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We ended our scenic train ride from Ella, at Kandy station, where we then walked to the bus station to catch a bus to take us to Habarana. We were shocked in Kandy at how busy the city was, and how manic the bus terminal was. We arrived in the nick of time, to catch a bus to Habarana, which took 3 hours to get to the town. the bus stops at every bus station, and was packed to capacity. We were grateful to have a seat, even though we were packed like sardines, as the isles were full with people standing. To make things even more uncomfortable, the man sitting next to Francois had a sick child on his lap, who was vomiting into a plastic bag most of the journey. Despite this, we could not get over how cheap the ticket for the bus was….it cost us about R11.50 each for a ticket (That is less than 1l of petrol in Cape Town), for a 94km journey!
We arrived at our accommodation in Habarana in the evening, called Habarana Wild Resort. This accommodation and the town itself was a last minute booking, recommended to us by our cooking classmates from the day before. Habarana is centrally located to many attractions, and made a good base to visit them from. The accommodation was recommended as they told us they had seen elephants in the garded while staying there.
On arrival at our accommodation, we had dinner in the garden, and while we were eating, an elephant walked into the garden and started eating the leaves on the trees about 25m away from us. It is not every day that you get to see a wild elephant so close to you, while eating your dinner. After having some leaves, the elephant passed through the property, going silently into the jungle.
On one of the days we took a bus to the town of Polonnaruva, which was about an hour away. This time we were the ones standing most of the journey as the bus was again filled to capacity. When we reached the town of Polonnaruva, we rented some bicycles and went exploring the ancient city that the town is famous for. The ancient city reminded us very much of Angkor Wat complex in Cambodia. One of the main differences we found annoying when compared to Angkor wat, is that in almost every temple complex in Polonnaruva we had to remove our shoes and hats. This becomes extremely annoying, especially in the 30+ degree heat of the day.
We cycled to many different ruins and temples and spent the entire day at the complex, which was home to many monkeys. Once we were finished and wanted to catch the bus home, we found the street closed off to protesters, who were blocking the road where the bus stops. It was worrying to suddenly be stranded in a strange town, where not many people speak English, and there didn't seem to be any way of leaving, all this while it was getting dark. Eventually after a couple of hours, the road opened again, and we were able to catch the first bus out of town, back to Habarana.
One of the days we decided to visit the nearby Kaudulla National park, which is home to hundreds of elephants. The jeep that took us on the safari had a removable roof-top, so we were able to stand in the back, and get a 360 degree view of everything. We enjoyed the safari very much as it was great to see elephants free in the wild, they looked so happy in their family groups, and we were able to see literally hundreds of them gathering in the evening.
On the last day of our stay in Habarana, we did a LOT of hiking and walking. We went to the town of Dambulla where we visited the rock temple and the Golden temple.
We also visited the town of Sigiriya, where we climbed up both Pidurangula and the famous Lion rock. There were a lot of ruins and grounds around the Lion rock, and we also visited the museum on the premises. The view from the top of both Pidurangula and Lion rock was pretty awesome, but Lion rock was better, because of it having the ancient ruins on the top of the rock.
At lion rock there was a few large wasp nests, and many warning signs about getting stung and what to do, this made us quite nervous. We asked the 'wasp guy', an actual person whose job it is to assist people who have been attacked by was | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.624319 | -0.980482 | 0.524636 | -0.011637 |
To date, issues related to privacy and personal data protection are felt more than ever, just think of the scandal Facebook and Cambridge Analytica, it is no coincidence that the Privacy Guarantor and the European Union have introduced the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 April 27, 2016 (GDPR) which provides a series of guidelines that companies in the European community must observe to ensure the protection and confidentiality of the stored user data.
PRIVACY AND GDPR
The GDPR contains in itself not only the aspects strictly related to privacy but a more complex set of issues, from legal to more technological. The new EU regulation 2016/679 of 28 April 2016 in fact revolves around the concepts of data protection, its life cycle and the correct information that the user must receive about his data.
PRIVACYHUB
From the need to face in its complexity the theme of the GDPR thanks to the contribution of specific skills and mainly coming from the areas of Privacy, Legal and Technological, in December 2017 PrivacyHub was born. PrivacyHub is a network of companies established with the common intent to build a center of competence to respond in a professional and targeted manner to the new European regulation and to all issues related to data protection.
PrivacyHub consists of the following actors:
♦ Secure Online Desktop | Technological services and Cloud: It deals with all the technological aspects in terms of Data Protection (Cloud Backup, Vulnerability Assessment & Penetration Test, Audit Management, Log Management) offering the targeted service based on the customer's reality and the results obtained by the Gap Analysis.
♦ ATS – Consulenti Associati | Consulting and certifications;
♦ Studio legale Miari Preite | Legal aspects;
♦ Studio legale Paolo Mega | Legal aspects.
which, by centralizing the client's needs and sharing their knowledge, are able to propose complete and targeted solutions for the adaptation to the EU regulation 2017/679 of 28 April 2016.
We offer privacy consulting services. After an information collection (privacy assessment) we are able to carry out all the activities necessary to obtain the adaptation to the new European regulation.
GDPR: what's new and what's old
New European regulation (GDPR)
Cyber Risk Insurance
New service | Log Management
regulation-2016-679-of-27-april-2016
The 2016-679 regulation of 27 April 2016 will apply in all Member States from 25 May 2018, within which the companies will have to comply with the new Privacy Act.
As activities related to privacy advice and specifically in relation to the minimum security measures that must be prepared following the Gap Analysis and Privacy Assessment, the Secure Online Desktop offers the following services.
Our services for the regulation-2016-679-of-27-april-2016
♦ GDPR CONSULTING
It is the consulting activity for the adaptation to the new 2016-679 privacy regulation. Find out more.
♦ PRIVACY ASSESSMENT
It is one of the first activities within the GDPR consulting projects aimed at "photographing" the current state of the company on the topic of Privacy. Find out more.
♦ VULNERABIITY ASSESSMENT & PENETRATION TEST
The activities of the Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Test are aimed at assessing the level of IT security of an IT infrastructure. Find out more.
♦ PRIVACY TRAINING
The training of persons in charge of processing personal data, in addition to constituting a legal obligation, is one of the most effective security measures to protect the same data. In fact, training is essential for logical and physical security measures, as well as policies and procedures adopted by companies, to find concrete and conscious application in daily practice.
The courses are delivered in the classroom directly at the customer, and are designed and maintained by Privacy Officer and teachers who are experts in personal data security and organization.
All our courses are highly practical and are carried out through a constant interaction between teacher and participants, with the aim not only to make the fundamental principles of the | [
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The attempt to suppress
... sorry, but KAOS is unsuppressible
Following an attempt to suppress the KAOS Supplement, with an obvious threat to KAOS itself if successful, I have created a bit of a controversy by taking advantage of my membership of the National Union of Journalists. The chance to put together this rather spontaneous webpage is in line with some of the kind of off-the-wall material I now want to make available on this site.
On August 20, 2002, I received an email from my ISP informing me that it had come to the attention of the BTOpenworld team that my "account has been used for publishing personal information without the permission of the individual concerned". I was pointed in the direction of "The Black Lodge of Santa Cruz" PDF (the KAOS Supplement) and ordered to take it down immediately or have my account terminated.
I complied, citing my NUJ membership, and added that I regarded this as a censorship issue I might take further. I requested more details about the precise nature of the complaint. I was ignored.
So I wrote the following email for publication to Tim Gopsill, editor of the Journalist, the NUJ magazine that goes to all affiliated NUJ members in press, radio, and television:
Censorship by ISP
Recently I experienced the summary ad hoc censorship of an ISP as a result of a single anonymous complaint, resulting in a 69 page PDF document critical of an occult organisation in the US with members here having to be removed from my website. No explanation was given as to what precisely was regarded as the publication of "private material without the consent of the person concerned", who the person was who complained, or any indication that the ISP (BT Internet) had even checked whether the complaint was genuinely from that person. I cited my NUJ membership in response, requesting further details, and to date have simply been stonewalled by the ISP.
In this particular case, I might note that this occult organisation has been getting websites critical of it taken down in the United States for several years now by employing this simple and cost-free tactic of dashing off an email to [email protected], relying on the ISP's timidity. So it now seems that press freedom is in the hands of people who couldn't care less and totally dependent upon a single complaint from a supposedly aggrieved party.
This kind of thing makes a mockery of the web and undermines it as a serious publishing medium, and if it continues it will ensure that the web is capable of publishing only inconsequential pap. It's ironic that the last bastion of web freedom is now the Former Soviet Union. Seems that to be an investigative journalist of any worth on the web necessitates that one become acquainted with the ins and outs of the cyber pirate and locate contentious material in Russian or Serbian cyberspace, shifting hosts periodically behind a Romanian forwarding address.
Ah well, if that is the way it is to be...
Where does the NUJ stand on this form of censorship?
Yours etc
Tim emailed me back saying he was thinking of running it as a news story, which was good timing since I had just that moment stirred up the hornet's nest a little (as is my wont) on two BTInternet newsgroups by publishing the letter there for the attention of "BT Openworld Support", who regularly answered posts, stating that I had just sent the letter for publication in the Journalist. The "Support" team may not be the "Acceptable Use" team but a journalist only needs a foot in the door to find the right room, and it was a splendid opportunity to express my true feelings about this whole issue of ad hoc ISP censorship. Here is my subsequent post, Aug 24, 2002, to the non-Google-archived newsgroups btinternet.homepages.authoring and btinternet.support, after the support team had responded to my initial post. This was also emailed to Tim Gopsill at the Journalist. The comments given in blue are from BT Openworld Support, mine in black:
Interesting post.
I'm unsure of the specific checks the acceptable use team make to verify the identity of the 'person concerned'. Nor do I know how they would verify details if you for example provided 'proof' that you had this individual's permission to publicise details.
Well you have put your finger on a very good point. For all the "acceptable | [
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use" team know or have bothered to find out I may well have that person's permission to publicise such details. How would they know if they don't even tell me who the person is and what details exactly he or she objects to?
So, there are two problems there straight away. How do they know the complaint is genuine? How do they know I haven't got permission? Clearly on the latter the inference is that they take the word of what may be a quite spurious and malicious complaint and do not care in the slightest what the website creator may have to say about it. The NUJ is appalled by that kind of lackadaisical censorship.
Clearly you are aware of the guidelines here:
http://www.abuse-guidance.com/
8. You must not publicise the personal details of others without their consent.
Clearly this is subject to a wide latitude of interpretation. Not being told what constitutes such "personal details" in a 69 page document makes it hard to remove such details even if I were in agreement and were willing to self-censor certain pages with a black-out (much like most of the "Freedom of Information" Documents obtained in the US). So I am told to remove the entire document immediately or have my website closed down. Perhaps the person objects only to a single sentence that shows him or her in a bad light, if I was told what exactly the information was that was being objected to I might be in a position to decide for myself that it wasn't so important to the main work and could easily remove it.
Besides which, what exactly is a "personal detail"? Is your name a personal detail? Is the fact that a person belongs to quasi-masonic secret occult organisation intent on instituting another form of government in the United States a personal detail, even if true, even if I have documentation to prove it, even if they have admitted it in another context? Does the fact that, for example, a person was convicted of keeping a 6 year old boy chained in a hotbox in the Mojave desert for 56 days, even if true, even if already published in the New York Times, become a "personal detail" if repeated on a BTInternet website? Where does a "personal detail" start and end? Clearly on this basis no newspaper in the world would ever be able to be published.
Not only this, obviously numerous personal websites on your servers are already in contravention of your guidelines and await only a single complaint to get them taken down. Is it right that website creators should have their hard work subject to such a vague catch-all condition and live in apprehension of the censorship team swooping down on them like some D-Notice Committee for publishing some trivial detail that someone with an overlarge ego and a chip on their shoulder decides would be a good angle for a bit of petty revenge?
The document in question is in the nature of a personal testimony by an individual about what he experienced in secret occult Order in the United States. Clearly there will be much there that this Order does not wish to be known, yet it is still the honest account of a witness describing his own experiences that of course involves others. Can one only write about things as if they were experienced in a vacuum? Is BTInternet too lily-livered to host this kind of thing? (If so, perhaps the Terms & Conditions need amending saying that only websites concerned with collecting stamps and gardening need apply.) If I am writing an online diary, say, and I mentioned that I saw you in the pub on Thursday, would you be in a position to get my website taken down on the basis that you did not wish it to be known that you were in the pub that night? Where does this end?
While of course I have much time for the concept of "privacy", and would seek to respect it, there is also such a thing as fair comment in the public interest, giving rise to a grey area whereby certain individuals are able to abuse the notion of "privacy" in order to keep from the public gaze certain information that is in the public's interest. This needs to be defined far more clearly for ISPs I will concede, in the wake of the Godfrey vs Demon Internet case, but this is still no excuse for ISPs to behave like primadonna-ish school ma'ams confiscating feltpens from infants.
This is my main point: summary ad hoc censorship, without being given any recourse to answer the case or amend my documentation appropriately. Despite the fact | [
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I was ordered to take down the document "immediately", or at the latest within 24 hours or have my website obliterated, I was not accorded a similar courtesy when I responded that I had done so and requested further info. I believe any member of the public should be accorded that respect, but given that I cited my NUJ membership and stated that I regarded this as a censorship issue I was considering taking up further with the NUJ it is doubly foolish and disrespectful to be ignored. Thus the matter has escalated to the degree it has. It is about bloody time, frankly, that the NUJ got to grips with this issue. I think we have pussy-footed around with ISP megalomania for far too long.
Further details will be published here as they emerge..... I'm in the mood for a scorched earth campaign frankly.
In the meantime, "The Black Lodge of Santa Cruz" is on a server hop and at present can be found here.
In time I will make a selection of mirrors available, so if anyone wants to temporarily host it on their webspace do get in touch, it would be amusing to watch those who desire to suppress it chasing it all over the web like some devilish little butterfly hard to net.
I've set up a "kickme.to" redirect address, you can use the following cloaked URL to find KAOS should it be entirely shut down on its present server: http://kickme.to/156
Kickme.to has been successfully used by F.O.S.I. for a number of years. Use of the kickme.to URL will mean you are served a single delayed pop-up ad, which can either sit quietly on your taskbar or, if closed, will initiate a further pop-up, but no more after that. This is a small price to pay for the freedom of cyberspace. The browser I use most, Opera 6, has an effective built-in pop-up killer (File > Preferences > Windows > Refuse pop-up windows) that will remove even this slight inconvenience.
You may also use the uncloaked URL for as long as it is available, but the moment the original BT account is terminated, should it be, we become invisible and shift like the wind. The site will jump behind the cloaked kickme.to URL to another location and http://kickme.to/156 will become one of our main addresses for the foreseeable future. By using this resource the site's actual location can be switched in a matter of seconds without it ever again being vulnerable to those who seek to suppress words they don't like.
In retrospect, I have come to welcome the spur the would-be censors provided for me to branch out into underground and subversive web techniques, since this is the natural environment of KAOS. It also encourages me to make available material I had not originally intended to make public precisely because I knew how easy it would be to close down the website; this is the irony, by their feeble attack they have made us much stronger and more determined. Note the following news story about kickme.to:
Kickme.to wins BSA court
search battle
By John Leyden
Posted: 18/02/2002 at 19:26 GMT
The Business Software Alliance (BSA) is vowing to fight on after the Swedish courts denied its request to obtain a civil raid permit on international redirect service, kickme.to. The Appellate Court in Skåne, Sweden, upheld Landskrona District Court's decision not to grant a civil raid permit (ex-parte) at the premises of Maximilian Andersen, kickme.to's administrator.
Andersen told us its service, which allows users to get free short domain names, is not responsible for any alleged copyright infringement on the part of its members, nor does it provide links or search tools to Warez sites. Content can't be uploaded onto kickme.to servers either, said Anderson, who states he has no control over what content users have on their homepage.
Andersen said: "What did the BSA expect to find with a search warrant? They're trying to carry out a fishing expedition. The suit against me is a high profile scare tactic, it's just harassment." [Read the full story here.]
Kickme.to also won the appeal, so it is now tried | [
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Health |
Coronavirus: Bay Area's two-day break without…
Coronavirus: Bay Area's two-day break without COVID-19 deaths ends
Deaths in San Mateo and Alameda counties end 48-hour respite
By Rick Hurd | [email protected] | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: May 19, 2020 at 10:59 a.m. | UPDATED: May 20, 2020 at 6:04 a.m.
The Bay Area's two-day respite from coronavirus-related deaths ended Tuesday with a considerable thud, when health officials added nine more deaths to the list in San Mateo County as well as additional ones in Alameda and Santa Clara counties.
That change from recent days came on the same day Alameda County went ahead of Santa Clara County for the most cases of COVID-19 in the Bay Area since the pandemic began. Alameda County's case list also grew by another 65 to a total of 2,522. That put them ahead of Santa Clara County (2,483) and atop Northern California. Santa Clara County added 13 new cases Tuesday.
Santa Clara County has recorded 137 deaths related to COVID-19, the most in Northern California. Alameda County has counted 89 fatalities.
The new statistics were reported Tuesday and were reflected through Monday night.
The deaths in San Mateo County were the first ones there since Friday and the most added in any one day there since the pandemic began. Alameda County added three to its list and Santa Clara two.
San Francisco and Contra Costa County health officials did not report any deaths Tuesday. San Francisco has not recorded more than two deaths in a single day since May 5 and has recorded 36 total. Contra Costa County, which has seen 33 deaths, hasn't reported a new one since May 1.
All of the deaths were the first fatalities reported anywhere in the Bay Area since May 16. The 48 hours without a reported death marked the Bay Area's longest stretch without one since the earliest days of the pandemic in March.
San Mateo County's 75 deaths through Monday night were the Bay Area's third-highest total. Three of every four victims have been over 80 years old, and only one person has been under 50, according to health officials. White residents have comprised 64% of the deaths.
The latest three deaths in Santa Clara County were the first recorded there since May 15, ending a three-day stretch without one that had been the county's longest since the outbreak.
All but 7% of the fatalities have been people over 50 years old, health officials said, and 63% have been over 70. Nearly 9 in 10 of the people who died already had at least one underlying health condition, officials said. Two of ever three people to die in Santa Clara County have been of Asian or Latin/Hispanic descent.
In Alameda County 72 of the people who have died were at least 51 years old. Twenty-six (30%) of the deaths have been recorded this month, and 12 (14%) in the past week. Health officials said 72 of the 86 fatalities have been people at least 51 years old.
In San Francisco, 22 of the victims (61%) have been over 81 years old; none of them have been under 41. All but two of the 36 had underlying conditions, and health officials said they are unsure about the other two. In Contra Costa County, every victim has been older than 50, and 20 have been older than 80.
Contra Costa County also saw a spike in confirmed cases in its Tuesday report, but Alameda County is where the recent numbers seem concerning.
Alameda County's additional 65 confirmed cases Tuesday were the same number as Monday's count, and gave the county 39 more cases during the pandemic than Santa Clara County. Alameda County is the only one in Northern California with more than 2,500 confirmed cases. Only Los Angeles (38,451 through Sunday), Riverside (5,952 through Sunday), San Diego (5,946 through Sunday) and Orange | [
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Progressive Vision of Christianity Applied Today
Archbishop Skelton's Pastoral Letter
Amos 8:1-12 // Col. 1: 15-28 // Luke 10: 38-42
As Progressive Christians we hold a belief that following the path and teachings of Jesus can lead to an awareness and experience of the Sacred and the Oneness and Unity of all life. This is a guiding first principle for progressive Christians. It has many implications for us as we see one God who is expressed as love in and for all people, not just a few and not those who we narrowly thought of as being loved by the Creator in the past. This same energy was expressed by the General Synod and by our Archbishop. She spoke to all Anglicans in the Diocese of New Westminster today in the following Pastoral Letter which I read on her behalf at All Saints:
Dear People of the Diocese of New Westminster,
Greetings to you all.
As many of you know, given my unexpected hospital stay, I was only able to participate in General Synod through watching the livestream. Even at that distance, the experience with all its decisions and statements was full of many different, powerful emotions: amazement, anguish, sadness, frustration, grief and gratitude, to name a few. We cannot expect to leave these emotions behind, especially those more difficult emotions related to the consideration of the change to the marriage canon.
For me this entire experience has been about discernment, that is, looking for the signs of the Holy Spirit at work, not just during all the ups and downs at General Synod 2019, but in the three years leading up to it, and seeking to join with that work in wonder, love and hope.
Now as a result of this discernment, I want to lay out what we as a Diocese under the guidance of the Holy Spirit will do related to the marriage of same-sex couples.
Three years ago at General Synod 2016, I issued the statement included above as part of a response to the many emotions that emerged at that time as General Synod 2016 voted on the first reading of the amendment to the marriage canon. As I came to find out later, I am one of many people in the Anglican Church of Canada who sincerely want to work on making room for differing views on and practices related to marriage in our Church.
For many of us this has had to with our belief in what it means to be Anglican Christians—a Church that from the beginning stretched to hold itself together despite differing perspectives on theological, spiritual, liturgical and pastoral matters, a Church that comprehends complexity and finds the tension in the midst of complexity ultimately to be a rich and creative way of living, a Church dedicated to holding differences together, even though this "holding together" comes at a cost to all involved.
Over the last three years, I've watched many important groups come to the idea of "making room" for differing views and practices related to marriage, all of which culminated in the following: our own May 2019 Diocesan Synod at which our Synod in its wisdom adopted the affirmations in the Council of General Synod's "A Word to the Church," the adoption of these same affirmations at General Synod 2019 by an overwhelming majority and, finally, the July 15th statement from the House of Bishops apologizing for the hurt they have caused and affirming the idea of "local option" for those dioceses and communities where offering marriage to same-sex couples makes sense.
As I look at these many interrelated conversations and actions what I see is this: the Holy Spirit has been and is at work guiding the Anglican Church of Canada to move from attempting to resolve our different views on marriage by legislation in which some win and some lose, to a life together in which we as Anglican Christians strive to offer one another greater mutual respect and room for choice on this issue.
After General Synod, 2016, we as a Diocese held off on authorizing liturgies for the marriage of same-sex couples in the belief that the Anglican Church of Canada needed more time for the Spirit to work within the hearts and minds of its people and within its many convening bodies. As I see it, that work, though it has been painful, is well underway, encouraging us to the following action:
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8874
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2257
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94 (2016) RF2-A Predictors of Place of Death in Children Who Died After Discharge from Paediatric Intensive Care Units in England and Wales. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 52 (6). e29-e29. ISSN 0885-3924
Fraser, LK, Fleming, S orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-4806 and Parslow, R orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-5294 (2018) Changing place of death in children who died after discharge from paediatric intensive care units: A national, data linkage study. Palliative Medicine, 32 (2). pp. 337-346. ISSN 0269-2163
Freitag, DF, Butterworth, AS, Willeit, P et al. (150 more authors) (2015) Cardiometabolic effects of genetic upregulation of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 3 (4). pp. 243-253. ISSN 2213-8587
Friend, A orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-5605, Rubagumya, F and Cartledge, P (2018) Global Health Journal Club: Is Honey Effective as a Treatment for Chemotherapy-induced Mucositis in Paediatric Oncology Patients? Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 64 (2). pp. 162-168. ISSN 0142-6338
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Friend, AJ orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-5605 and Debelle, GD (2018) Child malt | [
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Sustainable investment strategies / ESG Sustainable investment strategies / ESG
Media Release October 27, 2020
Deutsche Bank expands Asia Pacific ESG team with hire of Kalpana Seethepalli
Deutsche Bank has appointed Kalpana Seethepalli to its Asia Pacific ESG team. This hire follows the appointment of Kamran Khan as Head of ESG for Asia Pacific in May of this year. In a newly created role, Kalpana will lead the team's work on results frameworks, measurement, monitoring, and sustainable finance taxonomies for ESG transactions.
Kalpana joins Deutsche Bank from Infra-Tech Capital, an impact fund investing in companies utilizing technology to provide infrastructure services and achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), where she was Managing Director, Sustainability & Impact. Previously she worked at the World Bank Group where she focused on sustainable development and investment policy, blended finance, and Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). She is a global expert in design, measurement, and reporting frameworks to achieve positive ESG impact through commercially viable investments.
"It is abundantly clear that in Asia Pacific ESG impact is becoming increasingly central to business and investment decisions, and rightly so", said Deutsche Bank Asia Pacific CEO Alexander von zur Muehlen. "Client demand for proven ESG expertise from their banking partners is rapidly rising. At Deutsche Bank we are intensely focused on building out our ESG competence and embedding it throughout all of our businesses and service offerings as a key element of our growth strategy for the region."
Kamran Khan added: "Over the last months we have seen tremendous interest from clients in ESG-related engagements and increasing momentum in the development of our transaction pipeline. Kalpana's arrival adds best-in-class sustainability operational expertise to complement our strong coverage, structuring, and transaction services capabilities. This is a powerful combination of content and platform that will further accelerate our rise as a leader in the ESG market in Asia Pacific."
Deutsche Bank has had a longstanding commitment to sustainability. The bank has been a member of the UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative and signatory of its Declaration of Sustainable Development since 1992, achieved climate neutrality in operations since 2012, and has been a supporter of the Paris Climate Agreement since 2015. In 2019, the bank was a founding signatory of the UN Principles for Responsible Banking. In 2020, the bank tightened its Fossil Fuels Policy, pledging to end global business activities in coal mining by 2025. The bank has also committed that by 2025 its total volume of sustainable financing and investments will exceed EUR 200bn, and that its operations will be powered entirely by renewable energy sources.
This release contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts; they include statements about our beliefs and expectations and the assumptions underlying them. These statements are based on plans, estimates and projections as they are currently available to the management of Deutsche Bank. Forward-looking statements therefore speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any of them in light of new information or future events.
By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. A number of important factors could therefore cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Such factors include the conditions in the financial markets in Germany, in Europe, in the United States and elsewhere from which we derive a substantial portion of our revenues and in which we hold a substantial portion of our assets, the development of asset prices and market volatility, potential defaults of borrowers or trading counterparties, the implementation of our strategic initiatives, the reliability of our risk management policies, procedures and methods, and other risks referenced in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Such factors are described in detail in our SEC Form 20-F of 20 March 2020 under the heading "Risk Factors". Copies of this document are readily available upon request or can be downloaded from www.db.com/ir.
Further links on the topic
Sustainable products and investment strategies Deutsche Bank creates criteria for classifying ESG financing
How helpful was this | [
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Skip to content Open the main navigation Toggle menu
Agenda in focus
Shockwave: the impact of COVID-19
Beyond the Bottom Line
Social discount rates: inequality and the long term
Matthew Shepherd
AgendaAgenda in focusCorporate FinanceEnvironmental EconomicsMarket AnalysisModellingPolicy AnalysisTransport
The second article in this two-part series on Social Discount Rates (SDRs), as used in project and policy appraisal, discusses new evidence on how the rate at which the SDR declines could change, and how it could be adjusted to take inequality into account. Adjusting for inequality can reduce the discount rate even further than highlighted in our first article—to below 2%. The SDR could also decline more slowly than currently assumed. This would increase the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of almost all projects seeking approval for government funding
For an introduction to Social Discount Rates, see the first article in this series.
