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and other directions needed by the Guest to access and stay at the Villa in good time before the Guest's stay and ensure the Guest can access the Villa easily and promptly at arrival.
8.16 The Supplier must advise Guests of any intended building works, refurbishments or withdrawal of any facilities at the Villa, or anything else which might affect the Supplier's proper provision of the Villa to the Guest as soon as these details are known and make adequate alternative arrangements if necessary to accommodate Guests in accommodation of an equal or higher standard, and/or compensate Guests as necessary, all additional costs to be borne by the Supplier.
8.17 It is the Supplier's responsibility to deal with complaints made by Guests relating to the Villa and/or the Guest' stay and in the event TVC receives any such complaint from a Guest it will be forwarded on to the Supplier to deal with. TVC shall not deal with any such complaint on behalf of either the Supplier or the Guest and will not arbitrate between the Supplier and Guest should either party refuse to deal with the other. However, TVC reserves the right to request details of any such complaint from either party for the purposes of monitoring Guest complaints and quality assurance. The rates offered to the Guest must include all taxes, charges, dues, fees, utilities and all other sums of whatever nature which relate to the Villa.
8.18 The Villa must at all times be offered and available to Guests with vacant possession, unless otherwise expressly agreed with the Guest.
8.19 All facilities and amenities included as part of the Villa Listing must be in good working order and free to use unless otherwise expressly stated on the Villa Listing.
8.20 The Villa must provide enough proper beds in accordance with the 'sleeps up to' Villa Listing figure and sofa beds, camp beds and suchlike are not acceptable.
8.21 The Supplier agrees that it shall not discriminate against any Guest or potential Guest on the basis of sex, race, religion or sexuality and the Supplier must not refuse any booking on this basis. If TVC suspects any Supplier of discriminating against a Guest or potential Guest for any such reason, TVC reserves the right to terminate this Agreement without liability or notice to the Supplier.
9. TVC's Liability
9.1 The Supplier accepts that TVC cannot ensure that the Villa Listing is visible in all browsers and versions of these browsers. TVC shall use its reasonable endeavours to ensure that the Villa Listing is visible in the most commonly used internet browsers.
9.2 TVC does not guarantee the success of any Villa Listing published on the Website and does not guarantee that the Supplier will receive any enquiries or bookings from Guests, and the Supplier accepts that TVC shall have no liability in this respect. Villas will generally be listed by price, however TVC does not guarantee the placing of the Villa Listing in any specific location on the Website or the ranking of the Villa Listing on the Website or in any search results on the Website.
9.3 In no event shall TVC be responsible for interruptions in the operations of, or access to, the Website resulting from events or circumstances beyond TVC's control.
9.4 Without prejudice to any other provision in this Agreement, TVC's entire liability to the Supplier arising out of or in connection with these Terms & Conditions, including without limitation breach of contract, misrepresentation (except where fraudulently made) and tort (including negligence but subject to clause 9.7), is limited to the Membership Fee and Referral Fees paid by the Supplier under these Terms & Conditions in the preceding 12 months.
9.5 TVC expressly excludes liability for any indirect, special, consequential or economic loss or damage which may arise out of or in relation to these Terms & Conditions and/or the Website, whether arising from any failure to publish the Villa Listing in a timely manner or at all, or otherwise, and for any loss of profits, revenue, anticipated savings, business, contracts, production or goodwill even if TVC has been advised as to the possibility of such damages.
9.6 TVC will use reasonable skill and care in performing its duties hereunder but subject thereto: (i) TVC hereby excludes any warranty, express or implied, as to the performance, quality, accuracy or | [
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fitness for a particular purpose of the Website; (ii) TVC will not be liable for any losses or damages arising, whether in tort (including negligence), contract or otherwise, directly or indirectly as a result of use of the Website including without limitation from any technical malfunction, computer error, defect in software, loss of data or other damage or disruption to the Website; (iii) TVC makes no warranty that the contents of the Website are free from infection by viruses, worms or trojans or anything else that has contaminating or destructive properties; and (iv) certain links on the Website may lead to resources located on servers maintained by third parties over whom TVC has no control and TVC accepts no liability arising from access to or use of any material contained on those servers.
9.7 TVC does not limit or exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence, fraudulent misrepresentation or anything else which cannot be excluded under applicable law.
9.8 TVC reserves the right at any time, without notice and without liability, to remove any Villa Listing from the Website if it reasonably believes the Villa Listing would or would be likely to put the Supplier in breach of these Terms & Conditions or would otherwise be detrimental to the interests or goodwill of TVC. Any such action shall be without prejudice to TVC's other rights and remedies under these Terms & Conditions.
10. Insurance
10.1 Without prejudice to its liability to indemnify TVC (and its employees), the Supplier shall, at its own cost, effect and maintain, at all times during the validity of these Terms & Conditions, with a reputable insurance company, comprehensive business and liability insurance to cover all risks relating to the Villa and all risks arising out of the performance of these Terms & Conditions including (but not limited to) any liability for damages for the death, injury or illness of Guests, employees, agents, sub-contractors howsoever arising. The Supplier shall on demand provide a copy of all insurance policies and schedules to the same to TVC together with a copy of the receipt for the payment of the current premium. TVC will not check the policy documentation for suitability and it remains the responsibility of the Supplier to ensure that they are adequately insured at all times. The Supplier shall forward any renewal documents to the TVC upon request.
11.1 The Supplier agrees to indemnify TVC for the full amount of all claims, liabilities, demands, damages, expenses, losses, refunds, fines, costs (including all legal costs) and all other sums of whatever nature which TVC incurs, suffers or becomes responsible for as a result, directly or indirectly, of:
(i) any breach of these Terms & Conditions by the Supplier;
(ii) the publication by TVC of any Villa Listing or other materials supplied by the Supplier;
(iii) any act(s) and/or default(s) of the Supplier and/or any person(s) provided or used (directly or indirectly) by the Supplier (including employees, agents, suppliers and sub-contractors of the Advertiser);
(iv) any third party claim (including but not limited to Guest claims) received by TVC relating to the Villa, the Villa Listing or the Supplier.
12.1 Neither party shall be liable to the other for any contractual default which they could not foresee or avoid. These events can include, but are not limited to war, threat of war, civil strife terrorist activity and its consequences or the threat of such activity, riot, the act of any government or other national or local authority including port or river authorities, industrial dispute, lock closure, natural or nuclear disaster, fire, chemical or biological disaster and all similar events outside the affected party's or their suppliers control.
12.2 If either party is affected by Force Majeure it shall immediately notify the other party in writing of the matters constituting force majeure and shall keep that party fully informed of their continuance and of any relevant change of circumstances whilst such force majeure continues. The party affected by force majeure shall take all reasonable steps available to minimise the effects of the force majeure on the performance of its obligations under this contract.
13.1 If any provision of these Terms & Conditions is held to be invalid or void for any purpose | [
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I want to propose a way of looking at American geography: as a physical map of ideas about nature, freedom, and what makes life worth living. American law shapes different tracts of the country to different ideas about nature's value. The wilderness idea (more about this just below) has its acreage. You can hike into that idea, spend the night, get to the highest point of it, get lost and frustrated or rapturous in it. The parks system consecrates some astonishing places to the capacity for wonder, which, along with personal vigor and mental health, became a touchstone of federal lands policy around the beginning of the twentieth century. The national forests, managed by a professional corps of scientist-bureaucrats, are a 190 million-acre set-piece of the idea of productive nature rationally managed in the public interest, and of the limits of that idea. These are the easy cases, but already they cover a huge amount of land, a legal and practical geography that is also a taxonomy of ideas.
The less obvious examples may also be the more interesting ones. The farmland of the Midwest is private property, but it, too, is a kind of landscape architecture, expressing an idea of nature, with law as the architect's tool. By subsidizing certain crops (notably corn and soybeans), declining to regulate much of the often-severe pollution from large-scale and conventional agriculture, and permitting enormous concentration of economic power in companies that sell agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) and process farmers' products (slaughterhouses, factories for cereal and corn syrup), the law has modeled a landscape devoted to serving human appetite with the vigor of a providential machine. Moving east, the strip-mined hills of southern Appalachia are now landscapes of pure extraction, with no pretense of regard for the (beautiful) shape of the hills before they are wrecked, and none that this is, like the ideal farmland, meant to be an inhabited place. Because of the language of the Surface Mining Conservation and Reclamation Act and courts' interpretation of the Clean Water Act (which are instances of the country's larger embrace of cheap energy regardless of its carbon content and other "incidental" harms), this is very nearly a one-time-only landscape, used as people would use a world they intended to use up before they and their children outlived the chance to enjoy it.
Thoreau, who famously wrote that he went to the woods because he wished to live deliberately, was too much a punner to miss the false etymology: de libere, to live from freedom, freely. Even if the pun were unintended, the opening pages of Walden are about freedom, not nature. These are the passages where the author justifies the book's existence, tells readers what it has to do with their lives and how it might help them to understand, or solve, problems they know, or suspect, that they have. What Thoreau said there was that we could not know yet what it meant for us to be free: in an era of technological revolution, we might soon find forms of consciousness as revolutionary as steam power, as revelatory as opening a continent. And because experience obediently answered the ideas that came before it in our minds, we would have to change our minds, first, to enter a new world. He offered his account of a year in the woods as a sojourn with the mind, dedicated to uncovering ways in which it might become different, and carry us – and the world – with it.
Senator Frank Church, a progressive Idaho Democrat (and, in that, a reminder that even the recent past is sometimes another country) explained his support for the 1964 Wilderness Act, which eventually preserved more than 107 million acres of federal land from logging, drilling, mining, and development, in this way: without wilderness, the country would "become a cage." Church's phrase was stark, but the idea was not new. For more than three decades, advocates for wilderness had been calling the experience they sought to keep alive "wilderness freedom": the chance to be alone in a place mostly unmarked by human action. Without wilderness freedom, Church seemed to say, there would be nothing that would count as freedom. He almost certainly did not mean that; but he did seem to mean that something alive and important would die, some necessary potential give way to blank imposs | [
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ibility, and that freedom was the word for what would disappear.
The wilderness idea was a radicalization of the case for preserving the most spectacular places as national parks, open to all. John Muir, the most important early publicist of this idea, called it a consequence of the discovery that wildness was a necessity, without which most Americans in the industrial, democratic society of the later nineteenth century could not hope to be among "the sane and the free." Muir had learned a lot from both Thoreau and Emerson – he deliberately sought to claim their prophetic mantles as bard of the California landscape – and the strand of freedom that he and Frank Church both announced seems to have been one that Emerson had proposed as an American ideal: to honor only the constraints indigenous to one's constitution, one's self.
That idea, of freedom as authenticity – a loaded word, but let it have Emerson's meaning for now – attached itself to nature in the Transcendentalists. Both Walden and Emerson's first major work, Nature, elaborate the idea that the whole organic world is a mirror, a homologue, a symmetrical answer to the mind, not simply because we project our ideas onto it, but because we and it body forth the same ur-principle of order and intelligence. To encounter it is to encounter ourselves. And not only ourselves as we are day to day, but ourselves in a purified, clarified, vivified form – as we were meant to be, as we would be if we could shake off all the accretions of convention and habit. To free the mind and learn what it could be, as Thoreau urged doing, an American had to go to the woods. And America, for the same reason, had to ensure that there would be woods to go to.
It is pretty generally recognized that, at different times, Americans have imagined nature in different ways: as a boundless stock of wealth; as a threatening and alien power to be conquered; as a stable and harmonious whole, peaceably existing in a climax condition of maximum fecundity; as a vulnerable and unstable system, easily disrupted or wrecked; or as an avenging force, punishing our sins like the avenging God of a jeremiad. And it may not surprise most thoughtful people that a Romantic strand in American life, with some kind of tie to the Transcendentalists, embraces an adamant ideal of freedom as authenticity and is uncommonly fond of big trees and bigger rocks. One point of this essay is to suggest that this Romantic idea of freedom has had more than an affinity with conservation and environmentalism: again and again, one of the reasons to preserve and value nature has been that it helps us to be free in this way. Another point is larger: that all of these historical ideas about nature have been very basically involved with ideas about freedom. Not surprisingly, what matters most in nature has recurrently been what the observer thought most important in his own life and relations with others. All the American natures have also served American freedoms.
What the continent meant to its early European claimants was almost literally utopian – utopian made topographic, no-place suddenly rendered as a continental landscape. It was the chance to make real, for some generations, a fantasy of unbounded wealth and orderly freedom.
To appreciate this, consider the use that John Locke, writing toward the end of the seventeenth century, made of his State of Nature. That was, he wrote, a condition of perfect freedom and perfect equality. But its purpose was not to vindicate either value in the England of Locke's time. Rather, it was to show how political order, with all its hierarchy and constraint, could legitimately have arisen from a condition of freedom and equality. Of course, Locke wanted to show the limits of legitimate government, partly to justify certain forms of Parliamentary resistance against the Crown; but the right of resistance that he embraced and elaborated was there to protect life, property, and constitutional arrangements in an orderly society – something much more straitened and unequal than the freedom and equality that prevailed in the State of Nature.
Locke's famous account of property has the same logic. He imagined the State of Nature as a world of plenitude, unowned and open to all comers. In that condition, anyone could enclose a plot of land and make it bloom, without detriment to the interests of others – for there would be "as much and as good" left over for the next person. Here, too, the point was to | [
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show how a system of unequal private property could arise, with no harm to anyone's rights, from a world in which all things were held in common. In the England where Locke wrote, the natural right to acquire open land was extinguished by the law of property, and the duty to leave enough for others was an archaic memory, or imagination, of a time before political society. That, too, was as Locke intended. The utopia of freedom, equality, and plenitude lay somewhere behind the known world of scarcity, inequality, and constraint, and, as Locke presented it, justified the known world.
Then the utopia became real, for those who could seize a share of it. Locke had observed that, "In the beginning, all the world was America," thinly populated and unclaimed (as he imagined the continent), but he seems not to have considered seriously the converse: in America, so understood, the world was "beginning" again – a beginning that takes quote marks because it was, specifically, the origin that Locke portrayed, and which many settlers came to embrace.
This history is too large and complex for a short essay, so accept a brief formulation. People born into a world already owned, where everything was someone's property, could now make (as it often seemed to them) something from nothing, wealth from sheer will and labor, married to the yielding and unoccupied earth. And, in time, people born into a world already ordered discovered that, with an ocean on one hand and a continental interior on the other, they could make good the other Lockean fantasy and rewrite the terms of political order itself – a revolution in which political order was not inherited but made, law not interpreted but written. (It was a refrain of debates on restive New England that the colonists, if driven too hard, would simply retreat westward, as if withdrawing into the State of Nature itself.) Interpersonally, in the vast space between man-and-nature and man-and-sovereign, the new continent seemed to mean the freedom of a practical equality: escape from the world of lords, farmers, tenants, and servants, enforced by the finitude of acreage and its private ownership, into a world of freestanding yeomen. A possibility dawned of threefold freedom: in relation to a land one whose riches one could claim and use; to government, now imagined as the creation of a shared political will; and to others, joint venturers in a rebirth of natural liberty, and equality, and, yes, natural property.
Of course I am describing an imaginary, a shared way of understanding social and political life, and I trust readers to trust me to remember how many kinds of people were left out of this ideal, both as practiced and as imagined. But the point is that it became a viable imaginary, not just the narrative and conceptual prop it had been for Locke, because there was a continent for it. For the imaginary to work, that continent had to be seen as Locke had described nature, as evidence that God wanted us to be rich and happy but wanted us to work for it, and had accordingly granted the world to "the industrious and the rational." Under this conception of nature the Declaration of Independence invoked a right to settle land west of the Alleghenies; that jurists and theologians claimed that Native Americans could have had no more legal claim than deer or wolves on lands they merely inhabited, but did not improve; and the Supreme Court, faced with Indian land claims, washed its hands and settled its conscience as best it could by observing that the alternative to genocide would have been "to leave the continent a wilderness." More colloquially, it was in this vision that settlers and their governments came to call their development "reclamation," as if the fallen world were restore when Americans made it bloom.
When the federal government created national forests, parks and, later, wilderness, it imposed the Progressive and Romantic landscapes on this earlier one. It is no surprise that Westerners resisted by invoking the Declaration of Independence and denouncing Washington for making them colonists rather than citizens. Living on a providential landscape of citizen labor was a part of what it meant to be free in a way that seemed then to be coming under threat. It was also part of the meaning of living under a government you recognized as your own, and to whose community you could be central, rather than a (geographically and psychically) faraway manager. The first colonists had become citizens partly by insisting that their woodlots | [
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Show Notes: Episode 33 – Michael Bremner of 64 Degrees
Cheffing since 16 and moving out of home, Michael Bremner has worked in his hometown in Scotland, London, Australia and Canada until eventually returning to the place he fell in love with… Brighton. His passion and love for cooking is truly inspiring – he even describes it as his 'happy place.' He smashed Great British Menu not once, but twice – and is full of industry knowledge vital to any of those looking to get into the industry. A story full of emotion & laughs, Michael (though too humble to say) changed the Brighton food scene forever.
00:02:05 Meeting Michael, setting the scene on Brighton Beach
00:02:53 How did Michael get into the chef industry?
00:03:11 "I'm not really from that kind of background where there's always fresh bread being made in the morning. I come from a very typical Scottish upbringing… But my mum was a qualified chef."
00:04:33 Going to work with mum and moving out of home at just 16
00:06:50 Hitting 20, and deciding to move on to other things
00:08:18 "I lived in the hills of Scotland – going to London itself, it's the first time I've ever been there let alone working there… It totally blew my mind."
00:09:11 Working around London for three years in high-class restaurants
00:11:03 "I absolutely loved it when I first got there, the hustle and bustle – but then I suppose after three years… I woke up one day and I thought I was one of them zombies and it was time to move on." [Talking about London]
00:11:35 Heading off to Australia to carry on cheffing
00:13:50 "With the way that I cook and stuff, it's hard for me to say what influenced me. I know Bob definitely influenced me."
00:14:30 Heading off to Brighton after falling in love with it a few years ago
00:16:32 "I just really enjoy cooking. It doesn't matter what it is – as long as I don't necessarily need to think. What I enjoy doing is cooking something to the best of my ability."
00:17:43 Working with Steve Dray at the Seattle Hotel
00:18:03 "I've never seen anyone clean, or have the team clean a kitchen like that. I've obviously worked in clean kitchens, but this was a different level. It was intense."
00:19:40 The reputation of kitchens as angry, disciplined environments
00:19:55 "I've had some of the best times of my life in a kitchen. I've also had some horrendous times in a kitchen."
00:22:09 "What we do, it should be fun. If you've got a smile on your face it reflects on the food that you do."
00:23:13 "From the KP to the general manager, I don't treat anyone any differently."
00:24:59 "There's a million other, easier jobs out there getting paid probably more than you would working as a chef. There needs to be an encouragement for people to come into kitchens – and now is the time to try and embrace that for young people."
00:27:07 The growth of the casual dining sector – why does Michael think this has become big?
00:28:11 "What I really like eating actually, is things I don't really understand how they make it."
00:30:26 Michael's second restaurant 'Murmur' – where does the name come from?
00:30:42 What inspired Michael to then head off to Canada? Wanting to learn how to snowboard & cooking
00:32:16 Coming back to Brighton in 2007, and seeing the Brighton food scene & 'going out' culture
00:34:04 "It was an eye-opening experience because, first of all, I feel like they were at the forefront of the whole sustainable-local thing. I'd never seen | [
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that before in all the placed I'd worked at – it didn't matter if something was local or if it came from France or wherever." [Working at Due South]
00:36:46 Plans for 64 degrees were in the works for two years… So what was Michael doing in this time? Investing in veg!
00:37:55 "Vegetarian food in my opinion, back then, was like… it was a back burner. It was like – let's focus on what's important: being in meat and fish, and the vegetarian's get whatever's left. And it really hit home to me."
00:39:29 The growth in plant-based dining & sustainability
00:40:49 "Restaurants are the people that can dictate what the customer eats."
00:41:34 "For me, it's more the mass farming of things. The pork and the chickens and those sorts of things. The difficult thing is, they make it so cheap… They need to eliminate it – so there isn't that option for that treatment towards animals."
00:44:00 "I think we all need to embrace – not only the pollution, but I also do think about what people eat. At the end of the day, it is that person's choice. You can't stop someone from buying five mars bars and woofing them down."
00:46:36 64 Degrees – the struggle from going from chef to restaurateur
00:47:57 "I didn't apply for an alcohol licence, I thought it was just something you could get! Turns out it's quite a long process!"
00:49:12 "It's probably the worst way of going into business. I didn't do any publicity. I didn't have any PR. I didn't tell anyone – we basically just opened the doors."
00:51:12 "I honestly believe that the review we got in the observer changed everything about 64 Degrees. We went from being alright, to turning the restaurant eight times a day."
00:55:28 64 Degrees – inspired by 'food envy'
00:55:43 "The idea behind it essentially was to get a plate in the centre, and everyone sort of digs in and has a bit each. I love eating like that."
00:58:09 "64 Degrees is never going to be the place that's going to make me my millions. It's always been about food and experience."
01:00:17 Michael on the Great British Menu (BBC 2)
01:01:27 "From you getting the brief, you've then got two weeks to write the menu, three weeks to write your recipes. And then you've gotta wait for filming, so you've gotta practice your dishes. Then you've gotta wait for finals week which is eight weeks after that."
01:02:55 Getting to the Final of Great British menu in 2016 – Michael thinking he was going to win, but losing to Tommy Banks… Time to go back and win!
01:06:28 The Banquet of Wimbledon tennis club
01:06:33 "That was the hardest day of my life."
01:07:31 Relaxing, and opening up Murmur as Michaels 'happy place'
01:07:57 "Just realising you're not as good as you think you are is a really good thing to learn. It was a valuable experience for me." [Talking about 64 Degrees, and the struggles in business]
01:12:41 Which part of Michael's career does he find the most rewarding?
01:13:13 "I can walk into either site and just cook. No one will think anything of it."
01:14:03 Good & bad business advice from Michael for those wanting to get into the industry
01:16:42 "Very much my advice would be – be able to step in or put yourself in a position that if anything did happen, you can takeover. That's how you be a head chef."
01:19:21 "The way that people can just say | [
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Extractions: World Countries Infoplease Atlas: Somalia Somali Democratic Republic National name: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya Prime Minister: Hassan Abshir Farah (2001) Area: 246,199 sq mi (637,657 sq km) Population (2003 est.): 8,025,190 (growth rate: 2.9%); birth rate: 46.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 120.3/1000; density per sq mi: 33 Capital and largest city (1990 est.): Mogadishu, 900,000 Monetary unit: Somali shilling Languages: Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian Ethnicity/race: Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs Religion: Islam (Sunni) Literacy rate: Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2001 est.): $4.1 billion; per capita $550. Real growth rate: Inflation: over 100% (businesses print their own money) (2000 est.).
Map of Somalia A large (213 K) map from the PCL Map Collection. Geography andData. Somalia Great data and historical information from Infoplease.com.
Extractions: President George Bush, December 1992 Somalia is located on the eastern horn of Africa bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. Many natural disasters affect Somalia. Recurring droughts, frequent dust storms over eastern plains, and monsoons are some examples of the many natural disasters in Somalia. The biggest concern in Somalia is the Monsoons. Monsoons occasionally occur in the northeast from December to February, and southwest monsoons occur from May to October. The climate is primarily desert. Somalia is very hot and humid and the drought problems are very common. Somalia is credited for having many natural resources. The natural resources include; uranium, iron ore, tin, gypsum, copper and salt. Current Issues that have changed the environment in Somalia in the past is famine. In addition, deforestation, soil erosion, desertification and use of contaminated water contributing to many of the health problems are also environmental issues that are currently attributing to current problems in Somalia.
1Up Travel > Somalia Geography - Geographic Facts On Somalia Can Be Read Here.
GEOGRAPHY. Somalia, Geography, Top of Page. Location Eastern Africa,bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia.
You are in Country Info Somalia Geography somalia geography. Location EasternAfrica, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia.
Extractions: NOTE!!! The 2003 Edition of My World Atlas is now underway. Come back often, as many new features will be added. As always, My World Atlas contains more information than the CIA World Factbook!!! Please Note: Due to open heart surgery, there was no 2002 version of My World Atlas. If you would like to help support the Atlas (and help me with some medical bills) click on the box to the right to donate a dollar or more towards maintaining this site. Thank-you. SITE @one-planet.org Background: Intermittent civil war has been a fact of life in Somalia since 1977. In 1991, the northern portion of the country declared its independence as Somaliland; although de facto independent and relatively stable compared to the tumultuous south, it has not been recognized by any foreign government. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored.
Somalia. Somalia Economy. Somalia Defense. somalia geography.Somalia Government. Somalia History. Somalia People.
7. Somalia (1992). Subject, somalia geography, Travel. URL, http//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_pol92.jpg.Keywords, Horn of Africa; Somalia; maps, DETAILS.
somalia geography | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -1.26268 | -0.493164 | 0.790033 | 0.162916 |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
\subsection{Background and main results}\label{subsec1P1}
Let $G$ be an additive (though not necessarily abelian) group. A function $f:G\rightarrow G$ is called a \emph{complete mapping of $G$} if both $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}:g\mapsto f(g)+g$ are permutations of $G$. In case $G$ is the underlying additive group of a field $K$, a complete mapping of $G$ is also called a \emph{complete mapping of $K$}.
Complete mappings were originally introduced by Mann in 1942 as a means to construct mutually orthogonal Latin squares \cite{Man42a}. The existence problem for complete mappings sparked interest in the group-theoretic community early on, with Bateman showing in 1950 that every infinite group admits a complete mapping \cite{Bat50a}, and Hall and Paige showing in 1955 that that a finite group does \emph{not} admit complete mappings if its Sylow $2$-subgroup is cyclic and nontrivial \cite{HP55a}. The converse of Hall and Paige's result is the celebrated Hall-Paige Conjecture, which is now a theorem thanks to the work of Wilcox \cite{Wil09a}, Evans \cite{Eva09a} and Bray \cite[Section 2]{BCCSZ20a}.
Complete mappings of finite fields have also been extensively studied, especially with regard to their polynomial representations. Niederreiter and Robinson's 1984 paper \cite{NR84a} is an early (and influential) contribution in this context. Later, practical applications of complete mappings such as check-digit systems \cite{Sch00a,SW10a} and the construction of cryptographic functions \cite{MP14a,SGCGM12a} were discovered, and this spurred great interest in them, see e.g.~\cite{ITW17a,TZH14a,Win14a,WLHZ14a,XC15a,ZHC15a}.
Recall that intuitively speaking, the \emph{cycle type} of a permutation of a finite set is the information how many (disjoint) cycles of each given length the permutation has (see also the beginning of Section \ref{sec2} for a formal definition). This paper is a contribution to the study of cycle types of complete mappings of finite fields (or, equivalently, of finite elementary abelian groups). Despite the investigations of a few authors such as \cite{FGT81a} or \cite[Section 4]{MP14a} (and \cite{SC16a} for the related concept of \emph{orthomorphisms}, permutations $f:G\rightarrow G$ such that $f-\operatorname{id}$ is also a permutation), our understanding of this aspect of complete mappings appears to be very limited still. For example, there are hardly any methods to identify or refute a given cycle type of a permutation of $q$ elements as the cycle type of some complete mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
The results of this paper are positive in the sense that they provide examples of cycle types or, more generally, \enquote{mapping behaviors} that can be achieved, rather than ways to refute a given cycle type as not possible for a complete mapping. The functions $\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ that we will work with are of a particular form and are known as \enquote{first-order cyclotomic mappings}. More precisely, for a divisor $d$ of $q-1$, an \emph{index $d$ first-order cyclotomic mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$} is a function $f:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ such that
\[
f(x)=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ a_ix, & \text{if }x\in C_i\text{ for some }i=0,1,\ldots,d-1,\end{cases}
\]
where $a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_{d-1}\in\mathbb{F}_q$ are fixed and $C_i=\omega^iC$ where $\omega$ is a fixed primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$ and $C$ denotes the index $d | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.970744 | 2.466435 | 0.908385 | 1.781959 |
$ subgroup of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. That is, on each coset $C_i$ of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, $f$ is the multiplication by a fixed element $a_i$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$. In particular, the index $1$ first-order cyclotomic mappings of $\mathbb{F}_q$ are just the functions $x\mapsto ax$ for all $x\in\mathbb{F}_q$, and first-order cyclotomic mappings of larger indices are natural generalizations thereof. Various authors have studied cyclotomic mappings and generalizations, see e.g.~\cite{Bel13a,NW05a,Wan07a,Wan13a,ZYZP16a}.
Note that by definition, every index $d$ first-order cyclotomic \emph{permutation} of $\mathbb{F}_q$ (i.e., index $d$ first-order cyclotomic mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$ that is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$) has $0$ as a fixed point. Our following first main result states that as long as the cycle type of an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ has only \enquote{long} cycles apart from the one obligatory fixed point, it can be achieved as the cycle type of an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic complete mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$, provided that $q$ is large enough. In fact, Theorem \ref{mainTheo1} is even more general than that and allows one to demand that not only $f+\operatorname{id}$, but a fixed finite number $f+c_1\operatorname{id},f+c_2\operatorname{id},\ldots,f+c_n\operatorname{id}$ of \enquote{translates} of $f$ be permutations -- so, for example, it also covers the cases of orthomorphisms and strong complete mappings (functions that are both orthomorphisms and complete mappings).
\begin{theoremm}\label{mainTheo1}
Let $d$ and $n$ be positive integers, and let $\epsilon>0$. There is a $q_0=q_0(d,n,\epsilon)>0$ such that for all prime powers $q\geq q_0$ and all $c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q$, every cycle type of a first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of index $d$ all of whose cycles on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ are of length at least $\epsilon q$ can be realized as the cycle type of a first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $f+c_1\operatorname{id},f+c_2\operatorname{id},\ldots,f+c_n\operatorname{id}$ are permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
\end{theoremm}
For example, if $q\equiv1\Mod{36}$, then $\mathbb{F}_q$ has a first-order cyclotomic permutation of index $3$ with one fixed point (the field element $0$), three cycles of length $\frac{2}{9}(q-1)$ and four cycles of length $\frac{1}{12}(q-1)$ (see Example \ref{psiFunEx}). Theorem \ref{mainTheo1} guarantees that as long as $q$ is large enough, there is actually an index $3$ first-order cyclotomic (strong) complete mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$ with that cycle structure (see also Example \ref{psiFunEx2}).
We will be able to prove Theorem \ref{mainTheo1} using a theorem of Carlitz, \cite[Theorem 1]{Car56a}, which we will recall as Theorem \ref{carlitzTheo} in Section \ref{sec3}. This theorem grants some control over the multiplicative orders of several polynomial evaluations $Q_1(\xi),Q_2(\xi),\ldots,Q_r(\xi)$ at a single element $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$.
Our next main result is not concerned with cycle types \emph{per se}, but rather with the \enquote{rough mapping behavior} of index $d$ cyclotomic mappings of $\mathbb{F}_q$ (i.e., their mapping behavior on cosets | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.68817 | 2.694845 | 0.61071 | 0.977497 |
of the index $d$ subgroup of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$). It should not be surprising that this is easier to control than the precise mapping behavior (on elements of $\mathbb{F}_q$) of cyclotomic mappings, and in fact, we have the following counterpart to Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}, which shows that complete control can be achieved:
\begin{theoremm}\label{mainTheo2}
Let $d$ and $n$ be positive integers. There is a $q_1=q_1(d,n)>0$ such that for all prime powers $q\geq q_1$ with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$, the following holds: Let $c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q$ be pairwise distinct, and let $s_1,s_2\ldots,s_n$ be functions $M\rightarrow M$ where $M=\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}/C$ is the set of all cosets in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ of the index $d$ subgroup $C$ of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. Then there is a first-order cyclotomic mapping $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of index $d$ such that for all $j=1,2,\ldots,n$ and all cosets $\mathcal{C}$ of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, one has $(f+c_j\operatorname{id})(\mathcal{C})=s_j(\mathcal{C})$.
\end{theoremm}
We note that the proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo2} will require a stronger version of Carlitz's original theorem, stated as Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo} in this paper. This theorem provides not only control over the multiplicative orders of $Q_1(\xi),\ldots,Q_r(\xi)$, but also over the integer remainders upon divison by $d$ of their discrete logarithms $\log_{\omega}(Q_1(\xi)),\ldots,\log_{\omega}(Q_r(\xi))$ with regard to a fixed primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
Finally, we consider the problem of simultaneously controlling the cycle structures of a complete mapping $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ and of its associated orthomorphism $f+\operatorname{id}$, which appears to be much harder than merely controlling their mapping behavior on cosets (as in Theorem \ref{mainTheo2}). One of the many interesting consequences of Carlitz's theorem mentioned above is that if $q$ is a large enough prime power, there is a primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $\omega+1$ is also a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$. Consequently, the multiplication by $\omega$ on $\mathbb{F}_q$ is an additive complete mapping $f:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ such that both $f$ and its associated orthomorphism $f+\operatorname{id}$ permute the elements of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically. We will explore these ideas further and adapt Carlitz's proof to obtain the following result, which shows that for many $q$, there are more examples of such complete mappings of $\mathbb{F}_q$ than just additive ones:
\begin{theoremm}\label{mainTheo3}
Let $d>1$ be an integer. There is a constant $C=C(d)>0$ such that if $q$ is a prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$ and $q\geq C$, then the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ admits a complete mapping $f$ with $f(0)=0$ such that both $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ permute $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically and $f$ is not an additive function $\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$.
\end{theoremm}
Note that Theorem \ref{mainTheo3} is concerned with the case where both $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ have a $(q-1)$-cycle (and one fixed point). We remark that this is the \enquote{best situation} as far as simultaneous long cycles of $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ are concerned when $q$ is even, and it is \enquote{almost the best situation} in general -- for more details, see Section \ref{sec | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 1.133768 | 2.90249 | 0.729063 | 1.331663 |
7}, which discusses some open problems relating to Theorem \ref{mainTheo3}.
\subsection{Overview of this paper}\label{subsec1P2}
In Section \ref{sec2}, we formally introduce the concept of the cycle type $\operatorname{CT}(\sigma)$ of a permutation $\sigma$ of a finite set. We then proceed to analyze the possible cycle types of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$, see Lemma \ref{cyclotomicCTLem}. This will allow us to conveniently enumerate these cycle types using the auxiliary concept of a \emph{$\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function}, see Definition \ref{psiFunDef} and Lemma \ref{psiFunLem}. These results are preparations for the later proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}.
In Section \ref{sec3}, we review and strengthen Carlitz's theorem \cite[Theorem 1]{Car56a} on the multiplicative orders of polynomial evaluations $Q_1(\xi),\ldots,Q_r(\xi)$. More precisely, Carlitz's theorem provides an asymptotic counting formula for the elements $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $\operatorname{ord}(Q_i(\xi))=e_i$ for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, where $e_1,\ldots,e_r$ are fixed divisors of $q-1$ (and $Q_1,\ldots,Q_r$ are non-constant, squarefree and pairwise coprime univariate polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_q$). This counting is performed by
\begin{itemize}
\item expressing the characteristic function of the set of order $e$ elements of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ as a character sum, see Lemma \ref{carlitzLem}, and
\item applying Lemma \ref{davenportLem}, a fundamental lemma of Davenport, \cite[Formula (6) on p.~100]{Dav39a}, in a quantitatively strengthened form by virtue of a result of Weil, \cite{Wei41a}.
\end{itemize}
For proving our strengthened version of Carlitz's theorem, Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo}, we will follow the same basic approach, using that the characteristic function of the set of nonzero $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ with $\log_{\omega}(\xi)\equiv i\Mod{d}$ (for fixed integers $i$ and $d$) also has a simple representation as a character sum, see Lemma \ref{discLogLem}.
Each of Sections \ref{sec4}--\ref{sec6} is concerned with the proof of one of our main results:
\begin{itemize}
\item In Section \ref{sec4}, we prove Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}. The proof idea is to construct, for a given cycle type as in the theorem, an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation $f_{\omega}$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of a particular form, which has the given cycle type and depends on a primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$. In order to show that the translates $f_{\omega}+c_j\operatorname{id}$ for $j=1,2,\ldots,n$ of $f_{\omega}$ are also permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$, we exploit that they are also index $d$ first-order cyclotomic mappings of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and the coset-wise constants by which these functions multiply are certain polynomial evaluations at $\omega$. This allows us to apply Carlitz's original theorem to force these constants to lie in $C$, thus proving the theorem.
\item Section \ref{sec5} is dedicated to the proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo2}. It turns out that this is a relatively straightforward application of our strengthened version of Carlitz's theorem, Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo}. Since we are only interested in the way the $d$ cosets $\omega^iC$, for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$, are mapped to each other, we care about the remainders modulo $d$ of the discrete logarithms with regard to $\omega$ of the coset-wise multiplication constants of the translates $f+c_j\operatorname{id}$, and these remainders can be controlled with Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo}.
\item In Section \ref{sec6 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.5496 | 2.424906 | 0.172267 | 1.225413 |
}, we prove Theorem \ref{mainTheo3}. This, too, is done by considering index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of a specific form, but the problem is that the polynomials whose evaluations one wants to control are not pairwise coprime anymore. Hence one cannot apply Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo} here, but rather, one must analyze the counting formula using character sums separately and hope to be able to show that the main term still dominates over the error term, which turns out to be the case.
\end{itemize}
Finally, in Section \ref{sec7}, we discuss three open problems that are related to Theorem \ref{mainTheo3} and may serve as inspiration for further research.
\subsection{Notation and terminology}\label{subsec1P3}
We denote by $\mathbb{N}$ the set of natural numbers (including $0$) and by $\mathbb{N}^+$ the set of positive integers. Throughout this paper, the symbol $\phi$ denotes Euler's totient function, and $\mu$ denotes the M{\"o}bius function. The codomain and range of a function $f$ are denoted by $\operatorname{codom}(f)$ and $\operatorname{ran}(f)$ respectively.
For $d\in\mathbb{N}^+$, the symmetric group of degree $d$, denoted $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$, is normally defined as the group of all permutations of the set $\{1,2,\ldots,d\}$, but for the purposes of this paper, it will be more convenient to define it as the group of all permutations of the set $\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$, so we do that.
