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Laura Brent is a manager in an important company. She has three children--the eldest is 10, and youngest is three. "My job was only possible because my husband David was prepared to take my place and become a house husband," she says. More and more couples are finding this arrangement suits them better in today's world, where women are rising to the top of their careers faster and more easily than they did in the past. Many men, on the other hand, like the idea of staying at home and looking after the children. "My children see a lot more of me than I saw of my father when I was young, and I think it's better for them, especially for the boys," says David. "It works just as well for Laura." "Now I can come home from a hard day at work, and immediately relax with the children, instead of having to do the housework and the cooking," she says. Is there anything David misses about going out to work? "Not really. I suppose the worst thing about looking after children and doing the housework is not having a lunch break! It's a lot harder than most men think." Who does most of the housework in the family?
|
[
"Laura.",
"David.",
"The children.",
"David's parents."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which conclusion is best supported by a tree-growth ring that is much narrower than the other growth rings?
|
[
"Crops grew well that year.",
"One year was unusually dry.",
"The tree was planted long ago.",
"The area used to have more trees."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
A plant will get more light energy
|
[
"if it drinks power drinks",
"if the trees cover it",
"if it gets more rain",
"if the leaves are bigger"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted--being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer! About a year ago, NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens. Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype that begins by creating a single slice of dough that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato "sauce" -- a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn't show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds. While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not. Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars! Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
|
[
"To ask us not to take common things for granted.",
"To show they live a difficult life there.",
"To show their life is boring in space.",
"To introduce the topic of the text."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What's a good friend like? One may have different answers to this question at different ages. When he is very young, he may think a good friend must be together with him all day. And they can share everything together. If his friend doesn't give him food to eat once, he doesn't think they are good friends any more. But they will play together happily again very soon. When he grows older and studies in a middle school, his idea about a good friend changes. He thinks a good friend should be helpful and honest. A good friend should always help him with his lessons. A good friend should come to him when he is sad. And he is always ready to tell everything to his friend. If his friend tells others about his secrets, he may hate the friend. When he grows up, he may not think it's necessary for a good friend to be always honest. Everyone has his secrets. If the truth may hurt the friend, it's better to keep it secret from him than tell him about it. And he may think a good friend can give him some good advice when he has problems. He comes to understand that he shouldn't just ask friends for help and that he should also learn to do something for his friends. The writer thinks when a person is very young, _ .
|
[
"he doesn't have any friends",
"he has a poor memory",
"he usually likes generous friends",
"he doesn't want others to share his food"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks. All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are somethings you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it _ into a panic attack. Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened feelings of anxiety. There are two main symptoms during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus. In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it's more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So it's not the "bad guy", you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred vision, difficulty in breathing due to a tight chest. The best way to different anxiety from any serious illness is to ask a medical expert for advice on a regular basis. A victim of anxiety attacks may have the symptoms that _ .
|
[
"he doesn't want to have anything to eat",
"he has trouble in hearing and vision",
"he is always worried about others",
"he can't pay attention to what he does"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Platinum is ().
|
[
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It's hard to track the blue whale, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the US Navy, they are able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days recording its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy's former top secret system of underwater listening devices across the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely observing a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they planned similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in the ocean and global temperatures. Different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient's chest to a doctor's ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles. The deep-sea listening system makes use of _ .
|
[
"the ability of sound to travel at high speed",
"the top-level technology of focusing sounds under water",
"the unique characteristic of layers of ocean water in carrying sound",
"low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is least likely to exchange damage from heat with it's surroundings?
|
[
"A sheep",
"a car",
"A lake",
"A dead grove"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object in our solar system reflects light and is a satellite that orbits around one planet?
|
[
"Earth",
"Mercury",
"the Sun",
"the Moon"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The dark chocolate is one of the favourite food choices by many.The taste is simply irresistible,the smell is tempting and the feel of every bite is surely what you are craving for. Aside from the taste,you simply cannot resist it because it has a lot of benefits when it comes to your health.Our health is our priority when it comes to the choice of our foods.If you worry that the chocolate is bad for your health then here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate to health especially when taken with the right amount every day. First of all,it contains a component called flavonoid which acts as an antioxidant . _ The antioxidants are also good for the heart.Studies have shown that people who ate foods rich in antioxidants have low incidence of heart diseases. Aside from the antiaging and healthy heart benefits,the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol to as high as 10%.Lowering of blood pressure in patients of high blood level is good because it will lower the risks of stroke and certain health crisis.Low levels of blood cholesterol are also good for the heart and take away the risk of blood vessels which may harden for too much cholesterol in them. Lastly,do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after jogging?This feeling is like extreme happiness.Dark chocolates will give you the feeling of pleasure and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you,then a chocolate can be a mood lifter.It is an antidepressant.Usually when we feel so bad,we would crave to eat more food.If you are looking for something to eat during your bad moments try to take a bite from a dark chocolate and feel good somehow after it. These are commonly the effects of chocolates to health.It can benefit you especially if taken in moderate amounts.Approximately,100 grams of chocolate or less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much,try to lessen on your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide to you. What is the purpose of the author writing this text?
|
[
"To introduce the black chocolate to patients with high blood level.",
"To encourage us to eat as many chocolates as we can.",
"To introduce the black chocolate and its health effects.",
"To increase the sale of the black chocolate."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Reading new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, Where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. "My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water." He says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York's municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate over the profits. A restaurant's typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it's often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren't available in stores, most dines don't notice or care. As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the dinners if they want it. Regardless of how it's sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?
|
[
"Bottled water brings in huge profits.",
"Competition from the wine industry is intense.",
"Most diners find bottled water affordable.",
"Bottled water satisfied diners' desire to fashionable."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It has always been said that women are not good drivers, because they simply don't have very good driving ability. On the other hand, most car accidents happen to men; very few happen to women. From this, we can see that women are much more careful while driving. Another very interesting fact that we should point out is that in the past, women preferred to let their husbands be the only driver in the family rather than have a driving license. Somehow they were prevented from making this step in their lives, but nowadays there are many women that want to pass their driving tests from an early age. However, we have to admit that men are more skillful drivers than women, but this does not mean that a woman cannot become a good driver by accumulating experience. So more and more teenagers and women around the age of thirty now want to pass their driving tests. While taking their driving lessons, they also have a number of special lessons with their parents or somebody in the family that has a driving license, this is just to improve their driving abilities and help them to pass the tests more easily. To conclude, we can say that women are not such bad drivers. They just need more experience than men in order to be able to drive well. And on the other hand, there are a number of women that show better driving skills than the men around them. What advantage do women have over men in driving?
|
[
"They have more skills.",
"They are much more careful",
"They know more traffic rules",
"They have more driving experience"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Exercise is an important part of a healthy life. It reduces your risk of heart attack and is a good way to control body weight. It is also something you can do with other people, which can be great fun. So, it is important to find time to exercise and be healthier. As well as making time to exercises, another way is to build it into the natural rhythm of your day. * Go for a walk on your lunch break. Try to find at least three different ways and change them throughout the week. It might even be possible to find a place to walk inside, for those bad weather days. * Talk to your employers about improving health at work. Encourage your workers to cycle to and from work. You might also be able to encourage them to set up a gymnasium. Sell the idea by pointing out that doing so will improve productivity , and make workers happy. * If you are a student. Go for walks with friends to talk about your studies. Spend some time in the learning resource centre reading about sport, exercise and health. The more you know, the more choices you will have about how to be physically active. Most colleges have sport and exercise programs that students can take part in. Find out which activities are being held, and try those you think you might enjoy. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"walk is most suitable for those who work indoors",
"one who knows more about health will be healthier",
"exercising with others will be better for one's health",
"combining exercise with daily work can save time to keep healthy"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student boils 100 grams of water to form water vapor (gas). What method should the student use to determine that the mass of the water vapor is equal to 100 grams?
|
[
"measuring the amount of water vapor (gas) in the air",
"collecting the water vapor (gas) and cooling it back to a liquid",
"weighing the beaker before and after the water is boiled",
"comparing the temperature of the boiling water to the temperature of the water vapor (gas)"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics. Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save and maybe even invest it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest . That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up. Parents give their children allowance to _ .
