question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
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stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Friction increases as what increases on a surface?
|
[
"smooth",
"shiny",
"rutted",
"clean"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tiny transmitters fixed on the backs of the blue-green bees have allowed scientists to follow the insects as they fly for miles in search of rare flowers. Working in Panama, scientists caught 17 bees of the common species and fixed a 300 milligram radio light onto the back of each. The signals they sent out were used to follow their movements in and around the forest where they lived. Professor Martin, from Princeton University, US, and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany, said, "By following the radio signals, we discovered that male bees spent most of their time in small centre areas, but could take off and visit areas farther away. One male even crossed over the shipping lanes in the Panama Canal, flying at least 5km, and returned a few days later." Researchers have struggled to follow the movements of bees before, following bees marked with paint or using radar which doesn't work well in forests. "Carrying the transmitter could reduce the distance that the bees travel, but even if the flight distances we record are the shortest distances that these bees can fly, they are impressive, long-distance movements," said Dr. Roland Kays, from New York State Museum, a co-author of the research published today in the on-line journal. "This result helps to explain how these bees' pollination can be so rare." Pollination by bees and other insects is the key to the diversity and continued growth of flowers and trees in some forests. The new study is the first to use radio transmitters to follow bees in a forest. Similar research may now be carried in temperate forests, where bees also play a vital role. Researchers follow the movements of bees mainly to _
|
[
"learn how far they can fly at most",
"discover how they affect the plants",
"correct some wrong ideas about bees",
"get to know where they enjoy living"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the highest speed?
|
[
"a duck that moved 230miles east in 5hours",
"a duck that moved 225miles west in 5hours",
"a duck that moved 255miles east in 5hours"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Ryan acquired this trait?
|
[
"Ryan likes to look at butterflies and beetles.",
"Ryan learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Computers are very important to modern life. Many people think that in the future computers will be used a lot in everyday's life. It is thought that we won't have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be fewer books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food. Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too. Some people are glad about these new ways of shopping and communicating . Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways. Let's take books for example. Some people think that one day we won't read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers. We will read texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time. We won't need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved. Computerized books will be used more and more. Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly. Maybe computers won't change these two habits . The title for this passage is " _ "
|
[
"Computers Will Do Everything For Man",
"Computers Are The Future",
"How Computers Change Our Habits",
"Will Computers Replace Shops And Books"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Water vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Here in Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were passed to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply. A wolf naturally lives on animals in the deer family. People there also hunt deer for food. Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the plant life there. When the deer can't find enough food, they die. If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, the deer will disappear some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must change the life cycles there. If we killed more wolves, we would save them from starving. We also save deer and some farm animals. In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the United States government to send a team of scientists to study the problem. They believe it is necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small population. Why is it that if wolves go on killing a good many deer the wolves will die out?
|
[
"Because wolves will have no deer to kill.",
"Because people will kill them for punishment.",
"Because killing deer is dangerous.",
"Because wolves mainly live on deer."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you know that you can lose weight just by eating? If someone tells you that the only way to burn fat and lose weight is by eating like a mouse, you know it is not right. Now you can lose weight by eating the right kinds of foods in the right way! Diet pills or fiber ? Diet pills, while helping you control your appetite , come with several harmful side effects. To tell the truth, when you use them, you lose more than you gain! Here is a healthier and more natural way: increase your fiber intake. Natural fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber. These foods help keep you full for a long time so that you don't feel hungry too often. Apart from vegetables and fruits, nuts and whole grains are other foods which are rich in fiber! Soft drinks or water? If you feel thirsty, you may either drink lots of soft drinks or water. Here is an interesting fact about soft drinks: since they are rich in sugar, they not only make you fatter but also in-crease your thirst, so that you are forced to drink more of them! Not so with water! It has no unhealthy side effects! Water also cleanses your body of all harmful things and waste products, making it easier for your body to burn fat and lose weight! A large plate or a small one? We all know how important it is to eat less for the purpose of weight loss. Here is one funny thing to note: if you put very little food on a large plate, your brain will think that you have eaten less than your requirement, even though that may not be the case. However, put that same food on a smaller plate, and you will feel completely full! You may not believe it, but this is a fact. In order to feel full, you need to satisfy not only your stomach but also your eyes! The text may be taken from _ .
|
[
"a book about health",
"a website about cooking",
"a travel magazine",
"a business newspaper"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lightness may be seen reflected more clearly and brighter off of lighter colored objects, so an example would be
|
[
"a mirror is unable to be dark",
"phone screens are barely reflective",
"a lilac door is easily seen",
"a black door is easily seen"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal that has a backbone.
|
[
"curlyhair tarantula",
"red salamander"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Recently,scientists attending a meeting in Chicago presented new studies showing how food and its production affect global warming.They offered some suggestions for how to eat in a more environmentally friendly way. For many years,scientists have warned us that our planet is getting warmer.If current trends continue,animals may start to die off and life could get very difficult for everyone.The temperature is rising because humans have been releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,which surround the planet and keep heat from escaping.One of these gases is carbon dioxide. Most carbon dioxide we produce comes from the process of making and eating food,the scientists reported in Chicago.The production of meat contributes to a lot of carbon dioxide.And much of meat's contribution comes from beef,which is responsible for releasing even more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The process of making a hamburger,for example,requires a lot of energy.A cow has to be fed and raised,and cow's wastes are a major source of greenhouse gases.After the cow is killed,the meat has to be processed and shipped to a consumer,which takes fuel.And most of the cow won't even be used for meat people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate,it has taken a heavy toll on the environment.It is believed that the process of making a halfpound allbeef burger adds about 19 times the weight of hamburgers in carbon dioxide. The message is clear:We can greatly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by eating less beef.Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environment--at least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released.Nathan Pelletier,a scientist at Dalhousie University in Canada,reported that if everyone in industrial countries ate chicken instead of beef,we would cut the Earth's greenhouse gases by more than half. All kinds of meat,the scientists reported,are harder on the planet than vegetables.To grow and eat a pound of potatoes,for example,sends less than one quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air.So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables may do the world some good. Why does the author mention the process of making a hamburger?
|
[
"To show meat is usually part of a hamburger.",
"To illustrate that our food contributes to greenhouse gases.",
"To prove making a hamburger is a complex process.",
"To suggest a lot of energy is needed to make hamburgers."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Loren Gladstone of Toronto is 58, but thinking over how to bequeath his digital property . Doing the paperwork after his parents' death was a challenge. "When my time comes, I wonder if my children will even know what paper is," he says. As a software developer, his virtual property is both valuable and vital to his business. That reflects a problem. Online lives have increasing economic and emotional value. But testamentary laws offer confusing and incomplete ways of bequeathing and inheriting them. Digital property may include software, websites, downloaded content, online gaming identities, social-media accounts and even e-mails. In Britain alone holdings of digital music may be worth over PS9 billion ($14 billion). A fifth of respondents to a Chinese local-newspaper survey said they had over 5,000 yuan($790) of digital property. And value does not lie only in money."Anyone with kids under 14 years old probably has two prints of them and the rest are in online galleries,"says Nathan Lustig of Entrustet, a company that helps people manage digital property. Service providers have different rules--and few state them clearly in their terms and conditions. Many give users a personal right to use an account, but nobody else, even after death. Facebook allows relatives to close an account or turn it into a memorial page. Gmail (run by Google) will provide copies of e-mails to an executor . Music downloaded via iTunes is held under a license which can be abolished on death. Apple declined to comment on the record on this or other policies. All e-mail and data on its iCloud service are deleted on the death of the owner. This has led to cases to court in America. In 2004 the family of Justin Ellsworth, an army man killed in Iraq, took Yahoo! to court in Michigan to get copies of his e-mails. This year, a court in Oregon ruled that another American mother whose son had died could use her dead son's password to enter his Facebook account for a short period. Now five American states have made laws giving executors control over the social-networking accounts of dead users. But this raises the subject of privacy. Passing music on is one thing; not everyone may want their relatives to read their e-mails. Colin Pearson, a London-based lawyer, says access should come only with a clear provision in a will. But laws, wills and password safes may be contrary to the providers' terms of service, especially when the executor is in one country and the data in another. Headaches for the living and lots of lovely work for lawyers. Facebook, Google and Apple have a similar rule that _ .
|
[
"users are offered accounts used by nobody else except users themselves",
"relatives of the dead may close an account or use it at their own will",
"the executor may enter the e-mail and read it by themselves at any time",
"the data downloaded by the dead will be copied and then deleted from net"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as
|
[
"decomposers",
"herbivores",
"predators",
"producers"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a 5-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 31°F",
"a 5-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 17°F",
"a 5-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 25°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Is there clear boundary between science and the liberal arts as a major for college students? The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education is not an either / or proposition , although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem that way. The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also stresses that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of America's educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides. Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under this circumstances, it's natural to look for what may appear to be the most "practical" way out of the problem. "Major in a subject designed to get you a job" seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as "soft" often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily. Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there is little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight - picked up from science, arts, and technology - to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States. What advice does the author give to college students?
