick pace were likely to outlive their slower peers. They found simple measures of physical capability like shaking hands, walking, getting up from a chair and balancing on one leg were related to the life expectancy, even after accounting for age, sex and body size. The study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of the existing data from 33 studies. "These measures have been used in population-based research for quite a long time," said Rachel Cooper of the Medical Research Council's Unit for Lifelong Health and Aging. "They may be useful indicators for subsequent health." Cooper, whose study appears in the British Medical Journal, said more studies are needed to clarify whether the measures would be helpful to doctors as a screening tool. "I wouldn't suggest that we roll them out into clinical practice tomorrow, but it is possible that they could be used in the future," she told the media. The researchers examined 33 studies involving tens of thousands of people, most of whom were aged over 60 but living in the community rather than in hospital or care homes. The researchers found that those with the strongest hand grasps tended to live longer than those with weak grips. The death rate over the period of the studies for people with weak handshakes was 67 percent higher than for people with a firm grip. The slowest walkers were nearly three times more likely to die during the study period than swifter walkers. The people who were slowest to get up from a chair had about double the death rate compared to the quick risers. "Those people in the general population who have higher physical capability levels are likely to live longer," Cooper said. In which part of a newspaper would you most probably find this passage?
|
[
"Sports.",
"Health.",
"Economics.",
"Culture."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One morning, I stepped out of bed and put my feet on the floor. Suddenly, a mean little man jumped out from under the bed and stabbed (,) an ice pick through my left foot. Figuratively speaking, yes. I took another step and he stabbed it again. This went on all day. Step, stab, scream. Over the next few days, I started limping . My whole body hurt. Even my hair. I kept thinking that the little man would get tired of stabbing me and go pick on somebody else.We often take things for granted until we lose them or they start to hurt. My brother deals with pain every day. He's also blind and suffers from cerebral palsy , needs a walker to walk, doesn't take much for granted. I had to wonder: What would he think about my foot? Finally, after a week of pain, I went to see a very nice foot doctor. The doctor studied my foot, took X-rays, shook his head, and said the little man's name: Arthur Itis, or Arthritis . I knew it well. I'd often heard it hissed angrily by my grandparents and parents, all attacked by Arthur's ice pick when they got older. "Wait," I said. "Doesn't Arthur usually just pick on old people?" The doctor smiled, looking at my chart. "How old are you?" I gave him a look. "Never mind," I said. "Can you fix it?" "Well," he said, "we can try." He listed several options and I chose the injection . It didn't hurt much. Not half as much as the ice pick. That was yesterday. This morning, I awoke, took a few careful steps and ... hallelujah!It hurt just a bit, but no ice pick. I looked under the bed. No sign of Arthur. Maybe he was hiding in the closet, waiting for another day.But for now, he was gone, and I was grateful.My mind began to race with plans to do all the things I'd been putting off for days:unpack, clean the house, wash my hair ... Then it hit me. Another stab. Not in my foot. In my heart. I remembered that I hadn't called my brother in a long time. It's easy to take some things for granted. But it should never be the people we love. Why didn't the author go to see the doctor for the first week?
|
[
"Because she was afraid that her brother would laugh at her.",
"Because she thought it was too cold to step out of her room.",
"Because she expected that the pain would gradually disappear.",
"Because she believed that she could endure the pain like her brother did."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Any time! Any where! Decades ago there was no such thing" - "Communication". Then, September 7th 1987, the global system for mobile communication or GSM was born. And international agreements that laid out the standards, regulations and practices gave rise to a global mobile phone industry. To be honest, the world's first mobiles were not so attractive and the range of effectiveness wasn't very good. But they became a must-have among those wealthy people who could afford that. However, by advantage of GSM which has many different elements to it, we can all enjoy the ability to go around the world in 217 countries, land in that country and know that a phone would work. There are other cell phone systems using different technology in the world. The majority of the United States and parts of South America have been using something called CDMA which is very rare in Europe. In some Asian countries like China, GSM and CDMA both exist at the same time. But the GSM Association claims 85% of the global mobile phone market. They estimated there are now about 2.5 billion different users who make more than 7 trillion minutes of calls everyday, and that's not all. 20 years later, the mobile phone is so much more than just a phone. You can use it to send text messages, take pictures, show video, even surf the internet. "The phone itself is involved from just being a communication tool, to be a tool for round-the-clock connectivity, you can not live without it even in a minute." Mobile consultant Nick Lane also points out with so many customized styles and features, your mobile phone will become a symbol of you. Where will the global mobile phone industry be in another 20 years? Certainly, there will be more connections than better coverage. As for where else technology will take us, one can only imagine. It's most difficult to find a CDMA mobile phone in _ .
|
[
"the United States",
"South America",
"Europe",
"China"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which characteristic is found ONLY in mammals?
|
[
"eyes that detect color",
"glands that make milk",
"skin that absorbs oxygen",
"bodies that are protected by scales"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fungi
|
[
"can do their food chain jobs without ingestion",
"act as predators in the food chain",
"are always safe to ingest",
"occupy the top of the food chain"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where do many of the basic life functions take place in organisms?
|
[
"brain",
"cells",
"heart",
"nerves"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Standard English is the formal English that you need to use when you write in coursework or in the exam. Standard English is the form of English you learn in school. All written English should be standard -- that means it should be clear enough for anyone in Britain to understand it. Standard English developed as the main form of printed English in the 15th Century. At the time, every region of Britain used to spell words differently, but printers needed a fixed spelling. Printers like Caxton chose the East Midlands dialect form which was used in London and the South East. Soon Standard English replaced all written dialect forms -- the other forms of English spoken around the country. It also replaced French and Latin in law and in academic work. In the 18th Century, people wrote dictionaries and grammar books which standardized spelling -- Dr Johnson's Dictionary of 1755 fixed many of the spellings we still use today. All written English should be Standard English -- any grammar rules you learn are for Standard English and you will definitely need to learn them to avoid making mistakes in your work. The rules of Standard English mean using the correct forms of words with the correct spellings. Avoid slang words -- words that your teachers or friends wouldn't understand. You'll lose marks if the examiners can't understand what you say or write. Don't use dialect words. Every region has words or phrases that are only used there. Don't use them in your coursework, because you won't be understood. Make sure you revise grammar and punctuation you have learned, and learn the list of commonly misspelled words you have made. Cliches are ideas or sayings which have been used so often that they've become boring and unoriginal. Phrases like, "As good as it gets" "At the end of the day" "In the fullness of time" are all cliches. So are images like, "as fierce as a lion" "as cunning as a fox". If you use them you will sound boring and unimaginative -- that could mean you lose marks for writing and speaking style. So avoid cliches. What is standard English?
|
[
"the English spoken by British people.",
"the English spoken by American people.",
"the English used in London.",
"the English spoken by British people in 15th Century."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There is no doubt that Apple is well aware of the increased competition in the market and could be in a hurry to put another device out there, said Ramon Llamas, senior research analyst at IDC Mobile Devices Technology and Trends. Given its history with product launches and business policy, though, Apple probably isn't going to rush an iPhone release simply to put it on shelves, he said. "If you're Tim Cook (CEO of Apple), you're thinking if you want to pay more attention to how to keep growing that bottom line and keep investors happy, or continue with the same approach from Apple, which is do what we can do and manage products and releases in the best way they can work for us. Apple usually does things in their own time ,and I'm having a hard time buying this May or June timeline." Llamas told Mac News World. While it,s probable that Apple is definitely in a testing stage for its next smartphone , consumers likely have a standard wait for the finished product, said Colin Gibbs, analyst at GigaOm Pro. "It typically takes a year or longer to create a state-of-the-art smartphone, so no one should be surprised Apple is in the testing stages with the next iPhone. And while it's possible that Apple could launch the next iPhone this spring or summer, I'm not expecting to see it until a little later in the year," he told Mac News World. When it does launch, though, it could be in a variety of colors, said Gibbs. "Apple has already tested the waters with releasing colored devices when it revamped(,)its iPod line last fall, so it's not too much of a stretch to believe it would want the new twist with its smartphone, as well". "I wouldn't be surprised if the new iPhone becomes available in some new colors,'' he said. "That could be done pretty cheaply ,and it would give Apple a new marketing angle." According to Ramon Llamas, Apple always _ .
|
[
"tries to pleases its investors",
"does things as planned",
"ignores the fierce market competition",
"rushes to put new products to market"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which three systems of the human body function together to move and control body parts?
|
[
"nervous, skeletal, and muscular",
"muscular, endocrine, and excretory",
"digestive, excretory, and reproductive",
"circulatory, endocrine, and respiratory"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nancy and Sheila are in the same class. They are friends. Nancy wants to invite Sheila to dinner on Sunday. But Sheila doesn't know the way. Now Nancy is telling her. "It's easy. You can take No. 4 bus. After you get off at Red Road. cross it and take the first turning on the left. Walk along the road for about five minutes. and then you'll see a big tree. Go straight on for about a hundred meters. and you will see a big red house. This is not my home. Go past the big house about four hundred meters. and you'll see a small yellow house beside a little tree. Then you can open the door with your foot." "With my foot?" asks Sheila. "Why?" "Well. you won't come to my house empty-handed , will you?" answers Nancy. How far is it from the big tree to the small yellow house?
|
[
"It's five minutes' walk.",
"It's a hundred minutes' ride.",
"It's about two hundred meters.",
"It's about five hundred meters."