|
[
"show off their wealth",
"let them make more money",
"let children manage family finance",
"learn the value of money"
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hummingbirds have got their name from the distinct "hum" sound made by their rapidlyflapping wings. The size of the bird decides the number of flaps it can do. The average lifetime of a hummingbird is 3 or 4 years, but some of them have lived beyond 12 years also. They are unique in many ways. Besides the number of rapid flaps they can do per second, they can also fly backwards. Hummingbirds have an amazing sense of assessing the amount of sugar in thenectar they eat. They feed on the nectar of flowers. Hummingbirds do not feed on flowers whose nectar contains less than 10% sugar. Talk about a sweet tooth! As they cannot sustain themselves on nectar alone because of its poor nutritional value, they also feed on insects and spiders, and hummingbird food mixture that one can make at home. Attracting hummingbirds to your garden will require a little planning. Plant butterfly bush, mimosa, coral bells, foxglove, morning glory, etc. These flowers attract the hummingbirds due to their highvisibility and nectar production. Avoid usingpesticides , as it will not only kill the insects around the flowers, but hurt the hummingbirds as well. A common food for these birds is the sweettastingsugar syrup . Hummingbird food ingredients are just two: sugar and water. Take a large clean bowl, pour in it four cups of hot water, and dissolve one cup of table sugar in it. Stir slowly until all sugar has dissolved. Hummingbirds, tiny as they are, collect a lot of nutrition. Providing them with hummingbird food mixture made of sugar water is a sure way to get all these beauties humming in your garden. In order to attract hummingbirds, you should _ .
|
[
"plan high trees",
"grow plants with small flowers",
"grow plants whose flowers are bright in color",
"grow plants coming into flower in the morning"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Young women who take part in beauty contests are helping to keep alive an outdated opinion of women that a woman's most important value is how she looks. Women have been working very hard through the years to change their image. They have been trying to prove that the value of a woman does not lie only in her beauty. The world is just beginning to recognize that women are as smart, wise and strong in personality as men are, and that there are qualities more important than looks when judging people. When women take part in beauty contests for top prizes, they encourage people to value them for their beauty alone. It is unfair to say that beauty alone determines one's worth. Beauty contests not only encourage spectators to judge women by their appearance, but they encourage this idea in the contestants as well. These young women spend months losing weight to be the "right" size and learning how to dress, wear makeup, and walk just right so that some judges will consider them beautiful. I think it's great for a woman to feel good about her appearance, but looks shouldn't be sought after in an extreme or unreasonable way. There are too many other, more important, things in a young woman's life: learning, developing friendships and preparing for their future work and perhaps a family. As long as there are beauty contests, women won't be fully recognized as well-rounded human beings. What do women usually do in preparation for beauty contests?
|
[
"Learn about their personality.",
"Do everything for their bodies.",
"Choose the right size dresses.",
"Develop friendship with spectators."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Venus is known as the Earth' "twin" because the planets are so like each other in size. The diameter of Venus is about 7,520 miles (12,100km), about 400 miles (644km) smaller than that of the earth. No other planet comes closer to the earth than Venus. At its nearest approach it is about 25,000,000 miles (402,000,000km) away. As seen from the earth, Venus is the first planet or star that can be seen in the western sky in the evening. At other times, it is the last planet or star that can be seen in the eastern sky in the morning. When Venus is near its brightest point, it can be seen in the daylight. Early astronomers called the object that appeared in the evening Hesperus, and Phosphorus in the morning. Later they realized these two objects were the same planet. They named it Venus in honor of the Roman goddess of love and beauty. Which of the following is NOT a fact about Venus?
|
[
"It's the nearest neighboring planet of the earth.",
"It used to be called Phosphorus and Hesperus.",
"It's usually 25,000,000 miles away from the earth.",
"It can sometimes be seen together with the sun in the sky."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Most humans can sense many different smells.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
(Ann goes to Jack's house for supper.) Jack: Would you like some dumplings, Ann? Ann: No, thanks. Jack: Do you like soup? Ann: Yes, I do. But I don't like fish. My favourite food is noodles. Jack: I like noodles, too. But my favourite food is dumplings. Jack's mother: Would you like some rice, Ann? Ann: Yes, please. Jack: We often eat rice for supper. I like to put sugar on it. Would you like some? Ann: Yes. Mmm...It's delicious! ,56-57 Ann's favourite food is _ .
|
[
"dumplings",
"noodles",
"fish",
"rice"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What can you do on the Internet? Many of us like to read the news, buy things and play games. Some students now have a new use for the Internet - helping them with their homework. Tina, 14, from Shenzhen, Guangdong, often searches online for the answers to her math problems. She said sometimes she and even her parents don't know the answers to the problems, so she has to turn to the Internet. "I can see how other people work out these problems and learn from them," Tina said. "It's easy and saves time." But not all the students welcome this. Leo, 15, from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, thinks it may make students stop thinking. "We should think over the problems first. Simply copying the answers won't improve our abilities. " he said. In the eyes of Wang Zhaoming, a Shanghai teacher, the success of all this is down to the students. If they use the Internet properly , it could be a good tool for study, Wang said. "Students should first think about the problems by themselves. As for the online answers, they should choose the best among different ones. The most important thing is to know the logic behind the answers," he said. "Don't be shy to ask teachers and classmates the next day if you don't understand the answer." In Leo's opinion, searching online for the answers may _ .
|
[
"make students simply copy the answers instead of thinking",
"help solve the problems between students and their parents",
"be a good tool of study if students use the Internet properly",
"improve the students' different abilities"
] | 0A
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes. The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much .Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give one or two words as a translation of English. But one English word has many English translations in Chinese. The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them often, When they are reading these students first try to get the general idea and understand the new words from the context .Then they read and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. Also if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form or a verb might have an unusual past form, they check these in a dictionary. The writer tends to think that_.
|
[
"Choose a good dictionary, and you will succeed in learning English",
"Dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English",
"it is very important for the students to use good dictionaries properly .",
"using dictionaries very often can't help to improve writing"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Percy acquired this trait?
|
[
"Percy rides his bicycle to school.",
"Percy's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle.",
"Percy and his mother both ride bicycles."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Dear friend, For the past 17 years, you have been my best friend. I remember that you told me you were called Cigarette because of your features. You have seen me through difficult times, happy times and just about every stage of my life. You have always been here when I need you. Some of my family and friends didn't like you so much, but I've always been on your side. I thought you were a great friend, and I _ you at all times, especially when I was not very happy. It's hard for me to tell you this, but in the past few months, I have been seriously thinking about ending our relationship. I think that I've just been too dependent on you, and I feel that at the age of 35 I should start being more independent. I thought about just maybe seeing you once in a while, but I don't think that would work. Eventually, I'd start relying on you all the time again. I feel the only way to end our relationship is to end it forever. I've always included you in everything I've done. But next week, I'm going on a trip, and I've decided not to take you along. I feel this would be a good time to break up. I will be gone for a whole week without you and if I can make it on my own for that week, I know I can make it forever. It is a little sad for me knowing that I won't be able to rely on you any more, but I think I will be a better person in the end. According to the passage, the "letter-receiver" _ .
|
[
"is the author's girlfriend",
"has done harm to the author for years",
"will feel sad when reading the letter",
"will never leave the author"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Paula Radcliffe, chasing a third London marathon title , says she has became a stronger person after her terrible experience at the 2004 Athens Gaines. Radcliffe, who failed to complete the Olympic marathon and the 10,000m last August, said: "Athens made me a stronger person and it made me care less about criticism " "In the past I wanted to please everyone, but now I am going to listen even more to the people around me." She didn't care about criticism made at the weekend by Liz McColgan, who felt Radcliffe should have rested and let her body recover after her failure inprefix = st1 /Athens. "Liz is someone I look up to but she hasn't spoken to me since last year and if she really eared for me, I'm sure she would have contacted me." Instead Radcliffe won the New York City marathon just 11 weeks afterAthens. "In New York I wasn't in my best state but I did know I was good enough to win the Radcliffe insisted her only goal in Sunday's race would be winning a third title and not chasing world records. However, RadcIiffe has not ruled out m the future chasing her "final" world record time and questioned sayings that marathon runners have the ability in their career to produce only four or five world-class times. "I don't think that -- although _ ," said. RadcLiffe. "That changes from person to person." Radcliffe is sure she can better her winning London 2003 performance at some point in the future. Following a successful three-month training period in theUnited States, the 31-year-old will chase a third title on Sunday after her first victory in 2O02 and again 12 months later. Radcliffe clocked a time of 2:18:56 in her first 42.2-kdnmetre race three years ago. Afterwards she set a "mixed course" mark of 2:17:18 five months later In Chicago before lowering that to a time of 2:15:25 m the 2003Londonevent. What can we learn from Radcliffe's story?
|
[
"Practice makes perfect.",
"Well begun is half done.",
"A friend in need is a fried indeed.",
"Where there is a will there is a way."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?
|
[
"a squirrel climbing a tree",
"a rabbit feeding its young",
"a frog eating an insect",
"a bird migrating south"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Tigers eat animals.",
"Pine trees have green leaves."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
People usually talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Scientists think that there are also two kinds of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of lights people usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Sociable people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colors are green, blue and violet. These colors, unlike warm colors, are relaxing. Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue. Red may be exciting, but one scientist says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He says that a warm color, such as red or orange, is good color for a living room or restaurant. People who are resting or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colors are better for offices or factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly. The best title of this passage should be _ .