|
[
"Try to take a variety of practical courses.",
"Prepare themselves for different job options.",
"Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.",
"Seize opportunities to tap their potential."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists say that could help children with learning disabilities. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information. She says the process involves hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. She says the process is not much different from learning how to speak. Both involve different senses. Professor Krauss says musical training and learning to speak make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem . The brain stem controls our ability to hear. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Krauss and her team find that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity. The study involved people with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical _ that measures brain activity. The people wore the device while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument. The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and beat of the music. Professor Kraus says the study shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Which sentence is true according to the text?
|
[
"The brain stem controls our ability to speak.",
"The musical training process involves putting together different kinds of information, hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians.",
"Experts think train stem can't be developed.",
"The brain stem has something to do with our ability to hear."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One day a rich man meets Tom. The rich man asks, "People say you are very clever and nothing is difficult for you. Can you tell my why you are so clever? " Tom answers with a smile, "Oh, I'm not clever. Instead , you are too _ ." The rich man becomes very very angry. Tom says, "Sir, please don't be angry. If you don't believe me, now let me ask you a very easy question: If you have a group of sheep , I send you another group. Then, you say, how many groups of sheep do you have?" "Why! That's the easiest question in the world. One and one is two. Anybody knows _ . I have two groups of sheep , of course." Tom laughs and says, "You are wrong , Sir. Two groups of sheep put together is still one group. That's the easiest question in the world , isn't it?" People say Tom _ .
|
[
"is very clever",
"has good eyes",
"is very strong",
"is very helpful"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which type of force requires contact between two objects for one to push or pull the other?
|
[
"frictional forces slowing down a rolling soccer ball",
"the magnetic force pulling paper clips to a powerful electromagnet",
"the magnetic force pushing two magnets apart",
"the force of gravity acting on raindrops that fall to Earth"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Maureen inherited this trait?
|
[
"Maureen's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Maureen.",
"Maureen and her mother both have short hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Special plant tissues transport what throughout the plant?
|
[
"dirt",
"manganese",
"animals",
"rage"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An astronomer is making a case for launching pop singer Justin Bieber into suborbital space aboard a private rocket ship. The idea is not to rid the world of the Canadian teenager -- he would come back down to Earth eventually, after all -- but rather to help jump-start the emerging suborbital spaceflight industry. It would generate a lot of public interest, which would help commercial spaceflight pick up some much-needed momentum, said Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in Mountain View, California. "If there's more interest, there are more customers. If there are more customers, there's more technical development. It's a positive feedback loop, and obviously that's good." Such missions would return to Earth without completing a full lap around the planet. Instead, the flights would hit the edge of space about 62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth, experience a few minutes of weightlessness, then re-enter the atmosphere and land back at a spaceport. None of these firms are ready to fly customers yet, but some are getting close. For instance, Virgin Galactic hopes to begin powered test flights of its SpaceShipTwo vehicle later this year, with commercial operations perhaps beginning in 2013 or 2014. It is SpaceShipTwo that reportedly grabbed the attention of Beyonce and Jay-Z. Virgin Galactic has collected deposits from nearly 500 customers willing to pay $200,000 for a ride aboard SpaceShipTwo, and both Virgin and XCOR have inked deals to fly scientists and their experiments on research flights. So a suborbital market already exists -- but Shostak is thinking about ways to make it grow. A celebrity launch isn't Shostak's only idea. Suborbital firms should also promote their activities aggressively via social media, Shostak said, and they should make sure their spaceships are bristling with cameras both inside and out, to give the public dramatic views of every mission. Some observers view commercial suborbital spaceflight as a potentially transformative industry, saying it could serve as a stepping stone to the exploration and exploitation of space on an unprecedented scale. While the industry's success is far from assured, Shostak offered some reason for optimism: The American public remains keen on space. Why may Justin Bieber be sent into suborbital space?
|
[
"To show his bravery and make him a role model for teenagers.",
"To arouse the American public's interest.",
"To help reform the spaceflight industry.",
"To film an advertisement about space."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The World Health Organization(WHO)planned to study the relationship between the eating habits of the people and the disease.Two doctors were chosen to make the study. They flew to Africa south of the Sahara and during the next two months visited ten countries.They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa.The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor .The diseased children are usually from one to four years old.As the illness progresses, the child's stomach becomes swollen by liquid collecting in the body.The skin changes colour and may break out in open sores.The hair changes colour and starts to fall out.The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time.Stomach liquids are no longer produced. The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat.Their mothers gave them foods full of starches instead of greatly needed proteins.They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives. From the passage we learn that kwashiorkor is a disease caused by _ .
|
[
"poor living conditions",
"lack of proteins in food",
"much stomach liquids",
"lack of food"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Although change in multicellular species usually takes thousands of years, some species of bacteria undergo major changes in just a few years. One reason for this difference is that these bacteria
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Water freezing is an example of a
|
[
"liquid changing to a solid",
"solid changing to a liquid",
"gas changing to a solid",
"gas changing to a liquid"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which of the following is the best observation of the refraction of light?
|
[
"Looking at oneself in a mirror",
"Looking at a shadow of an object",
"Viewing an object through an open window",
"Viewing an object partially in water"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mickey Mouse wants to help kids kick the junk food habit. The Walt Disney Company announced that it plans to advertise only healthier foods to kid. By 2015, all food and drink products that are advertised on its TV channels, radio stations and websites will have to meet the company's nutrition standard for limiting calories and reducing fat, sodium and sugar. Many foods, such as fruit drinks, candy and snack cakes, won't meet the standard. First Lady Michelle Obama called it a "game changer". "Disney is doing what no major media company has ever done before in the US - and what I hope every company will do in the future." "This is a landmark , because a major media company is taking responsibility for what food they advertise to children," says Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy for the Center for Science in the Public Interest. "This should be a real wake-up call to Nickelodeon(an American children's channel) and the Cartoon Network to do the same." But the company will still be able to advertise "better-for-you versions of products that are not perfectly nutritious." Under the new standards, breakfast cereals that are advertised will have to contain fewer than 10 grams of sugar in a serving, Wootan says. "That's a good step forward, but it's not perfectly nutritious." Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, says Disney is making this move "at perhaps some risk of affecting their incomes, so that's why we should praise them." Food marketing is really "important because it shapes the way kids are fed," Wootan says. "If we don't deal with food marketing to kids, we don't have any chance of addressing childhood obesity." Currently, a third of children are overweight, putting them at a greater risk for serious health problems. At its theme parks, Disney began offering healthier kids' meals, serving carrots and other vegetables, fruits, low-fat milk and yogurt at meals, instead of fries and soft drinks. According to Disney's new standards, _ .
|
[
"soft drinks are not allowed to be advertised",
"foods that are advertised should be fat-free",
"only perfectly nutritious products can be advertised",
"foods advertised should contain fewer than 10 grams of sugar"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Fossils are () of ancient organisms.
|
[
"the living tissues",
"preserved remains of the body parts or activities",
"human-made models"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When I first entered high school, I knew no one at my school. All my friends in middle school went to other schools. I wanted to make some new friends. However, I was shy and wasn't good at making new friends. On my first day at school, I looked at others who were talking in groups happily. How I wish I were one of them! I guess I was very lucky then. At lunch in the dinning hall, when I was eating at a table alone, a girl came to me. "Excuse me, is this seat taken?" she asked. I immediately shook my head. She smiled and sat down opposite to me. I felt a little _ and didn't know what to say at all, but I really wanted to communicate with her. It was a good opportunity to make friends with her. When I looked up, I found she was smiling at me. Her smile calmed me down. "I really like this school. It's beautiful, but I don't know anyone here. All my friends went to other schools," said the girl. Hearing her words, I immediately said, "my friends are not here either. Can we be friends?" I was surprised. I couldn't believe I would say something like that, and to my surprise, that girl immediately said "yes". We both smiled. We became very good friends. Now it's the beginning of a new term again. Many students may have no friends at their new schools. If you are also as shy as I used to be, please don't be afraid to talk to others. You may get a surprise and make a new friend. After all, others want to make new friends, too. After the girl sat down opposite to the author, the author _ .
|
[
"immediately shook her hand",
"immediately say something to keep calm",
"wanted to talk with her",
"wanted her to go away at once"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which block of iron has more thermal energy?
|
[
"the hotter block of iron",
"the colder block of iron"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In recent years, temperatures in the polar areas are rising faster than anywhere else on Earth. As a result, the ice and the snow are melting at record-setting rates. One result is that sea levels are rising around the world, putting animals and people at risk. A sheet of ice acts like a huge mirror, reflecting the sun's energy. But ocean water, which is darker than ice, absorbs a lot of it. This causes the ocean to warm, which in turn speeds up ice melting and which leads to even more open waters. The cycle continues until all the ice is gone. "As the ice melts, water flows into the oceans, making them less salty. That, along with warmer water temperatures, can harm the creatures that live in, under, and near the ice," says zoologist Michael Stoddard. "Cold-adapted animals -- including polar bears, foxes, hares, and seals -- also need ice for travel and survival." "Most species of fish, sea spiders, and many other animals and plants that live in the waters of Antarctica don't live anywhere else," Stoddard says. "Many of them have special proteins in their bodies keeping them from freezing to death and have other adaptation to the cold that has yet to be explored." Therefore, experts are urging us to reconsider the way we live. The fuels that we burn in cars, power stations, and factories are largely to blame for the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are trapping overmuch heat in our atmosphere. If we can produce fewer of these gases, we can help save the polar ice. "Even small things would make a difference, if everyone did them." Michael Stoddard says, "That's what we have to figure out in the near future to help save the polar ice and thus protect the oceans and us." From the passage, we can know that _ .
