question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
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listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
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stringclasses 32
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stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|
The size of eyes matter relevant to sight and sight ability, given that
|
[
"elephants see better than ants",
"wolves see better than giraffe",
"people see better than dogs",
"dogs see better than cats"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The temperature of a monitor lizard will increase if it
|
[
"goes into a hole underground",
"hides under a tree",
"swims in a fountain",
"leaves a rainy forest for a sunny desert"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What are petri dishes used for in a lab?
|
[
"reflecting light to form images",
"measuring the mass of molecules",
"growing bacteria in a controlled setting",
"observing the strength of physical forces"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"komodo dragon",
"tiger",
"gray crowned crane",
"mosquito"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism. Which of the following is most likely identical?
|
[
"shape of cell walls",
"number of mitochondria",
"shape of cell membranes",
"number of chromosomes"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars , and say they could be protecting life from the planet's terrible environment. The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface. "If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance you'd find it in caves," said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program. Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting. One photo taken at night by an infrared imager showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out. "I said: 'Wow, that's a cave'" Dr. Clarke said excitedly. "People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them." He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked , dry surface. "Tiny drops of water could collect inside," he said. "If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation." The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lave flows spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining have to flow out, forming caves. According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because_.
|
[
"such caves could provide energy for life",
"they had finally found the caves on Mars",
"such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life",
"scientists had long been looking for these caves"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Whether it's a carol service or an evening of karaoke in the pub, many people will enjoy a good old singsong this Christmas. Singing aloud will not just lift the spirits---it's good for your physical health as well. Filling the lungs with air, increasing the heart rate and getting blood pumping round the body faster can all help our physical health. For the past few years Heart Research UK has been Funding a Christmas campaign aimed at getting people singing, simply for the benefit it can bring. The organizer of the campaign says singing is a safe, simple and social activity that everyone can enjoy. "Singing is linked to long life, stress reduction, and general health protection. It also brings a great amount of happiness. It is impossible to sing well with a long face because it affects your pitch ." Professor Graham Welch, who leads the International Music Education Research Centre at the University of London, has spent more than 30 years studying the effects of singing. He says that singing is a form of exercise. It means we're also having a strong aerobic activity when we're singing, which results in increasing the feeling of pleasure while decreasing that of stress. "And communal singing--like in a singing group, a church service or even a singsong in the pub--helps improve our sense of self-respect. It increases our sense of satisfaction with ourselves, a greater sense of feeling included. " Helen Astrid, a singing teacher, also sees the great effects that singing brings. "It lifts us up on a spiritual level, it helps our self-respect, and it's great for all ages from small kids to grannies--you can have a good sing and _ ." But she warns people not to have too many beers or glasses of wine, though a glass may help them gather courage before taking to the stage during the holidays. Which is the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Karaoke--Best Place for Singing!",
"Christmas--Best Time for Singing!",
"Singing--Healthy but Difficult",
"For Health--Let's Sing!"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the first programme,The Mexican Wave, the focus is on the Orange Monarch butterfly. Each autumn in the pine forests of central prefix = st1 /Mexico, one of the greatest natural phenomena appears, as tens of millions of beautiful orange Monarch butterflies pour into the trees to spend the winter months. Some of them have migrated several thousand kilometres from their breeding grounds in North America and Canada, but although they've never been here before, they travel south and find their way to an area not much bigger than the English county of Devon. Although they coat the trees and when they take flight, look like an orange snowstorm, these butterflies are under threat at both ends of their journey.The pine forest are being cut down illegally by gangs of loggers, despite protection from the Mexican government. Local people need timber and firewood to survive. Where the butterflies breed in North America, their foodplant, the milkweed, is being killed by herbicides and agricultural practices, and the Monarch's migration is in danger.With location reports from the Mexican forests, Brett Westwood explores how steps are being taken to develop sustainable forestry to help preserve this magnificent insect. What's the main reason for the decline of the number of Orange Monarch butterflies? .
|
[
"Being killed by enemies",
"Being caught by human beings",
"Lack of protection from the Mexican government",
"The disappearance of their habitat and food"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In modern society, people can hardly do without mobile phone or computer. The youth of today are even more looking forward to Apple Corp's products. The iPad is an Apple tablet computer. The device sits somewhere between a laptop and a smart phone, according to Apple's chief executive, Steven P. Jobs, and does certain things better than both of them, like surfing the Web, reading e-books and playing videos. The iPad went on sale on April 3, 2010, and Apple said it had shipped 500,000 units in the first week. The handheld device puts Apple on a direct collision course with the Kindle from Amazon, which Mr. Jobs ever considered as pioneering the category. It is common knowledge that media companies hope the iPad will finally lead to available ways for them to charge for news, books and other materials. The half-inch thick, 1.5-pound device features a 9.7-inch multi-touch screen and is powered by a customized Apple microchip, which is called A4. It has been designed with an exposed screen and without a camera or separate keyboard. The iPad has the same operating system as the iPhone and also has access to its 140,000 applications. The price of the device starts at $499 for the most basic model, with a Wi-Fi wireless connection. More expensive models with more memory and with 3G wireless access will cost $629 to $829, depending on storage size. Because Apple is attempting to popularize a new kind of computing device, acceptance among consumers is expected to be slower than with previous Apple devices. Critics assume that some buyers are waiting for future versions of the iPad to appear, perhaps with a camera or USB ports . On its first day on sale, iPad users downloaded more than one million applications from the company's AppStore and more than 250,000 electronic books from its iBookstore. A new wave of apps is expected in response to the iPad. For an application developer, having an application accepted for a highly desired Apple product means reaching a passionate group of consumers. The potential income is huge: the apps market for the iPhone and iPod Touch alone is already worth a billion dollars a year in sales. The different prices of the iPad are determined by _ .
|
[
"the size of the memory",
"the size of the screen",
"the speed of the microchip",
"the Wi-Fi wireless connection"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wine drinkers tend to buy healthier food than beer drinkers, according to a Danish study published on Tuesday on the website of a weekly medical magazine. People who bought wine at the store were also more likely to buy fruit, vegetables, fish, lean meat and milk than beer buyers did, said the study. Beer buyers were more likely to buy frozen dinners, cold cuts, pork, sugary products, and soft drinks. The study was conducted by four researchers from the National Institute of Public Health over the course of six months. Alcohol researchers Erik Schulenburg and Marten Greenback and two other doctors collected 3.5 million receipts from 98 stores. The customers at the stores represented a large number of Danish people, they said. "Our results confirm international studies which show that wine drinkers tend to eat more fruit, vegetables and fish and rarely eat fats, compared to those who like other kinds of alcoholic drinks," they concluded. Wine buyers also tended to have higher education levels, higher earnings and be in better mental health, they added. Their interest in consumers' shopping bags followed a series of studies in the Danish media. The studies suggested that wine drinkers ran a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer than beer drinkers. The researchers did the study mainly by means of _ .
|
[
"handing out papers with a list of questions",
"collecting receipts from stores",
"watching what customers bought at stores",
"visiting some families throughout the country"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?
|
[
"The mound of cookie dough is pushing on the rolling pin.",
"The mound of cookie dough is pulling on the rolling pin."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which is the easiest way to burn a silver coin?
|
[
"Hold the silver coin with crucible tongs, and heat strongly in the flame of a Bunsen burner.",
"Use the method in (A), but use an oxyacetylene torch to reach a higher temperature.",
"Grind the silver coin into very small, dust-sized particles, and spray the particles into a Bunsen burner flame.",
"Dissolve the silver coin in acid, precipitate the hydroxide, and heat in a Bunsen burner flame to make the oxide."
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu
|
Getting sick overseas can be scary. You're in an unfamiliar place and often don't speak the language. Although each trip is different, there are universal things you can do to keep safe. Be prepared. "Schedule a visit with a doctor who specializes in travel or the area you're visiting at least four weeks before your departure," says WHO public health expert Dr. Gilles Poumerol. A travel doctor will be able to give you the required and recommended vaccinations as well as discuss any medical issues you may come across abroad. Get insurance. "In many countries where you have limited access to health care, good health care is only found in the private sector and can be very expensive," Dr. Poumerol says. Plus, in an emergency, returning to the United States can cost more than $50,000. Ask your health insurance company whether your policy applies overseas and whether it will cover trips to a foreign hospital. If not, there are many companies that offer short-term travel health insurance for a reasonable fee. A list can be found on the US State Department's travel website. Ks5u Pack well. Dr. Poumerol also suggests bringing a note from your doctor in English and the language of the country you're visiting. Packing an emergency contact list is important. Contacts should include the local embassy , s who should be informed if you get sick and your health insurance company. Be care. You have to be in charge of your health. If you're being treated abroad, question the medical staff about their sterilization practices; injection equipment should be put in boiling water for at least 30 minutes or used only once. Also be sure that doctors and nurses are wearing gloves to prevent fluid transfer. Limiting your alcohol intake will keep you focused on your safety. If your common sense is perfect, the rest of your body should follow. Dr. Poumerol suggests bringing a note that _ .
|
[
"records your life story abroad",
"shows all your health and safety requirements",
"was written in English and the local language",
"was bought in the country you're visiting"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every kid wishes to be an adult. But now as grown-ups, some adults find they cannot leave childhood behind. They become "kidults" (kid+adult). Being a kidult has become a lifestyle-choice among young people across Asia. Some kidults collect toys they once played with. Hello Kitty, Garfield, and Snoopy have many adult fans around the world. It is not unusual to see a 20-something woman with a big, Garfield-shaped cushion on her sofa or a Hello Kitty mobile phone accessory. Other kidults still enjoy children's stories and fairy tales. For example, Bloomsbury even published the Harry Potter novels with an adult cover. That way, no one else on the subway will know that an adult is actually reading a children's book! "Kidults can be like vitamins to society. Adults who value their childhood and hold on to pure, child-like emotion may be needed in such a rough and dry society," said Lee Sojung, professor of Foreign Studies at Hankuk University. He added that kidult culture may fill the generation gap between adults and kids. It could give children and their parents books, movies, and cartoon shows to enjoy together. He may be right. Tim Greenhalgh, a professor, explained that some kidults just refuse to grow up. They cling to childhood because life in a busy and stressful city frightens them. Kidults would like to forget their age and openly show their fear of society and adulthood. " So, they can escape from increasingly complex and stressful lives that are hard to deal with." Greenhalgh said. According to the passage, kidults would like to do the following except _ .