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some health care professionals recommend that children use insect repellent before going outside. Using insect repellent is a good way to keep the insects from
|
[
"reproducing.",
"laying eggs.",
"spreading disease.",
"dying."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tendons work with what to move the bodies skeletal system
|
[
"wires",
"meat",
"robots",
"ropes"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
NASA is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed Lander on Mars' icy North Pole to search for clues for water and possible signs of life. The $386 million Phoenix Mars is planned to touch down in the Martian arctic in 2008. The stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples to analyze. In 2002, the Mars Odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surface. Scientists hope the Phoenix mission will find clues to the geologic history of water on the Red Planet and determine whether microbes existed in the ice. Phoenix will be the first mission of the Mars Scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the Red Planet. "The Phoenix mission explores new territory in the northern plains of Mars analogous to the permafrost regions on Earth," Peter Smith said. True to its name, Phoenix rose from the ashes of previous missions. The lander for Phoenix was built to fly as part of the 2001 Mars Surveyor program. But the program broke down after the well-known disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in 1999. The Polar Lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planet's south pole after its rocket engine shut off _ , causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destruction. The Phoenix probe had been in storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Denver before it was reused for its present mission. It will carry science instruments that were designed for the Mars Surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic arm. Phoenix will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center in August 2007 and land on the planet nine months later. According to the passage, the name "Phoenix" is after the meaning of _ .
|
[
"rebirth",
"death",
"energy",
"hope"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The United States is already one year into a depression That was the news this week from the Na-tional Bureau of Economic Research. The downturn is the longest since a depression that began in 1981and lasted sixteen months. Economists generally wait for production to shrink for six months in a row before they declare a re-cession. But the bureau, a private group, uses a wider set of information to measure the economy. Thenews only confirmed what many people already knew: that the world's largest economy is weak and maynot recover soon. Worsening conclitions have led to a big drop in spending, especially on costly products like new cars. Even Japanese automaker Toyota saw its sales fall thirty - four percent in the United States in November from a year ago. The heads of Chrysler, Ford and General Motors retumed to Congress this week to again ask for federal aid. Congressional leaders denounced them two weeks ago after they came in private jets with no clear plans for saving their industry. This time, the chiefs drove to Washington in fuel- saving hybrid vehicles. And their companies presented detailed restructuring plans. The reguest for aid has risen from twenty-five billion dollars two weeks ago to thirty-four billion in loans and credit lines. G.M. wants almost half of that, and says it needs four billion dollars this month. It warned that without support it cannot continue to operate. Ford is in a better position, But the sharing of suppliers means it could be affected if G.M. or Chrysler fails. Ford is asking for a nine billion dollar credit line in case it needs it. Chrysler is the smallest and most trouble of America's Big Three. It says it needs a seven billion dollar loan by the end of the month. Two days of congressional hearings began Thursday in the Senate Banking Committee. The chairman, Democrat Chris Dodd, said he would support helping the automakers for the good of the economy. But the committee's top Republican, Richard Shelby, continued to express opposition to a bailout . A main root of the world financial crisis is the weak housing market in the United States. The Trea-sury Department has been under pressure to help troubled homeowners. Now comes news that the depart-ment is developing a plan aimed at reducing interest rates on mortgage loans for some buyers of homes. That could be good for homeowners trying to sell. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"The hearings on Thursday agreed on a federal aid to the automakers.",
"The main cause of the crisis is weak housing market in the U.S..",
"The government is taking measures to save t he housing market.",
"The Treasury Department had to help the troubled homeowners."
] | 0A
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Liam acquired this trait?
|
[
"Liam has three jump ropes, each made of a different material.",
"Liam won a competition at his school with his jump rope tricks.",
"Liam's sister taught him how to do tricks with a jump rope."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
While it may be unlikely for a computer to write a best seller, a technology expert has created a computer program that writes its own fiction stories with minimal user input. The program, called MEXICA, is the first to generate original stories based on computerized representations of emotions and tensions between characters. An Internet survey was carried out to see the popularity of the computer-generated stories, other computerized stories and stories written solely by a human. The result was that readers ranked MEXICA stories highest for flow and coherence, structure, content, suspense and overall quality. Rafael Perezy Perez, the creator of MEXICA, explained that a story might begin with something as basic as, "The enemy wounded the knight. The princess cured the knight. The knight killed the enemy. The knight rewarded the princess. The end." The program reads characters as variables and assigns a numerical value, between a continuum from -3 to +3, to emotional connections that are defined as either amorous or non-amorous. The numerical value is equivalent to the degree of emotion, with -3 being intense hate and +3 being intense love. The program also understands story tension, such as linking the word "wounded" with tension. This too is assigned a numerical value. Once these clusters of emotional links and tensions are established, the program begins what is called an "engagement reflection cycle". Basically this involves searching a database of story actions and other happenings, which are called "atoms", and determines the best match for the characters and contexts for that moment. The process repeats itself again and again until the system can no longer make any matches. At this point, the computer analyzes the story for coherence and "interestingness". The program views a story as interesting when tension levels increase and fall throughout the piece. If the program finds that the story is boring or incoherent in places, it will replace or insert atoms until a version is thought to be satisfactory. How does the computer system describe the characters in its story?
|
[
"Characters in the story are given different numerical values.",
"Characters are developed according to the tension preset.",
"Characters are designed by using the language MEXICA can understand.",
"Each character is valued for its value in the construction of the story."
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a road from one end of a city to the other?
|
[
"3 feet",
"3 miles",
"3 yards",
"3 inches"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Four Simple Keys to Transform Your Life The Power of Choice.Every one of us makes countless choices every day.Every choice we make has an impact on our lives.Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel.When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food.The more important the decision, the greater its effect.For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I actively set clear intentions and create what I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way. How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life better not only for you, but also for those around you.This foundation is to choose based on what's best for all.Imagine a world where every parent, spouse , friend, teacher, business person, and politician truly did their best to choose what's best for all involved in every decision they made. We would certainly live in a more caring, supportive world. It's the Intention."But how do I know what is really best?" you might ask.The answer is simple.It doesn't matter.What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention beind your choice.What matters is that whatever decision you make, you are clear in your intention of choosing based on what's best for all.If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, there's no need for guilt.Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for what's best for all, your conscience stays clear and open.This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind. What's Best for Me, Too! Choosing what's best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others.An overly exhausted mother can lose her temper easily.Some time off for this mother might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children.So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose what's best for all. How to choose what is best for us?
|
[
"We need to devote all our life to others.",
"We need to put away some time for ourselves.",
"We need to sacrifice ourselves for others.",
"We need to be selfless every minute."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many types of motion occur in our solar system. Which type of motion describes one Earth year?
|
[
"the revolution of the sun around Earth",
"the revolution of Earth around the sun",
"the rotation of the sun around Earth",
"the rotation of Earth around the sun"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Rose has four cousins.They are Ann, Betty, Peter and Bill.Pose is the oldest of them.Betty is thirteen years old.She is two years younger than Pose and one year older than Peter.Bill is nine.Ann, the youngest is seven. Betty and Peter are good at running.But Peter runs faster.Pose and Ann like to play basketball.Rose plays better than Ann.Bill is the best singer of them five.Rose an Betty study in a middle school.Ann, Peter and Bill study in a primary school.These five children all work hard at their lessons.But Betty works the hardest. Peter is _ years old
|
[
"nine",
"twelve",
"thirteen",
"fifteen"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Darek Fidyka, a 38-year-old Bulgarian, had been paralyzed from the chest down for four years after a knife attack. Scientists from Britain and Poland took cells from his nose, transplanted them into his back and re-grew his spinal cord . Now he can walk and even drive a car. The doctors were delighted but said it was the first step in a long journey. The breakthrough came after 40 years of research by Professor Geoff Raisman, who found that cells had the possibility to repair damage to nasal nerves, the only part of the nervous system that constantly re-grows. "The idea was to take something from an area where the nervous system can repair itself and put it into an area that doesn't repair itself," Professor Raisman said. Polish doctors injected the nasal cells into Mr Fidyka's spinal cord above the injury and used some nerves from his ankle to form a bridge across the damaged tissue. The nasal cells appear to have caused the spinal nerves to repair themselves. Professor Raisman achieved this with rats in the late 1990's, but this is his greatest success. "I think the moment of discovery for me was Christmas in 1997 when I first saw a rat, which couldn't control its hand, put its hand out to me. That was an exciting moment, because I realized then that my belief that the nervous system could be repaired was true." Doctors chose the easiest case for their first attempt--it might not work for others. But there is a real sense of hope that an idea once thought impossible has been realized. David Nicholls, who helped provide money for the breakthrough, said information about the breakthrough would be made available to researchers across the globe. "What you've got to understand is that for three million paralyzed people in the world today, the world looks a totally brighter place than it did yesterday," he said. What made Professor Geoff Raisman begin to believe the nervous system can be repaired?
