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Boom boom!( I'm here, come to me!) Krak krak!( Watch out, aleopard !) Hok hok hok!( Hey, crowned eagle!) Very good -- you've already mastered half the basic vocabulary of the Campbell's monkey, which lives in the forests of the Tai National Park in Ivory Coast. The adult males have six types of call, each with a specific meaning, but they can mix two or more calls together into a message with a different meaning. Having spent months recording the monkeys' calls in response to both natural and artificialstimuli , a group led by Klaus Zuberbuhler of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland argues that the Campbell's monkeys have a certain form ofsyntax . This is likely to be controversial because despite great effort to teachchimpanzees language, they showed little or no ability to combine the sounds they learned into a sentence with a larger meaning. Syntax, basic to the structure of language, uniquely belongs to humans. "Krak" is a call that warns of leopards in the neighborhood. The monkeys give it in response to real leopards and to leopard shouting broadcast by the researchers. The monkeys can vary the call by adding "-oo": "Krak-oo" seems to be a general word for hunter, but one given in a special context - when monkeys hear but don't see a hunter, or when they hear the alarm calls of another species. The "boom-boom" call invites other monkeys to come toward the male making the sound. Two booms can be combined with a series of "krak-oos", with a meaning entirely different to that of either of its single parts. "Boom boom krak-oo krak-oo krak-oo" is the monkey's version of "Timber!" - it warns of falling trees. If Zuberbuhler is correct, the Campbell's monkeys can both vary the meaning of specific calls by adding something and combine calls to make a different meaning. If the Campbell's monkeys hear a lion's shouting, they will call " _ ".
|
[
"Krak",
"Boom",
"Boom boom krak-oo krak-oo krak-oo",
"Krak-oo"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
mixing lettuce and salad dressing
water vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Just as some people think that certain numbers are lucky or unlucky, others believe that we can use numbers to understand our personalities, or predict what will happen to us in the future. Numerology is a way of using numbers to describe a person's character, and to make predictions about future life events. Numerologists use the numbers 1-9, 11 and 22 -- also known as the "master" numbers -- to help a person understand his or her personality, life goals, and destiny. Numerologists consider yourLife Path number to be the most significant because this number describes your character. To find this number, add together all the numbers in your date of birth. For example, a person born on April 25, 1985 would add the month (4), to the numbers of the date (2+5), plus the numbers of the birth year (1+9+8+5). In this case the total is 34, so this person's life path number is 7(3+4). Numerologists believe that people with this number are peaceful and affectionate but can also be very reserved. Your Expression numberdescribes your talents and predicts how you should use these to fulfill your destiny in life. Numerologists assign a number between 1 and 9 to each of the letters in your name. These numbers are then added together in the same way as before to find your Expression number. Numerologists can also do calculations to predict when the most challenging periods of your life will be. Numerologists also believe that the day a person is born is important. Each day of the month has a character description. People born on the fourth are said to be responsible, honest, and stubborn. People born on the fifteenth have very strong attachments to family and home. Those who celebrate their birthday on the thirtieth are artistic, creative, and imaginative, and often make good writers. If we calculate the numerical value of our name and birth date, numerologists believe that we can learn more about our personalities. They also believe that we can predict our destinies, how our lives will progress, and what challenges we may face along the way. To the numerologist, numbers can be used in many more ways than we think. According to the passage, numerologists believe that _ .
|
[
"Life Path number can be used to predict a person's most challenging life periods",
"Expression number is the most meaningful for people to learn a person's character",
"numbers can help people better understand themselves",
"numbers can be used to change a person's future"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some animals, such as squirrels, may bury acorns. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the acorns after they have been buried?
|
[
"The acorns will be carried away by the wind.",
"The acorns will attach to another organism.",
"The acorns will have a chance to sprout.",
"The acorns will turn into fossils."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The mountain chorus frog is an endangered species in Maryland. In addition to the loss of habitat, what most likely caused this frog population to decline?
|
[
"an increase in a food source",
"more frog breeding grounds",
"native wetlands preservation",
"poisons dissolved in the water"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone wants to be healthy. Then do you know how to keep in good health? You may say, "Having a balanced diet and doing exercise can help us." I agree with you. _ 1 In fact, good sleep is also very important. Lots of people in the world have sleep problems. They can't sleep well at night. _ They are unhappy and stressed out. Then they may have some other health problems. _ 2 _ How can people sleep well at night? Here are some good ideas. _ 3 _ * Sleep in a quiet room. * Do some exercise before going to bed. It'll make you sleepy . * Wash your feet in warm water before you go to bed. * Have a glass of milk. It's pretty good for sleeping. * Don't think about boring things. _ 4Try to be relaxed. We can put "For example, heart disease and headaches." in _ .
|
[
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Far from the land of Antarctica , a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod. For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer. Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point. The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88degC and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05degC. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture. The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in the blood of a fish. When _ was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point. Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a _ . So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP. What is the text mainly about?
|
[
"The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.",
"A special fish living in freezing waters.",
"The ice shelf around Antarctica.",
"Protection of the Antarctic cod."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a mouse is running in a field with a fence that will provide a shock to those that touch it, and the mouse tries to climb up it, it will most likely
|
[
"keep doing it",
"try it again",
"be fatally injured",
"enjoy the feeling"
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientist Florence Wambugu works with farmers in Kenya, a country in East Africa. She helps them grow bigger and better crops. Wambugu is especially interested in finding simple ways to produce more food. In the past ten years, Wambugu has spent much of her time studying sweet potatoes, which are an important food in her part of Kenya. A virus kept attacking the plants. It stopped the sweet potatoes from growing well. Because of the virus, some farmers lost three quarters of their crops. Wambugu went to war against the virus. Her research for a way to save the sweet potatoes led to a lab in St. Louis, Missouri. The lab mainly works on genes , the chemical "computer programs" found in the cells of living things. Genes tell a plant to produce pink flowers or an animal to grow black hair. Now scientists have found ways to move genes from one living thing to another. That process is called genetic engineering. Wambugu spent three years in the lab. As a result, she created a sweet potato plant that could fight off the virus. Wambugu tested her research in Kenya, and her plants produced wonderful sweet potatoes. That's just the beginning, Wambugu believes. Genetically modified foods, she thinks, could help farmers in poor countries grow badly needed crops, thus, fewer people will go hungry. What is Wambugu's attitude toward "genetic engineering"?
|
[
"It will help more hungry people.",
"It should be carefully used.",
"It has more disadvantages than disadvantages.",
"It is a too expensive technology at present."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
making paper from wood
roasting a marshmallow over a campfire
|
[
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women's Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health. The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman's personality eight years after gathering the information. The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other woman to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30 less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years, Hilary Tinkle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life. The researchers also gathered information about people's education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period. Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile , or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer. The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely mot to exercise. Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person's physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research. Researchers carry out the study to _ .
|
[
"decide who is more likely to enjoy a happier life.",
"gather information for the National Institutes of Health.",
"find out the link between personality and health.",
"compare each woman's personality changes."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scurvy is a disease that sailors often got on long voyages. It was discovered that scurvy could be prevented by eating oranges and lemons. This suggests that scurvy is a disease caused by
|
[
"exposure to sea air",
"a nutritional deficiency",
"a microorganism",
"lack of exercise"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy, well, almost everything. The problem is that the people in Jean's family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely. So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous , talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often. Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself. He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other. When Jean's father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their own rock singer. But when she knocked on David's door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim. Jean thought "David" was special because he _ .
|
[
"made her quite happy on QQ",
"was from San Francisco",
"sent her a picture of himself",
"was tall and good-looking"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In today's world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people's health. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and this is harmful to people's health, too. People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf today. However, scientists believe that 10 percent of workers in Britain are being deafened by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old persons, for these young people like to listen to pop music and pop music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise produced by jet planes or machines will make people ill or even drive them mad. It is said a continuous noise of over 85 decibels can cause deafness. Now the government in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels. In China, the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise problems. According to the text, a continuous noise of _ decibels can make people deaf.
