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People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when they wake, scientists found. But recharging with a shallow nap offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study add to the evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain's ability to strengthen memories. An average night's sleep includes four or five periods of REM sleep, but these tend to be longer towards the end of the night. This means that adults who get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to form strong memories. Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages. In the most recent study, participants were shown groups of three words -- such as "cookie", "heart", and "sixteen" -- and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. In this example, the answer would have been "sweet". They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no improvement in their test results, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 percent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain -- which leads to creative problem-solving -- is encouraged by mental changes which occur during REM sleep. People woken while their closed eyes made rapid movements recalled much more color1ful and detailed dreams than people woken during other stages of sleep. According to the passage, to have a good memory, a person had better _ at night.
|
[
"sleep four to five hours at most",
"sleep as much as possible",
"have a shallow sleep",
"sleep with four or five periods of REM"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a 5-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 66°F",
"a 5-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 84°F",
"a 5-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 78°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Lucy, whose skeleton was discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, died shortly after she fell out of a tree, according to a new study published Monday in the British journalNature. For their research, Kappelman and Dr. Richard Ketcham used a CT scanner to create more than 35,000 "slices" of Lucy's skeleton. Scientists named her Lucy from the Beatles song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", which was played at the camp the night of her discovery. The following analysis of the slices showed sharp, clean breaks seen at the end of Lucy's right humerus are similar to bone breaks seen in victims of falls. The researchers concluded that these and other breaks in her skeleton show that Lucy, who is believed to have stood about 3 feet 6 inches and weighed about 60 pounds, fell feet first and used her arms to support herself -- but that the injury was too severe to have been survivable. The researchers estimate that Lucy was going about 35 miles an hour when she hit the ground after falling from a height of roughly 40 feet, according to the statement. That sounds _ . But other scientists are doubtful. "There are countless explanations for bone breaks," Dr, Donald C, Johanson, director of the Institute of Human Origins and one of the scientists who discovered Lucy, said, "The suggestion that she fell out of a tree is largely a just-so story and therefore unprovable." Johanson said it was more likely that Lucy's breaks occurred long after she died, saying that "elephant bones appear to have the same kind of breaks, It's unlikely they fell out of a tree. " But the new research focused on "a small number of breaks" that are consistent with "high-energy bone-to-bone influences" and which differ from the sorts of breaks commonly seen in other collected bones. Kappelman responded in an email, "These appear to have occurred at or near the time of death." Which of the following would Johanson probably agree?
|
[
"Elephants are unlikely to die from falling.",
"Lucy got breaks at or near the time of death.",
"Other reasons for the breaks should be considered.",
"Lucy's bone breaks differ from other bone breaks."
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I attended a birthday party in 1991. My teacher was then 59 years old. But her fellow teacher said that we were celebrating her 39thbirthday! We were all surprised and puzzled. After the party I was told by the fellow teacher that American women have a special saying about birthdays. If a woman is over 40, or even if she is 80, her birthday is always the 39th. If she is in her thirties, her birthday will be the 29th. And in her twenties, it's the 19th. They usually have their "real" birthday when they are below 20. This shows that American women, especially elderly women, are very sensitive about their ages. But my teacher always says, "We want to be younger," so about the age of Western women, my advice is that if you don't know it, don't ask about it; if you really know it, don't mention it. The writer must be from _ .
|
[
"Western countries",
"Eastern countries",
"China",
"the United States"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Earth may lose a million parts of energy each day but
|
[
"it loses more",
"it has less",
"it gains more",
"it is soft"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone must go to bed early and get up early, or we won't be healthy and clever.Is this true? Maybe it is.The body must have enough sleep.Children of your age need ten hours'sleep every day.If you don't go to bed early, you won't have enough sleep .Then you can't think properly and can't do your work properly.You will not be clever.Some people go to bed late and get up late.This is not good for them.We must go to bed at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep soundly.When the daytime comes, we must get up.This is the time for exercise.If you lack exercise, you will become weak.Exercise keeps a strong body.Exercise helps the blood flow around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our body.The brain also needs blood, we think with our blood.If we keep our body healthy and take exercise, we can think better. The best time to sleep is when _ .
|
[
"daytimes",
"it is dark",
"we are taking exercises",
"it is late afternoon"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Love, success, happiness, family and freedom--how important are these values to you? Here is one interview which explores the fundamental questions in life. Question: Could you introduce yourself first? Answer: My name is Misbah, 27 years old. I was born in a war-torn area. Right now I'm a web designer. Q: What are your great memories? A: My parents used to take us to hunt birds, climb trees, and play in the fields. For me it was like a holiday because we were going to have fun all day long. Those are my great memories. Q: Does your childhood mean a lot to you? A: Yes. As life was very hard, I used to work to help bring money in for the family. I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. However, it taught me to deal with problems all alone. I learnt to be independent. Q: What changes would you like to make in your life? A: If I could change something in my life, I'd change it so that my childhood could have taken place in another area. I would have loved to live with my family in freedom. Who cares whether we have much money, or whether we have a beautiful house? It doesn't matter as long as I can live with my family and we are safe. Q: How do your get along with your parents? A: My parents supported me until I came of age. I want to give back what I've got. That's our way. But I am working in another city. My only contact with my parents now is through the phone, but I hate using it. It filters out your emotion and leaves your voice only. My deepest feelings should be passed through sight, hearing and touch. If there were only one question left, what would it most probably be?
|
[
"What was your childhood dream?",
"What is your parents' view of you?",
"What is your biggest achievement?",
"What was your hardest experience in the war?"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. ks5u Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. ks5u There are many environment-friendly sport. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes;and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control. ks5u Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be "green gyms". They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free. ks5u The author uses power walking as an example mainly because _ . ks5u
|
[
"it is an outdoor sport ks5u",
"it improves our health ks5u",
"it uses fewer resources ks5u",
"it is recommended by experts ks5u"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. Going back to my internship days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma , with late, hopeless cancer. For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication--morphine by the clock. This was not talked about openly and little was written about it. It was essential, not controversial. The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for. The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. So there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. The kidney failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what. Within a few days the patient's pacemaker could be removed and she awoke from her coma. About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were." The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly. As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics . The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion. I described the case and asked the students their opinion. After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. I said, "I'll take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide." The instructor and the students were shocked: "You mean this is a real patient?" The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality. In any event, I went back and met with the nurses. A day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment. Soon she died quietly and not in pain. As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. And don't discuss it with the world first. There is a lesson here for everybody. Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse. The author suggested that doctors _ before they assist a patient in killing himself.
|
[
"do what they are wanted to do",
"discuss with the others about the decision first",
"be required to do so first by the patient",
"make sure there is no other choice left"
] | 3D
|
professional_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dolphins are our friends. They can use tools to solve problems although they don't have hands. For example, scientists have ever found that a dolphin can make a shy eel come out of its hole with a dead fish. Dolphins use different sounds to exchange information with each other. Scientists in Hawaii have developed a sign language to give instructions to dolphins, and the results are amazing. They find that dolphins not only understand the meaning of individual words, but also understand the importance of word order in a sentence. Most animals enjoy playing -- but dolphins seem to like making their games as challenging as possible. On a beautiful day in 1997, scientists at a beach watched a little dog going into the sea and swimming towards the dolphins. To their surprise, the dolphins came up to the dog and then started throwing it into the air. The dog seemed to enjoy the "game" and continued playing with the dolphins for more than an hour. Dolphins live in a very different world from ours, but they are very good at our "IQ tests" . For example, they will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise. They do this because they will get a fish as a prize. There is still much to learn about these cute problem-solvers, but it is certain that watching a dolphin show is fun. ,. (5) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Dolphins understand many languages.",
"Dolphins are a kind of clever animals.",
"Scientists have known dolphins well enough.",
"Dolphins seem to make their games relaxing."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
|
[
"15°C",
"35°C",
"20°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which statement describes all matter?
|
[
"All matter contains carbon.",
"All matter contains oxygen.",
"All matter is made up of cells.",
"All matter is made up of atoms."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You know that balloons must be kept away from sharp objects. They also needed to be kept away from flames. A fire can weaken the rubber and cause it to break. However, in this experiment you will find out how you can hold a balloon directly in a flame without breaking the balloon. Materials needed: * two round balloons not inflated * several matches * water Inflate one of the balloons and tie it. Place 1/4 cup of water in the other balloon, and then inflate it and tie it. Light a match and hold it under the first balloon. Allow the flame to touch the balloon. What happens? The balloon breaks, perhaps even before the flame touches it. Light another match. Hold it directly under the water in the second balloon. Allow the flame to touch the balloon. What happens to this balloon? It doesn't break. Why does the balloon with no water break in the flame? The flame heats the rubber of both balloons. The rubber of the balloon without water becomes so hot that it becomes too weak to _ the pressure of the air inside the balloon. However, when the balloon with water in it is placed in the flame, the water takes in most of the heat from the flame. Then, the rubber of the balloon doesn't become very hot, it doesn't weaken, and the balloon doesn't break. Water is a particularly good absorber of heat. It takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water. On the other hand, when water cools, it gives off a great deal of heat. That's why areas near oceans or other large bodies of water don't get as cold in winter as areas at the same latitude further inland. The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to prove that _ .
|
[
"water is a particularly good absorber of heat",
"some balloons can be easily broken, while others can't.",
"balloons without water are not as strong as those with water inside.",
"the temperature is not up to the latitude."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
6 June, Saturday I read an article about people living in e-age yesterday. It talks about different ways of communicating like chatting on line, sending e-mails, sending different kinds of messages and keeping an online diary. The article says that people nowadays send e-mails at least once a day. I don't agree with this because I send e-mail only twice a week. However, I do check my e-mail once a day. I like receiving e-mails. About chatting online, the article says that chatting on line is becoming more and more popular among teenagers. I think this is true. Whenever I arrive at home, I turn on my computer and log on to chat online with my friends. I prefer chatting online to calling a friend, because I can chat with many friends at the same time. But I like using mobile phones. When I do not have my computer with me I can send short massages to my friends. I also like keeping in touch with them in this way. I keep an online diary four times a week. I like telling others what has happened to me. I think I am one of the people living in the e-age. I can live without computers or mobile phones. What about you? Can you live without computers or mobile phones? Posted 6:15 pm The passage is about _ .
