question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
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stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|
What information supports the conclusion that Joel acquired this trait?
|
[
"Joel learned how to knit in an after school program.",
"Joel knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Forbes asked a panel of architects and campus designers to nominate their picks for the best-looking campuses in the world. These are their top choices. Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio, US Mike Evans, a principal at Norfolk, Va., design firm Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas + Company, says to be beautiful a campus must have a "signature campus space as a carrier of the campus brand." At Kenyon College, that space is "Middle Path," a 10-foot-wide footpath that serves as the Gothic hilltop campus' central artery. More than just a trail, it's a village green for the tight-knit campus community. Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky, who teaches 17th-century poetry at Kenyon, says the college, both isolated and pastoral, is "a small place to think big thoughts." Oxford University Oxford, England Teaching within Oxford's stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century, and the school is considered a paradigm for all college campuses. With its labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition at every turn. "Its monastic roots and the spectacular quality of its buildings make it an architectural wonderland," says David Mayernik, associate professor at Notre Dame's School of Architecture. Princeton University Princeton, N.J., US Princeton's style is pure Collegiate Gothic ; most of it executed in gray stone covered in, yes, ivy. As imposing as these old stone structures are, the campus keeps life on a "human scale" by preserving green spaces and walkability.Sinuous footpaths, archways, plazas - all are designed to inspire spontaneous discussion and learning. Scripps College Claremont, Calif., US The total plan of this women's college, founded in the 1920's, has always called for artistic connection between buildings and landscape. Together, architect Gordon Kaufmann, in collaboration with landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout, created a distinctively Southern Californian blend of Mission Revival-inspired architecture and landscape, which is lovely, evocative and intact. An expert in deciduous trees, Trout planted rows of liquid amber trees to give the students "a sense of autumn" come fall. He also peppered the campus with tulip trees, sycamores, almond and orange trees, as well as rare shrubs. Stanford University Palo Alto, Calif., US New additions like the Science and Engineering Quad manage to gracefully blend modern and technological elements with the timeless, elegant aesthetics of the campus' early California Mission Revival architecture. The campus also scores big points for its dramatic entrance via Palm Drive, its romantic Spanish red-tile roofs and myriad patches of green. Tsinghua University Beijing, China Forbe's panel of architects says natural setting plays a big part in assessing a campus' beauty. In that regard, this campus is blessed: Founded in 1925, Tsinghua sits on the former site of the Qing Dynasty's royal gardens. Many of Beijing's most notable historical sites, like the Summer Palace, are close by. The campus is peppered with artificial ponds where stone benches and floating lotus blossoms inspire reflection. Why does Tsinghua University enter the list of the best-looking campuses in the world?
|
[
"because the amber trees give the students \"a sense of autumn\" come fall.",
"because the artistic connects between buildings and landscape.",
"because its natural setting plays a big part.",
"because it is founded in 1925."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is considered a nonrenewable resource?
|
[
"oil",
"soil",
"food",
"water"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Ice water is poured into four cups made of different materials. The cup made of which material will be the coldest to touch after one minute?
|
[
"foam",
"glass",
"metal",
"plastic"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
At a specific point in a frigid month, the waking hours illumination will be
|
[
"ending sooner",
"overwhelming hot",
"lasting the longest",
"growing new plants"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark----alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump----convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning the device. The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work---and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing _ for a ly few dying patients. If such expenditures cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _ .
|
[
"a technical failure",
"a technical wonder",
"a good life-saver",
"an effective means to treat heart disease"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The choice between having a career or making time for love is an extremely personal and individual decision. There are many factors which can affect your choice. Careers and love fulfill us in different but important ways. Having a solid career gives us a sense of accomplishment and self worth. Then there are those who measure their success in terms of having a pleasant and rewarding home life. So what happens if you cannot or do not wish to make room in your life for both? Consider these factors when pondering which is more important for you. 1. Your Career May be More Important When You are Young Many people these days focus on careers first and family later. The reasoning is that, while you are young and unencumbered , you have the time and energy to fully devote yourself to a career. If you have lofty career ambitions while you are young, it may indeed be the time to start making progress towards those goals. Once you get married and begin to build a family, much of your time and energy-by necessity-becomes devoted to your family. This is as it should be. You should not start a family unless you are willing to devote time and attention to your loved ones. 2. Falling in Love can be Better When You are Older More and more people these days are choosing to wait when it comes to making decisions about family. It is not unusual for people to delay marriage until their late 30's or even their early 40's. Delaying family decisions allows you to be better prepared for those obligations, and creates a better likelihood that you are in touch with your most important goals and values. You have had the opportunity to completely grow up, greatly reducing the chances of feeling like you are "missing out." You have had the chance to purge the foolishness of youth from your system and are now confident with the wisdom of maturity. 3. Choosing Both If you can find a work life balance that allows you to experience the joys of love and maintain a successful career, you will have a truly happy and rewarding life. A loving family at home can help you celebrate all of your successes, and bolster your confidence through your failures. There are many people out there reaping the tremendous rewards that come with including love and work in their lives, and finding the balance that allows for both. The truly healthy and well balanced person will recognize the benefits of having both. He or she will take steps to achieve the work life balance necessary to assure the continuation of career growth while nurturing and maintaining the health of personal relationships. It is only when we can maintain this delicate balance that we are living life to its greatest potential. What's the main idea of the passage _ ?
|
[
"How to achieve a balance between career and family",
"How to have a successful career",
"Career is more important than family",
"People can't balance their career and family"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For grown-ups,an afternoon snooze is often easier said than done.But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock .By examining brain waves in sleeping adults,researchers reported in the June 21issue of Current Biology,a Cell Press publication,that they now have evidence to explain why that is. "It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep:we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and,since ancient times,we cradle our babies to sleep,"said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva."Yet,how this works had remained a mystery.The goal of our study was made up of two parts:to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep,and to understand how this might work at the brain level." Schwartz,Michel Muhlethaler,and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custom-made bed or"experimental hammock"that could either remain still or rock gently.All participants were good sleepers who didn't typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day.Each participant took two 45-minute afternoon naps,one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion,while their brain activity was monitored. "We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition,"Muhlethaler said."Surprisingly,we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleep-related brain waves." More specifically,rocking increased the length of stage N2sleep,a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night's sleep.The rocking bed also had a lasting effect on brain activity,increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles . Schwartz and Muhlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders,such as insomnia . What do Schwartz and Muhlethaler expect to figure out in the next research?
|
[
"Whether swing can extend sleep time.",
"Whether swing can cause insomnia.",
"Whether swing can change brain waves.",
"Whether swing can benefit memory consolidation."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You do something about twenty times a minute without even thinking about it--you breathe! In fact, every day you take about twenty-thousand breaths. The organs of your body that allow you to breathe are called your lungs. You have two of them that work together, located in your chest inside the rib cage. The main purpose of your lungs is to breathe in good air and breathe out bad air. The good air contains oxygen, which your body needs. The bad air is a gas called carbon dioxide, which your body cannot use. When you breathe in through your nose or mouth, air travels down the back of your throat. It passes through your voice box and into your trachea, or windpipe. Your trachea is divided into two air passage tubes. One leads to your left lung. The other leads to your right lung. Inside your lungs, oxygen is removed from the air you breathe and pumped into blood cells. Your lungs also get rid of harmful carbon dioxide from these cells. This process takes place inside hundreds of millions of tiny air sacs. Each adult lung is about the size of a football. When they are healthy, your lungs feel a little like a sponge and are pinkish-gray. When lungs are damaged by smoking, they can appear gray or have black spots on them.One disease that is very common in children involves the lungs. It's asthma. Asthma narrows the breathing tubes, making it harder to breathe. You probably already know that your lungs are important when you swim. But you may not know this--your lungs are the only part of your body that can float on water! Why does asthma make it hard for people to breathe ?
|
[
"Because those who get asthma are mainly children.",
"Because the breathing tubes are narrowed by asthma .",
"Because asthma damages the lungs.",
"Because asthma is a common disease."