|
[
"Warm Colors and Cool Colors",
"People and Colors",
"Sociable People Like Warm Colors",
"Places and Colors"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dr. Glenn Tisman, a cancer specialist, knew his young neighbor, Ray Bateman, had an unusual mind. But he had no idea at the time that 12 - year - old Ray had the ability to become his partner in cancer research. Ray's parents remembered that at age four, Ray surprised them by fixing a broken vacuum cleaner . When he was ten, he speedily constructed the family color television from a kit. Later, he succeeded in assembling a complex stereo system after two experts had failed to do the job. When Ray was ten, he convinced his parents to buy him a computer. In a short time, Ray was able to do amazing things with the computer. Ray shared his enthusiasm for computers with Dr. Tisman, who used a computer for his research. The two discussed computers and medicine frequently. Amazingly, Ray understood the biology and chemistry related to Dr. Tisman's medical research without any previous instruction. Ray then worked with Dr. Tisman after school. He helped conduct research with the equipment and kept it in working order. The purpose of the research was to test the effectiveness of mixing an old cancer drug with certain vitamins. Ray analyzed patient test results by computer, while Dr. Tisman handled all patient contact. Together, they came up with solid research that helped advance cancer treatment. In 1988, 14 - year - old Ray went with Dr. Tisman to a meeting of the American Federation for Clinical Research(AFCR), where Ray presented their initial research findings. Using terminology beyond the grasp of most kids his age, Ray told the scientists how the new drug mixture caused fewer and milder side effects for cancer patients. A year later, Ray returned to the meeting to update the findings of his and Dr. Tisman's research. By then, he had become well - known for his devotion to finding cures for sick patients. Stories about him appeared in hundred of newspapers around the world. He appeared on television newscasts and talk shows. Ray continued to spend most free hours working with Dr. Tisman. The two began studying the effects of vitamins on babies inside the womb . However, Ray's main interest remained cancer treatment, and he continues his research today. What do we know about Dr. Tisman?
|
[
"He succeeded in finding cures for cancer.",
"He made a new discovery in cancer treatment.",
"He convinced Ray to become a partner of him.",
"He taught Ray knowledge related to his research."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough. Moreover, it finds, the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what we're eating doesn't necessarily end when a meal is over. Rose Cooperfrom England, and her colleagues gathered 22 men and an equal number of women for an experiment. Each person dined alone, continuously receiving nine small shares of food items. These ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots, cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls. Because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness, the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computer--and to gain as many wins as possible at the "card" game. Everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal. According to their instructions, the participants ate all of the food given to them. Yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had. Game players also swallow down twice as many cookies, almost an hour later, when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted (in the name of a taste test). The British scientists present their findings in the February American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking. It appears, the scientists say, that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies. Interestingly, eight years ago, Britta Barkeling of Huddinge University in Stockholm and her colleaguesreportedsomewhat related findings. Their 18 overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch, on one day--because they were blindfolded. Compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on, these people consumed only three quarters as many calories. Yet even hours afterward, they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates. Of course dining in the dark isn't practical. And sometimes what we eat doesn't really invite our attention. But there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources, a risk to our waistlines--and a costly threat to health. Which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining?
|
[
"Viewing your food.",
"Blindfolding your eyes.",
"Playing computer games.",
"Eating by oneself."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The red crab lives on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean and has been found nowhere else in the world. But on its homeland it is a very significant species -- some 120 million individuals cover the rain forest floor and play a major role in determining the structure of the ecosystem. These large crabs are active during the day but prefer to stay in the shade and can die in the heat of direct sunlight. They feed on fallen leaves, seeds, fruits and flowers, recycling nutrients and helping to determine the spread and composition of native plants. Most of the year the red crabs live in the holes they dig throughout the forest. During the dry season they hide in these shelters to keep their body wet and remain there for two to three months. But when wet season returns in October or November they begin a legendary mass migration to their seaside breeding grounds, moving in color1ful wave that wash over all obstacles like roads (including special passages and some closed roads built for the red crab) and even seaside cliffs. The annual migration is also closely tied to the lunar schedule. The crabs arrive at the coast and breed at such a time that the females can produce eggs and develop them in caves for a dozen or so days before carrying them into the sea exactly when high tide turns between the last quarter and new moon. During this period sea level on the beaches varies the least and offers an easier approach, which is so important that if the weather delays the migration crabs will put off laying eggs until the next lunar month. Red crab eggs grow right away, and the young live in the sea for a month before returning to the coast, changing into air breathers, and slowly returning inland to begin the cycle once again. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"red crabs migrate by swimming in color1ful ocean waves",
"the islanders are friendly to the migrating crabs",
"red crabs live in the holes all the year round",
"people have built special shelters for red crabs"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which provides the oldest evidence for oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere?
|
[
"the earliest fossils of animals",
"the earliest sediments of oxidized rock",
"impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids",
"extensive volcanic calderas of similar age"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Where Oliver lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.
|
[
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"luna moth",
"carp",
"toucan",
"koala"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Ann is a 13-year-old girl. She doesn't like popular music. One of her friends asks her, "What do you think of Wang Lihong and his popular music?" "Who is Wang Lihong? I don't know him." Ann says, "I like classical music." Her friend looks at her surprisingly and says, "Classical music is for old people. We can't stand it. We like cool things." Ann doesn't know why her friend says that. When she goes home, she talks to her father. "Dad, am I strange?" "I don't think so. Why do you ask that?" "Because my friends can't stand classical music, but I like it." "Never mind , Ann. You don't need to do what other people do. Everyone has different _ . Some of them are popular, but others are not." What can we know from the passage?
|
[
"Ann's like is different from her friends'.",
"Ann talks with her father about her friends.",
"Ann knows why her friend looks at her surprisingly.",
"Ann's friend thinks classical music is for young people."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Mark acquired this trait?
|
[
"Mark won a competition at his school with his jump rope tricks.",
"Mark has three jump ropes, each made of a different material.",
"Mark's sister taught him how to do tricks with a jump rope."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you don't want people to know too much about you, then you had better keep your fridge contents secret, according to a British market research document released last week. Researchers peered into the fridges of 400 people in Britain and compared the contents with the owners' lifestyles. They claim to be able to classify the nation's people by fridge contents. They say those people can be separated into five categories:nutrition nerds (no social sense), food faddiest (whatever's in style), martyr mums, fast food fanatics and restaurant regulars. Nutrition nerds care much about what they put into their bodies. Their fridges are stocked with fruit, vegetables and healthy meat. People in this category tend to be highly organized and usually work in law or accountancy. The vast majority is single, but if they have a partner, that person will be similar. A fridge full of vitamins -- enriched juices implies its owner works in media or fashion. They tend not to eat the foods they buy. Known as the food faddiest, they just want to be seen as purchasing the latest important things. A fridge filled with everything from steak to frozen fish suggests the martyr mum. Her fridge tends to be stocked with every kind of product, except what she herself would want. This fridge hints at difficulty balancing family and work life. Fast food fanatics always buy mineral water or soda pop. The nearest they will get to fresh fruit is tomato sauce. Their fridges hint at someone who works hard and plays hard, also, someone who is not into long term planning. Finally, a fridge filled with nothing more than a bottle of white wine and some sparkling mineral water implies an owner who is single, lives in a big city and enjoys the finer things in life. The fridge is empty because this person regularly eats in restaurants. What will those who often dine out put in the fridge?
|
[
"All kinds of food they like.",
"Only something to drink.",
"Fruit, vegetables and meat.",
"Food rich in vitamins."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the most likely outcome of the Moon moving away from Earth?
|
[
"A lunar day is shorter.",
"A lunar eclipse lasts longer.",
"Earth moves closer to the Sun.",
"Earth's tides decrease in size."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
People around the world used their computers to buy goods, communicate with others, listen to music, see pictures and learn about different places and ideas. In 2006, more people around the world used new ways to communicate and connect with each other through the Internet. The blog is one form of communication that enjoys growing popularity. Blog is a short way of saying Web log. Through these personal websites, people can share their experiences, ideas and opinions with anyone on the Internet. People of all ages have their own blogs. For young people, they are a way to show their writings and other forms of self-expression. Many websites offer free services to create personal Web pages and fill them with writings and pictures. These sites include "MySpace" used mainly by teenagers and young adults. My Space is an online community that lets people share messages and pictures with an increasing number of friends. It is the most popular social networking site on the Web. YouTube is another Internet site that became more popular this year. This website lets anyone create, share and watch short videos. People can watch almost anything on YouTube: news, sports and entertainment events. There are music videos, and videos made by people in their own homes. These include videos of people singing or dancing, or animals doing funny things. Three young men created YouTube almost two years ago as a personal video sharing service. They recently sold it to Google for more than one and one half billion dollars. Games and entertainment also became a larger part of the Internet this year. One Internet social site is called Second Life. It is an online world in which computer users create a new self and live a different life. They get married, build homes, operate businesses, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school. People all around the world use blogs to _ .