|
[
"less than 85",
"less than 65",
"about 65",
"more than 85"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How much pocket money do you get from your parents every month? Maybe 200 yuan? But for Li Beibei, 30 yuan each month is enough. The only thing she buys is lunch--1.5 yuan each day. "Meat is too expensive for me," said Li. Li, 14, is a Junior 1 student at Beijing's Xingzhi Experimental School. Her parents are migrant workers . They came to Beijing from a village in Luohe, He'nan two years ago. Her father now works as a cleaner and gets 500 yuan every month. Her mother has no job. Li Beibei has 460 friends at Xingzhi. Every day, Li gets up at 5:30 am and rides her bike for 20 minutes to get to school. Like many teens, Li has a lot of homework--usually at least one hour every day. But that is not all her work. During the weekdays she helps her mum cook. On weekends, she helps wash clothes. "I could cook when I was eight. Dad said sometimes I cook better than Mum!" Li said she wanted to be a doctor. "I watch TV and find out there are many people with AIDS in He'nan. Some are kids. They need help," said Li. But she is afraid to leave school. "I hope I will always be in school," said Li. "Dad works hard to get money. I promise him I will study hard to be a good student and a good doctor in the future." Which of the following sentences is TRUE? _ .
|
[
"The girl's parents are both cleaners",
"Her parents gave her 30 yuan to buy books",
"The girl often helps her mother do some housework",
"She studies hardest in her class"
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every vehicle needs tires, but eventually they wear out. Roads wear out too, and they often need repairing. But new research by a pair of teens suggests the rubber from worn-out tires could lengthen the lifetime of asphalt pavement. Also roads made with this material might need fewer patches . The young researchers presented their findings in May, 2014, as finalists at the International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). The 64th annual Intel ISEF shows some of the best high school science projects from around the globe. Many roads are made with asphalt, which requires much petroleum. But Jordan is a country that has very few oil wells or other sources of petroleum, notes Mohammad Salameh, who is a 10th-grader at the International School in Amman, Jordan. For Jordan, having to import most of the country's petroleum adds greatly to its cost, the teen notes. The extra expense means that there's less money to build and maintain roads. That has resulted in poorer quality roads. As a result, those roads need to be patched almost constantly. Therefore, 16-year-old Mohammad and his research partner, 15-year-old classmate Adam Belaid, came up with the idea of adding rubber to asphalt. But that rubber can come from old tires. Even a worn-out tire contains much rubber, which means the material should be plentiful, says Mohammad. Drivers in Jordan replaced 9 million tons of tires between 2006 and 2010, and only 0.3% of that rubber was recycled. That leaves much rubber that could possibly go into road construction. But first the teens had to show adding rubber to asphalt resulted in better roads. To test their idea, they created several different asphalt-rubber recipes. They also tried out different temperatures at which the mix was heated. And their tests suggested that when the surfacing material includes 8% rubber, it should hold up for 10 to 15 years of traffic instead of the normal 5 years. And their recipe should reduce the need for patching worn areas from once a year, to maybe once every 5~7 years in the future. What made the two teenagers think of carrying out the research?
|
[
"Frequent road repairs in Jordan.",
"Their interest in recycling old tires.",
"The slowdown in the Jordanian economy.",
"Their desire to replace petroleum with something."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every year, thousands of new high school graduates pack their bags, move to new cities, and sign papers accepting loans, the money borrowed from a bank or lenders etc, which they might not be able to pay back. Without proper education on personal finance, especially as it relates to paying for college, young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation. In order to set students up to succeed financially, it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is to require that every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation. This will help smooth the transition into adulthood. The average student takes out at least one loan to cover the costs of their education each year. In 2014 the average student graduating from college carried a negative balance of about $20,000 in debt, which often spread over multiple lenders. Upon graduation, students rarely know exactly how much money they owe, and even though they are in the state of being unable to pay their debts, they cannot wipe out student loans. These students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts. A personal finance course would teach students how to manage their income and expenditures, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into adulthood. By teaching students how to save money and live within their means, this course will provide the next generation with a foundation to progress financially. Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education for these very reasons. With education on how to manage their finances, all young people will have the knowledge to make healthy decisions, leading them to improve good credit and purchase needed items like cars and homes with skill and confidence. While not every young person makes financial mistakes, those who do can face years of difficulty trying to get their finances back under control. Rather than help them through these hard times when they happen, we should try to prevent them from happening at all. Making the completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of preserving a financial stability. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .
|
[
"inform and explain",
"argue and persuade",
"analyze and evaluate",
"discuss and examine"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An item that might have more tightly packed matter is
|
[
"helium",
"gold",
"orange juice",
"wood"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Harriet wants to know the area of a rectangular sheet of paper. Its size is unknown to her. Which one of these will be the only tool that she needs?
|
[
"a ruler",
"a compass",
"a calculator",
"a protractor"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Parents genes will determine the rabbits
|
[
"mate",
"food preferences",
"fur color",
"habitat location"
] | 2C
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When we hear of dangerous diseases, cancer and heart disease are often what first comes to mind. Recently, a virus called Ebola has reappeared in Guinea (a country in West Africa), killing 62 people so far. It leads to viral hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by high fever and internal bleeding etc, Ebola can kill 90% of those infected, especially in underdeveloped societies like those in Africa. Ebola is named after the Ebola River, where it was first discovered in 1976. There are five different types of the Ebola virus, each named after where they first happened: Sudan, Ivory Coast, Restoon, Bundibugyo, and Zaire. The deadliest of the five, Zaire, was responsible for the 2012 outbreak, and is believed to be attacking Guinea. Ebola is naturally found in fruit bats , which pass on the virus to other animals by biting or sucking on their blood. Humans who are suffering from the Ebola infection might have touched the bodily fluids of the infected animals. Once infected, a human becomes a carrier of the deadly virus. Since we live in an interconnected world, where the situation in one country can affect us all, the influences of Ebola are huge: damaging trade relations, affecting foreign visitors, and weakening entire countries. Already the Guinea virus is spreading fast with a few cases spotted in Conakry -- the capital of Guinea, far away from the origin of the virus. It is feared that the disease may have already reached neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone, too. Unfortunately, there are no disease-specific treatments for Ebola. Healthcare workers only supply the infected people with water to keep them in good condition. Since there have been many cases of nurses catching the disease from patients, they are forced to wear strict protective clothes, and in some cases, not even allowed to get close to the affected. The fact that there is no cure for the Ebola virus is what makes the outbreak a challenging one to control. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
|
[
"Ebola is a highly infectious virus.",
"Ebola is now very common in Guinea.",
"Those with a fever must be infected by Ebola.",
"Females are more easily to be infected by Ebola."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all know that food gives us energy, but sometimes it can make us much happier when we feel bad. Studies show that foods such as sea fish, bananas, pumpkins and chicken can help fight against bad moods. How can they affect our moods? Studies show that people living by the sea appear much happier than other people, because the fresh sea air helps them clear their minds and they eat a lot of sea fish. Bananas have something that is full of Vitamin B6. Having more bananas can help us make a quick decision, and become more confident. Eating pumpkins can also help people get into a good mood because it's rich in Vitamin B6 and iron and it will make us happier. Are you in a bad mood? If you are , don't sit alone. Go to eat such happy food with your friends. Maybe you'll be better. Why do people living by the sea look happier?
|
[
"Because they have fresh air and eat sea fish.",
"Because they can often swim in the sea.",
"Because they often go boating.",
"Because they drink sea water."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to pre-school children. But a new study suggests that calling attention to the words and letters on the page may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read in this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later. Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most pre-school teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read story-books in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text. "If you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling." But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way. More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms. They came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. For thirty weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR--- Sit Together and Read. The project is based at Ohio State. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to pre-school children in their classrooms. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word and discuss the meaning of the print or how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print--- for instance, showing how words are written left to right in English. Which section of a magazine does the passage probably come from?
|
[
"Fashion.",
"Economy .",
"Entertainment.",
"Education."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tales From Animal Hospital David Grant David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital . Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated ,including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess , the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond . He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day , from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery . Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet ,whether it be cat , dog or snake I ! $ 14.99 Hardback 272 pp Simon Schuster ISBN 0751304417 Isaac Newton : The Last Sorcerer Michael White Form the author of Stephen Hawking : A Life in Science , comes this colorful description of the life of the world's first modern scientist . Interesting yet based on fact , Michael White's learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him . Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. PS8.99 Hardback 320 pp Fourth Estate ISBN 1857024168 Fermat's Last Theorem Simon Singh In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world's greatest mathematical problem : Fermat's Last Theorem . First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had _ and beaten the finest mathematical minds , including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem , and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique . Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995 . An unusual story of human effort over three centuries , Fermat's Last Theorem will delight specialists and general readers alike . PS12.99 Hardback 384 pp Fourth Estate ISBN 1857025210 What is Animal Hospital ?
|
[
"A news story .",
"A popular book .",
"A research report .",
"A TV program ."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline, a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women start noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight. Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig weight management program said, 'In the UK 61.4 percent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.' The "Food, Body, Mind" report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they were currently on a diet and one in five women said they were on a continuous diet. It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their reflection in the mirror, preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half. However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers' polishing off their children's leftovers was another common cause of weight gain. Which of the following might be the best title for this article?