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The shape of a hummingbird's beak is an adaptation for
|
[
"getting to hard to reach wood",
"getting to hard to reach females",
"getting to hard to reach rocks",
"getting to hard to reach nutrients"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move. "What's the matter, Schatz?" "I've got a headache." "You better go back to bed." "No. I'm all right." "You go to bed. I'll see you when I'm dressed." But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever. "You go up to bed," I said, "You're sick." "I'm all right," he said. When the doctor came he took the boy's temperature. "What's is it?" I asked him. "One hundred and two." Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative , the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic(;) of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia . Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules. "Do you want me to read to you?" "All right. If you want to, " said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached(;)from what was going on. I read aloud from Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates ;but I could see he was not following what I was reading. "How do you feel, Schatz?" I asked him. "Just the same, so far," he said. I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely. "Why don't you try to sleep? I'll wake you up for the medicine." "I'd rather stay awake." After a while he said to me, "You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you." "It doesn't bother me." "No, I mean you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you." I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o'clock I went out with my gun and the young hunting dog....I killed two quail , and missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey of quail close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day. At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room. "You can't come in," he said. "You mustn't get what I have." I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed. I took his temperature. "What is it?" "Something like a hundred," I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths. "It was a hundred and two," he said. "Who said so?" "The doctor." "Your temperature is all right," I said. "It's nothing to worry about." "I don't worry," he said, "but I can't keep from thinking." "Don't think," I said. "Just take it easy." "I'm taking it easy," he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something. "Take this with water." "Do you think it will do any good?" "Of course it will." I sat down and opened the Pirate book and began to read, but I could see he was not following, so I stopped. "About what time do you think I'm going to die?" he asked. "What?" "About how long will it be before I die?" "You aren't going to die. What's the matter with you? " "Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred and two." "People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk." "I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred and two." He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning. "You poor Schatz," I said. "Poor old Schatz. It's like miles and kilometers. You aren't going to die. That's different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it's ninety-eight." "Are you sure?" "Absolutely," I said, "It's like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?" "Oh," he said. But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance. That the boy cried very easily at little things of no importance the next day suggests that _ .
|
[
"he couldn't control his emotions when he finally relaxed",
"his father would go out hunting without him if he didn't cry",
"something went wrong with his brain after the fever",
"he often complained about unimportant things as a spoiled boy"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Super Dan", as top-seeded Lin Dan of China is better known in the badminton world, had his Olympic dream come true after claiming the men's singles gold by beating Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia on August 17 in the Beijing Olympics. His father, Lin Jianbin, said "Super Dan"has waited for four years to get this championship and he felt very proud of his son, as well as his prospective daughter-in-law Xie Xingfang, who is also a badminton player and won silver in women's singles at the Beijing Games. An SMS: The beginning of a love story Lin was born in Shanghang County, Longyan in Fujian Province. He first met Xie Xingfang when he was 14-years-old. 16-year-old Xie was attending a national youth team badminton training camp in Jinjiang, Fujian and Lin was also there. Tall and beautiful, Xie became the Snow White in the heart of Lin Dan, and he tried to please her and get chances to chat with her after the training sessions. He did not go beyond that. Before the Spring Festival in 2004, Lin finally mustered(,) the courage and sent Xie Xingfang a text message - I LOVE YOU. In fact, Xie Xingfang had already realized Lin Dan was fond of her. And covertly , she began to pay attention to Lin's movement and performance on the court. "He is very interesting, got a lot of ideas, and is a lovely boy." Two Kisses In May 2004 at the Thomas Cup in Jakarta, their love relationship was first known to the public. Xie sat with her teammates and watched the men's team playing. When Lin Dan won the match, he rushed to the bench and kissed Xie, a move that Xie did not expect Lin to do in public. A photographer captured this moment. At the All England Open in 2007, Lin kissed her again in public, making Xie feel like the happiest woman in the world. After Lin won his third title at the Open, he did not stay to watch Xie play. Xie defeated her opponent and won the championship. When she was called to accept the trophy(,) , Lin suddenly emerged at the central venue, holding red roses and gave her the flowers, and a passionate kiss. Nine Roses Earlier, on February 14, 2006, Lin and Xie were with the national badminton teams at a training camp in Jinjiang. The teams had their rules - not going out of the training camp. Xie thought she would spend the Valentine's Day without flowers. But Lin still managed to give her a surprise - giving her a Dior wallet as a Valentine's gift and nine roses. With the teams' rule in place, Lin asked his local friend to buy the roses and gave her a pleasant Valentines surprise. A 200-square-meter apartment Lin Dan and Xie Xingfang's love has been through four years of tests, and Xie's father also said that they should consider marriage after the Olympics. In fact, Lin Dan has already prepared for this. He has bought a 200-square-meter apartment in downtown Beijing, with 4 rooms and 2 living rooms. Paying about 20,000 yuan per square meter for the apartment, it is reported the apartment is now valued at 8 million yuan. "After the Olympics, we really want to live our own lives, go on vacation, go to school, get married, I am really looking forward to it," Xie said happily. With two kitchens, one Chinese and one Western style, Xie said she wanted to be the person preparing soup at home and enjoy family life. What does Xie Xingfang specialize in?
|
[
"tennis",
"badminton",
"basketball",
"swimming"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people hurt their backs when they try to lift heavy things from the floor. It is easy to hurt your back muscle when you try to pick up a heavy thing. However, there is a correct way to lift things from the floor. If you pick up heavy things correctly, you probably will not hurt your back. To lift something from the floor correctly, first bend your knees and lower yourself. Keep your back straight. Do not bent over, from your waist keep your back and hips and waist in a line. If you bent over, the muscles in your lower back can became hurt very easily. If you keep your back and hips straight, the muscles are stronger, because they hold up together. The other muscles can then help the lower back muscles. As you lower yourself, try to get as close to thing as you can, put one knee on each side of the thing. Remember at all times to keep your back straight. Put your hand under the thing that is in front of you, between y our knees. To lift the thing, you should stand up slowly. Use your leg muscles in order to stand up. lift with your legs, not with your back. Many people hurt their backs when they lift something because _ .
|
[
"they are not strong",
"the things are very heavy",
"the way to lift the things is not correct",
"they are very heavy"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I got up, Mom was already awake. I could hear her doing something in the kitchen. It's was my birthday, and I was afraid. What if my husband had neglected to take Mom shopping for a card? Once Mom found it was my birthday, she would be sad that she had forgotten and had nothing to give me. She even can't remember what we did two hours ago because of dementia . Birthdays are not a big deal to me. I hate growing older. I don't mind if Mom forgets my birthday as long as she still remembers me. That someday she might not recognize me has been my biggest fear ever since Mom got dementia. I can't imagine anything more devastating than being forgotten by my own mother. When Mom was diagnosed with vascular dementia seven years ago, I was told she did not have Alzheimer's disease . I hoped that meant she would never forget her family. But as Mom's dementia progressed, I realized that I had no idea whether vascular dementia could be as bad as Alzheimer's. I really didn't understand the difference. The sleeping house was quiet except for the sound of Mom washing the bowls left last night in the kitchen. Will Mom live long enough to forget me? Will the day come when she no longer worries about remembering my birthday because she no longer knows that I exist? In the kitchen, Mom heard me come near. She hurried to the door, face ringing with smiles. "Happy birthday to you," she sang. We laughed as I hugged her tightly, and both of us were very surprised that she had remembered. Moments later she said, "Oh, there seems to be something here for you." She brought me her card. My husband did, after all, take her shopping. The birthday-for-a-daughter card was filled with expressions of love in pink. What the writer has been worried about most is that _ .
|
[
"she will not get her birthday card",
"she will not be recognized by her Mom",
"Mom will suffer from dementia",
"Mom's dementia will be Alzheimer's"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The back and forth on daily routine in the sky happens how often?
|
[
"one time during the single rotation",
"one cycle of the sun",
"during the winter solstice",
"springtime when the moon is at apex"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most children like chocolates, candies and other kinds of sweet food. Sometimes they put a lot of sugar into their food. They don't know that sugar is bad for their teeth. Children also like fast food. It is _ delicious than home cooking, and children can take it away and eat it anywhere. Other children like to eat too much meat. Fast food or too much meat doesn't help _ a strong and healthy body. Children grow fast. They need to eat more eggs, milk, corn ,fruit, vegetables and other healthy things. Eggs and milk are good for their bones. Corn gives them energy. Fruit and vegetables give them vitamins . Children should eat an egg, and have about 200ml of milk every day. It's best to drink milk after eating bread in the morning. They should eat 150g of corn to give them energy, too. They should also eat an apple or some other fruit with their breakfast. Eating enough vegetables is important for lunch and supper. How many kinds of healthy foods are mentioned in this passage?
|
[
"Three",
"Five",
"Six",
"Seven"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why? Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops . When crops are young,locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can't be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to _ they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night. Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over , its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all. The ink fish _ so that its enemies will not see it?
|
[
"changes its color",
"makes the water around it black",
"appears only at night",
"hides itself in the sea rocks"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of an apple?
|
[
"110 kilograms",
"110 grams"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It is said that most people have not more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. Also, there are no rules about friendship. There are no instructions about how to make friends, how to keep friendships going, and how to finish friendships if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with such different views become friends, this can lead to problems. Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our friendships. We may want them to be deeper or closer, or we may want to have more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again. This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We should not think that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many. Therefore, we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. We can learn from the text that most of us _ .
|
[
"need to be with others",
"build friendships late in life",
"are dissatisfied with our friends",
"are frightened to talk to people"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel. What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO2(carbon-dioxide)emissions from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles that still need to be overcome. First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet'A'fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same. The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter - the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up. However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources. Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel-a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project. While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen! .Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?
|
[
"To cut down the flight cost of the company.",
"To remove some hurdles for the biofuel to work.",
"To reduce CO 2 emissions from airplanes.",
"To test plane engines on biofuel."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the part whose main job is to use energy from sunlight to make sugar in a plant cell.
|
[
"chromosomes",
"chloroplasts",
"cell membrane",
"vacuole"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you want to avoid death you will need to
|
[
"jump into volcanoes",
"hit something",
"fly",
"take in air"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wen Feng Store Sale Goods Colors Price(each) Socks Black, white, green $3 Sweater Black $15 Hat Blue, white $4 T-shirt Red, green $14 Shoes Black and white $25 Bag Blue $5 ,. Jack wants to buy two pairs of socks, one bag and two hats. How much are they?
|
[
"Twenty-one yuan.",
"Nineteen yuan.",
"Eighteen dollars.",
"Nineteen dollars."