|
[
"buy goods",
"express themselves",
"listen to music",
"watch videos"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which glas of orange juice has a higher temperature?
|
[
"the glass of orange juice with more thermal energy",
"the glass of orange juice with less thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
While at the park today, Sam noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.
|
[
"climate",
"weather"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The part of a cell that separates the interior from the outside provides
|
[
"nutrients",
"support",
"food",
"energy"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following does not affect the strength of an electromagnet?
|
[
"number of times the wire is looped around the core",
"size of the object being attracted by the core",
"type of material in the core",
"amount of material in the core"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Where Eve lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Cloning is suggested as a means of bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed tragically. Some parents can understand that wish, but it must first be recognized that the copy would be a new baby and not the lost child. Here lies the difficulty, for the sad parents are seeking not a new baby but a return of the dead one. Since the original would be fondly remembered as having particular talents and interests, would not the parents expect the copy to be the same? It is possible, however, that the copy would develop quite differently. Is it fair for the new child to be placed in a family with such unnatural expectations? Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of their dreams. Couples might choose to have a copy of a film star, baseball player or scientist, depending on their interest. But because personality is only partly the result of genetic inheritance , conflicts would be sure to come up if the cloned child failed to develop the same interests as the original. What if the copy of Einstein shows no interest in science? Or the baseball player turns to acting? Success also depends upon fortune. What if the child does not live up to the hopes and dreams of the parents simply because of bad luck? Every baby should be wanted for itself, as an individual. In making a copy of oneself or some famous person, a parent is carefully specifying the way he or she wishes that child to develop. In recent years, particularly in the United States, much importance has been placed on the right of individuals to reproduce in ways that they wish. So I suggest there is a greater need to consider the interest of the child and to refuse these suggested uses of cloning. What, in the author's opinion, affects the success of parents' dreams?
|
[
"The efforts of the parents.",
"The cloned child's personality.",
"The cloned child's interest in Einstein.",
"The cloned child's natural talent."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Seals eat fish.",
"Avocado trees have green leaves."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Are you carrying too much on your back at school? You're not alone. Back experts in the USA were worried that young students are having back and neck problems because they are carrying too much in their backpacks (schoolbags). "It hurts my back when I run," said Eglin Reyes, a student in Virginia. "It's hard to get up the stairs with my backpack because it's too heavy." Students have to carry heavy backpacks on their backs for a whole week's study. Beeline is one of them. They have regular backpacks with two straps to carry them, but a number of students with heavy loads have switched to rolling backpacks. The backpacks have wheels and can roll on the ground. Shirley Park's backpack weighs 10 kilos, and she said, "I'll change to a rolling backpack because I am starting to have back pain." How much is too much? Experts say that students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight. A few students have had a good idea to lighten the load: Less homework. Doctor's suggestions: *Lighten the load. Take home only the books the students need that night. *Wide straps are better. They can send out weight over your shoulders and be sure to wear backpacks with two straps. *The heaviest things should be packed closest to the back. *Bend both knees when you pick up the pack, don't just bend the waist . If a child carries a heavy school bag , _
|
[
"his back and neck will be hurt",
"his head and arms will be hurt",
"his hands will be hurt",
"his feet will be hurt"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a thing is going between liquid and solid, it is likely to
|
[
"visit a school",
"be a door",
"become less heavy",
"measure consistently"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Mixing eggs, oil, and vinegar to make mayonnaise is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A battery that is placed in vinegar will cause the vinegar to
|
[
"be a good chemical copy",
"have new chemical properties",
"be safe to drink",
"attract groups of deer"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
China's economy grows,salaries rise;and more city residents feel the need to hit the road in what has become a symbol of individuality and freedom--a car.China has a growing love affair with the car.This is clear at the Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange,where more and more people come to look and,increasingly,to buy. The Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange is the biggest car dealership inBeijing.General manager Guo Yong says the business sells more than 2,000 cars each week.Guo says it is much easier for Chinese consumers to buy a car now.Also,the emergence of less expensive domestic brands like Chery and BYD means more Chinese can afford cars. For decades,most Chinese city residents have got about by bicycle or public buses and trains.Now,in many areas,the number of new cars is growing faster than the road system,leaving city streets jammed with traffic. Guo Liang has wanted to buy a car for a decade,and he will be the first in his family to own one.He is not prevented by Beijing's traffic jams.Guo says if the traffic is too bad,he will use the ear for leisure or holidays with his family. World Bank transportation specialist Shomik Mendhiratta says a car is something people in any society would be eager to own."Getting a car makes people feel like they have arrived in the middle class."Mendhiratta said."It has got a huge status associated with it.It's a fantastic thing to have,if you have never had a car.A car gives you a mobility that's unbelievable." What contributes to the affordability of cars,according to the passage?
|
[
"Factories produce more cars.",
"The prices of imported cars are lower.",
"There are more foreign car factories.",
"Some domestic cars are not so expensive."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A consumer is unable to produce its own what?
|
[
"offspring",
"children",
"emotions",
"sustenance"
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What can cause a moving object to increase its speed in a forward direction?
|
[
"a force pushing on the object from the opposite direction",
"a force that continually acts on the object in the direction the object is moving",
"an increase in the mass of the object",
"a decrease in the mass of the object"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why can some people sleep through noises like a honking car or flushing toilet, while others are awakened by the lightest sound? To find the answer, sleep researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital conducted an unusual study of 12 self-described deep sleepers. After tests confirmed that the healthy volunteers were solid sleepers, they took part in a three-night study in the university's sleep laboratory. The participants spent the night in a big and comfortable room. But the room also included four speakers positioned near the top of the bed. During the night, the deep sleepers were subjected to 14 different recorded sounds, like street traffic, toilets flushing, an ice machine dispensing and an airplane flying overhead. Next door, the researchers monitored their sleep patterns and brain waves. As expected, all of the participants slept ly well, but there were differences in how they responded to the noisy interruptions. Some of the sleepers didn't wake up even when a sound was blasted at 70 decibels ; others were awakened by sounds at 40 or 50 decibels. The researchers discovered that the difference in a sleeper's reaction to noise could be predicted by the level of brain activity called "sleep spindles''. A sleep spindle is a burst of high-frequency brain activity coming from deep inside the brain during sleep. The source of the spindles is the thalamus, a part of the brain that sends sensory information to the rest of the cortex . Before the study, the Massachusetts researchers theorized that the spindles are the brain's way of preventing sensory information from passing through the thalamus and waking the rest of the brain during sleep. They found that the sleepers who experienced the most sleep spindles during the night were also the soundest sleepers and were least likely to be awakened by noise. Scientists already know that most people become lighter sleepers with age, most likely because older people experience less "slow wave sleep'', which is the deepest stage of sleep. People also produce fewer sleep spindles as they age. But even when controlling for the stage of sleep a person was in, the number of sleep spindles still predicted their risk for awakening because of noise. More research is needed, but the findings suggest that a better understanding of sleep spindles could lead to new behavioral or drug therapies for people with sleep disorders. For instance, future studies may try to determine whether diet, exercise or other behaviors may influence the number of sleep spindles a person produces during the night. It can be learned from the passage that _ .
|
[
"the older a deep sleeper becomes, the lighter his sleep must be",
"the more \"slow wave sleep\" one experiences, the deeper sleep one has",
"the more frequently a sleeper's brain works, the less information it sends",
"the deeper sleep people have, the more likely they will be awakened by noise"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a skateboard?
|
[
"4 ounces",
"4 tons",
"4 pounds"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
My 3-year-old son and I lived a very hard life because I had been out of work since two years ago. Being poor is a terrible feeling when your 3-year-old finishes his meal and says: "Can I have some more bread and jam please, Mummy?" And you break down in tears, because you don't know how to tell him that there is no more food. With PS6, I went to the supermarket, picked up some food and started to cook at home. It was time for me to make a change and get back on my feet. I began to write a series of articles for the website named Hunger Hurt in July 2011. A few months later, local food bank gave me some help-- with some free vegetables every month, which made my life a little easier. I began to write recipes , posting them on my blog. To my surprise, families, students and those poor people told me how much it helped to see healthy recipes made from affordable supermarket vegetables. My Life took unexpected turns. I was invited to give a speech on food , interviewed for an Oxfam report on food banks and asked to write a cookery book. When I got the money from the book, for the first night in almost two years, I went to bed without worrying. Now, I have a well-paid job and a beautiful home, and I'll never forget the days when I worked hard for a good life. According to the text, the food bank _ .
|
[
"helps sell the food in supermarkets",
"gives out food to those people who are in need",
"brings people together who care about food waste",
"write healthy recipes to food lovers around the world"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which disease is correctly paired with the cause of the disease?