|
[
"Diet: a tricky path to weight loss",
"Important things for successful diet",
"Four in ten women gain weight on diets",
"Obesity: problem for 61.4% adults in UK"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good. However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor about 6 million years ago. People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment,a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick,but he couldn't reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage,and it could reach the stick if it wanted to. Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn't met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What's more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help. Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don't give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous. A new study in Germany suggests that _ .
|
[
"people also share information for good reason",
"children know something at the age of 18 months",
"chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too",
"humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Air is made up of many gases. Which gas is found in the greatest amount?
|
[
"Nitrogen",
"Oxygen",
"Carbon dioxide",
"Hydrogen"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some time ago I received a gift from both of my children. It had nothing to do with Father's Day. Yet, at the same time it had everything to do with Father's Day. My son was studying in a high school in Colorado. He lived in the school. While we were talking on the phone he shared some wonderful news with me. He said, "You know Dad, I am really happy with my life. I can't think of a thing that I would change about the way that I grew up, or the way that my life is now. " My daughter was living with her mother in Northern California at that time. She said almost the same thing to me just a few days later. Of course, I was delighted to hear this from both of them. And I told them both how happy I was, not only that they were happy ,but that they expressed it to me. And that was the gift that they were giving me ---with the heart to communicate. Certainly I hope for good news when I hear from them. But mostly I love that they will share their real feelings with me. Happy or sad, I love to be touched by their real thoughts and feelings. For a child, Father's Day isn't really about giving Dad a gift. It is about understanding the love that fathers express when they help put food on the table, teach their child to ride a bike, cheer at a soccer game, etc. For a father, Father's Day isn't so much about receiving gifts for a job well done. Remember, the greatest gift that we give our children is the real expression of our love. It isn't enough for them to feel love inside ourselves: we need to express that love. What is the main idea of this article?
|
[
"Understanding the love of parents",
"Receiving gifts from children",
"Feeling the love inside",
"Expressing your love to your families"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hey there, So you're about to spend four years of your life and tens of dollars of your parents' money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever stop to wonder why you're going? *Relax. You're making the right decision. First of all, you'll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. For example, it's hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you've never painted any pictures; once you're in a drawing-room on campus, you'll know one way or the other. College is also a lot of fun--after you graduate, you'll be working every weekday for 50 or so years. And remember that college graduate earn about twice the income of those who never attended college. *Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way. *Researching Schools. To us, the most important decision you'll make is to choose the school that really fits you best -- not the one that is the most competitive or has the best-equipped rooms. *Applying to School. On JohnsonReview.com., you'll find hundreds of actual college applications and links to many more. *Raising Your Scores. American College Test is one of the most important parts of the admission course. It's not the most important, though, and everyone needs to prepare for the best. But, if you can do better, find the right course for better scores. *Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college rather than learning the ways to get financial aid. If you really do your research, you'll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost. For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonReview.com.Wherever you go, have a nice trip! Johnson Smith Founder and CEO Johnson Review What does the author advise you to do to pay the high cost college?
|
[
"To ask the family for help.",
"To get to know how to ask for financial aid.",
"To do research on the price of college",
"To make a study of financial courses."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tigers are strong and dangerous animals. But now they are in danger. In the past, there were eight kinds of tigers in the world. But during the 20th century, only five were left. The number of Siberian tigers was about 300, but now it is less than 22. They're in danger of dying out. If the government does nothing, we won't be able to see them in ten to twenty years. In order to stop people from hunting and killing wild tigers, and in order to make wild tigers more, the World Wildlife Fund has started a program recently . China and twelve other countries joined it. However, it's not enough. Remember that nature is a food chain . If we hurt and kill too many wild deer and pigs, wild tigers will die out because of hunger . So the most important thing is to save the animals that tigers eat. In order to protect the wild tigers, we need call on more people to stop eating, hunting and killing wild animals. ,. During the 20th century, _ kinds of wild tigers died out.
|
[
"3",
"5",
"8",
"20"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the gas.
|
[
"marbles",
"air inside a beach ball",
"pipe cleaner",
"baseball cap"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
An example of an electric insulator could be
|
[
"magic",
"orange juice",
"tupperware",
"milk"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An example of an electrical conductor could be
|
[
"wood",
"ice",
"coin",
"rubber"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The oldest and most common source of renewaBle energy known to man, Biomass is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of Biomass materials is everywhere ---- from trees and grasses to agricultural and city ---- life wastes ----Biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), Biomass is a kind of renewaBle energy source that produces no carBon dioxide , Because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is Burned, it gives off the sun's energy. In this way, Biomass serves as a sort of natural Battery for storing the sun's energy. As long as Biomass is produced continuously ----with only as much grown as is used--- the "Battery" lasts forever. According to the Energy Information Administration, Biomass has Been one of the leading renewaBle energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up Between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation's total electricity supply. In 2008----although the numBers aren't all in yet----wind power proBaBly took over first place Because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country. Producing power from Biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carBon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat By using Biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowner's money, But it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the Best way is to encourage power plants to use it. We learn from the text that in 2008 _ .
|
[
"Wind power would Be the leader of renewaBle energy.",
"there was a rapid growth of electricity production",
"Biomass might Become the main energy source",
"0.5~0.9 of power supply came from Biomass"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Cupcake's phenotype for the eye color trait?
|
[
"brown eyes",
"red eyes"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Astronomers say they are on the point of finding planets like Earth orbiting other stars, which is a key step in determining if we are alone in the universe. A top NASA official and other leading scientists say that within four or five years they should discover the first Earth-like planet where life could develop, or may have already. A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year. At the annual American Astronomical Society conference this week, each discovery involving so-called "exoplanets" --those outside our solar system -- pointed to the same conclusion:Quiet planets like Earth where life could develop probably are plentiful. NASA's Dew Kepler telescope and a lot of new research from the suddenly hot and competitive exoplanet field caused noticeable buzz at the meeting.Scientists are talking about being at "an incredible special place in history" and closer to answering the question. "Are we alone? For the first time, there's an optimism that sometime in our lifetimes we're going to _ that," said Simon Worden,an astronomer who heads NASA's Ames Research Center. "If I were a betting man, which I am, I would bet we're not alone." "These are big questions that reflect upon the meaning of the human race in the universe," the director of the Vatican Observatory, the Rev. Jose Funes, said Wednesday in an interview at this week's conference. Worden told The Associated Press: "I would certainly expect in the next four or five years we'd have an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone." From the passage we can learn that _ .
|
[
"an Earth-like planet has been found",
"it's been proved we are not alone in the universe",
"Jose Funes has found the meaning of the human race in the universe",
"the discovery of an Earth-like planet could happen in the near future"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these naturalists synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin?
|
[
"Charles Lyell",
"Gregor Mendel",
"Alfred Wallace",
"John Henslow"
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu
|
Complete the statement.
Fluorine is ().
|
[
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some animals are very rare. For example, there are very few Siberian tigers. If the only Siberian tigers left are female, what will most likely happen?
|
[
"The females will find another type of male animal to mate with and produce more Siberian tigers.",
"The females will mate with each other and produce more Siberian tigers.",
"The females will only be able to produce female Siberian tigers.",
"The females will not be able to produce more Siberian tigers, and they will die out."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
An alien creature is found on earth. Researchers discover that it will eat worms, insects and small rodents, but shuns bananas, leaves and cucumbers. Which of these could be true?
|
[
"the creature is a carnivore",
"the creature is a vegan",
"the creature is something other than an omnivore",
"the creature loves to eat cucumbers"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Stars are often classified by their apparent brightness in the nighttime sky. Stars can also be classified in many other ways. Which of these is least useful in classifying stars?
|
[
"visible color",
"composition",
"surface texture",
"temperature"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a long-distance running race?
|
[
"9 miles",
"9 feet",
"9 inches",
"9 yards"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Doctor are known to Be terriBle pilots. They don't listen Because they already know it all. I was lucky: Became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years Before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, But Becoming a pilot makes me a Better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew Bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned aBout crew resource management , or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew memBers should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read aBout CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in Bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so Busy Because of the Bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear down. He was a Better pilot - and my Boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from " ". What dose the author say aBout doctors in general?