|
[
"using computers",
"sending messages",
"living in the e-age",
"online diaries"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Living in the desert is really hard! With less than 10 inches of rainfall a year, deserts are dry all year round. Lots of heat from the sun and a shortage of water are just a few of the challenges facing desert animals. Deserts are homes to many animals and plants. Few large animals have got used to life in the desert because their size makes it difficult to find shelter from the heat and they can't store water. In order to survive, desert animals have developed a number of ways to live in their special habitat. The most common way is staying under plants or rocks or digging underground in the heat of the day. And many desert animals stay in shelter during the day and hunt at night when it is cool. Some animals get the water they need from the insects, plants and seeds they eat, and do not need to drink. They do not have sweat glands and pass only small amount of waste water. Some animals develop their own ways of surviving in deserts. The Thorny Devil is a kind of lizard that lives in Australian desert areas. It has a body that channels raindrops directly into its mouth when it rains. Water-holding frogs spend most of the year underground in Australian desert areas, and develop a sort of cocoon that enables them to store water to keep them going through the dry times. When it rains, they come out to lay their eggs in ponds. The eggs hatch within days and develop quickly, before the water dries out. Why are there few large animals in deserts?
|
[
"They have difficulty in passing water.",
"They can't find enough food there.",
"There is no place for them to live in.",
"They can't protect themselves from the heat."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Marlin's phenotype for the eye color trait?
|
[
"black eyes",
"ee"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
We all want our skin to look good. If your skin is clear and healthy, it makes you feel better about yourself. How do you get great skin? Here arc some suggestions. Protect your skin against the sun. * If you are going outside, especially in the sun, you'd better put on sun cream about half an hour before going out in summer. * Wear a hat to protect your face. * Stay in the shade whenever you can. How to wash your skin? * Wash your body all over once a day. Use mild soap and warm water. * Wash the soap off, as it may hurt your skin. * Wash your face by using a facecloth and cleaning cream, and then wash with cool water. Twice a day is enough. What else should you do? * Remember to drink lots of water-your skin loves it. * Regular exercise is good for your skin. * Eat healthily so that your skin can get what it needs to do its job. To protect your -skin in your daily life, you can't _ .
|
[
"drink lots of water",
"do exercise regularly",
"go out in summer with hats or sun scream",
"eat junk food"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a major organ of the nervous system?
|
[
"brain",
"stomach",
"lung",
"bone"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Lady's phenotype for the wool color trait?
|
[
"Ll",
"white wool"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen. The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country's bees. He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees. The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey. It seemed that Professor Kerr, for that was the scientist's name, had a total success on his hands.www.zxxk.com Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result of something in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities. They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry, attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places. But worse was to follow. Having taken over the countryside, the new bees, with their dangerous stings , began to attack its neighbors -- cats, dogs, horses, chickens and finally man himself. A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings. This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil. But now they are on the move, heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America, and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them. The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to _ .
|
[
"make African bees less active",
"make Brazilian bees more easy-going",
"increase the number of bees in Brazil",
"increase the amount of honey in Brazil"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How old is "old"? The answer has changed over the years. Two hundred years ago,you were old at 35.At the beginning of the 20 th century,the average life span was 45. In 1950,70-year-olds were really old.Today,a healthy 70-year-old is still thought young. So,how old is old? The answer is one you've heard many times,from all kinds of people."You are as old(or young)as you feel."Your age simply tells you how many years you have lived.Your body tells you how well you've lived. "Nobody grows old by living a number of years." wrote a writer."People grow old when they don't have their ideas." People shouldn't have the wrong ideas about _ Sometimes,older minds can be as bright as young minds.Alice Brophy once said,"It makes me unhappy when people say,'You look young for your age. ' What does that mean?You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80. " The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"the average life span",
"aging",
"the 20th century",
"older people and young people"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
College provides an important platform for the future professional life.The grades speak well about the kind of student you are and will also determine the chances of further studies.You cannot do all things at one time.At time you need to decide what to do according to their importance.This is one good skill that you will be requiring even after graduation. There are few tips to help you at college: Just find the place where you will not be disturbed.Grab your reading material,note pad, pen and other necessities.Distraction is a biggest hurdle in focusing.You need to ask yourself what distracts you the most.Is it music from the neighbors,presence of someone at home, internet or anything else? Try to be aware of your weakest points and then stay away from them as much possible during your study time.The distraction may also include your friends and some other things.It is only you who can decide that what is best for you. When you are ready for studying,then arrange the reading material and decide what things you need to study first.Put maximum time on your weak and major subjects.Set aside your minor ones for few hours as you know that these are comparatively less important than the majors. Make a realistic study plan which you can follow and stick to it.There is no point of making all 8hr study schedule daily as you know that it's not possible for you.Start the preparation at least 4 weeks before the exams. While making a study plan,don't forget the breaks after every 90minutes of study.It will help your eyes to relax and focus in an effective manner.Make a checklist of small milestones and put this on your table so you can see them frequently.When you are done with one or more cross them from the list and focus on the new ones. When choosing a place to study, you _ .
|
[
"need take a music instrument along",
"should consider a quiet surrounding",
"can depend on your teachers or friends",
"must consider whether it is comfortable"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?
|
[
"She couldn't get admitted to medical school",
"She decided to further her education in Paris",
"A serious eye problem stopped her",
"It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
China's Ministry of Culture has recommended 10 cyber games that are suitable for minors to play as part of its drive to purify the on-line environment for the young. The 10 cyber games were selected by the ministry's on-line games censorship committee from scores of games recommended by the Chinese public.l The games are all domestic products. They include five role playing games (RPG), four recreation and chess games, and one educational game, such as "Warring States II Online," "Rainbow Island Online," and "Wonderlands of learning and games." These games have made their way into the final recommendation list because they are considered "healthy" and can "enhance intelligence," according to the ministry. The ministry hoped the list could serve a a guidance for parents to better direct their children in the winter vacation, which usually lasts nearly two months from January to February each year. This was the third time for the ministry to publish recommended cyber games list. The previous two were made public respectively in January 2006 and August 2005 with a total of 25 games inlisted. In the past few years, on- line games have become the favorite pastime of young people. However, it is argued that such social problems as game addiction, juvenile delinquency and perversion among minors by on-line violence and pornography have come from an inadequately regulated Internet. About 9.72 percent of Chinese netizens between the ages of 13 and 30 suffer Internet addiction, said a report issued last month by the China Youth Association for Network Development (CYAND). According to the China Internet Network Information Center (CINIC), the main Internet watchdog, China had 210million Internet users at the end of 2007 and its online population is on course to become the world's largest at the beginning of this year. Net users between 18 and 30 accounted for 49.9percent of the total users. Although the CINIC did not give the figure of those below 18, teenagers and youths have obviously taken up more than half of the total number of net users. And the number of users under age 18 increased rapidly last year, the CINIC noted. What's the best title of the passage?
|
[
"How to purify the on-line environment for the young.",
"10 \"suitable\" cyber games for teenagers.",
"The disadvantages of cyber games.",
"Chinese authority lists 10 \"suitable\" E-games for teenagers."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One of Anna's friends has chickenpox . Two days later, Katie has chickenpox. Anna's mother says: " Your best friend has chickenpox . We have to keep an eye on you." The next evening, Anna finds some red spots on her face. The next morning, she stays home from school. She can't go to her grandpa's birthday party. She can't go to her soccer practice. She can't go to the supermarket with her mother.Anna cries : " I don't like chickenpox. I miss school. I miss my friends." Then Anna's mother has an idea. After lunch, Katie, Mike and Danny come to Anna's home--- all with spots like her. Anna's mother says : " Let's have a chickenpox party!" All the afternoon, the kids play games. When Anna's friends have to go home, "See you at school." Katie says. "Having chickenpox is not so bad." says Danny. "I know," Anna says with a laugh , " Can we all have chickenpox again next week?" Why does Anna say "Can we all have chickenpox again next week?"
|
[
"Because they want to have chickenpox.",
"Because they don't need to go to school.",
"Because she likes staying at home.",
"Because the chickenpox party makes her very happy."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A group of professional people put this question to a group of 4 to 8 year-olds, "What does love mean?" The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined: "When my grandmother got arthritis , she couldn't bend over and paint her toenails any more. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands got arthritis too. That's love." Rebecca-----age 8 "Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs." Chrissy-----age 6 "Love is when my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him, to make sure the taste is OK." Danny----age 7 "Love is when you tell a guy you like his shirt, and then he wears it every day." Noelle----age 7 "My mommy loves me more than anybody. You don't see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night." Clare---- age 6 "Love is when my mommy sees Daddy smelly and sweaty and still says he is handsomer than Robert Redford." Chris----age 7 Author and lecturer Leo Buscaglia once talked about a contest he was asked to judge. The purpose of the contest was to find the most caring child. The winner was a four-year-old child whose next door neighbor was an elderly gentleman who had recently lost his wife. Upon seeing the man cry, the little boy went into the old gentleman's yard, climbed onto his lap, and just sat there. When his mother asked him what he had said to the neighbor, the little boy said, "Nothing. I just helped him cry." What is the purpose of the passage?
|
[
"To present a survey",
"To explain the meaning of love",
"To report a contest",
"To show children's love"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One Saturday morning, Apple Inc's iPad table computer went on sale in the United States stores across the country. The iPad can be bought in more than 200 U.S. Apple stores from Apple. Many fans even waited overnight outside some Apple stores, hoping to be the first to get one. Dozens of the people were waiting before the door opened at 9:00 a.m. Hiro Kishimoto, a Japanese computer researcher who had a meeting in San Francisco, came as early as 5:00 a.m. He wanted to read books and magazines with the iPad. " It's much more comfortable than a laptop . Because the laptop is too heavy to carry all the time, when you are in the living rooms, maybe the iPad is the best one to use." He said. The iPad models that hit the U.S. Market on Saturday with price starting from 499 dollars, only have Wi Fi link to the Internet. Apple models that have both Wi Fi and 3G will be on sale in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Swizland and the UK in late April. With a 9.7 -inch touch screen like books and magazines, iPad can let users finish many tasks including making the web, watching videos, playing games and reding e-books. Apple is trying to remake the tablet computer. The iPad doesn't support Adobe's Flash software that is used to watch many of the videos on the web. " It is short of a keyboard, a mouse, USB ports and mwlti-tasking." some researchers said. People waited outside Apple stores early, because _ .
|
[
"they could get a gift when the store opened",
"the price of the iPad was low at first",
"they were eager to own the iPad",
"there were a few iPads on sale"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
*What prevents depression:tea,coffee or hot chocolate? Women who drink for or more cups of coffee a day are a fifth less likely to become depressed.Drinking two or three cups reduces the risk by 15 percent. This is the result of a study of 51,000 women over ten years, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association. One theory is that caffeine reduces the effect of the chemical adenosine in the brain, which can make us feel sleepy by slowing down nerve cell activity. Some anti-depressants also work by blocking the adenosine receptors. Coffee was found to be far more influential on depression levels than hot chocolate or tea due to the high caffeine content. *How many eggs can we healthily eat: one a day or two a day? Neither-eat them freely. We've long been warned to stick to two or three eggs a week because of their high cholesterol content. But according to the Food Standards Agency, there is no recommended limit to how many eggs we can healthily eat, unless you have been told to cut down by your doctor. There is no evidence that eating eggs raises cholesterol levels, and researchers found that eggs contain less cholesterol than in the past because hens are no longer given bone meal, which was banned in the 1990s after the BSE cresis. Research by the British Egg Council found that a medium egg gives you around 100 mg of cholesterol, a third of the 300mg recommended daily limit. What can we learn about eggs from the text?