|
[
"athlete's foot - fungi",
"malaria - viruses",
"influenza - bacteria",
"pneumonia - protists"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is an adult great white shark?
|
[
"4 yards",
"4 inches",
"4 feet"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some people in Manchester, Britain, will soon be paying for goods and services with so-called "smart" credit cards. These cards are more secure than the traditional magnetic-strip version and can be used to travel on buses, check bank accounts and do shopping. The Manchester project is one of the biggest smart card schemes in the world. Every time people use the cards on a bus or train, the fare is deducted (reduced) from the value of the card. When they have no credit left, the cards can be recharged at a local shop. A smart card looks just like a normal plastic card but it has a silicon chip in it. It is possible for the same silicon chip to perform a number of different functions, so one plastic card in your pocket could do a large number of different jobs. The card has much more memory space than a magnetic-strip card, so many more things can be recorded on it.There are two types of smart cards. One is the contact card which is used in the same way as a magnetic-strip card. Information is transferred by running the card through a narrow opening in an electronic reader. In the slot, electronic probes make contact with the magnetic-strip or silicon ship and read the information. The other type is the contactless smart card where the electronic reader communicates with the card by short-range radio waves. This makes the card quicker and more convenient to use because it does not have to leave your wallet. It is also more reliable as it is not easily influenced by scratches or dirt. However, the biggest advantage that smart cards have over magnetic-strip cards is that they are more secure. They are much more difficult to make than conventional cards and they have to be made by specially trained manufacturers. In addition, they have a large number of extra security features on them and if a smart card gets lost or stolen a quick phone-call to the distributor ensures that its individual number is made invalid and unreadable. This can be done more quickly than with a magnetic-strip card. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Contactless cards are more convenient to use than contact ones",
"Smart cards are more expensive to manufacturer",
"By means of long-range radio waves contactless cards can communicate with the electronic reader",
"A smart credit card and a normal plastic card are the same thing"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has more thermal energy?
|
[
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 40°C",
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 25°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following is a likely effect of a higher tariff imposed by the United States on imported automobiles?
|
[
"Net exports will fall and the dollar will appreciate in value.",
"Net exports will fall and the dollar will depreciate in value.",
"The price of automobiles in the United States will fall.",
"Net exports will rise and the dollar will appreciate in value."
] | 3D
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu
|
Tang Zhou and his wife are planning to have their second child, a test-tube baby. His wife had a natural delivery when she was 34 and their first child, a boy, is now 7. The couple are now hoping to have a daughter through _ in the US. "My wife couldn't bear another delivery because of her heart condition and her age. Surrogacy helps avoid the risks to older mothers," Tang said, "Moreover, our second child will be born in the US and become a citizen there. That is not a bad choice." The couple spent weeks researching their move, looking for a reliable agency that provides surrogacy services overseas. Surrogacy is still illegal in many countries, including China. "We will be taking much higher risks by relying on a surrogate mother in China because we are not protected by any regulation or law. You pay a lot of money but may meet with many problems," Tang said. "You might not even get your baby back." Tang and his wife are part of an increasing number of Chinese couples who are turning to surrogacy services. Tang also considered surrogacy in Thailand but dropped the idea after recent reports about a baby with Down Syndrome who was delivered through surrogacy and said to have been deserted in Thailand by the biological parents from Australia. Instead, Tang chose the California Surrogacy Center agency as his first option after reading the detailed introduction on its website. Compared with many other agencies that he could contact only via e-mail, the center has a consulting office in Beijing, Tang said. The center is in San Diego, California, and has satellite offices in Los Angeles and Beijing. According to Liu, the center has been operating for more than eight years, and about 100 surrogate mothers live in California. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
|
[
"Chinese couples prefer to have a test-tube baby.",
"Couples face no risks in surrogacy services.",
"A sick test-tube baby was deserted in Thailand.",
"Unhealthy test-tube babies can be legally abandoned."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where might you find eggs?
|
[
"forest",
"space",
"lava",
"ocean"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A shock running through a wire will
|
[
"send sand through the wire",
"send water through the wire",
"send smoke through a town",
"send reactions through the wire"
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people watched the lift-off of the space shuttle Columbia on March 21, 1982. But none watched more closely than eighteen-year-old Ted, as Ted's insects were on board the shuttle. The Shuttle Student Involvement Program invited students to make a science experiment. The experiment would be done by astronauts on the space shuttle. Ted had always been interested in space and flight. Insect flight especially interested him. Ted noticed that insects need gravity to take off and land. They need gravity to fly in a straight line. But in space, there is no gravity. Could insects fly in zero gravity? That is what Ted wanted to find out. Ted made an experiment called "Insect in Flight Motion Study". He entered his experiment and soon news came that _ . A large team of scientists and engineers helped Ted get his experiment ready to fly. There were many questions to be answered first. What kind of insects would Ted use in his experiment? The insects would have to be strong enough to live on the shuttle for nine days without much food. What kind of container would hold the insects? Would the insects die during the shuttle flight? After months of hard work, the "insectronauts" were chosen. A group of moths, flies, and honeybees were put into a special box and put onto the space shuttle. When Columbia flew into space, it was carrying insect passengers. On March 24, astronauts Gordon Fullerton and Jack Lousma took out the box that held the insects. They began filming the insects with a special video camera. When the space shuttle landed Ted was able to watch the video film of insects. Just as he thought, most of the insects did have trouble flying in zero gravity. The flies did well. But the moths' flight seemed "uncontrolled". They would often just hang in the air. The bees had the most trouble. They couldn't fly at all! The film showed bees spinning around in all directions. Others were just floating about in the box. Ted learned the answer to his question about insects' flight in zero gravity. But he also learned a lot more. He learned about the hard work needed in making a successful experiment. What did Ted want to find out?
|
[
"Whether the insects could fly in space.",
"Whether the insects could fly in a straight line.",
"Whether the insects could land after flying for a while.",
"Whether the insects could take off after resting for a while."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is any economist so dull as to criticise Christmas? At first glance,the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries as GDP growth.After all,everyone is spending;in America,retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas.Even so,economiwsts find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.At the simplest level,giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like-he tries to guess her preferences,as economists say-and then buying the gift and delivering it.Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy;indeed,it is often done badly.Every year,ties go unworn and books unread.And even if a gift is enjoyed,it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves. Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts,in 1993 Joel Waldfogel,then an economist at Yale University,sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms.In a research,he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season:first,estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received;second,apart from the sentimental value of the items,if you did not have them,how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy:on average,a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver. In addition,recipients may not know their own preferences very well.Some of the best gifts,after all,are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying,but which turn out to be especially well picked.And preference can change.So by giving a jazz CD,for example,the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before.This,a desire to build skills,is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children's desires for video games and buy them books instead. Finally,there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase.If someone else buys them,however,they can be enjoyed guilt-free.This might explain the high volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays.Thus,the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have a high sentimental value. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the text?
|
[
"The gift-giver tries to neglect the actual needs of the receiver.",
"The best gifts are well picked by the givers.",
"In gift-giving,guessing preference is often a failure,so it's the thought that counts.",
"You have to take money into consideration when giving a gift."
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the carbon cycle, carbon moves from reservoir to reservoir as various organic and inorganic processes occur on Earth. Only a small percentage of the global carbon is moved in this cycle each year. The remaining carbon is stored in these reservoirs. Which reservoir contains the greatest amount of stored carbon?
|
[
"plant biomass",
"the atmosphere",
"fossil fuels",
"the deep ocean"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
As digital technology increasingly controls the lives of young people, scientists have begun to wonder: Is the Internet good or bad for kids? "It's impossible to answer that question because the Internet is so many things," says psychologist Patricia Greenfield. "It's networked computer games and news about politics and instant messaging and e-mails to your grandmother. It can be both an educational resource and a hiding place for kidnappers." Adults have many reasons to worry about kids' Internet use. In chat rooms, for instance, it is easy to lie and kids can get trapped in dangerous situations. In searching for and visiting websites, kids can come across words and pictures that they may not be prepared for. To help prevent that situation, in 2000, the US Congress passed the Children's Internet Protection Act, which requires schools to block offensive and obscene websites. Researches have pointed out how confusing the Internet can be for children, even when they think they know how it works. To find out how much kids know about the technology, Zheng Yan, an educational professor in New York, interviews over 300 students in grades four to eight. Most of the youngest students think the Internet is simply an icon on the screen. It often isn't until 10 that kids realize that the Internet is a network of millions of computers. It takes another 2 or 3 years for them to understand that a stranger can see what they've posted. Understanding the technology helps kids understand how dangerous the web can be. It's not simply enough to block harmful websites or to limit the number of hours kids spend online. Learning about the Internet can also give young people the power to use it in beneficial ways. By saying "the Internet is so many things", Patricia Greenfield means that _ .
