question
stringlengths 4
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| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
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stringclasses 32
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stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Many stars can be seen in the sky at night. Which statement best explains why the Sun appears brighter than the stars seen in the night sky?
|
[
"The Sun is bigger than the stars seen in the night sky.",
"The Sun is smaller than the stars seen in the night sky.",
"The Sun is closer to Earth than the stars seen in the night sky.",
"The Sun is farther from Earth than the stars seen in the night sky."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An old T-shirt can be ripped into smaller pieces and used as rags. An empty milk jug can be used to water houseplants. Both of these are examples of how
|
[
"saving water conserves future resources",
"using old materials can waste money",
"plants need water to be healthy",
"everyday materials can be reused"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The nation's largest group of pediatricians on Monday urged its members to "firmly oppose boxing for any child or adolescent." In a statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) said thousands of boys and girls take part in the sport in North America, despite risks of serious brain and facial injuries. The group's position was approved by some experts. "There is very little one can do in order to increase the chance of having a healthy brain when you get old," said Dr. Hans Forstl, who has studied boxing injuries. " One of the best things you can do is avoid boxing." He said. According to the new statement, published in the journal Pediatrics, information from Canada shows a rise in boxing injuries over the past decade. Pat Russo, a retired police officer who runs a boxing gym in Brooklyn, New York, said injuries are rare in amateur boxing. After 26 years and training thousands of kids, he has seen just one split lip among his students. " If the gym is run properly, injuries are at an absolute minimum," Russo said. "Football is ten times more dangerous. While tennis or football might also help kids gain confidence, boxing holds a special attraction for children in poor neighborhoods, because it allows them to act tough while in trouble." Dr. Robert Cantu, a surgeon at Emerson Hospital in Concord, Massachusetts, said AAP's attitude makes sense for upper-class and middle-class kids. " Clearly boxing is safer today than it was 20 or 30 years ago, but it is still a very risky activity," he said. "For kids in poor areas, however, the situation is different," said Cantu. " The most dangerous thing for the majority of people in boxing is just where they live. They are far safer in the ring , even taking blows to the head, than they are out in the neighborhood." Pat Russo believes that boxing injuries are _ .
|
[
"still on the rise today",
"not a serious problem in his gym",
"not common in poor neighborhood",
"more dangerous than football injuries"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Asgore's phenotype for the coat color trait?
|
[
"a reddish-brown coat",
"a black coat"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which is a way the agricultural biotechnology industry could have a positive impact on the environment?
|
[
"by producing crops that are virus resistant",
"by making robots to replace large farm machines",
"by reducing the need for countries to import food",
"by increasing the use of wind farms that produce electricity"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments .In the U.S., the figure is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan. The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyers pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping, It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment. There is ,however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan. Goods bought on installments are more expensive than goods bought by cash because _ .
|
[
"the buyer has to pay extra money as interest",
"the delivery of the goods charges extra money",
"the buyer has to pay a down payment",
"The service offered by installment plan charged extra money"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Imagine being bald and walking into class at school. You escape to the back row but see other students pointing at you and talking about you. You feel embarrassed. After school, you run home to avoid talking to anyone. Some medical problems cause people to lose their hair. This can be embarrassing for adults, but for children it is even worse. They often feel bad about themselves, and other children laugh at them. In her 20s, Madonna Coffman developed alopecia, a skin disease that causes hair loss. She recovered after a few years, but 15 years later, her 4-year-old daughter developed alopecia. Her daughter's feelings encouraged Coffman to make Locks of Love a non-profit organization. Locks of Love provides hairpieces for children who lose their hair for medical reasons. Children from poor families receive hairpieces for free or at prices their families can afford. The organization hopes to increase the children's confidence and help them enjoy a more normal life. The hairpieces are made of hair donated by ordinary people. They grow their hair long, cut off at least 10 inches of it and mail it to Locks of Love. Locks of Love then sends the hair to the company that makes hairpieces. The organization says that 80% of those who give their hair are children who want to help other children. The hairpieces are easy to wear and fit the wearer's head very well. No one except the children who wear the hairpieces can take them off. This lets the children run, play and swim without worrying about the hairpiece falling off. And other children won't be able to pull the hairpiece off either. These hairpieces do more than change how the children look. They help kids to enjoy their childhood. The children can join in activities, make friends and face each day with confidence. Locks of Love allows kids to be kids again. According to the text, the hairpieces are _ .
|
[
"comfortable and safe",
"made of children's hair",
"made by Locks of Love",
"offered to children for free"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Microwaves may be great at warming up food, but what about warming people? Using microwaves to directly heat owners of a room would save much of the energy wasted by heating walls and furniture. And despite popular ideas about microwaves, this technique would be safe, according to Charles R. Burlier of the Microwave Research Center in Marlborough, New Hampshire. Low-power microwaves only penetrate the skin (low-power microwave penetration in a ham is about 0.2 inches, for example) and with no negative effects. To test this idea, Buffler subjected himself to microwaves in a special room using a standard 500-watt, 2459 MHz magnetron . He found that a person will start to feel warmth at about 20 milliwatts per square centimeter (mw. / sq. cm. ) ; a satisfactory feeling of warmth occurs between 35 and 50mw. / sq. cm. By comparison, a person standing in noonday summer sun feels the amount of 85 mw. / sq. cm. And a frozen meat pie in your microwave oven receives about 1000 mw. / sq. cm. In houses of the future, each room could be provided with its own magnetron, says Buffler. When you stepped into the living room, for example, a motion detector would turn on the magnetron, filling the room with low-power microwaves. In the same way that a microwave oven heats up a hamburger, but not the plate it's on, you would feel warmth from the microwaves without changing the temperature of your coffee table. (You could, however, make your favorite easy chair even more comfortable by treating it with a radiation-absorbing chemical.) While it might be some time before homeowners are comfortable enough with the idea to set up whole-body microwave heaters in houses, Buffler says microwaves may attract livestock farmers. Lambs that are born outdoors in winter, for example, are frequently lost to cold. Microwaves could warm the lambs safely and quickly. The test conducted by Buffler shows that when a person feels comfortable warmth, he receives about _ .
|
[
"20 mw. / sq. cm.",
"40 mw. / sq. cm.",
"60 mw. / sq. cm.",
"85 mw. / sq. cm."
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sam Berns wasn't like any other boy. He was 17 and he had an aging disease known as progeria. "Even though I have many difficulties in my life, I don't want people to feel bad for me," Sam said during a TED talk. Progeria affects approximately one in every 4 million to 8 million newborns. Right now, there are only about 200 children living with it worldwide. The genetic change tied to _ causes those with the disease to produce the protein progerin, which blocks normal cell function. His view on life is extremely inspiring. He had to face challenges no one else could even dream of. As children with progeria age rapidly, they suffer from a loss of body fat and hair and an inability to gain weight. That didn't keep Sam down, though. "All in all, I don't waste energy feeling bad for myself," Sam said. "I surround myself with people that I want to be with. And I keep moving forward." This boy from Boston was so amazing, famous people and athletes wanted to take him under their own. Last Saturday night could have been an amazing moment for Sam. One of his favorite teams, the New England Patriots, wanted to make him their honorary captain during a playoff game. Instead, it just was't meant to be. Sam passed away before he had a chance to stand next to his team, so they held a moment of silence before the game for him. Sam's unbelievable view on life, and his deep effect on others, is hard to forget. He was presented with so many challenges in life but he wasn't afraid to face them. Be more like Sam, this wonderful teen. Surround yourself with positive people, love them and move forward. According to the passage, Sam Berns was a boy _ .
|
[
"of great intelligence",
"of complete failure",
"with an optimistic view on life",
"with a passive view on life"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The digestive system digests what for the body?
|
[
"water",
"metal",
"sustenance",
"rocks"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these is the best definition of heredity?
|
[
"the transfer of learning from one generation to the next",
"the transfer of visible features from one generation to the next",
"the passage of dominant genes from one generation to the next",
"the passage of genetic information from one generation to the next"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 78°F",
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 73°F",
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 87°F"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
There is a joke among flu researchers: "If you've seen one flu season, you've seen one flu season." The joke is about the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and everystrain follows its own pattern -- it's the reason why new strains like H1N1 are extremely difficult to predict. Dr. Michael Osterholm is a former adviser to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. "I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago," he says in a joking way. "Every stone we've turned over, we get more questions." The flu rectums every season and the world experiences terriblepandemics , but researchers still do not understand why some strains infect people and others do not; they are not entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become seriously ill while others develop mildsymptoms . As a result, when a new strain shows up -- like H1N1 -- they often have little information to _ , and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somewhat helpful. While researchers are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elder1y are not the mostvulnerable population. Influenza's unpredictable nature makes it a moving target for researchers, says researcher Allison Aiello at the University of Michigan. "Even if we had complete seasonal flu data from the past, it wouldn't be much helpful for a new strain of influenza," she explains. Whi1e researchers are frustrated by the holes in their knowledge, they say, however, that the pub1ic--health community is generally doing a very good job responding to H1N1 with seasonal flu data that do exist. Studying influenza, says Osterholm, is "like looking through the windows of a house you can't get into because the door is locked." Gathering the data researchers do have is like "looking through the windows to get a pretty good picture of what the inside looks like." One thing researchers do know for sure: the best way for people to protect against H1N1 is to get the vaccine once it becomes available to them. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Outbreaks of the flu",
"Symptoms of the flu",
"Mysteries of the flu",
"Risks of the flu"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these soil changes is due only to natural causes?
|
[
"Loss of minerals due to farming.",
"Deserts forming due to tree cutting.",
"Flooding due to dam construction.",
"Minerals washing out due to heavy rain."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which most likely contributes to the rotational pattern of a hurricane that develops in the Atlantic Ocean?
|
[
"Gulf Stream",
"Coriolis effect",
"low relative humidity",
"high-pressure systems"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children's party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our economies, he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world's resources, confident that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is less a grassland than a spaceship--a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental limits. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. "Ecological economists", as they call themselves, want to revolutionise its aims and assumptions. What do they say--and will their ideas achieve lift-off? To its advocators, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognise that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is ignored in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a mistake, say ecological economists. There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the former, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a crude measure which does not take account of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. In its place they advocate moreholistic approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), a composite index that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person peaked in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-guru, is a "steady-state" economy, where the use of materials and energy is held constant. Mainstream economists are unimpressed. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists warn against self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already overstepping safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong. Kenneth Boulding and the content of his essay at the beginning of this passage are meant to .