|
[
"We should stick to two or three eggs a week in general.",
"Eat as many eggs as you like unless your doctor advises you not to.",
"Eggs contain more cholesterol at present than ever before.",
"One egg daily and you'll get more cholesterol than recommended."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Kamal investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?",
"Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?",
"Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Lucy is a nice girl. She is twenty-six. She opens a clothes store. Its name is Lovely Clothes Store. The store is for girls, not for boys. The store has clothes in many colors. Do you want to have a look at the store? Clothes Colors Price T-shirts blue, green and white Y=25 Skirts red, green, yellow and black Y=45 \ Y=65 Sweaters yellow, blue and red Y=35 \ Y=55 Trousers orange, white and green Y=54 \ Y=84 \ Y=104 ,. Serena can buy _ skirt(s) for 130 yuan at the store.
|
[
"one",
"two",
"three",
"four"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The health and welfare of every person in America will be affected by global warming, especially children, the elderly and the poor, according to a new White House science report. The report said every region of the country will suffer worse health from heat waves and drought. _ It predicts an increase in diseases spread by tainted food, bad water and bugs . The report concludes that climate change causes real risk to human health and human system that supports the way of life in the United States. Man-made global warming is caused by greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. At current emission levels, global temperatures are likely to rise by about 2 degrees by midcentury and about 7.5 degrees by the end of the century. The most vulnerable Americans -- the poor, elderly, sick, very young and immigrants -- will suffer more. That's at least 10 percent of the country's population, probably more. It will be tougher for these people to get enough health care for climate-related illnesses, to cool down in heat waves, to escape extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina, and even to get enough food. While every region of America is vulnerable to global warming's health and welfare effects, more people are moving to coastal regions, which are most vulnerable to climate change because of drought and hurricanes. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Global warming is caused by human beings.",
"It is wise for the Americans to move into coastal regions.",
"Global temperatures are increasing year by year because of carbon dioxide.",
"At least one tenth of Americans are more likely to suffer climate-related illnesses."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Voss is a city in Norway. One winter, the snow there was two meters deep!
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How long is a basketball court?
|
[
"32 miles",
"32 feet",
"32 yards",
"32 inches"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
These days, young children can enjoy directly what it is like to be a marine biologist at a marine association. What they discover can lead them to appreciate and protect the ocean and also the animals living in it. At the present time, learning isn't only limited to the classroom. It's quite common for kids to learn from outdoor experiences. Teachers commonly take their pupils on field trips to museums as well as other interesting areas. If you wish to help pupils to take care of the ocean, one of the best areas to take them to is a marine association, the place where the ocean biome is shown. Taking your pupils to a marine association is a prefect way to help them learn. Education professionals agree that there are topics that children can learn more successfully whenever they experience them directly. Several organizations that focused on protecting the ocean now operate on the coast of different areas in America and all around the world. It's quite common for marine associations nowadays to open their doors several times a week to kids, parents, and ocean lovers to learn more about the ocean biome. A marine association has different programs for children of different ages. You'll find programs that are developed specially for pupils. Pupils are involved in interactive learning. This learning experience allows young children to recognize the value of the role each species performs in their environment. They not only get to research creatures from the ocean, but they also get to see, touch, and smell most of these animals and plants. This type of _ offers students an idea about the life of a marine scientist. It could help them choose a career afterwards. These programs are generally held on Saturdays and Sundays in order that kids and parents can have more hours in which to have fun. Teachers who want to arrange these activities for their students can call a local marine association near them. According to the text, pupils can have a better understanding of the ocean biome by _ .
|
[
"learning about it from books",
"going to a marine association",
"attending marine biologists' meetings",
"taking part-time jobs at marine associations"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Parents need to be good role models to help their children make sensible financial decisions, according to Adam Hancock and his team, from East Caronlina University in the US. Their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years. Their work is published online in Springer's Journal of Family and Economic Issues. Credit card debt among college students has been a growing concern for researchers and policymakers over the last decade. In addition, there is growing concern among educators that more students are dropping out of school, not because of academic failure, but because of financial reasons, and credit card especially. Hancock and colleagues' study is the first to examine how parental interactions, and financial knowledge and attitudes may have a cumulative effect on the number of credit cards students own and their level of credit card debt. The researchers analyzed data for 420 undergraduate students from seven different American universities, who took part in the College Student Financial Literacy Survey. According to the online survey, nearly two-thirds of students had a credit card, and nearly a third had more than one. Those students who reported that their parents argued about finances were more likely to have more than two cards than the students whose parents who did not argue about finances. In terms of debt, those students who had two or more credit cards were nearly three times more likely to report having credit card debt over $500. The researchers conclude, "It is clear that the influence of parents cannot be neglected. Researchers, educators and policymakers should work in finding effective ways to increase the positive financial behaviors for college students. We need to help students learn financial skills and establish healthy financial attitudes at earlier ages to prevent poor financial habits from taking root. " In Adam Hancock's research, student's credit card debt is related to their _ .
|
[
"knowledge",
"concerns",
"school",
"parents"
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research. In a scientific study, doctors asked 20 men and 20 women to keep their hands in very hot water for as long as possible while breathing in different smells. As people believe that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were asked not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment began. During the experiment, volunteers were asked to take in pleasant smells such as vanilla , and unpleasant smells such as durians . The volunteers kept their hands in the water until it became too hot for them. When they could not bear the pain any more, they took their hands out of the water. Scientists are interested in whether the senses or smell is related to pain and whether men and women have the same senses. Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. For men, there is no change. Dr Finkelstein has been studying smells since 1999. He says that scientists already have data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results. One explanation is that women's sense of smell developed long ago, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies. Scientists used to believe that mothers recognized their children by sight only. Now, they have started to believe that the sense of smell also helps, but why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists. From the passage we learn that _ .
|
[
"the reason why women are sensitive to smells is clear",
"the experiment for the sense of smell has come to an end",
"unpleasant smells affect men's senses more than women's",
"scientists have not totally explained the result of the study"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is reported by Chinese Xinhua News that students waste more food than the national average. So the campaign on school food waste is getting popular across the country. The move is part of a national campaign started by students at different schools. At East China University of Science, students who finish their food in the school dining hall get a special card when they return their plates after meals. Students can collect cards and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, schoolbags, magazines and umbrellas. "It's been such a surprise," said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student in Shanghai. "It has given us one more motivation to eat up our food." "The purpose of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also teach students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle," said Tao Siliang from University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Other schools also pay attention to the quantity of food. At Nanjing No.9 Middle School, rice is divided into three different-sized bowls that students can choose from according to their own need. "It's great because I can try different dishes at half price and don't waste so much food," said Fan Peng, 15, a student from this middle school. What if you really can't finish all your food? At Changchun Normal College, they provide a take-away service. "If you can't finish all your food, you can get a box to take the left food home. Even if you feed the cat, it's not wasted," said Zhou Zeyong, a student who learns Chinese education. "I'm happy that we've cut down waste since joining the school 'eat-up' meeting. But some food is poorly cooked, meaning that students are not willing to finish it all. Some schools have taken note of this. So if we hope students try to waste less food, we should also improve the service and keep an eye on the meal quality on weekdays at school. If not, you can't complain students for throwing away much food," said Wang Guangji, the head-teacher of Beijing No. 29 Middle School. Why did we start the campaign on food waste at schools? Because _ .
|
[
"food waste at school is very serious",
"students should not eat more food",
"it is students' duty to eat less food",
"it's easy for schools to start a campaign"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Animals are our friends. We can find different kinds of animals on Earth. Some animals are living in big forests. And some animals are living with man. Animals are very important to man. For example, people can train the elephants to do some heavy work. And they can also train the dogs to look after the house. A police dog is clever. It can help people in danger. And it can also help the policeman to catch the thieves or murderers. The children like dogs very much. Everyone knows sheep and pigs very well. Man eats their meat almost every day. People can make coasts and shoes with their skins. From cows, we can get milk. It's good for our health. And horses can take us to other places. In some places, horses and camels are instead of car and buses. It's clear that man can't live comfortably without these animals. _ can be used to look after the house.
|
[
"Only sheep and pigs",
"Horses and cows",
"Dogs",
"All the above"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Lisbon, Portugal, has cloudy skies today. So, the air pressure is low.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's
|
[
"electric charge.",
"atomic mass.",
"atomic number.",
"electron number."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You do something about twenty times a minute without even thinking about it--you breathe! In fact, every day you take about twenty-thousand breaths. The organs of your body that allow you to breathe are called your lungs. You have two of them that work together, located in your chest inside the rib cage. The main purpose of your lungs is to breathe in good air and breathe out bad air. The good air contains oxygen, which your body needs. The bad air is a gas called carbon dioxide, which your body cannot use. When you breathe in through your nose or mouth, air travels down the back of your throat. It passes through your voice box and into your trachea, or windpipe. Your trachea is divided into two air passage tubes. One leads to your left lung. The other leads to your right lung. Inside your lungs, oxygen is removed from the air you breathe and pumped into blood cells. Your lungs also get rid of harmful carbon dioxide from these cells. This process takes place inside hundreds of millions of tiny air sacs. Each adult lung is about the size of a football. When they are healthy, your lungs feel a little like a sponge and are pinkish-gray. When lungs are damaged by smoking, they can appear gray or have black spots on them.One disease that is very common in children involves the lungs. It's asthma. Asthma narrows the breathing tubes, making it harder to breathe. You probably already know that your lungs are important when you swim. But you may not know this--your lungs are the only part of your body that can float on water! Where are your lungs?
|
[
"In the organs of your body.",
"inside the rib cage of your chest.",
"between your nose and mouth .",
"at the back of your throat."