|
[
"His former study with other people.",
"His operation on a paralyzed patient.",
"His sudden thought about Christmas.",
"His unusual experience with a sick rat."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eat less and exercise more--it has long been a magic word for reducing those extra weight. But now it seems that all the hard work may have been in vain. Scientists say there are ten other reasons why people just keep getting bigger. They say that sleeping habits, central heating, medicines and even some pollutants can play a role in weight gain. Traditionally, people have focused on diet and exercise to solve the problem. However the scientists from top US and Canadian universities say that other things must be considered. Lack of sleep could be partly the reason. In recent years, the average night's sleep has dropped from nine hours to just seven. Sleep shortage changes levels of the hormones that control food intake and body fat and increase hunger and appetite. If it is too hot or too cold, we burn calories to cool down or heat up. But if the temperature is just right, the calories may be turned into body fat instead. Those who take medicine to control their blood pressure can often put on weight. Similarly, studies have shown that going on the Pill can add to a woman's weight. Mother nature may also be the reason, with our body shape being partly inherited . The overweight are also more likely to settle with partners of a similar size. And their children are more likely to be obese . And the use of pollutants is on the rise, say the researchers. The man-made chemicals in pesticides and plastics can lead to weight gain. Your mother's age and your weight at birth are also important, with older woman more likely to have obese children and underweight babies having a bigger chance of being obese in later life. We also tend to put on weight as we get older. Finally, giving up smoking can also help pile on the pounds. The scientists from Yale, Cornell and Johns Hopkins said there was some evidence supporting poor diet and lack of exercise as the main causes of obesity. What would women prefer to do to have healthy children?
|
[
"To have only one child.",
"To marry at an older age.",
"To marry a strong husband.",
"To give birth to a baby at younger age."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Department stores sell ready- to-wear clothing, which is also called ready-made clothing. Such clothing is made in fixed sizes. Those people who find that ready-made clothing fits them well can save money by buying it. Most often, people do not fit exactly into a producer's size. Their clothing must be altered to make it fit better. However, most alterations are not very expensive. The small cost of most alterations means that ready-made clothing can meet the needs of most customers. Those who can afford it often get someone to design and make their clothing. Such clothing is called custom-made. The person who makes it measures the customer, and then sews it so that it fits perfectly. Alterations are not needed. Custom-made clothing is largely sewn by hand, has better quality, better material, and is of the style you have chosen. Of course, it costs much more than ready-to-wear clothing. You need to pay the difference for the special fitting and better skill that you are receiving. This often means that you spend double or more than you would for a ready-made garment. Custom-made clothing is not always that much better than ready-made clothing. It costs more partly because only one garment has been made, just for you. Companies that produce ready-made products make thousands of garments at a time. This means they can buy large quantities of material. Workers cut each size by the hundreds. Companies work out ways to make the garments quickly by machine and pay workers according to their skill. Thus they can sell the finished products at a low price while still making money. Most of the clothing sold in the United States is made in this way. Customers gain from the lower prices which are made possible by mass production. It may or may not give them high quality. We can learn from the passage that custom-made clothing is _ .
|
[
"specially made",
"fashionably designed",
"chosen by few people",
"made with difficulties"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People are more likely to wash their hands properly after using the toilet if they are shamed into it or think they are being watched, scientists said on Thursday. Hand-washing is the cheapest way of controlling disease but less than one third of men and two thirds of women wash their hands with soap after going to the toilet, a British study by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine showed. But when prompted by an electronic message flashing up on a board asking: "Is the person next to you washing with soap?," around 12 percent more men and 11 percent more women used soap. Health authorities around the world are stepping up efforts to persuade people to be more hygienic and wash their hands properly to help slow the spread of H1N1 swine flu, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in June. "Hand-washing with soap has been ranked the most effective way for the worldwide control of disease," the study's authors wrote. "It could save more than a million lives a year from diarrhoeal diseases, and prevent respiratory infections -- the biggest causes of child mortality in developing countries." In developed nations, hand-washing can help prevent the spread of viral infections like flu and sickness and diarrhea bugs like norovirus and rotavirus, as well as hospital-acquired infections like MRSA and C-difficile, the authors said. The researchers studied the behavior of a quarter of a million people using toilets at motorway service stations in Britain over 32 days.Use of soap was monitored by sensors. The study, published in the American Journal of Public Health to mark Global Hand-washing Day, showed that with no reminders, 32 percent of men and 64 percent of women used soap. In which of the following situation can people wash their hands properly?
|
[
"After they going to toilet.",
"when they think they are being watched.",
"When they think their hands are dirty.",
"When they find soap nearby."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific progress will one day help humans to last tens of years longer than what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span . " I think _ ," said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. " I think by 2075 we will see it and that's a conservative estimate ." At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said progress in using genes as well as nanotechnology makes it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. " There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. " Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years." However, many scientists who research into aging are doubtful about _ and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also disagree on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen whether you could be healthy enough to have good quality of life when you pass 120." said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center. " At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all." By saying " we are knocking at the door immortality", Michael Zey means _ .
|
[
"they believe that there is no limit of living",
"they are sure to find the truth about long living",
"they have got some ideas about long living",
"they are able to make people live beyond the present life span"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have recently discovered that mothers tend to hold their baby on the left.Of 255 right-handed mothers,83% held the baby on the left.And out of 32 left-handed women,78%held the baby on the left As a control( ),women were watched coming from supermarkets carrying baby-sized bags;the bags were held with no side preference. Then,dental patients were given a large rubber ball to hold during treatment.The majority held the ball to their left side,even when it was interrupted with the dentist's activities. This suggested that in times of stress objects are held against the left side. At that point,something clearly contrary was observed.A large number of mothers who brought their premature babies to a clinic were seen to hold their babies against their right side. So,115 mothers who had been separated from their babies for 24 hours after birth were observed for holding response.The experimenters presented the baby directly to midline of the mother's body, and noted how she held the baby.53% placed the baby on the left and 47% on the right.And it was also noted that the mothers of the group who had held their baby on the left had already had a baby from which they had not been separated after birth. Left-handed holding enables the baby to hear the heartbeat.In order to discover whether hearing the heart has a beneficial effect on the baby,the sound of a human heart-beat was played to 102 babies in a New York nursery for 4 days.A control group of babies was not exposed to heart-beats.The babies in the heart-beat group gained more weight and cried far less than the babies in the control group. The experiments proved that_.
|
[
"mothers have an instinct to hold their babies on the left immediately after birth",
"mothers hold their babies on the left in times of stress",
"mothers of premature babies do not have the instinct to hold their babies on the left",
"mothers find it more comfortable to carry their babies on the left because the heart is on that side"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A creature of a certain age lays a clutch, so it is probably a
|
[
"deer",
"hare",
"falcon",
"bear"
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. Toreduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuelsthough some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Traveling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss key road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faulfs. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" high-sided vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The color1 of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape. And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort. But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations ,some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are slighter interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road, such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal tool, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon. What has been researched to improve the safety of a car according to the passage?
|
[
"Some developments in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.",
".A digital camera that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.",
".Satellite tracking that can help drivers to improve their vision.",
"Artificial intelligence that help drivers to see through big vehicles."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The gray-haired lady can't wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago. Not all cases of Alzheimer's disease look like this, but Alzheimer's is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75. It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer's. In the early stages, people may exhibit short-term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs. While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain's nerve fibers , their effect is certain. Alzheimer's destroys not only the patients, but also spouses , friends and families. What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Though many reasons other than Alzheimer's disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects. What feeling will you likely experience if a loved one suffers from Alzheimer's disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn't remember you are married. Life for the Alzheimer's patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them. When people suffer from Alzheimer's disease, _ .
|
[
"their families and friends will suffer from the same disease",
"their families and friends will experience mental sufferings",
"they will certainly die in 8 to 10 years",
"they will forget everybody but their spouses"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?
|
[
"brown eyes",
"red eyes"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way? While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach the place that we are going to. So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut-eye. They would have to sleep for years. European researchers are now doing hibernation experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a space flight to distant planets. "If there was an effective technology, it could make deep-space travel come true," said Mark Ayer of the European Space Agency last month. What seems like science fiction is not completely impossible. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don't age. They have now moved on to small, non-hibernating mammals like rats. The results will be out soon. A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, but body organs are far more complex . "It's like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer," said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy's University of Pavia. Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person's metabolism to lower so they would need less energy. Medical research, however, is just half of a space flight hibernation system. There is the challenge of designing a suitable protective place to live. Such a place would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator. According to Ayer, the six-person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission to Jupiter's moon Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six humans on a five-year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045. , . The first try of the hibernation technology _ the six person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission to Jupiter's moon Callisto.