|
[
"buy Hello Kitty mobile phone accessories.",
"read a children's book on the subway.",
"work in a busy and stressful city.",
"Collect toys they once played with."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When oil and water are mixed together, they form a
|
[
"gas.",
"solid.",
"compound.",
"suspension."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Playing video games has become a real job now. Players can get a lot of money. They compete, watched by thousands of fans in arenas , with millions more following online. 40 years ago the first known competition (playing Spacewar at the US's Standford University) offered a magazine as first prize. In 2014 the world championship for Dota 2 had the prize of almost $11 million and 10,000 fans watched live as Chinese team won the first prize. Last year also saw the first e-sports arenas open in the US and a 15,000-seater e-sports stadium in China, the e-TV sports report by sports network ESPN and the $450,000 worth e-sports scholarship offered by Chicago's Robert Morris University. If you're over 30, you probably don't, directly, unless you happen to be a fanatical player of the most popular e-sports games. But your children or grandchildren do. They know the players by their gaming handles and hope to follow their heroes into a gaming world. When did the Chinese team win the first prize?
|
[
"40 years ago.",
"30 years ago.",
"In 2014.",
"In 2015."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The standard Outward Bound course lasts for three or four weeks. During that time the students live in the wilderness and go through many physical activities of ever increasing difficulty. The first few days are given to physical conditioning and to the teaching of basic skills such as first aid, map and compass reading, rope climbing, and other similar activities. During the second part of the course students learn how to climb rocks and cliffs, how to use canoes and rafts in swift water, and in some schools how to sail, ski, climb mountains, and make long-distance hikes. The first two parts of the course are done in groups. Members work together and help each other to overcome the increasing number of challenges. In the third part of the course, students are sent out alone for three days to survive in the wilderness with only a few necessities. Who are the students of Outward Bound? They are both young people and adults, men and women. The minimum age is 16.5 years. There is no maximum age. About one-third of the 6,000 persons completing the course each year are women. Businessmen, housewives, university students, professors, doctors, and lawyers are among those taking part in the course. In recent years special courses for the busy business managers have gained in popularity. These courses last from five to ten days rather than the usual three to four weeks of the normal course. Not all students complete the Outward Bound course. In some cases the individual cannot meet the physical challenges. In its own words Outward Bound literature says: "Make no mistake, Outward Bound is not for everybody. The courses aren't easy and are not meant to be." Most students who finish the course share a common experience. They are surprised at themselves that they finish the course and they feel great pride in doing the impossible! The Outward Bound experience makes them feel that they are better than they know! All of the following are true EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"Special courses for business executives last five to ten days longer",
"All of the students have to live outdoors",
"The students of Outward Bound are composed of both sexes over 16.5 years",
"More and more businessmen like the Outward Bound course"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"saturn butterfly",
"robin",
"Galapagos giant tortoise",
"ground squirrel"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?
|
[
"Alarm clock",
"Hand dryer",
"Fan",
"Telephone"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Your teenage daughter is supposed to be doing homework, but you catch her chatting online. She tells you that she's talking about the math test tomorrow. Before your eyes start rolling, listen up: teens are using social networking sites for more than just gossip, according to a new study by the National School Boards Association. The students who took part in the online survey, aged 9 to 17, said they spent almost as much time on social networking online as they did watching television. And it is what these kids are talking about online that is causing such a cheer: education. Of the students who took part in the study 60 percent reported that some of the most popular social networking topics were college planning, learning outside of school, careers, and schoolwork. They also reported posting writing and art projects that might have nothing to do with schoolwork. Ann Flynn, director of education technology for the National School Boards Association, says social networking tools into educational is the way forward. Flynn says a school in Cleveland, Ohio is posting students' book reports on a blog for students of their own ages, parents and other teachers to read and comment on. "If someone reacts other than the teacher, a child is much more likely to take an assignment seriously," Flynn says. Not only students but also parents can benefit. Now parents can go online and know what the class is doing. So, next time your child says her blog is educational, get curious, sit down and check out the blog with her. You might just learn something new yourself. Why can parents benefit from social networking sites?
|
[
"Because parents can make a lot of friends online.",
"Because parents can help their children with their schoolwork.",
"Because parents can know their children's learning at school.",
"Because parents can keep up with social development."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the 1950s, a family that owned a farm near Beulah, Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm . The bull paced around the tree, dragging the heavy iron chain, which led to a groove in the bark . The groove deepened over the years. Though for whatever reason, it did not kill the tree. After some years, the family took their bull away. They cut the chain, leaving the loop around the tree and one link hanging down. Then one year, agricultural disaster struck Michigan in the form of Dutch Elm Disease. All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died. Everyone thought that the old elm would be the next. The farm owners considered doing the safe thing: pulling it out and cutting it up into firewood before it died. But they simply could not bring themselves to do it. It was as if the old tree had become a family friend. So they decided to let nature take its course. Amazingly, the tree did not die. Nobody could understand why it was the only elm still standing in the county! Plant experts from Michigan State University came out to observe the tree. They observed the scar left by the iron chain, now almost completely covered by bark. The experts decided that it was the chain that saved the elm's life. They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune to the virus. It's said that what doesn't kill you will make you stronger. Or, as Earnest Hemingway put it, "Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places." Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"A groove formed because of natural forces.",
"The family decided to keep the tree because they had become attached to it.",
"All of the elms in Beulah, Michigan died of the disease.",
"The plant experts advised the family to chop it down."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases. A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield,due to open in the autumn of 2012. Reporting to the Director,you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL'S Health and Safety,and to communicate with support employees at ALRL'S laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees,you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories. Candidates will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable. If you are interested in this position,please send your CV to Alex London Research Laboratory,University College London,Hatfield,London,W1E 6B7 or by email to [email protected]. For more Information.please visit www.alex.co.uk. What can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text?
|
[
"They have not yet been set up.",
"They are in Hatfield,Australia.",
"They belong to University College London.",
"They are new workplaces for Australian researchers only."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is there a limit to the number of years that a person can expect to live? Can changes in life-style add years to one's life? Throughout history people have sought answers to these questions and others. Various myths offer the hope of great longevity. In the imaginary land of Shangri-La, for example, people are said to lead a charmed existence for a thousand years. The Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon was convinced that he would find the Foundation of Youth in what is now the state of Florida. According to the Bible, Methuselah lived to be more than 900 years old. The subject of longevity is fascinating, and scientists study individuals such as Jeanne Calment to learn about the aging process. Calment died in 1997 in Arles, France, at the age of 122. She never married, and she lived in her own apartment until moving to a retirement community when she was 109. Most scientists agree that bodies will last, at best, about 125 years. This potential has changed little since modern human beings appeared more than 100 thousand years age. Recent improvements in medicine and the environment have extended life expectancy, especially for those from poorer parts of the world. It is not clear, however, whether such improvements will lengthen life expectancy beyond a certain point. Life expectancy is the number of years an infant can be expected to live, given the conditions into which it is born. Life expectancy, therefore, is affected by nutrition, medical care, and social and political circumstances. An individual's genetic makeup is also an important factor. Children from long-lived families can hope to enjoy long lives themselves. According to recent data, the average life expectancy worldwide in 1998 was 67 years. This can be compared with an average life expectancy of 77 in the United States. In 1970 the average life expectancy worldwide was 61 years, or 6 years less than it was in 1998. This same period saw a drop in infant mortality --- the death of a child before the first birthday---from 80 births out of 1,000 to 54 births out of 1,000. According to some researchers, the rise in the average life expectancy is due primarily to the drop in infant mortality. It is not so much that adults are living to an older age. It is, rather, that more people are living into adulthood because more children are surviving beyond their first birthdays. One can conclude that _ .
|
[
"the aging process can be stopped.",
"the aging process is inevitable.",
"life expectancy in the United States will soon reach 125 years.",
"the average life expectancy worldwide is decreasing"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Report Card Name: James Stuart Time: January 24th, 2012 Subjects Grades Comments English B+: Your reading and writing are good. But you have a strong accent , so you are not good at speaking. And you do not put much effort into this subject. If you work hard, you can get a better grade in this subject. Physics A+:You are good at this subject. You are hard-working. I am glad that you do best in this subject Math C:You like this subject. But you are not good at this subject because you are a little bit lazy. It is disappointing. You can do better if you try your best. Music B:It is a happy thing to hear you play the piano. You are crazy about the music. Although you like this subject best, your accent has a bad influence on your singing. James got the best grade in _ .
|
[
"English",
"physics",
"math",
"music"
] | 1B
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how millions of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria."Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day," says Dr. Kataria. "Everyone is naturally good at laughing -- it's the common language. We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 in the world. Many doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health. According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%. So what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest, I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking silly. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say "ho ho ho, ha ha ha" while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects. Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results. The first Laughter Club was started in _ .
|
[
"India",
"America",
"Britain",
"China"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Animals do many different, amazing things to get through the winter. Some of them migrate .Many birds migrate in autumn. Because the trip can be dangerous, some travel in large groups. For example, geese fly in noisy, "V"-shaped groups. Other kinds of birds fly alone. Some animals stay active in winter. They must change themselves as weather changes. For example, a kind of rabbits grow white fur to help them hide in the snow. It's hard to find food in winter for animals. Some animals, like mice, collect lots of food in autumn. Some animals eat different kinds of food as the seasons change. The red fox eats fruit and insects in spring, summer and autumn. In winter, it cannot find these things, so it eats small animals instead. Some animals hibernate for part or all of the winter. This is a special, very deep sleep. The animal uses very little energy. In autumn, these animals get ready for winter by eating much more food than in summer and storing it as body fat. Squirrels store food like nuts to eat later in winter. Bears and some bats hibernate. Cold-blooded animals like fish, frogs and snakes have no way to keep warm during the winter. Snakes find protection in holes, and spend the winter without moving during the whole season. In winter, snakes _ .