If $q$ is a prime power, and $\mathbb{F}_q$ is the finite field of size $q$, then for each primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ and each nonzero field element $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, we denote by $\log_{\omega}(\xi)$ the \emph{discrete logarithm of $\xi$ with respect to $\omega$} -- this is the unique integer $e\in\{0,1,\ldots,q-2\}$ such that $\xi=\omega^e$.
\section{Cycle types of first-order cyclotomic permutations}\label{sec2}
In this section, we briefly review the general concept of a cycle type as well as how to determine the cycle type of a first-order cyclotomic permutation of a finite field.
Let $\psi$ be a permutation of a finite set $X$ with $|X|=d$. As noted in the introduction, intuitively, the \emph{cycle type of $\psi$} is the information how many cycles of each length $\psi$ has. Formally, the cycle type of $\psi$ is defined as the monomial
\[
\operatorname{CT}(\psi):=x_1^{k_1}x_2^{k_2}\cdots x_d^{k_d}\in\mathbb{Q}[x_1,\ldots,x_d]
\]
where $k_{\ell}$ denotes the number of length $\ell$ cycles of $\psi$ for $\ell=1,2,\ldots,d$. For example, if $\psi=(0,1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7)\in\operatorname{Sym}(8)$, then
\[
\operatorname{CT}(\psi)=x_1x_2^2x_3.
\]
Lemma \ref{cyclotomicCTLem} below describes how to compute the cycle types of cyclotomic permutations of finite fields. For its formulation, we need some notation. Observe that when $f$ is an index $d$ cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$, then $f$ permutes the cosets of the index $d$ subgroup $C$ of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. Hence, if $\omega$ is a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and if we enumerate the cosets of $C$ according to $\omega$ as $C_i:=\omega^iC$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$, then there is a unique permutation $\psi=\psi_{f,\omega}\in\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ such that $f(C_i)=C_{\psi(i)}$.
\begin{notation}\label{piNot}
Let $d$ be a positive integer, let $q$ be a prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod | [
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2111
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.405596 | 2.289936 | 0.411438 | 1.182407 |
{d}$, let $\omega$ be a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and let $C$ be the index $d$ subgroup of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. Moreover, let $f$ be an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$, of the form
\[
f(x)=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ a_ix, & \text{if }x\in C_i=\omega^iC\text{ for some }i=0,1,\ldots,d-1.\end{cases}
\]
Let $\psi$ be the unique permutation in $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ such that $f(C_i)=C_{\psi(i)}$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$. For each cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$, we set
\[
\pi(\zeta)=\pi_{f,\omega}(\zeta):=\prod_{i\in\operatorname{supp}(\zeta)}{a_i}\in C.
\]
Moreover, we denote by $\ell(\zeta)$ the length of $\zeta$ and by $\operatorname{supp}(\zeta)$ the \emph{support of $\zeta$}, which is the set $\{i_1,i_2,\ldots,i_{\ell(\zeta)}\}$ of all indices in $\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$ that lie on $\zeta=(i_1,i_2,\ldots,i_{\ell(\zeta)})$ (note that $\operatorname{supp}(\zeta)=\{i\}$ in case $\zeta=(i)$ is a cycle of length $1$).
\end{notation}
\begin{lemma}\label{cyclotomicCTLem}
With the same assumptions as in Notation \ref{piNot}, we have that
\[
\operatorname{CT}(f)=x_1\prod_{\zeta}{x_{\ell(\zeta)\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}^{(q-1)/(d\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta)))}}
\]
where the running index $\zeta$ ranges over the (disjoint) cycles of $\psi$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
If $x\in C_i$ for some $i\in\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$, then for each $\ell\in\mathbb{N}^+$, we have that $f^{\ell}(x)\in C_{\psi^{\ell}(i)}$. In particular, a necessary condition for $f^{\ell}(x)=x$ is that $\psi^{\ell}(i)=i$, which shows that the cycle length of $x$ under $f$ is divisible by the length $\ell(\zeta(i))$ of the unique cycle $\zeta(i)$ of $\psi$ that contains $i$. Equivalently, we have that the cycle length of $x$ under $f$ is the $\ell(\zeta(i))$-fold of the cycle length of $x$ under the iterate $f^{\ell(\zeta(i))}$.
Now, iterating $f$ on $x$ for $\ell(\zeta(i))$ times, we find that
\begin{align*}
&(x\in C_i) \mapsto (a_ix\in C_{\psi(i)}) \mapsto (a_ia_{\psi(i)}x\in C_{\psi^2(i)}) \mapsto \cdots \mapsto \\
&(a_ia_{\psi(i)}\cdots a_{\psi^{\ell(\zeta(i))-1}(i)}x=\pi(\zeta(i))x\in C_{\psi^{\ell(\zeta(i))}(i)}=C_i).
\end{align*}
Since $x$ and $\pi(\zeta(i))x$ lie in the same coset $C_i$ of the multiplicative subgroup $C$, we conclude that $\pi(\zeta(i))\in C$. Moreover, every cycle of the multiplication by $\pi(\zeta(i))$ on $C_i$ is of length $\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta(i)))$ -- in particular, the cycle length of $x$ under $f^{\ell(\zeta(i))}$ must be equal to $\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta(i)))$, whence the cycle length of $x$ under $f$ equals $\ell(\zeta(i))\cdot\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta(i)))$.
In summary, this shows that for each cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$, on the union $U(\zeta):=\bigcup_{i\in\operatorname{supp}(\zeta)}{C_i}$, the permutation | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.341745 | 2.570257 | -0.200723 | 0.767528 |
$f$ decomposes into
\[
\frac{|\bigcup_{i\in\operatorname{supp}(\zeta)}{C_i}|}{\ell(\zeta)\cdot\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}=\frac{\ell(\zeta)(q-1)/d}{\ell(\zeta)\cdot\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}=\frac{q-1}{d\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}
\]
disjoint cycles, each of length $\ell(\zeta)\cdot\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))$. In other words, we have that
\[
\operatorname{CT}(f_{\mid U(\zeta)})=x_{\ell(\zeta)\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}^{(q-1)/(d\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta)))}.
\]
But the sets $U(\zeta)$ for the various cycles $\zeta$ of $\psi$ form a partition of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. This implies that
\[
\operatorname{CT}(f_{\mid{\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}}})=\prod_{\zeta}{\operatorname{CT}(f_{\mid U(\zeta)})}=\prod_{\zeta}{x_{\ell(\zeta)\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}^{(q-1)/(d\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta)))}}.
\]
Similarly, we have
\[
\operatorname{CT}(f)=\operatorname{CT}(f_{\mid\{0\}})\cdot\operatorname{CT}(f_{\mid{\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}}})=x_1\cdot\prod_{\zeta}{\operatorname{CT}(f_{\mid U(\zeta)})}=x_1\prod_{\zeta}{x_{\ell(\zeta)\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}^{(q-1)/(d\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta)))}},
\]
as required.
\end{proof}
We remark that Lemma \ref{cyclotomicCTLem} could also be proved as a special case of a more general theory (which we will not need in this paper). Indeed, the restrictions to $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$ form a permutation group on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ that is isomorphic (as a permutation group) to the imprimitive permutational wreath product $C_{\mathrm{reg}}\wr\operatorname{Sym}(d)$, where $C_{\mathrm{reg}}$ denotes the (right-)regular permutation representation of the abstract group $C$ on itself (see \cite[Theorem 1.1.3(2) and its proof]{BW21a} for more details). The study of cycle types of wreath product elements dates back to a 1937 paper of P{\'o}lya, \cite{Pol37a}. In fact, in \cite[table at the bottom of p.~180]{Pol37a}, P{\'o}lya gives a concise formula for the so-called \emph{cycle index} of an arbitrary imprimitive permutational wreath product, which encodes the \enquote{global} information how many elements of each given cycle type there are in the wreath product. P{\'o}lya's result has a \enquote{local} counterpart (see \cite[Lemma 3.5]{BW21a}), which describes the cycle type of a given wreath product element, and Lemma \ref{cyclotomicCTLem} may be viewed as a special case of that.
Based on Lemma \ref{cyclotomicCTLem}, we now introduce some technical concepts that we will need for the proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}:
\begin{definition}\label{psiFunDef}
Let $d$ be a positive integer, and let $\psi\in\operatorname{Sym}(\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\})$.
\begin{enumerate}
\item A \emph{$\psi$-function} is a function from the set of cycles of $\psi$ to $\mathbb{N}^+$.
\item A \emph{$\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function} is a function that is a $\sigma$-function for some $\sigma\in\operatorname{Sym}(d)$.
\item Let $h$ be a $\psi$-function, and recall that $\operatorname{ran}(h)$ denotes the \emph{range of $h$} (the set of all function values of $h$).
\begin{enumerate}
\item We say that a prime power $q$ is \emph{$h$-admiss | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.636546 | 2.860961 | 0.185268 | 1.088806 |
ible} (or, equivalently, that $h$ is \emph{$q$-admissible}) if $d\cdot\operatorname{lcm}{\operatorname{ran}(h)}$ divides $q-1$.
\item We associate with $h$ a function $\gamma_h$ from the set of all $h$-admissible prime powers to the set of all monomials in $\mathbb{Q}[x_n: n\in\mathbb{N}^+]$ such that for each $h$-admissible prime power $q$, one has
\[
\gamma_h(q):=x_1\prod_{\text{cycles }\zeta\text{ of }\psi}{x_{\ell(\zeta)(q-1)/(d\cdot h(\zeta))}^{h(\zeta)}}.
\]
\end{enumerate}
\item Let $q$ be a prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$, let $\omega$ be a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, let $C$ be the index $d$ subgroup of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, and denote by $C_i:=\omega^iC$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ the various cosets of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. Moreover, let $f$ be an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ such that $f(C_i)=C_{\psi(i)}$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$. The \emph{$\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function of $f$ (with regard to $\omega$)}, denoted by $h_{f,\omega}$, is the $\psi$-function that maps each cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$ to
\[
\frac{q-1}{d\operatorname{ord}(\pi(\zeta))}
\]
where $\pi(\zeta)=\pi_{f,\omega}(\zeta)$ is as in Notation \ref{piNot}.
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}
The following simple lemma characterizes cycle types of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of a finite field in terms of $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-functions:
\begin{lemma}\label{psiFunLem}
Let $d$ be a positive integer. The following hold:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Let $q$ be a prime power, let $\omega$ be a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and let $f$ be an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$. Then $q$ is an $h_{f,\omega}$-admissible prime power, and $\operatorname{CT}(f)=\gamma_{h_{f,\omega}}(q)$.
\item Conversely, assume that $h$ is a $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function, and that $q$ is an $h$-admissible prime power. Then for each primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$, there is an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $h_{f,\omega}=h$ and, consequently, $\gamma_h(q)=\operatorname{CT}(f)$.
\end{enumerate}
In particular, for each prime power $q$ with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$, the cycle types of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$ are precisely the monomials of the form $\gamma_h(q)$ where $h$ is a $q$-admissible $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Statement (1) is immediate from Lemma \ref{cyclotomicCTLem} and Definition \ref{psiFunDef}(4). For statement (2), let $\psi$ be the unique permutation in $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ such that $h$ is a $\psi$-function, and for each cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$, fix an element $b_{\zeta}\in\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ such that
\[
\frac{q-1}{d\operatorname{ord}(b_{\zeta})}=h(\zeta).
\]
In particular, $\operatorname{ord}(b_{\zeta})$ divides $\frac{q-1}{d}$, whence $b_{\zeta}\in C$. Denoting by $\zeta(i)$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ the unique cycle of $\psi$ such | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.384538 | 2.67408 | 0.303172 | 1.321544 |
that $i\in\operatorname{supp}(\zeta(i))$, set
\[
f(x):=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ \omega^{\psi(i)-i}x, & \text{if }x\in C_i\text{ and }i\not=\max(\operatorname{supp}(\zeta(i))), \\ \omega^{\psi(i)-i}b_{\zeta(i)}x, & \text{if }x\in C_i\text{ and }i=\max(\operatorname{supp}(\zeta(i))).\end{cases}
\]
Then $f:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ is clearly an index $d$ cyclotomic mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and since $b_{\zeta(i)}\in C$, we see by definition of $f$ that for each $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$, we have $f(C_i)=\omega^{\psi(i)-i}C_i=C_{\psi(i)}$. Hence $f$ is an index $d$ cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $h_{f,\omega}$ is a $\psi$-function. Moreover, for each (length $\ell$) cycle $\zeta=(i_1,i_2,\ldots,i_{\ell})$ of $\psi$, say written such that $i_{\ell}=\max(\operatorname{supp}(\zeta))$, we find that
\[
\pi_{f,\omega}(\zeta)=\omega^{i_2-i_1}\omega^{i_3-i_2}\cdots\omega^{i_{\ell}-i_{\ell-1}}\cdot\omega^{i_1-i_{\ell}}b_{\zeta}=b_{\zeta},
\]
whence
\[
h_{f,\omega}(\zeta)=\frac{q-1}{d\operatorname{ord}(b_{\zeta})}=h(\zeta),
\]
as required.
\end{proof}
\begin{example}\label{psiFunEx}
Let $d=3$, let $\psi=(0,1)(2)\in\operatorname{Sym}(3)$, and let $h$ be the $\psi$-function with $h((0,1))=3$ and $h((2))=4$. Then
\[
d\cdot\operatorname{lcm}(\operatorname{ran}(h))=3\cdot\operatorname{lcm}(3,4)=3\cdot12=36.
\]
Hence a prime power $q$ is $h$-admissible if and only if $q\equiv1\Mod{36}$. Moreover, by Lemma \ref{psiFunLem}(2), if $q$ is $h$-admissible, then $\mathbb{F}_q$ has an index $3$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of cycle type
\[
\gamma_h(q)=x_1x_{\ell((0,1))\frac{q-1}{3h((0,1))}}^{h((0,1))}x_{\ell((2))\frac{q-1}{3h((2))}}^{h((2))}=x_1x_{\frac{2}{9}(q-1)}^3x_{\frac{1}{12}(q-1)}^4.
\]
\end{example}
For the proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}, we are interested in index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$ which have only long cycles on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ (of length at least $\epsilon q$ for some constant $\epsilon>0$) on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. With regard to those, we have the following result:
\begin{proposition}\label{psiFunProp}
Let $d$ be a positive integer, and let $\epsilon>0$. For each prime power $q$ with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$, we have that every cycle type of an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ all of whose cycles on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ are of length at least $\epsilon q$ can be written in the form $\gamma_h(q)$ where $h$ is a suitable $q$-admissible $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function such that $\max(\operatorname{ran}(h))\leq\epsilon^{-1}$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Fix a primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F | [
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29943
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.01419 | 2.175731 | -0.30742 | 0.471546 |
}_q$, let $C$ be the index $d$ subgroup of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, and let $f$ be an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that all cycles of $f$ on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ are of length at least $\epsilon q$. Let $\psi$ be the unique permutation in $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ such that $f(\omega^iC)=\omega^{\psi(i)}C$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$. By Lemma \ref{psiFunLem}(1), we know that $h_{f,\omega}$ is a $q$-admissible $\psi$-function with
\[
\operatorname{CT}(f)=\gamma_{h_{f,\omega}}(q)=x_1\prod_{\text{cycles }\zeta\text{ of }\psi}{x_{\ell(\zeta)(q-1)/(d\cdot h_{f,\omega}(\zeta))}^{h_{f,\omega}(\zeta)}}.
\]
It follows that the cycle lengths of $f$ on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ are of the form
\[
\ell(\zeta)\frac{q-1}{dh_{f,\omega}(\zeta)}
\]
for the various cycles $\zeta$ of $\psi$. In particular, for each cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$, we have
\[
\ell(\zeta)\frac{q-1}{dh_{f,\omega}(\zeta)}\geq\epsilon q
\]
and thus
\[
h_{f,\omega}(\zeta)\leq\epsilon^{-1}\cdot\frac{q-1}{q}\cdot\frac{\ell(\zeta)}{d}\leq\epsilon^{-1}\cdot1\cdot 1=\epsilon^{-1},
\]
as required.
\end{proof}
\section{A generalization of a theorem of Carlitz}\label{sec3}
The following theorem, which is due to Carlitz (\cite[Theorem 1]{Car56a}) provides a good amount of control over the multiplicative orders of polynomial evaluations at a fixed element of $\mathbb{F}_q$:
\begin{theorem}\label{carlitzTheo}(Carlitz, \cite[Theorem 1]{Car56a})
Let $q$ be a prime power, and assume that $Q_1,Q_2,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ are non-constant, squarefree and pairwise coprime. Fix divisors $e_1,e_2,\ldots,e_r$ of $q-1$, and denote by $N=N(q,Q_1,\ldots,Q_r,e_1,\ldots,e_r)$ the number of $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, the polynomial evaluation $Q_i(\xi)$ is nonzero and of multiplicative order $e_i$. Then for each $\epsilon>0$, as $q\to\infty$, the number $N$ satisfies the asymptotic formula
\[
N=\frac{\phi(e_1)\phi(e_2)\cdots\phi(e_r)}{(q-1)^r}q+O((\deg{Q_1}+\deg{Q_2}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r})q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}),
\]
where $\phi$ denotes Euler's totient function.
\end{theorem}
The following is an interesting consequence of Carlitz's asymptotic formula:
\begin{corollary}\label{carlitzCor}
Let $r$ and $d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_r$ as well as $k$ be positive integers. If $q$ is a large enough (relative to $r$, the $d_i$ and $k$) prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{\operatorname{lcm}(d_1,\ldots,d_r)}$, and if $Q_1,Q_2,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ are square-free and pairwise coprime polynomials with $\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\leq k$, then there is an element $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, the polynomial evaluation $Q_i(\xi)$ is nonzero and has multiplicative order $\frac{q-1}{d_i}$.
\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.495259 | 2.591022 | 0.091572 | 0.871247 |
end{corollary}
\begin{proof}
By Theorem \ref{carlitzTheo}, for every $\epsilon>0$, the number $N$ of these $\xi$ satisfies the asymptotic formula
\[
N=\frac{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_1})\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_2})\cdots\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_r})}{(q-1)^r}q+O(kq^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon})
\]
as $q\to\infty$. The statement of the corollary is clear if we can show that the main term
\[
\frac{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_1})\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_2})\cdots\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_r})}{(q-1)^r}q
\]
asymptotically dominates over the error term $O(kq^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon})$ (for some suitable $\epsilon>0$). Now, using that as $n\to\infty$, the Euler totient function $\phi(n)$ asymptotically dominates over $n^{1-\delta}$ for each fixed $\delta>0$, we see that if $q$ is large enough, the main term satisfies the bounds
\begin{align*}
\frac{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_1})\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_2})\cdots\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_r})}{(q-1)^r}q &\geq \frac{(\frac{q-1}{d_1})^{1-\delta}(\frac{q-1}{d_2})^{1-\delta}\cdots(\frac{q-1}{d_r})^{1-\delta}}{(q-1)^r}q \\
&=\frac{(q-1)^{-r\delta}}{(d_1\cdots d_r)^{1-\delta}}q\geq\frac{q^{-r\delta}}{d_1\cdots d_r}q=\frac{1}{d_1\cdots d_r}q^{1-r\delta}.
\end{align*}
In particular, the main term will dominate over the error term as long as
\[
1-r\delta>\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon,
\]
which can be achieved e.g.~with $\epsilon:=\frac{1}{6}$ and $\delta:=\frac{1}{4r}$.
\end{proof}
The main goal of this section is to prove the following variant of Theorem \ref{carlitzTheo}, which gives even more control:
\begin{theorem}\label{carlitzGenTheo}
Let $d_1,\ldots,d_r$ and $d$ be positive integers such that $\operatorname{lcm}(d_1,\ldots,d_r)$ divides $d$, and let $j_1,\ldots,j_r$ be integers such that $\gcd(j_i,d)=d_i$ for $i=1,\ldots,r$. Moreover, let $q$ be a prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$, let $\omega$ be a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and let $Q_1,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ be non-constant, squarefree and pairwise coprime polynomials. For every $\epsilon>0$, the number of $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that for each $i=1,\ldots,r$, one has
\begin{itemize}
\item $Q_i(\xi)\not=0$,
\item $\operatorname{ord}(Q_i(\xi))=\frac{q-1}{d_i}$, and
\item $\log_{\omega}{Q_i(\xi)}\equiv j_i\Mod{d}$
\end{itemize}
is
\[
c\frac{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_1})\cdots\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_r})}{(q-1)^r}q+O((\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r})q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon})
\]
where
\[
c:=c(d_1,\ldots,d_r,d):=\frac{1}{d^r}\prod_{i=1}^r{\sum_{z_i\mid d}{\frac{\mu(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})^2 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.051491 | 1.9006 | -0.915323 | 0.164181 |
\phi(z_i)}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})^2}}}\in\left[\frac{1}{d^r},1\right],
\]
with $\mu$ denoting the M{\"o}bius function.
\end{theorem}
The proof of Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo} is an adaptation of Carlitz's original proof of Theorem \ref{carlitzTheo}. We will need a few lemmas. Let $q$ be a prime power. Recall that a \emph{(multiplicative) character of $\mathbb{F}_q$} is a function $\chi:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ with $\chi(0)=0$ such that the restriction $\chi_{\mid\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}}$ is a group homomorphism $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}\rightarrow\mathbb{C}^{\ast}$. The characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ form a cyclic group of order $q-1$ under the character multiplication $\cdot$ defined via $(\chi_1\cdot\chi_2)(\xi):=\chi_1(\xi)\cdot\chi_2(\xi)$ for $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$. The neutral element of this group is the so-called \emph{principal character of $\mathbb{F}_q$}, denoted by $\chi_0$. It can also be defined by the formula
\[
\chi_0(\xi)=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }\xi=0, \\ 1, & \text{otherwise}.\end{cases}
\]
For the proof of his theorem, Carlitz introduced the following character sum:
\begin{lemma}\label{carlitzLem}(Carlitz, see \cite[Lemmas 1 and 2]{Car56a})
Let $q$ be a prime power. For a divisor $e$ of $q-1$, consider the character sum
\[
f_e:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{C},\xi\mapsto\frac{e}{q-1}\sum_{d\mid e}{\frac{\mu(d)}{d}\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\chi)\mid d(q-1)/e}{\chi(\xi)}}.
\]
Then the following hold:
\begin{enumerate}
\item For all $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$, we have
\[
f_e(\xi)=\begin{cases}1, & \text{if }\xi\not=0\text{ and the multiplicative order of }\xi\text{ is }e, \\ 0, & \text{otherwise}.\end{cases}
\]
\item The function $f_e$ can also be expressed by the formula
\[
f_e(\xi)=\frac{\phi(e)}{q-1}\sum_{z\mid q-1}{\frac{\mu(\frac{z}{\gcd(z,(q-1)/e)})}{\phi(\frac{z}{\gcd(z,(q-1)/e)})}}\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\chi)=z}{\chi(\xi)}.
\]
for $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}
Another crucial ingredient of Carlitz's proof is the following lemma:
\begin{lemma}\label{davenportLem}(Davenport and Weil, see \cite[Formula (6) on p.~100]{Dav39a} and \cite{Wei41a}, and also \cite[Lemma 3 and the remarks thereafter]{Car56a})
Let $q$ be a prime power. Let $\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_r$ be non-principal characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and let $Q_1,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ be non-constant, pairwise coprime squarefree polynomials. Set $\vec{Q}:=(Q_1,\ldots,Q_r)$, $\vec{\chi}:=(\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_r)$, and
\[
S(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi}):=\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_r(Q_r(\xi))}.
\]
Then
\[
|S(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi})|\leq(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.005508 | 2.206878 | -0.581783 | 0.446249 |
Q_r}-1)q^{1/2}.
\]
\end{lemma}
Actually, Carlitz used a slightly stronger version of Lemma \ref{davenportLem}, which he did not formulate explicitly. We state this result below as Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}. Before doing so, we introduce the following notation:
\begin{notation}\label{nullNot}
Let $K$ be a field, and let $P\in K[T]$ be a univariate polynomial over $K$. We denote by $\operatorname{Null}(P)=\operatorname{Null}_K(P)$ the set of all roots of $P$ in $K$. That is,
\[
\operatorname{Null}(P)=\{\xi\in K: P(\xi)=0\}.
\]
\end{notation}
We note that whenever we will use the notation $\operatorname{Null}(P)$ in this paper, we will have $K=\mathbb{F}_q$.
\begin{lemma}\label{davenportPlusLem}
Let $q$ be a prime power, let $\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_r$ be characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and let $Q_1,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ be non-constant, pairwise coprime squarefree polynomials. Let $\vec{Q}$, $\vec{\chi}$ and $S(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi})$ be as in Lemma \ref{davenportLem}. The following hold:
\begin{enumerate}
\item If at least one of the $\chi_i$ is non-principal, then
\[
|S(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi})|\leq(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r}-1)q^{\frac{1}{2}}.
\]
\item If all the $\chi_i$ are principal, then
\[
S(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi})=q-|\operatorname{Null}(Q_1Q_2\cdots Q_r)|\geq q-\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}.
\]
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
For statement (1): Assume without loss of generality that $\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_s$, with $s\in\{1,2,\ldots,r\}$, are non-principal and $\chi_{s+1},\ldots,\chi_r$ are principal. Since the principal character $\chi_0$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ is constantly $1$ on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ but has the value $0$ in $0_{\mathbb{F}_q}$, we have that
\begin{align*}
&\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_r(Q_r(\xi)) \\
&=\begin{cases}\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_s(Q_s(\xi)), & \text{if }\xi\notin\bigcup_{i=s+1}^r{\operatorname{Null}(Q_i)}=\operatorname{Null}(Q_{s+1}\cdots Q_r), \\ 0, & \text{otherwise}.\end{cases}
\end{align*}
Hence
\begin{align*}
|S(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi})| &=\left|\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_s(Q_s(\xi))} - \sum_{\xi\in\operatorname{Null}(Q_{s+1}\cdots Q_r)}{\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_s(Q_s(\xi))}\right| \\
&\leq\left|\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_s(Q_s(\xi))}\right|+\left|\sum_{\xi\in\operatorname{Null}(Q_{s+1}\cdots Q_r)}{\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_s(Q_s(\xi))}\right| \\
&\leq(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_s}-1)q^{\frac{1}{2}}+|\operatorname{Null}(Q_{s+1}\cdots Q_r)| \\
&\leq(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_s}-1)q^{\frac{1}{2}}+\deg(Q_{s | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.004829 | 2.066717 | -0.893804 | 0.305847 |
+1}\cdots Q_r) \\
&=(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_s}-1)q^{\frac{1}{2}}+\deg{Q_{s+1}}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r} \\
&\leq(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_s}-1)q^{\frac{1}{2}}+q^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot(\deg{Q_{s+1}}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r}) \\
&=(\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r}-1)q^{\frac{1}{2}}
\end{align*}
For statement (2): This follows from observing that
\[
\chi_1(Q_1(\xi))\cdots\chi_r(Q_r(\xi))=\begin{cases}1, & \text{if }\xi\notin\bigcup_{i=1}^r{\operatorname{Null}(Q_i)}=\operatorname{Null}(Q_1\cdots Q_r), \\ 0, & \text{otherwise}.\end{cases}
\]
\end{proof}
Since Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo} not only deals with multiplicative orders, but also with residue classes of discrete logarithms, we will also need the following character sums:
\begin{lemma}\label{discLogLem}
Let $q$ be a prime power, let $\omega$ be a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, let $d$ be a divisor of $q-1$, and let $i\in\mathbb{Z}$. For $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$, consider the character sum
\[
g_{d,i}(\xi):=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\chi)\mid d}{\chi(\omega)^{-i}\chi(\xi)},
\]
where the sum ranges over the multiplicative characters $\chi$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ whose order divides $d$. We have
\[
g_{d,i}(\xi)=\begin{cases}1, & \text{if }\xi\not=0\text{ and }\log_{\omega}{\xi}\equiv i\Mod{d}, \\ 0, & \text{otherwise}.\end{cases}
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
First of all, since the function values of multiplicative characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ at $0_{\mathbb{F}_q}$ are always $0_{\mathbb{C}}$, it is clear that $g_{d,i}(0)=0$, whence we may assume that $\xi\not=0$. We denote by $\psi$ some fixed generator of the multiplicative character group of $\mathbb{F}_q$. Note that for each $\alpha\in\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, the character value $\psi(\alpha)$ is some complex root of unity of the same order as $\alpha$.
If $\log_{\omega}{\xi}\equiv i\Mod{d}$, then $\omega^{-i}\xi$ lies in the index $d$ subgroup of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, i.e., it is some nonzero $d$-th power $\nu^d$ in $\mathbb{F}_q$. If $\chi$ is a multiplicative character of $\mathbb{F}_q$ whose order divides $d$, then $\chi=\psi^e$ for some integer $e$ that is divisible by $\frac{q-1}{d}$. Consequently,
\[
\chi(\omega^{-1}\xi)=\psi^e(\omega^{-1}\xi)=\psi^e(\nu^d)=\psi^{de}(\nu)=\xi_0(\nu)=1.
\]
It follows that
\[
g_{d,i}(\xi)=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\chi)\mid d}{\chi(\omega^{-i}\xi)}=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\chi)\mid d}{1}=\frac{1}{d}d=1.
\]
Now assume that $\log_{\omega}{\xi}\not\equiv i\Mod{d}$. The multiplicative characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ whose order divides $d$ are of the form $\psi^{j\frac{q-1}{d}}$ with $j=0,1,\ldots,d-1$. Hence we can write
\[
g_{d,i}(\xi)=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{j=0}^{d-1}{\psi^{j\frac{q- | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.279104 | 1.869454 | -0.976292 | -0.02808 |
1}{d}}(\omega^{-i}\xi)}=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{j=0}^{d-1}{\psi(\omega^{-i}\xi)^{j\frac{q-1}{d}}}.
\]
Now, the multiplicative order of $\omega^{-1}\xi$ does not divide $\frac{q-1}{d}$, whence $\psi(\omega^{-1}\xi)^{\frac{q-1}{d}}\not=1$. We can thus apply the geometric series formula to conclude that
\[
g_{d,i}(\xi)=\frac{1}{d}\cdot\frac{\psi(\omega^{-1}\xi)^{d\frac{q-1}{d}}-1}{\psi(\omega^{-1}\xi)^{\frac{q-1}{d}}-1}=\frac{1}{d}\cdot\frac{1-1}{\psi(\omega^{-1}\xi)^{\frac{q-1}{d}}-1}=0,
\]
as required.
\end{proof}
The last lemma which we will need in order to prove Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo} is the following, which is well-known:
\begin{lemma}\label{primRootSumLem}
Let $n$ be a positive integer. The sum over all primitive $n$-th roots of unity in $\mathbb{C}$ is $\mu(n)$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo}]
By Lemmas \ref{carlitzLem}(1) and \ref{discLogLem}, the number of $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ we are interested in is
\[
\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{f_{\frac{q-1}{d_1}}(Q_1(\xi))\cdots f_{\frac{q-1}{d_r}}(Q_r(\xi))g_{d,j_1}(Q_1(\xi))\cdots g_{d,j_r}(Q_r(\xi))}.
\]
Using Lemma \ref{carlitzLem}(2) and the definition of $g_{d,i}(\xi)$ in Lemma \ref{discLogLem}, we can rewrite this into
\begin{equation}\label{rewrittenSumEq}
\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^rd^r}\sum_{z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid q-1}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\frac{\mu(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}}\sum_{\psi_1,\ldots,\psi_r: \atop \operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)\mid d}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\psi_i(\omega)^{-j_i}}\sum_{\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_r: \atop \operatorname{ord}(\chi_i)=z_i}{\overline{S}(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi},\vec{\psi})}}}
\end{equation}
where
\[
\overline{S}(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi},\vec{\psi}):=S((Q_1,\ldots,Q_r),(\chi_1\psi_1,\ldots,\chi_r\psi_r))=\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{\prod_{i=1}^r{(\chi_i\psi_i)(Q_i(\xi))}}.
\]
Observe that by Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}, we have an interesting dichotomy here: The complex number $\overline{S}(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi},\vec{\psi})$ is \enquote{large} (of the form $q-|\operatorname{Null}(\prod_{i=1}^r{Q_i})|$) if all the characters $\chi_i\psi_i$ for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$ are principal, and otherwise, it is \enquote{small} (of absolute value less than $\deg(Q_1\cdots Q_r)q^{1/2}$). Our strategy is to show that the former case accounts for the main term
\[
c\frac{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_1})\cdots\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_r})}{(q-1)^r}q
\]
in our counting formula, whereas the latter case yields the error term
\[
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13
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.156613 | 2.248407 | -0.859733 | 0.067418 |
O((\deg{Q_1}+\cdots+\deg{Q_r})q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}).
\]
We start by analyzing the case where $\overline{S}(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi},\vec{\psi})$ is large. Assume that the indices $z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid q-1$ of the outermost sum in formula (\ref{rewrittenSumEq}) are fixed. Then in the second-innermost sum, the orders of the $\chi_i$ are fixed (as the $z_i$). Now, $\chi_i\psi_i=\chi_0$ is equivalent to $\psi_i=\chi_i^{-1}$, a necessary condition for which is that $z_i=\operatorname{ord}(\chi_i)=\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)\mid d$. Conversely, if the $\psi_i$ are chosen such that $\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)=z_i\mid d$ for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, then there is precisely one choice for the $\chi_i$ (namely $\chi_i:=\psi_i^{-1}$) such that the $\chi_i\psi_i$ are all principal. Applying Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}(2), we see that this corresponds to the subsum
\begin{equation}\label{mainTermEq}
\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^rd^r}\sum_{z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid d}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\frac{\mu(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}}}\sum_{\psi_1,\ldots,\psi_r:\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)=z_i}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\psi_i(\omega)^{-j_i}}\left(q-|\operatorname{Null}(\prod_{i=1}^r{Q_i})|\right)}.
\end{equation}
In order to transform this further, we pull the constant factor $\left(q-|\operatorname{Null}(\prod_{i=1}^r{Q_i})|\right)$ out in front and observe that
\[
\sum_{\psi_1,\ldots,\psi_r:\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)=z_i}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\psi_i(\omega)^{-j_i}}}=\prod_{i=1}^r{\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)=z_i}{\psi_i(\omega)^{-j_i}}}.
\]
Fix $i\in\{1,\ldots,r\}$. Note that as $\psi_i$ ranges over the multiplicative characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of order $z_i$, the character value $\psi_i(\omega)$ ranges over the primitive $z_i$-th roots of unity in $\mathbb{C}$. By our assumption that $\gcd(j_i,d)=d_i$ and the fact that $z_i\mid d$, we conclude that $\gcd(j_i,z_i)=\gcd(d_i,z_i)$. Hence, as $\psi_i$ ranges over the multiplicative characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of order $z_i$, the power $\psi_i(\omega)^{-j_i}$ runs $\frac{\phi(z_i)}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}$ times through the primitive $\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)}$-th roots of unity in $\mathbb{C}$. It follows by Lemma \ref{primRootSumLem} that
\[
\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)=z_i}{\psi_i(\omega)^{-j_i}}=\frac{\phi(z_i)}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}\mu(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)}).
\]
Substituting this into formula (\ref{mainTermEq}), we get that the expression in that formula is equal to
\begin{align*}
&\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^rd^r}\left(q-|\operatorname{Null}(\prod_{i=1}^r{Q_i})|\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.204554 | 2.206878 | -1.094645 | -0.114092 |
right)\sum_{z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid d}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\frac{\mu(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})^2\phi(z_i)}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})^2}}} \\
&=\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^rd^r}\left(q-|\operatorname{Null}(\prod_{i=1}^r{Q_i})|\right)\cdot d^rc = c\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^r}q+O(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}).
\end{align*}
Now we consider those summands in formula (\ref{rewrittenSumEq}) where $\overline{S}(\vec{Q},\vec{\chi},\vec{\psi})$ is small. Using Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}(1), we see that the absolute value of the sum of all those summands is at most
\begin{align*}
&\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^rd^r}\sum_{z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid q-1}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\frac{1}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}}\sum_{\psi_1,\ldots,\psi_r: \atop \operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)\mid d}{\sum_{\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_r: \atop \operatorname{ord}(\chi_i)=z_i}{\left(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\right)q^{1/2}}}} \\
&=\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^rd^r}\left(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\right)q^{1/2}\cdot\sum_{z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid q-1}{\frac{d^r\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(z_i)}}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})}}} \\
&\leq\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\phi(\frac{q-1}{d_i})}}{(q-1)^r}\left(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\right)q^{1/2}\sum_{z_1,\ldots,z_r\mid q-1}{\prod_{i=1}^r{\gcd(z_i,d_i)}} \\
&\leq\frac{\prod_{i=1}^r{\frac{q-1}{d_i}d_i}}{(q-1)^r}\left(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\right)q^{1/2}\cdot\tau(q-1)^r=\left(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\right)q^{1/2}\cdot\tau(q-1)^r \\
&\leq\left(\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\right)q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}.
\end{align*}
where the first inequality uses the bound $\phi(n\cdot c)\leq\phi(n)\cdot c$, valid for all positive integers $n$ and $c$, and the last inequality uses that the number of divisors function $\tau$ grows more slowly than any power function $n\mapsto n^{\epsilon}$.
It remains to prove the bounds $\frac{1}{d^r}\leq c\leq 1$, which are equivalent to
\begin{equation}\label{boundsEq}
1\leq\prod_{i=1}^r{\sum_{z_i\mid d}{\frac{\mu(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})^2\phi(z_i)}{\phi(\frac{z_i}{\gcd(z_i,d_i)})^2}}}\leq d^r.
\end{equation}
For $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, define
\[
h_i:\mathbb{N}^+\rightarrow\mathbb | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.113363 | 2.289936 | -0.909046 | 0.056667 |
{Q}, n\mapsto\sum_{z\mid n}{\frac{\mu(\frac{z}{\gcd(z,d_i)})^2\phi(z)}{\phi(\frac{z}{\gcd(z,d_i)})^2}}.