|
[
"will be",
"has been planned for",
"is certain to be",
"may be"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin. Al Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves. Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one. The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were _ by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94. The main idea of this passage is that _ .
|
[
"large numbers of people do not need sleep",
"everyone needs some sleep to stay alive",
"people can live longer by trying not to sleep at all",
"a person was found who actually didn't need any sleep"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Great Walking in Space",
"Conditions in Space",
"Healthcare in Space",
"Women in Space"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity - or extreme overweight - among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% - and is growing. This text is mainly about the relationship between _ .
|
[
"children and adults",
"Americans and the French",
"life style and obesity",
"fast food and overweight"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Salt plays an important role in our daily diet. Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict -how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The result: Thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams,or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodiu , which is how foods may list their salt content. The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative.The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference. Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves. McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. Parents given the counts chose an average of one hundred two fewer calories when asked what they would order for their children. Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves. Study leader Pooja Tandon says even small calorie reductions on a regular basis can prevent weight gain over time.The study was published in the journal Pediatrics. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
|
[
"Relationship between Salt and Health",
"Less Salt Can Mean Being More Healthy",
"A Survey on People's Regular Diet",
"Mayor Michael Bloomberg and His Health Project"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Christina investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?",
"Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?",
"Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When liquid water freezes, it forms ice. What is the physical state of an ice cube?
|
[
"gas",
"solid",
"liquid",
"plasma"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Schools and parents in Shenzhen City have been asked to take better care of children's eyesight as 45 percent of them were found to be shortsighted. Too much reading, poor lighting and too much TV are blamed . Of the city's high school graduates who applied to study at colleges this summer, but now he gets up earlier. Because of being shortsighted many school graduates _ .
|
[
"weren't allowed to enter college",
"couldn't graduate from high school",
"couldn't choose to study what they liked best",
"lost their limited time"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet . When the fragments landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet? The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic. On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia. Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won't escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn't survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end? 56.Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?
|
[
"Because they could only live in the warm climate",
"Because their extinction indicates future disasters",
"Because they once dominated the earth",
"Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Science Daily--Kids may roll their eyes when their mothers asks them about their school day, but answering her may actually help them learn. New research from Vanderbilt University reveals that children learn the solution to a problem best when they explain it to their mom. "We knew that children learn well with their moms or with a peer, but we did not know if that was because they were getting feedback and help," Bethany Rittle-Johnson, the study's lead author and assistant professor of psychology at Vanderbilt's Peabody College of education and human development, said. "In this study, we just had the children's mothers listen, without providing any assistance. We've found that by simply listening, a mother helps her child learn." Rittle-Johnson believes the new finding can help parents better assist their children with their schoolwork, even when they are not sure of the answer themselves. Although the researchers used children and their mothers in the study, they believe the same results will hold true whether the person is the child's father, grandparent, or other familiar persons. "The basic idea is that it is really effective to try to get kids to explain things themselves instead of just telling them the answer," she said. "Explaining their reasoning, to a parent or perhaps to other people they know, will help them understand the problem and apply what they have learned to other situations. We saw that this simple act of listening by mom made a difference in the quality of the child's explanations and how well they could solve more difficult problems later on. Who will be the least help to a kid when he is explaining, according to Rittle-Johnson?
|
[
"The kid's mom.",
"The kid's grandmother.",
"A peer.",
"A relative the kid doesn't know."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Tim's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene?
|
[
"Mm",
"having Thomsen disease"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
My son wanted to give a party for my birthday. We discussed the invitations and the cost of the party. However, we had very different ideas about whom and how many people to invite. He thought that the people we knew had badly disappointed me by not keeping in touch with me since the death of my wife. But my idea of a relationship among people was to be friendly to everyone. He said, "Come on, Dad, where have all these so-called friendly, good people been since Mum passed away? They visited us in the past because Mum made good food." I replied, "I am sorry to hear that. Is this the reason why you do not want to invite those people? It's no wonder that you are unhappy. Can you live alone? Are you teaching your children to do the same in the future?" I asked myself where I had gone in his upbringing. My wife had often blamed me for not paying enough attention to communication with other people when I was raising our son. I realized at this moment that she was quite right. Hours later, my son phoned me to say that he accepted his wife's advice and agreed to have a party with some of my friends. In the end, we had a great time. And he didn't "hate" those friends any more. "Happy Birthday, Dad! Sorry that I have kept you away from your friends. I love you." On hearing what he said, I was full of happiness and excitement. I was proud that he could change his mind. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"The father finally gave in to his son.",
"The father didn't want the birthday party.",
"The son's wife was against his father.",
"The mother paid a lot of attention to relationships."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A chemical property of a mineral is evident if the mineral
|
[
"breaks easily when struck with a hammer",
"bubbles when acid is placed on it",
"is easily scratched by a fingernail",
"reflects light from its surface"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When will a plant be considered a weed? Experts have a simple answer: when the undesirable qualities outweigh (,) the good qualities. Crops generally produce several hundred seeds from each plant. By comparison, each weed plant can produce tens or even hundreds of thousands of seeds. And some buried seeds can survive up to forty years or even longer. Eradicating weeds means that you have to remove all the seeds and roots so the weeds will die completely. But birds or the wind can reintroduce them to the land. A common way to deal with weeds is to control them enough so that the land can be used for planting. Experts suggest using more methods to deal with weeds. Chemical weed killers or natural treatments like corn gluten can suppress weed growth. Bill Curran is a professor of weed science. He says the most efficient method for suppressing weeds is dense planting. Dense planting of a crop can also act as a natural control. A dense and competitive crop that quickly shades the soil will help suppress many weeds. The weed seeds need light to grow, so cutting off sunlight will reduce weed growth. Other controls include turning over the soil, pulling the weeds or covering them with mulch made of wood, garden waste or other materials. But even mulch has its limits. Natural resource specialists point out that weeds can be transported in mulch. This is also true of soil, grain, hay and animals. Yet animals like sheep or goats eat weeds, so they can provide a biological control. Insects and other organisms can also act as biological controls. Preventing the spread of weeds is an important part of weed management. Farm vehicles should be kept out of areas with weeds. If that is not possible, then clean off the equipment and your shoes when leaving. Some people bum weeds or bury them deep. Experts say the economical way is to make organically rich compost . On the one hand, the process produces heat which can kill many weed seeds. On the other hand, the compost can be added to the soil to help plants grow. Why do people kill all the seeds and roots of weeds?
|
[
"Because the seeds and roots are bad in quality.",
"Because weeds have strong ability to live.",
"Because weeds take up too much space.",
"Because the seeds and roots will be eaten by birds."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Spending a lot of time watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Web causes a lot of healthy problems to children such as overweight and smoking, US researchers said yesterday. U.S. experts analyzed 173 studies on how media sources influence the physical health of children and adolescents . The studies, mostly carried out in the prefix = st1 /United States, largely focused on television, but some looked at video games, films, music, computer and Internet use. Three quarters of them found that increased media viewing was connected with poor health. The studies offered strong evidence that children who get more media exposure are more likely to become overweight, start smoking and begin earlier sexual activity than those who spend less time in front of a screen, the researchers said. Studies also showed more media exposure is linked to drug and alcohol use and poorer school performance. "We were pretty surprised by the number of studies that showed these negative health results," said one of the researchers in the report. For decades, experts have worried about the effect on young viewers of the violence and sexual content in some TV programs, movies and video games. Another issue is that kids are spending time sitting on a couch watching TV or playing computer games when they could be running around outside. One study found that children who spend more than eight hours watching TV per week at age 3 are more likely to be overweight at 7. And research showed that many USchildren watch far more. Another study showed TV and other media content can have a deep influence on children's attitudes and beliefs, particularly among teens. A US study published in November showed that adolescents who watched more programs with sexual themes had a higher risk of becoming pregnant or causing a pregnancy. Thirteen of 14 studies that evaluated sexual behavior found a connection between media exposure and earlier sexual behavior, the researchers said. What's the best title for this passage?
|
[
"What's the Cause of Children's Overweight?",
"Violence and Sexual content in TV programs.",
"Lots of TV, Video, Web Harms Kids' Health.",
"Media Exposure and Adolescent Pregnancy."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Smart home applications can share all kinds of helpful information with homeowners. There appears a new housing platform which can detect the stress on electricity -- and the stress on the heart. "There is a growing population of elderly people, and there are statistics to show that more and more of them are going to live alone in the home," said Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in the U.K., who was leading the InterHome project. The system was originally designed to provide remote access to a house so owners could be more energy-efficient. In a small type of the system, set-in controller devices connect securely to the Internet. The owner can then monitor them with a cell phone or computer. User feedback helps the system adapt to routines, saving on electricity. While thinking about responding to user behavior and an increasingly elderly population, the researchers decided to add wristband technology that senses important organs of the body such as body temperature and pulse, Siau said. "If someone were to fall, it would detect the fall and it would immediately start the monitor of the pulse to see if the person has gone into shock ," he said. The wristband communicates with the home system wirelessly. Data from the band can be securely transmitted to the home network and accessed by authorized users. "We're working on trying to reduce it to a level where it could potentially be a wrist-sized product," Siau said. But he warned that the technology presented new challenges. "When you start using that on a larger scale, you have issues of privacy or security," he said. Siau said the InterHome home system isn't intended to invade privacy. "We're thinking about the elderly people who are living alone with no one looking after them," he said. "Hopefully this will be able to decrease some concerns and possibly save a few lives." The system was first designed for a house owner to _ .
|
[
"keep watch on his house",
"keep his house safe",
"monitor the elderly people inside",
"save electricity"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where does oxygen-rich blood go after leaving the lungs?
|
[
"the brain.",
"the heart.",
"the kidney.",
"the stomach."