|
[
"point out how ignorant of nature the cowboys are",
"blame human beings for their exploitation of nature",
"ask people to take seriously the environment limits",
"introduce ecological economists and ecologist economics"
] | 3D
|
econometrics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Dissolving sugar in water is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Money Matters for Students GETTING A GRANT Who pays? The local education authority (LEA) for the area in which the student is living. Who can get this money? Anyone who gets a place on a first degree course,although a student who has already attended a course of advanced further education may not.Students must also have been resident in the UK for at least three years,which can exclude some students from overseas. SPECIAL CASES If a student has worked before going to college: A student who is 26 or more before the course starts and who has worked for at least three of the previous six years will get extra money--PS 155 a year if 26,increasing to a maximum of PS 615 at 29 or more. If a student is handicapped: LEAs will give up to PS 500 to help meet extra expenses--such as buying a tape recorder for a blind student,extra heating or special food. Banking: Most of the big banks offer special services to students who open accounts (in the hope that they will stay with the bank when they become rich officials).A student won't usually have to pay bank charges as long as the account stays in credit.Some banks allow students to overdraw by PS 100 or so,and still don't make charges (though they do charge interest). A student who cannot walk has to buy a wheelchair costing PS 750 to go to classes.How much of the cost will he have to pay himself?
|
[
"PS 150.",
"PS 250.",
"PS 500.",
"PS 750."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a basketball court?
|
[
"25 feet",
"25 inches",
"25 yards",
"25 miles"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Trent acquired this trait?
|
[
"Trent's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.",
"Trent likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.",
"Trent's friend taught him how to fly a kite."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Ever tried taking smart drugs to perform better in exams? They certainly work. Before last summer's exam, a few of my mates, merely out of curiosity, took a considerable amount of Modafinil, a drug normally used for narcolepsy . Guess what? While I was feeling sleepy, bored by revision, my mates were more focused. Modafinil is a smart drug that gives a user a feeling of staying awake for hours. It also sharpens the mind, improves memory and helps problem-solving. But it does more than just keeping you awake. It disturbs your mental system, making you desperate to do what you are doing. You just don't want to do anything else but revise all the time non-stop. A recent study discovers that healthy people use smart drugs, like Modafinil, to get down to and complete tasks they have been putting off, because these tasks seem more enjoyable when taking these drugs. This might sound like what a stressed student desires. However, the pills have a range of side-effects. "At present no evidence shows that these drugs are safe in healthy people," as a medical expert puts it, "Ordering online, though easy, is a dangerous way to obtain drugs. You never know what you're actually purchasing. " In my experience, Modafinil changes people's behaviour too. Over those weeks my friends became different people--in turn aggressive, cold. Even eating became "a waste of time" and so did conversation. A BBC survey found that of those who had tried smart drugs before, 92% would do so again. My friends say they'd happily do so without considering the practice a form of cheating. I admit I was curious--but not enough to try it. Seeing the strange behaviour of other users, I feel a little bit upset and scary. Modafinil may promise to change your grades, but it might also change the way you act. Don't say you haven't been warned! According to the author, his mates took Modafinil for the purpose of _ .
|
[
"escaping from reality",
"getting better exam results",
"curing their narcolepsy",
"leading an active life"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Penguins can taste only sour and salty food, scientists have discovered. A genetic study suggests the flightless birds lost three of the five basic tastes long ago in evolution. Taste is critical for survival in most animals, but may not matter in the penguin, which swallows fish whole, say researchers in China and the US. Many other birds are unable to taste sweet things, but they do have receptors for detecting bitter and umami (or meaty) flavours. The discovery was made when researchers decoding penguin genomes found some of the taste genes were missing. A closer look at the DNA of penguins revealed that all species lack functioning genes for the receptors of sweet, umami, and bitter tastes. "Based on genetic data, penguins are believed to have sour and salty tastes, but have lost sweet, umami, and bitter tastes," lead researcher Prof Jianzhi Zhang, of the University of Michigan, US, and Wuhan University, China, told the reporter. The umami taste gives food the strong, savoury flavour associated with meat. Lacking this sense is surprising for a carnivorous animal, but does not matter that much in the penguin, which swallows fish without chewing. "Their behaviour of swallowing food whole, and their tongue structure and function, suggest that penguins need no taste perception," said Prof Zhang. "Although it is unclear whether these traits are a cause or a consequence of their major taste loss." The findings, published in Current Biology journal, were a puzzle, he added. One clue comes from the bird's evolution on the frozen ice sheets of Antarctica. Sending signals from sweet, umami, and bitter (but not sour or salty) taste receptors to the brain does not work at very low temperatures. This may have led to the penguin gradually losing its sense of taste, say the researchers. Intriguingly , the sweet taste is missing in almost all birds. The hummingbird, which feeds on sweet nectar, is an exception. What was the discovery made by the researchers when decoding penguin genomes?
|
[
"Some of the taste genes were missing.",
"Penguins are believed to have sweet and salty tastes.",
"The bird's evolution on the frozen ice sheets of Antarctica.",
"Taste is critical for survival in most animals."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jim was looking up at the sky when he saw it. He saw a bright light. It got brighter and brighter. But after a few seconds, it started getting less bright. It took him a second to know for sure, but he knew he had seen a shooting star! This wasn't the first time that Jim had seen something strange in the sky. It was last year, when he was driving home from work at night. He saw another light in the sky that night, but it wasn't anything like this one. The one he saw last year didn't get brighter. The one he saw last year didn't get less bright. The one he saw last year was round, and Jim was sure that it was a space ship. When Jim saw the shooting star tonight, he was even more sure of what he saw last year. Some people said that the space ship was really a shooting star. But now that he had seen a real shooting star, he knew for sure that this one was different. Jim wondered what planet the space ship had come from. What did Jim see last year?
|
[
"A shooting star.",
"A space ship.",
"A planet.",
"A raccoon."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The sea horse is a magical animal, which has puzzled people for thousands of years. In ancient Rome sea horses were believed to be the babies of Neptune's horses. And Neptune was the god of the ocean. Now we know they are not horses at all -- they are a kind of fish. They still seem as magical as ever, especially to divers who have watched them horsing around in the sea. But today, sea horse populations face an uncertain future. Fishermen are catching too many of them, and their undersea habitats are being destroyed. At least 20 million sea horses are taken from the ocean each year. More than 95% are used for traditional medicines in Asian countries. The sea horses are usually dried and then made into powder which is used to treat such problems as asthma , throat infections, skin diseases and cuts. How well the medicines work is unclear. Sea horses are also bought and sold in large numbers as pets. Sea horse expert Amanda Vincent warns against buying pet sea horses. "A lot of people treat them as if they're goldfish," she says. But sea horses require very special care and live food. Most captive sea horses _ diseases and die. Sea horse experts are trying to teach fishermen to become sea horse farmers. Instead of pulling nets of sea horses from the ocean, fishermen could learn to raise them in specially designed saltwater "farms". That way, fishermen would have sea horses to sell, but ocean populations would not be hurt. Vincent and her team have only discovered the 35 different species of sea horses, and they still have plenty of sea horse secrets left to unlock. That is why, Vincent told TFK, protecting future sea horse populations is especially important: "I promise your readers that by the time they grow up to be marine biologists, we'll still have a lot to learn." Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"People in Asian countries hunt sea horses for food.",
"Most sea horses caught are used as medicine.",
"The effects of the powder of sea horses are uncertain.",
"35 different kinds of sea horses have been discovered."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is easier to go down a hill than to climb up a hill, so it is to fall into bad habit than into good ones. Bad habits do not come suddenly. They come little by little while people do not notice their danger. Some schoolboys first pick up bad habits in school and on the streets. When they cannot finish their lessons, they copy from their classmates. If they see bigger boys smoking, they also want to learn to smoke. When they are older, the habits become so strong that they can never get rid of them. From copying, they fall behind, then learn to steal, and smoking is bad for their health. At last they become worse and worse. How necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits at the very beginning. Smoking is _ .
|
[
"harmful only to young people",
"bad for their health",
"not bad for us",
"bad for their study"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Growth and activities of organisms can speed up the chemical weathering of rocks. Which organisms naturally cause most of the chemical weathering of rocks?
|
[
"small mammals",
"plant seedlings",
"mosses",
"insects"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The great Snipe is a little shore bird-not one that would be considered a great athlete. However, a recent study has shown that these slightly fat birds not only fly nonstop for long periods of time during their annual migration, but do so at record speeds. The brown migratory birds that are about the size of a pigeon spend their summers in Eastern Europe and winters in Central Africa, a distance of about 2,800 to 4,000 miles. In May 2009, a team of researchers led by Dr. Raymond Klaasen from Sweden's Lund University fitted ten Great Snipes with tiny geo-locating devices that allow scientists to figure out when and where the birds travel, and let them loose. The following year they found three of the birds and took back the devices. What they discovered was quite _ . All three birds had flown nonstop to Central Africa in August of 2009-one had flown 4,225 miles in just 3.5 days. The second one had covered a distance of 3,833 miles in three days, while the third had managed to fly 2,870 miles in a mere 48 hours or two days. Even more surprising was that these birds had traveled at speeds that averaged about 50 miles per hour-making it the fastest known migration ever. While many birds migrate longer distances, they do so over a period of a few months, resting and feeding in between. However, despite the fact the Great Snipe has plenty of opportunities, it does not stop. And they do the entire flight with their own power, with no assistance from the wind. The tiny bird is able to make this unbelievable direct flight because of all the fat it gradually gathers in its body, which it then uses as fuel. Native no North Eastern Europe, Great Snipes live in marshlands and wet meadows . But they are also on the list of endangered animals because of loss of habitat. This text can be classified as _ .
|
[
"humorous",
"explanatory",
"novelistic",
"poetic"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a guitar?
|
[
"33 inches",
"33 feet",
"33 miles",
"33 yards"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Several horses grazed in a fenced area across from a home. On rainy days, soil would wash down a slope and run toward the home. After the horses were moved a few years later, the soil no longer washed down when it rained. What could account for this change?
