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Industry ⋮ Software
[Updated] Microsoft Brutally Ends Windows 10 Support Early for Some Intel Systems
The company cuts off support for many machines 5 years earlier than promised
The biggest selling point of Windows 10, apart from the fact that it was offered for free, was the promise of regular and free future updates. Under the new Windows as a Service (WaaS) model, Microsoft said users will continue to receive security and feature updates for their devices. There will no longer be those annoying notifications telling you that your Windows version is outdated because you will be able to upgrade to the newer versions as soon as they are made available.
What many Windows 10 adopters missed was a small note that this promise of continued support is only valid for the "supported lifetime of the device". ZDNet now reports that the end of support for some Windows 10 devices has already arrived, just two years after the release of Windows 10.
How to Block Windows 10 October 2018 Update from Installing Itself on Your PC Without Compromising on Security
Several models of early 2-in-1 PCs announced only a few years ago in 2013 and 2014 are receiving a "Windows 10 is no longer supported on this PC" message. This notification tells the user to uninstall "this app" because of its incompatibility with Windows 10. However, this isn't about any app, but the fact that these devices are no longer compatible with the latest version of Windows 10, the Creators Update.
The problem appears to be affecting Intel's Atom Clover Trail series CPUs. While Microsoft is yet to say anything about this lack of support for devices that are barely even 5 years old, Acer has posted the following list of Intel Clover Trail processors that aren't supported on Windows 10 Creators Update:
Atom Z2760
"If you install the Windows 10 creators update, icons and text may not appear at all, or may show up as solid color blocks or bars," Acer has warned. The company has promised that it is working with the Redmond software maker to address this incompatibility. However, it raises the question of future compatibility issues for other devices too.
How long will your device get Windows 10 support under this new WaaS model?
Before the release of the latest Windows in 2015, Microsoft followed a 5+5 support policy that promised five years of security and feature updates and then five years of security updates for any new hardware that supported Windows. This gave everyone a clear view of what to expect with a predictable end of support date.
However, it created a problem for Microsoft because not many would pay for the new Windows versions that were released every few years. On the other hand, the frequent releases of new versions enabled the company to force its OEMs to revise system specs.
[U: Microsoft Lifts the Upgrade Block] Apple Fixes iCloud to Finally Work with Windows 10 October 2018 Update – New Version Released
Windows 10 came with the promise of consistent security and feature upgrades under the supported lifetime. However, this supported lifetime appears to unclear and a vague term for users.
The current lot of machines that is the first to face this problem was shipped with Windows 10 with a promise of 5+5 support policy that wouldn't have ended before October 2023. During the last two years, Microsoft pushed everyone to install Windows 10, luring its user base on the promise of better security protections. But now these devices are without any support - feature or security. While they continue to receive security update, Windows 10 Anniversary Update will only receive security updates until early 2018, as every new Windows 10 version is only supported for 18 months. With that, these Clover Trail machines will also stop receiving any kind of support, nearly five years earlier than the end of support date users were promised when they first bought their devices.
With this issue of new versions carrying only a validity of 18 months, many more devices will soon be on the chopping board too. While Acer has promised it's working with Microsoft, it's unclear if there will be any changes in the support plan. These Intel processors could receive support for the Creators Update with Microsoft extending their support lifetime. However, that hasn't happened in the few months of the Creators Update being released to the public.
This problem may actually push Microsoft to outline a better and clear support policy, or else Windows 10 users will have to change their devices sooner than they | -0.197488 | 0.45095 | 0.11831 | 0.221502 | [
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America, the intolerant – The Health Care Blog
Health Drug Addiction
By Julie R. Ball 2 months ago
BY ANISH KOKA
Historically, the excellent stress among liberty and authority was involving federal government as embodied by the ruling class and its subjects. Marauding barbarians and warring town-states intended that modern society endowed a individual course in just culture with wonderful powers to safeguard the weaker members of modern society. It was immediately acknowledged that the ruling class could use these powers for its own benefit on the incredibly people today it was intended to secure, and so culture moved to protect personal liberties very first by recognizing selected legal rights that rulers dare not breach lest they risk riot. The all-natural following step was the institution of a human body of some type that was meant to characterize the pursuits of the ruled, which rulers sought settlement and counsel from, and grew to become the precursor to the modern-day day English parliament and the American Congress. Of course, development in governance did not conclude with rulers imbued with a divine right to rule getting held in check by 3rd parties. The proper to rule at some point ceased to be a divine proper, and in its place came courtesy of a periodical selection of the dominated in the form of elections. The electrical power the dominated now wielded around those who would request to rule guide some to ponder regardless of whether there was any explanation remaining to limit the electrical power of a government that was now an embodiment of the will of the persons.
But the fact of governing administration-of-the-people today as understood by the emergence of the democratic republics throughout Europe and significantly The us, immediately designed a mockery of the lofty concepts of self-federal government that persons considered they were being signing up for. It turns out that the "people" who exercising power in this process might be entirely independent from people energy is exercised over. Self governance was not authorities of every by himself, but of every by all the relaxation (JSM, On Liberty). The risk of the vast majority to the specific was properly recognized to America's founding fathers, and the early implementation of the American experiment did not disappoint.
Alexis de Tocqueville, a Frenchman who toured a youthful The usa in the early aspect of the 19th century, and wrote a volume broadly regarded as the biggest critique of the American Democratic experiment titled "Democracy in America", famous:
In America the the greater part raises quite formidable boundaries to the liberty of view: inside of these barriers an creator may well write whatsoever he pleases, but he will repent it if he ever phase further than them. Not that he is uncovered to the terrors of an car-da-fe, but he is tormented by the slights and persecutions of daily obloquy. His political job is shut forever, considering the fact that he has offended the only authority which is able to market his good results. Each and every type of payment, even that of celeb, is refused to him. Right before he posted his opinions he imagined that he held them in prevalent with lots of other people but no sooner has he declared them overtly than he is loudly censured by his overbearing opponents, whilst individuals who imagine with out acquiring the courage to discuss, like him, abandon him in silence. He yields at size, oppressed by the each day initiatives he has been producing, and he subsides into silence, as if he was tormented by remorse for getting spoken the truth of the matter.
This was an The united states that allowed freed slaves to vote in the North, but however noticed no blacks vote in elections lest they be maltreated if they had the temerity to actually present up at the polls. This was an The united states that in 1812 saw a mob destroy the offices of a Federalist newspaper because its editors were versus the war of 1812 in opposition to Britain and posted an anti-war screed. The mobs massed, ruined the workplaces of the paper, killed a single of the editors, and still left the other editor poorly beaten.
In this globe, legal protections or rights 'protected' by the authorities subject not. The additional fearsome electrical power modern society wields is its capability to ostracize the person by working towards a social tyranny that extends nicely over and above the political and lawful technique. Following all, what great | 0.548301 | -0.408552 | 0.117042 | 0.428311 | [
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are authorized protections if the penalty for thought crimes could be your livelihood?
The new wrinkle relates to the expanding social media fueled power of an intransigent minority in generating society bend to its tastes. It turns out you really don't need to have the greater part to management modern society, a small variety of intolerant virtuous people today will do. The phenomenon was referenced by John Stuart Mill in his traditional essay from 1859 as the will of the most lively part of modern society, but finest described not long ago by mathematician/thinker Nassim Nicholas Taleb as the Dictatorship of the tiny minority. On the fairly benign entrance, the apathy of the versatile greater part signifies that most everything you buy to consume is kosher. On the far more concerning entrance, it implies ethical values of society derive not from consensus of the the greater part but from the virtues of the most intolerant minority.
Web pages like twitter, facebook, and reddit permit these factions to coordinate in a make a difference of minutes. In 1812 Baltimore it took a mob to go away the consolation of their homes, consider up arms, and travel to the headquarters of the Federalist newspaper to unleash mayhem on the hapless editors who held an unpopular belief. In 2020, it will take a couple taps on a keyboard and tagging an employer in a tweet to cancel a lifetime and tarnish a standing, or arrange a violent mob to target a federal constructing.
While all ideological stripes might use these resources to build mayhem in civil modern society, it is normally the out team that bears the brunt of opprobrium. In a prior age the social institutions ended up utilised to censure Jews and people with also considerably melanin. Now, there is a new sheriff in city, and there's a new group that influencers and their sheep label as revolting and unfit for well mannered culture. For 4 many years the elite of culture have been absolutely free to label the Republican president an illegitimate stooge of Russia, attend political rallies and take part in marches that devolved into riots by some extremist minority with no concern they might not be enable into do the job the future early morning. But attending a Trump rally on January 6th and going back again to your lodge to check out the violent shenanigans that followed operates the really genuine possibility of leaving you destroyed and destitute.
The tyranny of the Democratic Republic is all encompassing exactly due to the fact it does not involve a authorities with camera's tracking your each individual transfer, it enlists your even extra ubiquitous virtuous neighbors to do its filthy do the job. Putin may well manufacture expenses towards his political opponents to place them in jail, but it is not some repressive govt that receives Google engineer James Damore fired.. It is his colleagues who leaked his internal memo, and then demanded he be eliminated. According to Damore, the penalty for imagined crimes at Google were serious – "employees who expressed sights deviating from the the vast majority check out at Google on political subjects lifted in the place of work and applicable to Google's employment insurance policies and its business, these as 'diversity' using the services of guidelines, 'bias sensitivity,' or 'social justice,' were being/are singled out, mistreated, and systematically punished and terminated from Google".
Even the very long commemorated healthcare establishments of The united states are around-run. Publishing a peer-reviewed descriptive paper on the historical past of affirmative motion in medication direct to the cardiologist author of the post currently being immediately demoted and taken out from interacting with trainees at a educating healthcare facility mainly because a Twitter mob labeled the article's views 'racist'. In the middle of the fantastic pandemic that the specialists instructed us was so negative that all people experienced to isolate in a basement for two yrs, the Centre for Ailment Handle (CDC) drafted a vaccine allocation technique that prompt the thought of race to "promote justice" and "mitigate wellness inequities", regardless of the reality that prioritizing this specific variable in excess of race neutral threat elements like age and overall health status would final result in much more general deaths.
Just after all, the intention of the CDC now isn't just to optimize advantages | -0.422114 | -0.417505 | -1.019511 | 0.322955 | [
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\section{Introduction}
Dark matter is one of the persisting problems in modern
theoretical particle physics and cosmology, and up to date, no
experimental verification occurred. Observational data coming from
galactic scale structures, like the bullet cluster, or from
galactic rotation curves, strongly indicate that dark matter seems
to control the dynamics of galaxies rotation and also seems to
control the collision of galaxies. In addition, the observation of
the bullet cluster, strongly indicates that dark matter is a
particle, and halos of dark matter particles accompany the visible
structure of a galaxy. Although, the dark matter effects can be
mimicked by modified gravity itself
\cite{reviews4,reviews5,reviews6,reviews1,reviews2,reviews3}, see
also \cite{Capozziello:2006ph,Nojiri:2016vhu}, observations seem
to favor the particle nature of dark matter for the moment at
least. Up to present date, the dark matter searches utterly failed
to identify any dark matter particle, and to our opinion this is
because most dark matter searches focused on mass scales for the
weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) of the order up to GeV
or even hundred GeV \cite{Oikonomou:2006mh}. However, the
scientific community searching for WIMPs now focuses on mass
scales of eV or much more smaller mass scales. One of the most
promising class of WIMPs with tiny mass is the axion, or any axion
like particle predicted from low scale compactifications of string
theory
\cite{Marsh:2015xka,Marsh:2017yvc,Odintsov:2019mlf,Cicoli:2019ulk,Fukunaga:2019unq,Caputo:2019joi,maxim,Auriol:2018ovo,Ioannisian:2017srr}.
In fact several experimental and observational proposals exist
already in the literature
\cite{Du:2018uak,Henning:2018ogd,Ouellet:2018beu,Safdi:2018oeu,Rozner:2019gba,Avignone:2018zpw,Caputo:2018vmy,Caputo:2018ljp,Millar:2016cjp,Majorovits:2017ppy,Anastassopoulos:2017ftl,TheMADMAXWorkingGroup:2016hpc},
see also \cite{Lawson:2019brd}, and many researchers aim to
identify in the laboratory this elusive particle. To our opinion,
if the axion exists, it will be found in the next 10-15 years due
to extensive experimental searches now performed, mainly based on
the fact that axions and photons interact in the presence of
magnetic fields
\cite{Balakin:2009rg,Balakin:2012up,Balakin:2014oya}, and the
axion is the last resort of particle dark matter, unless nature
hides the WIMPs to a supersymmetry breaking scale, and this will
be another surprise for theorists. The axion is known to provide a
very good candidate for dark matter, or at least some of the dark
matter existing in the Universe \cite{Marsh:2015xka}, and when we
refer to the axion, this should not be confused with the QCD
axion, which is a pseudo-scalar field, but we refer to any
axion-like particle, with a primordial $U(1)$ broken symmetry.
Particularly, these are known as misalignment axion fields, which
are canonical scalar fields. In Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb}, we
investigated an effective model of $F(R)$ gravity in the presence
of an misalignment axion field, and by using the axion field
dynamics known from the literature \cite{Marsh:2015xka}, we
demonstrated that the axion via a non-minimal coupling to the
scalar curvature affects the late-time era | -0.161191 | 0.87891 | 0.024152 | 1.637948 | [
0.29080169240822284,
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] | 1,328,680 | 0 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
, making possible for
the dark energy era to be realized. Some striking features of the
model were the facts that firstly, the early-time era was
controlled by the well-known $R^2$ gravity
\cite{Starobinsky:1982ee}, and the axion field after it starts
oscillating, for cosmic times for which $m_a\geq H$, so during and
after the reheating era, its energy density scales as $\rho_a\sim
a^{-3}$. Effectively it describes a dark matter condensate field,
which on average yields an effective equation of state (EoS)
parameter $\langle w \rangle =0$.
In this work, we shall further explore several theoretical and
phenomenological features of the model \cite{Odintsov:2019evb},
and of some extensions of this model, to include non-canonical
scalar fields. So the study is focused on theoretical problems and
implications of $F(R)$ gravity in the presence of a non-canonical
in general scalar field, and we emphasize on the phenomenology of
the theory containing the canonical scalar field, which is a
subcase. Particularly, we shall consider the Einstein frame
picture of the scalar-$F(R)$ gravity, and we shall derive the
no-ghost conditions. Also we shall consider the general dynamics
of the model and we shall demonstrate that the resulting
gravitational equations of motion can be used as a reconstruction
technique, which enables us to realize an arbitrary cosmological
evolution. In addition, we shall study the gravitational wave
spectrum, and we shall find several constraints on the
scalar-$F(R)$ gravity theory. Finally, the energy conditions are
considered, and by using these, for the radiation domination era,
we evince how the scalar-$F(R)$ gravity theory can be constrained,
and specifically how the non-minimal coupling of the axion to the
curvature can be constrained.
The motivation for using extensions of $F(R)$ gravity including
scalar fields is threefold. Firstly, $F(R)$ gravity has been
considered and actively investigated as a model quite elegantly
describing dark energy \cite{Capozziello:2003gx,Nojiri:2003ft}. In
the $F(R)$ gravity, appears a scalar particle called scalaron
which interacts with the standard model particles very weakly and
therefore the lifetime of this particle could be rather long. Then
some scenarios where the scalaron can be dark matter particle have
been also considered
\cite{Nojiri:2008nt,Cembranos:2008gj,Katsuragawa:2016yir}. This
scenario is very fascinating because the $F(R)$ gravity might
explain both of the dark energy and dark matter. Since the
scalaron is directly interacting with the standard model
particles, however, the scalaron can decay into the standard
particles even if the interaction is very weak and we need to
consider some scenario to suppress this decay. One easy way to
avoid this problem is to introduce another scalar field and we may
regard the particle corresponding to the field as a dark matter.
Secondly, the Starobinsky model seems to be quite robust against
the Planck 2018 \cite{Akrami:2018odb} constraints on inflation,
and thirdly, after the Higgs particle discovery
\cite{Aad:2012tfa}, the scalar fields seem to be an inherent
constituent of the primordial era. Thus in this work we shall
further explore the theoretical and phenomenological implications
of the misalignment axion-$F(R)$ gravity.
This paper is organized as follows: In section II, we briefly
recall the essential features of the misalignment axion-$F(R)$
gravity model developed in Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb}. In
section III, we study the Einstein frame picture of the model, and
we derive the no-ghost criteria, while in section IV, we discuss
the dynamics of the model. We also provide a general
reconstruction technique that can be used to realize any arbitrary
cosmological evolution. In section V we study the gravitational
waves of the axion-$F(R)$ gravity model, and we consider | 0.709922 | 1.118854 | 0.701646 | 2.428764 | [
1.1098675989494815,
0.3099771484142055
] | [
1.319404450576376,
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] | 1,328,680 | 1,024 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
several
constraints related with the observations. In section VI, we
discuss the energy conditions, and we study the dynamics of the
model for several eras, and we demonstrate how the radiation
domination era may impose a constraint on the non-minimal coupling
of the axion to the scalar curvature. Finally, the conclusions
follow at the end of the paper.
\section{Overview of the non-minimally Coupled Axion-$F(R)$ Gravity Model\label{seca}}
In this section we shall briefly recall the main outcomes of the
model developed in Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb}, in order to put
the present paper in proper context, and to have a reference point
for the studies that follow. The axion-like $F(R)$ gravity model
of Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb} was based on the following
gravitational action,
\begin{equation}
\label{mainaction} \mathcal{S}=\int d^4x\sqrt{-g}\left[
\frac{1}{2\kappa^2}F(R)+\frac{1}{2\kappa^2}h(\phi)G(R)-\frac{1}{2}\partial^{\mu}\phi\partial_{\mu}\phi-V(\phi)
\right]\, ,
\end{equation}
with $\kappa^2=\frac{1}{8\pi G}$, and $G$ stands for Newton's
gravitational constant. The $F(R)$ gravity chosen in Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb}
was the well-known $R^2$ gravity,
\begin{equation}\label{starobinsky}
F(R)=R+\frac{1}{36H_i^2}R^2\, .
\end{equation}
Also the coupling $h(\phi)$ to $G(R)$, was assumed to be,
\begin{equation}\label{hphichoice}
h(\phi)\sim\frac{1}{\phi^{\delta}}\, ,
\end{equation}
choosing $\delta>0$, and also the $G(R)$ function is,
\begin{equation}\label{GRfunction}
G(R)\sim R^{\gamma}\, ,
\end{equation}
with the parameter $\gamma$ belonging to the interval $0<\gamma
<0.75$. The model of Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb} is an effective
model which relies mostly on the axion field dynamics. The axion
field at early times, when the axion mass $m_a$ satisfies $m_a\ll
H$, is considered frozen in its vacuum expectation value $\phi_i$,
with the potential being,
\begin{equation}\label{axionpotential}
V(\phi(t))\simeq \frac{1}{2}m_a^2\phi^2_i(t)\, .
\end{equation}
The following initial conditions at early times are assumed,
\begin{equation}\label{axioninitialconditions}
\dot{\phi}(t_i)=\zeta \ll 1,\,\,\,\phi(t_i)=f_a\theta_a\, ,
\end{equation}
with $t_i$ being the cosmic time corresponding to the inflationary
era, and $f_a$ being the axion decay constant. In view of the
initial conditions, the axion is considered frozen, thus it
contributes a minor overdamped cosmological constant during
inflation, therefore the evolution during the inflationary era is
governed solely by the $R^2$ gravity. As the Universe expands and
cools, when $m_a\geq H$, the axion field starts to oscillate. For
all cosmic times, the axion field equation of motion is,
\begin{equation}\label{scalarfieldeqnduringradiation}
\ddot{\phi}+3H\dot{\phi}+m_a^2\phi=0\, ,
\end{equation}
so for $m_a\geq H$, by assuming a slow-varying oscillatory
behavior for the axion, of the form,
\begin{equation}\label{solutionaxionradandaft}
\phi (t)= A(t)\cos (m_a t)\, ,
\end{ | 0.002314 | -0.176218 | 0.166499 | 2.043762 | [
-0.09031049571068227,
0.09493810606140009
] | [
-0.35572858723886586,
0.003292443313732732
] | [
0.1817161669210249,
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1.8876794343026537,
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] | 1,328,680 | 2,048 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
equation}
with $A(t)$ quantifying the slow-varying behavior, since it
satisfies,
\begin{equation}\label{Atsolutionconstraints}
\frac{\dot{A}}{m_a}\sim \frac{H}{m_a}\sim \epsilon\ll 1\, ,
\end{equation}
by solving the equation of motion~(\ref{scalarfieldeqnduringradiation})
with the ansatz~(\ref{solutionaxionradandaft}), we get the solution,
\begin{equation}\label{solutionforA}
A\sim a^{-3/2}\, .
\end{equation}
Hence, for cosmic times after the inflationary era, during the
reheating and until late times, the scalar field behaves as,
\begin{equation}\label{solutionaxionradandaftpaper2}
\phi (t)= a^{-3/2}\cos (m_a t)\, .
\end{equation}
Thus, at early times, the axion field has an effective equation of
state (EoS) parameter $w_a=-1$, while for cosmic times $m_a\gg H$,
it has an average EoS of the form $w_a=0$, which describes dark
matter. Finally, as it was shown in Ref.~\cite{Odintsov:2019evb},
the late-time dynamics of the model is governed solely by the term
$\sim h(\phi) G(R)$, with $h(\phi)\sim \phi^{-\delta}$ and
$G(R)\sim R^{\gamma}$ and $0<\gamma <0.75$.
In the following sections we shall discuss several issues related
with the phenomenological aspects of the axion-$F(R)$ gravity
model. Particularly, we shall consider the Einstein frame
counterpart theory, and we discuss the constraints imposed by the
non-ghost condition, and several other theoretical issues related
to the Einstein frame picture. Also we shall present the
reconstruction techniques for the general scalar-$F(R)$ gravity,
which enables us to realize any cosmological solution, given the
Hubble rate. This is particularly useful for cosmological eras in
between the inflationary and dark energy era. Also we shall
discuss the gravitational waves solutions corresponding to early
times, and finally, we shall examine if the energy conditions are
satisfied, and how the radiation domination era may constrain the
coupling of the scalar field $h(\phi)$ to the $G(R)$ gravity term.
\section{The Einstein Frame Picture: Constraints and Limitations \label{Sec1}}
Let us firstly consider the Einstein frame picture of the
scalar-$F(R)$ gravity theory, and we discuss in some detail some
theoretical implications and constraints of the model.
Let us consider a more general gravitational action in comparison
to the one appearing in Eq.~(\ref{mainaction}), of the form,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV1} S = \int d^4 x \sqrt{-g} \left[ \frac{1}{2\kappa^2}
\left\{ F(R) + h(\phi) G(R)\right\}
- \frac{1}{2} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\mu \phi \partial^\mu \phi - V (\phi)
+ \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter} \left( g_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right)
\right] \, ,
\end{equation}
where $F(R)$ and $G(R)$ are functions of the scalar curvature $R$
and $h(\phi)$, $\omega(\phi)$, and $V(\phi)$ are functions of the
scalar field $\phi$. Also, $\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter} \left(
g_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right) $ is the Lagrangian density of the
matter fluids present -if any- and $\Phi_i$'s express the matter
fields. We now rewrite the action~(\ref{FhGV1}) by introducing the
auxiliary fields $A$ and $B$ as follows,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV2}
S_{AB} = \int d^4 x \sqrt{-g} \left[ \frac{1}{2\kappa^2} \left\{ B \left | 0.456532 | -0.249186 | 0.508891 | 2.241466 | [
0.6880075668178633,
0.22505727181628235
] | [
-0.08265772858913376,
-0.41571464471274144
] | [
0.5570798386778968,
0.4607026797132945
] | [
2.3247096393691384,
2.158221942200954
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,680 | 3,072 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
( R - A \right)
+ F(A) + h(\phi) G(A)
- \frac{1}{2} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\mu \phi \partial^\mu \phi - V (\phi) \right\}
+ \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter} \left( g_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right) \right] \, .