|
[
"move slowly",
"eat a lot",
"hide in holes",
"eat frogs"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many animals recognize their food because they see it.So do humans.When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate,you know that these are things you can eat.You can also use other senses when you choose your food.You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good.You may dislike some types of food because they do not look,smell or taste very nice.Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food.A few animals depend on only one of their senses,while most animals use more than one sense. Although there are many different types of food,some animals spend their lives eating only one type.The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo f).Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice.A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage,even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.However,most animals have a more varied diet .The bear eats fruits and fish.The fox eats small animals,birds and fruits.The diet of these animals will he different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet.We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us.In countries such as France and Britain.people eat foods with too much sugar.This makes them overweight,which is bad for their health.Eating too much red meat and animal products,such as butter, can also be bad for the health.Choosing the fight food,therefore,has become an area of study in modem life. We can infer from the text that humans and animals.
|
[
"eat entirely different food",
"are not satisfied with their food",
"choose food in similar ways",
"depend on one sense in choosing food"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Birds eat non-camouflaged moths at a higher rate than they eat camouflaged moths. In which situation would birds eat the moths at the slowest rate?
|
[
"dark moths in any environment",
"light moths in any environment",
"dark moths in a light environment",
"light moths in a light environment"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I grew up in Jamaica Plain. My best friend Rose and I used to dream about raising a family of our own someday and living next door to one another. Our dream remained alive through school and beyond. Rose was my maid of honor when I married Dick. Later, Dick was stationed in Alaska and we moved. Rose was sad to see me leave, but wished me the best of luck. We remained in touch for a few years before we lost track. I thought of her several times over the years. All of my children now have families of their own, and Dick passed away a few years ago. Basically, a lifetime has passed. Then one day, near my 80th birthday, I received a phone call "Hi Natalie, it's Rose," the voice on the other end said, " I don't know if you remember me, but we used to be best friends in Jamaica Plain when we were kids." We have spent hours on the phone catching up. Even after 52 years of separation our personalities and interests are still extremely similar. We both share a passion for several hobbies that we each picked up independently several years after we lost touch with one another. It almost feels like we are picking up right where we left off. Her husband died a few years ago as well, but she mailed me several photographs of her family that were taken over the years. It's so crazy, just looking at the photos and listening to her description of her family reminds me of my own: a reasonably large, healthy family. Part of me feels like we led fairly similar lives. I don't think the similarities between our two lives are a coincidence either. I think shows that we didn't just call each other best friend; we truly were best friends and even now we can be best friends again. Real friends have two things in common: a compatible personality and a strong-willed character. The compatible personality is what starts the connection between two people. A strong-willed character at both ends is what maintains the connection. If those two ingredients are present in a friendship, the friendship is for real, It can pass the tests of time and long distance between one another and will never disappear From the passage we may know that the author _ .
|
[
"lived next door to Rose in her childhood",
"was Rose's maid of honor when she was married",
"lost touch of Rose since she moved to Alaska",
"missed her friend although they lost contact"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
On January 11, 2007, as students sat and listened, a very important guest speaker named Richard, spoke to the students in the lecture hall. He not only showed the potential within young adults, but encouraged them to work hard at their lessons. Richard was a young child when his mother died and his father walked out. He was forced into many different foster homes where he felt unhappy. He did not know that his life was taking a turn for the worst. His uncle, after getting out of prison, got him into drugs and alcohol. His uncle taught him that his place in life was either to be in prison or die trying to be "a man." His uncle's teaching almost started affecting him until a very important person came into his life: a teacher. This teacher taught him there is a place in the world for everyone and it isn't related to drugs. Richard is now a Harvard University graduate and has a great and loving family. Why? He was taught to have respect not only for others, but for himself. After the meeting, it was hoped that the students realized within them there is a potential, and within everyone around them, is knowledge. As Richard reminded them, "Knowledge is power." Who played an important role in Richard's successful life?
|
[
"His uncle.",
"His teacher.",
"His friends.",
"His parents."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People are being lured onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Facebook because people don't really know what their personal data is worth. The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook--you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things-- your city, your photo, your friends' names--were set, by default to be shared with everyone on the Internet. According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information, they have a "less satisfying experience". Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends? The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites."I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits. I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning, which is why I'm considering deactivating my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't know. That's too high a price to pay. What does the author say about most Facebook users?
|
[
"They are reluctant to give up their personal information.",
"They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.",
"They don't identify themselves when using the website.",
"They care very little about their personal information."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you want to make friends with others? Please remember to _ all the time. In this way, people around you will get along well with you. To make friends and keep them, you have to keep your words. If you agree to meet someone at a certain time, you should arrive at the place on time or a little earlier. If you agree to help others, you must do it. Of course if there is something unexpected happening and you can't do what you have agreed to do, your friends will understand this. He is always lying or making excuses for breaking his words. Would you like to have him as one of your best friends? You wouldn't. And your own friends feel the same way. So, be more careful when you have to agree to do something for your friends. Don't have "Maybe"in your mind when you say something about what you are going to do. ,. If you want to make friends, it is very important to _ .
|
[
"keep your words",
"be funny",
"be kind to them",
"be helpful for them"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With a PS4 million ITV contract in her pocket and an engagement to her England footballer boyfriend, it's been a good year for Christine Bleakley.Perhaps it's no wonder, as the TV presenter is 31, the age at which women are the most attractive, according to a survey. While the average British woman of 31 may be married with a child, the survey noted they are at a wonderful age because they have not only youthful beauty but also more confidence and a better sense of style than flesh-faced teenagers. Some 70 percent of more than 2,000 men and women surveyed considered confidence as a key factor in making a woman attractive, ahead of the 67 percent who included physical beauty and 47 percent who looked for a sense of style.Almost two thirds of the women agreed with the opinion "With age, comes beauty", and over half said that as they age they do away with their insecurities and feel more beautiful, while 55 percent felt they knew the best make-up to wear. Self-confidence varied widely across the country in the survey: London women emerged as the most confident about their looks, with 37 percent describing themselves as beautiful, compared with just 28 percent of Welsh women.Meanwhile, East Midlands women spend the most on beauty programs --PS129.69 monthly--compared with a national average of PS105.50. The research was carried on for TV shopping channel QVC to mark the launch of its "Beauty Month".QVC marketing director Sue Leeson said: "This research shows what many have always suspected -- real beauty is about more than just good looks but a combination of confidence, style and personality, too." In the survey _ think attractive women should possess a sense of style.
|
[
"nearly 1,000 women",
"more than 1,000 women",
"nearly half the participants",
"55 percent of the women"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a nonrenewable resource?
|
[
"oil",
"trees",
"solar energy",
"food crops"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
For many years, I had a belief that my suffering was due to my size. I believed that when the weight disappeared, it would take old wounds, hurts, and rejections with it. Many weight-conscious people also mistakenly believe that changing our bodies will fix _ . Perhaps our worst mistake is believing that being thin equals being loved,being special, and being cherished. We fantasize about what it will be like when we reach the long-awaited goal. We work very hard to realize this dream. Then, at last, we find ourselves there. But we often gain back what we have lost. Even so, we continue to believe that next time it will be different. Next time, we will keep it off. Next time, being thin will finally fulfill its promise of everlasting happiness, self-worth, and, of course, love. It took me a long while to realize that there was something more for me to learn about beauty. Beauty standards vary with culture. In Samoa a woman is not considered attractive unless she weighs more than 200 pounds. More importantly, if it's happiness that we want, why not put our energy there rather than on the size of our body? Why not look inside? Many of us strive hard to change our body, but in vain. We have to find a way to live comfortably inside our body and make friends with and cherish ourselves. When we change our attitudes toward ourselves, the whole world changes. According to the author, what is the common view of those who have lost some weight first and gained it back later?
|
[
"They feel angry about the regained weight.",
"They are indifferent to the regained weight.",
"They feel optimistic about future plans on weight control.",
"They think they should give up their future plans on weight control."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to
|
[
"reduce the cost of the watch.",
"provide an energy source for the watch.",
"make the watch more attractive.",
"stop the watch from speeding up."
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
LONDON(Reuters)--Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food. "Organic produce is always better," Gold said."The food is free of pesticides , and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty." Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into _ , and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences--but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand."The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market," said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business. What is the best title for this news story?
|
[
"The making of organic food in Britain.",
"Organic food--to import or not?",
"Good qualities of organic food.",
"Organic food--healthy, or just for the wealthy?"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you prefer doughnuts to dumbbells , you have a high chance of developing diabetes later in life. But if you wash down those doughnuts with at least seven cups of coffee a day, you are only half as likely as that. The finding is "quite surprising and fairly dramatic", says Bill Hartnett of UK Diabetes, although the patients' group won't be advising people to drink lots of coffee just yet. While there's little evidence that one or two cups a day is harmful, some studies suggest that heavy coffee drinkers are unusually sensitive to pain, easier to fearful disorders and can also have higher blood pressure, which increase the risk of heart disease. The study was done by Rob van Dam's team at the National Institute for Public Health and Environment in the prefix = st1 /Netherlands, which analysed the data on 171,111 men and women. The team found that those who drank seven or more cups of coffee a day were 50 percent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who drank two cups of coffee or fewer a day. This was despite the fact that the heavy coffee drinkers tended to have sedentary lifestyles, which increases the risk of developing diabetes. "It's too early to get excited," warns Edwin Gale, a diabetes specialist in Britainat theUniversityofBristol. "It may just be that coffee drinkers behave differently," he says. Type 2 diabetes used to appear mainly in older people, but as levels of obesity (being fat) have increased in children, so has the disease in common. It's a serious disorder--high blood sugar levels damage many organs, and can lead to anything from blindness to kidney failure. It usually occurs when the body becomes less sensitive to insulin , the hormone that tells cells to take in too much blood glucose. Caffeine isn't an obvious remedy for type 2 diabetes, because its immediate effect is to lower sensitivity to insulin. According to the passage, which statement below is TRUE?