|
[
"The grass grew and kept the soil intact.",
"The fence kept the soil contained.",
"The soil was completely gone.",
"The amount of rain decreased."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Elephants are the largest land animals and they need plenty of living space. They have seasonal migration routes. As human populations rise, elephant land is being cleared for agriculture and other kinds of development. When animals are effectively trapped on small areas of land, it restricts the gene pool and also results in a shortage of food. Where elephant reserves border agricultural areas, elephants are often attracted to leave parks to attack crops and barns. Only the strongest walls will stop an adult elephant (males can weigh 6,000kg), so farmers have great difficulty protecting their fields. In prefix = st1 /India, elephants don't only attack for food. Some even have developed a taste for rice beer. InAssam, elephant-human conflict has resulted in the death of more than 150 people and 200 elephants in the space of two years. Poverty leads to the killing of elephants for meat. If people don't have enough food and their governments cannot afford to enforce poaching bans, it's not difficult to predict the outcome. Ivory comes form elephant tusks , which can grow to be 3 meters long. Both male and female African elephants have large tusks. Most new ivory comes from Africa and is sold as a high status material in Asian countries such as Thailand, mainlandChinaandJapan. It can fetch $150 an pound and is carved to make decorations, chopsticks and ink stamps. The conservation priority here is to change public attitudes. In some countries in southern Africa, where conservation efforts have been successful, there is not enough room for a growing elephant population and animals have to be killed. A CITES meeting in November 2002 ruled that Botswana,NamibiaandSouth Africamay sell stock-piled ivory, starting in2004. Many conservationists are convinced that _ will fuel the demand for ivory and lead to more illegal poaching, they say it is almost impossible to tell legal from poached ivory. The governments argue that the sales will be used to fund conservation work. The most important thing to protect elephants is _ .
|
[
"to build strongest walls",
"to change people's ideas",
"to enforce poaching bans",
"to sell stock-piled ivory instead of illegal ivory"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Giant pandas are now extremely rare. Their number is less than 1,000 in the wild. The hunting of pandas has been banned for many years, so this is not the problem. Destruction of its habitat, when areas are cleared for growing crops, is one of the main reasons for panda's decline . Another reason is that the bamboo on which they mainly feed, is dying back. The pandas find it difficult to move to new feeding areas. As the bamboo disappears, the pandas simply starve to death. Bamboo is a poor source of food, and pandas have to eat up 45kg of it every day, a process that takes them up to 16 hours. The process goes on day and night, with the pandas in a constant cycle of eating for eight hours and sleeping for four. They can eat other foods, but will rather starve than change their diet when bamboo is scarce. Giant pandas are very good climbers, and use this skill to escape from the enemy. The giant panda lives alone for most of its life, only coming together with another of its species for long enough to mate. A newborn panda baby is born hairless and blind, is about 15cm long and weighs only 100g. The baby will stay with its mother for about 18 months, until it is able to set up its own territory Chinese and American scientists are studying giant pandas and their habits in order to put in place a major conservation programme. Zoos around the world are taking part in panda breeding programmes. There is still hope that with human's help, the giant panda can survive in the wild. According to the text, a panda _ .
|
[
"goes out looking for food in pairs",
"spends two thirds of its time eating",
"won't eat other plants than bamboo",
"may eat bamboo constantly for 16 hours"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I was standing in the kitchen helping with dinner, asking my mom about my brother's doctor ' s appointment. They were testing him for autism( ) . My brother, Captain, four years old at the time, had always been my best friend. We would wrestle, play games and have the best of times together, even though we were far apart in age. My mom told me about the appointment, but ,when she got to the point about the test, she stopped. I turned around and she had tears in her eyes. I stared at her, wishing she would say something , when I realized what that silence meant. My eyes got blurry ( ) and my breathing got very ragged. " The test was positive , sweetheart , " she said. I broke down, crying. My mom was trying to cool me down, saying that Captain couldn't see me like this and I had to be a big girl , when the front door opened, and Captain, our three-year-old sister Cali, and my father came in. I walked out of the kitchen. I couldn't look at him. Everything had just changed. He was no longer that little baby brother who was just a normal little boy. We had to move a while later because Captain needed treatment. One day ,I was standing in the bus line waiting when the " short bus" came and picked some kids up. The children in the other line started making jokes about the " retards " on that bus and I felt a strange feeling in my stomach, ,which I had never felt before. During a band class, my teacher, Mrs. Young, stopped our playing to give us some feed- back. " Guys ,we ' re playing like the kids on the short bus ! Come on!" I felt that same feeling I had in the bus line. The entire room was laughing when I raised my hand. " Yes , Alexis?" Mrs. Young asked. "I don't think we should make fun of the short bus, because there are a lot of people on that bus who have great personalities and have the same feelings as we do. And also ,I know some people on those buses and they are some of the most caring, sweetest, and smartest people , so I would appreciate it if you didn't make fun of them. " Everyone stared at me. Mrs. Young apologized for the comment and then started the song again. What Alexis said to her teacher can be seen as a kind of_.
|
[
"threat",
"approval",
"apology",
"condemnation"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Cindy acquired this trait?
|
[
"Cindy knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Cindy learned how to knit in an after school program."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A scientist was examining a large boulder that was covered with lichens (a combination of fungi and algae). He chipped a piece of the rock and placed it under a microscope. He observed that the surface of the rock was breaking down underneath the lichen. Which was the scientist most likely observing?
|
[
"the interaction between abiotic factors",
"the effects of chemical weathering",
"the process of deposition",
"the effects of abrasion"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Will inherited this trait?
|
[
"Will's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Will.",
"Will likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A medical practitioner places a stethoscope over the patient's seventh right intercostal space in the mid-axillary line. The stethoscope overlies the
|
[
"upper lobe of the lung.",
"middle lobe of the lung.",
"lower lobe of the lung.",
"costo-diaphragmatic recess."
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Patty has five fingers on each hand.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A common problem involving waste in the excretory system is
|
[
"run for it",
"running on empty",
"running a fever",
"having the runs"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We must do what we can to protect the plants because plants are very important for living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are _ by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores . Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places, they usually grow into new plants. Plants can make food from _ .
|
[
"flower, water and air",
"water, sunlight and air",
"air, water and soil",
"air, sun and light"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Millions of people die of hunger in southern Africa every year, but when Zambia was offered thousands of tons of free maize by the US, the government politely said no. "We don't know whether the food is safe," said Zambia's commerce, Trade and Industry Minister Dipak Patel. His worries are shared by countries around the world that are in two minds about America's genetically modified(GM,)crops.Just last week, EU member nations were discussing whether or not to import GM sweet corn from the US. Ever since people started farming, they have tried to crossbreed plants to make them stronger or better tasting. At one time, only related plants could be crossed with each other. But when GM techniques were developed in the 1970s, scientists were able to put a single gene from a living creature into an unrelated creature. This means they can make crops more productive and resistant to disease by adding genes from other species.They can also create food with special characteristics, such as "golden rice", which is enriched with vitamin A. But many people believe GM foods are a health risk. At the moment, the official argument is that GM foods "are not likely to present risks for human health". But there are still many questions to be answered as the foods are produced in different ways. Some experts believe the genetic material added to plants can transfer to humans and give damage to our bodies. Further harm could be caused by the genes from GM plants crossbreeding with naturally produced crops. People in China are also getting worried about GM foods. More than 70 percent of the country's soybean oil is produced from imported GM soybeans. Meanwhile, an investigation last November found that 12 of 60 famous foods sold across the country were GM products. The government has begun to introduce a marking system for GM goods so that people can choose whether or not to eat them. It has been proved that _ .
|
[
"GM foods are harmful to people's health",
"GM food is no better than naturally produced foods",
"only related plans could be crossed with each other",
"GM techniques can increase the production of crops"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Rose has four cousins.They are Ann, Betty, Peter and Bill.Pose is the oldest of them.Betty is thirteen years old.She is two years younger than Pose and one year older than Peter.Bill is nine.Ann, the youngest is seven. Betty and Peter are good at running.But Peter runs faster.Pose and Ann like to play basketball.Rose plays better than Ann.Bill is the best singer of them five.Rose an Betty study in a middle school.Ann, Peter and Bill study in a primary school.These five children all work hard at their lessons.But Betty works the hardest. Who are middle school student?
|
[
"All of them",
"None of them",
"Rose and Betty",
"Bill, Peter and Ann."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last month we reported about a study that showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart. The study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The scientists used a computer model to predict how just three grams less salt a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes , four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers said it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt. Such campaigns are already in place in Britain, Japan and Finland. Michael Alderman is among the critics. He is a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Doctor Alderman says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure. But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes. And he says salt has other biological effects. He says calling for reduction in the national diet could have good effects, but it could also have harmful results. He says there is not enough evidence _ . Another critic is David McCarron, a nutrition and kidney disease expert at the University of California, Davis. He and his team looked at large studies of diets in thirty-three countries. They found that most people around the world eat about the same amount of salt. Most of them eat more salt than American health officials advise. Doctor McCarron says the worldwide similarity suggests that a person's brain might decide how much salt to eat. Both Doctor McCarron and Doctor Alderman have connections to the Salt Institute, a trade group for the salt industry. Doctor Alderman is a member of an advisory committee. But he says he receives no money from the group. Doctor McCarron is paid for offering advice to the Salt Institute. Which of the following about David McCarron is NOT TRUE?
|
[
"He is a nutrition and kidney disease expert.",
"His team found that most people around the world eat about the same amount of salt.",
"He says the worldwide similarity suggests that a person's brain might decide how much salt to eat.",
"He says he receives no money from the Salt Institute."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Primary teachers are responsible for guiding children through the formation of many important life skills, and also watching over their students' social development. Primary teachers come into contact with about 30 students every day, and teach them a variety of subjects. Many hours are spent before and after class on planning, preparation and correction. One should be a very patient, caring, yet firm person to be able to deal with the demands of children in the four to twelve-year-old age group. Secondary teachers teach specific subjects to various groups of students. Just like primary teachers, they spend an amount of time planning and preparing lessons and correcting homework--their duties are not restricted to face-to-face teaching. Dealing with twelve to eighteen-year-olds requires a wide range of skills. If you become a primary teacher, you will need to decided whether to be a "generalist ", teaching a wide range of subjects, or a "specialist", teaching only one or two. Most primary teachers are specialists. Generalist teachers spend the greatest part of their day with one class, which means that they spend more time with the same children. Specialist teachers have more time away from their students. It is therefore very important for generalist teachers to develop a strong working relationship with their students. The unique rapport you can develop with a particular set of students is one of teaching's greatest pleasures. However, the disadvantage of primary teaching is that if you have a difficult student, you will be forced to deal with him or her, all day, every day, throughout the school year. Teachers need to work ot strategies to get themselves and their students through such difficulties. Primary teachers today are generally four-year trained. They usually do a three or four-year under-graduate degree, and if this degree does not include teacher training, they will have to undertake postgraduate study in education as well. We can learn from this passage that_.