Social Discount Rates (SDRs) allow economists to place a present value on the future costs and benefits of projects that are intended to provide a societal benefit. Our first Agenda in focus article on this topic explained how the UK government calculates the SDR found in the Green Book,1 and why certain parameters of the SDR could change. The article showed that one reasonable approach could lead to a reduction in the SDR from the current rate of 3.5% to 2.45%.2
In this article, we move beyond a review of the existing parameters of the SDR to discuss the rate at which the SDR could decline over the long term, and whether it should be explicitly adjusted for social inequality. We then draw on the findings of the two articles to outline the implications for policymaking.
While we do not propose any particular SDR, we find that adjusting the SDR to account for social inequality could further reduce the SDR from 2.45% to 1.95%, and that the rate of decline could be materially different from that which is currently used. This would increase the net benefits associated with most projects and make it easier for them to pass cost−benefit analyses.
What is the rate at which the SDR should decline?
A declining SDR implies that the rate at which the net benefits of a project are discounted increases quicker in the short term than in the long term. Figure 1 in our first article showed that the Green Book uses a declining term structure.3 The specific shape of the term structure was presented in a 2002 report by Oxera and based on an academic paper by economists Newell and Pizer,4 who derived their estimates from the interest rates on US treasury bonds, and has not been changed since.
While the introduction of a declining SDR was a novel idea for government policy in the early part of the 21st century, it is now mainstream.5 The main reason economists give for a declining SDR is that the growth rate of consumption g, which is one of the parameters of the SDR, is both uncertain and 'persistent'. The box below provides a reminder of the parameters of the SDR.
Parameters of the SDR
Since 2003, the UK Treasury's Green Book has stipulated an SDR of 3.5% in real terms, based on a formula that represents the socially optimal discount rate, r:
r = δ + L + μg
Table 1 provides a reminder of what each of the parameters means.
Table 1 Elements of the SDR
Source: HM Treasury (2018), 'The Green Book'.
Uncertainty around g reflects random variation in the growth rate around some central estimate; for example, g might be 2% on average, but with some level of unknown deviation around it. Parameter g is persistent since the forces that cause g to change in a particular period are likely to cause it to change in the same direction in the next period.6
Persistent uncertainty in the growth rate generates a declining discount rate because shocks to g in a particular period are likely to be of the same sign as the shocks to g in a previous period. Such a process means that the range of possible future consumption growth rates is wider than under uncertainty alone.
This is shown, in simplified form, in Figure 1. The dark green lines show a confidence interval for g under uncertainty, while the light green lines show one for g under both uncertainty and persistence. The range of possible outcomes is wider under the latter than under the former. If society is risk | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.775116 | 1.282855 | 0.920938 | 1.685828 |
-averse, which is typically assumed to be the case, it will place greater weight on avoiding the bad outcome (very low growth) than on aiming for the good outcome (very high growth). Consequently, it will shift resources into the future as a precaution against the former. This precautionary motive is stronger further into the future, because there is a wider range of possible growth rates, which is why the SDR continues to decline in the future.
Figure 1 Range of growth rates of consumption under uncertainty, and under uncertainty plus persistence
Source: Oxera.
While economists agree with the underlying theory that the SDR should decline, there is disagreement about the rate at which this should happen. There are two approaches to estimating the SDR.7 The first is a 'structural' approach that first derives a theoretical formulation of the SDR,8 and then estimates the values of all the parameters in that SDR. The second 'direct' approach first derives an equation that links the SDR to a parameter that reflects persistent uncertainty, and then estimates this parameter from a historical series of interest rates observed in the real economy. The logic behind the second approach is that if (a) market interest rates are driven by similar factors to the SDR and (b) historic movements in market interest rates reflect the likely movement of market interest rates in the future, then persistence in market interest rates will also provide a good estimate of the persistence, and therefore the term structure, of the SDR.9
The structural approach may be considered more theoretically justifiable10 because it allows for separate estimation of different parameters, each having its own economic interpretation. However, if any of the assumptions underlying the structural model are wrong, then it will be inaccurate. In this case, it may be preferable to adopt the direct approach.
One example of the direct approach can be seen in a paper by Gollier et al. (2008), which estimates the term structure for several countries, including the UK. This term structure is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Estimates of the term structure of the SDR for different countries
Source: Gollier, C., Koundouri, P. and Pantelidis, T. (2008), 'Declining discount rates: Economic justifications and implications for long-run policy', Economic Policy, 23:56, pp. 758−95.
How could the SDR be adjusted to address inequality?
Intra-temporal inequality (i.e. inequality at a given point in time) does not naturally enter the standard SDR framework because distributional issues should be modelled explicitly by adjusting the costs and benefits in the cost–benefit analysis. Therefore, the SDR is not a tool that is used to assess the distributional impacts of individual policies.
However, intra-temporal inequality can be relevant in the SDR framework if different segments of society experience different growth rates of consumption. If future societies have more inequality than current societies, and are assumed to be averse to inequality, then SDRs will tend to be lower in order to create incentives to shift resources to the future to 'compensate' future societies for living with greater inequality. Conversely, if future societies are expected to have less inequality, then the SDR will tend to be higher because they will already be reaping the benefits of a more equal society. Clearly, if society does not care about inequality, then the SDR does not need to be adjusted to reflect it.
Incorporating concerns over trends in inequality can be done by adding a term to the SDR that reflects the difference in the growth rate of consumption for the median and mean person. This is because if g is increasing faster for the mean person than for the median person, inequality is increasing, so the SDR should be decreased (and vice versa). Adopting this sort of approach in the case of the UK could reduce the SDR by approximately 0.5%. Further details are provided in the box below.
Incorporating intra-temporal inequality
A simple approach to incorporating intra-temporal inequality was proposed in a paper by Emmerling et al. (2017), who suggested adding a term equal to μ2(gmed – gmean) to the SDR equation,11 resulting in an SDR of:12
r = δ + L + μgmean + μ2(gmed – gmean)
Here, the 'g' growth terms now carry subscripts indicating whether they refer to growth in | [
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median or mean income. If gmed is lower than gmean, then the rightmost term in the foregoing equation will become negative, reducing the SDR and implying that more resources should be shifted to the future. This reflects the intuition explained above, as if gmed is less than gmean, then in societies with positively skewed income distributions, it must be the case that wealthier segments of society are seeing faster consumption/income growth, so shifting resources to the future compensates for the fact that people are living in a more unequal society.
According to Emmerling et al., who look at UK data between 1979 and 2010, UK mean consumption growth has historically been approximately 0.22% higher than median consumption growth,13 which would result in a discount rate 0.22% lower if μ = 1 (as is currently the case), but 0.5% (0.495% 'exactly') lower if μ = 1.5, the value that the first article showed could be defensible.14
What are the implications for policymaking in the UK?
This section identifies the implications of the discussions in both of the Agenda in focus articles for the level and rate of decline of the SDR, as well as the implications for policymaking.
Implications for the SDR
While both of our articles on the SDR are far from a comprehensive assessment of whether and how the UK's SDR should change, it is worth considering the implications of continuing with what we called the 'alternative value' in the first article.
The issues discussed in this article suggest that two further alterations could be made. First, the SDR could be reduced in order to reflect concerns over trends in inequality—as discussed, this would reduce the SDR by a further 0.5%,15 taking it from the 2.45% estimated at the end of the previous article to 1.95%. A full comparison of the current approach taken by the Green Book and the alternative approach is given in the table below.
Table 2 Alternative SDRs for the UK
Note: See Table 1 for definitions of the parameters. r is calculated as δ + L + *gmean + *(gmed – gmean), with the last term assumed to equal 0.5% rather than 0.495%. The values for the parameters in the example alternative approach have all been discussed at various points in either the first or second article.
Second, the rate at which the term structure declines would be adjusted to reflect the term structure for the UK as shown in Figure 2 (as opposed to one based on US data, as is currently the case). Figure 3 shows that the net effect of this adjustment would be that the SDR would start much lower, then decline initially at a far slower pace, but then accelerate in the long term (after 250 years or so).
Figure 3 Term structure of the SDR under alternative indexations
It turns out that the term structure in Figure 3 results in net benefits in every year being discounted less than under the current term structure.
Implications for policymaking
The fact that all net benefits would be discounted less under this alternative approach could be highly material for policymaking. Because of this, it is important to note that the SDR presented here should not be interpreted as a concrete proposal; instead, it provides one plausible alternative. To flesh out the implications of a change in the SDR, we now discuss what the policy implications of the alternative approach would be.
Most projects have a large cash outflow at the start, followed by several years of either monetary or non-monetary benefits. This means that projects can typically be seen as having a negative net benefit to begin with, followed by comparatively smaller positive streams of net benefits in the future.
Projects that follow this profile of net benefits would be more likely to pass cost−benefit analyses under the alternative approach than the current approach, because their benefits would be much less discounted, while the discounting of their costs would not materially change (so long as the upfront costs are not spread over too many years).
This could be beneficial for three major aspects of UK government policy: climate change measures; the 'levelling up' agenda (aimed at supporting less developed cities and regions in the UK);16 and the COVID-19-related 'plan for jobs', which includes an acceleration of planned infrastructure expenditure.17 In each of these cases, there is a | [
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large number of project types that would benefit from the higher discount factor, such as environmental protection schemes in climate change, and infrastructure projects within the levelling up agenda and the plan for jobs. This is because these types of project typically have the cost−benefit structure outlined in the paragraph above.
However, projects that have net costs for several years, such as subsidies for early-stage R&D, and which only start yielding benefits after several years, could be negatively impacted, as the costs that they incur in the early years would be discounted less than under the current approach.18 Of course, their future benefits would also be less discounted, so it is unclear precisely what the net effect would be. Examples of these types in the above-mentioned policy areas include government subsidies for R&D into early-stage climate-related technologies (such as electrolysers for clean hydrogen), or long-term infrastructure projects (such as HS2) that require many years of upfront investment and potentially a long delay before the benefits are realised. The precise effects on these project types would depend on whether the discount factor increased more for the period when the benefits come online, or the period when large cost outlays occur. Despite this possibility, it is likely that many projects would benefit from the alternative approach.
These two articles on SDRs have shown that significant new research has been undertaken since 2003, the last time that the Green Book's SDR was updated. This research raises questions over whether the existing parameters are estimated correctly and whether new parameters (such as those reflecting changes in intra-temporal inequality) should be added.
The implications of these debates are material, as we have shown that they could lead to an SDR of 1.95%, over 1.5% lower than the current rate of 3.5%, and which declines considerably slower than is currently the case. Under such an alternative (and we note that this is not the only alternative), more projects would likely pass cost−benefit analyses. Whatever the correct approach to the SDR is, we hope that these articles will stimulate debate on a topic that has perhaps been underappreciated in the UK, but which could have a major impact on cost−benefit analysis.
Mateusz Slomka
1 The Green Book is a manual written by Her Majesty's Treasury that explains how applicants for government funding should present their business cases. Within it, there is a specification of the Social Discount Rate, which is used for cost–benefit analysis.
2 Oxera (2020), 'A formula for success: reviewing the social discount rate', September.
4 Oxera (2002), 'A social time preference rate for use in long-term discounting', December; Newell, R. G. and Pizer, W. A. (2001), 'Discounting the Distant Future: How Much Do Uncertain Rates Increase Valuations?', Resources For the Future Discussion Paper, May.
5 Freeman, M., Groom, B. and Spackman, M. (2018), 'Social Discount Rates for Cost−Benefit Analysis: A Report for HM Treasury', March, p. 14.
6 In statistical terms, one can say that the shocks to g follow an autoregressive process.
7 Gollier, C., Koundouri, P. and Pantelidis, T. (2008), 'Declining discount rates: Economic justifications and implications for long-run policy', Economic Policy, 23:56, pp. 758−95.
8 Note that this theoretical formulation will not be the same as equation (1) because that formulation did not include a term that was a function of time, meaning that equation (1) by definition cannot allow for a declining term structure.
9 See, for example, Newell, R. G. and Pizer, W. A. (2001), 'Discounting the Distant Future: How Much Do Uncertain Rates Increase Valuations?', Resources For the Future Discussion Paper, May, p. 4.
10 See, for example, Gollier, C., Koundouri, P. and Pantelidis, T. (2008), 'Declining discount rates: Economic justifications and implications for long-run policy', Economic Policy, 23:56, pp. 758 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.287403 | 1.433398 | 1.080535 | 1.35696 |
import { isArray, isMatrix, isDenseMatrix, isSparseMatrix } from '../../../../utils/is.js'
import { arraySize } from '../../../../utils/array.js'
import { format } from '../../../../utils/string.js'
export function createSolveValidation ({ DenseMatrix }) {
/**
* Validates matrix and column vector b for backward/forward substitution algorithms.
*
* @param {Matrix} m An N x N matrix
* @param {Array | Matrix} b A column vector
* @param {Boolean} copy Return a copy of vector b
*
* @return {DenseMatrix} Dense column vector b
*/
return function solveValidation (m, b, copy) {
const mSize = m.size()
if (mSize.length !== 2) {
throw new RangeError('Matrix must be two dimensional (size: ' + format(mSize) + ')')
}
const rows = mSize[0]
const columns = mSize[1]
if (rows !== columns) {
throw new RangeError('Matrix must be square (size: ' + format(mSize) + ')')
}
let data = []
if (isMatrix(b)) {
const bSize = b.size()
const bdata = b._data
// 1-dim vector
if (bSize.length === 1) {
if (bSize[0] !== rows) {
throw new RangeError('Dimension mismatch. Matrix columns must match vector length.')
}
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
data[i] = [bdata[i]]
}
return new DenseMatrix({
data: data,
size: [rows, 1],
datatype: b._datatype
})
}
// 2-dim column
if (bSize.length === 2) {
if (bSize[0] !== rows || bSize[1] !== 1) {
throw new RangeError('Dimension mismatch. Matrix columns must match vector length.')
}
if (isDenseMatrix(b)) {
if (copy) {
data = []
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
data[i] = [bdata[i][0]]
}
return new DenseMatrix({
data: data,
size: [rows, 1],
datatype: b._datatype
})
}
return b
}
if (isSparseMatrix(b)) {
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) { data[i] = [0] }
const values = b._values
const index = b._index
const ptr = b._ptr
for (let k1 = ptr[1], k = ptr[0]; k < k1; k++) {
const i = index[k]
data[i][0] = values[k]
}
return new DenseMatrix({
data: data,
size: [rows, 1],
datatype: b._datatype
})
}
}
throw new RangeError('Dimension mismatch. The right side has to be either 1- or 2-dimensional vector.')
}
if (isArray(b)) {
const bsize = arraySize(b)
if (bsize.length === 1) {
if (bsize[0] !== rows) {
throw new RangeError('Dimension mismatch. Matrix columns must match vector length.')
}
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
data[i] = [b[i]]
}
return new DenseMatrix({
data: data,
size: [rows, 1]
})
}
if (bsize.length === 2) {
if (bsize[0] !== rows || bsize[1] !== 1) {
throw new RangeError('Dimension mismatch. Matrix columns must match vector length.')
}
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Suzanne Neufang named Executive Director of GBTA
Category: Appointments
Published: Friday, 19 February 2021 15:15
New leader brings years of optimal experience to helm the unified GBTA and ACTE, and lead business travel out of the pandemic and into the future
The Global Business Travel Association (GBTA), the worldwide leader in education, research, networking, and advocacy for the business travel industry, proudly announces the hiring of Suzanne Neufang as its next Executive Director, leading the combined GBTA and the Association of Corporate Travel Executives (ACTE).
Neufang was hired after a comprehensive and exhaustive review of over 130 candidates from around the world. The months-long process was led by an independent search committee of industry leaders and staff. The search was coordinated by leading association consulting firm MCI-USA, which served as a third-party hub to screen applicants and facilitate the extensive interview process.
"The independent search committee has provided GBTA with an exceptional leader for the future of our Association and industry. Suzanne is unquestionably the visionary to lead business travel to a complete recovery in the years ahead," said Bhart Sarin, President of GBTA, "It will be a distinct privilege to support her as we complete our integration of GBTA and ACTE and build on the momentum of the Ready. Safe. Travel. campaign toward our annual convention in July."
Neufang, whose diverse executive career has included senior leadership roles with several high-profile travel and technology companies, most recently served as Senior Vice President-Americas for HRS Global Hotel Solutions. Before HRS, Neufang worked for 10 years as an executive leader with Sabre Travel Network, GetThere and Travelocity and later as a divisional Chief Marketing Officer for Fortune 500 software giant Intuit. An active member of GBTA since 2005, Neufang led ACTE as Board President from 2012 to 2014 and as a Board Member from 2014 to 2018. She served as ACTE's interim Executive Director during summer 2012.
Neufang described the opportunity to lead GBTA as a "pinnacle career opportunity" and an important way to give back to an industry she loves, and which has offered her many opportunities. "It's not a secret that business travel is at an historic low point as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but in crises we find opportunities to be bold and to excel," said Neufang. "Business travel has been down before and we have recovered – always coming back more technologically savvy, data-focused, and globally connected. The key questions for me are when we as an industry will recover, and how we as GBTA can drive economic and industry recovery to be even faster.
"We need to emerge from this pandemic as a healthier, more transparent association, one with the strongest possible, globally-focused foundation. As an organization, I believe we can work together to provide more value, better education and research, and even more effective advocacy for our members and sponsors. I'm very much looking forward to working with the professional staff at GBTA – and the Board, members, sponsors, and regional partners – who have had a long track record of growth and success serving the business travel community."
Neufang will take over on February 24 from Dave Hilfman, who since July 2020 has served as the Association's interim executive director. Hilfman will remain with GBTA in a temporary consulting role to smooth the transition.
"It's been a privilege serving the business travel industry in this interim role over the past eight months and I'm grateful for the opportunity," said Hilfman, who retired from United Airlines as Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales in 2018. "To be entrusted to lead the largest business travel association in the world at a truly consequential moment in our history is a true honor. I'm proud of the work we've done together and the significant progress made to date. My sincere thanks to the Staff, Board and members of GBTA for all their support. Stepping aside for Suzanne is easy, because she understands business travel from the buyer and supplier perspectives like few people I've ever met."
The Convention Centre Dublin appoints ne... The Convention Centre Dublin (The CCD) is pleased to announce the appointmen...
Jeanette Stanton appointed Events Projec | [
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I've always had a keen interest in health and nutrition and this interest grew when I trained to become a Holistic Therapist. Nutrition was certainly covered in part on these courses but my interest for this subject has never really waned, so I recently decided to enroll onto a Nutrition diploma course and will begin this exciting new journey from October. It will give me the opportunity to really learn in depth how what we eat affects our health both in body and mind.
When I gave birth to my eldest daughter, I never anticipated that I would suffer with PND. I was very against taking anti-depressants and in the end a large part of my recovery came when I looked very closely at my diet and competed a 12 week alkaline course (with Energise for Life) followed by a 7 day juice detox (with Jason Vale Juice Master). If you're interested you can read my journey here. I also wrote about my most recent Jason Vale Juice Detox too which you can read here.
This was when I was first introduced to super or power foods. I'd never really come across them before and this new world of how to get nutrient dense foods into my body was fascinating. I fell in love with juices and smoothies of the green variety and my body actually began to crave them after several months. They tended to include wheatgrass, spirulina, and maca amongst others. So when the opportunity to try out some great power foods from Naturya became available whilst I was looking for brands to stock in my Online Retail Shop, I jumped at the chance.
Naturya was founded in 2009 and evolved quickly as a result of two close friends who came together, pooled their skills and qualities to develop an honest, dynamic and professionally run company that is both ethical and respectful to the environment and mindful of their carbon footprint. Their range of power foods include 10 products; Chia Seeds, Wheatgrass Powder, Spirulina Powder, Hemp Protein Powder, Lucuma Powder, Maca Powder, Acai Powder, Barleygrass powder, Chlorella Powder, and Cocoa Nibs. All their products are high quality at fair prices and they also have Soil Association accreditation. They donate a portion of their profits to third world charitable organisations that focus on providing nourishment for those who are less fortunate that us.
Kate from Naturya kindly sent me a pack of Chia Seeds, Wheatgrass and Spirulina powders to try out and my first impression was how big the bags were. I was expecting small pouch bags but they are a good size reinforcing their value for money. The bags are re-sealable and stand up nicely in the cupboard.
When I first started juicing and having green smoothies I used a range of different brands of wheatgrass and spirulina and it's fair to say that not all brands are made equal. Naturya pride themselves on the purity of their power foods and both the spirulina and wheatgrass taste lovely (the wheatgrass having a subtle sweetness to it) and are not in any way gritty as I've experienced with other some brands.
Naturya's Chia Seeds are cultivated on the sierras of South America where they have been grown for thousands of years and once formed an integral part of the Aztec and Mayan diets. Chia seeds are rich in omega-3 fatty acids which help to protect the body against heart disease and improve the body's cholesterol levels. Chia Seeds are high in fibre, antioxidants, calcium and protein. They are also a good source of vitamins and minerals; vitamin A, B3, iron and magnesium.
If you Google the internet you will find a whole range of recipes using Chia seeds from Chia gel to their use in porridge and smoothies. They can also be used in bread products like loaves, tortillas and dough balls. Naturya's website has a "Recipes" page where you can experiment using all the power foods they produce.
Spirulina is an ancient blue-green algae and Naturya's is sustainably cultivated in outdoor ponds. It is rich in a natural form of protein, vitamins and minerals including B2, vitamin E and high levels of iron.
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.000632 | -0.796734 | -0.01647 | 0.815593 |
Haswell Studio
Haswellstudio
Russell Haswell
Haswell & Hecker: Revision (Mego)
single-sided 12″ Vinyl, in clear sleeve + large sticker! Edition: 500!
Haswell & Hecker: Orange-Time-Shock-Format-Wave-Re-Composition (Remix for VOICE CRACK)
http://www.mego.at/mego069.html
http://www.warprecords.com/?mart=MEGO069
"John Mayer could remix Voice Crack, and the results would still go down like broken glass, but when noise-mongers Russell Haswell and Florian Hecker man the boards, things're bound to be jagged. Originally released as a track from a Voice Crack remix album, this single-sided 12" restores the decibels mysteriously removed from the original release. The change must've made quite a difference, because Revision is fucking intense. High-end digital squalls, insect stampedes, and lightning strikes fill in the loud of the abrupt silent/loud dynamics at work here. And while noise is (in a sense) always noise, Revision maintains a sterile, high-minded quality that separates it from the bloody gums attack of Merzbow and Hair Police, and it even approaches delicacy at times. I was scared anyway. Those accustomed to this sort of shredding might find Revision tame, but it packs enough horror movie turns to turn away the faint of heart. I can't tell you if this release is good per se, or if it stays true to the source material, or really any such relevant information, but at least I wasn't bored." [Bryan Berge] http://www.stylusmagazine.com
Earth: Legacy of Dissolution (No Quater)
Compact Disc, 2x 12″ Vinyl.
Remix Compilation inc: Autechre, Mogwai, Sunn0))).
Russell Haswell: Tibetan Quaaludes [Waveset Sloth Mix]
http://www.thronesanddominions.com/music.php
Select Month April 2016 March 2015 February 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 January 2014 November 2013 October 2013 August 2013 July 2013 May 2013 April 2013 December 2012 November 2012 September 2012 August 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 October 2011 September 2011 July 2011 June 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 October 2006 September 2006 July 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 December 2 | [
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The Clockmaker
Stephen Massicotte
Playwrights Canada Press
Toronto • Canada
My life goes on like clockwork and I am fixed upon the spot where I shall end it.
—Charles Darwin
Blessed are the forgetful: for they get the better even of their blunders.
—Friedrich Nietzsche
We are sinful not merely because we have eaten of the tree of knowledge, but also because we have not eaten of the tree of life.
—Franz Kafka
## CONTENTS
Also By
Epigraph
Foreword
Cast and Crew
Playwright's Note
scene I there
scene II here
scene III there
scene IV here
scene V there
scene VI here
scene VII there
scene VIII here
scene IX there
scene X here
scene XI there
scene XII here
scene XIII here
epilogue - eternity
Thanks and Acknowledgements
About the Author
Copyright
Foreword
The two jokes ascribed to Heinrich's father in The Clockmaker belonged to my stepdad. A seemingly simple man, I didn't think much of him while growing up. Maybe it was just me being a little shit or maybe it's the universal law of stepdads. After his passing several years ago, I gave our relationship a lot of thought, which eventually led to the writing of this play.
My stepdad had an excellent work ethic—both at his job and at home—always improving and maintaining our house, yard, car, camper, and fishing boat. He only read National Geographic (from cover to cover), curling it up and bringing it to the paper mill in his lunch box. He had an appreciation for Hockey Night in Canada, Bond movies (the Sean Connery ones), and M*A*S*H reruns. His real passions were camping, fishing, and his family. He died fishing (we buried his ashes in his tackle box), and when I went through his nightstand I found all (and I mean all) of the Christmas, birthday, and Father's Day cards we'd ever given him.
Most admirable, to me, was his sense of morality and fairness. I never once witnessed him favouring his natural-born children over his children by marriage. And when he caught us doing the same stupid things that everyone else was doing, he informed us that "Just because everyone is doing it, doesn't make it right." He had no religious views and I never heard him mention God or the supernatural, and it made me realize that morality had an entirely different source than religion leads us to believe. To him, work, family, and fishing were quite enough—no flashy speeches (as I am guilty of), he just tried his best to live fully. My belief in organized religion ended when I discovered that my Roman Catholic mother couldn't receive Holy Communion because she was divorced, but not until my stepdad died did I finally do away with God. I don't miss him one bit, but I do, very much, miss my old man.
My stepdad had one other joke, not included in The Clockmaker. On a wintry spring day, over breakfast, he'd look out the window and say, "Hey, there's a robin on the fence post." We'd look—no robin. "April Fool's," he'd say. I don't know why we looked, since his April Fool's joke never changed. Maybe attribute this to childhood gullibility. Maybe to the fun of playing along. Or, maybe, to our knowledge that—due to the actual existence of robins (unlike, say, gods, angels, demons, etc.)—sometimes, when someone points and we look at the fence post, there really is one there.
Sometimes a pretty bird, most times not, but always a shame to miss for not looking. As far as I can tell, that's life.
Stephen Massicotte
January 13, 2009
Cast and Crew
The Clockmaker was first produced at playRites '09, Alberta Theatre Projects' annual festival of new Canadian plays, in Calgary in February and March 2009, with the following company:
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] | 1,024 | Book | 1.351133 | -0.923379 | -0.504226 | -0.083735 |
ERRE \- Tyrell Crews
Heinrich MANN \- Christian Goutsis
ADOLPHUS \- David Keeley
FRIEDA \- Esther Purves-Smith
Directed by Bob White
Set Design by Scott Reid
Costume Design by Jenifer Darbellay
Lighting Design by David Fraser
Music Composed by Kevin McGugan
Sound Design by Kevin McGugan
Fight Direction by Haysam Kadri
Production Dramaturgy by Vicki Stroich
Assistant Direction by Jamie Dunsdon
Production Stage Management by Dianne Goodman
Stage Management by Marcie Januska
Assistant Stage Management by Heather Rycraft
Characters
Monsieur PIERRE
Heinrich MANN
ADOLPHUS
FRIEDA
Playwright's Note
The symbol "..." indicates a trailing off of the speaker's thought.
