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Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare at the television--they are actually learning about the world, U. S. researchers said. Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television, based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tuffs University in Boston, who led the research. "Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional reactions of adults around them," Mumme said in a statement. "It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television." Mumme's team already knew that babies watch other children and adults for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some "yummy" soup or a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby's reaction. Mumme's team tested babies to determine if television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red letter holder, a blue ball, and a yellow lubber. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to be influenced by the videos, but the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted naturally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object. Mumme reached his conclusion by _ .
|
[
"measuring the time babies spent in front of TV",
"making TV programs and advertisements for kids",
"showing actors how to react to blue balls",
"observing small babies' reactions to TV programs"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Spam mail is a fact of Internet life. Some of it carries bad things, but the main problem with spam is that it is unpleasant because it fills your mail box with pointless messages. Most email programs have built-in filters that will discover unwanted messages and put them into a junk folder . You can make the filter learn what you consider to be spam or block certain senders. Avoid letting your email address appear on websites--spammers search the Internet for email addresses. Be careful who you give your email address to, and if you need to send out several copies of an email, use blind copy instead to cover the other people's addresses. Delete spam emails without opening them. Signs of possible spam are bad spelling in email headers, strange sender addresses, or emails sent at unusual hours. If you do open a spam mail, never reply to it or click on any pictures it may have. If you receive an unexpected email pretending to come from your bank, credit card company or other suppliers, be very careful. If the email asks you to reply, don't do it! Instead, call up these places or visit their websites. Consider setting up a second email address and keep one address for your personal use and another for your online communication. How many suggestions are there in the passage?
|
[
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five.",
"Six."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
_ (from How Do Animals Move?) Many animals scurry up tree trunks to escape enemies or find food. Some live in the treetops. Many of these animals are not only expert climbers, but they also have found interesting ways to get from tree to tree. How Do Animals Adapt?andHow Do Animals Move? are comprehensive explorations of animal adaptations and movement for young readers. Both are part of a 21 book series,The Science of Living Things. InHow Do Animals Adapt?readers learn how animals adapt to survive with respect not only to climate, darkness, food and defenses but also to offspring and people. These adaptations are well explained in double page spreads with examples clearly depicted in photographs and diagrams and developed through their accompanying captions . As the title suggests, movement is the focus ofHow Do Animals Move?Beginning with a description of the explanation of movement, the reader is exposed to the many different ways of animals movement in the air, on land, under ground and in the water. Several unconventional variations (e.g. looping of inchworms, the rectilinear motion of snakes) are included. Once again, the photographs and diagrams plainly support the double page spread discussions of animal movement. The language of both titles is simple enough for young readers without talking down to them. In both books, terminology is featured in . Some of these words are explained in the basic glossary while the majority are explained clearly in the text. Many of these terms provide readers with some fascinating, uncommon words (e.g. brachiation, potassium, skein, and estimate). As do many of Kalman's book, both of these titles have a table of contents, glossary and index which are all enough to introduce young readers to the nature of these tools. Both titles would make excellent additions to any science collection for young readers. The passage is a/an _ .
|
[
"report",
"review",
"advertisement",
"journal"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"I'm a little worried about my future."said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate.He should be so lucky.All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs. Robinson.In the sixties,that was the total sum of post-graduation anxiety. Hoffman's modem peers are not so fortunate.The Mrs. Robinsons aren't sitting around at home any more.They are out in the workplace,doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want,but cannot get.For those fresh out of university,desperate for work but unable to get it,there is a big imbalance between supply and demand.And there is no narrowing of the gap in sight. Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves.Middle-class families see their graduate offspring on the dole queue and wonder why they bothered paying school fees.Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment.For many such families,getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream.It was proof that they were living in a dynamic,economically successful country.That dream does not seem so rosy now.Graduate unemployment is not,ultimately,a political problem.Job-creation for graduates is very low down in the government's schedule.If David Cameron's Conservatives had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job,they would have presented it by now.It is a social problem,though a more deep-seated social problem than people perhaps realize. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .
|
[
"criticize the government",
"present a current severe situation",
"publicize a movie",
"display the success of the country"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Folk medicine keeps the body healthy by using medicines taken from surrounding plants and herbs . Since materialsfor making a medicine to cure a sickness can be found everywhere, one can practise folk medicine in any place of the world. The use of folk medicine goes all the way back to the time of the earliest man when both man and animal used plants and herbs to keep healthy. It is usually seen that an animal eat snakeroot after being bitten by a poisonous snake. Because animals seem to have this natural ability for knowing which plants and herbs will cure what sickness, man probably learned how to care for himself by animal watching. Man also learned other things from animals. He observed that wild animals, when sick, kept quiet and rest, getting well with the help of the medicine in plants and pure air. He saw that an animal with a fever could often be found resting in a cool place, eating nothing, and often drinking water until the fever was gone. Some believe that folk medicine deals with a lot of old wives' tales which have something to do with the medical treatment of the body. Stories are told about the powers of a certain vegetable material, which when hung around the neck, brings the wearer good health during the cold winter months. Such a story is simply a fairy tale. It should be separated from the discussion of folk medicine. Which of the following statements is TRUE about folk medicine?
|
[
"It keeps one healthy by using medicines taken from plants and herbs.",
"It can treat most kinds of diseases for both man and animals.",
"It is better than other medicines in curing serious diseases.",
"It was a way of body treatment used only in man's early history."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While on a field trip to NASA, Felicia saw a short film on materials that make up nebulae. Which topic was most likely presented in the film?
|
[
"asteroid development",
"stellar formation",
"planetary orbits",
"galaxy shapes"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even while in a deep sleep, people can still learn brand new information. Sleepers soak in new associations between smells and sounds, knowledge that lingers into the next waking day, researchers report online August 26 in Nature Neuroscience. The new study is the first to show that entirely new information can get into the sleeping mind, says Anat Arzi of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. "The brain is not passive while you sleep. It's quite active. You can do quite a lot of things while you are asleep." But the results don't mean that Spanish vocabulary tapes now have a place on the nightstand. L, Researchers have tried but largely failed to find evidence that complicated information, such as new pairs of words, can make its way into the brain during sleep. Instead of trying to teach people something complicated like a new language, Arzi and her colleagues relied on the sense of smell and hearing. As anyone who has walked by a dumpster in July knows, smells can cause a nose-jerk reaction. Catching a bad smell automatically makes people inhale less, reducing the size of the inhale. But scent of fresh bread causes a long, deep inhale., rzi and her team took advantage of this reaction for their experiment. As people slept in the laboratory, the researchers delivered pleasant scent, such as shampoo. As this nice smell got into the sleepers' noses, the researchers played a particular music. Later, a disgusting smell, such as rotten fish or meat, was paired with a different music. Neither the smell nor the sound woke people up. After just four exposures to the smell-music pair during a single night, the sleepers started to automatically respond to the tones without the accompanying smells, taking in bigger breaths when the shampoo-associated tone played and smaller breaths when played the sound linked to the rotten fish smell. This new learned association lingered into the next waking day, too. Even though the sleepers had no idea they had been exposed to smells or sounds, their behavior proved that their brain had actually learned something during sleep. As before, the shampoo sound stimulated a long, deep inhale, while the rotten fish tone caused more shallow breaths. How do Arzi and her team do their research? By
|
[
"giving instructions",
"analyzing human brains",
"following the guides of others",
"doing experiments"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ever get that feeling you're being watched? Well, if you're a dog-owner, you may have a point. Dogs are able to watch people's interactions with one another to determine who holds yummier treats, according to a new study. This study joins others that show dogs are good observers of human behaviors and feelings. It offers evidence that dogs use information not only from people's direct interactions with them, but also their interactions with one another. In the study, dogs watched a man ask two women for some of their corns. Both women gave the man corns when he asked, but in response to one woman, the man showed his enthusiasm and said the corns were so delicious. In response to the other woman, he gave the corns back and called them _ (in Spanish;the study was conducted in Argentina). After these interactions, the man left and an assistant holding the dog let the dog go. While many dogs didn't approach either woman, the dogs that did have a preference tended to prefer the woman with the yummier food. Other studies of dogs' people-watching ability have found dogs are able to tell the difference between happy and sad faces in their owners. They prefer people who give others food when asked over people who don't give others food. And in one study, dogs turned toward crying people more often than toward talking people. So how much do dogs really understand about the humans around them? That's not totally settled yet. In a strange twist to the Argentine study above, when the researchers tried an experiment in which they put two plates of corns on a table and had a man react to each plate, dogs didn't preferentially approach the tastier plate afterward. You could say dogs watch for the interaction between two persons, not just how a person reacts. Yet a previous study found dogs will choose boxes that people reacted to happily, but not boxes people reacted to with a disgusted face. Well, either way, you can be sure Fluffs is keeping an eye on you, to the best of her ability. The study was published in the journal PLOS One. Which is one of the procedures of the Argentine study?