|
[
"a primary teacher needs a wide range of skills",
"the disadvantage of primary teaching is having difficult students",
"teacher training is not important for a primary teacher",
"secondary teachers mainly teach children two subjects"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Wishbone's genotype for the fur length gene?
|
[
"FF",
"short fur"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
She almost did not run. Christine Williams admits that now. She could barely put one foot after another following the wake for her sister, who had died in an automobile accident. But she did run. With the cheers of friends and strangers reaching her heart, Williams set a C.W. Post record in Boston. Now she will run again, in the national Division II cross-country championships in Evansville, Ind. She wanted to be sure she was doing the right thing by running. She was the middle of three sisters, between Kerry, who is 25, and Jennifer, who was 18. Just going through any motions was hard enough, but Christine Williams wanted to know if she should put on her uniform and her shoes and run through the woods on an autumn afternoon, in the awful gaping time between her sister's wake and her funeral. "I kind of got upset beforehand." Williams admitted. Not a chatterbox under normal conditions, she now holds herself the best way she can, the fewer words the better. She almost walked away from the start line. But her friend Angela Toscano, who had flown up to Boston with her, directly from the wake, was standing near the line and talked her through it. "She said my sister would have wanted me to run." Christine said. And that was enough to get her started. The accident happened just after midnight on Nov, 4. Four young women were driving in an unfamiliar area of Long Island in Eastport, N.Y., when one of them apparently ran a yield sign, and the car was hit by another vehicle. Heather Brownrigg and Jennifer Williams died, and their friends April Brown and Kaci Moran were treated at a hospital and released. The crash made the papers. April Brown was charged with drunken driving and driving without a license. The wake began on Nov. 6. The next day Christine was to run with the Post cross-country team at the regional meet. Rich Degnan, the Post coach,"and Post officials offered a car service and tickets on the last flight-to Boston for Christine and Toscano. When they arrived at the hotel, the entire team was waiting up for her. Everybody knew about it at the regional meet. Degnan had to arrange for the flexibility of an alternate, just in case Christine could not go. Several times during the race, Christine felt she could not continue. But then she heard her friends and all those other people, those strangers from other colleges, calling her name. She thought about Jennifer. And she ran. She finished fourth in 22 minutes 58 seconds, breaking the Post record for the 6-kilometer distance by 15 seconds. And although the Post team didn't qualify for the nationals, Christine did. What is the crucial factor contributing to Christine's success in the race?
|
[
"Diligent practice.",
"Excellent coaching.",
"Good relationships.",
"Firm determination."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
HIGH (Human Growth Hormone) could be the favorite drug at the next athletic world championships, and we might never know it. It is a natural substance produced by the human body, and it helps children's bones and muscles to grow. Scientists are allowed to make the drug and it is also legal to take HGH in most countries. HGH is considered a wonder drug for children. It helps many children with growth problems every year. However, some athletes are now taking the drug. HGH helps add muscle in adults and recent research by the World Anti-Doping Agency shows that HGH may improve the sportsman's time by 5% when he takes part in short, fast races. Some athletes say that HGH surely makes them stronger. It also helps them to recover more quickly from injuries. Although it is _ by most professional sports, HGH is almost impossible to test for. The drug is completely natural and it will only show in tests for around 24 hours after taking it. Testing is usually done only during competitions, but athletes use HGH during training, so it is very difficult to know who has used the drug. This makes it very attractive for some athletes. Scientists are developing a new test which will find the drug in the body for up to two weeks. But it isn't going to be easy. Everybody has different levels of natural HGH in their body. For this reason, scientists are warning athletes of the possible problems with the drug. Research shows that HGH increase the risk of cancer. But is this enough to stop athletes from taking it? Scientists don't think so. Some athletes will do all they can to win, and worry about their health later. Scientists are afraid that _ .
|
[
"some athletes will pay no attention to the dangers of using HGH.",
"there isn't any risk of developing cancer as a result of taking HGH.",
"health problems caused by HGH will stop athletes from taking it.",
"athletes' results are almost the same, so they want HGH to help them be the best."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Green tea is the best choice for office workers. People who always work in places with air conditioning may face skin problems such as easily dry skin. Among all the drinks, green tea is the best choice. Because there are important things in green tea and they are often called catechins . Moreover, drinking more green tea can prevent computer radiation . Winter is the season to drink black tea. Chinese medicine believes that different people should drink different tea based on the different characteristics and tastes of each kind of tea. Black tea can warm the stomach and quicken digestion . Therefore, drinking warm black tea in the cold winter is a most _ choice. Do not drink strong tea. Strong tea may make the body far too excited and can badly affect the cardiovascular as well as the nervous system . For a person who has problem with these parts, to drink overly strong tea may cause heart and blood pressure illness, or even make the old illnesses much worse. Do not drink too much tea when you are eating. Drinking too much tea or strong thick tea may not be good for taking in many constant elements and trace elements . Also, people should not drink tea with milk or other milky food. ,. Which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"If you have a stomachache, you should drink black tea.",
"Strong tea may make the body far too excited.",
"When we choose tea, we should know the characteristic and tastes of each kind of tea.",
"At tables, we should drink tea as much as possible because it's good for our health."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A 72 W navigation unit on a commercial aircraft has a 24 V power supply and uses 3 A of electric current. What is the electrical resistance of the navigation unit?
|
[
"4 ohms",
"8 ohms",
"13 ohms",
"22 ohms"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
When kids at Archisha Singh's school in Loudoun County have a birthday, no parents buy them birthday cakes. Some schools are worried that children might become fat or eat unhealthy food, so they have banned cupcakes altogether. What do kids do? Birthday kids can donate a book. The headmaster of their school will then read it to their class. The headmaster also hands out birthday certificates , special pencils, and makes sure the kids' names are read out in the school's morning news. Parents can send stickers , pencils and other things to students. None of the things can be food. If a child donates jump ropes or other sports equipment, that child may get his or her name on a certificate. It will then be displayed at school. Archisha really misses cupcakes, especially those her mother used to make for her kindergarten class, but her school's way is fun, too. "I like both ways," she said. The headmaster says it's important that the school should be not only teaching, but offering healthy choices to kids. "There is a better life without cupcakes. If you eat a cupcake, then it's gone in two seconds, but a book lasts a lifetime. The sports equipment lasts, and the kids can use it day after day." Some schools have banned cupcakes because _ .
|
[
"they don't like them",
"they are not delicious",
"they are unhealthy food",
"they are too expensive"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is it ever a good idea admitting a teenager to carry a credit card? My kids watch closely as I swipe the card through the register. They've seen me do it hundreds, thousands of times. Cool. They are _ to swipe it through the machine themselves. When we walk out of the store with our groceries or pet food, or whatever, it's almost as though money has not changed hands, painless, easy. So it shouldn't be shocking to discover that teenagers are becoming card carrying consumers in their own right. The question is, should they? While some argue it's best to teach kids how to use a credit card while still living under the family roof, not everyone agrees. Dave Ramsey, financial expert says getting credit card for your teenager is actually "an excellent way to teach him or her to be financially irresponsible." Now parents are required to co-sign on credit cards for children under 21. "If their name is on the credit card, then the parent may say, Hey, my name is on this. Don't get me into trouble," says Mary Beth Pinto, a marketing professor. "When parents were the co-obligors , the children caused less debt. If the parents are the co-obligors, the tendency is that the parents were explaining how to use the cards." Still, Pinto believes parents should start the process much earlier. "Yes, there has to be teaching going on and it has to start when they're younger. You're not going to get rid of credit cards. They are here to stay. You have to have them. You can't fight progress," Pinto said. Ramsey, however, disagrees. "Throwing teens into a pool of (credit) sharks is a sure way to guarantee a life-time of heartache." he said, "You can make online purchases and rent a car with a credit card. Of course, you must have money in your bank account before you can make a purchase with a credit card. But paying for things with money is what you are supposed to do." What's Ramsey's attitude towards teens' using credit cards?
|
[
"He feels it is worth a try.",
"He is very supportive.",
"He is strongly against it.",
"He considers it as a pleasant experience."
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Shoppers throughout the West, wary of a double-dip recession , are still _ . However, Chinese consumers are opening their wallets--big time. According to McKinsey, shop sales in China have grown by 25 percent annually from 2007 to 2009. Consumer confidence is now at its highest point since 2007 and female shoppers are leading the way. Chinese women saved just 24 percent of their income, compared with 55 percent in 2006, according to a recent study in Women of China Magazine. What's more, three quarters of Chinese women say that they're the ones who control the family purse strings .That means the nation's 650 million women are an "emerging powerhouse within the powerhouse" of China. In the 1950s women contributed just 20 percent of household income. That rose to about 40 percent in the 1990s and then reached 50 percent last year. In a recent study of Chinese consumer behavior, McKinsey found that women tend to shop more frequently than men, and spend more on personal-care products and food. Men, by contrast, tend to spend more of their income on gadgets , drinks and alcohol, dining out, and socializing. They also tend to save for the bigger-ticket items, like cars and houses. Chinese women make up an ever-growing small part of the market--up from 20 percent a decade ago to 50 percent last year. It's estimated that in the next five years women will account for 55 percent of the $9 billion market. "The future is female," concludes a January HSBC report on luxury goods in China. The Chinese Market Research Group recently found that women younger than 35 are the most optimistic segment in China. A very large 80 percent of the 3,500 women surveyed saying they'll spend more in the second half of 2010 than they did in the first half. With trends like these, Chinese women may bring new meaning to the term "the power of the purse." Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Chinese Men Go Socializing",
"Chinese Women Go shopping",
"The Future Is Female",
"The Purse Is Powerful"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One day Mrs. Wilson went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center." Why do you buy things here?" Tracy wanted to know. "Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home," Mrs. Wilson said." Help me check the prices, please." The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully after the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said," We don't think you saved money by going to the supermarket." "Of course I did," Mrs. Wilson said. " Everything was cheaper there." "We know," the children said," but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you save! " Mrs. Wilson added everything up. Her children were right. The things at the corner store were _ than those in the supermarket.
