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Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don't give friendship back.That is why some friendships don't last long.To have a friend,you must learn to be one.You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules:be honest;be generous;be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest,you may lose the friend's trust.Good friends always count _ on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and helping with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike.But all true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practice honesty,generosity and understanding. According to the passage,honesty is _ .
|
[
"something countable",
"the base of friendship",
"as important as money",
"more important than anything else"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Besides entertainment and beautiful lanterns, another important part of the Lantern Festival, or Yuanxiao Festival is eating small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour. We call these balls Yuanxiao or Tangyuan. Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself. It is said that the custom of eating Yuanxiao originated during the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the fourth century, then became popular during the Tang and Song periods. The fillings inside the dumplings or Yuansiao are either sweet or salty. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, Walnuts, sesame , osmanthus flowers , rose petals, sweetened tangerine peel, bean paste, or jujube paste . A single ingredient or any combination can be used as the filling . The salty variety is filled with minced meat , vegetables or a mixture. The way to make Yuanxiao also varies between northern and southern China. The usual method followed in southern provinces is to shape the dough of rice flour into balls, make a hole, insert the filling, then close the hole and smooth out the dumpling by rolling it between your hands. In North China, sweet or nutmeat stuffing is the usual ingredient. The fillings are pressed into hardened cores, dipped lightly in water and rolled in a flat basket containing dry glutinous rice flour. A layer of the flour sticks to the filling, which is then again dipped in water and rolled a second time in the rice flour. And so it goes, like rolling a snowball, until the dumpling is the desired size. The custom of eating Yuanxiao dumplings remains. This tradition encourages both old and new stores to promote their Yuanxiao products. They all try their best to improve the taste and quality of the dumplings to attract more customers. Why do we eat Yuanxiao today?
|
[
"Because it's a tradition.",
"Because it's a tasty food.",
"Because we love our country.",
"Because this food can make money."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?
|
[
"rainy.",
"sunny.",
"snowing.",
"hailing."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The tough economy is bringing new shoppers to the secondhand market. Plato's Closet in Charlotte, NC is a private company which mainly buys and sells used clothes. While Charlotte has outstanding secondhand stores offering high-end and sophisticated brands for women, most of their stock applies to adults. Plato's Closet targets teens and those in their 20s.Plato's Closet, with stores in Matthews and the university area, sells clothes and accessories that are currently popular at up to 70 percent off retail prices . The two hottest brands, for buying and selling, are Hollister and Abercrombie & Fitch. Even though the offerings tend to be suitable for young people, there are a variety of shoppers at Plato's Closet of varying ages. Women in their 30s; 40s and older could easily find a purse, jacket or piece of jewelry they like. Customer Beth Gibbs, 52, who has three teenage daughters, said she used to shop at name-brand stores, but "this year I'm shopping more in secondhand stores", because of the economy. If you're selling Unlike higher-end resale stores which usually work on consignment , Plato's Closet buys on the spot. Items can be gently used, but must be in very good condition. Clothes should be less than two years old and styles should be the same as those still being sold at the shopping center. There is no negotiation; prices are set company-wide. If what you sell amounts to $30 or less, they'll give you cash. More than that, you'll get a Visa cash card. Secondhand success Don't get discouraged if you can't find something on your first trip. Resale shops are always getting new lists of goods and change their styles with each season. Be sure to check each piece carefully before buying. Price comparison Jackets: New York & Company black blazer, $12; retail: $37. Pants: Express Editor-style pants, $12; retail: $69.90. Shoes: Nine West black peep-toe pumps, $12; retail: $89. Jewelry: Necklaces, $3-$5; retail: $18-$30. (365) Which of the following about Plato's Closet is NOT true?
|
[
"Hollister and Abercrombie & Fitch are the two hottest brands in Plato's Closet.",
"Only young people can buy proper clothes and accessories in Plato's Closet.",
"Goods in Plato's Closet are sold at up to 70 percent off retail prices.",
"Plato's Closet targets teens and those in their 20s."
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day?
|
[
"26°C",
"26°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is this cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait?
|
[
"Ff",
"dull fruit"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following helps to produce urine in humans and other mammals?
|
[
"bladder",
"urethra",
"kidneys",
"ureter"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
New findings show that musical training affects the structure and function of different brain areas, how those areas communicate during the creation of music, and how the brain interprets and combines sensory information. The findings were presented at Neuroscience 2013, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience and the world's largest source of emerging news about brain science and health. These views suggest potential new roles for musical training including training plasticity in the brain, offering an alternative tool in education, and treating a range of learning disabilities. Today's new findings show that long-term high level musical training has a broader effect. Researchers found that musicians have a better ability to combine sensory information from hearing, touch, and sight. The age at which musical training begins influenced brain structure and its function. Beginning training before the age of seven has the greatest effect. Even older adults who took music lessons as children but haven't actively played an instrument in decades have a faster brain response to a speech sound than those who never played an instrument, according to a study appearing November 6 in the Journal of Neuroscience. The finding suggests early musical training has a lasting, positive effect on how the brain deals with sound. "Playing a musical instrument is a multi-sensory and motive experience that creates emotions and movements--from finger tapping to dancing -- and engages pleasure and reward systems in the brain. It has the potential to affect brain function and structure when done over a long period of time," said Gottfried Schlaug, MD, PhD, of Harvard Medical School, press conference speaker, also an expert on music. "As today's findings show, musical training brings about new processes within the brain, at different stages of life, and with a range of effects on creativity, cognition , and learning," he added. Which of the following best describes the function of early musical training?
|
[
"Difficult but interesting.",
"Painful but effective.",
"Lasting and positive.",
"Important and necessary."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello! My name is Mike. I am from America. Now I am with my parents. I like breakfast at home. I have an egg, some bread and porridge for breakfast. I do not like milk. I have no time to go home for lunch. So I have it at school. The lunch in our school is good. I can have different food for lunch. I eat rice, meat and vegetables. Sometimes I have noodles and dumplings. I have dinner at home with my parents. Sometimes we go out to eat with friends. We have chicken, vegetables and fruit. Mike is _ .
|
[
"American",
"English",
"Chinese",
"in the USA"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"swing set",
"koala",
"brick wall",
"bathtub"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which results in a chemical change?
|
[
"A student smells a flower.",
"A teacher lights a candle.",
"A student colors a paper blue.",
"A teacher feels a rough cloth."
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why do mountain climbers at high elevations use oxygen tanks to help them breathe?
|
[
"At high elevations the ozone layer draws oxygen out of the atmosphere.",
"The atmosphere is less dense at higher elevations so there is less oxygen available.",
"Oxygen is heavier than the other gases in the atmosphere and sinks to lower elevations.",
"Radiation from the Sun splits oxygen molecules into atoms making the oxygen unbreathable."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who offer love, listening and help to others may be rewarded with better mental health themselves, according to a new study of churchgoers in the September/October issue of Psychosomatic Medicine. The study is one of the first to track the positive health benefits of altruistic behavior, says Carolyn Schwartz, Sc.D. of the University of prefix = st1 /MassachusettsMedicalSchool. "The findings really point up how helping others can help oneself," Schwartz says. Schwartz and his workmates analyzed the information collected by the Presbyterian Church for 2,016 church members. The members were asked about how often they "made others feel loved and cared for" and "listened to others", and how often they received this attention in return. The members also answered the questions about their mental and physical health. Most of the church members were in good physical and mental health to begin with, experiencing only normal levels of anxiety and depression. While the researchers did not find any significant differences in physical health clearly related to giving and receiving help, they concluded that giving help was a better predictor of good mental health than receiving help. But feeling crushed by others' demands can have negative psychological effects, according to the researchers. "Although our findings suggest that people who help others experience better mental health, our findings also suggest that giving beyond one's own resources is related with worse reported mental health," Schwartz says. Church leaders, older people, women and those who took satisfaction from prayer were more likely to be helpers rather than receivers, according to the study. People who give help to others may be less likely to focus inward on their own anxieties and depression or more likely to see their own troubles in mind, leading to better mental health, say the researchers. Alternatively, it may be that "people who are functioning well psychologically are better able and hence more likely to give help," Schwartz says. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Older people are more likely to help others.",
"The researchers got the result from those who were given help.",
"Altruistic actions may result in better mental health.",
"Feeling crushed by others' demands can be negative."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Kurt is good at baking.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Mara planted six pots of lettuce seeds. She placed three pots in a sunny area and three pots in a shaded area. She watered each pot the same and measured the growth of the lettuce. After Mara analyzes her data, what conclusion will it help her to make?
|
[
"When to plant her lettuce",
"Where to plant her lettuce",
"How much water to give lettuce",
"How many lettuce plants to grow"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Meet the "Tutor Kings and Queens" "If you want to be a top tutor, it definitely helps if you are young and attractive. Students look at your appearance," said Kelly Mok, 26, a "tutor queen" at King's Glory, one of Hong Kong's largest tutorial establishments. Richard Eng from Beacon College, a former secondary school teacher, is often credited with being the first of Hong Kong's "star tutors". "In school all the teachers look the same, there's no excitement," he said. The celebrity tutor phenomenon is a result of the huge growth in outofschool tutoring in Asia. It is fuelled by highly pressured examination systems and ambitious parents wanting their children to secure places at top universities and highstatus secondary schools. In societies where success _ good exam results, parental anxiety converts into a "steady stream of revenue " for tutoring establishments, according to a study by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The tutoring industry, or "shadow education" as the ADB calls it, has become very widespread in Asia, fed by the growth in universities and the rising proportion of school leavers aiming for university. Hong Kong University's professor Mark Bray, one of the authors of the ADB study, said a staggering 72% of finalyear school students in Hong Kong now go to private tutors. It's not just Hong Kong. Tutoring has "spread and intensified in Asia and become more commercialized," said Professor Bray. In South Korea, 90% of primary school children attend such classes. In China, New Oriental Education and Technology has grown to become one of the largest tutoring schools in Asia with around 2.4 million students this year. In South Korea, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India, tutorial schools use star tutors to attract even more students. According to Kelly Mok, tutors _ .