|
[
"The man had different reactions to the food received.",
"One of the women didn't give the food to the man.",
"The assistant accompanied the dogs to get the food.",
"Many dogs went to one of the women."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I feel it enormous responsibility, as a mother of two little girls, to lead you down a path that is relatively healthy when it comes to beauty and self-image. In a lot of women's eyes I've probably already failed in that respect due to the amount of pink princess Barbie mess cluttering up Vera's room. But I will say something about Barbie: I played with that stuff for a solid decade when I was growing up and here I am now at a healthy weight with a healthy outlook on my body and image. I have a successful career. If Barbie was really so damaging to my femininity and self-image I highly doubt I could list all of the accomplishments. But I get it too. It's hard for women to maintain a healthy self-image. I have girlfriends around whom I have to brace myself to see, because just being around them makes me self-conscious. I look at old pictures of my mother and wonder why I've never been able to be as skinny as she was. And then I have friends who are thinner than their mothers ever were. We women go round and round in circles, holding hands and trying to be one another sometimes. Men like to think we dress and style ourselves for them, but why would we when they hardly notice? I've never tried so hard to look good when I know I'm about to meet up with a stylish girlfriend. It's she who will notice my slimmed-down waist or the thinnest, little bracelet on my arm. And I have no doubt that the two of you, Veronica and Juliette, will endlessly compare yourselves to each other. You will wonder why one of you got longer legs or shinier hair. The thing I'll tell you is this: not even the prettiest of us feel settled. The girl you think looks the most perfect in the world is probably the girl who wants to change herself more than anyone else. Don't take these on. You are not worthless. You are so full of love and light and you should let it shine through your every second. If someone pushes you down for standing tall then just push yourself back up and stand even taller. And know that the reason they push you down in the first place is just because they're scared. The author advises her daughters that _ .
|
[
"they should be cautious not to be pushed down by others",
"they should care much about their strong points instead of appearances",
"they should try to grow taller than others",
"they should care more about others' opinions"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It was a secret Eli kept until he was 8 years old. "He would scream, like we were hurting him when we tried to put a dress on him." recalled Grace, his mother. That was when Eli was an 18-month-old baby girl already rejecting anything female. Now, Eli's mother and Eli are sharing their story with CBS New York. Eli still remembers being a baby, and rejecting putting on a dress. "Oh, I remember that," he said. "It was like torture." Now Eli is 11 years old. He is, by all accounts, a happy, active boy who never doubted he was born the wrong sex. Eli said to CBS New York. It was hard to keep that secret for 8 years though, "It was kind of hard because I hadn't really told anyone ever," he said. "He said, 'I have a secret, and the secret is I don't want to be a girl. I think I'm a boy,'"Grace recalled. "...I thought, 'I don't know what we're going to do, but we're going to figure it out."' CBS New York reports that it was a less clear path for Ryan, now a 21-year-old man. He, too, was born female, but never felt like one. He didn't understand his feelings at the time. Then he learned about what it meant to be transgender on the Internet, and it began to make sense. "It was a relief to know what exactly I was or am," he said. Ryan's mother said at first it was hard to accept. "It's a scary thing to think about," she said. But she came around. "I was glad my son is able to become the person he needed to be," she said. Experts say the kind of family support both Ryan and Eli are getting is of great significance. Without it, many transgender kids suffer from anxiety, depression and high rates of suicide. "We see a lot of kids with a lot of mental health concerns, and we also see that those mental health concerns really reduced when the family is on board," said Jean Malpas of Ackerman Institute for the Family, a non-profit research organization to CBS New York. Grace said for her it went from a situation that felt really confusing and difficult to one that she now celebrates. "We feel so lucky to have him." she said. Which word can best describe Ryan's feelings before he turned to the Internet?
|
[
"Confused.",
"Angry.",
"Relieved.",
"Confident."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The marine environment is fascinating to study and work in due to its beauty, richness, and complexity. It covers three quarters of the surface of the Earth, yet we know more detail about the surface of Mars. In the past, it was seen as both an inexhaustible resource and a bottomless sink for our wastes. Yet the increasing pressures of overpopulation, pollution and the threat to our natural environment mean that there is an increasing need for scientists who can understand how it all works, how it affects us, and how we are affecting it from global warming through to the smallest plankton. From local issues to global concerns, we now know that the marine environment is inextricably linked to our lives, and to our future survival. It is an area where much remains to be discovered, and where only a multidisciplinary approach can cover the breadth of issues to be confronted. This is the approach taken on our Marine Environmental Science degree course. This course takes a multi-disciplinary approach to explore and understand the marine environment. After an initial grounding in basic science, optional choices are available in specialist topics such as marine ecosystems and pollution, coastal navigation and oceanography, among others. Our new harbor side marine laboratory is used for some of the specialist lectures, laboratory and project work, while a week's residential field course in the Isle of Man provides training to prepare for the research project conducted in your final year. There is an optional trip to Belize in the final year to study tropical marine environments. The present environment of the Earth forces the experts and scholars to study _ .
|
[
"the relationship between people's actions and natural environment",
"the relationship between people's actions and pollution",
"the relationship between people's actions and overpopulation",
"the relationship between people's actions and plankton"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In which example could a thermometer be used to show that heat energy is being transferred?
|
[
"A piano is played by striking the keys.",
"A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another.",
"A ball is thrown into the air.",
"A stove is used to boil water in a pan."
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Sodium iodide is ().
|
[
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In our town, everyone knows Mrs. Ai loves eating fish heads. When the family have meals together and there is fish in the meal, her children always give her the fish heads first. Only when she is eating outside, she often says "no" to fish heads very politely. Not long ago, Mrs. Ai dies. Before she dies, some of her old friends come to see her and cook some fish heads for her. At that time she can't eat anything, but she tells her friends a secret, "Thank you very much for cooking me the fish heads. But tell you the truth: I never really love eating fish heads. My family is poor. My husband and children like eating fish. If I eat some, they will eat a little less. If I don't eat any, they will feel sorry. So I have to say I love eating fish heads. In my life, I only wish I could eat the meat of the fish." Now, if someone says he (or she) loves eating fish heads, I always want to know: Does he (or she) really love eating fish heads or just eat fish heads for love? Why does Mrs. Ai say she loves eating fish heads?
|
[
"Because she loves her husband and children very much.",
"Because she wants to keep slim.",
"Because she likes eating them very much.",
"Because she is poor and only buys fish heads."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics,many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes,may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine ,new research suggests. "People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk," Dr.Jennifer M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study,"Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking," she said. This finding may seem counterintuitive ,since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed,research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. _ Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes. Yet,few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association,Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area,including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores. Upon further research,the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker word and space reasoning. Thus,though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers,it did seem to account for some of the effects,the report indicates. It can be inferred from the passage that .
|
[
"many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking",
"giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics",
"alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores",
"other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American scientists have developed the first material that repairs itself. The material is a form of plastic that has been engineered to fill breaks in its surface. Plastics are used today in everything. Scientists wanted to find a way to make objects made of plastic last longer. The researchers hope their new discovery can be used to make objects that are difficult or impossible to replace. The surface of plastic objects breaks over time. Very small breaks develop every time a plastic object is used. The researchers wanted to find out how to stop plastic from developing small breaks that weaken and destroy it. They found the answer in the chemical structure of plastic itself. The research team found a way to make plastic that contains very small balloons filled with monomer liquid. When the new plastic cracks, the monomer liquid is let out and flows into the crack. Thus the break is repaired. The repaired plastic has seventy-five percent of the strength of undamaged plastic. The new self-repairing plastic is not yet ready for production. But it has several possible uses. One could be in space vehicles where parts cannot be repaired or replaced. Another possible use might be in bridges. And it could be used in people, to replace bone joints that have become broken or damaged. We know from the passage that the repair is done as _ .
|
[
"the cracked plastic parts are changed",
"the plastic cracks",
"the liquid is put into the plastic cracks",
"the plastic is made"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone knows that eating too much junk food is not good to our health. Yet, what is it about junk food that is so completely irresistible ? For one thing, it's everywhere. From chips in fast food restaurants to candy in supermarkets, junk food always seems available. Thankfully, science is now providing new clues to help us reduce snacking. Make friends with dainty eaters. Studies have found that people tend to increase or reduce the amount of food they eat depending on what their companions are taking in. See happy movies... and always get the smaller bag of popcorn . According to some experts, people eat up to 29% more popcorn if they are watching a sad or serious movie, compared to when they are watching a comedy. Viewers consumed almost 200 calories more when snacking from a large bucket, as opposed to when given a medium-sized container. Eat breakfast. Nutritionists have gone back and forth about the question of how much to eat in the morning, but new studies suggest that consuming a good breakfast is a must. Surveys on long-term weight-loss show that two key factors in keeping weight down are eating breakfast and exercising. Divide your food and conquer overeating. Any kind of dividing your food into portions slows down your eating. Any kind of marker makes you aware of what you're eating and of portion size. Researchers advise reallocating snack foods into small plastic bags. It sounds simplistic, but it works. Why do people eat too much junk food though it is bad for our health?
|
[
"Because it's available here and there.",
"It's delicious from chips to candy.",
"It's easily taken everywhere.",
"It's easily bought in fast food restaurants."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Selfie is a photograph taken of oneself, typically with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. In the digital age, selfies have taken off in a way that no one could have predicted. The art of the selfie is one that lots of people have practiced and perfected in recent years. A recent study shows 91 percent of teens have posted a photo of themselves online. Some celebrities are regular selfie posters, too. It seems that selfies are more than just a trend. They are here to stay. Why are selfies so popular? The appeal of selfies comes from how easy they are to create and share. And posting selfies is popular for another reason: you can control your own image. "I like having the power to choose how I look," admits Samantha, a 19-year-old girl from Missouri, "even if I'm making a face." Actually, the most common selfie is the one where you look cute, partly because it's a quick way to get positive comments about your appearance. "If I feel pretty, I take one," says Andrew, a 23-year-old girl from Maryland, "when other people Like it, it's a mini boost of confidence." Sure, showing off a new coat or that you're at a cool event is fun, but can be a trap to fall in. There's a danger that your self-respect may start to be tied to the comments and Likes you get when you post a selfie, and they aren't based on who you are--they are based on what you look like. Seeking validation is totally normal, and it's a healthy way for teenagers to develop their identity. But with social networks, where it's easy to get quick approval almost constantly, the selfie thing can quickly go out of control. It may even start to feel like an addiction: when you get a "LIKE", you're up. But when you get nothing, your confidence can decrease quickly. Overall, opinions vary on selfie culture. It's up to you to shape the future of the habit. Ask yourself: are my selfies for fun, or do I need the comments? If you belong to the latter, it's recommended that you change your view. That could mean cutting selfies out entirely or just cutting down and making them more fun. So maybe you like to travel, or read or dance, or create crazy 3-D nail art...post them! Take it from us: it's so much more interesting. By saying "They are here to stay", the writer believes _ .