The symbol "—" indicates the next speaker cutting off the present speaker's dialogue.
The symbol "//" indicates an overlapping of speech with the next character's line of dialogue.
The symbol "=" indicates the character speaking at the same time as the previous character.
scene I there
A wooden table serves as a desk, with wooden chairs to the left and right of it. A single light source hangs above the table. In the darkness, a metal door opens and closes, then the clicking footsteps of two men are heard. The footsteps seem to walk a good distance before entering the pool of light around the table. When they enter, they do so from a direction that favours neither of the chairs. They are both suited men; one carries a hat and coat. The one with the hat and coat, the smaller of the two, is Herr MANN. The other is Monsieur PIERRE.
PIERRE Take a seat. I'll get your file.
MANN A seat? Thank you.
Monsieur PIERRE moves off into the dark, leaving Herr MANN to decide which of the chairs is PIERRE's and which is his.
PIERRE (off) I trust your journey was uneventful?
MANN Uneventful, yes. Which...? Where would you like me to... sit?
MANN ascertains the direction from which Monsieur PIERRE's voice travelled and chooses to seat himself in the chair on the opposite side.
I slept the whole way. I've always been like that, since I was a young boy. Any journey longer than a quarter of an hour puts me directly to sleep. I believe it has something to do with the rhythm of the movement within the inner ear, the vestibular apparatus. Soothing. I wasn't too healthy a boy and didn't sleep well. So, often my father would take me for a ride in the trolley. I'd nod right off. Then, he'd gently carry me inside and put me to bed. It's stayed with me to this day. I cannot stay awake in moving vehicles—
Monsieur PIERRE re-enters the lighted area from a different direction from where he had exited. He is now behind the chair in which MANN is sitting.
PIERRE I believe it has something to do with the inner ear.
MANN Trolleys, ships, trains... really? Yes, the rhythm of the movement. Oh, excuse me.
MANN stands quickly to proffer Monsieur PIERRE what evidently was PIERRE's chair. Monsieur PIERRE sits and places a thin file folder on the table in front of him. MANN hesitates to sit in the other chair.
PIERRE Herr Mann, you understand that giving false statements...
Monsieur PIERRE looks up at MANN and sees that he's not sitting. MANN sits quickly. To his mortification, he discovers that one of his chair's legs is a quarter of an inch shorter than the others. MANN shifts his weight on the chair, trying to ascertain whether the chair sits "like this" or "like that," and every time he does so, a knock resounds.
Are you comfortable?
MANN I'm not uncomfortable.
PIERRE Why should you be uncomfortable?
MANN I am quite comfortable.
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.470805 | -0.793925 | -1.284727 | -0.553794 |
PIERRE Are you quite positive of that?
Knock. Pause.
MANN Yes.
PIERRE Herr Mann, you do understand that giving false statements is a serious transgression of regulations—
MANN I am not the most comfortable I have ever been.
PIERRE And would seriously call your case into review?
MANN I understand perfectly. I was being honest about the chair. It's no armchair, is it? But it is quite well-suited for what it's for—sitting.
PIERRE Would you like me to get you another chair?
MANN This is a very good chair. Very well-made, it seems. Sturdy.
Pause. Knock.
PIERRE Here is a form. It is required that you fill it out before we proceed.
Monsieur PIERRE places an eighth of a sheet of paper in front of MANN. On top of that he places a small pencil with no eraser. MANN takes up the pencil and reads the paper. He looks at the sheet, puzzled; turns it over, finds nothing on the back, and turns it over again. He mouths three words, then begins carefully writing his answer. In a few moments he's finished.
MANN Finished.
PIERRE Finished? My pencil.
MANN Yes, thank you. Your pencil. Wouldn't want to steal your pencil.
PIERRE Are you the kind of man that would steal a man's pencil?
MANN No, no, I'd never steal a pencil.
PIERRE It's only a pencil.
MANN It's the principle.
PIERRE It is indeed the principle. But it's only a pencil. Would you like the pencil?
MANN The pencil?
PIERRE My pencil?
MANN Your pencil, no.
PIERRE How about a pencil?
MANN Especially not a pencil. Thank you, though.
PIERRE You don't want a chair, nor do you want a pencil. What is it that you do want? Do you want to be left alone? To stroll and look in the shop windows?
MANN Yes—not really.
PIERRE To stand near the steps and smoke a quiet cigarette?
MANN I have asthma.
PIERRE I bet you'd just like to sit in the park and feed the pigeons? Doesn't that sound nice?
MANN I'm not exactly comfortable with birds.
Monsieur PIERRE examines the paper.
PIERRE I see.
MANN You see. Good.
PIERRE Is it... good?
MANN Shouldn't it be? I answered as truthfully as possible.
MANN scratches his chin momentarily.
PIERRE I see. I see.
MANN Oh, the scratch? That was just me scratching my face. There was nothing in it.
PIERRE Did you have something specific in mind that should be in it?
MANN Just an itch indicating possibly nervousness, if anything, but, other than that, possibly just one of the body's many tiny hairs, adjusting itself within its follicle. Or whatever else causes itches to itch.
PIERRE This is the truth?
MANN I really have no idea what causes itches to itch.
PIERRE This.
MANN It's a simple form. More a chit than a form.
PIERRE Is it a simple chit? Is that what this is?
MANN "Who are you?"
PIERRE Who am I?
MANN Not you. You're Pierre.
PIERRE Monsieur Pierre.
MANN Monsieur Pierre. Most certainly. No. The ch... form. "Who are you?" The question on the form. "Who are you?"
PIERRE And you wrote?
MANN Uh... Heinrich Mann, clockmaker, twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse—
PIERRE Clockmaker. Are you quite certain of that?
MANN Positive. I noticed the great clock on the tower as I came in.
MANN points up.
PIER | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.39201 | -1.00514 | -1.688202 | -0.814833 |
RE You noticed it, did you?
PIERRE points up.
MANN A clockmaker notices such things.
From far off, the sound of a typewriter is heard, typing. MANN looks off into the dark but cannot see a typist.
PIERRE Herr Mann, I must inform you: you are speaking now on the record. Before you came here you were a...?
MANN A clockmaker.
MANN waits for the typist, but nothing occurs.
PIERRE What kind of clockmaker?
MANN Oh, all kinds. Cuckoos, pocket watches, large clockworks for town halls, courts of law, etc.
There is typing—less than the sentence MANN has just spoken.
PIERRE Etc.
Quick typing of three letters. Then, a hard-struck period.
MANN Mostly minor repairs. Oftentimes, all I do to repair a watch is wind it.
PIERRE Do you charge for that?
MANN Trade secret. Otherwise people would just wind their watches themselves.
PIERRE Ha. And this address is correct?
MANN Twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse—
PIERRE Is it correct?
MANN That's where I live.
PIERRE Where you used to live.
Typing, even though MANN hasn't said anything.
Herr Mann.
MANN Monsieur Pierre.
PIERRE Have you been involved in a crime that I should be aware of?
MANN What sort of crime?
PIERRE Arson, theft, murder?
MANN Which?
PIERRE Murder.
MANN Positively not that. Or any of the others.
Typing. Silence. Monsieur PIERRE continues to scrutinize MANN.
Have I done something wrong?
PIERRE I don't know, have you?
MANN I'm answering your questions as truthfully as possible.
PIERRE As possible, I see. Is there anything else you'd like to tell me? Anything else you can recall?
MANN Like what?
PIERRE Something else I should know about you?
MANN I can't think of anything.
PIERRE You can't, or you won't?
MANN I can't.
PIERRE Interesting.
Typing. There is a silence between them. Then, Monsieur PIERRE takes up the small pencil and writes something on MANN's form.
MANN May I ask what it is that you are writing?
PIERRE You may.
MANN What is it that you are writing?
PIERRE I'm not authorized to tell you that.
MANN Oh.
PIERRE Simply the date. Of your arrival.
MANN Ha.
Monsieur PIERRE finishes and places the small form into the thin file.
PIERRE Herr Mann, will you come and see me tomorrow?
MANN Should I?
PIERRE I'd like it if you would come and see me tomorrow.
MANN Why?
PIERRE Oh, I'd like to hear how you're getting on. And if there is anything else you remember, that comes to mind, that you think I might like to know, I'd like to speak to you about it.
MANN Is there something wrong?
PIERRE That's what we are trying to find out.
MANN We?
PIERRE You and I.
MANN What if something turns out to be wrong? Not that there will be, but what if something turns out to be wrong?
PIERRE Well, we'll just have to make up for it, won't we?
MANN We. You and I?
PIERRE We. You. That's the way it works.
MANN Seems only fair.
PIERRE does not reply. The interview is over.
Oh yes.... I'll leave you to your... business.... Which way do I... how do I... the door?
Monsieur PIERRE indicates a direction to go.
PIERRE Thank you for your time, Herr Mann.
MANN Thank you... thank you for the chair and the use of the pencil. | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.416464 | -0.772187 | -1.126923 | -0.787638 |
MANN exits.
scene II here
The sound of rain is coming from outside. A door chime rings. MANN looks up from his work over a pocket watch to see FRIEDA standing in the shop doorway. MANN is wearing an elaborate pair of glasses that make one of his eyes look extremely small and the other eye grotesquely large. FRIEDA has been sheltering a bag with a loaf of bread inside her sweater, which is wet from the rain. She has a pillowcase with something inside that clinks when it shifts. MANN looks at FRIEDA in his shop's doorway as if frozen, stricken by her. FRIEDA proceeds to remove the bag of bread from the shelter of her sweater, and then removes her sweater to allow it to dry.
FRIEDA Quite the downpour. Quite the downpour. Quite the downpour.
MANN Oh, it's raining? Yes, it is raining. Hm.
FRIEDA You are open for business?
MANN Business, yes. That's what this is. A business.
FRIEDA There is a clock hanging above the door.
MANN Indeed, I believe there is.
FRIEDA "Mann's Clocks."
MANN Yes. "Mann's Clocks." The Clocks of Mann. Time belongs to the people, but Mann helps them keep it.
FRIEDA You make clocks then... repair them?
MANN Well, "We can't make time, that's up to you...." It was a joke. One of my father's jokes, really. I've inherited them, like this shop.
FRIEDA And your name.
MANN Oh, yes, "Mann's Clocks." Heinrich Mann. Fraulein?
He offers his hand.
FRIEDA Frau Mannheim. Frieda Mannheim.
MANN Frau Mannheim.
FRIEDA Your father was a humorous man? You said, "We can't make time, that's up to you..." was one of your father's jokes?
MANN He only had the two.
FRIEDA What was the other?
MANN For years my father would come home and inquire whether so and so had called... whether Gerhardt had called on him. And I would rack my brain wondering who Gerhardt was. When I finally asked him, he replied, "Why, the mayor, of course."
FRIEDA Did your father know the mayor?
MANN Not at all. That was the humour of it. Or what he thought the humour of it was. There was only one variation to it. Every four years or so he would come home and instead of asking whether Gerhardt had called, he inquired whether someone else had called. Wilhelm, for instance. Of course, I asked who Wilhelm was. Whereupon my father reminded me of the recent civil elections in which Wilhelm upset Gerhardt by fifteen votes.
FRIEDA So this is your shop?
MANN It's mine now. As successful as my father's sense of humour.
FRIEDA Perhaps it has the same sense of devotion and diligence.
MANN I meant that every four years something new happens.
FRIEDA So you do indeed make and repair clocks?
MANN Well, I have made clocks, I don't so much anymore, but I do still repair them. There's not much call for new clocks nowadays. The people have mostly resigned themselves to making the best with the time they have.
FRIEDA That was a joke?
MANN One of my own.
FRIEDA It was funny.
MANN So you've some business for me?
FRIEDA A clock that needs repairing.
MANN Do you have the clock in question?
FRIEDA I do.
MANN What seems to be the problem?
FRIEDA It no longer tells the time.
MANN Ah, one of those.
FRIEDA is reluctant to show MANN the clock.
May I see?
FRIEDA withdraws the clock from the pillowcase. It is a cuckoo clock, or was a cuckoo clock at one time. Now | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.597148 | -0.904561 | -1.015743 | -0.612137 |
, it is a mass of chains, sprung springs, and wheels, indeed, its roof is off and much of its frame is loose or splintered. She withdraws the clock in handfuls.
I see.
Whatever levity there happened to be between their awkward banter is now gone, as FRIEDA becomes withdrawn.
FRIEDA It fell. Twice. It fell. My husband, Adolphus, he.... It fell and I tried to hang it back up on the wall, but the hook had been damaged and my husband, he... and it fell again.
MANN How did it manage to fall the first time?
FRIEDA One moment the clock was on the wall, ticking away and everything was fine. And the next moment... my husband, he... there was a loud crash, as the clock—
MANN Fell. Your husband, he—
FRIEDA I knocked into the clock and it fell. Do you think it can be repaired?
MANN This clock is all but obliterated. It would be less work to build a new clock. It would be less work to build a dozen new clocks.
FRIEDA wilts.
FRIEDA I see. Thank you. Are you absolutely certain? No, of course you are.
MANN Are you all right, Frau—
FRIEDA If you could at all repair the clock, please, I have the money.
MANN It's not a matter of money.
FRIEDA It's a matter of...
MANN Life and death?
FRIEDA looks down at her feet.
It couldn't possibly be a matter of life and death.... It's just a clock.
FRIEDA can't answer. Suddenly, she collects up the clock pieces.
FRIEDA If you can't repair the clock, then I shall take my business elsewhere. I haven't the time to discuss it. It's a wonder you stay in business at all. If you can't even... repair a... how can you even call yourself a clockmaker if it's all a lie? Disgraceful.
She grabs her clock and exits, leaving her wet sweater and her bag of bread.
MANN Wait. Please come back. Please.
MANN goes over and picks up the sweater and the bag of bread. He considers chasing after FRIEDA to return them, but his nerve fails him. Then he catches the scent of the sweater and the bread in his arms. He takes in the smell as he returns to his work.
scene III there
A downfall of rain sounds and MANN runs along, hopping from dry spot to dry spot. He sees the shelter of a tree and makes for it. He realizes he is not alone under the tree. There is a woman with a small paper bag inside her sweater taking shelter there. Her face is turned up towards the water dripping through the tree. Her eyes are closed and she's taking in the air in deep drafts. MANN feels like he is intruding, but he can't take his eyes off her. The woman sighs. MANN jumps at the sigh as if it were an invitation to converse.
MANN I beg your pardon?
FRIEDA I didn't say anything.
MANN Oh, I beg your pardon. I thought you said... but you did not.... Quite the downpour. Quite the downpour. Quite the downpour.
FRIEDA I like it. Hiding from it. And the smell of it. Smell.
MANN sniffs.
That was just a sniff. Don't sniff. Smell. Breathe.
MANN Oh, yes, breathe.
FRIEDA Deeper.
MANN Deeper.
FRIEDA What does that smell like?
MANN It smells like...
FRIEDA Like what?
FRIEDA is breathing again with her eyes closed.
MANN Perhaps it smells different with one's eyes closed.
FRIEDA Close your eyes, then.
MANN It's not necessary.
FRIEDA Suit yourself.
MANN closes his eyes and breathes.
Now, what do you smell?
He concentrates | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.652848 | -0.706 | -1.377974 | -0.698227 |
.
MANN I'm afraid my sense of smell might not be //
FRIEDA Don't open your eyes. Smell again. Breathe.
MANN // the strongest of my senses. Although it is better than my hearing. I think it might have something to do with my //
FRIEDA Don't talk. Eyes closed. Breathe.
MANN // inner ear.
He closes his eyes and breathes.
I tell you, it makes no difference whether I breathe with my eyes open or closed. There is...
FRIEDA Bread. And...
MANN Rain.
FRIEDA And what does that smell like to you?
MANN softens. He smells something else.
MANN It smells like you. Bread. Rain. And you. Not you, but the bread and rain is you. That is your scent. That is you. In your sweater and hair. I breathe you.
They open their eyes and look at each other.
Have we met before?
FRIEDA I don't think so.
MANN smells again with his eyes closed, closer to FRIEDA. She steps back away from him.
MANN I am positive I've smelled you before... I mean, I know you. Don't I?
FRIEDA You must be mistaken. I've never seen you before in my life.
MANN takes off his hat and adjusts his hair.
MANN Look closer, please. See? This is me. You know me, don't you? I know you. I'm sure of it.
FRIEDA (pause) You're mistaken, sir.
MANN Are you certain?
FRIEDA (pause) I'm most certain.
MANN Then, I do apologize. The smell. It was so familiar. More familiar, even, than looking at you just now.
Christian Goutsis and Esther Purves-Smith
photo by Trudie Lee
FRIEDA A trick of memory, sir, and your nasal passages.
MANN Yes, of course, I do apologize—
FRIEDA No need to apologize.
MANN You really do enjoy that smell.
FRIEDA I do.
MANN It really isn't letting up, is it?
FRIEDA I hope it never ends.
MANN Never? That's a long time. Long enough for your bread to get cold.
Some memory clicks in FRIEDA's head.
FRIEDA Long enough for the bread to get cold...
MANN It won't be fresh when you get it home.
FRIEDA When I get it home...
MANN Perhaps if it's close you can make a quick dash and the bread won't be ruined.
FRIEDA Ruin the bread... mustn't ruin the bread...
FRIEDA is staring at the bread, trying to remember something else.
MANN If you shelter it inside your sweater, perhaps it won't get wet on the way home.
FRIEDA Home. I have to get home.
She seems genuinely frightened.
MANN I'm sure it's still quite fresh. Just not warm from the oven.
FRIEDA The bread is cold. I must get home. Why did I stop here? Why? Why?
MANN You stopped to shelter from the rain. No harm in that.
FRIEDA No harm in that. No harm in that?
MANN It's not a matter of life and death.
FRIEDA A matter of life and death? Why would you say that?
MANN It's just an expression. Is something the matter?
FRIEDA Yes. Something is. I must get home.
MANN I'll escort you there.
FRIEDA Why should you want to do that?
MANN Because you seem frightened to go home.
FRIEDA I am frightened to go home.
MANN Fraulein... what is your name?
FRIEDA My name?
MANN I'm Heinrich.
FRIEDA Heinrich.
MANN Who are you?
FRIEDA | [
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Who am I? Leave me alone. Leave me alone. I must get home.
She runs out nearly in tears. MANN watches her run away in a state of bewilderment. Then he calls after FRIEDA.
MANN Wait, please come back. Please.
scene IV here
A man in an undershirt sits at a table eating sardines from a plate that also has a large, peeled white onion on it. FRIEDA timidly enters, without bread or sweater, sees that her husband is home, and steadies herself, trying to move without fear. She sets the pillowcase, containing the clock, discreetly on the floor by the doorway. The man continues to eat in silence as FRIEDA sits down at the table. She reaches for one of the sardines.
ADOLPHUS Get your own supper. This is my supper.
FRIEDA I'm sorry I'm late.
ADOLPHUS Sardines and an onion.
FRIEDA I'll make something special tomorrow.
ADOLPHUS You'll make something special tomorrow.
FRIEDA What would you like?
ADOLPHUS Something special.
FRIEDA I'll make that, then.
ADOLPHUS Where've you been?
FRIEDA Running errands.
ADOLPHUS Running errands? Did you get bread?
FRIEDA I got there too late.
ADOLPHUS Too late. Too late to get bread. Why? // You were running errands.
FRIEDA I was running... yes.
ADOLPHUS No bread then.
FRIEDA I'll get bread tomorrow. Fresh.
ADOLPHUS Will you?
FRIEDA If you'd like some.
ADOLPHUS I'd like some. And don't dally in the park like you did last time.
FRIEDA I told you—
Pause. ADOLPHUS has finished licking his fingers clean of sardine juice. He takes a bite of the onion as if it were an apple.
Adolphus, I only stopped in the park because I got caught in the rain.
ADOLPHUS You told me. You waited out the rain and that's why you were late. And the bread was ruined. You waited out the rain by yourself, under a tree.
FRIEDA Yes.
ADOLPHUS By yourself?
FRIEDA By myself.
ADOLPHUS By yourself. Under a tree. So you said.
FRIEDA I got caught up, the rain falling, the bread. The smell. There was something about the smell. It was silly. Girlish. The smell—
ADOLPHUS Reminded you of something.
FRIEDA It didn't remind me of anything. It was just quiet. Nothing.
ADOLPHUS Silly. Girlish.
FRIEDA It won't happen again. I'm sorry.
ADOLPHUS If you get caught in the rain, you get caught in the rain. Nothing to be sorry about.
FRIEDA I'm sorry anyway.
ADOLPHUS Me too.
FRIEDA For what?
ADOLPHUS For getting angry with you...
He gestures hitting her across the face.
I get angry, you know me. Your Adolphus. I get angry. But I don't mean it. You know I don't mean it. You know that I don't mean it?
FRIEDA You keep saying that.
ADOLPHUS I keep saying that because I mean it. I'm your Adolphus. You know I'm your Adolphus, don't you? Don't you? Hmm? Come here then. Come here.
FRIEDA uncomfortably moves to sit on ADOLPHUS's lap. He rests his head on her breast.
Adolphus loves you. I don't know what I would do without you.
FRIEDA I'll make you something special tomorrow.
ADOLPHUS Tell Adolphus you love him. Tell your Adolphus. Tell him.
He has begun nuzzling her neck and ears.
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.077341 | -1.42692 | -1.953599 | -1.339757 |
FRIEDA Not now.
ADOLPHUS I'm sorry for what I did. You know I'm sorry. You know I don't mean it. It's all right you broke my clock. I forgive you.
ADOLPHUS moves his hand higher up FRIEDA's inner thigh. Her knees stay closed together.
FRIEDA It wasn't my fault the clock broke.
ADOLPHUS It fell. The clock fell. I pushed you into the clock. And the clock fell, that's all. I forgive you. Do you forgive me?
ADOLPHUS picks her up under her arms and lays her flat on the table and he begins to kiss and grope at her. FRIEDA lies still.
FRIEDA I...
ADOLPHUS I... what? Forgive?
FRIEDA I...
ADOLPHUS I what?
FRIEDA I didn't break your clock.
ADOLPHUS stops and pulls himself off of her. She stays lying on the table.
ADOLPHUS This is how you treat me? I try to make amends and this is what I get. Why were you late today? Why wasn't there any bread? Why?
FRIEDA I tried to repair your clock. Like you said.
ADOLPHUS sees the bag by the door. He goes and gets it and reaches in to find a mass of chains and springs. FRIEDA has risen from the table and has tried to keep it between her and ADOLPHUS.
ADOLPHUS Repair my clock. Like I said. Then what's this?
FRIEDA It can't be repaired.
ADOLPHUS It can't? It can't? Tomorrow. You will take the clock to be repaired. You will take the clock to be repaired and you will come home and you will make your Adolphus something special.
FRIEDA The clock cannot be repaired. At all.
ADOLPHUS Don't disobey me.
FRIEDA I'm not disobeying you. It cannot be repaired. That is fact.
ADOLPHUS whips off his thick belt and folds it into a weapon.
ADOLPHUS I say it can be repaired. I say it will be repaired.
FRIEDA It can't. The clockmaker says.
ADOLPHUS The clockmaker says, or you say?
FRIEDA We both say.
ADOLPHUS Disgraceful. Disgraceful. Disgraceful.
ADOLPHUS dashes around the table, grabs FRIEDA by the hair, and whips her legs with the buckle of his belt. He whips her many times.
scene V there
The wooden table sits with a single light source hanging above it. The wooden chairs are to the left and right of the table. Monsieur PIERRE sits at the table looking over a file. In the darkness, a metal door opens and closes. There is the sound of clicking footsteps as a man approaches. The footsteps seem to walk a good distance before they enter the area of light around the table. MANN enters, but Monsieur PIERRE doesn't look up. MANN stands, awkwardly waiting, unsure whether he should sit down without an invitation. MANN clears his throat very quietly. Monsieur PIERRE doesn't hear. MANN clears it again louder, but PIERRE still doesn't hear. Finally he clears it quite loudly. Monsieur PIERRE looks up.
PIERRE Yes?
MANN I'm here.
PIERRE So you are.
MANN You asked me to come and see you tomorrow.
PIERRE Did I?
MANN You did.
PIERRE Well?
MANN It's tomorrow.
PIERRE Is it?
MANN It is.
PIERRE Well, you're on time then. Excellent. Have a seat.
MANN sits. PIERRE waits.
What was it you wanted to see me about?
MANN It was you who wanted to see me.
PIERRE What about?
MANN | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | -0.304873 | -1.077816 | -1.978704 | -1.515575 |
You wanted to hear how I was getting on.
PIERRE How are you getting on?
MANN Fine.
PIERRE Are you?
MANN So far.
PIERRE Good.
Pause.
Was there anything else?
MANN And if there was anything I remembered, that came to mind, that I think you might like to know, you wanted to speak to me about it.
PIERRE That's what I said?
MANN I think so.
PIERRE That is what I said.
MANN I thought so.
PIERRE You've an excellent memory.
MANN It comes from not having very much to remember.
PIERRE You don't have very much to remember?
MANN Not particularly.
PIERRE I'm sure there's plenty.
MANN Nothing comes to mind.
PIERRE Have you remembered anything you'd forgotten lately?
MANN Like what?
PIERRE Oh, anything. What you had for breakfast yesterday? What winter is like when it's summer? What you dreamt the night before when it's late afternoon?
MANN Are those things you'd like to know?
PIERRE I'd like to ask you some further questions.
MANN I thought I'd answered your questions.
PIERRE I've thought of some more.
MANN Can you do that?
PIERRE Yes, I can. It's my job.
MANN All right.
PIERRE Your address.
MANN Is that a question?
PIERRE You remember your address? The one you wrote on the form. Where is it now...
PIERRE looks in the file for the chit.
MANN Twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse...
PIERRE You remembered.
MANN Yes, it's my address. Twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse.
PIERRE And? What comes after that?
MANN thinks.
MANN I don't remember.
Typing is heard after each of MANN's replies.
PIERRE You don't remember. You don't remember what comes after Volkstrasse? Are you uncomfortable, Herr Mann? Why is that? Is it the chair?
MANN It's a lovely chair, I told you. It's just got one leg slightly shorter than the other.
PIERRE Which one?
MANN I thought it was this one, but today.... It's really not enough to lose sleep over.
PIERRE Then why are you uncomfortable? There must be some reason. You're not lying to me, are you, Herr Mann?
MANN I would never lie to you. What reason should I have to lie to you?
PIERRE What reason do you have to lie to me?
The typewriter is typing furiously now.