\end{equation}
Then by varying the action with respect to the auxiliary scalar
$A$, we obtain,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV3}
B = F'(A) + h(\phi) G'(A)\, .
\end{equation}
Then the condition for the absence of the anti-gravity or the
condition that the graviton is not ghost is given by,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV4}
F'(A) + h(\phi) G'(A) = F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) > 0 \, .
\end{equation}
Obviously, this condition is satisfied by the gravitational action
(\ref{mainaction}). Upon redefining the scalar field $B$ by using
a new scalar field $\sigma$ as $B=\e^{\sigma}$, we assume that
Eq.~(\ref{FhGV3}) can be solved with respect to $A$ as $A=A(\phi,
\sigma)$. Then the action~(\ref{FhGV2}) can be rewritten as
follows,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV5}
S_{\sigma\phi} = \int d^4 x \sqrt{-g} & \left[ \frac{1}{2\kappa^2} \left\{ \e^\sigma
\left( R - A\left( \phi , \sigma\right) \right)
+ F\left(A \left( \phi , \sigma\right) \right)
+ h(\phi) G \left( A\left( \phi , \sigma\right) \right)
- \frac{1}{2} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\mu \phi \partial^\mu \phi - V (\phi) \right\}
\right. \nn
& + \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter} \left( g_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right) \Bigr] \, .
\end{align}
By the scale transformation of the metric,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV6}
g_{\mu\nu} = \e^{-\sigma} {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} \, ,
\end{equation}
the action~(\ref{FhGV5}) can be rewritten in the Einstein frame,
and it is equal to,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV7}
S_\mathrm{E} =& \int d^4 x \sqrt{-\tilde g} \left[ \frac{1}{2\kappa^2} \left\{
\tilde R - \frac{3}{2} \partial_\mu \sigma \partial^\mu \sigma
- \frac{1}{2} \e^{-\sigma} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\mu \phi \partial^\mu \phi
- U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \right\}
+ \e^{-2\sigma} \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter}
\left( \e^{-\sigma} {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right) \right] \, , \nn
U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \equiv &
\e^{-\sigma} A\left( \phi , \sigma\right)
+ \e^{-2\sigma} \left\{ - F\left(A \left( \phi , \sigma\right) \right)
- h(\phi) G \left( A\left( \phi , \sigma\right) \right)
+ V (\phi) \right\} \, .
\end{align}
In addition to Eq.~(\ref{FhGV4}), the condition that ensures the
absence of ghost degrees of freedom is,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV8} \omega (\phi ) > 0 \, ,
\end{equation}
which is clearly satisfied by the gravitational action~(\ref{mainaction}).
Also, let us quote here a marginal remark,
related to the swampland criteria, which is the following, the
constraint given by the so-called | -0.053329 | -1.054969 | -0.168285 | 2.43917 | [
-0.28103779919875965,
0.1743792809433282
] | [
-1.1803130489319913,
-0.9296250475486306
] | [
-0.24944480739430086,
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] | 1,328,680 | 4,096 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
swampland conjecture could have
the following form,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV9}
\sqrt{ \frac{1}{3} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial \sigma} \right)^2
+ \frac{\e^\sigma}{\omega(\phi)} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial \phi} \right)^2 }
\geq c U \, ,
\end{equation}
with a constant $c$. Since $B=\e^\sigma$, Eq.~(\ref{FhGV3})
yields,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV9B}
0=- \e^\sigma d\sigma + \left( F''(A) + h(\phi) G''(A) \right) dA + h'(\phi) G'(A) d\phi\, ,
\end{equation}
and we obtain,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV9C}
\frac{\partial A(\phi,\sigma)}{\partial \phi}
= - \frac{h'(\phi) G'(A)}{F''(A) + h(\phi) G''(A)}\, , \quad
\frac{\partial A(\phi,\sigma)}{\partial \sigma}
= - \frac{\e^\sigma}{F''(A) + h(\phi) G''(A)}\, ,
\end{equation}
which in conjunction with Eqs.~(\ref{FhGV3}) and (\ref{FhGV7}),
indicates that,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV9D}
\frac{\partial U}{\partial \sigma} =
- \e^{-\sigma} A - 2 \e^{-2\sigma} \left( - F(A) - h(\phi) G(A) + V (\phi) \right) \, , \quad
\frac{\partial U}{\partial \phi} = \e^{-2\sigma} V'(\phi) \, .
\end{align}
Then since $A=R$ in the original Jordan frame action, and
$B=\e^\sigma$, by using Eq.~(\ref{FhGV3}), we can rewrite the
condition (\ref{FhGV9}), as follows,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV9F}
& \left[ \frac{1}{3}
\left\{ - \frac{R}{F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R)}
- \frac{ 2 \left( - F(R) - h(\phi) G(R) + V (\phi) \right)}
{ \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)^2} \right\}^2
+ \frac{\omega(\phi) \left( V' (\phi) \right)^2}{\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)^3}
\right]^{\frac{1}{2}} \nn
& \geq c \left[ \frac{R}{F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R)}
+ \frac{ - F(R) - h(\phi) G(R) + V (\phi) }
{ \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)^2} \right] \, .
\end{align}
As an example, we consider the following model,
\begin{equation}
\label{Ex1}
F(R) = R + f_0 R^2 \, , \quad h(\phi) G(R) = h_0 \phi^{-\delta} R^\gamma \, .
\end{equation}
Here $f_0$, $h_0$, $\delta$, and $\gamma$ are constants and we may assume
$\delta>0$ and $0<\gamma<3/4$.
Then Eq.~(\ref{FhGV3}) has the following form
\begin{equation}
\label{Ex2}
B = 1 + 2 f_0 R + \gamma h_0 \phi^{-\delta} R^{\gamma - 1}\, ,
\end{equation}
and the condition~(\ref{FhGV9F}) gives
\begin{align}
\label{Ex2} & \sqrt{ \frac{1}{3} \left( R + \left( 2 - \gamma
\right) h_0 \phi^{-\delta} R^\gamma - V(\phi) \right)^2 +
\omega(\phi) \left | -0.155884 | -0.961856 | 0.066317 | 2.241466 | [
-0.07455922827719652,
-0.2372081854707993
] | [
-0.736237160767181,
-1.1874755632572302
] | [
0.21215105922563612,
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] | 1,328,680 | 5,120 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
( V'(\phi) \right)^2 \left( 1 + 2 f_0 R + \gamma
h_0 \phi^{-\delta} R^{\gamma - 1} \right) } \nn & \leq c \left(
f_0 R^2 + \left( \gamma - 1 \right) h_0 \phi^{-\delta} R^\gamma +
V(\phi) \right) \, ,
\end{align}
which constrains the value of $h_0$ and the non-minimal coupling
$h(\phi)$ in general.
\section{General Dynamics in the Jordan Frame: Inflation and Intermediate Eras\label{Sec2}}
In this section we shall discuss the dynamical evolution of the
scalar-$F(R)$ gravity gravitational system, which is governed by
the equations of motion. Also we shall show how the gravitational
equations can be used as a reconstruction technique, and in effect
an arbitrary cosmological evolution may be realized by the theory
at hand.
By varying the action~(\ref{FhGV1}) with respect to the metric, we
obtain the following equations of motion,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV10}
0 = & \frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu} \left( F(R) + h(\phi) G(R) \right)
- R_{\mu\nu} \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
- g_{\mu\nu} \Box \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \nabla_\mu \nabla_\nu \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right) \nn
& + \frac{1}{2} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\mu \phi \partial_\nu \phi
+ \frac{1}{2} g_{\mu\nu} \left( - \frac{1}{2} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\rho \phi \partial^\rho \phi
- V \left( \phi \right) \right)
+ \frac{\kappa^2}{2}T_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu}\, ,
\end{align}
where $T_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu}$ is the energy-momentum tensor
of the matter fluids present. On the other hand, the variation of
the action~(\ref{FhGV1}) with respect to the scalar field $\phi$
gives,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV11}
0 = \partial^\mu \left( \omega(\phi) \partial_\mu \phi \right)
+ h'(\phi) G(R) - V'(\phi) \, .
\end{equation}
In a spatially flat FRW universe,
\begin{equation}
\label{JGRG14}
ds^2 = - dt^2 + a(t)^2 \sum_{i=1,2,3} \left(dx^i\right)^2\, ,
\end{equation}
and by assuming that the scalar field $\phi$ depends only on the
cosmological time $t$, the $(t,t)$ and $(i,j)$ components of
(\ref{FhGV10}) have the following form,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV12}
0 =& -\frac{1}{2}\left( F(R) + h(\phi) G(R) \right)
+ 3\left(H^2 + \dot H\right) \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
- 3H \frac{d}{dt} \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right) \nn
& + \frac{1}{4} \omega (\phi ) {\dot\phi}^2 + \frac{1}{2} V \left( \phi \right)
+ \kappa^2 \rho \, ,\\
\label{FhGV13}
0 =& \frac{1}{2} \left( F(R) + h(\phi) G(R) \right)
- \left(\dot H + 3H^2\right) \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \left( \frac{d^2}{dt^ | -0.365958 | -1.139129 | -0.203792 | 2.00214 | [
-0.30363744377723917,
-0.4282779078161264
] | [
-1.1194316771674608,
-1.1588255059562746
] | [
-0.203792468937384,
-0.203792468937384
] | [
2.1166000179089077,
1.8876794343026537
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,680 | 6,144 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
2} + 2 H \frac{d}{dt} \right)
\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
\nn
& + \frac{1}{4} \omega (\phi ) {\dot\phi}^2 - \frac{1}{2} V \left(
\phi \right) + \kappa^2 p \, ,
\end{align}
where, the Hubble rate $H$ is defined by $H=\dot a/a$ and the
scalar curvature $R$ is given by $R=12H^2 + 6\dot H$. Furthermore
$\rho$ and $p$ are the energy density and the pressure of the
matter fluids, respectively. By using the ambiguity for the
redefinition of the scalar field $\phi$, we may identify $\phi=t$.
Then Eqs.~(\ref{FhGV12}) and (\ref{FhGV13}) can be rewritten as,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV14}
\omega (\phi ) =& - 2 \left. \left\{ 2 \dot H \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \left( \frac{d^2}{dt^2} - H \frac{d}{dt} \right)
\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \kappa^2 \left( \rho + p \right) \right\} \right|_{t=\phi} \, ,\\
\label{FhGV15}
V \left( \phi \right) =& \Bigl[ F(R) + h(\phi) G(R)
- \left(4 \dot H + 6 H^2\right) \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \left( \frac{d^2}{dt^2} + 5 H \frac{d}{dt} \right)
\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right) \nn
& \left. - \kappa^2 \left( \rho - p \right) \Bigr] \right|_{t=\phi}\, ,
\end{align}
Then given an arbitrary cosmological evolution $H(t)$, by using
the equation of state and the continuity equation, we may find the
explicit $t$ dependencies of $\rho $ and $p $. Then the right hand
side of both Eqs.~(\ref{FhGV14}) and (\ref{FhGV15}) is expressed
as a function of the cosmic time $t$. Since $\phi=t$, by replacing
$t$ with $\phi$ in the right hand side of both Eqs.~(\ref{FhGV14})
and (\ref{FhGV15}), we obtain the explicit forms of $\omega(\phi)$
and $V(\phi)$ as functions of the scalar field $\phi$. This
indicates that an arbitrary expansion history of the Universe
described by $H=H(t)$ can be realized by choosing $\omega(\phi)$
and $V(\phi)$ to satisfy Eqs.~(\ref{FhGV14}) and (\ref{FhGV15})
for any form of $F(R)$, $G(R)$, and $h(\phi)$. As an example, we
consider the model in which the scale factor is,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGVex1} a = \mathcal{A} (t) \equiv a_0 \e^{ \frac{\left(
H_I - H_L \right) t}{1 + H_T t} + H_L t }\, ,
\end{equation}
where $a_0$, $H_I$, $H_T$, and $H_L$ are dimensionful constants.
Then, Eq.~(\ref{FhGVex1}) yields,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGVex2}
H = \mathcal{H}(t) \equiv \frac{\left( H_I - H_L \right) }{ \left(1 + H_T t\right)^2 } + H_L \, .
\end{equation}
In effect, cosmic times for which $t\ll \frac{1}{H_T}$, $H\sim
H_I$, correspond to the inflationary era in the early Universe and
cosmic times for | -0.035866 | -1.033482 | 0.07139 | 2.095789 | [
-0.22419626889531108,
0.15246447407934802
] | [
-1.1695692774441329,
-0.8973937330850558
] | [
-0.18096629970892558,
0.323745664342544
] | [
2.241465790785046,
1.9501123207407232
] | 1,024 | [
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363
] | 1,328,680 | 7,168 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
which $t\gg \frac{1}{H_T}$, $H\sim H_L$,
correspond to the accelerated expansion of the late Universe. We
also find that the scalar curvature $R$ is given by,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGVex3}
R = \mathcal{R} (t)
\equiv 12 \left\{ \left( \frac{\left( H_I - H_L \right) }{ \left(1 + H_T t\right)^2 }
+ H_L \right)^2 - \frac{\left( H_I - H_L \right) H_T }{ \left(1 + H_T t\right)^3 }
\right\} \, .
\end{equation}
When the matter has a constant EoS parameter $w\equiv
\frac{p}{\rho}$, $\rho$ is given by $\rho = \rho_0 a^{-3 \left(
1+w \right)}$ with a constant $\rho_0$. Then Eqs.~(\ref{FhGV14})
and (\ref{FhGV15}) indicate that the Universe whose evolution in
the expansion is given by (\ref{FhGVex1}) is realized by choosing,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV14ex}
\omega (\phi ) =& - 4 \mathcal{H}' \left(\phi \right)
\left( F'\left(\mathcal{R} \left(\phi \right) \right)
+ h(\phi) G'\left(\mathcal{R}\left(\phi\right) \right) \right)
- 2\left( \frac{d^2}{d\phi^2} - \mathcal{H} \left( \phi \right) \frac{d}{d\phi} \right)
\left( F'\left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right)
+ h(\phi) G' \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right) \right) \nn
& -2 \kappa^2 \left( 1 + w \right) \rho_0
\left( \mathcal{A} \left(\phi \right) \right)^{-3(1+w)} \, ,\\
\label{FhGV15ex}
V \left( \phi \right) =& F \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right)
+ h(\phi) G \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right)
- \left(4 \mathcal{H}' \left( \phi \right) + 6 \mathcal{H} \left(\phi\right)^2\right)
\left( F' \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right)
+ h(\phi) G' \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right) \right) \nn
& + \left( \frac{d^2}{d\phi^2} + 5 \mathcal{H} \left( \phi \right) \frac{d}{d\phi} \right)
\left( F' \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right)
+ h(\phi) G' \left( \mathcal{R} \left( \phi \right) \right) \right)
- \kappa^2 \left( 1 - w \right) \rho_0 \left( \mathcal{A} \left(\phi \right)
\right)^{-3(1+w)} \, .
\end{align}
Here the functions $F(R)$, $G(R)$, and $h(\phi)$ can be arbitrary but we may choose
them as in (\ref{Ex1}).
\section{Gravitational Waves of the Axion-$F(R)$ Gravity Theory\label{Sec3}}
We now consider the gravitational wave based on the action~(\ref{FhGV7})
in the Einstein frame by considering the
perturbation of the background ${\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} = {\tilde
g^{(0)}}_{\mu\nu}$ as ${\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} = {\tilde
g^{(0)}}_{\mu\nu} + {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}$ in the Einstein equation,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV1 | -0.224881 | -1.11406 | -0.263394 | 2.111397 | [
0.015496931179471976,
-0.46525914439909294
] | [
-0.6610307603521729,
-1.5670888224948905
] | [
-0.051618007414327864,
-0.4751702586535008
] | [
2.199843866493,
2.022950688251804
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | [
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29905,
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29912,
29943,
29882,
22928,
29896
] | 1,328,680 | 8,192 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
6}
{\tilde R}_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2} {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} {\tilde R}
= 3 \partial_\mu \sigma \partial_\nu \sigma
+ \e^{-\sigma} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\mu \phi \partial_\nu \phi
+ {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} \left( - \frac{3}{2} \partial_\rho \sigma \partial^\rho \sigma
- \frac{1}{2} \e^{-\sigma} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\rho \phi \partial^\rho \phi
- U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \right)
+ \kappa^2 {\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu} \, .
\end{equation}
Here the matter energy momentum tensor ${\tilde
T}_{\mathrm{matter}}^{\mu\nu}$ in the Einstein frame is,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV17O}
{\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}}^{\mu\nu} \equiv \frac{2}{\sqrt{- \tilde g}}
\frac{\partial \left( \sqrt{- \tilde g} \e^{-2\sigma} \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter}
\left( \e^{-\sigma} {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right) \right)}
{\partial {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu}} \, .
\end{equation}
If the matter fluids couple minimally with gravity, that is, if
the matter Lagrangian $ \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter} \left(
\e^{-\sigma} {\tilde g}_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right) =
\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{matter} \left( g_{\mu\nu}, \Phi_i \right)$
does not include any derivative of the metric $g_{\mu\nu}$, the
matter energy momentum tensor ${\tilde
T}_{\mathrm{matter}}^{\mu\nu}$ in the Einstein frame is related
with the matter energy momentum tensor
$T_{\mathrm{matter}}^{\mu\nu}$ in the original Jordan frame as
${\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}}^{\mu\nu} = \e^{-3\sigma}
T_{\mathrm{matter}}^{\mu\nu}$, that is, ${\tilde
T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu} = \e^{-\sigma} T_{\mathrm{matter}\,
\mu\nu}$. When we consider the gravitational wave, we often use
the transverse and traceless gauge conditions. Since we are
considering the scale transformation~(\ref{FhGV6}), if
$h_{\mu\nu}$, which is defined by the fluctuation from the
background metric $g_{\mu\nu} = g^{(0)}_{\mu\nu}$ as $g_{\mu\nu} =
g^{(0)}_{\mu\nu} + h_{\mu\nu}$ in the original frame in
the action~(\ref{FhGV1}), satisfies the transverse and traceless gauge
conditions,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV17} \nabla^\mu h_{\mu\nu} = g^{(0)\, \mu\nu} h_{\mu\nu}
= 0 \, .
\end{equation}
However, the scale transformed fluctuation ${\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} =
\e^\sigma h_{\mu\nu}$ does not always satisfies the first
condition in (\ref{FhGV17}), although the second condition is
trivially satisfied, ${\tilde g}^{(0)\, \mu\nu} {\tilde
h}_{\mu\nu} = \e^{-\sigma} g^{(0)\, \mu\nu} \e^\sigma h_{\mu\nu} =
g^{(0)\, \mu\nu} h_{\mu\nu} = 0$. For the first condition in
(\ref{FhGV17}), under the scale transformation, we find,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV18}
& \tilde{\nabla}^\mu \tilde{h}_{\mu}^{\ \nu}
= \e^{-\sigma} \nabla^\mu h_{\mu\nu}
+ 4 \e^{-\sigma} g^{(0)\, \mu\tau} g^{(0)\, \nu\rho} \sigma_{,\tau} h_{\mu\rho}
- \e^{-\sigma} g^{(0)\, \nu\rho}\sigma_{,\rho} g^{(0)\, \mu\tau} h_{\mu | -0.515252 | -1.31282 | -0.512421 | 2.17383 | [
-0.45293206553810406,
-0.5775725295769912
] | [
-1.309238306786291,
-1.31640082111153
] | [
-0.4732680778844626,
-0.5515745195432019
] | [
2.3663315636611846,
1.9813287639597577
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | [
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] | 1,328,680 | 9,216 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
\tau}
= 4 \e^{-\sigma} g^{(0)\, \mu\tau} g^{(0)\, \nu\rho} \sigma_{,\tau} h_{\mu\rho} \, .
\end{align}
Then if we assume that a homogeneous and isometric background
metric, and therefore $\sigma$ only depends on the cosmological
time $t$ and also $g^{(0)}_{ti}=0$, then if we consider the
perturbation with $h_{t\mu}=0$ since we are considering the
massless spin 2 mode, we find,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV19} \tilde{\nabla}^\mu \tilde{h}_{\mu}^{\ \nu} =
{\tilde g}^{(0)\, \mu\nu} {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} = 0\, .
\end{equation}
Therefore the gauge conditions in (\ref{FhGV17}) for the graviton are not changed
by the scale transformation,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV21}
{\tilde\nabla}^\mu {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} = {\tilde g}^{(0)\, \mu\nu} {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} = 0 \, .
\end{equation}
Then under the condition~(\ref{FhGV21}), the equation for the
gravitational wave can be written as follows,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV22}
0 =& \frac{1}{2\kappa^2}\left(- \frac{1}{2}\left( - {\tilde \Box}^{(0)} {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}
- 2{\tilde R}^{(0)\, \lambda\ \rho}_{\ \ \ \ \ \nu\ \mu} {\tilde h}_{\lambda\rho}
+ {\tilde R}^{(0)\, \rho}_{\ \ \ \ \ \mu}{\tilde h}_{\rho\nu}
+ {\tilde R}^{(0)\, \rho}_{\ \ \ \ \ \nu}{\tilde h}_{\rho\mu} \right)
+ \frac{1}{2} R^{(0)} h_{\mu\nu}
- \frac{1}{2}{\tilde g}^{(0)}_{\mu\nu} {\tilde h}_{\rho\sigma}
{\tilde R}^{(0)\, \rho\sigma} \right) \nn
& + {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} \left( - \frac{3}{2} \partial_\rho \sigma \partial^\rho \sigma
- \frac{1}{2} \e^{-\sigma} \omega (\phi ) \partial_\rho \phi \partial^\rho \phi
- U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \right)
- {\tilde g}^{(0)}_{\mu\nu} \left( \frac{3}{2} \partial^\rho \sigma \partial^\tau \sigma
- \frac{1}{2} \e^{-\sigma} \omega (\phi ) \partial^\rho \phi \partial^\tau \phi
\right) {\tilde h}_{\rho\tau} \nn
& + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial {\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu}}
{\partial {\tilde g}_{\rho\tau}}
{\tilde h}_{\rho\tau} \, .
\end{align}
We are now interested in the massless spin two mode, which
satisfies,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV23}
{\tilde h}_{it}={\tilde h}_{ti}=h_{it}=h_{ti}=0\, , \quad
\sum_{i=1,2,3} {\tilde h}_{ii}=\sum_{i=1,2,3} h_{ii}=0 \, , \quad i=1,2,3\, ,
\quad {\tilde h}_{tt}=h_{tt}=0 \, .