|
[
"They like flying By themselves.",
"They are unwilling to take advice.",
"They pretend to Be good pilots.",
"They are quick learners of CRM."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Warning: reading too much Cinderella to your daughter may damage her emotional health in later life. A paper to be developed at the international congress of cognitive psychotherapy in Gothenburg suggests a link between the attitudes of women abused by their parents and early exposure to the wrong sort of fairy tales. It says girls who identified with Cinderella, Rapunzel and Beauty in Beauty and the Beast were more likely to stay in destructive relationships as adults. The theory was developed by Susan Darker Smith, a psychotherapist at the University of Derby. She interviewed 67 female abuse survivors and found that 61 put up with severe abuse because they believed they could change their partners with patience, composition and love. The same view was taken by male survivors who had been abused as children. Hardly any of the women in a control group, who had not experienced abuse, thought they could change their partners in this way. The same view was taken by male survivors who had been abused as children. These women and men said they would leave a relationship rather than put up with abuse from a partner. Ms Darker Smith found the abused women were much more likely to identify with Cinderella and other _ female characters in fairytales, who were later rescued by a stranger prince or hero. Although most girls heard the stories, damage appeared to be done to those who adopted the characters as role models. "They believe if their love is strong enough they can change their parents' behaviors," she said." Overexposure in children to stories that emphasize the transformational qualities of love may make women believe they can change their partners." For example, they might never have understood the obvious flaw in the story of Rapunzel, who remained locked in a high tower until rescued by a knight on a white horse, who broke the door down. "The question," said Ms Darker Smith, "is why she did not break the door down herself." The passage is especially intended for _ .
|
[
"parents with young daughters",
"girls who like reading fairy stories",
"girls who think they can change their partners",
"parents with grown-up daughters"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Krypton is ().
|
[
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Lettuce feeds rabbits by creating food with
|
[
"hamburgers",
"help from friends",
"chloroplasts",
"ordering out"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What does pencil lead contain?
|
[
"aluminum",
"stable carbon",
"sunlight",
"mineral water"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia , that is the loss of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias. A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's, the most common form of mental decline . 391 of the _ spoke two or more languages. Researchers found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who spoke two languages compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia. Thomas Bak, from the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, who helped to organize the study, suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions. He also believes this effort improves what scientists called executive functioning, which often weakens in people with dementias. He states that researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages. Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn another language at a young age or later in life. It's not something that "you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby." It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult. The finding of the study is that _ .
|
[
"learning more than one language can cure dementias",
"speaking two languages may delay kinds of dementias",
"the level of education matters in defending against dementias",
"people who suffer from dementias will lose mental ability"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Characteristics that are inherited are unnaturally changeable. Which one of these is inherited?
|
[
"how much you drink",
"How much you eat",
"How short you are",
"how much you weigh"
] | 2C
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
migration is when animals travel from the north to Texas during what segment of time?
|
[
"beach area",
"spring",
"winter",
"birds"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary., and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as "What do I already know about this topic?" and "What do I want to know?" In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R's) is to read to find the answers to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite ( the second of the 3 R's) the answers to the questions that formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed step 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R's) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea. The SQ3R method consists of steps _ .
|
[
"three",
"four",
"five",
"seven"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you a saver or a spender? "A penny saved is a penny earned." This old saying calls attention to the wisdom of saving money. " _ " is another way to talk about saving for the future. People who hate to spend money are known as "tightwads," while those who like to get the most value for their money are called "thrifty." A thrifty person is different from a "spendthrift." A spendthrift is someone who spends wastefully. People like that are often said to spend money "like a drunken sailor" or "like there's no tomorrow." In the United States, people who want to start a savings account have different choices of where to put their money. These include banks and credit unions. Credit unions are cooperatives for people who have some kind of connection. For example, the members might work for a university or a government agency. Most credit unions are nonprofit organizations. Credit unions, banks and other financial institutions pay interest on savings accounts. But the interest rates are low. Certificates of deposit pay higher returns. With a certificate of deposit, or CD, a person agrees not to withdraw the money for a certain period of time. This term could be anywhere from a few months to several years. Longer terms, and larger amounts, pay higher interest. People can withdraw their money early but they have to pay a fine. In a number of countries, people have been saving less over the years. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is a group of thirty-four countries. The OECD says in 1990, Americans had a household savings rate of seven percent. This year, that rate is expected to be a little more than four percent and many European countries have higher rates like the UK and France , but Americans save more than families in countries like Japan and South Korea. If you have $10,000, which of the following may help you get higher interest ?
|
[
"Choose certificates of deposit for one year.",
"Put the money in banks for one year.",
"Put the money in credit unions for one year.",
"Choose certificates of deposit for one year but withdraw the money ahead of time."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How do you get a man to do his share of the housework? If you are like most women, you've faced this question the hard way. A man will enjoy a clean, orderly house, but he usually won't make the effort to clean or organise it. This doesn't mean that a woman has to do all the housework:; she may have to manage many of the household duties, and request her partner's participation . A woman can often say that men and women should take equal responsibility for housework. Very few men are raised to be fully responsible for housework, and many men look on housework as women's work. On the other hand, most men will readily work around the yard, make repairs and complete projects on weekends or evenings, and it's important that you give your man appreciation for those things, too. Most men will take on a little additional housework around the house if asked politely. They are even more likely to do housework if they can choose what they want to do, and do it without being monitored. Here's the key: men want to feel that they are doing housework either because they want to do a task, or because they simply want to please their women. Men are much less likely to take on household tasks they consider uninteresting and unimportant. In other words, men are likely to do a household task just for the good of the house. According to the passage, a man _ .
|
[
"is willing to do housework",
"likes to be told to do housework",
"is taught to be responsible for housework from childhood",
"likes a clean house but doesn't make efforts to clean it"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is it okay to keep exercising when you have a cold? What about the flu? With winter viruses going around, it's important to know how to alter your training if you do catch a germ or two. "The guidelines are pretty easy," says Dr Lorenzo Masci from the Alphington Sports Medicine Clinic. "Anything above the neck --- so if you've got a cold for example, a runny nose or a sore throat --- then you should probably cut down your exercise by half and do 50 percent of what you normally do." "If you've got anything below the neck, like muscle pain, joint pain or fever, you shouldn't really exercise at all until those general symptoms settle down," Lorenzo says. He points out that a cough would also fall into this more serious category. "For example, if anyone comes in with a fever and a runny nose, I'd tell them to stop exercising until the fever and the muscle ache settles. Then they can start their training again at 50 percent once all those symptoms settle, even if they've got a bit of a runny nose or a sore throat." "The reason we tell people to stop exercising is because if you exercise when you're unwell it can make the illness worse and prolong it." There is a second reason Lorenzo advises his patients to stop exercising when they have "below the neck" symptoms. In the event you have an illness which affects your heart, exercise can sometimes actually lead to death. Lorenzo advises to take zinc and vitamin C as a way of preventing colds. But he admits that this is controversial --- some studies have shown that these supplements can improve immune function while other studies have cast doubt on the issue. The good news is that if you exercise regularly, you're likely to improve your immune function. "If you exercise too much, it can predispose you to coughs and sniffles," he points out. This is often the case for excellent athletes who train every day, such as triathletes . "But what we do know is that if you exercise at a moderate level, your immune system improves such that you're probably at a lower risk of developing coughs and colds." How many guidelines does Dr Lorenzo mainly suggest on doing exercises when people catch a cold?
|
[
"One.",
"Two.",
"Three.",
"Four."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In today's class, we'll learn how to send birthday e-cards to friends anywhere in the world without leaving our classroom. I'll show it to you on 123 Greetings, which is one of the most popular e-card websites. Step 1: Surf the Internet and go to 123 Greetings. Click "Happy Birthday" Step 2: Make your e-card. After clicking the card you want, you'll see a menu. Step 3: Add your text in the box. Step 4: Enter your e-mail address. Then enter your friend's e-mail address. Step 5: Click "Send", and your birthday e-card is on its way. What is 123 Greetings?
|
[
"It's a post office which posts birthday cards",
"It's an e-card website which sends birthday e-cards.",
"It's a workshop which teaches how to make e-cards",
"It's a company which produces e-cards"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In a cold winter, a couple had to move out of their big house because fo bankruptcy . The husband worked day and night but with no care of his wife. SO she thought, " He doesn't love me any more , he just thinks about his work." One day, she wanted to take a shower , but her husband stopped her at the door. "Let me take it first, Ok?" "Why not let me take it first?" she asked. "I'm tired, dear. You take it later, OK?" She was very sad. On a rainy day, she found nothing to do and turned on his computer. After a few minutes, her eyes were full of tears....It was his diary: Today I was quite sad. She asked me why I was always taking the shower first, and I said I was tired. She was unhappy. I wasn't as rich as before! We moved to the small house and it was very cold. I found that if one person took the shower first, the bathroom could get a little warmer. So I always rushed to the bathroom first. When she took the shower, the bathroom could get warmer, at least 1degC. i can't give her more, but at least I can give her 1degC love. The woman's eyes were full of tears because _ .