MANN I shouldn't. I wouldn't lie to you. I haven't lied to anyone.
PIERRE You don't remember what comes after Volkstrasse //
MANN No.
PIERRE // but you remember Volkstrasse? //
MANN Yes. I do.
PIERRE Why is it that you remember one and not the other?
MANN I haven't done anything wrong.
The typewriter, which has been furiously typing the exchange, stops. Silence.
PIERRE Herr Mann.
MANN Monsieur Pierre.
PIERRE Have you been involved in a crime that I should be aware of?
MANN You asked me this before—
PIERRE Did I?
MANN Yes. Arson, theft—
PIERRE Murder.
MANN Yes, murder.
PIERRE Murder, is it?
MANN I haven't committed murder. Not at all. Murder is what you asked me.
PIERRE Why are you favouring murder over, say, arson or theft?
MANN I'm not favouring any of them. You could just as easily have said adultery...
MANN remembers something.
PIERRE I could just as easily have said adultery. But I didn't. You did.
Pause.
Adultery. Adult-ery. Adult hurry.
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.189929 | -0.966855 | -1.602127 | -0.921715 |
MANN There isn't a "hurry" in adultery.
PIERRE Oh, yes, but there is.
Pause.
Your file is under review. Your stay here is under review. You are under review.
MANN Under review? For what reason? Why?
PIERRE We welcome you here, you criticize our carpentry, the cut of our stationery—
MANN Is that why I'm under review?
PIERRE We don't appreciate waste here, nor are we receptive to criticism.
MANN I was nervous. I am nervous.
PIERRE Exactly.
MANN I'm a nervous person.
PIERRE Do you get that from your inner ear?
Quiet.
Herr Mann, we are pleased to have you here. We very much consider it our gain and their loss, but you are under review, and not for your ungrateful nitpicking. You are under review for what it is you do and don't remember.
MANN Am I to be detained for that?
PIERRE You're free to go. But I must ask you not to speak to people.
MANN Not to speak to people?
PIERRE You've been speaking to people.
MANN I spoke to a person.
PIERRE Whom did you speak to?
MANN I don't remember.
PIERRE You. I'm on to you. Don't speak to people.
MANN Why?
PIERRE Because your file is under review.
MANN My stay here is under review?
PIERRE You.
MANN Me?
PIERRE You are under review.
MANN For some crime I've committed?
PIERRE Possibly. Or possibly for some crime you are about to commit, which you haven't yet committed. It's quite possible.
MANN That's not possible.
PIERRE It isn't? Let me tell you a story. It's about a simple man, a very fine baker, a stranger in a country where they speak a different language than he. Now, he bakes very well, learns the language, is fair and pleasant to his new countrymen. And they, in turn, are fair and pleasant to him. All is good. But then, a war breaks out between his home country and his adopted one. When the war becomes particularly bloody, people—as they tend to do—stop coming to his shop. Soon his bakery is nearly bankrupt. One night, rocks are thrown through his shop windows. The baker sweeps up the broken glass, but the next night more than rocks are thrown. The following morning, standing before the charred remains of his pastry-shaped aspirations, the simple baker sees clearly. Not long after that, the baker boards a train full of seaside travellers. He carries a black valise and finds his seat. Mopping sweat from his brow, he pushes the black valise far under the seat where no one can see it and leaves it there. When the train slows on a bend, he leaps from the back door for the railway ties. Unfortunately, the baker—not accustomed to leapings and landings from the back doors of trains—stumbles, falls, and breaks his neck. He lies in a ditch, in a country far from his own, dead.
MANN But?
PIERRE But. But the clock on the bomb in the black valise keeps on ticking, until just more than a half-hour later when it blows the seaside travellers into an array of little mismatched pieces.
MANN Oh.
PIERRE Now, Herr Mann, the baker set his bomb for his love of baking. And though his heart has stopped, his bomb—his act of love—keeps on ticking. His revenge keeps on ticking. Contemplate that, clockmaker.
scene VI here
The door chime rings. Herr MANN looks up from his work over a small pocket watch to see FRIEDA standing in the shop doorway. MANN is wearing his elaborate spectacles. FRIEDA is carrying the paper bag containing the broken clock.
FRIEDA I'm back
= MANN You're back.
MANN I wanted to apologize
= FRIEDA I came to apologize.
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.84576 | -0.317963 | -1.141269 | -0.476479 |
RIEDA What for?
= MANN For what?
They pause and wait to see who will speak next.
FRIEDA I should not have said the things that I said.
MANN I'm sure you had a good reason.
FRIEDA I didn't at all have a good reason. One doesn't have a reason to be dreadful just because someone else...
Pause.
MANN Just because someone else?
FRIEDA One should never be dreadful to someone else, for any reason.
MANN I see.
FRIEDA I'm sorry for questioning your skills as a clockmaker. I'm sure you are a fine clockmaker. I'm sorry for calling you a liar. I'm sorry too, especially, for saying "disgraceful" in such a manner. I do hate it when people say "disgraceful" like that.
MANN It's perfectly all right.
FRIEDA It isn't.
MANN It isn't all right at all.
FRIEDA You're very kind.
MANN I'm glad you came back. It was I who wanted to apologize.
FRIEDA For what?
MANN For not being able to repair your clock.
FRIEDA It's not possible. You said so.
MANN Nothing should be impossible if one is truly an artist.
FRIEDA You can fix the clock?
MANN I didn't say that. It is easier to start over—in all things. In truth, Frau Mannheim—
FRIEDA Frieda.
MANN Frieda, in truth, I am not a fine clockmaker at all; I am—at best—a repairer of watches. Minor repairs. Minor, minor repairs.
FRIEDA I'm sure it's more complex than that.
MANN No, no, it's true. Many times, all I do to repair a watch is wind it.
FRIEDA Do you charge for that?
MANN Trade secret. Otherwise people would just wind their watches themselves. It's comforting to people that there's someone who can fix the things they can't. And even if they can fix the things themselves, it's much more comforting when someone else does it for them.
FRIEDA But those wonderful clocks in the window, didn't you—
MANN Those were made by my father.
FRIEDA None of them are yours?
MANN Mine are... no, none of those are mine.
FRIEDA Where are yours? May I see your clocks?
MANN No. No.
FRIEDA I'm sorry. I'm prying.
MANN No, it's not you. I've just never shown them to anyone.
FRIEDA Really? It would be a privilege then to see them. If you've never shown them to anyone before. It would be a real...
MANN Treat?
FRIEDA Honour.
Pause.
Please?
MANN produces a wooden box and kneels. He gestures for FRIEDA to come closer and she kneels beside him. MANN opens the lid. He pulls out the top wooden tray, which contains many small jars of paint and other odd substances. Then, from inside the box, he reveals three wonderful cuckoo clocks, beautifully painted and carved. FRIEDA is speechless. MANN looks on, uncomfortable and embarrassed.
Oh. Oh, they're wonderful.
MANN Well they're...
FRIEDA They are...
MANN They—I'm not sure...
FRIEDA Truly, truly beautiful.
MANN That's enough now.
FRIEDA You don't believe me that they're beautiful?
MANN They are excruciatingly embarrassing to me. I'm very much ashamed of them.
FRIEDA There is absolutely no reason for you to be ashamed.
MANN I am ashamed. You see the clock that is, but what you do not see is the clock I set out to make. They are so different as to be laughable. These are a pale, pale comparison. Just complete and utter failures... like myself | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.859345 | -0.890935 | -1.320591 | -0.257023 |
.
FRIEDA Don't.
MANN You see, I didn't just want to be a clockmaker; not even a fine clockmaker. I wanted to be the greatest clockmaker there had ever been. I wanted my clocks to be marvelled at throughout the ages, and my name along with them. But what troubled me was the multitude of very fine, fine clockmakers in the world who had (I could only grudgingly admit) made some very fine, fine clocks. And, although on my best days I could see that I, too, had made some fine clocks, I couldn't see that I was the greatest clockmaker that had ever been. It wasn't enough to have wonderful designs, it wasn't enough to be the best at scrollwork or detail with a fine brush. It wasn't enough. I needed to do something no clockmaker had ever done. One day, it struck me: the cuckoo and the sound it made were not enough... the clock should also smell. Because olfaction is the most sublime of the senses and the most capable of conjuring a moment from the past. So, this one—with clowns, lions, and see, the trapeze there—was to smell of candy-apple caramel and popped corn. And this one—with Father Christmas, snow, and pretty packages—was to smell of cinnamon, cider, and woodsmoke. I thought about cooked ham and pineapple for that one too, but I didn't want to overdo it.
FRIEDA What happened?
MANN They didn't smell at all, or they didn't smell like I intended. The caramel was boiled, so it was sickly sweet and stained the wallpaper, while the woodsmoke made the eyes sting and the clothes stink.
MANN shows FRIEDA the jars of chemicals and unguents.
The problem is scent and chemistry. One cannot simply place some cinnamon in the clock and hope that it works. Many different chemicals, elements, and powders must be used in just the right amounts to create the essence of the smell one is attempting to reproduce. To capture it, make it permanent, eternal.
FRIEDA picks out several of the jars and bottles and reads the labels.
FRIEDA Cinnamon, caramel... arsenic. Belladonna. Cyanide. Poison?
MANN Those... those were to preserve the essence of the smells. I tried everything to stabilize the other ingredients, you see? But nothing worked. Nothing. It was a complete failure.
FRIEDA What about this one? Is this a farmer? And here, sheaves of golden wheat? And look, baby chicks and little white lambs? They're charming.
MANN winds the clock to make the chime happen. A cow's head pops out and moos. There is a little puff of smoke, and a few moments later, MANN and FRIEDA are repulsed by the smell.
Oh, my. Oh, my... that's—
MANN Manure. Yes, that's freshly dropped manure, on top of yesterday's manure. I strived for fresh-cut wheat and I got cow manure with a hint of chicken coop. And that was the end of that. The end of me.
FRIEDA is still holding the cyanide jar.
FRIEDA And now you are, at best, a repairer of watches?
MANN At best.
FRIEDA Do you think that perhaps there might be something somewhere in between the greatest clockmaker that has ever been and the lowliest repairer of watches?
MANN What would that be?
FRIEDA I see. I understand. For you, there is only the greatest or the lowliest and nothing else. But imagine for a moment that there were something else.
MANN What else could there possibly be?
FRIEDA Perhaps, if you don't mind my saying, there might be a clock that may not be the greatest clock ever made, but certainly wouldn't be anywhere near the worst? A clock that helped someone who needed help. A clock built for no other purpose than to save one person. A clock that did one tiny thing, one small but very important thing, that made all the difference in the world to one person.
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] | 1,024 | Book | 1.318528 | -0.252425 | -0.017142 | 0.186949 |
MANN Who?
FRIEDA stands in front of MANN, takes up the hemof her skirt and raises it high up on her thighs. Above her knees, specially aimed by ADOLPHUS to be hidden by her hemline, are the multicoloured bruises of his belt and buckle.
You didn't break the clock, did you?
FRIEDA Heinrich, please, make a clock only and especially for my husband.
MANN stands and moves gently towards FRIEDA. He takes her hands and loosens their grip so her skirt falls back down to cover her thighs. He holds out his hand.
MANN I'm going to need that cyanide.
FRIEDA very gently returns the jar of poison to the clockmaker's hand.
scene VII there
A downfall of rain sounds. FRIEDA, with a small paper bag of bread nestled inside her sweater, is taking shelter under her tree. Her face is turned up towards the water dripping through the tree. Her eyes are closed and she's taking in the air in deep drafts. Herr MANN peers out from behind the tree. He looks to see if anyone is nearby watching.
MANN Psst.
MANN ducks behind the tree again. FRIEDA continues to smell. Again MANN peers out and whispers.
Psst.
FRIEDA hears him this time and looks around.
Psst-sst.
FRIEDA Oh, it's you.
MANN Yes, it's me.
FRIEDA Heinrich?
MANN You remembered.
FRIEDA What are you doing behind there?
MANN I'm hiding.
FRIEDA Why are you hiding?
MANN I'm afraid they're... I'm afraid he's watching.
FRIEDA He? Who? You're afraid who's watching?
MANN Him. Pierre. Monsieur Pierre.
FRIEDA I don't see anyone.
MANN Do you know him?
FRIEDA Monsieur Pierre? I don't believe I do. What does he look like?
MANN He looks suspicious.
FRIEDA Suspicious?
MANN He's the kind of person that right away makes you suspicious.
FRIEDA Is it Monsieur Pierre or you who is suspicious?
MANN With people like him, it's the same thing.
FRIEDA I don't see anyone suspicious. I don't see anyone at all. It's safe.
MANN edges his way out into the open to speak to FRIEDA.
It's quite safe. Smell.
MANN I'm sorry, I can't smell just now. I'm in trouble.
FRIEDA Trouble? What sort of trouble?
MANN I don't know, but my file is under review. My stay here is under review. I am under review.
FRIEDA What for? For something you've done?
MANN Or for something I haven't done. He thinks I've committed a crime. That I'm a criminal. That I might commit a crime.
FRIEDA Have you committed a crime? Are you a criminal? Are you going to commit a crime?
MANN No. I don't know. I don't think so.
FRIEDA suddenly steps away from MANN.
FRIEDA What sort of crime?
MANN He said murder.
FRIEDA Murder. That's awful.
MANN Imagine how I feel! Being accused of being about to be a murderer. I've never so much as killed a mouse. Well, I did once, but I felt horrible about it.
FRIEDA Did he accuse you?
MANN No. But he was suspicious. Which made me suspicious of his suspicion.
FRIEDA Suspicious of suspicion of murder.
MANN About to murder.
FRIEDA About to murder who?
MANN Whom.
FRIEDA Whom?
MANN How should I know? Is it someone specific? Just any old someone? Who?
FRIEDA And why?
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] | 1,024 | Book | -0.082796 | -0.88769 | -1.533985 | -1.35873 |
MANN I'm afraid they'll find something out about me.
FRIEDA What?
MANN I don't know. I don't remember. How could I not remember? How could I not remember something like that? Isn't something like arson, theft, or murder something I'd remember?
FRIEDA Arson, theft, or murder?
MANN Or adultery.
FRIEDA Adultery?
MANN And it was I who said adultery. But only because I'd favoured murder. You see, Frieda? You see?
FRIEDA Frieda. How do you know Frieda is my name?
MANN I don't know it's Frieda. I just said Frieda. Frieda just came out. Is Frieda your name?
FRIEDA My name is Frieda.
MANN You see? How could I know your name is Frieda? How could I have known you because you smelled of rain and freshly baked bread? How could I have known you—
FRIEDA If we've never met before.
MANN Precisely.
FRIEDA I'm sure I would have remembered.
MANN I'm sure you would have. Wouldn't you?
FRIEDA I think I would. Heinrich. Heinrich?
MANN Yes, Frieda?
FRIEDA Who are you?
MANN I'm not sure I remember anymore... perhaps I... am a murderer... to be.... I shouldn't even be speaking to you.
FRIEDA Why not?
MANN He told me not to speak to people. You'd best leave me alone.
FRIEDA Is there anywhere you can go? Is there anyone who can help you?
Pause.
MANN Are you afraid of me?
FRIEDA You don't seem like a murderer to me.
MANN Perhaps I'm not, but perhaps there are things that can drive a non-murderer to murder.
FRIEDA Like what? Adultery?
MANN Adultery I have committed, or adultery I'm about to.
FRIEDA Who could you commit adultery with? I'm the only person you know, and I'm not married.
MANN Aren't you?
FRIEDA Not that I remember.
MANN Good, because I love you.
FRIEDA You love me?
MANN I just remembered that I love you.
FRIEDA Do you remember if I love you?
MANN You don't remember?
FRIEDA No.
MANN What do you remember?
FRIEDA I remember you from yesterday.
MANN I'm going mad. I think I'm going mad.
FRIEDA You might be going mad.
MANN There's got to be a way to find out.
FRIEDA There's got to be.
MANN The files. The chit. The record.
FRIEDA The record?
MANN (miming frantic typing) The ticka ticka ticka. The record. We've got to find the records. But before that we've got to be sure he hasn't had me followed. We can't stay here. We've got to go somewhere.
FRIEDA Where?
MANN Somewhere. Anywhere. Do you know somewhere?
FRIEDA No.
MANN Never mind, we'll just go anywhere until we find somewhere.
FRIEDA Do you remember the way to anywhere?
MANN Hm, that way?
FRIEDA Go, I'll follow you. Wait. Heinrich. Don't run. Walk. Walk like you haven't done anything wrong. Yet.
MANN looks at her with gratitude and then walks off nonchalantly into the rain. FRIEDA goes back to closing her eyes and smelling the air. She is about to get lost in the smell again when MANN runs back in and grabs her hand. They run out together.
scene VIII here
FRIEDA enters with the paper bag of warm bread. She rubs her chilly, sweaterless arms to warm them. She stops when she finds her home dimly lit | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.283328 | -0.806254 | -1.526812 | -1.134847 |
. She is wary.
FRIEDA Adolphus? Adolphus?
ADOLPHUS (off) Frieda?
ADOLPHUS hurries into the room.
You're home.
FRIEDA I brought the bread. It's fresh. I'm late, I know...
ADOLPHUS I thought you were going to make me something // special tonight.
FRIEDA I was. I meant to.
ADOLPHUS // What happened?
FRIEDA I went for the bread and I got caught in the rain.
ADOLPHUS Caught in the rain?
FRIEDA Adolphus... I meant to make you something special. Please, believe me.
ADOLPHUS I believe you meant to. I do.
FRIEDA I kept the bread dry by hiding under the tree, the big one in the park.
ADOLPHUS It smells good. The bread. Rain. You.
FRIEDA Adolphus—
ADOLPHUS Frieda, stop.
FRIEDA Please don't...
ADOLPHUS Please don't what? Please don't what? Say it. Don't be afraid. Please don't hit me? Please don't hit me. That's what you think I'm going to do. It is, isn't it? A fine thing for a wife to think of her husband. You're right to think it, too. I am abominable. I am the worst kind of gutter filth. I am a barbarian. I'm a beast. Is that any way for a man to behave? Is it even a way for a beast to behave? I am a slug. A bully. Worse than a bully, for bullies get some joy from what they do. I am a brute, a low, low piece of toilet scum.
FRIEDA Don't be so hard on yourself.
ADOLPHUS If you knew the pain I feel. The hate and anger. If you knew.
FRIEDA It wouldn't make it all right.
ADOLPHUS No, it wouldn't. Absolutely not. Do you know what I was going to do today? I was going to free you. I was going to free you from this. Free myself from what I am. Free you from what I am. I spent the afternoon in the cellar standing on an apple box with a rope around my neck.
FRIEDA Oh.
ADOLPHUS But I didn't have the nerve to jump. You wouldn't think it'd be so difficult to jump off an apple box. But it was the hardest thing in the world. I couldn't even kill myself. Isn't that funny?
FRIEDA I don't think so.
ADOLPHUS I've had plenty of courage to do what I've done to you, but not enough for myself. I'm pathetic.
FRIEDA You're not...
ADOLPHUS I am pathetic. Don't argue.
FRIEDA I'm not arguing.
ADOLPHUS Today, in the cellar with the rope around my neck, I thought of everything in my life, everything I could remember, and I realized that all of it was painful. Everything I could remember was awful. Pain. Just pain. From my father onward, and now to you. I know what I've done and I know I should never be forgiven. I don't deserve it. I don't at all. But, if you could possibly look deep down and remember me when we first met, it could be that way again. Like when I took you to the circus. You remember that?
FRIEDA I do.
ADOLPHUS We watched the lions and the lion tamer, and you loved it when he cracked his whip. You remember? And how much you loved it when he put his head inside the lion's jaws. You didn't see but, while you watched the lions, I watched you. And when we went out into the warm night, but we didn't go home. You remember what we did?
FRIEDA We just walked.
ADOLPHUS It was more than that.
FRIEDA That was a long time ago.
ADOLPHUS You remember the bench by | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.451106 | -1.202403 | -1.971531 | -1.365055 |
the trees with the lights in them, and the railing over the water?
FRIEDA I do.
ADOLPHUS That water, shining black. And then what did we do?
FRIEDA Adolphus... we watched the boats go back and forth.
ADOLPHUS And we kissed for the first time. I want so much to go back to that night.
FRIEDA We can't.
ADOLPHUS That first kiss.
FRIEDA says nothing and ADOLPHUS moves closer.
It saved me, you know? You don't believe me, after all that's happened, you have every right. But it did. Just as it saved me today. Please don't tell me you've forgotten your Adolphus, your Adolphus that night.
FRIEDA I haven't. I haven't. I just—
ADOLPHUS Shh. Come here. Come here. It's all right.
ADOLPHUS slowly takes FRIEDA into his arms. He holds her and caresses her tenderly. Her resistance to him falls as she sobs into him.
FRIEDA So much pain. So much hate. So little else I can remember.
ADOLPHUS Remember that kiss. Do you?
FRIEDA I do. I do.
ADOLPHUS Thank you, Frieda, thank you so much.
She kisses him lightly. He kisses her lightly back and they stare at each other.
I promise you I will never hurt you again. I promise.
He really, really means it.
I love you, Frieda.
FRIEDA I...
ADOLPHUS I love you.
FRIEDA Adolphus.
ADOLPHUS Please say you love me. Please. I love you. I do. You know I do. Look at me. Your Adolphus.
FRIEDA I... I love you.
They begin to kiss intensely. Soon it is quite passionate and ADOLPHUS picks her up in both his arms as she cleaves to his neck. ADOLPHUS carries FRIEDA off to their bed. There is no indication that ADOLPHUS and FRIEDA will not be happily married until their dying day.
scene IX there
FRIEDA and MANN enter an area with strings of sparkling lights and a bench and a rail overlooking water. They seem to have been running for a while.
FRIEDA Wait, wait, Heinrich, wait...
MANN What? Do you see someone?
FRIEDA No, no, I just can't run anymore. I've got a horrible critch in my side.
MANN Here, here, sit, sit. Catch your breath.
He guides FRIEDA over to the bench and sits beside her.
FRIEDA Who'd have thought going anywhere would be so tiring?
MANN Well, we're somewhere at least. Somewhere else, anyway.
FRIEDA Oh. Oh.
MANN Oh?
FRIEDA Oh, I'm remembering something.
MANN What? What is it?
FRIEDA gestures for MANN to be quiet for a moment as she stands and takes in the scene.
FRIEDA This bench... the lights in the trees... this railing... the river. The water—the way it's shining black—and something else...
MANN moves along with her, trying to will her to remember.
MANN What else?
FRIEDA Shh. No, it's gone. Oh well, it mustn't have been that important.
MANN What if it was that important?
FRIEDA Then, perhaps, I would have—should have remembered it.
MANN It's all important. Isn't it? When I met you, you didn't even remember your name.
FRIEDA It made no difference to me at all. I just was. I wasn't any less me when I had no name. And now I have a name for me... Frieda. And now I'm wondering, who is Frieda? And why Frieda and not... not... say...
MANN Anna, Heidi, or Ingrid—
FRIEDA Why not | [
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them? Why not Anna? That's a pretty name. Would I be the same me if I were Anna?
MANN Of course you would, only you'd be Anna. I'd love you even if you were Anna.
FRIEDA That's so sweet.
MANN You'd be no different if you were Anna.
FRIEDA But I'll never know for certain because I'm Frieda. Would you mind if I were Anna from now on?
MANN That's... all right, you're Anna and I'm Heinrich Mann.
FRIEDA You're Heinrich what?
MANN Mann.
FRIEDA But I'm just Anna? Anna what?
MANN Anna...
FRIEDA Perhaps I am Anna Mann?
MANN Would you like to be Anna Mann, Frieda—Anna?
FRIEDA Would you mind?
MANN Not at all. It would be an honour.
FRIEDA Heinrich and Anna Mann. Are you particularly fond of Heinrich?
MANN Fondish.
FRIEDA You can be anyone you'd like to be. You could be—
MANN Viktor, Franz, or even Adolphus—
FRIEDA Adolphus. Adolphus...
A chill comes over FRIEDA.
MANN What is it Fr-Anna?
FRIEDA Heinrich, I like Heinrich much better.
MANN Heinrich and Anna Mann. There's something nice about that.
FRIEDA Something less lonely. Two of us instead of just one.
MANN Not just that. Now we are a pair and we can do things. Things that pairs do. The, the, the gallery, or the café, or, or the circus. The circus, for example. That's a wonderful thing to do with someone with the same name.
FRIEDA The circus.
MANN The circus is wonderful, when it's in town. The lions.
FRIEDA The lions?
MANN Absolutely. They come running into the cage and the lion tamer cracks his whip and they snarl at him. (snarls to FRIEDA's laughter) They bat at the air with their huge paws. (bats, snarls, and laughs) And the lion tamer cracks his whip and shouts at them—back! (whip cracks) Down! Down, Aries! Back! Back, Terror!
FRIEDA That's wonderful.
MANN Oh, it is, it is, but that's not the half of it. The lion tamer calls and whips the lions up onto their barrels, and jumps them through fiery hoops, and finally, finally—despite their roars that shake the massive tent poles—
FRIEDA Roar.
MANN lets out his best lion roar.
That's wonderful.
MANN And finally, at the end of the act, the lion tamer grasps Aries's jaws and wrenches them open and puts his head inside.
David Keeley and Esther Purves-Smith
photo by Trudie Lee
FRIEDA Does he take it out again?
MANN He wrenches them open and puts his head inside quickly and takes it out again.
FRIEDA Then what do we do?
MANN Then we cheer and clap and stomp our feet.
The two of them do this and laugh.
FRIEDA Then what? Don't let it end.
MANN Oh, that's not the end. After that, we flow out with the rest of the circus audience. We wander off into the warm night, but we don't go home too quickly. We wander and walk, walk along in the night, holding hands and talking—or not talking.
FRIEDA Where do we walk?
MANN We walk past the cafés and the cabarets, looking at the people and hearing the band music spilling out onto the streets.
FRIEDA But we don't go in.
MANN We just walk along the cobbles till we—
FRIEDA Till we end up down by the river.
MANN With the lights in the trees and the bench | [
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and the water shining black.
FRIEDA And just watch the boats going back and forth till it grows dark and the lights shine on the black water and...
MANN And what?
FRIEDA I'm remembering something.
MANN Oh, oh, oh.
FRIEDA I'm remembering this very thing, Heinrich, this very thing.
MANN Is it wonderful?
FRIEDA It is wonderful.
MANN Good, because it's wonderful for me too.
FRIEDA Only there's one thing missing. Don't you remember?
MANN I'm trying to.
FRIEDA Let me refresh your memory.
FRIEDA leans in and kisses MANN, sweetly and gently.
MANN How could I possibly have forgotten that?
FRIEDA Let me give you another so you're sure not to.
She does so again.
MANN I love you, Anna.
FRIEDA I love you, Heinrich.
scene X here
MANN is hard at work on his masterpiece for FRIEDA. His sleeves are rolled up. His work table is covered with alembics and test tubes as he combines the chemicals required for the smelling clock. He is enjoying his work. The door chime rings. FRIEDA is at the door, sweaterless. He smiles broadly and comes over to her to take her hand.