|
[
"cheaper",
"nicer",
"more expensive",
"saved a little money"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Study-abroad programs are a great way to learn about different cultures. Sometimes students don't have the money to join in these programs. That is why scholarships for study-abroad programs are starting to become popular. Study-abroad programs can often be quite expensive. Finding scholarships is not that difficult. Usually, you can just visit the study-abroad office at your educational institution or even the financial services office. They will have a large directory of available scholarships. If your school does not have these offices, you can just quickly have a look on the Internet and find a wide variety of scholarships you might qualify for. The credentials you need to be considered for a scholarship vary greatly. But, to be a candidate for any scholarship, you generally need to have good grades, be an outstanding person, and be able to take full advantage of the opportunities presented to you. You will be able to show why you are a good candidate through the application process. The application process for each scholarship varies, which usually includes submitting an academic record, an essay, and sometimes an interview. Usually, you will have to submit your academic records. The administrators of the scholarship will know that you take your academic studies seriously. Next you usually need to write an essay. This could be on a wide variety of subjects, but they usually focus on something related to 'why you should get this scholarship' to determine how much you want the scholarship and how good of a candidate you would be. After this, the final few applicants may be asked in for an interview to learn about you and why you would be a good recipient of the scholarship. If you satisfy all these requirements, there is a good chance you will get a scholarship. If you don't have enough money, don't give up but use plenty of scholarship opportunities for you! To prove whether you take your academic studies seriously, you should _ .
|
[
"write an essay on why you should get this scholarship",
"submit your academic records",
"be interviewed by the administrators of the scholarship",
"prove you are a good recipient of the scholarship"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
On the night of July 6, 1943, a plane took off from an Air Force base in England to stop German fighters over the English Channel. Piloting the plane was Captain Thomas Nash. Looking westward, Nash saw twelve orange lights in a row, moving at a very high rate of speed. Thinking they might be a new German weapon, he swung the plane around and headed directly for the lights, but they disappeared. Captain Nash may have been the first to see such orange lights but he wasn't the last. His experience was repeated many times by pilots during World War II both in England and Far East. What were they? No one knows for sure, but there is an interesting theory to explain them. According to this theory, the orange lights are space animals---animals specially adapted to life in the upper atmosphere just as some living things are adapted to life at the bottom of the sea. These space animals, the theory says, live so far up in the atmosphere that they are not in sight from the earth. They feed partly on the air and partly on energy from the sunlight. Being almost pure energy themselves, their body shine at night. During the day, however, they are invisible. Before World War II, continues the theory, there was little radiated energy on the earth's surface. Then came the development of rockets, nuclear power stations and something like that. The space animals are attracted to these kinds of energy of food. At night when there is no energy from the sunlight, they come down into the lower levels in search of a meal. They may even float into the range of human eyesight. This explains the fact that they have been sighted many times from the earth since 1943. The space animal theory would seem to suggest that _ .
|
[
"living things are extremely adaptable",
"life in space is impossible",
"the earth is more suitable for these animals",
"life cannot exist in the upper atmosphere"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A field is experiencing above average rainfall and food is plentiful, so the rabbits living there will
|
[
"produce larger litters",
"find new land",
"die much younger",
"eat less food"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A few weeks ago, I went into Chase's class for help. I e-mailed Chase's teacher one evening and said, "My son keeps telling me that the thing you're sending home is math -- but I'm not sure I believe him. Help, please." She e-mailed right back and said, "No problem! I can help Chase after school anytime." And I said, "No, not him. Me. Hegets it.Help me." And that's why I stayed with Chase's math teacher. We talked about teaching children. We agreed that subjects like math and reading are not the most important things that are learned in a classroom. We also talked about something else ---- kindness and bravery. And then she told me this. Every Friday afternoon Chase's teacher asks her students to take out a piece of paper and write down the names of four children with whom they'd like to sit the following week. She also asks the students to nominate one student who they think is the most popular student that week. They needn't write down their names on the paper. After the students go home, she takes out those pieces of paper, and studies them. In fact, Chase's teacher is not looking for a new seating chart or "popular students." She is looking for lonely children. She's looking for the ones who are unwilling to connect with others. She is discovering whose gifts are not noticed by their classmates. Then she gets to know who needs help. After watching Columbine the wise woman realized that all violence comes from loneliness. So she decided to start fighting violence early and often, and what she is doing is SAVING LIVES. And she finds the lonely kids through those lists and tries to help them. It's math to her. All is love - evenmath. The best title should be _ ?
|
[
"Teaching math",
"Loneliness",
"Looking for the lonely",
"Popular students"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children of America are getting fatter every time. 13% of the children at the age of 6 to 11 are overweight(too fat). When we look at children's lives today in the USA, we can see the root(origin)of the problem--sports and foods. Young children like sports but they don't have enough around the start of high school. That's especially true for girls. Meanwhile, to make matters worse, schools are becoming much more interested in sports teams. So children are not able to get enough exercise just when they need it the most. There is also the food problem. Children get most of their calories at restaurants or parties or somewhere else away from home. They often drink too many Cokes. Parents have a lot of fears about telling a child he needs to lose weight-- they are afraid it will push a child into an eating disorder. Some parents fear that pushing children to lose weight means their children will think they're not good enough, or not loved because of their weight. Parents need to come to terms with the fact that the family is very important to the children. The most useful program for children is called "family weight control". This is good news. Mom and Dad, even if they don't have weight problems, have to go through the same program as their children and learn how to get some exercise and how to eat healthily. What does "come to terms with" probably mean in the passage?
|
[
"ignore",
"give in to",
"get away with",
"do research into"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I remembered Julie coming to the front of the classroom after class one autumn day in September 1976. While most of the other students hurriedly left to enjoy the pleasant weather or to relax at the student union, Julie remained to ask me questions about the next week's exam. She had clearly already done some serious studying. Julie never made it to the exam. The day after our conversation, she was hit by a large truck as she rode a bike through a crossroads. I was sad to hear that Julie lay unconscious in a hospital across town from our university. Nurses silently came and went from Julie's room. Her parents stood nearby quietly. Then the doctor entered the room and said to Julie's parents and two brothers, "Your Julie has only a few hours to live." He continued to ask, "Would you think about donating some of Julie's organs ?" At the same time in a neighboring city, a woman called Mary was trying to see better in her small living room. Her eyes followed every movement of her lively two-year-old baby. This mother was storing up memories when she could no longer see her child. Several cities away, a young father called John was reading to his two sons in the hospital. However, he was told to have only weeks to live. His only hope was a kidney transplant . The two parents looked at each other, the doctor could see tears in their eyes. "Yes. Julie had once said she wanted to donate her organs in the event of her death. Julie always gave to others while she was alive. She would like to give in death." Within twenty-four hours, Mary was told that she would receive one of Julie's eyes, and John was told to start preparing for a kidney transplant. Julie's other organs would give life to other waiting patients. "Julie died right after her twentieth birthday. Nothing could possibly be as heartbreaking as the death of your child," says Julie's mother. She continues, "But Julie's life was a gift to us. Knowing that in her death, she gave the gift of life and sight to others is _ to us. " What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Julie's parents didn't allow her to donate her organs.",
"Mary needed a kidney transplant to save her own life.",
"Julie prepared for the exam carefully before the accident.",
"John and Mary were patients in the same hospitals with Julie."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this bitter melon plant's phenotype for the seed color trait?
|
[
"DD",
"dark brown seeds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women's Day. The document was discovered buried in the university archives by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: "We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn't know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university's higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote." In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892. Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice. Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted _ .
|
[
"to carry out a research project there",
"to set up a medical institute there",
"to study medicine there",
"to deliver lectures there"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week.we talked about Massive Open Online Courses.also called MOOCs.Tens of thousands,or even more,people Can take these classes all at once.You can be anywhere in the worht to take a MOOC.All you need is a computer and a network connection. MOOCs add to a tradition of what is known as distance learning.For years,many colleges have offered classes that are taught partly or mostly online.MOOCs are available in subjects like comlmter science,engineering or mechanics.Can MOOCs in subjects like arts or the humanities be as effective? Scott Anderson teaches philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Canada.He sees both good and bad sides to MOOCs.Scott Anderson says,"There are pails that will be tine,insofar as mostly when students listen to a lecture. there is no special reason why they need to be physically present to hear and get it."Mr.Anderson says increased numbers of students in MOOCs can mean less communication between them and teachers.He says two ways to deal with this are.by adding more teachers and setting up online discussion groups. Lisa Jadwin teaches English and American literature and writing at St.John Fisher College in New York.She says online education has some weaknesses for her subjects. She says,"What's lost in online education is face-to-face interaction.And that old-fashioned approuch is not going to be replaced very quickly by computer--aided instrnction."Professor Jadwin says some students could learn very well from talks and reading assignments,blogs and discussion groups.But she believes that hybrid courses work best.She describes hybrids as mixing face-to-face course elements with computer-aided teaching and writing proiects. Bill Pogue teaches communications at the University of Houston-Downtown.He sees good value in online education.He noted a strong sense of communitv in an online ciyrse he once took.He said the students worked together on a project while living on four continents. Which of the following is true of hybrid courses?
|
[
"They belong to old-fashioned approach.",
"They emphasize face-to-face interaction.",
"They will be effective in the education.",
"They ignore the importance of the eomputers."
] | 2C
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the agreement among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the stress that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers --meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration has reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9%. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the financial burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits. The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected -- say, low-skilled workers, or California residents -- the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?
|
[
"It may change the existing social structure.",
"It may pose a threat to their economic status.",
"It may decrease .their financial burden.",
"It may place a great pressure on the state budget."
] | 3D
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following statements is (are) true for a Maxwell-Boltzmann description of an ideal gas of atoms in equilibrium at temperature T?