|
[
"Caffeine is a drug to cure diabetes.",
"People who are always sitting have higher risk of developing diabetes.",
"Insulin is an element to cure diabetes.",
"Heavy coffee drinkers have the risk of developing diabetes."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a 375-gram bath towel at a temperature of 4°C",
"a 375-gram bath towel at a temperature of 20°C",
"a 375-gram bath towel at a temperature of 25°C"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The triathlon promises to be one of the most popular Olympic sports. Recently it has drawn huge crowds attracted by athletes swimming 1,500m, cycling 40km, and then running 10km, without stopping. But what makes an attractive 17-year-old give up everything for the doubtful pleasures it offers? Melanie Sears has not yet learnt those often-repeated phrases about personal satisfaction, mental challenge and higher targets that most athletes use when asked similar questions. "You swim for 1,500m, then run out of the water and jump on your bike, still wet. Of course, then you freeze. When the40kmcycle ride is over, you haveto run10km, which is a long way when you're feeling exhausted. But it's great fun, and all worth it in the end," she says. Melanie entered her first triathlon at 14 and she won the junior section. Full of confidence, she entered the National Championships, and although she had the second fastest swim and the fastest run, she came nowhere. "I was following this man and suddenly we came to the sea. We realized then that we had gone wrong. I ended up cycling 20 kilometers too far. I cried all the way through the running." But she didn't give up. "Sometimes I wish I could stop, because then the pain would be over, but I am afraid that if I let myself stop just once, I would be tempted to do it again." Such _ draws admiration from Steve Trew, the sport's director of coaching. Melanie was top junior in this year's European Triathlon Championships, finishing 13th."I was almost as good as the top three in swimming and running, but much slower in cycling. That's why I'm working very hard at it." She is trying to talk her long-suffering parents, who will carry the PS1,300 cost of her trip to New Zealand for this year's world championships, into buying a PS2,000 bike, so she can try25kmand100kmraces later this year. But there is another price to pay. "I don't have a social life," she says. "After two hours' hard swimming on Friday night, I just want to go to sleep. But I phone and write to the other girls in the team." What does she talk about? Boys? Clothes? "No, what sort of times they are achieving." What upset Melanie during the National Championships?
|
[
"She was tricked by another competitor.",
"She realized she couldn't cycle as fast as she thought.",
"She felt she had let her team-mates down.",
"She made a mistake during part of the race."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lettuce has been eaten for over 4,500 years, and was known to the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Now, people in some countries start the meal with lettuce as part of a salad. There are hundreds of kinds of lettuce. The main ones include head lettuce, such as iceberg, leaf lettuce,Boston, bibb and romaine. Experts say lettuce is one of the easiest crops to grow in your garden. The best time to plant the seeds is during cool weather. The University of Illinois Extension advises that the best planting temperature is 150C. Lettuce seeds are small, so do not place them too deep in the ground. If you plant some seeds every week or two, you will have crops ready to eat one after another. To start the seeds inside, you can use a seed tray in your home or other shelter. This container should be deep enough to hold at least three centimeters of soil or more. There should be about one centimeter of space between the soil and the top of the container. The container should have holes in the bottom so the extra water can flow out. Drop the seeds over the surface and cover them lightly with soil. If the soil is not already a little wet, give it some water. But do not drown the seeds. Next, cover the seed tray with paper. When the seedlings have come up far enough to touch the paper, take it off. You can transplant the seedlings into the garden when they are about two to three centimeters tall. Do this when the weather is not too hot and not too cold. Take out as much soil as you can with the seedlings, Then dig a hole in the ground bigger thanthe lettuce roots. Water the plants but not too heavily. Harvest leaf lettuces when the leaves are big enough to eat. Pull the leaves from the outside of the planting so the inside leaves will keep growing. Or, you can cut off the whole plant. Leave about two or three centimeters above the ground so the plant will re-grow. Cut off head lettuces at ground level. Lettuce is best when served fresh, so make a salad and enjoy. Experts say lettuce is one of the easiest crops to grow in your garden. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"Lettuce is the easiest crop to grow in your garden.",
"The lettuce is not hard to plant and store.",
"We can plant lettuce in a two-centimeter-high tray.",
"We should water lettuce at least twice a day."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
December 2 Sharon called about four times today. At least it shows she's trying to explain something to me. I feel a little better. December 3 This morning Sharon said she had only told one person and didn't know why everyone seemed to know. Yes, I am an adopted daughter. But she had promised to keep it a secret for ever! December 5 I wish I had a friend I could really trust all of the time. I thought I found that friend, but I haven't and it's making me miserable ! It's wrong to tell her all about it. She gains my trust, and then loses it. December 7 I have a nice room, beautiful house and everything I've ever wanted. My adoptive parents will give me all the things I've ever dreamed of. Yet all the money in the world can't buy what I want now. I want for Sharon to be my best friend again. December 10 Sharon just called. She said she thought it might help if we spent more time together. She worried that I would switch schools . She is the best friend I've ever had. When I'm with Sharon, I can be myself. I need Sharon's friendship. I need it more than I've ever known. December 16 I just had the most _ two days of my life! This was the best time I've had for a long, long while. Yesterday, we walked five times around the park and today we walked along the river for twenty minutes. We talked so much. Sharon, Sharon, no brick wall between us now. What is the author mainly worried about?
|
[
"How she was adopted.",
"Why she switched schools.",
"Her family life.",
"Her friendship with Sharon."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When Harvard was founded in 1636, there were no other colleges in the American colonies, and it would become the model for many of those that followed. When it began requiring applicants to take a test known as the SAT in 1935, Harvard started another trend. Two years ago, after it announced an aggressive new financial-aid policy, it helped push social class to the center of the national debate over higher education and forced two of its main competitors, Stanford and Yale, to follow its lead. Last week. Harvard began to make another effort to affect higher education in its image, its president, Derek Bok, announced that the college would abandon its early admissions program, which for decades has allowed high school seniors to apply in October and get an answer yes, no or maybe - in December, shortly before the regular deadline for applications. Harvard officials argue that the program is beneficial to rich students who don't need to compare financial-aid offers from various colleges. After the announcement, many people within education urged other colleges to take a similar step. "We're thrilled," said Laurie Kobick, a college counselor at Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Alexandria, Va. "I think it's going to make admissions better in so many different ways. It will indeed go a small way toward leveling the field among applicants. Of course, it will also have an effect on colleges, and the biggest winner will almost certainly be Harvard. a fact that may prevent many other colleges - perhaps all of them - from following Hazard this time. Because any college that does so will risk losing some of its best applicants." Why does Laurie Kobick think other colleges may not follow Harvard?
|
[
"Because they think the action will harm high education.",
"Because they are afraid that the action is not practical.",
"Because they may attract fewer top students than he[ore,",
"Because they are afraid the action will damage their reputation."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today many people say that women have the same chance as men in society. But this was not always so. In the past, women all over the world had to fight to get the same chance as men in education and jobs. Many people said that women should not receive much education because they would not do as well as men when they went to work. One woman who showed that women should have the same chance was Marie, a scientist. In the 1800s scientists knew that a metal, uranium, gave off radiation. They also knew how much radiation came from his element. But they didn't know what this radiation was like; they wondered why and how uranium gave off radiation. Marie Curie set out to answer these questions. In one of her experiments she was studying a certain material which, she knew, contained uranium, But it gave off 4 times as much radiation as usually does. What could explain this fact? Marie Curie thought that there must be another source of radiation in this material. In 1898 Marie Curie set out to find out this new source of radiation, which she named "radium". Her husband, who was also a scientist, helped her. They set up a laboratory in an old building behind a school. For four years Curies searched, doing many experiments, And one morning in 1902 Marie found the source of the radiation. Marie Curie proved to the world that there was element that gave off radiation. And she also proved to the world that, if women are given truly equal chance, they can really help society. The scientists of Marie Curie's day knew .
|
[
"that uranium gave off radiation",
"that radium gave off radiation",
"that there was some radium in uranium",
"that uranium and radium both gave off radiation"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise, and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon. Professor Taijiu Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern prefix = st1 /Japanappeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a ly early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. With a team of partners at Tokyo National University,he set about studying the brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and various jobs. Computer technology enabled the researchers to get exact measurement of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect and feelings,and determine the human character. The back section of the brain,which controls functions like eating or breathing,does not connect with age. One can continue living without intellectual or feeling abilities. Contraction of front and side parts - as cells die off - was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not obvious in some sixty and seventy year olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple cure for the contraction normally connected with age using the brain. The findings show in general conditions that contraction of the brain begins soon among people in the country than in the town. Those are at least at risk,says Matsuzawa,who are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing regular work in government offices are, however,as likely to have shrink as the farm workers,bus drivers and shop assistants. Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must flow through a circle properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. "The best way to keep good blood movement is through using the brain,"he says. " Think hard and engage in conversation. Don't depend on pocket calculators. " On what are their research findings based?
|
[
"A study of farmers in northern Japan.",
"Tests performed on a thousand old people.",
"The study of brain volumes of different people.",
"The latest development of computer technology."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Donald inherited this trait?
|
[
"Donald's biological father has curly hair.",
"Donald's coworker also has curly hair.",
"Donald and his biological parents have brown hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Jeremy Kerr, a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada, and his colleagues analyzed more than 400,000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010. When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations, they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees' ranges are staying in place. What it results in is obvious. Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years, with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe. Previously, attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss, pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites . But the work by Kerr's team found something different. "For every species, there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all," says Kerr. This shift has also been observed in other species, such as butterflies. But due to a new cause -- the rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use, a change in land use or parasites, bumblebees -- unlike butterflies -- have failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them, so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly, the latest study led by Kerr's team finds. "Our data suggest that the new factor plays a leading, or perhaps the leading, role in this trend," says Kerr. "This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it. It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the not-too-distant future," says Dave Goulson, a bee researcher at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear. Kerr's team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available. What does the move of the bees' southern limits lead to?