\end{equation}
In the spatially flat FRW universe in the Einstein frame,
\begin{equation}
\label{JGRG14E}
d{\tilde s}^2 \equiv \e^{\sigma} ds^2 = - d{\tilde t}^2
+ {\tilde a} \left( \tilde t \right)^2 \sum_{i=1,2,3} \left(dx^i\right)^2\, ,
\end{equation}
where $d{\tilde t}\equiv \e^{\frac{\sigma}{2}} dt$ and $\tilde a
\left( \tilde t \right) \equiv \e^{\frac{\sigma}{2}} a(t)$, due to
| -0.415266 | -1.234032 | -0.30651 | 2.121803 | [
-0.5173068107010458,
-0.3132251717802305
] | [
-1.2805882494853356,
-1.1874755632572302
] | [
-0.4244454381458154,
-0.1885750227850784
] | [
2.043761650397827,
2.199843866493
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,680 | 10,240 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
the isometry in the spacial part, we may assume,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV24}
\frac{\partial {\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, tt}}{\partial{\tilde g}_{ij}} \propto \delta^{ij} \, , \quad
\frac{\partial {\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, tk}}{\partial {\tilde g}_{ij}}
= \frac{\partial {\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, kt}}{\partial {\tilde g}_{ij}} = 0 \, .
\end{equation}
We may further assume that the matter energy-momentum tensor~(\ref{FhGV17O})
in the Einstein frame has the following form as in the perfect fluid,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV25}
{\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu} =\tilde\rho {\tilde U}_\mu {\tilde U}_\nu
+ \tilde p {\tilde\gamma}_{\mu\nu} \, .
\end{equation}
Here $\left( \tilde U^\mu \right)$ is the four velocity of the matter
fluid and we now assume $\tilde U^0=1$ and $\tilde U^i=0$. In
Eq.~(\ref{FhGV25}), ${\tilde\gamma}_{\mu\nu}$ is the projection
tensor to the spatial directions perpendicular to $\tilde U^\mu$,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV26}
{\tilde\gamma}_{\mu\nu}={\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} + {\tilde U}_\mu {\tilde U}_\nu\, .
\end{equation}
We now also assume that the matter fluid minimally couples with
the metric ${\tilde g}_{\mu\nu}$, that is, the coupling between
the matter fluids and the metric does not include the derivative
of the metric. Then, under the perturbation ${\tilde g}_{\mu\nu} =
{\tilde g}^{(0)}_{\mu\nu} + {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}$, we find,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV27}
\delta \tilde \rho = {\tilde \rho}^{\mu\nu} {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}\, , \quad
\delta \tilde p = {\tilde p}^{\mu\nu} {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}\, .
\end{equation}
On the other hand, the variation of ${\tilde U}_\mu$ is given by
using the condition ${\tilde U}^\mu {\tilde U}_\mu = -1$, that is,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV29}
0 = 2 \left( \delta {\tilde U}^\mu \right)
+ {\tilde U}^\mu {\tilde U}^\nu {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}
= {\tilde U}^\mu \left( 2 {\tilde g}^{(0)}_{\mu\nu} \delta {\tilde U}^\nu
+ {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} {\tilde U}^\nu \right)\, ,
\end{equation}
and hence we have,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV30}
0 = 2 \left( \delta {\tilde U}^\mu \right)
+ {\tilde U}^\mu {\tilde U}^\nu {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu}
= {\tilde U}^\mu \left( 2 {\tilde g}^{(0)}_{\mu\nu} \delta {\tilde U}^\nu
+ {\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} {\tilde U}^\nu \right)\, ,
\end{equation}
or equivalently,
\begin{equation}
\label{FhGV31} \delta {\tilde U}^\mu = - \frac{1}{2} {\tilde
g}^{(0)\, \mu\rho} \left( {\tilde h}_{\rho\nu} {\tilde U}^\nu +
l_\rho \right)\, .
\end{equation}
Note that the arbitrary vector $l_\mu$ satisfies ${\tilde U}^\mu
l_\mu = 0$, but we choose $l_\mu=0$ by assuming the isometry. Due
to the isometry, we may assume $\rho^{ij}$ and $p^{ij}$ are
proportional to $\delta^{ij}$, Then the $(t,t)$ and $(t,i)$
components of equation for gravitational wave (\ref{FhGV22}) are
trivially satisfied and the $(i,j)$ component is given by,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV32}
0 =& \frac{1}{2\ | -0.389927 | -1.337888 | -0.346456 | 2.147816 | [
0.036042062614453384,
-0.8158960542227757
] | [
-0.9940876764757806,
-1.6816890516987124
] | [
0.08787524898180694,
-0.7807873022123052
] | [
2.491197336537323,
1.8044355857185614
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,680 | 11,264 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
kappa^2}\left( \frac{1}{2}
\left( - \partial_{\tilde t}^2 {\tilde h}_{ij} + {\tilde a}^{-2} \triangle {\tilde h}_{ij} \right)
+ \left( 3 \frac{d \tilde H}{d\tilde t} + 4 {\tilde H}^2 \right) {\tilde h}_{ij}
+ {\tilde h}_{ij} \left( \frac{3}{2} \left( \frac{d \sigma}{d\tilde t} \right)^2
+ \frac{1}{2} \e^{-\sigma} \omega (\phi )
\left( \frac{d \phi}{d\tilde t} \right)^2
- U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \right) \right)
+ \frac{1}{2} \tilde p {\tilde h}_{ij} \nn
=& \frac{1}{2\kappa^2}\left( \frac{1}{2}
\left( - \partial_{\tilde t}^2 {\tilde h}_{ij} + {\tilde a}^{-2} \triangle {\tilde h}_{ij} \right)
+ \left( 3 \frac{d \tilde H}{d\tilde t} + 4 {\tilde H}^2 \right) {\tilde h}_{ij}
+ {\tilde h}_{ij} \left( \frac{3}{2} \left( \frac{d \sigma}{d\tilde t} \right)^2
+ \frac{1}{2} \e^{-2\sigma} \omega (\phi )
- U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \right) \right)
+ \frac{1}{2} \tilde p {\tilde h}_{ij} \, .
\end{align}
Here we have used $\left( \frac{d \phi}{d\tilde t} \right)^2
=\left( \frac{dt}{d\tilde t} \right)^2 = \e^{-\sigma}$. We may
rewrite Eq.~(\ref{FhGV32}) in the original Jordan frame. Since,
${\tilde h}_{\mu\nu} = \e^\sigma h_{\mu\nu}$ and $\tilde a =
\e^{\frac{\sigma}{2}} a$, we find,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV33}
\frac{\partial}{\partial \tilde t} =& \e^{-\frac{\sigma}{2}} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \, , \quad
\frac{\partial^2}{\partial \tilde t^2} = \e^{-\sigma}
\left( \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2 } - \frac{1}{2}\frac{d\sigma}{dt} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}
\right) \, , \nn
\tilde H =& \frac{1}{\tilde a} \frac{d \tilde a}{d\tilde t}
= \e^{-\frac{\sigma}{2}} \left( \frac{1}{2} \frac{d \sigma }{d t} + H \right) \, , \quad
\frac{d \tilde H}{d\tilde t} = \e^{-\tilde \sigma} \left( \frac{1}{2} \frac{d^2 \sigma}{dt^2}
+ \frac{1}{4} \left( \frac{d \sigma}{dt} \right)^2 + \frac{d H}{dt} \right) \, , \nn
\frac{\partial^2 {\tilde h}_{ij}}{\partial \tilde t^2} =&
\frac{\partial^2 h_{ij} }{\partial t^2} + \frac{d^2 \sigma}{dt^2} h_{ij}
+ \left( \frac{d\sigma}{dt} \right)^2 h_{ij}
+ 2 \frac{d \sigma}{dt} \frac{\partial h_{ij}}{\partial t}
- \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{d \sigma}{dt} \right)^2 \frac{\partial h_{ij}}{\partial t}
- \frac{1}{2}\frac{d\sigma}{dt} \frac{\partial h_{ij}}{\partial t} \nn
=& \frac{\partial^2 h_{ij} }{\partial t^2} + \frac{d^2 \sigma}{dt^2} h_{ij}
+ \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{d\sigma}{dt} \right)^2 h_{ij}
+ \ | -0.504295 | -1.51337 | -0.446638 | 2.090586 | [
-0.3351399786442107,
-0.6734498096069045
] | [
-1.3951884786891575,
-1.6315514514220404
] | [
-0.4263476189148536,
-0.46692747532100193
] | [
2.241465790785046,
1.9397068396677115
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,328,680 | 12,288 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
frac{3}{2} \frac{d \sigma}{dt} \frac{\partial h_{ij}}{\partial t} \, ,
\end{align}
Then, due to the fact that $\tilde p = \e^{-2\sigma} p$ from
(\ref{FhGV25}) (${\tilde T}_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu} =
\e^{-\sigma} T_{\mathrm{matter}\, \mu\nu}$ and
${\tilde\gamma}_{\mu\nu} = \e^\sigma \gamma_{\mu\nu}$),
Eq.~(\ref{FhGV32}) is rewritten as follows,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV34}
0 =& \frac{1}{2\kappa^2}\left( \frac{1}{2}
\left( - \partial_t^2 h_{ij} + \frac{3}{2} \dot\sigma \partial_t h_{ij}
+ \left( \ddot\sigma + {\dot\sigma}^2 \right) h_{ij} + a^{-2} \triangle h_{ij} \right) \right. \nn
& \left. + \left( 3 \dot H + 4 H^2 + \frac{3}{2} \ddot \sigma + \frac{13}{4} {\dot \sigma}^2
+ 4 \dot\sigma H + \frac{1}{2} \omega (\phi ) {\dot\phi}^2
- \e^{\sigma} U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \right) h_{ij} \right)
+ \frac{1}{2}\e^{-\sigma} p h_{ij} \, .
\end{align}
We should note that $\e^\sigma$ is given in Eq.~(\ref{FhGV3}) and
$U \left( \phi, \sigma \right)$ is given in Eq.~(\ref{FhGV7}).
Then in terms of the Jordan frame, we find,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV35}
\sigma = & \ln \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right) \, , \nn
U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) = & \e^{-\sigma} R
+ \e^{-2\sigma} \left\{ - F\left( R \right) - h(\phi) G \left( R \right)
+ V (\phi) \right\} \nn
= & \frac{R \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
- F\left( R \right) - h(\phi) G \left( R \right)
+ V (\phi) }{\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)^2} \, .
\end{align}
By choosing $\phi=t$ and using (\ref{FhGV14}) and (\ref{FhGV15}),
we obtain,
\begin{align}
\label{FhGV36}
\frac{1}{2} & \omega (\phi ) {\dot\phi}^2 - \e^{\sigma} U \left( \phi, \sigma \right) \nn
=& - \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)^{-1}
\left( 2 \dot H \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \left( \frac{d^2}{dt^2} - H \frac{d}{dt} \right)
\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
+ \kappa^2 \left( \rho + p \right) \right. \nn
& - \left( \left( 12 H^2 + 6 \dot H \right) \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right)
- \left(4 \dot H + 6 H^2\right) \left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right) \right. \nn
& \left. \left. + \left( \frac{d^2}{dt^2} + 5 H \frac{d}{dt} \right)
\left( F'(R) + h(\phi) G'(R) \right) - \kappa^2 \left( \rho - p
\right) \right) \ | -0.259808 | -1.355795 | -0.290659 | 2.048964 | [
-0.12968866429439663,
-0.38992699580416107
] | [
-1.130175448655319,
-1.5814138511453681
] | [
-0.15560388945508288,
-0.4257135586585076
] | [
2.158221942200954,
1.9397068396677115
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,328,680 | 13,312 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
Baking, Recipe, Savory
Sweet (Northern) Cornbread
I am not from the South. As a result, the only cornbread I've had is closer to cake than actual, southern cornbread. Actually, I've had southern cornbread; I just try to push the memories of bitter, crumbly cornbread out of my mind because it's not the cornbread I know and love.
I've tried a few recipes, and I've found I most like those that call for equal amounts of flour and cornmeal. And, of course, the ones that call for lots of sugar. My bag of cornmeal tried to convince me that 1 tablespoon of sugar would be sufficient. Even more insultingly, it added in parentheses that the tablespoon of sugar was "optional." How dare you, Bob's Red Mill. Sugar is never optional. I laughed in Bob's face as I added a heaping half-cup of sugar to the batter. Shauna 1, Bob 0.
Baking, Cookie, Dessert
It took me a while to find this recipe–which is kind of sad, considering it came out when I was five years old. But since the age of seven when I first began baking these cookies, I always used the Nestle Tollhouse recipe. It never occurred to me to try another until the New York Times article came out in 2008. Reading such a detailed breakdown of the chocolate chip cookie was an eye-opener. I tried its suggestion of refrigerating the dough for 36 hours, but I don't have the patience for that. The article did, however, teach me to (a) sprinkle sea salt over the cookies before baking, and (b) switch to a better quality chocolate chip going forward (Ghirardelli's 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate chips has been my go-to chocolate chip ever since). The recipe was good, but what I really wanted was a chewy chocolate chip cookie–and so began a five-year process of trying out different chocolate chip cookie recipes.
Baking, Breakfast, Dessert, Recipe
Cinnamon Rolls with Cream Cheese Icing
People can go a little overboard with the "Once you make X, you'll never want to buy it from stores again!" guarantee. Because no matter how delicious that bread I baked was, I can promise you that I'm still going to buy sliced bread for my sandwiches. The same goes for many things, especially anything involving a large vat of oil, like donuts.
But it is true of some things, at least for me. For most of my life, the only cinnamon rolls I had came from a Pillsbury tube, or from a Cinnabon store at the mall. And I was content with those. But then one day, in the summer of 2009, my friend Kate and I had some leftover yeast after making pizza dough and we used it to make cinnamon rolls from scratch–and nothing was ever the same. Homemade cinnamon rolls have ruined me, to the extent that I have no interest in the Pillsbury or storebought ones, even if presented to me on a platter (which is really quite rude of me, to reject something I've been offered. I told you they ruined me).
The bun is just so soft–not flaky like the Pillsbury ones, but soft in the way that freshly baked bread is meant to be. The bottoms are slightly chewy after absorbing the brown sugar-cinnamon-butter mixture that melts to the bottom of the pan as the rolls bake. And the cream cheese frosting has an actual cream cheese-y tang to it because it hasn't been smothered with too much sugar. Once I tried that combination of deliciousness, there was no going back.
Dessert, Ice cream, Recipe
Strawberry Cheesecake Chunk Ice Cream
I was fifteen when my best friend, Kate, told me about this ice cream. She was telling me about having dinner at her then-boyfriend's house the night before. She glossed over the evening itself and skipped straight to the dessert, which, really, is the most important part of any story. The dessert, she said, was strawberry cheesecake ice | 0.978379 | -0.569261 | 0.214687 | -1.353628 | [
0.6660927599538832,
1.2906647555773179
] | [
-0.6646120175147923,
-0.4739100736053073
] | [
0.30852821819023835,
0.12084638231180245
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-1.2651813308198419,
-1.4420745090610378
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Of Christ's Kingdom
Herald Magazines in Tamil Language
Herald Magazine Index Sorted by Theme, Article Title and Author
Bible (RVIC)
RVIC Bible (pdf)
Search Heraldmag.org
Habakkuk, the Unknown Prophet
By Herald Magazine on May 1, 2018
"And Jehovah answered me, and said, Write the vision, and make it plain upon the tablets, that he may run that readeth it. For the vision is yet for the appointed time, and it hasteth toward the end, and shall not lie: though it tarry, wait for it because it will surely come, it will not delay" (Habakkuk 2:2,3, RVIC. Other scriptures below from NASB 1995, unless otherwise noted.)
by Len Griehs
Listen to audio https://herald-magazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/2018_05-06_04_habakkuk-the-unknown-prophet.mp3
Although the theme text refers to Jehovah's reply to the prophet's question about Babylon, Bible students associate this theme text with the Chart of the Ages. It verifies that God has a plan and that it is possible to understand that plan by searching the scriptures with the aid of God's holy Spirit. The outcome of understanding the plan, the scripture says, is so that one may run. Strong's 7323, translated run in this verse, means "to run (for whatever reason, but especially to rush)." In Psalms 19:5 it appears as a "strong man to run" following the description of a bridegroom coming out of his chamber. Habakkuk's vision gives us the framework to see the final outcome of God's plan if we respond to the call of the bridegroom, consecrate our lives and run for the prize of the high calling in Christ Jesus (1 Corinthians 9:24, Philippians 3:14).
Habakkuk, the Prophet
Habakkuk is not mentioned outside of the book that bears his name. Because so little is known about him, dating his prophecy is difficult. His placement among the Minor Prophets and his prediction of the coming invasion of Babylon (1:6) suggests that Habakkuk lived in Judah during the final years of King Josiah's reign or perhaps the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim. After the fall of Nineveh, Babylon began its ascendancy in the Middle East. It was at the Battle of Carchemish, dated 605 BC by McClintock and Strong, that Babylonian king Nabopolassar's son, Nebuchadnezzar, routed Egyptian forces and destroyed them at Hamath, in Syria (2 Chronicles 35:20, Jeremiah
46:12).
The name "Habakkuk" means "one who embraces," and suggests that the theme of his book is the importance of embracing Jehovah regardless of what goes on around us. It exhorts the church of our day to embrace God as evil threatens to destroy our civilization. We must cling to the vision of God's plan moving forward at the correct pace, and that no evil can separate us from His love (Romans 8:37-39). In the book's three chapters, Habakkuk asks two questions and Jehovah God answers both. Satisfied with God's encouragement, Habakkuk offers a prayer of thanksgiving to Jehovah.
● Habakkuk's First Question: Why does the evil in Judah go unpunished (1:2-4)?
God's Answer: It will not remain so for long — the Babylonians will punish Judah (1:5-11).
Judah's rebellion against God accelerated during the reign of Manasseh. Idol worship was so ingrained in the people that even good king Josiah's reforms could not reverse the damage (2 Kings 23:26). During his 31-year reign, beginning at the age of eight (2 Chronicles 34), Josiah purged the land of idolatry. 2 Chronicles 35 tells of a Passover (verse 1 | 0.586823 | 0.564878 | 1.148024 | 0.627316 | [
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8) such as never had been since the days of Samuel. Unfortunately, Judah's corruption under Manasseh (2 Kings 21:11-15) was so thorough that Josiah's efforts could only postpone the punishment on Judah (2 Kings 23:26).
Sometime after this great Passover, Josiah encountered Egyptian Pharaoh Necho going to battle to assist the King of Assyria (2 Kings 23:29 NIV). Through ambassadors, Necho
told Josiah, "What have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah? I come not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war; and God hath commanded me to make haste: forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he destroy thee not" (2 Chronicles 35:21 RVIC). Necho's statement that God had sent him was not true. Still, Josiah persisted against Necho until he was killed in the battle (2 Chronicles 35:24).1 Historical evidence indicates that this occurred in 609 BC and that ultimately Jehoiakim (aka Eliakim) was placed on the throne of Judah (2 Kings 23:29,30,34). But prior to the installation of Jehoiakim, several events altered the direction of Judah.
(1) See What Pastor Russell Said, page 765, for a discussion of Josiah's violent death after God promised that he would die in peace (2 Kings 22:20).
First, the people called upon Jehoahaz, son of Josiah, to become king. Three months later, Pharaoh Necho removed him and spoiled the treasury — 100 talents of silver and a talent of gold — and replaced Jehoahaz with Josiah's 25-year-old son Eliakim, as the king, changing his name to Jehoiakim (2 Chronicles 36:2- 5). Jehoiakim taxed Judah substantially for some years and gave all the money to Necho (2 Kings 23:35). When Nebuchadnezzar, on the orders of his father, invaded Jerusalem, he captured Jehoiakim and took Daniel and other Israelites to Babylon (Daniel 1:1, 2 Chronicles 36:6, 2 Kings 24:1). Judah's independence came to an end.
While this subjection was a punishment on the nation, the captivity in Babylon was God's way of protecting his faithful (Jeremiah 24:5). Likening them to good figs (Jeremiah 24:3),
God promised that he would bring them again to their own land and they would not be removed again. But Zedekiah, the last king of Judah, was among the evil figs in Judah that were removed as a taunt and a curse (Jeremiah 24:9). Later, Jesus said that "Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles until the Times of the Gentiles be fulfilled" (Luke 21:24 KJV). This was the beginning of that prophetic fulfillment and
God's answer to Habakkuk's first question.
● Habakkuk's Second Question: How can a just God use wicked Babylon to punish a people more righteous than they (1:12-2:1)?
God's Answer: Babylon will be punished as well, and the faithful remnant of Judah will be rewarded (2:2-20).
Nebuchadnezzar claimed the throne as Babylon's king after the illness of his father, Nabopolassar. Judah's last king, Zedekiah, witnessed the slaughter of his sons before being blinded and transported to Babylon himself. Jerusalem was looted, its walls dismantled, and the temple and palace burned to the ground (2 Kings 25:6-10). All remaining resistance leaders were killed. Nebuchadnezzar would soon wipe out what remained of the southern kingdom of Israel. It is no wonder that Habakkuk lamented this punishment.
King Nebuchadnezzar (Nabu-kudurri-usur in Chaldean) plays a prominent role in the Book of Daniel. His vision of | 0.206909 | 1.129598 | 0.590051 | 0.899159 | [
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world history (Daniel 2), and his conversion to the one true God after punishment for his arrogance (Daniel 4:37), take up a significant part of the book. Under Nebuchadnezzar's rule, the sixsquare-mile city of Babylon never looked richer. Double walls surrounded the entire city. The Euphrates River flowed right through the heart of the city, giving nourishment to the Hanging Gardens. (2)
(2) Stephen M. Miller, Babylon: Who's Who and Where's Where in the Bible?
A record from the reign of Nabonidus, last ruler of the empire, says that in his third year he elevated his son, Belshazzar,3 as coregent to rule Babylon. Later, Nabonidus led an army through Syria and Lebanon and up to the oasis of Taima in northwest Arabia, where he retired and remained for the next ten years. (4)
The Handwriting on the Wall
At a feast sometime during 539 BC, a mysterious hand appeared and wrote, "MENE, MENE, TEKEL UPHARSIN" on the wall, announcing the overthrow of Babylon. "God has numbered your kingdom and put an end to it. You have been weighed on the scales and found deficient. Your kingdom has been divided and given over to the Medes and Persians" (Daniel 5:24-28). That very night, Darius the Mede slew Belshazzar.
The Persian account5 verifies the actions cited in Daniel's condemnation of Babylon (Daniel 5:23). Nabonidus ordered the collection of Babylon's idols in an effort to protect himself, but overwhelming opposition during the month of Tishri resulted in Cyrus' assault on the Tigris and Sippar. Nabonidus fled. Two days later, Ugbaru, governor of the Guti, and the army of Cyrus entered Babylon without a battle.6 The first great universal empire of Daniel 2:36-38 was no more. Cyrus decreed that the Israelites in captivity should return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple (Ezra 1:1-4). God's second answer to Habakkuk was complete. The faithful of Judah could come home. Habakkuk lays the question to rest, satisfied: "But the LORD is in His holy temple. Let all the earth be silent before him" (2:20).
(3) Belshazzar (Daniel 5:1) meaning "Bel, protect the king," was the son and viceroy of Nabonidus. He is called the "son" of Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 5:22, but the Aramaic term used in this section of Daniel could also mean "grandson" or "descendant" or even "successor." Likewise, "father" could mean "ancestor" or "predecessor" (see Daniel 5:2, 11, 13). Daniel 5:10 talks of "the queen" who appears at the banquet of Belshazzar. She could have been either the wife of Nebuchadnezzar, or the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar, or the wife of Nabonidus and not the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar.
(4) Harran Inscription H2.