|
[
"most polar animals prefer to live in less salty water",
"some of the cold-adapted animals mainly feed on ice",
"many polar creatures have special proteins to keep alive",
"scientists still don't know how polar creatures have adapted to the cold"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Over the course of a calendar month, the moon may
|
[
"resolve",
"burn",
"float",
"spin"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It's an important concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight? Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts. You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it's true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These "good" bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat. Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby's body. Growing babies get additional "good" bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later. So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven't tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer. Which of the following is NOT the function of "good" bacteria?
|
[
"Helping to digest food.",
"Helping to take nutrients from food.",
"Helping to regulate weight.",
"Making a person ill."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As the population of small fish in a lake decreases, the population of large fish that depend on the small fish for food will
|
[
"reproduce faster",
"begin to produce their own food",
"decrease in number",
"increase in number"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the amphibian.
|
[
"domestic pig",
"western rattlesnake",
"green tree frog",
"water buffalo"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The way to teach the kids to take good care of pets The best way to teach your child how to be responsible pet caregivers is to be on yourself. This should start before you even get a pet--make sure you have realistic expectations about pet ownership. And take steps to select the right animal at the right time. As soon as you bring a pet in, set up and enforce rules regarding proper pet care. For example, tell your child not to pull the animal's tail, ears, or other body parts, and insist they never tease(,), hit, or chase it. Teach the child how to properly pick up, hold, and pat the animal. These simple lessons are essential to helping the kid become a responsible caretaker. Although a certain pet-care activity must be handled by an adult, you can still include your child by explaining why and what you're doing. For example, when you take your pet to the veterinarian to be spayed or neutered, explain to your child how the operation not only reduces pet overpopulation but can also make it healthier, calmer, and more affectionate. Also involve your child in a pet-training activity, which not only make your pet a more well-mannered family member, but teach your child humane treatment and effective communication. Ultimately, your child will learn how to treat animals--and people--by watching how you treat the family pet. And they'll pay close attention to how you react when a pet scratches the furniture, barks excessively, or soils in the house. Frustrating as these problems are, "getting rid of" the pet isn't just unfair to the pet and your child, but it also sends the wrong message about commitment, trust, and responsibility. When faced with pet problems, get to the root of the problem. Often a veterinarian, animal shelter professional, or dog trainer can help you resolve pet issues so you can keep the whole family together. We can infer from the passage that the writer is probably an expert _ .
|
[
"in training pets",
"on literature",
"in child behavior",
"in gardening"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It is also the most neglect . Common reasons for not eating breakfast include having no time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike and dieting. Breakfast simply means "break the fast''. Your body spends at least 6 to 12 hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy for the day's work ahead. A good breakfast should provide 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half of your dinner for breakfast in the morning. If you still aren't hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious mid-morning snack later when you are hungry. So, you say you are on a diet. Some people fear that eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That is because your body is working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not. Not eating breakfast can also cause you overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slow state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently . If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat. Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right food is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals. Eating breakfast, in fact, makes your body _ .
|
[
"work out of order",
"produce too much energy",
"work well",
"feel hungry quicker"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When she graduates from Columbia University next year with a master's degree in Public health, Eric Wheeler is hoping to get a job in international reproductive health. The 26-year-old post-graduate has always wanted to work in public service. But public service doesn't pay much, and her two-year program at Columbia costs about $50,000 a year with living expenses. She has a scholarship from Columbia that covers just $4,000 a year and has taken out loans to pay for the rest. She worries that she will spend years paying back her student loans and not have money left over to put away in an IRA. Wheeler is wondering what she can do to ease the pain of being in debt. Is there anything she can do to handle the debt? The good news is that in 2007, Congress recognized that there were so many students in Wheeler's position that it passed the College Cost Reduction and Access Act. There were two programs established by this act that Wheeler should look into. The first is the income-based repayment plan, which allows lower-income graduates with a lot of debt to reduce their monthly payments. Depending on a graduate's income and level of debt, the program, which goes into effect July 1, could limit his or her annual educational loan debt repayment to 15 percent of discretionary income ,said Peter Mazareas, vice charman of the College Saving Foundation. The second is the public service loan forgiveness plan, in which the federal government will forgive the remaining debt of borrowers who make 10-year loan payment while working full time in public-service jobs. But the graduate must have a certain loan which is listed in the plan. Depending on the level of debt Wheeler ends up with and how much she repays over 10 years, Mazareas said she could end up with about $75,000 of her debt forgiven. " Tipically, it is projected that a borrower who performs public service under this program will repay only about one-fourth to one-half as much money as a borrower who does not", he said. He also pointed out that public service is broadly defined and includes any government and nonprofit organization job. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"The total expense in American universities is too high.",
"There are a lot of different programs to help students pay their tution.",
"The US government encourages students to choose public service jobs.",
"The federal government is trying to relieve graduates from heavy debt."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Old Fossils Scientists have found what they think is probably the oldest fossil on Earth, a remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago when Earth's skies were orange and its oceans green. In a newly melted part of Greenland, Australian scientists found the leftover structure from a community of microbes that lived on an ancient seafloor. Based on their analysis of the fossils, the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old. The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin VanKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. "It gives us an idea how our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold," VanKranendonk said. Scientists had thought it would take at least half a billion years for life to form after the molten Earth started to cool a bit, but this shows it could have happened quicker, he said. That's because the newly found fossil is far too complex to have developed soon after the planet's first life forms, he said. In an outcrop of rocks that used to be covered with ice and snow which melted after an exceptionally warm spring, the Australian team found stromatolites , which are layered structures that are often produced by a community of microbes. The stromatolites were about 1 to 4 centimeters high. "It is like the house left behind made by the microbes," VanKranendonk said. "Scientists used the layers of ash from volcanoes and tiny zircon with uranium and estimated that they date back to 3.7 billion years ago." The dating seems about right, said Abigail Allwood, a NASA astrobiologist who found the previous oldest fossil, from 3.48 billion years ago, in Australia. But Allwood said she is not completely convinced that what VanKranendonk's team found once was alive. She said the evidence wasn't conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk . "It would be nice to have more evidence, but in these rocks that's a lot to ask," Allwood said in an email. According to the passage, _ .
|
[
"the previous fossils are a geologic quirk",
"the previous fossils are made up of stromatolites",
"the newly found fossils come from Western Australia",
"the newly found fossils have a history of 3.7 billion years"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following represents the velocity of a moving object?
|
[
"40",
"40 m north",
"40 m/s",
"40 m/s north"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists perform experiments to test hypotheses. How do scientists try to remain objective during experiments?
|
[
"Scientists analyze all results.",
"Scientists use safety precautions.",
"Scientists conduct experiments once.",
"Scientists change at least two variables."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The World Health Organization (WHO) said that processed meat may be carcipogenic . Do you still dare eat cancer-linked processed meat ? Here are some comments on the website. Bill (Australia) I'd rather live a short, pleasant life than a long, unhappy one, denying myself tasty food just because some experts say it's not healthy. We should all enjoy the one life we have ---if I had listened to every piece of health advice I would never go anywhere, eat anything or enjoy life in any way. So, I won't change my habit. I am going to have bacon sandwich, glass of wine, burger, can of coke whenever I fell like it. Tim (America) Is meat really as bad as smoking: I don't think so. According to the WHO 34,000 people die worldwide per year because they eat processed meat. In 2012, 8.2 million people died of cancer worldwide. That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat. I'll take the chance. Helen (Switzerland) The WHO doesn't say that just one bite of meat causes cancer, it is rather saying that people should vary their diet. People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits. They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less. Van (China) Perhaps this report will make people consider becoming vegetarians ( ). So for your health, the environment and future generations, it is not difficult; it just needs a change of attitude. There is a vast variety of other delicious food available to enjoy. Who have the most similar viewpoints ?
|
[
"Bill and Tim.",
"Tim and Helen.",
"Helen and Van.",
"Bill and Van."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When people talk of a virus these days, chances are that they are talking about computer virus that have the power wipe out all the valuable work people may have stored in their computers. Imagine, the virus has the power to make military systems, giant banks, airports, hospitals and traffic system come to stop! What does a computer virus do? It targets electronic objects that are programmed. The virus spreads through connections between these electronic objects. For virus spreading experts, e-mail is a favorite method of sending their destructive weapon. But scientists warn that this is not the worst that can happen. There is more. People are also connected through phones. The next virus may actually target mobile phones, especially those that are programmed to do many tasks apart from just communicating. It would then be easy for a virus to infect those programs and create major disorder. For example, these virus may have the power to record your phone conversations and make others hear them. They create problems with your electronic money accounts, or they could create a mountain of telephone bills for calls you never made. And that would be a disaster. A report on this was published in the New Scientist recently. One way out would be to have simpler phones with not so many different functions. This would mean there would mean there would be fewer programs for the virus to attack. But mobile phone producers are _ . People on longer want an electronic item to perform just one task. They want more and more functions added. That would mean more software programs to make the mobile phone perform all those functions. And that means the possibility of more viruses. For whom is the passage written?