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If your child has mobile internet access, it will be more difficult to monitor and control his or her internet use. Kids are turning to the internet for everything from hanging out with friends to shopping, which makes it harder for parents to keep track of their online activities. Fortunately, there are many choices for controlling what your kids see on their computers, laptops, and mobile devices. Content blockers and filters are great tools to use for younger kids. They allow you more control over where they go and what they do online. A content blocker can block some unhealthy websites or limit a child's search to the kind of sites. A content filter can scan sites and pictures and block those sites that contain certain words, key phrases, or content. Consider tracking software for older teenagers. This software enables you to see which sites your children have visited, tracking their path online. This tool gives young people more freedom to explore the Internet, but it also allows you to check that they are using the internet responsibly. Let your teenagers know that you trust them, but that you will be regularly checking that they are visiting appropriate sites online. Even if you use content blockers, filters, and trackers, you know that a lot of kids figure out ways to get around these, so it's important to remain alert . Remember that not all adult sites can be identified by blocker, filter, or tracker software. That's why it's important to talk to your kids about what to do when something inappropriate or scary comes up. Nothing can replace involvement and supervision by adults. Keep monitoring how your kids use the internet on a regular basis without getting into the role of internet traffic police. _ is the most important for parents to monitor and control kid's internet use?
|
[
"Tracking software",
"Content blockers and filters",
"Filters and trackers",
"Involvement and supervision by adults"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
California sea lions are the fastest of all the sea lions, reaching speeds of up to 40 kilometers an hour when swimming. Males are much larger than females, measuring 2 to 2.5 meters and weighing 200 to 453 kilograms. Females only measure 1.5 to 2 meters and weigh 50 to 113 kilograms. They can also move fairly well while on land. California sea lions can be found living along the Pacific coast of North America. They prefer to live in waters near rocky and sandy shores. On land, they often gather in large groups as many as 1,000 of them. While at sea, they travel in much smaller groups of around 10 or more. They communicate with one another through a series of sounds. Their diet consists of a wide variety of fish and other sea animals. They are able to hold their breath for up to 10 minutes by slowing down their heart rate, allowing them to hunt for their prey for a longer period of time. They have been known to continuously hunt for up to 30 hours at a time, with their eyesight and hearing playing an important part in finding their food. Being so large, they do not have that many natural predators that they need to be on the lookout for. Eleven months after getting pregnant, the female will give birth to one baby on land. If the baby can survive long enough, they can live to be 20 to 25 years old. California sea lions are not listed as an endangered species. This is largely because of laws such as the US Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Hopefully such acts will continue to show results. What is the main reason why California sea lions aren't endangered?
|
[
"That they are not worth much money.",
"That they have no natural enemies.",
"That they are protected well by laws.",
"That they are good at raising the young."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a leather belt?
|
[
"90 meters",
"90 centimeters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
WASHINGTON(Reuters)-People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer , an unusual but deadly cancer, researchers reported on Monday. People who drank mostly fruit juice instead of sodas did not have the same risk, the study of 60,000 people in Singapore found. "Sugar may be to blame but people who drink sweetened sodas regularly often have other poor health habits," said Mark Pereira of the University of Minnesota, who led the study. "The high levels of sugar in soft drinks may be increasing the level of insulin in the body, which we think contributes to pancreatic cancer cell growth," President said in a statement. Writing in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Pereira and his colleagues said they followed 60,524 men and women in the Singapore--Chinese Health Study for 14 years. Over that time, 140 of the volunteers developed pancreatic cancer. Those who drank two or more sweetened soft drinks a week had an 87 percent higher risk of being among those who got pancreatic cancer. Pereira said he believed the findings would apply elsewhere. "Singapore is a wealthy country with excellent healthcare. Favorite pastimes are eating and shopping, so the findings should apply to other western countries." he said. But Susan Mayne of the Yale Cancer Center at Yale University in Connecticut was cautious. "Although this study found a risk, the finding was based on a relatively small number of cases and it remains unclear whether it was a causal connection or not." Said Mayne, who serves on thee board of the journal, which is published by the American Association for Cancer Research. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest form of cancer, with 230,000 cases globally. In the United States, 37,680 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in a year and 34, 290 die of it. We can infer from Pereira's word that _
|
[
"the healthcare in Singapore should be greatly improved",
"2 soft drinks a day are considered harmful to health",
"87 out of 140 volunteers developed pancreatic cancer",
"sugar might not be the only cause of pancreatic cancer."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Flashlights run on batteries in order to light up. Those use chemical energy, light uses
|
[
"mechanical energy",
"Light energy",
"Hyper energy",
"solar energy"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The next time you eat a piece of chocolate, be sure to enjoy it, because according to two of the world's largest chocolate makers--Mars Inc and Barry Callebaut, the treat may soon be in short supply. The problem? We are consuming the candy at a faster pace than farmers can grow cocoa. The manufacturers say that in 2013, people consumed 70,000 tons more cocoa than was produced. Experts say that this is the worst supply-demand imbalance they have experienced in more than 50 years. Parts of the reason for the condition is the large reduction in supply, caused by a continuous drought in the west African countries of Ivory Coast and Ghana, where more than 70 percent of the world's cocoa is produced. Additionally, a certain disease known as frosty pod has destroyed 30 to 40 percent of global cocoa production. As a result, many farmers have turned to more profitable and easier grown crops like corn. This means that even if conditions improve, cocoa production may never get back to normal. Meanwhile, the world is only getting hungrier for chocolate. The biggest increase in demand is from the residents of emerging market countries like India. Though their consumption is nowhere close to the amount European devour, their newly acquired amount for the treat , is making a huge dent in an already tight market. There is also the growing desire for dark chocolate, which contains more than 70 percent cocoa compared to normal chocolates. Experts believe that if consumption continue at this pace, cocoa deficits could swell to one million tons by 2020 and to an even more worrisome, two million tons, by 2030. Not surprisingly, cocoa prices have risen by 60% since 2012, a cost that manufacturers have offset by raising the prices of everyone's favorite candy. As the situation worsens, the price of chocolate can only rise--so be sure to enjoy piece of the sweet treat, like it is your last! It is hard to raise cocoa production probably because_.
|
[
"The weather is changeable in the west Africa",
"A certain disease spread around the world",
"Many farmers don't grow any longer",
"It is impossible for conditions to be improved"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Years ago people could hardly accept the ideas of a woman's being a doctor. In order to get into medical school in 1847, Elizabeth Blackwell was asked to keep it a secret that she was a woman. This was contrary to her beliefs, and she refused to do it. After entering medical school, prefix = st1 /Elizabethoften had to summon all her courage to free the unkindness of teachers and classmates. By her great efforts, she was able to complete her studies. Many people came to her graduation just to have a look at a woman doctor. Doctor Blackwell soon found that most people were not as ready as to go to a woman doctor. She had to struggle to make a living. Then came the great day when she was offered a job as a doctor in a hospital. She did so well that she was asked to organize a new hospital and medical college. TheUnited Statescan now be proud of thousands of women doctors. Many people came to see Elizabethwhen she graduated .
|
[
"because they wanted to congratulate her on being a doctor",
"but they didn't believe she would be famous in the future",
"because they wanted to find out the secret of her success",
"but they weren't sure that she could manage to finish her schooling"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The relationship between an owl and a mouse is a
|
[
"parasite-host relationship.",
"symbiotic relationship.",
"mutualistic relationship.",
"predator-prey relationship."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Mabel acquired this trait?
|
[
"Mabel's friends like to make chili with her.",
"When Mabel was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers.",
"Mabel learned how to make chili from a recipe book."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is the mass of a full box of cereal?