|
[
"celebrities will continue to post selfies",
"selfies are taking root in people's life",
"people will be addicted to posting selfies",
"selfies have raised wide public concern"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More and more mainland high school graduates are considering attending universities in Hong Kong. They feel that attractive scholarships, the high quality of education and a chance to experience a different culture present a good opportunity. At Fudan University's prefix = st1 /Handancampus, nearly 800 local high school graduates have attended an admission interview for Hong Kong University (HKU). The candidates have already passed the national college entrance exam and an HKU written test. HKU applicants in the mainland are 10,000 students this year, more than doubling last year's applicants. "Most of the applicants are excellent high school graduates with outstanding performance in the national college entrance exam," Cui Jijia, an official with HKU's Shanghaioffice, said. Excellent freshmen from the mainland will be awarded a scholarship ranging from HK$30,000 (US$3,862) to HK$100,000 this year, as HKU has set aside a total scholarship budget of HK$55 million for first-year students. One HKU applicant says that entering a university in Hong Kong provides access to jobs in Hong Kong in the future. "I'll choose HKU if I receive an offer from both a local school and HKU," he says. Besides HKU, some other universities from Hong Kong also hold admission interviews for students from mainland high schools. They expect to enroll more than 1,300 mainland students. If high school graduates want to enter Hong Kong University, they must _ .
|
[
"have an interview first",
"be born in a rich family",
"graduate from an excellent school",
"have an admission interview after they pass the written test"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A lot of grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn't good for a kid's health. Now some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their hand-held game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. These patients also seem to experience less pain when they are concentrating on a superhero adventure or a car race. At the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Maryland, young patients are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called the Hospital-based On-line Pediatric Environment (HOPE). Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys no longer filter wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must be hooked up to dialysis machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play online sports, racing, and adventure games with each other. Eventually they will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who are suffering from the same problem. "We want to use the power of the Internet to bring together kids who feel that they are separated by their illness, and let them know that they are not alone," said Arun Mathews, the doctor who heads the program. He loves video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country. Many researchers elsewhere are testing video game programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players get rid of cancer cells. That's all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal faster. What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Nine-year-old Ben Duskin, who has a cancer, is very brave and clever.",
"Many parents want their children to play video games because it's good for their health.",
"Doctors are not sure whether reducing pain and worry can help the patients recover faster.",
"HOPE allows kids to play online games only with the kids in the same hospital."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Tom acquired this trait?
|
[
"Tom's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard.",
"Tom's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.",
"Tom's brother has scars on both of his knees."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Coffee experts are willing to pay large sums of money for high-quality coffee beans. The high-end beans, such as Kona or Blue Mountain, are known to cost extraordinary sums of money. Then there is Kopi Lowak (translated as "Civet Coffee"), the world's most expensive coffee, which sells for as much as US $50 per quarter-pound. This isn't particularly surprising, because approximately 500 pounds a year of Kopi Lowak make up the entire world supply. What is surprising is why this particular coffee is so rare. In fact, it's not the plants that are rare. It's the civet droppings. That's right, the civet droppings--the body waste of the palm civet. Coffee beans aren't Kopi Lowak until they've been digested and come out in the body waste of the palm civet. Palm civets are tree-dwelling, raccoon-like little animals, native to Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands. They also have a love for coffee cherries. According to Kopi Lowak suppliers, palm civets eat the fruit whole, but only digest the outer fruit, leaving the beans intact . While the beans are not destroyed, they undergo a transformation in the animal's body. A chemical substance in the digestive system of the palm civet causes some changes to the beans to give them a unique flavor . However, this is not the only explanation why coffee beans retrieved from civet droppings have a special flavor all their own. Another possible reason is that palm civets have an unfailing instinct for picking the coffee cherries at the peak of their ripeness. Kopi Lowak is reported to have a character in taste unlike any other coffee, complex with caramel undertones and an earthy flavor. Currently, most of the world's supply of Kopi Lowak is sold in Japan, though a few US markets are also starting to stock up on Kopi Lowak. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
|
[
"Little palm civets eat only the outer layer of the coffee cherries.",
"Palm civets somehow know the right time when the coffee fruit ripens.",
"Kopi Lowak is most popular in Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands.",
"Kona and Blue Mountain are the most expensive coffees but only of average quality."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones ,US researchers reported on Thursday. Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer's . University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans. "Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen , which we know has many neuroprotective effects," Kinsley said. "It's rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals," he added in a telephone interview. "They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes." Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer's and other forms of age related brain decline. "When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from neck down," said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida. "They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant--that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alternations to the brain." Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Do You Want to Be Smarter?",
"Mysterious Hormones",
"An Important Study",
"Motherhood Makes Women Smarter"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Kimi acquired this trait?
|
[
"Kimi knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Kimi learned how to knit in an after school program."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In whitetail deer, females seldom grow antlers. Which best explains why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers?
|
[
"Female deer have no need for antlers.",
"Male deer are older than female deer.",
"Antler growth is controlled by genes.",
"Antler growth depends on behavior."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital. Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children's hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher--and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games. Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as "the library lady" or just "the helper". Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can. Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed. The hospital teachers are found _ .
|
[
"not welcomed by the children and their parents",
"unnecessary",
"not quite helpful",
"capable"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today, when a fire breaks out, you can be sure a citizen with a cell-phone camera has posted it to Facebook or Twitter, or sent it to the media.But up to now, that citizen has not been able to easily send images and details of what is happening to the people who need it most: police, firefighters and building-security people who must respond, and whose ability to help is often measured in minutes, if not seconds. That's about to change.A one-year old company called Elerts has developed a system that's designed to mobile and social technologies to speed the flow of information between citizens and emergency workers in time of danger.The system involves free mobile applications--iPhone and iPad app is available now--that eyewitnesses can use to report incidents and get public-safety warnings.And Elerts is offering a management console for security firms and universities to receive the reports and distribute warnings and instructions, like a map with the best evacuation route . The service is the brainchild of Chris Russo, deputy fire chief in the coastal town of Hull, Mass.As mobile communications sped up, he grew increasingly frustrated by his inability to communicate effectively with colleagues and the public, particularly with people who are at the scene and might be able to provide help. "Remembering situations when communications failed _ ," Mr.Russo says.Last summer, he was in a search at a beach for a missing boy, who went into a bathhouse but didn't come out.First responders feared an abduction on the beach or shark attack.The child's mother, who didn't speak English well, was so sad that she couldn't remember what color1 shorts he had on.Mr.Russo had no photo of the child, and no ability to turn to beachgoers. Two long hours later, the boy was spotted by a low-flying helicopter lost and alone on the beach crying--a lucky break."If 5 percent of beachgoers had an app to receive a message and send in sightings of a lost boy, the happy ending might have come much sooner," Mr.Russo said. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"An app for reporting emergency.",
"A moving story of Chris Russo.",
"A cell-phone instant service.",
"An app for firm management."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at a higher speed?
|
[
"a speedboat that moved 180miles in 5hours",
"a speedboat that moved 285miles in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A ball is dropped from different heights. When the ball is dropped from the highest height, it makes the greatest noise or vibration when it lands on the ground. What is the best explanation for the ball making the greatest noise?
|
[
"The air pushes down more and the ball goes faster.",
"Gravity pulls for a longer time and the ball goes faster.",
"The ball is gaining weight and going faster.",
"The ball is warming up and going faster."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Wang Ling, a middle school girl, felt angry with her parents after getting a boy's phone call. "A classmate called me to discuss homework. We talked for just a few minutes before my parents got mad," said the girl. "They asked whether I liked the boy. I'm sad Ididn't, but they wouldn't believe me." Wang's trouble is not strange at all because puppy love becomes a big headache for both parents and schools. They worry that puppy love will be bad for their study. Her school makes it a rule not to allow any talk or any _ between one boy and one girl alone. Many students say they understand why parents and teachers are so nervous about puppy love. But some think they are going too far. "We have our own thoughts and we know what to do with it." said Wang Ling. Another girl, Jiang Ting, liked making friends with boys. "Boys and girls can learn from each other," she said. "My mother asks me to study hard. However, she never stops me from making friends with boys." Once Jiang Ting told her mother she might fall in love with a boy. Her mother let Jiang make her own decision. Soon Jiang found that she didn't like him any more because the boy was not as good as what she had thought before. And she did worse and worse in her subjects because she spent much on it. At last she understood the worry from school and most parents about puppy love. What can we learn from the article?
|
[
"Wang Ling told her mother she might fall in love with a boy.",
"Jiang's mother doesn't care about her at all.",
"Puppy love will be bad for student's study.",
"Puppy love becomes a problem for all students."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some animals that detect objects by emitting sound live in
|
[
"the arctic",
"soil",
"a tide pool",
"rivers"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Kate Green is a girl. She is my good friend . She is English. Kate is her first name.Green is her family name. Mr Green is her father .His first name is John. Mrs Green is her mother . Her first name is Helen. Kate is eleven years old. Her home telephone number is 865---64108. (10) _ is her mother.