(5) Among those who think Daniel is historically correct, it is the standard view that Darius and Cyrus refer to the same person. This was clarified by Donald Wiseman, of the British Museum, some time ago and is widely accepted today. Daniel 6:28 follows the same formula as 1 Chronicles 5:26, where Pul and Tilgathpilneser are equated (it is common knowledge among historians today that these two names refer to the same person). In addition, Cyrus was on occasion called "the Mede" because he ruled the kingdom of his maternal grandfather, who was Median.
(6) Grayson 1975, Chronicle 6.
● Habakkuk Closes with a Confession of Trust and Joy in God (Chapter 3).
Habakkuk had stationed himself on a watchtower to wait for God's answer to his questions (2:1). He now understands that God is working His plan. Habakkuk recounts, between | 0.76197 | 1.41968 | 0.912154 | 0.966794 | [
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verse 2 and 17, all the ways that God has worked on behalf of His people, especially the Exodus, and he said, in our vernacular, "I have forgotten all these things. Look how You worked. Though it did not seem to be something that we would understand at the time, all these acts of God worked to bring about what He had
planned. They brought us into the Promised Land. They made us a nation. God is wonderful, even though we do not understand."
So he now tells God, "Look at all your power, God. I am sorry that I forgot that. I let my fears get in the way" (Deuteronomy 33:2, Exodus 12:29, 30, Joshua 14:5, Exodus 14:21, Joshua 4:23, Joshua 21:43).
He prays that God would provide encouragement during the years of captivity to prevent disheartenment amongst the righteous. "In the midst of the years make it known; in wrath remember mercy" (verse 2). "Not one of the good promises which the LORD had made to the house of Israel failed; all came to pass" (Joshua 21:45). Habakkuk is both awestruck and reassured. He now breaks out in a song of faith, recorded in the last three verses of the book. "Though the fig tree should not blossom and there be no fruit on the vines, though the yield of the olive should fail and the fields produce no food, though the flock should be cut off from the fold and there be no cattle in the stalls, Yet I will exult in the LORD, I will rejoice in the God of my salvation" (3:17, 18 NASB).
The lesson for us: When we look at our world and lament, "Why do you delay, LORD, in dealing with this violent world?" Jehovah answers that His way of dealing with it is through the actions of the Lord's Great Army, a selfish and unrighteous group (Joel 2:2-11, Habakkuk 3:16). God told Habakkuk to write ("grave," Strong's 3789) the vision, and then he would understand God's work. Likewise, at the time of the end, God provided the writings of many who would open the understanding of His plan to deal with sin and evil in order for the final members of the Church to be able to endure and not doubt His wisdom (Daniel 12:4).
As Habakkuk recounted the multiple times God had protected and delivered His people, we, too, as the people of God at the end of the age, can now identify the fulfillment of God's word in the rule of the Gentiles (2,520 years, Luke 21:24), the appearance and death of Messiah, and the call to the Gentiles (70 weeks, Daniel 9:24-27), the Time of the End (1260 years, Daniel 12:7), the invisible presence of our returned Lord (1335 years, Daniel 12:12), and the restoration of Israel (Ezekiel 37). We, who are seeking God's righteousness, are to live in faith and not falter when we see the continued presence of evil. We need not cry, "How long, O Lord?" We have faith that the fulfillment of God's plan is according to His schedule, not ours. We may find discouraging the means used to bring the present evil world to a close, but we will find peace in God's absolute sovereignty, justice, and compassion. We should petition for God's will to be done, remembering that His work of making a new creation takes precedence over our personal concerns. In the midst of difficult times, we must remember that strong faith is not incompatible with fleshly weakness.
Habakkuk's words meant much to the Apostle Paul, who noted his example in both Romans 1:17 and Galatians 3:11 when discussing justification by faith. Later, he writes of the vision in Hebrews 10:37,38, associating it with the time of Jesus' second presence and admonishing us to continue in patient endurance during the worst of times, having faith that Jehovah God will keep | 1.30984 | -0.046397 | 1.17085 | 0.727468 | [
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"Viral" "Gospel Community Part 1" with Michael Goldsmith, 09-01-13, at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Viral" "A Gospel Reputation" with Ben Durbin, 07-28-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Viral" "Worship in a Hard Place" with Ben Durbin, 07-21-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Viral" "Led by the Spirit" with Ben Durbin, 07-14-13, at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
Parkland Chapel and The Bridge are pleased to announce that we are co-hosting a special event on Monday night, July 15th @ 7 PM. Tass Saada, author of Once an Arafat Man, is coming to visit The Bridge-Leadington on Monday, July 15 and The Bridge-Arnold on Tuesday, July 16.
Saada is a former Muslim and the founder of Hope for Ishmael, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to reconcile Arabs and Jews. Born in 1951 in the Gaza Strip, Saada grew up in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. He worked under Yasser Arafat as a Fatah fighter and sniper. Years after immigrating to America, he became a Christian.
Join us on July 15 (Leadington) or July 16 (Arnold) to hear his incredible story of conversion and his call to mission!
An offering will be taken to support Hope for Ishmael.
"Viral" "Unity - a Vital Sign in the Church" with Zack Mills, 07-07-13, at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Viral" "Jesus Is Enough" with Ben Durbin 06-30-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Viral" "The Gospel for Immoral People" with Brian Dunlap, 06-23-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Viral" "The Gospel for Moral People" with Ben Durbin, 06-16-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
Dug Down Deep (Enjoying Life by Enjoying God) Part 2 with Ben Durbin, Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
Dug Down Deep (Enjoying Life by Enjoying God) Part 1 with Ben Durbin, Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Domino Effect" "Jesus Wins" with Ben Durbin, 06-02-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Domino Effect" "Those Crazy Christians" with Ben Durbin, 05-26-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
Acts 29 "Church Planting Sunday"
Acts 29 "Church Planting Sunday" with guest speaker Scott Thomas at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Domino Effect" "Jesus Has a Family" with Ben Durbin, 05-12-13 Mother's Day at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Domino Effect" "The Gospel > Moralism and Racism" with Ben Durbin, 05-5-13 at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Inception" "Victory In Defeat" 03-24-13 with Ben Durbin at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Inception" "Lessons from HIStory" 03-17-13 with Ben Durbin at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Inception" "Growing Pains" - 03-10-13 with Ben Durbin at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Inception" "For His Fame" - 03-03-13, 7th Anniversary with Ben Durbin at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo.
"Christmas Love Stories" week one 12-11-11 with Lance Smith at The Bridge Community Church, Leadington, Mo. | -0.813842 | -0.859791 | -0.655243 | -0.982242 | [
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Testing Starts!!!
By BradSpeedMan, February 7, 2012 in F1 Discussions
Lap times means very little, but I bet Mercedes are wishing that lap time had been set with their new car...
true, I see a headline with Schumie stating a winning car is highly unlikely for 2012...
My hands itch
I take it Marussia are doing all their pre-season testing on EA Sports F1 Challenge 99-02. Pic really needs some seat time, pull out last year's sled and send it some runs if you have to.
Insider 0
Interests:F1 and loud rock music. I support West Ham United and sing for my supper.
I think we can discount Schumi in a blown diffuser car and my contacts tell me, despite Macca's lowly placings, their long race pace sim in the the 1.25s was impressive. Clearly, RBR are still very tasty but Lotus and STR appear to have quick cars in the new spec as Force India.
and Ferrari is struggling...
Quiet One 15
The balding avenger
Location:Argentina
Hard to tell, my friend. Another guess could be that Ferrari does not trust Massa for anything more like testing the rearview mirrors...which is highly probable, ridiculous as it seems. Wait...this time you are talking about Ferrari so I should end up talking about Kimi, right?
Rainmaster 7
Location:The Ning Nang Nong
The logic is that since the Ferrari is a completely new car (new suspension and all that jazz) they're more interested in data gathering/experimenting (also known as "testing") than anything else. We'll see.
Edit: http://www.jamesallenonf1.com/2012/02/ferrari-explains-different-approach-to-first-test-of-2012/
Damnit, you saw through my brilliant disguise...
JHS18 0
Yes, after 2 days of testing Ferrari should totally give up on this junk of a car and start on the '13 car already.
Quick, call the Daily Mail!
STOP EVERYTHING: http://www.thesun.co...fter-split.html
Yes, Ferrari is struggling to find speed out of the car, that I can deduce from the first 2 days of testing... which leave us with the possibility that it MIGHT be find. Please don't take my words out of context, seems everything needs to be explained to you from A to B.
08:00 So this morning world champion Sebastian Vettel tries a Red Bull RB8 for the first time, Lewis Hamilton has his maiden voyage in a 2012 McLaren, and Fernando Alonso gets his first chance to judge the new Ferrari.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HandyNZL 1
Location:Up the road from Puke track, NZL
08:01 Sebastian Vettel pulls out a marker pen and writes "Fugly Fiona" onto the c#ckpit.
I've been seeing you popping in and out and I'm grateful for your invalueble comment...
Interesting read on standings SO FAR (and let me highlight this b4 somebody get some crazy idea again)....
http://www.totalf1.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=1852728765]
08:57 This is the first crash we've seen in testing so far this year.
08:56 @eddstrawF1 wins. Bianchi is in the tyres at the Sito Pons corner.
It's funny, because it seems to me from the experiences we've had talking on here that if someone was to put "OMG LOTUS STRUGGLING" or "Kimi's really slow" after two days of testing, you'd probably accuse someone of stiring. It seems infact, you are the one trying to do something on the basis of your "Ferrari has gone backwards since Alonso joined...so much for being the development driver" post a while back.
I'll say nothing more on that. It's the first group test. How people can make conclusions from the first group test when nobody has any idea of what fuel loads teams are running, what | -1.284325 | -0.789956 | -1.631696 | -1.28209 | [
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programme they're running to, etc, etc, etc, is beyond me. Several teams have said already for them it is not about finding the ultimate lap time. Does that mean they're struggling? Hardly.
I've said already - lap times at this stage mean the square root of jack all. You might as well time them with hourglasses for how much it really says.
It's testing. That is all. If you want to believe these times already and jump to conclusions, I think you'll get a surprise by the time we roll into Melbourne.
I've never been one of these scaremongering fans who go off on a "OH IT IS CLEAR AFTER TWO DAYS OF TESTING THAT TEAM X IS STRUGGLING, WHY HAVE THEY BUILT SUCH A SH*T CAR?!" - but, if it makes you sleep better at night believing that, by all means carry on.
...of course you can make certain assumptions as a result of the testing. and you're not suppose to care, as it's a meaningless sport in your view.
Too meaningless to be bickering over, yes.
some quick action... yesterday Kimi set consistent speeds on long runs so it seems they've a very good, fast and reliable car... SO FAR
09:38 Grosjean shoots to the top with a 1m18.901s.
09:38 Told you this was when the quick times happen
09:38 That's the fastest lap we've seen from a 2012 car so far, and bodes well for Lotus given that Raikkonen led the way on Tuesday.
09:42 Another improvement for Hamilton, who gets down to 1m20.303s.
oh I forgot to add this...sorry folks!!!!
McLaren's best time of the year so far as well.
please don't start it again in the future...I'de appreciate
09:46 Bad news for the Spanish crowd coming up... Alonso has a problem.
09:47 News from @InsideFerrari: "It will be a long break before Fernando can rejoin the track. A hydraulic problem occurred on the car so we are working to fix it."
Eish, all those fans waiting in the grandstands, quite alot of them today
09:57 Grosjean lowers the overall benchmark once again as he bangs in a 1m18.806s.
09:59 Anyway, racing cars... Grosjean's 1m18.806s is now three tenths ahead of the week's previous best from a 2012 car, set by Webber yesterday.
Vettel's been quiet, re-acclimatising and system checks probably....
10:17 Lotus confirms Grosjean set his times on the medium compound - born out by the number of quick laps he was able to bang in
0:29 Grosjean sets the quickest time of the day with a 1m18.419s. He is now 1.3 seconds clear of his closest rival
10:30 That is also the fastest we have seen all test, trumping Michael Schumacher's time from yesterday - which was set in a 2011-spec Mercedes
10:31 He follows it up with a 1m18.979s, itself almost a second faster than anyone else has managed all day
10:32 Grosjean's times haven't gone unnoticed by his team... Lotus F1 Team: How about a 1min 18.419secs? Looking good out there for @RGrosjean at this stage
Mclaren showing some good pace... SO FAR
11:16 Hamilton is next round and he gets down to a 1m19.464s, improving on his previous best by around three tenths of a second
11:17 That's the fastest McLaren have been all test, although he is still over 1s shy of Grosjean
11:25 Alonso, sporting soft compounds and the periscope gauge seen without fail so far on the F2012, heads out of the pits for his first run in nearly two hours
David Adams 0
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World Oceans Day is so important to the American Littoral Society that we've decided to wrap an entire week of events around it. There is something for everyone with events ranging from festivals to films and dune grass plantings to parties.
The week will begin with Barnegat Bay Festival and conclude with the Littoral Society's Annual Members Day Celebration on Sandy Hook.
There are still a number of spots available for horseshoe crab tagging along the Delaware Bay.
While the events in Cape May County have filled to capacity, you can still volunteer for a number of dates in nearby Cumberland County, NJ. These events are being held along the New Jersey side of Delaware Bay at Dyers Cove, Fortescue, Moores, and Thompsons beaches.
Join the American Littoral Society at an environmental awareness fair on Thursday, May 18 before the New Jersey premier of How to Let Go of the World (and Love All the Things Climate Can't Change).
The fair and film will be at the Axelrod Performing Arts Center, 100 Grant Ave., Deal Park, NJ. The fair will feature a number of environmental organizations, including Clean Ocean Action and the Jersey Shore Chapter of Surfrider.
Littoral Society members won't want to miss the Society's annual gathering on Sandy Hook, scheduled for Saturday, June 10, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. This year our special guests will be African penguins courtesy of Jenkinson's Aquarium of Point Pleasant, NJ.
Members Day is the free annual gathering for members of the American Littoral Society. In addition to electing trustees, the event will feature food, fun, excursions, music and camaraderie.
This spring the American Littoral Society will be conducting school field trips at the Wreck Pond restoration site. The field trips are part of the pond restoration project and are intended to continue educational programs begun at some area schools over the winter.
Field trips will involve students from St. Catherine School in Spring Lake, NJ, Wall High School in Wall Township, NJ, and Communication High School, which is part of the Monmouth County Vocational School District. Field trips will run through May and into the beginning of June.
One of the American Littoral Society's most prolific fish taggers crossed a major milestone on Sunday, May 7.
William "Bucktail Willie" Shillingford tagged his 20,000th fish this past weekend. It was a 22-inch bluefish, one of more than a dozen he caught on that outing. The tag number was 893953, for anyone looking to make a little of their own history by catching that fish.
The task seemed imposing at the start of the day: Turn 50 tons of whelk shell into a reef off a remote beach on the Delaware Bay using little more than manual labor.
But thanks to 70 volunteers, aided by staff from the American Littoral Society, Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, that mountain of shells turned into something worth shell-a-brating.
The work was done as part of the Third Annual Shell-A-Bration, an event which has brought together people from nearby communities to help protect and restore beaches damaged during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. This year's event was held on Saturday, April 8 at Thompsons Beach in Maurice River Township, NJ.
It took awhile, but the TV program involving the Littoral Society's horseshoe crab tagging events is finally available for anyone to watch.
Last year, a crew from Xploration: Awesome Planet covered horseshoe crab tagging on the Delaware bayshore. The show, hosted by Philippe Cousteau Jr., grandson of the legendary Jacques Cousteau, explores the most spectacular places – on the earth, inside the earth, and above the earth.
The tagging event became part of an Awesome Planet episode on animal migrations. In the linked video you'll see Habitat Restoration Coordinator Shane Goodshall and Habitat Restoration Technician Quinn Whitesall as they lead a tagging event.
On Saturday, April 29, the American Littoral Society partnered with the city of Bridgeton, NJ on a city-wide effort to clean | 0.638699 | 1.401773 | 0.932444 | -0.926353 | [
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How it began at Sabuj Sangha
administrator / April 19, 2016
Siba Sankar, the founder of Subuj Sangha, was born and brought up in the Sunderbans. Living in a joint family, sharing and giving to people around him comes naturally to him. After his graduation in Zoology from City College in Calcutta, he moved back to his village and started to teach in the nearby school. This was in the early fifties.
The Sunderbans are known to be one of the remotest islands of West Bengal, because of which conditions of underdevelopment are rampant – lack of clean drinking water, no roads, extreme poverty and little to no awareness of education and health. He noticed that these conditions were leading to increased migration to the cities.
"I always wanted young people to be involved in something productive rather than while away their time in the village. Which is why I started a sporting club, which engaged them in sports and volunteering activities," he says. Whenever there were disasters or medical emergencies, it was difficult for the villagers to send victims to the cities. Due to bad roads and lack of conveyance, these volunteers would help out during such medical emergencies.
This volunteering club has produced a jewel who is the backbone of Sabuj Sangha today. "Anshuman Das was a brilliant student though he had a traumatic childhood. One day, he approached me and asked how he could take his volunteering to another level and contribute to the bigger cause – developing the village and making it livable. I was really pleased. He asked me to stay on and be his support. In 1964, we formally started the organization. The primary work was to build roads with funds which were procured by donations and my savings. The organization wasn't yet registered but work had begun," he adds.
"My mother passed away while giving birth to me. There were no doctors nor good roads to take her to the hospital then. This personal incident has always been at the back of my mind. And for a long time now, I've had the desire to help women and children in the village through a formal setup, " adds Anshuman Das, who is the director of Sabuj Sangha.
In 1954, the seed was sown for the foundation and in 1975, it acquired FCRA registration. Sabuj means symbol of youth in Bengali and Sangha means association.
In 1978, a major flood devastated the entire Sundarban island. This led to a loss of homes and lives, and pushed migration to a larger scale. This had an impact on the children of the island. Villagers were migrating, enrolling themselves as daily wage labourers or domestic workers children were left unsupervised, many times along railway tracks, where their parents worked.
Siba Sankar then had the idea of starting an education center for these kids and providing them with a good education, nutritious food and extra-curricular activities. Sabuj College, based in Nandakumarpur, serves these kids as a model school. 26 children from various backgrounds (farmers, laborers etc.) are brought to the residential school.
"It is not easy to get these kids to attend school. We have to go their hometown, motivate their parents by explaining the importance of an education," adds Anshuman.
The organization has also set up centers across coastal areas of Kolkata, which are below the poverty line. These centers serve as coaching centers, called Sabuj Kunri, for the children who go to school and are given assistance with their class and homework.
Not just kids, but with a vision to reach the unreached, the organization has set up a healthcare center which attends to pregnant women – assisting them with delivery, providing nutrition and complete baby care.
The healthcare unit is 20 bedded and consists of a Radiology department where scans of pregnant women are done, a Pharmacy where medicines are given, and rooms where these women are admitted few days before and after pregnancy. It also consists of a doctor's quarters. All women are provided services for free through donations. Hundreds of women have benefitted and now word has spread in a way that women themselves get admitted without a health worker.
With a vision to secure a society where all people enjoy equal rights and access to equal opportunities, Sabuj Sangha has impacted all the three islands surrounding Kolkata.
Sarada Ramkrishna (Sishu O Mah | 0.868805 | 1.269267 | 1.536069 | -0.221382 | [
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Бюллетени новостей (Английский)
IRS Plans Jan. 30 Tax Season Opening For 1040 Filers
Уведомление. Ретроспективное содержание
Это архивный или ретроспективный документ, который может не отражать действующее законодательство, политику или процедуры.
Темы в новостях
Пресс-релизы, касающиеся часто задаваемых вопросов (Английский)
Мультимедийный центр (Английский)
Налоговые льготы при стихийных бедствиях
«Закон о снижении инфляции» (Английский)
Налоговая реформа (Английский)
Закон «Taxpayer First» (Английский)
Налоговые мошенничества/предупреждения для потребителей
Недоплата налога (Английский)
Справки (Английский)
Налоговые советы Налогового управления США (IRS) (Английский)
Подписка на электронные новости (Английский)
Руководство Налогового управления США (Английский)
Контакты средств массовой информации (Английский)
Заявления и объявления Налогового управления США (IRS) (Английский)
IR-2013-2, Jan. 8, 2013
WASHINGTON — Following the January tax law changes made by Congress under the American Taxpayer Relief Act (ATRA), the Internal Revenue Service announced today it plans to open the 2013 filing season and begin processing individual income tax returns on Jan. 30.
The IRS will begin accepting tax returns on that date after updating forms and completing programming and testing of its processing systems. This will reflect the bulk of the late tax law changes enacted Jan. 2. The announcement means that the vast majority of tax filers — more than 120 million households — should be able to start filing tax returns starting Jan 30.
The IRS estimates that remaining households will be able to start filing in late February or into March because of the need for more extensive form and processing systems changes. This group includes people claiming residential energy credits, depreciation of property or general business credits. Most of those in this group file more complex tax returns and typically file closer to the April 15 deadline or obtain an extension.
"We have worked hard to open tax season as soon as possible," IRS Acting Commissioner Steven T. Miller said. "This date ensures we have the time we need to update and test our processing systems."
The IRS will not process paper tax returns before the anticipated Jan. 30 opening date. There is no advantage to filing on paper before the opening date, and taxpayers will receive their tax refunds much faster by using e-file with direct deposit.
"The best option for taxpayers is to file electronically," Miller said.
The opening of the filing season follows passage by Congress of an extensive set of tax changes in ATRA on Jan. 1, 2013, with many affecting tax returns for 2012. While the IRS worked to anticipate the late tax law changes as much as possible, the final law required that the IRS update forms and instructions as well as make critical processing system adjustments before it can begin accepting tax returns.
The IRS originally planned to open electronic filing this year on Jan. 22; more than 80 percent of taxpayers filed electronically last year.
Who Can File Starting Jan. 30?
The IRS anticipates that the vast majority of all taxpayers can file starting Jan. 30, regardless of whether they file electronically or on paper. The IRS will be able to accept tax returns affected by the late Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) patch as well as the three major "extender" provisions for people claiming the state and local sales tax deduction, higher education tuition and fees deduction and educator expenses deduction.
Who Can't File Until Later?