|
[
"The birth of new bee species.",
"The rise of the bees' population.",
"The evolution of the bees.",
"The reduction of the bees' habitat."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Marie Curie, born in Sklodovka, Poland in 1876, led a hard life as a girl. Her parents, both teachers, had small salaries and were quite poor, especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health. Marie's mother suffered from tuberculosis and died of it when Marie was ten. When Marie was small, she showed great interest in science. She loved to study and hoped to become a scientist when she grew up. Her parents encouraged her interest in science. Excellent as she was in her studies, she couldn't go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college. In order to continue her education, she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University. she lived a simple life and studied hard, so she graduated with the highest grades in her class. After graduation, she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University. There she met Pierre Curie, whom she married later. Pierre joined her in her research into an unknown phenomenon radiation, which a certain scientist had declared the uranium gave off. The Curies spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation. Finally they succeeded in 1902. Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes, one for physics in 1906, together with her husband and another scientist who had also contributed to the research, the other for chemistry herself in 1911.Marie Curie was a scientist of great achievement, and the first woman ever to be honoured in the Nobel Prize history. The fact that proves Marie was the best student in her class is that _ .
|
[
"she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University",
"her grades were the highest in her class",
"she did research work after her graduation",
"she won the Nobel Prize finally"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks. All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are somethings you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it _ into a panic attack. Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened feelings of anxiety. There are two main symptoms during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus. In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it's more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So it's not the "bad guy", you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred vision, difficulty in breathing due to a tight chest. The best way to different anxiety from any serious illness is to ask a medical expert for advice on a regular basis. What is the best title for this passage?
|
[
"Symptoms of Anxiety Attacks",
"Ways of Getting Rid of Anxiety",
"Harm Caused by Anxiety",
"Getting to know Anxiety"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientist Says 'No' to Human Cloning "I've never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. "It's a stupid endeavor." That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and a cat. They just might succeed in cloning Missy soon -- or perhaps not for another five years. Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted(,) fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous," he says. Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. "A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right," says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research. Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The prototype(;)is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament(, ). In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are "both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy." Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals. However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ "Why would you ever want to clone humans," Westhusin asks, "when we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?" By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to _ .
|
[
"study the possibility of cloning humans",
"search for ways to modify its temperament",
"find out the differences between Missy and its clones",
"examine the reproductive system of the dog species"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old. The findings came from a survey of more than three hundred forty thousand adults in the United States. The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone in two thousand eight. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five. The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress. Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties. The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences. Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry. The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age. The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men. What do you think the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is?
|
[
"A Gallup organization.",
"A university in New York.",
"A popular science magazine.",
"A research institution"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Aluminum containers can be melted and made into new products. How will recycling aluminum most likely benefit communities?
|
[
"People will use less energy.",
"People will drink more soda.",
"People will add less to landfills.",
"People will buy more things in cans."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Tang Zhou and his wife are planning to have their second child, a test-tube baby. His wife had a natural delivery when she was 34 and their first child, a boy, is now 7. The couple are now hoping to have a daughter through _ in the US. "My wife couldn't bear another delivery because of her heart condition and her age. Surrogacy helps avoid the risks to older mothers," Tang said, "Moreover, our second child will be born in the US and become a citizen there. That is not a bad choice." The couple spent weeks researching their move, looking for a reliable agency that provides surrogacy services overseas. Surrogacy is still illegal in many countries, including China. "We will be taking much higher risks by relying on a surrogate mother in China because we are not protected by any regulation or law. You pay a lot of money but may meet with many problems," Tang said. "You might not even get your baby back." Tang and his wife are part of an increasing number of Chinese couples who are turning to surrogacy services. Tang also considered surrogacy in Thailand but dropped the idea after recent reports about a baby with Down Syndrome who was delivered through surrogacy and said to have been deserted in Thailand by the biological parents from Australia. Instead, Tang chose the California Surrogacy Center agency as his first option after reading the detailed introduction on its website. Compared with many other agencies that he could contact only via e-mail, the center has a consulting office in Beijing, Tang said. The center is in San Diego, California, and has satellite offices in Los Angeles and Beijing. According to Liu, the center has been operating for more than eight years, and about 100 surrogate mothers live in California. Tang and his wife turned to overseas surrogacy services because _ .
|
[
"surrogacy remains illegal in China",
"they call for less money",
"it is more convenient to contact them",
"most of them are experienced"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What determines how long the Moon takes to complete one cycle of phases?
|
[
"the period of rotation of the Moon around its axis",
"the period of revolution of the Moon around Earth",
"the period of rotation of Earth around its axis",
"the period of revolution of Earth around the Sun"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The best example of balanced forces is a
|
[
"car increasing speed.",
"bus parked in a garage.",
"ball kicked along a flat surface.",
"roller coaster slowing down on an incline."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Vanessa Brown, a senior lecturer of art at Nottingham University, explores the cultural and psychological relation between sunglasses and our modern idea of "cool." Her research has uncovered about why most of us look better in shades. Because they really make your misshapen face look better. Put on a pair of sunglasses, and an instant beauty as a result of balance! The dark lenses cover up any unbalanced oddities around your eyes, and research on facial attractiveness shows a clear link between balance and our sense of beauty. Because of mystery. Many of the quick judgments we form about people come from looking in the eyes; shade yours, and you're instantly a more attractive presence. Eye contact helps us form judgments about someone's intelligence, confidence, and sincerity and sunglasses keep us literally in the dark about forming those perceptions. And it works both ways, because the wearer of the sunglasses feels more mysterious, too. Because of their historical link with sharpness and attraction. We take their existence for granted today, but sunglasses are relatively modern, Brown said. Sales started to pick up in the 1920s, but they didn't become commonplace until about two decades after that. The way sunglasses were most used prior to their commercialization helps explain their inside coolness, Brown said, because in their early days sunglasses were primarily used during risky water and snow sports, which made them seem "daring and totally modern." Soon after that, Hollywood stars of the 1950s and 1960s started wearing sunglasses to defend themselves from being recognized by the public or bothered by paparazzi , whose flashbulbs would often explode violently, Brown said. Anyhow, movie stars' adoption of them strengthened a sense of romance. Also--and this is more from my own personal research than Brown's--hang-overs. They're really great for hiding hang-overs. Which of the following would Vanessa Brown agree with?
|
[
"Sunglasses deliver mystery to the observers as well as the wearers.",
"Sunglasses were mainly used in risky sports after their commercialization.",
"Sunglasses are relatively modern and they became commonplace in the 1920s.",
"Sunglasses cover up unbalanced oddities on the face to give people a sense of mystery."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To explain why he liked his art teacher the best, 16-year-old Dainzin Tanam could not write more words than a simple sentence "Because he teaches me painting." In the eyes of his teachers at the Lhasa Special Education School, the deaf boy was a little painter. Five years ago, however, all Tanam could do was to stay in bed until noon, and then stare at the sky through the window, waiting for his parents' return. His mother Yangzom said she had no other choice but to lock him in the house every day as she and her husband had to work and they did not want to allow the boy to roam the streets. "Every day when I came back home and saw my lonely poor son, I felt my heart hurt. But now I can finally feel a bit relieved," the mother said. She said it was the school that changed his son. "Without the school, I dared not imagine how my son would be now." With a governmental fund of 4.5 million yuan, the special education school was founded in 2000. The only government-run school for handicapped children in Tibet, it now has 28 teachers and 120 school children in nine classes of 5 grades. Eight classes in the school are for deaf kids and the other one is for blind kids. Students can enjoy free food, boarding, clothing and medical services in the school, which is open to deaf and blind children from all over the autonomous region. Tibetan sign language and Tibetan Braille are basic courses here. Children also have Tibetan, Chinese, mathematics, science, painting, dancing and sports lessons. A "black and white" textbook seemed appealing among the color1ful books in Tanam's schoolbag. The text was handwritten. It was the Tibetan language textbook compiled and written by teachers themselves. "As textbooks for students in ordinary schools sometimes are too abstract and hard for our kids to understand, two other Tibetan language teachers and I compiled the textbook to make things easier for them," said teacher Dawa. Those books with the love of all the teachers, though not spoke out, will surely help children enjoy their life by supporting themselves after leaving the school. How old was the Dainzin Tanam when he began to go to the Lhasa Special Education School?
|
[
"16 years old",
"11 years old",
"21 years old",
"5 years old"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Fig trees have many leaves.",
"Ladybugs walk and fly."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a banana at a temperature of 73°F",
"a banana at a temperature of 53°F",
"a banana at a temperature of 92°F"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If the only sports you do are dancing your fingers across your keyboard, you could be in serious danger of more than just becoming overweight and out of shape. Do you often feel sleepy, like something is weighing down on your head? Do you feel forgetful? Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable up and down your neck and lower back, and you can't explain why? Do you get sick often? It could be radiation from your computer causing it. If you spend three hours or more a day in front of a computer (and at this point, who doesn't?), you are more easily harmed by the _ . We have got so used to using computers that we often neglect to think of them as dangerous sources of harmful radiation. A safe amount of radiation is 25 V/m (Volts/meter). Do you want to guess how much our personal computers give off? Keyboard: 1000 V/m Mouse: 450 V/m Monitor: 218V/m CPU: 170V/m Notebook computers: 2,500 V/m Ways of Protect Yourself from Harmful Computer Radiation 1. Decorate your desk with cactus plants, they take in radiation. 2. Drink two to three cups of green tea a day and eat an orange daily. The vitamins in tea leaves and oranges protect us from radiation and keep our eyes healthy as well. 3. Use a screen filter for your monitor. 4. Avoid having metal objects nearby on your desk. 5. Put the back of the computer to the wall. Most of the radiation comes off the back. 6. Keep your monitor at least 50cm away from your face. 7. Keep your computer rooms ventilated . 8. Eat healthily-----especially fruits and vegetables. 9. Don't fall asleep on your computer. Turn it off if you have to rest nearby. The ways above are useful, why not have a try at once? Sitting to close to your computer for too long can cause _ .