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In fall 2006,the National Basketball Association (NBA)started using basketballs made with synthetic ,or man-made ,material instead of leather .They made the change be- cause they wanted every basketball they use to feel and bounce the same.Not all leather balls are exactly alike in weight or how they bounce,but the synthetic balls are. However,some players complained right away that the new balls bounced differently and were actually harder to control than the leather ones. Physics helped answer questions about why the new balls felt different.For example,the scientists studied friction ,which in this case affects the ability of a player to hold onto a ball."The greater the friction,the better it will stick to his hand,"explains a scientist. Tests on both wet and dry balls showed that while the synthetic ball was easier to hold onto when dry,it had less friction and became much harder to hold onto when wet.That's because _ stays on the surface of the synthetic balls but gets taken into the leather balls. The scientists also tested bounce and found that the logo printed on the new balls made their surface uneven and caused them to bounce a little strangely com- pared with the leather balls. In January,the NBA went back to using the leather balls.They aren't perfect,but for now,that's just the way the ball bounces. Why were the synthetic balls expected to be used in NBA according to the text?
|
[
"Because they are easier to control.",
"Because they waste less material.",
"Because they look exactly alike.",
"Because they feel and bounce alike."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
About 3 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering from a major lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 58 years very hard and had lost interest in life. It was quite difficult to try to get him to eat each day as he didn't want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice cream. One evening, to our surprise, he refused to eat the ice cream, so I placed it in a staffroom refrigerator. A little while later, my son said he wanted it, so I fetched it for him. As I passed another ward , a woman asked, "Are there more where that came from?" When I explained, she seemed very disappointed. She then said that she had cancer and could eat very little other than the occasional ice cream. The next evening, I decided to buy two ice creams. On the way to dad's room, I came into the sick woman's room, and offered her the ice cream I'd bought for her. She was totally astonished that I had thought of her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, explaining what was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. It was _ that she did not have many visitors. I repeated the gesture a few days later, and this time I received a warm hug. I never even thought to ask her name and never saw her again, but it made me realize that a simple act of kindness can bring joy to a person's unfortunate life. ,. Form this passage we can learn that _ .
|
[
"We should look after the old when they suffer some cancer",
"It is very easy to make someone happy when they are unlucky.",
"If we buy some present, we'll get a warm hug at last.",
"If someone has a cancer, he won't eat anything except ice cream."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Near multicollinearity occurs when
|
[
"Two or more explanatory variables are perfectly correlated with one another",
"The explanatory variables are highly correlated with the error term",
"The explanatory variables are highly correlated with the dependent variable",
"Two or more explanatory variables are highly correlated with one another"
] | 3D
|
econometrics
|
mmlu
|
How long does it take to sing the ABC song?
|
[
"22 seconds",
"22 minutes"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When the traffic lights turn red, we will stop driving a car or crossing a street. Why is red used for traffic lights instead of other colors? As we know, scattering happens when light goes through the air. For the same media , if the _ is long, the sscattering will be short. If the wavelength is short, then the scattering will be long. Of all lights we can see, red has the longest wavelength. So the scattering is the weakest. That means the red light travels far. In fact, it travels farther on rainy days. Using the red light can help drivers in farther places see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time. So there will be fewer accidents. Moreover, red can also excite people. We can act more quickly when we see the color red. In a word, red lights help drivers stop in time and help prevent accidents. Which of the following is the best title?
|
[
"Why do accidents happen",
"How does the red light travel",
"Why do we use red traffic lights",
"The colors of the traffic lights"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The weekend is usually a time of rest. But today's Chinese teenagers can't rest during the weekends. According to a survey , 24% of the Junior students in Beijing have classes at the weekend. Over 40% of the Junior 3 students have less than eight hours of sleep each night. Ji Ping, a Junior student in Guangzhou, has to get up at 6:30 a.m. on Saturday. Then she has a whole day of classes. On Sunday she gets to extra classes for Maths and English. But she doesn't complain . She says that all her classmates work hard on Sunday. Liu Yang is from Dalian. As a Junior 2 student, his weekends are less busy. But he always spends Saturday in school. On Sunday, after finishing homework, he plays basketball. He feels happy because he still has time to do the things he likes. A few students are lucky. Yang Qing, a Junior 3 student from Zibo, Shangdong, is one of them. At weekends, she usually gets up at 8:00. Then she spends some time doing homework. After that she is free to do what she likes. "Don't push yourself too much. Learning well at school is easy," she said. And she is a top student in her class. How many hours do 40% of the Junior 3 students in Beijing sleep each night?
|
[
"Less than 6 hours.",
"Less than 7 hours.",
"Less than 8 hours.",
"More than 8 hours."
] | 2C
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People usually think it is very easy to cook instant noodles . They usually put the noodles into the boiling water and add in the MSG, together with the other things like eggs or vegetables. However, have you ever wondered if this is the correct way of cooking them? Do you know what is on the surface of the noodles? People use something like wax to cover the noodles when they make them, so that the noodles can join together nicely before they are put into the _ . Many people enjoy eating them without thinking of this. But a report said the wax covered on the noodles was very bad for our bodies. They said it needed about 2-3days to clear away the wax in our bodies after we ate it. So it is dangerous to have too much wax stayed in our stomachs. But it is not difficult to wash away the wax. Before you cook the noodles, wash them with hot water and then pour away the water. Do it like this twice, and you can wash the wax away. Then and you can cook the noodles as usual. To clear away the wax needed _ after we ate it.
|
[
"about 2-3months",
"about 2-3 weeks",
"about 2-3days",
"about 2-3hours"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A farmer who lived in a small village had a bad pain in the chest. This never seemed to get any better. The farmer decided that he would go to see a doctor in the nearest town. But as he was a miserly person, he thought he would find out how much he would have to pay the doctor. He was told that a sick person had to pay three pounds for the first visit and one pound for the second visit. The farmer thought about this for a long time, and then he decided to go to the doctor in the town. As he came into the doctor's room, he said, "Good morning, doctor. Here I am again." The doctor was a little surprised. He asked him a few questions, checked his chest and then took the pound which the farmer insisted on giving him. Then the doctor said with a smile, "Well, sir, there's nothing new. Please go on taking the same medicine I gave you the first time you came to see me." Why did the farmer decide to go to see a doctor in the town?
|
[
"Because the doctor in the village had been unable to save him.",
"Because he had a fever.",
"Because he suffered from a pain in the head.",
"Because the pain didn't seem to get better."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which fact about water is an example of a chemical property?
|
[
"Water expands when it freezes.",
"The boiling point of water is 100ºC.",
"Water can separate into hydrogen and oxygen.",
"The density of water is greater than the density of ice."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Young people looking for a job with good pay, flexible hours and job security should consider working in health care, according to a list of the top 15 best jobs in the US for young people. Health care is the fastest growing sector of the US economy and nearly half of what are considered the top jobs for young people are in the sector, Forbes.com said. With a medium annual salary of $33,470, dental assistants topped the ranking, while medical assistants, who earn about $28,860, came in No. 3, followed by physical therapist assistants who make a medium salary of nearly $50,000 and health aides who earn $20,560. Teachers of self-enrichment courses such as pottery and art, were the only non-health job in the top five. "Almost every one of these requires physical contact," Laurence Shatkin, the author of the book "150 Best Jobs for Your Skills," told Forbes. com. "You have to show up to do them, so you're not being shipped overseas, and they can't be done by a robot." Shatkin studied which jobs have the highest concentration of 16 to 24 year olds, pay well and have opportunities for entry level positions. He based the ranking on annual salary and openings and projected growth. Many of the jobs do not require a college degree. Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors, pharmacy technicians and surgical technologists were also among the top 10 jobs for young people. Because many of the jobs can be done on a part-time basis, they offer the flexibility for people to continue their education while doing them. Some of the jobs offer career prospects and advancements. "Young people may not have figured out what their priorities are yet," Shatkin told Forbes.com. "They may use these jobs to discover what they like and where they fit in." After reading the passage, we can infer that _ .
|
[
"teachers of self-enrichment courses are No.2 among the top five jobs",
"dental assistants are listed as the best job due to their highest salary",
"people still need to go to college to get a good job",
"good jobs are those that can be done part-time"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The reading on a barometer rises when the air
|
[
"pressure increases.",
"pressure decreases.",
"speed increases.",
"speed decreases."
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As summer arrives, it's important to drink more, to keep us cool. Let's look to see what drinks are popular in the US. Sports drinks and fruit drinks are quite popular. But there are two main drinks that Americans enjoy most: water and soda. Around 10.9 billion gallons of water is drunk each year, and 12.8 billion gallons of soda. Soda is the most popular drink. It's fizzy and enjoyed with friends. Perhaps it is the drink of choice for parties. However, if you are playing sports, soda is not a good drink. The fizzy and sweet drinks may make you uncomfortable while exercising. The best drink for sports is water. That's because it has no calories and keeps you fresh during sports. Besides, doctors tell us that drinking water each day is healthy. For many kids, juice or milk are their favorites. These drinks are healthy and give kids vitamins and energy during the day. Adults usually choose between tea or coffee. What drink is good for children?
|
[
"Soda.",
"Tea.",
"Coffee.",
"Milk."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wolves kill many elk every year and often attack old, sick, and injured members of a herd. Which of the following best describes the role of the wolves in the wolf-elk relationship?
|
[
"competitor",
"host",
"parasite",
"predator"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student adds sugar, spices, and salt to a bowl of peanuts and stirs them together. What has the student made?
|
[
"a compound",
"a substance",
"a mixture",
"a solution"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As is known, it is a respectful job to be a teacher serving students heart and soul. And most people also compare a teacher to a gardener who takes great care of various plants. Ever since my high school days, my heart has been set on becoming a teacher. I am now studying at a teacher's college, and I am making great efforts to study, because there are so many things to learn about education. But I thoroughly enjoy my studies, and every day I am amazed at the great influence education has on the human soul. I think it is only natural that I have always _ to become a teacher because my father and his father were also teachers. My father is now retired, following a brilliant career, and it has always been his dream to have me, his only son, follow in his footsteps. Although it sounds like my father's dream that I will become a teacher, it is also my dream and I am quite willing to realize the dream. I still have one more year to go at university, and after I graduate, I will go to the western part of China to become a teacher at a village school. I understand a teacher's job will not make me a millionaire, but it is not the prospect of making a lot of money that has propelled my ambition to become a teacher. Rather, it is my sincere desire to assume a responsible role in society, and make as many people well--educated as possible through my hard endeavors. Education plays an essential and important role in our society. If everyone can receive a good education, it will not only do good to our country but also benefit individuals' lives. Ten years from now, therefore, I hope to be established as an excellent teacher with hundreds of thousands of students who have benefited from me and carry on the family tradition with efficiency and honour. What's the author now?
|
[
"A doctor.",
"An actor.",
"A student.",
"A researcher."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term is also connected with academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism . The term became official, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954, when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams. "IV" was used because originally the league consisted only of four members. The use of the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to ( ,)the nation's oldest schools. In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and worldwide. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. All of the Ivy League's institutions place near the top in theU.S. News & World Reportcollege and university rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment . Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period; the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies are all in the Northeast geographic region of the United States. All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government. Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Brown's $2.01 billion to Harvard's $26 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
|
[
"The ABC of \"The Ivy League\"",
"Best Universities in the USA",
"The Financial Income of American Universities",
"How to Apply to an Ivy League University"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Polluted airborne particles kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health Organization. That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or Mexico. But those factories-or even the jammed roadways of modern cities-are not the biggest killer. Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes, says the WHO. What's causing the air inside people's homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day? Stoves. "Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour." says Kirk Smith, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013. Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smith's talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes. Poor _ then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable. Breathing this air day in day out eventually causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves. Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire-usually women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease. The author intends to tell people _ .