|
[
"computer technology is hard for people to master",
"computers have more disadvantages than expected",
"computers have more advantages than expected",
"computers bring advantages as well as disadvantages"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Learning a second language can improve brain power, scientists believe. US researchers from Northwestern University say bilingualism is a form of brain training -- a mental "work out" that adjusts the mind finely. Speaking two languages well affects the brain and changes how the nervous system reacts to sound, lab tests showed. Experts say the experiment performed by the National Academy of Sciences provides "biological" evidence of this. In an attempt to prove the guess that speaking two languages is good for one's mind, the team monitored how the brain of 48 healthy student volunteers reacted to different sounds. Twenty three of these volunteers were bilingual. The scientists used special equipment to trace the pattern of brainwaves. Under quiet, laboratory conditions, the bilingual students responded in a similar way to the English-only-speaking students, who formed the control group. But the bilingual group were far superior at processing sounds even when there were a lot of people talking in the room. They were better able to focus on to the important information -- the speaker's voice -- and block out other _ noises. Prof Nina Kraus, who led the research, said: "The bilingual's better experience with sound results in a hearing system that is highly efficient, flexible and focused in its automatic sound processing, especially in challenging or novel listening conditions." Co-author Viorica Marian said: "People do crossword puzzles and other activities to keep their minds sharp. But the advantages we've discovered in double language speakers come automatically simply from knowing and using two languages.'' Musicians appear to gain a similar benefit when rehearsing , say the researchers. According to some theories, being bilingual might help avoid dementia . What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
|
[
"Being bilingual strengthens brain power.",
"Speaking a second language can change your nervous system.",
"Bilingual musicians perform better on stage.",
"The English-only-speaking students can concentrate easily."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A soccer player kicks a soccer ball across a field. Which factor has the most effect on the distance the soccer ball travels?
|
[
"the color of the ball",
"the force of the kick",
"the length of the field",
"the temperature of the air"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The structure and workings of the university are ever changing. The university of the past is not like the university of the present and the university of the present will not be like the university of the future. This "adaptation" to the times is what can make some universities great or make some universities among the worst in the nation. In the past the university was very set in their ways. They did things the way they wanted them done. They paid no attention to the rest of the society and the way the ones paying the bills wanted them done. In the past the professors would lecture endlessly to the students, which often left the students bored and with no idea what was really said to them in the lecture. This is no way to try and teach students; students need interaction with the professors that are paid to teach them. As Paulo Freire believed there needs to be communication between the students and the professors and the class should not be totally memorization. This is the way that things were done in the past. In the present many universities have either changed or are changing the way that they run their universities. The universities now are taking on many of the modern educational beliefs in order to make changes in the teaching methods. Universities are breaking down many of the divides between majors that they offer. By breaking these barriers the universities are becoming less specialized and more diverse. This goes along with the ideas of Berry who believes that the schools are over-specialized and that the universities are now just machines that are merely meant to produce workers. In the past few years the colleges have been lowering the standards of admission, which in turn lowers the standards of all the schools below the college level. The universities are now on the right track by increasing the standards of admission into their colleges. Which of the following is NOT a feature of universities in the past?
|
[
"They were run in a fixed way.",
"They ignored the needs of society.",
"They had lower standards of admission.",
"Professors lacked interaction with students."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Baking cookies is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
American doctors have been trying to figure out the secrets behind Asians being healthier than Americans since the early 90s - The Japan has the lowest mortality rates in the world and Chinese medicine has been around for thousands of years, since around 2000 B.C. only meant that there's more to Asian health philosophy. In Asian medicine, there's an acknowledgment of the whole-body theory of medicine, instead of isolationism that's prevalent in many American doctor's offices. The main reason behind a better health lies in the difference between Asian and American culture. Diet, exercise, and a holistic approach to medicine all contribute to Asians living longer and healthier than their American counterparts. In addition, the result of the Asian lifestyle has led to a stronger overall immune system and better detoxification efficiency. The more preferred drink in the American lifestyle is soda, beer or coffee. However, in Asian culture, the preferred drink is water or herbal tea. Consumption of water serves to immediately strengthen one's body detoxification program, since water dilutes toxins and helps flush the body. Americans savor red meat and pork, while most Asians prefer chicken, rice and fish. Also, the foods in Asia are mostly organic and lack the hormonal toxins that American food carries. Overall the Asian diet leads to less food-introduced toxins into the body, and allows the body to spend its energy on its immune system rather than toxin control. Also, the fish that Asians consume have very strong immunological effects, providing more antioxidants than the red meat preferred in America. The average American family has more than one car. In Asia, on average there's 1 car per 4 families. In Asian cultures, people use bicycles more than four-wheeled transportation. The Asian lifestyle also involves more labor and physical work, such as agricultural labor and gardening. The American lifestyle praises white-collar jobs which lead to Americans sitting in front of computer screens for hours on end. Exercise helps detoxification in two ways: it speeds up metabolism, and induces sweat. Medicine in Asia centers mostly on natural ingredients that have healing properties. Asian medicine also addresses the mind-body connection and the importance of mental balance. There are more traditional medicine doctors per person in Asia than in America. American medicine costs more and is symptom-focused, often ignoring the overall cause of the symptoms. In America, the prescriptions that are chemically derived are dangerous toxins that stress the body's detoxification system. Using Asian medicine means using only natural ingredients, which the body can easily detoxify while getting the same health benefit. It is not very difficult to adopt the Asian lifestyle and improve your body's detoxification and immune system. You can change your lifestyle today by eating and drinking organic, exercising rigorously at least three times a week, and using organic health alternative therapies over dangerous prescription medicines. ks5u Emma Deangela is the author of detox and fasting site at eDetoxify.com. Combining both Asian and Western philosophy, Emma Deangela has helped many people by giving them health consultation to make their lives better and healthier through natural health philosophy. Visit eDetoxify.com to discover the health philosophy that leads many people to a healthy life. The differences between Asian and American culture are not discussed in _
|
[
"Diet",
"Exercise",
"Medicine",
"Accidents"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most of us would like to have glowing skin, especially as we get older. The good news is that you don't have to wait until summer to catch some sun rays. Scientists have found eating plenty of fruit and vegetables is by far the best way to achieve a healthy, golden glow. Dr. Ian Stephen said, "Most people think that the best way to improve their skin color is to get a suntan . But our research shows that eating lots of fruit and vegetables is actually more effective." The team first assessed the skin color of people in relation to their diet. Those who ate more fruit and vegetables a day were found to have a more golden, yellow skin color. Those with a healthy glow had a higher presence of carotenoids , which play a role in the immune system. Carotenoids are commonly found in fruit and vegetables such an yellow and red peppers, spinach, apricots and melons. The team then studied the relation between skin tone and attractiveness. They used specialist software to operate the skin color on the images of 51 faces to simulate more or less carotenoids and suntans. Participants were then asked to adjust the skin color to make the faces look as healthy as possible. Given the choice between skin color enhanced by suntans and skin color enhanced by carotenoids, people preferred the carotenoids skin color. The study shows that not only do people use skin color to judge how healthy other individuals are, but they are accurate when they make those judgments. While this study focus on Caucasian faces, it suggests this phenomenon may exist across cultures, since similar preferences for skin yellowness are found in an African population. What can we learn from the text?
|
[
"Young girls should not eat many melons.",
"There's no need to worry about our skin color.",
"We cannot judge a person from his appearance.",
"Skin color is a clue to judge whether a person is healthy or not."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tech-Camp No.6 Devon Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong a technology day camp for students 12-17 About Tech-Camp Tech-Camp is a day camp with a focus on computers and electronics technology. We offer 2-week summer programmes for students of 12 to 17 years of age. We have a computer lab with the latest and fastest equipment, an electronics lab, and a video production studio. Our staff are special, too. They are experts in computers and electronics, of course, but they are also people who care about children and enjoy working with them. The benefits of Tech-Camp In all of our programmes, we show students how to work in teams and how to solve problems by themselves. We encourage them to think creatively. What students will do at Tech-Camp Each day Tech-camp is filled with useful, interesting and challenging activities. For example, in the Computer Programme, students learn the basic computer programming, and how to use the Internet. In the Tech-Camp Programme, they make radio-controlled model cars and produce their own short videos. Programme Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Computer Programme 15 June-26 June 15 June-26 June 15 June-26 June High-tech Programme 29 June-10 July 27 July-7 August 15 June-26 June Fee: HK $2,000 per student (10% discount available for groups of 10 or more students.) For more information about Tech-Camp, please contact Director of Summer Programmes, Ms Julia Brown, by phone, fax or e-mail. Telephone: 26548898 Fax: 26948850 E-mail: [email protected] According to the passage, how much will they pay if a group of 20 students enter for Tech-Camp?
|
[
"HK $36,000.",
"HK $35,000.",
"HK $3,600.",
"HK $40,000."