|
[
"Government officials",
"Virus spreading experts",
"Electronic scientists",
"Mobile phone users"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"atlas moth",
"dyeing dart frog",
"piranha",
"macaw"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A student wants to create a model showing the most important reason why old gasoline should never be poured into the soil. Which of the following must be included in the model?
|
[
"gasoline evaporating from soil",
"gasoline catching fire in the soil",
"gasoline polluting an old septic system",
"gasoline trickling down into groundwater"
] | 3D
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More men are finding their calling as nurses. A new study from the United States Census Bureau reports the number of male nurses has doubled since the l970s.Back then,about 2.7 percent of registered nurses were men.The new study,which tracked data through 2011,finds that men now make up 9.6 percent of all employed nurses in the United States about 330,000 men in total.Recent years of shortages have led to increased efforts,according to report,which included recruiting men into the field. Men,in fact,had been largely kept out of nursing in past decades because nursing schools often refused to admit men.The Supreme Court ruled that practice unconstitutional in l981 after a case involving a state nursing school. "The ly high wages and expanding Job opportunities makes this field attractive,offering stability even during recessions ,"wrote the report's author,Liana Christin Landivar of the U.S.Census Bureau,"And because of high demand,nursing has low unemployment rates compared to other fields.'' Men were found to be more likely to become nurse anesthetists ,which is the highest paid nursing occupation,and were found least likely to become licensed practical or licensed vocational nurses,the lowest paid types of nursin9.Nurse anesthetists are required to get graduate education,and are certified to give anesthetists and monitor patients recovering from anesthesia.1Acensed practical and licensed vocational nurses provide patient care and may work under the supervision of a registered nurse.Registered nurses assess patient health problems and needs,develop and carry Out nursing care plans,maintain medical records,and administer care. For all types of nursing,men earned,on average,$60,700 per year,while women earned$51,100 per year."Even among men and women in the same nursing occupations,men outlearn women,"wrote Landivar. Which of the following is true about nurses in the US in the l 970s?
|
[
"The number of male nurses doubled.",
"About 2.7%of registered nurses were men.",
"There were about 330,000 male nurses,",
"About 9.6%of employed nurses were men."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In which taxonomic group are organisms found that share the characteristic of storing hereditary material in a single loop of DNA?
|
[
"bacteria",
"fungi",
"plants",
"animals"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
My grandpa is 93 years old this year. He is very healthy and looks young. Many people ask him why he is so healthy. Grandpa says good diet is very important to everyone. Grandpa has three meals a day regularly . He often eats lots of vegetables and fruit. He never drinks or smokes . He says they are bad for health. After he gets up in the morning, he often drinks a cup of water. And before he goes to bed in the evening, he has a cup of milk. He says everyone should drink some water before breakfast. Grandpa has a good lifestyle, too. He likes sports. He likes playing ping-pong and badminton. Sometimes he goes swimming. He goes running every day before breakfast, too. He says exercise can help a person keep healthy and strong. Grandpa likes watching TV. But he only watches TV in the afternoon. He doesn't watch too much TV. Many old people like playing Majon, but grandpa doesn't. He says sitting in the chair for long time is not good for health. What makes grandpa so healthy?
|
[
"Only a good diet",
"Eating three meals regularly.",
"A good diet and lifestyle.",
"Sports activities."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A teacher builds a model of a hydrogen atom. A red golf ball is used for a proton, and a green golf ball is used for an electron. Which is not accurate concerning the model?
|
[
"number of particles",
"relative mass of particles",
"types of particles present",
"charges of particles present"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I believe I've gotten this more than once. One lady told me she thought I was 12 and even told her 14-year-old daughter the same. I saw lots of surprised faces because people were told I was actually 19 years old. I'm actually 19 years old, which isn't much of a problem. I'm like the oldest of my friends and the shortest, which is pretty funny. That's probably one of the reasons I fit in so well with them. I volunteered at a weekend school teaching young children. Parents always looked me up and down like "why is this 13-year-old girl teaching my child?!??!?" I guessed it was because I'm also petite ,and I didn't know whether I had a childish face...??? Sometimes I found it funny, sometimes I found it annoying . But I just shrugged it off at last. You know, soon enough people got to know me and then realized I was not actually a 13-year-old girl. This short thing used to be a problem for me, though. I was very very small when I was younger, so kids would _ me. When I was 12, 8-year-old girls would look down at me like "I CAN'TBELIEVEYOU'RETWELVE!" I had always wanted to be tall. But now that I'm older, I got used to it, and I actually love it. You know, I'm fun sized! Many people felt surprised when told the writer's age because they thought she _ .
|
[
"was certainly over 19",
"should be only 12",
"was sure under 12",
"must be 14"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Since around the later part of the 1950s, society started to realize that tobacco cigarettes caused health problems. As research progressed along with increasing numbers of people that developed lung cancer, emphysema, and other smoking related illnesses, cigarette smoking has become less accepted and popular. Unfortunately, the nicotine contained in cigarettes is one of the most addictive substances on the planet and makes quitting smoking one of the hardest things to do. In 2003, Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer, and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father, a heavy smoker, passed away from lung cancer attributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes. Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced e-cigs to the Chinese market in the following year through his employer, Golden Dragon Holdings. Golden Dragon Holdings later changed the company's name to "Ruyan" in order to better match the company's name(Ruyan means "almost like smoke")to the new product. Since the renaming, the Ruyan company has continued e-cigarette development and grown to be one of the largest global e-cig manufactures. Dr.Sam Han, CEO of Cixi E-CIG Technology, Inc, Ltd. also has a number of e-cig related inventions, including four patents in the United States and two in China that are electronic cigarette and e-liquid technology related. Similar to Hon Lik's father. Dr. Han was a heavy smoker for more than 40 years before beginning to work on electronic cigarette technologies in order to help himself and others make the shift to vapor smoking. Dr.Han continues to market and conduct R&D in e-cig related techonologies to this date. After the successful deployment of Ruyan and Cixi E-CIG electronic cigarettes in China and Asia, the products started to be sold in significant quantities on the Internet. Since when have Chinese smokers have been able to buy Hon Lik's electronic cigarettes according to the passage?
|
[
"2000.",
"2003.",
"2004.",
"2005."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Colette investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?",
"Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?",
"When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Miss Gogers taught physics in a New York school. Last month she explained to one of her classes about sound, and she decided to test them to see how successful she had been in her explanation. She said to them, "Now I have a brother in Los Angeles. If I was calling him on the phone and at the same time you were 75 feet away, listening to me from across the street, which of you would hear what I said earlier, my brother or you and for what reason?" Tom at once answered, "Your brother. Because electricity travels faster than sound waves." "That's every good," Miss Gogers answered; but then one of the girls raised her hand, and Miss Gogers said. "Yes, Kate." "I disagree," Kate said. "Your brother would hear you earlier because when it's 11 o'clock here it's only 8 o'clock in Los Angeles." Miss Gogers was teaching her class _ .
|
[
"how to telephone",
"about electricity",
"about time zone",
"about sound"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In nowadays,people tend to get married late.Does it have advantage or disadvantage?Different people have different opinions.Now let's have a look at a telated study about Americans. A study has found that marrying later in life is generally financially benfeicial for women,but not for men. The University of Virginia has published a report that college-educated women who get married in their thirties earn an average of 56 percent more than those who wed a decade earlier. In contrast,men who settle down in their twenties have higher intomes than those who wait until after 30,whatever their education. The Natioal Marriage Project's study,with the title:The Benefits and Costs of Delayed Marriage in America,examines the consequences of marrying later,a growing trend in the US. It notes that the average age of marriage is ag an all-time high of 27 for women and 29 for men,compared to 1990 when the averages were 23 for women and 26for men. But while wome have actually benefited financially from delayed marriages,men who getmarried earlier in life tend to be more successful later on. The study says that childbirth plays a role in these results. Around tow-thirds of lifetime income growth takes place during the first ten years of a career,according to clinical psychologist Meg Jay. Since college-educated women who marry in their twenties also tend to have their first baby earlier,forcing them to take a break from their careers. But getting hiched at a younger age tends to be a good career move for men,perhaps because married men are more sure of themselves and they have more responsibility for their family compared to single men ,leadng to more productivity,suggests Business Insider. The study also found that while college-deucated women profit from delayed marriage,those without a degree do not. In fact,among women who drop out of high school, 83 percent of first births are to unmarried mothers,according to the study. A woman without a college education therefore has less time to advance her career during ist vital first decade. The study also shows that men who never marry earn significantly less than those who do ,while the opposite is true for women. From the passage we can conclude that _ .
|
[
"as for income ,the first ten years of a career is very important for everyone",
"clooege-educated women tend to have their first baby earlier than other women",
"men have more responsibility for the family than women",
"women drop out of high school because they want to get married early"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do people do with their old, out-of-date but still useful computers? Most people don't know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown out with the rubbish. Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products . Dell, Hewlett-Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers. In some countries, laws are being passed, too. Computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade . Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. The computers then go to schools, charities and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person's rubbish into someone else's useful things--and cut down on waste, too. What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers?