MANN Frieda, Frieda, Frieda.
FRIEDA Heinrich, Heinrich, Heinrich.
MANN Oh, Frieda, I'm so glad you came.
FRIEDA I was hoping that we could talk...
MANN You're anxious, aren't you? I know how it is, one can barely contain oneself for the finished product, but—it's nearly finished.
FRIEDA Nearly finished? You work quickly.
MANN It's you, you've inspired me—if you don't mind my saying—and inspiration, Frieda, makes all the difference in the world.
FRIEDA I think you had it in you all along.
MANN What was missing before was you. You've saved me, Frieda. You.
FRIEDA Nonsense.
MANN What was missing before was a purpose, a real purpose. And you've given it to me, don't you see? All those other clocks I made for me, my ambition, my insecurities. But this one is different. Very different. This one, you see, will save me because it will save you.
FRIEDA That's good, Heinrich, that's good.
MANN It's wonderful, is what it is. I'm back. I'm back to beat the band, or back to beat the husband should I say?
FRIEDA Heinrich.
MANN What? Has he hurt you again? Monster. I'm not working fast enough, I must redouble my efforts. I've run out of cyanide and I'm awaiting a new shipment from the chemists. If you can wait just a bit longer, it will soon be finished.
FRIEDA Slow down, Heinrich, take your time—
MANN The cyanide should be here early tomorrow and then I can—
FRIEDA Heinrich, listen, you must not... I don't want you to make the clock.
MANN But your husband and his belt...
FRIEDA He's promised never to hurt me again.
MANN Oh, I see. Does he mean it? Has he made such promises before? Frieda? What happened after he promised? He beat you again, didn't he? Worse than before? And you believe he'll keep his promise this time?
FRIEDA I do. It's different this time. He's changed. He knows now. He was so sorry. So loving.
MANN He's lying.
FRIEDA He isn't. It's true this time.
MANN Frieda, you know him, you know him better than anyone, you know it isn't true. Do you honestly, truly believe that this time he will keep his promise?
FRIEDA Heinrich...
MANN Don't believe it, Frieda, don't.
F | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.946291 | -0.983077 | -1.802968 | -0.966619 |
RIEDA He means it.
MANN Of course he means it. He means it until he doesn't mean it anymore. Until he has some reason, or doesn't have any reason at all. You remember your legs?
FRIEDA Heinrich, you must stop making the clock! I don't want it anymore! You hear me? I don't want you to make the clock!
A silence.
MANN I see. I only did it because you asked me to.
FRIEDA I know, it's all my fault, but it's not too late to stop. And I want you to stop.
MANN I only did it to help you. Like you said. That there might be a clock that may not be the greatest clock ever made, but nowhere near the worst.
FRIEDA You can still do that, Heinrich, just not this way.
MANN You are what made it possible. I needed to be able to help someone. I needed to build a clock for no other purpose than to save one person. A clock that did one small but very important thing, that made all the difference in the world to one person.
FRIEDA Perhaps you still can, but—
MANN Just not this way, just not for you?
FRIEDA Just not for me.
MANN All right. All right.
FRIEDA Thank you.
MANN You know, before that door chimed, and I looked up and saw you, I never spoke. Almost never. For months, for years, I'd say nothing but the words of the transaction. And now that I've started, I don't want to stop. Now, when the door chimes and it's you—and you leave the place filled with the smell of bread and rain, the smell of you—it's the happiest I've been in many years. Possibly ever. Actually ever.
FRIEDA I'm a married woman.
MANN I know you are. I know that. But I'd hoped that, perhaps, that after I finished the clock and after your husband learned his lesson, that, perhaps, you and I might be friends.
FRIEDA Friends.
MANN Perhaps, from time to time, we could go to a gallery, or a café, or the circus, perhaps—when it's in town.
FRIEDA The circus is wonderful.
MANN It is, isn't it? The ringmaster in his red coat and top hat. Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, children of all.... Perfectly innocent. Just friends because, because, there really aren't enough of them.
FRIEDA No, Heinrich, there aren't.
MANN After I finished your clock.
FRIEDA Your masterpiece. Heinrich, I do remember my legs. I do. You don't know how much I remember them. But I also remember other things. Many other things that I can't tell you about. Touches. Kisses. Long nights in the summer with the windows open and curtains blowing lightly. You know how it is. You know.
MANN I... I know.
FRIEDA You don't, do you?
MANN I...
FRIEDA Oh, you actually don't know, do you?
MANN Oh, I do. Plenty of touches, kisses. Long nights in the summer. All sorts of curtains blowing lightly. Many long nights. I know all about those things. Plenty. Plenty.
Pause.
FRIEDA Heinrich, how close are you to completing it?
MANN The cyanide is going to arrive at the chemist's tomorrow morning. Quite possibly the clock could be finished the day after.
FRIEDA Do you think you could still finish by then?
MANN I do.
FRIEDA Would you?
MANN I thought you—
FRIEDA I did. But you're right. You—my husband needs this clock. I need this clock.
MANN Are you quite certain of that?
FRIEDA Yes, Heinrich, I want you to finish your masterpiece.
MANN I'll do it, but only if you really want me to.
FRIEDA I do. When do you think I can pick it up?
MANN Are you sure you | [
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wouldn't rather have me deliver it?
FRIEDA No, I'd like to pick it up myself.
MANN I think I could have it done day after tomorrow at noon.
FRIEDA Noon.
MANN It will be ready.
FRIEDA Noon. I'll be here to get the clock. Day after tomorrow, then, I will bring the clock home to my husband.
MANN And you can bring it home to your husband. And then, afterwards, we can be friends.
FRIEDA Afterwards, we can be friends.
MANN The circus?
FRIEDA Day after tomorrow, noon, I'll be here.
scene XI there
The wooden table sits with a single light source hanging above it. The wooden chairs are to the left and right of the table. In the darkness, a metal door opens and closes as if it is being done quietly, purposefully. Then, silence for a while and some hushed shushes. Finally, MANN enters on tiptoe, leading FRIEDA by the hand.
FRIEDA Heinrich, we shouldn't be here.
MANN Why shouldn't we be here? It's the town hall. A civic building.
FRIEDA It does have a tower with a great clock in it.
MANN Precisely. And who does time belong to?
FRIEDA The people.
MANN And we're the people. So we have a perfect right to be here.
FRIEDA It still doesn't seem right.
MANN Why not?
FRIEDA Because we're tiptoeing.
MANN Tiptoeing is quite good for your arch supports. The arch is one area of the body that receives very little exercise. As opposed to the larynx, which is largely overworked.
FRIEDA Oh, that's why we're whispering.
MANN Absolutely, Anna. Absolutely.
FRIEDA Do you think that I just remembered that?
MANN I think the list of things you've forgotten, my dear, versus the things you've remembered, has significantly diminished.
FRIEDA How wonderful.
MANN But that's nothing compared to the things you're going to remember here.
FRIEDA I don't seem to remember this table and chairs.
MANN A table and chairs are hardly memorable—especially that chair. What we're looking for is the files.
FRIEDA Why are we looking for the files?
MANN He had a file for me. And they must have had a file for you. Transcriptions from the record.
FRIEDA The record?
MANN The ticka ticka ticka.
FRIEDA Oh, yes, the ticka ticka ticka. You said. I remember that.
MANN We've got to find those files and we'll find out the truth.
FRIEDA What do the files look like?
MANN What we're looking for is the place they keep the files—the filing cabinets.
They look out into the dark, but all there is out there is the darkness. MANN digs in his pockets for his lighter. After a few attempts at igniting it, it lights.
Stay there.
MANN wanders into the darkness beyond the table. FRIEDA stands looking around, slightly nervous. Finally, she climbs up onto the table so she can reach the light. She shines it like a spotlight out into the room. She gasps slightly.
FRIEDA Heinrich. Heinrich. Heinrich.
MANN Yes, Anna...?
FRIEDA I think I may have found something.
MANN What? What did you find?
FRIEDA turns around slowly, shining the light around three hundred sixty degrees, and finally coming to rest on MANN standing there, holding his lighter. MANN's shadow dances upon a seemingly endless wall of filing cabinets. There is a ladder that goes up out of sight, leaning against the wall.
FRIEDA Are those the filing cabinets?
MANN closes his lighter and snaps his hand.
MANN Ow! Yes, Anna, I believe those are the filing cabinets | [
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.
As MANN walks along—looking, passing his hand over the bottom rows of the cabinets—FRIEDA follows him with the light.
FRIEDA Have we found anything?
MANN I think so.
FRIEDA What, Heinrich? What?
MANN I think we found the M's.
FRIEDA There are a lot of M's.
MANN pulls open a drawer, starts skimming through the names.
MANN M A R... M A S... M A S S...
MANN closes that drawer, moves a few columns over, and pulls open another drawer.
M A L... M A L...
Christian Goutsis and Esther Purves-Smith
photo by Trudie Lee
MANN closes that drawer and opens yet another.
M A N... here, this is the one.
MANN pulls this drawer open, which—even when drawn out twelve feet—shows no sign of being pulled all the way out. At about twenty feet, he stops, grabs a few files, and flips them open.
Mannheim, Wilma... Mannheim, Dietrich...
MANN stuffs those files back into the drawer and skims ahead. He pulls out another schwack of files.
Mann... Mann... Mann... there certainly are a lot of Manns.
MANN grabs out two large handfuls and runs back to the table. He sets a stack on the table in front of each of the chairs. He sits down and begins going through the files looking for his own.
Erich Mann... Rudolph Mann... Hans Mann...
FRIEDA giggles and points at the file photo of Rudolph MANN.
FRIEDA Oh, poor Rudolph. Look at this funny picture.
MANN Anna, we actually shouldn't be here.
FRIEDA Oh. Oh. I thought not.
She runs over to her chair and begins going through the files.
Frehlich, Caspar...
MANN Haven't they heard of alphabetical order?
FRIEDA Heinrich.
MANN Yes, Anna?
She shakes a file at him.
FRIEDA Heinrich.
MANN Oh, Heinrich.
He leaps up, grabs the file, and flips it open.
There, it's me.
FRIEDA You look handsome.
MANN I think I look frightened.
FRIEDA Frightened, no. More modest, shy. It's quite sweet.
MANN Sweet? Thank you.
FRIEDA What's this?
MANN Oh, chit. Look, one question.
FRIEDA "Who are you?"
MANN Heinrich Mann, clockmaker, twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse.
FRIEDA Twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse—that seems like a nice place for us to live.
MANN "Heinrich Mann, clockmaker, twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse." There it is, in my own hand-printing.
FRIEDA Whose hand-printing is that?
MANN That's Monsieur Pierre's printing. The date on which I arrived. What kind of ch... form has one question?
MANN flips into another file and retrieves the chit.
"Who are you?" "I don't remember."
MANN flips into another file and retrieves the chit.
"Who are you?" "I don't know."
FRIEDA begins looking through her files and chits.
FRIEDA "Who are you?"
MANN What did they write?
FRIEDA "Nobody."
They begin reading out their chits as they find them.
MANN "I don't know."
FRIEDA "I can't remember." "Who are you?"
MANN A scribble.
FRIEDA He's a scribble?
MANN He went to write something, then wrote a scribble.
FRIEDA Oh, here's a scribble too. Look.
MANN What could it mean?
FRIEDA They didn't know what to write?
| [
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] | 1,024 | Book | -0.13493 | -1.022011 | -0.799464 | -0.765503 |
MANN They start to write something, then scribble it out. No one knows who they are.
FRIEDA And this one arrived on the same day you did.
MANN is now standing, scanning through his file, and he doesn't notice FRIEDA stop and slowly withdraw a photo from the file she is holding. She touches the face in the photo, recognizing it. Then, she touches her own face. She turns to the file and reads the name. If one could read lips, they'd see that FRIEDA mouths the name "Freida Mannheim."
MANN Here. "Herr Mann strongly suspected of serious crime not yet committed. Possibly an adulterer. Very likely a murderer. Not the strong physical type; strangling and knife-use unlikely." Asthma is not a crime. "Likely the kind whose nervous disposition wouldn't stand a gunshot or any loud confrontation." It's my inner ear. "Look for subtler, more artistic means of killing. Most likely candidate: exotic poison, creatively delivered." Poison.
FRIEDA looks up from her file.
FRIEDA Poison. Poison.
MANN Exotic poison, creatively delivered.
FRIEDA Heinrich, you are going to be a murderer.
MANN I don't want to be a murderer.
FRIEDA I don't want you to be a murderer.
MANN I just want to be with you.
FRIEDA You must stop the murder from happening.
MANN How can I possibly stop a murder from happening when I don't know who it is I'm to murder? Or why?
FRIEDA is remembering something. She closes her file and places it in amongst the other files.
Oh, oh, Anna, you look as if you are remembering something.
FRIEDA I am.
MANN What is it, Anna? Help me.
FRIEDA Oh, I'm trying... mmm... Heinrich... the clockmaker... twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse... murder... time...
It dawns on her.
The clock. We must stop the clock.
MANN The clock, which clock?
FRIEDA slowly looks skyward and, when MANN follows her eyes, she points heavenward.
This place has a tower with a great clock in it.
FRIEDA And who does time belong to?
MANN The people.
FRIEDA And we're the people.
= MANN And we're the people.
MANN grabs FRIEDA's hand and they dash out of the file room.
MANN (off) Quick, we must find the stairs.
scene XII here
ADOLPHUS enters with MANN following him. MANN is in his coat and hat and carries a wrapped package big enough to hold one of his clocks.
ADOLPHUS Do I know you?
MANN I don't believe we've ever met.
ADOLPHUS I don't believe we have. I'd remember someone like you.
MANN I make an impression.
ADOLPHUS On second thought, I wouldn't remember someone like you at all.
MANN Charming.
ADOLPHUS What business do I have with you?
MANN You have no business with me.
ADOLPHUS No business, but you come knocking at my door, package in hand.
MANN I have business with your wife, Frieda.
ADOLPHUS What kind of business do you have with my wife Frieda?
MANN She is my friend.
ADOLPHUS My wife has no friends.
MANN She does now.
ADOLPHUS Well, well, well, my wife now has one friend. A little man with a box. A man whom she has business with.
MANN Yes.
ADOLPHUS Do you have the right Frieda?
MANN Frieda Mannheim.
ADOLPHUS Hmm.
MANN Wife of Adolphus Mannheim.
ADOLPHUS Perhaps you do have the right Frieda. My Frieda.
MANN I don't doubt that.
ADOLPHUS Oh, what do you doubt?
MANN I doubt your love for her.
AD | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.521071 | -0.462666 | -0.992207 | -0.738032 |
OLPHUS Little, little man, let me tell you that I am not the kind of man to be spoken to like that.
MANN What kind of man are you?
ADOLPHUS The kind that will punch your eyes shut for even glancing at my wife. The kind that will shatter your kneecaps for chasing after my wife, even to return something she's dropped. The kind that will rip your arms off at the sockets for touching my wife while handing her the change.
MANN I believe that. I do. I've seen the proof. I know what you did with your belt.
ADOLPHUS moves to strike MANN.
Stop. Stop. You're right. I am talking out of my realm. I don't know you. I barely know your wife. But let me tell you that from what I know of her, I don't believe she deserves to be treated the way you treat her. You loved her once. There was a time when you would have never allowed harm to come to her. Well, what has happened? Is love so weak and fading after all? Is it just a word, as some suspect? You'd have to tell me, because I've never been in love. Well, not the kind like yours, that was, is, reciprocated...
ADOLPHUS The point, little man, spit it out.
MANN I've come to remind you of your promise to your wife. To remind you of your love for her—whatever may be left of it. To reward you if you succeed. Or, to punish you if you fail.
ADOLPHUS You're here to teach me a lesson?
MANN Yes, a profound lesson.
ADOLPHUS This is very interesting. Very interesting.
MANN I imagine it is.
ADOLPHUS Well, then, go ahead. Teach away.
MANN prepares himself and then goes over and places his package on the table. ADOLPHUS is curious but wary. He is even amused.
This is for me?
MANN Only and especially for you.
At this moment, FRIEDA enters.
FRIEDA Adolphus?
When she sees MANN and ADOLPHUS in the same room together, she stops in her tracks. Then, she notices the package on the table.
ADOLPHUS The very woman we are speaking of, my new friend and I.
FRIEDA Heinrich.
ADOLPHUS Heinrich, is it?
FRIEDA You two are friends?
ADOLPHUS Any friend of my wife is a friend of mine. We were just getting acquainted.
FRIEDA I see.
ADOLPHUS It's lovely meeting your wife's friends. Especially the ones you didn't know she had.
FRIEDA We're not friends.
ADOLPHUS Oh no? Heinrich here says you're friends. And you say you aren't friends. Which is it?
FRIEDA We aren't friends.
MANN Frieda...
FRIEDA We aren't friends.
ADOLPHUS I don't believe you.
FRIEDA You must believe me, Adolphus. You must.
ADOLPHUS How can I? How can I? He comes in here knowing a lot about us. He comes in here with that. He comes in here saying he's going to teach me a lesson.
FRIEDA Heinrich, why didn't you wait for me? You said tomorrow at noon.
MANN I finished early. The missing ingredients arrived just after you left.
FRIEDA You should have waited. You shouldn't have come here—
MANN I wanted to surprise you, surprise your husband.
FRIEDA I was going to come and get it myself.
ADOLPHUS Why? Why get it yourself?
MANN So she could bring it home to you.
ADOLPHUS Oh, isn't that nice of her? So you wanted to teach your Adolphus a lesson yourself, did you?
FRIEDA No, Adolphus, I wanted to throw it in the river.
MANN You wanted to—
FRIEDA Throw it in the river, Adolphus, throw it in the river.
MANN You can' | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.341745 | -0.857517 | -1.555503 | -1.279043 |
t throw it in the river. It's my masterpiece.
FRIEDA Don't listen to him; he's just a lonely clockmaker.
ADOLPHUS You and the clockmaker, I see. Right under my nose.
FRIEDA Nothing happened, Adolphus, nothing. That's the absolute truth.
ADOLPHUS That's exactly what you would say if you were lying.
FRIEDA I'm telling you the truth.
ADOLPHUS Then tell me this. How does the lonely clockmaker know about you and my belt?
FRIEDA I... I...
ADOLPHUS I... I.... Clockmaker, how do you know about my wife and my belt? How?
MANN She showed me her thighs.
ADOLPHUS She showed you her thighs. You pulled up your skirts for this, this? What is that? What is that, Frieda?
FRIEDA lowers her head.
FRIEDA Disgraceful.
ADOLPHUS backhands FRIEDA across the face. She goes sprawling. MANN jumps in to try to intervene and is punched in the stomach and kneed in the face. He is sent down on all fours, dazed and barely able to breathe.
ADOLPHUS Look what you've done, clockmaker. You've made me break my promise.
ADOLPHUS punches MANN again in the face before he can rise. ADOLPHUS turns to FRIEDA, who is trying to regain her feet. He kicks her hard in the face; she falls, nearly unconscious from the blow. He stands over her and she looks up at him.
FRIEDA (whispers) Disgraceful.
ADOLPHUS Don't say that.
She spits in his face.
FRIEDA Disgraceful. Disgraceful...
ADOLPHUS straddles FRIEDA and strangles her with all his might.
ADOLPHUS Stop saying that... stop saying that...
ADOLPHUS strangles FRIEDA until she stops moving. He finally lets go of her and moves over to MANN, who is struggling to rise. ADOLPHUS grabs him by the back of the neck and drags him up to his feet, face to face with himself.
I promised and look what you've done. You made Adolphus break his promise.
MANN Adolphus broke his own promise.
ADOLPHUS No, it was you. It was you.
ADOLPHUS's hands close around MANN's throat and he slowly squeezes the life out of him. ADOLPHUS slumps down to the floor with MANN and then lets him drop the rest of the way, dead. ADOLPHUS howls with rage until he's out of breath and gasping. He breathes heavily, trying to recover himself, wiping his mouth and face. He slumps into one of the chairs by the table, then sees the clockmaker's package atop it. He stands and begins unwrapping the package. Finally there is just a box, which he opens. He stares inside, then lifts out a magnificent clock, glittering green and brown and silver. He looks at the clock at arm's length, then hangs it on the wall. He winds the clock and sets the time to nearly noon. The clock can be heard, ticking quietly; but, under that ticking, rising steadily louder, is the beat of a larger timepiece. ADOLPHUS stands face to face with that beat.
scene XIII there
There is a bright flash of light, electricity, stars, and then darkness, and all ticking stops. Time stops. There is silence and darkness. Then, there are voices.
FRIEDA Heinrich?
MANN Yes, Anna?
FRIEDA I think you did it. You stopped time.
MANN Yes, Anna, I believe I did.
FRIEDA Heinrich?
MANN Yes, Anna?
FRIEDA What do we do now?
MANN Um...
A dim light has begun to rise, and MANN and FRIEDA are found lying on the floor, by a large lever rising out | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.108417 | -0.628782 | -1.379768 | -1.46498 |
of the floor. The lever has a brass sign hanging from it on brass chains. Illuminated, too, in a separate-coloured light, is ADOLPHUS, standing frozen in time in front of MANN's cuckoo clock. Behind that is the backwards glow of a huge clock face—the stopped clock at the top of the tower. The time is a fraction of a minute from noon. FRIEDA moves slowly towards the frozen ADOLPHUS.
Careful.
FRIEDA I don't think he's really here.
MANN Then how can we see him?
FRIEDA Why can't he see us?
She stops short of touching ADOLPHUS, who cannot see or hear her, or even move, as he is frozen in time in another dimension.
He killed us. He strangled us with his hands.
MANN How is that possible?
FRIEDA It shouldn't be. We're here, you and I, we're real, we remember.
MANN I think I know what this place is. I think I know where we are.
Behind them, Monsieur PIERRE has arrived.
FRIEDA Heinrich.
FRIEDA moves to shelter behind MANN.
MANN Pierre.
PIERRE Monsieur Pierre.
MANN You have some explaining to do.
PIERRE In that, Herr Mann, you are the most correct you've ever been in your life. And your death, if I might add. So you've done it. Stopped time. Quite remarkable. You are, I can fairly say, the second-best clockmaker that has ever been. How did you manage it?
MANN There's a great switch with a brass sign hanging from it, on which is engraved, "Be warned, throwing this switch will stop time. Seriously."
PIERRE Never let it be said that He doesn't have a sense of humour.
FRIEDA He?
MANN The greatest clockmaker. Then you're not He at all. You're just some petty bureaucrat.
PIERRE We're all petty compared to Him. But some of us are pettier than others.
MANN Gloating, really?
FRIEDA This is what comes after? Which of the two "comes after" is this?
PIERRE The good "comes after."
MANN What's so good about it?
PIERRE Let me assure you that the other place is infinitely worse.
MANN But no one can remember anything.
PIERRE What did you think it would be like?
MANN Weren't there supposed to be choirs? Chubby little winged three year olds? And three chairs for the three... of Him to sit on?
PIERRE Come now, really, is that really what you imagined? Everyone draped in white sheets lounging on cloud furniture?
FRIEDA Oh, weren't we to be reunited with our lost loved ones in eternity? Our lost parents and friends and grandparents?
PIERRE What if your grandparents don't want to be old for eternity? Perhaps they want to be eight? Or twenty? You want to be reunited with your childhood dog, but your childhood dog wants to run wild in the forests. Some want to sit at dinner with famous philosophers, artists, and generals, but this would be an awful demand on their time, as most everybody wants to dine with the illustrious. Still others want to be joined with seventy-two virgins, but that isn't so good for the virgins, is it?
FRIEDA So what do we get instead?
PIERRE You get peace: neither anger nor fear, glory nor ecstasy. Just peace.
MANN Without memory?
Esther Purves-Smith, Tyrell Crews, and Christian Goutsis
photo by Trudie Lee
PIERRE Nothing destroys peace faster than remembering. You should know this by now. Here, without memory, without thought—the absence of everything—you're granted some moment from your life that you may not have even been fully aware of. Some place of quiet. If it's standing around a back door smoking, then that is it. If | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 0.951725 | -0.176504 | -0.857043 | -0.516955 |
it's leaning over one's beloved clocks and thinking of nothing, then that is it.
MANN But I only did that because there was nothing else.
PIERRE Nothing else, truly, was that all there was? In your whole life, there was nothing else? I think you lacked imagination.
FRIEDA One perfect moment in time with no pain, no worry, no anything. Like sheltering under a tree, smelling the rain and fresh bread.
PIERRE Yes, Frieda, just like that.
MANN It's Anna.
FRIEDA perceptibly wilts as if a great invisible thumb has begun to push her into the ground. Her innocence dissolves under this weight, and it seems to age her in only a few short moments. She sits down.
FRIEDA Oh. I remember now. I remember everything.
PIERRE Heavy, isn't it? Don't worry, Frieda, it won't be long now.
MANN She remembers now. You can't make her forget.
PIERRE I won't make her do anything. But she'll forget just the same.
MANN So she can know nothing, not even her own name, for the rest of time? That isn't peace, that's just oblivion. What kind of eternity is that, remembering nothing?
PIERRE There are so many things you've already forgotten in your life already; what makes you think the rest will make any difference?
MANN It does make a difference. She makes a difference.
PIERRE This is the way it is.
MANN If I can't remember Frieda, I want to remember everything. Everything—all the fear, and pain, and the angry futility of it all. I want that, then. That's what I want.
PIERRE That is the other place.
MANN I'll remember everything forever?
PIERRE Forever. Cursed forever to remember. Please, don't make the mistake of underestimating my use of the word cursed. It truly is suffering.
MANN We'll take it. If that's the only way to remember, then we'll do it together.
FRIEDA Heinrich. Heinrich. I can't. I'm sorry.
FRIEDA moves away from MANN, slowly letting go of his hand.
MANN But, Frieda... you and me, down by the river?
FRIEDA Even for that, I can't. Even for you. So much pain. So much hate. So little else I can remember. It's just too much. I'm so sorry.
She is ashamed of her choice, but she is compelled. She looks to PIERRE.
Can you help me forget again?
PIERRE It would be my pleasure. Had it not been for Herr Mann, you would never have remembered at all.
MANN But I remembered. You can't make us all forget. I remembered. Heinrich Mann, clockmaker, twenty-one and a half Volkstrasse.
PIERRE Do you remember my story of the baker and his black valise?
MANN He blew all those seaside travellers into an array of little mismatched pieces.
PIERRE But there was a period of time when the black valise was tucked in its hiding place under the seat on the train. There was a period of time before the black valise exploded and when the baker was already dead from his fall in the ditch. Not even a whole hour. Forty-two minutes, to be exact. So for those forty-two minutes, the baker was dead and beyond, and quite innocent of killing anybody. But he was only innocent, remember, until his bomb went off. How long do you think that forty-two minutes lasted up here? How long do you think a blink of an eye down there lasts up here? You remember, because the clock on your bomb is still ticking. You're still innocent until the countdown ends, but when it does, well, you're guilty, and you'll have to go—
MANN All the way downstairs.