|
[
"how to avoid polluted air in their homes",
"to stop cooking in the household kitchen",
"to guard against household pollution from cooking",
"how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My grandmother often said to me, "You can count the number of your true friends on the fingers of one hand." For a long time I thought this was true. However, I've now discovered my grandmother was only half right. Maybe we do only make a few "best" friends in our lifetime, but those aren't the only people that we can call friends. There are many different types. Let me tell you about a few of them. One type of friends is the type I call the "football mom friend". My neighbor Sally is a good example. We both have kids who play football in a football club, and someone has to take them to practice and pick them up. Sally and I and two other mothers take turns to do this. We meet sometimes and have tea and talk about what our kids are doing, but those are the only times that we meet each other. I enjoy being with these women, but we don't do anything else together. Another type is called the "hobby friend". That's the person you share an interest or a hobby with. Michael and Cater, who are brothers, are a good example of this type. We're all in a bird watching club. Every few weekends the members of the club go on a trip to watch different kinds of birds. There's nothing romantic about my relationship with Michael and Cater, of course. We just share interest in birds. Then there's the "other half of the couple" type of friends. Jim is married to Rose, a friend that I've known since college. When Rose married Jim, I realized that I would have to be Jim's friend if I want to continue to be Rose's. Jim and I don't share so many interests, but we do have a friendly relationship. Which of the following statements is RIGHT?
|
[
"Finally the writer agrees with her grandmother.",
"Michael and Cater both fall in love with the writer.",
"The writer herself sometimes takes her kid to the football club.",
"Sally and the writer are close friends."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is likely the least helpful for the good bacteria that help your body?
|
[
"hot showers",
"eating well",
"keeping hydrated",
"using probiotics"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which group of organisms can show significant trait changes in the shortest period of time?
|
[
"bacteria",
"birds",
"fish",
"reptiles"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are a lot of social networking sites these days. In order to make relationships between people strong, sites like Facebook, Twitter and QQ have become a daily "must visit" site. In fact, many people spend all day in front of the computer or are busy with their phones only to spend time on these sites. Social networking sites provide facilities that enable people to communicate with their friends without spending time meeting them in person. In addition, they can play games. But what is quite surprising is that these sites not only give you pleasure, but can also increase risks of diseases in your body. Despite their primary purpose, these sites make people more isolated . "Sending a message through sites can cause side effects that are very big in the body's biological changes," said Dr Aric Sigman, a psychologist, according to DailyMail. Increased isolation may alter the workings of immune response to the feelings of anger and others. People become angry easily. In the journal, Dr. Sigman says that it can increase the risk of cancer, strokes, heart attacks and dementia . Researchers found that the amount of time people used to meet face to face had decreased greatly since the increased use of the electronic media in 1987. To save time, people prefer to meet virtually rather than face to face; Education today even uses an online system that allows school-aged children not to come out of their rooms. Parents spend less time with their children, like the cases in England. The habit of having dinner together decreases, while the number of people who choose to work online at home increases. "The electronic media may also reduce the ability of children and adults in social interaction, as long as they are isolated. Social networking sites should help us improve the quality of life, but what happens is the opposite, they are not a tool to improve, but a tool to replace," said Dr Sigman. According to Dr. Sigman, the electronic media _ .
|
[
"have damaged people's ability to speak",
"have influenced people's life",
"have reduced the quality of school education",
"should be reduced for people's health"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever seen people building houses? To build a house , you need workers. They use their hands , tools and machines to put things together. Building the ISS is the same. The difference is that the workers are astronauts. They walk in space and use robots' arms and hands to do their work. In the space station ,astronauts are comfortable. The temperature there is about 21degC.But outside the station , it can be too hot or cold for people. In the sunlight, it's about 120degC. In the shadow of the station, it's about -85degC . So when astronauts walk in space , they have to wear heavy clothes---- _ s. Spacesuits also keep astronauts safe from flying rubbish in space.Each time people go into space , they leave rubbish there. So astronauts should be careful because there's a lot of rubbish, some rubbish goes many times as fast as a plane ! Space walking is not easy , and it can be dangerous. So getting ready for it takes a lot of time to learn. Astronauts will need to do 160 space walks to finish their work in the ISS. That will take about 1,900man-hour of work. Which of following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Space walking is very comfortable",
"Space walking is difficult",
"Astronauts needn't wear spacesuits when walking in space.",
"Space walking is very safe"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a kitchen sink?
|
[
"11 fluid ounces",
"11 cups",
"11 gallons"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of these does not illustrate substances reacting to form new substances?
|
[
"H_{2}O(l) -> H_{2}O(g)",
"2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O",
"2Na + Cl_{2} -> 2NaCl",
"6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2}"
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Joe? Is chat you?" The woman speaking to me at he baseball game looked somewhat familiar, "Marci? " "It IS you ! " she exclaimed, smiling broadly. "God, it's good to see you again !" It was good to see Marci, too. Very often during the past few decades, I've wondered about her, I almost tried to reach her a few years ago after talking to a shared friend, who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci. So, running into her at the baseball game was, at the very least, just happening by chance. We spent a few minutes talking about the business of our lives: kids and grandkids, husbands and houses, education and recreation. It's always a little upsetting to see how few words are required to summarize 32 years of living. We played a little "have you seen...?" and "did you know,..?" And we recalled the good old, bad old days we used to spend together. Then Marci grew quiet for a moment, looking out over the crowd walking about the marketing area at the stadium. "You know, Joe." she said, "I've always wanted to tell you...how...you know...how sorry I am for the way I treated you." Hearing that, I felt I was suffering extreme embarrassment. One does not like to remember when one has been rid of by others roughly and suddenly. "It's OK." I said. "No big deal." At least, I thought to myself, not now. "But I was so stupid: she continued. Yes, you were. I thought. "We were both pretty young:' I said. "I know," she said. "But that's no excuse for..." She hesitated. then continued. "It's just always bothered me, remembering how mean I was to you.And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry. So...I'm sorry." The smile on her face was warm and sincere, and there was something in her eyes, it looked a lot like relief-- _ since she had played Wif'fle ball with my heart. "OK:'I said. "Apology accepted! Overcome by the sweetness of the moment. I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug Just then, the crowd erupted with a huge cheer, and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game By the time I looked over to where she had been, she was gone. But the warm, wonderful feeling of our brief exchange was still there, and continues to this day whenever I think about it . We all carry bitter, discomforting memories of deeds done or undone, and words said or unsaid. And we all bear wounds --some slight, some not so slight--that have been inflicted upon us by others.The healing balm of forgiveness can calm a troubled conscience and bring peace to an injured soul, even years after the fact. Of course,it isn't enough to just say "I'm sorry," and "You're forgiven." While there is indeed great power in those simple words, it is not available to those who are insincere, or who are only looking for a way to control or exploit.But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed , they can open the door to miracles( )of the heart and soul - miracles of forgiveness, even at a baseball game. When Joe and Marci saw each other by chance at a stadium, they both felt _ .
|
[
"surprised and delighted",
"embarrassed and sorry",
"sensitive and curious",
"upset and concerned"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In 1938, a fishing boat off the coast of Africa pulled up its nets. One net held a very strange fish, five feet long and bright blue. Strangest of all, it had fins that looked like legs! In the nets, only this fish stayed alive for several hours. Before the fish began to rot ( ), a young woman made a drawing of it. She sent her drawing to a scientist on sea life, Professor J. B. Smith. Upon seeing her drawing of the fish, Smith couldn't believe his eyes. Could it be true? It just didn't seem possible, but there it was. It could be only one thing, a coelacanth, a fish people believe having died out fifty million years ago. How could the fish be swimming about only a few days before? If we found one, there must be others. The professor put up posters offering a reward for catching such a fish. Other scientists laughed at Smith. They thought the search was a waste of time. Years passed. It seemed the other scientists were right. But Smith never gave up hope. One day, fourteen years later, the professor received a telegram. Afish had been caught that looked like the one in the poster. Would the scientist fly to the region and check the fish? Smith did. With shaking fingers the professor raised the cloth around the fish. It was exactly like the one in the young woman's drawing. It was a coelacanth,a missing link with the past! After the discovery of the coelacanth, scientists began to wonder. Is it possible that an even stranger creature will someday be discovered? Which is TRUE about the first coelacanth in the passage?
|
[
"It had four legs.",
"It was bright blue.",
"It was six feet long.",
"It died when caught."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the most flexible?
|
[
"brick wall",
"ceramic tea cup",
"cotton shirt"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
There is a very special wolf that lives in Africa. They are actually called, the African wild dog, of painted dogs. These animals live in open woodlands, or in the plains of Africa. Today, however, most of the animals can be found in eastern or southern Africa. These animals are beautiful. They have rounded ears instead of pointed like most dogs, and they have four toes on each of their four feet, also a unique characteristic because other dogs have five. Their fine fur is always different from each other. The fur is usually a combination of black, brown, red, and white, and sometimes even yellow. No wonder they're called the painted wolf. The African wild dog is a very social animal. They live in groups and have numbers from five to about twenty. The members of a group are always very close to one another. They communicate in their own language or body language. When someone is very old or sick, the others will help, and they are willing to share the food with the elders and with those who are weak, which is what we should learn from. The family does everything together, from raising young, to sleeping together, to hunting. When they hunt, they will work together suing team work to kill animals that are larger than them. They sometimes hunt farm animals. This is unfortunate, because both poachers , and people who own farms shoot the painted dogs who are just trying to survive. Before, there used to be many large groups throughout the land, but now the African wild god is very rare. They are also losing their population because of their own loss of habitat thanks to human's farming and forest cutting. From the text we learn that the African wild dog _ .
|
[
"lives in the north of Africa",
"has sixteen toes altogether",
"has pointed ears like most dogs",
"lives in forests in groups"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Here are some tips about how to keep healthy. 1. Healthy food is important. If you want to keep healthy, eat lots of fruit and vegetables. Don't eat much meat. 2. Water is important. Drink water every day. Milk is good for you, too. Don't drink sweet drinks. 3. Exercise is important. You can ride your bike or play soccer. Going swimming is a good idea. 4. Clean air is important. If you are free, you can go to the park and enjoy clean air. 5. Your teeth are important. You should brush your teeth twice a day. 6. Sleep is important, too. Go to bed early. Don't stay up late, or you will feel sleepy. The writer wants us not to _ .
|
[
"eat lots of fruit",
"eat lots of vegetables",
"drink water",
"eat much meat"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait?