|
[
"Ann",
"Kate",
"Helen",
"Mary"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Let's say you took violin lessons all through elementary school, but you haven't got the instrument out of its case for years. Were all those lessons a waste of your parents' money because you didn't become a violinist? Even though it has been a long time since you played the violin, a new study shows that as little as one year of music training can have a positive impact on your brain that will last the rest of your life. In an experiment, researchers compared children who had taken music lessons to those who hadn't. Laurel Trainor, who studies music and the mind, discovered that the musically-trained children had better brain responses in certain sound recognition exams. Trainor's findings show the possibility that musical education can actually improve the brain's hearing cortex . "The study's results show that music training affects attention and memory, and helps children develop learning skills. In this way music training might lead to better learning across a number of fields," Trainor said in a statement. The effects of music education are even more obvious on children with difficulty in reading and writing and other language-related disabilities. So, whether you can play a good piece of music or not, it's likely that your years of music lessons have prepared your brain for all the speeches, emails, and adult conversations that are part of your life today. We should help make sure that children today have the same opportunities for music, and help out by volunteering with or donating instruments to your school's music education department. Compared with children who haven't taken music lessons, musically-trained children _ .
|
[
"sing better",
"do better in exams",
"recognize sounds better",
"response more quickly"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In this life, what did you miss? The wife asked the husband when she was 25. Despondently, the husband replied: 'I missed a new job opportunity.' When she was 35, the husband angrily told her that he had just missed the bus. At 45, the husband sadly said: 'I missed the opportunity seeing my closed relative before his last breath.' At 55, the husband said disappointingly: 'I missed a good chance to retire.' At 65, the husband hurriedly replied: 'I missed a dental appointment.' At 75, the wife did not ask the husband anymore, the husband was kneeling in front of the very sick wife. Remembering the question the wife used to ask him, this time he asked the wife the same question. The wife, with a smile and peaceful look, replied: 'In this life, I did not miss having you!' The husband was full of tears. He always thought that they could be together forever. He was always busy with work and trifles. So much so he had never been thoughtful to his wife. The husband hugged the wife tightly and said: 'Over 50 years, how I had allowed myself to miss your deep love for me.' In the busy city life, there are many people who are always busy with work. These people revolve their lives around their jobs, these people sacrifice all their times and health to meet the social expectations. They are unwilling to spend times on health care. They miss the opportunity to be with their children in their growing up. They neglect the loved ones who care for them, and also their health. Nobody knows what is going to happen one year from now. Life is not _ , so always live in the now. Express your gratitude to your loved ones in words. Show your care with actions. Treat everyday as the last episode of life. In this way, when you are gone, you loved ones would have nothing to feel sorry about. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"A sad love story.",
"Memories of a happy family.",
"Express your gratitude to your loved ones in words.",
"In this life, what did you miss."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last night's meteor shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. "My family was so frustrated," admitted town resident Duane Cosby, "We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment." Astronomers--scientists who study stars and planets--have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, "100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers." Countless more animal casualties result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings. But some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night. What do the astronomers complain about?
|
[
"Meteor showers occur less often than before.",
"Their observation equipment is in poor repair.",
"Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.",
"Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Drinking water is good for your health. There are some scientific ways of drinking water. 1. It is the best medicine to drink two glasses of water in the morning. 2. Drink clean water. 3. Drink the water that has not been boiled. Many people think boiled water is safe and good to people's health. In fact, it is not true. The boiling point of water is 100degC. By boiling it, most bacteria in water can be killed. In the past, the water was less polluted. So boiling was a good way to make clean water. But heavy metals and other dangerous things in today's water are much more terrible than bacteria. Boiling doesn't fix that problem. And boiling water may give us more of the dangerous things in our glass. 4. Never use soft drinks to take the place of water. 5. Water is also needed in winter. 6. Drink water at the right time. 1) After getting up in the morning, you have less water in your body, because you weren't drinking for the whole night. So you should drink some water to keep your health after getting up in the morning. That can prevent high blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhages and so on. 2) Drinking water at about 10 am helps your body keep enough water. 3) Drinking water at about 3 pm can clean out the wastes in your body. 4) About eight o'clock in the evening is the best time to drink water. Your blood gets thicker when you sleep. Water will make your blood less thick. Besides, we should drink 2L of water every day. Water is so important for our life. We should drink water often. _ can prevent high blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhages and so on.
|
[
"Drinking some water after getting up in the morning",
"Drinking some water before going to bed",
"Drinking some soft drinks after getting up",
"Drinking some milk before going to bed"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has more thermal energy?
|
[
"a 5-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 75°C",
"a 5-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 70°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Scientists recorded the hourly temperature at a weather station for the month of July and want to quickly measure a trend over time in temperature changes. Which of these formats would be the most appropriate representation of the temperature data to quickly measure any trend?
|
[
"bar graph",
"line graph",
"pie chart",
"data table"
] | 1B
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Once I complained to my husband that he wasn't helping enough with our daughter, and I gave him a long list of the parenting chores I was shouldering on my own. "But you like doing all that stuff," he said. I thought about that while reading a new study about the responsibilities of parenting. Researchers asked 191 college professors, both men and women, who had children 2 or younger, the pleasure they experienced from childcare. On 16 out of 25 childcare tasks--like taking a child to the doctor or buying clothes for a child--women reported statistically higher levels of enjoyment than men. The only parenting issue that gave women less pleasure than it gave men was having to manage who does what for the child. On the whole, women's scores were 10 percent higher than men's. Women are also far more likely to take advantage of family-leave benefits to care for children. In the study, all the universities offered paid family leave, and 69 percent of the women took it, while only 12 percent of the men did. In Sweden, where family leave for both parents is particularly generous, men use about 20 percent of the 480-day benefit. Women use nearly all of it. It's difficult to know how cultural and economic pressures or biological functions influence parenting. Plenty of men change diapers , and studies show that mothers and fathers alike spend more time with children than they used to. Men have more than doubled the time they spend on childcare since 1985. Yet women still spend twice as much time with the kids as men, says the University of Maryland sociologist John Robinson. Notably in the study, the parenting activity that gave men the most pleasure (and women, too) was playing and talking with their kids. But when men were asked to rate how often they actually did those things, their scores were about 10 and 40 percent lower than women's. In the end, perhaps the issue is not that mothers are doing too many childcare tasks--my husband was right when he said I liked being a mother--but that men, for all their progress as fathers, are still missing out. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Fathers should take more responsibility in childcare.",
"Mothers gain more pleasure from childcare than men.",
"Fathers are playing a more important part in childcare.",
"Mothers should give fathers more chances to look after children."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two ships. Which ship was moving at a higher speed?
|
[
"a ship that moved 60miles in 5hours",
"a ship that moved 75miles in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Every year landslides cause 25 to 50 deaths and $2 billion in damage in the United States. And in December, a single _ killed more than 2000 people in the Philippines. Sending workers to stabilize mountainsides using steel bars can help a lot, but it introduces new difficulties because of dust and loosen heavy, dangerous debris from the work. "It's a quite dangerous job," says Giorgio Pezzuto of D' Appolonia, working with eight other companies. Now there may be an answer: a three-ton robot called Roboclimber. "The idea is to operate a machine far away that can do the stabilizing job without a human being near,"says Pezzuto, manager for the project, which is supported by a European organization. Engineers say that the machine will be faster and cheaper than manual labor. The robot, a large radio-controlled four-legged spider, has cost at least $2 million so far. It should be able to climb mountainsides, drill holes and insert steel bars there. Testing should begin in May. The biggest advantage of this product is that _
|
[
"it will be faster and cheaper than manual labor",
"it can climb mountainsides, drill holes and insert steel bars there.",
"it can do the stabilizing job without human beings near",
"it is like a spider"
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two gray whales. Which gray whale was moving at a higher speed?
|
[
"a gray whale that moved 50miles in 10hours",
"a gray whale that moved 20miles in 10hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Hanson inherited this trait?
|
[
"Hanson's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Hanson.",
"Hanson and his father both have dark hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The central government has announced its goal of providing everyone in the country with basic healthcare by 2020. It's an ambitious goal for a nation that will have a population of 1.5 billion by then. Making healthcare affordable and easily available is the most important thing for many countries. But the task is much harder in China, the world's most populous nation. Gao Qiang, Vice Minister of Health, said, "I think the goal of offering every Chinese basic healthcare is extremely large. It will be an arduous task. We have to make sure every citizen, including the huge rural population, will be covered." But the size of the population is only one of many difficulties. Gao Qiang said, "The most obvious problem right now is that many people have no easy access to medical care. We still have a considerable number of city and rural residents who have not joined any medical insurance system. Moreover, medical services are public welfare services. We need to stop those hospitals that make profit by selling medicine." China started to reform its healthcare system in the early 1990s. Today, it has extended medical insurance to 170 million city residents. A rural cooperative medical insurance system was launched in 2003 to offer farmers basic healthcare. So far, more than eighty percent of the rural population have participated in the insurance scheme. And this year, unemployed city residents and children will also be covered by the system. Healthcare officials say their key work now is to help employees in small firms join the medical insurance system. Now their important work is to _ .
|
[
"provide everyone in the country with basic healthcare",
"control the population",
"help people in small companies join the medical insurance system",
"offer farmers basic healthcare"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?
|
[
"a bicycle that moved 30miles east in 5hours",
"a bicycle that moved 70miles west in 5hours",
"a bicycle that moved 35miles east in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Electricity, like clean water, is a resource that's often taken for granted. But last summer, when blackouts struck much of the northeastern US, Ontario and Rome, consumers on two continents were given a painful reminder of just how easily broken electricity supplies can be. The massive disorder stranded commuters, stopped freezers, shut down businesses and refocused attention on where most of the planet's power comes from:oil-and-gas-fired generators and nuclear plants, These sources not only pollute the environment but also make many consumers feel unacceptable health risks. Companies are trying to offer an alternative, clean energy from renewable resources that's plentiful and portable. Lifton's Medis Technologies, as well as companies like Hydrogenics and Nanosys, is tapping into fuel cells and dolor panels to give people power whenever and wherever they want it, free from dependence on local grids . The search for alternative energy is nothing new, but the current trend of innovators is focusing on the goal of making clean and sustainable power a mainstream commodity. For example, the fuel cell, which produces electricity from the chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen, has been around for about 150 years, though its commercial development did not begin until the 1960s and then only as part of NASA spacecraft. Today this technology is coming down to Earth in places like Tokyo; in nine European cities, from Stockholm to Porto, each operating three hydrogen-fuel-cell buses; and in Iceland, which is trying to create the first fuel free hydrogen economy by 2030. When hydrogen and oxygen molecules combine, the reaction produces heat and water. Fuel cells use this reaction to generate electricity. With the cell phone and gadget market in mind, Medis has developed a fuel cell with cheap components that produces little heat and effortlessly reduces waste water without turning to energy consuming pumps. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Lifton's Medis Technologies is tapping into fuel cells and solar panels.",
"The fuel cell has been around for about 150 years.",
"The fuel cell's commercial development did not begin until the 1960s.",
"When hydrogen and oxygen molecules combine, the reaction produces o2 and H2O."