|
[
"18 tons",
"18 ounces",
"18 pounds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It is not a question of culture, it is not even a question of killing animals. Even a carrot dies when pulled out of the ground. It is a matter of the protection of the planet because our meat eating habits might be stressing (......) our ecological ( ) system. It's no longer --might||, we are destroying our planet. Most of the meat that we eat comes from livestock, which is about 23 billion in population and causes the waste of our natural resources. Every second of every day one football field size rainforest is destroyed, and much of it is used to farm and raise livestock. Raising the animals also requires huge quantities of water, mostly to grow the grains fed to them. It takes over 2,000 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef, which can be used for a seven-minute shower every day for a minimums of four months. Take your pick: four months without a shower or a hamburger. Meat has to be cut, cleaned and processed. One doesn't just buy a cow and start eating it. According to David Pimentel from Cornell University, it takes 20 times more energy to produce beef than tofu, and both have the same good sources of protein ( ). The waste from the animals is one of the main causes of water and air pollution. The animal waste cannot be used in the fields because it can spread diseases to humans. In 1995, 25 million gallons of animal waste flowed into the New River in North Carolina, killing 10 million fish and destroying 364,000 acres of coastal ( ) wetlands. Animal farming also produces larger quantities of greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). If your next Christmas is unusually hot or especially cold, blame the steak you ate the night before. I am not saying that everybody needs to stop eating meat right this minute. I don't think we can produce enough corns, fruits, and vegetables. I am just saying we need to cut our meat consumption , 70 grams per day is okay if we want normal weather, clean air and drinking water. According to the passage, the writer thinks we should .
|
[
"try our best to eat less meat every day",
"only eat steak for our health next Christmas",
"eat less vegetables for the clean air and water",
"feed animals instead of planting enough plants"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Olivia inherited this trait?
|
[
"Olivia's neighbor also has straight hair.",
"Olivia's biological parents have red hair. Olivia also has red hair.",
"Olivia's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts ? Around the holidays, many families don' t consider taking proper measures to prevent t heir homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home. * Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says"Hey, we are not home! "like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway. * Set several different lights in your house on random timers .Don' t leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside lights on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off. * If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with a friend, rather than having someo ne come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home. * Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don' t know what there is to take, then the risk is even greater for them to break in. * This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitore d by a professional home security system. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"To tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays.",
"To let the outdoor lights on all the time.",
"To tell us many families suffering from the thefts while they are on holiday.",
"To tell you to have your neighbor go to your house to take care of your pet."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one true statement.
|
[
"The cell membrane stores nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell.",
"The Golgi directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of an animal cell.",
"The nucleus directs an animal cell's activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In a desert environment, cactus wrens often build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators. This behavior does not hurt the cacti. Which type of relationship do cactus wrens and cholla cacti demonstrate?
|
[
"competitive",
"commensalism",
"mutualism",
"parasitism"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person who is unable to hunt for nourishment may still survive and even thrive if they
|
[
"harvest human organs",
"burn crops",
"purchase produce",
"spend time alone"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Green plants get the energy they need to make food from
|
[
"air",
"sunlight",
"water",
"soil"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Food is very important . Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge . When we are very young, we start getting knowledge. Young children like watching and listening . Color pictures especially interest them. When children are older, they enjoy reading. When something interests them, they love asking questions. Our minds, like our bodies ,always need the best food. Studying on our own brings the most knowledge. If someone is always telling us answers, we never learn well. When we study correctly and get knowledge on our own, we learn more and understand better. What kind of food do our minds need? _
|
[
"Pictures",
"Books",
"Rice",
"Knowledge"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
which of these conditions might lead to the inability to move one's bones?
|
[
"the absence of blood platelets",
"an absence of vitamin C",
"muscular wasting might be present",
"a shortage of white blood cells"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"American crocodile",
"bumble bee",
"hummingbird",
"lion"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake happiness simply leads to people feeling unhappier. So, putting a brave face on your sadness could be harmful. The research also found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes. He said, "Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional tiredness, and that's bad for the organization." He also said the research showed customer-service workers who had "fake smiles" throughout the day fell into a bad mood and didn't want to work, so their productivity dropped. The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and compare the different effects on men and women. Dr. Scott's team examined the effects of "surface acting", or fake smiling, compared to "deep acting", or making people smile by thinking of peasant memories. Dr. Scott said, "Women were harmed more by surface acting, meaning their moods worsened even more than men's. However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their moods improved more by thinking of pleasant memories. " According to Dr. Scott, women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. Therefore, forcing a smile while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings. Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says, it's not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy. "There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal. You're trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more." What is the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Fake smiling makes people unhappy.",
"Women shouldn't be forced to smile.",
"An important suggestion for workers.",
"Why people don't want to work."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are many people on the bus. Some have seats, but some have to stand. At a bus stop, a woman gets on the bus. An old man is near the door and tries to stand up. "Oh, no, thank you," the woman forces him back to the seat."Please don't do that. I can stand." "But, Madam, let me..."says the man. "I ask you to keep your seat." the woman says. She puts her hands on the old man's shoulder . But the man still tries to stand up."Madam, will you let me...?""Oh, no." says the woman. She again forces the man back. At last the old man shouts ,"I want to get off the bus!" Why does the woman put her hands on the man's shoulder?
|
[
"They are good friends.",
"She is too tired.",
"She wants to have a rest.",
"The woman wants to be polite ."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many leaves appear green because the leaves
|
[
"resist green light.",
"bend all colors except green.",
"reflect green light.",
"reflect all colors except green."
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An Australian company, Smart Car Technologies, has developed a system that lets drivers know when they're speeding. When the technology becomes commercially available, it could help lead-footed drivers avoid tickets and also save lives. The company that developed the product hopes to convince Australian government agencies to put the technology into use in their automobile fleets. The product, called Speed Alert, links real-time location data and speed obtained with the help of GPS to a database of posted speed limits stored in a driver's PDA or programmable mobile phone. The setup of the product does not need to be hooked up to a car's speedometer. In fact, it is entirely portable. It will also work with newer phones and PDAs that have built-in GPS receivers. If a driver exceeds the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds. Michael Paine, an Australian vehicle design engineer and traffic safety consultant, was hired to analyze the product. He told Live Science that his colleagues in the road safety field are "very enthusiastic" about what they're now calling "intelligent speed alert." Other research, according to Paine, shows that 40 percent of all traffic deaths involve speeding. There is also a potentially controversial future use: "Since the system is so portable, it would be easy to make it a requirement for teenage drivers to always use a speed alert device when driving," Paine said. "The system even has the capability to record speeding violations, so parents can monitor their teenage drivers." The product will soon go on sale in Sydney. Which of the following is true of Speed Alert according to Michael Paine?
|
[
"Most of the traffic deaths can be avoided.",
"Speeding violations can be easily found out.",
"The system will excite some teenage drivers.",
"The product will not be available for adults."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An object's hardness, taste, and texture are examples of
|
[
"principles",
"stages",
"properties",
"processes"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive choice, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant goers who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their perception of how food tastes. Scientists at Cornell University studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the researchers at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to rate how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment showed that the people who paid $8 enjoyed their meal 11% more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they overate. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total. Brian Wansink, a professor of consumer behavior at the university, said: "We were fascinated to find that pricing has little effect on how much one eats, but a huge effect on how you interpret the experience." He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals. In a previous study, researchers from the university showed that people who eat in bright lighting consume more than people who eat in less brightly lit areas. The passage is intended to _ .
|
[
"promote marketing methods",
"inform readers of a new study",
"teach consumers how to eat better",
"find the association between cost and quality"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Generally speaking, American food is not very thick in taste. Salads are much liked and are served all year round. Many Americans are trying to keep down their weight. This is shown in menus offering "low calorie " or "weight watchers" meals. In markets, one can find "No Cal" drinks (meaning without calories) such as cola. Many Americans drink coffee or tea with their meal. If a waiter in an American restaurant asks "Now or later?", what he means is "Do you want coffee with your meal or later?" When eating out in the USA, we can ask for tea, milk, beer, and so on, if we prefer these to coffee. American restaurants cannot serve beer, wine, or liquor unless they are licensed to do so. The main dish in American meals is usually meat, chicken or fish, but more than one of these is hardly served at the same meal. Most Americans eat quickly during the day--that is, breakfast and lunch--unless it is a social, business, or family situation. The evening meal, however, is usually a family time. Racing through daytime meals is part of the "American pace" of life, for working hours are considered important. The nationwide fast-food restaurants are suitable for the ways of American eating. The standard products, of nearly the same price, are served quickly, and taste the same whether bought in New York City or in Los Angeles. McDonald's is a popular restaurant. It offers many choices of hamburgers, French fries and "cokes". These foods are rich in fats, sugar and salt. Often, they are the major meal of the day of many young working people. At the same meal, American people usually _ .