|
[
"she felt sad by here husband's words",
"the rainy day made her sad",
"her eyes were hurt by the computer",
"she was moved by her husband's diary"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The USA, New York--Whales and dolphins are facing increasing threats from climate change, according to a new report published by WWF and the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS). The report "Whales in hot water?" draws attention to the growing impacts of climate change on whales.They range from changes in sea temperature and the freshening of the seawater because of the melting of ice and increased rainfalls, to a sea level rise, loss of icy polar habitats and the _ of krill populations in key areas.Krill, a tiny shrimp that is dependent on sea ice, is the main source of food for many of the great whales. The speeding up of climate change adds greatly to trouble from other human activities, such as chemical and noise pollution, which kills some 1000 whales every day. "Whales and dolphins have an ability to adapt to their changing environment," said Mark Simmonds, International Director of Science at WDCS."But the climate is now changing at such a fast pace that it is unclear to what extent whales and dolphins will be able to adjust." Climate change impacts are currently greatest in the Arctic and the Antarctic.According to the report, cetaceans that rely on polar, icy waters for their home and food resources are likely to be greatly affected by the reduction of sea ice cover. WDCS and WWF are urging governments to cut global production of C02 by at least 50 percent by the middle of this century.The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showed it was possible to stop global warming if the world's emissions start to decline before 2015. Which of the following is not right according to the passage?
|
[
"Climate change will lead to the changes in sea temperature.",
"Climate change will result in the freshening of the sea water.",
"Climate change will have a bad effect on human activities and whales.",
"Human beings will forever have no ability to stop global warming."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sharpening a pencil and tearing paper are examples of physical changes. Which statement describes why these are physical changes?
|
[
"There is a change in how the objects are used.",
"There is a change in the appearance of the objects.",
"There is a change in the materials from which the objects are made.",
"There is a change in both the appearance of the objects and the materials from which they are made."
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student mixed salt and sugar. Which statement describes the physical properties of salt and sugar after they were mixed?
|
[
"The sugar dissolved the salt.",
"The salt and sugar changed color.",
"The sugar and the salt were unchanged.",
"The salt and sugar formed a new material."
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Belle has a scar on her right leg.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If a person wants to watch the eclipse
|
[
"it's best to go sans sunglasses",
"it's best to just use a hand as shade",
"it's best to use eye protection",
"it's best to use a telescope"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Cherry trees can grow white or pink flowers.",
"Howler monkeys eat leaves, fruit, and nuts."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one's life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip. But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn't have breakfast increased by 33%--from 8.8 million to 11.7 million--according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. "Going without breakfast does not affect work," said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, "nor does giving people breakfast improve work." Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. "The literature," says one researcher, Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, "is poor." For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _ .
|
[
"several studies have been done in the past few years",
"the omission of breakfast has little effect on one's work",
"grown-ups have especially made studies in this field",
"eating little in the morning is good for health"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which piece of lab equipment is necessary to determine the mass of 2 teaspoons of sand?
|
[
"glass beaker",
"balance",
"eye dropper",
"graduated cylinder"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating .It's too bad that humans can't hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did. Apparently, at times in the past , peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation . So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio's The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial lighting and the electric bulb. When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as "first sleep", which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours' uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention. In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as "The Watch" It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours . According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder .It is normal . Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning .This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people .The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison , used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas. Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous ,as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn't help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night's continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to Warren's theory,it is really the opposite of what we need. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that _ .
|
[
"people might become lazy as a result of too much sleep",
"there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habits",
"people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather",
"winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some people make you feel comfortable. You can easily spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them your whole life. These people, who can make others feel relaxed, have great people skills and if we observe them we can learn a lot. How do they do it? Here are several ways to put others at ease so you can make friends quickly. First of all, good talkers ask lots of questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he or she is, will answer a question put to him or her. One well-known businesswoman says: "At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a common question, but it will get things going." From there you can move on to other matters - sometimes even to really personal questions. How he or she answers will let you know how far you can go. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems obvious, but it is important to remember that your questions should have a point and help you understand what sort of person you are talking to. In order to find this out, you really have to listen carefully. Real listening means not changing the subject of conversation. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he or she is really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to the words, but also to how the person is speaking. What is their tone of voice? If they sound bored then it might be time for you to change the subject. Finally, good talkers know how to end a conversation. If you're saying goodbye to someone, shake his or her hand and say: "I've really enjoyed meeting you." And if you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let them know, and they will walk away feeling as if they've known you their whole life. To be a good talker, you are advised NOT to _ .
|
[
"ask many common questions",
"change the subject frequently",
"listen to the answers carefully",
"ask any personal questions"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We've all seen them: perfectly toned famous people on late-night television telling us that we too can develop rock-hard abdominal muscles . It's easy! Just pay $149.99 for the Torso Track or $149.75 for the Ad-Doer and watch those unwanted inches leave your waist. Americans spend tens of millions of dollars on various products to firm up their fat around the waist. And did they work? Not necessarily. Independent studies have concluded that most of these products -- no matter who approved them or how expensive they are -- shape your midsection no better than old-fashioned stomach crunches . Some can even cause injury -- like the $518.99 Body Shaper-Q8SP, which left electrical burns on some researchers at the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse. Others, like the popular Ab-Doer, typically burn less energy than a gentle walk, according to a study to be published in September by the American Council on Exercise. The fact is that many Americans don't have the biological makeup to develop an obvious abdominal muscles. They are either unable to get the necessary muscle mass or they can't lose enough fat to make a difference. Even if the underlying muscles are well developed, all it takes to hide it is one-sixteenth of an inch of fat. That's enough to exclude most healthy women as well as plenty of guys who do crunches every day. So what works best? In its new study, the exercise experts researched on the results of the popular Ab-Doer. A lengthy TV advertisement promises that just 10 minutes a day performing such movements as "Body Boogies" and "Good Mornings" will "help form those muscles the fun and easy way without diets." Steven Loy, professor at California State University, Northridge, tested the promise by measuring the electrical activity produced by the abdominal muscles during three Ab-Doer movements. He and his colleagues then compared the results with those produced during traditional exercises. They determined that the muscles were no more active, and in some cases less so, when exercisers were using the Ab-Doer. Taking a broader approach, researchers at San Diego State University compared 13 abdominal exercises for their ability to develop the central abdominal muscles. They concluded, in a report published in May, that the most effective exercises kept turning the body and worked the muscles the entire time. Among the winners: the bicycle movements -- so called because it looks as if you are riding a bike while lying flat on the floor -- and exercises performed on the "Captain's Chair", a product typically found in gyms that helps hold the body in the air while you raise your legs up toward your chest. Researchers suggested that a varied routine of the different exercises could deliver the best results. The author convinces the readers by _ .
|
[
"describing successful cases",
"presenting findings of researches",
"offering comments directly from exercisers",
"comparing advertisements of products"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides?
|
[
"broccoli",
"potatoes",
"cheese",
"fish"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Could smells affect your lifespan? Female fruit flies rid of the ability to smell food outlive their peers.The sense of smell may be linked to the cellular ageing process in many other organisms--even people.A link has recently been found between sensory experiences and lifespan in both worms and flies.For example, Scott Pletcher, a biologist at the University of Michigan, found that eliminating fruit flies' ability to smell enabled them to live nearly 20 percent longer than flies with an intact sense of smell. Pletcher's team reasoned that food smells were the ones most likely to affect ageing, as nutrition and longevity are known to be linked in many organisms.To test the idea that food odors affect lifespan, Pletcher's team eliminated flies' ability to smell carbon dioxide, which is produced by some fly foods.They left the rest of the smelling system intact. This intervention had no effect on male flies, but the females lived 30 percent longer than normal.Pletcher thinks eliminating the ability to smell CO2may deprive flies of information about food availability.This could signal to cells that food is scarce, causing processes that promote survival.Indeed, his team found that the CO2-insensitive female flies stored extra fat and that both males and females immune to CO2were more resistant to stress than normal flies.Pletcher isn't sure why the change in his fruit flies only affected the lifespan of the females, but he suggests that females may simply be more sensitive to the odor of CO2. A smell or taste that stretches lifespan in humans could be a potential preventative for age-related disease, he adds.Although in fruit flies it appears to be the smell of CO2that affects ageing, he says that an analogue in humans might be a smell or taste linked to human food--or a lack of it.Matt Kaeberlein studies ageing at the University of Washington in Seattle. He cautions that we don't know whether ageing and smell are linked in mammals.But " we definitely undergo physiological changes in response to smelling food--I'm getting hungry just thinking about it--so I think it's possible." Pletcher's team does some researches to prove _ .