|
[
"Help the computer companies to collect them.",
"Repair and send them to those who need them.",
"Help people to learn to use them.",
"Turn rubbish into useful things."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most children like chocolates, candies and other kinds of sweet food. Sometimes they put a lot of sugar into their food. They don't know that sugar is bad for their teeth. Children also like fast food. It is _ delicious than home cooking, and children can take it away and eat it anywhere. Other children like to eat too much meat. Fast food or too much meat doesn't help _ a strong and healthy body. Children grow fast. They need to eat more eggs, milk, corn ,fruit, vegetables and other healthy things. Eggs and milk are good for their bones. Corn gives them energy. Fruit and vegetables give them vitamins . Children should eat an egg, and have about 200ml of milk every day. It's best to drink milk after eating bread in the morning. They should eat 150g of corn to give them energy, too. They should also eat an apple or some other fruit with their breakfast. Eating enough vegetables is important for lunch and supper. ,.
|
[
"much",
"a little",
"much more",
"very"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the tree reproduction process a squirrel has the role of seed what?
|
[
"eater",
"scatterer",
"destroyer",
"killer"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers invited 79 people between the ages of 18 and 50 years old who had been diagnosed with depression. 33 of the participants were offered 20 music therapy sessions, in addition to their usual treatment for depression. The other 46 participants received stan dard treatment, and acted as the control group. The one-on-one music therapy sessions each lasted 60 minutes and took place twice a week. Trained music therapists helped each participant to improvise music. On average, each participant attended 18 music therapy sessions. 29 individuals (88 percent) attended at least 15 sessions. The participants in both groups were followed up at three and six months and assessed forsymptoms of depression and anxiety. In the final analysis, researchers discovered that af ter three months of participation, individuals who received music therapy showed greatly fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and scored better on general functioning. Although improvements still remained after six months, the difference between the groups was no longer statistically significant. Co-researcher Christian Gold, Ph.D., explained the study findings: "Our trial has shown that music therapy, when added to standard care including medication, psychotherapy and counseling , helps people to improve their levels of depression and anxiety. Music therapy has specific qualities that allow people to express themselves and interact in a non-verbal way - even when they cannot find the words to describe their inner experiences." Given the success of the study, researchers say it needs to be repeated with a larger sample of people, and that further research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of such therapy. Outside experts believe this study shows that music ther apy is an effective addition to traditional therapy and improves outcomes. Mike Crawford, M.D., said, "This is a high-quality randomized trial of music therapy specifically for depression, and the results suggest that it can improve the mood and general functioning of people with depression." Why does music therapy help people to improve their levels of depression and anxiety?
|
[
"People can express themselves and interact without using words.",
"People are very proud of creating music themselves.",
"People can release their feelings and become stronger.",
"People may feel more relaxed and excited."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
a typical rabbit diet includes
|
[
"crickets",
"mice",
"fish",
"weeds"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two balls rolled down two identical inclined planes. The balls were exactly the same mass and size, but one ball rolled down the inclined plane faster. Identify a possible reason that one ball rolled faster than the other ball.
|
[
"One ball was red and the other ball was blue.",
"One ball was new and the other ball was old.",
"One ball was shiny and the other ball was dull.",
"One ball was sticky and the other ball was smooth."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two more cases of H7N9 bird flu virus have been detected in Zhejiang province, including a man who died last week, authorities said on Wednesday. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed that a 38-year-old patient surnamed Hong from Hangzhou, the provincial capital, who died in hospital on March 27, had the virus. Hong was infected on March 7 while working in neighboring Jiangsu province. He returned home on March 18, according to the Zhejiang health department. The other patient, surnamed Yang, is a 67-year-old man. He developed a cough and fever on March 25 and was admitted to hospital on Tuesday. None of the people who came into close contact with the patients have developed symptoms of the flu, the health department said. On Sunday, two men in Shanghai died from H7N9. A woman in Anhui province and four men in Jiangsu province remain in _ condition, which makes a large number of people scared to death. All patients had fevers and coughs in the early stages before developing pneumonia and breathing difficulties, China's health authorities said. Experts say genetic analysis shows that the H7N9 virus can be treated with Tamiflu, an antiviral drug that may slow the spread of influenza(,) in the body. Wang Xianjun, head of the Shandong provincial center of disease control, said H7N9 is sensitive to neuraminidase-inhibiting medicine such as Tamiflu, Qilu Evening News reported on Wednesday. There are no effective vaccines for H7N9 as yet, Wang said, but using Tamiflu may be effective in the early stages. From the whole passage we can learn that _ .
|
[
"two men in Shanghai and a woman in Zhejiang province died from H7N9.",
"the H7N9 virus can be cured with an antiviral drug called Tamiflu.",
"all the patients infected with H7N9 had fevers and coughs in the early stages.",
"only one patient has died from H7N9 in Anhui."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake, through diet or a vitamin supplement," Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview. Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer," he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D.Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units (IU) a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day, Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences. The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine. African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake, the authors said. According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D because _ .
|
[
"it is nutritious",
"it can't harm people's health",
"it is not taken enough every day",
"it can lower cancer risk"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A crop of corn plants is genetically modified so that the plants produce a natural pesticide. People are concerned that these corn plants might transfer modified genetic material to other plants. Which of the following is the best way to further modify the plants to prevent them from transferring their genetic materials to other plants?
|
[
"changing the plants so they do not make pollen",
"changing the plants so they do not harm insects",
"changing the plants so they cannot produce nutrients",
"changing the plants so they cannot be easily identified"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Based on this information, what is Tiny's genotype for the eye color gene?
|
[
"red eyes",
"ee"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The World Health Organization recently reported that the number of cases of tuberculosis(TB) has been _ since 2006 . Also, fewer people are dying from TB. But a study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, says smoking could threaten this progress. Nearly twenty percent of all people use tobacco, and millions of non-smokers get sick from breathing the smoke. The new study predicts that smoking will produce an additional thirty-four million TB deaths by 2024. Efforts to control the spread of TB have mainly focused on finding and treating infections. Fewer efforts have been made to understand the causes. Dr Anthony Fauci is the director of the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases. He said, "Despite our control efforts, we still have more than a million people each year dying from TB and millions of people getting infected; we realize it's still a very important problem. So we have to do the practical thing and we have to do the fundamental research things at the same time. " Smoking does not cause TB; bacteria cause the infection. But the study says smoking affects the nervous system in a way that makes an inactive case of TB more likely to develop into an active one. Stanton Glantz is the director of the University of California's Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education and an author of the new study. He says it shows that TB cannot be controlled unless tobacco use is controlled. He said, "It increases the number of people who will get TB by about seven percent." The study is described as the first to identify a direct link between tobacco use and rates of TB infection and death. Professor Glantz says the results should guide those creating health policies and TB control efforts. He said, "If you want to control the infectious disease of TB, you have to control the tobacco industry and the tobacco industry's efforts to increase tobacco use, particularly in developing countries where TB is a big problem." What would be the beat title for this passage?
|
[
"Scientists try to find the causes of TB deaths.",
"Study shows smoking is harmful to our health.",
"Study links smoking to millions of TB deaths.",
"Scientists pay more attention to TB deaths than before."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Pam acquired this trait?
|
[
"Pam knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Pam learned how to knit in an after school program."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The cattle egret has lived in American continent in recent years. Non-native species are a worldwide problem and studies are devoted to assess the damage they cause to local species populations. The cattle egret primarily lives on the grassland and feeds in close association with animals like cattle and sheep. This bird is native to Africa, southern Europe and western Asia. The cattle egret in Brazil is unlike a number of bird species that have been established and expanded to non-native areas through human assistance. The first sight of the cattle egret in the New World were reported between 1877 and 1882, followed by sightings in British Guiana and Colombia and later expansion throughout the Americas. In Brazil, the cattle egret was first recorded in the northern region of the country in 1964, feeding along with buffalos on Marajo Island in the state of Para. While the cattle egret is not currently a threat to native animals and birds in Brazil throughout most of its geographic distribution, it has the potential to produce bad effects, as evidenced by its occupation of island environments. For example, in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, the cattle egret drives adult native seabirds away from their nests in producing time. Understanding how the cattle egret settled and lived in Brazil is important for the better understanding of spreading patterns of bird populations and their interaction with the local species. Explaining the egret cattle's settling in the Americas is a challenging task due to the lack of sufficient information and reports on entrance time, location, and number of events. Comparisons between native and non-native populations can provide a 'natural' experimental way to clarify the biological and environmental factors that may contribute to range expansion and adaptation to climate change, and to find how animals respond to strange and sudden ecological and environmental pressures. The research on the American cattle egret
|
[
"must be meaningless to other animals.",
"will mainly take place in the laboratory.",
"should be very easy due to the existing fact.",
"can help discover how animals adapt to the environment."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The University of Wales, Bangor has been rated the top university in the UK for the help and support provided for students by theTimes Higher Education Supplement.We want to make sure all our students are happy and that they enjoy their time here in Bangor. We realize that you may need some support during your time here to solve some personal problems or difficulties. Our Student Services Centre and the Students' Union can offer the following: * An advice service that is free and confidential. * You'll have a personal teacher in your department. * A Peer Guide will welcome you to Bangor during your first week and answer any question you might have. * Student Services and Security are on call during the day and there is a warden on call at evenings and weekends at all our halls of residence. * Personal support and advice on a variety of problems through the Students' Union Welfare Advice Centre. * Nightline, a confidential support service run during the night by students for students. * A team of staff volunteers are available to deal with any serious incident which happens outside normal university hours. * Health care in daily surgeries where you don't need an appointment. You will need to register with a local General Practitioner . We also have a nurse who can make visits to your place when necessary. * An adviser for international students. * A room where local postgraduate students who live at home and travel to the university each day, can spend their free time. The university welcomes applications from disabled students and aims to provide equal opportunities for all. For more information please see our Student Services pages. The University of Wales, Bangor is well-known for _ .