There are several forms affected by the late legislation that require more extensive programming and testing of IRS systems. The IRS hopes to begin accepting tax returns including these tax forms between late February and into March; a specific date will be announced in the | -0.644344 | -0.191886 | 0.202323 | -0.35145 | [
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Q: Randomly place animated gifs inside of container in Flutter I want to randomly place animated gifs inside of a sized container. My problem is that the gifs are always placed outside of the container
This is the widget which gives me the functionality to generate a gridview and place gifs at specific positions inside of it.
class MultiGifPage extends StatefulWidget {
final Map<int, GifImage> gifs;
final Map<int, Matrix4> positions;
MultiGifPage({required this.gifs, required this.positions});
_MultiGifPageState createState() => _MultiGifPageState(this.gifs, this.positions);
}
class _MultiGifPageState extends State<MultiGifPage> with TickerProviderStateMixin {
Map<int, GifImage> gifs;
Map<int, Matrix4> positions;
_MultiGifPageState(this.gifs, this.positions);
Random random = new Random();
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
body: GridView.count(
crossAxisCount: (MediaQuery.of(context).size.width / 100).round(),
children: List.generate(gifs.length, (index) {
return Container(child: gifs[index], transform: positions[index]);
}),
),
);
}
}
Here you can see where I am trying to use the other functionality:
class _EqualsWidget extends State<EqualsWidget> with TickerProviderStateMixin {
late GifImage _gif = GifImage(
image: AssetImage("assets/images/growing_plant_transparent.gif"),
controller: gif_Controller_tree);
int gif_index = 0;
Map<int, GifImage> _list = new Map();
Map<int, Matrix4> positions = new Map();
Random random = new Random();
late Size size = new Size(0, 0);
late double xAxis = 0;
late double yAxis = 0;
late GlobalKey equal_key = new GlobalKey();
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
//print('INSTANCE: WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback(_afterLayout)}');
equal_key = new GlobalKey();
size = new Size(0, 0);
xAxis = 0;
yAxis = 0;
WidgetsBinding.instance?.addPostFrameCallback(_afterLayout);
}
_afterLayout(_) {
_getWidgetInfo();
Timer.periodic(Duration(milliseconds: 1000), (timer) {
FlutterGifController controller = new FlutterGifController(vsync: this);
controller.animateTo(89, duration: Duration(milliseconds: 1000));
_list.addAll({
gif_index: GifImage(
image: AssetImage("assets/images/growing_plant_transparent.gif"),
controller: controller)
});
double x = random.nextDouble() * (xAxis + size.width);
double y = random.nextDouble() * (yAxis + size.height);
positions.addAll({gif_index: Matrix4.translationValues(x, y, 0)});
++gif_index;
setState(() {});
});
}
void _getWidgetInfo() {
final RenderBox renderBox =
equal_key.currentContext?.findRenderObject() as RenderBox;
size = renderBox.size;
print('Size: ${size.width}, ${size.height}');
final Offset offset = renderBox.localToGlobal(Offset.zero);
print('Offset: ${offset.dx}, ${offset.dy}');
print(
'Position: ${(offset.dx + size.width) / 2}, ${(offset.dy + size.height) / 2}');
xAxis = offset.dx;
print(xAxis);
yAxis = offset.dy;
}
Widget equalText(
String typeTxt, double convert, String end | -0.917252 | -1.395188 | -0.247543 | -0.238941 | [
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] | 1,328,716 | 0 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
1986 legfontosabb sporteseményei a következők voltak:
január 25–26. Terepkerékpáros-világbajnokság, Lembeek
január 27. – február 2. Műkorcsolya-Európa-bajnokság, Koppenhága
február 2–11. Vitorlázó-világbajnokság, repülő hollandi osztály, Rio de Janeiro
február 8–9. Női gyorskorcsolya-világbajnokság, Hága
február 15–16. Férfi gyorskorcsolya-világbajnokság, Inzell
február 20–23. Sílövő-világbajnokság, Oslo
február 22–23. Fedett pályás atlétikai Európa-bajnokság, Madrid
február 22–23. Gyorskorcsolya-sprintvilágbajnokság, Karuizava
február 25. – március 8. Férfi kézilabda-világbajnokság, Svájc
március 1–2. Légfegyveres-Európa-bajnokság, Helsinki
március 7–9. Sírepülő-világbajnokság, Kulm
március 17–23. Műkorcsolya-világbajnokság, Genf
március 23. Mezeifutó-világbajnokság, Neuchâtel
március 23. – április 1. Jégkorong-világbajnokság, B csoport, Eindhoven
március 23. – április 1. Jégkorong-világbajnokság, C csoport, Puigcerdà
március 24. A Hungaroring versenypálya átadása
március 30. – április 5. Tollaslabda Európa-bajnokság, Uppsala
április 5–13. Asztalitenisz-Európa-bajnokság, Prága
április 8–28. jégkorong-világbajnokság, A csoport, Moszkva
április 14–20. Birkózó-Európa-bajnokság, Pireusz
április 29. – május 5. Vitorlázó-Európa-bajnokság, finn dingi osztály, Hyeres
május 5–12. Súlyemelő-Európa-bajnokság, Karl-Marx-Stadt
május 7. Az 1985–1986-os BEK-et az FC Steaua București nyeri
május 8–18. Ökölvívó-világbajnokság, Reno
május 8–11. Cselgáncs-Európa-bajnokság, Belgrád
május 18–23. Teke-világbajnokság, München
május 31. – június 29. 1986-os labdarúgó-világbajnokság, Mexikóváros, Puebla, Toluca, León, Irapuato, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Santiago de Querétaro, Nezahualcóyotl
június 27–29. Íjász-Európa-bajnokság, İzmir
július 5–20. Férfi kosárlabda-világbajnokság, Zaragoza, El Ferrol, Málaga, Tenerife, Barcelona, Ovideo, Madrid
július 6–11. Vitorlázó-Európa-bajnokság, soling osztály, Warnemünde
július 11–19. Vitorlázó-Európa-bajnokság, csillaghajó osztály Medemblik
július 16–20. Junior atlétikai világbajnokság, Athén
július 26. – augusztus 3. Vívó-világbajnokság, Szófia
július 28.–októ | -1.678792 | -0.0638 | -1.624087 | -1.115603 | [
-1.6568767676280145,
-1.7007063813559748
] | [
0.10356764386707698,
-0.23116798655150855
] | [
-1.5175653200864354,
-1.730609566218714
] | [
-1.0752813012373812,
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6127
] | 1,328,719 | 0 | Wikipedia | -1 | -1 |
ber 8. Londonban és Leningrádban zajlik a Garri Kaszparov–Anatolij Jevgenyjevics Karpov közötti sakkvilágbajnoki visszavágó mérkőzés, amelyen Kaszparov megvédi címét
augusztus 5–10. Öttusa-világbajnokság, Montecatini
augusztus 8–17. Női kosárlabda-világbajnokság, Minszk, Vilnius, Moszkva
augusztus 9. Motorvezetéses kerékpár-világbajnokság, Zürich
augusztus 13–23. Úszó-, műugró- és szinkronúszó-világbajnokság, férfi és női vízilabda-világbajnokság, Madrid
augusztus 15–17. Négyesfogathajtó-világbajnokság, Ascot
augusztus 17–24. Evezős-világbajnokság, Nottingham
augusztus 20–24. Kajak-kenu világbajnokság, Montréal
augusztus 26–31. Atlétikai Európa-bajnokság, Stuttgart
augusztus 28. – szeptember 7. Kerékpáros-világbajnokság, Colorado Springs
szeptember 2–14. női röplabda-világbajnokság, Csehszlovákia
szeptember 6–14. Sportlövő-világbajnokság, Suhl
szeptember 18–21. Sportgimnasztika-Európa-bajnokság, Firenze
szeptember 22–29. Vitorlázó-világbajnokság, 470-es osztály, Salou
szeptember 25. – október 5. Férfi röplabda-világbajnokság, Franciaország
október 19–26. Birkózó-világbajnokság, Budapest
október 26. Alain Prost nyeri a Formula–1-es világbajnoki címet a McLaren csapat színeiben
november 8–15. Súlyemelő-világbajnokság, Szófia
november 14. – december 2. 27. nyílt és 12. női sakkolimpia, Dubaj
november 27–29. Sportakrobatika-Európa-bajnokság, Rennes
december 4–14. Női kézilabda-világbajnokság, Hollandia
Születések
január 4. – Andro Bušlje, olimpiai, világ- és Európa-bajnok horvát válogatott vízilabdázó
január 7. – Grant Leadbitter, angol labdarúgó
január 11.
Oana Ban, olimpiai bajnok és világbajnoki ezüstérmes román tornász
Antonio Petković, olimpiai és világbajnoki ezüstérmes horvát vízilabdázó
január 15. – Marija Vasziljevna Abakumova, világbajnok, olimpiai ezüstérmes orosz atléta, gerelyhajító
január 16. – Paula Pareto, olimpiai és világbajnok, pánamerikai játékok győztes és pánamerikai bajnok argentin cselgáncsozó
január 24. – Michael Kightly, angol labdarúgó
február 3. – James DeGale, olimpiai bajnok brit ökölvívó
február 5.
Billy Sharp, angol labdarúgó
Reed Sorenson, amerikai NASCAR-versenyző
Jānis Strenga, olimpiai bajnok lett bobos
február 9. – Ciprian Tătărușanu, román válogatott labdarúgó
február 12.
Ronald Gërçaliu, albán születéstű osztrák válogatott labdarúgó
Marko Kopljar, horvát válogatott kézilabdázó | -1.38842 | 0.078723 | -1.644377 | -1.02618 | [
-1.322675962952317,
-1.454164804136198
] | [
-0.15920710044012423,
0.3166524450429335
] | [
-1.8675665815894646,
-1.421188161121833
] | [
-0.7559631008093397,
-1.2963977740388763
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,328,719 | 1,024 | Wikipedia | -1 | -1 |
február 15. – Valeri Bozsinov, bolgár válogatott labdarúgó
február 16. – Molnár Péter, világ- és Európa-bajnok magyar kajakozó
február 17. – Steven Old, új-zélandi válogatott labdarúgó
február 19.
Marta, olimpiai és világbajnoki ezüstérmes, Copa América és Pánamerikai Játékok győztes brazil női labdarúgó
Fabio Menghi, olasz motorversenyző
Bernhard Starkbaum, osztrák válogatott jégkorongozó, olimpikon
március 3. – Csáki Viktória, magyar válogatott kézilabdázó, jobbszélső
március 6.
Anthony Gonçalves, francia labdarúgó
Avdija Vršajević, bosnyák válogatott labdarúgó
március 8.
Edgaras Voitechovskis, litván szabadfogású birkózó
Steffen Hagen, norvég válogatott labdarúgó
március 15. – Kamionobe Megumi, japán válogatott labdarúgó
március 20. – Rémi Saudadier, francia válogatott vízilabdázó
március 22. – Daryl Gurney, északír dartsjátékos
március 26. – Marcus Jahn, német labdarúgó, edző
március 29.
Alen Blažević, horvát válogatott kézilabdázó
Cheikh N'Doye, szenegáli válogatott labdarúgó
március 30. – Sergio Ramos, világbajnok és Európa-bajnok, Bajnokok Ligája-győztes spanyol válogatott labdarúgó
április 1. – Haminu Dramani, ghánai válogatott labdarúgó
április 2. – Ibrahim Afellay, marokkói labdarúgó
április 4. – Labinot Harbuzi, svéd labdarúgó († 2018)
április 5. – Albert Sevketovics Szelimov, orosz ökölvívó
április 7. – Christian Fuchs, osztrák válogatott labdarúgó
április 8. – Igor Vlagyimirovics Akinfejev, orosz válogatott labdarúgó
április 9. – Mirna Jukić, horvát születésű, olimpiai és világbajnoki bronzérmes, Európa-bajnok osztrák úszónő
április 11. – Tatyjana Anatoljevna Koszinceva, női orosz sakknagymester
április 15. – Tom Heaton, angol válogatott labdarúgó
április 16. – Paul di Resta, brit autóversenyző
április 20. – Onur Kaya, belga labdarúgó
április 22. – Marshawn Lynch, Super Bowl-győztes amerikai futballista
április 23. – Valentina Szalamaha, ukrán származású azeri válogatott kézilabdázó
április 25. – Quentin Westberg, francia születésű amerikai korosztályos válogatott labdarúgó
április 27. – Gyinara Mihajlovna Szafina, olimpiai ezüstérmes tatár származású orosz hivatásos teniszezőnő
április 28. – Adis Nurković, jugoszláv születésű koszovói válogatott labdarúgó
május 3. – Mads Christiansen, olimpiai és Európa-bajnok dán válogatott kézilabdázó
május 8. – Olekszij Hennagyijovics Antonov, ukrán válogatott labdarúgó
május 10. – Pendjála Harikrisna, indiai s | -1.700706 | -0.149918 | -1.933509 | -1.369236 | [
-1.591132347036074,
-1.8102804156758758
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akknagymester
május 14. – Josée Bélanger, olimpiai bronzérmes kanadai válogatott labdarúgó
május 15. – Temes Bernadett, magyar válogatott kézilabdázó
május 18. – Kevin Anderson, dél-afrikai hivatásos teniszező
május 19. – Danny Havoc, amerikai profi pankrátor († 2020)
május 23. – Rabo Saminou, nigeri válogatott labdarúgó
május 28. – Sami Allagui, tunéziai válogatott labdarúgó
június 2. – Sebastian Achim, román labdarúgó
június 3.
Tomáš Verner, cseh műkorcsolyázó
Rafael Nadal, spanyol teniszező
június 4. – Devon Petersen, dél-afrikai dartsjátékos
június 7. – Abbos Atoyev üzbég ökölvívó
június 18. – Richard Gasquet, francia teniszező
június 19. – Thomas Raffl, osztrák válogatott jégkorongozó, olimpikon
június 21. – Francisco Fernández, spanyol válogatott vízilabdázó
június 24. – Jean, brazil válogatott labdarúgó
június 26. – Jason Puncheon, angol labdarúgó
június 27. – LaShawn Merritt, amerikai atléta
június 28. – Petar Nenadić, Európa-bajnoki ezüstérmes szerb válogatott kézilabdázó
július 2. – Florian Fromlowitz, U21-es labdarúgó-Európa-bajnok német labdarúgó
július 5. – Jurij Volodimirovics Cseban, olimpiai és világbajnok ukrán kenus
július 9. – Severo Meza, mexikói válogatott labdarúgó
július 18. – Aaron Scott új-zélandi labdarúgó
július 21. – Anthony Annan, ghánai válogatott labdarúgó
július 25. – Rudá Franco, brazil válogatott vízilabdázó, olimpikon
július 26. – Leonardo Ulloa, argentin labdarúgó
július 30. – Elif Jale Yeşilırmak, Európa-bajnok és világbajnoki ezüstérmes török női szabadfogású birkózó
augusztus 1. – Jelena Szergejevna Vesznyina, olimpiai bajnok orosz teniszezőnő
augusztus 4. – Lazar Veselinović, szerb labdarúgó
augusztus 7. – David Löfquist, svéd labdarúgó
augusztus 13. – Jamagucsi Mami, japán válogatott labdarúgó
augusztus 16. – Danny Ayres, angol salakmotoros († 2020)
augusztus 17. – Marcus Berg, svéd válogatott labdarúgó
augusztus 21. – Usain Bolt, olimpiai és világbajnok jamaikai atléta, sprinter
augusztus 24. – Csha Dongmin, dél-koreai olimpiai bajnok, világbajnoki ezüstérmes taekwondózó
augusztus 26. – Davide Rigon, olasz autóversenyző
augusztus 30.
Azari Zsolt, magyar válogatott jégkorongozó
Nakano Manami, japán válogatott labdarúgó
szeptember 1. – Gaël Monfils, francia teniszező
szeptember 3. – Héra Imre, magyar sakkozó, nemzetközi nagymester
szeptember 4. – Kaihori Ajumi, japán válogatott labdarúgó
szeptember 5. – Bujka Barbara, Európa-bajnok magyar válogatott vízilabdázón | -1.624005 | -0.094073 | -1.816842 | -1.384844 | [
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] | 1,328,719 | 3,072 | Wikipedia | -1 | -1 |
ő
szeptember 6. – Danilson Córdoba, kolumbiai válogatott labdarúgó
szeptember 7. – Dragoș Grigore, román válogatott labdarúgó
szeptember 8. – Anton Alekszejevics Avgyejev, világbajnok orosz párbajtőrvívó
szeptember 14. – Rácz Sándor, magyar atléta
szeptember 15.
Taimuraz Friev, orosz születésű, spanyol szabadfogású birkózó
Tojoda Najuha, japán válogatott labdarúgó
szeptember 16. – Kugler Attila, magyar kajakozó
szeptember 23. – Eduarda Amorim, világbajnok brazil kézilabdázó
szeptember 25. – Marcus Olsson, svéd jégkorongozó
szeptember 30. – Joan Cañellas, világ- és Európa-bajnok spanyol kézilabdázó
október 1. – Marek Łyszczarz, lengyel tornász
október 3. – Malakai Tiwa, Fidzsi-szigeteki válogatott labdarúgó
október 6. – Irina Jurjevna Bliznova, olimpiai és világbajnok orosz kézilabdázó
október 9. – Laure Manaudou, olimpiai, világ- és Európa-bajnok francia úszó
október 10. – Stephanie Labbé, olimpiai bronzérmes kanadai válogatott labdarúgó
október 16.Franco Armani, Copa Libertadores, Recopa Sudamericana, és Copa América-győztes argentin válogatott labdarúgókapus
október 25. – Roger Espinoza, hondurasi válogatott labdarúgó, olimpikon
október 26. – Uwe Gensheimer, olimpiai bronzérmes német válogatott kézilabdázó
november 5. – Yeisser Ramirez, kubai-amerikai párbajtőrvívó
november 7. – Jérémy Cadot, Európa-bajnok, olimpiai ezüstérmes francia tőrvívó
november 9. – Prince Tagoe, ghánai válogatott labdarúgó
november 13. – Gémesi Csanád, világ- és Európa-bajnoki ezüstérmes magyar kardvívó
november 15. – Szánija Mirza, indiai teniszező
november 17.
Alexis Vastine, francia olimpiai bronzérmes ökölvívó († 2015)
Milan Gajić, szerb labdarúgó
december 2. – Claudiu Keșerü, román válogatott labdarúgó
december 9. – Daniel Pietta, német válogatott jégkorongozó, olimpikon
december 11. – Lee Peltier, angol labdarúgó
december 16. – Vincent Gérard, olimpiai ezüstérmes, világ-, és Európa-bajnok francia kézilabdakapus
december 18. – Henrik Toft Hansen, olimpiai és Európa-bajnok dán kézilabdázó
december 20.
Lőrincz Tamás, Európa-bajnok olimpiai és világbajnoki ezüstérmes, magyar birkózó
Johnny Palacios, hondurasi válogatott labdarúgó
december 21.
Szergej Karimov, kazah labdarúgó, hátvéd († 2019)
Sébastien Siani, afrikai nemzetek kupája győztes kameruni válogatott labdarúgó
december 24. – I Jong, dél-koreai válogatott labdarúgó
december 29. – Derek Ryan, világbajnoki bronzérmes amerikai jégkorongozó
december 30. – Florian Müller, német labdarúgó
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A race was held not far from where we live...too good an opportunity to ignore, so I entered the long race, which was advertised as 80km but turned out to be 90km. The race takes in hilly routes to both Ta Kwai and Ta Meung Khmer Antiquity sites right on the border with Cambodia.
There were 300+ competitors, and about 200+ of them were serious riders. Many had advanced kit, such as carbon fibre frames and electronic gear shifters. I was the oldest competitor and also the only foreigner...consequently I found myself being pressed into many group photo opportunities, and felt like a bit of a celebrity.
It was a tough race for me, but I was finally quite pleased with the results...10th place overall [which was good enough for a trophy and a podium presentation]...2nd in the 40+ category, and would have been 1st in the 50+ category if there was one.
Mostly I just ride about in my own World...a place where there are no other Strava Users. This morning I took my car to Prasat for its 10k service...had a couple of idle hours while waiting, so took my road bike and made the most of an opportunity to measure my cycling performance against the many regular Strava Users who record their efforts on the 30km North:South highway between Prasat and Surin cities.
I was quite pleased with my first outing on this route...averaged 32.6km over 60km and recorded the 8th fastest All Comers time for one segment of 23km.
Don't all laugh at once...this all important data when you are in training for the...you know...Big One!
I spend a bit of time looking at the offerings on the biggest Web Store available to Thailand folks. There is an increasing catalogue of bicycles and bike-related stuff.
I crossed my fingers and placed an order for a lycra bike outfit...super-cheap and shipped from China...you have to pre-pay for items shipped from outside Thailand, but The Web Store guarantees there are no hidden taxes and/or import duties.
Within the estimated delivery time, the item was delivered to my door! It was exactly as advertised, and there were zero extra charges. The quality seems very good , and I can scarcely believe my good fortune at being able to acquire such an outfit for 611 baht [about $US20].
So, I now buy with confidence, and have yet to be ripped off.
My latest acquisition was a set of aerobars...650baht [about US$22]. I had a bit of difficulty in fitting them, and did a little bit of damage to the bar attachment clamp. However, they are now firmly fixed on my MTB, and...surprise...give me about 4kph extra speed, and greater endurance as they offer an opportunity to rest on the forearms and so relax the hands.
A pleasant, relaxed 20km with Mawin starting about 0600 in the cool of the morning. Near the end of the ride we went off-road in the jungle...great fun in the wet sand on single-track and no-track.
After the disappointment, yesterday, of missing a PR by 3 seconds, I decided to give it another go this morning.
Better result...30 seconds under my previous best time for this circuit...this challenge still has legs, though, as I am still 2 1/2 minutes shy of my 1 hour target.
Sometimes how you feel is not an accurate reflection of how you perform. Despite feeling unenthusiastic for riding this morning I pushed hard from the start and took 25 seconds off my best time for the 8km sprint...just a touch off 36kph average speed.
Very pleasant ride. The first 6km were off-road through the Village jungle...earth wet, but not flooded, making the track a pleasure...see pic.
I went a bit further than usual this morning....65 kilometres. I seem to be blessed with lovely roads in all directions, and can invent a circuit at will. I ran out of energy at 50km...up till then I had been cruising along at somewhere close to 30kph, but I finished much slower...perhaps next time I will eat breakfast before heading out.
Did the 48km Pras | 0.605827 | -0.182933 | -0.6791 | -1.348425 | [
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Proxy Materials
toggles the navigation panel
Stryker acquires HyperBranch Medical Technology, Inc.
Download PDF Format (opens in new window)
Kalamazoo, Michigan - October 1, 2018 - Stryker (NYSE:SYK) announced today the acquisition of privately-held HyperBranch Medical Technology, Inc. for a total equity value of approximately $220 million in an all cash transaction. HyperBranch is dedicated to developing medical devices based on its proprietary polymers and cross-linked hydrogels. Its Adherus AutoSpray Dural Sealant product is one of only two FDA-approved dural sealants on the market.
"The acquisition of HyperBranch supports our growth strategy within our Neurotechnology business," said Spencer S. Stiles, Group President, Neurotechnology, Instruments and Spine for Stryker. "The addition of Adherus to our cranial closure portfolio strengthens our position of excellence in the dural repair space and aligns with Stryker's mission of making healthcare better."
As a PMA approved and CE cleared hydrogel that is indicated for use as an adjunct to standard methods of dural repair to aid in creating a watertight closure of the dura, the Adherus product is highly complementary to Stryker's Craniomaxillofacial division. The patent protected sealant formulation, combined with a differentiated delivery system, is proven through clinical trials to provide clinically safe and effective dural closure.
The transaction is expected to have an immaterial impact to net earnings in 2018.
Sidley Austin LLP served as outside legal counsel for Stryker in connection with this transaction.
This press release contains information that includes or is based on forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities law that are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Such risk and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: unexpected charges or expenses in connection with the acquisition of HyperBranch; weakening of economic conditions that could adversely affect the level of demand for HyperBranch's products or our products; pricing pressures generally, including cost-containment measures that could adversely affect the price of or demand for HyperBranch's products or our products; changes in foreign exchange markets; legislative and regulatory actions; unanticipated issues arising in connection with clinical studies and otherwise that affect U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of new products; potential supply disruptions; changes in reimbursement levels from third-party payors; a significant increase in product liability claims; the ultimate total cost with respect to the Rejuvenate and ABG II matter; the impact of investigative and legal proceedings and compliance risks; resolution of tax audits; the impact of the federal legislation to reform the United States healthcare system; changes in financial markets; changes in the competitive environment; our ability to integrate acquisitions, including the acquisition of HyperBranch; our ability to realize anticipated cost savings or achieve other anticipated financial metrics in connection with the acquisition of HyperBranch; and the other factors identified under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Stryker Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Stryker is one of the world's leading medical technology companies and, together with its customers, is driven to make healthcare better. The company offers innovative products and services in Orthopaedics, Medical and Surgical, and Neurotechnology and Spine that help improve patient and hospital outcomes. More information is available at www.stryker.com.