|
[
"the immune system of flies to chemicals",
"the links between nutrition and longevity",
"the importance of food odors to our humans",
"the connections between food odors and lifespan"
] | 3D
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Anne and Joseph are talking about an interesting question. Why do some people change their names? There can be many reasons. Hanna changed her name to Anne because she thought it would be easier for people to remember. On the other hand, Joseph is thinking about changing his name to an unusual name because he wants to be different. People have a lot of reasons for changing their names. Film stars, singers, sportsmen and some other famous people often change their names because they want names that are not ordinary, or that have special sound. They chose the "new name" for themselves instead of the name their parents gave them when they were born. Some people have another reason for changing their names. They have moved to a new country and want to use a name that is usual there. For example, Li Kaiming changed his name to Ken Lee when he moved to the United States. He uses the name Ken at his job and at school. But with his family and Chinese friends, he uses Li Kaiming. For some people, using different names makes life easier in their new country. In many countries, a woman changes her family name to her husband's after she gets married. But today, many women are keeping their own family name and not using their husband's. Sometimes, women use their own name in some situations and their husband's in other situations. And some use both their own name and their husband's. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
|
[
"Women have to change their names when they get married.",
"Women can't use their husband's name without permission.",
"If a singer becomes famous, he or she has to change his or her name.",
"Some people changed their names in order to get much more attentions."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which celestial object listed below has the greatest density?
|
[
"a planet",
"a comet",
"a nebula",
"a neutron star"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What might be harder to digest?
|
[
"corn",
"spinach",
"water",
"eggs"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new planet-hunting technique has detected the most earth-like planet yet around a star other than our sun, raising hopes of finding a space rock that might support life, astronomers reported recently. "This is an important discovery to answer the question 'Are we alone?'" said Michael Turner of the National Science Foundation. "The team has discovered the most earth-like planet yet, and more importantly, has proved the power of a new technique that is sensitive to detecting planets that are fit for people to live on," Turner said in a statement. In the last decade, astronomers have detected more than 160 planets moving around stars outside our solar system. Most of these have been gas giant planets like Jupiter, which are unfit for life. But an international team has detected a cold planet about 5.5 times more massive than the earth -- still small enough to be considered earth-like -- moving around a star about 20,000 light years away, close to the center of the Milky Way. To find this new planet, the team used a technique called gravitational microlensing . When a planet is circling the closest star, the planet's gravity can add its own signature to the light. This kind of light signature was observed on July 11 by a group of telescopes in a project known as OGLE, short for Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. "The main advantage of microlensing is the signals for low-mass planets: They're not weak signals. They're just rare," Bennett of the University of Notre Dame in Indiana said by telephone. "If there happens to be a straight line between a foreground star with its planet and the background source star, then you're able to detect that planet." From the news report we can infer that _ .
|
[
"the planet is like the earth because it is close to the center of the Milky Way",
"it is quite possible that life may exist on other planets in the universe",
"people have no interest in finding a planet that might support life",
"the question \"Are we alone\" is too difficult for scientists to answer"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are many differing thoughts on the effectiveness of hypnosis as a kind of treatment. However, scientific studies seem to have concluded that hypnosis is not only a true kind of treatment but also highly effective. There have been a number of controlled studies in recent decades and they all seem to agree hypnosis most definitely does work. Within this essay I will discuss just two of many studies about hypnosis and how they show that hypnosis works. In a study released in the Journal of Clinical Psychology to test the helpfulness of hypnosis in losing weight, 109 volunteers (ranging from the age of 17 to 67) completed a behavioral treatment either with or without the addition of hypnosis. The treatment took nine weeks and during return check-ups both eight months and two years after the treatment the people who used hypnosis showed a continued weight loss rate much higher than the people who didn't. Those who used hypnosis were much better at achieving their ideal weight goals. In 2009, researchers at Hull University found that hypnosis had an influence on brain scans. This shows that hypnosis had an influence on brain activity that can be picked up on brain scans. This shows that hypnosis is not just a placebo treatment as some doubters claim it is. "Our study shows hypnosis is real," said British psychologist Dr. Michael Heap who was involved in the study. This piece of research shows that hypnosis works and also exactly how it works. There are also studies proving that hypnosis works for pain relief, improving skin quality, improving confidence as well as helping with many other problems. If you've ever thought about using hypnosis but were not sure whether it would work for you, you should now have all the proof you need to use hypnosis with confidence. The study mentioned in Para.2 shows that _ .
|
[
"hypnosis works immediately after being used",
"hypnosis is effective in helping people lose weight",
"people will gain weight if stopping using hypnosis",
"old people have difficulty in achieving ideal weight goals"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone likes living in a clean and comfortable environment. If the environment are bad, it will affect our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be terribly ill. At that time we don't want to work, and we have to stay in bed and rest at home. So the environment is very important to us. It's germs that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere, They are very small and you can't find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microscope They are very small and there may be hundreds of them on a very small thing, Germs can always be found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. Germs can also be found in air and dust . If you cut your finger, some of the dust from the floor may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs will go into all of your bodies, and you will have pain everywhere. To keep us healthy, we should try our best to make our environment cleaner and tidier. This needs us to work together. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"Environment doesn't affect our life",
"We don't need to improve our environment",
"Germs may make us ill",
"If the environment is better, germs will be more."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Pear trees have green leaves.",
"Gorillas eat leaves, fruits, and insects."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Students are studying the classifications of stars and they learned that the majority of stars are similar to the Sun. What can the students conclude knowing that most of the stars in the galaxy are like the Sun?
|
[
"Most of the stars will become black holes.",
"Most of the stars are main sequence stars.",
"Most of the stars are protostars.",
"Most of the stars are red giants."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you suffer from cybersickness? The rise of mobile phones has been blamed for a number of social ills, but your smart phone may also be making you physically sick as well. Scientists have identified a condition called "cybersickness", which they say is the digital version of motion sickness. The phenomenon, which affects up to 80 percent of the population who own smart phones or tablets, leads to feelings of sickness and unsteadiness. It is caused by seeing fast motion on a screen, which covers anything from a car chase in a film to scrolling through web pages on your phone. The more realistic the visual content appears to you, the higher your chances of getting cybersickness are . The condition was identified in a piece in the New York Times in which British and US experts said that it needed solving. Motion sickness leaves sufferers feeling ill because they feel movement in your muscles and your inner ear but do not see it. The mismatch in digital sickness is the opposite--you see movement on the screen but do not feel it. The effect is the same and the symptoms include a headache, wanting to throw up, confusion and the need to sit down. Often cybersickness shows itself in a subtle way and sufferers put it down to stress or eyestrain. Steven Rauch, a professor of otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, said: "Your sense of balance is different from other senses in that it has lots of inputs. When those inputs don't agree, that's when you feel dizziness and sickness. " Some studies that have been carried out into cybersickness found that women are more _ than men, the New York Times reported. Those who have Type A' personalities--meaning they are confident and determined--are more likely to suffer from cybersickness as well. Among those who have reported experiencing the condition have been video gamers who spend hours playing fast paced games. Engineers at Oculus VR, the virtual headset manufacturer, have admitted that digital motion sickness is one of their biggest problems. What's the difference between motion sickness and digital sickness?
|
[
"Digital sickness means sufferers see movement but do not feel it.",
"Digital sickness means sufferers feel movement but do not see it.",
"Motion sickness means sufferers see movement but do not feel it.",
"Motion sickness means sufferers don't see or feel movement"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations: you're a survivor. According to a survey, you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman. There're many reasons for this -- typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke--but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor. "Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta. "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike." Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year. "When I finally saw him it had already spread and he finally died from lung cancer," he says. "Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life." According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. "A lot of men think they can never defeated," Gullotta says. "They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, 'Geez, if it could happen to him, ...'" Then there's the ostrich approach. "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr, Ross Cartmill. "Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it's called premature death." What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
|
[
"They may increase public expenses.",
"They will enable men to live as long as women.",
"They may cause psychological strains on men.",
"They will save money in the long run."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wang Bing is a 12-year-old boy. He likes sports very much and does well in sports. One afternoon, he comes out of the classroom and sees his father waiting for him at the school gate. He is very glad and he runs to his father. "Dad, please don't wait for me after school next time. I can go home by myself . I have grown up." says Wang Bing. "Let's go," says the father, "I'll cook supper and you can do your homework at home: Mum is still at work."On their way home, Wang Bing sees some boys skating in a park. "Can I go and learn skating. Dad?" asks Wang Bing. "I'm sorry, my boy. You must go home and do your homework," answers his father, "but I can buy you an ice-cream." Then his father buys an ice-cream for him. When Wang Bing wants to eat it, a fly flies to the ice-cream. "Drive off the fly,' says his father, "it's very dirty ."But Wang Bing says with a smile. "You don't let me skate, but can you let him skate for a while ?" What's the meaning of the sentence "I have grown up."?