|
[
"the care and support offered to students",
"its super teachers and star students",
"its attention to disabled students",
"teaching quality and achievements"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Apple a day may poison children Children who eat an apple or pear a day may be exceeding the pesticide safety limit because of remains on the fruit,according to research. Using data of the British Department of Environment on pesticides on fruit collected from supermarkets,scientists thought that each day some children would get a poisonous level of pesticides. The research,published on Sunday,says the government repeatedly claims that the levels of pesticide are safe because,instead of measuring individual apples, researchers buy 10,crush them and take an average reading to see if they are safe. This is the internationally agreed method of checking remains. But government figures show that the pesticide is not averagely spread across the batch ,and one or two apples could contain 90% or more of the pesticide in the batch. It used mathematical modeling to measure exposure to pesticides for children aged between 18 months and four years old. The pesticides involved can destroy children's hormones and some are suspected of causing cancer. The good news for British fruit growers is that samples grown in this country had lower _ level than imported fruit,so buying home-produced fruit will reduce the danger,said Emily Diamand,one of the Earth's senior food researchers and one of the authors of the report. The internationally agreed method of checking remains is to buy _ .
|
[
"two apples,crush them and take an average reading to see if they are safe",
"five apples,crush them and test to see if they are safe",
"ten apples,crush them and take an average reading to see if they are safe",
"eighty apples,and then test them by crushing"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Monarch butterflies use milkweed plants during all of their life stages. Milkweed plants grow in open areas, such as grasslands and wetlands. They also often grow between row crops. Given this information, which of these biotechnologies would pose the greatest threat to monarch butterflies?
|
[
"development of new antibiotics",
"development of new herbicides",
"development of disease-resistant crops",
"development of insect-resistant crops"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Let's go down one more, push your enter key..." says a volunteer helping senior citizens work a web session on the Inter-net. David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elderly. He gets them wired to the Internet. " If you hit your enter key, it will bring up this particular e-mail..." Pauline Allen is one of those who has started using the Internet," I thought I was through with life, I was ready for a rocking chair, because I was 86 years old. And I haven't found the rocking chair yet. " " You found the keyboard?" asks the reporter. " That's right, I found the keyboard. " The average age of Lansdale's students is around 68. All are in nursing or assisted care homes. He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web. David Lansdale says," Here they are in California, the family was back in New York, the opportunity to connect, to cross the time and space, was incredibly precious (valuable) to them. " "I hear you are so beautiful. " Lillian Sherly writes an e-mail to a newborn great granddaughter. Working with one another, the senior learn as a group. They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized :loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and loss of memory. Mary Harvey says," Bingo just doesn't interest me. But this does, believe me, this does. " Ninety-four-year-old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor. She says," When I send a letter to my grandchildren, and great grandchildren, they hang it up in their offices, just like I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator. Ha, ha. " David Lansdale says," There's a collective benefit. There is an element of treatment. Remember we started as a support group. " Dixon Moorehouse says,"I just wish I was 15 years old and getting to learn all this. " The senior calls their weekly meetings Monday Night Live. And many say the meetings have given them new life. Ruth Hyman says," Three years ago, they told me I wasn't going to live. But I showed them, and got work, and I've worked ever since. It can be inferred that Ruth Hyman's younger generations hang her mails up _ .
|
[
"in order not to lose the letters",
"in order not to forget something important",
"to make the offices more beautiful",
"to show pride in their grandmother's work"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
After my brother died in an accident, my mother was in deep sadness. I was only a four-year-old girl at the time, but I still understood the sudden shift in my mom's attitude towards safety. Suddenly everything around us was potentially dangerous. Overnight, the world had gone from a playground to a dangerous zone. I grew up with a lot of limits and rules. I couldn't walk home from school by myself, even though everyone I knew already did. I couldn't go to summer camp because what if something happened to me? As I got older, the list of things of fear got longer. My whole life was divided into "things you should avoid", and "things you needed to do in order to have a good, long life." I became a natural worrier. I worry about things like getting cancer, losing my wallet, car accidents, earthquakes, and losing my job -- disasters big and small, real and imagined. The funny part is that you'd never know it by looking at my life. In fact, I've developed a rule for myself: If it scares me, then I have to do it at least once. I've done lots of things that my mom would have worried about: I've ridden a motorcycle; I've traveled --a lot. I've performed stand-up comedy, and I'm planning my second wedding. There's something else I don't usually talk about, but it's a cornerstone in my belief: When I was 14, my mother died suddenly in a car accident. At my mom's funeral I remember making a choice. I could either live out the rest of my life trying to be "safe" or I could be brave enough to live out a fulfilling, exciting and, yes, sometimes dangerous life. I worry that I may have betrayed my mother by writing her in this light, but she has been a driving force in my life and, in the end I think she would have been proud of me. Courage isn't a natural character of human beings. I believe that using courage is like developing a muscle. The more often I do things that scare me or that make me uncomfortable, the more I realize that I can do a lot more than I originally thought I could do. Even though I inherited my mother's cautious nature. I've also come to believe that fear can be a good thing, if we face it. Believing that has made my world a less scary place. From the passage, we can learn that _ .
|
[
"the writer failed in her first marriage",
"nothing can make the writer afraid now",
"frightening things made the writer lose her self-confidence",
"the writer's mother felt annoyed with her"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In America, when people say"man's best friend", they don't mean another person. Instead, they are talking about a lovely animal--a dog! These words show the friendship between people and animals. Dogs and other pets can give joy to people's lives. Some people think of their pets as their children. Some people even leave all their money to their pets when they die! Animals can help people, too. Dogs can be taught to be the"eyes"for a blind person or"ears"for a deaf person. Scientists have found that pets help people live longer! They make people happier, too. Because of that, they bring animals into hospitals for"visits". Americans hold"Be Kind to Animals Week"in the first week of May. Pet shows are held during the week. Even if you don't live in America, you, too, can do this. How? First think about how animals make your life richer. If you have a pet, take more time this week to play with it. Remember to give it delicious food. If you don't have a pet, be kind to animals around you. For example, if you see a street dog, just leave it alone, or make friends with it. If others around you do bad things to animals, try to speak up. As people, we must protect animals who can't speak for themselves. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"A lot of people are interested in dogs.",
"Dogs can help people do many things.",
"Pets are lovely and need care and protection .",
"We have done a lot of things for pets."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More students than ever before are taking a gap-year before going to university.It used to be called the "year off" between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Serbice(UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. "Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be stisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible," he said. But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hadship - young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. "New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to PS15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,"he said. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year _ .
|
[
"are better prepared for college studies",
"know a lot more about their future jobs",
"are more likely to leave university in debt",
"have a better chance to enter top universities"
] | 0A
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a watering can?
|
[
"24 cups",
"24 fluid ounces",
"24 gallons"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Riding School: You can start horse - riding at any age.Choose private or group lessons any weekday between 9:00 a.m.and 8: 30 p.m.(3: 30 p.m.on Saturdays).There are 10 kilometers of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country.You will need a riding hat. Opening Hours: Monday through Friday: 9:00 a.m.--8:30 p.m. Phone: (412) 396 -6754 Fax: (412) 396 -6752 . Sailing Club: Our Young Sailor's Course leads to the Stage I Sailing qualification.You'll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers sailing theory and first aid.Have fun with other course members, afterwards in the clubroom.There are 10 weekly two - hour lessons ( Tuesdays 6 p.m.-- 8 p.m.). Opening Hours: Tuesdays: 6:00 p.m.--8:00 p.m. Phone: (412) 396 -6644 Fax: (412) 396 -6644 Diving Centre: Our experienced instructors offer one - month courses in deep - sea diving for beginners.There are two evening lessons a week, in which you learn to breathe underwater and use the equipment safely.You only need swimming costume and towel. Reduced rates for couples. Opening Hours: Monday and Friday: 6: 30 p.m.--8:30 p.m. Phone: (412) 396 -6312 Fax: (412) 396 -6706 Medical Center: The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university. The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal with a broad range of medical problems.Both female and male doctors as well as nursing staff are available for consultation. Also, all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores. Opening Hours: 24 hour from Monday to Sunday Phone: (412) 396 -6649 Fax:(412)396 -6648 Watersports Club: We use a two - kilometer length of river for speedboat racing, and water - skiing, a beginners course consists of ten 20 - minute lessons. You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently, but must be able to swim. The club is in a convenient central position and is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 4: 00 p.m., with lessons all through the day. Opening Hours: Monday through Friday: 9:00 a.m.--4:00 p.m. Phone:(412)396 -6899 Fax:(412)396 -6890 If you are planning to explore the ocean depths, you should attend your lessons at _ .