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Like people, plants experience stress. And also, like people, the response to that stress can determine success. Bad environmental conditions, such as drought, flood, heat and other stresses, affect yields more than crop pests and diseases. We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields, said Stephen Howell, a professor of genetics and cell biology. Plant cells produce proteins and ship them to different parts of the cell. Under normal conditions, these proteins are folded into their normal, healthy structures as they are produced. When a plant is under stress, its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a built-in system senses this and "sets off an alarm in the cell," said Howell. In response to the alarm, another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive. "As it turns out, responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants," said Howell. "This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions." For plants in the wild, this response is a help for survival, he said. In production of agriculture crops, however, this response reduces yields. "You don't want crop plants to stop growing," Howell said. "You want them to continue to grow and produce even though they are under stress." With the new understanding of this stress response, the next step may be to silence the alarm system, said Howell. "What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses. That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions." How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?
|
[
"By making crop plants keep more energy.",
"By making crop plants stop growing.",
"By making the alarm system stop working.",
"By making the alarm system respond quickly."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sleep is very important. A person who does not sleep dies faster than a person who does not eat. We spend about a third (1/3) of our lives sleeping. That's about 121 days a year! How much sleep do we need? We are all different. A baby needs 16 hours of sleep every day. Children 6 to 12 years old need an average of 10 to 12 hours of sleep. Teenagers need 9 to 10 hours of sleep. An adult needs an average of 7 to 8 hours a night. There are some people who need only 3 hours of sleep. Others need 10 hours of sleep. After the age of 50, the average sleep time goes down to 6.5 hours a night. We need less sleep as we get older. About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep. Many of these people can't fall asleep. The name of this problem is _ . Some people say, "I didn't sleep all night." But that's not really true. They may sleep lightly and wake up several times. In the morning, they only remember the times they were awake , so they think they were awake all night. This is not a new problem. Many famous people in history had insomnia. Some of these people had special ideas to make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin had four beds. He moved from one to another to fall asleep. Mark Twain had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of the bed! Which of the following is true according to the passage?
|
[
"We will die soon if we don't sleep well.",
"The older we get, the less sleep we need.",
"We can't tell a person's age from his sleep time.",
"Famous people move from one bed to another to fall asleep."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"stop sign",
"van",
"rhinoceros beetle",
"house"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping According to a weather expert's prediction , the atmosphere will be 3degC warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate.If this warming up took place.the ice caps in the poles would begin to inch,thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities.Also.the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere ,possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones. In the past,concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic.which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming,in other words,by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing.The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place.This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere,where temperatures seem to be falling.Scientists conclude,therefore ,that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man.The question is:Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun.Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and 'cold' spots (that is, the ly less hot spots)on the sun.As the sun rotates ,every 27.5 days,it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth,and different aspects to different parts of the earth.This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth atmospheric pressure,and consequently on wind circulation.The sun is also changeable over a long term:its heat output goes up and down in cycles,the latest trend being downward. ' Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years,including the last ice Age.The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not.One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth's climate.If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat. The article was written to explain_.
|
[
"the green house effect",
"the solar effects on the earth",
"the causes affecting weather",
"the models of solar weather interactions"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cats are creatures of habit. They like to go to sleep about the same time every day and for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside them that tells them when to sleep. Cats increase their regular sleep with occasional cat naps . Some experts feel that humans could also benefit from this habit. Cat naps help to build up energy in the body. They are also a good way to get rid of trouble! Since cats have the same moods as humans, some experts believe that people can improve their moods. People might become happier. A number of famous people have copied cats by taking cat naps during the day. The naps would usually last from 15 to 30 minutes. Winston Churchill took cat naps. So did Presidents Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. These famous men were known for their energy. They were also able to work long hours, often into the night. Napping was their secret. Taking cat naps _ .
|
[
"will make a person lazy and tried",
"is a bad habit",
"will make people feel better",
"can help people to become famous"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A shiny aluminum screen can be placed on the windshield of a parked car. This screen helps to keep the car cool because it
|
[
"reflects the sunlight",
"absorbs heat",
"causes evaporation",
"conducts electricity"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves. Did you ever wonder how and why a fall leaf changes color? Where do the yellows and oranges come from? To answer those questions, we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do. Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose, which is a kind of sugar. Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing. The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photosynthesis, which means " putting together with light. " A chemical called chlorophyll helps make photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll is what gives plants their green color. As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter. During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. The trees will rest, and live off the food they stored during summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. The green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. As the bright green fades away, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. Small a-mounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along. Covered up by the green chlorophyll, we just can't see them in summer. The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in the fall. In some trees, like maples, glucose is trapped in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn cause the leaves turn this glucose into a red color. The brown color of trees like oaks is made from wastes left in the leaves. It is the combination of all these things that make the beautiful colors we enjoy in the fall. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
|
[
"Trees don't change colours with seasons.",
"Trees can still perform photosynthesis well in winter.",
"Trees have colours like yellow and orange even in summer.",
"Trees don't need food in winter."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Although we already know a great deal about flu, and although the World Health Organizations is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of flu reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for epidemiologists, who study infectious diseases, to predict when and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how serious it will be. There are three kinds of flu virus, known as A, B and C. flu C virus is ly stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which can be changed into immunity to that type of virus but a virus with the ability to change its character is able to bypass this protection. Variability is less developed in the flu B virus, which affects only human beings. As flu B virus may cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and will be immune. The flu A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the world epidemic, of 1918&1919, when about half the world's population were infected and about twenty million people died, some from pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary complication caused by bacteria. Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved immunity. The extent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own strength, or virulence , the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the opposition it encounters . Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the world situation. What does the author say about the flu B virus?
|
[
"B Virus is ly stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population.",
"B Virus is unstable, and is responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern.",
"B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease.",
"B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nearly a thousand people laugh heartily together for half an hour every morning in a park in Shenzhen. Guangzhou Daily took a closer look at those happy people. They are members of a group named Laughing Club, and when they get together, all they do is laugh. Zhang Lixin, the founder of the club and regarded as the 'laugh leader', told the paper that laughing does him a lot of good. He started after he read some advice in a book and tried giggling after quarrelling with his wife to relax. After laughing for a few days, Zhang found himself more outgoing and relaxed. Soon his wife joined him, bringing the family more laughter and less bickering. When he got to know a kind of "laughing yoga" is good for the health, Zhang went to Bombay to learn from the locals and developed what he learned into more than 30 ways of laughing. The "lion bellow "is to shout with the fingers outstretched near the ears. There is the "open mouth laugh", the "bow-pulling laugh", the "welcoming laugh" and even the "quarrelling laugh", with different arm movements of laugh style. The "laugh movement" swept over Shenzhen in a few of months, attracting tens of thousands of people to join, and has been followed in nearby cities such as Guangzhou. Every morning at the lake front and at 8 pm on every Monday, Wednesday, Friday at the mountain peak square in Lianhua Mountain Park, club members gather to laugh and shout loudly. The people in Laughing Club laugh because they _ .
|
[
"live a happy life",
"always feel happy",
"just can't help it",
"want to relax themselves"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Commencement is a time for idealism. But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new graduate. They have been told repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame to the global economy. But that's not necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at he Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin. It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees. The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers. The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economics pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity. The earnings of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains. Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation's income, is going to Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top of 1 percent of Americans---whose average annual income was $ 1.1 million--- took in 21.8 percent of the nation's income, their largest share since 1929. Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality, reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average bachelor's degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy. They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions promote equality. Positive measures have been _ and new ones have not yet emerged, making the income gap even greater. Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin conclude that only a new government policy can restore general prosperity. That's a challenge to the nation's leader and today's graduates. America needs them to contribute to the development of the nation in global economy. The passage is mainly about that _ .
|
[
"there is a big income gap between female and male college graduates in America.",
"college graduates find it hard to find an ideal job after graduation in America.",
"research shows that American government should take measures to ensure income equality for college graduates",
"college degrees are losing value in America."