PIERRE You'll get to remember Frieda all you like.
MANN Well, then, there's nothing to do but turn the clock back on.
PIERRE We are holding everybody up.
MANN looks at his hands and | [
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prepares himself. He then looks to FRIEDA and PIERRE, and moves to the switch. He grasps the lever with both hands, braces himself, looks at ADOLPHUS, still frozen in front of his clock, and then looks at FRIEDA.
MANN I'm sorry, Frieda, time belongs to the people.
MANN flips the switch; the lights dim, then brighten, and the clocks begin again. The ticking can be heard throughout the room. FRIEDA and MANN stand back from ADOLPHUS, whose light is now much brighter. ADOLPHUS can move again. He turns away from the clock, which strikes the hour and begins to chime twelve bells. ADOLPHUS turns back, face to face with the clock. Finally, as the last bell chimes, the cuckoo pops out with a puff of white smoke, which hits ADOLPHUS squarely in the face. The cuckoo is a tiny, finely carved and painted FRIEDA. There is the sound of rain falling. As ADOLPHUS is taken aback. He wipes his face, slightly alarmed, and then it dawns on him what the smell is... the smell of rain and fresh-baked bread—the smell of his wife.
ADOLPHUS Bread... and rain... Frieda. Oh, my Frieda, what have I done? What have I done?
ADOLPHUS is crushed by the thought of what he had and lost. The clock is through its twelve chimes, and now the little carved FRIEDA retreats inside the clock.
Oh, Frieda, come back...
He touches the clock as if it were FRIEDA, then winds it back to try to make the little cuckoo come out. It pops out and does its thing. As soon as it retreats, he rewinds the clock backwards again.
Please come back.... Please, Frieda, come back...
He continues trying to make time go backwards. One has the impression that ADOLPHUS is going to try to make little FRIEDA come back for the rest of a very long life.
Dear God, let her come back, I beg of you. Give me back my angel.
The light fades on ADOLPHUS. MANN, FRIEDA, and PIERRE are stunned. FRIEDA crosses over to MANN. She caresses his face and smoothes his hair.
FRIEDA Heinrich? You never planned to kill my husband at all, did you?
MANN No. You left your sweater in my shop. I used it to make your scent for the clock. Your sweater and about three hundred loaves of bread.
FRIEDA You did it to remind him of his love for me. So he wouldn't hurt me anymore.
MANN A clock that did one small but very important thing, that made all the difference in the world to one person.
FRIEDA You are the greatest clockmaker that's ever been. Never mind that other one. Never mind Him.
FRIEDA takes his hands and gives him a kiss, sweetly, on the lips. She turns to PIERRE.
I'm ready.
PIERRE You remember your way back to the tree?
FRIEDA nods.
Return there, close your eyes, and smell. You'll find your peace and you won't remember any of this ever again.
FRIEDA moves off.
MANN Frieda.
FRIEDA looks back at MANN one more time.
You've given me the time of my life.
FRIEDA Oh, Heinrich, the time of our lives was always up to us.
She exits. PIERRE and MANN face each other.
PIERRE Well, this is awkward. Herr Mann, Heinrich, I believe I owe you an apology.
MANN Monsieur Pierre.
PIERRE Herr Mann. I am authorized to offer you your choice as compensation. What will it be?
MANN shakes PIERRE's hand sincerely.
MANN My father used to have a saying, he'd say, "My boy, my little clockmaker, if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is."
MANN pats P | [
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IERRE affectionately on his arm and releases his hand.
PIERRE Close your eyes. And try to relax.
MANN looks up and closes his eyes.
Are you relaxed? Good.
Pause.
Let it be done.
Everything fades.
epilogue – eternity
Monsieur PIERRE watches the following. MANN sits working away at a clock, wearing his large eyepiece. He works in an attentive but absent way, free of thought, peaceful. He carefully mixes paints or works quietly with his chisel. There is nothing frantic about his movements; they are automatic. It is the way it has always been for MANN, the way it always will be. When it seems like this is what forever will be like for MANN, a door chime rings. He looks up from his work to see FRIEDA standing in the shop doorway.
FRIEDA Quite the downpour. Quite the downpour. Quite the downpour.
PIERRE Well, well, well. Eternity begins.
A typewriter, somewhere off in the dark, types out—for the record—"Well, well, well, eternity begins." PIERRE looks at MANN's open file, sees that everything is in order, and so, closes the file.
The end.
Thanks and Acknowledgements
The Clockmaker was developed with the assistance of Alberta Theatre Projects, Urban Stages, and the Banff Playwrights Colony—a partnership between the Canada Council for the Arts, the Banff Centre, and Alberta Theatre Projects.
Thank you to the actors and directors who lent their talents to the play during its development: Vanessa Holmes, Kevin James, Kira Bradley, Trevor Leigh, David Beazely, Tyrell Crews, Tracey Ferencz, Paul Rainville, Brian Dooley, Lucas Myers, David McIllwraith, Rylan Wilkie, Dina Epshteyn, Erin Moon, David Barlow, Tom Cleary, Drew Battles, Christian Goutsis, David Keeley, and Esther Purves-Smith.
My sincere admiration and appreciation go to Bob White, Vicki Stroich, Dianne Goodman, Charles Northcote, and Jason Filiatrault for their devotion and support.
Thank you, finally, to Jayne Collins for the address and the quote, and to George Farough for being my stepdad.
Stephen Massicotte
photo by Grant Harvey
Stephen's award-winning plays Looking After Eden, Pervert, and The Boy's Own Jedi Handbook series originated at Calgary's Ground Zero Theatre. In 2002, his play, Mary's Wedding, premiered at Alberta Theatre Projects' playRites Festival and won the 2000 Alberta Playwriting Competition, the 2002 Betty Mitchell Award for Best New Play, and the 2003 Alberta Literary Award for Drama. Mary's Wedding continues to be produced throughout the US, Canada, and the UK. In 2006, The Oxford Roof Climber's Rebellion was produced as a co-production between the Tarragon Theatre and the Great Canadian Theatre Company, and was a hit off-Broadway in 2007. The play won the 2007 Canadian Author's Association Carol Bolt Award for the best english-language play and the 2007 Gwen Paris Ringwood Award of the Alberta Literary Awards for best play. Stephen's film-writing credits include Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning and The Dark. He has a BFA in Drama from the University of Calgary. For more info, go to www.stephenmassicotte.com.
Also by Stephen Massicotte:
Mary's Wedding
The Oxford Roof Climber's Rebellion
The Clockmaker © Copyright 2009 Stephen Massicotte
Playwrights Canada Press
The Canadian Drama Publisher
215 Spadina Ave., Suite 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2C7
phone 416.703.0013 fax 416.408.34 | [
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] | 1,024 | Book | 1.283206 | -0.902615 | -0.66741 | -0.420192 |
學院別 > 成功大學 > 工學院 > 機械工程學系碩士在職專班
論文名稱(中文) 鈷基超合金Haynes 188在不同溫度下之動態撞擊行為分析
論文名稱(英文) Dynaimc Impact Behavior of Haynes188 Cobalt Super Alloy under Various Temperatures
系所名稱(中) 機械工程學系專班
系所名稱(英) Department of Mechanical Engineering (on the job class)
研究生(中文) 高豪謙
研究生(英文) Hao-Chien Kao
口試委員 指導教授-李偉賢
口試委員-王俊志
口試委員-黃永茂
中文關鍵字 霍普金森桿 Haynes 188超合金 應變速率 差排
英文關鍵字 Split Hopkinson bar Haynes 188 superalloy strain rate dislocation
中文摘要 本研究利用霍普金森高速撞擊試驗機,研究鈷基Haynes 188 超合金在不同溫度及應變速率之撞擊特性與微觀結構,測試時試片溫度分別設定在25℃、400℃和800℃,而應變速率則為103 s-1、3×103 s-1和5×103 s-1,以探討溫度及應變速率在塑變行為及微觀結構上之效應;同時利用SEM及TEM進行微觀結構的觀察,以解析巨觀特性與微觀結構兩者間之關連性。實驗結果顯示,溫度與應變速率對Haynes 188超合金的機械性質影響甚鉅。在相同溫度條件下,其塑流應力值、加工硬化率與應變速率敏感性係數均會隨應變速率之增加而上升,但熱活化體積會變小。在相同應變速率條件下,其塑流應力值、加工硬化率與應變速率敏感性係數則會隨溫度之增加而下降,不過熱活化體積會變大。另外,藉由Zerilli-Armstrong構成方程式,可精確的描述Haynes 188超合金的塑性變形行為。由掃描式電子顯微鏡得知其破壞模式,會沿著最大剪應力方向同時發生 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.433855 | 0.41853 | -1.419218 | -0.914304 |
延性剪切破壞;另由穿透式電子顯微鏡之微觀結構分析,可清楚的觀察到差排密度會隨著應變速率上升而增加,但隨著溫度的上升而減少。而差排密度與塑變應力間之關係可藉由Bailey-Hirsch type關係式來定量描述,材料強度的上升主要歸因於高速變形下,差排増值速率的提升。
英文摘要 This study uses a split-Hopkinson bar to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of Haynes 188 super alloy at the strain rates of 1000 s-1, 3000 s-1 and 5000 s-1 and the temperatures of 25℃, 400℃and 800℃, respectively. Based on the experimental results and microscopic observations, the correlations between mechanical properties and microstructure are established. The experimental results indicate that the effects of temperature and strain rate on mechanical properties of Haynes 188 super alloy are significant. At constant temperature, the flow stress, work hardening rate and strain rate sensitivity increase with increasing strain rate, but the activation volume decreases. For a constant strain rate, the flow stress, work hardening rate and strain rate sensitivity decrease with increasing temperature, but the activation volume increases. Besides, the Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive equation can be used to describe the plastic deformation of Haynes 188 super alloy precisely. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic observations show that the fracture features are characterized by ductile shear fracture and that knobbly structure form with respect to the direction of maximum shear stress. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that the dislocation density increases with increasing strain rate, but decreases with increasing temperature. The relationship between the dislocation density and flow stress can be described by the Bailey-Hirsch type relation. The strengthening effect can be attributed by the napid multiplication of dislocations.
論文目次 中文摘要....................I
ABSTRACT..................II
誌謝......................III
總目錄.....................IV
表目錄.....................VII
圖目錄.....................VIII
符號說明....................XIV
第一章 前言..................1
第二章 理論與文獻回顧..........3
2-1 鈷基合金之介紹............3
2-2 Haynes 188之介紹.........4
2-3 塑性變形之機械測試類別......5
2-4 一維波傳理論..............7
2-5 霍普金森桿原理 ............8
2-6 材料塑性變形行為之特性......11
2-7 材料構成方程式............14
第三章 實驗方法與步驟..........24
3-1 實驗流程.................24
3-2 實驗儀器與設備............24
3-2-1 動態機械性質測試系統:霍普金森動態撞擊試驗機......24
3-2-2 加熱裝置...............26
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.965162 | 1.002533 | -0.406047 | -0.095751 |
2-3 雙噴射式電解拋光機.......26
3-2-4 低速切割機..............26
3-2-5 光學顯微鏡(OM).........27
3-2-6 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)...27
3-2-7 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)...27
3-3 實驗步驟..................28
3-3-1 實驗材料試件製備..........28
3-3-2 動態撞擊實驗 .............28
3-3-3 OM金相觀察..............30
3-3-4 SEM破斷面之觀察...........30
3-3-5 TEM試片製備..............30
第四章 實驗結果與討論............35
4-1 應力-應變曲線...............35
4-2 加工硬化率..................36
4-3 應變速率敏感性係數...........38
4-4 熱活化體積..................39
4-5 活化能.....................41
4-6 溫度敏感性係數...............42
4-7 理論溫升量..................43
4-8 材料構成方程式...............45
4-9 OM金相組織觀察...............46
4-10 SEM破壞形貌分析.............46
4-11 TEM差排結構特徵.............46
第五章 結論......................99
參考文獻 .......................101
參考文獻 1. H. International, "Haynes 188 Alloy", in High-Performance High-Temperature Alloys. p. 1-16.
2. H. Kolsky, "An investigation of the mechanical properties of materials at very high rates of loading". Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B, 1949. 62: p. 676.
3. F. E. Hauser, "Techniques for measuring stress-strain relations at high strain rates". Experimental Mechanics, 1966. 6(8): p. 395-402.
4. D. Steinberg, S. Cochran and M. Guinan, "A constitutive model for metals applicable at high‐strain rate". Journal of Applied Physics, 1980. 51(3): p. 1498-1504.
5. J. Klepaczko, "Discussion of microstructural effects and their modelling at high rates of strain". 1989: p. 283-298.
6. L. Chen, P. Liaw, Y. He, M. Benson, J. Blust, P. Browning, R. Seeley and D. Klarstrom, "Tensile hold low-cycle fatigue behavior of cobalt-based Haynes 188 superalloy". Scripta materialia, 2001. 44(6): p. 859-865.
7. J. R. Davis, "Nickel, cobalt, and their alloys". Vol. 8. 2000: Asm Intl. 362-370
8. D. Klarstrom, "Wrought cobalt-base | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.882291 | 1.464545 | 1.396142 | 0.339999 |
Affilliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract: Certain major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) alleles are associated with spontaneous control of viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). These cases of "elite" control of HIV/SIV replication are often immune-mediated, thereby providing a framework for studying anti-lentiviral immunity. Here we examined how vaccination impacts SIV replication in RMs expressing the MHC-I allele Mamu-B*17. Approximately 21% of Mamu-B*17+ and 50% of Mamu-B*08+ RMs control chronic phase viremia after SIVmac239 infection. Because CD8+ T-cells targeting Mamu-B*08-restricted SIV epitopes have been implicated in virologic suppression in Mamu-B*08+ RMs, we investigated whether this might also be true for Mamu-B*17+ RMs. Two groups of Mamu-B*17+ RMs were vaccinated with genes encoding Mamu-B*17-restricted epitopes in Vif and Nef. These genes were delivered by themselves (Group 1) or together with env (Group 2). Group 3 included MHC-I-matched RMs and served as the control group. Surprisingly, the Group 1 vaccine regimen had little effect on viral replication compared to Group 3, suggesting that, unlike Mamu-B*08+ RMs, pre-existing SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells alone do not facilitate long term virologic suppression in Mamu-B*17+ RMs. Remarkably, however, 5/8 Group 2 vaccinees controlled viremia to <15 viral RNA copies/mL soon after infection. No serological neutralizing activity against SIVmac239 was detected in Group 2, although vaccine-elicited gp140-binding antibodies correlated inversely with nadir viral loads. Collectively, these data shed new light into the unique mechanism of elite control in Mamu-B*17+ RMs and implicate vaccine-induced, non-neutralizing anti-Env antibodies in the containment of immunodeficiency virus infection.
Citation: MARTINS, Mauricio A. et al. Mamu-B*17+ rhesus macaques vaccinated 1 with env, vif, and nef manifest early control of SIVmac239 replication. J. Virol., p. 1-72, 6 June 2018.
Description: AUTHORS - Mauricio A. Martins1*, Damien C. Tully2, Núria Pedreño-Lopez1, Benjamin von Bredow3, Matthias G. Pauthner4, Young C. Shin1, Maoli Yuan5, Noemia S. Lima6, David J. Bean2 , Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto1, Aline Domingues1, Martin J. Gutman1, Helen S. Maxwell1, Diogo M. Magnani1, Michael J. Ricciardi1, Varian K. Bailey1, John D. Altman7, Dennis R. Burton2,4, Keisuke Ejima8, David B. Allison8, David T. Evans3,9, Eva G. Rakasz9, Christopher L. Parks5, Myrna C. Bonaldo6, Saverio Capuano III9, Jeffrey D. Lifson10, Ronald C. Desrosiers1, Todd M. Allen2 , David I. Watkins1 - AFFILIATIONS - 1 Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.184007 | 1.355531 | 1.008806 | 0.666337 |
What's New: New Tools for Schools
Software & online
(www.adobe.com)
Adobe has unveiled their newest cloud offering, Adobe Document Cloud, offering a new way to manage critical documents for educational institutions across devices. At the heart of the Document Cloud is the new Adobe Acrobat Pro DC, a PDF solution that features a touch-enabled interface and supporting mobile apps. The combination of Acrobat desktop software, the new Acrobat DC mobile app, and Document Cloud services lets users create, edit, sign, and track PDFs in any location and from any device.
(www.aleks.com)
McGraw-Hill Education has announced a re-engineered, tablet-friendly interface for ALEKS (Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces), an adaptive learning system that provides an individualized learning experience for K-20 students based on their strengths and weaknesses. The student experience has been redesigned based on a deep understanding of five distinctive student archetypes, categorized by varying degrees of learning confidence and social behavioral patterns. The result is a tailormade learning experience for each student, designed so they can accelerate through course materials and retain knowledge in math and science at a much higher level.
AMPLIFY GAMES
(www.amplify.com)
Amplify is now offering 30 educational games, available as part of its digital curriculum products or for sale separately. The games, currently available for iOS devices, are designed to help middle school students achieve core educational goals in English Language Arts and STEM. Players explore a vast game world, which includes a virtual library, through new activities that arrive over the course of the school year.
BRIDG-IT SCHOOL
(www.bridgit.com)
Bridg-it has launched Bridg-it School, an online school safety solution that addresses the full lifecycle of an incident, from reporting through resolution. Bridg-it School also features a Resource Center of curated content with restorative techniques that foster positive outcomes. Available via computer, tablet, or smartphone, Bridg-it School allows students, teachers, parents, and administrators to securely file a confidential report in less than one minute. The solution immediately alerts the appropriate stakeholders when a report is filed, and also provides educators with aggregated data about a school's behavioral climate and trends in real time.
(www.mheonline.com)
McGraw-Hill Education recently launched a new version of Building Blocks, a supplemental math program that uses personalized lessons and research-based learning paths to improve student math skills through games and adaptive learning technology. The new version includes 50 percent more games, increased support through Grade 8 based on CCSS, and iPad accessibility. Building Blocks tailors instruction based on each student's unique understanding and learning trajectory. Students play a series of games based on their abilities or as assigned by the teacher, and progress automatically through the program once they master each math concept.
CANVAS LMS AND POWERSCHOOL
(www.instructure.com)
Instructure, the creator of the Canvas LMS for K-12, has partnered with Pearson to integrate Canvas with Pearson's PowerSchool student information system. The agreement will save teachers from duplicate data entry between the two systems. PowerSchool helps educators make timely decisions that impact student performance while creating a collaborative environment for parents, teachers, and students to work together. The two-way integration between the systems also allows for schools to easily provision a Canvas account using the information they already have stored in PowerSchool.
CHALKABLE
(www.chalkable.com)
STI, a provider of education data management, student achievement, and professional learning solutions for K-12, recently rebranded as Chalkable. Chalkable offers a comprehensive student achievement solution that facilitates collaboration, access to information and personalized learning. Requiring only a single point of data entry, Chalkable lets teachers easily manage day-to-day tasks, differentiate instruction, and keep track of which students need help and which ones need a challenge. Students benefit through integrated communication tools and opportunities to self-help and personalize their own learning.
CHALK PRESCHOOL ONLINE
(www.chalkpreschoolonline.com)
CHALK Preschool Online is a new, Netflixstyle entertainment and educational platform for children ages 18 months to 7 years. CHAL | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.012641 | -0.37539 | 0.481598 | 1.508745 |
K Preschool Online offers over 800 original entertainment and learning videos, broken down into three main categories: Daily Lessons, CHALKUTAINMENT, and Hands-On Activities. Specialized programming includes two original 30-minute series, "CHALK-Lets" and "What Do I Want To Be When I Grow Up," hosted by Wyatt Oleff (Guardians of the Galaxy), who interviews people like Master Lego builder David Howard.
CK-12 PHYSICS SIMULATIONS
(www.interactives.ck12.org)
The CK-12 Foundation recently launched a new simulations module, designed to increase student engagement for the free, CK-12 STEM platform. CK-12 designed the new physics simulations (sims) to help students learn key concepts by relating them to real world examples. Examples include "stadium wave", a simulation of fans in a stadium to learn about wave speed and wave interference, and "prom night", a simulation of a student seeing themselves dressed up for prom in front a full length mirror to learn about plane mirrors and the law of reflection. The simulations work on all computers and tablets (in html5) as well as in 1:1 learning environments. The company plans to continue building additional simulations for other STEM subjects.
COMPUTING FOR EDUCATIONCITY
(www.edmentum.com)
Edmentum has announced computing as a new subject available in EducationCity, a foundational learning program for grades pre-K through 6. The new subject offers an introduction to computer science, digital literacy, and information technology through interactive content. The new subject focuses on three critical areas: digital literacy, computer science, and information technology. EducationCity provides teaching resources and student activities for language arts, math, science, computing, and ESL.
CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES RESEARCH ON CCSS
(http://www.curriculumassociates.com/products/ready-most-challenging-commoncore-standards-overview.aspx)
Curriculum Associates recently conducted research using data from more than 750,000 students to identify the reading and math Common Core State Standards that students find the most challenging. These standards, as well as free instructional resources specifically targeted to them, are now available on Curriculum Associates' new microsite that helps educators address difficult areas as they teach to the rigor of the CCSS.
EDUZONE EDUCATION COMMUNITY PLATFORM
(www.aegisidentity.com/identity-software)
Aegis Identity Software, Inc. has created an educational community platform that offers a place for educators, students, parents, and administrators to securely discover and access district-approved educational resources. The platform protects students by only allowing access to student information for approved educational purposes by approved people within approved systems. Additionally, the platform enables Single Sign On (SSO) for improved teacher effectiveness
(www.filewave.com)
Engage is a classroom management system that provides modern management for the classroom by seamlessly connecting today's teachers and learners. Teachers can take control of their lessons by directing students' attention, encouraging student interaction, and adjusting instruction based on student needs, all from an easy to use interface. The system can be integrated and synchronized with existing systems. Additionally, Engage enables teachers to centralize course content and present it to students in a week-by-week, planner view.
FUEL EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOL COURSES
(www.getfueled.com)
Fuel Education has added 70 new high school courses to its online catalog for the 2015-2016 school year. The FuelEd Online Courses high school curriculum now includes over 230 courses, including more than 75 electives and 35 world language courses. Most courses are delivered with Spanish translation, text to speech, and dictionary support. The courses are designed to be used in class, at home, in a blended program, or in a fully online environment. They are available in several levels: Core, Comprehensive, Honors, AP, and even Remediation and Credit Recovery for students who need extra help.
GALE ARTEMIS: PRIMARY SOURCES
(www.learn.cengage.com/mindtapingegration)
Gale is integrating Gale Artemis: Primary Sources into Cengage Learning's Mind | [
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Tap e-learning platform. Institutions that use MindTap and Gale library resources, specifically Gale Digital Collections, can now link the two through the MindTap platform. Instructors using MindTap can select specific primary source documents from Gale Artemis: Primary Sources, Gale's primary sources crosssearch interface, and link them directly to syllabi readings, quizzes, research projects, classroom discussions, or other activities. Through MindTap, students can access Gale Artemis: Primary Sources at the document level, but they can then perform additional research through the platform alongside their coursework. Students benefit from easy access to materials through a single interface.
HIVEMANAGER NG
(www.aerohive.com)
Aerohive Networks has updated its HiveManager Next Generation (NG) cloud management platform for mobile-first organizations. The update offers easy onboarding, streamlined user experience, and simplified troubleshooting. The combination of HiveManager NG with Aerohive's new 802.11ac access point, the AP130, delivers a complete mobility solution. The platform centralizes the management, provisioning, and monitoring of mobility networks, without sacrificing the distributed intelligence located at the edge of the network within each Aerohive device. With the AP130, organizations can now upgrade their wireless networks to 802.11ac without having to upgrade existing Power over Ethernet (PoE) infrastructure.
ICURIO
(www.knovationlearning.com)
Ross Local School District in Ohio has selected icurio as a key component of its 1:1 Personalized Learning Initiative. Created by Knovation, icurio delivers a library of educator-vetted, standards-aligned Open Educational Resources (OER)covering every grade, subject area, and learner need. The district's 1:1 Personalized Learning Initiative provides every student in grades 5-12 a Chrome-book laptop to promote personalized learning. The district will use icurio to target digital resources and tools for building and delivering personalized instruction. In addition to enabling educators to easily find and deliver the best digital content, icurio also gives educators real-time insights into student understanding and lets them provide personalized feedback at the point of learning.
LEARNTERIA
(www.learnteria.com)
Learnteria is a "Yelp-style" resource for the education community, offering ratings and unbiased information on the resources that educators and parents use every day. Users can add star ratings to resources and search the Web site to find what they need, saving time and money in comparing educational resources.
(www.thefutureinreading.myon.com)
The myON literacy environment for PreK-12 now features four packages of digital content from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH). The Picture Book package features Curious George. Middle Readers package features stories as: Miranda the Great, Pinky Pye, and Yes! She Can. The Award Winners package includes The Bronze Bow, The Midwife's Apprentice, and a variety of Newbery Honor books. The Middle and High School packages feature titles from authors such as Eleanor Estes, Glenn Stout, Gary Paulsen, and Roland Smith. All content on myON has an unlimited building license, which removes the traditional check-in/checkout barrier.
NAIKU PROFESSIONAL LEARNING SERIES
(www.naiku.net/naiku-professionallearning-series)
Naiku has announced its Professional Learning Series, offering monthly webinars that are free for educators and led by trained psychometricians, professors, and other educational experts in a graduate seminar format. The Professional Learning Series informs educators about research-based, technology-enabled assessment practices that help transform and accelerate student learning. Educators gain practical ideas to adopt in their classrooms and schools, and increased confidence in using learnercentric assessment methods, such as self-assessment, goal-setting, student reflection, bi-directional feedback, and adaptive learning resources, to differentiate instruction and personalize learning for all learners in a standards-based environment.
SAMR ONLINE COURSE
(www.atomiclearning.com/samr-training)
Atomic Learning recently added an online course on the SAMR model to its library. Dr. Ruben Puentedura developed the SAMR model, and it stands for Substitution, | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.001433 | -0.01493 | 0.309449 | 1.685828 |
Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition. Each brief video shows what a completed project or idea would look like, and is designed to bridge the gap between technical knowledge and practical application, both for students and for teachers' professional development.
SOTI MOBICONTROL 12.1
(www.soti.net/mobicontrol)
SOTI Inc., a provider of Enterprise Mobility Management (EMM) and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy management, has announced broadened EMM capabilities with the general availability of SOTI MobiControl 12.1. SOTI's MobiControl solution for education is designed to enhance the learning experience while providing IT admins peace-of-mind across all mobile devices deployed. This new version offers a same-day enterprise mobility management solution for devices using Android for Work; support for the latest version of Samsung KNOX; and streamlined deployment of iOS devices. SOTI MobiControl 12.1 provides enhanced manageability and security functionality across a wide range of mobile devices, allowing educators to enhance the total learning experience while students get the most out of a virtual curriculum.