|
[
"24 hour from Monday to Sunday",
"Monday through Friday : 7:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m.",
"Tuesdays: 6:00 p.m.- 8:00 p.m.",
"Monday and Friday: 6: 30 p.m.- 8: 30 p.m."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse . Now Halley set to work. He figured out(,)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart. This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again. It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor. Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _ .
|
[
"1704",
"1705",
"1706",
"1707"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal that has a backbone.
|
[
"monarch butterfly",
"clownfish"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It's not easy being a teenager---nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you'll still be there for him when he needs you. Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don't insist he tell you what's on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he'll refuse to talk. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you're always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager's privacy . Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions. Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family's telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation . Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents _ .
|
[
"how to get along with a teenager",
"how to respect a teenager",
"how to understand a teenager",
"how to help a teenager grow up"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A surprisingly high number of city citizens in China suffer from poor health and many die at an early age. Poor health with no sign of any identified disease, a condition known in China as "sub health," is on the rise. Sub health is marked by general weakness, low energy levels and a poor immune system. A survey held in 16 cities with over 1 million population showed high proportions of urban Chinese have been suffering sub health problems. The numbers are particularly high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with 75.31, 73.49, and 73.41 percent respectively of residents in poor health, the survey showed. The problem happens mostly among senior and middle-level managers, clerks and other white-collar workers with high education levels, said the website of the Red Cross Society of China. "The sub health condition, found in most cases among groups of people with a high educational level, will have bad effects on China's long-term development and progress if not dealt timely and properly," the website warned. A survey by the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the average life of Chinese intellectuals is 58 years, 10 years lower than the nation's average. This early death phenomenon may be increasing. Among Chinese people with high education in the 25-59 age group, the death rate for women is as high as 10.4 per cent. For men it is even higher: 16.5 percent. A report published by the China Sub Health Academic Seminar said the country's health is going through a transitional period and many long-term diseases have taken the place of infectious diseases such as SARS and flu as the main cause of death. "Bad working habits, poor disease prevention knowledge, not enough governmental investment and lack of health education are the main reasons," said Yang Xiaoduo, a healthcare expert with a local health association, who said China should race against time seeking measures to solve the sub health problem. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"Chinese people especially the city citizens are suffering from sub health problem.",
"Infectious diseases used to be the main cause of death across China.",
"Sub health problem will do damage to our country's development.",
"Now more and more people realize the importance to stop sub health."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you want to increase your vocabulary, the best way to do it might be to pick up a guitar, or learn the violin. A new study shows that learning to play a musical instrument makes the brain more able to remember words. "Grown-ups with music training in their childhood can have better memory for words," said Dr Agnes Chan of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, who did the research. "They can remember things that you tell them better than those who did not have music training when they were young." It seems that one can remember spoken words because his brain has a special part. "That part of the brain is larger in musicians than in non-musicians," Dr Chan told BBC. "If that part of the brain is larger, it may be better developed and so this explains very nicely our results." Dr Chan and her workmates came to their conclusion after studying students. Their research is reported in the latest edition of the journal Nature. "We did the experiment with 60 girl college students from our university and 30 of them have at least six years training with one western musical instrument (such as the violin and the piano) before the age of 12. The other 30 had received no music training. We tested their memory by reading them some words and asking them to remember these words--a very common test for memory. We found that people who have had music training can remember about 70% more information than those who have not had any music training." Dr Chan thinks the process of learning is more important than the actual instrument used. She also believes if one is able to remember words through learning to play instruments, he or she could have some very real benefits. Dr Chan thinks this could be developed into a medical way for patients who are suffering from memory loss. According to the writer, learning to play a musical instrument helps to _ .
|
[
"get more knowledge",
"live more happily",
"remember more words",
"make one become a musician"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which animal travels great distance as part of its instinctive behavior?
|
[
"a raven",
"a bear",
"a chipmunk",
"a snake"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 143°F",
"a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 160°F",
"a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 132°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Alexandra Scott was born to Liz and Jay Scott in Manchester,Connecticut on January 18, 1996,the second of four children. Shortly before her first birthday,Alex was diagnosed with neuroblastoma,a type of childhood cancer. On her first birthday, the doctors informed Alex's parents that if she beat her cancer it was doubtful that she would ever walk again. Just two weeks later,Alex slightly moved her leg at her parents' request to kick. This was the first indication that she would turn out to be a courageous and confident child with big dreams and big accomplishments. By her second birthday,Alex was able to stand up with leg braces .She worked hard to gain strength and to learn how to walk. She appeared to be overcoming the difficulties, until the shocking discovery within the next year that her tumors had started growing again. In the year 2000,the day after her fourth birthday,Alex received a stem cell transplant and informed her mother,"When I get out of the hospital I want to have a lemonade stand. " She said she wanted to give the money to doctors to allow them to "help other kids,like they helped me.,,True to her word, she held her first lemonade stand later that year with the help of her older brother and raised an amazing $ 2,000 for "her hospital, People from all over the world,moved by her story,held their own lemonade stands and donated the earnings to Alex and her cause. In August of 2004,Alex passed away at the age of 8,knowing that,with the help of others,she had raised more than $ 1 million to help find a cure for the disease that took her life. Alex's family--including brothers Patrick,Eddie,and Joey--and supporters around the world are committed to continuing her inspiring cause through Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation . It can be learned from the text that Alex .
|
[
"couldn't walk until she was four",
"was the only daughter of the Scotts",
"held her first lemonade stand in 2001",
"was born with cancer"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A wetland habitat can continue to support the birds and fish that live there if people ___.
|
[
"drain the water away",
"flood the highest parts of the land",
"leave the land alone",
"use the land for planting crops"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Animals use resources in the environment to survive. Which of the following resources does an animal use for energy?
|
[
"air",
"food",
"shelter",
"water"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The forest in Senegal, a country in western Africa, is full of the chimps' usual noises. Suddenly dogs bark. Larger male chimps drop from the trees to face the threat while the others climb to safety. Then the dogs' young human masters appear. One mother chimp with a tiny baby tries to run. The dogs attack and separate them. The two teenage boys quickly catch the baby chimp. But they don't act out of sympathy --- they save the baby so they can sell it. After the teenagers return to their hometown, they visit a man who is said to be very interested in chimps. When they ask the man, Johnny Kante, if he wants to buy the baby, he replies, "That's not what we do." Kante is a member of a scientific team. Although Kante is angry with the teens for capturing the chimp, he hides his anger and persuades them to take him to the baby chimp. Unsure of what to do next upon seeing the chimp, Kante calls Jill Pruetz, the head of the chimp research team. "I'm really worried," says Pruetz, doubtful that the mother is still alive. But knowing that wild chimps sometimes adopt orphans , Kante and pruetz decide they must try to return the baby chimp to its wild community. Kante pays another visit to the teenagers. After he explains how much trouble they are in, because chimps are an endangered species, he requests they should give him the frightened baby without payment. They agree. Kante takes the baby chimp to his home and feeds her milk from a bottle whenever she cries. The next morning, Pruetz and Kante leave the baby with another team member and begin their search for the wild chimps. Pruetz quickly finds the group in the woods. She recognizes the female that is without her child. Pruetz is so excited that she runs the entire mile back to bring the baby chimp to the tree where the chimps are hanging out. The researchers place the baby on the ground near the tree and back away. Almost immediately, a male chimp drops to the ground and stares at the baby curiously. He carries her back to where the mother is waiting. Pruetz still can't believe how fortunate they were to have reunited the mother and child. "Surprising is the only word I can think of," she says. When Kante sees the little chimp the first time, he's _ .
|
[
"a bit at a loss",
"excited",
"angry",
"clear about how to save her"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A person who is physically fit will be able to walk or run without getting breathless and he or she will be able to carry out the activities of everyday living and will not need help. How much each person can do will depend on their age and whether they are a man or woman. A physically fit person usually has a normal weight for height. The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. A taller person can be heavier and still be fit. If a person is too heavy or too thin for the height it may affect the health. Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being. "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her thinking and emotional(feeling) abilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life." One way to think about mental health is by looking at how well a person functions. Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back" or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health. Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health. This is fixed by organized efforts and choices of society, public and private clubs, communities and individuals. It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. Public health stops instead of encouraging a disease through surveillance of cases. To prevent being sick, it is good to do healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, vaccination programs and so on. When infectious diseases break out, washing hands may be especially important. Once Bird Flu takes place, that refers to _ .
|
[
"the problem of public health",
"the problem of mental health",
"the problem of physical health",
"the importance of washing hands."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
John is my best friend. We live in the same building. We study in the same school but not in the same class. We often play football together after school. We have been good friends for two years. John is tall and strong with black hair. He has a round face, a small nose and big, brown eyes. I like his eyes because they are always bright and smiling. John is always friendly and helpful. When I feel bored or unhappy, he tells me funny jokes and makes me laugh. He'll give me help when I need. John is very smart. He reads a lot of books. He is good at singing and acts very well. He would like to make people happy with his songs and performance when he grows up. I believe that he can become as popular as Jackie Chan and travel around the world in the future. When did they became good friends?