|
[
".",
".",
".",
"."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Pilling a cat can be a 'terrible" experience. Cats don't want something pushed down their throats, and they'll fight with all their strength to prevent it. In fact, it's amazing how powerful their small bodies can be. The easiest way of pilling a cat is to press the pill into powder. Then mix the powder with a small amount of wet food. If your cat usually eats dry food, she will probably view the wet food as a treat and eat it up. If your cat won't eat the wet food that contains the pill or if she is too ill to eat, you can get a "pill gun". There are some basic instructions. Getting your cat's mouth to open is going to be the most difficult part. First, be sure the pill is in a handy place. Then you can put your cat on a bookshelf with her bottom in a corner or you can put her on your lap firmly tied. Have your cat facing to the right if you're right-handed. With your left hand, hold your cat at the cheekbones, putting your palm at the top of her head. Keeping your finger off the trigger , with your right hand, Insert the pill gun until the pill is positioned over the tongue and open throat Be sure to give your cat a treat directly after giving the pill. If you don't feel comfortable using a pill gun, you can try giving the pill by hand. Push your cat's head backwards just far enough so that her nose is pointing towards the ceiling. At this point, most cats will slightly open their mouths. With the little finger or ring finger of the hand holding the pill, open the bottom jaw a little more. You may need to hold her top jaw with your other hand while doing this. Aim straight and lightly throw the pill or drop it. Most cats will then swallow the pill. A cat probably opens its mouth naturally when _ .
|
[
"its nose is straight upwards",
"it is touched by fingers",
"its head is turning around",
"it is served with its favorite pills"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Parties, iPods, concerts, movies, TV shows, video games, traffic. All of these things of the modern world make life entertaining and enjoyable. But our 21st-century lifestyle is also loud and, if we don't take notice, it can have an effect on our hearing. Most teenagers don't think about hearing loss. But if you experience any of the followingsymptoms , you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people's expressions to understand what they are saying, you ask people to repeat themselves, you misunderstand what people are saying or you hear ringing in your ears. iPods and other MP3 players are as common as the clothes you wear, and just as fashionable. But if you turn up an iPod to more than 60 percent of itsmaximum volume , and listen to music for more than an hour, you are asking for trouble. And, it does not matter if the music you play is classical, rock or heavy metal. Some researchers find that young people who break the so-called 60-percent/60-minute rule in listening to iPods are at the risk of suffering hearing loss. Why is an iPod dangerous? With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time, it's like working in a loud factory all day, being amaintenance person under a jet airplane or using ajackhammer on a building site. Similarly, iPod music can cause a short time orpermanent hearing damage. A loud iPod can cause aruptured eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to theauditory nerves that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent. Which of the following shows that you are suffering hearing loss?
|
[
"You are interested to listen to others' talking.",
"You have to read others' expressions to understand them.",
"You can only understand others over the phone.",
"You always think you hear the ringing of the phone."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?
|
[
"a fish swimming",
"a seed sprouting",
"a leaf growing",
"a dog eating"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My 13-year-old daughter Lisa remembers birthdays, makes people cards when they are sick, and sends encouraging notes written in colored pens in her neat, artistic hand. One day I got a call from her principal, "I called to tell you that in 20 years of teaching I have seen nothing like what Lisa did today", he said I held my breath again as I thought, my Lisa? My sweet daughter? She must be the wrong kid. What could she have done? My silence made him go on. "I've never seen a student do anything so nice for anyone who needed it more." "What did she do?" I asked. He explained to me about the cupcakes . When Lisa came home from school that afternoon, I told her the principal from her school had phoned me. "Yeah", she answered, "I got called out of math class to go to his office. Everyone thought I was in trouble, but he just wanted to know what was going on at lunch." Lisa and Ashley had sat with Jordan, a boy who is in special classes. They talked about birthdays, and Lisa asked Jordan when his birthday was. He told her it was coming up but that he lives in a group home and they don't celebrate birthdays there. "I remembered his birthday was today, so I made the cupcakes yesterday," Lisa explained. "Ashley bought a two-liter bottle of soda and some birthday cups, plates, and napkins left over from her little brother's party, and we got some other kids together at lunch today to sing 'Happy Birthday' to Jordan." "The principal wanted to know why they were having a birthday party for Jordan at school. When they told him, he just shook his head, took off his glasses, and rubbed his eyes," Lisa told me. "Finally, he said he was going to tell my parents that I wasn't in trouble, he was proud of what I did, and I could go back to math class." How different my daughter was from me. Better, in fact! I wouldn't have ever known how to help out disadvantaged kids like that. But my wise daughter knew how-- all it took was cupcakes and adventurous , independent , kind spirit. What can we know from the school principal's phone call?
|
[
"Birthday parties are usually not allowed at the school.",
"The principal was angry with Lisa and her friends.",
"Jordan was in the same class as Lisa.",
"The students thought Lisa was a lot of trouble."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Regularly staying late at the office significantly increases the risk of having a stroke or heart attack, researchers have found, working just an hour extra each day pushes up stroke risk by 10 per cent, according to a huge review of working patterns. And people who work an extra three hours a day--or 55 hours a week--are 33 per cent more likely to have a stroke, the scientists found. The research, published in the Lancet medical journal, is based on health records of more than 500, 000 people across Europe, the US and Australia. Scientists led by University College London warned that people who work longer hours tend to do less exercise, sit at a computer for hours at a time and drink more than people with a better work-life balance. Repeated stress may also be to blame for greater health problems, the scientists think. They looked at the combined result of 17 previous studies, in which 529, 000 people were tracked over an average of seven years. Experts stressed that the study had only found a link between hours worked and heart problems---it had not proved what had actually caused each death. But they warned people to take note of the findings. Dr Tim Chico, consultant cardiologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, said "For many people, reducing their working hours would be difficult or impossible, and this study does not show that it would reduce the risk of stroke." Most of us could reduce the amount of time we spend sitting down, increase our physical activity and improve our diet while working and this might be more important the more time we spend at work. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"People who work longer are less likely to suffer a stroke.",
"All the deaths are caused by working long hours.",
"The research was based on the tracking of over 500, 000 people.",
"Reduced working hours will surely decrease the risk of stroke."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has less thermal energy?
|
[
"a 3-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 275°F",
"a 3-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 270°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good or bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are unacceptable. Many people would find it terrible to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as proper food. Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. But dislikes is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that is forbidden. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. One example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from some other cultures regard them as good food. In the United States, dogs are very important to people as pets. They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in some cases. In addition, dogs have value as protection against criminals . Actually, the dog's place in society as a companion makes the dog taboo as food. Scientists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads. The writer uses the example of rat as food to show that _ .
|
[
"some cultures may seem rather strange",
"understanding between different cultures is easy",
"people may eat very different things",
"eating properly is very difficult"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Oxford's Department for Continuing Education runs over 1000 courses per year, offered on a part-time basis. Programmes include Oxford awards and degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level, online short courses, weekly classes, day and weekend events, continuing professional development and summer schools. Oxford awards & degrees Over 50 undergraduate and postgraduate Oxford qualifications: certificates, diplomas, advanced diplomas, Master's and Doctoral degrees, offered part-time, in the arts, social sciences, diplomatic studies, human rights law, health care and biomedical sciences, which involve overseas students. Course duration ranges from one year to several years part-time. The Department also runs a Graduate School to provide the support and guidance needed by those following part-time graduate programmes. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications Online & distance learning Choose from over 90 courses across a range of disciplines. Most are short courses of 5-10 weeks, accredited (officially approved). A few longer courses result in Oxford qualifications. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/online Weekly classes Approximately 500 part-time accredited classes, open to all, and held in Oxford, Reading and other locations. Topics are studied in depth over a period of 10 or 20 weeks. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/weekly Day & weekend events Courses of 1 or 2 days, usually held at weekends and taught by lecturers and speakers who are noted authorities in their field of research. Many courses are offered in combination with national organizations. Over 150 offered per year. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/dayweekend Professional development courses 200 courses per year, ranging from day schools to short refresher courses to full degree programmes. Subjects include health sciences, public policy, diplomatic studies, nanotechnology, electronics, historic conservation, environmental sciences, public administration, higher education leadership and more. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/cpd Summer schools Accredited and non-accredited courses of between one and three weeks, with over 120 to choose from. Most are designed for the general public; others are designed to allow professionals to update skills. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/summerschools Which programme will you choose if you want to learn from the famous top experts in your field?
|
[
"Summer schools",
"Online&distance learning.",
"Day&weekend events.",
"Professional development courses."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For dielectric heating the range of frequency normally employed is
|
[
"10 KHz to 100 KHz.",
"100 KHz to 10 MHz.",
"1 MHz to 10 MHz.",
"10 MHz to 40 MHz."