|
[
"straight fur",
"curly fur"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Solar water heaters can use energy from the sun to heat water. They are used around the world. The solar water heater is based on a design developed some years ago in Afghanistan. Since then, it has been built and used in many countries. It can heat seventy liters of water to 60degC. It can do this between sunrise and noon on a clear day with an average temperature of 32degC. There are two parts of the solar water heater. One part, the collector, is made of a metal plate painted black. This metal surface, placed in contact with the water, will heat the water. Black-painted surfaces that receive the sun's heat become hotter than those of any other color1. Metal plates that have raised parts on the surface work better than those without them. Once the water is heated, it is kept hot with special material, which allows the water to stay warm for a long time. The second part of the solar water heater holds the water for the system. This water tank can hold about one hundred liters of water. Two rubber pipes are connected to the water tank. One pipe lets water go into the system. The other lets water go out. When the water heater is working correctly, water will flow from the tank to the collector and back again. You can use the hot water at the top of the tank for washing and cleaning. This solar water heater is easy to build and operate. It will last about two years before the rubber pipes need to be replaced. We can learn that solar water heaters _ .
|
[
"have three basic parts in their system",
"are hardly able to heat water above 60degC",
"are used widely by people all over the world",
"can heat water even on cold and rainy days"
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When we think of money, we think of coins and paper bills. That is what money is today. But in the past people used many things in place of money. Some countries used cows. Other countries used salt, tobacco, tea or stones. Today there are stills some places in the world that do not use paper money. One place is the island of Yap in the Pacific Ocean. On the island of Yap, people use the heavist money in the world --Yap stones. These are round, white stones with a hole in the middle. The Yap stones do not originate from the island. The Yap men have to go to the islands four hundred miles away to fetch them. Big stones can be twelve feet high -- as big as two tall men. Small stones are as big as a dinner plate. Rich people do not carry the Yap stones. Servants follow the rich. Each servant carries a stone on a pole over his shoulder. Today the people on the island use paper money for everyday shopping. But for other things they still prefer Yap stones. ,. On the island of Yap, people use _ as money.
|
[
"stones",
"cows",
"dinner plates",
"salt"
] | 0A
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A recent study suggests that teens' relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don't get a good night's sleep. David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens' sleep. And problems at school also affected teens' sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night's sleep. These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we're happy and contented, we're much more likely to sleep better than if we're sad and anxious. Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It's a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers. Clearly, teenagers aren't getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress. Parents are supposed to _ when their kids are growing up.
|
[
"continue their broken marriage",
"allow children to decide when to sleep",
"limit teens' using new technology",
"force teens to have 10 hours' sleep daily"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Remember your first romantic disappointment? Remember the pain and unhappiness of breaking up - the _ ? Winne recalls feeling very sad after her first true love deserted her. Her mother came into her room carrying a beautiful nightgown and handed it to her, gave her a hug and said, "I know you are feeling heartbroken. I thought you could use something to make you feel beautiful right now." The nightgown didn't make Winne's hurt go away, but she knew that her mother understood and cared about her feelings. As a parent, as much as you want to make it all better for your teen, give them space. Tell him or her that break - ups are hard and you are there for him or her whenever he or she wants to speak to you. Then let it go. Teenage girls often deal with break - ups by talking on the phone with their friends or diving into the Internet for a long chat. They review all the hurts and pains which are being cured. Boys react to broken relationships differently. Boys often become angry since that, unfortunately, is the only emotional choice that society accepts for boys. Some boys hide their pain. Respect your teen, when a relationship breaks up. It takes time to get over it, and the only way to get through that is to get through it. Sometimes teenagers get into trouble while trying to feel accepted again or win back a loved one. Keep reaching out to troubled teenagers. At first, teens will refuse a parent's attempts to help. Don't be afraid to insist. Teen break - ups can cause heart - wrenching pain , but sooner or later teenagers should be ready to date again. How can you lead your child toward a healthy relationship? Teens are likely to meet others like themselves through activities. The secret to attracting good people is to become your own independent person who feels good about who he or she is and what he or she is about. The beautiful nightgown Winne's mother handed to her _ .
|
[
"made her heart broken",
"made her feel beautiful right then",
"made her feel much better",
"made her feel her mother's care"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, and do not make mistakes. And they are honest. Many banks say that their business is "untouched by human hands" and therefore safe. But they have no thought that the growing number of computer crimes show they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don't use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there is often no proof. A computer cannot remember who used it. It simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York City bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer whose money he had stolen questioned the balance in his account, the teller said it was a computer mistake, then replaced the missing money from someone else's account. This man was caught at last. Some workers use the computer's power to punish their bosses they consider unfair. Recently, a large company fired its computer record assistant for reasons that were connected with her personal life rather than her job. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she stole all the company's computerized records. Most computer criminals have been common workers. Now police wonder if this is "the tip of iceberg". As one official says, "I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing--the ones who really know a computer works." The assistant stole all the computerized records _ .
|
[
"by chance",
"after she was dismissed",
"because she had been done wrong",
"because the company decided to dismiss her"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this fruit fly's genotype for the wing type gene?
|
[
"Nn",
"normal wings"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In 2013, a report from The Nero England Journal of Medicine showed that increased body weight is related to the death rate for all cancers. This is based on a study involving about 900,000 people, spanning many years. The study, started in 1992 by the American Cancer Society, included men and women from all 50 states. The youngest participants were 30 years old, and the '8verage age was 57. By December 2008, 24% of the participants had died, just a quarter of them from cancers. In analyzing the results, researchers attempted to take account of such potential factors as smoking drinking alcohol, taking aspirin and a wide variety of other factors that might otherwise affect the results. The results are clear the more you weigh, the greater your risk of dying of cancer will be (up to 52% higher for men and 62% for women). In men as well as women, the only cancers that did not have a strong connection with weight were lung cancer and-brain cancer. For women, the strongest correlation with weight was uterine cancer ,which is 6.5 times higher for women with a BMI(Body Mass Index)of 40 or more. For men, it was liver cancer, which is 4.5 times higher in most obese men. Smokers tend to be more successful in keeping weight off than non-smokers ,slightly reducing the risk ,But many of them don't have good lungs .Thus ,in another way ,they also face risks. As for why extra weight leads to excess cancer death rate ,there's no clear agreement .But the decrease in vitamin D in obese people seems a likely factor .Vitamin D is known to have a role in preventing cancer .Also, there is a simple fact that obesity makes the management of cancer more difficult .Although for now there is no simple answer to why obesity increases a person's cancer risk ,all we know for certain is that the risk is real. According to the passage, what can we learn about the study?
|
[
"There is a clear explanation concerning why obesity leads to more cancers.",
"Generally speaking, women face fewer r18ks of dying of cancer than mem",
"Women witha BMI of 40 dying of uterine cancer are more than other women.",
"Smokers are still likely to face risks of dying of cancer though keeping weight off."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is likeliest to decay?
|
[
"rock",
"radio waves",
"steel",
"a rhinoceros"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Becoming a teacher is one of the best ways to make a difference in the life of a child and even older students. Here are some great scholarships and grant opportunities to get the ball rolling on your dreams of becoming a teacher. Straightforward Teacher Program This is one of the most popular and unique scholarships available for students working towards becoming teachers. The foundation offers their scholarships every three months as opposed to each year. During each payment, four students receive a $500 scholarship. Prezell Robinson Scholarship Program While this scholarship is available only to students in the state of North Carolina, it is so incredibly helpful that many students choose to study in the state for the only purpose of receiving it. It is offered to college students who come from low-income high schools or families that are interested in pursuing a long term career in education at any level. New York State Scholarship Program Officials in the state of New York founded this program to award students who want to give back to their community through their ability to teach. The catch for this scholarship is that the students must be pursuing a teaching career in mathematics or science at the secondary level. Also, because the program was designed to improve the education system in New York, the candidates must sign a service contract agreeing to work full time within the state for at least five years after graduation. Coca-Cola Scholarships You may have many opportunities for grants and scholarships through The Coca Cola Foundation. There is the Coca Cola Teaching Foundation that will provide free money for students pursuing an education in the teaching field. This is the most obvious for teachers, but do not be afraid to check out their other offers. Funds For Teachers Not all scholarships or grants are for students entering or already in college. The Funds for Teachers scholarships are for graduates who are already working in the field, but want to improve their possibilities, skills and education in an effort to increase their ability to teach the students that cross their path more effectively. Teachers in PreK through 12th grade are applicable no matter where they teach or what subject they specialize in. How many students get their scholarships each year according to the Straightforward Teacher Program ?
|
[
"Four",
"Sixteen",
"Eight",
"Six"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wherever life takes you after A-level results day, it's likely to bring increased independence. That means it's time to take care of yourself. Students, take note. When you arrive at university, make sure you register with a doctor near your term-time address. If there is a university doctor at your institution, they will be your best choice. If not, ask student services for a recommendation. Once registered, do everything you can to make sure you never have to pay them a visit. Don't take unnecessary health risks. Cook meat thoroughly. Throw food away if it's out of date. Clean up after yourself. Food poisoning can be harmful, but it's easy to avoid if you pay due care and attention. University often brings a certain lifestyle, and while that's usually a whole lot of fun, it can quickly tip into a whole lot of sorrow. Know your limits when it comes to alcohol. Habitual drinking can be dangerous, and while every student will have nights of excess, these should be the exception, not the norm. Look out for your friends, too. If you're worried about alcohol or substance abuse, visit alcoholics-anonymous.org.ukorukna.orgfor free and confidential support. Anyone living with teenagers and young adults, especially in environments such as halls of residence, must accept that germs will be shared. Bugs and colds will spread like wildfire. Living communally brings certain health risks, and _ is probably the most serious of these. Symptoms include a rash, stiff neck and an aversion to bright lights. It's rare, but seek immediate medical attention if you're concerned (meningitis.org). Gappers, meanwhile, may need to consider specific health risks. If you're planning a trip abroad, especially in rural areas of poor countries, make sure you get the necessary vaccinations in good time before you leave. Research these at www.netdoctor.co.uk. You should be able to get everything you need from your doctor, although you may have to give them notice and you may have to pay, even on the NHS . If you also need to take medication while you're away, such as anti-malarials, do it faithfully. On a general note, whoever you are, wherever you are and whatever you do with your time, never walk alone at night, especially in quiet and badly lit areas. Always carry your phone. Never get in an unlicensed cab. Be careful who you trust. Respect your new independence, and keep yourself safe. This passage is mainly intended for the students _ .