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What can seeds look like?
|
[
"Seeds come in many colors. But all seeds are small.",
"Seeds can come in many colors and sizes.",
"Seeds come in many sizes. But all seeds are black."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Susan inherited this trait?
|
[
"Susan's biological parents have red hair. Susan also has red hair.",
"Susan's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail.",
"Susan's neighbor also has straight hair."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How to Fight Winter Blue Winter's short days are more than cold. For many people, winter depression, the most common type of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), is as much a part of the season as hats and scarves. Winter serious SAD sufferers may need medical treatment. Those feeling a little blue can help themselves by sticking to a healthy lifestyle. Here are some tips: Pace yourself. Don't expect to do everything you normally can. Set a realistic schedule. Don't listen to negative thinking, like blaming yourself or expecting to fail. Get involved in activities that make you feel good or feel like you've achieved something. For example, play table tennis or badminton. If you are feeling depressed, you may feel like staying away from friends. Yet this is a time when friends' support can be helpful. Call them regularly. Remember, the more we put off calling or visiting a friend, the harder it is to rebuild a friendship. Think clearly about what's wrong or right. Instead of giving in to vague feelings of sadness, look at your problems objectively. Break down problems into specific issues that you can work on. Regular exercise helps to prevent and . Eat well. Studies show that a healthy diet can help to maintain (keep) a healthy body and mind. The vitamins, minerals and micro--nutrients found in balanced diet may help our bodies to produce feel-good hormones . Foods containing chemicals to help produce feel-good hormones include bananas, turkey, nuts and seeds. Eat at least five pieces of fruit and vegetables every day. P.S. Symptoms of SAD: No interest or pleasure in things you used to enjoy. Increased need for sleep. A change in eating habits, especially an appetite for sweet or starchy foods. Weight gain A heavy feeling in the arms or legs A drop in energy level Difficulty in concentrating Overly emotional Avoidance of friends and social situations Frequent feelings of guilt Long-term feelings of hopelessness, and physical problems, such as headaches The writer of the passage agrees that _ .
|
[
"the cold in winter makes us suffer from SAD",
"hats and scarves protect us from SAD",
"every one of us meets SAD in winter",
"we are blue mainly because of short days in winter"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do Algebra problems 15 through 25. Give the different forms of the verbs on page 50 of your French workbook. Read page 12 through 20 of the Shakespeare play, and when you have finished that, don't forget to fill the missing chemical symbols on the Periodic Table of Elements worksheet. Homework is a major part of going to class, and it helps students grasp important concepts. Luckily, you can do a few things to make homework less painful. First, be sure you understand the assignment. Write it down in your notebook or day planner if you need to, and don't be afraid to ask questions about what is expected. It is much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later at night! Second, use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework. Many schools have study halls that are specifically designed to allow students to study or get homework done. It is attractive to hang out with friends during study periods or unscheduled time, but the more work you can get done in school, the less you will have to do at night. Third, pace yourself. If you don't finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time. Most high school students have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night. If it is a heavy-homework day and it seems like you have got an assignment on every subject but gym and lunch, you will need to devote more time to homework schedule, especially if you are involved in sports or activities or have an after-school job. One way to reduce your burden of homework at night is to _ .
|
[
"take part in studying teams",
"appeal for teachers' aid at any time",
"focus full attention on teachers' lecture",
"make full use of the time at school"
] | 3D
|
high_school_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What happens to water molecules during the boiling process?
|
[
"They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.",
"They move faster and remain close together as they absorb heat.",
"They move more slowly but move farther apart as they lose heat.",
"They move faster and move farther apart as they lose heat."
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mr Green has a car. In the morning he takes his children to school in his car. Then he drives to work. Mr Green and his children do not have lunch at home, but Mrs Green does. She does not go to work. She stays at home and does some shopping and cleaning in the morning. In the afternoon she usually goes to see some of her friends, has tea and talks a lot with them. Then she cooks supper for her family. Mr Green comes back home much later than his children. They do not come back in their father's car. They take a bus home. They usually come back home before five. Mr Green's children usually go to school _ .
|
[
"on foot",
"by car",
"by bus",
"by train"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Andy Steele lives just a few blocks from the campus of Black Hills State University in Spearfish, S.D., so commuting to class isn't the problem. But he doesn't like lectures much, isn't a morning person, and wants time during the day to restore motorcycles. So Steele, a full-time senior business major, has been taking as many classes as he can from the South Dakota State system's online offerings. He gets better grades and learns more, he says, and insists he isn't missing out on the college experience. "I still know a lot of people from my first two years living on campus, and I still meet a lot of people," he says. But now, he sets his own schedule. At least 2.3 million people took some kind of online courses, according to a recent survey by The Sloan Consortium, an online education group, and two-thirds of colleges offering "face-to-face" courses also offer online ones. But what were once two different types of classes are looking more and more alike and often falling into the same pool of students. At some schools, online courses originally intended for non-traditional students living far from campus have proved surprisingly popular with on-campus students. A recent study found 42 percent of the students enrolled in its distance education courses were located on campus at the university that was hosting the online courses. Numbers vary depending on the policies of particular colleges, but other schools also have students mixing and matching online and "face-to-face" credits. Motives range from lifestyle to adapting a job schedule to getting into high--demand courses. Washington State had about 325 on-campus undergraduates taking one or more distance courses last year. As many as 9,000 students took both distance and in-person classes at Arizona State last year. "Business is really about providing choices to their customers, and that's really what we want to do," said Sheila Aaker, extended services coordinator at Black Hills State. Many schools, such as Washington State and Arizona State, let departments and academic units decide who can take an online course. They say students with legitimate academic needs a conflict with another class, a course they need to graduate that isfull--oftenget permission, though they still must take some key classes in person. From what Sheila Aaker said in the passage, we can tell _ .
|
[
"business is the most popular major in universities",
"colleges should provide more majors for students",
"where the similarity between business and colleges lies",
"why colleges offer online courses to on-campus students"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many animals that give birth to live young have
|
[
"skin",
"scales",
"exoskeletons",
"gills"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents. Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs' fossils because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. It's very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils. Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone. Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups. "That's pretty much settled at this point," says Paul Sereno. A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances together. As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs-birds and crocodiles-for possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same. There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered. Dinosaur scientists, will have to find more proof to reach an agreement. Dinosaur scientists can probably know whether dinosaurs were good parents by _ .
|
[
"watching many kinds of animals",
"studying dinosaurs' living relatives",
"following the tracks left behind",
"working on dug-out dinosaur eggs"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961. Since then, people have not only traveled to space, but also many of them have lived there in space stations for some time. The Soviet Union sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut 1. Salyut 1 was designed as a place where people could live while they _ space and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States built its own space station, called Skylab. Astronauts visited and often lived in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn't until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a longer time. Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001, when it was decided that the space station was too old and no longer safe to live in. Living in space stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them is food. All the meals on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle. Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods such as dried meat that do not need special care. Without the help of gravity, sitting down to eat can be tough. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be very careful to that food does not float away. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"Astronauts can never have a chance to eat fresh food when they live in space station.",
"The Soviet Union sent a total of 9 space stations into space in the 1970s and 1980s.",
"Astronauts could live in the Mir space station for no more than three weeks.",
"Space travel has quite a long history of more than 60 years."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There has never been a better time than now to buy a new piece of technology, such as a computer. Technology usually starts out at a high price, but as time goes by it goes down in price. Now I've found that many new products are at good prices from the st art.There is no question about it This is a buyers' market for sure.! Also, as shopping on the Internet gets saf er , more people are trying to buy things in that way.The Net is where buyers can save money if they know of a few money-saving sites. The first things that a person should do is to compare the prices online stores.Sites such as pricesgrabber.com, techbargains.com, nextag.com and street prices.com will help you decide which store has the lowest price.The differences can be $500-$1000. Remember that many stores also have large discounts on many things at certain times of the year. But I'd rather sit in front of my computer in my comfortable chair of going shopping in crowded places What should come first if you want to shop online ? _
|
[
"Cheap stores",
"Good prices",
"Safe Internet.",
"Good technology"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or a yellow one to wear to work or college makes no difference to your day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood , our career and even our health. Color affects us to a greater degree than most of us realize. Color is used increasingly by doctors for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of medical treatment. Green is a good color if you are not feeling well, and possibly this is why we sometimes give flowers and plants to friends and relatives in hospital. It is also thought that turquoise , a "user-friendly" color, can treat stress and headaches. Companies use color to encourage us to buy their products. For example, purple, which mixes well with red, is used to show that a company has new ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety. So this could be a particularly good combination. Companies have found that certain colors "speak" to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as it is lively and more youthful than colors like gold and navy , which older customers seem to prefer. Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wearing navy or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect. So think carefully before you leave the house or visit a friend with a gift. The colors you choose in both cases are a powerful tool. Are you making the right impression-- on yourself and on others? Purple is used by a company to suggest it's _ .