|
[
"have a lot in common with school teachers",
"benefit much from their appearances",
"become more and more popular in the world",
"have much more pressure than in the past"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For 99% of human history, people took their food from the world around them. They ate all that they could find, and then moved on. Then around 10,000 years ago, about 1% of human history, people learned to farm the land. The kind of food we eat depends on which part of the world we live in, or which part of our country we live in. For example, in the south of China they eat rice, but in the north they eat noodles. In European countries near the sea, people eat a lot of fish. In central Europe, away from the sea, people don't eat so much fish, but they eat more meat. For example, in Germany and Poland, there are hundreds of different kinds of sausages. In North America, Australia, and Europe, people eat with knives and forks. In China, people eat with chopsticks. In parts of India and the Middle East, people use their fingers to pick up food. Nowadays it is possible to transport food easily from one part of the world to another. We can eat whatever we like, at any time of the year. In Britain, bananas come from Africa; rice comes from India or the U.S.A.; strawberries come from Chile or Spain. Food is a very big business. But people in poor countries are still hungry while people in rich countries eat too much. _ have many kinds of sausages.
|
[
"Chile and Spain",
"America and Australia",
"China and Japan",
"Germany and Poland"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you knew a bottle of water had been recycled from urine , would you drink it? Astronauts at the International Space Station (ISS) may soon do so. NASA said it would use a high-tech machine to recycle wastewater at the ISS. The machine will recycle everything from sweat , the water for washing hands, shower water, water used for brushing teeth, and even urine, to make drinking water. It will save NASA millions of dollars each year. At present, each ISS astronaut uses about 4.4 liters of water every day. It costs about $24 million a year to transport water up to ISS. NASA says that a liter of water costs about $11,000. The machine will be sent to the ISS in October 2008. NASA hopes it will recycle about 93% of all water used on the station. Will the water be clean? Scientists say the wastewater will go through a very complicated process . For example, different chemicals will be put in the wastewater; the water will be heated to 130degCto get rid of bacteria . The recycled water is thousands of times better than the water from a city tap, scientists say. The reading mainly tells us something about _ .
|
[
"water recycling",
"the International Space Station",
"a high-tech machine",
"the cost of NASA"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The openSSL implementation described in “Remote Timing Attacks are Practical” (by Brumley and Boneh) uses the following performance optimizations: Chinese Remainder (CR), Montgomery Representation (MR), Karatsuba Multiplication (KM), and Repeated squaring and Sliding windows (RS). Which of the following options would close the timing channel attack described in the paper if you turned the listed optimizations off?
1. CR, MR, KM, and RS.
2. RS
|
[
"True, True",
"False, False",
"True, False",
"False, True"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu
|
American society is not nap -friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, "There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an " _ " which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a mid afternoon quiet phase," also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _ .
|
[
"unreasonable",
"criminal",
"harmful",
"costly"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Word Power Author(s): Kaplan $13.95 You'll never be at a loss for words again. Energize your vocabulary with must-know everyday words that are the essentials of a good vocabulary, engaging lessons to help you use words in text, hot words often found on tests, tips to help you figure out new words, roots, and more. Grades: 8 & up Ages: 13 & up Word Smart Junior Author(s): Russell Stauffer $ 17.95 Now this is the way to add new words to your vocabulary! Word Smart Junior will make you laugh so much. You'll be amazed that you've just learned more than 120 fascinating and very useful words! Parents, teachers, and friends will marvel at your eloquence ! Grades: 3-5 Ages: 8-10 Grammar Smart Junior Author(s): Marcia Reynolds $ 16.85 Do you quake when your teacher says, "Now it's time for grammar"? Do your verbs agree with your subjects? Fear no more!A big Hollywood producer and a famous movie star will help you learn all those nasty elements of grammar. You'll be amazed at how quickly you learn, and how much fun it can be. _ and you'll never have to worry about it again. Grades: 7-9 Ages: 12-14 Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage Author(s): Julian Fleisher $ 12.68 The words you use say a lot about you ... but the way you put them together says even more. Your grammar makes an immediate and lasting impression on your teachers, and even your friends. So don't make the mistake of thinking that grammar is too complicated. We've created Grammar Smart to help you write and speak with clarity and confidence. Grades: 6-8 Ages: 11-13 By saying "You'll finally know your grammar backwards and forwards", the writer means " _
|
[
"You will be clearly familiar with grammar",
"You will know the history of grammar",
"You will know the make-up of grammar",
"You will learn about the future of grammar"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Getting a new PC is one thing, Keeping it running smoothly is quite another. While a personal computer should continue to perform well for years, users know that system unsteadiness does exist Yet you can reduce it to the smallest amount by following the tips below . First, put in as little software as possible. You'11 have fewer software -related problems and a system that is easier to manage. Second, you should ensure that you have as much memory (RAM) in your PC as you need If you run Windows 98,your computer should have as least 128 megabytes (MB)of RAM and more You can also get by with 128 MB of RAM if you use Windows NT or Windows2000,but these operating systems will run much more smoothly if you have 256 MB of RAM or more. Third, make sure you buy good hardware. Noname products may be cheaper and sometimes just as good as named-brand products, but name-brand products usually became well-known because of famous companies because Windows will more often support the hardware that you buy ,If you are starting out with to have been tested thoroughly with your operating system, and you will generally experience fewer problems. Fourth, do prepare for disaster .No matter how well your system runs when you get it ,the day will come when it will need to be replaced .Hopefully, you will replace it because technology has become outdated, but you may need to replace it also because the hard drive crashes or you begin experiencing problems that no one can figure out .That's why it 's important to you're your important to copy your important information regularly. Whether you use a tape backup device or a CD-RW drive, it's important to make a regular backup plan and stick to it . the best title of this passage would be "......"
|
[
"the Tips You must Follow",
"How to Start out with a Computer",
"How to Use your PC Better",
"How to Keep Your PC Stable"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Now AIDS has become one of the most dangerous killers for human beings. The whole world is in danger of AIDS. But the situation in rich countries is not the same as that in poor countries. According to a research, the most serious area is Africa. Throughout Africa, whole communities are being _ by AIDS. Mothers, fathers, teachers and farmers are dying in thousands, day after day. Why is it that most people with HIV live in the world's poorest countries? Lack of education and health care makes people easy to be infected ; poverty and the constant search for work and food keep them on the move; casual work and casual sex leave women particularly easy to be infected. As a result, the disease spreads to even more people. Those who are already malnourished very soon become sick. Parents die, leaving children who are infected. It's a dangerous circle. When Pep Bonet visited Nchelenge in northern Zambia in 2003, he found one person in four was HIVpositive(HIV). There was a closed and fearful atmosphere. No one wanted to admit to their HIV identity, and women who were HIV positives were often beaten or driven out of their home. Mothers left home and children became orphans. People lost hope, and the light went out of their eyes. In rich countries, anti-HIV drug treatments can keep people with HIV healthy for many years; in poor countries where 95% of people with HIV live, only a few can afford to get these drugs. Do you think that's fair? Which of the following statements is NOT true?
|
[
"Most people with HIV live in poor countries of the world.",
"People with HIV in rich countries need not worry about anything.",
"Lack of education is one of the causes of AIDS spread.",
"In Africa women with HIV are especially looked down upon."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new age is coming.Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society.It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work.Already we're partly there, the percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World.Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.More women are in the work force than ever before.There are more part-time jobs.More people are self-employed.But the range of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to important new way of thinking about the nature of work itself.Long-held ideas about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers - all these are being challenged. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip , would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.Tomorrow's achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes.But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more valid, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write.The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else.If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information service will be superior.It will be the way you do your job. A characteristic of the new age mentioned in the passage is that _ .
|
[
"the service industry mainly relies on females",
"manufacturing industries are steadily increasing",
"more people are in the service industry than before",
"the work in the service industry is more comfortable than that in manufacturing industry"
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"We don't have rush hours any more", said Mr. Charles Mac Lean, who runs the nation's busiest road. "We have rush periods, and they keep getting longer and longer." Mac Lean was describing prefix = st1 /Chicago's 235 miles of expressway. But the same might be said about almost any of the expressways that have become an important part of American city life--and about the heavy traffic that often blocks them. In Chicago, a computerized system has been developed that controls traffic on the city's seven expressways. Now one man--a controller--can follow the movement of Chicago's traffic by looking at a set of lights. The system uses electronic sensors that are built into each expressway, half a mile apart. Several times a second, the computer receives information from each sensor and translates it into green, yellow, or red lights on a map in the control room. A green light means the traffic is moving forty-five miles an hour, yellow means thirty to forty-five miles an hour and red means heavy traffic--cars standing still or moving less than thirty miles an hour. "See that red light near Austin Avenue?" the controller asked a visitor. "That's a repair truck fixing the road, and the traffic has to go around it". At the Roosevelt Roadentrance to the expressway, the light kept changing from green to red and back to green again. "A lot of trucks get on the expressway there," the controller explained. "They can't speed up as fast as cars." The sensors show immediately where an accident or a stopped car is blocking traffic, and a truck is sent by radio to clear the road. The system has lowered the number of accidents by 18 percent. There are now 1.4 deaths on Chicago's expressways for each one hundred million miles traveled, while in other parts of the country there are 2.6. Traffic experts say that the Chicagosystem is the "coming thing". Systems like Chicago's are already in use on some expressways in Los Angeles andHouston. "Chicago has taken the lead," saysNew York City's traffic director; and he adds, "We are far behind..." How does the controller follow Chicago's traffic?