|
[
"who enjoy university life",
"who live outside the campus",
"who are going to university",
"who want to keep fit at university"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As if there weren't enough of them in the world already, scientists have succeeded in cloning flies. The alike fruit flies are the first insects ever cloned, says the Canadian team that created them. The question everyone asks is why anyone would want to clone flies in the first place. She hopes that the insects , which are very easy to experiment with , will help to adjust the cloning process in other animals and even in humans, where the technique is being researched to aid production of therapeutic stem cells. In cloning, the DNA-containing nucleus of an adult cell is injected into an egg whose own nucleus has been removed. At the moment, the majority of cloned mice, sheep and other animals die before birth. It is thought this is because the adult DNA is not properly 'reprogrammed'. Using flies, researchers might discover genes that are important for this reprogramming, and that have matches in other animals. That is because it is relatively easy in flies to knock out the function of a single gene and then attempt cloning with these cells, which will test whether that gene is important. If such genes are confirmed, then in theory cloned mammalian embryos might be grown in selected solutions that change the activity of those genes to improve the technique's success rate. Although some groups have attempted to clone insects before, Lloyd says this is the first time it has been successful. The team used a slight difference on the standard cloning process: they transferred nuclei taken from embryos rather than fully-grown adult cells. They sucked several nuclei (pl)out of developing fly embryos, and injected them into a fertilized fly egg. From over 800 early attempts, they cloned five adult insects, the group reports in the journal Genetics. The scientists cloned flies because _ .
|
[
"there are fewer and fewer flies in the world",
"flies are easy to find and cheap to use",
"they can gain some experience before cloning other animals",
"it is safe to clone flies"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The tragic death of celebrity Wang Bei has made people aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery, which is becoming increasingly popular. A survey on the reaction to Wang's death, conducted by Tencent, which runs China's most popular instant-messaging service, received more than 600,000 responses, as of press time Monday.Forty-one percent of respondents expressed sorrow over her death, saying, "It's a pity she died at such a young age." Some 31 percent said she should have been more cautious and less vain, while 10 percent were enraged at the hospital that conducted the surgery.The remaining 18 percent were indifferent. A common thread of online discussion is why someone considered beautiful was so dissatisfied with her looks.Some netizens said Wang was a victim of society's unrealistic ideal of beauty: double eyelids, an aquiline nose and the pointed chin typical of Western celebrities.Others said her death underscores the limits to which people will go to achieve fame and fortune.Young people, see cosmetic surgery as the key to wealth and love. "They want to improve their appearance to find better opportunities at work and in marriage," says Ding Xiaobang, a plastic surgeon with the Peking Union Medical College Hospital."We're living in a highly competitive society.People regard appearance as a weapon and a means of empowerment...Most of them tell me, 'I don't care how much I spend, just make me look beautiful'." In the past decade, Ding says he Has seen a growing number of patients, like Wang Bei, who are young and naturally good-looking.The surgeon attributes this trend to people becoming richer, the standards of beauty changing, competition and frustration. "Some are frustrated with life and use surgery as a way to try and recover," lie says. The surge in demand for plastic surgery has resulted in a rise in the number of unauthorized business establishments and surgeons conducting such procedures. Meanwhile, experts say, young and beautiful people who still seek plastic surgery need to address their self-awareness issues and be more accepting. "They've built their identity around the admiration of others and fail to establish a system to assess themselves," says Zhu Wenbo, a psychologist with Blue Bay Psychological Consulting Center in Chengdu."People's opinions always change, so this is not a reliable way to evaluate oneself." Why is there such a trend of having medical cosmetic surgery according to Ding Xiaobang?
|
[
"People become richer.",
"The standard the beauty always changes.",
"People suffer fierce competition and frustration now and then.",
"All of the above."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week a study of one hundred ninety-nine countries confirmed what many people may have already noticed. People around the world are getting fatter. The study found that obesity has almost doubled since 1980. Majid Ezzati, who led the research team, says the results show that obesity, high blood pressure and high blood pressure are no longer just found in wealthy nations. These are now worldwide problems. The study appeared shows that in 2008, almost ten percent of men were obese. That was up from about five percent in 1980. That same year, almost eight percent of women were obese. By 2008, the rate of obesity among women was almost fourteen percent. Obesity is commonly measured by body mass index , or BMI. This is a measure of a person's weight in relation to height. A person with a BMI of twenty-five to twenty-nine is considered overweight. The World Health Organization defines obesity as a body mass index of thirty or more. Pacific island nations have an average BMI of around thirty-five -- the highest in the world. But the study found that the United States had the single highest average among wealthy countries. Men and women had an average BMI of over twenty-eight. New Zealand was next. Japan had the lowest, at about twenty-two for women and twenty-four for men. The report had some good news, however, about high blood pressure. The percentage of people with this major cause of heart attacks and strokes has fallen since 1980. Dr. Ezzati credits improved testing and treatment in wealthy countries. He says a decrease in the use of salt and unhealthful fats probably also helped. In the United States, new guidelines urge Americans to reduce salt, sugar and fatty meats and to eat more fish and whole grains. People are being urged to choose water over sugared drinks and to eat more fruits and vegetables. But whatever they eat, Americans are being urged to follow new advice from the government: eat less. The passage mainly tells us about _ .
|
[
"why more and more people are getting fat",
"some advice on keeping fit",
"a study of obesity",
"how to know a person's body mass index"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?
|
[
"only the bees",
"only the flowering plants",
"both the bees and the flowering plants",
"neither the bees nor the flowering plants"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
SALT LAKE CITY, March 1, 2010 --- Like silkworm moths , butterflies and spiders, caddisfly larvae spin silk, but they do so underwater instead of on dry land. Now, University of Utah researchers have discovered why the fly's silk is sticky when wet and how that may make it valuable as an adhesive tape during an operation. "Silk from caddisfly larvae may be useful some day as a medical adhesive for sticking wet tissues," says Russell Stewart, an associate professor of bioengineering and principal author of a new study of the fly silk's chemical and structural properties. "I picture it as sort of a wet Band-Aid, maybe used inside in operations --- like using a piece of tape to close a cut," he adds. "Gluing things together underwater is not easy. Have you ever tried to put a Band-Aid on in the shower? This insect has been doing this for 150 million to 200 million years." There are thousands of caddisfly species worldwide. Some species spend their larval stages developing underwater, and build an inch-long, tube-shaped case or shelter around themselves using sticky silk and grains of rock or sand. Other species use silk, small sticks and pieces of leaves. Each larva has a head and four legs that stick out from the tube.The larval case gets wider as the larva grows.A caddisfly larva eventually pupates as it develops into an adult fly and then hatches. Caddisflies now live around the world in waters ranging from fast streams to quiet low lying wet land. The caddisflies'adaptation to diverse habitats is largely due to the inventive use by their larva of underwater silk to build complex structures for protection and food gathering. Caddisflies fall into two groups. Some build their case and then drag it along with them underwater as they search for food. Some build a shelter glued to a rock,with a silk net to catch passing food. The passage is most probably a _ .
|
[
"science fiction novel",
"science news report",
"biography of researchers",
"social affairs report"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Accidents and illness are unhappy things to talk about, but no one can expect to live a lifetime without having some kind of accident or becoming ill. Some accidents and illnesses are serious and may result in long periods of invalidism. The newspapers contain spectacular accounts of accidents in the street and highways and public places, but nearly as many accidents occur around the home. Somebody trips on a rug. Somebody falls off a stepladder. Somebody is careless in cooking dinner, and is burned. Accidents incurred in the playing of sports and swimming also accounts for a large number of injuries, big and little. Despite constant campaigns to reduce the number of accidents, there are still approximately 100,000 accidental deaths and nearly 9,000,000 nonfatal injuries in the United States each year. It has been estimated that around 3,000,000 people are constantly ill in the United States throughout the year and that over half the illness is caused by respiratory diseases, chiefly colds and influenza. The pain and suffering caused by accidents and illness tell only half the story. Loss of time from school and work and medical and hospital expenses often make the pain seem worse. Money spent in this country for doctors, services, hospitalization, nursing care, drugs, medicines, Xrays, and special treatments, amounts to a huge annual sum. Added to this expense is another much larger amount that is lost to wage earners throughout the nation by reason of their loss of wages or income while sick or otherwise disabled. Accident and health insurance is a form of insurance devised to protect against these economic losses. It protects the earning of wage earners and finishes financial aid to the family of the breadwinner by the payment of his doctor and hospital bills. Today, business and professional men, farmers, industrial workers, clerks and those engaged in various occupations, whose earning power is shut off for a week, a month, or sometimes years, because of accidents or illness can insure themselves against this financial loss by accident and health insurance. Protection is available to all types of workers and the cost(called the premium)ranges from a few cents a day for small or limited policies to a month for policies paying larger amounts(called indemnities). Policy is another name for an insurance contract . Most accident and health policies are cancelable policies--that is, they are sold for a definite term such as a week, a month, or a year, similar to contracts of fire insurance and automobile liability insurance. There are, however, policies which cannot be canceled or terminated by the insurance company until the policyholder reaches an age at which he usually has no further earning power--most often at sixty or sixtyfive years. These noncancelable policies cost more than the cancelable policies. Every year in the United States there are _ .
|
[
"more people die in accidents than of illness",
"more people who are ill than those injured in accidents",
"more outdoor accidents than indoor accidents",
"more people injured in accidents than those who are constantly ill"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Father's Day may be over in the United States, but animal dads are still hard at work. From penguins to catfish , some animal fathers play a big part in raising their babies. "Seahorses are possibly the best example of fathers caring for their young in the animal world," said Heather Masonjones, a biologist at the University of Tampa in Florida. Human mothers carry their babies in their bodies for nine months. But seahorses are different. A female seahorse lays eggs and then puts them in a pouch on a male seahorse's belly , where the eggs stay until they hatch. Male seahorses aren't the only animal dads caring for eggs. The male hardhead catfish carries up to 48 marble- size eggs in his mouth for 60 days! He doesn't eat for the entire time. "You'd think it would be hard for them to give up a meal," said Ed Matheson, a fish expert at the Florida Marine Research Institute. Emperor penguins sit on eggs to hatch them during Antarctica's freezing winter. The males have to gather closely together for warmth and can lose half of their weight in the two months that it takes the baby penguins to hatch. Even mammal dads play a role in raising their young. The male South American marmoset takes care of the baby in place of the mother a few weeks after she gives birth. So next Father's Day, remember the millions of dads hard at work in the animal kingdom! How many kinds of animal dads does this text mention?
|
[
"One.",
"Two.",
"Three.",
"Four."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out , and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they must be unknown in advance You cannot make choices on this matter. You either have science or you don't and if you have it you have to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we don't know enough about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, a clear piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century to be told by any of us how little we know and how strange seems the way ahead . In earlier times, they either pretended to understand how things worked or simply made up stones to give answers. Now that we have begun exploring seriously, we are catching sight of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are sorry. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to he some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't he answered, sooner or later. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, arid pay attention. Which of he following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?