STEM JOBS CLASSROOM TRAINING SERIES
(www.classroomseries.stemjobs.com)
STEM Jobs, Victory Media's K-12 STEM solutions platform, has partnered with leading educators to develop the research-driven STEM Jobs Classroom Training Series. The series, comprised of 34 lessons segmented into five modules, introduces teachers to "7 principles of practice" that will help build classroom environments where all students can feel comfortable and successful at studying STEM. The Classroom Training Series complements the suite of STEM Jobs media and digital tools for high school students, designed to connect classrooms to careers.
STORTRENDS STORAGE ARRAYS
(www.stortrends.com)
StorTrends has optimized support for a complete range of virtual environments, including VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix Xen, and Red Hat RHEV. The result is a suite of storage arrays that offer enterprise-level performance and reliability at an affordable price point. One of the key offerings is StorTrends' iDATA Tool, which automatically identifies an environment's actual storage needs and requirements before a customer makes a purchasing decision. Running quietly in the background of an existing IT environment, the StorTrends iDATA Tool will, after seven days, reports on key metrics including capacity utilization, IOPS usage, reads versus writes for volumes, network bandwidth performance, server statistics, and application information. This helps IT professionals identify the storage requirements needed for optimum operation and eliminates the need to over-provision costly resources.
TEACH FOR GOOGLE
(www.teachforgoogle.com)
Texthelp has announced Teach for Google, a professional development solution that helps educators increase student achievement using proven tools and strategies within the Google Apps for Education environment. Teach for Google offers a library of short, easy-to-implement courses with "How-To" videos, strategy overviews, templates, checklists, and more, designed to help teachers successfully implement effective strategies in the classroom.
THINK THROUGH MATH HIGHER EDUCATION
(www.thinkthroughmath.com)
Think Through Learning, creators of Think Through Math (TTM), recently launched a higher education version of their Web-based math instructional system. The new version supports students who require additional foundational math skills to be ready for college-level mathematics. TTM provides engaging and rigorous adaptive lessons designed to build deep, conceptual understanding of math. Online math teachers are available to support struggling students as they go through the program.
(www.boomwriter.com/wordwriter)
"Trending Words", BoomWriter's newest feature for its interactive vocabulary tool, WordWriter, enables educators to easily create vocabulary lists by selecting from top trending terms used by peers on BoomWriter. Trending Words blends easy-to-use technology and academically impactful tools with social media, where teachers can see what vocabulary words are "trending" for a particular grade, subject matter, or location based on site usage. For Trending Words' first phase, vocabulary terms tagged as ELA-focused will be featured, with other subjects and options to follow.
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mindplay.com)
Literacy publisher MindPlay recently released a new online professional development course for K-12 teachers and parents, offering expert insight on how to identify students who have dyslexia and sharing instructional strategies that help those students learn to read. Understanding Dyslexia is a Web-based program that participants can complete at their own pace using a computer, tablet, or iPad with Internet access. The program includes modules on definition and description of dyslexia, components of assessment, and effective instruction.
AEROHIVE ID MANAGER
Aerohive Networks' ID Manager now has an accompanying iOS app that enables self-service guest and BYOD registration by employees. The intuitive design and automated workflow helps avoid mistakes and reduce help-desk calls to IT. ID Manager is an enterprise access management system that leverages the cloud to simplify and automate the deployment and on-boarding of guest and employee personal devices to the enterprise network.
AUTHOR CONNECT
(www.edmodo.com&www.bublish.com)
Bublish has partnered with Edmodo to create Author Connect, an app designed to reinvigorate the way literature is experienced in classrooms around the world. Offering educators and students a virtual, interactive opportunity, Author Connect lets teachers schedule live, online classroom visits with authors. The discussions take place on Edmodo, where students are able to share their thoughts and ideas with their peers, teachers and the guest authors. The app will be available through the Edmodo Store this fall.
GOODREADER 4.11
(www.goodreader.com)
GoodReader, the PDF reader and file management app for the iPhone and iPad, now offers three-tap access to precomposed signatures, which are stored securely and can optionally be protected by a fingerprint on devices equipped with Touch ID. When a document needs to be signed, the user simply chooses one of the precomposed signatures stored in GoodReader. Additionally, the latest version adds support for Bluetooth-connected foot pedals, ideal for music teachers who use iPads to read sheet music.
QUICK KEY MOBILE ANDROID APP
(www.get.quickkeyapp.com)
Quick Key Mobile now offers an Android version of its mobile scanning app. With a user-friendly interface, the Android app has all the same capabilities as the iOS version. Additionally, the new Quick Key Pro and Pro Website apps have expanded student tracking, created custom student IDs, added a new Quiz Builder that lets users write and print quizzes, and created a way to form teams and share quizzes with other Quick Key Mobile users. The complete Quick Key Mobile solution is free for educators and schools performing occasional assessments.
SKYWARD MOBILE APP
(www.skyward.com)
Skyward has revealed a new framework to its mobile app, launching in June. The revamped app will reduce page loads, increase data capacity, and provide better browse functionality. The company has also introduced its Professional Development Center (PDC), an online university.
The Acer Iconia Tab 10 for Education was designed specifically for the education space and syncs with the Google Education ecosystem. The tablets are equipped with NFC for setup and sharing capabilities; districts can set up a whole classroom of tablets in minutes. It is durable, with a Corning Gorilla Glass 4, full HD 10.1-inch display and a reinforced mechanical design. It features Acer Precision Plus for greater accuracy for writing and sketching. It is powered by an Intel Atom processer, so it delivers solid performance and up to 7.5 hours of battery life. It runs Android 5.0 tablet and will be available in May starting at $299.
The HP Pro Tablet 10 EE is built for the classroom and provides enterprise-grade security with features like HP Client Security that help keep students and their data protected. The HP Pro Tablet 10 EE gives students the same durable body, passive pen, and keyboard dock options as the HP Pro Slate 10 EE with an operating system that supports legacy applications. Enjoy out-of-the-box productivity with the new HP School Pack, a software suite that delivers a unique combination of learning and IT software resources and data, from ebooks and classroom management to onboard IT support.
The Dell Venue 10 5000 (available in either Android 5.0 Lollipop or | [
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Windows 8.1) features a 10.1-inch HD or Full HD display. It allows students to work in five different positions when configured with the optional, attachable, and reversible keyboard. An optional active stylus also provides the pen and paper "inking" experience on a tablet. The Dell Venue 10, based on Android 5.0, is certified with Google Play for Education. It is equipped with Near Field Communication (NFC) so teachers can instantly download content to students by simply bumping devices, making it even easier for every student to seamlessly access digital content.
Surface 3 is the best of a tablet yet works like a laptop. Surface 3 offers offline and online capabilities, a breadth of choice in education content—from Office apps to thousands of education apps in the Windows Store—and the durability and mobility to shuttle between classes, staff meetings, and home. Touch and inking capabilities make Surface 3 ideal for connecting with students and enhancing classroom activities. Built with security and privacy in mind, Surface and Windows provide a consistent, controlled, and protected environment for students' and schools' information.
The Galaxy Tab 4 Education is Samsung's first tablet exclusively developed for K-12 schools. With up to 10 hours of battery life, the Galaxy Tab 4 Education is classroom- and backpack-ready with a bundled protective case, Corning Gorilla Glass, and optional connected keyboard. With a Web-based console, IT administrators can easily manage and update a fleet of devices, freeing up IT resources. The Galaxy Tab 4 Education also includes NFC technology, making it easy to set up devices with just a few taps. Compatible with Google Play for Education, it also provides access to curated educational content searchable by grade, subject, and Common Core Standard.
InFocus Corporation (www.InFocus.com) has released three new 10.1-inch, Windows 8.1 tablets specifically designed for use at home, in school, and at work. The second-generation InFocus Q Tablet series now consists of the INP-120Q for consumers, INP-120Q-ED for use in schools, and INP-120Q-PR for business. Each of the new models features a 10.1-inch display, a version of the Window 8.1 operating system, an Intel Atom 1.8 GHz quad-core processor, 2GB RAM, and dual front and rear-facing cameras. The models also feature network connectivity, USB-A, USB-C 3.0, and an SD card slot. For power and increased productivity similar to a PC, the INP-120Q-PR and INP-120Q-ED run a full version of the Windows 8.1 Pro operating system. The education version is specially priced for school budgets.
Isabella Products, Inc. (https://vizitme.com/aboutfable) has released Fable, a kids-only tablet with a highly durable design and child-friendly features. The browser-free tablet enables teachers and parents to set up student profiles that provide a safe way for interaction and exploration of educational content, so they don't have to worry about security. The company also offers free pilot programs and customized content that aligns with classroom curriculum.
Lumens Integration Inc. (www.mylumens.com) has unveiled the new DC-W50 wireless base for the Ladibug DC125 Flyer HDvisualizer. The DC125 Flyer is designed for use in a one-to-one learning environment. Educators can visually share the teaching material from anywhere in the classroom and onto the students' tablets or laptops with the help of the wireless document camera and base. Students can easily share their work or completed project with their classmates without having to worry about any attached power cords. The DC-W50 wireless base supports 2.4 GHz and 5GHz wireless transmission and HDMI-out transmission simultaneously with a distance of up to 15 meters. When the wireless base is fully charged, it can operate up to six hours.
Peerless-AV (www.peerless-av.com) has announced new additions to its line of SmartMount video carts and stands. Instead of purchasing multiple displays for multiple rooms, users can now order one display and create a mobile solution that is used in numerous locations. In addition, all new Smart | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.194875 | -0.378391 | 0.364142 | 0.648629 |
Mount carts and stands are UL tested and certified. The new line of Peerless- AV SmartMount carts and stands include the SR560M, a flat panel mobile display cart for general viewing capabilities; the SR575M, a flat panel mobile display cart that offers tool-less display height adjustment; the SR598, best for extra large displays; the SS560M/SS560F, stands with (SS560M) and without (SS560F) metal shelf for general display stand applications; and the SS560G stand with gloss finish and glass shelf for residential and office applications.
Steelcase Education (www.steelcase.com) has developed Thread, a carpet-based power distribution system designed to provide PreK-20 learning spaces with power wherever students and educators need it. Thread transforms any carpeted floor throughout a building into a power source. The system uses the building's power source by running power through a thin modular track designed to be seamlessly laid under carpet. With six outlets, standing, heigh-tadjustable power hubs connected to the track provide support to power laptops as well as mobile and tablet devices.
PASCO (www.pasco.com) has released the SPARK Element, a rugged, water-resistant, lightweight, and portable device designed for modern science classrooms. The handheld device features a multi-touch display and HD camera, as well as USB, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth connectivity. It comes pre-loaded with SPARKvue, PASCO's science learning application for sensor-based data collection, sharing, visualization, and analysis, and connects to PASCO's line of more than 80 sensors. The SPARK Element includes interactive science lab activities to guide students through the process of inquiry and investigation and promote critical thinking and group discussion.
Tripp Lite (www.tripplite.com) has introduced a line of tablet charging stations that charge, sync, and secure up to 48 tablets and feature USB charging ports that provide up to 2.4 amps (12 watts) per port. Users can easily configure, back up, and restore tablets using a host computer. Sturdy steel construction and a locking door keep tablets safe without interfering with charging. The charging stations also match each tablet's top charging speed. They can be mounted to the wall or deployed on a desk, table, counter, or floor, with support for optional rolling casters, a reversible handle, and stacking configurations.
Kensington (www.kensington.com) has released the BlackBelt 2nd Degree Rugged Case (shown) for iPad Air 2 and the KeyFolio Thin X2 for iPad Air. The BlackBelt case offers sturdy tablet protection in a case that's easy to hold, and is also available for the iPad mini. Surrounded in a strong, cushioned layer of rubber over a polycarbonate X-frame to protect against bumps and drops, the BlackBelt meets military-grade MIL-STD-810G testing for drop protection. The KeyFolio Thin X2 offers a light, thin, form-fitting design that maintains the sleek profile of the iPad Air. Key features include an integrated Bluetooth keyboard featuring six rows of high-performance scissor keys and a row of dedicated shortcut keys for greater productivity in fewer keystrokes.
RGS, a business unit of Avnet, Inc. (www.avnet.com), has introduced the RGS Education Chromebook, a new digital learning device purpose built for education. Built to handle the challenges of maintaining sensitive technology appliances in a demanding classroom environment, the RGS Education Chromebook features a 9.5-hour battery life, plastic bumper, water resistant keyboard, and anti-peel keyboard keys, and is designed to withstand a fall from a standard-height student desk (70 cm). Additionally, the Chromebook features a snap-on magnification lens, enabling the Chromebook to function as a microscope. Educators can combine the microscope with popular STEM applications and calculators available in the Google Chrome Web Store.
Absolute Software Corporation (www.absolute.com) has announced that its Persistence technology will be installed in a new suite of HP's mobile devices. With Persistence technology, Absolute allows K-1 | [
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Captain John R. Y. Blakely to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/1917
Captain John R. Y. Blakely to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations
<October 1917>
M e m o r a n d u m
For: Chief of Naval Operations
Subject: Preparation for mine planting on Atlantic Coast.
1. There are four general spheres of mining to be considered:
First, mine fields under the guns of coast fortifications. This is done by the Coast Artillery.
Second, on the coast beyond the reach of fixed fortifications under the Army. This is the province of the Naval Districts.
Third, mining in the vicinity of non-continental bases, and in coastal areas off-shore beyond the scope of localized mining forces. This is the province of the Mine Force of the Fleet as recommended by the General Board and approved by the Secretary.1
Fourth, offensive mining in the face of the enemy. This requires fast vessels or ample supporting forces and is to be done by cruisers and destroyers, as recommended by the General Board and approved by the Secretary.
2. The withdrawal of the Mine Force from our coast, therefore, would not remove the Force responsible for mining our coastal waters, because the Coast Artillery and the Naval Districts are responsible for all defense of this kind on our coast. The Mine Force could materially assist where present, but the responsibility rests with the local district forces.
3. As yet the Naval Districts have done little mining. They have no vessels or at best very few in service that could be used for any extensive mine planting. The mines now furnished, however, require little technical experience for successful planting unless observation mine fields are required. So far, these are arranged for by the Coast Artillery.
4. For mining vessels in the Districts, ferry-boats could be readily equipped, and if not desired to take them away from their ordinary employment, the equipment could be prepared, ready to place at short notice. These vessels have sufficiently good maneuvering powers, light draft, carrying capacity, and clear deck space. They would be suitable for outside work in smooth water, and a breakwater built forward on the main deck would probably enable them to go outside in a moderate breeze, if their structural strength were sufficient. The weight of the mines carried is not great. Twenty-nine mines to 100 feet of track and five feet athwartships for each track is the closest spacing allowable. This would give a weight of about twenty-five tons to 500 square feet of deck area.
5. Training with mines is given at the torpedo station and Mark IV mines are available in a considerable number both for training now and planting later if wanted. The equipment for mine planting vessels consists mainly of tracks to carry the mines, a curved section of track for launching, and means for embarking the mines on board from shore or other vessels. Where ferry-boats are not available, or it is undesirable to withdraw them from present employment, training in planting may be had by using flat lighters, of the Navy standard coal barge type, either wooden or steel. A tug alongside can handle the mine planting barge with sufficient precision.
6. Since all Naval Districts should be prepared to plant mines on short notice, immediate steps are necessary to provide the equipment and to train the personnel. The material may be provided in the usual way upon plans and requisitions from the several Naval Districts. The training may be had by the detail for a short time of a few petty officers or officers from the Naval Districts to the torpedo station. The ordnance pamphlet on the Mark III and IV mines is so full in detail, it is probable that there may be no necessity for some or any of the Districts to send personnel for training.2
7. It is recommended, therefore, that the Commandants of Naval Districts be directed to prepare to undertake mining, as outlined in paragraph 6, above.
J. R. Y. Blakely
Source Note: Cy, DNA, RG45, Entry 517B. Someone handwrote the date at the top of the page. Blakely was commander of the U.S.S. Seattle, the flagship of Cruiser and Transport Service.
Footnote 1: Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels. The Board's recommendation has not been found.
Footnote 2: For more on the technical aspects of these mines, see Friedman, | [
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Naval Weapons of WWI, 375.
Captain Nathan C. Twining, Chief of Staff to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/1/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral William B. Fletcher, Force Commander, Patrol Squadrons, French Waters, 10/1/1917
Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet, to Caroline Wing Mayo, 10/1/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Anne Hitchcock Sims, 10/4/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 10/2/1917
Rear Admiral William B. Fletcher, Force Commander, Patrol Squadrons, French Waters, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/2/1917
Diary of Commander Joseph K. Taussig, 10/2/1917
Captain Nathan C. Twining to Vice Admiral William S. Sims and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/3/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, Second Cable of this day, 10/3/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/3/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to French Minister of Marine Charles Chaumet, 10/3/1917
Captain Nathan C. Twining, Chief of Staff to Commander, United States Naval Forces in European Waters, to Lieutenant Commander Earl O. Coffey, 10/4/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 10/4/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Lieutenant Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché in Rome, 10/4/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Vice Admiral William S. Sims, and Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, 10/4/1917
Diary of Commander Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, U.S.S. Wadsworth, 10/5/1917
Admiral William S. Benson. Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/5/1917
British Admiralty to Vice Admiral Sir Dudley R. S. de Chair, 10/5/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/6/1917
Commodore Guy R. Gaunt, British Naval Attaché in Washington, D.C., to British Admiralty, 10/6/1917
Diary of Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/6/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Leigh C. Palmer, Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, 10/8/1917
List of Confidential Books supplied by the British Admiralty to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, and Lieutenant Commander John R. Roys, Liaison Officer, 1 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.344192 | 0.171951 | 0.843829 | -1.218329 |
0/8/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/8/1917
Rear Admiral William F. Fullam, Commander, Division Two, United States Pacific Fleet, to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/8/1917
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe, to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/9/1917
Rear Admiral William B. Fletcher, Commander, United States Patrol Squadrons Operating in European Waters, to Commander Frank P. Baldwin, United States Naval Port Officer, St. Nazaire, France, 10/9/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/10/1917
Captain William V. Pratt, Assistant Chief of Naval Operations, to Rear Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/10/1917
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe, R.N., to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 10/10/1917
Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, Commander, Cruiser and Transport Force, Order for Ships in Convoy, 10/10/1917
Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/11/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral William B. Fletcher, Commander, Patrol Squadrons Based in France, 10/11/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/11/1917
Diary of Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/12/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Naval District Commandants, 10/12/1917
Diary of Commander Joseph K. Taussig, 10/12/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Joel R. Poinsett Pringle, Chief of Staff, Destroyer Flotillas, Queenstown, 10/12/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Joel R. Poinsett Pringle, Senior Officer Present, Destroyer Flotilla, 10/12/1917
Captain Richard H. Jackson, American Naval Staff Representative in Paris, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/12/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Henry B. Wilson, Commander, Gibraltar Patrol Squadron, 10/13/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 10/13/1917
Rear Admiral William B. Fletcher, Commander, Patrol Squadrons in France, Order to Commanding Officers, 10/13/1917
Captain Frank H. Schofield, Staff, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Memorandum, 10/13/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters to Anne Hitchcock Sims, 10/14/1917
Report on Torpedoing of U.S.S. Cassin, 10/15/1917
War Diary of U-61, 1 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.44744 | -0.020121 | 0.842036 | -1.256275 |
0/15/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain William V. Pratt, Assistant Chief of Naval Operations, 10/15/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Richard H. Jackson, American Naval Representative in Paris, 10/16/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 10/16/1917
Captain Joel R. Poinsett Pringle, Senior Officer Present, Destroyer Flotilla, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/16/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/16/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Vice Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet., 10/17/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Naval Constructor Laurence S. Adams, 10/17/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Vice Admiral Lewis Bayly, R.N., Commander, Naval Forces, Southern Ireland, 10/17/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Anne Hitchcock Sims, 10/19/1917
War Diary of U.S.S. Conyngham, 10/19/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché in Rome, 10/20/1917
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe, R.N., to Commodore Guy R. Gaunt, British Naval Attaché in Washington, D.C., 10/20/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/20/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Operating Forces in European Waters, 10/20/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral William B. Fletcher, 10/21/1917
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R Jellicoe, R.N., to Commodore Guy R. Gaunt, British Naval Attaché in Washington, D.C., 10/22/1917
Winston Churchill to President Woodrow Wilson, 10/22/1917
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Thomas P. Magruder, Commander (pro tempore), Patrol Squadrons, French Waters, 10/23/1917
Third Assistant Secretary of State Breckenridge Long to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 10/23/1917
Vice Admiral Sir Lewis Bayly, Commander, Naval Forces, Southern Ireland, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/23/1917
Executive Order of President Woodrow Wilson, 10/24/1917
Vice Admiral Lewis Bayly, R.N., Commander, Naval Forces, Southern Ireland, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 10/25/1917
Vice Admiral William S. | [
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Rebel princess: Zeb-un-Nissa of the Mughal ménage
November 28, 2020,
Painting depicting princess Zeb-un-Nissa with her attendants.
Aurangzeb's eldest daughter, Zeb-un-Nissa, had mastered subjects like philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, history, theology and literature. Also, she was identified to have been an excellent calligrapher.
It was all between a father and a daughter. A father, whose love and veneration for the orthodox Islamic ideals led him to despise poetry and music as an anathema and a daughter, who inspite of being her father's eldest and his most favourite, expressed her desire to worship the almighty the Sufistic way and eventually chose to be a poetess and a musician, a way of life that was earlier preferred by her father's arch rival: the late Dara Shukoh, Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba.
It was all between the poignant Mughal Emperor Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir and his eldest daughter (born of Dilras Banu Begum, Aurangzeb's first wife and a Safavid princess), Zeb-un-Nissa.
'Hafiza' is an Arabic term given to women members of the royal Mughal household who have an exemplary command over the Quran and have succeeded in memorising its verses thoroughly. Zeb-un-Nissa's story begins from her being distinguished from the other women of her time as a Hafiza, at the young age of seven.
Aurangzeb (then Shahzada Muhiuddin) was so impressed with this feat of hers that, in his capacity as the viceroy of the Deccan, (Daulatabad is where they lived and Zeb-un-Nissa was born) he presented his daughter with 30,000 precious gold pieces, as told in 'History of Aurangzib: Mainly based on Persian sources, Volume 1' by Sir Jadunath Sarkar.
In 'Women in India: A Social and Cultural History' by Sista Anantha Raman, it is also stated that an additional reward of 30,000 gold tankas were paid as a princely gratification to Hafiza Mariam, the princess' teacher, for having taught the princess (who apparently possessed her father's intellect and literary passion), so well.
Furthermore, Rekha Mirsa in her work entitled, 'Women in Mughal India' carefully attempts to detail us on Zeb-un-Nissa's educational accomplishments. She states that once the princess had been recognised as a Hafiza, she was entrusted to one Mohammad Saeed Ashraf Mazandarani, a Persian poet, for her study of arts and sciences.
In a few years from then, Zeb-un-Nissa's mastery had extended over subjects like philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, history, theology and literature (that further was extant to Arabic, Persian and Urdu).
Additionally, she was also identified to have been an excellent calligrapher or so is penned down by Nabi Hadi in his 'Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature' (for Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts, 1995).
Thereafter broke out a vociferous war of succession between the four sons of Shah Jahan: Padshahzada Dara Shukoh, Shahzada Murad, Shahzada Shuja and the emperor's least favourite, Shahzada Aurangzeb. This war virtually changed every course of Zeb-un-Nissa's life.
She had earlier been betrothed to her cousin Mirza Sulaiman Shukoh, son of the heir apparent Dara Shukoh, by her grandfather Shah Jahan. But, soon after in 1659, Dara was brutally executed by the new emperor Alamgir and his son Sulaiman, Alamgir's only remaining threat was captured and interred in the darkest realms of the Gwalior dungeon (until his assassination on his uncle's orders in 1662).
When every hostility had been crushed and every revolt won over, Aurangzeb (now a stable emperor) recognised the administrative and economic capabilities of his daughter, as | [
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a result of which she was appointed as the Emperor's advisor at 21.
In an introduction to the Diwan of Zeb-un-Nissa, as translated by Magan Lal and Jessie Duncan Westbrook in 1913, her appearance at the eloquent court is shown to be magisterial and power possessive. "… she is described as being tall and slim, her face round and fair in colour, with two moles, or beauty-spots, on her left cheek. Her eyes and abundant hair were very black, and she had thin lips and small teeth. In Lahore Museum is a contemporary portrait, which corresponds to this description… In dress she was simple and austere; in later life she always wore white, and her only ornament was a string of pearls round her neck", it quotes.
It is believed that the Emperor sent for the Royal princes to receive her in an entourage, each time she entered the Mughal durbar.
But these good and imperious times are for all, bound to end one day. And, so they did, even for the daughter of the mightiest of all Mughal Kings of Hindustan.
Her love for poetry gradually rendered itself into a passion and eventually, into her self chosen profession. She soon developed for herself, in the likeness of the other great poets of her age (Kalim Kashani, Saa'eb Tabrizi, Ghani Kashmiri and others), a pseudonym that was called 'Makhfi', literally meaning 'the Hidden One' in Persian.
"Zebunnisa was trained in the serious study of religious doctrine and in matters in faith, and she was known as an excellent scholar in several academic areas and as a literary figure and parton of some renown. She sang well and composed songs and planted many of the gardens of her day", pens Zeenut Ziad, in her book 'The Magnificent Mughals'.
A poet who followed the Indo-Persian school of poetry, Zeb-un-Nissa's attachment to the fictional world distanced her from Aurangzeb, the Badshah who dearly loved her like anything. But, Zeb-un-Nissa gradually became a being of the abstract world.
Around this time (in 1562), the Emperor's ailing health took him and his family to Lahore whose governor Akil Kahn (also a poet) is said to have a brief romantic relationship with the princess. This was again resented by Aurangzeb.
Later, on their return to Delhi and while the Maratha wars broke out in the Deccan, Prince Muhammed Akbar, another of Aurangzeb's favourite children, broke ties with his father and revolted. Zeb-un-Nissa, who was fond of her younger brother, wrote letters to him around 1681, as a consequence of which Aurangzeb developed distrust for her and had her imprisoned at the Salimgarh Fort, a punishment to be revoked only on her death. Aurangzeb had always considered the princess to be his favourite. Yet, such was his rage for her connections with Akbar that he not only had her imprisoned for life, but also nullified all grants and salaries given in her name, besides confiscating her property and wealth. Coincidentally, Salimgarh is a fort famous for having housed the emperor's brothers, the imprisoned Murad Baksh and Dara Shukoh in his initial days.
Zeb-un-Nissa was barred from the outside world and the emperor always hoped that her story would fade away soon.
But Zeb-un-Nissa's prison days were more of a pilgrimage to her. A virgin for life, she devoted these days to worship the Allah in her Sufistic manner at her pleasure and dedicated around 15,000 couplets to him, some of which would later, after the death of the princess and her father, along with a few Rubāʿīas come to be compiled as Diwan-i-Makhfi (en: the Book of the Hidden One).