\]
Then formula (\ref{boundsEq}) simplifies to
\[
1\leq\prod_{i=1}^r{h_i(d)}\leq d^r,
\]
from which we see that it suffices to show that for each $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, we have $1\leq h_i(d)\leq d$. For the lower bound \enquote{$h_i(d)\geq 1$} observe that $h_i(d)$ is a sum of non-negative real numbers, whence it is bounded from below by its summand for $z=1$, which is
\[
\frac{\mu(\frac{1}{1})^2\phi(1)}{\phi(\frac{1}{1})^2}=\frac{1}{1}=1,
\]
as required. For the upper bound \enquote{$h_i(d)\leq d$}, note that $h_i$ is a multiplicative function, whence it suffices to show that $h_i(\ell^k)\leq\ell^k$ for each prime $\ell$ and each positive integer $k$. We do so in a case distinction:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Case: $\ell$ does not divide $d_i$. Then
\[
h_i(\ell^k)=\sum_{j=0}^k{\frac{\mu(\ell^j)^2\phi(\ell^j)}{\phi(\ell^j)^2}}=1+\frac{1}{\ell-1}\leq 2\leq\ell^k,
\]
where the last equality uses that all summands for $j>1$ are zero due to the M{\"o}bius function factor.
\item Case: $\ell$ divides $d_i$. Then
\begin{align*}
h_i(\ell^k) &=\sum_{j=0}^k{\frac{\mu(\ell^{\max(0,j-\nu_{\ell}(d_i))})^2\phi(\ell^j)}{\phi(\ell^{\max(0,j-\nu_{\ell}(d_i))})^2}} \\
&=\begin{cases}1+\phi(\ell)+\phi(\ell^2)+\cdots+\phi(\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)})+\frac{\phi(\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)+1})}{(\ell-1)^2}, & \text{if }k>\nu_{\ell}(d_i), \\ 1+\phi(\ell)+\phi(\ell^2)+\cdots+\phi(\ell^k), & \text{if }k\leq\nu_{\ell}(d_i).\end{cases}
\end{align*}
Either way, we have that $h_i(\ell^k)\leq\ell^k$: If $k>\nu_{\ell}(d_i)$, then
\begin{align*}
&1+\phi(\ell)+\phi(\ell^2)+\cdots+\phi(\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)})+\frac{\phi(\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)+1})}{(\ell-1)^2}=1+(\ell-1)\sum_{i=0}^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)-1}{\ell^i}+\frac{\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)}}{\ell-1} \\
&=1+(\ell-1)\frac{\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)}-1}{\ell-1}+\frac{\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)}}{\ell-1}\leq\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)}+\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)}=2\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)}\leq\ell^{\nu_{\ell}(d_i)+1}\leq\ell^k,
\end{align*}
and if $k\leq\nu_{\ell}(d_i)$, then
\[
1+\phi(\ell)+\phi(\ell^2)+\cdots+\phi(\ell^k)=1+(\ell-1)\sum_{i=0}^{k-1}{\ell^i}=1+(\ell-1)\frac{\ell^k-1}{\ell-1}=\ell^k.
\]
\end{enumerate}
\end{proof}
We conclude this section by noting that Theorem \ref{carlitzGenTheo} implies the following, the | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.438731 | 1.885027 | -1.18072 | -0.033772 |
proof of which is analogous to the one of Corollary \ref{carlitzCor}:
\begin{corollary}\label{carlitzGenCor}
Let $d_1,\ldots,d_r$ and $d$ be positive integers such that $\operatorname{lcm}(d_1,\ldots,d_r)$ divides $d$. Moreover, let $0<\delta<\frac{1}{2}$. There is a constant $C_2=C_2(d_1,\ldots,d_r,d,\delta)$ such that if
\begin{itemize}
\item $q$ is a prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$ and $q\geq C_2$,
\item $\omega$ is a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$,
\item $Q_1,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ are non-constant, squarefree and pairwise coprime polynomials that satisfy $\sum_{i=1}^r{\deg{Q_i}}\leq q^{\delta}$, and
\item $j_1,\ldots,j_r$ are integers with $\gcd(j_i,d)=d_i$ for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$,
\end{itemize}
then there is an element $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that for $i=1,2,\ldots,r$, the following hold:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $Q_i(\xi)\not=0$;
\item the multiplicative order of $Q_i(\xi)$ is $\frac{q-1}{d_i}$;
\item $\log_{\omega}(Q_i(\xi))\equiv j_i\Mod{d}$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{corollary}
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}}\label{sec4}
In Section \ref{sec2}, we introduced the concept of a $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-function as a means to enumerate cycle types of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$. We will now see that using Corollary \ref{carlitzCor}, one can prove a partial strengthening of Lemma \ref{psiFunLem}(1): If $\psi\in\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ is of a particular form (see Definition \ref{specialPermDef}, of a \enquote{special permutation}), then for each $\psi$-function $h$, if $q$ is a large enough $h$-admissible prime power and $\omega$ is a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, not only does there exist an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ with $h_{f,\omega}=h$, but $f$ can also be chosen such that a fixed number of additive translates $f+c_1\operatorname{id},f+c_2\operatorname{id},\ldots,f+c_n\operatorname{id}$ (where $c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q$) are also permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
\begin{definition}\label{specialPermDef}
Let $d$ be a positive integer, and let $\psi\in\operatorname{Sym}(d)$. Assume that the cycle lengths of $\psi$ are $\ell_1\geq\ell_2\geq\cdots\geq\ell_r$, listed with multiplicities (so that the sum of the $\ell_j$ is $d$). Then $\psi$ is called \emph{special} if it is of the form
\[
\psi=\prod_{i=1}^r{\left(\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}{\ell_j},\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}{\ell_j}+1,\ldots,\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}{\ell_j}+(\ell_i-1)\right)}.
\]
\end{definition}
We note that the special permutations in $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ form a set of conjugacy class representatives.
\begin{lemma}\label{psiFunLem2}
Let $d$ and $n$ be positive integers, let $\psi\in\operatorname{Sym}(d)$ be special, and let $h$ be a $\psi$-function. There is a $q_2=q_2(h,n)>0$ such that for all $h$-admissible prime powers $q$ with $q | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.378425 | 2.487199 | -0.062197 | 0.987616 |
\geq q_2$ and all $c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, there is a first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of index $d$ such that the following hold:
\begin{enumerate}
\item For $j=1,2,\ldots,n$, the function $f+c_j\operatorname{id}$ is a (first-order and index $d$ cyclotomic) permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ that stabilizes each coset of the index $d$ subgroup $C$ of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$.
\item The cycle type of $f$ is $\gamma_h(q)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
If $\zeta$ is a cycle of $\sigma$ of length $\ell$, we let $i_{\mathrm{init}}(\zeta)$ denote the smallest element of $\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$ that lies on $\zeta$, so that $\zeta=(i_{\mathrm{init}}(\zeta),i_{\mathrm{init}}(\zeta)+1,\ldots,i_{\mathrm{init}}(\zeta)+\ell-1)$, and we set $i_{\mathrm{term}}(\zeta):=i_{\mathrm{init}}(\zeta)+\ell-1$. We call $i_{\mathrm{init}}(\zeta)$ and $i_{\mathrm{term}}(\zeta)$ the \emph{initial} and \emph{terminal index of $\zeta$}, respectively. Moreover, for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$, let $\zeta(i)$ be the cycle of $i$ under $\sigma$. Let $q$ be an $h$-admissible prime power. Until further notice, let $\omega$ be an arbitrary but fixed primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
Denoting by $\ell(\zeta)$ the length of a cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$, and for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ by $\zeta(i)$ the unique cycle of $\psi$ such that $i\in\operatorname{supp}(\zeta(i))$, we define a function $f_{\omega}:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ via
\[
f_{\omega}(x):=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ \omega x, & \text{if }x\in\omega^iC,i\not=i_{\mathrm{term}}(\zeta(i)), \\ \omega^{-\ell(\zeta(i))+1+dh(\zeta(i))}x, & \text{if }x\in\omega^iC,i=i_{\mathrm{term}}(\zeta(i)).\end{cases}
\]
Recall our definition of the field element $\pi_{f,\omega}(\zeta)$, where $\zeta$ is a cycle of $\psi$, from Notation \ref{piNot}. By definition of $f_{\omega}$, we find that for each cycle $\zeta$ of $\psi$, one has
\[
\pi_{f,\omega}(\zeta)=\omega^{\ell(\zeta)-1}\cdot\omega^{-\ell(\zeta)+1+dh(\zeta)}=\omega^{dh(\zeta)},
\]
whence
\[
\operatorname{ord}(\pi_{f,\omega})(\zeta)=\frac{q-1}{dh(\zeta)},
\]
or equivalently
\[
h(\zeta)=\frac{q-1}{d\operatorname{ord}(\pi_{f,\omega})}=h_{f,\omega}(\zeta).
\]
This proves that $h_{f,\omega}=h$. It remains to show that if $q$ is large enough (relative to $h$ and $n$), then for arbitrarily chosen elements $c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, the primitive root $\omega$ can be suitably chosen such that for $j=1,2,\ldots,n$, the function $f_{\omega}+c_j\operatorname{id}$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ that stabilizes each coset of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$.
Since we certainly have $(f_{\omega}+c_j\operatorname{id})(0)=0$ for $j=1,2,\ldots,n$, we will fix $i\in\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$ and focus on the mapping behavior of the translates $f_{\omega}+c_j\operatorname{id}$ on the coset $C_i:=\ | [
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2013
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.01298 | 2.289936 | -0.632806 | 0.345059 |
omega^iC$ of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. By definition of $f_{\omega}$, for all $x\in C_i$ and $j=1,2,\ldots,n$, we have
\[
(f_{\omega}+c_j\operatorname{id})(x)=f_{\omega}(x)+c_jx=\begin{cases}(\omega+c_j)x, & \text{if }i\not=i_{\mathrm{term}}(\zeta(i)), \\ (\omega^{-\ell(\zeta(i))+1+dh(\zeta(i))}+c_j)x, & \text{if }i=i_{\mathrm{term}}(\zeta(i)).\end{cases}
\]
It follows that as long as the constants
\begin{itemize}
\item $\omega+c_j$ for $i$ not terminal in $\zeta(i)$ and
\item $\omega^{-\ell(\zeta(i))+1+dh(\zeta(i))}+c_j$ for $i$ terminal in $\zeta(i)$
\end{itemize}
are always in $C$, the function $f_{\omega}+c_j\operatorname{id}$ will be a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ that stabilizes every coset of $C$ (more precisely, its restriction to a coset of $C$ is always a multiplication by a constant element of $C$). Proving that we can indeed choose $\omega$ such that those constants are in $C$ involves an application of Corollary \ref{carlitzCor}, as we will now explain.
For $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ and $j=1,2,\ldots,n$, we define the following univariate polynomial $P_{i,j}\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$:
\[
P_{i,j}:=\begin{cases}T+c_j, & \text{if }i\text{ is not the terminal index of }\zeta(i), \\ T^{-\ell(\zeta(i))+1+dh(\zeta(i))}+c_j, & \text{if }i\text{ is the terminal index of }\zeta(i).\end{cases}
\]
Observe that each of the constants which we want to force to be in $C$ (as explained in the previous paragraph) is of the form $P_{i,j}(\omega)$ for suitable $i$ and $j$, and so we want to force these polynomial evaluations to lie in $C$, for a suitable primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
Now, let $Q_1,\ldots,Q_r\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ be those irreducible polynomials that divide at least one of the $P_{i,j}$, listed without repetitions. Moreover, set $Q_0:=T$, and observe that $Q_0$ is distinct from any $Q_k$ with $k>0$ (this uses that the $c_j$ are all nonzero). Note that for all $i$ and $j$,
\[
\deg{P_{i,j}}\leq d\max{\operatorname{ran}(h)},
\]
and thus
\[
r\leq\sum_{i,j}{\deg{P_{i,j}}}\leq d^2n\max{\operatorname{ran}(h)}.
\]
Hence
\[
\sum_{k=0}^r{\deg{Q_k}}\leq1+r\cdot d\max{\operatorname{ran}(h)}\leq 1+d^3n(\max{\operatorname{ran}(h)})^2.
\]
This shows that both the number $r+1$ of the pairwise coprime irreducible polynomials $Q_k$ and their degree sum are bounded in terms of $d$, $n$ and $h$. But $d$ is bounded in terms of $h$ (it is the sum of the lengths of the cycles from $\operatorname{codom}(h)$), so the polynomial number and degree sum are actually bounded in terms of $n$ and $h$ alone. Therefore, Corollary \ref{carlitzCor} implies that if $q$ is large enough relative to $d$, there is an $\omega\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $Q_k(\omega)\not=0$ for $k=0,1,\ldots,r$ and
\[
\operatorname{ord}(Q_0(\omega))=\operatorname{ord}(\omega)=q-1\text{ and }\operatorname{ord}(Q_k(\ | [
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1194
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.379784 | 2.435288 | -0.513865 | 0.716932 |
omega))=\frac{q-1}{d}\text{ for }k=1,2,\ldots,r.
\]
In particular, $\omega$ is a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and since $Q_k(\omega)\in C$ for $k=1,2,\ldots,r$ and each evaluation $P_{i,j}(\omega)$ is a product of such evaluations $Q_k(\omega)$, it follows that $P_{i,j}(\omega)\in C$ for all $i$ and $j$, as required.
\end{proof}
\begin{example}\label{psiFunEx2}
Set $d:=3$, $n:=1$, $\psi:=(0,1)(2)\in\operatorname{Sym}(3)$, and let $h$ be the $\psi$-function with $h((0,1))=3$ and $h((2))=4$. Recall from Example \ref{psiFunEx} that a prime power $q$ is $h$-admissible if and only if $q\equiv1\Mod{36}$, in which case
\[
\gamma_h(q)=x_1x_{\frac{2}{9}(q-1)}^3x_{\frac{1}{12}(q-1)}^4.
\]
Hence Lemma \ref{psiFunLem2} guarantees that as long as $q$ is a large enough prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{36}$, there will always be an index $3$ first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of cycle type
\[
x_1x_{\frac{2}{9}(q-1)}^3x_{\frac{1}{12}(q-1)}^4
\]
such that $f+1_{\mathbb{F}_q}\operatorname{id}=f+\operatorname{id}$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ (i.e., such that $f$ is a complete mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$).
\end{example}
Now that we have Proposition \ref{psiFunProp} and Lemma \ref{psiFunLem2}, the actual proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo1} is relatively easy:
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo1}]
Let $\mathcal{M}$ be the set of all $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-functions $h$ such that
\[
\max(\operatorname{ran}(h))\leq\epsilon^{-1}.
\]
Then $\mathcal{M}$ is a finite set of $\operatorname{Sym}(d)$-functions, depending on $d$ and $\epsilon$. Set
\[
q_0=q_0(d,n,\epsilon):=\max_{h\in\mathcal{M},m\leq n}{q_2(h,m)}>0
\]
where $q_2$ is as in Lemma \ref{psiFunLem2}. We claim that this definition of $q_0$ does the job. Indeed, let $q\geq q_0$ be a prime power. We may assume that $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$, since otherwise, the statement of the theorem is vacuously true for $q$ (because there are no index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations on $\mathbb{F}_q$). Let $\omega$ be a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, let $c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q$ be arbitrary, and let $\gamma$ be the cycle type of some index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation on $\mathbb{F}_q$ all of whose cycles on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ are of length at least $\epsilon q$. Let $c'_1,\ldots,c'_m$ be the distinct nonzero field elements among $c_1,\ldots,c_n$. By the definition of $q_0$, there exists an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ on $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that
\begin{itemize}
\item $\operatorname{CT}(f)=\gamma_h(q)=\gamma$ and
\item $f+c'_j\operatorname{id}$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ for $j=1,2,\ldots,m$.
\end{itemize}
This $f$ has the properties we desire, which are
\begin{itemize}
\item $\operatorname{CT}(f)=\gamma_h(q | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.251402 | 2.180922 | -0.46343 | 0.7397 |
)=\gamma$ and
\item $f+c_j\operatorname{id}$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ for $j=1,2,\ldots,n$.
\end{itemize}
\end{proof}
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo2}}\label{sec5}
We may assume without loss of generality that $c_1=0_{\mathbb{F}_q}$ (and $c_2,\ldots,c_n$ are pairwise distinct nonzero elements of $\mathbb{F}_q$). Fix a primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and denote by $C_i:=\omega^iC$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ the distinct cosets of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$. For $j=1,2,\ldots,n$, denote by $\sigma_j$ the unique function $\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}\rightarrow\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$ such that $s_j(C_i)=C_{\sigma_j(i)}$ for all $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$.
For $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$, set $\delta_i:=\sigma_1(i)-i$ and $b_i:=\omega^{\delta_i}$. For $\vec{\gamma}=(\gamma_0,\ldots,\gamma_{d-1})\in C^{d-1}$, set
\[
f_{\vec{\gamma}}(x):=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ b_i\gamma_i x, & \text{if }x\in C_i\text{ for some }i=0,1,\ldots,d-1.\end{cases}
\]
Then for each $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$, we have
\[
f_{\vec{\gamma}}(C_i)=b_i\gamma_iC_i=\omega^{\sigma_1(i)-i}\gamma_i\omega^iC=\omega^{\sigma_1(i)}C=C_{\sigma_1(i)}=s_1(C_i).
\]
It remains to show that if $q$ is large enough (relative to $d$ and $n$), then the vector $\vec{\gamma}\in C^d$ can be adjusted such that we also have
\[
(f_{\vec{\gamma}}+c_j\operatorname{id})(C_i)=s_j(C_i)
\]
for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ and $j=2,3,\ldots,n$. Now, for a fixed $i\in\{0,1,\ldots,d-1\}$, we have that the (linear) polynomials
\[
T,b_iT+c_2,b_iT+c_3,\ldots,b_iT+c_n\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]
\]
are non-constant, squarefree and pairwise coprime. Applying Corollary \ref{carlitzGenCor} with $r:=n$, with
\[
d_k:=\begin{cases}d, & \text{if }k=1, \\ \gcd(\sigma_k(i)-i,d), & \text{if }k=2,3,\ldots,n,\end{cases}
\]
and with
\[
j_k:=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }k=1, \\ \sigma_k(i)-i, & \text{if }k=2,3,\ldots,n,\end{cases}
\]
we conclude that if $q$ is large enough (relative to $d$ and $n$), then there is a $\gamma_i\in\mathbb{F}_q$ such that
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\gamma_i\not=0$,
\item the multiplicative order of $\gamma_i$ is $\frac{q-1}{d}$, and
\item for $j=2,3,\ldots,n$, one has $b_i\gamma_i+c_j\not=0$ and $\log_{\omega}(b_i\gamma_i+c_j)\equiv\sigma_j(i)-i\Mod{d}$.
\end{enumerate}
In particular, $\gamma_i$ is a generator of $C$, whence $\vec{\gamma}:=(\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.124231 | 2.051144 | -0.79966 | 0.282447 |
gamma_0,\ldots,\gamma_{d-1})\in C^d$. By construction, for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$ and $j=2,3,\ldots,n$, we have
\[
(f_{\vec{\gamma}}+c_j\operatorname{id})(x)=b_i\gamma_ix+c_jx=(b_i\gamma_i+c_j)x,
\]
whence
\[
(f_{\vec{\gamma}}+c_j\operatorname{id})(C_i)=(b_i\gamma_i+c_j)C_i=C_{\sigma_j(i)-i+i}=C_{\sigma_j(i)}=s_j(C_i),
\]
as required.
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo3}}\label{sec6}
In addition to the results and ideas discussed in Section \ref{sec3}, we will need the following number-theoretic lemma:
\begin{lemma}\label{uChoiceLem}
Let $d$ be a positive integer, and let $\epsilon>0$. There is a constant $C_1=C_1(d,\epsilon)$ such that if $q=p^f$ is a prime power with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$ and $q\geq C_1$, then there is an odd unit $u\in(\mathbb{Z}/\frac{q-1}{d}\mathbb{Z})^{\ast}$ such that $1<u<\frac{q^{\epsilon}}{d}$ and $u\not\equiv e(d-1)\Mod{p}$ where $e$ denotes the multiplicative inverse of $d$ modulo $p$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We may assume that $\epsilon<1$. If $q$ is large enough (relative to $d$), then there is an odd unit $v\in(\mathbb{Z}/\frac{q-1}{d}\mathbb{Z})^{\ast}$ such that $1<v<\frac{q^{\epsilon/2}}{\sqrt{d}}$ -- just let $v$ be any of the primes less than $\frac{q^{\epsilon/2}}{\sqrt{d}}$ that are odd and do not divide $\frac{q-1}{d}$. Such a $v$ exists because by the Prime Number Theorem, if $q$ is large enough, then the total number of primes less than $\frac{q^{\epsilon/2}}{\sqrt{d}}$ is at least
\[
\frac{q^{\epsilon/2}/\sqrt{d}}{2\log(q^{\epsilon/2}/\sqrt{d})}=\frac{q^{\epsilon/2}}{2\sqrt{d}(\frac{\epsilon}{2}\log{q}-\frac{1}{2}\log{d})},
\]
whereas the number of \enquote{forbidden} primes, those that are equal to $2$ or divide $\frac{q-1}{d}$, is at most
\[
1+\log_2\left(\frac{q-1}{d}\right)=1+\frac{\log(q-1)-\log{d}}{\log{2}}.
\]
Note that each such $v$ is also a non-involution in $(\mathbb{Z}/\frac{q-1}{d}\mathbb{Z})^{\ast}$, because its square satisfies the inequality chain
\[
1<v^2<\frac{q^{\epsilon}}{d}<\frac{q-1}{d}.
\]
Hence, if the statement of the lemma was false, we would have
\[
v\equiv e(d-1)\equiv v^2\equiv e^2(d-1)^2\Mod{p}.
\]
Because $0$ and $1$ are the only solutions modulo $p$ of the congruence $x^2\equiv x\Mod{p}$, this allows us to conclude that $e(d-1)\equiv0,1\Mod{p}$. Using that $e$ is the multiplicative inverse of $d$ modulo $p$, we see that this is equivalent to $e\equiv 0,1\Mod{p}$. But $e$ is a unit modulo $p$, so $e\equiv0\Mod{p}$ is impossible, and we conclude that $d\equiv e\equiv1\Mod{p}$ and $e(d-1)\equiv0\Mod{p}$. Thus, all we need to do in order to obtain a contradiction is to find an odd unit $ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.200967 | 2.056335 | -0.440119 | 0.514552 |
u$ with $1<u<\frac{q^{\epsilon}}{d}$ such that $u\not\equiv0\Mod{p}$. For this, we can choose $u$ to be any of the roughly
\[
\frac{q^{\epsilon}}{d(\epsilon\log{q}-\log{d})}-(\epsilon\log{q}-\log{d})-2
\]
odd primes less than $\frac{q^{\epsilon}}{d}$ that are distinct from $p$ and do not divide $\frac{q-1}{d}$.
\end{proof}
Let us now turn to the actual proof of Theorem \ref{mainTheo3}. We may assume without loss of generality that $d$ is a prime. Indeed, assume that the statement holds for primes. Then if $d$ is an arbitrary positive integer with $d>1$, and if $\ell$ is the smallest prime divisor of $d$, we have that every prime power $q$ with $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$ is also congruent to $1$ modulo $\ell$. Therefore, if $q\equiv1\Mod{d}$ and $q\geq C(\ell)$, the field $\mathbb{F}_q$ admits a complete mapping with the desired properties, which shows that the statement of the theorem holds with $C(d):=C(\ell)$.
Assuming henceforth that $d$ is a prime, we choose (by Lemma \ref{uChoiceLem}) an odd unit $u\in(\mathbb{Z}/\frac{q-1}{d}\mathbb{Z})^{\ast}$ with $1<u<\frac{q^{\epsilon}}{d}$ (where $\epsilon$ is number in $\left(0,1\right)$ whose precise value will be specified later) such that $u\not\equiv e(d-1)\Mod{p}$, where $e$ is the multiplicative inverse of $d$ modulo $p$. Set $o:=u\cdot d-(d-1)$. For a fixed primitive root $\omega$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ and associated indexing $C_i:=\omega^iC$ (for $i=0,1,\ldots,d-1$) of the cosets in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ of the index $d$ subgroup $C$ of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, we consider the first-order cyclotomic mapping $f:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ of the following form:
\[
f(x)=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ \omega x, & \text{if }x\not=0\text{ and }x\notin C_{d-1}, \\ \omega^ox, & \text{if }x\in C_{d-1}.\end{cases}
\]
Observe that $f$ is not additive (i.e., $f$ is not an endomorphism of the additive group $\mathbb{F}_q$). Otherwise, since the function $g:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_q$ with $g(x)=\omega x$ for all $x\in\mathbb{F}_q$ is additive, we would have that $f-g$ is additive as well. But
\begin{align*}
|\ker(f-g)| &=|\{x\in\mathbb{F}_q: (f-g)(x)=0\}|=|\{0\}\cup\bigcup_{i=0}^{d-2}{C_i}|=1+(d-1)\frac{q-1}{d} \\
&=1+d\cdot\frac{q-1}{d}-\frac{q-1}{d}=q-\frac{q-1}{d}\geq q-\frac{q-1}{2}>\frac{1}{2}q.
\end{align*}
Since $\ker(f-g)$ is a subgroup of the additive group $\mathbb{F}_q$ and the order of a subgroup of a finite group $G$ divides $|G|$, we conclude that $\ker(f-g)=\mathbb{F}_q$, i.e., that $f=g$, which is not the case, and we obtain the desired contradiction.
We claim that $f$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$. Since $f$ is a first-order cyclotomic mapping, this is equivalent to stating that $f$ permutes the cosets of $C$. Now, if $i=0,1,\ldots,d-2$, then $f | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.159022 | 2.201687 | -0.628407 | 0.299523 |
(C_i)=\omega C_i=\omega(\omega^iC)=\omega^{i+1}C=C_{i+1}$, so it boils down to showing that $f(C_{d-1})=C_0$. But $f(C_{d-1})=\omega^oC_{d-1}$, so we need to show that $o\equiv1\Mod{d}$. By definition of $o$, we have
\[
\gcd(q-1,o+d-1)=\gcd(q-1,u\cdot d)=d.
\]
In particular, $d\mid o+d-1$, whence $d\mid o-1$ or, equivalently, $o\equiv1\Mod{d}$, as required. This concludes our argument that $f$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$.
Next, we claim that $f$ permutes $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically. Since $f$ permutes the $d$ cosets of $C$ in $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically, this is equivalent to claiming that the iterate $f^d$ permutes each coset of $C$ cyclically. But
\[
f^d(x)=\omega^{d-1}\omega^ox=\omega^{o+d-1}x
\]
for all $x\in\mathbb{F}_q$, so this is equivalent to claiming that $\operatorname{ord}(\omega^{o+d-1})=\frac{q-1}{d}$ which, in turn, is equivalent to $\gcd(o+d-1,q-1)=d$, which we showed above.
It remains to show that the primitive root $\omega$ can be chosen such that $g:=f+\operatorname{id}$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ that permutes $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically. Observe that $g$ is also a first-order cyclotomic mapping of $\mathbb{F}_q$, of the following form:
\[
g(x)=\begin{cases}0, & \text{if }x=0, \\ (\omega+1)x, & \text{if }x\not=0\text{ and }x\notin C_{d-1}, \\ (\omega^o+1)x, & \text{if }x\in C_{d-1}.\end{cases}
\]
From this, we see that $g$ will show the same \enquote{rough} mapping behavior (on the cosets of $C$) as $f$ as long as
\begin{itemize}
\item $\log_{\omega}(\omega+1)\equiv1\Mod{d}$ and
\item $\log_{\omega}(\omega^o+1)\equiv1\Mod{d}$.
\end{itemize}
Assuming these two conditions hold, $g$ will permute the elements of $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically as long as
\[
\operatorname{ord}((\omega+1)^{d-1}(\omega^o+1))=\frac{q-1}{d}.
\]
Recall that we originally chose $\omega$ as a primitive root of $\mathbb{F}_q$, and this is crucial for the argument that $f$ permutes $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically. Therefore, what we need to show is that $\mathbb{F}_q$ admits an element $\xi$ with the following properties:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\operatorname{ord}(\xi)=q-1$.
\item $\operatorname{ord}((\xi+1)^{d-1}(\xi^o+1))=\frac{q-1}{d}$.
\item $\log_{\omega}(\xi+1)\equiv1\Mod{d}$.
\item $\log_{\omega}(\xi^o+1)\equiv1\Mod{d}$.
\end{enumerate}
Assuming that $q$ is large enough, we will show that such an element $\xi$ exists by an adaptation of the character sum method discussed in Section \ref{sec3} (which, in turn, is a generalization of Carlitz's character sum method from \cite{Car56a}). First, we need a few more technical observations.
Note that $o$ is not divisible by $p$. Indeed, if $o=ud-(d-1)\equiv0\Mod{p}$, it follows that $u\equiv e(d-1)\Mod{p}$, and $u$ was chosen specifically such that this | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.181438 | 2.160157 | -0.472621 | 0.547439 |
congruence does \emph{not} hold. In particular, the polynomial $P:=T^o+1\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ is squarefree, because
\[
\gcd(P,P')=\gcd(T^o+1,oT^{o-1})=1.
\]
Moreover, since $o$ is odd, we can write $T^o+1=(T+1)\cdot Q$ where
\[
Q:=T^{o-1}-T^{o-2}+T^{o-3}\mp\cdots-T+1.
\]
Since
\[
Q(-1)=o\not=0,
\]
we have $\gcd(Q,T+1)=1$. Furthermore, $Q(0)=1\not=0$, so $\gcd(Q,T)=1$ as well. In summary, we note that the three polynomials $T,T+1,Q\in\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ are non-constant, squarefree and pairwise coprime (as in the assumptions of the Davenport-Weil Lemma \ref{davenportLem}).
Using Lemmas \ref{carlitzLem}(1) and \ref{discLogLem}, we see that the number of $\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q$ that satisfy conditions (1)--(4) from above is
\[
N:=\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{f_{q-1}(\xi)f_{\frac{q-1}{d}}((\xi+1)^{d-1}(\xi^o+1))g_{d,1}(\xi+1)g_{d,1}(\xi^o+1)}.
\]
Using Lemma \ref{carlitzLem}(2) and the definition of $g_{d,i}$ from Lemma \ref{discLogLem}, we can rewrite this into
\begin{equation}\label{nRewrittenEq}
N=\frac{\phi(q-1)\phi(\frac{q-1}{d})}{(q-1)^2d^2}\sum_{z_1,z_2\mid q-1}{\frac{\mu(z_1)\mu(\frac{z_2}{\gcd(z_2,d)})}{\phi(z_1)\phi(\frac{z_2}{\gcd(z_2,d)})}\sum_{\psi_1,\psi_2: \atop \operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)\mid d}{\frac{1}{(\psi_1\psi_2)(\omega)}\sum_{\chi_1,\chi_2: \atop \operatorname{ord}(\chi_i)=z_i}{S(\vec{P},\vec{\nu})}}}
\end{equation}
where $\vec{P}=(P_1,P_2,P_3):=(T,T+1,Q)$, $\vec{\nu}=(\nu_1,\nu_2,\nu_3):=(\chi_1,\chi_2^d\psi_1\psi_2,\chi_2\psi_2)$ and, as by the definition in Lemma \ref{davenportLem},
\[
S(\vec{P},\vec{\nu})=\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{F}_q}{(\chi_1(\xi)\cdot(\chi_2^d\psi_1\psi_2)(\xi+1)\cdot(\chi_2\psi_2)(Q(\xi)))}.
\]
We now analyze this character sum using Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}. We write
\[
N=N_{\mathrm{large}}+N_{\mathrm{small}}
\]
where $N_{\mathrm{large}}$ is the sum of all the summands in formula (\ref{nRewrittenEq}) for which $S(\vec{P},\vec{\nu})$ is large, i.e., where $S(\vec{P},\vec{\nu})$ is of the form
\[
q-|\operatorname{Null}(P_1P_2P_3)|=q-|\operatorname{Null}(T(T^o+1))|>q-q^{\epsilon},
\]
where the last inequality uses that
\[
|\operatorname{Null}(T(T^o+1))|\leq\deg(T(T^o+1))=o+1=ud-(d-1)+1\leq ud<q^{\epsilon}.
\]
By Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}, $S(\vec{P},\vec{\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.012832 | 2.35223 | -0.57192 | 0.281182 |
nu})$ is of this form if and only if each of the three characters $\nu_i$ is the principal character $\chi_0$, which is equivalent to the three character equalities $\chi_1=\chi_0$, $\psi_2=\chi_2^{-1}$ and $\psi_1=\chi_2^{1-d}$. In particular, we then necessarily have
\[
z_1=\operatorname{ord}(\chi_1)=1
\]
and
\[
z_2=\operatorname{ord}(\chi_2)=\operatorname{ord}(\psi_2)\mid d
\]
as well as
\[
\operatorname{ord}(\psi_1)=\operatorname{ord}(\chi_2^{1-d})=\frac{z_2}{\gcd(z_2,d-1)}=z_2.
\]
Conversely, if $z$ is a divisor of $d$ and $\psi_1$ and $\psi_2$ are fixed multiplicative characters of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of order $z$, then there are unique choices for the multiplicative characters $\chi_1$ and $\chi_2$ such that $\operatorname{ord}(\chi_2)=z$ and each character product $\nu_i=\nu_i(\chi_1,\chi_2,\psi_1,\psi_2)$ is principal.
Therefore, we see that the sum of the summands in formula (\ref{nRewrittenEq}) in which $S(\vec{P},\vec{\nu})$ is large equals
\begin{align*}
N_{\mathrm{large}}=&\frac{\phi(q-1)\phi(\frac{q-1}{d})}{(q-1)^2d^2}\sum_{z\mid d}{\frac{\mu(1)^2}{\phi(1)^2}\sum_{\psi_1,\psi_2:\operatorname{ord}(\psi_i)=z}{\frac{1}{(\psi_1\psi_2)(\omega)}}\left(q-|\operatorname{Null}(T(T^o+1))|\right)} \\
&=\frac{\phi(q-1)\phi(\frac{q-1}{d})}{(q-1)^2d^2}\left(q-|\operatorname{Null}(T(T^o+1))|\right)\sum_{z\mid d}{\left(\sum_{\operatorname{ord}(\psi)=z}{\psi(\omega)^{-1}}\right)^2} \\
&>\frac{\phi(q-1)\phi(\frac{q-1}{d})}{(q-1)^2d^2}\left(q-q^{\epsilon}\right)\sum_{z\mid d}{\mu(z)^2} \\
&=\frac{2\phi(q-1)\phi(\frac{q-1}{d})}{(q-1)^2d^2}\left(q-q^{\epsilon}\right),
\end{align*}
where the last equality uses our assumption that $d$ is a prime. Using that for each $\delta>0$, the Euler totient function $\phi$ grows faster than $n\mapsto n^{1-\delta}$, we conclude that if $q$ is large enough (relative to $d$), then
\[
N_{\mathrm{large}}\geq\frac{2(q-1)^{1-\delta}\left(\frac{q-1}{d}\right)^{1-\delta}}{(q-1)^2d^2}\cdot\left(q-q^{\epsilon}\right)=\frac{2}{d^{3-\delta}}\cdot\frac{q-q^{\epsilon}}{(q-1)^{2\delta}}\geq\frac{2}{d^3}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{q}{q^{2\delta}}=\frac{1}{d^3}q^{1-2\delta}.
\]
It remains to show that asymptotically, $N_{\mathrm{small}}$ grows more slowly than $N_{\mathrm{large}}$. Using Lemma \ref{davenportPlusLem}(1), the bound $\deg(T(T^o+1))<q^{\epsilon}$ from above, as well as the triangle inequality (and observing that the absolute value of a multiplicative character value is always at most $1$), we find that
\begin{align*}
|N_{\mathrm{small}}|&\leq\frac{1}{d^2}\sum_{z_1,z_2\mid q-1}{\frac{1}{\phi(z_1)\phi(\frac{z_2}{\gcd(z_2,d)})}\sum_{\psi_1,\psi_2:\operatorname{ord | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.099778 | 2.21726 | -0.877665 | 0.060461 |
}(\psi_i)\mid d}{\frac{1}{1}\sum_{\chi_1,\chi_2:\operatorname{ord}(\chi_i)=z_i}{\left(q^{\epsilon+\frac{1}{2}}\right)}}} \\
&=\frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}}{d^2}\cdot\sum_{z_1,z_2\mid q-1}{\frac{d^2\phi(z_1)\phi(z_2)}{\phi(z_1)\phi(\frac{z_2}{\gcd(z_2,d)})}}=q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}\sum_{z_1,z_2\mid q-1}{\frac{\phi(z_2)}{\phi(\frac{z_2}{\gcd(z_2,d)})}} \\
&\leq q^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}\sum_{z_1,z_2\mid q-1}{d}=dq^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}\tau(q-1)^2.
\end{align*}
The number of divisors function $\tau$ grows more slowly than $n\mapsto n^{\delta}$. Therefore, if $q$ is large enough relative to $d$, we have
\[
|N_{\mathrm{small}}|\leq dq^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}q^{2\delta}=dq^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon+2\delta}.
\]
With $\epsilon:=\frac{1}{8}$ and $\delta:=\frac{1}{16}$, this indeed grows more slowly than the lower bound $\frac{1}{d^3}q^{1-2\delta}$ for $N_{\mathrm{large}}$. Since $N_{\mathrm{large}}\to\infty$ as $q\to\infty$, this shows in particular that $N=N_{\mathrm{large}}+N_{\mathrm{small}}\geq 1$ if $q$ is large enough (relative to $d$), as we needed to show.
\section{Concluding remarks}\label{sec7}
In this section, we discuss some open questions relating to our Theorem \ref{mainTheo3}. The first is the following:
\begin{question}\label{openQues1}
Is it true that all large enough finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$ admit a non-additive complete mapping $f$ with $f(0)=0$ such that both $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ permute $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ cyclically?
\end{question}
Note that Theorem \ref{mainTheo3} states that this is true as long as we assume $d\mid q-1$ for some fixed integer $d>1$, i.e., as long as $q-1$ has some small nontrivial divisor $d$. However, this is not the case for every $q$ (think of $q-1$ being a Mersenne prime). For prime powers $q$ where $q-1$ has only large prime divisors, our method of using cyclotomic mappings breaks down, and one would need a different method for constructing $f$.