|
[
"have meat, chicken and fish together",
"have either meat or chicken or fish",
"drink a lot of beer, wine or liquor",
"sit down together around a table"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"crayon",
"hockey puck",
"pepper tree",
"street lamp"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Vitamin E can be found naturally in different foods including milk, eggs, green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds and whole-grain foods. The body's daily requirement of vitamin E can also be met by vitamin E pills. There are several health benefits of vitamin E for our body. Vitamin E is important in protecting the cells of the skin from strong sunlight, pollution, drugs and so on. Vitamin E behaves like a regulator . It has the ability to regulate vitamin A in the body, which is an important vitamin for healthy skin. Vitamin E oil for skin is good for making skin recover from various damages caused to the skin, because of burn, etc. What's more, regular use of vitamin E oil helps in the prevention of skin cancer. How does vitamin E benefit the heart? A large number of studies have proved that vitamin E reduces the risk of heart diseases. Another has also shown that regular intake of vitamin E lowers the rate of death because of heart diseases. In addition, it has been proved that vitamin E oil benefits hair. It's suggested that you massage your skin on the head regularly with vitamin E oil for hair. Vitamin E also helps prevent signs of becoming old such as graying of hair and hair loss. Now, you may want to start taking vitamin E. However it's advised to consult your health care doctor about the amount that you take at one time, so that you can gain enough benefits from vitamin E. What advice should we follow when taking vitamin E?
|
[
"People should take the right amount of vitamin E regularly.",
"If you don't consult the doctor when taking vitamin E, you are sure to become ill.",
"People should take as much as vitamin E to keep healthy.",
"A person must take vitamin E pills if he wants to be healthy."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student prepares a report on gradual environmental changes. Which is the best topic for this report?
|
[
"forest fires in mountain regions",
"succession that transforms grassland to forest",
"decomposition of a desert rodent",
"flash flooding in a country area"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
There are an extremely large number of antsworldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.Foranimals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderfulsocial behavior. In colonies that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achievethis level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants dependprimarily on pheromone , chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tastedby fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit. In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy. Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective intelligence greater than you would expect from itsindividual parts. Ants can use pheromones for _ .
|
[
"escape",
"communication",
"warning enemies",
"arranging labor"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For many people,volunteering is a way of life.Holidays are the time of the year that more people are in a giving mood.Homeless shelters,children's hospitals,and nursing homes are excellent places to give of one's time. Volunteering in Homeless Shelters There is a homeless directory online that anyone can easily access to find the closest homeless shelter to their home.According to the homeless shelter directory,currently there are 3,233 shelters in the US,so it is not difficult to find a shelter.Helping to serve food,picking up donations of food,preparing meals,and cleaning up are things that one can do to help at a homeless shelter. Volunteering in Children's Hospitals Every child needs comfort and joy,especially during the holiday seasons.By visiting sick children in hospitals,an individual provides helping hands by supplementing the services usually done by the hospital staff.Personalizing the hospital experience adds to the comfort and happiness of the children and their families.Volunteers provide help,and positive interactions which enhance the patient's quality of care.Help is needed almost everywhere in a hospital;from the lobby,parking lot,cafeteria,to admitting,helping with the gift cart,and even reading to children in the waiting rooms or their hospital rooms. Volunteering in Nursing Homes According to the National Center for Health Statistics,"Over 50% of those living in nursing homes do not have close relatives and 46% have no living children." Life in a nursing home is lonely,confusing,and frightening for many residents. Volunteering at a nursing home is a great opportunity to make a difference in someone else's life.Playing cards,sitting with and talking to a resident,taking a walk,or sharing a meal makes a huge difference,especially when they have no other sole on earth to visit them. The three examples above are only a small fraction of institutions in which volunteers are needed.Giving of oneself,especially during the holidays blesses and cheers others. In a children's hospital,which of the following is true?
|
[
"Over 50% of those living there do not have relatives.",
"A personal visit brings happiness to a sick boy.",
"Children live a lonely and frightening life.",
"Children love listening to volunteers' reading."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved?
|
[
"matter and total energy",
"light and acoustic energy",
"density and thermal energy",
"gravity and potential energy"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Glucose is ().
|
[
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Very hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems and death. Floods, storms and other terrible natural events kill thousands of people every year. And we hear much about them in news reports. We general hear little about heat, which experts say may be nature's most dangerous killer. Health experts say that since the year 1900, very hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year--- the unusually hot summer of 1980 heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in another heat wave in one city----Chicago, Illinois. Besides drinking lots of cool water , doctors say there are some other things to do to protect against the health dangers of heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Wear loose and light--colored clothes. Wear a hat while in the sun. Eat fewer hot and heavy foods. And, when possible, cook foods during cooler time of the day. If possible, rest more often. Health experts say these simple steps can prevent the dangerous health problems caused by heat. They will prevent sickness, help you feel better and may even save your life. About 1,700 people died of heat in the US _ .
|
[
"in 1900",
"in 1980",
"in 1995",
"in 2000"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you often feel lonely? What do you do when you feel that way? Hide yourself away and spend your time reading, watching TV or walking around? You might think that feeling lonely is just like feeling happy, sad or scared -- that it's just one of your various moods. That is true. However, if you let yourself be lonely for too long without dealing with it, you could be making a serious mistake. Doctors have known for some time that feeling lonely is bad for the mind. It can lead to mental health problems such as depression, stress and reduce confidence. "Being lonely means not feeling connected or cared for, but it's not about being mentally alone," Lisa Jaremka, scientist from Ohio State University, US, told Live Science in January. And there's growing evidence that not having friends is connected with physical illness as well. In 2006, for example, scientists studied 2,800 women who had cancer. They found that those who had few friends or family were five times more likely to die of their disease than women with many social contacts. Also, even healthy people had a better chance of falling ill if they felt left out by others, according to the BBC. The results have scientists thinking that loneliness might hurt the immune system , which protects the body from diseases. Hoping to prove this theory, Jaremka and her research team put volunteers through a stress test. During the test, volunteers were asked to make an unprepared speech in front of a group of stony-faced people. The researchers found that volunteers who said they were lonely in their daily lives felt more stress during the test. And their blood samples showed that all the stress had managed to cause harmful changes to their immune system. "Loneliness has been thought of in many ways as a chronic stressor -- a socially painful situation that can last for quite a long time, " explained Jaremka, who led the study. The number of people suffering from loneliness is increasing all over the world. However, solving the problem is easier said than done. It won't work to just "tell anyone to go out and find someone to love you", said Jaremka. "We need to create support networks." What was the purpose of the stress test carried out by Jaremka's team?
|
[
"To find out how people fight diseases.",
"To prove loneliness hurts people's immune systems.",
"To find out the relationship between loneliness and stress.",
"To see how people's emotions change when they give unprepared speeches."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Wesley has naturally curly hair.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Crickets live in forests in
|
[
"Rotting Trees",
"In the desert",
"In the snow",
"The sunlight"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
By May,after three months,I had lost22pounds and reached my goal of 115 pounds.My friends would say "Alice,you look great!"or"How did you lose so much weight?"Those _ made me feel good and confident. Soon I dropped to110 pounds.A few of my friends told me that I needed to stop dieting,because I was starting to look sick. They brought me a present---- a bag of chocolates,which I later gave to my sister.My mother would come to my room,with tears in her eyes,and have long chats about how harmful this diet was and begged me to stop.My dad would leave worried messages on my cell phone at school,telling me that it would do serious harm to my body. By mid-June,when school was coming to an end,I was down to an only alive state of 95 pounds.All of a sudden,I knew I had to do something.I guessed the number itself scared me.I recalled my doctor.He told me about a girl who was 95 pounds and was at the risk of dying.I knew I was putting my life at risk,but for what? To make those who love me worried? Was it worthwhile to be thin? Now I realize that models in magazines,TV and movies are not realistic.The price to pay for the"perfect body"is living with a dangerous and sometimes deadly eating disorder.And there are more important things to think about than how thin you are. Why did the author's mother come to her room in tears?
|
[
"Because the mother was worried about her daughter's health.",
"Because the mother thought her daughter was brave enough.",
"Because the mother was sorry to have helped her daughter go on a diet.",
"Because the mother was deeply moved by her daughter's friends."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two bears, one weighing 200 pounds and another weighing 150 pounds are about to enter winter. The bear with the most weight will be
|
[
"better able to fly",
"more likely to starve",
"better suited to survive",
"more likely to hurt"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What part-time job do you do now?What do you do want to do in the future?Leave your comment here! I've been working at Burger Bam for two months.I thought I'd hate it,but it's been really good.I've learned a lot how to work with people I would never normally meet.And I'm not as shy as I was.I don't think I want to work there forever,but it's given me some ideas about how to run a business.Maybe I'll learn business when I go to college. Abby,15,from Toronto I've had my own web design business for a year. I've designed about 20 websites for my friends.I've been doing most of the work on the weekends after I do my homework! I've bought a new computer with the money I earned. A little restaurants in my neighborhood has asked me to design a website for them, so my business is growing. I'm not sure what I want to do in the future, but I really like art and design. Maybe I should go into advertising. Kwan,14,from Seattle I've been volunteering at a senior citizen center on Saturday mornings. Some of my friends think I'm crazy, doing a job for no money, but I really like it. I think that in a few months, I'll try to get a paid part-time job in a law office because I want to study law in the future. There's a lot of competition for part-time jobs, but I think my volunteering will look good on my resume. Tamanna,16,from Dallas How many people have left their comments according to the passage?
|
[
"Two.",
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five."