|
[
"By controlling the traffic lights.",
"By operating a computer in the control room.",
"By sending a truck to clear the roads.",
"By looking at a set of lights on the map in the control room."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Chloe investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?",
"Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?",
"Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Cellphone feels like a part of your body? A global survey has found that most people can't live without their mobiles, never leave home without them and, if given a choice, would rather lose their wallet.[: _ ] Calling mobile phones the "remote control" for life, market research firm Synovate's poll said cell phones are so ubiquitous that by last year more humans owned one than did not. Three-quarters of the more than 8,000 respondents polled online in 11 countries said they take their phone with them everywhere, which Russians and Singaporeans the most attached. More than a third also said they couldn't live without their phone, topped by Taiwanese and again Singaporeans, while one in four would find it harder to replace the mobile than their purse. Some two thirds of respondents go to bed with their phones nearby and can't switch them off, even though they want to, because they're afraid they'll miss something. Mobiles have changed the nature of relationships, with the survey finding a fifth of all respondents set up first dates via text and almost the same number use the same method to end a love affair. Apart from the obvious calling and SMS-ing, the top three features people use regularly on their mobile phones globally are the alarm clock, the camera and the games. As for email and Internet access, 17 percent of respondents said they checked their inboxes or surfed the Web on their phones, led by those in the United States and Britain. One in 10 respondents log onto social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace regularly via mobile, again led by Britain and the United States.[:Zxxk.Com] Not everyone is tech savvy , however,37 percent of respondents said they don't know how to use all the functions on their phone. Which of the following functions of cellphones is the least used?
|
[
"Calling.",
"Playing games.",
"Taking photos.",
"Surfing the Internet."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept?
|
[
"extinction",
"mutation",
"selective breeding",
"natural selection"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two thirds of the singles looking for love in Britain turned to the Internet last year, according to figures made in public yesterday. Special sites offer introductions to smokers, to Roman Catholics, tall people, beautiful people, frequent flyers and vegans . Technology has brought about a great change in the dating game. A survey by Parship, a British branch of Europe's largest dating service with more than 1.5 million members, says that 65 percent of the 5.4 million Britons looking for a relationship used online dating services last year. A spokeswoman for Relate, the relationship advisor, confirmed that a figure of two third feel it all right. "Doing it online allows people quite a lot of privacy, because they can do a bit of quiet research and look around from the comfort of their own home. You don't have to meet a middleman or go to an actual dating agency office, which takes a lot of courage," she said. There are more than 100 independent online dating agencies in Britain. Parship says that 50 percent of single people believe they will meet a suitable partner through the Internet, up from 35 percent six months ago. Mary Balfour, the founder, says that the Internet has changed the dating industry completely. "It's like a return to old-fashioned love letters," she said. "You don't base your initial judgment on how someone looks or what his or her figure is like. You e-mail or talk before you actually see each other. Everybody you know who is single these days has at least had a good look at a dating website, introduction agency or personal ad. They have to, because all the old matchmaking institutions have gone. People work harder, settle down later and live more isolated lives. They're much more likely to end the day with a DVD and a can of beer than by going to a village dance." About _ Britons tried to find love online last year according to this passage.
|
[
"1.5 million",
"3.5 million",
"5.4 million",
"65 million"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While there has been public debate about whether running is good for your health for a long time, experts agree that running has more benefits than the costs. Some people are concerned that the pressure on your knees and ankles can be _ . While this can be true, there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk of injury. You should always go to a doctor for advice before you begin any type of exercise program. Then, a good pair of running shoes can be helpful as your feet hit the ground. They will help protect your ankles by providing stability to your feet. So it is good idea to visit a specialty running shoe store. The staff there can suggest shoes which are ideal for your running style. In order to learn the proper form, you may get some advice from a friend who has been running for some time, or even join a running club. They can provide good tips as well as some support and encouragement for you. Lastly, it is important to start out slowly. When it comes to getting in shape and losing weight , short bursts of speed followed by periods of slower movement would be proper. Aim for around 30 minutes of exercise a few days a week. As you get better, you can increase your speed. Always allow your body to rest in between heavy exercise as your muscles need time to bring energy back. Follow these instructions and your running experience will be a great one! What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"More and more people have become interested in running.",
"Good running methods can reduce the risk of injury.",
"It's better to run as far as possible to lose weight.",
"The instructions in the passage are given by a famous doctor."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While football fans feel strongly angry and shocked about mistakes made by referees because they cannot see clearly what has happened, a small German company is quietly pleased. For Carlos Technologies, mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy. The company has developed a tiny chip that fits inside a football and determines whether the ball has crossed the goal line, by being able to discover its exact location on the field. The world football organization, FIFA, has shown interest in the technology. It is very possible that the new technology will be used in the 2018 World Cup in Russia. "We've been testing the technology at the main soccer stadium in Nuremberg for some time and more recently in an under-17 FIFA Cup in Peru," said Gunter Rohmer, a director of the company. "The technology has performed well, and we're pretty optimistic that it will be used at the games in Russia." The chip only weighs 12 grams, and is placed in the center of the football. It sends 2,000 signals a second to a receiver network of 12 antennas ,placed around the field. The receivers then send information about the ball's location to a central computer, and because it works in real time, it can immediately tell the referee whether a goal has been scored. The chip even can tell when the ball crosses the line in mid-air. Oliver Braun, one of the inventors of the chip, says that feedback from German referees was generally positive. Germany sports-wear giant Adidas is also optimistic about using this kind of chip in other ball sports. FIFA aims to test the technology later this year at another game in Japan before deciding whether or not to introduce it in all 12 stadiums in Russia for next World Cup. The new product has drawn attention from some _ .
|
[
"famous people",
"referees",
"big companies",
"countries"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people are aware of the beauty of a solar eclipse , but are surprised to learn that lunar eclipses are often just as impressive. While total solar eclipse lasts only for a few minutes and can be seen only in a small area of a few kilometers, total lunar eclipse can last for several hours and can be seen over much of the planet. In fact, the beauty and _ of lunar eclipses make them a favorite of both amateur and professional photographers. Lunar eclipses generally occur two or three times a year, and are possible only when the Moon is full. When we see the Moon, we are actually seeing sunlight reflected off the surface of the Moon When the Earth is positioned in between the Moon and the Sun, however, the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, and a lunar eclipse occurs. The type of lunar eclipse - total, partial, or penumbral - that occurs depends both on how much of the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow and through which part of the shadow it passes. A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's outer shadow. This type of eclipse is brief and frequently goes unobserved by all but astronomers. By contrast, total and partial eclipses occur when all or part, respectively, of the Moon passes through the umbra shadow of the Earth. These eclipses are quite easy to see and are widely observed. Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to watch. Solar radiation that occurs during an eclipse of the Sun can cause a form of burns of one's eyes known as eclipse blindness. In fact, the only way to safely view a solar eclipse is by using specially designed equipment. However, since the Moon's light is reflected sunlight, it is completely safe to watch a lunar eclipse without any special equipment, although a pair of binoculars can certainly help the viewer appreciate the beauty of this phenomenon The passage implies that penumbral eclipses are _ .
|
[
"longer-lasting than most solar eclipses",
"more common than partial or full lunar eclipse",
"the result of the shadow cast by the Moon onto the Earth",
"more difficult to observe than other types of lunar eclipse"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A sense of humor is just one of the many things shared by Alfred and Anthony Melillo, 64-year-old twin brothers from East Haven who made history in February 2002. On Christmas Eve, 1992, Anthony had a heart transplant from a 21-year-old donor. Two days before Valentine's Day in 2002, Alfred received a 19-year-old heart, marking the first time on record that twin adults each received heart transplants. "I'm 15 minutes older than him, but now I'm younger because of my heart and I'm not going to respect him," Alfred said with a big smile, pointing to his brother while talking to a roomful of reporters, who laughed frequently at their jokes. While the twins knew that genetics might have played a role in their condition, they recognized that their eating habits might have also contributed to their heart problems. "We'd put half a pound of butter on a steak. I overdid it on all the food that tasted good, so I guess I deserved what I got for not dieting properly." The discussion moved to Anthony's recovery. In the five years since his heart transplant, he had been on an exercise program where he regularly rode a bicycle for five miles, swam each day, and walked a couple of miles. He was still on medication, but not nearly as much as Alfred, who was just in the early stage of his recovery. "Right now I feel pretty young and I'm doing very well," Anthony said. "I feel like a new person." Alfred said his goal, of course, was to feel even better than his brother. But, he added, "I love my brother very much. We're very close and I'm sure we'll do just fine." This article is mainly about _ .