Both other open questions pertain to other combinations of cycle structures of $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$. For example, what about other cycle structures of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations with only long cycles on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$:
\begin{question}\label{openQues2}
Let $d$ be a positive integer, and let $\epsilon>0$. Is it true that there is a constant $C_3=C_3(d,\epsilon)$ such that if
\begin{itemize}
\item $q$ is a prime power with $q\geq C_3(d,\epsilon)$ and
\item $\gamma_1,\gamma_2$ are cycle types of index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutations of $\mathbb{F}_q$ all of whose cycles on $\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$ are of length at least $\epsilon q$,
\end{itemize}
then there is an index $d$ first-order cyclotomic permutation $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $f$ is a complete mapping, $\operatorname{CT}(f)=\gamma_1$ and $\operatorname{CT}(f+\operatorname{id})=\gamma_2$?
\end{question}
Of course, further generalizations of Question \ref{openQues2} are also imaginable, such as asking for control over the | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.277894 | 2.279554 | -0.234794 | 0.592975 |
cycle types of $f$ and $f+c\operatorname{id}$ for some $c\in\mathbb{F}_q^{\ast}$, or perhaps even over the cycle types of $f+c_1\operatorname{id},f+c_2\operatorname{id},\ldots,f+c_r\operatorname{id}$ where $c_1,\ldots,c_r\in\mathbb{F}_q$ are pairwise distinct.
Finally, we would like to discuss a variant of the situation in Theorem \ref{mainTheo3} already hinted at at the end of Subsection \ref{subsec1P1}. For the purposes of the remaining discussion, let us introduce the following non-standard terminology:
\begin{definition}\label{niceDef}
A complete mapping $f$ of a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ is called \emph{special} if $f$ permutes the elements of $\mathbb{F}_q$ cyclically, and $f+\operatorname{id}$ permutes $q-1$ elements of $\mathbb{F}_q$ cyclically (and has one fixed point).
\end{definition}
We note that special complete mappings $f$ are the most extreme as far as simultaneous long cycles of $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ are concerned. Indeed, it is not possible to have a complete mapping $f$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that both $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ consist of just one $q$-cycle each. This is because $f+\operatorname{id}$ is a so-called \emph{orthomorphism} of $\mathbb{F}_q$ (a permutation $g$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $g-\operatorname{id}$ is also a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$), and it is known (see e.g.~\cite[Lemma 4]{HK09a}) that every orthomorphism of $\mathbb{F}_q$ has precisely one fixed point.
For the same reason, $\mathbb{F}_q$ cannot have a special complete mapping if $q$ is even: In characteristic $2$, complete mappings and orthomorphisms are the same, and so if $f$ is a complete mapping of a finite field of characteristic $2$, then both $f$ and $f+\operatorname{id}$ have precisely one fixed point.
On the other hand, there are examples of odd-characteristic finite fields with a special complete mapping. The following is the only systematic (and possibly infinite, see below) family of examples known to the authors:
\begin{proposition}\label{niceProp}
Let $p$ be a prime such that $2$ is a primitive root modulo $p$. Then for every $b\in\mathbb{F}_p^{\ast}$, the function
\[
f:\mathbb{F}_p\rightarrow\mathbb{F}_p,x\mapsto x+b,
\]
is a special complete mapping of $\mathbb{F}_p$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
It is clear that $f$, being a nontrivial element of the regular representation of the additive group $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ on itself, is a $p$-cycle. Moreover, $p$ is necessarily odd by assumption, so $f+\operatorname{id}:x\mapsto 2x+b$ is also a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_p$. Since $f+\operatorname{id}$ is an orthomorphism of $\mathbb{F}_p$, it has precisely one fixed point (namely $-b$). Moreover, observe that for each positive integer $\ell$, we have
\[
(f+\operatorname{id})^{\ell}(x)=2^{\ell}x+b(1+2+2^2+\cdots+2^{\ell-1})=2^{\ell}x+(2^{\ell}-1)b.
\]
By assumption, if $\ell\in\{2,3,\ldots,p-2\}$, then $2^{\ell}\not\equiv1\Mod{p}$, so $2^{\ell}-1$ is nonzero in $\mathbb{F}_p$ and thus a unit in $\mathbb{F}_p$. It follows that the equation
\[
2^{\ell}x+(2^{\ell}-1)b=(f+\operatorname{id})^{\ell}(x)=x
\]
has precisely one solution (the fixed point $-b$ of $f+\operatorname{id}$), so $f$ has no cycles of any length $\ell\in\{2,3,\ldots,p-2\}$. This means | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.682736 | 2.466435 | 0.278516 | 0.977497 |
Kamienica przy ulicy Warszawskiej 35 w Katowicach – zabytkowa kamienica mieszkalno-handlowa, położona przy ulicy Warszawskiej 35 w Katowicach-Śródmieściu. Została ona wybudowana w 1894 roku w stylu neobarokowym i charakteryzuje się bogato udekorowaną fasadą.
Historia
Kamienica została oddana do użytku w 1894 roku, zaś cztery lata później, w 1898 roku wzniesiono oficynę boczną. W 1935 roku właścicielem budynku przy ówczesnej ulicy Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 35 był Henryk Weinmann. W dniu 31 października 1991 roku budynek wpisano do rejestru zabytków.
Dnia 25 listopada 2008 roku radna Rady Miasta Katowice Ewa Kołodziej złożyła interpelację w sprawie złego stanu technicznego dachu należącej wówczas do miasta kamienicy, a wraz z tym konieczności jego naprawy. W odpowiedzi z 15 grudnia 2008 roku Komunalny Zakład Gospodarki Mieszkaniowej w Katowicach potwierdził konieczność pilnego remontu dachu i obiecał przeprowadzić niezbędne prace.
Pod koniec 2015 roku z kamienicy wyprowadzili się wszyscy dotychczasowi mieszkańcy i od tego czasu budynek stał opuszczony. Przejęciem budynku było zainteresowane Katowickie Towarzystwo Budownictwa Społecznego, lecz wpis kamienicy do rejestru zabytków, jej stan techniczny i związane z tym koszty ewentualnego odnowienia odstąpiło TBS od planów przejęcia zabytku.
W dniu 24 lutego 2020 roku miasto Katowice wystawiło zabytkową kamienicę wraz z oficyną (budynki nr 35, 35a i 35b) na sprzedaż w drodze przetargu. Cena wywoławcza wynosiła wówczas 3,7 mln złotych. Do przetargu, który się odbył 10 września 2020 roku dopuszczono łącznie trzy podmioty, a zespół budynków za kwotę 5,032 mln złotych nabyła spółka Black Pearl Property.
Na początku 2022 roku w systemie REGON był czynne dwa aktywne podmioty gospodarcze z siedzibą przy ulicy Warszawskiej 35.
Charakterystyka
Zabytkowa kamienica mieszkalno-handlowa położona jest przy ulicy Warszawskiej 35 w katowickiej dzielnicy Śródmieście.
Jest ona wybudowana w stylu neobarokowym, na rzucie w kształcie prostokąta, pokryta dachem półmansardowym. Powierzchnia użytkowa budynku wynosi 1795,73 m², zaś powierzchnia zabudowy 280 m². Kamienica posiada cztery kondygnacje nadziemne, użytkowe poddasze oraz podpiwniczenie.
Fasada kamienicy posiada bogatą dekorację sztukatorską. Na jej dwóch skrajnych osiach znajdują się ryzality, które na wysokości czwartej kondygnacji zwieńczono płytą balkonową, na których urządzono balkony. Nad nimi znajdują się ściany szczytowe w formie bogato zdobionych lukarn, wzbogaconych m.in. w nawiązujące architektonicznie do stylu barokowego esownice. | [
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Making a poet of a literary man.
Style is often associated with its facade: the articles and accoutrements that build one's wardrobe. But style starts deeper than that, within the man it mantles. It's an insatiable force that must be fed to be accessible, and every experience it is given pays off tenfold. Investing in experiences, such as a solitary day getting lost in a new city, contributes to style in a way that is deep-rooted and enduring. With it's artistic, cultural, and architectural history, Munich is certain to enlighten any man, even if just for a day, and we were lucky enough to have photographer Brenn Borror visually capture this experience for us.
The magic of Munich was immediately evident upon reviewing Brenn's photographs. Prior to viewing, I had considered prominent Münchner composers, such as Richard Wagner, the repetitive leitmotifs in his music, and the way that device later showed up in Thomas Mann's literary work. I knew I wanted to emulate this in whatever I wrote about the city, but I never expected to see that very device distinctly reflected in the scenes Brenn captured. A cool palette of geometric patterns flowed in and out of each shot, visually articulating what I had hoped to eloquently capture in writing. Almost romantically, the cobblestone streets were apparent underground in the circular ceiling panels of the metro. The Olympic stadium embodied the massive undulating rhythm of the Alps and the minuscule glittering cobwebs of the morning. In places like this, the history is palpable.
But that's enough from me. I'll let Brenn's photos (and captions from the road) convince you.
That May day, Munich was luminous.
The weather in Munich that week was similar to what you'd find on a spring day in the Pacific Northwest: overcast and rainy. It wasn't cold enough to warrant a heavy coat, but the late spring weather was a persistent reminder that, while I was in a large modern city, I was still walking within eyesight of the alps.
It was important to remind myself, I think, that while I was still separated from the melting pot that is the United States, all major cities in the world play home to a vast variety of cultures. Walking through the Marienplatz I was surrounded by a mixture of languages, styles and movement. There were buskers playing American blues guitar while singing in German, the closest restaurants to me were Thai and Mexican and Italian. One particularly distinctive thing that I noticed was that the streets were filled with German vehicles – Mercedes, Mini Coopers, BMWs (cars and motorcycles). While the people of the city were varied, the architecture, vehicles, and design felt distinctly German. In addition to this, there was one day after Bayern Munich had won a game that it felt like the entire city came together to rally in the Marienplatz. Almost every German I saw that day was wearing a jersey under their Sunday lederhosen. I've never seen a city come around a team like that to celebrate its victory.
My goal in photographing a city is to capture its mood. While this can be done through photographing people or food, I prefer to highlight the structures. We are constantly surrounded by design without ever interacting with it or appreciating it. We recognize the immediate in our life – the conversation we just had, the fact that our feet hurt from walking, the crowded spaces that can feel both suffocating and exciting. Oftentimes we only focus on those immediate things. We rarely take the time to reflect on the things that we don't directly interact with – a skyline, the patterns in a structure, the layout of a city block. While we don't often think of those as affecting us, they certainly do, particularly in the sense that they can change the mood we're in or the mood we associate with a city. So often a city's defining characteristic is its structures, whether those be the literal organization/layout of the city, or the buildings. I like to take photos of cities and landscapes because they don't ask for attention and I don't have to make them pose.
I was dropped in the city without any means of personal transportation for 4 days – which led to a lot of walking. I was traveling in a larger group that I toured some distinct locations with – Dachau, the olympic park, the BMW museum | [
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Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Commerce National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic; Southeast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR); Public Meeting, 10468-10469 [2017-02888]
Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic; Southeast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR); Public Meeting, 10468-10469 [2017-02888]
Download as PDF 10468 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 28 / Monday, February 13, 2017 / Notices jstallworth on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES monuments, international requirements, and other laws regulating shipping, pollution, etc. NMFS has evaluated the potential environmental impacts of the deep-set longline fisheries in previous National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses. In a 2001 EIS, NMFS evaluated the potential impacts on target and non-target stocks, protected marine species (sea turtles, marine mammals, etc.), fishermen, and other parameters. In a 2005 EIS, NMFS evaluated the potential impacts on seabirds. In a 2009 PEIS, NMFS evaluated the potential impacts when the Council and NMFS developed and implemented five geographically based FEPs, including the Pelagic FEP. Additionally, NMFS has evaluated, through separate NEPA analyses, the potential impacts of several FEP amendments and additional regulatory changes since 2009. In the current PEIS, NMFS and the Council will evaluate the direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental impacts of U.S. Pacific Island deep-set longline fisheries. The proposed federal action is the continued authorization of the U.S. Pacific Island deep-set tuna longline fisheries of American Samoa, Guam, CNMI, and Hawaii, including vessels based on the U.S. west coast, as managed under the FEP and other applicable laws. The purpose of the proposed action is to maintain viable domestic deep-set tuna longline fisheries, while ensuring the long-term sustainability of fishery resources, and the conservation of protected species and their habitats. The need for the proposed action is to manage deep-set tuna longline fisheries under an adaptive management framework that allows for timely management responses to changing environmental conditions, consistent with domestic and international conservation and management measures. Although each deep-set longline fishery managed under the FEP generally operates in a similar manner, each fishery is subject to a unique set of conservation and management issues and regulatory framework. Accordingly, the scope of the analyses would be programmatic in nature. Specifically, NMFS is seeking input from the public on issues that NMFS should address in the draft PEIS related to management of the deep-set longline fisheries, including catch of target species (e.g., tunas) and non-target species (e.g., sharks), interactions with protected species, and impacts on the pelagic ecosystem. This will assist NMFS and the Council in determining the scope of the environmental issues, and in developing of a reasonable range of fishery management alternatives to analyze in the draft PEIS. There will be an opportunity for the public to comment on the draft PEIS when it is published. You may find more information about deep-set tuna longline fisheries managed under the FEP and the progress of the PEIS at http://www.fpir.noaa.gov/SFD/SFD_ regs_index.html. Public Involvement We are notifying the public that NMFS intends to prepare a PEIS, and will hold a series of public scoping meetings to describe the management of deep-set longline fisheries under the FEP. We invite comments from the public at the early stage of environmental effects analysis planning. 7. Mangilao, GU Thursday, March 9, 2017, University of Guam, CNAS 127, University Dr., Mangilao, GU 96923. VerDate Sep<11>2014 13:41 Feb 10, 2017 Jkt 241001 Meetings NMFS will hold public meetings at the | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.840177 | 0.571669 | 0.220684 | 0.315967 |
dates and locations below. All meetings will be from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. 1. Hilo, HI Tuesday, February 21, 2017, Edith Kanakaole Hall, Room 122, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720. 2. Honolulu, HI Thursday, February 23, 2017, Nuuanu Elementary School, Cafeteria, 3055 Puiwa Ln., Honolulu, HI 96817. 3. Pago Pago, AS Tuesday, February 28, 2017, Sadie's By the Sea, Upstairs Conference Room, Utulei Beach, Rte. 1, Pago Pago, AS 96799. 4. Tafuna, AS Wednesday, March 1, 2017, NOAA GMD/PIFSC Compound Tafuna (West Location), 8043 Tasi St., Tafuna, AS 96799. 5. Pago Pago, AS Thursday, March 2, 2017, PC Mauga Tasi Asuega Fale Tele (East Location), Village of Pago Pago, AS 96799. 6. Saipan, MP Tuesday, March 7, 2017, Pedro P. Tenorio Multipurpose Center, Beach Rd., Susupe, Saipan, MP 96950. Special Accommodations NMFS will make every attempt to make these meetings accessible to people with disabilities. Direct any PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 requests for sign language interpretation, physical assistance, or other auxiliary aids to Ariel Jacobs at (808) 725–5182 at least five days prior to the meeting date. Dated: February 7, 2017. Karen H. Abrams, Acting Deputy Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service. [FR Doc. 2017–02820 Filed 2–10–17; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510–22–P DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648–XF220 Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic; Southeast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR); Public Meeting National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of SEDAR 54 Data webinar for HMS Sandbar Shark. AGENCY: The SEDAR 54 assessment process of HMS Sandbar Shark will consist of a series of assessment webinars. See SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. DATES: The SEDAR 54 Data webinar will be held March 9, 2017, from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m., Eastern Time. ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held via webinar. The webinar is open to members of the public. Those interested in participating should contact Julie A. Neer at SEDAR (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) to request an invitation providing webinar access information. Please request webinar invitations at least 24 hours in advance of each webinar. SEDAR address: 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, North Charleston, SC 29405. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Julie A. Neer, SEDAR Coordinator; (843) 571– 4366; email: [email protected]. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, and Caribbean Fishery Management Councils, in conjunction with NOAA Fisheries and the Atlantic and Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commissions have implemented the Southeast Data, Assessment and Review (SEDAR) process, a multi-step method for determining the status of | [
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fish stocks in the Southeast Region. SEDAR is a multistep process including: (1) Data Workshop, (2) a series of assessment webinars, and (3) A Review Workshop. SUMMARY: E:\FR\FM\13FEN1.SGM 13FEN1 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 28 / Monday, February 13, 2017 / Notices The product of the Data Workshop is a report that compiles and evaluates potential datasets and recommends which datasets are appropriate for assessment analyses. The assessment webinars produce a report that describes the fisheries, evaluates the status of the stock, estimates biological benchmarks, projects future population conditions, and recommends research and monitoring needs. The product of the Review Workshop is an Assessment Summary documenting panel opinions regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the stock assessment and input data. Participants for SEDAR Workshops are appointed by the Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, and Caribbean Fishery Management Councils and NOAA Fisheries Southeast Regional Office, HMS Management Division, and Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Participants include data collectors and database managers; stock assessment scientists, biologists, and researchers; constituency representatives including fishermen, environmentalists, and NGO's; International experts; and staff of Councils, Commissions, and state and federal agencies. The items of discussion during the Data webinar are as follows: Panelists will present summary data and discuss data needs and treatments. Although non-emergency issues not contained in this agenda may come before this group for discussion, those issues may not be the subject of formal action during this meeting. Action will be restricted to those issues specifically identified in this notice and any issues arising after publication of this notice that require emergency action under section 305(c) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, provided the public has been notified of the intent to take final action to address the emergency. Special Accommodations The meeting is physically accessible to people with disabilities. Requests for sign language interpretation or other auxiliary aids should be directed to the Council office (see ADDRESSES) at least 5 business days prior to each workshop. jstallworth on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES Note: The times and sequence specified in this agenda are subject to change. Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq. Dated: February 8, 2017. Tracey L. Thompson, Acting Deputy Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service. [FR Doc. 2017–02888 Filed 2–10–17; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510–22–P VerDate Sep<11>2014 13:41 Feb 10, 2017 Jkt 241001 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advisory Committee for the Sustained National Climate Assessment Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Commerce (DOC). ACTION: Notice of public meeting. AGENCY: The Advisory Committee for the Sustained National Climate Assessment will hold its next meeting at the time and location listed below. DATES: The public meeting will be held on Tuesday, March 7 and Wednesday, March 8, 2017. Registration, written statements, requests to make oral comments, and requests for special accommodations should be received at one of the addresses below on or before February 28, 2017. The meeting is scheduled for 8:00 a.m. EST to 5:30 p.m. EST both days. There will be a 30-minute public comment period on March 7 from 4:30 to 5:00 p.m. These times and the agenda topics described below are subject to change. Please refer to the Web page http://sncaadvisorycommittee.noaa.gov/ Meetings.aspx for the most up-to-date meeting times and agenda. ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held at the DoubleTree, 8120 Wisconsin Ave., Beth | [
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esda, Maryland 20814–3624. Individuals and groups may register, submit written statements, request to make oral comments, and/or request special accommodations (see additional information below) by either of the following methods: • Send an email message to [email protected]. Please include 'March 2017 Meeting' on the subject line; or • Send paper statements to Laura Letson, Advisory Committee Executive Director, SSMC3, Room 11359, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. SUMMARY: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Laura Letson, Advisory Committee Executive Director, SSMC3, Room 11359, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910; Email: [email protected]; or visit the Advisory Committee Web site http://sncaadvisorycommittee.noaa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Matters to be Considered: The meeting will include updates on:(1) The Fourth National Climate Assessment process; (2) data and tools developed to PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 10469 support sustained assessment; (3) approaches to sustained partnerships developed in regional science organizations and other groups; (4) state-level assessment activities; and (5) the Advisory Committee's work plan. Meeting material, including work products will be made available on the Advisory Committee's Web site: http:// sncaadvisorycommittee.noaa.gov/ Meetings.aspx. Written Comments: Pursuant to section 10(a) (3) of the FACA and 41 CFR 102–3.105(j) and 102–3.140, the public or interested organizations may submit written comments to the Advisory Committee in response to the stated agenda and meeting material. The Advisory Committee expects that public statements presented at its meetings will not be repetitive of previously submitted verbal or written statements. Comments may be submitted to Executive Director at the contact information indicated above. Written comments should be received in the Executive Director's Office by February 28 to provide sufficient time for Advisory Committee review. Written comments received by the Executive Director after February 28, will be distributed to the Advisory Committee, but may not be reviewed prior to the meeting date. Oral Comments: In addition to written statements, members of the public may present oral comments during the public comment period on March 7, 2017. Time will be allocated on a firstcome, first-served basis. Time allotted for an individual's comment period will be limited to no more than 3 minutes. If the number of registrants requesting to speak is greater than can be reasonably accommodated during the scheduled public comment periods, written comments can be submitted in lieu of oral comments. To request to make oral comments, please use the contact information indicated above. Registration: Individuals and groups who wish to attend the public meeting are requested to pre-register by February 28, 2017. To register, please use the contact information indicated above. Special Accommodations: These meetings are physically accessible to people with disabilities. Please submit requests for special accommodations by 5:00 p.m. ET on February 28, 2017 to the contact information indicated above. E:\FR\FM\13FEN1.SGM 13FEN1
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 28 (Monday, February 13, 2017)]
RIN 0648-XF220
Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic; Southeast Data,
Assessment, and Review (SEDAR); Public Meeting
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of SEDAR 54 Data webinar for HMS Sandbar Shark.
SUMMARY: The SEDAR 54 assessment process of HMS Sandbar Shark will
consist of a series of assessment webinars. See SUPPLEMENTARY | [
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McGinn: McCarthy must turn tide on turnovers
Talk of turnover differential oftentimes creeps into Mike McCarthy's remarks after games.
McGinn: McCarthy must turn tide on turnovers Talk of turnover differential oftentimes creeps into Mike McCarthy's remarks after games. Check out this story on packersnews.com: http://pck.rs/2fGotK8
Bob McGinn, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Published 5:12 p.m. CT Nov. 19, 2016 | Updated 5:54 p.m. CT Nov. 19, 2016
Packers head coach Mike McCarthy watches the action during a preseason game against the Cleveland Browns.(Photo: Mark Hoffman, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)
Washington – Talk of turnover differential oftentimes creeps into Mike McCarthy's opening remarks after games.
The subject of giveaways and takeaways isn't often broached in Green Bay. Just the fact that McCarthy keeps bringing up turnovers speaks volumes for the importance the 11th-year coach of the Packers attaches to them.
Frequently in interviews over the years, McCarthy has pledged allegiance to what he considers by far the most telling statistic in football other than the final score.
For a decade, McCarthy's remarkable success in this area has served as the foundation for his many accomplishments. Now, however, there is softening in the Packers' dominance, and if he doesn't get a handle on it quickly this season will be doomed and his tenure threatened.
Through nine games, the Packers have turned the ball over too much while not taking it away enough. They rank 25th in turnover differential at minus-4, a dive into the netherworld of losing teams where McCarthy hasn't ever been and surely doesn't want to remain.
Talk about uncharted territory. A 19th-place finish in 2013 (minus-3) was the worst for a McCarthy-coached team. The Packers haven't been awful in giveaways (14, tied for 19th) or takeaways (10, tied for 20th) this season, but rest assured that the minus-4 weighs on the coach as much as 4-5.
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Some say there's nothing McCarthy preaches more to his players and his coaches than turnover differential.
"We talk about it and practice it every day," safety Morgan Burnett said. "Eventually things are going to work our way."
McCarthy is accustomed to owning turnover differential. Patriots coach Bill Belichick has crushed the opposition by an even greater margin than McCarthy, but no other team even comes close.
From 2006-'15, New England ranked first in turnover differential at plus-129 followed by Green Bay at plus-92. Tied for a distant third were Carolina and Seattle at plus-36.
Rounding out the top 10 were Atlanta (plus-35), Chicago (plus-28), San Diego (plus-25), San Francisco (plus-25), Baltimore (plus-24) and Cincinnati (plus-18).
The cellar-dwellers were Oakland (minus-82), Detroit (minus-49), Cleveland (minus-32), the New York Jets (minus-31) and two teams, Denver and Jacksonville, at minus-30.
The Packers also stand at plus-6 in 15 playoff games under McCarthy. His exhibition record always has hovered around .500, but it shouldn't come as a surprise that in 11 preseasons the Packers sit plus-14.
"It's one of the biggest things he advocated when he was hired," said Mike Eayrs, the Packers' research and development director and a McCarthy confidant from 2001 until his retirement in September 2015. "His commitment to it has been absolutely outstanding."
Tackle Bryan Bulaga, who has been listening to lectures and | [
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watching power-point presentations on the topic for seven years, knew immediately the Packers were mired at minus-4. After guessing the team was "plus-25, plus-26" in McCarthy's first decade, he was taken aback to learn it was almost four times that.
"As a coach and as a man, I don't think there's anyone better than coach McCarthy," Bulaga said. "His messaging to me is very clear, it's very precise. He tells you exactly the way it is. That's exactly the way it's been since I was a rookie here."
The preeminent relationship between turnover differential and winning has been unquestioned since the 1960s.
"It's as clear a path to victory as exists in sports," said Eayrs, who spent 45 years in football. "We always divided it into two categories: giveaways and takeaways. They've been the dominant variable, to my knowledge, every year but two.
"That was when the Rams had the 'Greatest Show on Turf.' Obviously, it's a copycat league. People put a premium on explosive gains with vertical stretch. That eclipsed it for a couple seasons, but not by much. Otherwise, it's the prime correlate with winning."
The worst record for a team that finished No. 1 in turnover differential over the past 10 years was 11-5.
Vince Lombardi's plus-115 in 122 regular-season games has to rank as one of the NFL's best turnover marks ever. He was followed by coaches Phil Bengtson (minus-15), Dan Devine (plus-15), Bart Starr (minus-52), Forrest Gregg (minus-6), Lindy Infante (minus-22), Mike Holmgren (plus-7), Ray Rhodes (plus-5) and Mike Sherman (minus-14).
Sherman's collapse in this area during his last two years resulted in bad football and general manager Ted Thompson's decision to fire him and hire McCarthy.
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Due in large part to a defense coordinated by Ed Donatell that tied for second in takeaways (39) in 2001 and led the NFL (45) in '02, Sherman found himself sitting pretty at plus-24 after four seasons.
At that point, Sherman fired Donatell and promoted secondary coach Bob Slowik to replace him. Slowik was canned after one year and succeeded by Jim Bates.
Green Bay's minus-14 differential in 2004 was its worst since 1983. The minus-24 in '05 was its worst ever.
"Ed Donatell was a big buy-in and coach Sherman was a big buy-in on turnover differential," Eayrs recalled. "I'm reluctant to say a lot about it other than we changed members of our coaching staff and they didn't have the degree of buy-in.
"Essentially, the priorities of practice and our culture completely shifted. We went essentially from a swarm-type defense to a pressure defense. Our pressure percentage went way up, but the problem with that is you get away from the profile what it takes to win."
Sherman's fall should serve as a cautionary tale for the current coaches and players. They might think the turnover differential will swing their way soon but there's no guarantee that it will.
McCarthy and Eayrs regularly used the example of corporate giant General Electric to show players the importance of establishing a culture that would stand the test of time.
"The problem with everything, even GE, is eventually your continuous improvement (ends)," Eayrs said. "Complacency kind of sets in. You still have problems. It's just the problems change."
Eayrs called 2009-'11 the "golden age" when not even the Patriots (plus-51) could surpass the Packers' plus-58. Green Bay led the NFL in turnover differential in 2009 (plus-24), finished fourth in '10 (plus-10) and was second in '11 (plus-24).
"Regardless of who was in the lineup, the | [
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players really understood the message," he said.
McCarthy began devoting even more practice time to protecting and taking the ball. Spirited ball-security drills were standard early in every practice, and in recent summers McCarthy has ended workouts with every position group, even the linemen, handling the football.
Nothing was more vital than Aaron Rodgers' aversion to turnovers. According to Sportradar, not only did the Packers rank second behind New England in interceptions (120) from 2006 to the present, they ranked third in fumbles lost (64).
Coordinator Bob Sanders led the defense to respectable rankings of tied for fifth, tied for 17th and 12th in takeaways from 2006-'08.
Persuaded by Thompson not to hire a 3-4 coach initially, McCarthy fired Sanders and brought in the fire-zone scheme of Dom Capers. He turned Green Bay into the interception capital of the league with 85 in his first three seasons. The Packers led the NFL in takeaways in 2009 before tying for first in '11.
"He was big on that because of his association with Marty Schottenheimer," said Eayrs, referring to McCarthy. "The old Browns and Chiefs, giveaways and takeaways were a huge pillar of their culture."
The Packers established a club record for fewest giveaways in 2014 with 13 en route to another NFL title in turnover differential (plus-14). But since 2013, when the Packers finished with their first negative turnover differential (minus-3) under McCarthy, the bloom has been wearing off.
Capers' defense has been middle-of-the-pack when it comes to takeaways in the last 3½ years.
Since 2013, the Packers at plus-12 trail Kansas City (plus-43), Seattle (plus-41), Carolina (plus-29), New England (plus-29), Buffalo (plus-23), Arizona (plus-16) and Cincinnati (plus-15). Eighth place is a nice place to be, but it's undoubtedly not what McCarthy had in mind.
Another statistic from Sportradar was startling. Just as the Packers' interception total of 219 over the last 10½ seasons ranks No. 1 in the NFL, their total of 84 opponents' fumbles recovered ranks dead last.
Look at the first nine games this year. The Packers are tied for 30th in fumbles forced with seven, and their three recoveries are tied for 22nd.
The opponents' three lost fumbles came on a pair of sacks and Randall Cobb's strip of Viking safety Andrew Sendejo on a fumble return.
It's an awful indictment that the Packers haven't forced a single fumble on the 214 running plays.
Primarily a man coverage team under Capers, Green Bay's defenders charge downhill less often than a zone coverage team like Seattle and theoretically could be in less advantageous positions to cause fumbles. Julius Peppers and Burnett dismissed the idea that the defense lacked in hustle and physical play, but gang-tackling and explosive tackling haven't stood out.
Of the seven interceptions, three were tipped and two were terrible throws. The best play was made two months ago when Damarious Randall ripped the ball away from Lions tight end Eric Ebron.
Defining turnover plays as picks, fumbles recovered and fumbles forced, the only players with more than one are Ha Ha Clinton-Dix (three) and Joe Thomas (two). It's not that the Packers are wasting chances for interceptions; they've dropped just five all year.
Sam Shields and his 4.3 career average of turnover plays have been missed. San Diego's Casey Hayward, with a 4.0 average in Green Bay, shares the NFL interception lead with five.
Clay Matthews, who averaged 3.7 turnover plays, has none. Peppers, who had 11 two years ago, has one. Burnett, with a career mark of 4.8, has one. Quinten Rollins doesn't have any since his two interceptions in a game 1 | [
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Who Was Oscar Masotta? Response to Derbyshire
Daniel R. Quiles
RP 164 (Nov/Dec 2010) ~ Extras
Daniel R. Quiles, 'Who Was Oscar Masotta? Response to Derbyshire: Letter', Radical Philosophy 164, Nov/Dec 2010. (pdf)
Who Was Oscar Masotta? Response to DerbyshirePhilip Derbyshire ('Who Was Oscar Masotta? Psychoanalysis in Argentina', RP 158) should be commended for his insightful consideration of the literary and psychoanalytic writings of Oscar Masotta, one of the most important Argentine intellectuals of the 1960s and 1970s. I would like to make a case for juxtaposing these texts with Masotta's idiosyncratic and interdisciplinary explorations of aesthetics, which included actual artistic production between 1965 and 1967 – years omitted from Derbyshire's account. This period lies directly between the early and later phases of Masotta's writing, the former being more focused on literary criticism, the latter on Lacan. I can offer two reasons for including Masotta's brief interest in art in any larger history of his output: first, a full picture of his relationship to foreign sources only becomes clear in light of these activities, and second, there is some intriguing shared ground.
Derbyshire characterizes Masotta as a would-be 'beacon author' who struggled with and reflected upon the obligatory 'mastery-effect' implicit in translating and interpreting foreign thinkers such as Lacan for his Latin American readership. Masotta's aesthetic production, however – his El 'pop-art' lectures of 1965, essays in the collection Happenings and quasimanifesto 'Después del Pop: Nosotros desmaterializamos' (After Pop, We Dematerialize), both 1967, as well as four event-based artworks organized and executed in 1966 – does not translate or explicate textual sources so much as pilfer from and intermingle them to generate entirely novel critical and artistic models. From the start, he incorporated terms that he had previously applied to Lacan into his aesthetic theory. For example, 'code' and 'message' appear in Masotta's 1964 essay on Lacan ('The subject of psychoanalysis wanders for Lacan between the code … and the message') as well as in his argument in the El 'pop-art' lectures a year later that Warhol's repeated silkscreens of advertisements and journalistic photography 'aim to make us feel the presence of the code'. Transposing Lacan's fixation on the signifier to Warhol, Masotta developed an aesthetic system in which the work of art's purpose was to direct attention to deep structure (code) at the expense of superficial content (message).
This system lay at the heart of Masotta's calls for a new genre of art that was designed to critique and demystify artistic, mediatic and political structures for a newly enlightened viewer. His initial target was the happening, at that time the object of a media craze in Buenos Aires: chaotic, seemingly spontaneous participatory events. Masotta's artworks Para inducir al espíritu de la imagen and El helicóptero created situations in which the authenticity or presence of a given art-event was undermined. In the former, a group of seemingly impoverished people (actually played by actors) were put on display in an attempt to reveal their constructed identities; in the latter, a flyover by a helicopter was scheduled to be seen by only some of the participants, who were then obligated to describe the event to the others, converting it into information.
These works were described and explained at length in Masotta's own writings (he was artist and critic in one). They promote a structuralist awareness of one's imbrication with structures of language and power, albeit in formats and contexts that would have been alien to Lacan himself.
Between 1965 and 1967 Masotta was not content to dramatize the anxiety of influence brought on by the labours of the 'beacon author'. His engagement of contemporary art availed him to interdisciplinary critical strategies that, for a time, made him much more than a writer and a wholly independent source of ideas | [
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In the search for Communist Party, we found: 3 perfect matches, 0 partial matches and 59 other matches.
Mickiewicz, Ellen Propper.
Soviet Political Schools: The Communist Party Adult Instruction System
(Yale UP, 1967). Hardback. Ex library with minimal library stickers, good +. vi + 190pp. Order No. NSBK-A6455
Keywords: Russia, Russian, Soviet Union, USSR, education, adult education, instruction, Communism, Communists, The Communist Party Adult Instruction System, university, universities, Marxism-Leninsim, Politshkola, Bolsheviks, Bolshevism
Trory, Ernie.
Imperialist War: Further Recollections of a Communist Organiser
(Crabtree Press, 1977). Apparently signed by the author. No 0049 of a limited edition of 1000 copies. Paperback. Some browning / foxing to covers, otherwise good. 242pp. Order No. NSBK-A14167
Keywords: 0950350338, communism, communist, history, communists, communist leaders, Ernie Trory, autobiographies, autobiography, Communist Party, Britain, British, England, English, United Kingdom, UK, Sussex, Second World War, World War II
Frolich, Paul.
Rosa Luxemburg:
(Pluto, 2nd impression, 1983). Paperback. Very good. xx + 329pp. Order No. NSBK-A14589
Keywords: 0902818198, Rosa Luxemburg, women, working classes, working class movement, biography, biographies, communism, communist, Communist Party, Germany, German, socialism, socialist, socialists, Social Democratic Party
The Labour Party, .
Discrimination Against Women: Report of a Labour Party Study Group
(The Labour Party, 1972). Opposition Green Paper. Paperback. Covers browned, otherwise good. 45pp. Order No. NSBK-C10598
Keywords: 0900507306, women, woman, women's history, women's movement, feminism, women's studies, feminists, Britain, British, England, English, government, opposition, green paper, discrimination, equal rights, equal pay, Labour party, socialism, twentieth century, education, work, industrial training, employment, pay, social services, social security, taxation, law
Barker, Rodney.
Education and Politics, 1900-1951: a Study of the Labour Party
(Clarendon, 1972). Hardback. Ex library, but generally good in dustwrapper. viii + 173pp. Order No. NSBK-A726
Keywords: 0198271859, party politics, Labour party, education, politics, Britain, British, England, English, history
Winstanley, Michael.
Gladstone and the Liberal Party:
(Routledge, 1990). Paperback. Fine. xi + 77pp. Order No. NSBK-A11487
Keywords: 0415035740, William Ewart Gladstone, Victorian, Victorian period, nineteenth century, 19th, Britain, British, England, English, history, United Kingdom, UK, politics, political, politicians, government, crime, criminals, legal, illegal, law and order, Liberals, liberalism, Liberal Party
Pelling, Henry.
A Short History of the Labour Party:
(Macmillan, 8th ed., 1985). Paperback. Good. vii + 202pp. Order No. NSBK-A919
Keywords: 0333386922, Britain, British, England, English, history, Labour, Labour party, party politics, politics, labour movement, socialism, socialists, socialist
Hamilton, Mary Agnes.
The Labour Party Today: What it is, and How it Works
(Labour Book Service, 1939). Scarce. With a section | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.347115 | 0.436699 | 0.598158 | 0.724522 |
Il 24 cm schwere Flügelminenwerfer Albrecht o 24 cm sFIMW Albrecht (in italiano: "lanciamine pesante da 24 cm modello Albrecht") era una bombarda o lanciamine (Minenwerfer) di grosso calibro utilizzata dall'Esercito imperiale tedesco durante la prima guerra mondiale.
Storia
Sebbene la maggior parte degli eserciti combattenti disponesse di artiglieria campale pesante prima dello scoppio della Grande Guerra, nessuno di essi ne disponeva in numero adeguato, né aveva previsto la crescente importanza dell'artiglieria pesante una volta che il Fronte occidentale ristagnò, trasformandosi in guerra di trincea.
Mine, mitragliatrici, trincee e filo spinato costituivano una costante minaccia per le fanterie attaccanti. Il filo spinato veniva spesso utilizzato per canalizzare gli attaccanti lontano da punti vulnerabili delle trincee dei difensori, verso aree predefinite battute dal fuoco incrociato delle mitragliatrici o della propria artiglieria. Linee di reticolati venivano utilizzate anche per ritardare la corsa degli attaccanti, consentendo ai difensori di appostarsi delle trincee e tenere gli attaccanti a distanza di sicurezza, in attesa del tiro di sbarramento amico.