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The surface of the Moon is made up of
|
[
"craters, highlands, and flat areas",
"swirling gases",
"large bodies of water",
"a mixture of gases and water"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Edward inherited this trait?
|
[
"Edward's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Edward.",
"Edward's mother cuts his hair every month."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Bonnie acquired this trait?
|
[
"Bonnie's friends like to make chili with her.",
"Bonnie learned how to make chili from a recipe book.",
"When Bonnie was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Scientists have discovered thirteen kinds of vitamins. They say vitamins help to carry out chemical changes within cells. If we do not get enough of the vitamins we need in our food, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let us look at some important vitamins. Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and the yellow part of eggs. Vitamin B-1 is also called thiamine. Thiamine changes starchy foods into energy. Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice, but also in beans and peas, nuts, and meat and fish. Vitamin B-12 is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy. Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods like eggs, meat, fish and milk products. Vitamin B-12 is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods, like legumes and citrus fruits . Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth. The body stores little vitamin C. So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage. Vitamin D prevents the children's bone disease rickets . Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D. Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D. Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood. It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, kale and spinach . Vitamins are important to our health. A lack of required vitamins can lead to health problems. What can change a substance in the skin into vitamin D?
|
[
"Fish liver oil.",
"Ultraviolet light from the sun.",
"Fresh milk drunk by people.",
"Doing a certain amount of exercise."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Descending air pressure leads to
|
[
"a lower chance of rain",
"an ascending chance of showers",
"a decreased likelihood of showers",
"has zero effect on the weather forecast"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away" is one of the most common sayings in the English languages. This is because apples were one of the first foods that medical professionals recognized as healthy---their benefits became obvious when, quite simply, doctors found that people who ate apples were sick less often than those who did not. Today we have a more specific understanding of why apples are so beneficial to overall health. Apples can help keep your levels of bad cholesterol down. The pectin in apples helps you to maintain cardiovascular health and reduce LDL cholesterol(which is the "bad" kind). Apples themselves do not add cholesterol to your diet and are full of water and fiber to help weaken the cholesterol in other foods you might digest. According to Health Diaries, people who eat two apples per day may lower their cholesterol by as much as 16 percent. Apples are naturally low in calories and high in water content. Eating an apple can satisfy your hunger and keep you from reaching for high-sugar, high-calories snacks. By eating apples, you will be more able to maintain a healthy weight because they fill you up, potentially stopping you from eating food that encourages a waistline increase. Apples contain considerable levels of boron , which helps build healthy bones, and can also prevent diseases like arthritis. Apples are rich in vitamin C, which is known to help build immunity. Studies have shown that apples can decrease the risk of breast cancer and liver cancer. One theory is that the apple skins are responsible for this, so be sure not to take apple skins off before you eat them, as you could remove some of the health benefits. The author begins the passage by mentioning the saying to _ .
|
[
"make the topic easier to understand",
"bring up the topic of the text",
"supply a scientific evidence for the topic",
"show the richness of the English languages"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Common sense would tell us that physically active children may be more likely to become active and healthy adults. In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week. That is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association recommend. They say high schools should provide about four hours of physical activity each week. Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Just this week, a study reported that life _ has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in fatness, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country. In 2006, a study found that only four percent of primary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E. Charlene Burgeson , a health expert says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school. Yet many parents today still have bad memories of being chosen last for teams because teachers favored the good athletes in class. But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training and yoga. Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation. What is the main idea about this passage?
|
[
"P.E. is the most important subject for all students.",
"P.E has changed its goal for some reasons in America.",
"It introduces us the present situation of P.E in American schools and its cause.",
"P.E can help students improve their academic subjects."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Meiosis contributes to the process of reproduction by producing what type of cell?
|
[
"aneuploid",
"diploid",
"haploid",
"polyploid"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these tools would be best to use when observing insects in a field?
|
[
"compass",
"hand lens",
"microscope",
"thermometer"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Some birds have scooped beaks, but others have sharp beaks such as
|
[
"peregrine falcons",
"pelicans",
"toucans",
"snakes"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Water evaporates and falls back to Earth as rain or snow. What is the primary energy source that drives this cycle?
|
[
"The wind",
"The Sun",
"Air pressure",
"Ocean currents"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Red-clay bricks have a density of approximately 2000 kg/m^3. Air has a density of 1 kg/m^3. Which of the following has the lowest mass?
|
[
"2 m^3 of bricks",
"4 m^3 of bricks",
"6000 m^3 of air",
"10,000 m^3 of air"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
New Way to Experience Dentistry Have you ever had your hand held during a dental procedure you feel uneasy about? What about a dental office that mimics the spirit of Disneyland? If you're looking for a dental office that provides the best care and the best environment, you're looking for Dr.Licking's office in Sunnyvale. Officer manager Judy, who has worked with Dr.Licking for 38 years, speaks highly of his kindness.She believes that the office is "the Disneyland of dentistry".Everyone from children to their grandparents loves the environment and care they receive from this welcoming office. Dr.Licking is known as the best dental care provider for anyone who fears facing appointments with the dental office.The staff goes out of their way to make patients feel comfortable and at ease.Dr.Licking and Judy set the standard with their saying, "when someone comes to your home, you stand up and welcome them, like an old family friend." Dr.Licking's office has all.They recently relocated to put the new equipment into their practice.The office is equipped with an intra-oral video camera, and as a patient you can get pictures of your teeth as you're walking out the door. Setting himself apart from other dentists, Dr.Licking continues his education beyond what is required.For this reason, he is one of few dentists in the country who offers ozone treatment.Ozone can naturally stop decay in its tracks.For more information on this new technology, visit their website at www.drjohnlicking.com. Dr.Licking's office is Diamond Certified, an honor given only to companies with the higher quality after extensive and continual research.Dr.Licking's office extends an invitation to you to meet their gentle staff and offers you a free office visit, including x-rays and an exam. The office holds extended hours ranging from 7 a.m.to 8 p, m., Monday through Thursday.Don't worry if you have an emergency.Dr.Licking's office responds to all emergencies and urgent calls. JOHN LICKING, D.D.S. Cosmetic & Family Dentistry since 1970 408--736--6235 drjohnlicking.com 877 W.Fremont Ave.Suite C3, Sunnyvale The passage is written to _ .
|
[
"introduce a famous dentist",
"show a new treatment for tooth decay",
"advise people to have their teeth examed",
"invite people to visit Dr.Licking's office"
] | 3D
|
professional_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which water balloon has less thermal energy?
|
[
"the colder water balloon",
"the hotter water balloon"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A couple having a baby want to guess if the child will share the same eye color as mother and father so they
|
[
"chart the likelihood",
"pray for peace",
"take a vacation",
"inject a dye"
] | 0A
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Breathing is when the lungs convert oxygen from inhaled air into
|
[
"oxygen dispersed from respiratory bronchioles through air sacs to hemoglobin proteins",
"Glucose particles in the blood",
"nitrogen oxide in the blood",
"carbon monoxide in the blood"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Almost everyone has dropped some food on the floor and still wanted to eat it.If someone saw you drop it, he or she might have shouted, " 5-second rule!" This so-called rule says food is OK to eat if you pick it up in five seconds or less.But is that true? Professor Anthony Hilton from Ashton University, UK, tested the rule with his students.They found that food dropped for five seconds is less likely to contain bacteria than if it sits there for longer. For the study, Hilton and his students tested a lot of foods----bread, pasta, cookies and candy--to see how much bacteria they had when they made contact with the floor.They allowed the food to lie on the different types of flooring--carpet , laminate and tile -- for three seconds to 30 seconds. Not surprisingly, the longer the food was on the floor, the more bacteria it had.And the type of floor where the dropped food landed had an effect.Bacteria are least likely to transfer from carpet, while they are most likely to transfer laminate or tiled surface after more than five seconds. The study also found that the wetter the food, the more likely it was to pick up bacteria.Although most people are happy to follow the 5-second rule, eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk."It very much depends on which bacteria are on the floor at the time." Hilton told Forbes. Hilton's test wanted to find out _ .