|
[
"the danger of heart transplanting",
"becoming young by getting a new heart",
"the effect of genetics on the heart",
"the twin brothers who received heart transplants"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An average 30-year-old person who has eaten three meals a day since birth has eaten more than 30,000 meals to date. Even if you've only eaten half that much, you have to admit this: you've let some of that breakfast, lunch or dinner go to waste. And it turns out that we're all to blame for this shaming fact: 30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost. That's about 1.3 billion tons, according to a new report by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. That's the weight of more than 8.6 million full-grown blue whales, the largest creatures on earth. That's the weight of more than 2.3 million Airbus A380s, the largest planes in existence. That's as if each person in China, the world's most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people, had one ton mass of food they could just throw into the dustbin. It's almost _ ,isn't it? Setting aside that big number, we find the people with the most money are the ones who waste the most. Per capita( ), European and North American countries waste between 95 and 115 kilograms of food. Sub-Saharan African, South Asian and Southeast Asian countries waste much less -- between 6 and 11 kilograms per person. Here's another statistic: all the food that the world's richest countries waste is about equal to all the food that sub-Saharan Africa produces. The numbers: 222 million tons and 230 million tons, respectively( ). Basically, the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent. And these numbers come as we've just been reporting about rising food prices around the world in the past week. And my own personal tip: if I eat at a restaurant and can't finish it all, I ask for a doggie bag. I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid. There's no reason to waste food. It's up to all of us to use our common sense to eat and shop just a bit more wisely. According to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, how much food do people produce each year in the world?
|
[
"About 3.3 billion tons.",
"About 3.9 billion tons.",
"About 4.3 billion tons.",
"About 5.6 billion tons."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Very hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems and death. Floods, storms and other terrible natural events kill thousands of people every year. And we hear much about them in news reports. We general hear little about heat, which experts say may be nature's most dangerous killer. Health experts say that since the year 1900, very hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year--- the unusually hot summer of 1980 heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in another heat wave in one city----Chicago, Illinois. Besides drinking lots of cool water , doctors say there are some other things to do to protect against the health dangers of heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Wear loose and light--colored clothes. Wear a hat while in the sun. Eat fewer hot and heavy foods. And, when possible, cook foods during cooler time of the day. If possible, rest more often. Health experts say these simple steps can prevent the dangerous health problems caused by heat. They will prevent sickness, help you feel better and may even save your life. Hot weather is common _ .
|
[
"all over the world.",
"in many parts of the world",
"in some parts of the world",
"in a few parts of the world"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you make animals work for us? Some scientists think that one day we can teach animals to do a lot of things for people. In a film shown on TV, you may see elephants, monkeys, tigers or some other animals are always given a little food to eat after they have done something. Scientists say that people can teach many different animals to do some of the easy work if they know they will get something to eat. We all know elephants can carry large logs ,and dogs can look after houses. And we even teach animals to work in factories. In America, for example, people have used to help make cars and scientists think that those large monkeys may drive trains one day. Now people are trying to get them to do the same thing that man does. Scientists are planning to make big monkeys to _ .
|
[
"make trains",
"carry logs",
"drive trains",
"work at school"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Counterfeit medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries. Like other _ , they look like real products. But counterfeit drugs may contain too much, too little or none of the active ingredients of the real thing. People do not get the medicine they need. And in some cases the counterfeits cause death. Twenty children in Bangladesh died last year after being given acetaminophen . The medications contained ingredients that looked, smelled and tasted like the real thing. The medicine was produced by a local drug company that used a dangerous substitute to save money. The problem of counterfeit medicines is especially serious in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The WHO estimates that up to thirty percent of medicines on sale in many of those countries are counterfeits. The problem is less widespread among industrialized countries. The WHO says counterfeits make up less than one percent of the illegal drug market in countries like the United States, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand. But the agency also says as much as fifty percent of the medicine sold on the Internet is counterfeit. Much is being done to fight counterfeit drugs. Several companies are developing ways to make counterfeits easier to identify . And there are existing methods, like a machine that can quickly identify chemicals in pills to confirm if the pills are real. Other ideas include things like special tracking codes for drug packages. People could send a text message with the code and get a message back, which proves that what they bought is listed in a database. Some drug makers and other companies put three-dimensional images called holograms on their products as a security device. Which of the following country may have serious problems of counterfeit medicines?
|
[
"France.",
"America",
"New Zealand",
"India"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do you do if you are hit in the mouth and one of your teeth is knocked out? A dentist may be able to put the tooth back in for you, but you have to get to the dentist first.In the meantime, you have to store the tooth so that it will stay healthy. The simplest thing to do is put the tooth back into your mouth, or you could put it in milk.Frank Courts, a dentist at the University of Florida, worked with other researchers to find the safest way of keeping knocked-out teeth.He tried putting teeth into milk, into water, and into cell-culture medium .He also tried, just drying the teeth in the open air.He used teeth that had to be removed from people's mouths for various reasons.The teeth were put into one of the solutions or stored in the air for one hour.Then cells from the root of the teeth were scraped-off the teeth.Dr.Courts and the others then studied how healthy these cells were. The cell-culture medium worked best to keep a knocked-out tooth healthy outside the mouth.However, few people keep cell-culture medium handy at home or in school. The next best thing was milk.But Dr.Courts said that the best thing of all was to wash the tooth and put it right back into its socket in the mouth.For some people, though, this is just too painful or upsetting.So milk will do, until you get your tooth (and your mouth)to a dentist. This passage is mainly about_.
|
[
"how a dentist can save a knocked-out tooth",
"how to keep a knocked-out tooth healthy",
"how Dr.Courts and other researchers made their experiments",
"how to put a knocked-out tooth back into its socket"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Recently,scientists attending a meeting in Chicago presented new studies showing how food and its production affect global warming.They offered some suggestions for how to eat in a more environmentally friendly way. For many years,scientists have warned us that our planet is getting warmer.If current trends continue,animals may start to die off and life could get very difficult for everyone.The temperature is rising because humans have been releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,which surround the planet and keep heat from escaping.One of these gases is carbon dioxide. Most carbon dioxide we produce comes from the process of making and eating food,the scientists reported in Chicago.The production of meat contributes to a lot of carbon dioxide.And much of meat's contribution comes from beef,which is responsible for releasing even more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The process of making a hamburger,for example,requires a lot of energy.A cow has to be fed and raised,and cow's wastes are a major source of greenhouse gases.After the cow is killed,the meat has to be processed and shipped to a consumer,which takes fuel.And most of the cow won't even be used for meat people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate,it has taken a heavy toll on the environment.It is believed that the process of making a halfpound allbeef burger adds about 19 times the weight of hamburgers in carbon dioxide. The message is clear:We can greatly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by eating less beef.Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environment--at least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released.Nathan Pelletier,a scientist at Dalhousie University in Canada,reported that if everyone in industrial countries ate chicken instead of beef,we would cut the Earth's greenhouse gases by more than half. All kinds of meat,the scientists reported,are harder on the planet than vegetables.To grow and eat a pound of potatoes,for example,sends less than one quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air.So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables may do the world some good. Which of the following statements would Nathan Pelletier agree to?
|
[
"Eating pork and chicken is more environmentally friendly.",
"Meat consumption is the main cause of greenhouse gases.",
"People in industrial countries consume more beef than fish.",
"Eating more beef is a more efficient way to save more energy."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My grandson, Daniel, and I have always been very close. When Daniel's father remarried after a divorce, Daniel, who was eleven, and his little sister, Kristie, came to live with us. My husband and I were more than happy to have kids in the house again. Things were going along just fine until the diabetes I've lived with most of my adult life started affecting my eyes, and then more seriously, my kidneys . Then everything seemed to fall apart. Three times a week, I had to go to the hospital to be hooked up to a dialysis machine . I was living, but I couldn't really call it a life -- it was an existence. I had no energy. I dragged myself through daily chores and slept as much as I could. My sense of humor seemed to disappear. Daniel, seventeen by then, was really affected by the change in me. He tried as hard as he could to make me laugh, to bring back the grandma who loved to clown around with him. Even in my sorry state, Daniel could still bring a smile to my face. But things were not improving. After a year on dialysis, my condition was deteriorating and the doctors felt that if I didn't receive a kidney transplant within six months, I would surely die. No one told Daniel this, but he knew -- he said all he had to do was look after me. To top it off, as my condition worsened, there was a chance that I would become too weak to have the transplant surgery at all, and then there would be nothing they could do for me. So we started the tense and desperate wait for a kidney. I was adamant that I didn't want a kidney from anyone I knew. I would wait until an appropriate kidney became available, or I would literally die waiting. But Daniel had other plans. The time that he took me to my dialysis appointments, he did a little secret research on his own. Then he announced his intention to me. "Grandma, I'm giving you one of my kidneys. I'm young and I'm healthy ..." He paused. He could see I wasn't at all happy with his offer. He continued, almost in whisper, "And most of all, I couldn't stand it if you weren't around." His face wore an expression of appeal mixed with determination. He can be as stubborn as a mule once he decides on something -- but I've been told many times that I can out-stubborn any mule! We argued. I couldn't let him do it. We both knew that if he gave up his kidney, he would also give up his life's dream; to play football. It was all he ever talked about. And he was good, too. Daniel was co-captain and star defensive tackle of his high school team; he expected to apply for a football scholarship and was looking forward to playing college football. He just loved the sport. "How can I let you throw away the thing that means the most to you?" I pleaded with him. "Grandma," he said softly, "compared to your life, football means nothing to me." After that, I couldn't argue anymore. So we agreed to see if he was a good donor match, and then we'd discuss it further. When the tests came back, they showed Daniel was a perfect match. That was it. I knew I wasn't going to win that argument, so we scheduled the transplant. Both surgeries went smoothly. As soon as I came out of the anesthesia , I could tell things were different. I felt great! The nurses in the intensive care unit had to keep telling me to lie back and be quiet -- I wasn't supposed to be that lively! I was afraid to go to sleep, for fear I would break the spell and wake up the way I had been before. But the good feeling didn't go away, and I spent the evening joking and laughing with anyone who would listen. It was so wonderful to feel alive again. The next day they moved me out of ICU and onto the floor where Daniel was recuperating three doors away. His grandfather helped him walk down to see me as soon as I was moved into my room. When we saw each other, we did not know what to say. Holding hands, we just sat there and looked at each other for a long time, overwhelmed by the deep feeling of love that connected us. Finally, he spoke, "Was it worthwhile, grandma?" I laughed a little ruefully . "It was for me! But was it for you?" I asked him. He nodded and smiled at me. "I've got my grandma back." And I have my life back. It still amazes me. Every morning, when I wake up, I thank God --and Daniel -- for this miracle. A miracle born of the purest love. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Grandma got her life back thanks to Daniel's selfless donation.",
"Grandma thought her returning to life was a miracle of pure love.",
"Daniel agreed with grandma that the transplant was worthwhile for her, not for him.",
"Much as he loved football, grandma's life meant the most to Daniel."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I don't think a day goes by when I don't think of my father. He died twenty-one years ago when I was twenty-six. He was a good man , but I hardly saw him around home, for he ran a big company. I secretly wished something could bring him closer to me. It wasn't until he became seriously ill that we really got to know each other and had a place in each other's lives. After his near death and many operations, I was trained as his nurse to take care of him. Although the job seemed boring and tiring in certain people's eyes, I liked it. Taking care of him seemed to reduce the pain of his absence from my younger life. I enjoyed his company and attention and, though through a sad situation, I was finally getting my fill . Now I am a dad myself, but certainly not a _ as my father. Although I work away from my home, I always have my meals with my family. Father's Day is coming I still have the pencil holder made from a decorated tin sitting on my desk. It's a gift from my only son. Each year, the gift is something different and each year, I couldn't care less about the gift itself. You see, the gift I enjoy is the pleasure of my son's company and knowing that we have a place in each other's lives. At heart , all men know their fathers are important. Want a great Father's Day? Tell your dad you love him and give your kid a hug today-before Father's Day actually arrives. When the writer was a kid, _ .