For investor inquiries please contact:
Katherine A. Owen, Stryker, 269-385-2600 or [email protected]
For media inquiries please contact:
Yin Becker, Stryker, 269-385-2600 or [email protected]
Source: Stryker Corporation via Globenewswire
Katherine A. Owen
Vice President, Strategy & Investor Relations
2825 Airview Boulevard
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The sharp gaze of the purple gowned silver haired old man caused the Blood Sea Queen's heart to shiver. She especially took note of that dazzling red mark at the center of the old man's eyebrows.
The Blood Sea Queen who had never seen the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial before did not know that the person who had came was the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial. However, the strange aura of the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial caused the Blood Sea Queen to not even dare to have the intention to resist.
The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial waved his hand and then the All People Seal that the Blood Sea Queen managed to obtain started to float. It directly floated toward the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial. The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial's pair of sharp eyes took a glance at the All People Seal. He smiled indifferently and said. "All People Seal... little girl, you've gone through all the trouble of fighting for the All People Seal but this All People Seal already has a preordained owner."
"Preordained owner?" The Blood Sea Queen became confused. Merely, she did not ask him.
After that, the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial began to fly toward the Exalted Celestial Mountain's Relief Sculpture Tunnel. As for the All People Seal, it was floating before the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial and flying toward the Relief Sculpture Tunnel with him.
Right at the moment when the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial patted her shoulder, the Blood Sea Queen discovered that she was unable to move at all. However, the Blood Sea Queen still held a thread of luck in her heart. "Binding, could he still bind me after I turn into my true form?" The Blood Sea Queen possessed exceptional confidence in her true form, the Blood Sea.
When the Blood Sea Queen tried to turned into her true form, she discovered that the binding in her surrounding was frighteningly powerful. That enormous binding power actually caused her to be unable to turn into her true form.
"How is that possible?" The Blood Sea Queen quaked in fear.
"Who,who is he?" The Blood Sea Queen looked to the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial who was swiftly flying toward the Relief Sculpture Tunnel.
The Blood Sea Queen's true form was that of a hundreds of millions of mile wide Blood Sea. If one wanted to bind the Blood Sea, the amount of energy that was required was astonishingly large. However, this silver haired old man managed to bind her without batting an eyelid.
For the gap between them to be this great, the Blood Sea Queen could only think of a single possibility.
"Could it be, could it be that he's an Exalted Celestial?" The Blood Sea Queen was unable to think of anyone else other than the Exalted Celestials who could possess such strength.
It was said in legends that no matter how powerful a Godking was, before the Exalted Celestials they would all be powerless ants. It would now seem that the legend was not a baseless claim.
When the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial was flying toward the Relief Sculpture Tunnel, he took a glance at the Asura Godking who was in midair and unable to move.
"Who are you?" The Asura Godking Luo Fan was filled with an endless amount of astonishment. Ever since the moment this purple gowned silver haired old man appeared, the Asura Godking felt that he had been bound by a powerful binding power. The current Asura Godking was unable to move at all. All he could do was blink and slightly move his mouth.
The grand Asura Godking did not even manage to sense his opponent's attack when he was powerlessly bound. From this, he was able to tell how powerful his opponent was.
"You wish to become an Exalted Celestial? Luo Fan, it is not that easy for one to become an Exalted Celestial." The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial smiled indifferently and then took a step into the entrance of the Relief Sculpture Tunnel.
Many of the Sage Emperors had seen the Exalted Celestials before. As for the Asura Godking Luo Fan, he had only seen the Unfettered | 0.42503 | -0.0746 | -0.813917 | 0.5974 | [
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Exalted Celestial before. As for the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial and the Floating Feathers Exalted Celestial, he had never seen them before.
"Could it be that he's the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial or the Floating Feathers Exalted Celestial?" Luo Fan was quaking in fear.
Luo Fan suddenly recalled the time six quadrillion years ago. During that battle of the Exalted Celestial Mountain, at the final moments, the Floating Feathers Exalted Celestial secretly joined and helped the Unfettered Godking who could not be considered as being powerful. Thus allowed the Unfettered Godking to become an Exalted Celestial.
"Could this time be the same as last time and that the Exalted Celestials are going to interfere at the final moments?" Luo Fan felt a burst of helplessness.
Who the new Exalted Celestial would be was not something that Luo Fan and them could determine.
In the Purple Mystic Mansion, many of the Qin descendents had their eyes wide open as they looked to the purple gowned and silver haired old man swiftly enter into the Relief Sculpture Tunnel. Before this old man, the Asura Godking and the Blood Sea Queen were unable to move at all.
"Dad, who is this old man? How is he this powerful?" Qin Si gulped and said with a gasp of shock.
"Third brother, this silver haired old man's strength seemed to be shockingly powerful." Qin Feng also gasped in surprise. Everyone knew of the status that the Asura Godking held in the Divine Realm. However, before the silver haired old man, the Asura Godking appeared like a child.
As Qin Yu looked to the water screen, his gaze shined. A slight smile appeared on his face.
"The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial has finally acted." Qin Yu muttered in a low voice.
Qin Yu had seen the Unfettered Exalted Celestial before. As for the identity of the Floating Feathers Exalted Celestial, Qin Yu also had a rough idea. Only the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial was someone that he had never seen before. When a super expert that he had never seen before appeared, Qin Yu naturally determined him to be the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial. Other than the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial, Qin Yu could not think of any other individual with such strength.
Jiang Lan cried out in surprise. "Why did this Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial join the fray?"
"Brother Jiang Lan, you said he is the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial? Do you know him?" Beside him, Yi Feng was a bit surprised. The appearance of the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial had caused all of the people watching the battle at the Purple Mystic Mansion to become tense. This included the Godkings.
Jiang Lan lightly nodded his head. "That's right, Jiang Fan and I have once met the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial before. Never would I expect for an Exalted Celestial to appear for the All People Seal. It would seem that the owner of the All People Seal would be determined by the Exalted Celestials."
"Oh, that's not for certain." Qin Yu's voice sounded.
Jiang Lan, Yi Feng, Zuo Qiulin, Hei Yu, Jiang Li and the large group of other people in the surrounding all looked to Qin Yu with a surprised expression. They were surprised as to why Qin Yu would say such a word.
When Qin Yu saw the confident expression on the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial through the water screen, he had also observed the expressions of the Godkings on the Exalted Celestial Mountain. Especially that Jiang Fan, the absolute joyous expression of his eyes was unable to deceive Qin Yu.
The appearance of the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial, the excitement that Jiang Fan displayed combined with what had happened at the Utmost North Sage Emperor's Palace where Jiang Fan selected Zhou Xian to be his son-in-law without the slightest hes | 0.005909 | -0.199944 | -0.616526 | 0.339864 | [
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itation, Qin Yu was able to guess what was written on the Zhou Clan's betrothal gift list.
"No wonder Jiang Fan was able to not care about my first-rate Grandmist Spiritual Treasure and select Zhou Xian. Perhaps only this Exalted Celestial's Spiritual Treasure Portion was able to make Jiang Lan do such a thing."
"When a person who is at the peak level of excitement and joy reaches the depths of despair, I wonder how it will look." Qin Yu thought in his heart. After that, he lightly smiled and continued to watch the scene of the Exalted Celestial Mountain through the water screen.
The rules of the Relief Sculpture Tunnel were something that even the Exalted Celestials could not go against.
The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial was walking through the Relief Sculpture Tunnel one step at a time. His eyes were filled with respect as he looked to the relief sculptures carved through the tunnel. Faced with these relief sculptures that went from simple to containing the Great Dao, the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial did not dare look down upon them in the slightest.
After exiting the Relief Sculpture Tunnel.
The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial's back seemed to be even straighter. His aura also seemed to be even sharper. The golden All People Seal was still floating before the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial. The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial swept his sharp gaze through the surrounding.
Before him were many Godkings standing in the air. Merely, none of those Godkings were currently able to move.
"Senior Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial!" Huangfu Yu cried out in surprise.
Many of the Sage Emperors present were shocked. They were all people who have seen the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial before. Seeing the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial appearing now, their hearts were naturally shocked.
An ice-cold smile appeared on the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial's face. He felt a bit disappointed in his heart. "Unexpectedly, that Qin Yu actually did not come to contest for the All People Seal. If he was present, then I would've been able to seize this opportunity and kill him. It would seem that I could only wait until after the birth of the new Exalted Celestial to kill him."
Zhou Huo flew over from afar.
Of the twenty plus Godkings present on the Exalted Celestial Mountain, only Zhou Huo, Zhou Xian and Jiang Fan were not restricted. Other than the three of them, the others were all bound and unable to move.
Zhou Xian and Jiang Fan had naturally also flown over following Zhou Huo.
When they reached a distance several tens of meters from the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial, Zhou Huo, Zhou Xian and Jiang Lan stopped. They respectfully greeted the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial with a bow. When Jiang Fan raised his head and looked at the All People Seal before the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial, his gaze began to glow with passion.
The greater the price one paid for the treasure, the more nervous one would be when obtaining the treasure.
"All People Seal, All People Seal! It... is finally mine now." In an instant, Jiang Fan went through grievance, excitement, pain, joy. All kinds of emotions rushed into his mind.
For the All People Seal, he had renounced the number one candidate for his son-in-law, Qin Yu. He had abandoned his daughter and his brother. He gave up all of that for today.
Today, the most precious All People Seal of the Exalted Celestial's Spiritual Treasure's three portion was now his!
"Never had I expected for the Senior Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial to act personally. Senior Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial naturally ought to be the one to decide who shall obtain the All People Seal." Although that Huangfu Yu was unable to move at all, he still said that with a smile on his face.
The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celest | 0.666093 | -0.362891 | -0.855289 | 0.27483 | [
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ial took a glance at Huangfu Yu. He then glanced at Putai Hong, Mu Qin and the other Sage Emperors. He lightly smiled and nodded.
Even these Sage Emperors didn't dare to play any tricks! The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial was completely confident!
The sound of the movement of space was heard. The other Sage Emperors felt that the binding on their bodies had instantly disappeared. The Sage Emperors were all able to move now. However, Huangfu Yu, Duanmu Rufeng, Putai Hong and the other Sage Emperors all possessed a sense of propriety. They did not approach the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial. Instead, they stood far in the distance and respectfully bowed to him. After that, they spoke no more.
"Jiang Fan, this All People Seal ought to be yours." The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial said with a light smile.
The other Sage Emperors all became jealous in their heart. Merely, although they were jealous, they were all displaying smiles on their faces.
"Congratulations Brother Jiang Fan on obtaining the All People Seal." Zhou Huo also said with a smile.
At this moment, Jiang Fan's face was smiling so wide that it almost appeared as if it was blossoming. He immediately lightly clasped his hands to Zhou Huo and the other Sage Emperors not far from him. "Thank you everyone. Thank you everyone." At this moment, there was no need for Jiang Fan to tell others about how excited he was.
"This All People Seal, you can accept it." The Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial waved his hand.
The golden All People Seal immediately began to fly toward Jiang Fan who was not far away from him. Zhou Huo and Zhou Xian who stood beside Jiang Fan both had smiles on their faces. As for Jiang Fan, he was so excited that his hands were shivering slightly.
"Thank you Senior Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial." Jiang Fan once again voiced his thanks. Only after that did he proceed to grab the All People Seal that was floating toward him.
When the All People Seal reached his hand, Jiang Fan felt that his heart was immediately relieved. The material of this All People Seal felt a bit cold. However, in his hand, it gave him an extremely peaceful feeling.
"Finally, I've finally obtained it."
At this moment, Jiang Fan felt that his eyes were a bit moist.
He had given up that many things, he had invested in it that hard, at the moment when he grabbed the All People Seal, Jiang Fan felt as if everything was worth it. This moment was the happiest moment since the date when he publicly announced the groom search.
A mild voice was heard. Immediately after, the sound in the area where Jiang Fan, Zhou Huo, Zhou Xian and the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial was at completely disappeared. The flow of time instantly ceased.
And at this moment, a cyan gowned Qin Yu appeared out of thin air.
"Qin Yu!" In the distance, Huangfu Yu, Duanmu Rufeng, Mu Qin, Shentu Yan and the other Sage Emperors were all shocked. However, none of them dared to act nor did they want to act. At this moment, the Thunder Punishment Exalted Celestial was present. Thus, there was no need for them to act.
"Qin Yu acted?" Duanmu Yu who was still bound in the distance was also shocked.
Not only the many Godkings on the Exalted Celestial Mountain, even the Godkings and Qin clansmen in the Fog City's Purple Mystic Mansion had their eyes open wide in shock. Qin Yu who was originally watching the show together with them had actually suddenly appeared at the on the Exalted Celestial Mountain.
"Qin Yu, you..." Jiang Fan felt that he was unable to move.
"Jiang Fan, this All People Seal is mine now."
Qin Yu's voice sounded in Jiang Fan's mind. As for Qin Yu himself, he directly grabbed the All People Seal that was in Jiang Fan's hand without the slight | 0.570215 | -0.858 | -0.793469 | -0.259101 | [
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during his temporary absence or disability. From the provision of section 2195 of the code, it is clear that the vice-president or, if there be no vice-president, the councilor who at the last general election received the highest number of votes, should automatically (without any formal designation) discharge the duties of the president. (Op. Ins. Aud. March 2, 1926) (Araneta Administrative Code Vol. IV, p. 2839) Now it is reasonable to assume that the incorporation of the above section 2180 into the Revised Election Law as section 21 (a) did not have the effect of enlarging its scope,2 to supersede or repeal section 2195, what with the presumption against implied repeals.3 "Where a statute has received a contemporaneous and practical interpretation and the statute as interpreted is re-enacted, the practical interpretation is accorded greater weight than it ordinarily receives, and is regarded as presumptively the correct interpretation of the law. The rule here is based upon the theory that the legislature is acquainted with the contemporaneous interpretation of a statute, especially when made by an administrative body or executive officers charged with the duty of administering or enforcing the law, and therefore impliedly adopts the interpretation upon reenactment." (Sutherland Statutory Construction, sec. 5109.) Indeed, even disregarding their origin, the allegedly conflicting sections, could be interpreted in the light of the principle of statutory construction that when a general and a particular provision are inconsistent the latter is paramount to the former (sec. 288, Act 190). In other words, section 2195 referring particularly to vacancy in the office of mayor, must prevail over the general terms of section 21 (a) as to vacancies of municipal (local) offices. Otherwise stated, section 2195 may be deemed an exception to or qualification of the latter.4 "Where one statute deals with a subject in general terms, and another deals with a part of the same subject in a more detailed way, the two should be harmonized if possible; but if there is any conflict, the latter will prevail, regardless of whether it was passed prior to the general statute." (Sutherland Statutory Construction, sec. 5204) In a recent decision,5 we had occasion to pass on a similar situation repeal by subsequent general provision of a prior special provision and we said,: It is well-settled that a special and local statute, providing for a particular case or class of cases, is not repealed by a subsequent statute, general in its terms, provisions and application, unless the intent to repeal or alter is manifest, although the terms of the general act are broad enough to include the cases embraced in the special law. . . . It is a canon of statutory construction that a later statute, general in its terms and not expressly repealing a prior special statute, will ordinarily not affect the special provisions, of such earlier statute. (Steamboat Company vs. Collector, 18 Wall. (U.S.), 478; Cass County vs. Gillett, 100 U.S. 585; Minnesota vs. Hitchcock, 185 U.S. 373, 396.) Where there are two statutes, the earlier special and the later general the terms of the general brood enough to include the matter provided for in the special the fact that one is special and the other is general creates a presumption that the special is to be considered as remaining an exception to the general, one as a general law of the land, the other as the law of a particular case. (State vs. Stoll, 17 Wall. (U.S.) 425) In fact even after the Revised Election Code was enacted, the Department of the Interior and the office of executive Secretary who are charged with the supervision of provincial and municipal governments have "consistently held that in case of the suspension or other temporary disability of the mayor, the vice-mayor shall, by operation of law, assume the office of the mayor, and if the vice-mayor is not available, the said office shall be discharged by the first councilor." (Annex 5 of the answer.) Needless to say, the contemporaneous construction placed upon the statute by the executive officers charged with its execution deserves great weight in the courts.6 Consequently it is our | -0.340619 | -0.863372 | -0.264662 | 0.9772 | [
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Movies · Reviews
'The Post' Review: Gripping, Timely, and a Superb Meryl Streep
Steven Spielberg's latest gives The Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham her due with a polished drama.
By Tomris Laffly · Published on December 8th, 2017
I confess: prior to Steven Spielberg's handsomely entertaining, feminist procedural The Post, I did not know a great deal about the country's first female newspaper publisher Katharine Graham, who ran The Washington Post for more than two decades spanning the Watergate era. Being a Turkish immigrant and a fairly new American citizen are my lame excuses for my lack of information, even as someone who has seen Alan J. Pakula's stunning political thriller All The President's Men—about The Washington Post's painstaking unveiling of the Watergate scandal—several times. Don't blame me that Graham's name didn't quite stick to my mind through Pakula's film, in which it just gets vulgarly cited to the Post reporter Carl Bernstein (Dustin Hoffman) by the angry Attorney General John Mitchell at the opposite end of a phone line: "You tell your publisher, tell Katie Graham, she's gonna get her tit caught in a big fat wringer if that's published". Graham was not really a presence in Pakula's film beyond this name-check.
You can call Spielberg's '70s-set, gripping—if a touch paint-by-numbers—The Post an unofficial prequel to All The President's Men; one that aims to set the record straight on that Katie Graham, who, a year prior to the breaking of the Watergate scandal, had decided to publish the leaked "Pentagon Papers" at great personal risk. "The Papers" (seizing my one opportunity to use the film's previous, much better title), were the US government's momentous, thousands-of-pages-long examination of the war in Vietnam that exposed how the White House had persistently lied about their overseas crusade that was unwinnable from the start, yet had continued to ship the country's youth off to their ill fates. In the Trump era of "alternative facts" and "fake news", the heroic story of Graham's journalistic integrity at The Washington Post is undeniably nostalgic—you might actually feel an irrational envy towards the past, when news reporters put public interest above personal concerns and did their jobs in thriving, bustling newsrooms. But it is the film's feminism that brings the story's timeliness into sharper focus, through the lens of the present-day reckoning with systemic misogyny that is as old as history itself.
The Post is written by Liz Hannah (thank heavens for a female screenwriter) and Josh Singer, who scribed the more elegant newspaper drama Spotlight. Their script predictably flourishes in the hands of Spielberg, one of our finest filmmakers, who arguably knows more about the nostalgia of spirited American heroism than any major filmmaker working today. From E.T. to Saving Private Ryan and beyond, Spielberg's career is defined by a wholesome sense of duty, with stories of selfless, fair-minded outliers pursuing justice on behalf of others. In that regard, no one could have been a better fit to bring Katie Graham onto the screen than the maker of Lincoln and Bridge of Spies, two recent Spielberg films that also concern mazelike governmental affairs and the dignified people who navigate them for the public's benefit.
Graham is gloriously played by Meryl Streep, who might very well embrace her fourth Oscar (and thus tie the record with Katherine Hepburn) with one of the most excellent performances of her late career. She is simply tremendous at portraying Graham's balancing act: playing, partly, a reluctant woman who constantly questions her worth and legitimacy in a workplace dominated by men, and, partly, a silent leader seeking an opportunity to rise to the occasion. Streep's facial gestures and body language throughout The Post make for an acting master-class. In her power skirt suits and a show-stopping gold caftan (fabulously designed by Ann Roth), she carries herself with a fragile kind of confidence when she speedily walks behind a group of | 2.36449 | 0.669406 | 0.767588 | 0.304746 | [
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The United States Must Punish Russia but Remember the Limits of Power
Stephen Wertheim
Summary: In the face of Russia's deplorable attack on Ukraine, hard-earned lessons may be difficult to recall, but they're only more important now.
Sign up to receive emails from Carnegie's American Statecraft Program!
At the direction of President Vladimir Putin, Russia has committed staggering acts of aggression against Ukraine. Its invasion is brazen in substance and style. Russia is threatening to overthrow the government in Kyiv. It seems to flaunt the flimsiness of its pretexts. Though always thuggish, Putin once seemed averse to risk. Now he has taken a world-shaking gamble whose ultimate implications neither he nor anyone else can foresee.
For Americans, this is a dangerous moment, and a disorienting one. The United States has spent much of the past three decades dealing with powers much weaker than itself. Even so, it has learned painful lessons about the limits of its power and its capacity to do harm as well as good. These lessons may be difficult to recall in the face of Russia's deplorable and ongoing attack. But they have become only more important now, as the United States confronts a great power and nuclear peer capable of inflicting damage well beyond Ukraine.
Stephen Wertheim is a senior fellow in the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Months ago, U.S. President Joe Biden took the use of force in Ukraine off the table. Still, a nonmilitary confrontation between the United States and Russia likely poses greater risks to the safety and well-being of the American public than did even the recent wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, in which the United States was a direct military participant. Yesterday and today, the United States and its European allies announced severe sanctions against the Russian government, banks, and individuals, with more punishments to come. These measures, stronger than many expected, amount to warfare by economic means, and they will effectively be permanent.
In recent decades, the United States has imposed crippling sanctions on relatively small states like Cuba, Iran, and North Korea, incurring little cost to the U.S. economy. Russia, by contrast, is a great power and may retaliate in kind, sending oil, gas, and food prices higher. It could mount cyber attacks that spur cycles of retaliation. In the worst case, conflict could escalate into a hot war. What is particularly challenging is that no number of sanctions would likely stop Russian aggression in Ukraine, and there is no obvious threshold by which American and European leaders can feel satisfied that they have done enough. The demand to "do more" will persist no matter how much policymakers in fact do. So, the desire to punish Russia, however justified, will need to be tempered by two considerations: What are the costs and risks of retaliation? And how likely are additional sanctions to change Russian behavior for the better, given the alternative possibilities that they may strengthen Putin's grip on the Russian economy, make him more desperate and reckless, or drive Russia and China closer together?
An exclusively punitive outlook could also inhibit America's handling of the conflict in Ukraine itself. Even before Russia launched its attack, influential figures proposed that the United States should arm a prospective Ukrainian insurgency, imagining that Ukraine could become "Russia's Afghanistan." Military aid should be considered, but not before it becomes clearer what kind of operation Russia is mounting, who would receive U.S. support, and what battlefield objective could be pursued. In Syria, the United States trained and equipped rebel forces, only to lengthen the war without dislodging dictator and President Bashar al-Assad from power. America's experience in Afghanistan makes for a curious model to emulate. In the 1980s, the United States aided the forces from which al-Qaeda would emerge. For the past two decades, it created a client state dependent on U.S. support and continual violence. If Putin has launched a reckless, poorly calculated military adventure, the United States should hardly follow suit.