Per superare questa situazione di stallo, era necessario fornire gli attaccanti una pezzo di artiglieria pesante facilmente trasportabile, leggero, semplice ed economico. Per rispondere a queste esigenze venne sviluppata una serie di mortai da trincea pesanti, che potevano essere portati al seguito delle forze attaccanti per lanciare bombardamenti preparatori pesanti a corto raggio, eliminando gli ostacoli e neutralizzando le difese nemiche.
Sviluppo
Ispirato al riuscito Mortier de 240 mm francese introdotto nel 1915, lIngenieur Komitee (Comitato ingegneristico) o IKO dell'Esercito imperiale nel 1916 propose un progetto per un mortaio pesante direttamente derivato, il 24 cm schwerer Flügelminenwerfer IKO, entrato in produzione nel 1917. Nello stesso anno una variante più complessa venne prodotta dalla ditta Albrecht e denominata 24 cm schwere Flügelminenwerfer Albrecht o 24 cm sFIMW 17 Albrecht. Furono costruiti 700 esemplari di entrambi i modelli.
Tecnica
Come il precedente IKO, il mortaio Albrecht era un'arma a canna liscia ad avancarica, che utilizzava proietti e cariche di lancio separate. La canna era composta da due sezioni, separabili per il trasporto, ed era incavalcata su un affusto su piastra circolare che brandeggiava su 360° su una robusta piattaforma in legno. La piattaforma era dotata di assale per l'installazione delle ruote per il traino. Il meccanismo di elevazione era più robusto di quello dell'IKO, ma rendeva il pezzo più pesante di 1.010 kg. Tuttavia la gittata era superiore di 450 m rispetto al predecessore.
Il mortaio veniva caricato inserendo dalla volata la carica propellente e avvitando una capsula a percussione sulla culatta. Veniva poi inserita, sempre dalla volata, la bomba da mortaio da 100 kg, dotata di 4 alette di stabilizzazione. Lo sparo veniva comandato da una cordicella che azionava il cane. Sia lIKO che lAlbrecht utilizzavano lo stesso munizionamento.
Galleria d'immagini
Note
Bibliografia
Voci correlate
Bombarda da 240 mm
Altri progetti
Artiglier | [
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Home / Mumbai News / A day's break and FYJC admission website for Mumbai is up and running again
A day's break and FYJC admission website for Mumbai is up and running again
Mumbai city news: The new admission portal was shut on Wednesday for maintenance after it repeatedly crashed over the weekend
mumbai Updated: Jun 30, 2017 23:58 IST
Puja Pednekar & Bhakti Makwana
Education officers believe that almost all aspirants have now signed up for online registrations.(HT FILE)
Around 2.30 lakh students have registered online for first year junior college (FYJC) admissions by Thursday, when the website re-opened after repairs. Though the website again slowed down in the evening, the state's education department assured it won't crash.
The new admission portal was shut on Wednesday for maintenance after it repeatedly crashed over the weekend. The department has now added extra servers and increased the capacity of existing ones.
On Thursday, the number of applicants, who completed the second part of the form and thus the online registration, shot up to 1.75 lakh. This number was 75,000 before the website was shut on Wednesday.
Education officers believe that almost all aspirants have now signed up for online registrations. "I think more or less all students have registered online. We are expecting 4,000 to 5,000 more registrations," said BB Chavan, deputy director of education, Mumbai region. Last year, 2.33 lakh students had applied for FYJC online admissions.
Chavan added that if the registrations continue at this rate they would not need to extend the June 27 deadline. "We will watch the performance of the website for the next few days and if any major problems resurface then we will think about extending the deadline," said Chavan.
Meanwhile, guidance centres said the website slowed down on Thursday evening but the department said they have not received any such complaints. "The website was probably slow because such so many students had logged on to it but it could also be a connectivity problem at centres," added Chavan.
Suvarna Sawant, guidance officer, Narayan Guru College of Commerce, Chembur, said, "The website was working well till Thursday afternoon, but few students complained that the server slowed down in the evening."
Centres said students faced more issues earlier this week. "There were many complaints from students in the first week before the site was fixed but now it looks like the technical problem has been solved," said Hiraman Mali, guidance officer in Ramanand Arya DAV College, Bhandup.
FYJC minority quota cut-offs out for two city colleges
NM College of Commerce and Economics and St Andrew's College announced their first merit list for junior college seats for in-house and minority students on Thursday. While cut-offs for commerce and arts streams in the top colleges dipped, the minimum marks required for science and bifocal courses increased by few points.
NM College of Commerce and Economics closed its admissions at 80% for in-house students. This is significantly lower than its last year's cut-off of 90.8%. Jimit Shah was the highest scorer at 97.5% among the applicants.
Last week, St Xavier's College, Fort, witnessed a similar trend with its science cut-offs for Christian minority students plummeting to 76.8%, registering a 6% drop, this year. The college's cut-off for the arts stream also dipped by a couple of points.
On the other hand, in the minority merit list announced by St Andrew's College, Bandra, cut-offs for bifocal courses rose compared to previous years. Computer science and Information technology (IT) for science students closed at 85%. IT for commerce and arts students closed at 84.4% and 81%. "Bifocal courses are always in demand and their cut-offs rise every year as high scorers opt for them," said Marie Fernandes, principal of the college.
Among the regular courses at the college, commerce stream cut-offs for minority students increased to 80.20% from last year's 79.8%. The cut- | [
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Review: Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires (Sony PS3)
J. Rose | July 14, 2009 | Archive, Sony PS3, Top Story, Video Game Reviews | 2 Comments
Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires
Developer: Omega Force
Publisher: Koei
Genre: Strategy/Hack and Slash
Since the triumphant release of Dynasty Warriors 2 on PS2, the historically based hack and slash series has established a considerable amount of fans through its many sequels, spin offs, and stand-alone expansions. That said, you wouldn't be hard pressed to find those who believe the series has been in desperate need of an overhaul for some time now. Comparing the Dynasty Warriors franchise to something like the Madden franchise is not a very far fetched comparison, all things considered.
The Empires spin-off of the Dynasty Warriors franchise incorporates ideas and mechanics akin to developer/publisher Koei's roots, with a significant element of strategy and simulation tossed in alongside the expected hours of hacking and slashing enemy troops. The installment that we'll be looking at here is the Empires version of last year's Dynasty Warriors 6. Those who've played Dynasty Warriors 5: Empires will be generally familiar with the formula, but there are a few surprises included in this addition to make things a little more interesting.
Like all other Dynasty Warriors games, Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires sees you take on one of several possible roles, all which involve the complete domination of China and the subjugation or obliteration of your enemies. The premise is based on actual Chinese history, but unlike the non-Empires games, there is no narrative explaining the desires and motivations of the involved generals, so the game literally rolls along through history sans any descriptive context. The idea is that history revolves around whoever you choose, and the events of the game write the narrative, which isn't a bad idea, but it leaves little room for any sort of actual storytelling. If you're at all familiar with the series, this will most likely not surprise you. If you're a fan, this will certainly not diminish your enjoyment of the game in question.
Story Rating: Mediocre
Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires features more or less the same visuals as the standard version of Dynasty Warriors 6 released last year. The character models are done up with more detail than the those that were in the Xbox 360 version of Dynasty Warriors 5: Empires. This makes this version visually superior, but the characters still seem a bit dated and stiff in many of their animations. The environment visuals seem even more dated than the characters collectively, and at times suffer from some noticeable draw-in. On the plus side, the game often displays large numbers of allies and enemies on-screen at one time with little to no slowdown, which is good considering a large portion of the game is spent with large numbers of enemies and allies on-screen at one time. As with the last several Dynasty Warriors games, the visuals are ultimately neither wowing nor appalling, and fans of the series will most likely feel the same way. It would be nice to eventually play one of these games with some truly cutting edge graphics though.
Graphics Rating: Mediocre
Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires features soundtrack selections from a number of the previous games which can be selected to prior to the actual battle sequence. While this is a novel feature and offers a good amount of choices for background music during your conquests, one has to realize that all of the present music can be heard in Dynasty Warriors games past, with few "new" tracks added to the mix. The scores for these games have always blended an appropriate amount of heavy metal, ethnic sounds, and techno beats for an interesting, though at times monotonous, musical experience.
The voice work, those familiar with these games will be unsurprised to here, is as cheesy and lame as ever. The trademark ego-filled gloats of your commanding officers have become a staple for the Dynasty Warriors games as a whole, and I do honestly believe they are part of the very soul of the series. That said, most of the voice work has been recycled from past games as well, and there's really nothing new to hear and snicker at, | [
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which is unfortunate.
Sound Rating: Above Average
As was previously mentioned, those who have played any of the other Dynasty Warriors games will be familiar with the core premise of this installment. You command a single officer character, and you run or travel via horseback around various battlefields, slaying enemy troops and officers in attempts to take over their various bases and, ultimately, their main camp. The objective may change slightly from time to time, and time is always a factor, but generally, that is how a typical Dynasty Warriors battle works. The gameplay, as many will also know, is a generous workout for your right thumb, as the Dynasty Warriors games are the undisputed champion of the straight up hack-n-slash. This element has remained virtually unchanged since Koei struck gold by introducing this formula into the series with Dynasty Warriors 2 for the PS2 some nine years ago. It's in these spin offs, like Empires or Xtreme Legends, that we find a little more substance to go along with the copious amount of button mashing.
The Empire mode in Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires is structured pretty much the same as it was in the prior two Empires titles, at least at first. When you take on the role of a ruler, you'll operate through an alternating turn based system while attempting to take the whole of China from your enemies and their armies. Though the general flow is the same, this variation of Empires is notably more streamlined than either of the two prior Empires titles. No longer are officers required to maintain land you've taken over and you no longer can you perform the same actions constantly every turn. In lieu of the substantial strategy elements found in the previous Empires endeavors, Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires adopts a simple card based strategy mechanic which essentially acts as the major strategy element of the game. During Council, you can issue a series of cards into play with the allotted Resources you have. These cards serve a number of different functions, with the more useful cards obviously costing more Resources to put into effect. Cards can give you anything from attack and defense boosts, to forcing an enemy officer to defect, to increasing your gold supply and beyond. It's understandable that this "dumbed down" take on the Empires formula might disappoint certain fans of the previous installments, but the more streamlined approach makes the game more accessible overall to fans of the kind of game Dynasty Warriors really is… a generally mindless and addicting hack-n-slash. The strategy cards feature adds just enough to give the game a little more depth, and certainly doesn't take away as much time from the inevitable battlefield adventures as the many menus and options that one had to navigate during the council sequences in the prior games.
Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires also allows players to become free-lance mercenaries or servants of a ruler in Empires mode instead of becoming rulers themselves. In this case, your time with the game basically sees you playing as a free sword working for whichever ruler will pay you the best. This mode translates into little more than a simple series of quests, making it more in line with the regular games, but is certainly enjoyable for those who might want to play through a session of Dynasty Warriors without having to worry about the most basic strategy elements offered in the traditional Empires mode. Upgrading your character has also seen something of an overhaul, as instead of finding better swords in battle and adding skills to these weapons, you will instead invest money and gems you acquire throughout the game into upgrading your weapons and your character, allowing you to add additional secondary attacks to the character, including interesting passive skills, or just upgrading the damage you can take and dish out. The other mechanics are still in play from other Empires games, fortunately. You can make a number of custom officers with various weapons and armor options, as well as strengthen created and existing officers' weapons and abilities during council sessions.
Gameplay Rating: Good
Replayability:
Dynasty Warriors games are built to be played for a really long time, and this version of Empires is certainly no different. In addition to the already gigantic rooster of officers, as noted previously, you can also make custom characters. Leveling these characters up is the same old grind from previous games, but if you're a fan of making yourself and taking over China, it's still just as much fun. Like prior Empires games, there is also a two-player split screen mode, as well as | [
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the usual treasure trove of unlockable wallpapers, costumes, and movies that fans of the series always love.
Replayability Rating: Great
So long as your army is capable of taking out the enemy, you'll rarely run into an issue of unbalanced difficulty in Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires. The Empires mode will see your ruler and commanding officers constantly leveling up through invasions and defense battle skirmishes. At first, enemies can be a bit more challenging than they were in prior games, even on the lowest difficulty settings, but as you progress and increase your levels, you'll find the game adjusts accordingly, which keeps things challenging and interesting from beginning to end. Excuse the rhyme, but if you'll willing to grind, you'll be just fine.
Balance Rating: Great
Originality:
As a fan of pretty much all of the games across the Dynasty/Samurai Warriors franchise, I have no problem indemnifying the franchise as one of the most re-hashed, beaten into the ground game series' on the current market. Practically all the components are recycled visually from one game to the next, and the gameplay, at its core, has remained virtually the same for the nine years this specific formula has been used with the series.
That being said, this is one of the few series of games I would probably buy and enjoy regardless of whether the formula ever evolved past what it has been for close to a decade of the franchise's existence. To many of us, the franchise acts as a sort of sports title in the sense that we're accustomed to playing practically the same game each year, but those few extra players and features make the experience worth going through… again, and again, and again. Still, expect to see nothing new in Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires. I'll close this section of the review with the same sentence I wrote regarding several other aspects of this installment… if you're a fan, you're not going to mind in the slightest.
Originality Rating: Bad
Addictivness:
Simply put, if you're a fan of the franchise, Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires is ecstasy on a disc. The game offers hours upon hours of things to see and do, enemies to defeat, allies to make, and treasures to plunder, and if you enjoy rending thousands of troops asunder, you'll love this. If you're not a fan, then you won't understand, but if you count yourself as a fan, well, you probably won't be able to put this down for many, many hours.
Addictivness Rating: Classic
Appeal Factor:
The series has such a considerable fanbase as it is that I'd imagine presenting the game in any sort of fashion that would garner the attention of a wider gaming demographic is one of the last things Koei was thinking about with this particular release. Frankly, if you're the sort of person who finds cutting through swaths of enemies for about a hundred hours to be tedious and boring, Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires isn't for you, and you won't find much to like about the game.
If you're a fan, on the other hand, I doubt you'd even really need this review.
Appeal Factor Rating: Mediocre
Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires is a good time, but as this is much the same game as many others in the series, and and as there aren't any notable bugs to discuss, I'd like to use this section of my review to express my disappointment with Koei in their decision to NOT release Warriors Orochi Z in the US or in Europe. I admit openly that Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires is a solid, enjoyable title, but out of all the Warriors games, I've easily clocked the most time on the Orochi games, most of which are generally more interesting than the core games. For the fans Koei, reconsider. Or face the wrath of Lu Bu.
Miscellaneous Rating: Mediocre
The Scores:
Story: Mediocre
Graphics: Mediocre
Sound: Above Average
Control/Gameplay: Good
Replayability: Great
Originality: Bad
Addictiveness: Classic
Appeal: Mediocre
Miscellaneous: Mediocre
FINAL SCORE: Above Average | [
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BioSante Pharmaceuticals Provides Merger Update And Reports 2012 Financial Results
BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: BPAX) today provided an update on the Company's proposed merger transaction with ANI Acquisition Company d/b/a ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: BPAX) today provided an update on the Company's proposed merger transaction with ANI Acquisition Company d/b/a ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and reported on its cash balance as of December 31, 2012 and financial results for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Merger Update
The special meeting of BioSante's stockholders to vote on the proposed merger with ANI currently is scheduled to be held at 8:00 a.m., Central Time, at BioSante's corporate office located at 111 Barclay Boulevard, Lincolnshire, Illinois 60069.
The required vote to approve the merger is a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock of BioSante. As of February 28, 2013, a significant number of shares have not yet been voted. However, of those shares that have been voted, 84.2% have been voted in favor of the merger proposal and 80.6% have been voted in favor of the reverse split proposal required in order to maintain the merged company's NASDAQ Global Market listing. Each stockholder's vote is critical to the success of the merger whether the position be 100,000 shares or even 1,000 shares. BioSante encourages ALL stockholders to vote their shares promptly by calling (800) 357-9167. This call should take less than one minute. No confidential information will be required.
The board of directors of BioSante unanimously recommends that stockholders vote "FOR" the adoption of the merger agreement and all related matters being submitted to a vote of BioSante stockholders.
BioSante stockholders who need assistance in voting their shares or who have questions regarding BioSante's special meeting may contact The BioSante Proxy Information Line toll-free at (800) 357-9167 or AST Phoenix Advisors at (877) 478-5038.
About the Proposed Merger
Under the terms of the merger agreement, if the proposed merger is completed, ANI will merge with and into BioSante, with BioSante continuing as the surviving company. The combined company that will result from the merger will be a fully integrated specialty branded and generic pharmaceutical company focused on developing, manufacturing and marketing branded and generic prescription pharmaceuticals. BioSante and ANI both believe that the merger of the two companies will be able to create more value than either company could achieve individually. BioSante stockholders are encouraged to read the definitive joint proxy statement/prospectus as it provides, among other things, financial and other information regarding ANI.
Upon completion of the merger, the combined company will be renamed ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and will operate under the leadership of the ANI management team, with Arthur S. Przybyl serving as President and Chief Executive Officer. In addition to Mr. Przybyl, the board of directors of the combined company is expected to have two current directors from BioSante and four current ANI directors.
Upon completion of the merger, BioSante will issue to ANI stockholders shares of BioSante common stock such that the current ANI stockholders will own approximately 53% of the combined company's shares of common stock outstanding, and the BioSante stockholders will own approximately 47%, assuming BioSante's net cash is $18.0 million as of the determination date. The number of shares of BioSante common stock to be received by the ANI stockholders is based on an exchange ratio that is subject to adjustment as provided in the merger agreement based on BioSante's "net cash," as defined in the merger agreement and generally consisting of BioSante's cash and cash equivalents less certain expenses and liabilities, as of a determination date | [
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prior to the anticipated closing date of the merger.
In addition, immediately prior to the merger, BioSante plans to distribute to its stockholders of record on March 15, 2013 contingent value rights (CVRs) providing payment rights arising from a future sale, transfer, license or similar transaction(s) involving LibiGel.
BioSante stockholders are encouraged to read the definitive joint proxy statement/prospectus in its entirety as it provides, among other things, a detailed discussion of the proposed merger, the merger agreement and the process that led to the proposed merger.
Financial Update
As of December 31, 2012, the Company's cash and cash equivalents were approximately $34.8 million and convertible senior notes payable on May 1, 2013 were approximately $8.3 million. BioSante incurred a net loss of approximately $27.7 million or $(1.27) per share for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to a net loss of $51.6 million or $(3.15) per share for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease in the net loss was due primarily to lower clinical development expenses for LibiGel ® (testosterone gel) during 2012 as a result of the conclusion of all current LibiGel clinical studies.
About BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
BioSante's corporate strategy is to develop high value medically-needed pharmaceutical products and to implement strategic alternatives with respect to its products and its company, including licenses, business collaborations and other business combinations or transactions with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. BioSante's products include LibiGel ® (transdermal testosterone gel) for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), specifically hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), which is in Phase III development. BioSante's other products include an FDA-approved testosterone gel for male hypogonadism, which is licensed to Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., and the Pill-Plus™, an oral contraceptive in Phase II clinical development by Pantarhei Bioscience B.V. BioSante's first FDA-approved product, Elestrin™ (estradiol gel) indicated for the treatment of hot flashes associated with menopause, is marketed in the U.S. by Meda Pharmaceuticals, BioSante's licensee.
To the extent any statements made in this news release deal with information that is not historical, these are forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the proposed transaction between BioSante and ANI, the terms, timing, conditions to and anticipated completion of the proposed transaction, the expected ownership of the combined company and the composition of the combined company's board of directors and management team; the anticipated distribution to BioSante stockholders of contingent value rights (CVRs) immediately prior to the merger and the terms, timing and value of such CVRs, the potential benefits of the proposed transaction to the BioSante and ANI stockholders, the combined company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions with respect to future operations and products, the anticipated financial position, operating results and growth prospects of the combined company and other statements that are not historical in nature, particularly those that utilize terminology such as "will," "expects," "plans," "potential," "future," "believes," "intends," "continue," other words of similar meaning, derivations of such words and the use of future dates. Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. Uncertainties and risks may cause BioSante's and the combined company's actual results to be materially different than those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Particular uncertainties and risks include, among others, the failure of the BioSante or ANI stockholders to approve the transaction, the risk that BioSante's net cash at closing will be lower than currently anticipated or the failure of either party to meet the other conditions to the closing of the transaction; delays in completing the transaction | [
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Arts Feature
About space
Sacramento artist Dave Lane's internal exploration
By Shoka
Worthy of exploration, "Grandpa Mosley" by Dave Lane is 14 feet of steampunk intrigue.
Photo By Shoka
It's a steampunk dream. Crossing the threshold of the Richard L. Nelson Gallery, there is an immediate and overwhelming sense of being crowded out at the first step inside. The space is filled, floor to ceiling, with massive, rusted steel vessels that look like Victorian-era inventions perhaps intended to explore life beyond Earth's atmosphere. It looks as if it could've been the workshop of Phileas Fogg, had he needed to find a way out of this world in 80 days.
But this is not the work of a Jules Verne character. It's Out in Space: Sculptures, Drawings, Paintings by Dave Lane. The Sacramento artist's work is about exploration, especially the internal kind. In addition to the approximately 14 tons of oxidized machine parts—much of it from old farming equipment—that comprise his towering sculptures, the walls of the gallery are occupied by grids of more than 100 framed "maps," as well as a series of miniature dioramas. In an adjoining room, there are even more framed mixed-media pieces on the wall, and a 700-pound "lamp" sculpture suspended from the ceiling.
Crowded? Definitely. Some may even argue that there are too many items in a comparatively limiting space. "Heart of Gold," a 12.5-foot-tall, intricate, cagelike structure on casters, with light bulbs dangling from its top of four horizontal steel wheels and a tiny Plexiglas box of secrets nestled in its spike-protected center, tickles the gallery's ceiling. But, surprisingly, it's not even the largest structure in the space.
Further compounding the overwhelming wealth of information within this show are other oddities, like that Plexiglas box in "Heart of Gold" in which Lane, a former engineer and cartographer, writes philosophies and narratives in tiny handwriting—and often at length. It's an integral part of his artwork. Because of the contrast of massive and miniature, the overall effect is psychologically powerful. The viewer feels dwarfed by the structures, then giant facing the framed work, then small again upon examining the ideas about naturalism, the unknown and loss: Out in Space becomes a general investigation of the mind.
"A Device for Creating Stars" by Dave Lane, who says, "Art is not what you make, but it's what you think, like science."
Lane's work is complicated, cramming loads of information and introspection in each piece, revealing his thought processes with language, and dotting them with symbolism. Each piece has a history and a new story, all utilizing multiple layers of materials. For as much as he reveals in his words, under the layers, secrets are concealed, awaiting an explorer to delve into them. How long would it take for a viewer to read the words on the giant plastic sphere of "Grandma Planet" to learn that it's an account of "something horrible that happened" to people who were "abandoned on a planet being built"? And would the viewer know if he crawled through the sculpture and into the sphere, on the inside of the globe is written what the people found out?
"Secrets are sort of like the enemy," Lane says. And they can implode on themselves, such as "A Device for Creating Stars," a 14-foot imploding bomb, he describes.
"I call it a weapon of mass creation," he says of the astronomical thing, which in theory, would blow up inward like a giant gas cloud to create stars. Constructed from an antique gas tank, a light illuminates its porthole, with beautifully contrasting silver bolts holding its rusted joints together, as are also used on the other vessels.
The overall aesthetic hearkens back to the 19th century, when science and advancements in technology were rapidly surging forward due to the Industrial Revolution. Lane's fascination with art and science is a major influence on his work, as is his penchant for philosophy (though he often self-deprecatingly jokes that his geeking out on | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 2.187988 | 0.31341 | 1.231165 | 0.987616 |
import unittest
from StringIO import StringIO
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
import json
from meuh.cli import main, BadConfigFileException
from meuh.test.helpers import sample_data_path, sample_config_path
def _str_to_args(str):
return str.split()
class TestCLI(unittest.TestCase):
SAMPLE_ARCHIVE_PATH = sample_data_path('dwca-simple-test-archive.zip')
def test_engine_output_stderr(self):
err_stream = StringIO()
out_stream = StringIO()
config_file = sample_config_path('valid.py')
# Provide both
args = _str_to_args("./meuh {config} {dwca}".format(config=config_file,
dwca=self.SAMPLE_ARCHIVE_PATH))
main(args, out=out_stream, err=err_stream)
err = err_stream.getvalue()
out = out_stream.getvalue()
self.assertTrue("Engine running..." in err)
self.assertTrue("Engine finished execution." in err)
self.assertFalse("Engine running..." in out)
self.assertFalse("Engine finished execution." in out)
def test_report_on_stdout(self):
"""Ensure the report is printed on stdout and not on stderr."""
err_stream = StringIO()
out_stream = StringIO()
config_file = sample_config_path('valid.py')
# Provide both
args = _str_to_args("./meuh --report-format json {config} {dwca}".format(config=config_file,
dwca=self.SAMPLE_ARCHIVE_PATH))
main(args, out=out_stream, err=err_stream)
err = err_stream.getvalue()
out = out_stream.getvalue()
report_excerpt = '{"context": {"execution_started_at":'
self.assertTrue(report_excerpt in out)
self.assertFalse(report_excerpt in err)
def test_output_format_json(self):
"""Ensure that json is produced when asked."""
# TODO: Make similar tests with other formats
err_stream = StringIO()
out_stream = StringIO()
config_file = sample_config_path('valid.py')
# Provide both
args = _str_to_args("./meuh --report-format json {config} {dwca}".format(config=config_file,
dwca=self.SAMPLE_ARCHIVE_PATH))
main(args, out=out_stream, err=err_stream)
json.loads(out_stream.getvalue()) # Will raise ValueError if cannot parse JSON
def test_default_format_json(self):
"""Ensure that JSON is the default report format"""
err_stream = StringIO()
out_stream = StringIO()
config_file = sample_config_path('valid.py')
# Provide both
args = _str_to_args("./meuh {config} {dwca}".format(config=config_file,
dwca=self.SAMPLE_ARCHIVE_PATH))
main(args, out=out_stream, err=err_stream)
json.loads(out_stream.getvalue()) # Will raise ValueError if cannot parse JSON
def test_usage_on_stderr(self):
"""Assert usage information is displayed to stderr and not stdout(reserved for results)."""
err_stream = StringIO()
out_stream = StringIO()
try:
args = _str_to_args("./meuh")
main(args, out=out_stream, err=err_stream)
except SystemExit: # Because arparse will call sys.exit
self.assertEqual("", out_stream.getvalue())
self.assertTrue("usage: nosetests [- | [
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] | 1,024 | Github | -1.306153 | 0.072022 | -0.780831 | 0.059197 |
Sundays, 10:30 a.m., worship hour, all are welcome.
Sunday, March 10, 10 a.m., church at Craig Methodist Church.
Wednesday, March 13, 6:30 p.m. youth group.
Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 9:30 a.m. -12:30 p.m. • Tuesday and Thursday, 12:30-3:30 p.m.
Quilters meet 1 p.m., 1st & 3rd Friday.
Sundays, 9:30 a.m.,worship service; 10:30 a.m. fellowship.
Tuesdays, 1-2 p.m., Oakland food pantry.
1st and 3rd Wednesdays; 6:30 p.m., BLAST Club.
2nd Wednesday; 6 p.m., Super Supper.
Mondays, 7 a.m., Bible Study, at Master's Hand.
Fridays 10 a.m., prophecy seminar, at Chatt Center, all welcome.
Sundays, 9:30 a.m., family Sunday school; 10:30 a.m., worship service; meal served following worship.
Second Sunday, 5:30 p.m., movie night with free pizza.
Sundays, 9:30 a.m., Sunday school; 10:45 a.m., worship.
Tuesdays, 7 a.m., Prayer Breakfast.
Wednesdays, 6:30 p.m., Community Bible study.
Sundays, 9 a.m., Bible study for all ages; 10 a.m., fellowship time; 10:30 a.m., worship.
Tuesday, 10 a.m., Bible study.
Sundays, 10 a.m.,worship, fellowship follows worship.
Sunday 10:15 a.m. Concert of Prayer; 10:45 am Worship/Sunday School.
Every first Sunday, the Lord's Supper is celebrated. Every second Sunday, is cookie Sunday. Every first Thursday, 1:30 p.m., American Baptist Women meet.
Sundays, 9:30 a.m., worship service; 10:45 a.m., Bible study.
Wednesday, March 6, 9 a.m., Ash Wednesday Mass.
Sunday, March 10, 10 a.m., Mass.
Tuesday, March 5, 6:30 p.m., Mass; 7 p.m., Altar Society meeting.
Wednesday, March 6, 5:30 p.m., Ash Wednesday Mass; 7 p.m., Ash Wednesday Mass.
Thursday, March 7, 8:30 a.m., Mass .
Friday, March 8, 8:30 a.m., Mass, Station of the Cross and Adoration; 5-7 p.m. fish fry.
Saturday, March 9, 5 p.m., Mass.
Sunday, March 10, 8:30 a.m., Mass; Fellowship.
Tuesday, March 12, 8:30 a.m., Mass; 7 p.m., Knights of Columbus meeting.
Sundays, 9:30 a.m., worship; 10:45 a.m., fellowship; 11 a.m., Sunday school for all ages.
Second Mondays: 3:45 - 5 p.m., Trailblazers (grades 3-6).
Thursday afternoons Sunday school at 5:30 p.m.
First and third Thursdays of the month: Bible study at 7 p.m. (through the end of May).
Second Tuesday afternoon of the month: Ladies Aid at 2 p.m.
Sunday worship service will be 8:30 a.m..
First Sunday of the month—children's sermon.
Second Sunday of the month—Holy Communion.
Third Sunday of the month—youth group meets at | [
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However, Barkla remains optimistic about the situation. Our advice for2
Author : miternaoi
Then, Rogers said he visited the Rotary Club of East Wichita to promote his office's services, specifically the Unclaimed Property Division. He said he found over $2,000 in unclaimed property for residents in attendance and over $20,000 for associated businesses. He said he also hosted a pop-up event with Senator Oletha Faust-Goudeau, Senator Mary Ware and Representative Stephanie Byers at The Monarch to help residents reunite with their unclaimed property.
For Singaporean students studying in overseas universities, the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic last year meant they had to cut short their experience of life abroad.
As infection rates skyrocketed and international borders began to close, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs released an advisory on March 17 last year encouraging Singaporean students to come home.
But some, like Ms Dawn Tan, 26, have chosen to stick it out.
She had rushed back to Japan to finish her studies in February last year, when news broke that the border was going to close. She now works as a game planner in Tokyo, having finished her master's degree in intercultural studies at Kobe University.
Ms Tan said: I wouldn't say choosing to come back to Japan was the best decision of my life. But it was necessary for me to return for my job hunt.
Meanwhile, applications from Singaporeans for student visas to traditional higher education destinations have fallen, reflecting the instability of the situation.
According to the official British government website, the number of student visa applications from Singaporeans to Britain fell from 2,535 new applications in 2019 to 1,421 last year.
For Australia, applications fell from 1,315 in 2019 to 530 last year, a 59 per cent decrease.
The British Council said more than 6,820 Singaporean students (excluding exchange and visiting scholars) chose to study in Britain during the 2019 academic year. The number includes students who had applied for visas earlier.
Responding to queries from The Sunday Times on how universities in Britain plan to support international students, the council said the institutions have implemented several Covid-19 support services that their international students can access.
These include airport pick-up services, support through self-isolation periods and food packages.
Mr Leighton Ernsberger, the council's director of English and education for East Asia, said the universities also have plans in place to support students if they are required to self-isolate or if local lockdowns are introduced.
Last year, many international students were left stranded as university accommodations in the United States and Britain closed.
To address this, Singapore's universities opened up more places to take in students who would otherwise have gone overseas.
Around 2,000 more places in Autonomous Universities were offered last year to accommodate students whose overseas university plans had been disrupted.
Some students, however, have chosen to continue at their overseas institutions through distance learning.
Ms Tan Xiao Xuan, 21, a Chinese language and literature undergraduate at Peking University, decided to remain in Singapore after her winter break in January last year because of the worsening coronavirus situation in China.
An only child, she said: It was pretty shocking at first when Covid-19 was still very serious in China. Real anxiety kicked in when offline school resumed in the second half of 2020.
A Public Service Commission (PSC) Secretariat spokesman told The Sunday Times what while it offered scholarships in different disciplines and countries, it will offer this year's overseas scholarship recipients the concurrent option to pursue their studies at a tertiary institution in Singapore, due to the ongoing pandemic.
The spokesman added: The PSC takes reference from the prevailing national travel advisories. Our scholars' health and safety remain our key priority.
We work closely with our scholars and their families on their decisions to return overseas for their studies or remain in Singapore to study remotely. For those who choose to return overseas for their studies, the PSC provides the relevant support and networks to maintain their well being.
Ms Christa Tay is pursuing a degree in economics at the Australian National University. | [
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Robbie replied
Fri October 2, 2020, 10:12
A massive new entry for Petula Clark. I much prefer Petula's version to the Harry Secombe version that for some reason seems to be the better remembered (at least to me). This one is more refined. I've only discovered though that Petula's version is the theme tune to a Charlie Chaplin written and produced film (A Countess From Hong Kong). And not only that, he also wrote the song too.
MrTibbs replied
Here is the next Ultimate Averaged Chart for Week Ending February 11th 1967. Enjoy
The Ultimate Averaged Chart - Week Ending February 11th 1967 NME MM DISC RR Total
Last This The Sound Survey Stores 200 250 100 85 Points
1 1 I'm A Believer - The Monkees 1 1 1 1 1 19050
4 2 Let's Spend The Night Together / Ruby Tuesday - The Rolling Stones 2 2 3 2 3 18080
2 3 Matthew And Son - Cat Stevens 3 4 2 3 2 17915
5 4 I've Been A Bad Bad Boy - Paul Jones 4 5 4 4 5 16860
3 5 Night Of Fear - The Move 5 6 5 5 4 16395
NEW 6 This Is My Song - Petula Clark 7 3 9 7 8 15455
6 7 Hey Joe - The Jimi Hendrix Experience 6 7 7 6 6 15425
13 8 I'm A Man - The Spencer Davis Group 8 10 6 9 9 14520
7 9 Green Green Grass Of Home - Tom Jones 9 8 10 14 7 13590
15 10 Sugar Town - Nancy Sinatra 10 12 8 11 10 13335
16 11 Let Me Cry On Your Shoulder - Ken Dodd 11 11 12 10 11 12550
8 12 Standing In The Shadows Of Love - The Four Tops 13 15 11 13 13 11530
20 13 Release Me - Engelbert Humperdinck 12 9 21 8 12 10815
24 14 Here Comes My Baby - The Tremeloes 16= 14 15 15 24 9595
23 15 Peek-A-Boo - The New Vaudeville Band 16= 17 14 20 17 9340
27 16 I Won't Come In While He's There - Jim Reeves 14 13 20 16 15 9210
17 17 Snoopy vs The Red Baron - The Royal Guardsmen 15 18 17 17 14 8945
26 18 It Takes Two - Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston 18 16 19 12 22 8665
12 19 Pamela Pamela - Wayne Fontana 20 20 13 25 18 8405
11 20 I Feel Free - Cream 19 19 16 22 16 8325
10 21 Sitting In The Park - Georgie Fame 22 25 18 24 20 6085
18 22 Single Girl - Sandy Posey 21 24 22 19 19 5870
9 23 Happy Jack - The Who 24 23 23 21 21 5450
14 24 Morningtown Ride - The Seekers 25 22 27 27 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.424345 | -2.408045 | -1.394113 | -2.174576 |
23 3880
21 25 You Only You - Rita Pavone 23 28 26 18 25 3660
29 26 Last Train To Clarksville - The Monkees 27 27 25 26 27 3140
28 27 98.6 - Keith 26 24 23 26 2975
NEW 28 Mellow Yellow - Donovan 28 21 29 29 2700
19 29 In The Country - Cliff Richard 29 29 28 30 28 1505
22 30 Anyway That You Want Me - The Troggs 30 28 29 470
Ruby Tuesday - The Rolling Stones 26
Sunshine Superman - Donovan 30 250
Edelweiss - Vince Hill 30 200
What Would I Be - Val Doonican 30 85
Graham76man commented on Robbie's reply
Thu October 1, 2020, 13:17
The record had two Real Chart Runs:
16 10 1966 Last Train To Clarksvillie / Take A Giant Step 38 x 5 wks
15 01 1967 Last Train To Clarksville.... (re-entry) 22 x 10 wks
I'm A Believer also has (I'm Not Your) Stepping Stone on the other side.
In the case of the Monkees they would have both been double AA sides.
Graham76man commented on Metalweb's reply
True and just for interest there was no mining disaster in New York in 1941.
Graham76man commented on brian05's reply
The records are promo copies only given out to TV, Radio Stations and Shops, plus some DJ's.
radcl replied
Heart - Rita Pavone
You Only You - Rita Pavone
https://www.officialcharts.com/artis...2/rita-pavone/
45-25/01-1967
Originally posted by MrTibbs View Post
Greetings Pop Pick !
Here is the next Ultimate Averaged Chart for Week Ending January 28th 1967. Enjoy
Last edited by radcl; Thu October 1, 2020, 12:50.
Last Train To Clarksville had been released on 14-Oct-66 (45cat). Although it reached number 15 on 23-Oct-66 in the Big L Fab 40 and number 1 on 5-Nov-66 in Billboard, it did not chart nationally in the UK until I'm A Believer was top.
It almost made the Record Retailer top 50. It was in the Breakers Chart which the newspaper published, spending 3 weeks on the list and peaked at number 1 on the chart dated 27 October 1966.