|
[
"his father didn't like him",
"he hoped his father would spend some time with him",
"he was quite satisfied with his family life",
"he had the dream to run a company in the future"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you make animals work for us? Some scientists think that one day we can teach animals to do a lot of things for people. In a film shown on TV, you may see elephants, monkeys, tigers or some other animals are always given a little food to eat after they have done something. Scientists say that people can teach many different animals to do some of the easy work if they know they will get something to eat. We all know elephants can carry large logs ,and dogs can look after houses. And we even teach animals to work in factories. In America, for example, people have used to help make cars and scientists think that those large monkeys may drive trains one day. Now people are trying to get them to do the same thing that man does. Scientists think animals can help people to do something _ .
|
[
"if they know they will get food after doing something.",
"because animals are so clever.",
"if they know the work is easy enough",
"because most animals are friendly to man"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Dale acquired this trait?
|
[
"Dale can cook food over a fire.",
"Dale learned how to build a fire at summer camp."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the mixture.
|
[
"silver and gold",
"sugar"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is this ornamental gourd plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait?
|
[
"ff",
"green fruit"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
You may meet many people in your life. But Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. Over your lifetime, they may influence you more than anyone else you will meet. Moms and Dads need to care for their kids every day. Most parents will do _ as long as they live. There are many ways to stay close, to get along well and to build a strong relationship with your parents. Here are some of them: Spend time together. Don't play computer games or watch TV alone. Ask your mom and dad to play with you. Go outside together, or do some reading. Be kind. Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad. You can give your parents a happy day with a card or a joke. It's also lovely when a kid cleans up his or her room without being asked. And if you try not fight with your brothers or sisters, your parents will be so happy. Do your best at whatever you do. You don't have to be the best, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud . It makes them happy to see how you are turning into a good kid. Why? Because it lets them know they are doing a good job. Which of the following can make your parents happy?
|
[
"Give them a card .",
"Play a joke with them.",
"Clean the room yourself.",
"All of the above."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Gary investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?",
"Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?",
"Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Everyone who has eaten instant noodles before knows how it looks like. It is very easy to cook it instantly by putting the noodles into the boiling water and add in those MSG packets, together with your other ingredients like eggs or vegetables. However, have you ever wondered whether this is the correct way of cooking it? When you first took out the noodles from the packaging, you will notice that the noodles are joined together nicely as a piece. In order to make the noodles joined together nicely side by side, it needs some form of wax coating to achieve an attractive instant noodles in front of us. Many people who enjoy eating instant noodles frequently do not really bother too much of it, as it seems very normal to everyone to have it nicely displayed in front of us. However, researches have shown that the layer of wax coating on the noodles is quite harmful to our body and we should not eat it too frequently. It is advisable to have a break of 2-3 days before we start to eat another packet of instant noodles as our body need about 3 days to clear that layer of wax coating away from our body system. Do you know the danger of having too much wax coating stored in our stomach? It will lead to CANCER if it is stored in our body system for a long period of time. There are 2 keys points to take note while preparing instant noodles: 1) Wash the instant noodles with warm water first, stir it and pour away the water containing the wax coating. 2) Repeat Step 1 and try to stir the noodles again to wash away the wax coating on the noodles before cooking it in a new pot of water. Hope this article will let more people have self-awareness of the hidden danger of instant noodles and thus eat safely and stay healthy. Many people don't care about too much of the wax coating on the instant noodles because _ .
|
[
"They enjoy the taste of the wax coating",
"They take the wax coating for granted",
"They don't know the hidden danger at all",
"They can consume it faster than other people"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person can create the most friction by rolling a ball over
|
[
"glass",
"gravel",
"ice",
"marble"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Delilah put a container of water in the freezer and left it there overnight. The next morning she saw that the water in the container had changed to ice. Which of the following statements best explains why the water changed to ice?
|
[
"The water gained energy.",
"The water absorbed light.",
"Mass was released from the water.",
"Heat was taken away from the water."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The mountain chorus frog is an endangered species in Maryland. In addition to the loss of habitat, what most likely caused this frog population to decline?
|
[
"an increase in a food source",
"more frog breeding grounds",
"native wetlands preservation",
"poisons dissolved in the water"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The son of a Lutheran pastor, Albert Schweitzer was born in a small village in Alsace, then part of Germany.By age 29, Schweitzer had already authored three books and made landmark scholarly contributions in the fields of music, religion, and philosophy.He was an acclaimed organist, a world authority on Bach, a church pastor, a head of a theological seminary , and a university professor with two doctoral degrees. At the age of 30, aware of the desperate medical needs of Africans, he decided to become a doctor and devote the rest of his life to direct service in Africa. In 1913, at the age of 38, Dr.Schweitzer and his wife, Helene, opened a hospital in Lambarene, Gabon- then a province of French Equatorial Africa.Not even serious setbacks of World War I, part of which he and Helene spent as prisoners of war in France, _ him from continuing commitment to his job. In 1915,troubled daily by the vast numbers of suffering patients coming to his hospital for help, he experienced as a revelation the idea of "Reverence for Life" as the elementary and universal principle of ethics that he had been seeking for so long. By stressing the interdependence and unity of all life, he was a forerunner of the environmental and animal welfare movements - Rachel Carson dedicated Silent Spring to him. In 1952, at the age of 77, Schweitzer was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. During the last twelve years of his life, his speeches and writings emphasized the dangers of atmospheric nuclear test explosions and the suicidal nuclear arms race between the superpowers. After retiring as a practicing doctor, Albert Schweitzer continued to oversee the hospital until his death at the age of 90. To the end, his one frustration was that he had not succeeded in convincing the world to abolish nuclear weapons. He and his wife are buried on the Hospital grounds in Lambarene. Why did Albert Schweitzer decide to be a doctor?
|
[
"The hospitals were in great need of Africans then.",
"At that time doctors were in great need in Africa.",
"He and his wife wanted to open a hospital in Africa.",
"He hoped to stop the world using nuclear weapons."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the fish.
|
[
"spotted dolphin",
"western toad",
"Hermann's tortoise",
"whale shark"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which would stretch more?
|
[
"cotton head band",
"wax crayons"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Complete the sentence.
A can of soda fizzing over is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A drain cleaner consists of sodium hydroxide and aluminum. When the drain cleaner is added to water, bubbles of hydrogen are produced, and the solution becomes very hot. Which of these best describes what happens to form the bubbles when the cleaner is added to water? F
|
[
"chemical reaction",
"Condensation",
"A physical change",
"Evaporation"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Warm water freezes more quickly than cold water. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him until 1970. In that year a Canadian scientist George Kill proved the English professor was right. Dr Kill filled an open oil pail with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He put both in the same low temperature. The warm water froze first. The lack of covers on the pails is the secret. Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water even though it had a greater temperature drop to make. What Sir Francis Bacon said was right, but people didn't believe him until _ .
|
[
"late in the 19th century",
"early in the 20th century",
"three years ago",
"late in the 20th century"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does school start too early? Judging from the teenagers who yawn in class, it does. And those students aren't just lazy. Scientific studies have shown that school does start too early for young students. According to a series of studies done across the U.S., the later classes begin, the more academic performance improves. Boys and girls naturally stay up later and sleep in later. The trend begins around age 13 or 14 and peaks between 17 and 19.The teens also need more sleep in general, so forcing them to be up early for school cuts into their sleep time as well as their sleep rhythm, making them less ready to learn during those first-period classes. Practice is proving the science. Hundreds of school districts in the U.S. have experimented with later start times and the academic performance of students has improved as a result. A study of 9,000 high school students in three states showed that grades in science, math, English and social studies all rose when school began at 8:35 or later. What's more, attendance goes up and student depression goes down. The later school starts, the better the result, too. According to a study, delaying the opening bell from 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. paid off more than delaying only until 8:00 a.m. Students who get at least eight hours of sleep, and preferably nine, perform better than those who do not, so a greater delay raises the chances of achieving those numbers. So, it turns out morning class is just too early for students to learn chemistry equations or study an ancient poem. If you cannot change the school schedule, adjusting your own timetable to ensure eight hours' sleep can also help you perform better at school. According to the article, students can obtain relatively enough sleep by _ .