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following data would be most useful for describing the climate of a specific area?
|
[
"average weekly wind speeds for 1 month",
"daily relative humidity levels for 18 months",
"total annual precipitation amounts for 2 years",
"average high and low monthly temperatures for 20 years"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
scientists make observations and cats
|
[
"regurgitate their cleanings",
"never sleep",
"fly",
"cook spaghetti"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen , which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process. Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food. The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked. It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body. In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts. People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10% of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person's immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face. The best title would be _ .
|
[
"The ABCs of Allergies",
"The Cause of Allergies",
"The Treatment of Allergies",
"The Prevention of Allergies"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With only a click of the mouse, rumours can be forwarded between microblogs very quickly. As an example, recently, sensitive netizens discovered that some photos displayed on microblogs describing Beijing's June rainstorm had actually been Sina.com is one of the major Internet portals in China with hundreds and thousands of users, and a majority of celebrities and famous citizens have their microblog accounts on this portal. As recently as six months ago, the website decided to establish a specialized team to prove rumours and provide accurate information for its users. Tan Chao is in charge of the team. " Before I took the job, I usually couldn't identify what information was real and what was fake. But during the process of identification, we discovered that a lot of information was false, including fake photos, fake news stories and rumours that had been spread through microblogs." It's not just website portals which are taking on fact-checking responsibilities, but also a number of civic-minded netizens, who recently set up a Rumour Identification Federation on Sina.com's microblog system to help netizens identify fake information online. Dian Zizheng is the team leader of the federation. He says they've publicized more than 150 pieces which contradict rumours, which attracted more than 10 thousand visitors within two months. "We live in an age of new media, so we can't use the old methods to prove rumours. We can't wait for the media to prove the facts with related administrative departments and then release a formal announcement. We can't allow rumours to run wild and then deal with it, we need to fight rumours while they're spreading. I think that this is the best way to deal with rumours nowadays." Some experts say this displays the advantages of the internet compared to other traditional media. The open platform allows information to be examined and clarified by netizens. But experts like Ding Wengguo,President of the Journalism and Communication College at the China University of Political Science and Law says this self-correction function of the Internet is still quite limited. "It's still quite different to tell which information is true in such an open environment by just reading a number of different opinions on the same issue. This is something which we need to pay attention to. If society is flooded with too much false information, and it's allowed to spread in such a fast manner, then people will be suspicious of all kinds of information including important information from authorities. It also worsens problems relating to social communications and mutual-understanding, which in turn harms society as a whole." Experts suggest that the government should react more quickly in the Internet age. Once a rumour begins to spread, administrative departments should make announcements as early as possible to drive away rumours before they lead to bad outcomes. Which of the following is true according to the text?
|
[
"All the rumours have been spread through microblog.",
"Sina.com is the most popular internet portal in China.",
"Traditional media don't prove rumours to spread.",
"The photos displayed on microblogs might have side effects."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Monkeys prefer heavy metal to classical music, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin whose findings are published this week in Biology Letters. Scientists played a selection of music to a group of South American cotton-top monkeys but the only sound that got a reaction were from the heavy metal band Metallica. They were seemingly disinterested in Led Zeppelin, Miles Davis and Bach, but after the beautiful sound of Master of Puppets by Metallica was played the monkeys calmed down. "Monkeys interpret rising and falling sounds differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica," said Professor Charles Snowdon, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Rather than making them excited or aggressive, the heavy metal tracks had a comforting effect. Dr Snowdon, who teamed up with National Symphony Orchestra musican David Teie, also played the monkeys music composed specifically for them. Although they enjoyed Metallica, they were much more interested in these pieces. A melody based on the short calls of scared monkeys led to anxiety levels rapidly growing, researchers found, while one based on long calls the creatures make when they are happy had a calming effect. Frans B.M. de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University who studies animals, said the findings appear to say more about how monkeys respond to the sounds they make than they do about music or the evolution of music. Dr Snowdon no longer has a monkey colony to use in his research, but he said his co-author David Teie is exploring the concept of music for cats. "If we understand how we can affect their emotional states through using musical sound and aspects of our speech, maybe those of us living with companion animals can have a better relationship with them, too," Snowdon said. According to the passage, the monkeys are most interested in the music _ .
|
[
"of Led Zeppelin",
"of Miles Davis",
"of Metallica",
"specially composed for them"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How much time is required for a bicycle to travel a distance of 100 m at an average speed of 2 m/s?
|
[
"0.0",
"s B 50 s",
"100 s",
"200 s"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
COLUMBUS, Ohio--The heart operation taking place in the pale-green operating room at the Ohio State University Medical Center was unusual. The patient, a 62-year-old man, was made to sleep, tied with blue drapes and lying face up on a narrow table. But no one was touching him. Instead, the operation was being performed by a robot, whose three metal arms went through pencil-sized holes in the man's chest. At the ends of the robot's arms were tiny metal fingers, with turning wrists, which held a tiny instrument, a light and a camera. The robot's arms and fingers were controlled by Dr. Randall K. Wolf, sitting at a computer in a corner of the operating room about 20 feet away. This sort of operation, heart surgeons say, is the start of what may be the biggest change in their profession since heart bypass surgery began nearly 30 years ago. "The reason we make cuts is that we have big hands," said Dr. Wolf, the director of the surgery at Ohio State. The robot's _ fingers, no longer than a nail on the small finger, at the end of the long sticks could work better. Eventually, surgeons believe, most heart surgery will be done by robots whose arms are put in through pencil-sized holes punched in patients' chests. Instead of directly staring into a patient's body, surgeons will view magnified images of the operation on computer screens. In theory, the doctor would not have to be in the same room, or even the same country, as the patient. The main idea of this passage is that heart surgery by robots _ .
|
[
"is quicker than surgery done by doctors",
"may replace surgery done by doctors",
"is a new and risky procedure",
"was developed at Ohio State University"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For grown-ups,an afternoon snooze is often easier said than done.But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock .By examining brain waves in sleeping adults,researchers reported in the June 21issue of Current Biology,a Cell Press publication,that they now have evidence to explain why that is. "It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep:we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and,since ancient times,we cradle our babies to sleep,"said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva."Yet,how this works had remained a mystery.The goal of our study was made up of two parts:to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep,and to understand how this might work at the brain level." Schwartz,Michel Muhlethaler,and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custom-made bed or"experimental hammock"that could either remain still or rock gently.All participants were good sleepers who didn't typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day.Each participant took two 45-minute afternoon naps,one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion,while their brain activity was monitored. "We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition,"Muhlethaler said."Surprisingly,we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleep-related brain waves." More specifically,rocking increased the length of stage N2sleep,a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night's sleep.The rocking bed also had a lasting effect on brain activity,increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles . Schwartz and Muhlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders,such as insomnia . What finding was beyond the researchers'expectation?
|
[
"The rocking seemed to improve participants'sleep quality.",
"All the participants fell asleep faster in the swinging condition.",
"Some participants couldn't fall asleep in the swinging condition.",
"Participants had a tendency to sleep excessively in the swinging bed."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the definition of "happiness?" Is it material wealth filled with fancy cars, a dream house or jewelry? Or does happiness simply mean having a roof over your head? Food in the fridge? Having a swimming pool? A designer Gucci bag? Love? Money? A perfect job? Do you recall a time----let's say when you were about 5 years old-----what defined happiness back then? Was it getting a puppy for Christmas? Or maybe, you were a child of divorce; and all you wanted was for Mom and Dad to get back together again? Then as you got older, you were hoping that someone would ask you to the party that would have made your day. During college, good grades made you happy, but it was short-lived. Because in the real world, you had to look for a job, and competition was fierce. But then, you got a perfect job, could you be happy? We like having and accumulating things. We work so we can pay our rents, credit card debts, school loans, car payments... The list goes on and on. And at some point, we realize that apart from having most of what we want, we still aren't happy. Now since we've learned to adapt to new standards which we've created for ourselves, we find that we have less time, less patience, less sleep, which leads to more stress and more anxiety. Therefore, don't stupidly make a conclusion that happiness is just based on "things". Sometimes, we trade our lives for not only basic necessities, but for excessive items and services as well. Certainly, you've heard of individuals trying to "find themselves", or to "rediscover themselves". But the point has been missed: happiness is already there. Disappointments and tragedies in life will come and go, but happiness never leaves you. We can lose our jobs, but be grateful for those who love us. We can lose our homes to nature, but be thankful to be alive. If we think we are happy, we are indeed happy. Happiness is merely a perception of each individual. Happiness is part of love, and love is an ocean. Go dive in and get some, and then share it with everyone, which can be an endless supply. But sharing happiness with people around demands skilful techniques. People will feel happy if _ .