|
[
"reliable",
"creative",
"powerful",
"communicative"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Limestone is a sedimentary rock and marble is a metamorphic rock. Even though limestone and marble have the same chemical makeup, they are classified as different rocks because they
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday. Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers. "Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors," said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser. WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases. Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer. Rachel Thompson, the WCRF's head of science, said that while the message was simple -- that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help _ many cancers -- it was still a difficult one to get across. The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day. Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don't smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand. "There isn't a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible," Baldini said. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
|
[
"Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers",
"Cancer is a leading cause of death",
"Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases",
"The incidence of common cancers is rising"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Dan investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?",
"Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?",
"Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A drop of red food coloring is added to a bowl of water. Several minutes later, all of the water is red. Which of these describes the change that took place?
|
[
"erosion",
"osmosis",
"diffusion",
"transfusion"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
According to a pH scale, which pH would be the strongest acid?
|
[
"3",
"6",
"9",
"12"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
As the nights get lounger, those who suffer from the winter blues will be planning ways to escape to the sunshine. But there may be a much simpler way of cheering yourself up... simply shining a bright light into your ear canal. Up to one in four Britons suffer from seasonal affective disorder, with seven per cent of the population having full-blown SAD. It is caused by the brain not receiving enough daylight which is needed to trigger serotonin , a hormone that regulates mood. Symptoms range from mild lethargy to depression and insomnia, but a cure might be in sight. Two clinical trials, run by Valkee - who make a device that can shine light into your ear - and the University of Oulu in Finland, have found that carefully targeted light can help prevent the condition. Juuso Nissila, Valkee's co-founder and chief scientist said: "We presented earlier that the human brain is sensitive to light". "These two clinical trials demonstrate that channeling bright light via ear canal into brain's photosensitive areas effectively prevents and treats seasonal affective disorder." The University of Oulu reported that in their first study, 92 per cent of the patients with seasonal affective disorder achieved full remission after a month of daily eight-to-12 minute doses of light from the Valkee. Time Takala, chief physician at the Oulu Deaconess Institute said: "These two trials show that bright light channeled into the brain via ear canal is an important future method to treat seasonal affective disorder." Valkee launched its bright light headset in August 2010. It is classed as a medical device under EU regulations. The device channels bright light direct to the brain via the ear canal to prevent and cure depression, mood swings and even circadian-rhythm disorders such as jet lag. It costs PS185 and looks like an iPod - only the earphones emit light rather than sound. The bright-light headset is _ .
|
[
"a kind of medicine to cure depression",
"a medical device to treat seasonal affective disorder",
"a light that looks like an iPod",
"an iPod that prevents and cures circadian-rhythm disorders"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was in college, a man named Henry worked as a custodian in our student union building. White-haired, with a Pennsylvania Dutch accent, Henry could usually be seen in a baseball cap, a T-shirt and a pair of jeans. He was the custodian, and he was the most respected and most well-known person in the building. Everyone loved Henry, and it was because of all the implicit ways he expressed his love for everyone around him. Henry didn't have to say, "I love you." He lived his love. Henry was always excited when he met someone new, and he wanted to know everything about them. He felt it was important to do things for people he valued. And Henry seemed to value everyone he met. He brought in articles or cartoons for certain people, went out of his way to introduce people to each other, kept dozens of names and birthdays in his wallet so he could send cards, and helped students keep in touch with graduates who had written to him. He even assisted students who didn't have enough money to buy their books. Henry taught me --- and many others he supported --- how to live life to the fullest. Not by skydiving or exploring some foreign countries, but by appreciating where you are in life and valuing those around you. The funny thing is that despite all he did and taught us, Henry truly believed that he was the lucky one --- that he was the one who was gaining so much by getting to know us. But all of us who remember Henry know that we were the ones who were truly blessed. We will never forget the man who taught us that best way to say "I love you" often has little to do with the words. Which of the following word cannot be used to describe Henry?
|
[
"Gracious.",
"Adventurous.",
"Supportive.",
"Sympathetic."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Muscle cells have the ability to store and release large amounts of energy. Which body function is best served by this release of energy?
|
[
"exchanging gases",
"moving body parts",
"absorbing nutrients",
"sending nerve impulses"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
little balls of H2O on the inside of a closed window came from
|
[
"rain",
"condensed water",
"snow",
"ice cream"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Matter that is vibrating is producing ___.
|
[
"gas",
"light",
"sound",
"shadows"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Laura Brent is a manager in an important company. She has three children--the eldest is 10, and youngest is three. "My job was only possible because my husband David was prepared to take my place and become a house husband," she says. More and more couples are finding this arrangement suits them better in today's world, where women are rising to the top of their careers faster and more easily than they did in the past. Many men, on the other hand, like the idea of staying at home and looking after the children. "My children see a lot more of me than I saw of my father when I was young, and I think it's better for them, especially for the boys," says David. "It works just as well for Laura." "Now I can come home from a hard day at work, and immediately relax with the children, instead of having to do the housework and the cooking," she says. Is there anything David misses about going out to work? "Not really. I suppose the worst thing about looking after children and doing the housework is not having a lunch break! It's a lot harder than most men think." What does David think of his job at home?
|
[
"Hard.",
"Easy.",
"Boring.",
"Fun"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest hunger rate. But according to a new report, African farmers also have ideas that could help the world fight hunger and poverty. Danielle Nierenberg from the Worldwatch Institute in Washington spent a year visiting twenty-five countries south of the Sahara. In Nairobi, Kenya, for example, Ms Nierenberg found women farmers growing vegetables just outside their doorsteps in the Kibera settlement. She says they are finding ways to make their lives better. The women feed their families and sell their _ They use the money to send their children to school. Last year, about 925,000,000 people worldwide did not get enough to eat. Half of all people in the world now live in and around cities. Researchers like Ms Nierenberg are looking increasingly at creative ideas to feed those who don't have enough good food to eat. She says there are a lot of lessons that people in the Western world can learn from Africa. And what they are doing can certainly be done in other developing countries. Farmers in the developing world lose between twenty and forty percent of their harvest before it ever reaches market. There are many reasons why food gets wasted. Farmers are without electricity and cold storage. They lack good seeds and fertilizer. They lack good roads. Conditions like these keep small farmers in poverty. Ms Nierenberg says more attention needs to be paid to protecting harvests. She says, "Given all that we invest in producing food in the first place, we need to devote the same amount of attention to making sure that it is not wasted." In Nigeria, village processing centers are helping farmers reduce their losses and earn more money. They centers process cassava, a root vegetable, into basic food products. In Uganda, the Worldwatch report says some schools are teaching children how to grow local kinds of crops. And in South Africa and Kenya the report praises the breeding of local kinds of livestock. These animals may produce less milk or meat than other breeds, but they can survive heat and drought conditions. The best title of this passage should be _ .
|
[
"A New Report About African Farmers Fighting Hunger",
"Creative Ideas to Feed Those Who Have No Enough Food",
"Looking to Africa for Ideas About How to Fight Hunger",
"Animals That Can Survive Heat and Drought Conditions"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Laura prepared to roll a bowling ball down a lane. She swung the ball back with her arm. At the top of her backswing, the ball had a velocity of 0 meters per second (m/s). She swung her arm forward to release the ball down the lane. The ball left her hand with a velocity of 12 m/s. The time it took her to swing the ball forward was 0.5 seconds. What was the average acceleration of the bowling ball during her forward swing?
|
[
"2.4 m/s^2",
"6.0 m/s^2",
"11.5 m/s^2",
"24.0 m/s^2"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
There's one language that is used in every country in the world. It's everyone's second language. It's easy to be understood, although you can't hear it. It's sign language. When you wave to a friend who is crossing the street, you're using sign language. When you raise your hand in class, you're saying, "I think I know the correct answer." Babies can point at things. They're using sign language. A policeman who wants to stop the traffic holds up his hand. He's using sign language, too. Sign language is a bridge between the deaf and non-disabled people. They use the movement of the hand, arms or body to express a speaker's thoughts. Today, in many countries, there are special TV news programs for deaf people. The news reporter tells the news in sign language. At the same time, the words appear on the TV screen. The actors in the theater for the deaf often use their hands to show what they want to say. They can make a roof with their hands over their heads when they want to show "house". One finger over a person's mouth can mean "quiet". You can talk to people behind closed windows. And when you go swimming with your friends, you can have a talk under water with sign language. How will you talk to your friends behind closed windows or under water?
|
[
"We can speak loudly.",
"We can use phones.",
"We can use the movement of our mouths.",
"We can use sign language."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Sleep-disordered breathing" is a term for a group of conditions that can interfere with nornlal breathing while people sleep.These include snoring,mouth-breathing and sleep apnea .Sleep-disordered breathing can do more than just leave people feeling tired the next day.It can also affect people's health.In children the effects can include behavioral and emotional problems. In a new study.1ed by Karen Bonuck at the Einstein College of Medicine.researchers asked parents about their children's breathing from when they were babies up to about age seven.The study finds sleep-disordered breathing is associated with a fifty percent increase in outcomes including hyperactivity ,aggressiveness and problems relating to other children. Ms.Bonuck says the more serious the breathing problems,the more serious the behavioral issues were likely to be.Other studies have:linked sleep with children's behavior,but this study was extensive enough to:reject other possible causes. How well do you sleep?A popular belief is that sleep gets worse with age.But. in another new study,those who reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep were people in their eighties. Researchers did a telephone survey of American aduhs.Michael Grandner at the University of Pennsylvania medical school says the original goal was to confirm that aging is connected with increased sleep problems.The survey did find an increase during middle age,worse in women than men.But except for that,people reported that their sleep quality improved as they got older.At least they felt it did. Mr.Grandner says."Even if sleep among older Americans is actually worse than in younger adults,feelings about it still improve with age." In the study,health problems and depression were linked with poor sleep.But,based on the study.Mr.Grandner says older people who are not sick or depressed should be reporting better sleep."If they're not.they need to talk to their doctor."he says.He says heahtlh care providers generally dismiss sleep complaints from older adults as a normal part of aging. Karen Bonuck thinks sleep-disordered breathing is likely to impact children's _ .