|
[
"changing the sleep rhythm",
"changing the opening bell",
"adjusting their own schedule",
"sleeping as late as possible"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What safety rule is most important for students to follow when working with acids and bases?
|
[
"wear nose plugs",
"put on safety goggles",
"put away all lab supplies",
"wear heavy cloth gloves"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new graph has revealed exactly how long you'11 need to sweat it out in the gym to neutralize swallowing a favorite fast food. While eating fried chicken, pizza and burgers will all entail a gym session of over an hour doing cardio or lifting weights, women have it far harder than men and must work extra hard to banish calorie-packed meals. After a classic McDonald's favorite, the Big Mac, men would need to do 42 minutes of cardio or 57 minutes of weightlifting. As for women, fifty one minutes of cardio would help counter the 24 grams of fat in a Big Mac---over a quarter of the recommended daily allowance - --or an hour and eight minutes of weightlifting. However, the 450g Tesco chocolate cake was by far the worst offender. Clocking in at a whopping 1,710 calories and 90 grams of fat, only a hardcore gym session is going to shift the calories you've absorbed from this dessert. The average woman would have to lift weights for almost four hours to work off the calories in this cake. Comparatively a chocolate bar seems healthy, with 237 calories which would take 25 minutes for the average woman to run off. Alternatively you could spend thirty three minutes doing weightlifting exercises. Men will have to complete 40 minutes of cardio and 53 minutes of weightlifting while women will have to complete 48 minutes of cardio and 64 minutes of weightlifting against the calories in French fries. The fat of the recommended daily allowance for women is _ grams.
|
[
"18",
"20",
"24",
"30"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a passenger airplane?
|
[
"47 tons",
"47 ounces",
"47 pounds"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How do Remora get their food?
|
[
"catch it",
"scavenge",
"hunt",
"steal"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of armos?
|
[
"4 fluid ounces",
"4 gallons",
"4 cups"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
James got up at five to seven. His parents and his little twin sisters went traveling in France and he had to look after himself at home. He opened the fridge, but he found only two hamburgers in it. He decided to have breakfast in the restaurant at the other side of the street. He sat at a table and the waiter came up and said, "Can I take your order , James?" "But you don't show your menu to me, Mr. Hunt," said the boy. "Oh, sorry! I forget it. Here it is." James looked at the menu carefully. It was: Bread $1.30 Sandwich $1.80 Hamburger $2.40 Pizza $2.40Egg $0.30 Milk $0.50 Coffee $0.70 Coke $0.30 James brought out his wallet and found there was only 6.50 dollars in it. "Well," said Mr. Hunt. "What about a hamburger, a pizza, two eggs and a glass of coke?" "Oh, no," said the boy. "I'll buy a picture-book this afternoon. It's 1.50 dollars." "I see," said the waiter. And then he brought the boy a nice breakfast. James hoped to pay _ dollars for his breakfast.
|
[
"5.00",
"1.50",
"6.50",
"3.50"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a thing is living, it will require
|
[
"noxious foods for illness",
"energetic mutation of limbs",
"a source of happiness",
"a source of nutriment"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which result of global warming will most negatively affect coastal residents in Maryland?
|
[
"loss of shore land",
"erosion of mountains",
"decrease in average temperature",
"increase in the size of the polar ice caps"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Ten grams of sugar is dissolved in 100 grams (g) of water. How many grams is the sugar-and-water solution?
|
[
"90 g",
"100 g",
"110 g",
"1000 g"
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone's at it,even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal. So,I decided to try my hand at online auction . Buying for beginners:Sign up on _ . Most items(e.g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description;others may be marked with "Buy It Now" and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away. If the item is being auctioned,you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid,then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item. How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal,an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card . Selling made simple:If you plan to sell on eBay,it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction,starting on a Thursday. This way, buyers had two weekends to bid. The big things in life:It' s easy to post a small item,but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen . Check the ways of delivery before you bid. The easiest way of making payment mentioned in the passage is _
|
[
"through an online payment system",
"through a local banking system",
"by sending the money to the seller",
"by paying the deliveryman directly"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I was sleeping soundly last night when I was awakened by someone's groans .I listened , and heard it was from Sam,a student from Africa. I really wanted to go on sleeping, as I had insomnia and had just fallen asleep, but I couldn't because Sam groaned louder and louder,showing he was seriously ill. At that time , Robbie,a student from China , also got up to help. We found some pills,got some water , and helped him sit up to take them, hoping this would make his pain go down a little and get over the difficult time. If only daytime would come soon, everything would become easier. Things went contrary)to our wishes. Sam's condition developed from bad to worse. We telephoned the emergency service , and in no time an ambulance stopped in front of our gate. We helped the medical workers carry Sam to the vehicle,and then both Robbie and I got in and took Sam to the hospital. We helped him go through many medical examinations. After all kinds of tests,we were told that the final diagnosis was appendicitis . Luckily , Sam didn't need an operation because we brought him to the hospital in time. He got timely treatment. After Sam felt much better , we rushed back to prepare ourselves for the class. We were a little tired , but we had certainly done something good,something right. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Sam , Robbie and the writer lived in the same room.",
"Sam was feeling very well after taking some pills.",
"Robbie and the writer also went to the hospital.",
"Robbie and the writer didn't sleep after they came back from the hospital."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak , they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that _ .
|
[
"they look like young cuckoos",
"they have claws on the wings",
"they eat a lot like a cow",
"they live on river banks"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Let's go down one more, push your enter key..." says a volunteer helping senior citizens work a web session on the Inter-net. David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elderly. He gets them wired to the Internet. " If you hit your enter key, it will bring up this particular e-mail..." Pauline Allen is one of those who has started using the Internet," I thought I was through with life, I was ready for a rocking chair, because I was 86 years old. And I haven't found the rocking chair yet. " " You found the keyboard?" asks the reporter. " That's right, I found the keyboard. " The average age of Lansdale's students is around 68. All are in nursing or assisted care homes. He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web. David Lansdale says," Here they are in California, the family was back in New York, the opportunity to connect, to cross the time and space, was incredibly precious (valuable) to them. " "I hear you are so beautiful. " Lillian Sherly writes an e-mail to a newborn great granddaughter. Working with one another, the senior learn as a group. They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized :loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and loss of memory. Mary Harvey says," Bingo just doesn't interest me. But this does, believe me, this does. " Ninety-four-year-old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor. She says," When I send a letter to my grandchildren, and great grandchildren, they hang it up in their offices, just like I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator. Ha, ha. " David Lansdale says," There's a collective benefit. There is an element of treatment. Remember we started as a support group. " Dixon Moorehouse says,"I just wish I was 15 years old and getting to learn all this. " The senior calls their weekly meetings Monday Night Live. And many say the meetings have given them new life. Ruth Hyman says," Three years ago, they told me I wasn't going to live. But I showed them, and got work, and I've worked ever since. How many examples does the writer give to prove that the senior enjoy the Internet?
|
[
"Four.",
"Five.",
"Six.",
"Seven."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do you like most when you can get one of such things: freedom, true friends, love, honesty and so on? Here are some choices of students: Chen Cheng, 14, Jiangsu: I think I need a true friend. I had some friends before. However, it seemed that they didn't treat me well. I told them my secrets but they didn't share theirs with me. What's worse, they told my secrets to others, which made me very unhappy. I hope to find a true lifelong friend who can share happiness and sadness with me and keep my secrets. Gan Xiaoning 14, Heilongjiang: Freedom is what I want most. I am a bird in two cages. In school, I have to follow the school's rules and listen to teachers. At home, my parents don't allow me to do what I like, either. I have to do everything that they tell me to do: study, study and study some more. So, freedom is the only thing I really want! Yuan Siyu, 15, Guangxi: I am a boy from a poor family. My father works very hard but only makes a little money every month to support the family. I want to go to a key university so that I can find a good job in the future. Then, I can _ enough money to get my family out of poverty and offer my parents a happy life. Qu Yi, 15, Hebei: I want a complete family. My parents got divorced three years ago. Since then, I have had no chance to be together with both of them any more. Now, I am living with my mom and get her love, but I also want my dad's love. I am envious of my classmates who live with their parents. So, I would have a complete family if I could. What is not mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"freedom",
"love",
"a true friend",
"hobby"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?