|
[
"your fingers to turn blue",
"radiation sickness",
"your parents to think you're smart",
"your games scores to go down"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Woodland High School is an international sch ool. We have students from all around the world. As an international student you can get first-class facilities with trained teachers to help. For further information: [email protected] Subjects We offer a wide choice of subjects for international students, which includes: Arts, IT, French, English, Spanish and other languages. Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. For further information: [email protected] Tuition Fees Tuition fees are different from subject to subject, from PS5,000 to PS6,000 a year. For further information: [email protected] Accommodation You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about PS100 a month with other regular living costs of about PS150 a month for one person. For further information: [email protected] Health The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your me dical needs. For further information: [email protected] Sports The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, b asketball and indoor football counts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Woodland High School. For further information: [email protected] You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at Woodland High School.
|
[
"PS5,250",
"PS8,000",
"PS9,000",
"PS11,000"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Since ancient times, people have known about its ability to reduce pain and high body temperature. More than 2000 years ago, the Greek doctor Hippocrates advised his patients to chew on the bark and leaves of the willow. The tree contains a chemical called salicin . From salicin, researchers in the 1800s discovered how to make salicylic acid . And in 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later it became the active substance in a new medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The "a" came from acetyl. The "spir" came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the "in" Well, that is a common way to end medicine names. In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin blocks the body from making natural substances called prostaglandins .Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling( ; ), of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels work well. But there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. Scientists learned how aspirin interferes with an enzyme . One form of this enzyme makes the prostaglandin that causes pain and swelling. Another form of the enzyme creates a protective effect. So aspirin can reduce pain and swelling in damaged tissues. But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine . What can we know about Prostaglandin according to the passage?
|
[
"It results from pain.",
"It prevents the lining of the stomach and small intestine.",
"It causes blood vessels to work wrongly.",
"It is sometimes good but sometimes bad."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way. Film cameras After all, a film camera is basically a light - proof box. It has a lens system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera. Let's suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now let's say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter opens for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed image on the film. When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog! Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them. Digital cameras In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts light and color into a digital information or pixels . The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is. The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that _ .
|
[
"they use digital cameras",
"the lens of their cameras is excellent",
"their focus lenses are short",
"their focus lenses are long"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which block of copper has a lower temperature?
|
[
"the block of copper with less thermal energy",
"the block of copper with more thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When the first American astronauts were planning to walk on the Moon, they knew that the gravity on the Moon was less than the gravity on Earth. With this information, what did the astronauts expect to be most different on the Moon?
|
[
"their mass",
"their height",
"their weight",
"their volume"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Agricultural experts met in Ethiopia last week to discuss ways to help sub-Saharan Africa become a major producer of wheat. The area traditionally produced little wheat, while North Africa was the grain basket. Wheat production fell sharply in sub-Saharan countries during the 1980s. In the 1960s, attempts were made to grow wheat in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa and Zimbabwe. But those countries found it was less costly to import wheat from Europe and the United States. Another problem is that Africa's wheat farms were often far from population centers. There also were transportation issues. And some lowlands were not a good place to grow wheat. Hans Joachim Braun,one of the experts, says now is a good time to increase wheat production. In the last four years we have seen three major price hikes, where the wheat price and other staple process exploded. And that puts a big, big bill on countries which are depending on wheat imports, and Africa is the biggest wheat importer. He also says demand for wheat in sub-Saharan Africa is growing faster than for any other crop. With higher income people would like to have more diversified food. But that is possible not the most important one. The most important one is that there is a tremendous migration of in particular male labor to the cities. And wheat products are convenient food because you can easily buy it. It's easy to process and you also can store it for a few days, which is different from some of the maize and rice products. There are three possible challenges for growing more wheat in Africa: climate change, disease and pests, like insects. Mr. Braun says rising temperatures should not have a major effect on wheat. In fact, he says, it could help wheat grow in areas with high rainfall totals. As for fighting disease and pests, experts suggest growing more resistant crops. In addition, railroads and roads would have to be improved so large amounts of wheat could be moved to large markets. According to Mr. Braun the main challenges for growing more wheat in Africa are _ .
|
[
"climate change and disease",
"resistant crops and climate change",
"rising temperatures and disease and pests",
"disease and pests and inconvenient transportation"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Car companies are developing vehicles that will plug into electric sockets,just like many laptops,digital cameras,cell phones and Mp4 do.Called"plug-in vehicles",these cars will get most of their power from electricity. Their drivers won't have to stop at gas stations as often as usual. The technology is more than just cool. In our car-filled world,plug-in vehicles could reduce the amount of gas we use,which keeps rising in cost now and then. Besides,driving around in these vehicles may even help the environment.Gas-burning cars produce a lot of greenhouse gas,which causes globe warming. The first company-produced plug-in vehicles could hit the roads by 2010. But engineers still have a lot of work to do to make the technology practical and inexpensive. Batteries are the biggest challenge. In the plug-in-vehicle world,Li-ion batteries are getting the most attention.These batteries can store a large amount of energy in a small package,and they last a longer time between charges.Li-ion batteries can fit laptops,cell phones,heart instruments and other similar pocket ones. But because cars are so big and heavy, it would still require a suitcase-sized Li-ion batteries to power about 12km of driving.What's more,the batteries are much expensive. "A car filled with batteries could go a long distance,"says Ted Bohn, an electrical engineer in Chicago."But it couldn't pull any people.and it would cost $100,000." So researchers need to work out how to make batteries smaller and cheaper,among other questions. "The answers don't exist yet,"Bohn says,"As a kid,I thought someone someplace knows the answer to everything.All of these questions haven't been decided.That's what engineering is about-making a guess,running tests and getting fine results." The passage mainly talks about_of a new car
|
[
"the developing",
"the speed",
"the appearance",
"the batteries"
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There was a boy in India who was sent by his parents to a boarding school. Before being sent away this boy was the brightest student in his class. He was at the top in every competition. He was a champion. But the boy changed after leaving home and attending the boarding school. His grades started dropping. He hated being in a group. He was lonely all the time. And there were especially dark times when he felt like killing himself. All of this was because he felt worthless and that no one loved him. His parents started worrying about the boy. But even they did not know what was wrong with him. So his dad decided to travel to the boarding school and talk with him. They sat on the bank of the lake near the school. The father started asking him casual questions about his classes, teachers and sports. After some time his dad said, "Do you know son, why I am here today?" The boy answered back, "to check my grades?" "No, no" his dad replied, "I am here to tell you that you are the most important person for me. I want to see you happy. I don't care about grades. I care about you. I care about your happiness. YOU ARE MY LIFE." These words caused the boy's eyes to fill with tears. He hugged his dad. They didn't say anything to each other for a long time. Now the boy had everything he wanted. He knew there was someone on this earth who cared for him deeply. He meant the world to someone. And today this young man is in college at the top of his class and no one has ever seen him sad! Thanks a lot dad. YOU ARE MY LIFE. Why were the boy's eyes filled with tears when he heard what his father said?
|
[
"Because his father didn't care about his grades any more.",
"Because he hadn't had a talk with his father for a long time.",
"Because he was deeply moved by his father's words.",
"Because he had a chance to say his worries."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world. Maybe that doesn't sound very interesting. But when you're joined to the Internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send E-mails to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (www). There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people's desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself. There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the Internet. You can use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at any time. Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want on the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow? Which is the quickest and cheapest way to send messages to your friends?
|
[
"By post.",
"By E-mail.",
"By telephone.",
"By satellite."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Giant redwood trees change energy from one form to another. How is energy changed by the trees?
|
[
"They change chemical energy into kinetic energy.",
"They change solar energy into chemical energy.",
"They change wind energy into heat energy.",
"They change mechanical energy into solar energy."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are many things we can do in our daily life to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas sent out. Probably the most important is to share what you have learned with your family and friends. Use the family car less. Walk or cycle whenever possible. Take a bus. Try ride sharing. Use less energy in the house by turning down the heat when you are away or sleeping and turning off lights and electrical equipment you aren't using. If your family needs a car, make sure to buy a fuel-efficient one. An average car sends out nearly 60 tons of carbon dioxide during its lifetime, compared to between 22 and 30 tons from a fuel-efficient car. Encourage your family to use the car more efficiently : for example, check the air in the tires. Underinflated tires can increase fuel use by 8%. Turn the car off instead of letting it run when it is stopped. Idling uses more gas and sets free carbon dioxide into the air, Reuse, recycle and compost (... ) your waste. It takes much less energy to reuse or recycle a product than to make a new one. Correctly composting your food and yard waste removes the methane that they would cause at the landfill site. Buying less is al- ways the best. Plant trees. Trees take in carbon dioxide, reduce pollution, provide shade, and look great. A fuel-efficient car gives of _ tons of carbon dioxide during its lifetime less than an average car.
|
[
"22-30",
"30-38",
"60",
"8-30"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where will a sidewalk feel hottest on a warm, clear day?
|
[
"Under a picnic table",
"In direct sunlight",
"Under a puddle",
"In the shade"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
I didn't realize how short I was until I started school. There, a few kids picked on me, calling me names. Then I knew. After that, I began to hate the first day of school each year. I didn't know who was new and would stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs. Some of the kids would point and say, "Look at that kid. Look at her." As time went on, I just tried to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I was determined to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. My friends became increasingly protective. They'd help me up the bus steps. If people were cruel, they would take them aside and correct them. What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality----my ability to laugh, even at myself. For example, one time I was reaching into the washing machine at my parents' house to grab the wet clothes. I fell all the way in and yell for Mother, who was sitting nearby reading the paper. Watching feet flying everywhere, she laughed quietly and said, "I should leave you in there." I laughed with her. I'm 47 now, and _ as I've grown older. People ask my friends if I live in a dollhouse. They look in disbelief when they see me get out of my car on the driver's side. During those times, I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, "Look what else I have----a great family, nice friends..." How is the author feeling now about her situation?