|
[
"They falsely declared to know all about nature.",
"They did not believe in results from scientific observation.",
"They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.",
"They invented false rules to explain things they didn't understand."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and loved the boy very much. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for work so he asked the wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. The mother, preoccupied in the kitchen, totally forgot the matter. The boy saw the bottle and playfully went to the bottle and, fascinated with its color, drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine meant for adults in small dosages . When the child fell down, the mother hurried him to the hospital, where he died. The mother was shocked. She was terrified how to face her husband. When the father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and uttered just four words. The husband just said 'I am with you, Darling'. The husband's totally unexpected reaction is active behavior. The child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if he had taken time to keep the bottle away, this would not have happened. No point in attaching blame. She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was comfort and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her. If everyone can look at life with this kind of viewpoint, there would be much fewer problems in the world. Take off all your envies, unforgiveness, selfishness, and fears and you will find things are actually not as difficult as you think. Sometimes we spend time asking who is responsible or whom to blame, whether in a relationship, in a job or with the people we know. By this way we miss out some warmth in human relationship. The husband's attitude towards his wife can be described as _ .
|
[
"optimistic",
"confident",
"considerate",
"generous"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My father was lame and very short. I was very shy to be seen with my father when I was growing up. When we walked together, he used to put his hand on my arm for balance, and people would stop to watch us. So I didn't like to go out with him. Sometimes my mother left our town to see her sister, and I had to helphim instead of my mother. I didn't say much as we went along. As we started out, he always said, "You can walk fast. And I can keep up with you." We usually walk to the subway, by which he went to work. He went to work though he was sick or it was bad weather. He almost never missed a day, and could get to the office on time even if others could not. When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk even with other person's help. At such times my sister or I would pull him across the streets on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance. When I think of it now, I am surprised how much courage he had to make his way to the office. I never heard my father _ it. Now he has been gone many years, but I think of him often. I really want to tell him how sorry I feel for it and how deeply I love him. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"the writer misses his father deeply",
"the writer is always ready to help his father",
"the writer has a happy family now",
"the writer's father works harder than before"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a husband accuses his wife of missing the bigger picture or the wife says her husband has no eye for detail,there may be more than an element of truth to it. Scientists have shown that men are better at dealing with distant targets,while women are good at shortrange focusing. The finding reflects the way men and women's brains evolved thousands of years ago. Hunters,usually the men,needed the ability to find targets in far places. Women,on the other hand,had to _ searching the area immediately within reach for fruits,nuts,berries and roots. Researchers asked 48 men and women to mark the midpoint of lines on a piece of paper with a laser pointer. Men were more accurate than women when the target was placed at a distance of 100cm or out of reach. When the paper was only 50cm away--within hands' reach--the women did a much better job. Psychologist Helen Stancey,from Hammersmith and West London College,said,"Evidence already exists that separate pathways in the brain process visual information from near and far space. Our results suggest that the near pathways is favored in women and the far pathway is favored in men. "The findings are published online in the British Journal of Psychology. In a second study,volunteers were asked to carry out the same tasks by using a stick. This time women were much better than men at judging both distances. The finding suggests that the stick provides a focal point to help the brain to process distant information as if it is in the near space. In the second study, _ .
|
[
"men were proved to be good at dealing with distant targets",
"women were proved to be poor at dealing with distant targets",
"volunteers were asked to mark the midpoint of lines using a laser pointer",
"women did much better than men in judging both short and long distances."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
carving a piece of wood
mixing sand and gravel
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Anne and Joseph are talking about an interesting question. Why do some people change their names? There can be many reasons. Hanna changed her name to Anne because she thought it would be easier for people to remember. On the other hand, Joseph is thinking about changing his name to an unusual name because he wants to be different. People have a lot of reasons for changing their names. Film stars, singers, sportsmen and some other famous people often change their names because they want names that are not ordinary, or that have special sound. They chose the "new name" for themselves instead of the name their parents gave them when they were born. Some people have another reason for changing their names. They have moved to a new country and want to use a name that is usual there. For example, Li Kaiming changed his name to Ken Lee when he moved to the United States. He uses the name Ken at his job and at school. But with his family and Chinese friends, he uses Li Kaiming. For some people, using different names makes life easier in their new country. In many countries, a woman changes her family name to her husband's after she gets married. But today, many women are keeping their own family name and not using their husband's. Sometimes, women use their own name in some situations and their husband's in other situations. And some use both their own name and their husband's. Hanna changes her name to Anne because "Anne" is _ for people to remember.
|
[
"louder",
"easier",
"prettier",
"harder"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
All over the world, libraries have begun the Herculean task of making faithful digital copies of the books, images and recordings that preserve the intellectual effort of mankind. For armchair scholars, the work promises to bring such a wealth of information to desktop that the present Internet may not match. Librarians see three clear benefits to going digital. First, it helps them preserve rare and fragile objects without refusing the demands of those who wish to study them. The British Library, for example, holds the only medieval manuscript of Beowulf in London. Only qualified scholars were allowed to see it until Kevin S. Kiernan of the University of Kentucky scanned the Manuscript with three different light sources and put the images up on the Internet for anyone to use. A second benefit is convenience. Once books are changed to digital form, readers can find them in seconds rather than minutes. Several people can read the same book or view the same picture at the same time. Clerks are spared the chore of reshelving. And libraries could use the Internet to lend their collections to those who are unable to visit in person. The third advantage of electronic copies is that they occupy millimeters of space on a magnetic disk rather than meters on a shelf. The cost of library buildings is increasingly high. The University of California at Berkeley recently spent $ 46 million on an underground addition to house 1.5 million books----an average cost of $30 per volume. The price of disk storage, on the contrary, has fallen to about $ 2 per 300-page publication and continues to drop. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as benefits of going digital?
|
[
"Fewer staff will be required in libraries.",
"Libraries will be able to move underground.",
"Borrowers need not go to the library building.",
"Old manuscripts can be moved more easily."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you know the following fact, you'll understand why many people suffer from foot problems. The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the Earth in a lifetime. That is enormous wear and tear on the 26 bones, 33 joints and more than 100 muscles that make up the foot. In a recent survey for the American Podiatric Medical Association, 53 percent of respondents reported foot pain so severe that it affected their daily function. On average, people develop pain in their 60s, but it can start as early as the 20s and 30s. And usually women give care to their feet while men don't. "A lot of people think foot pain is part of the aging process and accept it, and walk with pain," said Dr Andrew Shapiro. Though some foot problems are inevitable, their progress can be slowed. The following questions will help you assess whether you should take more preventive action as you age. Do you have flat feet or high arches ? Either puts feet at risk. Shoes that support the arch and heel can help flat feet. People with high arches should look for roomy shoes and softer padding to absorb the shock. Proper exercises also strengthen muscles, supporting the foot. Do your shoes fit? In the survey, more than 34 percent of men said they could not remember the last time their feet were measured. 20 percent of women said that once a week they wore shoes that hurt, and 8 percent wore painful shoes daily. Feet flatten and lengthen with age, so if you still stick to the shoe size you wore at the age of 21, get your feet measured. Do you walk? Putting more mileage on your feet is the best way to exercise the muscles and keep them healthy. What do we know from the passage?
|
[
"The number of men and women who have foot problems is similar.",
"Walking as little as possible can protect your feet from pain.",
"More than half of the respondents have serious foot problems.",
"53% of people develop foot pain in their 60s."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal that has a backbone.
|
[
"weaver ant",
"common toad"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Years ago, as we know, zoos kept animals in cages. Cages made it easy for visitors to see the animals, but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in. Today animals live in open areas. There are usually plants and a little lake around, like the animals' habitats. Visitors usually stay in the bus to see the animals outside. Zoos help to protect all kinds of animals. They protect animals in the zoo as well as animals in the wild. How do they do this? Zoos tell people how animals live in the wild and how to help protect their environment. The number of many kinds of plants and animals is becoming smaller and smaller. Mammoths, which are related with Asia elephants, are now extinct(.Scientists say that 74 different kinds of living things are disappearing a day! Zoos are working together to help animals-our friends. A mammoth is a kind of _ that has gone extinct.
|
[
"plant",
"bird",
"animal",
"tree"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I opened my e-mail the other day,a pretty woman named Rachel appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and started talking with great enthusiasm.Every now and then she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.She was reading to me an e-mail from my brother,and a lot of it was about his getting the phone company to give him a highspeed Internet connection.It was pretty cool. Rachel was there thanks to a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets you send an email that gets ready to the receiver by an attractive male or female form or by a clown .The software,which is free,can be downloaded at www.Facemail.com. Facemail faces are lifelike,and they simulate emotions based on emotions that you put in your text.For example,type in X,and Rachel will blow a kiss. LifeFX,the company that develops the Facemail,is sure there are broad business uses.The reason ebusiness is not popular,the company says,is that buying over the Internet lacks the human touch.But what if you went to the Nike website and Michael Jordan greeted you by name,waited for you and personally closed the sale?And it is talking with Whirlpool about using the technology in a computer screen on a fridge.Then if Mom can't be home when the kids get back from school,she can leave a note with voice and image telling them what there is to eat. Facemail could get hot fast.Personally,I'm a fan.But Facemail should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at first.But if you select the clown,put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions,you've got a Psychomail . The main advantage of Facemail is that _ .
|
[
"you can hire a beautiful woman to read the e-mail to you",
"you can see the person who sends you the e-mail",
"you can send an e-mail free of charge",
"e-mail can be attractive in a more lovely way"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Humans have launched themselves into the outer space. They've landed on the moon. They've built habitable space stations that orbit the Earth. The next giant leap for mankind is to reach another planet - specifically, Mars. The problem is that it's no easy task. The planet is 586 times further away from the Earth than the moon, and it'll take around 180 to 220 days to reach Mars, depending on where each planet is in its orbit. Such long periods in space have suggested many potential health problems, including hormonal changes, skin conditions, and muscle and bone deterioration . Here's where some furry friends come in. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats, and dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could _ the extreme g-force of a rocket launch. Mice continue to play a very important part in space experiments, mainly because the animals make excellent test subjects. They're small, which makes them inexpensive and easy to care for. In addition, their size and short life span make it possible to do the equivalent of several human years of tests in a much shorter time. Finally, because mice are mammals, they share many common characteristics with humans in terms of genetics, biology and behavior. Astromice have hit the headlines recently, as a team of scientists led by Betty Nusgens, professor of biology at the University of Liege in Belgium, found that the mice suffered a 15 percent thinning of their skin after 91 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This experiment was part of a wider NASA mission called the Mice Drawer System (MDS). The Italian Space Agency developed the facility, which allows six mice to be housed, monitored, and automatically fed and watered aboard the ISS, among which three survived during the mission. The mice have participated in 20 separate experiments, to study such effects as osteoporosis , anemia and heart health. Results for the 20 experiments are coming in gradually. But it's clear that mice continue to play an important role in the ongoing quest to conquer the final frontier. According to Betty Nusgens and her team, the mice aboard the ISS _ .
|
[
"suffered the loss of part of their skin",
"all survived for the duration of the mission",
"were fed and watered by the astronauts",
"participated in 20 experiments that made great breakthroughs"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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