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In many European countries it is normal to have a long break in the middle of the day when all members of the family return to their houses to eat together. This is not very common in Britain because normally it is a long way from the place of work or school to the home. Consequently the British people tend to have a big breakfast before they go to work and the meal at midday is not spent with the members of the family but with workmates or schoolmates. Lunch is normally eaten between 12: 30 p.m. and 1: 30 p.m. Most people finish work at five thirty. It often takes at least an hour to get home from the school or workplace so people tend to eat their evening meal or "dinner" between 6: 30 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Sundays people don't have to work, so they take the opportunity to eat together with their family. Sunday lunch is usually the best meal of the week and many of the meals which are considered typically British are eaten for Sunday lunch. For example roast beef and Yorkshire pudding. This is a typical British family eating together on Sunday. After lunch the father will smoke his pipe and read the newspaper sitting on his favorite armchair while his wife washes the dishes. The children will play traditional English games such as hopscotch, skipping or doctors and nurses. Although everyone in Britain understands that "breakfast" is the first meal of the day, there is a lot of confusion about the words for other meals such as "dinner, lunch, tea, high tea, brunch and supper" and if you ask a British person what these words mean, most of them will give you a different answer according to what part of the country they are from or what social class they are from. Another example of this is the pronunciation of the word "scones" (a type of cake eaten with Devonshire clotted cream, strawberry jam and cups of tea, known as a "cream tea") Why do the British have a lot of confusion about the words for other meals except breakfast?
|
[
"Because of the different pronunciations.",
"Because of the different eating times.",
"Because of the different eating habits.",
"Because of the different parts of country and social classes."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My name is Sally White. I am a school girl. My school is far from my home. Every day it is a lot of time to get there. The road is not flat , so I cannot go to school by bike. I often get there by bus or on foot. It takes me thirty minutes to get there by bus and an hour on foot. I must get up early every morning. I have no time for breakfast at home. I often have something for breakfast on the way or on the bus. I don' t want to be late for school, so sometimes I run to school. Where does Sally have breakfast?
|
[
"At home.",
"On the way to school.",
"In her school.",
"In a restaurant."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"rain",
"aloe vera",
"brick wall",
"geode"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
All over the world, and for many different reasons, there are millions of people who rarely or never eat meat. These people are called vegetarians. To people who eat meat, being a vegetarian may seem like a very strange thing, diets for several different reasons. First, vegetarians have an enormous health advantage. One of the major health problems in modern societies is not too much protein but too much fat, especially in the form of animal fats. Medical evidence suggests that animal fats, including butter, contribute to the development of cholesterol in the human body. High amount of cholesterol seem to be part of the cause of heart disease. Most vegetarians have low level of cholesterol. High amounts of animal fats also seem to lead to certain kinds of cancer, and vegetarians are typically less _ to these cancers than people who eat a lot of meat. Overall, studies comparing the health of vegetarians and meat-eaters show that the meat-eaters are twice as likely to die of heart disease as vegetarians are. Better health is one reason that people choose to become vegetarians. Another reason is religion. Some religions forbid the eating of meat. The largest of these is the Hindu religion, which has about 600 million believers in the world. Although not all Hindus are vegetarian, many are, and there are many believers of other religions such Buddhism and even some Christian religions that also do not eat meat. Many vegetarians do not eat meat simply because they do not like the taste of it. They have no religious or philosophical reasons; they just do not like meat. Another important reason that vegetarians give for not eating meat is the health advantages that were given above. Lastly, there are many people who do not eat meat because they just do not like the idea of killing animals for food. They believe that life, all life, is valuable , and that we do not have to destroy life to feed ourselves when there are other good sources of food. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"being a vegetarian may be a very strange thing",
"vegetarians eat meat on some special occasions",
"all vegetarians have reasons for their not eating meat",
"most vegetarians believe that life without meat is happy."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ever since man began to use the telephone, there have been new problems arising from the carrying of messages. At first, each message was carried by a pair of overhead wires. As a result, telephone exchanges were soon surrounded by thousands of wires. The wires were then replaced by cables ,each containing many pairs of wires. Each cable is capable of carrying many messages. These cables, laid underground, replaced the overhead wires. The more _ telephone services have become, the more demand for these services has increased, particularly the demand for long-distance services. In China, for example, this growth is now over 30% every year. Long-distance telephone exchanges are usually in crowded cities, where is not easy to lay new labels for expanding services. The use of radio to send telephone message and to link all telephone exchanges makes it possible to get rid of overhead wires and some underground cables. Now man has invented the microwave system ( ). In a microwave system messages from various places can be brought together, and then they are sent out and received by radio. After that, the messages are split into their original form. Finally, they are sent to the places where they are going to be sent. The best title for the passage would be " _ ".
|
[
"The Telephone and Its Past",
"From the Wire to the Microwave System",
"The Needs for Better Telephones",
"How to Use the Telephone"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?
|
[
"nuclear energy",
"chemical energy",
"electrical energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sports can help us a lot. Taking exercise can make us strong. In collectivesports like basketball,volleyball or football,wewill learn the importance of cooperation. And sports can also help us relax after work or study. However,as the saying goes,"There are two sides of everything. "Sometimes we may hurt other players or ourselves if we are not careful enough when participatingin sports activities. What's more,too much or hard practice can be bad for our health. Sports can make us healthy both physically and psychologically. It is also a good way for people to know each other and can improve friendship between people. So long as we are careful enough,sports can do us nothing but good. _ can make us strong.
|
[
"Taking exercise",
"Singing",
"Sleeping",
"Making friends"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An exercise method (Gyrotonics) designed to stretch muscles and improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States. Here's more about Gyrotonics and the man who invented this special form of exercise. Gyrotonics is a kind of exercise that combines the movements of dancing and swimming with the mental and physical practice called yoga. It helps lengthen muscles, improve balance, and exercise the joints, the parts of the body where bones are joined. A Hungarian dancer named Juliu Horvath developed this special form of exercise. After he was injured in dancing, Mr. Horvath studied yoga intensely. In the 1980s, he developed a new exercise method as a special kind of yoga to strengthen dancers. According to Mr. Horvath, his method was based on the octopus ,monkey and cat. He says these animals have no restrictions. They can move in any direction the Gyrotonic movements to help the human body move more freely. A special machine made of wood and weights helps guide the body through the Gyrotonics exercises. You sit or lie on a flat board. You put your legs or hands through special cloth handles attached to a line with weights. With the tension created by the weights, you must try to move through the exercises. Seven kinds of backbone movements form the base of Gyrotonics. For example, you can stretch your back to the left and right or forward and backward. While moving your back, you can also work on arm or leg motions. These movements must be done in a smooth way. Often the motions are circular . When Juliu Horvath first developed Gyrotonics, he was the only teacher. Since then, he has taught almost 70 trainers. Now, there are more then 800 official schools in the world where you can learn Gyrotonics. This passage mainly focuses on _ .
|
[
"A successful life of Horvath",
"A popular kind of exercise",
"Some advice on health care",
"Some uses of a special machine"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
if a television stayed on for a prolonged period, what kind of energy might be a byproduct?
|
[
"it will produce hydroponic energy",
"it will produce warmth",
"it will produce kinetic energy",
"it will produce hydro energy"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Food is a source of energy for what?
|
[
"anteaters",
"sand",
"water",
"plastic"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In many countries today, laws protect wildlife. In India, the need for such protection was realized centuries ago. About 300 B.C. an Indian writer described forest that were somewhat like national parks today. The killing of game beasts was carefully supervised . Some animals were fully protected.Within the forest, nobody was allowed to cut timber(wood for building), burn wood for charcoal , or catch animals for their furs. Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were caught or killed outside the park so that other animals would not become uneasy. The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand species of animals are in danger of _ , and the rate of extinction was about one species every fifty years from A.D. 1 to 1800, but now it is about one species every year. Everywhere, men are trying to solve the problem of protecting wildlife caring for the rapid growth of the world's population. Dangerous animals were caught or killed outside the park so as to _ .
|
[
"keep human visitors safe",
"free the rest of the animals from worry or fear",
"both A and B",
"supply other animals with more food"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The other day an acquaintance of mine, an outgoing and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary happiness. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone. What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken a decisive step, he is now on the edge of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem surprisingly original. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present, vision becomes double vision, unavoidably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost. "Music I heard with you was more than music." Exactly. And therefore music itself can only be heard alone. Solitude is the salt of personhood. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience. "Alone one is never lonely: the spirit adventures, walking in a quiet garden, in a cool house, staying single there." Loneliness is very strongly felt with other people, for with others, even with a lover sometimes, we suffer from our differences of taste, temperament and mood. Human intercourse often demands that we soften the edge of perception, or withdraw at the very instant of personal truth for fear of hurting, or of being inappropriately present, which is to say naked, in a social situation. Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are, and to feel whatever we feel ly. That is a great luxury! For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long think (why does one think better in a horizontal position?), read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. I'm lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out. Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person. It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains at the end of the field, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood, when I can converse again with my hidden powers, and so grow, and so be renewed, till death do us part. To the writer, a solitary life is a kind of _ .