For too long, the United States has ranked the impulse to stop evil above the imperative to help those in need. Let this time be different. The United States, despite having limited military options at its disposal, has every ability to assist Ukrainians who flee for their lives. The Biden administration should welcome | 1.624866 | 0.800122 | 1.094763 | 1.128079 | [
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TAKING chances, learning from the best and knowing your product were the hallmarks of success for Bendigo livestock auctioneer Zeb Broadbent. The 23 year-old was named the top young auctioneer in Victoria at the ALPA Victorian Young Auctioneers Competition in Packenham last week. Chosen among the top 10 auctioneers under 25 showing the strongest potential in the field, participants had to sell three lots of three cattle at a commercial sale at the Victorian Livestock Exchange. They were judged on diction and clarity, as well as their chosen initial price and relative result. Mr Broadbent said getting the right opening price was the most important thing. "You've got to know what it's worth," he said. "You didn't get judged if you make more, it's how close you get to what it's worth. "At the end of the day, good stock will sell itself." Growing up on a sheep farm at Bridgewater, Mr Broadbent developed a strong understanding of the sheep industry and saw an opportunity in the livestock selling field. With the central Victorian region predominantly focused on sheep, he moved down to Gippsland for two years to build a knowledge base in selling cattle. "Bendigo is about 80 per cent sheep and 20 per cent cattle. Down in Gippsland it's probably 20 per cent sheep and 80 per cent cattle," Mr Broadbent said. "It was a good opportunity to get away from home and learn about a new part of the state. It's all completely different down there. I had a great boss down there and learnt a lot. "I would have regretted it if I hadn't have made that move to Gippsland I think." He came back to Bendigo one year ago to work as a livestock selling agent with McKean McGregor, spending every Monday morning selling lambs at the sheep and lamb sale at Huntly. He said growing on a farm had been a great help to his career, but not everyone involved in the industry had grown up with on-farm experience. ALPA chief executive officer Andy Madigan said the auctioneer competitions were always a highlight on the calendar. "This year it drew the attention of some younger agents from Victoria wanting to see what happens and hoping to be selected next year," he said. "It is a great opportunity for the younger members of the industry to get involved and build on their profession." Zeb Broadbent will represent the state at the ALPA National Young Auctioneers Competition at the Sydney Royal Easter Show in March next year.
TAKING chances, learning from the best and knowing your product were the hallmarks of success for Bendigo livestock auctioneer Zeb Broadbent.
The 23 year-old was named the top young auctioneer in Victoria at the ALPA Victorian Young Auctioneers Competition in Packenham last week.
Chosen among the top 10 auctioneers under 25 showing the strongest potential in the field, participants had to sell three lots of three cattle at a commercial sale at the Victorian Livestock Exchange.
They were judged on diction and clarity, as well as their chosen initial price and relative result.
Mr Broadbent said getting the right opening price was the most important thing.
"You've got to know what it's worth," he said.
"You didn't get judged if you make more, it's how close you get to what it's worth.
"At the end of the day, good stock will sell itself."
Growing up on a sheep farm at Bridgewater, Mr Broadbent developed a strong understanding of the sheep industry and saw an opportunity in the livestock selling field.
With the central Victorian region predominantly focused on sheep, he moved down to Gippsland for two years to build a knowledge base in selling cattle.
"Bendigo is about 80 per cent sheep and 20 per cent cattle. Down in Gippsland it's probably 20 per cent sheep and 80 per cent cattle," Mr Broadbent said.
"It was a good opportunity to get away from home and learn about a new part of the state. It's all completely different down there. I had a great boss down there and learnt a lot.
I would have regretted it if I hadn't have made that move to Gippsland.
"I would have regretted it if I hadn | 0.270257 | 0.129532 | 0.311064 | -0.894486 | [
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Database Software & Management News — Access, DB2, SQL & Oracle - archives
Navicat MySQL GUI Manager for Windows ver 8.0.27 - 04/30/2008
Idera adds new tools to SQL Server administration toolset - 04/30/2008
Oracle Completes Acquisition of BEA Systems - 04/30/2008
SQL Server Change Management Tools - 04/29/2008
Oracle Kicks Off Registration for Oracle OpenWorld San Francisco 2008 - 04/29/2008
Microsoft's Lineup of SQL Server Related Webcasts for May 2008 - 04/29/2008
IBM Uncages Cheetah 2 Data Server - 04/28/2008
CodeSnip: How to make use of parameterized cursor in Oracle - 04/28/2008
Mass SQL Injection - 04/28/2008
SYWARE, Inc. Announces Visual CE 11.0 Beta Program - 04/26/2008
Researcher finds new way to hack Oracle database - 04/25/2008
Red Gate adds code layout to SQL Prompt - 04/24/2008
Authorizing Access to Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Data - 04/24/2008
Enterprise data warehouses replace data marts - 04/23/2008
Microsoft Hires Database Pioneer, Opens Database Development Lab - 04/23/2008
dbConstructor implements Smart ERD Diagramming - 04/23/2008
Sun Introduces MySQL Workbench - 04/22/2008
Over 120 Oracle Accelerate Solutions Now Available From Oracle Partners - 04/22/2008
Navicat PostgreSQL GUI for Windows ver. 8.0.24 is now available - 04/22/2008
Microsoft Security Advisory (951306) - 04/21/2008
Invoice Processing in a Service-Oriented Environment - 04/21/2008
How to turbocharge your Web site by dumping your database - 04/21/2008
Confio Announces New Product for SQL Server - 04/18/2008
Review: What to make of Oracle 11g - 04/18/2008
MySQL Not Going Closed Source? - 04/18/2008
SQL Server '05 Slated For Service Pack 3 - 04/17/2008
dbWatch 8.0 Launched - 04/17/2008
Oracle Plugs 41 Security Flaws - 04/17/2008
Oracle Subsidiary Innobase OY Releases InnoDB Plug-in for MySQL 5.1 - 04/16/2008
Confio Software Launches Performance Intelligence - 04/16/2008
SQL Chip Gives MySQL Data Warehouse Boost - 04/16/2008
Sun Microsystems Announces MySQL 5.1 - 04/15/2008
PHP IDE Space Gets Competitive - 04/15/2008
Oracle Extends Premier Support for the Oracle E-Business Suite - 04/15/2008
ANTs Announces General Availability of the ANTs Compatibility Server 1.5 - 04/14/2008
Sybase iAnywhere Unveils SQL Anywhere 11 Beta - 04/14/2008
Oracle Expands Enterprise Content Management Portfolio with Launch of Oracle Universal Online Archive - 04/14/2008
Oracle Critical Patch Update Pre-Release Announcement - April 2008 - 04/11/2008
Oracle Unveils Strategy | -1.60209 | 0.334559 | -0.895552 | -0.4703 | [
-1.5692175401720938,
-1.6349619607640344
] | [
0.6389655896786829,
0.03015187203337851
] | [
-0.7427436868315412,
-1.0483607303903457
] | [
-0.28316405455437804,
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] | 1,328,773 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
O género botânico Leucospermum, constituído por espécies vulgarmente designadas como alfineteiras inclui cerca de 50 espécies de plantas com flor da família das Proteaceae. É nativo do Zimbabwe e da África do Sul, onde ocupam uma grande variedade de habitats, incluindo charnecas, florestas, e encostas montanhosas.
São arbustos perenes, podendo por vezes, mas raramente, atingir o tamanho de árvores de 0,5 a 5 metros de altura. As folhas, coriáceas, dispõem-se em espiral, e são simples, de forma linear a lanceolada, de 2 a 12 cm de comprimento e de 0,5 a 3 cm de largura. A sua margem é serrada, completamente ou apenas na extremidade. As flores reúnem-se em densas inflorescências, com estames proeminentes, que justificam o nome de "alfineteira" - parecendo, de facto, alfinetes espetados sobre uma pequena almofada de tépalas.
O género está relacionado, em termos evolutivos com o género, nativo da Austrália, Banksia.
Espécies
Leucospermum album
Leucospermum arenarium
Leucospermum attenuatum R.Br.
Leucospermum bolusii E.Phillips
Leucospermum calligerum
Leucospermum catherinae Compton
Leucospermum conocarpodendron (L.) H.St.John – árvore-alfineteira
Leucospermum conocarpum R.Br.
Leucospermum cordatum
Leucospermum cordifolium (Salisb. ex Knight) Fourc.
Leucospermum cuneiforme (Burm.) Rourke
Leucospermum erubescens
Leucospermum formosum
Leucospermum gerrardii
Leucospermum glabrum
Leucospermum gracile
Leucospermum grandiflorum R.Br.
Leucospermum gueinzii
Leucospermum harmatum
Leucospermum harpagonatum – Alfineteira-de-McGregor
Leucospermum heterophyllum – alfineteira-tridente
Leucospermum hypophyllocarpodendron (L.) Druce
Leucospermum innovans
Leucospermum lineare R.Br.
Leucospermum muirii
Leucospermum mundii
Leucospermum oleifolium
Leucospermum parile – Alfineteira-de-malmesbury
Leucospermum patersonii – Alfineteira-de-silveredge
Leucospermum pendunculatum
Leucospermum pluridens – Alfineteira-de-robinson
Leucospermum praecox
Leucospermum praemorsum
Leucospermum profugum – Alfineteira-de-piketberg
Leucospermum prostratum – alfineteira-amarela-rasteira
Leucospermum reflexum H.Buek ex Meisn.
Leucospermum rodolentum
Leucospermum royenifolium – alfineteira-oriental
Leucospermum saxatile – alfineteira-karoo
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Leucospermum secundifolium - alfineteira-de-pé
Leucospermum spathulatum – Alfineteira-de-cederberg
Leucospermum tomentosus – alfineteira-de-saldanha
Leucospermum tottum R.Br. – alfineteira-de-ribbon
Leucospermum truncatulum – alfineteira-de-folhas-ovais
Leucospermum truncatum H.Buek ex Meisn.
Leucospermum utriculosum
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] | 1,328,774 | 0 | Wikipedia | -1 | -1 |
Munir Mohand Mohamedi El Kajoui (; born 10 May 1989), known simply as Munir, is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Saudi Professional League club Al Wehda and the Morocco national team.
He played for Ceuta B, Almería B, Melilla, Numancia, Málaga, Hatayspor and Al Wehda.
Born in Spain, Munir represented Morocco at international level, making his debut in 2015 and being part of the squads at two World Cups and three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.
Club career
Born in Melilla, Munir played youth football with CG Goyu Ryu and AD Ceuta, and made his debut as a senior with the latter's reserves in the regional leagues. On 29 January 2009 he moved to another reserve team, UD Almería B from Tercera División, but appeared sparingly and was subsequently released.
Munir joined UD Melilla in summer 2009, initially being assigned to the reserves and being definitely promoted to the main squad in the Segunda División B the following year. He acted mainly as a backup to Pedro Dorronsoro in his first two seasons at the club, becoming a starter afterwards.
On 17 June 2014, Munir signed a two-year contract with Segunda División side CD Numancia. On 10 September he made his professional debut, starting in a 1–1 away draw against CD Leganés in the second round of the Copa del Rey and also saving two penalties during the shootout.
Munir made his debut in the second tier on 19 October 2014, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–0 loss at UD Las Palmas. He was first choice for the remainder of the campaign, overtaking Biel Ribas.
Munir left the Soria team at the end of 2017–18, after losing his starting spot to Aitor Fernández. On 19 July 2018, he joined Málaga CF also in the second division.
From 2020 to 2022, Munir competed in the Turkish Süper Lig with Hatayspor. On 10 June 2022, he agreed to a two-year deal at Saudi Arabian club Al Wehda FC.
International career
Having Moroccan heritage, Munir switched his allegiance to its national team in 2014. On 9 March 2015, he was called up by manager Ezzaki Badou for a friendly against Uruguay to be held late in the month, and made his debut by starting in the 0–1 loss.
On 29 December 2016, Munir was included in Hervé Renard's 23-man squad for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations, and started the whole tournament ahead of Yassine Bounou. He was also selected to the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, making his first appearance in the World Cup on 15 June in the 1–0 group stage defeat to Iran.
Munir was also selected for the 2019 and 2021 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2022 World Cup. After starter Bounou fell ill shortly before the start of the group-stage fixture against Belgium in the latter tournament, he replaced him and eventually contributed to a 2–0 win in Doha; he and his teammates were part of the first African nation ever to reach the semi-finals of the competition.
Career statistics
International
Honours
Individual
Ricardo Zamora Trophy: 2019–20 Segunda División
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Citizens of Morocco through descent
Spanish sportspeople of Moroccan descent
Spanish footballers
Moroccan footballers
Footballers from Melilla
Association football goalkeepers
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol players
UD Almería B players
UD Melilla footballers
CD Numancia players
Málaga CF players
Süper Lig players
Hatayspor footballers
Saudi Professional League players
Al-Wehda Club (Mecca) players
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] | 1,328,775 | 0 | Wikipedia | -1 | -1 |
WE ARE ON BREAK! As of 10PM MST on 1/5, we are closed until 1/20. All orders received between 1/5-1/20 will ship on that day. Please see our shipping calendar for details (click here).
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] | 1,328,777 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 15 | 4 |
package com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.cache.local;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;
import javax.management.InstanceAlreadyExistsException;
import javax.management.InstanceNotFoundException;
import javax.management.MBeanRegistrationException;
import javax.management.MBeanServer;
import javax.management.MalformedObjectNameException;
import javax.management.NotCompliantMBeanException;
import javax.management.ObjectName;
import com.orientechnologies.common.concur.lock.ODistributedCounter;
import com.orientechnologies.common.concur.lock.ONewLockManager;
import com.orientechnologies.common.concur.lock.OReadersWriterSpinLock;
import com.orientechnologies.common.directmemory.ODirectMemoryPointer;
import com.orientechnologies.common.directmemory.ODirectMemoryPointerFactory;
import com.orientechnologies.common.exception.OException;
import com.orientechnologies.common.log.OLogManager;
import com.orientechnologies.common.serialization.types.OBinarySerializer;
import com.orientechnologies.common.serialization.types.OIntegerSerializer;
import com.orientechnologies.common.serialization.types.OLongSerializer;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.command.OCommandOutputListener;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.config.OGlobalConfiguration;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.exception.OStorageException;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.metadata.schema.OType;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.serialization.serializer.binary.OBinarySerializerFactory;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.OStorageAbstract;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.cache.OAbstractWriteCache;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.cache.OCachePointer;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.cache.OPageDataVerificationError;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.cache.OWriteCache;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.fs.OFileClassic;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.impl.local.OLowDiskSpaceInformation;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.impl.local.OLowDiskSpaceListener;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.impl.local.paginated.OLocalPaginatedStorage;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.impl.local.paginated.base.ODurablePage;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.impl.local.paginated.wal.OLogSequenceNumber;
import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.impl.local.paginated.wal.OWriteAheadLog;
import javax.management.InstanceAlreadyExistsException;
import javax.management.InstanceNotFoundException;
import javax.management.MBeanRegistrationException;
import javax.management.MBeanServer;
import javax.management.MalformedObjectNameException;
import javax.management.NotCompliantMBeanException;
import javax.management.ObjectName;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map | -1.591132 | -0.97081 | -0.912038 | 1.013619 | [
-1.5473027333081137,
-1.6349619607640344
] | [
-0.857999904296242,
-1.0836191055412665
] | [
-0.7909322663138423,
-1.03314328423804
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] | 1,328,779 | 0 | Github | -1 | -1 |
;
import java.util.NavigableMap;
import java.util.NavigableSet;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;
/**
* @author Andrey Lomakin
* @since 7/23/13
*/
public class OWOWCache extends OAbstractWriteCache implements OWriteCache, OCachePointer.WritersListener, OWOWCacheMXBean {
// we add 8 bytes before and after cache pages to prevent word tearing in mt case.
private final int MAX_PAGES_PER_FLUSH;
public static final int PAGE_PADDING = 8;
public static final String NAME_ID_MAP_EXTENSION = ".cm";
private static final String NAME_ID_MAP = "name_id_map" + NAME_ID_MAP_EXTENSION;
public static final int MIN_CACHE_SIZE = 16;
public static final long MAGIC_NUMBER = 0xFACB03FEL;
private final long freeSpaceLimit = OGlobalConfiguration.DISK_CACHE_FREE_SPACE_LIMIT.getValueAsLong() * 1024L * 1024L;
private final int diskSizeCheckInterval = OGlobalConfiguration.DISC_CACHE_FREE_SPACE_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_PAGES
.getValueAsInteger();
private final List<WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener>> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener>>();
private final AtomicLong lastDiskSpaceCheck = new AtomicLong(System.currentTimeMillis());
private final String storagePath;
private final ConcurrentSkipListMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> writeCachePages = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<PagedKey, PageGroup>();
private final ConcurrentSkipListSet<PagedKey> exclusiveWritePages = new ConcurrentSkipListSet<PagedKey>();
private final OBinarySerializer<String> stringSerializer;
private final Map<Integer, OFileClassic> files;
private final boolean syncOnPageFlush;
private final int pageSize;
private final long groupTTL;
private final OWriteAheadLog writeAheadLog;
private final AtomicLong amountOfNewPagesAdded = new AtomicLong();
private final ODistributedCounter writeCacheSize = new ODistributedCounter();
private final ODistributedCounter exclusiveWriteCacheSize = new ODistributedCounter();
private final ONewLockManager<PagedKey> lockManager = new ONewLockManager<PagedKey>();
private final OLocalPaginatedStorage storageLocal;
private final OReadersWriterSpinLock filesLock = new OReadersWriterSpinLock();
private final ScheduledExecutorService commitExecutor;
private final ExecutorService lowSpaceEventsPublisher;
private Map<String, Integer> nameIdMap;
private RandomAccessFile nameIdMapHolder;
private final int writeCacheMaxSize;
private final int cacheMaxSize;
private int fileCounter = 1;
private PagedKey lastPageKey = new PagedKey(0, -1);
private PagedKey lastWritePageKey = new PagedKey(0, -1);
private File nameIdMapHolderFile;
private final int id;
private final AtomicReference<Date> lastFuzzyCheckpointDate = new AtomicReference<Date>();
private final AtomicLong lastAmountOfFlushedPages = new AtomicLong();
private final AtomicLong durationOfLastFlush = new AtomicLong();
private final AtomicBoolean mbeanIsRegistered = new AtomicBoolean();
public static final String MBEAN_NAME = "com.orientechnologies.orient.core.storage.cache.local: | -1.125443 | -0.60194 | -0.632655 | 1.029227 | [
-1.07613438573254,
-1.174751016620451
] | [
-0.7093777320475353,
-0.49450230229036907
] | [
-0.5878744692190143,
-0.6774354804278963
] | [
1.003213543096673,
1.0552409484617309
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | [
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] | 1,328,779 | 1,024 | Github | -1 | -1 |
type=OWOWCacheMXBean";
public OWOWCache(boolean syncOnPageFlush, int pageSize, long groupTTL, OWriteAheadLog writeAheadLog, long pageFlushInterval,
long writeCacheMaxSize, long cacheMaxSize, OLocalPaginatedStorage storageLocal, boolean checkMinSize, int id) {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
this.id = id;
this.files = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, OFileClassic>();
this.syncOnPageFlush = syncOnPageFlush;
this.pageSize = pageSize;
this.groupTTL = groupTTL;
this.writeAheadLog = writeAheadLog;
int writeNormalizedSize = normalizeMemory(writeCacheMaxSize, pageSize);
if (checkMinSize && writeNormalizedSize < MIN_CACHE_SIZE)
writeNormalizedSize = MIN_CACHE_SIZE;
int normalizedSize = normalizeMemory(cacheMaxSize, pageSize);
if (checkMinSize && normalizedSize < MIN_CACHE_SIZE)
normalizedSize = MIN_CACHE_SIZE;
this.writeCacheMaxSize = writeNormalizedSize;
this.cacheMaxSize = normalizedSize;
this.storageLocal = storageLocal;
this.storagePath = storageLocal.getVariableParser().resolveVariables(storageLocal.getStoragePath());
final OBinarySerializerFactory binarySerializerFactory = storageLocal.getComponentsFactory().binarySerializerFactory;
this.stringSerializer = binarySerializerFactory.getObjectSerializer(OType.STRING);
commitExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(new FlushThreadFactory(storageLocal.getName()));
lowSpaceEventsPublisher = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new LowSpaceEventsPublisherFactory(storageLocal.getName()));
MAX_PAGES_PER_FLUSH = (int) (4000 / (1000.0 / pageFlushInterval));
if (pageFlushInterval > 0)
commitExecutor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new PeriodicFlushTask(), pageFlushInterval, pageFlushInterval, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
private int normalizeMemory(long maxSize, int pageSize) {
long tmpMaxSize = maxSize / (pageSize + 2 * OWOWCache.PAGE_PADDING);
if (tmpMaxSize >= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
} else {
return (int) tmpMaxSize;
}
}
public void startFuzzyCheckpoints() {
if (writeAheadLog != null) {
final long fuzzyCheckPointInterval = OGlobalConfiguration.WAL_FUZZY_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL.getValueAsInteger();
commitExecutor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new PeriodicalFuzzyCheckpointTask(), fuzzyCheckPointInterval, fuzzyCheckPointInterval,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
public void addLowDiskSpaceListener(final OLowDiskSpaceListener listener) {
listeners.add(new WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener>(listener));
}
public void removeLowDiskSpaceListener(final OLowDiskSpaceListener listener) {
final List<WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener>> itemsToRemove = new ArrayList<WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener>>();
for (WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener> ref : listeners) {
final OLowDiskSpaceListener lowDiskSpaceListener = ref.get();
if (lowDiskSpaceListener == null || lowDiskSpaceListener.equals(listener))
itemsToRemove.add(ref);
}
for (WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener> ref : itemsToRemove)
listeners.remove(ref);
}
private void freeSpaceCheckAfterNewPageAdd() {
final long newPagesAdded = amountOfNewPagesAdded.incrementAndGet();
final long last | -1.188448 | -0.963647 | -0.695427 | 0.428311 | [
-1.2131019286324163,
-1.1637936131884608
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-1.0442252767524527,
-0.883068704434578
] | [
-0.8112221945169165,
-0.5796316858865154
] | [
0.4933449705191079,
0.36327645710646367
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512,
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] | 1,328,779 | 2,048 | Github | -1 | -1 |
SpaceCheck = lastDiskSpaceCheck.get();
if (newPagesAdded - lastSpaceCheck > diskSizeCheckInterval) {
final File storageDir = new File(storagePath);
final long freeSpace = storageDir.getFreeSpace();
if (freeSpace < freeSpaceLimit)
callLowSpaceListeners(new OLowDiskSpaceInformation(freeSpace, freeSpaceLimit));
lastDiskSpaceCheck.lazySet(newPagesAdded);
}
}
private void callLowSpaceListeners(final OLowDiskSpaceInformation information) {
lowSpaceEventsPublisher.submit(new Callable<Void>() {
@Override
public Void call() throws Exception {
for (WeakReference<OLowDiskSpaceListener> lowDiskSpaceListenerWeakReference : listeners) {
final OLowDiskSpaceListener listener = lowDiskSpaceListenerWeakReference.get();
if (listener != null)
try {
listener.lowDiskSpace(information);
} catch (Exception e) {
OLogManager.instance()
.error(this, "Error during notification of low disk space for storage " + storageLocal.getName(), e);
}
}
return null;
}
});
}
private static int calculatePageCrc(final byte[] pageData) {
int systemSize = OLongSerializer.LONG_SIZE + OIntegerSerializer.INT_SIZE;
final CRC32 crc32 = new CRC32();
crc32.update(pageData, systemSize, pageData.length - systemSize);
return (int) crc32.getValue();
}
public long bookFileId(final String fileName) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
final Integer fileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
if (fileId != null && fileId < 0) {
return composeFileId(id, -fileId);
}
++fileCounter;
return composeFileId(id, fileCounter);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public long openFile(final String fileName) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
Integer fileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
OFileClassic fileClassic;
if (fileId == null || fileId < 0)
fileClassic = null;
else
fileClassic = files.get(fileId);