|
[
"Long ago.",
"Two years ago.",
"In 2006.",
"In 2007."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
On Tuesday, the White House and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) set new limits on advertising food and drinks in schools. The rules ban advertisements for unhealthy foods in schools. The ad ban includes sugary drinks that account for more than 90% of unhealthy ads. An ad for Coca-Cola, for example, will be removed from a scoreboard at a high school football game. However, ads for Diet Coke and Dasani water, owned by the same company, are allowed to display . The new rules are part of the First Lady's "Let's Move" campaign to fight childhood obesity . Her goal is to get kids to eat healthier food. The marketing limits came after new USDA regulations that put a limit on the calorie, fat and sugar in most school food items. "The idea is simple -- our classrooms should be healthy places," the First Lady Michelle Obama said. "Because when parents are working hard to teach their kids healthy habits at home, their work shouldn't be destroyed by unhealthy messages in schools." However, the healthier food rules are criticized by people who think the government should not control what kids eat and by some students who don't like the healthier foods. It is reported that food companies spend $149 million a year on marketing foods to kids, and many big companies are supporting the new rules. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have started to advertise healthier products. For schools, junk food ads like the Coca-Cola scoreboard will be taken down. "The new limits ensure that schools remain safe places where kids can learn and eat healthy food," Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsak said. The rules will help guide schools on ways to create standards for foods and physical activities. They will require parents and the community to be involved in the campaign. What's the main idea of the text?
|
[
"Having a balanced diet in schools is important.",
"New limits on advertising foods in schools have been set.",
"It's Michelle's duty to make sure schools are safe places.",
"Banning advertisements for Coca-Cola in schools is necessary."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Julian acquired this trait?
|
[
"Julian likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.",
"Julian's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.",
"Julian's friend taught him how to fly a kite."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A cow will gain energy from eating
|
[
"dandelions",
"eggs",
"frogs",
"birds"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The more we learn about the octopus , the more intelligent we discover they are. Octopuses possess not one but nine "brains", one in each of their legs and a central brain behind the eyes. Octopuses can solve problems, can be trained to learn behavior and are extremely good at figuring out how to get out of an aquarium and get into food. We can learn a lot from an octopus. An octopus doesn't have a backbone, which doesn't mean that they lack nerve. On the contrary, their nervous system, which goes all the way down each leg, is very complex. They are able to take in a lot of information about their world and seem to be able to remember, learn and adapt to new situations. The suckers on their long legs can not only feel, but also taste. Each sucker works individually, so an octopus can just focus on one leg or one sucker. Their eyesight is sharp. Although their brains are quite small in comparison to ours, they still have very large brains for invertebrates . They have many physical characteristics of a human brain. Perhaps you've seen the video of an octopus in a German aquarium that learned to open a jar to get its food. Octopuses have also been taught to go through mazes and to pick out different shapes of patterns. Their short term and long term memory seems to be excellent. It is thought that octopuses are as intelligent as dogs in their capacity to learn certain behavior, solve problems, and make use of objects. In the movie "Octopus Intelligence: Deep Sea Aliens," some species of octopuses are letting young octopuses watch the adults in order to train them. If this keeps up, in a hundred thousand generations the octopus may rule the seas. Clearly, there is more to an octopus than just a lot of legs. We can learn from the passage that the octopus _ .
|
[
"is the cleverest animal in the sea",
"has nine small brains and a big one",
"has a very complex nervous system",
"has all its brains behind its eyes"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even while in a deep sleep, people can still learn brand new information. Sleepers soak in new associations between smells and sounds, knowledge that lingers into the next waking day, researchers report online August 26 in Nature Neuroscience. The new study is the first to show that entirely new information can get into the sleeping mind, says Anat Arzi of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. "The brain is not passive while you sleep. It's quite active. You can do quite a lot of things while you are asleep." But the results don't mean that Spanish vocabulary tapes now have a place on the nightstand. L, Researchers have tried but largely failed to find evidence that complicated information, such as new pairs of words, can make its way into the brain during sleep. Instead of trying to teach people something complicated like a new language, Arzi and her colleagues relied on the sense of smell and hearing. As anyone who has walked by a dumpster in July knows, smells can cause a nose-jerk reaction. Catching a bad smell automatically makes people inhale less, reducing the size of the inhale. But scent of fresh bread causes a long, deep inhale., rzi and her team took advantage of this reaction for their experiment. As people slept in the laboratory, the researchers delivered pleasant scent, such as shampoo. As this nice smell got into the sleepers' noses, the researchers played a particular music. Later, a disgusting smell, such as rotten fish or meat, was paired with a different music. Neither the smell nor the sound woke people up. After just four exposures to the smell-music pair during a single night, the sleepers started to automatically respond to the tones without the accompanying smells, taking in bigger breaths when the shampoo-associated tone played and smaller breaths when played the sound linked to the rotten fish smell. This new learned association lingered into the next waking day, too. Even though the sleepers had no idea they had been exposed to smells or sounds, their behavior proved that their brain had actually learned something during sleep. As before, the shampoo sound stimulated a long, deep inhale, while the rotten fish tone caused more shallow breaths. In which part of a website may this passage most likely appear?
|
[
"Culture.",
"Science.",
"History.",
"Economy."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada, led the international team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at increasing speed. At this rate, he says, all seafood species could collapse by 2048 and seafood supplies from the world's ocean could be almost gone by then. Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty years. Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems, but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research. The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine. The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appeared to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth. The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for nineteen fifty to two thousand three. And they examined archeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years. Boris Worm says the findings were, in his words, "beyond anything we suspected." But he also said the situation is not too late to correct. He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years. Which of the following isn't the damage to the ocean?
|
[
"The species of fish in the ocean are reducing.",
"Sea water is polluted.",
"Sea water quality is improved.",
"Less productivity of ecosystem."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The search for life in the universe took a step forward last month with the opening of the Allen Telescope Array in Hat Creek, California. The telescopes were partly made possible by a gift of twenty-five million dollars from Paul Allen. The total cost of the project is already fifty million dollars. At present, there are 42 radio telescopes working at the Hat Creek observatory. The signals they receive are combined to create what is equal to a single, very large telescope. The telescope will be used to observe objects like exploding stars, black holes and other objects that are predicted but have not yet been observed. Seth Shostak of the SETI Institute says this is the first telescope whose main purpose is to search for signals from intelligent life in space. The SETI Institute is based in Mountain View, California. The organization supports the search for other life forms in the universe. What makes the Allen Telescope Array unusual is that it can collect and study information from a wide area of the sky. In addition, the 42 telescopes can study information about several projects at the same time. That means studies of large areas of the sky can be made faster than ever before. Some officials think the Allen Telescope Array will be completed in three more years. 350 individual radio telescopes are planned. The new abilities of the Allen Telescope Array will make searching for stars similar to the sun much faster. An earlier search by SETI, Project Phoenix, studied about 800 stars to a distance of 240 light years. The project ended in 2004. With the Allen Telescope Array, astronomers hope to gather thousands of times more information in the search for life beyond our planet. From this passage we know that_.
|
[
"the 42 radio telescopes at Hat Creek observatory can work together",
"the total cost of the project came from Paul Allen",
"Hat Creek observatory can receive signals from all parts of the worm",
"Hat Creek observatory is operated by an American named Paul Allen"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
mixing sand and water
sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Plants are very important living things. Life could not go if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. So animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and _ plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants don't grow from seeds. They grow from spores. Spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as the seeds. When these spores fall on wet and _ , they usually grow into new plants. In "shady" place there is _ .
|
[
"a lot of sunshine",
"a lot of water",
"no water",
"little sunshine"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Desalinating water from the ocean does what to nearby fish?
|
[
"manipulates habitat",
"makes habitat nicer",
"helps them out",
"gives them money"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the mammal.
|
[
"human",
"American toad",
"alpine newt",
"green frog"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I was an only child up until the age of eight.Every time I saw other girls playing or sharing their secrets with their sisters or brothers,I would feel sad for myself .At Christmas I found out that I was soon to be a big sister.I had no idea how I would deal with a baby in our house.The little experience I had with kids taught me that I didn't really like them.They were always making trouble. My parents set off to the hospital one evening and planned to have the rest of my family and I come to the hospital later .To this day, I don't think I have gone through a more nerve-wracking experience than sitting in the hospital's waiting room.I was sleepless all night .When I was finally allowed to see my new baby sister , I was so scared.I reached out and when I got a hold of her,I fell in love with her. For the first time,holding my sister had an effect on whom I want to be and because of her,rather than my parents' frequent requests.I have set out goals to improve my future.I want to be her role model,someone she can respect.The past two years has seemed to go by very fast.I've watched her grow older;I have seen her learn to walk and learn to talk.The fear that she held over me seems so small now. Now you can see that the family is such an important part of my life:it has influenced who I am and who I want to be in my future. What played the biggest part in the changes of the writer according to the passage?
|
[
"Her parents' requests.",
"Her school education.",
"Her hope to have a bright future",
"Her parents and sister."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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