|
[
"sacrifice",
"dream",
"reward",
"challenge"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which process would release energy from gold: fission or fusion? From carbon?
|
[
"Gold: fission; carbon: fusion",
"Gold: fusion; carbon: fission",
"Gold: fission; carbon: fission",
"Gold: fusion; carbon: fusion"
] | 0A
|
conceptual_physics
|
mmlu
|
How do moose use a learned behavior to protect themselves?
|
[
"They have hollow hair to keep warm in the winter.",
"They roll in a pool of muddy water to avoid fly bites.",
"They have keen hearing to sense danger in the forest.",
"They use their wide hooves to prevent sinking in deep snow."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Have you wondered about the amount of time we spend talking about food and been surprised? We are always asking questions such as "Have you ever eaten?" and "What did you have for lunch?"Yet, if you travel from one country to another, you might find that other nations think differently about food. People plan to think that what they eat is normal and what everyone else eats is strange. In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice but in England, rice is the exception and people prefer to eat potatoes, in the Middle East, bread accompanies every meal. Eating, like so many things we do, becomes a habit that is difficult to change. The Americans seem to like drinking lots of orange juice and coffee; the English prefer to drink tea four or five times a day; the Australians prefer to drink a lot of beer; the French, like wine every day. People in different countries also like eating different kinds of meat and even within countries, different regions will have different likes and dislikes, especially in large countries like China and the former Soviet Union. In Hong Kong and the south of China, some people enjoy eating snakes but in the north of China, most people refuse to eat them. The French think that horse meat is delicious but most English people are terrified at the thought of eating it. The New Zealanders eat a lot of lamb and mutton, but never goat. The Japanese say that they do not like eating lamb and mutton because of their smell, but that they really enjoy eating raw fish more than anything else. So it seems that there is often very little common sense about what is nicest to eat or drink in different parts of the world although we may talk on the subject of food for hours. However, as people everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten, there seems very little point in trying to change traditional eating habits. Bread is necessary in every meal in _ .
|
[
"the Middle East",
"America",
"England",
"Asia"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Filtering air to remove dust and pollen is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
While most people consider that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out. "Laughter is social." says Robert R. Provine, author of the book "Laughter: A Scientific Investigation", who has been studying laughter for decades. "Almost all people laugh 'ha-ha-ha' basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator in our brain that produces this sound. Laughing is also a good way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do it. People may laugh at a prank on April Fools' day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than reaction to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, which shows that laughter isn't dependent on a single sense but on social interactions. And laughter is not just a human thing. Chimps tickle each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them. Jaak Panksepp studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled. They return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them, Panksepp's video shows. By studying rats, scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter. It has been found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant and anxiety-reducer. Scientists think the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target in the brain in their effort to develop drugs that fight depression and anxiety in people. Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts said. "No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit," Provine said, "largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good." Why does the writer say "laughter is mostly about social responses rather than reaction to a joke"?
|
[
"because people can communicate with each other by laughing.",
"because laughter is the same sound in all the human's languages.",
"because laughter is considered a basic language all people can learn.",
"because everyone can understand the meaning of the word laughter."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In studying layers of rock sediment, a geologist found an area where older rock was layered on top of younger rock. Which best explains how this occurred?
|
[
"Earthquake activity folded the rock layers.",
"Volcanic eruptions destroyed a rock layer.",
"Erosion removed several layers of rock.",
"Weathering changed the layering of the rocks."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Ask a group of elderly people what it was about their lives that made them happiest overall, and they'll probably mention some warm relationships with family and friends. If you're satisfied with your social life, according to psychologists, you tend to be satisfied with life in general. From the point of my 50s, I'd say that sounds about right. Some of my happiest moments are the ones I spend with my husband, a few close relatives, and a handful of very good friends who know me well and like me anyway. But the more I read about how social media are interfering with good old-fashioned friendship, creating virtual bonds that can't quite take the place of real ones, the more I wonder just how today's 20-somethings will look back on their own lives when they're my age. After all, much crucial relationship building work is done in the 20s. According to research by the late Bernice Neugarten of the University of Chicago, who helped launch the academic study of human development, people choose most of their adult relationships, both friends and lovers, between the ages of 22 and 28. The friends we make in our 20s are not only best friends forever; they're also our first truly chosen friends. And choosing how to commit to these friendships is an essential psychological task of the 20s. But with so much of friendship in this age group now being developed online, an essential question is what the effect of that interaction is. A study, conducted in 2010 by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee of the University of Texas at Austin, investigated the Facebook habits of 776 young people between the ages of 18 and 35. "Whether it is a wall post, a comment, or a photo," they wrote, "young people's engagement with Facebook is driven, primarily, by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by, far away, or have just entered into their lives." This kind of constant contact can be efficient, but it can also be upsetting. For one thing, it adds a new layer of concern to a young person's already-heightened awareness of social ranking, giving appearance-conscious young people yet another thing to worry about. "I see other 20-somethings feeling pressured to constantly keep up a public image, especially a public image online," wrote Ariana Allensworth on the group blog. "Folks are always keeping the world informed one way or another about what they're up to, where they're at, what projects they're working on. It can be a bit much at times." Not the most fertile ground for real-world friendship. According to the passage, the 20s is an age for people to _ .
|
[
"have a good public image",
"keep themselves informed",
"look back on their own lives",
"develop critical relationships"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a car key?
|
[
"6 meters",
"6 centimeters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
After eleven years of marriage, a couple had a boy. They were a loving couple and the boy was a gem of their eyes. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for work, so he asked his wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. His wife who was busy in the kitchen forgot the matter. The boy saw the bottle, playfully went to it, was fascinated by its color and drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine. When the child fell to the ground, the mother took him to the hospital in a hurry, where he died. The mother was stunned. She was terrified at how to face her husband. When the father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and just said, "I'm with you, darling." The child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if only he had taken time to keep the bottle away, this would not have happened. No one is to blame . She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was consolation and sympathy from the husband. That is exactly what he gave her. When the father knew his son died, _ .
|
[
"he was very sad and angry with his wife because she didn't look after him well.",
"he was very sad, but he comforted his wife",
"he was very sad because he didn't take good care of him at home.",
"he was very sad because the doctor didn't try his best to save him"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The deep sea is one of the most mysterious places on earth. Scientists rarely go there. Those few do discover new species all of the time. Many places of the deepest parts of the ocean, where it's forever dark, can light up. Now, a teen's research has shown new light on how one of these swimming animals behaves in darkness. The giant flashlight fish lives in the Indian Ocean as well as in tropical parts of the central and western Pacific. It lives at depths of up to 400 meters, (about 1,300 feet). But not always. Sometimes it lives in coral reefs in shallow waters. In those shallow waters, the blackish-blue fish comes out only at night. Reef-dwelling members of this species tend to be smaller than those living in deeper waters. Those biggies can grow to lengths of 35meters (14inches). That may not sound like a giant, but they are the largest of their type of fish. The giant flashlight fish gets its name from a small glow-in-the-dark patch found in a packet of tissue under each eye, explains Caroline Edmonds. She is a 13- year-old student from Fountain Valley, Calif. There, she attends Talbert Middle School. She said that the eye pockets in these fish contain light-producing bacteria. These bacteria and their host fish have built a relationship that helps both. The fish use the bacteria as a way to communicate with creatures around them. The bacteria gain nutrients from the fish and a safe place to live. When a fish wants to " flash" its light, it turns the bacteria-filled pocket toward the outside of its body, Caroline explains. When a fish wants to hide its light, it turns the pocket back toward the inside. According to her data, the fish flash most often when they are being fed. They flash least often late at night, when they are resting. What do we know about the giant flashlight fish?
|
[
"It doesn't like living in warm places.",
"It can be found in coral reefs at times.",
"It doesn't like moving around at night.",
"It always lives at depths of up to 400 meters."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jack likes eggs, bananas and apples. So every day, he has two eggs, one apple, a cup of milk and some bread for breakfast. For lunch, he has bananas, some chicken and vegetables. And for dinner, he has tomatoes, French fries and ice cream. His sister likes dessert, oranges and apples. But she often has some hamburgers, one apple and bread for her breakfast. She likes tomatoes, salad and some fish for lunch. For dinner, she likes strawberries and some chicken. Jack has some chicken _ , but his sister has some chicken _ .