|
[
"hobbies",
"behavior",
"study",
"diet"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can eating a chocolate bar every day really prevent age-related memory loss? No. But a new research shows that large amounts of flavones, substances found in cocoa, tea and some kinds of vegetables, may improve age-related memory failure. Dr. Scott Small is a professor of neurology at Columbia University in new York City He is the lead writer of a research paper describing the effects of cocoa flavones on brain activity His study involved 37 volunteers aged between 50 and 69. Researchers gave them a high-level flavones drink made from cocoa beans or a low-level flavones drink. For a period of three months, some subjects got 900 milligrams of flavones a day. The others got 10 milligrams of flavones each day. Brain imaging and memory tests were given to each study subject before and after the study Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavones drink showed much improvement on memorytests. The researchers warn that more work is needed to be done because this study was performed only on a small group. Dr. Joann Manson is the lead researcher of a four .year study involving 18,000 adults. This study will use flavones capsules The study subjects will be divided into two groups and will take two pills per day. The capsules used will all Look the same. But one group's capsules will contain flavones, while the other group will take capsules made of an inactive substance, or placebo Dr. Manson says it's not necessary for people to start eating more chocolate, because 3 person would have to eat a huge amount of chocolate to get the same level of flavones given to the Lest subjects. He adds many manufacturers have planned to remove the flavones from their chocolate products. Similarity, Dr. says a cocoa-based flavones extract may be developed in the future But he says that more studies are needed to see how much flavones is good for our health Why will Dr. Manson carry out the four-year study?
|
[
"To prove the first experiment is wrong",
"To carry out the experiment further",
"To test how much flavones can improve our memory.",
"To show eating chocolate is better to improve memory."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The sum of all chemical reactions in the human body is known as
|
[
"feedback",
"metabolism",
"dynamic equilibrium",
"biological adaptation"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones , U.S.researchers reported on Thursday. Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer's .University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans."Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen , which we know has many neuroprotective effects," Kinsley said. "It's rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals," he added in a telephone interview."They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes." Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer's and other forms of age-related brain decline. "When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down," said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida. "They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain.If you look at female animals that have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young.But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant--that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations to the brain." What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
|
[
"Estrogen.",
"The hormones of pregnancy.",
"More exercise.",
"Taking care of children."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Emily is riding her bicycle. Which best explains why only some of the energy used to pedal her bicycle is transferred into forward motion of the bicycle?
|
[
"The energy of the bicycle tire is applied in a circular motion.",
"The energy of the bicycle is transferred to only one wheel.",
"The gears and chain of the bicycle are covered with oil.",
"The gears and chain of the bicycle generate friction."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Week by week her list grew: I was very thin, I wasn't a good student, I talked too much, I was too proud, and so on. I tried to hear all this as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, then he asked. "Are the things she says true or not? Janet, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like ? Well, you now have that girl's opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said." I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn't change (like being very thin), but a good number I could--and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I go to fairly clear picture of myself. I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it."That's just for you," he said."You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do." Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice. Why did her father listen to her quietly?
|
[
"Because he believed that what her daughter's \"enemy\" said was mostly true.",
"Because he had been so angry with his daughter's shortcomings that he wanted to show this by keeping silent for a while.",
"Because he knew that his daughter would not listen to him at that moment.",
"Because he wasn't quite sure which girl was telling the truth."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The short answer is "no". Very many people in the world speak their own, native language without having studied its grammar. Children start to speak before they even know the word"grammar". But if you are serious about learning a foreign language, the long answer is "yes, grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly and more efficiently." It's important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar (or system) of a language, you can understand many things yourself, without having to ask a teacher or look in a book. So think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way---like a signpost or a map. Except invented languages like Esperanto . And if Esperanto were widely spoken, its rules would soon be very different. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
|
[
"Grammar is the system of a language.",
"Someone created the grammar first and then people learn the language according to it.",
"Language's developing and forming is a long-term process .",
"There is no language staying the same all the time."
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
*Put sunscreen on before going out in the sun. *Take it with you. *Use it -- after a swim. -- every hour or so while playing outdoors. -- if you get sweaty. *Cover up when the sun is overhead -- 10 a.m.--2 p.m.. -- especially at lunch time. *Get your suntan gradually and not too much. *Controlled exposure to sunshine helps avoid skin cancer. Ask your chemist to recommend a suitable sunscreen. Queensland Cancer Fund P. O. Box Spring Hill, QLD.4000 Phone (07) 8397077 Provided for community awareness by the Queensland Cancer Which statement is TRUE?
|
[
"You should frequently put on sunscreen while playing outdoors.",
"You'll never have skin cancer with controlled exposure.",
"You mustn't stay outside from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.",
"The more you get sunshine, the better your health will be."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which change best matches the sentence?
A river spills over its sides after a lot of rain.
|
[
"wildfire",
"flood",
"volcanic eruption"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Scientists are concerned about the presence of heavy metals like lead and mercury in the environment because
|
[
"heavy metals threaten some forms of life.",
"heavy metals will increase available resources.",
"exposure to heavy metals causes healthy mutations.",
"mining for heavy metals causes environmental stability."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
You would use a lever to move a
|
[
"feather",
"grain of sand",
"drop of water",
"safe"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
erosion caused by wind
breaking a piece of glass
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Too much TV-watching can harm children's ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year -olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don't prove that TV is the cause and don't rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters may watch lots of TV. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per week night during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms What would be the best title for this text?
|
[
"Computers or Television",
"Effects of Television on Children",
"Studies on TV and College Education",
"Television and Children's Learning Habits"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a snake bites you, take a photo with your mobile phone! It may save your life. This is the surprising advice of a British cook. One day Henry Jackson was working in a restaurant kitchen. He picked up a dish from the table, and suddenly a snake appeared... and bit him on the hand. A few days earlier, the snake came to the restaurant from Asia in a box of bananas. It climbed out of the box and hid under the dish. "I went to try to pick it up and it bit me again. I threw it across the kitchen, and it landed in the fridge. So I closed the door," Mr. Jackson said. Anyway, Mr. Jackson stayed cool and he took a photo of the snake with his mobile phone. Soon his hand began to ache and he went to hospital. Then his chest began to hurt. Doctors couldn't say what was wrong because they didn't know what kind of snake it was. Then Mr. Jackson remembered his mobile phone photo. The doctors sent it to London Zoo. When they knew the kind of snake, they could give Mr. Jackson the right medicine, and he left hospital the next day. "So my advice is this: if a snake bites you, pick up your phone. Take its photo first and then show the photo to the doctors," suggests Mr. Jackson. "Oh, and if the snake doesn't smile for its photo, don't worry." It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"it is fun to take photos for snakes",
"the snake is from London Zoo",
"Jackson has a mobile phone with a camera",
"Jackson was a customer of the restaurant"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Divorce is bad for environment US researchers raised a new theory on Monday: divorce is bad for the environment. The global trend toward higher divorce rates has created more households with fewet People,scientists at Michigan State University reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. More households means more houses,fuel and water are Heeded for them,the researchers wrote."Globally,the number of households is increasing much faster than the number of people,"said co-author "Jack" Liu in a telephone interview. "Even in regions with declining population, we see _ increase in the number of households. Divorce is the main reason for reducing the number of people in a household," he said. The average divorced person's household is about 40 to 50 percent smaller than the average married person's household, Liu said. But whether there are three or six people in a house ,the amount of fuel needed to heat them is about the same. In the prefix = st1 /United States, divorced households used 73 billion kilowatt--hours of electricity and 2.850 trillion litres of water in 2005 that could have been saved if households had stayed the same size as when they were married. I the United Statesand 11 other countries between 1998 and 2002, if divorced households had combined to have the same average household size as married households, there could have been 7.4 million fewer households. The number of divorced households in those countries ranged from 40,000 in Costa Ricato almost 16 million in theUnited Statesaround 2000. The number of rooms per person in divorced households was 33 percent to 95 percent greater than in married households. "If you really want to get divorced, maybe you can remarry with somebody else, or live together with somebody else you like", Liu said. In Americawhen the number of households is_, the number of people in a house is .
|
[
"increasing, decreasing",
"decreasing, increasing",
"increasing, increasing",
"decreasing, decreasing"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you want to make friends, what should you do? Steps: Try to look on the bright side of things. Look for groups in your area that do something you are interested in. Maybe you will learn some new skills and meet some people who have many things in common with you. Tips(,): _ your friends at least once a week by telephone or e-mail, or by visiting them to find out how they are. Remember important things about them such as birthdays and weddings . If you have an argument with your friends, say sorry first. Remember never to leave old friends just because you have made some new ones. Listen to others carefully. It's better to be a good listener. Be different. Don't try to change others through your own ideas. Warnings: Never ask or give away a friend's secret. Don't be afraid to stand up for what is right. You'd better not give your ID number, phone number or your home address to people that you have just made friends with. ,A, B, C, D,. (10) Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage?