|
[
"Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.",
"Some of the energy of the car was destroyed.",
"The amount of kinetic energy increased.",
"The amount of useful energy increased."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
WASHINGTON -- Patients with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, often develop vitamin deficiencies . A new study has found that giving these patients a multivitamin with a mineral supplement helps to fight the disease and slows the disease's progression. Sub-Saharan Africa has always been the center of the AIDS. In Botswana, despite aggressive prevention campaigns, one out of every four adults is infected with HIV. Professor Marianna Baum based her latest research there. Baum recruited almost 900 newly infected adults who had not yet received the anti-AIDS drugs that target the virus. These adults were then divided into groups that randomly received different combinations of vitamins B, C and E, the mineral selenium or a placebo . Most patients with HIV become deficient in these vitamins, which help improve immunity . Baum said she initially thought the multivitamins alone or selenium alone would be effective in strengthening the immune system, but found that incorrect. "We were surprised to find that only the combination was effective," said Baum. Research shows that when people with HIV receive anti-retroviral drugs shortly after infection, they can remain healthy and are less likely to pass the virus to others. For many countries, however, the cost of these anti-AIDS drugs is still prohibitive. Baum said the vitamin and mineral combination treatment should help low income countries better control the virus. "A simple multivitamin supplementation with selenium provided early in HIV disease can actually slow the HIV disease progression and it is safe. It is low cost and it should be provided very early in HIV infection," said Baum. Baum said the supplements are not meant to replace anti-retroviral therapy, but can help those who cannot obtain the drugs. Dr. Anthony Fauci, a world famous expert on AIDS, disagrees. "I haven't read the paper, but having taken care of HIV-infected individuals for three decades, I would doubt that vitamins are going to have a major effect on stopping the virus," said Fauci. Fauci said vitamin and mineral supplements may make a patient generally healthier, but the only thing that truly works to stop HIV is anti-retroviral treatment. Baum's study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Where is the passage probably taken?
|
[
"a scientific report",
"a newspaper",
"a school textbook",
"a science fiction"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Convection is caused by uneven what?
|
[
"freezing",
"warmness distribution",
"frosting",
"icing"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a sofa?
|
[
"7 feet",
"7 yards"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Growing thicker fur in the winter helps some animals to
|
[
"hide from danger",
"attract a mate",
"find food",
"keep warm"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If many birds in the area are killed the ecosystem may become overcrowded with
|
[
"chickens",
"insects",
"cats",
"birds"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple . The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1966, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves. The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world's best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple. In nutrition it was all good news too. This nice tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a _ in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte's attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out the market. Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?
|
[
"It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.",
"It was less sweet and good for health.",
"It was developed by Del Monte.",
"It was used as medicine."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some trees can survive a long time without water. Think of trees that grow in the desert. But other trees may need more moisture than they can get from rainfall or from the air . Trees and other plants can look thirsty. Leaves can become weak and hang downward. They can also turn yellow. Yellowing can be a sign of too much water. But it can also be a warning sign of too little water. With a newly planted tree, the roots have not yet spread out from the root ball. The root ball can become dry faster than the dirt around it. So put water on the area of the root ball and the surrounding soil until the roots become established. Once a tree is well established, water deeply instead of watering often. The amount of water needed depends on the tree and the soil. Clay soils hold water for longer periods while sandy soil holds less water. During the hottest season, a deep watering may satisfy a tree for anywhere from ten days to four weeks. Ted Swiecki is a plant scientist . He says people should not water established trees at the base of the trunk . This can harm the tree. Too much water in the soil at the base of a tree can lead to the growth of fungi . If the area is too wet, harmful organisms have a better chance to invade the tree and cause disease. Mr. Swiecki says this is true especially in Mediterranean and semi-dry climates. Many trees in these climates have adapted to having a dry area near their base during the hottest season. He said, "Water displaces (,)air in the soil. And roots are aerobic ; they require oxygen for the soil to function properly. So if you keep the soil completely wet and there's no air there, then the roots are starving for oxygen." What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"It introduces to us different kinds of trees",
"It instructs us how to water trees correctly",
"It teaches us how to tell whether a tree needs water",
"It analyses why different trees need different amounts of water"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
LONDON--Manchester is Britain's fattest city, a survey for "Men's Health" has found, beating Glasgow for the first time since the magazine started examining the issue three years ago. Editor Pete Muir said the survey had looked at a variety of factors from gym membership to heart disease rates to find the fattest city. "Manchester has more fast food restaurants than anywhere else in the UK," he told Reuters. "People are taking the easy choice --eating and then just sitting in front of the TV." Manchester's problem is part of a wider trend . On Thursday, the Office of National Statistics (ONS) blamed a lack of exercise and poor diet for a fifth of adult Britons being obese . "Obesity is a major risky factor related to heart disease, diabetes and premature death ," said an ONS survey. "None of the 108 young men in the survey reported eating five portions of fruit or vegetables on average each day." In Manchester, the head of the city's public health programs said he did not believe that they were necessarily the fattest city, but that they did have problems and were aiming to address them. Social deprivation was a major factor. "One of the myths is that the stressed-out rich businessman is the one who is overweight," David Regan told Reuters. "In fact, it is the poor areas that have the most problems. We aim not to be the fattest but the fittest city but we have a long way to go." Second in the survey is Stoke-on-Trent, followed by Liverpool, Swansea and Leicester. Glasgow is sixth. David Regan is most probably _ .
|
[
"the reporter from Reuters",
"an official of ONS",
"the head of Manchester's public health programs",
"a rich businessman who is overweight"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
knitting yarn into a scarf
dew appearing on grass in the morning
|
[
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the pressure of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People occupied in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at two-hour intervals throughout the period of wakefulness, it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because _ .
|
[
"body temperature is higher when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates",
"body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back",
"the temperature reverses when the routine is changed",
"people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
*Basic Study Manual Hardcover: $ 37.50 Future success depends on the ability to learn. Here are the answers to the questions most often asked by parents, teachers, business trainers and by students themselves. Read this book and learn: * What the three barriers to study are - and what to do about them * What to do if you get tired of a subject you are studying * Twenty-six simple drills to help you learn how to study easily, rapidly and with full understanding * Buy and read the Basic Study Manual and use it to dramatically improve your ability to study. *Study Skills for Life Hardcover: $31.99 L. Ron Hubbard's study technology for teenagers opens the door to their future success by giving them the ability to study and learn. Fully illustrated for easy comprehension. * Learning How to Learn Hardcover: $24.99 The basics of effective study for 8-to 12-year olds, fully illustrated. Children who read and apply the materials in this book regain their liking for study and their ability to apply this knowledge in life. Get this book for a child you want to see win at his studies! * How to Use a Dictionary Picture Book for Children Hardcover: $34.90 In spite of billions of dollars spent on "educational research," children are not taught the most basic skills of learning, even the most basic of these: how to use a dictionary. In fact, a search of educational books for children found not one that told them how to use a dictionary -or that one should. Written for children 8 to 12-year old, this fully illustrated book will teach your child: * How to find words in a dictionary * The different ways that words are used * What the different marks and symbols that are used in a dictionary mean * How to use a dictionary to correctly pronounce words Includes a section for parents and teachers showing you how to use this book with children. Buy this book and give it to your children to unlock their education. What's more, you'll just pay 50% for it before May 1, 2008. If you buy the four books on April 1, 2008, you will have to pay _ for the four books.
|
[
"$129.38",
"$111.93",
"$64.69",
"$34.90"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
baking an apple pie
using polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Lena can ride a motorcycle.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
From furniture to jewelry, from the medical industry to civil engineering,three--dimensional printing can turn all sorts of ideas into objects. "I wanted to print large objects such as buildings,"said Behrokh Khoshnevis,professor of the University of Southern California.He planned to construct a house in 24 hours by applying 3D printing techniques,but he admitted there would be difficulties in meeting his goal. "For example,if you run out of ink while printing on paper,you will throw that paper away.But you cannot throw half completed buildings away if your material gets stuck,"he said.Although the printed house is not available to visit,there is a chance for people in Shanghai to see items printed in 3D. The Belgium-based company Materialize NV is currently holding a 3D printing exhibition in Shanghai that started in late 2012 and will continue until the middle of this year.The company is eager to show Asia what is possible with 3D printing. "All the pieces shown here are what cannot be made through traditional techniques. A good example of this customization is hearing aids More than l0 million people already use 3D printed hearing aids.all made according to the size of their ear."said Wim Michiels, executive vice-president at Materialise NV. "You can produce anything whenever and wherever you like.You don't need to set-up production lines for pieces that only need a limited amount of product.Setting up a production Line is a tot of work, takes a long time and is very expensive for a limited number of pieces" said Michiels. Kim Francois,managing director of Matcrialise China,said their European and American clients have at ready made the next step toward additive manufacturing with small-series production such as hearing aids. According to the text,3D printing is suitable for_.
|
[
"mass production",
"making small items",
"small series production",
"reducing production costs"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Starting the day on an egg could keep your blood pressure under control, research suggests. Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful blood pressure-lowering drugs. The research, from the University of Alberta in Canada, showed that when eggs come in contact with stomach enzymes they produce a protein that acts in the same way as _ , but more work is needed to show the effects outside a lab and in the human body. Earlier this month, British researchers declared that, contrary to popular beliefs, it is healthy to go to work on an egg.They concluded that the type of cholesterol found in eggs has little effect on increasing heart disease risks. Researcher Professor Bruce Griffin, from the University of Surrey, said: "The wrong beliefs linking egg eating to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected.The amount of fat in our diet has an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the ly small amounts of cholesterol found in eggs.The UK public do not need to be limiting the number of eggs they eat.They can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature's most nutritious foods." The British Heart Foundation dropped its three-egg-a-week limit in 2005.However, almost half of Britons believe the limit still applies. The text is meant _ .
|
[
"to introduce scientific findings about eggs",
"to introduce a medicine made from eggs",
"to tell people how to lower their blood pressure",
"to advise people to eat as many eggs as possible"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One 7.0 kg bowling ball is lifted to a storage shelf 1.0 m above the floor. A second 7.0 kg ball is lifted to a storage shelf 2.0 m above the floor. Which of the following best explains why the measured force of gravity on each ball is nearly identical?