Splodj replied
Here is the next Ultimate Averaged Chart for Week Ending February 4th 1967. Enjoy
The Ultimate Averaged Chart - Week Ending February 4th 1967 NME MM DISC RR Total
5 4 Let's Spend The Night Together / Ruby Tuesday - The Rolling Sones 4 4 5 3 4 16995
11 5 I've Been A Bad Bad Boy - Paul Jones 5= 5 6 5 7 16090
4 7 Green Green Grass Of Home - Tom Jones 5= 6 7 7 5 15610
7 8 Standing In The Shadows Of Love - The Four Tops 8 7 8 6 8 15005
6 9 Happy Jack - The Who 9 9 10 10 9 13620
9 10 Sitting In The Park - Georgie Fame 10= 11 9 11 13 13030
14 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.7436 | -2.086195 | -0.978086 | -2.174576 |
11 I Feel Free - Cream 10= 12 11 9 12 12615
15 12 Pamela Pamela - Wayne Fontana 12 12 12 15 11 11850
27 13 I'm A Man - The Spencer Davis Group 14 10 13 12 19 11620
10 14 Morningtown Ride - The Seekers 13 14 15 14 10 10885
20 15 Sugar Town - Nancy Sinatra 15 18 14 13 14 10095
21 16 Let Me Cry On Your Shoulder - Ken Dodd 16 15 16 16 18 9555
NEW 20 Release Me - Engelbert Humperdinck 21 15 24 21 23 6630
12 22 Anyway That You Want me - The Troggs 22 29 19 20 20 5435
NEW 23 Peek-A-Boo - The New Vaudeville Band 25 23 21 30 4200
NEW 24 Here Comes My Baby - The Tremeloes 26= 17 29 29 3500
16 25 Sunshine Superman - Donovan 24 30 23 24 25 3410
NEW 26 It Takes Two - Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston 26= 22 27 28 29 3270
NEW 27 I Won't Come In While He's There - Jim Reeves 23 26 23 24 2395
NEW 28 98.6 - Keith 28 28 28 25 26 2375
NEW 29 Last Train To Clarksville - The Monkees 26 26 2250
18 30 What Would I Be - Val Doonican 30 25 27 27 2240
Save Me - Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich 29 30 26 22 1515
Heart - Rita Pavone 28 255
Call Her Your Sweetheart - Frank Ifield 30 85
Metalweb replied
Wed September 30, 2020, 17:46
Originally posted by Graham76man View Post
There wasn't much Christmas cheer especially in Wales in 1966. Something to do with the fact a big slag heap had just wiped out an entire school of kids back in October. Tom's song, which by the way he got from a New York record store that year - Jerry Lee's - Country Songs For City Folks, sort of resonated with the public, with Tom being Welsh, after that event.
Yes, good point. The Bee Gees' upcoming debut hit "New York Mining Disaster 1941" was also inspired by the Aberfan tragedy.
brian05 replied
First screening of Top of the Pops on BBC television January 4th1964.
Note the EPs and LP in the chart.
BobPatience replied
and Matthew & Son rose from 21 to 5. Could it be a mix-up, they are also close alphabetically. But on the other hand, that would mean Morningtown Ride went 7 to 5, where in all other charts it fell one or two spots. Or maybe they did somehow mix-up the points, but only partially.
On 23-Jan, looks like Disc made their own sloppy miscalculation by plunging Morningtown Ride down to 13.
The Ultimate Averaged Chart - Week Ending January 28th 1967 NME MM DISC RR Total
2 4 Green Green Grass Of Home - Tom Jones 4 3 5 3 4 17195
17 5 Let's Spend The Night T | [
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ogether / Ruby Tuesday - The Rolling Stones 5 5 4 7 7 16390
3 6 Happy Jack - The Who 6 7 6 5 5 15860
13 8 Hey Joe - Jimi Hendrix 8 8 8 8 9 14520
12 9 Sitting In The Park - Georgie Fame 9 12 9 10 12 13015
4 10 Morningtown Ride - The Seekers 10 10 11 14 8 12855
27 11 I've Been A Bad Bad Boy - Paul Jones 11 9 12 9 17 12540
5 12 Anyway That You Want Me - The Troggs 14 14 10 13 13 11980
10 13 In The Country - Cliff Richard 12 13 14 11 10 11635
15 14 I Feel Free - Cream 13 11 15 12 11 11600
8 16 Sunshine Superman - Donovan 16 16 16 16 14 9695
11 17 Save Me - Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich 17 18 17 18 16 8675
16 18 What Would I Be - Val Doonican 18 22 18 19 18 7355
22 19 Single Girl - Sandy Posey 19= 19 20 21 19 7170
28 20 Sugar Town - Nancy Sinatra 19= 21 19 17 22 7165
NEW 21 Let Me Cry On Your Shoulder - Ken Dodd 22= 17 21 25 5900
24 22 Call Her Your Sweetheart - Frank Ifield 21 26 22 20 25 4860
20 23 (I Know) I'm Losing You - The Temptations 22= 28 23 22 21 4350
NEW 24 Snoopy vs The Red Baron - The Royal Guardsmen 24 24 25 24 30 3685
19 25 You Keep Me Hangin' On - The Supremes 25 25 27 29 24 2995
26 26 Nashville Cats - The Lovin' Spoonful 26 24 26 26 2675
NEW 27 I'm A Man - The Spencer Davis Group 27= 22 30 27 2450
NEW 28 You Only You - Rita Pavona 29 27 26 29 2220
18 29 Dead End Street - The Kinks 27= 28 20 1685
30 30 Heart - Rita Pavone 29 28 27 1140
Tell It To The Rain - The Four Seasons 30= 30 23 1000
A Place In The Sun - Stevie Wonder 30= 30 23 780
It Takes Two - Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston 29 400
What Becomes Of The Brokenhearted - Jimmy Ruffin 28 255
98.6 - Keith 30 200
Yeah I saw that too Splodj. I actually watched both shows religiously every week. RSG was a bit more diverse which I loved, but then I loved the chart format on TOTP as well. I have to admit though I was totally captivated by Cathy McGowan 'The Queen Of The Mods' lol.
Back then of course the first chance I had to hear what the weekly No 1 record was, was on T | [
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Eurocom DC900C Phantom X review
Ain't nothing ghostly about this heat-spewing powerhouse
By tech.co.uk staff
TechRadar Verdict
Phantom offers unmatched graphics performance for gamers and multimedia users.
SLI in a desktop replacement
Unbeatable gaming power
Big, ugly and heavy
No DirectX 10 support
Why you can trust TechRadar Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
Desktop replacements are an acquired taste to say the very least. Pro-gamers may love their balance of power and mobility, but for most of us they present something of a quandary.
You see, the problem afflicting them isn't so much their crippling bulk, unquenchable power demands, measly battery life or, dare we suggest, inflated prices, but the fact that no desktop replacement is ever going to be as powerful as a well-specced desktop rig. Well, at least we thought so until the D900C Phantom landed.
Eurocom is a Canadian manufacturer, which has sidestepped such power-related worries by shoe-horning the premium parts of an outright desktop into the form factor of a 17-inch laptop. What we are left with, according to Eurocom, is the 'world's first quad core mobile workstation'. Catchy.
A cursory glance at the spec list suggests the Phantom takes its cues from the 'desktop' element of its signature, packing in Intel's 2.66GHz Core 2 Quad Q6700 edition pimped out with 4GB of DDR2 RAM (admittedly as SODIMMs).
If that gets you grinning then prepare yourself, as the Phantom's graphics muscle comes courtesy of dual NVIDIA GeForce Go 7950GTX cards in SLI. Who needs a desktop rig now, eh? But before we tear into its performance figures, lets see what kind of luxuries are afforded to you for the £2,937.50 for outlay, tax and shipping costs.
In terms of looks, the 17-inch chassis is something of a beast. Its mixed matte and gloss coating is uninspiring, and its broad bottom unit and top-shell look plain oafish. But heck, the Phantom's not built for looks, and importantly its 17-inch 1920x1200 WUXGA resolution display at 16:10 screen aspect ratio is a delight. Even though it's a long-way off a desktop display, it remains a very good screen, and does the twin SLI cards justice, even when gaming at the most demanding of screen resolutions.
Weighing in at just shy of 7kg, the Phantom's not particularly mobile. But then, in truth, it's not really meant to be. Corroboration of this comes from the UPS, which Eurocom provides: it's a PSU, with the 20V break-out box itself adding some extra bulk.
Inside, the Phantom's equipped with two monster 160GB SATA-II hard drives, spinning at 7,200rpm and pre-configured in a RAID 0 array for that extra zip. The drives are blisteringly fast, while the 4GB of RAM supplied in two 2GB DDR2-800 sticks is a further premium touch.
Such specs saw the Phantom breeze through a cumbersome Photoshop scripting benchmark that left a Mac Pro (also quad core) struggling. The Phantom's impressive 8MB of level 2 cache saw it through with solidity and speed.
Graphics-wise, the 7950GTX's pumped by 512MB of GDDR3 each produce some astounding benchmarks; 3DMark06 (9994) was unbelievable, while its Cinebench R10 performance (844) - which invokes Maxon's Cinema 4D - was on a par with a premium desktop.
The MXM-HE designed 7950GTX has been one of the chief winners of the increase in performance laptop technology. As NVIDIA's flagship GPU, its chipset supports C | [
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What is the purpose of Asia Society?
Asia Society Texas Center is a non-partisan organization, dedicated to building bridges for a better understanding among the peoples, leaders, and institutions of Asia and the West. The Texas Center strives to enrich and engage Houstonians by offering innovative and relevant programs in arts and culture, business and policy, and education. Through these offerings, we embrace diversity of thought and serve as a platform for the exchange of communication. Asia Society takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with any government. All views expressed in its publications and on its website are the sole responsibility of the author or authors.
How large is Asia Society?
Asia Society has offices in 13 different cities: New York, Houston, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Manila, Mumbai, Hong Kong, Seoul, Sydney, Shanghai, and Zurich. Currently, there are only 3 three operating centers: Texas, Hong Kong, and our main headquarters in New York.
Is Asia Society a part of the U.S. government, the United Nations, or any other multilateral or state organization?
No. Asia Society is a national nonprofit, nonpartisan educational organization.
How does Asia Society define Asia and why?
Asia Society's definition of Asia includes the more than 30 countries broadly defined as the Asia-Pacific region—the area from Japan to Saudi Arabia, and from Central Asia to New Zealand, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. This definition of Asia is not an attempt to define what Asia ought to include or represent. It is a construct based on certain geographical, political, economic, and historical assumptions and is as flexible as any other definition might be.
Where does Asia Society receive its funding from?
Asia Society is supported by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals who believe in the mandate of the Society: to build bridges of understanding between Asia and the west.
Asia Society Texas Center, while a part of the global organization, is also its own nonpartisan, nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization, funded by the generous support of other foundations, corporations, and individuals non-affiliated with the global organization. Consider making a donation to support our mission.
Why is there an Asia Society in Houston?
Houston has consistently been named one of the most diverse cities in the United States and is home to a large number of Asians and Asian Americans. Recognizing the need to educate Americans about Asia, a group headed by former First Lady Barbara Bush and former Ambassador Roy M. Huffington established Asia Society Texas Center in 1979. Visit our Mission & History page to learn more about how the organization got started.
How long has the Center been around?
Construction on the $48.4 million building began in January 2010 and finished by fall 2011. It opened to the public April 14, 2012. To learn more about the building's architect and architecture, please visit our About the Building page. Monthly architecture tours are offered or can be scheduled with our education department.
Where is Asia Society Texas Center located?
Asia Society Texas Center is located at 1370 Southmore Boulevard in the heart of Houston's Museum District. For directions on how to get to Asia Society, please visit our Plan Your Visit page.
What are Asia Society Texas Center's hours?
The building is open Tuesday– Friday, 11:00 am – 6:00 pm and Saturday – Sunday, 10:00 am - 6:00 pm. Asia Society is closed to the public on Mondays and select holidays.
Convenient paid parking is available in Asia Society's parking lot located directly across the building on Southmore Boulevard. Enter from either Caroline Street or Austin Street. The lot is $5 per 24 hours and accepts credit card payments only.
Five designated handicapped parking spaces and a bicycle rack are available in the front of the lot.
Limited metered parking is available on surrounding streets (Southmore Boulevard, Austin Street, and Oakdale Street). Restrictions are enforced.
Do I have to be a member to see the exhibitions or attend programs?
Asia Society is open to the public as are our programs, unless otherwise indicated. Asia Society members, however, receive exclusive benefits including free admission to the gallery, and free or discounted admission to author talks, artist programs, Asia Society film screen | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.546883 | -0.492839 | 0.813344 | 1.442972 |
ings, and other ticketed programs. Please visit our Membership page for more information on membership benefits.
Do I have to bring my membership card if I am a member?
Your card is not required to visit, however, providing your membership card upon entry will allow for faster check-in to programs and exhibitions.
Is there an admission fee to visit the building?
Admission to the building is free. Admission to the Sarofim Gallery is free for Asia Society Members and children ages 12 and under, $5 for Nonmembers. All patrons ages 6 and over require a ticket for all ticketed programs. Please read our ticketing policies for more information.
Pondi, Pondicheri's little sister café offers a vibrant and innovative menu featuring everything from butter chicken to saffron shrimp salad and roti wraps. Their extended lunch hours are Tuesday– Friday, 11:00 am – 5:00 pm and Saturday – Sunday, 10:00 am - 5:00 pm.
Asia Society currently does not have a gift shop, however, Asia Society New York's AsiaStore can be accessed online. Members receive a 10% discount.
What kind of programs does Asia Society offer?
The Texas Center strives to enrich and engage Houstonians by offering innovative and relevant programs in arts and culture, business and policy, and education.
Asia Society hosts a variety of programs throughout the year including artist talks, author programs, film screenings, lectures, panel discussions, and dance performances. Asia Society also holds a community Night Market and AsiaFest each year. To see a listing of all our program offerings, please visit our Upcoming Events page. You can also subscribe to our e-newsletter or follow our Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn accounts to be notified of upcoming events.
What learning opportunities are available for students and teachers?
Besides school tours, Asia Society offers yearly ExploreAsia summer camps for kids, as well as a Young Leaders Institute for high school students. For more information, please visit our Student Programs page.
Asia Society occasionally offers beginner Mandarin, Yoga, and Tai Chi courses. Additionally, educator workshops are available throughout the year on a variety of topics.
Can I list my event on Asia Society's web calendar?
Only Asia Society events are listed on our institutional website.
What is the procedure for submitting program proposals?
If you would like to submit a program proposal, please complete and submit the form found on the Mission & History page of our website. Asia Society is not responsible for any unsolicited submissions. Due to the large number of submissions, it may take up to one year to review your materials. Please do not call Asia Society to inquire about the status of your submission. We do not guarantee a response but will be in contact with you if we are interested in your idea.
Where can I find event recaps or recordings of past programs?
Photos, recaps, recordings, and highlight reels from select programs are made available on our online blog. Visit our Past Events page to find a full listing of events that have already taken place.
Do you provide guided tours for the building and exhibitions, and if so, when are they?
We provide monthly guided tours for our buiding and exhibitions, usually on the first or second Saturday of the month. See our list of upcoming tour dates. To schedule a school or group tour outside of these designated days, please contact Michael Buening at [email protected].
What kind of art will I find at Asia Society Texas Center?
The museum exhibits traditional and contemporary Asian and Asian American art. The center is not a collecting institution; therefore, the exhibitions and artwork rotate throughout the year. Asia Society Texas Center's only permanent exhibition is Korean artist Lee Ufan's Relatum — signal, located in the Allen Sculpture Garden, installed February 29, 2011. For more information on past, current, or upcoming exhibitions, please visit our Exhibitions page.
Can I take pictures of the building and the artwork?
Patrons are encouraged to capture their experiences at Asia Society. Photography/videography of art in the building is permitted on a case by case basis. In spaces where photography is allowed, the use of flash, as well as tripods and monopods, is prohibited at all times.
Note that signage on the doors of the Asia Society main entrance state that photography | [
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Tertiary21: George Hook says "Your degree isn't worth the paper it's printed on"
George Hook says "Your degree isn't worth the paper it's printed on"
George Hook's talk in UCC last week was only briefly mentioned in the Irish Times today, and his remarks might interest local readers. For those overseas, George Hook is one of the 'Commentariat' a journalist and media man who came up as a Rugby commentator and has a general reputation as a 'straight shooter'. He is not a University graduate, but is, I believe, married to a University lecturer, and his views would be fairly good proxy for the general public - The 'plebs' as late mother used to call them.
"Your degree isn't worth the paper it's printed on" was the session title. Much of the talk was fairly reasonable hard won advice on the value of preparation, planning presentation and communication to set yourself aside from the pack. It was the kind of thing I wish I'd heard when I was 19, but wouldn't have listened to.
In responding to an audience question, Hook was characteristically scathing of the hold that Universities have on the public imagination. Too many degrees, including many from the Institutes of Technology that couldn't possibly lead to jobs were making the tertiary a holding pen to put off reality, he said. "There were enough people studying journalism in Ireland to staff every newspaper in the US". The number of students should be halved, he said, to better reflect the real job market for people with degrees.
This view of the degree as job training is one I've caught flak for in the past, and will again. Sure, it glosses over all the other values of a degree, and the deeper value of a well educated population to democracy, but first we must eat. That said, a lot of places do try to flog degrees which sound like they would slot you right into a job, but won't. Journalism sounds like one. I suspect a lot of people would be much better off with a good meaty Philosophy or Maths degree, that sets them up with the kind of intellectual deep, wide stance to keep them balanced as they tackle whatever the 2020's might throw their way.
"The standard for first class honours degrees needed to be brought back up to where it belonged, producing less graduates but of better quality. "
I can't argue with that. I have a first in Geology. I'm smart on a good day, I put in a bit of work in fourth year, and got lucky on a couple of papers but that should mean a 2.1. The firsts in Geology belonged to the Rock Whisperers. There are many like me in other fields.
Of University presidents, he said "They think they are Multinational CEO'[s, but they are really big school principals" and said their salaries should be halved to reflect that.
I'm ambivalent on that one. You pay peanuts, you get monkeys. That said, any kind of CEO pay package should, I believe, the tied in hard to hitting specific goals. I'd pay them less day to day, but put the difference into a golden handshake that they have only an even chance of hitting. But then, of course, you have to set smart targets and find good independent people to review that. Easier said than done.
Many students, he said, condemned themselves to failure by not planning ahead. Less than 20% of students, he felt, were really thinking about what was going to happen to them after college. Students needed to be prepared for that fact that while they must work after college, they might not earn. He advised the crowd that they should consider voluntary work to gain experience after college. I couldn't agree more.
Future wise, his remarks overall give us a clue as to what many voters are thinking. Our economies are in recession and the substantial population without degrees suffering perhaps more than the graduates. In such a climate, voters will support spreading the pain as widely as they can, to lighten their load. There is a political window opening for reintroducing third level fees. The UK, if they adopt the Browne Report, is going to jump out that window, and I expect Ireland to follow suit.
Finally, I'll note that the talk was arranged and hosted by UCC Entrepreneurship and Social Society, one of many vibrant student societies on campus. Groups like that were a massive part of my own education in college, rounding me out | [
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Production Costs Go up and Dramas Become Comprehensive Art
2019/04/29 | 513 views | Permalink | Source
The background music for "The Fiery Priest" has us excited every once in a while. The lyrics to the title song "Our Neighborhood Hero" by NORAZO, synced with priest Kim Hae-il (Kim Nam-gil), who purified Gudam from evil, and the melody just made the drama that much more exciting.
Unlike the past, where dramas were focused mainly on the story alone, dramas these days are turning into comprehensive art. The music, the filming techniques, and the art of a drama require more attention than they used to before. The strategy is to secure a comparative advantage in the intense drama competition in order to secure viewers.
How is the background music made? Most go through several meetings and request several songs that fit the atmosphere. When the singer has been decided they go into recording, but the number of songs is quite a few. Someone in charge of OST for "The Fiery Priest" said, "We asked for a song that expresses Kim Hae-il's anger for his creators when we decided on "Our Neighborhood Hero". It was chosen out of 15 songs and 6~7 people. Looking at the whole list of OSTs about 6 songs were chosen out of 100".
Eye-catching filming techniques are also a differentiating factor from other dramas. A couple of cases in point are the tvN dramas "Secret Forest" and "Confession - Drama" that continue the genealogy of well-made genres. "Confession - Drama" has been receiving favorable feedback with a 5% viewing rate thanks to the excellent performance of Lee Junho and Yoo Jae-myung, as well as the cinematic production.
The delicate sequence of legal scenes and thrillers make you especially immersed. Director of photography Kang Seung-gi said, "When it comes to emphasizing the thriller elements, we used the hand-held camera (which allows you to feel the shaking of the hand) to make blunt moves and save the vividness of the situation. On the other hand, legal scenes were filmed with a moving-camera, to capture the expressions of all the actors, and to try and connect the emotions to make viewers feel like they were in court themselves. While the former color sensitivity was mostly blue tone, the latter was colorless and realistic". "Doctor Prisoner", which cost about 10 billion in production costs, used an anamorphic lens for high-priced wide-screens to create a cinematic feel with excellent color.
The art director played a big role too. The quality of the drama depends on the quality of the set. "Doctor Prisoner" successfully stole the scene with a fresh visual of the prison. CP Hwang Eui-kyung said, "For most of the set except for the outside of the prison, we tried to blend reality and creativity. In order to save the ease of the camera moving and the three-dimensionality of the drama, we designed a double-decker prison that is not common in Korea. The addition of red, not gray, color to the prison walls was also an attempt to differentiate the entire atmosphere from ordinary criminals".
Park Min-young and Kim Jae-wook's "Her Private Life" is a story that takes place in an art museum, hence more attention was paid to the artifacts that were to appear in the drama. Producer Lee Sang-hee said, "We went through various discussions with galleries and artists to pick out 100 art pieces that will be shown throughout the first 8 episodes. We worked hard to make a set-up like a real art museum and select pictures that can make the characters stand out".
Thanks to this, viewers can see quality dramas in their home rooms. Drama critic Gong Hee-jung said, "Due to global OTT such as Netflix, the market has expanded and production technology has developed rapidly. Various backgrounds, including the increase in the number of domestic dramas produced, seem to have served as a catalyst to boost producers' desire to create".
Source : news.kmib.co.kr/artic...
"Production Costs Go up and Dramas Become Comprehensive Art"
Her Private Life
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Even those amongst us, who are tired of hearing about, and arguing about, politics and the economy know, deep down, that we must take responsibility for how Canada will be governed and represented to the world. It's no longer enough to whinge and moan about the issues that have snuck up on us while we struggled to keep up with the cost of living; Canadians need to decide what sort of Canada they want to live in. And that means we have to vote.
We have the right and a duty to vote, but voter turnout has been steadily declining in Canada and the United States, as well as in Western Europe, Japan and Latin America. The world's highest voting rates, at 95%, are in Belgium, which has compulsory voting, and Malta, which does not.
Voter turnout among Canadians is at an unprecedented low, and has been declining since the late 1980s. Voter turnout in the most recent election, at 61.4%, was the third lowest in Canadian history. Young voter turnout was 39% in the 2011 federal election. Canada's youth will often say that there is little in politics that relates to them. If an issue catches their attention, they are more likely to participate in boycotts and demonstrations, groups with like-minded views and passions.
We're exhausted with the process. We've also lost interest in civic and social participation. Pre-1980's, more of us were involved with our churches and schools, and we were more likely to be involved with professional or fraternal organizations. Before televisions and computers were available in every home, we met our friends and neighbours socially, to play bridge, or to pit our skills against each other physically in pickup sports and bowling leagues.
When pressed, those who can't be bothered to vote will say that they're just too busy. It may feel that way, but studies have consistently shown that we have the same amount of leisure time we have always had – we're just using it differently.
Others will say that voting makes no difference; we're only exchanging one self-serving politician for another. Since the early sixties, we've had less trust in government and in politicians in general. The rise of 'attack ads' and smear campaigns has left voters with a foul taste in their mouth about politics in general.
There's an actual formula for figuring out the likelihood of someone voting.
PB + D > C.
One of the issues affecting voters in Canada and the States has been a sneaky tinkering with that C; in the name of efficiency and a feigned attempt to curb 'voter fraud,' politicians have made it more difficult for some groups to be heard.
Voter suppression, the 'dirty tricks' dreamed up to intimidate, or to make it inconvenient or impossible for citizens to vote are illegal activities. After the Canadian Federal election of 2011, the Conservative Party was accused of having used live calls and robocalls to tell voters that their polling station had been changed. Voters were directed to false addresses, often several hours away from correct stations. These calls claimed, illegally, to be from Elections Canada.
In 2015, changes to Canada's voter eligibility have a new requirement, that each voter prove his or her physical address on paper. The long accepted practice of having a second person vouch for a voter's address will no longer suffice.
"The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the right to vote to every citizen in Canada who is 18 years and older. While the Fair Elections Act doesn't trump the Charter and render the right to vote for these groups null and void, the EFFECT of the Act could be just that. The Chief electoral officer Marc Mayrand reported in a CTV news article that removing vouch voting could affect over 100,000 people — particularly those who are Aboriginal and live on a reserve.
People who are homeless, whether on the streets, couch surfing or living somewhere temporarily, are also at risk of losing their ability to vote if voter vouching is dismantled. People who are homeless can experience theft, or sometimes misplace their personal identification because of housing instability. This shouldn't hold them back from voting.
This change may also become a problem as physical mail delivery becomes a thing of the past. It will | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.044105 | 0.335472 | 0.83307 | 1.164699 |
These only come once a year and are here only briefly, so I promise an end to Redbuds soon.
EU referendum covers the Rules of Engagement, my comment is that British Naval Regulations have always been of the strict "damned if you do, damned if you don't " variety, and they have always relied on the judgement and courage of their captains.
PESHAWAR: At least 58 people have been killed in fresh clashes between foreign militants and pro-government tribesmen in the South Waziristan tribal region, officials and residents said on Friday. The death toll from the raging battle includes 46 foreigners and 10 locals, a security official told The Frontier Post. He added the rivals were trading heavy rocket and mortar fire till nightfall. As tribal elders and religious scholars pressed on with tense negotiations to broker a fresh truce between the warring groups, the source revealed, two paramilitary troops were also killed in the hostilities. Sporadic fighting continued for a third day in Azam Warsak, Kalusha and Sheen Warsak areas near Wana. Tribal followers of Maulvi Nazir claimed capturing eight Uzbeks with bombs and landmines. "The tribespeople are in possession of the dead bodies of some of the foreigners," said a member of the dominant Wazir tribe. He confirmed the jirga had made little progress towards ending the intermittent clashes.
The Wazirs also got some aid from the Pakistan Security forces when they asked, as this Article from Dawn points out, although the military officially denies this.
Official sources said a mortar shell hit the home of one Qimat Khan Sarkikhel in Ghwakha area, killing the two children.
Security officials said army fired artillery from the brigade headquarters in Zari Noor Colony and pounded hilltops in Shin Warsak area.
They said tribesmen and supporters of militant commander Maulvi Nazir, in coordination with the security forces, had dislodged foreigners from the hilltops and captured bunkers after heavy artillery shelling.
They said the security forces had provided human and material assistance to the group which had launched a campaign against the foreigners, particularly Uzbeks.
They said the army had fired artillery in retaliation and the security forces had entered Shin Warsak to assist the pro-government tribesmen.
The sources said the clashes intensified at about 2pm on Friday and the rival groups targeted each other's positions with mortars and rockets in Azam Warsak, Jaghundai, Kalosha, Shin Warsak and Ghwakha areas.
They said 12 combatants, seven of them foreigners, had been killed. The foreigners were hiding in a government school. At least 15 people from both sides were wounded in the gunbattle.
All across the muslim world we are seeing muslim vs muslim violence, and it will continue. This is the ancient power struggle of the Islamic world, and the payback Islamic leaders, both secular and religious, gained by nurturing extremism: The crows always come home to roost.
So by creating secret armies of extremists to use against neighbors, muslim leaders sow the wind and the resultant whirlwinds are indiscriminate in their destruction.
Along with that we have the Taliban desperate to begin the Spring offensive and resorting to Press Gangs, and that has now backfired. Bill Roggio has more on this here, please take a few minutes to read the comments, there's an interesting debate in them.
Iran has performed the expected act of broadcasting the captive Sailors on state run Iranian Television. (Remember: Iranian citizens can't see opposing views anymore because the government confiscated Satellite dishes, and restricted internet access in the preceding months.) They have stated they will free the woman captive, and she appeared on Iranian TV in the requisite scarf.
Tony Blair has stated that they are stopping all interaction with Iran excepting that to do with freeing the hostages. To up the ante Iran has demanded that Britain apologize before they will release the sailors.
Powerline has a good post with analysis and updates in it.
Earlier posts here with lots of links to the articles on this and analysis.
Here's a picture of where my readers come from, as you can see they are spread over the world, but mostly | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.6527 | -0.271567 | 0.311242 | -1.218329 |
The #DataInsecurity Digest | Issue 82
Facebook's past and present handling of Cambridge Analytica scandal continues to draw criticism
By John Breyault (@jammingecono, [email protected])
NCL Vice President of Public Policy, Telecommunications and Fraud
Subscribe here. Tell us what you think.
Editor's note: Politicians in both the U.K. and the United States remain outraged with Facebook's continued mismanagement of the Cambridge Analytica scandal. After Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg repeatedly refused to answer questions from the U.K. Parliament, parliamentary leaders took the rare step of confiscating internal Facebook documents, including confidential emails between senior executives. Meanwhile, new data breaches continued to garner headlines as both Amazon and the Postal Service experienced breaches just before the Black Friday/Cyber Monday rush.
And now, on to the clips!
Congress outraged in aftermath of Facebook's questionable damage control tactics. After a New York Times report revealed that Facebook attempted to paint any criticism of its brand in the wake of the 2016 election as a plot by George Soros, members of Congress expressed outrage. Senator Mark Warner (D-VA): "It's important for Facebook to recognize that this isn't a public relations problem – it's a fundamental challenge for the platform and their business model... . I think it took them too long to realize that. It's clear that Congress can't simply trust [Facebook] to address these issues on their own." (Source: Washington Post)
U.K. Parliament seizes internal Facebook documents after Zuckerberg repeatedly refuses to answer questions. "The cache of documents is alleged to contain significant revelations about Facebook decisions on data and privacy controls that led to the Cambridge Analytica scandal. It is claimed they include confidential emails between senior executives, and correspondence with Zuckerberg." (Source: The Guardian)
More than half a million Google Play users installed malware posing as gaming apps. @LukasStefanko, a security researcher at ESET, found that 13 apps, two of which were trending on the Google Play store, were loaded with malware. "Combined, the apps surpassed 580,000 installs before Google pulled the plug." (Source: TechCrunch)
Amazon compromised user emails and then provided few details and potentially bad cyber advice to breach victims. @TonyRomm reports that the retailer "informed some customers on Wednesday that their names and email addresses had been 'inadvertently disclosed' as a result of a 'technical error,' but declined to provide more details about the security incident." Many cyber watchers further questioned Amazon after it told its "users there's 'no need for you to change your password or take any other action,' even though hackers 'still might try to use their names and email addresses for nefarious purposes, including phishing scams.'" (Source: Washington Post)
Japanese cybersecurity minister admits to having never used a computer. Before Parliament, Yoshitaka Sakurada admitted that he has no need for computers, stating that "'I have been independently running my own business since I was 25 years old.' When computer use is necessary, 'I order my employees or secretaries' to do it. … I don't type on a computer.'" Asked by a lawmaker if nuclear power plants allowed the use of USB drives, a common technology widely considered to be a security risk, Mr. Sakurada did not seem to understand what they were." (Souce: New York Times)
Your VPN could be spying on you. A new report found that "60 percent of the top free mobile VPN apps returned by Google Play Store and Apple Play Store searches are from developers based in China or with Chinese ownership, raising serious concerns about data privacy. … The same report also found that 86 percent of the apps analyzed had 'unacceptable privacy policies.' For example, some apps didn't say if they logged traffic, some apps appeared to use generic privacy policies that didn't even mention the term VPN, while some apps didn't feature a privacy policy at all. On top of this, other apps admitted in their policies to sharing data with third-parties, tracking users, and sending and sharing data with Chinese third-parties." (Source: ZD Net)
Breach du jour: 60 million USPS customers. The security vulnerability existed for about a year and "allowed anyone who | [
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Funding Cut Off
The NonProfit Times Tuesday | March 1st, 2011
The Court Appointed Special Advocates of Los Angeles (CASA/LA) might be the canary in a coal mine for the more than 1,000 CASA affiliates around the nation as it begins a new course as a self-sustaining nonprofit.
The Los Angeles Superior Court last March eliminated its financial support of CASA/LA. Though it had scaled back funding the past two years as a result of California's financial woes, CASA/LA relied on the courts for some $1 million, or about half of its annual budget. CASA's fundraising arm, Friends of Children's Advocates, stepped in and took over operations, converting the L.A. affiliate into a full-fledged, self-sustaining nonprofit.
"In some ways, we're freer to have more aggressive goals," said Executive Director Dilys Tosteson Garcia, adding that the program struggled in the past to expand. Historically, CASA/LA has served 500 to 600 children each year, but Garcia has a goal of serving a least 1,000 annually with long-term advocacy.
CASA's 1,050 affiliates can be found in more than 40 percent of the nation's counties. The only state where it does not have a presence is North Dakota. The national CASA office has an annual budget about $16 million, much of it funding that passes through to affiliates, said Michael Piraino, president of the national CASA. It derives much of its budget from contracts with the U.S. Department of Justice while private donations last year made up about 10 percent of funding.The "meat and potatoes" of CASA's work is recruiting and training volunteers to advocate on behalf of individual children in the foster care system, according to Garcia. It's labor intensive, with a huge need for staffing to support and prepare volunteers for court, she said.
"It's a very exciting moment for the organization, but it's a huge shift, in orientation, and how we run our business," she said. Going from a quasi-government bureaucracy to a more nimble, entrepreneurial organization that's more focused on effectiveness, efficiency and performance, and making sure donor dollars are put to optimal use, she said, will be a culture change.
After losing funding, CASA/LA laid-off staff, stopped taking new cases and redistributed existing cases among four employees. Volunteers continued to work with their children while the board put together a new strategic plan, hiring Garcia in July. The organization was running at half its regular budget and staff for about six months, she said, before starting to hire at the end of the summer, including a new director of development, John Charney. He previously ran his own consulting firm and for nearly 15 years was director of major and planned gifts at the American Red Cross of Greater Los Angeles.
Garcia estimates that about $1.5 million in funding has been secured for this year's $2-million budget.
While there hasn't been a rush to convert CASA affiliates into self-sustaining nonprofits, it's been talked about, said Piraino. A third of its programs are government-administered, he said, and many already have established nonprofit arms with the move to the nonprofit side led by the Los Angeles affiliate.
Los Angeles County's "cutbacks opened the door to step into something that could be very good for them. It's exciting to see how they're handling it," said Piraino. While there are other affiliates that have a structure that could follow CASA/LA, they haven't yet been pushed by a county's finances to convert totally to a nonprofit. "We'll probably see more of this over the next couple of years," he said.
"It's certainly something people are talking about. There are so many places where county and state budgets are so stretched. It's a consideration in a good number of places," said Piraino, adding that it also comes at a time when there's much talk about consolidating structures."The conversations we're having are not so much how do we save money, avoid funding cut | [
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TheVirtualBrain
Paula Sanz Leon et al. (2013), Scholarpedia, 8(7):30912. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.30912 revision #137288 [link to/cite this article]
Post-publication activity
Curator: Paula Sanz Leon
Nick Orbeck
Michael Marmaduke Woodman
Andreas Spiegler
Stuart A Knock
Randy McIntosh
Viktor Jirsa
Michael Breakspear
Miss Paula Sanz Leon, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
Dr. Stuart A Knock, Charite, Berlin, Germany
Mr. Michael Marmaduke Woodman, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
Mr. Andreas Spiegler, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm UMR1106, Marseille, France
Figure 1: TheVirtualBrain's logo.
TheVirtualBrain (TVB) is a neuroinformatics platform developed for simulating large-scale or "whole" brain network models. In contrast with other existing simulation engines (Brian simulator, NEST (NEural Simulation Tool), GENESIS, PCSIM, MOOSE, NEURON) the dynamics at the network nodes are not described by models of single neurons but rather by neural masses or neural fields (Deco et al., 2008).
1 Purpose & Philosophy
2 Modeling Approach
2.1 The generic two dimensional oscillator model
3 Scientific Modules
3.1 Scripting Interface and Examples
3.1.1 Parameter Space Exploration
3.1.2 Stimulation Paradigms
4 Datatypes
5 Supporting Framework
5.1 Graphical Interface
5.2 Data Compatibility
6 System Requirements & Availability
Purpose & Philosophy
The choice to develop a research tool directly focused on mesoscopic models of neural dynamics implemented at the scale of the whole primate brain comes from practical considerations about computational feasibility as well as a recognition of the fact that the most common experimental neuroimaging modalities (EEG, MEG, fMRI) in humans record on the large scale. EEG and MEG, by their nature, record a summation of neural activity from a large portion of the human brain, likewise fMRI, although recording localised changes, measures processes that operate on a much larger scale than single neurons and is typically used to record the activity of most if not all of a subject or patient's brain. It then seems natural to produce commensurate models of neural activity, ideally incorporating the spatial structure, such as the folded cortical surface and long-range myelinated fibre connections, which can be extracted from experimental data and provides an explicit constraint on source geometries -- and thus a first experimental constraint on our modelling work. A neuronal level modelling is currently not practical, however, with dynamics described at the mesoscopic level of neural masses or neural fields it becomes feasible to carry out these simulations on a modern desktop workstation.
The purpose then becomes to provide a common framework for collaboration and communication both between researchers developing these types of models, so that they may more easily and directly compare and contrast the models they are developing, and between computational neuroscientists and experimentalists or clinicians, so that these researchers can make use of these models as well as provide the much needed experimental constraints and validation of the underlying modelling work. With this in mind the design and focus of TVB has been developed. The components of these large-scale models have been separated as cleanly as possible, and a specific structure has been defined for the individual components, this structure is intended to serve the purpose of restricting the form of models enough to make direct comparison straight forward while still permitting a sufficiently large class of models to be expressed. Furthermore, in order to enable as broad access as possible to this modeling tool, a graphical interface has been developed, which is intended to provide both an intuitive and, hopefully, educational access to these models, thus making it possible for researchers who are not themselves computational neuroscientists to use them. As part of the graphical interface development, an extensive supporting infrastructure has been put in place, this includes: organisational features to help individual researchers to keep track of the large number of simulations that the platform enables them to run; collaborative features to ease the interaction of multiple researchers working on a single project; and the ability to perform some standard experimental style analysis of simulated data as well | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.385897 | 1.249112 | 0.402696 | 1.488507 |
as an ability to export data, so that it may be analysed by the same methods and existing packages a researcher would apply to their experimental data. And naturally, in order to facilitate complete access, use and future extension, the entire project is open source (GNU GPLv2), itself building on an existing set of open source tools.