I. The average velocity of the atoms is zero.
II. The distribution of the speeds of the atoms has a maximum at v = 0.
III. The probability of finding an atom with zero kinetic energy is zero.
|
[
"I only",
"II only",
"I and II",
"I and III"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu
|
Frogs are animals that can live both in water and on land.There are more than 5.000 kinds of frogs on the earth.The earliest known frogs lived about 190 million years ago and the frogs today still look the same.Here are some fun things that you might not know about frogs.Enjoy! The Biggest and the Smallest Frogs Some frogs can be very big.The biggest kind of frog is the Goliath Frog in West Africa.Its body can be nearly 30cm long,about the size of a large cat.The Gold Frog and the Poison Frog are the smallest frogs in the world.They are less than lem long.Though the Poison Frog is very small,it is not weak at all.It is dangerous.Any animal that eats it will die very soon. The Best Jumpers Frogs are very good at jumping.They developed jumping legs so that they would not be eaten by other large animals.Using their big strong legs,most frogs can jump over 20 times their own length.It is like a person jumping over about 30.48m.The Australian Rocket Frog can even jump over 2m,which is 50 times its body length(5.5cm).That might be the reason why frogs are called the best jumpers on the earth. The Cryogenic Animal Some frogs like the Common Wood Frog have a special ability to live in very cold places.When the temperature goes down,they become ice frogs.2/3 of their body water freezes.Their hearts stop,and their breathing stops too.You may think they are dead,but in fact they are not.Maybe we humanscan learn thc way that the frogs do for medical purpose. _ can jump over 2m.
|
[
"The Goliath Frog",
"The Common Wood Frog",
"The Poison Frog",
"The Austrailan Rocket Frog"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A house of cards? Sounds unbelievable, doesn't it? Not if the architect is 31-year-old Bryan Berg. He's made a career out of building fantastic card houses, stadiums, capitols, castles -- and the world's tallest card tower. How does he do it? Bryan's structures are amazing because they are made entirely of perfectly balanced, freestanding playing cards. He never uses glue, tape, or anything else to hold the cards together. Nor does he fold the cards. He's discovered another way to make a strong house of cards, using a trick from nature. To make plants strong, nature builds them with cells that have tough walls. Rows and rows of these cells form a grid that helps leaves and stems keep their shape. Bees use the same kind of repeating pattern to create strong honeycombs, where they live and store honey. Bryan designs similar grids, using cards to create a repeating pattern of cells. He begins with a single cell made by balancing four cards against one another to form a box. Then he repeats the cell over and over, expanding outward to form the grid, which makes a good foundation for a strong card structure. The larger the grid, the more weight it can carry. Sometimes Bryan uses several cards, instead of just one, to construct the cell walls, making the grid even stronger. The trick, he tells kids when he speaks in classrooms, is to place your cards as tightly together as possible when laying out your grid, making sure the cards are not leaning at all. After building this solid base, Bryan lays cards across the top to make the floor for the next "story" of the building. He may add towers, columns, steeples, or domes. Using the principle of repeating cells, Bryan builds structures of amazing strength. In the Cards Not surprisingly, Bryan has always been interested in building things. Growing up on a "big, old farm" in rural Iowa, he had plenty of room to play. "We were in the middle of nowhere," Bryan remembers, "with lots of space to do whatever we wanted. I was always making something, using things like sticks or bales of hay." Bryan's grandfather taught him how to stack cards. Bryan's two interests -- building and card stacking -- soon combined. But stacking in his family's farmhouse was challenging. "Our old house had wood floors that weren't all level," he reports. "And they weren't very firm. When people walked around, it was like 'earthquake action.' It was a challenge to build something that wouldn't fall down immediately." Bryan constructed tower after tower; he went through a lot of trial and error before he built anything taller than himself. When he placed a few decks of cards on top of his grid, he discovered how strong it was. Bryan's towers began to grow taller. How Tall Is Too Tall? Bryan's first Guinness World Record for the world's tallest card tower came in the spring of 1992, when he was in high school. Learning that the world record was 12 feet 10 inches, Bryan built a slim tower that topped out at 14 feet 6 inches. Done as a project for his geometry class, it took him 40 hours and 208 decks of cards. Since then he's gone on to win world records for even taller buildings. His latest winner measured 25 feet 3.5 inches and used about 2,400 decks of cards. _ Why don't these towers fall down? The key is in a good solid base, a repeating pattern of stories, and a tapering top. Bryan likes to point out how card buildings resemble real ones. They are built cell by cell, story by story. The separate parts make one strong whole. The heavier the building, the stronger and more stable it is. But the weight can't all be at the top. After spending so much time building something so cool, Bryan admits it's sometimes painful to see his structures destroyed. But he compares his work to the building of a sandcastle or an ice sculpture. "They wouldn't be as special if they were permanent," he points out. "My buildings are like snowdrifts, or clouds in the sky. They can't last forever. According to the article, which natural structure is a model for Bryan's card structures?
|
[
"A sand dune.",
"A honeycomb.",
"A snowdrift.",
"A thundercloud."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots. Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants . Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet(UV) light. Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals. Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body's built-in defences can only go so far without extra help. The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It's like sunscreen for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else. Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain's function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently. Don't just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn't the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust , or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food. Which of the following can not cause free radicals to form?
|
[
"Colorful food",
"UV light from the sun",
"Polluted air",
"The body itself"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When Geoff Marcy was 14, his parents bought him a telescope. Every night, he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky. "What excited me most was whether there were planets in other solar systems where life might exist," he says. "I decided to try to find planets orbiting other stars like our Sun." And he did. "My fellow researcher, Paul Butler, and I found our first planet in 1995," Dr. Marcy says. "We worked for ten years without finding anything! _ and our patience paid off." Since then, the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars. Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first "family" of three planets. In June 2002 they announced another discovery: a Jupiter-like planet orbiting star 55Cancri. At first, the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to stars. Recently, the scientists found planets farther out. The planet orbiting 55Cancri is a major breakthrough: it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun. Why is this important ? Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features in our solar system. The first is Jupiter. "Because it's so big, Jupiter pulls comets and asteroids , or they all come and hit the Earth." Dr. Marcy explains. "Without Jupiter , life on Earth would likely have been destroyed." A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water, which is necessary for life , can exist. Unlike gas planets, rocky planets like Earth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas, which may support life. A huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 55Cancri. Is there an Earth-like planet in the space, too small for us to notice? If so, says Dr. Marcy, "We would have two striking similarities to our solar system: a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planet. And there may be life!" Which of the following is true of the recent discovery?
|
[
"The planet is not as protective as Jupiter.",
"The planet is close to star 55Cancri.",
"The planet proves to be a gas planet.",
"The planet is as large as Jupiter."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The largest body in our solar system is
|
[
"Earth.",
"the Sun.",
"Jupiter.",
"the Moon."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hotter blood is rarely found
|
[
"in horny toads",
"in rats",
"in humans",
"in bears"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
October 15th2008 is the first Global Handwashing Day, whose goal is to create a culture of hand washing with soap. Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. 150,000 bars of soap were given to schools in prefix = st1 /Ethiopia, where the Education Ministry asked 1,000,000 schoolchildren to wash their hands for _ . Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at critical moments such as after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs . They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails. Rub for at least 20 seconds. Then, wash your hands well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth or wave them in the air. They say soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing. Soap also helps to break up the grease and dirt that hold most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell, which encourages people to wash again. They say washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any vaccine or medicine. It could help reduce cases of diarrhea by almost half. And it could reduce deaths from pneumonia and other breathing infections by one-fourth. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of child deaths, killing more than 1,500,000 children a year. Pneumonia is the leading cause, killing about 2,000,000 children under five each year. Hand washing can also prevent the spread of other diseases. When people get germs on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then they can infect others. Which of the following situation doesn't belong to a critical moment?
|
[
"Before having dinner.",
"When cleaning a baby.",
"After using the toilet.",
"While washing the dishes"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Google has been collecting tons of data about smartphone usage around the world. Here are some of the most surprising and interesting facts: Android is most popular in Japan, with 55% of respondents using it, compared with 39% for iOS.Android is also number one in a few other countries, including New Zealand (41%), the US(40%), and China (38%). iOS is farthest ahead in Switzerland, with 52% usage vs 23% for Android.Other countries where iOS is far ahead include Australia (49% vs 25% Android), Canada (45% vs 23% Android and 23% Blackberry), and France (43% vs 25% Android). In Egypt, Windows Mobile is far more popular than iOS.13% of survey respondents use the Microsoft smartphone platform, behind Symbian (19%) and Android (14%). iOS is very far down at 4%. Mobile social networking is biggest in Mexico and Argentina, where 74% and 73% of users visit a social network daily.But mobilesocial is weak in Japan where 34% of users never visit a social network on their phone, and this figure rises to 41% in Brazil. Watching video is most popular in Saudi Arabia, with 59% of respondents doing it daily.Number two is Egypt, with 41%. Chinese users shop from their phones.59% of Chinese users do this, compared with only 41% in secondplace Egypt.Chinese users also love to write reviews.41% of them write a review of a local business after looking it up on their smartphone.Number two, Japan, is far behind, with only 24% of respondents doing this. . In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read the passage?
|
[
"Health.",
"Environment.",
"Technology.",
"Entertainment."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today's 20-somethings are often called" millennials . " They grew up around the time of the millennium in the year 2000 Are these adults? The law says yes. But societies have their expectations for what being an adult means. Some say today's 20-sometbings are having a" delayed adulthood. " The term "boomerang kids" means young people leave their parents' house but, like a boomerang thrown through the air, later return. Research psychologist Jeffrey Arnett says these terms suggest many Americans are frustrated with 20-somethings. He says Americans should consider the positive aspects. They usually have various school and work experiences or they might. try living in different cities or countries. Cheryssa Jensen Cheryssa Jensen might agree. She says she expected to get married right after college and to find a job near her parents. Instead, she traveled the western part of the U. S. , went to a dozen different cities there. Her job also took her to Taiwan, Sweden and Denmark. After a year of traveling, she was not sure what to do. "Some words were nagging at me, saying, 'What else, what else can you do, what else can you do while you re young?" Julia Shaw Julia Shaw is 28, just a year older than Cheryssa, but very different in the way she has lived her life so far. After college, Julia began her career as a writer. She and her husband have stayed in Washington, and have lived there for the last two years. Julia says many people are surprised that she is married and settled in one place. But she believes she is more free than many other people of her generation and she says marriage has made her life more stable. Though their stories are different, Julia and Cheryssa still have some things in common. Both say their families are proud of them Both say they do not feel pressured by society to follow a particular path. And both say they are happy with their decisions. Julia Shaw and Cheryssa Jensen have something else in common. They have not made a high-paying career their first priority. Instead, most in the survey said the most important things to them are being good parents, having a successful marriage and helping other people. What do we know about Cheryssa Jensen?_( )
|
[
"She is twenty-seven years old.",
"She travelled around only for fun.",
"She found a job near her parents.",
"She got married right. after college."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to there radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around, Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become irritable and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds chirp and sing just before a storm. It seems they know they won't get another chance for an hour or two. Birds also seek safe places before a storm, You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure makes the are so thin that birds have difficulty flying. It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may be flying ahead of a storm. By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind of weather. How can birds sense the coming of a storm? _
|
[
"By feeling a drop in air temperature.",
"By noticing the change of wind directions.",
"By feeling a drop in air pressure.",
"By noticing the movements of other animals."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will air usually do when heated up beyond a certain point?