|
[
"Quite optimistic.",
"Very satisfied.",
"Deeply upset.",
"Rather anxious."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person takes a bucket full of water and adds it to a full pool. After adding fifty buckets of water to the pool, it
|
[
"drains",
"dries",
"bloats",
"sinks"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. "Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles," Tavella says."Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices." The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof.Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands."The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair." He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time. The team will test with real patients to _
|
[
"make profits from them",
"prove the technology useful to them",
"make them live longer",
"learn about their physical condition"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I find some of the ways in which Chinese parents show love for their children rather surprising. Obviously there are some pretty big differences between our behaviors and theirs in this respect. Most Chinese children seem to get whatever they want, from ice creams, sweets and toys to endless attention from the adults around them. Is this a sort of spoiling or love? I wonder. Most westerners would think it is a sort of spoiling rather than love. We think love means educating your children and bringing them up to lead an independent life. That includes learning to accept the fact that he can't get everything he wants. As an adult, he will not always get the quite expensive car he hunts for; she will not always manage to acquire the beautiful dress she longs for. So we try to teach our children early to cope with the disappointment of not getting what they want. I find too much such kind of love for the children can actually spoil them. To my surprise, it seems that the life of a Chinese child is rather hard. Without doubt, the child is the very center of a whole circle of adults, but on the other hand he or she is also expected to start studying according to adults' wishes. Many children of my son's age take piano lessons, painting classes and even English lessons. It looks as if Chinese adults think that just playing without learning anything is a waste of time. So in this respect our children appear spoiled, just because they are allowed to play. But without this sort of play how can western children develop such free and rich imaginations? In fact the connection between this imagination and the creativity is so important in the children's future life. The best title of the passage could be _ .
|
[
"Chinese children's early education",
"How to develop kids' imagination",
"What is the real love for children",
"The imagination and creativity"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most American children eat potatoes every day, but they don't know which part of potato is most nourishing .Take a sharp knife and cut a very thin slice from it and hold it to the light, and you will see that the potato has skin, an outside rim and the inner part. The outside rim which is right under the skin is most nutritious.But this part is often thrown away with the skin. Even the skin itself is better for food than the inside. When eating a cooked potato, if you choose the inside and leave the outside, you are wasting the best part of it. If you can't eat the whole potato, it is better to eat the outside rim and leave the inner part. What does this reading tell about potatoes? It tells us _ .
|
[
"how to cook them",
"how to cut potatoes",
"what is a potato made up of",
"how to eat them"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Dustin acquired this trait?
|
[
"Dustin learned history by reading.",
"Dustin is most interested in American history."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When performing an experiment for a science fair, what should be done if the data do not support the hypothesis?
|
[
"Check for errors and run the experiment again.",
"Change the hypothesis to match the conclusion.",
"Change the variable so the data will match the hypothesis.",
"Ignore the data and prepare the science fair display anyway."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The past fifty years or so have seen the gradual disappearing of animals from this earth, fishes from the sea, trees and plants from the land. Many factors result in this on pleasant phenomenon . Among them, hunting is the main factor that endangers wild life. Some people kill wild life for sport. They take pleasure in collecting heads and hides. Yet others specialize in commercial hunting like killing whales. Apart from this, the rapidly growing human population threatens wild life on land, too. Towns expand and roads have to be built, so forests are burnt and trees are cut down. It seems that man needs every inch of land within his reach, so he moves on to the natural habitat of wild life. Tigers lions and leopards slowly die off without the food arm shelter that the forests provide. In addition, rapid urbanization means industrial expansion. Very often, poisonous chemicals, industrial wastes and oil are dumped into the rivers and seas. Fish and birds are threatened. Man depends greatly on animals for survival. He needs their flesh, hides and furs. Thus, man cannot, to without wild life; or he himself would die out. The public should be made aware that it would be better to shoot the animals with a camera than with a gun. In this way, they can preserve and help wild life to continue living rather than to remove all signs of it. Man must learn to farm the sea as he does the land. He should control the amount and the frequency of his catch. Man also needs to build reserves, and to pass laws to stop the killing of animals, especially those that are already rare. To keep the present animal kingdom, the least that man can do is to clean the seas and to prevent pollution. It is implied that man_.
|
[
"should not hunt wildlife",
"will disappear if wild life dies out",
"needs land more than wild life does",
"has little knowledge of sea fanning"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In England, afternoon tea is the most informal meal of a day. It is taken between four and five. If you are a friend of the family, you may come for tea at any time. Very often it is not taken at a table. The members of the family and visitors take the tea in the sitting room. Each person has a cup and saucer , a spoon and a small plate for bread and butter and cakes. By the way, do not help yourself to cakes first, bread and butter first, and then cake. Do remember: Though you can eat as much as you want, do not put more than one piece of bread or cake on your plate each time. If you want to have afternoon tea in a friend's home,_.
|
[
"you must send a message before you go",
"you must take food with you",
"you must go only when he asks you to",
"you may put only one piece of bread or cake on your plate each time"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Watching the Olympics probably made some people feel a little guilty about not exercising.The truth is that, if physical inactivity were a sport, a lot of us could give a gold-medal performance.Or should we say non performance? Public health experts say physical inactivity is the world's fourth leading cause of death. They estimate that inactivity plays a major part in six to ten percent of deaths from non-communicable diseases. These include conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and colon and breast cancer. Min Lee at the Harvard School of Public Health worked with a team that studied inactivity. She says the findings are conservative and may even underestimate the problem and that Physical inactivity is harmful to health, as harmful as far as deaths are concerned as smoking." So when we did our analysis, we looked at increased risk of disease after taking into account other health habits that might be associated with physical activity. For example, we know that if you are active, you probably smoke less. Additionally we factored out obesity, independent of the fact that active people also tend to weigh less. The researchers compared data on physical inactivity with disease rates in one hundred twenty-two countries. They find high income countries are the most inactive around the world, but low to middle income countries are not going to be far behind as things change, as their economies improve and their people rely more on the improvements that basically engineer physical activity out of our daily lives. It is not just telling someone to go out and be physically active, but how we rely on the transportation sector or how our cities or neighborhoods are designed, how crime can be minimized to help people become more physically active in their neighborhoods, simply walking to the store or walking down and being outside with friends and family and so on. These broader environmental issues are becoming much clearer in terms of their effects. When watching the Olympics, some people may feel sorry because of _ .
|
[
"their not joining in the competition",
"their losing the Olympres medal",
"their not doing physical exercisgs",
"their not practicing as athletes"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a trumpet?
|
[
"2 grams",
"2 kilograms"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A student freezes some orange juice. Which of the following statements best describes how the orange juice is different after it is frozen?
|
[
"It is a liquid.",
"It weighs more.",
"It stays in one shape.",
"It takes up less space."
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello, I'm Kate. This is a photo of my aunt's family. The woman in the photo is my aunt, Jane. She is a teacher and she is very kind . These are my cousins Jim and Jack. They are seven and they are twins . Look! That lovely baby is my aunt's little daughter, Rose. She is only one. I love them very much. Rose is my aunt's _ .
|
[
"son",
"sister",
"mother",
"daughter"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
World Future Society People People may live for up to 120 years and use new technology to help when people go blind, deaf and have other problems. The number of people over a hundred years old could go from 135,000 today to 2.2 million people by 2050. By 2015 people think that 100 million workers will be able to work from home for a company in a different country by using the Internet. Money Worldwide e-business will become even more successful with online shops that sell special products for each person, which will be brought to their house the next day. Environment The technology for making energy from wind and the Sun is growing very quickly. In the future wind and Sun energy could become much cheaper and many more countries could use it. This would be very useful in poor countries. The air in big cities would also become much cleaner and healthier as a result. Society and culture The Internet will help to create more worldwide friendships. Families may spend more time together as people will be able to do 24-hour online banking and shopping. Technology The new science of "nanotechnology" (very small robots or machines) will make all sorts of products smaller and lighter. Very, very small machines could take away rubbish, make things in factories, and help inside the human body by taking away fat. By 2012 people will be able to wear these small machines that look like watches, which will give them lots of information about their body and keep them healthy. How will technology help people?
|
[
"Help all people live for over 120 years.",
"Help disabled people to get jobs.",
"Make people healthier and live longer.",
"Help workers to use the Internet."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Now we're always hearing about road accident, and when we're in a car we try to drive carefully, but how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of the accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road. One of the commonest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of electrical equipment. People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the power. In spite of warnings, one will carry an electric heater into the bathroom when he is going to have a bath. Sometimes one forgets to cut off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All this will cause accidents. So the rule about anything that work by electricity is:Switch off before you touch anything and don't pretend you know when you actually don't. If you've got children in the house, it's always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach. Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind of drink. When there are older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy. Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And don't forget to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, may cause fire. So you'd better give it up. Safety first may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble. It can be inferred in the text that our life at home will be much safer if _ .
|
[
"we know more about the accidents that happen in the home",
"all of us give up smoking as soon as possible",
"we take more time and care in our life",
"we keep the stoves at the corner of the rooms"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement best describes the nature of sound?
|
[
"Sound travels fastest in air.",
"Sound travels faster than light.",
"Sound travels as longitudinal waves.",
"Sound travels as transverse waves."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Small mammals have many adaptations that keep them warm in winter. Which would not help conserve heat?