|
[
"Listen to your friends carefully and keep their secrets.",
"To keep in touch with your new friends, you'd better tell them your phone number or address.",
"If you have an argument with your good friend, you'd better say sorry to him or her first.",
"When you want to make more friends, you should look on the bright side first."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bats are the only flying mammal in the world. They can't see very well. It is long believed, in many places, that all bats are blind . "Blind as a bat" is often heard. Yet they have no trouble flying in the darkest nights and finding their way around. How can bats fly and see at night? They fly by radar . The bat's radar system works the same way as the one that ships and planes use. When a bat flies through the air, it makes sounds that people can't hear. If the sounds hit things, they will come back. The bat's ears can receive the messages. In this way it can know where the things are. Bats go out to look for food at night. In the daytime they stay in some dark places. Some people think bats are bad animals. In fact, they are useful animals. When does the bat begin to go out to look for food?
|
[
"In the daytime.",
"In the early morning.",
"At night.",
"In the late afternoon."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Sonoma County, California, growers are planting grapevines in a new way. As they plant the vines, they add a package of water called DRiWATER. This method of planting grapevines along with the water supply saves time and work. It gives the plant enough water to keep growing. The workers can go on to other chores. DRiWATER is a package of jelled water. It melts slowly, watering the plant for two or three months. DRiWATER is a 100% natural, non-poisonous product used for the long-term watering of plants. It was invented by a well-known food chemist who recognized the potential of a filler product he was using to thicken peanut butter. He tested and applied his theory that water could be released over time as naturally occurring microbes in the soil fed on the filler and released the water into the soil. The inventor, Harold Jensen, tried for a long time to get the right recipe. He and his family worked nights and weekends testing different formulas. Jensen finally found the right formula and patented it. What are the ingredients in DRiWATER? It is made up of 97.85% water, 2% vegetable gum, and 0.15% aluminum sulfate. When the DRiWATER is planted in the soil, the water is released as bacteria eat the jell. Buchanan Vineyard Services has bought ten thousand packages of DRiWATER. They will plant the jelled water with their new grapevines. What about countries like Egypt that have large deserts? Maybe DRiWATER will help grow trees in the desert. Two million trees have been planted near a town in the Sahara Desert. Two quarts were planted with each tree. The tree must live on the water for months until its roots touch ground water. Harold Jensen hopes to see forests spring up in the deserts. This is the reason that he invented DRiWATER. Seedlings, DRiWATER, and desert may be the perfect fit. According to the passage, DRiWATER _ .
|
[
"consists mostly of water",
"has the function of killing bacteria",
"may harm the growth of plants",
"can help grapevines grow faster"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Chandler acquired this trait?
|
[
"Chandler knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Chandler learned how to knit in an after school program."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Directions : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. But it was the boxfish that interested them. "We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic car",says Thomas Weber. He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler. An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency. The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop ,back up and zigzag through the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimler's bionic car is modeled on the fish's boxy skeletal system. Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily. It's efficient too. The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry . Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term. As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies,sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature's best ideas. This month ,the Nature's 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress in Barcelona ,Spain. Benyus co-authored the list of nature inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli. In Zimbabwe ,a country in southern Africa ,engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite mounds . The buildings use vents to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool. A company in Atlanta ,US ,developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus leaf. When the paint dries ,it becomes bumpy ,just like the lotus leaf. Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off ,carrying dirt along with them. Nature has done billions of years of research. Only the best-designed products have survived. Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work ,says Benyus. For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as color1ful. But that doesn 't mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us. Take a walk outside. Watch a squirrel climb up a tree. Look closely at the veins of a leaf. Hear the birds chirping in the trees. Such small details may help solve big problems in the future. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"How Daimler's bionic car came into being.",
"Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.",
"Scientists and inventors' contribution to modern industry comes from nature.",
"The Nature's 100 best list."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
a penny tarnishing
an old sandwich rotting in a trashcan
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Compare the motion of two sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at a higher speed?
|
[
"a sailboat that moved 75kilometers in 5hours",
"a sailboat that moved 90kilometers in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
These days,more and more young people wish to be more beautiful,So they turn to plastic surgery for help.They spend thousands of yuan on these painful surgeries to fix their nose,to change their eyelids or to take off weight from their stomachs. In fact,most people are not pleased with the way they look.Even the most beautiful actresses often wish they could change something about their looks.Should we live our whole lives believing we are ugly? Why can't we raise our head high and believe that we are as beautiful as others? A smile is beautiful on any face,whether fat,oily or hairy.And a kind heart is much more beautiful than a pretty look. So,let's feel grateful that we all have beautiful and healthy bodies that do not need surgeries! Today,I call on you to make an easy change:hold your head high! smile and be kind to others.If you do these,you will be full of confidence ,beauty, and warmth everywhere you go. Which is Not true according to the passage?
|
[
"Actresses never worry about their looks.",
"It costs a lot of money to have plastic surgeries.",
"We only need to make a small change to feel beautiful enough.",
"A good look is less important than a kind heart."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study. For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers' health. But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life. However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people's physical and psychological health. These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages of authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects. For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay. Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety. "This isn't to suggest that having authority is 'bad' -- in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them." researcher Scott Schieman said. Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy physical and mental well-being by creating stress. "These are key stressors that can tax individuals' ability to function effectively," Schieman said. Work will have a negative effect on job authority's health probably because _ .
|
[
"they are not fit for their work",
"they have power over hiring and pay",
"they are faced with severe competition",
"they don't get on well with their co-workers"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There is good news for old people with Alzheimer's disease . As we know, people who have Alzheimer's disease may get lost easily. Sometimes they can't find the way to their home. All the family members must be worried about their safety. Now, some has invented GPS-enabled walking shoes. The shoes are very special and useful. They can help people find old people easily, wherever they go. These walking shoes are especially important for people who are in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease. According to the research, such old people have the highest danger. Let's see some terrible facts. About 60c/o of patients with Alzheimer's disease get lost for days when they go for a walk. Up to half of those who are lost and not found within 24 hours can die outside. If old people wear such shoes , you needn't worry about that. These shoes can help their families to find _ easily if they are lost. So you see, the shoes can ensure old people's safety. These walking shoes are equipped with a GPS device in the heel. The shoes are very comfortable and they look like the shoes that many old people wear. The GPS-enabled walking shoes have a great advantage. Of course, the shoes are suitable for children .Parents can ask them to wear such shoes. Then they can find their children easily. But some children have different ideas. Sometimes, they don't want their parents to know where they are. What will they do? Well... some children say that they will take them off and put them at home. Who are the GPS-enabled walking shoes suitable for?
|
[
"Old people with Alzheimer's disease",
"Students in primary school.",
"Old people who are strong and healthy.",
"Anyone around the world"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ellen Parker was worried about her health. She couldn't walk very quickly and it was difficult for her to climb stairs,she was soon out of breath. "I suppose I had better go to the doctor," she thought. She went to the doctor and told him her problem. "I'm not at all surprised," he said. "It's clear what your problem is." He examined her and then gave her some advice. "If you don't do what I say,Mrs Parker," he said,"then you will have a heart attack. It could kill you. " Ellen was very worried as she left the doctor's. She knew that she had to take his advice but that it would not be easy and that it would take time. The next day she went shopping.The first shop she went into was a butcher's shop. "I'd like ten pounds of steak,please," she said. "Certainly,madam," the butcher replied and went into the cold storage room and found a large piece of steak. He brought the huge piece of meat back into the shop and placed it on the scale . "That's just under ten pounds," he said. The butcher worked out the price. "At $4.99 a pound that will be $45.50 please. Shall I cut it up into small pieces for you?" "Oh,I don't want to buy the meat," Mrs Parker said. "If you don't want to buy it," the butcher replied,"why did you ask me to get it for you?" "I just wanted to see what 10 pounds of meat looked like. " Mrs Ellen Parker asked for ten pounds of steak because _ .
|
[
"she wanted to buy some for dinner",
"she wanted to lose weight",
"her doctor asked her to do so",
"she wanted to know the size of 10-pound meat"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A teacher showed three toys to his students and asked them to find out the differences. All the three toys seemed to have the same shape, size and material. After looking at them carefully, the students discovered holes in the toys. The first toy had holes in the ears. The second toy had holes in its ear and mouth. The third toy had only one hole in one of its ears. Then the teacher put a needle in one ear hole of the first toy. The needle came out of the other ear. For the second toy, when the needle was put in its ear , it came out of its mouth. And for the third toy, when the needle was put in, it did not come out. So the teacher explained to his students," The first toy represent those people who seem to be listening to you and caring for you. But they are just pretending to do so. After listening, as the needle comes out from the next ear, the things you said to them are gone. In fact, they don't care for you at all." "The second toy represents those people who listen to you and care for you. But as in the toy, the needle comes out from mouth, these people will use what you tell them to fight against you. They tell others what you said and tell your secrets for their purposes." "As for the third toy, the needle does not come out. It represents those people who will keep the trust you put in them. They are the ones that you can believe." People who use the words you told them to hurt you are like _ .
|
[
"the first toy",
"the second toy",
"the third toy",
"the fourth toy"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last March, the H7N9 virus hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected with H7N9 had the common flu . Some people suffered from a fever or a cough. Don't be afraid--it's not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes. Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses. Cover your nose and mouth. When someone sneezes or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you'd better stand a proper distance while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands. Wear a mask . Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but if you don't wash your hands often, it's no use wearing a mask. And it's necessary to wear the mask in the groups of people. Do sports often. Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus. What's the main idea of this passage?
|
[
"It tells us how to wash hands.",
"It tells us why we should use masks.",
"It gives us some advice on how to protect ourselves when the H7N9 virus comes.",
"It tells us what the H7N9 virus is."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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