|
[
"it will fall",
"it will remain",
"it will ascend",
"it will die"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today. The Caltech scientists say they have directly _ the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented. The Caltech scientists say carbonate minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite that had its beginnings near the Martian surface. Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius. The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information. Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet's history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth. The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home." How did the scientists reach the finding?
|
[
"By studying Allan Hills meteorite.",
"By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.",
"By studying minerals gathered on Mars",
"By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In our daily lives, Wechat is really hot now. Many people express themselves, exchange ideas and deliver information by Wechat. There are a number of reasons for Wechat to be popular. To begin with, Wechat is a cheap way of communication, which cuts down a great deal of the cost made by phone calls. Next, Wechat is to the taste of the most of people. Its attractive and lots of functions are loved widely. What's more, convenience also leads to its popularity. It is _ no matter where we are. However, it has problems, too. First of all, our IDs might be revealed when we use Wechat and we could be in danger. Secondly, we may spend more time on Wechat instead of with our family. As a result, relationship could break down. The last problem is that our attention might be drawn too much and sometimes we may find it difficult to focus on study. There is no doubt that Wechat will improve as time goes by. So let's look forward to the better Wechat and have more fun with it. Using Wechat could be dangerous because _
|
[
"relationship could break down",
"IDs might be revealed",
"it`s difficult to focus on study",
"spending too much time on Wechat"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which organisms form the base of all ecosystems?
|
[
"scavengers",
"producers",
"consumers",
"decomposers"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Invisible forces work to keep the moon near the
|
[
"sun",
"uranus",
"mars",
"our home planet"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Laura adds 50 mL of boiling water to 100 mL of ice water. If the 150 mL of water is then put into a freezer, at what temperature will the water freeze?
|
[
"0°C",
"15°C",
"37°C",
"50°C"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This summer, Monika Lutz's life took an unusual turn. Instead of heading off to college, the high school graduate packed her bags for a Bengali jungle. Lutz, like a growing number of other young Americans, is taking a year off. Gap years are quite common in Britain and Australia, but they are just beginning to catch on in the U.S. Lutz, who grew up in Boulder, Colo., has put together a 14-month schedule that includes helping deliver solar power to some communities in India and interning for a fashion designer in Shanghai---experiences that are worlds away from the lecture halls and university dormitories that await other students. "I could not be happier," she says. Why are students attracted to the gap-year concept? According to new survey data from Karl Haigler and Rae Nelson, education-policy experts and co-authors of The Gap-Year Advantage, the most common reason for this is to avoid burnout. "I felt like I was focused on college as a means to an end," says Kelsi Morgan, an incoming Middlebury College freshman who spent last year interning for a judge in Tulsa, Okla., and teaching English at an orphanage in the Dominican Republic. The hope is that after a year out of the classroom, students will enter college more energized, focused and mature. That can be an advantage for colleges too. Robert Clagett, dean of admissions at Middlebury, did some research a few years ago and found that a single gap semester was the strongest predictor of academic success at his school. Most experts recommend securing a spot in college before taking a gap year and warn against using the time off to lengthen your resume. "Most admissions folks can see right through that," says Jim Jump, the academic dean of St. Christopher's School in Richmond, Va. But for students like Lutz, who, after getting rejected from five Ivies, decided to take time off, a gap year can help focus interests. Lutz now plans to apply mostly to non-Ivies that have strong marketing programs. "This experience has really opened my eyes to the opportunities the world has to offer," she says. But at least one education expert doesn't want schools spreading the gap-year message. In a study that followed 11,000 members of the high school class of 1992 for eight years after graduation, Stefanie DeLuca, a sociology professor at Johns Hopkins University, found that, all things being equal, those who delayed college by a year were 64% less likely to complete a bachelor's degree than those who didn't. DeLuca did not say whether these students voluntarily started college late, but at the very least, her work indicates that taking a gap year doesn't guarantee success. "I'm not going to say that time off does not have benefits," says DeLuca. "But I think we should not be so enthusiastic." What's the author's attitude towards gap years?
|
[
"Sceptical.",
"Positive.",
"Disapproving.",
"Objective."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement. Assume that the scoop of ice cream's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the scoop of ice cream and Earth () as the ice cream dropped toward the ground.
|
[
"stayed the same",
"increased",
"decreased"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Where would nitrogen most easily be found in the nitrogen cycle?
|
[
"in animal waste",
"in drinking water supplies",
"in underground mineral deposits",
"in carbon dioxide released by factories into the atmosphere"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some trees can survive a long time without water. Think of trees that grow in the desert. But other trees may need more moisture than they can get from rainfall or from the air . Trees and other plants can look thirsty. Leaves can become weak and hang downward. They can also turn yellow. Yellowing can be a sign of too much water. But it can also be a warning sign of too little water. With a newly planted tree, the roots have not yet spread out from the root ball. The root ball can become dry faster than the dirt around it. So put water on the area of the root ball and the surrounding soil until the roots become established. Once a tree is well established, water deeply instead of watering often. The amount of water needed depends on the tree and the soil. Clay soils hold water for longer periods while sandy soil holds less water. During the hottest season, a deep watering may satisfy a tree for anywhere from ten days to four weeks. Ted Swiecki is a plant scientist . He says people should not water established trees at the base of the trunk . This can harm the tree. Too much water in the soil at the base of a tree can lead to the growth of fungi . If the area is too wet, harmful organisms have a better chance to invade the tree and cause disease. Mr. Swiecki says this is true especially in Mediterranean and semi-dry climates. Many trees in these climates have adapted to having a dry area near their base during the hottest season. He said, "Water displaces (,)air in the soil. And roots are aerobic ; they require oxygen for the soil to function properly. So if you keep the soil completely wet and there's no air there, then the roots are starving for oxygen." Which of the following does NOT share a close meaning in the passage?
|
[
"Fungus and organism",
"Moisture and water",
"Root and base",
"Dirt and desert"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eleven top universities are joining the Open University to launch free Internet courses. King's College London, along with the Universities of Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, East Anglia, Exeter, Lancaster, Leeds, Southampton, St Andrews and Warwick, has partnered with FutureLearn, a company set up by the Open University that will offer free and non-credit bearing courses to Internet-users around the world. The courses are modeled on the US phenomenon "Massive open online courses" ( Moocs ), which have attracted millions of users around the world and are especially popular in emerging economies. FutureLearn will improve UK institutions for international students, said Prof Martin Bean, voice-chancellor of the Open University. "At the moment, foreign students' _ of UK Universities is: wonderful history, great tradition, really good teaching, but a bit boring." Leeds University says the partnership will benefit students studying on campus. "Students will have access to a rich set of resources from both Leeds and our partners. They can also broaden their education beyond their main subject areas." The UK higher education industry stands among the top five export earners for Britain Moocs have grown rapidly in the US over the past year, with two providers leading the field. Coursera offers courses from 33 Universities, including Princeton, Brown, Columbia and Duke, and has reached more than 1.7 million users, EdX, a nonprofit start-up from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology courses this autumn. Simon Nelson, one of the key architects of BBC Online, will head FutureLearn as launch CEO. "It's really meaningful for these universities to come together -we'll punch much harder collectively than any other university will individually," he said. Partner Institutions will be responsible for their own content while the OU, which has been providing distance-learning courses since 1971, will assist with course delivery and infrastructure. Details of further universities will be revealed next year, as will the courses on offer. In which magazine would you most likely find this passage?
|
[
"Entertainment",
"Science",
"Education",
"Business Week"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Years ago, I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required. The hero invites the bad guy to his home and offers him a glass of water. The man takes the glass and drinks the water. After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and picks up the glass. His expressions show the satisfaction at a job well done. The bad guy will soon be arrested. At that time, I found it amazing - how can prints on a glass identify people? My dad explained that if you were to press your thumb on an inkpad and then on a sheet of white paper you will leave a smudge or print, which no one else in the world can make. The same would be true for each of your fingers. The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification - it was used as a signature on important documents, although they had no way of independently matching it with the owner. Each print is one-of-a-kind and no two people have the same characteristic. Scientists and criminologists (those who study criminal characteristics) determine the differences between fingerprints by a careful study of their curves and not by their general shape or pattern. In 1892, an English scientist, Sir Francis Galton, published a book on using fingerprints to solve crimes. At the same time in Argentina, a police researcher Juan Vucetich was also working towards a fingerprint classification system. However, it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally. Sir Edward Henry and his assistant Khan Haque discovered that all fingerprints could be systematically classified according to their general curve patterns. He divided them into three classes on the basis of their general pattern: loops , whorls , and arches . By counting the curve between any two points in the pattern, each of the ten fingers could be classified into a particular group. Taking the group together as a unit you have a complete system of classifying fingerprints. In June 1897, the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he applied the system. This system, called the science of fingerprint identification, is still used by police departments all over the world today with few changes. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
|
[
"The fingerprint classification system has experienced great changes.",
"For more than a century, fingerprints have been applied to crime solving.",
"Henry's fingerprint classification system was immediately accepted internationally.",
"By comparing the general shape of two fingerprints, one can easily tell their difference."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The H1Nl virus has been spreading world-wide,it is important for us to know how to control it.Please pay attention to the following points: 1.Don't touch your face.Above all,keep your hands away from your eyes,mouth and nose,all of which serve pathways for the viruses to enter your body. 2.Wash your hands.If you have to touch your face,wash your hands,getting under the fingernails for 20 to 30 seconds with hot soap and water before.Soaps with surfactants can deal with flu viruses. 3.Cover your nose and mouth.When someone sneezes or coughs,liquid drops with flu viruses as far as three feet through the air and land on your nose and mouth,so it's best to keep at least an arm's length distance when talking to someone who shows signs of infection .In order to protect others,cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze,and clean your hands afterward.Viruses can live for hours,or even longer when on the skin or other surfaces such as keyboards. 4.Consider buying a mask in case you need it in the future.Some research suggests that masks reduce the risk of getting the flu viruses by as much as 80%.But it also suggests that if you don't wash hands,the mask doesn't work well.So wash your hands and use the mask,especially wearing face masks in crowded places is also useful. ,. What can we do with the flu viruses?