Modeling Approach
TVB has been designed following a computational modeling paradigm that permits the model-based inference of network-based mechanisms on different brain scales that underlie the generation of macroscopic neuroimaging signals such as fMRI, EEG and MEG. TVB incorporates a biologically realistic, large-scale connectivity of brain regions in the primate brain, that is, the information of white matter neural fibre tracts as identified by tractography based methods (Hagmann et al., 2008, Honey et al., 2009, Bastiani et al., 2012), obtained from CoCoMac neuroinformatics database (Kötter, 2004, Kötter and Wanke, 2005), or from the recently structural connectivity datasets made available thanks to the Human Connectome Project (Essen and Ugurbil, 2012). Also, a realistic cortex model, as extracted from MRI data, is included. This approach allows a detailed spatial sampling, in particular of the cortical surface, resulting in suitable spatial support for an approximation of the neural activity as in neural field modeling (or network of neural masses) where each vertex represents a neural population model.
The cortex model and the connectivity matrix (the so-called connectome) represent two types of structural connectivity, that is long- and short-range connectivity. The connectivity matrix defines the connection strengths and time delays via finite signal transmission speed between two regions of the brain and the surface meshes allow for the application of arbitrary local connectivity kernels which represent short-range intra-cortical connections. In TVB networks themselves can be defined at two distinct spatial scales yielding two types of simulations (or brain network models): surface-based and region-based. In the former case, cortical and sub-cortical areas are shaped more realistically, each vertex of the surface is considered a node and is modeled by a neural population model; several nodes belong to a specific brain region, and the edges of the network have a distance of the order of a few millimeters. In the latter case of nodes only per region, the connectome itself is used as a coarser representation of the brain network model. The networks comprise discrete nodes, each of them models the neural population activity of a brain region and the edges represent the interregional fibers on the order of a few centimeters. Consequently, in surface-based simulations both types of connectivity, short- and long-range, coexist whereas in region-based simulations one level of geometry is lost: the short-range connectivity.
When traversing the scale to the large-scale network, then each network node is governed by its own intrinsic dynamics in interaction with the dynamics of all other network nodes. The equation representing the brain network model, when the space $\Omega$ is sampled with finite number of points $l$, reads:
\begin{equation} \mathbf{\hat{P}}(\text{d}/\text{d}t)\mathbf{\hat{\Psi}}(t) = \mathbf{\hat{\Xi}}(t) - \mathbf{\hat{\Lambda}}(\mathbf{\hat{\Psi}}(t)) + \sum_{v=0}^{2} \mathbf{U}_{v}S(\mathbf{V_{loc}} \mathbf{\hat{\Psi}}(t - \mathbf{K}/c_{v})) \tag{1} \end{equation}
The equation describes the stochastic differential equation of a network of connected neural populations. The number of elements in the vectors $\mathbf{\hat{P}} =\mathbf{P}_1, \mathbf{P}_2, ..., \mathbf{P}_l ]$, $\mathbf{\hat{\Psi}} = \mathbf{\Psi}_1, \mathbf{\Psi}_2, ..., \mathbf{\Psi}_l ]$, $\mathbf{\hat{\Xi}} = \mathbf{\Xi}_1, \mathbf{\Xi}_2, ..., \mathbf{\Xi}_l]$, $\mathbf{\hat{\Lambda}} = \mathbf{\Lambda}_1, \mathbf{\Lambda}_2, ..., \mathbf{\Lambda}_{l}]$, $\mathbf{K}$ and the order of the square matrices $\mathbf{U}_{v}$ is $l\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_{i}$. | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.746587 | 2.087482 | 0.931697 | 1.67065 |
$\mathbf{P}_{j}$ is the temporal differential operator accounting for $m$ neural masses of the $j-th$ node.
$\mathbf{\Psi}_{j}$ is the vector representing the neural activity of the neural masses of the $j-th$ node.
$\mathbf{\Xi}_{j}$ is the vector of external interventions (noise and/or stimulation).
$\mathbf{\Lambda}_{j}$ is a state operator. It links the state variables within a neural mass.
$m$ is number of neural masses within a node.
$n$ is the number of state variables of a neural mass. $n$ can be different for each $m$.
$\mathbf{V_{loc}}$ & square matrix of order $\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_{i}$. Coupling scheme for local connectivity.
$\mathbf{K}$ is the matrix of interregional distances.
The hierarchy of anatomical connectivity that determines the spatial scale represented by the structural linkages between nodes (Freeman, 1975) are represented by the square matrices $\mathbf{U}_{v}$ of order $l\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_{i}$ at level $v$:
$\mathbf{U}_{v=0}$ represents local connectivity,
$\mathbf{U}_{v=1}$ is the homogeneous (spatially invariant) connectivity implemented as a local connectivity kernel,
$\mathbf{U}_{v=2}$ is the heterogeneous connectivity given by the connectome.
Finally, $c_{v}$ is the propagation speed through the path of level $v$. The space-time structure of the connectivity over the space $\Omega$ in $\mathbf{\hat{P}}$ is coded by $\mathbf{U}_{v=2}$ and $\mathbf{K}$. The current implementation considers $c_{v} = \infty$ for local ($v=0$) and short-range ($v=1$) connectivities.
Figure 2: This diagram depicts the two main distinguishable spatial scales at which a brain network and its connectivity are defined. The human cortex can be represented as a two dimensional surface embedded in three dimensional space discretely described by an ordered set of vertices, spanning triangles connected into a surface mesh (left). Local intracortical connections can be defined at this scale using a kernel function. Time-delays are introduced via the large-scale connectivity where each region is represented by one single node (whose position may correspond to the centre of mass of the vertices belonging to the same anatomical region). The long-range connections are defined by weights in the connectivity matrix which can be used as a coarser representation of the brain network (right). At the surface level both types of connectivity coexist.
The generic two dimensional oscillator model
In the following sections this meoscopic model will be used as an example of a generic population model. The choice is motivated by various reasons, but foremost by the fact that a wide range of neuron models can be described by a two-dimensional (2D) dynamic system (FitzHugh, 1961, Nagumo,1962) and more recently Stefanescu and Jirsa (2008) have shown that population models of such neuron models preserve the mathematical form of the single neuron equations. This abstract 2D oscillator model generates a wide range of phenomena as observed in neuronal population dynamics such as multistability, coexistence of oscillatory and non-oscillatory behaviors, various behaviors displaying multiple time scales, to name just a few. The model is a dynamic system describing one neural mass ($m=1$) with two state variables ($n=2$). The dynamic equations of this model are composed of two ordinary differential equations comprising two nullclines (see Fig.3). The first nullcline is a cubic function as it is found in most neuron and population models; the second nullcline is arbitrarily configurable as a polynomial function up to second order. The manipulation of the latter nullcline's parameters allows to generate a wide range of different behaviors.
The equations for this model, as implemented in TVB, are:
dV = d * tau * (alpha * W - f * V**3 + e * V**2 + I)
dW = d * (a + b * V + c * V**2 - beta * W) / tau
$a$ : vertex of the quadratic nullcline or intersection
$b$ : slope of the linear nullcline when $c=0$ and declivity of the quadratic nullcline
$c$ : speed of change of the quadratic nullcl | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.103323 | 2.227642 | 0.274481 | 1.184937 |
ine
$d$ : temporal scaling relative to the simulation time scale
$e$ : speed of change of the quadratic term of the cubic nullcline
$f$ : coefficient of the cubic term of the cubic nullcline
$g$ : coefficient of the linear term of the cubic nullcline
$\alpha$ : constant parameter to scale the feedback from the slow variable to the fast variable if $\tau \neq 0$
$I$: baseline excitability of the system and entry point for long-range and local coupling and stimulation patterns
$\tau$: temporal hierarchy parameter to introduce a time-scale separation between the two state variables
To eventually compare the implementation of different models in the general framework, Eq. (1), a formulation for this model, under the conventions described above, is derived. Using the following equation for describing a neural mass model:
\begin{equation} \mathbf{D}(\text{d}/\text{d}t)\mathbf{\Phi}(t) = \mathbf{E}(t) - \mathbf{A}(\mathbf{\Phi}(t)) \tag{2} \end{equation} where $\mathbf{\Phi}$ is the set of $n$ variables; then, each state variable $\left(\frac{\text{d}\varphi_{i}}{\text{d}t}\right)$ is a function of these $n$ variables and the way they are interconnected is given by the state matrix $\mathbf{A}$.
In this case $A(\mathbf{\Phi}(t)) = A^{0} [1\,1]^T + A^{1} [\varphi_1\,\varphi_2]^T + A^{2} [\varphi_1^{2}\,\varphi_2^{2}]^T + A^{3} [\varphi_1^{3}\,\varphi_2^{3}]^T$
$A^{0}= \begin{bmatrix} a_{11}^{0} = 0 & a_{12}^{0} = 0\\ a_{21}^{0} = \frac{d}{2\tau}a & a_{22}^{0} = \frac{d}{2\tau}a\\ \end{bmatrix} $, $A^{1}= \begin{bmatrix} a_{11}^{1} = d\tau\,g & a_{12}^{1} = d\tau\,a\\ a_{21}^{1} = \frac{d}{\tau}b & a_{22}^{1} = -\frac{d}{\tau}\beta\\ \end{bmatrix} $, $A^{2}= \begin{bmatrix} a_{11}^{2} = d\tau\,e & a_{12}^{2} = 0\\ a_{21}^{2} = \frac{d}{\tau}c & a_{22}^{2} = 0\\ \end{bmatrix} $, $A^{3}= \begin{bmatrix} a_{11}^{3} = -d\tau\,f & a_{12}^{3} = 0\\ a_{21}^{3} = 0 & a_{22}^{3} = 0\\ \end{bmatrix} $
the equations for the 'Generic2dOscillator' model under this convention read: \begin{equation} \dfrac{\text{d}\varphi_{1}}{\text{d}t}= a_{11}^{1}\varphi_1 + a_{12}^{1} \varphi_2 + a_{11}^{2}\varphi_1^{2} + a_{11}^{3}\varphi_1^{3} + \epsilon_1\\ \end{equation} \begin{equation} \dfrac{\text{d}\varphi_{2}}{\text{d}t}= a_{21}^{0} + a_{22}^{0} + a_{21}^{1}\varphi_1 + a_{22}^{1}\varphi_2 + a_{21}^{2} \varphi_1^{2} \end{equation}
where $\epsilon_1$ replaces the term $I$ that represents the entry point of extrinsic inputs to the neural mass.
Scientific Modules
The simulation core of TVB brings together a mesoscopic model of neural dynamics with structural data. The scientific modules support the building of a full brain network model by linking a number of functional blocks. The simulator then recreates the emergent brain dynamics by numerically integrating the set of equations describing the large-scale network model (Eq. 1). The elementary components required to build such a network, including cortical population models, structural connectivity data, coupling functions and neuroimaging modality, have their representation as TVB Classes and are bound together in an instance of the | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.386428 | 1.94213 | -0.591646 | 0.549969 |
Simulator class. This class has several methods to set up the spatiotemporal dimensions of the input and output arrays, based on configurable or intrinsic attributes of the individual components, as well as a cascade of specific configuration methods to initialize all the individual blocks required to build a minimal representation of a brain network model and launch a simulation. For instance:
structural spatial support (e.g. Connectivity and Cortex), defines the number of nodes of the network;
transmission speed (e.g. Connectivity.speed) contributes to time delays in the network;
integration time step (e.g. HeunDeterministic.dt), together with the simulation length determines the number of time steps to be integrated;
state space (e.g. Generic2dOscillator), sets the dimension of each node in the network given by the number of neural masses, state variables and modes (only for multimodal models);
output space (e.g. EEG), sets the spatial domain dimension associated with this recording technique, i.e., number of sensors;
Note that in most neural mass models there is a state variable representing some type of neural activity (firing rate, average membrane potential, etc.), which serves as a basis for the biophysical monitors. The state variables used as source of neural activity depend both on the Model and the biophysical space that it will be projected onto (MEG, EEG, BOLD). However, how a given Monitor operates on a subset of state variables of interest is an intrinsic property of the monitor. Users with programming experience can, of course, define new monitors according to their needs. Currently, there is not a mechanism providing automatic support for general operations over state variables before they are passed to a monitor. As such, when the neural activity entering into the monitors is anything other than a summation or average over state variables then it is advised to redefine the Model in a way that one of the state variables actually describes the neural activity of interest.
Scripting Interface and Examples
Users with programming experience may interact with the scientific core through the Python interactive scripting interface [1], enabling easy modelling and development. The simplest way to describe the scripting interface is with an example, the code below shows the steps required to build a region-based network model and to apply a stimulus:
First, import some of TVB's scientific modules
from tvb.simulator.lab import connectivity, models, coupling, integrators, monitors, equations, simulator
Initialise a Connectivity, local Model (fig. 3
Figure 3: Phase portrait and sample trajectory of the generic mesoscopic model with its default parameters.
) and long range Coupling
white_matter = connectivity.Connectivity()
white_matter.speed = numpy.array([4.0])
oscillator = models.Generic2dOscillator()
long_range_coupling = coupling.Linear(a=0.0126)
Select an Integrator
heunint = integrators.HeunDeterministic(dt=2**-4)
Choose the Monitors to record the output activity
mon_raw = monitors.Raw()
mon_tav = monitors.TemporalAverage(period=2**-2)
screen = (mon_raw, mon_tav)
A stimulus at the region level is generated following the code below and the resulting pattern is displayed in Fig. 4
Figure 4: Top-left: the spatial component of the stimulus, indicating the strength with which the stimuli enters each region; bottom-left: the temporal profile for the stimulus; right: the combination of both the spatial and temporal components.
#enable access to connectivity attributes
white_matter.configure()
#specify to which regions and with what strength the stimulus will be applied
regions = [0, 7, 13, 33, 42]
weights = numpy.zeros((white_matter.number_of_regions,))
weights[regions] = numpy.array([2.0**-2, 2.0**-3, 2.0**-4, 2.0**-5, 2.0**-6])
#define a temporal profile
eqn_t = equations.Gaussian()
eqn_t.parameters["midpoint"] = 16.0 #ms
#create an instance of a Stimulus datatype
stimulus = pattern.StimulusRegion(temporal = eqn_t,
connectivity = white_matter | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.196233 | 1.469736 | 0.123402 | 1.389847 |
,
weight = weights)
Create an instance of the Simulator class
sim = simulator.Simulator(model = oscillator,
coupling = long_range_coupling,
integrator = heunint,
monitors = screen,
stimulus = stimulus)
sim.configure()
Run the simulation
raw_data, raw_time, tavg_data, tavg_time = [], [], [], []
for raw, tavg in sim(simulation_length=64):
if not raw is None:
raw_time.append(raw[0])
raw_data.append(raw[1])
if not tavg is None:
tavg_time.append(tavg[0])
tavg_data.append(tavg[1])
The resulting time series are shown in Fig. 5, where the perturbation of the stimulus can be seen on the transient dynamics from the initial state
Figure 5: Left: Raw neural activity described by the first state variable of the mesoscopic model. Each trace represents the activity of one node. Red traces correspond to the nodes to which the stimulus was applied. Right: trajectories on the phase plane. Blue lines are the stimulated nodes trajectories.
Parameter Space Exploration
When studying large-scale brain network models, it often of interest to explore the role of certain parameters and how the shape the collective dynamics of the brain. For instance, (Ghosh et al., 2008, Deco et al., 2009) demonstrated the important role of three large-scale parameters in the emergence of different cluster synchronization regimes: the global coupling strength factor, time-delays (introduced via the long-range connectivity fibre tract lengths and a single finite transmission speed) and noise variance. Using TVB's scripting interface, it is easy to replicate the scheme and perform a parameter space exploration along multiple dimensions. The following movie is a one dimensional parameter sweep along the coupling strength (slope of a linear coupling function). The connectivity matrix upon which the large-scale network is built was the demonstration dataset. The evolution of the local dynamics were represented by the model Generic2dOscillator, configured in such a way that the dynamics of a single node are characterized by a stable spiral (excitable regime). Each frame represents a 256 ms simulation for a given value of coupling strength. As this value increases, the incoming activity to each node affects the local dynamics finally leading the system into an oscillatory regime.
File:TVB pse gcs region deterministic 256ms.mpeg
It is worth noticing that parameter sweeps can also be launched from TVB's web-interface providing a parallel simulation environment to non-computational researchers.
Stimulation Paradigms
In TVB stimulation patterns can be used to directly stimulate cortical regions. This provides a way of accessing and altering neural dynamics in networks that are widely distributed anatomically. The induced activation propagates through long-range connections to other brain areas. By identifying regions which have been activated during stimulation, it could be possible to infer structural and functional connectivity patterns in the healthy brain and in the altered brain. Likewise, TVB enables researchers to test the influence of stimulation patterns in different cortical areas and compare the resulting brain states.
In the architecture of TVB, a common language permits the handling and flow of data between the scientific kernel and the supporting framework (see section below). This language is represented by TVB-Datatypes which are annotated data structures containing one or more data attributes and associated descriptive information, as well as methods for operating on the data they enclose. The definition of a Datatype is achieved using TVB's traiting system, which was inspired by the traiting system developed by Enthought (EnthoughtTraits). The traiting system of TVB, among other things, provides a mechanism for annotating data, that is, associating additional information with the data which is itself usually a single number or an array of numbers.
Supporting Framework
The supporting framework provides a database backend, workflow management and a number of features to support collaborative work. The graphical user interface (GUI) is web based, making use of HTML 5, WebGL, CSS3 and Java Script (Bostock et al., 2011) tools to provide an intuitive and responsive interface that can be locally and remotely accessed.
Graphical Interface
TVB's web interface consists of 6 main working areas:
In 'User', users manage their accounts and TVB settings according to their available | [
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hardware resources. In 'Project', individual projects are managed, allowing sharing with other users, and in addition navigation tools are provided to explore the projects structure as well as the data associated with them. In 'Simulator' the large-scale network model is configured and simulations launched, additional viewers for structural and functional data are offered in 2D and 3D, as well as other displays to visualize the results of a simulation. A history of simulations is also available in this area. In 'Analysis' time-series and network analysis methods are provided and the results can be displayed thanks to built-in visualizers. In 'Stimulus', users can interactively create stimulation patterns to be used in the simulations, enabling modelling of stimulation protocols. Finally, in 'Connectivity', users are given a responsive interface to edit the connectivity matrices assisted by interactive visualization tools. Each of the aforementioned working areas has a second level menu providing users with sub-environments to perform specific tasks or access detailed information about a certain project and its associated data. Online-help is also provided to help users navigating through the interface and to quickly give them an overview of the modelling approach used in TVB.
Data Compatibility
For exporting data generated by and used in TVB, an HDF5 based format (The HDF Group.Hierarchical data format version 5) was chosen. It can store huge pieces of data in a compact form; it allows grouping of data in a tree structure; it allows metadata assignment at every level; and it is a widely used format, accessed in several programming languages and applications. Additionally, each object in TVB has a global unique identifier (GUID) which makes it easy to identify an object across systems, avoiding naming conflicts among files containing objects of the same type. For importing neuroimaging data, generated independently by other applications, into the framework, a set of uploading mechanisms is provided. The following formats are supported: NIFTI-1 (volumetric time-series), GIFTI (surfaces) and CFF (connectome file).
System Requirements & Availability
TVB can be installed in three main configurations, according to the hardware resources: 1) Stand Alone; 2) Client-Server or 3) Cluster. In the former, a local workstation needs to have certain display, computing power and storage capacity resources. In the second, TVB is running on a server connected through a network to client units, and thus accessible to a certain number of users. In this configuration, simulations profit of the server's computing power while visualization tasks use resources from the client machine. The latter is similar to the client-server configuration, but with the additional advantage of parallelization support in the back-end. When using TVB's web interface, users are recommended to have a high definition monitor (at least 1600 x 1000 pixels), a WebGL and WebSockets compatible browser (latest versions of Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari or Google Chrome), and a WebGL-compatible graphics card, that supports OpenGL version 2.0 or higher.
Packages built for Linux, Mac, and Windows can be downloaded from here.
Source code repositories can be found here.
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.057302 | 1.179032 | 0.876107 | 1.311425 |
o, G; Jirsa, V; Robinson, P; McIntosh, A and Sporns, O (2009). Key role of coupling, delay, and noise in resting brain fluctuations. PNAS 106: 10302-10307. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901831106.
Essen, D and Ugurbil, K (2012). The future of the human connectome. Neuroimage 62: 1299-1310. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.032.
FitzHugh, R (1961). Impulses and physiological states in theoretical models of nerve membrane. Biophysics Journal 1: 445-466. doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(61)86902-6.
Freeman, W (1975). Mass Action in the Nervous System. ACADEMIC PRESS, New York San Francisco London .
Ghosh, A; Rho, Y; McIntosh, A; Kötter, R and Jirsa, V (2008). Noise during Rest Enables the Exploration of the Brain's Dynamic Repertoire. PLoS Computational Biology 4: e1000196. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000196.
Hagmann, P; Cammoun, L; Gigandet, X; Meuli, R and Honey, C (2008). Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex. PLoS Computational Biology 6: e159. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060159.
Honey, C; Sporns, O; Cammoun, L; Gigandet, X and Thiran, J (2009). Predicting human resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity. PNAS 106: 2035-2040.
Kötter, R (2004). Online retrieval, processing, and visualization of primate connectivity data from the CoCoMac database. Neuroinformatics 2: 127-144.
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TheVirtualBrain project website
TheVirtualBrain public code repositories
Brain, Brain connectivity, Brian simulator, Connectome, GENESIS (simulation environment), Neural fields, Neuron simulation environment
Sponsored by: Dr. Viktor Jirsa, Institute de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, Provence, France
Reviewed by: Dr. Michael Breakspear, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Reviewed by: Dr. Randy McIntosh, University of Toronto, CANADA
Accepted on: 2013-07-12 18:54:00 GMT
Retrieved from "http://www.scholarpedia.org | [
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India's north-east: Where football has come back to life
This is an India untouched by either cricket or Bollywood, and under the spell of football. The region with a little over three percent of India's population and just under eight percent of its total land mass is home to 20 percent of its footballers.
by Photography by Madhu KapparathText by Sharda Ugra
he success of Aizawl FC in the I-League this season has become a symbol of what football means to the north-east of India and what the north-east means for Indian football.
Three in every ten professional Indian footballers in I-League Division 1 come from the north-east - that collection of eight states, which happen to be the most ethnically-distinct, culturally-alienated, economically-neglected and politically-troubled from the national mainstream, and also home to its latest league title winners.
Of the eight states, three sustain the stream of the region's football. Manipur, which sent in the first large batch of its players into pan-Indian football; Meghalaya, through a regional institution, Shillong Lajong FC, the first club to enter the highest competition in India; and most recently Mizoram, which in a short time has created a rich ecosystem that feeds into the mainstream. Football has remained rooted in northeastern communities, regardless of the lack of wealth or opportunities in the past. When made available to them, the communities have responded to them with enthusiasm. Aizawl FC marks the arrival of a new generation of clubs from the north-east seeking a place on the big stage
Amidst the fundamental contradictions that Indian football has most recently wreaked on itself - to start with the Indian Super League versus the I-League, and the lack of systematic pathways across many states, football in the north-east stands for passion, ambition and pure soul.
ESPN visits the region, where the future of Indian football lies and where even in the most difficult times, the sport will always come home to rest.
This is Mualpui in the Salem Veng locality, south-east of downtown Aizawl, Mizoram, where boys are heading towards the Rajiv Gandhi Stadium for a trial. In a state where natural turf pitches are hard to find and even harder to maintain, the stadium is one of four artificial turfs installed from 2011 onwards. Boys have showed up from as far away as Lunglei, 170km and a five-hour road journey away in this state marked by 21 hill ranges. When a call goes out for football, they come from everywhere.
India's north-east extends from Uttarey in Sikkim to the village of Kaho in Arunachal Pradesh, which includes eight states and 4.5m people. It covers geographies from the mighty Kanchenjunga to the flatlands of Assam. The region is dotted with hill ranges where even if a scrabble of bare earth is found, a football pitch springs to life.
Football sprouts everywhere in the North East. Across the wide, green spaces of Assam, around the slopes in Meghalaya and street corners in Manipur. Here in the heart of Aizawl's Bara Bazaar, two Mizo schoolboys go mano-a-mano in the only central open space available at the Dawrpui Middle School on a damp morning. Around them are classrooms, on the other side of their school walls is the sound of traffic, a bustling market and vegetable sellers. The schoolboys' world however is focussed around their football.
More than eight hundred boys turn up at the Rajiv Gandhi stadium in Mualpui when under-14 and under-12 trials are called for by Delhi club Sudeva FC. It was the eighth trial held in Aizawl in 2016, the response was so huge that the scouts had to divide the boys into three age groups - including an under-10s category. Sudeva ended their pan-India trials with Aizawl, but had never come across such a large number.
Shillong's celebrated Glory's Plaza meets the city's demand for fashion and football; with dozens of shops rented by Tibetan refugees who source their products from Nepal and Myanmar, Glory's is a shopping magnet. It offers the trend | [
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iest shoes, bags and clothes and the sought-after football "first copies." "First copies" are high-qualify replicas of shoes, jerseys and jackets, not dirt-cheap but costing far less than the real, overpriced deal.
A local tailor in the Guwahati railway station area putting together replica football jerseys that flood the local markets and the wardrobes of the young. While authentic and "authorised" jerseys are readily available, the replicas are always in far greater demand. At the start of the ISL season, the Guwahati tailor has indicated his personal loyalties and puts together his version of the FC Barcelona strip. Lionel Messi roars in protest.
At the Rin Rin Store in Aizwal, someone is always looking for new boots. This is football central offering boots, balls, shin guards, jerseys, jackets and scarves. The club gear covers leagues across continents and nations. RinRin, named after the daughter of the owners, has also put its own logo on football jerseys, making and sponsoring strips for four out of eight Mizoram Premier League teams. Most MPL shirts cost Rs 250 and Rs 500 and in the Rin Rin Store, proudly share space alongside EPL and La Liga teams.
The clouds take over the Assam Rifles Ground in Aizawl stopping play in a Mizoram Premier League (MPL) match, bringing the Chanmari FC reserves onto the field of play to warm up and kill time. The MPL now in its sixth year, features locality teams from around Aizawl and forms a vital part of the town's social calendar. When play resumed after half an hour in this cloud-affected game, Chanmari beat defending MPL champions Aizawl FC 1-0 on their way to winning their second MPL at the season's end.
Royal Wahingdoh physio Yodakani Rymbai attends to an injured player at an Under-16 youth league match played at the Mawlai ground, against the Shillong Lajong under-16s. Both teams had female physios, with Lajong being handled by Laaiooley Passah. In 2015-16, Royal Wahingdoh finished third in their I-League debut season, then the best performance by a north-eastern club in the first division, but withdrew from the league the following season due to a lack of clarity around the future of the league. They continue to compete in regular regional and junior competitions and developed several India players.
The Shillong Lajong under-16 team heads home after beating Royal Wahingdoh in an under-16 League match at Shillong's Mawlai ground. The first club from the north-east, to qualify for the highest level of Indian club football, the I-League - 1st division, Lajong has been known for its focus on the young across regions. The Shillong Lajong Football Club academy, set up in 2007, begins its programmes from the grassroots (from ages 6 to 10) and finds players for four age groups; under-18, under-16, under-12 and under-10, and has on average 80 players on its roster every year. As of 2016, it had signed players from each of the eight states of the north-east.
Teenage football players bunk down at the Sports Authority of India (SAI) Regional Centre dormitory in Guwahati. The players belong to the SAI Special Area Games Centre in Kokrajhar, which is seen as a nursery OF Assamese football, and were on their way to an age-group district-level event. The centre is now a sporting oasis in the hubbub of Guwahati, its 7.5 acres including a football field, athletics track and an indoor sports hall. It was one of the key venues of the South Asian Games (SAG) and will be a training venue for the FIFA under-17 World Cup.
The Sports Authority of India (SAI) Regional Centre in Guwahati offers training and competition across nine sports: football, athletics archery weightlifting, tennis, boxing, taekwondo, badminton, fencing. Subhash | [
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Basumatary (extreme right) is its director and Samir Bandhopadhya (second from right) a long-time head football coach. Pradeep Brahmo (second from left) is head of the SAI Special Area Games centre in Kokrajhar, where the largest number of Assam's footballers come from. Suman Punia from Haryana interned as a football coach for junior boys.
Football's audience covers all ages and demographics in the region. Here, village elders watch an early morning match marking the opening of their annual sports meet in Chizami, nearly 85kms south east of Kohima, Nagaland.
Play some football, pull in the spectators. The white-washed terraces of the Assam Rifles Ground in Aizawl make it a favourite spot for watching whatever grade of football is on. The Assam Rifles, called Sentinels of the North-East, are the oldest para-military force in India and have allowed this scenic football ground to be used to stage matches, their personnel often watching from the barracks. Tickets for the public are cheap, access is easy and football makes for a relaxed night out with the boys.
A sport for everyone. Moitei, age 8, and her father at an MPL game in Aizawl; credit for the inclusion of girls in competitive football must go first with Manipur, who sent two teams to the first ever Indian Women's League. The third north-eastern team in the field of ten was Royal Wahingdoh of Meghalaya.
Andy Maliang, 12, keeps goal at the Malki sports ground near the Upper Shillong Forest area. Maliang, a 5th standard student at Malki Presbyterian School grew up in the housing blocks alongside the grounds, his father one of the grounds keepers. Maliang remembers playing football with his friends ever since they learnt how to run.
The north-east's most predominant sporting face is boxer MC Mary Kom, who belongs to Manipur but represents the entire region. Despite five world championship titles in her career, it was Mary's 2012 Olympic bronze which took her into every Indian home and made her the face that could launch a thousand products on billboards across the country, particularly in north-east. In Central Shillong, Mary's image looms over movie star John Abraham, the most prominent owner of the ISL club NorthEast United FC.
The Bhot Jolokia (Capsicum chinense) or the Ghost Chilli is known by many names across the north east - Bih jolokia, Borbih jolokia, Naga jolokia, Nagahari, Naga Morich, Raja mirchi, Umorok and Malcha-Phoh. A decade ago anointed the world's hottest chilli pepper, its pungency finds its distinctive place in the varied cuisine across the states. If the North-East had to pick its official spice the Bhot Jolokia would have to be it.
A commuter boat takes workers home as the sun goes down on the Brahmaputra in Guwahati. The Brahmaputra flows through Arunachal Pradesh and onto Assam and Bangladesh. Across its final stretch, it is called the Meghana before it makes its way into the Bay of Bengal. The Brahmaputra covers almost the entire width of the north-east and its 2900kms are a source of life for clans and cultures.
Every year since the Indian Super League (ISL) planted its annual tent in Guwahati in 2014, football fans around the region have tied themselves to the club called NorthEast United. Its slogan is "Eight States, One United" and whenever an ISL match is to be held in Guwahati, a caravan begins to move towards the venue from nearby hills. Like these young fans from Shillong, packed into a shared public transport who stop over halfway through their journey, for a quick snack of pork chops with beer at Nongpoh Midpoint.
When big-ticket football comes to the region, the north-east shows its love. A packed Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, (capacity 25,000) in Sarusajai, Guwahati hosted the first match of the 2016 ISL season between NorthEast United and Kerala Blaster | [
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EFF Urges Supreme Court to Block Government Overreach in State Secret Contract Dispute
News Update by Cindy Cohn
EFF and the plaintiffs in an ongoing lawsuit over a notorious case of illegal government spying urged the U.S. Supreme Court last week to reject a government attempt to have the Court address constitutional questions about the state secrets privilege in a contract dispute case involving the privilege.
The state secrets privilege is a doctrine that allows the Executive to block evidence from being presented in a court on the grounds that national security requires the information to remain secret, and it's been employed in both of EFF's ongoing lawsuits over illegal domestic surveillance. Another lawsuit that's had long-running battles over state secrets questions is Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation v. Obama, and we joined together with the Al Haramain plaintiffs in an amicus brief filed in this case: General Dynamics Corporation v. United States.
In General Dynamics, the government sued a federal contractor but then attempted to use the state secrets privilege to prevent the contractor from fully defending itself. In its initial briefing to the Supreme Court, the government invited the Court to address whether the state secrets privilege has its basis in the Constitution. EFF is concerned because such a ruling, while not relevant to the General Dynamics case, could elevate the state secrets privilege from an evidentiary rule created by the courts to Constitutional stature at a time when the Executive is making increased use of it, including to toss cases entirely out of the court system.
Most lower courts recognize that the state secrets privilege doesn't stem from the Constitution, and in this amicus brief we have told the Supreme Court that a contract dispute case such as General Dynamics is not the appropriate vehicle for consideration of this important constitutional question.
EFF's cases -- Hepting v. AT&T and Jewel v. NSA -- are both currently pending in the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The suits assert that the U.S. government, with assistance from major telecommunications carriers, has engaged in a massive program of illegal mass surveillance of domestic communications and communications records of millions of ordinary Americans since at least 2001. The Al-Haramain case alleges targeted warrantless wiretapping of an Islamic charity and their lawyers by the NSA. While the exact facts of the case are held under tight seal, the suit is based on a document the government accidentally disclosed to the plaintiffs that allegedly documents the illegal surveillance.
"This friend-of-the-court brief is part of an ongoing effort by EFF and the Al-Haramain legal team to prevent abuses of the state secrets privilege, previously by the Bush administration and now, disappointingly, by the Obama administration," said Jon B. Eisenberg, attorney for the Al-Haramain plaintiffs.
Hepting v. AT&T
Al Haramain v. Obama
Jewel v. NSA
Deeplinks Blog by Root User | December 26, 2020
Snowden: "We Can Fix a Broken System"
Below is a message from whistleblower Edward Snowden. His revelations about secret surveillance programs opened the world's eyes to a new level of government misconduct, and reinvigorated EFF's continuing work in the courts and with lawmakers to end unlawful mass spying.EFF is grateful to Ed for his support in...
Podcast Episode: The Secret Court Approving Secret Surveillance
Episode 001 of EFF's How to Fix the InternetJulian Sanchez joins EFF hosts Cindy Cohn and Danny O'Brien as they delve into the problems with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, also known as the FISC or the FISA Court. Sanchez explains how the FISA Court signs off on surveillance of...
Deeplinks Blog by Danny O'Brien | July 16, 2020
EU Court Again Rules That NSA Spying Makes U.S. Companies Inadequate for Privacy
The European Union's highest court today made clear—once again—that the US government's mass surveillance programs are incompatible with the privacy rights of EU citizens. The judgment was made in the latest case involving Austrian privacy advocate and EFF Pioneer Award winner Max | [
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El survivalisme (adaptació de l'anglès survivalism) és un moviment de persones o grups (anomenats preppers) que es preparen activament per a una possible alteració de l'ordre polític o social, a escala local, regional, nacional o internacional. Els survivalistes sovint es preparen amb anticipació per a aquests esdeveniments, rebent entrenament mèdic, emmagatzemant aigua i aliments, preparant-se per a defensar-se, i construint edificis que els ajudaran a sobreviure i refugiar-se. El survivalisme és abordat pels seus adherents de diferents maneres, depenent de les circumstàncies i de les seves particulars preocupacions, o bé dels riscos que poden arribar a passar en el futur. Els següents són només alguns exemples, encara que molts survivalistes encaixen en més d'una sola d'aquestes categories. Pel que fa a la preparació survivalista individual, hi ha grups de survivalistes i alguns fòrums a la xarxa, molt populars arreu del Món: Austràlia, Bèlgica, Canadà, França, Alemanya, Nova Zelanda, Noruega, Rússia, Suècia, Regne Unit o Estats Units.
Escenaris possibles
Entre els escenaris o amenaces possibles podem distingir segons la causa predominant entre les que tenen el seu origen en l'activitat humana i entre les que són degudes a causes naturals.
Un greu desastre natural, una crisi planetària apocalíptica, o bé canvis a la Terra, com ara terratrèmols, sismes submarins, inundacions, tornados, huracans, nevades, i grans tempestes elèctriques.
Amenaces d'origen extraterrestre, com ara el possible impacte d'un meteorit, una possible invasió alienígena i / o qualsevol altra amenaça de l'espai.
Un desastre causat per l'activitat de l'home: guerra convencional, guerra química, guerra biològica, guerra nuclear, contaminació radioactiva, i altres desastres causats per un govern enemic.
Col·lapse general de la societat, resultat de la indisponibilitat d'aliments, aigua, electricitat i combustibles.
Fallida monetària o crisi econòmica, originada per manipulacions monetàries, hiperinflació, deflació, i / o depressió econòmica global.
Una sobtada pandèmia escampada a través de la població mundial.
Fam arreu del Món i pujada sobtada del preu dels aliments.
Caos generalitzat, i qualsevol altre esdeveniment apocalíptic inexplicable.
Altres possibles amenaces són: la guerra informàtica, el terrorisme, i l'ús d'armes de destrucció massiva.
Preparatius comuns
Els preparatius més comuns inclouen preparar un refugi, en un lloc segur, així com l'emmagatzematge d'aigua i aliments no peribles, conserves, provisions, equip per potabilitzar l'aigua, roba d'abrigar, llavors, llenya, combustible, armes de foc, municions, armes de caça i defensa pròpia, equip mèdic de primers auxilis, així com eines per a l'agricultura. Moltes persones no fan tots aquests preparatius, els survivalistes si ho fan, ja que la seva manera de vida consisteix a estar preparats.
Preparatius estatals
Diversos països tenen organismes o agències governamentals destinats específicament a planificar, promoure, gestionar i executar accions de prevenció, resposta i rehabilitació davant situacions de risc col·lectiu com ara emergències, desastres i catàstrofes d'origen natural o provocades per l'acció humana, a través de la coordina | [
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The Bear Ears National Monument was already a compromise. A huge chunk of the original proposal was excluded, as can be seen on the map at the bottom of this post, apparently – at least in part – to protect Canadian miner Energy Fuels' Daneros uranium mining expansion.
The operator of a nuclear research facility north of Tokyo has detected contaminants scattered in the same room in which workers were exposed to radioactive substances from a nuclear fuel container.