|
[
"running",
"hibernating",
"huddling in a group",
"growing thicker fur"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What would you do if your pet cat died just before Christmas? Many cat lovers would go out and buy another cat. But one American woman was unable to bear life without her much loved pet cat Nicky. He had been with her for 17 years; and when she knew he was going to die, she had him cloned. Little Nicky was cloned by an American company, called GSC. But the new cat cost his owner $50,000. "He is the same. His characteristics are the same," the woman told news reporters. The company, Sausalito-based Genetic Savings and Clone, made her available to speak to reporters only on condition that her name or hometown was not used. The woman said she feared being the target of groups against cloning. "Nicky loved water, which is an unusual characteristic of cats. Little Nicky jumped into my bath. Most cats are afraid of water, but Little Nicky is different: he loves it, just like my old cat," said the woman, who said she was in her early 40s and worked in the airline industry. The company delivered Little Nicky two weeks ago and was expected to publicly announce the news on Thursday. However, the cat's creation has raised heated debate. Many people have said they felt disgusted at the amount of money spent on cloning a cat. They said that she should have chosen one of the many cats without a home -- cats like this are a common problem in many countries. The woman has only told news reporters her first name, Julia, but she has already received nearly 100 frightening letters from angry people, who say that cloning is against nature. Little Nicky was not only expensive, but also, like all cloned animals, may have more health problems than an animal which was born in the usual way. GSC said it had to try 80 times before it succeeded in producing a cloned cat. The company is now using new techniques and soon they hope to produce cloned dogs as well as cats. GSC said that if people were not happy with the cloned cats or dogs, they could have their money back. At the moment the cost of cloning is very high, but the manager of CSC said he hoped that eventually it would go down, and that in five years, the cost should be $20,000 for a dog or $10,000 for a cat. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Many people would have their cats cloned if their cats died.",
"Cloned animals are healthier than those born in the natural way.",
"News reporters told some angry people Julia's name and address.",
"People could get the money back if they aren't satisfied with the cloned pets."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Zachary investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?",
"Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?",
"Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
"I love the music-player function of 3G cellphones, " Xiaomei, a Chinese senior high school girl living in Japan, said happily. "Recently, I logged on to a website and downloaded some new Japanese songs with lyrics onto my 3G cellphone, "the girl said. "You know, it's amazing! Just like with KTV, _ 's voice can be switched-off leaving just the background music and lyrics. When no one is around, I practise singing songs like crazy. " Xiaomei's 3G cellphone almost made her a super star among her classmates. 3G was first introduced into Japan in 2001. After a slow start, it's now widely used there. High school students top the list of user groups, according to a major service provider in Japan. After years of effort, China is finally catching up. In January, China issued a 3G license to three operators--China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom. In 2009, the operators announced plans to expand the use of 3G cellphones. What is 3G? 3G wireless networks give users faster Internet connections. The Internet connection speed of 3G can be up to 15 to 20 times faster. This allows music and games to be downloaded more easily. E-mail can also be accessed faster. It has made watching movies and video-conferencing possible on a mobile phone. How do I use 3G? First, you must have a 3G cellphone. This year, products made by different cellphone companies will gradually appear in the marketplace. China Mobile and China Telecom users can continue using their old phone number and SIM card. China Unicom, however, has not yet decided on this matter. How much does it cost? The three operators have said that 3G fees will be similar, or slightly lower than today's 2G cellphones. According to a 3G student package, calls within the China Mobile network will cost 0.13 yuan per minute, while the fees go up to 0.23yuan per minute for calls between China Mobile and other networks. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"If you are a China Mobile user, you must have a new phone number when you use 3G.",
"After 3G was introduced to Japan, it was widely used there almost immediately.",
"In 2009, mobile phone operators may consider expanding the use of 3G cellphones.",
"It is thought that in Japan high school students use 3G the most."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can we give a hand to those endangered animals? Yes, we may only do a little bit, but together our small actions add up to a lot. 1. Protect wildlife habitat. Perhaps the greatest threat that faces many species is the widespread destruction of habitat. Cutting down forests, farming, and development all result in loss of wildlife habitat. In areas where rare species live, habitat destruction can quickly force a species to extinction. By protecting habitat, entire communities of animals can be protected together naturally. _ 2. Reduce the threat of invasive species. The spread of non-native species has greatly reduced native populations around the world. Invasive species compete with native species for resources and habitat. They can even _ native species directly, forcing native species towards extinction. 3. Place decals on windows. It is reported that as many as one billion birds in the United States die each year because of collisions with windows. You can help reduce the number of collisions simply by placing decals on the windows in your home and office. 4. Slow down when driving. Many native animals have to live in developed areas and this means they must move in human-living areas. One of the biggest obstacles to them is that created by roads. Roads divide habitat and present a constant risk to any animal attempting to cross from one side to the other. So when you're out and about, slow down and keep an eye out for wildlife. People are advised to put decals on windows to _ .
|
[
"decorate the houses and beautify the environment",
"protect the windows from birds hitting",
"attract more birds to make homes nearby",
"avoid birds hitting the windows by mistake"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Monkeys prefer heavy metal to classical music, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin whose findings are published this week in Biology Letters. Scientists played a selection of music to a group of South American cotton-top monkeys but the only sound that got a reaction were from the heavy metal band Metallica. They were seemingly disinterested in Led Zeppelin, Miles Davis and Bach, but after the beautiful sound of Master of Puppets by Metallica was played the monkeys calmed down. "Monkeys interpret rising and falling sounds differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica," said Professor Charles Snowdon, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Rather than making them excited or aggressive, the heavy metal tracks had a comforting effect. Dr Snowdon, who teamed up with National Symphony Orchestra musican David Teie, also played the monkeys music composed specifically for them. Although they enjoyed Metallica, they were much more interested in these pieces. A melody based on the short calls of scared monkeys led to anxiety levels rapidly growing, researchers found, while one based on long calls the creatures make when they are happy had a calming effect. Frans B.M. de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University who studies animals, said the findings appear to say more about how monkeys respond to the sounds they make than they do about music or the evolution of music. Dr Snowdon no longer has a monkey colony to use in his research, but he said his co-author David Teie is exploring the concept of music for cats. "If we understand how we can affect their emotional states through using musical sound and aspects of our speech, maybe those of us living with companion animals can have a better relationship with them, too," Snowdon said. The aim of the research, according to Professor Snowdon, is to _ .
|
[
"build better ties between animals and humans",
"compare monkeys and cats in term of music",
"develop new music based on animals' calls",
"find better ways to keep animals under control"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The public commonly associates steroid use with big-time athletics. But the drugs may be even more of a menace to teenagers. The synthetic hormones can stunt a young person's growth by prematurely closing the ends of the long bones in the skeleton. That means a 1.7 metre, 15-year-old high school student who uses steroids "might get bigger but won't get any taller", according to a US doctor. Nearly seven percent of boys in the US try steroids before the end of high school, according to a 1988 study by professors Charles Yesalis and William Buckley, of Penn State University. The estimate comes from a poll of 3,400 seniors in 46 public and private schools across the US. "Abusers of Steroids did it to improve their appearance and to excel at sports," Professor Yesalis said. "Parents, teachers and coaches make boys believe that to be an ideal male you need to have these. Then they say: 'you can't play games to have fun; you play games to win.'" "Such attitudes put many high school athletes at high risk of becoming abusers of steroids," said Mike Gimbel, director of Baltimore County Office of substance Abuse. "For these athletes, the pressure to perform is incredible," he said. "It was inevitable that it would seep down to high school level." Which of the following statements is implied but not mentioned?
|
[
"School athletes have too much pressure.",
"Steroids can help people have lots of muscles.",
"The pressure chiefly comes from parents, teachers and coaches.",
"Girls are not interested in steroids."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student has two solid samples of the same substance. Which property do the substances most likely have in common?
|
[
"density",
"mass",
"shape",
"volume"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A glass a day keeps obesity at bay.Alcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content,but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.Looking at past studies they found that,while heavy drinkers do put on weight;those who drink _ can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says,"Light to moderate alcohol intake,especially of wine,may be more likely to protect against,rather than promote,weight gain".The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions,particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University's Dr.Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood.His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes ,which relate to increasing obesity.Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat,and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods.They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks,taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese.What's more,a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol,a compound present in grapes and red wine,destroys fat cells. The passage is mainly for those _ .
|
[
"who produce wine",
"who have a drinking habit",
"who go on a diet",
"who are eager to lose weight"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It's fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that's why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! If you get on a bicycle and ride it, you may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your cars. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don't even have to ride all the way. Folding bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers. Here are some of Health Benefits of Bicycling: 2 Bicycling helps to prevent heart diseases. 2 Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. 2 Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. 2 Bicycling is healthier than driving. If you travel with a folding bike, you can fold it and _ .
|
[
"put it at the station",
"go on airline websites",
"feel more self-confident",
"take it onto a train with you"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Soaking cucumbers in vinegar to make pickles is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Many rural areas in the United States have no doctor. Some medical schools are trying different ways to treat the problem . One idea is to educate doctors in smaller communities and hope they stay. Dr. William Cathcart-Rake heads a new program at the University of Kansas in the Midwest. "We need more doctors. There's somewhere like a quarter of all of our physicians in Kansas who are sixty years of age or older. So we need to be replacing physicians, too."Says Dr. William Cathcart. He also says medical students from rural areas now typically study in Wichita or Kansas City, two of the biggest cities in Kansas. They say, "You know, I really have every intention of coming back to rural Kansas,"but they meet a soul mate, they get married, their soul mate happens to be from a big city and we never see them again. They get captured in the big city. Hopefully, if we train them in smaller communities, they can meet the future _ here , they can network here, and they have those connections which can hopefully be lifelong. The program is based in Kansas' tenth largest city , Salina, home to about fifty thousand people. Salina is about a three-hour drive from Kansas City, past fields of corn, soybeans and cattle. Student Claire Hinrichsen grew up in a town of about six hundred people. She attended the University of Kansas, or KU, as an undergraduate. One reason why the chose the Salina program is because of the size. There are only eight students--the smallest medical school in the country. Classes are taught by professors in Salina or on a video link from Kansas City or Wichita. Students who complete the four year program will then do their residency training in a small community in the surrounding area. One place a resident might work is the Clay Center Clinic, where Dr. Kerry Murphy is a family physician. Rural doctors generally serve older, poorer patients. Going into a specialty in a big city can mean better working hours and more money to pay off student loans. The Salina program will pay tuition for each year that students practice in a rural area in Kansas. From the text we learn that _ .
|
[
"Salina has a population of 500,000",
"a quarter of all physicians in Kansas are too old for the ideal doctors",
"William Cathcart-Rake heads a new program in rural Kansas",
"Educating more doctors in cities can settle the problem"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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