|
[
"Water.",
"Masks.",
"Soaps with surfactants.",
"Tissues."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these things will supplement a squirrel's caloric needs?
|
[
"fish",
"tree bark",
"nuts",
"leaves"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a coffee pot?
|
[
"10 cups",
"10 gallons",
"10 fluid ounces"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A student pushes a wooden block across a sheet of sandpaper. Which characteristic of the block increases?
|
[
"hardness",
"mass",
"size",
"temperature"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Shenzhou X and three astronauts were sent up from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Gansu province, into a clear blue sky on Tuesday, bringing the nation one step closer to building its own space station in 2020. Two men, mission commander Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang, and China's second female astronaut, Wang Yaping, are expected to stay in space for 15 days. They will teach young people about science and do two _ , between Shenzhou X and the unmanned Tiangong-1 space module, a technically difficult procedure that brings two spaceship together in high-speed orbit . The trip is our country's fifth manned space mission, 10 years after the country's first astronaut, Yang Liwei, went into space in 2003. Who is the first astronaut to enter space in China?
|
[
"Nie Haisheng",
"Zhang Xiaoguang",
"Wang Yaping",
"Yang Liwei"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does technology pose a threat to the purity of Chinese language? Many Chinese use instant messenger tools such as MSN or QQ, listen to music on MP3 players and log on the Internet using ADSL--most without knowing the literal Chinese translation of the abbreviations . But they don't have to, as many English letters have become part of the local vocabulary. A dozen abbreviations including GDP, NBA, IT, MP3, QQ, DVD and CEO are among the 5,000 most-frequently used words in the Chinese media last year, according to a report on the 2006 Language Situation in China. The report said some parents are so keen on English letters that a couple tried to name their baby "@", claiming the character used in email addresses reflects their love for the child. While the "@"is obviously familiar to Chinese e-mail users, they often use the English word "at" to pronounce it "ai ta",or "love him". The study collected more than 1 billion language samples from newspapers, magazines, TV, radio and websites. The annual report is jointly compiled by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Commission. "Nowadays, more and more English abbreviations are being used in Chinese, making them an important part of modern language," said Hou Min, a professor at Communication University of China. "The abbreviations have gained popularity because of the ease of usage," Hou said. For example, DNA is much simpler to use than its Chinese version. "As more Chinese people learn foreign languages, especially English, in recent years, using abbreviations has become a trend among educated people," she added. Some language scholars fear such usage will contaminate the purity of Chinese and cause confusion in communication. Which of the following is TRUE about the report on the 2006 Language Situation in China?
|
[
"The report is compiled by the Ministry of Education alone.",
"The report is compiled every year.",
"The report is compiled every two years.",
"The report is based on over 1 billion language samples from websites."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers Jose Cordova and Erich Astudillo have discovered a new molecule that kills the bacteria Streptococcus Mutans, long known to be responsible for breaking down sugars in food in the mouth, which damages tooth leading to decay . The new molecule they call "Keep 32" has been found to kill the bacteria. The two have applied for a patent on their discovery and have also begun a marketing strategy aimed at both oral care products and food products. They say either product, if left in the mouth for just 60 seconds ,will kill all the harmful bacteria in the mouth and keep _ at bay for several hours. If the new molecule passes health and safety tests, the two believe products using their new molecule should be on the market in as little as a year and a half. They expect the market for such a product to reach $300 million in just the first year. The two have been working together since 2005 using money from the Founder Institute and say the aim is to approve the process for creating the molecule they've discovered for big companies like Procter & Gamble, Colgate even candy companies such as Hershey's. In interviews, Astudillo has suggested that the two researchers are already heavily into discussion with several companies, some of which are interested in buying the patent once it is approved. Over the years many products have _ with announcement of reducing tooth decay and even the loss of teeth, but other than the introduction of fluoride into drinking water, not much progress has been made. If the announcement made by this new team proves true however, it could foresee a mark in saving the world of tooth decay as well as helping to improve the health for millions of people as tooth decay has been linked to many other health problems throughout the body including heart attacks. This passage mainly tells us that _ .
|
[
"many health problems are closely connected to tooth decay",
"the discovery of a new molecule will greatly benefit health care",
"two researchers are discussing their patent with companies",
"researchers discover a molecule that can kill tooth decay-causing bacteria"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa?
|
[
"65°F",
"65°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It's flu season. What are you doing about it? David Oreck, Founder My Oreck Air Purifier captures and destroys viruses, bacteria and germs. 2005 ORECK HOLDINGS,LLC. All Rights Reserved. All word marks, logos, product configurations and registered trademarks are owned and used under the authority of Oreck Holdings, LLC. For the very young and the very old and virtually everyone in between, the flu is nothing to sneeze at. So here's what you can do. Check with your doctor to see if a flu shot is right for you. Wash your hands frequently. Maintain a healthy diet and regimen of exercise. And because you're spending most of your time indoors, it makes sense that the air in your home is as fresh, clean and pure as it can be. My Oreck XL(tm) Professional Air Purifier captures and destroys viruses, bacteria and germs. It removes mold spores, pollen, pet dander, household odors and other airborne particulates as small as 0.1 microns. (The flu virus measures 0.3 microns.) The Oreck Professional Air Purifier uses the same advanced technology as the prefix = st1 /U.S.submarine fleet where mariners are submerged for up to six months at a time. Because the permanent electronic filter never needs replacing, you can rinse it off as often as you like and it's as good as new. My Oreck Professional Air Purifier will literally pay for itself in what you pay for costly HEPA replacement filters that other manufacturers require. Besides HEPA filters don't destroy germs. They can only capture and hold them. So this flu season, take the Oreck Challenge and try my Oreck Professional Air Purifier risk-free for three full months. Then decide. CALL NOW AND RECEIVE A $100 GIFT-FREE. Just for trying an Oreck Air Purifier risk-free for 90 days, we'll send you our $100 Oreck Cord-Free Electric Broom ly free. It's a floor vac and a hand vac in one. If you don't feel the difference simply send the Air Purifier back--but keep the Electric Broom--there's no obligation. The shipping is free. Call 1-800-522-5961 ext. CR589 or visit www. oreck. com/decairNothing gets by an Oreck. The Oreck Air Purifier has the same function with others in _ .
|
[
"capturing germs",
"destroying viruses, bacteria and germs",
"curing the flu",
"the fact that electronic filters never need replacing"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Internet can be a great way to connect with people. The latest web craze is social networking on websites such as MySpace. More than 65 million young people use online social networking sites. That cyberspace trend is causing problems in school, however. In a recent survey, nearly 36 percent of school administrators said that social networking sites troubled learning in their districts. Should school districts ban sites like MySpace? Teachers are worried that some students use social networking to post personal information and to cyber bully other students. One of the biggest dangers comes from people who find out kid's personal information. Many districts have blocked students from accessing or using social networking sites from school computers, and some have suspended students for posting harmful material on those sites from their home computers. Nearly two-thirds of US kids have computers in their homes, according to the US Census Bureau. "It is important to keep in mind that just blocking access to social web sites at school is not the end of the story," warns NSBA executive director Anne Bryant, "Most of the misuse of these sites takes place at home but still affects the classroom." _ . They say the main problem with sites like MySpace is that students don't understand the dangers involved in using them. "Many students are posting personal information about themselves without regard to who has access to that information," Jim Hirsch said, "Schools should focus on educating their students and their parents on how to be safe online." Experts argue that too many schools are forbidding students to use social networking web sites without thinking about their educational benefits. "Social networking web sites can help connect students in the United States to their peers in other countries, providing invaluable lessons in foreign cultures," explains Hirsch. Where do students usually misuse social networking sites?
|
[
"At the teacher's office.",
"At the net bar.",
"At the classroom.",
"At home."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants?
|
[
"Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots.",
"Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant.",
"Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants.",
"A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Compost rotting is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When I saw a big handmade signboard "Welcome Yuxin" at the airport,I knew I had found a caring family at the other side of the world -- the United States. My host mom had already decorated my room for me. There was a doll on one side of the room,and a bookcase full of books on the other -- they had heard I loved reading. Mom had also prepared a keyboard for me,since she knew that I played the piano. My life in the family did not go so well at first. Because I am the only child in my family in China,I was not used to having two younger kids -- Zachary and Grace--running around me yelling all the time. Mom had a serious talk with me about this problem on a Sunday afternoon. She told me,"You can't just come home from school every day,go to your room and do your homework. You need to be a part of this family. You need to play with my kids for at least an hour. " This rule was very annoying at first. I did not have much experience playing with children. However,the more time I spent with the kids,the more I grew to love them. We played games and read books together. I even taught them Chinese. Thanks to Mom's rule,I began to feel like I was really part of the family. Mom also inspired me to live a healthier life. She got up early every morning to go running. On weekends,she took the whole family to visit parks or go camping. I did not like sports much when I was back home,but now I love to join all kinds of sports. I am healthier and more confident too. With my American family,I found joy and laughter. I learned to live with energy and optimism ,thanks to the care and responsibility of my loving American parents. What led Yuxin to feel like she was really part of the family?
|
[
"Yuxin's talks with her host parents.",
"Having to join in sports with the family.",
"The host mom's rule about playing with the kids.",
"Enjoying weekends with the host family."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten, at the University of California, was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams, or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may list their salt content. The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows how that idea can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s",
"the American Heart Association suggest less than 3 grams of salt every day",
"a reduction in salt in the diet helps lower blood pressure",
"all the heart diseases result from eating more salt"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person may find that iron attracts other items such as
|
[
"plastic toys",
"broken bottles",
"grass stains",
"wire braces"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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