|
[
"they think of the positive aspects of life",
"they seek excessive items and services",
"they have no disappointments in life",
"they can get a puppy for Christmas in their childhood"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Tiana inherited this trait?
|
[
"Tiana's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Tiana.",
"Tiana and her father both have dark hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When people talk of a virus these days, chances are that they are talking about computer virus that have the power wipe out all the valuable work people may have stored in their computers. Imagine, the virus has the power to make military systems, giant banks, airports, hospitals and traffic system come to stop! What does a computer virus do? It targets electronic objects that are programmed. The virus spreads through connections between these electronic objects. For virus spreading experts, e-mail is a favorite method of sending their destructive weapon. But scientists warn that this is not the worst that can happen. There is more. People are also connected through phones. The next virus may actually target mobile phones, especially those that are programmed to do many tasks apart from just communicating. It would then be easy for a virus to infect those programs and create major disorder. For example, these virus may have the power to record your phone conversations and make others hear them. They create problems with your electronic money accounts, or they could create a mountain of telephone bills for calls you never made. And that would be a disaster. A report on this was published in the New Scientist recently. One way out would be to have simpler phones with not so many different functions. This would mean there would mean there would be fewer programs for the virus to attack. But mobile phone producers are _ . People on longer want an electronic item to perform just one task. They want more and more functions added. That would mean more software programs to make the mobile phone perform all those functions. And that means the possibility of more viruses. Which of the following shows that your mobile phone is infected with a virus?
|
[
"You can't hear the person who answers the phone clearly",
"You can't send e-mails with your mobile phone",
"your phone bill increases for unknown reasons",
"You can hear other people's phone conversations"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat. There are four main food groups altogether. The _ group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day. It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly. Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health. Which of the following is a good eating-habit?
|
[
"Going to school without any breakfast",
"Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.",
"Eating your lunch in a very short time.",
"Having at least one food from all four groups in each meal."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A botanist developed a new fertilizer that was tested on different types of plants under different conditions. The results indicated that the fertilizer increased plant growth. Which would be the best way to validate the results?
|
[
"have another lab replicate the tests",
"look over the results several times",
"develop a new hypothesis to test",
"change the procedure"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which of the following events during meiosis contributes most to the variation within a species?
|
[
"pairing of chromosomes",
"creation of haploid gametes",
"segregation of alleles",
"separation of chromatids"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Jayce acquired this trait?
|
[
"Jayce is most interested in American history.",
"Jayce learned history by reading."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch.They may think eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or,in summer, they may think it is the heat.However, the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time--about eight hours after you wake up--your body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day.The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later. In many parts of the world,people take naps in the middle of the day.This is especially true in warmer climate ,where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon.Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate.A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general.In countries where naps are traditional,people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease. Many working people,unfortunately, have no time to take naps.Though doctors may advise taking naps,employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance,however,here are a few tips about making the most of your nap.Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward.This can also happen if you sleep for too long.If you do not have enough time,try a short nap--even ten minutes of sleep can help you. If you get up at 6:30 a.m,what is the best time for you to take a nap?
|
[
"About 12:30 p.m.",
"About 1:30 p.m.",
"About 2:30 p.m.",
"About 3:30 p.m."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people think the camel stores only water in its hump ,but it does not,Instead,the camel stores something else there----food.The camel's hump is really a hump of fat.When the camel,often called"a ship of the desert",is not travelling and is in a place where there is plenty of food and water,it eats and drinks a lot. As it does so, its hump rises from the fat its body makes. Then when the camel is travelling through the desert and when there is little food,it can live off the stored fat. A camel can go on for days or weeks with little feed or water.However its hunger reaches the point starvation ,its hump shrinks and may even slip off its back and hang down its side. Camels are not fussy about what they eat.Thorny plants don't hurt their mouths,grasses of any kinds will do and so will hay,dry grain,cactuses.(,,) There are one--humpcamels and two--hump camels. Camels with one hump are calledArabian camels,mainly coming from North Africa. Camels with two humps are mainly from Asia. Camels eat and drink a lot _ .
|
[
"after they finish their work",
"before they go to sleep",
"when they find much food and water",
"when they go through the desert"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. "It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components ," said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own," he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. "The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to," said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around," he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. "You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead," he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis." (392 words) Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Father of Robotic Fly",
"Inspiration from Engineering Science",
"Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect",
"Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Skipping classes, particularly big lectures where an absence is likely to go undetected, is a tradition among college undergraduates. These days, however, some professors say they're seeing more _ , as students make the most of new technologies as learning aids. Americ Azevedo taught an "Introduction to Computers" at the University of California, Berkeley, US last semester. By visiting the course's website, the 200 enrolled students could download audio recordings or watch digital videos of the lectures, as well as read the instructor's detailed lecture notes. But there was one big problem: So many of the undergraduates relied on the technology that at times only 20 or so actually showed up for class. Doug Suda, 19, a student in Azevedo's class last semester, said he skipped about three-quarter of the lectures. It's largely because he was busy with an off-campus job and was taking the course to fulfill a business major requirement. At the end of the term, Suda prepared hurriedly for the final exam by watching videos of about 15 lectures over three days. "If I hadn't that... I would probably fail the class," said Suda, who instead received a B-plus. Despite the concerns about absenteeism, schools are increasingly experimenting with ways to let students watch or listen to lectures on their computers or digital music players, like iPods. Last month, Harvard Medical School began "Podcasting" lectures. Students can download them into digital musical players, and study while they, say, go for a walk. As many academics accept the electronic innovation, others are pushing back. To encourage attendance, they are applying low-tech tactics, like giving more surprising quizzes or cutting back their online offerings. Lee Chanian, a UCLA economics professor, says "too much technology leads to passive learning environment and encourage more absenteeism". He now puts fewer lecture materials online, and provides extensive notes only for the most complicated topics. At times only 20 or so undergraduates showed up for Americ Azevedo's class because _ .
|
[
"so many undergraduates relied on digital learning aids",
"so many undergraduates have off-campus jobs.",
"his lectures were boring",
"the exam was easy to pass"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
burning a candle
a banana getting ripe on the counter
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait?
|
[
"a spotted tail",
"an unspotted tail"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place.This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency ability. VeterinaryPartner.com has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of dog and cat first aid;however, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency. This book is an emergency preparedness ready-reference for dogs and cats.Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care. A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations. It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations.The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading.We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining them in context when they are necessary. What's the purpose of the passage?
|
[
"To introduce a book.",
"To introduce a website.",
"To introduce a working knowledge.",
"To encourage careful reading."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One afternoon I took a trip to an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces . A young couple looking at the paintings in front of me chatted non--stop. I watched them for a moment and realized she was doing all the talking. I admired this man for being so patient with her. Bored by their noise, I moved on. I met them several times as I moved through those rooms of art. Each time I heard her voice, I moved away quickly. I was standing at the museum gift shop buying some cards when the couple walked to the exit. " He's a brave man, " the clerk said. "Most of us would give up if we were blind at such a young age. But behind his wife come in whenever there's a new art show. " "But what does he get out of the works of art?" I asked. "Hecan't see. " " His wife describes each painting so that he can see it in his head. " I learned something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away holding each other's hands. Just then, I can't help getting close to them and said, " _ " ,. The woman kept talking while she and her husband were enjoying the art show because _ .
|
[
"she was too excited to keep silent",
"she preferred talking to listening",
"she had to explain everything to her blind husband",
"she liked to show off in front of others in the museum"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
IELTS: international English language testing system Introduction: The IELTS is jointly managed by the University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate , the British Council and IDP Education Australia Why more and more people are taking the IELTS test? The IELTS test is widely recognized by the colleges, universities and other academic institutions of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom. More and more universities and colleges in the US are also accepting an IELTS result as a language requirement for application to degree courses. IELTS is accepted by many important organizations, such as the New Zealand Immigration Bureau, the Australian Immigration and Cultural Department, the Canadian Immigration Bureau, the Australian Medical Council and the British Medical Association . Choice of two test types There are two test models: Academic and General Training. The candidate must select the one suitable to his/here purpose for taking the test. Academic: for candidates who want to apply for undergraduate or postgraduate courses. General Training: for candidates who take IELTS for immigration purpose, training programmes, or work experience. If you have any questions about which type to take, consult the Examinations Services staff at the British Council offices. Content The test is composed of four papers: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. The first three papers must be taken at one sitting on one day, and the speaking paper may be taken up to two days later. Usually in China, the Listening paper is taken on a Saturday morning, followed by the Reading paper, and then Writing paper. The Speaking test is usually taken on the Saturday afternoon or on the following Saturday. Candidates must complete all four papers in order to obtain an overall score. In China, what's the test order?
|
[
"Reading, writing, speaking, listening.",
"Reading, speaking, listening, writing.",
"Listening, reading, writing, speaking.",
"Speaking, reading, listening ,writing"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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