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu
|
Bad teeth may be painful and it's getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses. Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers' milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. But dentists say a baby's mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water. When baby's teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If _ continues, parents should talk to their children's dentist or doctor. Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months. According to the writer, baby's teeth should be protected from the day _ .
|
[
"he begins to speak",
"he has his first tooth",
"he was born",
"he is fed with bottle milk"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what's happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen--they can't do both--and they don't understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships--not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen. During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group, they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts. Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding . A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours. There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked to them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked to, and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brains of their children. Since a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech, we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually disappointed to receive only short grunts in reply. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Women are Socially Trained to Talk",
"Talking Maintains Relationships",
"Women Love to Talk",
"Men Talk Differently from Women"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Monkeys , face to face DISCOVER magazine once reported on a curious event in the woods : a group of monkeys applied mud to their faces in order to keep away insects , but when they were done they seemed to have lost their ability to recognize each other ---two monkeys that were supposed to be friends even started fighting. "Faces are really important to how monkeys and apes can tell one another apart," explained Michael Alfaro, a biologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), to the New York -based International Science Times . This is quite different from many other animals , which depend heavily on smells. Since faces play such a crucial part in the social lives of monkeys , could this explain why certain monkey species have such colorful faces while others have simpler, plainer ones ? To test this theory , a group of researchers from UCLA studied 139 monkey species , mainly from Asia and Africa, and analyzed hundreds of headshot photos of those monkeys from their databases. It was found that species that live in larger groups have faces with more complex color patterns than those that live in smaller groups. According to Live Science, researchers believe that this is nature's way of making it easier for monkeys to recognize each other since those living in larger groups have to distinguish between a greater number of faces. This is actually not that hard to understand . Just imagine if there were 10 people standing in front of you, all wearing white clothes. It would be much more difficult to tell them apart than if they wore clothes with colorful patterns. However, if there were only two people that you had to identify, a lack of color wouldn't be much of a problem. Apart from the need to recognize group members , researchers found that geography and environment also affect monkeys' facial colors. Species that live closer to the equator in thick, humid forests were found to have darker faces than those who live in dry areas further away from the equator. This is because darker faces help camouflage the monkeys in the woods so that they go unnoticed by predators . Which of the following statements about monkeys'face patterns is TURE according to the article ?
|
[
"Larger monkeys have more complex face color patterns.",
"Monkeys with colorful face patterns usually take higher social positions within groups.",
"Monkeys living in smaller groups usually have simpler, plainer face patterns.",
"Colorful face patterns keep monkeys safe from predators."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Pupils work harder in lessons if they are taught by a man, a study has claimed. Male teachers are more likely to improve pupils' self-esteem and are judged by pupils to be more fair, according to a study published by the Department for Education. But there is a significant shortage of male teachers, especially in primary schools, with reports last month indicating that almost one in three primaries has an all-female teaching staff. The latest figures heightened fears that schools are becoming dominated by women and children are being denied access to male role models in the classroom. Researchers at the London School of Economics and Westminster University conducted an experiment in which each of 1,200 pupils in 29 schools was given PS2. They could use the money to "buy" up to 10 questions at a cost of 20p each, which they then had to answer. If they were right they were given an extra 20p, but if they were wrong they lost 20p. Boys and girls who had a male teacher chose on average almost half a question more than those taught by women, indicating that they had a more positive outlook on the rewards of effort, the the study said. Researchers wrote: "One of the most significant results featured in this experiment is the positive effect of male teachers on effort. The experiment suggests that higher ability pupils either believed that the teacher would reward them more favorably or had a preference for working hard to please the teacher." According to the Good Teacher Training Guide, 86 per cent of new teachers entering primary schools are female, along with 62 per cent of those entering secondary schools. Professor Alan Smithers, of Buckingham University, said: "This is an interesting and somewhat surprising finding, but it does underline the importance of having a good mix of male and female teachers in classes." What is the author's attitude to the finding that pupils work harder in lessons if they are taught by a man?
|
[
"He is for the finding.",
"He is against the finding.",
"He doesn't show his opinion about it.",
"He thinks it's interesting and somewhat surprising."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best. for them using new software which combines with their web camera or smart phone to form a"3D tape measure". Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a program which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images. Using the person's height as a starting point,the software will be able to build up a 3D image and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions. The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on waist size or a "small/medium/large"scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer's perception of their own body size. Shoppers and retailers who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment and send back ill-fitting clothes, researchers claimed. The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years. After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph. The software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body. Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said:"The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it's common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they're unsure which one will fit best." What is the essential part of a 3D tape measure?
|
[
"a software",
"a webcam",
"a microphone",
"a smart phone"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which weather instrument measures air pressure?
|
[
"thermometer",
"anemometer",
"rain gauge",
"barometer"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the elementary substance.
|
[
"boron trifluoride (BF3)",
"xenon (Xe)",
"fluoromethane (CH3F)"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
EVERYBODY in this world is different from one another. But do you know that understanding differences can help you better manage your money? As we grow up, we gradually develop a set of our own values or beliefs. These are influenced by society, our family, the education we receive and so on. Once this value system is set up, it's not easy to change later in life. Financial experts say that everyone also has their own belief of how to manage their finances. This is part of our value system and it has a great impact on the way we look after our money. According to our different values, experts put us in three categories. They are: the ant, the cricket and the snail. The ant--works first Just like ants who work heart and soul in summer in order to store food for winter, these people don't care about enjoying the moment. They work very hard and save money they earn so that they can enjoy life when they get old and retire. The ant loves to save but they could make more out of their money if they were willing to invest in some funds and stocks with low risk. The cricket--fun first The cricket wants to enjoy everything now and doesn't think too much about the future. They even borrow money when they really want something. Many young people now belong to this group. These people have little savings. When they get old, they might have problems. They should learn to save and buy insurance. The snail--lives under pressure The snail refers to people who make life difficult for themselves. They take big long-term loans from the bank in order to buy things such as luxury houses. They are happy to take big loans even though they are not sure they can afford it. This can cause problems in the future. They should plan more carefully. Of the three types of people, the one that has no weakness is _ .
|
[
"the ant",
"the snail",
"none of them",
"the cricket"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells. The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders. Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial cells in urine into NPCs. These NPCs, normally only found in the human brain, were later proven to be transgene-free and self-renewing, he said. "These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat," said Pei. "My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient". Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said. Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. "These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases." "It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, " said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"NPCs are beneficial in treating human diseases.",
"Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.",
"Chinese scientists have found cures for all diseases.",
"A new technique was used to study the use of human urine"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most of the females think that they understand their male mate very well when in fact it is not. He is just speaking with you and you are happy. Try to look behind his words and sneak into his mind. What would you find out if he is talking loving words in a boring tone? What if you are hugging him and he wants to sound to be uninterested. These are alarming situations and going to be serious if you do not take it into account. Men are more experienced to hide what they have in their minds. _ Male use their body language to express what they feel. They do not want to express in words. They just indicate and deliver signals to let you know whether they are interested, annoyed, bored,excited, happy or sad. When you are worried what to do when accepting a proposal from a man,just start observing his body language. This way would tell you a lot about his feelings and behavior. Men usually have reserved nature and do not want to expose their feelings. Male body would attract you as a man tends to face _ on the front end. Keep it remember that men usually upset more than women at last, so do not interpret it for something else. Here we develop some tips for interested women to interpret or decode male body language. These tips are surely going to help you find the perfect match for you by understanding the male body language. Attention:A male tends to look leading male; Confident body language; Active listening; Eye Catching and Entering the personal bubble. When a man wants to express his real feelings,how does he do according to this passage?
|
[
"He can use written language indirectly to express them.",
"He can directly speak out loudly.",
"He can take different steps depending on the facts.",
"He can express his feelings by body language."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of following is a property shared by the elements in the carbon family?
|
[
"an atomic number of 6",
"an atomic mass of 12",
"the same electron configuration",
"the number of valence electrons"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
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