|
[
"for breakfast; for dinner",
"for lunch; for dinner",
"for dinner; for lunch",
"for dinner; for dinner"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Focus on what you do best. This age-old strategy has worked well for Real Networks, Microsoft's main competitor in multimedia software for the Internet. Now, the smaller Seattle-based firm is trying a novel way to contain the software giant. On October 29th, it released the underlying recipe, or source-code, of its RealPlayer software and will soon do the same for its other programs--giving away a big chunk of its intellectual property . This may sound like a desperate echo of 1998, when Netscape, struggling in Microsoft's chokehold, published the source-code of its web browser. Yet Real Networks is not playing defence. It is trying to encourage the creation of a common multimedia software infrastructure for every kind of file format and device, thus thwarting Microsoft's ambitions in this promising market. The firm hopes that others in the industry (volunteer programmers, media firms and hardware makers) will take the code, called Helix DNA, improve it and make it run on new devices, such as mobile phones and home stereos, turning Real Networks' software into an industry standard. Clever licensing terms are supposed to ensure that this standard does not splinter and that the firm still makes money. Individual developers, universities and other non-profit organisations can modify the software as they please, and even redistribute it for free, so long as they also publish the source-code for their changes. This is a sort of payment in kind, for Real Networks is then allowed to use these contributions. Firms, on the other hand, must pay royalty fees if they distribute more than 1m copies of the code. They also have to make sure that their software works with other Helix DNA products. The software's development community already has 2,000 members. And several hardware makers back the effort. But there are risks. Afraid of piracy, media groups are suspicious of anything that might be related to hackers. The self-created competition could also hurt Real Networks if customers decide its commercial products, which will be based on the open source-code but with extra features, are not worth paying extra for. Real Networks' move is another sign that the software industry is going hybrid. Mixing elements of proprietary software, where the source-code is tightly controlled, with open-source programs enables firms to expand a market, harvest the ideas of others and, they hope, still make money. Even Microsoft is edging this way: it recently announced that partners can now look at--but not modify or re-use--the source-code for Passport, its controversial digital-identity service. What is the Real Networks' new way of stopping Microsoft?
|
[
"By selling its intellectual property.",
"By doing what it is good at.",
"By releasing the free source-code.",
"By severe competition with Microsoft."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello! My name is Zhao Na. I'm nine years old. I am in Rizhao Middle School in Shangdong. My English name is Julia. I like green. My telephone number is 1238-6517. I have a good friend. She is English. Her name is Helen Smith. Her Chinese name is Wang Min. She is ten years old. She likes red. Her phone number is 2816-3018. Helen and I are in the same school. Zhao Na likes _ .
|
[
"grey",
"red",
"white",
"green"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Several horses grazed in a fenced area across from a home. On rainy days, soil would wash down a slope and run toward the home. After the horses were moved a few years later, the soil no longer washed down when it rained. What could account for this change?
|
[
"The grass grew and kept the soil intact.",
"The fence kept the soil contained.",
"The soil was completely gone.",
"The amount of rain decreased."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which of the following is true about the assessment of gait?
|
[
"A stamping gait is caused by bilateral foot drop",
"An antalgic gait is caused by a painful leg",
"A waddling gait is sometimes called a steppage gait",
"An apraxic gait is due to hysteria"
] | 1B
|
clinical_knowledge
|
mmlu
|
Complete the statement. Assume that the horse's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the horse and Earth () as the horse ran toward the river.
|
[
"increased",
"decreased",
"stayed the same"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
About 1 million adult New Yorkers are obese , but nearly two-thirds of them don't think they are, according to a study released on Tuesday by the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene . Among the obese, who account for about one in five New Yorkers, only 39% described themselves as "very overweight", according to the report. 2% said they were very underweight, 1% said they were slightly underweight, 16% said they were just right and 42% said they were slightly over weight. Some 2 million more New Yorkers are overweight, the report said, and one in five children in kindergarten is obese. Only 44% of the city's adults are at a healthy weight, and nearly 75% say they do not participate in any regular physical activity. New York City's adult obesity rate was 20% in 2003 compared with 23% nationwide in 2004.The national average has nearly doubled from 12% in 1993, the report said. Overweight and obese are defined by body mass index, or BMI (=" kg/m)" , which is based on a person's weight , adjusted for height, the department said. Being obese means having a BMI of 30 or greater, while being overweight means a BMI of more than 25 but less than 30. A 5-foot, 10-inch (1.78-meter) man weighing 175 pounds(79kg) would have a BMI of 25.1 and be considered overweight according to the department . If he weighed 210 pounds (95kg), he would have a BMI of 30.1 and be obese. The report came from results of the department's 2002 and 2003 yearly telephone surveys of some 10,000 adults. We can infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"most adult New Yorkers go in for many regular physical activities",
"New Yorkers think that obesity shows economic development",
"New York City's adult obesity rate increased from 1993 to 2004",
"most of the New York City's adults are at a healthy weight"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Crushing a mineral into powder is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When a button is pushed on a battery-operated clock, the time display is illuminated. What process has taken place?
|
[
"Pressure has been converted to light.",
"Force has been converted to light.",
"Closing an electric circuit has produced light.",
"Opening an electric circuit has produced light."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Mr. Pratt does a science demonstration. He inflates a balloon, places it in a freezer, and then removes it after 10 minutes. Which best describes the balloon's volume when in the freezer and then after being removed and allowed to warm up?
|
[
"expands in the freezer and then contracts as it gets warmer again",
"contracts in the freezer and then expands as it gets warmer again",
"expands in the freezer and then keeps that volume when warmed up",
"contracts in the freezer and then keeps that volume when warmed up"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will man be like in the future--in 5000 or even 50, 000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago , was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modem world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain' s capacity . As time goes on , however , we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact , we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man' s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however , our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. ... The change in man's size of forehead will probably be because _ .
|
[
"he makes use onIy20% of the brain's capacity.",
"his brain has grown larger over the past centuries.",
"the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time",
"he will use his brain more and more as time goes on :"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dr. Martinez put on a false smile as she entered Janet Eslin's hospital room. She couldn't let Janet see that she was worried. Yet she had been searching for the cause of Janet's illness and hadn't found a clue . "How are you feeling today?" Dr. Martinez asked her patient. Janet replied that she felt about the same----terribly uncomfortable. The doctor tried to get Janet's mind off her health by talking about Janet's vacation at Lake Winnow. But Dr. Martinez couldn't keep her own mind on the conversation. She kept wondering what could be wrong with her patient. Suddenly Janet's words interrupted Dr. Martinez's thoughts: "... the vacation was really perfect, except for the food. The last meal I ate was especially terrible." Dr. Martinez quickly snapped back into the conversation, "Janet, when did you eat that meal?" Janet said that it had been the day before yesterday. "I think we've discovered your problem," Dr. Martinez said as she left. Several hours later, Dr. Martinez was back with the answer. "Janet, the food you ate made you ill. You're suffering from food poisoning. Now that we know what's wrong, we can take care of your problem." What made Janet sick?
|
[
"an insect bite",
"bad food",
"bad water",
"cold weather"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day -- like an 800-calorie-per-day diet can be dangerous. Diets that don't allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet -- up to 30% of total calories -- so no one should eat a completely fat-free diet. Don't have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You won't get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you'll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again. Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they can't control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control -- their exercise and food intake. People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level -- and doesn't lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they aren't any happier. Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with _ for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives . Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a person's health. Which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"A person needs about 800 calories each day.",
"A person who doesn't eat bread is unhealthy.",
"An improper diet may cause eating disorder.",
"Fat takes up the most part of calories inside body."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert system using text messages delivered to cell phones. Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association, CTIA, estimates more than 48 billions text messages are sent each month. The plan comes from the Warning alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation's emergency alter system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies. "The ability to deliver accurate and timely warning and alert alters through cell phone and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies," FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan. Participation in the alert system by carriers -- telecommunication companies -- is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry. The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts. There would be three types of messages, according to the rules. The first would be a national alter from the president, likely involving a terrorists attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts. The service could be in place by 2010. The carriers' participation in the system is determined by _ .
|
[
"the US federal government",
"mobile phone users",
"the carriers themselves",
"the law of the United States"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Security guard, truck driver, salesperson--year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job unhappy, unusual hours, low pay, nochance for advancement -- these three gigs stand out for another reason: a lack of small talk. Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under investigation. In one study, researchers eavesdropped on undergraduates for four days, then cataloged each overheard conversation as either small talk (What do you have there? Popcorn?(Yummy!) or serious (So did they get divorced soon after?). They found that the second type related with happiness--the happiest students had roughly twice as many serious talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, made up only 10 percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the least content students. However, don't just consider chat worthless yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote linking. Chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago travelers varying directions about whether to talk with fellow train passengers something they typically avoided. Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey than those told to enjoy your being alone or to do whatever they normally would. None of the chatters reported being rejected. And the results held for introverts and extroverts alike which makes sense, since acting extroverted has a positive effect on introverts. Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the business. Similarly, one not yet published paper found that when volunteers broke the silence of the Tate Modern to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached. So go ahead, pry. Chitchat needn't be idle. And nosiness isn't all bad. The author used the Tate Modern example to demonstrate that _ .
|
[
"connecting with others is key to our happiness",
"unserious conversation could promote bonding",
"small talk can help us feel connected to our surroundings",
"smiling can help people gain a great sense of belonging"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?
|
[
"red flowers",
"Ff"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
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