|
[
"if the \"5-second rule\" is true",
"the students' favorite food",
"which food is easily dropped",
"if different types of floor have different bacteria"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scattered throughout the various reports on sleep research are several that describe some unusual behavior by people who are sleepwalking. These include eating, making phone calls and even murder. Now, there's a new case appearing in one more study on this strange phenomenon: sleep e-mailing. In an article published in journal Sleep Medicine, prefix = st1 /SetonHallUniversityresearchers document the following case of a 44-year-old woman: This woman received a puzzling phone call from a friend who said she was accepting her dinner invitation -- an invitation that the woman could not remember having made. The friend reminded the woman of the e-mail she had sent the night before -- an e-mail of which the woman also had no recollection . However, a quick search through her sent e-mail folder did turn up one strange e-mail. She had apparently sent it to her friend -- at 11:47 the previous night. The puzzling message said: "I don't get it. Please explain Lucy! Come tomorrow and sort this out! Dinner and drinks, 4 pm? Wine and caviar to bring only. Everything else, a guess? There were two other e-mails sent to her friend at 11:50pm and 11:53 pm, each of which seemed to be written in a strange language, full of capitalization errors and phrases that didn't make sense. According to Dr Fouzia Siddiqui, lead author of the case study, this particular sleepwalking case was unique and was the first and only published account of "sleep e-mailing". "Sleepwalking has occurred in the past where people would undertake other activities such as cooking or moving furniture around," Siddiqui said. " But this case is unique in that she wasn't just sleeping but doing complex things like turning on her computer, remembering her user name and password and typing entire e-mails." Just what is sleepwalking? It is actually a kind of sleep disorder. Studies have found that somewhere between 5 and 10 percent of people are sleepwalkers. It comes from a mixture of wakefulness and non-REM sleep. Sleepwalkers can carry out complex behavior such as driving, walking, e-mailing and telephoning in a sleep-like state. People with high levels of stress and anxiety, or those who have a family history of sleepwalking are more likely to experience it. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"It analyzes what sleepwalking is and its effects on people.",
"It explains to readers why and how sleepwalking forms.",
"It mainly reports on a recent unique case of sleepwalking.",
"It tells about various kinds of sleepwalking there are."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An athlete is running a race. The athlete's body needs energy. Which organelle(s) in the athlete's cells supply the energy for cellular functions?
|
[
"Golgi apparatus",
"mitochondrion",
"ribosome",
"nucleus"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're someone who is eager to do something beyond the ordinary, you must have figured out by now that there will always be those who are jealous or resentful of your success. It doesn't matter that you've worked long and hard to get where you are, nor that you've made great sacrifices in achieving your goals. The "haters" will always find a reason to speak ill of you and even condemn you. They're spiteful people who envy you the pride you have in yourself and the recognition you're receiving from others. They can't stand it that you're happy, fulfilled and achieving your goals. These hateful individuals are unwilling to do the work that you've done. They hate your success but are too lazy to invest real time or energy in achieving their own goals. The thing you need to know about these haters is that the only reason they behave this way is that you have something they want, but they aren't willing to work for it. The haters are convinced that you've been lucky or that you've had some unfair advantage, but the truth is that your success is born of your untiring efforts, and it's these efforts that have brought about your "luck." The best way to deal with haters is what I call the "one-two punch." First, don't let them hurt you. Be happy about your success and proud of your accomplishments. Company with those who approve you, recognize you and support you, and never doubt that you deserve all the success. The haters are angry, jealous people. What they think or say is meaningless. Next, the more the haters annoy you, the more you should be motivated to succeed. They want to ruin you, but your response should be to work that much harder in order to increase your level of success. When your reaction to their bad behavior has inspired you to achieve further success, you've transformed the haters' negativity into fuel for your creative fires. Not only can they not hurt you but they've inspired you onto even greater heights by chance. What 's the author's attitude to the "haters"?
|
[
"supportive.",
"sympathetic.",
"angry.",
"Critical."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello, I'm Kan. I like different kinds of food. I like hamburgers, ice cream, salad and orange juice. For breakfast, I often have some milk and hamburgers. I don't like dessert. My favorite football star, Ronaldo eats lots of healthy food. He likes eggs and vegetables for breakfast. For lunch, he eats hamburgers, potatoes, chicken, oranges and apple juice. For dinner, he likes meat and French fries. He doesn't have dessert. " I like football better." He says. Ronaldo likes _ better.
|
[
"dessert",
"basketball",
"football",
"running"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
First lady's campaign brings change WASHINGTON (AP) -- Wal-Mart is putting special labels on some products to help shoppers quickly notice healthier ones. Millions of schoolchildren are helping themselves to vegetables from salad bars in their lunchrooms, and kids' meals at Olive Garden and Red Lobster restaurants come with a side of fruit or vegetables and a glass of low-fat milk. These changes are taking place due to the campaign against childhood fatness, for which the first lady Michelle Obama began fighting three years ago. Fatness has become a serious problem in the country. About one-third of U.S. children are overweight, which puts them at increased risk for any number of deadly illnesses, including high blood pressure and heart disease. Still, Mrs. Obama faces challenge. Not everyone welcomes her effort. Some blame her for going too far and say she has no right to tell what people should and shouldn't eat. But nutrition supporters and others praise her for using her influence to help bring interests to the table. They said the first lady has raised public awareness about fatness, which will help decrease childhood fatness rates. There is evidence of small decrease in childhood fatness rates in some parts of the country. New York reported a 5.5 percent drop in fatness rates in kindergarteners through eighth-graders between the 2006-07 and 2010-11 school years. In Philadelphia, the drop was 4.7 percent among students in grades K-12. Fighting against children fatness is hard work, but it's well worth the effort. The first lady is planning a promotional tour. She has been talking up the campaign against childhood fatness on daytime and late-night TV shows and on the radio. She also plans discussions next week on Google and Twitter. "We've been spending a lot of time educating and re-educating families and kids on how to eat, what to eat," the first lady said. "We're starting to see some changes and we're starting to show some improvement." What is the purpose of the campaign started by the first lady?
|
[
"To call on healthy eating.",
"To reduce childhood fatness rate.",
"To show the harm caused by fatness.",
"To educate people how to avoid illness."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Canada you can find dogs, cats, horses, etc. in almost every family. These are their pets. People love these pets and have them as their good friends. Before they keep them in their houses, they take them to animal hospitals to give them injections so that they won't carry disease. They have special animal food stores, though they can get animal food in almost every kind of store. Some people spend around two hundred Canadian dollars a month on animal food. When you visit people's houses, they would be very glad to show you their pets and they are very proud of them. You will also find that almost every family has a bird feeder( ) in their garden. All kinds of birds are welcomed to come and go and nobody animal in Canada. They have a law against an animal happened to get run over by a car, people would be very sad about it. They give their pets injections before keeping them at their houses because _ .
|
[
"the pets are sick",
"the pets are wild",
"they want to stop them from carrying disease",
"they want them to sleep on the way home"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Casey has found several identical marine animals attached to an artificial reef in the Gulf of Mexico. Which characteristic would identify the animals as mollusks?
|
[
"brain",
"tentacles",
"muscular foot",
"hard outer casing"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sweet peas, cucumbers, grapes ---- what do you think they have in common? None of these vegetables grow on trees. They all don't have strong roots, big trunks or long branches, which makes it harder for them to get sunlight. But don't worry. They have developed their own unique way of growing taller climbing! Take sweet peas as an example. The plant grows as a straight stem until it finds something to hold onto, either a nearby tree or a stick. That is when the stem makes small coil that helps the plant hold the stick tightly. How these plants are able to do this has been a mystery to scientists for years. Even Charles Darwin was interested in this question. But it is not until now that a Harvard research team has finally found the answer. The study was published in the Journal Science earlier this month. The key, as it turns out, is inside a kind of thread-like cell called "g-fiber cell", which has the ability to shrink or stretch. Each stem of the pea plant is made of several layers of g-fibers. Once the plant finds something to hold onto, cells on side of the stem start to shrink, forcing the whole thing to bend and coil, which is a bit like how our muscles get our bodies to move. What's more, a pea's coil is not exactly like that of a spring. If you look closely, you may find that a spring coils all in the same direction, but a plant's coil is in two opposite directions, like a telephone line. This means that the stem can stay soft when pulled gently but become strong enough when pulled harder. "You want the plant to have a little bit of flexibility so that if the wind blows or an animal disturb it, it doesn't break," explained Sharon Gerbode, author of the study. "This structure allows the plant to easily accommodate small movement, but then if something really serious happens it can become strong and protect itself." According to the article, which one is true about "a sweet pea's coil"?