|
[
"The final potential energy of each ball increased.",
"The amount of work required to lift each ball is identical.",
"The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.",
"The gravitational force of each ball on the other cancels out the force of Earth's gravity."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Perhaps you have seen them on the playground, at preschool drop-off or piano lessons, or even in TV shows like Up All Night. They are the stay-at-home dads, and lately, it seems they're everywhere. The latest research shows that 32 percent of dads regularly care for their children, and among those with preschool-age kids, one in five dads is the primary caregiver. In families where mom works, that figure rises to nearly one in three. Stay-at-home dads have become so common that even toy makers like Mattel are catering to them. A recent study finds that today's full-time fathers aren't trying to be "Mr. Moms". Instead, they're carving out their own unique roles as parents. I spoke with some experienced stay-at-home dads, who agreed that their parenting styles are different. "I do let the kids take more risks on the playground, while my wife tends to get nervous that they'll fall and hurt themselves," says Kyle, 38, an artist. Besides, as there are more and more stay-at-home dads, they are turning to each other for support. They have created Meet Up groups and held Dads Nights Out. Kyle admits he had noticed a change recently. "Several years ago, I was checking out at a store with the kids, and the cashier was very curious why I was buying food instead of my wife. I told her that I was a full-time dad, and she commented, 'Wow, I have never met one of you before.' Now, my next-door neighbor is a dad who works from home and we often trades off watching the kids after school. " As for my own husband, although he admits that being a full-time dad is encouraging, he's also proud of the strong bond with our daughter, which will offer her benefits that last for years. Children wit caring dads tend to have higher intelligence and more confidence, and do better in school. They also are less likely to experience depression or get into trouble, and have better social skills. Children with full-time dads are more likely to be _ .
|
[
"smart and positive.",
"energetic and brave",
"sociable and patient.",
"confident and careful."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Sleep-disordered breathing" is a term for a group of conditions that can interfere with nornlal breathing while people sleep.These include snoring,mouth-breathing and sleep apnea .Sleep-disordered breathing can do more than just leave people feeling tired the next day.It can also affect people's health.In children the effects can include behavioral and emotional problems. In a new study.1ed by Karen Bonuck at the Einstein College of Medicine.researchers asked parents about their children's breathing from when they were babies up to about age seven.The study finds sleep-disordered breathing is associated with a fifty percent increase in outcomes including hyperactivity ,aggressiveness and problems relating to other children. Ms.Bonuck says the more serious the breathing problems,the more serious the behavioral issues were likely to be.Other studies have:linked sleep with children's behavior,but this study was extensive enough to:reject other possible causes. How well do you sleep?A popular belief is that sleep gets worse with age.But. in another new study,those who reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep were people in their eighties. Researchers did a telephone survey of American aduhs.Michael Grandner at the University of Pennsylvania medical school says the original goal was to confirm that aging is connected with increased sleep problems.The survey did find an increase during middle age,worse in women than men.But except for that,people reported that their sleep quality improved as they got older.At least they felt it did. Mr.Grandner says."Even if sleep among older Americans is actually worse than in younger adults,feelings about it still improve with age." In the study,health problems and depression were linked with poor sleep.But,based on the study.Mr.Grandner says older people who are not sick or depressed should be reporting better sleep."If they're not.they need to talk to their doctor."he says.He says heahtlh care providers generally dismiss sleep complaints from older adults as a normal part of aging. Sleep-disordered breathing makes it hard for people to have _ while sleeping.
|
[
"mouth-breathing",
"snoring",
"sleep apnea",
"normal breathing"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two fish. Which fish was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a fish that moved 5kilometers in 10hours",
"a fish that moved 30kilometers in 10hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Jeremiah noticed a plant had many missing leaves and large holes in other leaves. Why do missing leaves hurt the plant?
|
[
"The plant makes less food.",
"The plant takes in less water.",
"The plant attracts fewer insects.",
"The plant does not have support."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the least thermal energy?
|
[
"a 3-kilogram brick at a temperature of 0°F",
"a 3-kilogram brick at a temperature of 120°F",
"a 3-kilogram brick at a temperature of 90°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Watch a baby between six and nine months old,and you will observe the basic idea of geometry being learned.Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional ,it reaches out and begins grasping various things,that the ideas of sets and numbers are formed.So far,so good.But now an _ development takes place.The nerver fibers in the brain separate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very exactly.Soon it picks up language.And it is then brought into direct communication with grown-ups.From this point on,it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics,because the child now becomes exposed to all the rubbish words and beliefs of the born.Nature,having done very well by the child to this point,having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months,now gives it up to the unreasonable conventions and beliefs of society.But at least the child knows something of geometry and peaceful days,no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on.The main reservoir of mathematical ability in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old,children who have just learned to speak freely. According to the passage,which of the following activities would teach a baby about geometry?
|
[
"Picking up a wooden block.",
"Recognizing the number 2.",
"Saying a rubbish word.",
"Looking at a distant word."
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
_ In order to reduce air pollution and oilshortages, automobile manufacturers have announced their plans to develop hybrid vehicles for the Chinese market. Toyota's hybrid car Prius will be ready to drive in China this week. Let's have a look at the new car. Any vehicle is a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars run off a rechargeable battery and gasoline. Hybrid cars have special engines, which are smaller than traditional gasoline engines. They run at 99 percent of their power when the car is cruising . A specially designed battery motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration is needed. Step into a Prius, and turn on the engine. The first thing you notice is how much quieter it is than a traditional car. At this point, the car's gasoline engine is dormant . The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24 km/h. If you stay at a low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no waste gas gives off. The onboard computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24 km/h, when you step on the gas pedal , you are actually telling the computer how fast you want to go. The electronic motor recharges automatically using a set of batteries. When driving at high speed, the gasoline engine not only powers the car, but also charges the batteries. Any time you use the brake, the electric motor in the wheels will work like a generator and produce electricity to recharge the batteries. As a consequence, the car's batteries will last for around 200,000 miles. The first sentence probably refers to _ .
|
[
"there will be more and more green land in China",
"China is still young and lacking experience",
"China's new cars are combinations of different green models",
"China has started producing environmentally friendly cars"
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Intel Science Talent Search is the top science competition for high school students in the US. The 40 finalists were honored in Washington last week. They met with scientists and politicians. President Obama welcomed them to the White House. These 40 students were selected from almost 2,000 contestants nationwide. They had to present original research to be judged by professional scientists. The students showed their research projects on large posters. The winners were announced on March 15th, 2011. Wendy Hawkins is executive director of the Intel Foundation, who says the 40 finalists represented excellence across many areas of science. Selena Li is from Fair Oaks, California. She wanted to find a more effective treatment for liver cancer. She began her research four years ago. A scientist at the University of California, Davis, taught her how to design and do experimental work in the laboratory. Ms. Li placed 5th in the Intel Science Talent Search and was awarded 30,000 dollars. Scott Boisvert lives near Phoenix, Arizona. He began using a laboratory at the University of Arizona at the age of 14. Over four years, he completed a project studying a fungus linked to the decrease in amphibians around the world. He was trying to find out if different chemicals and substances in the water could kill the fungus. He collected and tested water samples across Arizona. He says, "My results were able to identify a list of chemicals that were significant in the growth and in the movement of the fungus." He placed10th in the Intel competition and was awarded 20,000 dollars. Evan O'Dorney of Danville, California, won the top award of 100,000 dollars in this year's Intel Science Talent Search. For his mathematical project, he compared two ways to estimate the square root of an integer , a number with no fractional parts. Wendy Hawkins at the Intel Foundation says these young people represent the next generation of scientists who will help shape America's future. The Wendy Hawkins's attitude to these 40 finalists is _ .
|
[
"critical",
"negative",
"positive",
"mixed"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these is true when a piece of wood is completely burned in a fire?
|
[
"The change in the wood is reversible.",
"The energy in the wood is destroyed.",
"The change in the wood is physical.",
"The energy in the wood is transformed."
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many parents worry that their children's eating habits may not be good enough to stay healthy. Some children ask for the same food over and over again, some may refuse to try anything new, and some may keep asking for snacks . Therefore, having healthy eating habits becomes one of the most important lessons a child needs to learn. Most parents struggle with managing good eating habits and nutrition for their children. Parents should make a plan for their children's nutritional needs. Start your child's day with a good breakfast. Breakfast is necessary to provide the nutrition for an active day. Studies show that children do better in study when they begin a day with a good breakfast. Allow your child to help you plan and prepare a meal. He will be glad to eat foods that he has helped to put on the table. The mealtime environment has a lot to do with how your child will feel about food. Try to serve your meals at the same place at the same time of a day. Keep the meal itself as the main event and leave the toys and television for later use. Snacks are also important. We can give our body and brain energy by eating snacks between meals. Children are often hungriest in the afternoon after school and in the evening. Offer snacks at regular time between meals. This way, your child won't refuse a meal because he knows a snack is soon to follow. More importantly, when offering snacks, you should be careful with what to choose. To help their children form healthy eating habits, parents _ .
|
[
"should encourage their children to eat more often at school",
"can ask the children to help with meal planning and preparation",
"must make the mealtime environment as quiet as possible",
"should serve some snacks while having a meal"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Classes for foreign students at all levels 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year course Open all year Small class (maximum 12 students) Library, language laboratory and listening center Accommodation with selected families 25 minutes from London Course fees for English for one year are PS1, 380, with reduction for shorter periods of study. Lincoln College of English _ .
|
[
"is at the centre of London",
"lies far away from London",
"takes in foreign students, from beginners to the advanced",
"accepts students only at the beginning of the year"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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