Five workers were inspecting the container at the facility in Ibaraki Prefecture on Tuesday. A bag inside the canister suddenly burst, expelling radioactive powder.
The operator, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, says it has detected radioactive substances from 14 sections of the room's floor. It says measurements reached a maximum of 55 becquerels per square centimeter.
Photos taken a day after the accident show black flecks scattered on the floor. The agency says they could be plutonium and uranium.
After the accident, the 5 workers were kept in the contaminated room for 3 hours. Agency officials said they did not anticipate an incident of this kind, and needed time to set up a tent outside the room to decontaminate the workers.
The agency earlier said one of the workers had 22,000 becquerels of radioactive substances in his lungs. This level of exposure can cause major damage to health. But it now says the actual figure could be lower. Officials say the testing device may have also measured contaminants on the surface of the man's body.
The worker has been transferred to the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The officials say plutonium was not detected in an initial test there.
According to news reports, five workers were accidentally exposed to high levels of radiation at the Oarai nuclear research and development center in Tokai-mura, Japan on June 6th. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the operator of the facility, reported that five workers inhaled plutonium and americium that was released from a storage container that the workers had opened. The radioactive materials were contained in two plastic bags, but they had apparently ripped.
We wish to express our sympathy for the victims of this accident.
This incident is a reminder of the extremely hazardous nature of these materials, especially when they are inhaled, and illustrates why they require such stringent procedures when they are stored and processed.
According to the earliest reports, it was estimated that one worker had inhaled 22,000 becquerels (Bq) of plutonium-239, and 220 Bq of americium-241. (One becquerel of a radioactive substance undergoes one radioactive decay per second.) The others inhaled between 2,200 and 14,000 Bq of plutonium-239 and quantities of americium-241 similar to that of the first worker.
More recent reports have stated that the amount of plutonium inhaled by the most highly exposed worker is now estimated to be 360,000 Bq, and that the 22,000 Bq measurement in the lungs was made 10 hours after the event occurred. Apparently, the plutonium that remains in the body decreases rapidly during the first hours after exposure, as a fraction of the quantity initially inhaled is expelled through respiration. But there are large uncertainties.
The mass equivalent of 360,000 Bq of Pu-239 is about 150 micrograms. It is commonly heard that plutonium is so radiotoxic that inhaling only one microgram will cause cancer with essentially one hundred percent certainty. This is not far off the mark for certain isotopes of plutonium, like Pu-238, but Pu-239 decays more slowly, so it is less toxic per gram. The actual level of harm also depends on a number of other factors. Estimating the health impacts of these exposures in the absence of more information is tricky, because those impacts depend on the exact composition of the radioactive materials, their chemical forms, and the sizes of the particles that were inhaled. Smaller particles become more deeply lodged in the lungs and are harder to clear by coughing. And more soluble compounds will dissolve more readily in the bloodstream and be transported from the lungs to other organs, resulting in exposure of more of the body to radiation. However, | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.372991 | 1.158268 | 2.475662 | 1.076157 |
it is possible to make a rough estimate.
Using Department of Energy data, the inhalation of 360,000 Bq of Pu-239 would result in a whole-body radiation dose to an average adult over a 50-year period between 580 rem and nearly 4300 rem, depending on the solubility of the compounds inhaled. The material was most likely an oxide, which is relatively insoluble, corresponding to the lower bound of the estimate. But without further information on the material form, the best estimate would be around 1800 rem.
What is the health impact of such a dose? For isotopes such as plutonium-239 or americium-241, which emit relatively large, heavy charged particles known as alpha particles, there is a high likelihood that a dose of around 1000 rem will cause a fatal cancer. This is well below the radiation dose that the most highly exposed worker will receive over a 50-year period. This shows how costly a mistake can be when working with plutonium.
The workers are receiving chelation therapy to try to remove some plutonium from their bloodstream. However, the effectiveness of this therapy is limited at best, especially for insoluble forms, like oxides, that tend to be retained in the lungs.
The workers were exposed when they opened up an old storage can that held materials related to production of fuel from fast reactors. The plutonium facilities at Tokai-mura have been used to produce plutonium-uranium mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel for experimental test reactors, including the Joyo fast reactor, as well as the now-shutdown Monju fast reactor. Americium-241 was present as the result of the decay of the isotope plutonium-241.
I had the opportunity to tour some of these facilities about twenty years ago. MOX fuel fabrication at these facilities was primarily done in gloveboxes through manual means, and we were able to stand next to gloveboxes containing MOX pellets. The gloveboxes represented the only barrier between us and the plutonium they contained. In light of the incident this week, that is a sobering memory.
A construction company on Friday disclosed that has been padding the lodging bills of the decontamination workers involved in decommissioning work related to the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture.
Hazama Ando Corp. said an internal probe had found that one of its employees instructed a subcontractor to overcharge the Iwaki and Tamura municipal governments by a combined ¥80 million (around $724,770) and to make it appear that more workers were involved. Receipts for their lodging expenses were found to have been altered.
The central government is helping prefectural and municipal governments decontaminate areas tainted by fallout from the triple core meltdown at the Fukushima No. 1 plant in March 2011.
The contractors secure related work orders from both sectors, but the main contractors customarily shoulder the expenses of the subcontractors, after which the state reimburses them and asks Tokyo Electric Power Co. Holdings Inc. to foot the bill.
Toshiaki Nomura, president of the Tokyo-based construction company, apologized for the incident, which involved the padding of bills related to both decontamination and radiation monitoring in the two cities, which are both around 40 km from the crippled complex.
The company was found to have overcharged Iwaki by an estimated ¥53 million and Tamura by around ¥27 million and to have overstated the number of workers mobilized.
Hazama Ando charged Iwaki ¥7,500 per overnight stay instead of ¥5,000, and stated that around 15,000 workers were involved instead of the actual 11,000.
The Tamura Municipal Government was charged ¥5,500 per person for accommodation, or ¥500 higher than the actual amount, and was told that 10,000 workers were involved rather than 5,600.
The Oarai Research & Development Center in Ibaraki Prefecture is shown on Wednesday. The facility is overseen by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
The five workers exposed to airborne pluton | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.18008 | 1.020702 | 2.289167 | 0.669183 |
ium at the Oarai Research & Development Center in Ibaraki Prefecture were quarantined for about three hours in the room where the accident occurred, a Japan Atomic Energy Agency official said Friday.
Although this action was taken to prevent the plutonium and other radioactive contaminants from spreading to other parts of the nuclear research facility, it probably worsened their internal exposure as they breathed the tainted air.
Internal radiation exposure has been confirmed in four of the five men.
Education and science minister Hirokazu Matsuno said at a news conference Friday that a specially appointed team in the ministry would question JAEA President Toshio Kodama about Tuesday's accident in the coastal town of Oarai.
The accident occurred inside an analysis room at the facility's fuel research building around 11:15 a.m. Tuesday when a worker in his 50s opened a sealed metal container that had a plastic container of plutonium and uranium powder samples inside that was double-bagged in plastic. At some point, the bag ruptured, ejecting powder into the air.
JAEA says the tainted floor of the room is giving off 55 becquerels of radiation per square centimeter in the area in front of the apparatus — believed to be a fume hood — in which the container was placed before it was opened. The acceptable level is 4 becquerels, according to the Nuclear Regulation Authority.
The workers waited in the room for 3½ hours after reporting the accident. It was only at 2:44 p.m. that they started being checked for radioactive contamination, JAEA said.
When the accident occurred, the men were wearing masks that covered their noses and mouths, but the checks revealed radioactive material was in the nostrils of each one of them.
Subsequent lung checks showed that the man in his 50s had 22,000 becquerels worth of plutonium-239 in his system, compared with 5,600 to 14,000 becquerels in three of the other four. Four of the five were thus diagnosed with internal radiation exposure.
The metal container, which had not been opened once since it was sealed in 1991, was being checked on the instructions of the NRA. Experts evaluating the accident say it is possible that helium had accumulated in the bag over the years, raising the pressure in the container.
The NRA, the government's nuclear watchdog, plans to look into the accident, including the manner in which the workers wore their masks.
The metal container in question had never been opened since it was sealed in 1991. The workers were checking the container based on an instruction from the nuclear watchdog. Experts have pointed to the possibility that helium gas had built up inside the bag over the years, raising the pressure inside the container.
Farmers in Fukushima are struggling to revive their livelihoods. The 2011 nuclear accident and subsequent evacuation devastated farms — the area's main source of jobs.
Some areas, like the village of Iitate, have lifted most of their evacuation orders. But getting back to normal is taking some time.
More than 200 farmers used to raise cows in this region. But 2 months after authorities lifted their evacuation order, few farmers have tried to return to raising animals.
Six cows were released into a paddy field to graze. It's a step to revive the farm work that was widely seen in Iitate village.
One farmer is using his cows as an experiment that could bring hope to others.
After the animals eat these fields for 2 months, they'll have their blood tested to check if they have been influenced in any way by radioactive material.
"It's finally starting. For those who are worried or not confident about resuming cattle raising, I hope what I'm doing will encourage them," says the farmer, Takeshi Yamada.
Before the accident, farmers in Iitate used to cultivate some 2,300 hectares of land. But this year, only 20 are being used to grow rice and buckwheat.
Some 60 farmers plan to resume farming this year — a small fraction of the previous total.
A major concern behind the slow uptake is the uncertainty farmers have about being able to sell their produce. Surface soil in the area | [
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was removed to help decontaminate the ground, but doing that also lowered its fertility.
Another challenge according to farmers is weakened community bonds.
"We used to work together. We were ready to take on whatever tasks we had. But it's been 6 years, and the motivation to work is low. Nobody now says 'let's work together,'" says farmer Koichi Aoki.
To counter their plight, farmers are doing small things.
They formed a group of volunteers to remove weeds. They're planting flower seeds to beautify the land and keep weeds from coming back. And there's an even bigger benefit.
"We've been protecting our farmland. We want to keep it from turning to wasteland. And by working together, we'll be able to form human bonds again. That's our main goal," says farmer Masuo Nagasho.
It will take time, but people here are hopeful these small steps are just the beginning.
Experts probing the cause of the plutonium-inhalation accident involving five employees at a fuel research facility in Ibaraki Prefecture are trying to determine whether failures in safety equipment or procedures allowed the deadly powder to escape its container.
The accident might have been caused by the long-term buildup of helium emitted by the plutonium, one expert says.
The accident took place at around 11:15 a.m. Tuesday when five men from the Plutonium Fuel Research Facility at Oarai Research & Development Center were taking stock of a radioactive substance in an old storage container. This process usually involves placing the container into a special machine that adjusts the air pressure to prevent the material inside from being blown into the air.
Masked, gloved and donning other protective gear, a worker in his 50s along with a coworker standing by, removed the sealing bolts of a stainless steel container and opened the lid only to see a black powder burst forth.
"The plastic bags were thick and we did not expect them to burst," said an official at Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the facility's operator. "I have no idea why (the plutonium powder) flew out of the container," another said.
The powdery substance had originally been encased in a plastic container double-wrapped in plastic. It was then placed inside a stainless steel container sealed with six bolts. The container had not been opened since 1991, and held about 300 grams of uranium oxide and plutonium oxide that had been used in past experiments, JAEA officials said.
"The container may have been filled with helium (which can be emitted by plutonium) from extended storage, and that may have increased the pressure inside it," according to Kazuya Idemitsu, an expert on nuclear fuel engineering and a professor at the Graduate School of Engineering at Kyushu University.
Although masks were covering the workers' noses and mouths, radioactive material was detected inside the noses of three of the exposed employees.
The agency said Wednesday that internal radiation exposure was detected in four of the five workers and that a fifth is suspected as well.
Up to 22,000 becquerels of plutonium were detected in the lungs of the worker in his 50s who opened the lid. Based on that figure, the agency estimates his body has likely has 360,000 becquerels of material inside it overall, they said Thursday.
Under current labor standards, that translates into 1.2 sieverts over a year, and perhaps a 12 sieverts over 50 years, the officials said.
The government allows designated nuclear workers to be exposed to a maximum of 0.05 sievert per year, or 0.1 sievert over five years.
"This is an unusually high amount of radiation. We must carefully look into whether the workers took proper steps," Nobuhiko Ban, an expert on radiological protection and a member of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, said at an NRA meeting Wednesday.
Plutonium decay can continuously damage cells in the body so it is imperative to make sure workers don't inhale it, Ban acknowledged.
The main threat from internal plutonium exposure this is bone cancer.
"There are very limited cases of treatment for internal exposure to plutonium in Japan," Kazuh | [
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Acknowledgement page in research paper - Guidelines for Title Page and Acknowledgment Section | School of.
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.857838 | -0.979184 | -1.906975 | -0.444699 |
by Nick Bondi | Publishing Editor January 25, 2023, 2:49 PM
Zero gambling presence. A governor against any form of wagering. A demand for a mandatory hold percentage, something unheard of in the industry.
Suffice to say the odds were stacked against Tennessee lawmakers in their quest to legalize sports betting. Yet, while the process was predictably grueling and not without its difficulties, the Volunteer State joined the ranks of the regulated and legislated with the first (and, so far, only) online-only sportsbook bill in the country.
Tennessee might one day be a Wild West for online sports betting operators, but at the moment there remain several notable sportsbooks who have yet to sign on. That leaves those who signed on first as the books with the largest followings – and that appears unlikely to change for the foreseeable future.
Here's a look at our top-rated online sportsbooks in Tennessee.
Tennessee Promos and Bonuses
Here are the top bonuses and signup offers available in Tennessee:
New users of FanDuel Sportsbook that bet $5 get $150 in bonus bets guaranteed. All they have to do is make a first-time deposit of $10 on the platform, then place their first real-money wager on any FanDuel market. What makes the FanDuel promo code bonus stand out from its competitors' offers is the fact that it's guaranteed if the bet wins or loses.
New users will receive their $150 in bonus bets within 72 hours.
BetMGM: Up to $1000 Paid Back in Bonus Bets
New customers to BetMGM are eligible for up to $1,000 back in bonus bets when they sign up for an account.
For this bonus bet, you only get money back if your first bet loses, and they match your first bet up to $1,000. There are no minimum or maximum odds restrictions on your first bet, which is nice since sign-up promos usually feature those.
Barstool: $1,000 Risk-Free Bet
Barstool Sportsbook has an average sign-up bonus offering a $1,000 risk-free bet for new users. They word it differently by calling it a "2-for-1," but Tennessee residents know better: it's a standard welcome bonus.
With the risk-free bet, you only get money back if your first bet loses, and they match your first bet up to $1,000. While that's commendable insurance, it rewards you with nothing if your first bet hits. For that reason, deposit matches are generally slightly more appealing.
At DraftKings Tennessee, you will receive a $50 free bet with a minimum deposit of $5. If you don't have the bankroll to make a more extensive first deposit, this is a humble offer. Still, this is far from generous, considering that DK is a multi-billion dollar industry giant.
The more significant offer DraftKings features is a 20 percent first deposit match up to $1,000. In this case, you must deposit $5,000 to be eligible to receive the maximum possible bonus amount of $1,000. This is not a reasonable offer for the casual bettor.
WynnBET: $200 Free Bet
The silver lining of the WynnBET promo is that you only need to deposit $10 to get the maximum amount of the $200 bonus whether your qualifying bet wins, loses, or is a push. Most sportsbooks require a 100 percent deposit match to trigger a complete bonus, meaning you would have to deposit $1,000 to get $1,000 back, and in the case of a risk-free bet, you would only get a free bet or credit if your qualifying bet loses.
Unfortunately, WynnBET Tennessee does complicate how you receive your free bets. The $200 is divided into four $50 bets. The first free bet will be released within 72 hours after the settlement of your first qualifying bet. The remaining three free bets will be released in a single installment every seven days until all free bets have been released.
Tennessee Sports Betting Quick Facts
Launch Date Nov. 1, 2020
# of Betting Sites 11 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.206338 | -0.98178 | -0.094475 | -0.757914 |
Online Sports Betting ✅ Yes
Retail Sports Betting ✅ Yes
Online Casino ❌ No
Retail Casino ❌ No
? College Sports Betting ✅ Yes
? 2022 Population (est.) 7.05 million
? 2021 Betting Handle $2.6 billion
? Tax Rate 20 percent
If you're going to be even somewhat active as a Tennessee player, BetMGM might be the best app for you. Anyone who places $50 or more in wagers for a week will receive a nice $10 bonus the following Monday, every single week. It's a little thing, but the kind of perk that separates BetMGM from the field.
Hail to the emperors of sports betting brand recognition! Oh, and Caesars has a really strong sports betting product, as well, with a generous risk-free bet for new users and a bevy of promos and contests throughout the year. It would be nice to see Caesars expand its sports offering, but otherwise, its game is tight.
All of the standard player perks are here, from the $1,000 risk-free bet to the frequent odds boosts to the always-tempting Same Game Parlay. SGPs used to be the exclusive domain of FanDuel, but now several other operators are offering the same bet types – with better odds that you'll get at FD.
Regardless of what you think of the Barstool Sports brand – and there seems to be no middle ground there – the sports betting app deserves due credit. Barstool puts its personalities front and center in a creative way while hosting fun, creative contests and serving up flexible parlay options.
Check out our Barstool sportsbook review.
It's interesting that DraftKings has opted for a deposit match over a risk-free bet – and while the amount is generous, it comes with a demanding play-through requirement that most players simply won't reach. That aside, the app interface is good, the free contests are numerous and the odds boosts are generous.
Give WynnBET credit for having great customer service, an elite casino product and prizes and giveaways that allow it to leverage its brand strength in Las Vegas. But the welcome bonus is on the low side, and the lack of compelling online promos and bonus options make you feel like it cares a little more about slots.
How to Bet in Tennessee
Consult our top list above for the best sports betting options available to you in Tennessee. Our interactive list allows you to sort sportsbooks based on a number of criteria, including banking options, bonuses and quality of customer service.
If you're looking for more information before making your choice, be sure to check out our detailed, unbiased reviews for each of the top sportsbooks in Tennessee. This is especially important if you want to understand how each book's bonus offers work.
Once you're comfortable with how your sportsbook's new signup bonus works, it's time to make your initial deposit and claim that sweet bonus. The majority of first-time offers for Tennesseeans come in one of two forms:
Risk-free bets: This offer guarantees you a refund on your first wager if it is graded as a loss. The sportsbook will refund your initial bet amount (up to a specific limit) either as cash or as site credit.
Deposit match: This offer sees the sportsbook match your initial deposit dollar-for-dollar, though there are two caveats. The deposit match will come with a maximum limit, and in the majority of cases you will be required to "play through" your initial deposit by a certain multiple in order to earn the bonus.
Tennessee Legal Sports Betting History
Tennesseeans endured one of the more arduous journeys to legal sports betting – one in which the state made history in more than one way.
From an anti-gambling governor who refused to sign the legislation, to the introduction of an online-only operator market, to a mandatory monthly hold mandate, you probably won't see another state follow the same path to legalization. But now that Tennessee is open for business, you probably won't hear residents or visitors complain.
Here's a look at Tennessee's truly bizarre sports betting history:
2019: Governor approves sports betting bill
Getting a bill past the governor was actually the easiest part of the process. Rough | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.516847 | -1.067433 | -0.32468 | -0.852463 |
ly six months after Representative Rick Staples presented a bipartisan bill aimed at legalizing sports betting, Governor Bill Lee allowed it to proceed into law despite voicing strong objections to the bill, and to gambling in Tennessee altogether.
A few months later, the Tennessee Sports Gaming Act became law – and then the real challenge got underway, as lawmakers began putting together the skeleton of the state's sports betting regulations. From the outset it was clear that there would be resistance, as the first set of rules contained a mandatory 15 percent annual hold.
2020: First four operators go live
After an exhaustive back-and-forth between the council and stakeholders, the state's final draft of its sports betting rules were approved and released on April 15. Among the "highlights": A 10 percent annual hold requirement for all operators, and a directive that calls for players to bring any disputes or problems to the sportsbooks first.
Another significant part of the sports betting plan for Tennessee: There would be no retail sports betting allowed. Tennessee has no physical casinos – and unlike Virginia, which approved the construction of several casinos in order to offer an alternative to mobile wagering, Tennessee simply opted to limit players to online betting only.
The Tennessee Education Lottery Corporation finally approved the first three operators: BetMGM, DraftKings and FanDuel. Local sportsbook Tennessee Action 24/7 gained approval not long after, and all four books went live for the first time on Nov. 1.
2021: More sportsbooks join the fray
Thankfully for everyone involved, 2021 was a much quieter year in Tennessee from a sports betting regulation perspective. Approvals went out to William Hill (subsequently acquired by Caesars in August), WynnBet and Barstool Sportsbook, among others.
2022: Records are shattered in TN
The second full year of legal online wagering in Tennessee was punctuated by handle records and more license approvals. The state brought in a whopping $386 million in January to set a new single-state mark, while Wagr and Fubo become the ninth and 10th operators, respectively, to earn approval.
2022 also saw the Sports Wagering Advisory Council take over for the Tennessee Education Lottery Corporation as the overseers of sports betting legislation in the state. The SWAC became responsible for licensing, regulation and dispute resolution (in the event the player and sportsbook could not come to an accord).
Responsible Gaming in Tennessee
State regulators have made self-exclusion the responsibility of the individual sports betting operators, who must make their lists available to every other operator.
The Tennessee government has also put safeguards in place to ensure that bettors have a way out of any potential trouble spots. Players have access to a wide variety of problem gambling programs via the Tennessee Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, which receives five percent of sportsbook revenue.
Visit the Tennessee Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse site.
It will come as no surprise to see a rather extensive list of major professional and amateur sports available to Tennessee bettors – a list that includes (but is not limited to):
Entertainment (including major awards ceremonies)
That leaves politics as the only major betting market that is prohibited in Tennessee. You also can't live-bet NCAA games or wager on collegiate player props.
Tennessee Teams to Bet On
It's a good time to be a Tennessee sports fan. While the championship parades have yet to come, the Titans have been a strong team for several years, while the Grizzlies have made considerable strides in short order. Combine that with a Predators team that has put together several solid seasons of late, and you have a great sports scene.
Here's a look at the sports betting partnership situations with Tennessee's three major pro sports teams:
Tennessee Titans Betting
Hoping for a physical BetMGM sportsbook lounge at Nissan Stadium? It's not going to happen, unfortunately. Not only does the league prohibit on-site betting lounges at NFL stadiums, but Tennessee also doesn't allow sports betting at physical locations. That didn't deter BetMGM from entering into a partnership agreement in September 2020.
Memphis Grizzlies Betting
Being one of the first sportsbook operators in | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.228838 | -0.271242 | 1.170196 | 0.062991 |
the Volunteer State gave FanDuel an enormous advantage when it came to aligning with one of the state's pro sports teams. And sure enough, on Nov. 3, 2020, the DFS giant announced a multi-year partnership with the Grizzlies; WynnBET became the team's second betting partner in May 2021.
Nashville Predators Betting
The Grizzlies aren't the only team in the state with multiple sports betting partners. Fresh off inking a deal with DraftKings to be the team's official DFS provider and sports betting operator, Nashville added Bally's into the mix in October 2021. Bally's big add: a free-to-play game in which Predators fans can win team-themed prizes.
Tennessee Sports Betting Tax & Handle
Tennessee legislators and sportsbook operators alike had hoped to open the door to legal sports wagering in time for the start of the 2020 football season, but it was not to be. Still, Tennessee was able to get things together with plenty of gridiron action left, resulting in a respectable 2020 take and a strong start to 2021.
Here's a look at Tennessee's monthly sports betting handle beginning in 2020.
November $131 million
December $181 million
Total $312 million
January $211 million
February $176 million
March $206 million
April $172 million
May $161 million
June $175 million
August $145 million
September $257 million
October $375 million
Total $2.6 billion
February $313.3 million
April $292.8 million
July $182.8 million
September $336.8 million
October $405.3 million
Total $2.96 billion
Tennessee impressively held steady from a handle perspective between April and August 2021, then used the momentum of the return of football to post back-to-back records in October and November. Those fell to a sensational January showing in which Tennessee pulled in $386 million in handle, generating $5.8 million in taxes.
Tennessee has one of the higher tax rates at 20 percent of gross gaming revenue. It's also worth noting that the state has issued a mandatory annual hold rate of 10 percent on every sportsbook – the only state that has enforced such a provision.
Tennessee Sports Betting FAQ
Can I legally wager on sports in the state of Tennessee?
Yes! Sports betting officially began in Tennessee on Nov. 1, 2020, with BetMGM, FanDuel, DraftKings and Tennessee Action 24/7 all going live.
Am I permitted to bet in Tennessee even if I don't live there?
You can create an account, deposit, make bets and withdraw using any regulated mobile sports betting app in Tennessee, as long as you are within state borders. Be sure to complete all of your transactions before you leave, however; once you're outside the state, you will no longer be able to access your account(s).
You certainly can! Any regulated mobile sports betting app should work in whatever Tennessee-based sports venue you're in at that time.
Which Tennessee sportsbook should I use?
Check out our list of the top-rated Tennessee sportsbooks above!
Can I bet on any Tennessee-based team?
You can wager on any Tennessee-based pro sports team, as long as sportsbooks are offering odds. You're also permitted to bet on Tennessee-based collegiate teams, though betting on college player props is prohibited.
Can I bet on esports in Tennessee?
Yes! Tennessee lawmakers specifically included esports language in their sports betting legislation. However, all events must first be approved by the Tennessee Education Lottery Corporation before Tennessee sportsbooks can post odds and take bets.
How big is the Tennessee sports betting market?
Tennessee is one of the larger markets in the U.S. among states with legal sports betting, ranking 15th overall in population at 7 million people (2022 estimate). It is also growing at one of the fastest rates in the country, having seen 10.2 percent growth since the 20 | [
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The Grill: A blast to the past
Features, Opinion
The Grill opened in 1981 and its memorable history reflects for all to see in its storefront.
Neon signs hang throughout the restaurant, reflecting the bright lights popular during the 50's.
At night the neon lights create an ambiance, setting the mood for late night talks over milkshakes.
By Anna Hicks
The Classic City is not only known for its openness to new musicians, trends and great food, but also its timeless traditions. The Grill, a 50's diner themed restaurant, is a place where it all comes together.
Located in the heart of downtown Athens, The Grill is one of the most nostalgic and recognizable restaurants near UGA's campus. It's one of the few places in Athens that is open 24/7, making it the perfect place for students and locals alike to snag a midnight snack. Opened in 1981 by Bob Russo, it is the second oldest restaurant in the city and is a place of wistful nostalgia for many alumni.
"I have many special memories at The Grill, from going with my parents before a football game as a child, to taking my own children there when we come to visit Athens," Jennifer Wolford, a UGA alumni says. "It's become a three generational tradition for us."
Russo, a native New Yorker, moved to Athens to open a steakhouse, but soon began to open other international restaurants as well, including Gyro Wrap and Chow Goldstein. Russo's introduction of international cuisine helped expand the food scene in Athens for years to come.
Although traditions and memories can make a place feel special, delicious food is often what brings people together and The Grill does not disappoint. As a diner-themed restaurant, a good burger with fries and a milkshake is often what people go there for. They offer a wide selection of burgers from bacon cheeseburgers to veggie burgers to burgers with onions and mushrooms, in addition to their hand cut fries with feta dressing. The feta cheese dressing is a one-of-a-kind homemade recipe you can't find anywhere else in Athens.
"The feta dressing was really good, the chunks of feta made it amazing," says rising senior Jayla Brown, after trying it for the first time. "It isn't like sauces you find anywhere else, it's different. I would definitely choose that over ketchup or honey mustard with my fries."
Another trademark recipe of The Grill is their classic, malt milkshake. The shakes come in three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and strawberry, and each one is made with fresh milk and a scoop of their powered malt. These creamy milkshakes make for the perfect late night snack to get with friends.
As a vintage, 50s diner themed restaurant, many would not think of The Grill as a place to find healthier and dietary friendly meals, but like much of Athens, The Grill has adapted to many of its customers needs and now offers vegan and vegetarian options, such as salads and veggie burgers.
"It was a surprise for me to learn they offered vegetarian and vegan options," rising senior Scarlett Reicher says. "It can be hard for people with dietary restrictions to find places to eat and The Grill wouldn't have been the first place I'd have thought to look."
The Grill is an Athens staple filled with great food and memories for low prices. Although the older building could be cleaner and use updating, the authentic feel is what many customers like. Located right across from The Arch, it's central location is ideal for UGA students and visitors. It's definitely an experience worth trying on the next visit to Athens.
"When I think of Athens and The Arch, The Grill immediately comes to mind," Wolford says. It's one of the few places in downtown that has stayed and has really become a staple of the community. I couldn't imagine Athens without it."
June 21, 2019 June 21, 2019 Anna Hicks Tagged Athens, downtown, food, the grill Leave a | [
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comment
Should the Hornets Re-sign Kemba Walker?
Opinion, Sports
By Noah Monroe
Kemba Walker, a three-time All-Star who was a third-team All-NBA selection in 2019, averaged a career-high 25.6 points per game (PPG) this year and is the Hornets all-time points leader. Unfortunately, he is now a free agent, and the Hornets have to decide whether to spend a lot of money to re-sign him or let him go elsewhere.
The Hornets have not made it past the first round of the playoffs since the 2001-02 season and have put themselves in contract purgatory. However, Walker is by far the best player the Hornets have had since Glen Rice was on the team more than 20 years ago. Charlotte and its fans NEED the Hornets to do everything they possibly can to keep Walker for numerous reasons.
Here is a snapshot of the Hornets roster for next year:
(snapshot taken from http://www.basketball-reference.com)
No player who is under contract for the 2019-2020 season will be able to fill Walker's shoes if he leaves. Tony Parker might've been able to fill the leadership role, but he retired on June 10. Also, no one on the roster can be the dynamic player that Walker is unless a player like Malik Monk or Miles Bridges can significantly improve from last year.
In this year's draft, the Hornets picked P.J Washington, a power forward from Kentucky. Washington's potential has been described as a player who can stick around with team and come off the bench and start a few games here and there. This pick followed the trend of how the team has drafted in recent years, Washington won't make an immediate impact, he might not even make an impact within the coming years. Nevertheless, the team will continue to be abysmal for seasons to come, making fans continue to wait for the team to be average again, if they can even achieve that. Having Walker on the team next year will not only provide a mentor for the younger players but will also provide a spark to the Hornets in their games.
Some believe that "But Walker deserves better" or "the city of Charlotte doesn't appreciate him."
Walker has been stuck on a team that has only produced two winning seasons in his eight years with the team, and he deserves to play for a playoff contender. However, the city of Charlotte does appreciate Walker. They are part of the reason he's been selected to three consecutive All-Star games. The fans have loaded the ballot box with Walker's name, and they have filled the arena consistently even when the team is underperforming. Yes, they may not appreciate Walker at all times, but you have to remember these are the same fans who criticized Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton during his MVP-winning season in 2015. They just want Walker and the Hornets to be the best they can be.
Reports have linked Walker to the New York Knicks and the Los Angeles Lakers, two of the most prolific teams in the history of the NBA. However, the fan bases of these two teams are some of the most critical people in the history of sports. Notably, the fans of New York have failed to support players like Carmelo Anthony and Kristaps Porzingis in recent years and have run them out of town. In Anthony's case, wasted their prime years, which Walker is still very much in as evidenced by his career-high in PPG last year.
The Lakers have one of the greatest players in NBA history, LeBron James. Albeit that James has carried teams to NBA Championships, he has also ruined the point guards that have played around him, most notably Kyrie Irving. Does Walker really want to risk his career for the slim chance that the Lakers have at winning an NBA Championship?
Instead of going to a city like New York or Los Angeles, he could stay in Charlotte where he is adored by the fans and will be the focal point of a team with aspirations of the playoffs. Walker could play his whole career for one team, a feat that is rare in today's NBA and most important of all, he will surely have his number retired by the team, which would be just the second number retired by the Hornets.
Walker has said on multiple occasions that Charlotte is the place he wants to play. A few weeks ago at a youth basketball camp, Walker was asked if | [
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he would take less money to stay with Hornets. "Yeah, why not? I would take less, for sure," he said. Will the Hornets offer Walker the max contract, will they offer Walker a little less than the max to give themselves a little more cap space or will they move on from Walker and go in a new direction for the future? Only time will tell as free agency starts June 30.
June 21, 2019 June 21, 2019 Noah Monroe Tagged Hornets, Kemba Walker, Sports, stats Leave a comment
Brutality Has No Place in Law Enforcement
By Bridget Frame
America has a police problem.
Or rather, the police seem to have a problem with their fellow Americans.
In 2017, the police killed 1,147 people.(mappingpolicevolence.org). 1,147 lives lost. This is at the hands of those who are supposed to protect and serve the people of the United States.
Why is this normalized? There seems to be a rather skewed version of "protect," and less of an emphasis on "serve." Police must be the ones protecting us from danger, and not be a part of it.
Obviously, not all police are bad, or murderers. Most officers devote themselves to protecting and serving their community. But the rate of police using excessive force is disturbing.
In 2005, a study by the Guardian showed that minorities made up 62.7 percent of unarmed police killings. During this point, minorities also only made up 37.4 percent of the population.
Additionally,individuals dealing with various states of mental illness are being killed as well. Those with an untreated mental illness are 16 times more likely to be killed during a police encounter than those without one, according to treatmentadvocacycenter.org.
The most vulnerable—the ones in our society who need protection the most—are those being targeted.
These instances of force used on minorities and those who suffer from a mental illness is often attributed to a concept known as "implicit bias." According to BBC News, this is where a person is more aggressive towards another because they view them as being aggressive or unsafe due to a negative stereotype perpetuated in society. Even those who are unarmed can be seen as threatening through this negative veil. Race does not determine intentions,thus implicit bias is not a logical excuse for violence.
Being a police officer in today's society often gives them a disproportionate amount of power and influence. "Since 2005,research shows that only 35 officers have been convicted of a crime related to an on-duty fatal shooting," said NBC News. It is rare that an officer is convicted of a killing, even if the victim was unarmed, or suffering from mental illness. Officer's often state that they felt threatened. But there is little consideration of whether or not the victim may have felt threatened by the looming power of the police officer. Rather than just taking the word of the living, we must also work to defend the dead.
The issue of excessive force and police killings needs to be corrected. Whether or not an individual is committing a crime, there needs to be great effort taken to avoid a fatality. Using excessive force or killing who unarmed, vulnerable, or ill is immoral and wrong. Wearing a badge doesn't not excuse your morality. It just makes you an officer. Your job is to save lives, not take them.
June 21, 2019 June 21, 2019 Bridget Frame Tagged equality, Opinion, police brutality, race Leave a comment
Inequality Of Acceptance Of The LGBTQ Community
By Nikkia Bell
"That's for girls" and "man up" are just two of the phrases that young men hear from society. These phrases manipulate young boys into thinking that they have to act or dress a certain way to be boys, which is one of the reasons why gay men aren't as accepted as gay women.
A prime example is the sports industry. In the WNBA, at least three players have come out: Brittney Griner, Glory Johnson and Diana Taurasi. But in the NBA, no players are openly gay.
From experience I know of people who will accept a gay woman but not a gay man. I have friends who love me for | [
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who I am. They have no problem with my sexuality but when they see a gay man they talk about how they don't understand why or how he could be gay. From an early age, men are told to "be a man" and are forced by society to act according to stereotypes of men. Women have also been forced to act according to stereotypes, but they've been successful at transcending many of those stereotypes and boundaries.
Men put expectations on other men as much as women do. If a man doesn't dress or "act like a man," people assume that they're gay. This is toxic and can lead to men being insecure about themselves.
Nathan Walker, who is attending UGA's Media And Leadership camp, is openly gay and dealt with opression from his parents after he was outed at the age of 12.
Not a lot of LGBT people live in Walker's hometown, Fitzgerald, Georgia. "Living in the south and coming out as gay, especially as a gay man is kinda frowned upon and hush hushed. I wasn't allowed to expressed myself at school. I wasn't allowed to be myself. I had to hide it and be oppressed."
Walker believes that gay men aren't as accepted as gay women because gay women are seen as fantasies for heterosexuls and some straight men get uncomfortable around gay men.
If people realized that you don't have to be super masuline to be a man, then some men would feel more comfortable in their own skin. Gay men aren't attracted to every man they lay their eyes on and they aren't out to get straight men.
According to the UCLA School Of Law Williams Institute There are more gay women than men in every state in the U.S besides South and North Dakota. These assumptions are the reason why people of the LGBTQ community, especially men, have trouble coming out. They worry most about what others would think and say about them.
The Trevor Project states that LGBTQ youth are almost five times as likely to attempt suicide compared to heterosexual youth.
Next time you have the urge to tell a boy to "man up," consider the consequences. It could be a matter of life and death.
June 21, 2019 June 21, 2019 Nikkia Bell Tagged gay men, gay women, inequality, Trevor Project Leave a comment
Stress for Success
By Jenna Lo
There's homework to be completed, tests to be studied, class ranking to maintain, clubs to participate in, college to always have in the back of my mind, and an unbearable number of other things I must stay on top of constantly. My school praises my hard work with awards and an uncomfortable amount of recognition of my achievements. I've worked my way to second in class.
But I'm tired…of all of this.
Schools use grades and class rankings to compare and measure every student in the grade. Students receive awards based on how high their grades are, and the two students who are at the top of the class get the special title of valedictorian and salutatorian. The competition among students is supposed to encourage students to work hard and maintain their grades.
But at what cost?
According to a 2015 study conducted by the New York University College of Nursing, 80% of all high school students reported feeling stressed to some extent, 26% of which reported symptoms of clinical depression. This staggering number is due to the school system's push for competition among peers. The Pew Research Center found 61% of teens feel pressured to get good grades, which is significantly higher than the pressure students feel to use drugs (4%) or consume alcohol (6%).
For Nathan Walker, a rising junior at Fitzgerald High School located in Fitzgerald, Georgia, the weight of all his honor and AP classes, extracurricular activities, and his job has taken a toll on his mental health.
"I'm extremely stressed to a point where it's unbelievable," said Walker. "I'm not comfortable with my situation at all, but if I want to get out of high school and go to college I have to put grades first."
Additionally, Sarah Clifton, a rising senior at Saint Scholastica Academy in Covington, Louisiana, revealed she has felt stressed about her grades since fifth grade. Now, | [
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