|
[
"to be like that of a spring",
"to bend all in the same direction",
"to make the stem hard break",
"to make the stem get soft when pulled hard"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you flick an empty glass of water with your finger it will
|
[
"fill up",
"burst in flames",
"make a sound",
"evaporate"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An astronomer is studying two stars that are the same distance from Earth. Star X appears brighter than star Y. Which statement best explains this observation?
|
[
"Star X is larger than star Y.",
"Star Y is larger than star X.",
"Star X reflects the Sun’s light better than star Y.",
"Star Y reflects the Sun’s light better than star X."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Your friends might be in Australia or maybe just down the road, but they are all just a few clicks away. Life has changed for millions of young people across the world who now make friends online. Whether you use chat-rooms, QQ, MSN or ICQ, you are a member of this group. "I don't often talk with my parents or grandparents, but I talk a lot with my old friends on QQ," said Fox's Shadow, the online name used by a girl student in China. "Most of my classmates use QQ after school." QQ is the biggest messaging service in China. A record from Tencent, the company which developed QQ, shows that 4 million people used it one Saturday night in October. And probably Fox's Shadow was one of them. "I _ on Friday nights, and Saturdays or Sundays when I feel everything around me boring. I usually spend about ten hours chatting online every week," she said. "But I never talk with strangers, especially boys or men." Even though she likes chatting, she is careful about making friends with strangers online. "You don't know who you're talking to. You should always be careful about whom you believe in online." Many people would like to meet offline when they feel they have known someone very well. Fox's Shadow once met one of her online friends face to face. It was a girl who was a football fan like herself and they went to a football match together. A 16-year-old Beijing boy, named Bart Simon online, dislikes QQ users. "I used to chat on QQ, but I found that most people were talking about foolish things," he said. Now he chats online in English, using MSN. "I only chat online because I've got friends in Japan, the US and Singapore," he said. "I want to learn more about foreign cultures." But he spends little time chatting on QQ as he sees it as a waste of time and money. "If you are really addicted to it, sometimes you can't give your mind to your lessons," he said. "And friends in your real life are always more important than those so-called friends you meet online." Fox's Shadow thinks QQ is _ .
|
[
"a good place to spend her time when bored",
"the biggest messaging service in China",
"a safe place to chat with strangers",
"the best place to make friends"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study. For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers' health. But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life. However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people's physical and psychological health. These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages of authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects. For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay. Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety. "This isn't to suggest that having authority is 'bad' -- in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them." researcher Scott Schieman said. Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy physical and mental well-being by creating stress. "These are key stressors that can tax individuals' ability to function effectively," Schieman said. The best title for this passage might be _ .
|
[
"Lower-status can affect health",
"Authority can affect health in a way",
"Positive aspects of a power position",
"Disadvantages of being a boss"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Not a day goes by when we don't use the World Wide Web. Today it has become almost as important to every family as food and water! This year, the World Wide Web has turned 25 years old. What many people don't know is that the web was at first created to improve communication between thousands of scientists in Switzerland. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee was a 34-year-old British physicist working as a software engineer at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Switzerland. Since CERE was a huge organization with thousands of scientists, communication between them was becoming increasingly difficult. Berners-Lee wanted to develop a system to solve the problem. His paper suggested an information system, where a page on one computer could have a link to another page on another computer ( connected through the Internet) allowing scientists to read lots of information quickly. However, Berners-Lee's boss said that it sounded exciting but impossible. Even though there were many difficulties and few supporters, Berners-Lee went on to develop the World Wide Web. He came up with ideas such as Hyper-text Transfer Protocol to allow computers to talk to each other, Hyper-text Markup Language (HTML) to create the pages, a server to serve the pages, and a browser to see them. In December 1990, the World Wide Web was demonstrated and in 1991, the WWW project was made public, so that other programmers could develop their own browsers. Berners-Lee believed that it could be used for more than scientific purposes. He wanted the Internet to be easy for anyone to use-a free open software. His wishes soon came true. Although the World Wide Web has today turned into a completely different thing from what it meant at first, it has become necessary and important to our lives, powering our mobile technologies and the way we get information. According to the text, Berners-Lee_.
|
[
"doesn't give up easily when in trouble",
"has worked at CERN for 25 years",
"is a 55-year-old Swiss physicist",
"knows little about the Internet"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these would most likely improve the air quality in large Texas cities?
|
[
"Limiting the number of cars on the roads",
"Switching to wood stoves for home heating",
"Requiring large vehicles to use diesel fuel",
"Maintaining filters in large buildings"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which of these is a composite material?
|
[
"a glass window",
"a bronze statue",
"an aluminum can",
"a fiberglass bumper"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics( USSR),Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctore told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins ' problem and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead,he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. .' He began to experiment on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain -free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days,Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television,reading funny books,and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks,he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto . Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise. After a few months,Mr. Cousins returned to work. He has laughed himself back to health. What part of his body was affected by the illness?
|
[
"The bones in his feet.",
"His mind when he slept.",
"The material between his bones.",
"His stomach."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can we make animals work for us? Some scientists think that one day we can teach animals to do a lot of things for people. They say that in a film or on TV you may see elephants, monkeys, dogs or some other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find those animals are always given a little food to eat after they have done something. Scientists say that people can teach many different animals to do some easy work if they know they will get something to eat. We all know elephants can carry large logs and dogs can look after houses. And we can even teach animals to work in factories. In America, for example, people use apes to help make cars. Scientists think that those big monkeys may, one day, drive trains. Now people are trying to let them do something just like man. At present people are letting elephants do some _ work.
|
[
"difficult",
"heavy",
"light",
"busy"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When different species of birds flock together, their flight formations are determined by social dynamics both between and within species. New research from the Universities of Cambridge and Exeter reveals for the first time that, contrary to current models used to explain the movement of flocks, the differences between bird species and social relationships between individuals play a critical role in determining the dynamics of mixed-species flocks. The unified behaviour of bird flocks has puzzled scientists for hundreds of years. One naturalist from the turn of the century even suggested telepathy may be involved. There have since been more logical explanations, including mathematical models that show that repeated interactions among individuals following simple rules can _ coordinated group movements. However, these models usually rely on the assumption that individuals within groups are identical and interact independently, which may not reflect reality. Jolle Jolles, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology and author of the paper, said:"Spectacular collective behaviour can be found in a large range of animal species, and we now know that often these complex coordinated group movements may be the result of individuals following simple rules. However, rarely are the individual characteristics and social relationships within them taken into account. Our research highlights that these striking displays of group behaviour are much more complex." By analysing high-resolution photographs of mixed flocks of rooks and jackdaws (both from the corvid family), the researchers found that rather than individuals interacting in a consistent fashion throughout the flock, interactions depended on social dynamics between the different species as well as relationships within a species. The researchers discovered that birds prefer to fly close to members of their own species, and that the larger and more dominant rooks take the lead by flying near the front of flocks. Additionally, the lifelong, monogamous pair bonds that are characteristic of both species seem to be reflected in flight, as birds often fly particularly close to a single, same-species partner. Dr Alex Thornton, principal investigator of the Cambridge Jackdaw Project, now at the University of Exeter and author of the paper, said: "Together, our findings demonstrate that to understand the structure of groups -- such as bird flocks -- we need to consider the characteristics and relationships of the individuals within them." According to Jolle Jolles, what are seldom considered about coordinated group movement?
|
[
"Individual characteristics and social relationship between them",
"Repeated interactions among individuals and social dynamics",
"Telepathy and social relationship between them",
"The structure of groups and the varieties of species"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Young people frequently say that they want to exercise, but they just can't find the time. The solution just might be in-office interval training. Recent studies show that very short but intense exercise rapidly builds and maintains fitness and health, even when the workout is only a few minutes long. Work the stairs You can complete an excellent, effective -- and very brief -- workout in an office stairwell, says Martin Gibala, a professor of kinesiology at McMaster University in Canada and an expert on interval training. For a study that he and his colleagues presented earlier this year, they asked 12 out-of-shape women in their 20s to warm up for two minutes by slowly walking up and down stairs in a campus office building. They completed three of these abbreviated stair workouts per week for six weeks. By the end, their aerobic fitness had improved substantially, the researchers reported, by about as much as if they had been running or cycling each week for hours. Fidget your way to fitness. Parents and teachers may once have urged you to sit still, but wiggling, tapping your toes, standing briefly, and otherwise fidgeting as much as possible at your desk is in fact good for your body. In one recent study, college students showed healthier blood flow in their lower legs if they fidgeted than if they did not. Even better, a 2008 study found that among office workers, those who frequently fidgeted burned as many as 300 calories more each day than those who resolutely stayed still. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
|
[
"several ways to work out within short time",
"short exercise does no good to health",
"how to find time to exercise",
"fitness can be improved"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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