Zeb-un-Nissa passed away in 1702, in silence, unattended by her family or people whom she adored. Her father, the great emperor Aurangzeb, on a visit to Deccan then, had a tombstone erected at Tees Hazari Bag near the Kashmiri Gate of Shahjahanabad, the capital of the erstwhile gargantuan M | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.785863 | 1.075209 | 1.661539 | 0.494314 |
Q: Opinions on type-punning in C++? I'm curious about conventions for type-punning pointers/arrays in C++. Here's the use case I have at the moment:
Compute a simple 32-bit checksum over a binary blob of data by treating it as an array of 32-bit integers (we know its total length is a multiple of 4), and then summing up all values and ignoring overflow.
I would expect such an function to look like this:
uint32_t compute_checksum(const char *data, size_t size)
{
const uint32_t *udata = /* ??? */;
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i != size / 4; ++i)
checksum += udata[i];
return udata;
}
Now the question I have is, what do you consider the "best" way to convert data to udata?
C-style cast?
udata = (const uint32_t *)data
C++ cast that assumes all pointers are convertible?
udata = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(data)
C++ cast that between arbitrary pointer types using intermediate void*?
udata = static_cast<const uint32_t *>(static_cast<const void *>(data))
Cast through a union?
union {
const uint32_t *udata;
const char *cdata;
};
cdata = data;
// now use udata
I fully realize that this will not be a 100% portable solution, but I am only expecting to use it on a small set of platforms where I know it works (namely unaligned memory accesses and compiler assumptions on pointer aliasing). What would you recommend?
A: Ignoring efficiency, for simplicity of code I'd do:
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
uint32_t compute_checksum(const char *data, size_t size) {
std::vector<uint32_t> intdata(size/sizeof(uint32_t));
std::memcpy(&intdata[0], data, size);
return std::accumulate(intdata.begin(), intdata.end(), 0);
}
I also like litb's last answer, the one that shifts each char in turn, except that since char might be signed, I think it needs an extra mask:
checksum += ((data[i] && 0xFF) << shift[i % 4]);
When type punning is a potential issue, I prefer not to type pun rather than to try to do so safely. If you don't create any aliased pointers of distinct types in the first place, then you don't have to worry what the compiler might do with aliases, and neither does the maintenance programmer who sees your multiple static_casts through a union.
If you don't want to allocate so much extra memory, then:
uint32_t compute_checksum(const char *data, size_t size) {
uint32_t total = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += sizeof(uint32_t)) {
uint32_t thisone;
std::memcpy(&thisone, &data[i], sizeof(uint32_t));
total += thisone;
}
return total;
}
Enough optimisation will get rid of the memcpy and the extra uint32_t variable entirely on gcc, and just read an integer value unaligned, in whatever the most efficient way to do that is on your platform, straight out of the source array. I'd hope the same is true of other "serious" compilers. But this code is now bigger than litb's, so there's not much to be said for it other than mine is easier to turn into a function template that will work just as well with uint64_t, and mine works as native endian-ness rather than picking little-endian.
This is of course not completely portable. It assumes that the storage representation of sizeof(uint32_t) chars corresponds to the storage representation of a uin32_t in the way we want. This is implied by the question, since it states that one can be " | [
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treated as" the other. Endian-ness, whether a char is 8 bits, and whether uint32_t uses all bits in its storage representation can obviously intrude, but the question implies that they won't.
A: As far as the C++ standard is concerned, litb's answer is completely correct and the most portable. Casting const char *data to a const uint3_t *, whether it be via a C-style cast, static_cast, or reinterpret_cast, breaks the strict aliasing rules (see Understanding Strict Aliasing). If you compile with full optimization, there's a good chance that the code will not do the right thing.
Casting through a union (such as litb's my_reint) is probably the best solution, although it does technically violate the rule that if you write to a union through one member and read it through another, it results in undefined behavior. However, practically all compilers support this, and it results in the the expected result. If you absolutely desire to conform to the standard 100%, go with the bit-shifting method. Otherwise, I'd recommend going with casting through a union, which is likely to give you better performance.
A: There are my fifty cents - different ways to do it.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
uint32_t compute_checksum_memcpy(const char *data, size_t size)
{
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i != size / 4; ++i)
{
// memcpy may be slow, unneeded allocation
uint32_t dest;
memcpy(&dest,data+i,4);
checksum += dest;
}
return checksum;
}
uint32_t compute_checksum_address_recast(const char *data, size_t size)
{
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i != size / 4; ++i)
{
//classic old type punning
checksum += *(uint32_t*)(data+i);
}
return checksum;
}
uint32_t compute_checksum_union(const char *data, size_t size)
{
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i != size / 4; ++i)
{
//Syntax hell
checksum += *((union{const char* c;uint32_t* i;}){.c=data+i}).i;
}
return checksum;
}
// Wrong!
uint32_t compute_checksum_deref(const char *data, size_t size)
{
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i != size / 4; ++i)
{
checksum += *&data[i];
}
return checksum;
}
// Wrong!
uint32_t compute_checksum_cast(const char *data, size_t size)
{
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i != size / 4; ++i)
{
checksum += *(data+i);
}
return checksum;
}
int main()
{
const char* data = "ABCDEFGH";
std::cout << compute_checksum_memcpy(data, 8) << " OK\n";
std::cout << compute_checksum_address_recast(data, 8) << " OK\n";
std::cout << compute_checksum_union(data, 8) << " OK\n";
std::cout << compute_checksum_deref(data, 8) << " Fail\n";
std::cout << compute_checksum_cast(data, 8) << " Fail\n";
}
A: I know this thread has been inactive for a while, but thought I'd post | [
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Home / Nation & World / Amazon criticized for seeking HQ2 tax breaks
As Amazon weighs the tax breaks and other goodies proffered by eager suitors for its second headquarters, it stands accused of being a corporate welfare leech. This photo shows Amazon's headquarters in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle. (Bloomberg file photo)
Amazon criticized for seeking HQ2 tax breaks
By: Bloomberg News September 10, 2018 1:35 pm 0
In September 2017, Amazon.com Inc. became America's most eligible corporate bachelor when it announced plans for a second headquarters. More than 200 cities across North America fell over themselves trying to woo the e-commerce giant and the 50,000 well-paying tech jobs on offer. The more shameless attempts to win Amazon's attention included Arizona trucking a cactus to Seattle and a Georgia town offering to rename itself, yes, Amazon.
Exactly one year later, negotiations with 20 finalist cities from New York to Los Angeles have retreated behind closed doors. Instead of public displays of affection, Amazon is fending off barbs sharper than the prickers on that 21-foot saguaro cactus. As the world's second-most valuable public company weighs the tax breaks and other goodies proffered by eager suitors, it stands accused of being a corporate welfare leech that should be giving the government and its workers more rather than further milking taxpayers to expand. As the world's wealthiest individual, Chief Executive Officer Jeff Bezos also makes a tempting target.
Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders has accused Amazon of forcing its warehouse workers onto food stamps because it doesn't pay them enough; he proposed levying a tax on large employers to help fund government assistance (the bill is called Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing Out Subsidies Act — or Stop BEZOS). Meanwhile, increasing numbers of states are reviewing whether companies are honoring their pledges to create jobs and generate economic activity. As the HQ2 bake off drags on in private, Amazon gives its critics more ammunition and time to fire away.
"The Bernie Sanders bill shows how much Amazon's brand has been tarnished by this headquarters search process," says Greg LeRoy, executive director of Good Jobs First, which monitors government investments in businesses. "The way they launched this public auction was really ham handed. It was an obvious grab for the maximum tax break, and now they're under the microscope."
Amazon declined to comment for this story. In a blog post responding to Sanders, the company said it created 130,000 new jobs last year and that employees receiving food stamps include those who work part-time or only worked at Amazon for brief periods. The company defended its treatment of workers, saying its full-time U.S. warehouse employees earn more than $15 an hour on average, including stock and incentive bonuses. The company also says it has invested more than $100 billion in the U.S. since 2011 and created more than 200,000 full-time jobs with benefits.
The Sanders bill is unlikely to go anywhere so long as the Republicans control Congress. But more and more states are taking a closer look at trading tax breaks for jobs. Politicians eager to attract employers to their cities and towns during the Great Recession later discovered that perhaps they had given away too much and received too little in return. Among the notable boondoggles: "The Buffalo Billions" corruption scandal in New York where money meant for economic development instead allegedly went to allies of Gov. Andrew Cuomo; in 2010 the Rhode Island Economic Development Corp. issued $75 million in bonds as part of a package to lure video game company 38 Studios away from Massachusetts in a deal that went bust and resulted in federal fraud charges.
Such blowups prompted several states to tighten controls, including Pennsylvania, Texas, Colorado, Illinois and Georgia, collectively home to seven Amazon finalist cities. Texas, for instance, withdrew or clawed back more than $30 million in incentives to 16 companies that failed to create the jobs pledged, according to a 2017 legislative report. California, New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts — also among the finalists — are among 22 | [
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Updated 23 January, 2021 - 13:33 dhwty
The Nara Period: Japan's First Permanent Capital
The Nara period lasted from 710 to 784/94 AD. This period in Japanese history is named after the seat of imperial government in the ancient city of Nara. This was the country's first permanent capital, and was modelled after Chang'an, the capital of the neighboring Chinese Tang dynasty. Indeed, the Nara period is notable for the adoption of Chinese practices by the Japanese elite. Such practices included Chinese models of government, Chinese Buddhism, as it was practiced in Tang China, and the Chinese writing system. The Nara period was succeeded by the Heian period and its capital Heian-kyo (Kyoto), after Nara lost its status as the imperial capital.
The Nara Period And The Asuka Period That Preceded It
The era in Japanese history preceding the Nara period is known as the Asuka period, which lasted from 538 to 710 AD. The name of this period is derived from the location of the capital in Asuka, now a village on the plains near Nara. During the Asuka period, Buddhism first arrived in Japan, and Chinese knowledge and practices were adopted by the Japanese court. Moreover, the effort to transform Japan into a centralized state also had its origins in the Asuka period. Thus, it may be said that the developments made during the Nara period were a continuation of those already put in place in the preceding era. Nevertheless, there are differences that distinguish the Nara and Asuka periods.
Horyu-ji Temple in Asuka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was an important temple that led to the development of the Nara period and the rise of Buddhism as a state power. ( Milosz Maslanka / Adobe Stock)
For a start, although a central administration was developed during the Asuka period, and there was an imperial court attended by the chieftains of subordinate clan, Japan did not have a permanent capital yet. Thus, whenever a new emperor ascended the throne, the imperial court would move to a new location. This was due to the prevailing belief that an emperor's death polluted the capital, and therefore the new ruler had to relocate. It was only during the Nara period that Japan's first permanent capital, Nara, was established.
The Birth Of The Nara Period And Tang Influences
Nara is located in the Kansai region of Honshu, Japan's largest island, and became the country's capital when Empress Genmei moved the seat of the imperial government to Heijo-kyo (Nara) in 710 AD. Except for five years, i.e., from 740 to 745 AD, Nara served as the Japanese capital until 784 AD, when Emperor Kammu moved the capital temporarily to Nagaoka and then to the permanent location of Heian-kyo (Kyoto), which lasted for 1200 years.
Nara was modelled after the Tang capital, Chang'an, and from its inception, was envisioned as a permanent city. Carefully planned, Nara was laid out on a rigorous grid, and became the country's first truly urban center . It is estimated that Nara had a population of 200000 (about 4% of Japan's population at that time), 10000 of whom were working in the imperial administration.
The large number of people employed by the government shows that by the time of the Nara period, Japan had already developed a sophisticated bureaucracy. Unsurprisingly, the bureaucratization of the government was caused by the adoption of Chinese models of government. Like the Tang Chinese, the Japanese central government also had a council of state, and ministries in charge of various affairs, including war, justice, rites, and public works.
The capital of the Nara period, Nara, was modelled after the organized and carefully planned Tang dynasty capital of Chang'an. (SY / CC BY-SA 4.0 )
Apart from this bureaucratization, the impact of Tang China can also be seen in the Japanese legal system , which underwent a transformation around this time. In the past, a loosely structured, native Japanese legal process was used for the administration of justice in the country. By the Nara period, however, this traditional system was replaced by legal codes based on Chinese models. It should be pointed out that | [
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this change did not occur overnight, as the codification of Japanese laws was a gradual process, beginning as early as 662 AD, and culminating in the Taiho Code in 701 AD.
The Taiho Code is arguably the most famous Japanese law code (known also as "ritsuryo") of the Asuka and Nara periods. This law code contains penal laws ("ritsu"), as well as administrative laws ("ryo"), and was used until the late 8 th century AD. One of the important features of the Taiho Code were the laws that established the central government's administrative organs–provinces, districts, and townships–which clearly reflected a Chinese system of governance.
Although the Taiho Code is almost the same as the Chinese original it was based on, there are two significant differences. Firstly, in the Chinese system, virtue and merit were the key concepts used to organize society, and in the allocation of government positions and class statutes. The Japanese, however, rejected this, preferring instead their traditional birth-based hierarchy. This preference for lineage led to the second difference in the Japanese legal code: the emperor of Japan received his right to rule from his imperial descent, as opposed to the "Mandate of Heaven" that was used to justify the authority of his Chinese counterparts.
The man'yogana writing script developed during the Nara period used original Chinese ideograms to create a phonetic script that developed into hiragana and katakana. The symbols on the left are Japanese and, to their right, the original Chinese ideogram. (Pmx / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
How Chinese Culture Influenced Developments In Nara
Apart from its system of governance, Chinese culture, artistic styles, and technology were also adopted and adapted by the Japanese elite during the Nara period.
For example, the "man'yogana" was used during this time. This was a writing system that made use of Chinese characters, adapting them for the purpose of expressing the Japanese language phonetically. The "man'yogana" developed into the hiragana and katakana writing systems that are still used today. The creation of the "man'yogana" is also credited with the spread of written Japanese, which in turn led to the writing of "waka," or Japanese poetry.
The Man'yoshu, meaning "Ten Thousand Leaves," is the first anthology of Japanese poetry, and was compiled and edited from personal collections during the Nara period. Incidentally, the "man'yogana" writing system derives its name from this anthology.
Kamikaze – The Divine Winds that Saved Japan
Hachiman: Deified Emperor, War God, Protector Of The Japanese People
Ryukyu Kingdom: Castles, Customs, and China and Japan's Rivalry
The other major anthology of poetry compiled during the Nara period is the Kaifuso, meaning "Fond Recollections of Poetry." Unlike the Man'yoshu, the poems in the Kaifuso were written by Japanese poets in Chinese. This is the oldest known anthology of Chinese poems written by the Japanese.
In addition to literature, the Chinese language was used during the Nara period for other written works as well. Many Chinese manuscripts were copied, the most notable of which being Buddhist manuscripts. As a matter of fact, the adoption of Buddhism by the Japanese elite is another important feature of the Nara period.
Nara's Daibutsu Buddha (right) and Kokuzo Bosatsu (left) at Todai-ji Temple. ( coward_lion / Adobe Stock)
Buddhism Becomes The Japanese State Religion
Buddhism had already arrived in Japan prior to the Nara period. It was introduced into the country during the 6 thcentury AD by Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. At that time, however, Buddhism did not fare very well in gaining converts, partly because it did not receive imperial patronage.
The fortunes of Buddhism changed during the Nara period, more specifically from the reign of Emperor Shomu onwards. Shomu, who ruled Japan from 724 to 749 AD, and his wife, Empress Komyo, were devout Buddhists. Therefore, they actively promoted the spread of Buddhism, strengthened Japanese institutions with this religion, and declared it the "guardian of the state." Shomu was also responsible for the construction of Todai-ji ("Great Eastern Temple") in Nara. | [
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Todai-ji was completed in 752 AD, and is most notable for its main hall, the Daibutsuden ("Great Buddha Hall"), which houses a giant bronze statue of the Vairocana Buddha. For a long time, the Daibutsuden held the record as the world's largest wooden building. It has been pointed out, however, that the current hall, which is a reconstruction from 1692, is only two-thirds the size of the one built by Shomu. As for the bronze statue, the Daibutsu, this seated Buddha rises to a height of 15 m (49.2 ft) and is one of the largest Buddha statues in Japan. Today, Todai-ji Temple is the most important landmark in Nara, and its most popular tourist attraction. During the Nara period, however, the temple was not only a religious site, but also a powerful institution, as it served as the head temple of all the provincial Buddhist temples in Japan.
Through their patronage of Buddhism, the status of the imperial family was raised. It should be mentioned, however, that the adoption of Buddhism also caused a rift between the upper and lower classes. This is stems from the fact that most commoners still practiced Shinto, Japan original animistic religion. In any event, the influence of Buddhism at the Japanese court continued, and even increased, during the reign of Empress Koken (known also as Empress Shotoku during her second reign), Shomu's daughter and immediate successor.
Empress Koken / Shotoku, who had two different names for each of her reigning periods. ( Public domain )
The Rise Of Buddhist Power Threatens Imperial Family
During her first reign, the empress invited many Buddhist monks to the court. In 758 AD, the empress abdicated, on the advice of her cousin, Fujiwara no Nakamaro, in favor of her adopted son and heir, who became Emperor Junnin. In 764 AD, Nakamaro rebelled, as the former empress came to favor a faith healer by the name of Dokyo. The rebellion was easily crushed, the emperor deposed, and Koken returned to power, taking the name Empress Shotoku. To placate the Buddhist clergy, the empress had a million paper charms, known as the "Hyakumanto dharana" printed. Additionally, there were rumors that the empress wanted to make Dokyo emperor, though she died before this could materialize.
The episode of Empress Koken / Shotoku illustrates the enormous political influence wielded by Buddhists at the imperial court of the Nara period. Outside the court, Buddhist institutions became centers of wealth and power. And, significantly, Buddhist temples became landholders, under the new "shoen" ("landed estates") system. Under this system, anyone who reclaimed unused land for rice production could claim ownership of the land. As encouragement, these estates were exempted from taxes, whilst taxes on traditional cultivators were increased.
The introduction of the "shoen" was caused by the breakdown in the old system, whereby land for the cultivation of rice was declared as public land. Every six years, the lands would be reallocated, to prevent anyone from accumulating wealth and power. The increased demand for food, however, broke the traditional system, leading to its replacement with the "shoen" land ownership system.
Whilst the "shoen" solved the problem of the increased demand for food, it brought about another problem: the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a landowning class. This was the issue the old system had sought to address. As many of the "shoen" holders were Buddhist temples, they became powerful landowners. The concentration of power in the hands of Buddhist institutions allowed them to compete with the imperial government.
At the same time, the government was attempting to assert central control over the provinces. This brought them into conflict with powerful local clans, who held sway in their respective regions. Moreover, the government had to deal with dissatisfaction amongst the local populace and rebellions. For instance, one of the results of the "shoen" was competition to lay claim to new lands. This led to increased pressure on the aboriginal tribes in the far northeast, who rose in rebellion. The government was only able to quell the rebellion after many years.
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.256036 | 1.070018 | 2.511527 | 1.25071 |
briefly the Japanese capital after Nara but it was soon replaced by the construction of Heian-kyo (Kyoto today), with the capital's original imperial palace at the top and key guardian Buddhist temples at the bottom. (Matsukaze / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
The End Of The Nara Period And The Birth Of Kyoto
The end of the Nara period is considered to have occurred either in 784 or 794 AD. In 784 AD, Emperor Kanmu moved the Japanese capital to Nagaoka-kyo. The move, apparently, was meant to allow the imperial court to free itself from the interference and threat of the Buddhist institutions based in Nara.
The new capital, however, was short-lived, as the nearby rivers constantly flooded Nagaoka-kyo. Thus, in 794 AD, the emperor moved once again, this time to Heian-kyo, today part of the city of Kyoto. The succeeding period, i.e., the Heian period, is named after this new capital. Kyoto would serve as the imperial capital of Japan for more than a millennium, until 1869, when the imperial court was transferred to Tokyo (old Edo).
After losing its status as Japan's imperial capital, Nara declined in importance, and many left the city to join the imperial court in Nagaoka-kyo, and then Heian-kyo. Nevertheless, the city was not completely abandoned, and is today one of Japan's most popular tourist destinations.
Apart from Todai-ji, there are other structures in the city that date to the Nara period. These include the remains of the Heijo-kyo palace, which was the site of the imperial residence and government offices, and the East Pagoda of the Yakushi-ji Temple.
Top image: The Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji Temple in Nara, the world's largest building for a long time. Source: Richie Chan / Adobe Stock
By Wu Mingren
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Nara period
imperial government
permanent capital
Tang dynasty
Heian period
Asuka period
Taiho Code
man'yogana script
state religion
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Home | | Environmental Biotechnology | Biodiesel - Derived Biofuels
Chapter: Environmental Biotechnology: Genetic Manipulation
Author : Gareth M. Evans, Judith C. Furlong Posted On : 09.07.2017 01:59 am
Biodiesel - Derived Biofuels
Returning to the central consideration of bioenergy, it would be wrong to dis-cuss this topic without at least some passing reference to biodiesel, even though, since it revolves around a chemical refining process, it is not strictly produced by biotechnology.
Returning to the central consideration of bioenergy, it would be wrong to dis-cuss this topic without at least some passing reference to biodiesel, even though, since it revolves around a chemical refining process, it is not strictly produced by biotechnology. Like the increasing number of mineral oil substitutes currently available or under development, biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils. Modern diesel engines demand a clean-burning fuel of uniform quality which can function under all expected operating conditions. One of the main advantages of biodiesel is that it can be used directly, in unmodified engines, with the additional bonus that it can perform as a single, pure fuel, or as part of a mix with its traditional counterpart, in any ratio desired. While there remains some disagreement as to the scale of the environmental benefits to be gained, especially in respect of carbon dioxide discharges, there is good evidence that particulate emissions are signifi-cantly reduced. In addition, biodiesel is claimed to have better lubricant propertiesand to improve the biodegradability of the conventional diesel component of a blended fuel. Various studies have concluded that biodiesel exhaust is generally less harmful to both human health and the planet. Specifically, it contains sig-nificantly lower levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nPAHs), which is of great importance, since both groups have been identified as potential carcinogens. In laboratory tests, PAHs were reduced by between 75 – 85 % (excepting benzo(a)anthracene for which the figure was around 50%) and nPAHs were also dramatically lessened. Most of the targeted nPAH compounds were present only as traces, while the highest levels reported, 2-nitrofluorene and 1-nitropyrene, were found to repre-sent a 90% reduction over typical conventional diesel releases. Objective views of the performance of a 'new' fuel depend on such information and the National Biodiesel Board was congratulated by representatives of the House Energy and Power subcommittee for being the first industry to complete the rigorous health effects testing of the Clean Air Act.
It is not entirely without irony that in 1894, when Rudolf Diesel invented the engine which bears his name, he produced a design specifically suitable for a range of fuels, including coal dust and vegetable oil, as well as the petroleum product which is automatically associated with the device. In many respects, the current resurgence of interest in the potential of a fuel source so deeply rooted in diesel's origins might almost be described as a retrograde step in the right direction.
External regional considerations
As stated at the outset, biodiesel is a product derived by the application of chemistry to material of biological origin and is not, thus, biotechnological in the truest sense. It does, however, illustrate very well the influence of local modality as one of the recurrent themes of the sector. For a time, use of biodiesel in the USA was confined to certain niche markets, principally because relatively low conventional fuel prices and the contemporarily high cost of vegetable oil made wider uptake unattractive. However, the impact of the legislative requirement for alternative fuel in the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) has led to a major upsurge in usage, especially amongst bus operators and hauliers, for whom it is the most cost-effective option available.
In Europe, by contrast, the economic and environmental benefits may be less clear cut. The UK's Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution's major report, Energy and the Changing Climate, published in June 2000, largely ignored biodiesel, concentrating its attention more on farmed energy crops for | [
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To My Eternal Delight, Select DC Comics Heroes And Looney Tunes Will Unite In June
2:30 PM Unknown Crossover, DC. comics, Looney Tunes, Zachary Krishef Edit
Yes, this is really happening. To my delight, DC Comics has announced a series of Looney Tunes crossovers in the same vein as the Hanna-Barbera specials set to come out later this month. However, unlike those, the much more humor-orientated epics will be released over the course of June. Interestingly enough, this isn't the first time that DC has taken advantage of their shared ownership by Warner Brothers.
A notable episode of the Duck Dodgers tv show, based on 1953's Duck Dodgers In The 24 1/2th Century, actually had Daffy Duck accidentally become a Green Lantern after a mishap with the cleaners. Later, The Looney Tunes Show featured a one-off gag revealing that Bugs Bunny was secretly Batman, an entire episode dedicated to Superman's mythology, the Looney Tunes: Back In Action feature film had a sequence with the Batmobile, and, of course, a set of amazing variant covers back in 2015. It's been two years and I would still read those. There was even an awesome four-part crossover miniseries called Superman & Bugs Bunny. (Check back later in June for my review!)
In fact, an original Bugs Bunny short entitled "Super Rabbit" aired all the way back in 1943, satirizing Superman. Essentially, I'm saying that this has been brewing for a long time and I'm so happy that DC Rebirth has now provided the means for some suitably zany crossover action. Six specials will be arriving and here's the scoop on all of them, served with a generous side portion of speculation and nerdy predictions.
"Batman/Elmer Fudd Special #1"- After a chance meeting with billionaire Bruce Wayne, multi-millionaire Elmer Fudd's obsession quickly escalates into stalking Batman through the dark alleys and high-class social settings of Gotham City.
Isn't this cover amazing? I just love the image of Elmer Fudd and Batman stalking each other. Just the thought of someone as pathetic as Elmer trying to hunt down Batman makes me chuckle. I've been coming up with my own joking dialogue for this ever since the crossovers were teased. Despite the dark nature of much of Tom King's Batman work, I'm not worried that the special will be lacking in humorous content. The beginning of Batman #16 was hilarious. Set to be written by Tom King and drawn by Lee Weeks, who also illustrated the cover, it will come out on June 28th. Mark your calendars and make sure to be vewy, vewy quiet, Elmer's got a new target.
"Jonax Hex/Yosemite Sam Special #1"- When miner Yosemite Sam strikes it rich, word gets out as everyone comes gunning for his wealth, including the notorious Freleng gang! To protect himself and his his new riches, he hires bounty Hunter Jonah Hex—but the man protecting him may be his worst nightmare!
This is where I start to get a little dubious. Part of the problem with the crossovers would be the more realistic style that the Looney Tunes characters are drawn in. I mean, they're cartoons, and it looks odd to have them with fairly realistic proportions, or as realistic as you can get. It's not as awkward for Yosemite Sam, but something about Foghorn Leghorn seems off. Maybe it's just that I can't really see his face.
In any case, I appreciate the nod to Friz Freleng, one of the original workers on the cartoons. I'm also curious as to precisely how Foghorn fits into the whole affair. Is he part of the gang? Could he be Sam's partner in crime? Jimmy Palmiotti and Mark Texeira will give us the details on June 28th.
"The Legion Of Super-Heroes/Bugs Bunny Special #1"- The Legion of Super Heroes always | [
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