if (fileClassic == null) {
fileClassic = createFile(fileName);
if (!fileClassic.exists())
throw new OStorageException(
"File with name '" + fileName + "' does not exist in storage '" + storageLocal.getName() + "'");
else {
// throw new OStorageException("File '" + fileName
// + "' is not registered in 'file name - id' map, but exists in file system");
// REGISTER THE FILE
OLogManager.instance().debug(this,
"File '" + fileName + "' is not registered in 'file name - id' map, but exists in file system. Registering it");
if (fileId == null) {
++fileCounter;
fileId = fileCounter;
} else
fileId = -fileId;
files.put(fileId, fileClassic);
nameIdMap.put(fileName, fileId);
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(fileName, fileId), true);
}
}
openFile(fileClassic);
return composeFileId(id, fileId);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public long addFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
Integer fileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
OFileClassic fileClassic;
if (fileId != null && fileId >= 0)
throw new OStorageException("File with name '" | -1.084352 | -0.765783 | -0.260858 | 0.334661 | [
-1.07613438573254,
-1.0925704908805252
] | [
-0.6914714462344381,
-0.8400936184831447
] | [
-0.28622030226237277,
-0.23549548175468737
] | [
0.3268572733509233,
0.3424654949604406
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18793
] | 1,328,779 | 3,072 | Github | -1 | -1 |
+ fileName + "' already exists in storage '" + storageLocal.getName() + "'");
if (fileId == null) {
++fileCounter;
fileId = fileCounter;
} else
fileId = -fileId;
fileClassic = createFile(fileName);
files.put(fileId, fileClassic);
nameIdMap.put(fileName, fileId);
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(fileName, fileId), true);
addFile(fileClassic);
return composeFileId(id, fileId);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public void openFile(String fileName, long fileId) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
OFileClassic fileClassic;
Integer existingFileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
if (existingFileId != null && fileId >= 0) {
if (existingFileId == extractFileId(fileId))
fileClassic = files.get(existingFileId);
else
throw new OStorageException(
"File with given name already exists but has different id " + existingFileId + " vs. proposed " + fileId);
} else {
throw new OStorageException("File with name '" + fileName + "' does not exist in storage '" + storageLocal.getName() + "'");
}
openFile(fileClassic);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public void addFile(String fileName, long fileId) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
OFileClassic fileClassic;
Integer existingFileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
if (existingFileId != null && existingFileId >= 0) {
if (existingFileId == intId)
throw new OStorageException(
"File with name '" + fileName + "'' already exists in storage '" + storageLocal.getName() + "'");
else
throw new OStorageException(
"File with given name already exists but has different id " + existingFileId + " vs. proposed " + fileId);
}
fileClassic = files.get(intId);
if (fileClassic != null)
throw new OStorageException(
"File with given id exists but has different name '" + fileClassic.getName() + "' vs. proposed " + fileName);
if (fileCounter < intId)
fileCounter = intId;
fileClassic = createFile(fileName);
files.put(intId, fileClassic);
nameIdMap.put(fileName, intId);
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(fileName, intId), true);
addFile(fileClassic);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public boolean checkLowDiskSpace() {
final File storageDir = new File(storagePath);
final long freeSpace = storageDir.getFreeSpace();
return freeSpace < freeSpaceLimit;
}
public void makeFuzzyCheckpoint() {
if (writeAheadLog != null) {
writeAheadLog.flush();
Future<?> future = commitExecutor.submit(new PeriodicalFuzzyCheckpointTask());
try {
future.get();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during fuzzy checkpoint execution for storage '" + storageLocal.getName() + "'", e);
}
}
}
public void lock() throws IOException {
for (OFileClassic file : files.values()) {
file.lock();
}
}
public void unlock() throws IOException {
for (OFileClassic file : files.values()) {
file.unlock();
}
}
public void openFile(long fileId) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
| -1.09257 | -0.858 | -0.336945 | 0.352871 | [
-1.1583149114724658,
-1.0268260702885847
] | [
-0.9296250475486306,
-0.7863747610438532
] | [
-0.4383947637854289,
-0.23549548175468737
] | [
0.2592216463763483,
0.446520305690556
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512,
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1204,
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13,
13,
418
] | 1,328,779 | 4,096 | Github | -1 | -1 |
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
final OFileClassic fileClassic = files.get(intId);
if (fileClassic == null)
throw new OStorageException("File with id " + fileId + " does not exist.");
openFile(fileClassic);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public boolean exists(String fileName) {
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
if (nameIdMap != null) {
Integer fileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
if (fileId != null && fileId >= 0)
return true;
}
final File file = new File(
storageLocal.getVariableParser().resolveVariables(storageLocal.getStoragePath() + File.separator + fileName));
return file.exists();
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
public boolean exists(long fileId) {
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
final OFileClassic file = files.get(intId);
if (file == null)
return false;
return file.exists();
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
public Future store(final long fileId, final long pageIndex, final OCachePointer dataPointer) {
Future future = null;
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
final PagedKey pagedKey = new PagedKey(intId, pageIndex);
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireExclusiveLock(pagedKey);
try {
PageGroup pageGroup = writeCachePages.get(pagedKey);
if (pageGroup == null) {
pageGroup = new PageGroup(System.currentTimeMillis(), dataPointer);
writeCachePages.put(pagedKey, pageGroup);
writeCacheSize.increment();
dataPointer.setWritersListener(this);
dataPointer.incrementWritersReferrer();
}
assert pageGroup.page.equals(dataPointer);
pageGroup.recencyBit = true;
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
if (exclusiveWriteCacheSize.get() > writeCacheMaxSize) {
future = commitExecutor.submit(new PeriodicFlushTask());
}
return future;
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
public OCachePointer load(long fileId, long pageIndex, boolean addNewPages) throws IOException {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
final PagedKey pagedKey = new PagedKey(intId, pageIndex);
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireSharedLock(pagedKey);
try {
PageGroup pageGroup = writeCachePages.get(pagedKey);
OCachePointer pagePointer;
if (pageGroup == null) {
pagePointer = cacheFileContent(fileId, intId, pageIndex, addNewPages);
if (pagePointer == null)
return null;
pagePointer.incrementReadersReferrer();
return pagePointer;
}
pagePointer = pageGroup.page;
pagePointer.incrementReadersReferrer();
return pagePointer;
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
@Override
public void addOnlyWriters(long fileId, long pageIndex) {
exclusiveWriteCacheSize.increment();
exclusiveWritePages.add(new PagedKey(extractFileId(fileId), pageIndex));
}
@Override
public void removeOnlyWriters(long fileId, long pageIndex) {
exclusiveWriteCacheSize.decrement();
exclusiveWritePages.remove(new PagedKey(extractFileId(fileId), pageIndex));
| -1.152836 | -0.840094 | -0.397656 | 0.404898 | [
-1.1802297183364459,
-1.1254427011764956
] | [
-0.825768589832667,
-0.8544186471336225
] | [
-0.27734345867352783,
-0.5179693259568604
] | [
0.4933449705191079,
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] | 1,328,779 | 5,120 | Github | -1 | -1 |
}
public void flush(long fileId) {
final Future<Void> future = commitExecutor.submit(new FileFlushTask(extractFileId(fileId)));
try {
future.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.interrupted();
throw new OException("File flush was interrupted", e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new OException("File flush was abnormally terminated", e);
}
}
public void flush() {
for (long fileId : files.keySet())
flush(fileId);
}
public long getFilledUpTo(long fileId) throws IOException {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
return files.get(intId).getFileSize() / pageSize;
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
public long getExclusiveWriteCachePagesSize() {
return exclusiveWriteCacheSize.get();
}
public boolean isOpen(long fileId) {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
OFileClassic fileClassic = files.get(intId);
if (fileClassic != null)
return fileClassic.isOpen();
return false;
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
public Long isOpen(String fileName) throws IOException {
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
initNameIdMapping();
final Integer fileId = nameIdMap.get(fileName);
if (fileId == null || fileId < 0)
return null;
final OFileClassic fileClassic = files.get(fileId);
if (fileClassic == null || !fileClassic.isOpen())
return null;
return composeFileId(id, fileId);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public void deleteFile(long fileId) throws IOException {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
final String name = doDeleteFile(intId);
if (name != null) {
nameIdMap.put(name, -intId);
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(name, -intId), true);
}
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public void truncateFile(long fileId) throws IOException {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
if (!isOpen(fileId))
return;
removeCachedPages(intId);
files.get(intId).shrink(0);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public void renameFile(long fileId, String oldFileName, String newFileName) throws IOException {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
if (!files.containsKey(intId))
return;
final OFileClassic file = files.get(intId);
final String osFileName = file.getName();
if (osFileName.startsWith(oldFileName)) {
final File newFile = new File(storageLocal.getStoragePath() + File.separator + newFileName + osFileName
.substring(osFileName.lastIndexOf(oldFileName) + oldFileName.length()));
boolean renamed = file.renameTo(newFile);
while (!renamed) {
renamed = file.renameTo(newFile);
}
}
nameIdMap.remove(oldFileName);
nameIdMap.put(newFileName, intId);
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(oldFileName, -1), false);
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(newFileName, intId), true);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
| -0.985736 | -0.778317 | -0.183186 | 0.397094 | [
-1.1090065960285105,
-0.8624650188087335
] | [
-0.9726001335000639,
-0.584033731355855
] | [
-0.3959127266102424,
0.029541705397968753
] | [
0.4309120840810387,
0.36327645710646367
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
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13
] | 1,328,779 | 6,144 | Github | -1 | -1 |
}
}
public long[] close() throws IOException {
flush();
if (!commitExecutor.isShutdown()) {
commitExecutor.shutdown();
try {
if (!commitExecutor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
throw new OException("Background data flush task cannot be stopped.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
OLogManager.instance().error(this, "Data flush thread was interrupted");
Thread.interrupted();
throw new OException("Data flush thread was interrupted", e);
}
}
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
long[] result = new long[files.size()];
int counter = 0;
for (Map.Entry<Integer, OFileClassic> fileEntry : files.entrySet()) {
OFileClassic fileClassic = fileEntry.getValue();
if (fileClassic.isOpen())
fileClassic.close();
result[counter++] = composeFileId(id, fileEntry.getKey());
}
if (nameIdMapHolder != null) {
nameIdMapHolder.setLength(0);
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : nameIdMap.entrySet()) {
writeNameIdEntry(new NameFileIdEntry(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()), false);
}
nameIdMapHolder.getFD().sync();
nameIdMapHolder.close();
}
return result;
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public void close(long fileId, boolean flush) throws IOException {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
if (!isOpen(intId))
return;
if (flush)
flush(intId);
else
removeCachedPages(intId);
files.get(intId).close();
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public OPageDataVerificationError[] checkStoredPages(OCommandOutputListener commandOutputListener) {
final int notificationTimeOut = 5000;
final List<OPageDataVerificationError> errors = new ArrayList<OPageDataVerificationError>();
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
for (int fileId : files.keySet()) {
OFileClassic fileClassic = files.get(fileId);
boolean fileIsCorrect;
try {
if (commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener.onMessage("Flashing file " + fileClassic.getName() + "... ");
flush(fileId);
if (commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener.onMessage("Start verification of content of " + fileClassic.getName() + "file ...");
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
long filledUpTo = fileClassic.getFileSize();
fileIsCorrect = true;
for (long pos = 0; pos < filledUpTo; pos += pageSize) {
boolean checkSumIncorrect = false;
boolean magicNumberIncorrect = false;
byte[] data = new byte[pageSize];
fileClassic.read(pos, data, data.length);
long magicNumber = OLongSerializer.INSTANCE.deserializeNative(data, 0);
if (magicNumber != MAGIC_NUMBER) {
magicNumberIncorrect = true;
if (commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener.onMessage(
"Error: Magic number for page " + (pos / pageSize) + " in file " + fileClassic.getName()
+ " does not much !!!");
fileIsCorrect = false;
}
final int storedCRC32 = OIntegerSerializer.INSTANCE.deserializeNative(data, OLongSerializer.LONG_SIZE);
final int calculatedCRC32 = calculatePageCrc(data);
if (storedCRC32 != calculatedCRC32) {
checkSumIncorrect = true;
if | -1.281586 | -0.832036 | -0.550623 | 0.4075 | [
-1.1473575080404756,
-1.4158138921242327
] | [
-0.9690188763374444,
-0.6950527033970575
] | [
-0.6381237445344401,
-0.46312311378292553
] | [
0.37368193817947526,
0.44131756515405024
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
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13,
795,
565
] | 1,328,779 | 7,168 | Github | -1 | -1 |
(commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener.onMessage(
"Error: Checksum for page " + (pos / pageSize) + " in file '" + fileClassic.getName() + "' is incorrect !!!");
fileIsCorrect = false;
}
if (magicNumberIncorrect || checkSumIncorrect)
errors.add(
new OPageDataVerificationError(magicNumberIncorrect, checkSumIncorrect, pos / pageSize, fileClassic.getName()));
if (commandOutputListener != null && System.currentTimeMillis() - time > notificationTimeOut) {
time = notificationTimeOut;
commandOutputListener.onMessage((pos / pageSize) + " pages were processed ...");
}
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
if (commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener
.onMessage("Error: Error during processing of file '" + fileClassic.getName() + "'. " + ioe.getMessage());
fileIsCorrect = false;
}
if (!fileIsCorrect) {
if (commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener.onMessage("Verification of file '" + fileClassic.getName() + "' is finished with errors.");
} else {
if (commandOutputListener != null)
commandOutputListener.onMessage("Verification of file '" + fileClassic.getName() + "' is successfully finished.");
}
}
return errors.toArray(new OPageDataVerificationError[errors.size()]);
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
}
public long[] delete() throws IOException {
long[] result = null;
filesLock.acquireWriteLock();
try {
result = new long[files.size()];
int counter = 0;
for (int fileId : files.keySet()) {
doDeleteFile(fileId);
result[counter++] = composeFileId(id, fileId);
}
if (nameIdMapHolderFile != null) {
if (nameIdMapHolderFile.exists()) {
nameIdMapHolder.close();
if (!nameIdMapHolderFile.delete())
throw new OStorageException("Cannot delete disk cache file which contains name-id mapping.");
}
nameIdMapHolder = null;
nameIdMapHolderFile = null;
}
} finally {
filesLock.releaseWriteLock();
}
if (!commitExecutor.isShutdown()) {
commitExecutor.shutdown();
try {
if (!commitExecutor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
throw new OException("Background data flush task cannot be stopped.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
OLogManager.instance().error(this, "Data flush thread was interrupted");
Thread.interrupted();
throw new OException("Data flush thread was interrupted", e);
}
}
return result;
}
public String fileNameById(long fileId) {
final int intId = extractFileId(fileId);
filesLock.acquireReadLock();
try {
return files.get(intId).getName();
} finally {
filesLock.releaseReadLock();
}
}
@Override
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void registerMBean() {
if (mbeanIsRegistered.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
try {
final MBeanServer server = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();
final ObjectName mbeanName = new ObjectName(getMBeanName());
if (!server.isRegistered(mbeanName)) {
server.registerMBean(this, mbeanName);
} else {
mbeanIsRegistered.set(false);
OLogManager.instance().warn(this,
"MBean with name %s has already registered. Probably your system was not shutdown correctly"
+ " or you have several running applications which use OrientDB engine inside", mbeanName.getCanonicalName());
}
} catch (MalformedObjectNameException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error | -1.421293 | -1.149872 | -0.804882 | 0.053713 | [
-1.465122207568188,
-1.3774629801122675
] | [
-1.0907816198665052,
-1.2089631062329467
] | [
-0.8112221945169165,
-0.7985409893899952
] | [
-0.11537567225206699,
0.22280246262080794
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,328,779 | 8,192 | Github | -1 | -1 |
during registration of write cache MBean.", e);
} catch (InstanceAlreadyExistsException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during registration of write cache MBean.", e);
} catch (MBeanRegistrationException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during registration of write cache MBean.", e);
} catch (NotCompliantMBeanException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during registration of write cache MBean.", e);
}
}
}
private String getMBeanName() {
return MBEAN_NAME + ",name=" + ObjectName.quote(storageLocal.getName()) + ",id=" + storageLocal.getId();
}
public void unregisterMBean() {
if (mbeanIsRegistered.compareAndSet(true, false)) {
try {
final MBeanServer server = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();
final ObjectName mbeanName = new ObjectName(getMBeanName());
server.unregisterMBean(mbeanName);
} catch (MalformedObjectNameException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during unregistration of write cache MBean.", e);
} catch (InstanceNotFoundException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during unregistration of write cache MBean.", e);
} catch (MBeanRegistrationException e) {
throw new OStorageException("Error during unregistration of write cache MBean.", e);
}
}
}
@Override
public long getWriteCacheSize() {
return writeCacheSize.get();
}
@Override
public long getWriteCacheSizeInMB() {
return getWriteCacheSize() / (1024 * 1024);
}
@Override
public double getWriteCacheSizeInGB() {
return Math.ceil((getWriteCacheSize() * 100.0) / (1024 * 1204 * 1024)) / 100;
}
@Override
public long getExclusiveWriteCacheSize() {
return exclusiveWriteCacheSize.get();
}
@Override
public long getExclusiveWriteCacheSizeInMB() {
return getExclusiveWriteCacheSize() / (1024 * 1024);
}
@Override
public double getExclusiveWriteCacheSizeInGB() {
return Math.ceil((getExclusiveWriteCacheSize() * 100.0) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)) / 100;
}
@Override
public Date getLastFuzzyCheckpointDate() {
return lastFuzzyCheckpointDate.get();
}
@Override
public long getLastAmountOfFlushedPages() {
return lastAmountOfFlushedPages.get();
}
@Override
public long getDurationOfLastFlush() {
return durationOfLastFlush.get();
}
private void openFile(final OFileClassic fileClassic) throws IOException {
if (fileClassic.exists()) {
if (!fileClassic.isOpen())
fileClassic.open();
} else {
throw new OStorageException("File '" + fileClassic + "' does not exist.");
}
}
private void addFile(final OFileClassic fileClassic) throws IOException {
if (!fileClassic.exists()) {
fileClassic.create();
fileClassic.synch();
} else {
throw new OStorageException("File '" + fileClassic.getName() + "' already exists.");
}
}
private void initNameIdMapping() throws IOException {
if (nameIdMapHolder == null) {
final File storagePath = new File(storageLocal.getStoragePath());
if (!storagePath.exists())
if (!storagePath.mkdirs())
throw new OStorageException("Cannot create directories for the path '" + storagePath + "'");
nameIdMapHolderFile = new File(storagePath, NAME_ID_MAP);
nameIdMapHolder = new RandomAccessFile(nameIdMapHolderFile, " | -1.673313 | -1.040644 | -0.936766 | 0.129153 | [
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-1.591132347036074
] | [
-1.1122691628422219,
-0.9690188763374444
] | [
-1.0153895970603501,
-0.8581426534865254
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] | 1,328,779 | 9,216 | Github | -1 | -1 |
rw");
readNameIdMap();
}
}
private OFileClassic createFile(String fileName) {
String path = storageLocal.getVariableParser().resolveVariables(storageLocal.getStoragePath() + File.separator + fileName);
OFileClassic fileClassic = new OFileClassic(path, storageLocal.getMode());
return fileClassic;
}
private void readNameIdMap() throws IOException {
nameIdMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer>();
long localFileCounter = -1;
nameIdMapHolder.seek(0);
NameFileIdEntry nameFileIdEntry;
while ((nameFileIdEntry = readNextNameIdEntry()) != null) {
final long absFileId = Math.abs(nameFileIdEntry.fileId);
if (localFileCounter < absFileId)
localFileCounter = absFileId;
nameIdMap.put(nameFileIdEntry.name, nameFileIdEntry.fileId);
}
if (localFileCounter > 0)
fileCounter = (int) localFileCounter;
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> nameIdEntry : nameIdMap.entrySet()) {
if (nameIdEntry.getValue() >= 0 && !files.containsKey(nameIdEntry.getValue())) {
OFileClassic fileClassic = createFile(nameIdEntry.getKey());
if (fileClassic.exists())
files.put(nameIdEntry.getValue(), fileClassic);
else {
final Integer fileId = nameIdMap.get(nameIdEntry.getKey());
if (fileId != null && fileId > 0) {
nameIdMap.put(nameIdEntry.getKey(), -fileId);
}
}
}
}
}
private NameFileIdEntry readNextNameIdEntry() throws IOException {
try {
final int nameSize = nameIdMapHolder.readInt();
byte[] serializedName = new byte[nameSize];
nameIdMapHolder.readFully(serializedName);
final String name = stringSerializer.deserialize(serializedName, 0);
final int fileId = (int) nameIdMapHolder.readLong();
return new NameFileIdEntry(name, fileId);
} catch (EOFException eof) {
return null;
}
}
private void writeNameIdEntry(NameFileIdEntry nameFileIdEntry, boolean sync) throws IOException {
nameIdMapHolder.seek(nameIdMapHolder.length());
final int nameSize = stringSerializer.getObjectSize(nameFileIdEntry.name);
byte[] serializedName = new byte[nameSize];
stringSerializer.serialize(nameFileIdEntry.name, serializedName, 0);
nameIdMapHolder.writeInt(nameSize);
nameIdMapHolder.write(serializedName);
nameIdMapHolder.writeLong(nameFileIdEntry.fileId);
if (sync)
nameIdMapHolder.getFD().sync();
}
private String doDeleteFile(int fileId) throws IOException {
if (isOpen(fileId))
truncateFile(fileId);
final OFileClassic fileClassic = files.remove(fileId);
String name = null;
if (fileClassic != null) {
name = fileClassic.getName();
if (fileClassic.exists())
fileClassic.delete();
}
return name;
}
private void removeCachedPages(int fileId) {
Future<Void> future = commitExecutor.submit(new RemoveFilePagesTask(fileId));
try {
future.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.interrupted();
throw new OException("File data removal was interrupted", e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new OException("File data removal was abnormally terminated", e);
}
}
private OCachePointer cacheFileContent(long fileId, int intId, long pageIndex, boolean addNewPages) throws IOException {
final long startPosition = page | -1.426771 | -0.825769 | -0.552526 | 0.319053 | [
-1.465122207568188,
-1.3884203835442575
] | [
-0.7756309895559949,
-0.8759061901093391
] | [
-0.35469880994774805,
-0.750352409907694
] | [
0.2800326085223714,
0.3580737165699579
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512,
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8026,
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426,
13,
1678,
2186,
1472,
1369,
8003,
353,
1813
] | 1,328,779 | 10,240 | Github | -1 | -1 |
Index * pageSize;
final long endPosition = startPosition + pageSize;
byte[] content = new byte[pageSize + 2 * PAGE_PADDING];
OCachePointer dataPointer;
final OFileClassic fileClassic = files.get(intId);
if (fileClassic == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File with id " + intId + " not found in WOW Cache");
OLogSequenceNumber lastLsn;
if (writeAheadLog != null)
lastLsn = writeAheadLog.getFlushedLSN();
else
lastLsn = new OLogSequenceNumber(-1, -1);
if (fileClassic.getFileSize() >= endPosition) {
fileClassic.read(startPosition, content, content.length - 2 * PAGE_PADDING, PAGE_PADDING);
final ODirectMemoryPointer pointer = ODirectMemoryPointerFactory.instance().createPointer(content);
dataPointer = new OCachePointer(pointer, lastLsn, fileId, pageIndex);
} else if (addNewPages) {
final int space = (int) (endPosition - fileClassic.getFileSize());
fileClassic.allocateSpace(space);
freeSpaceCheckAfterNewPageAdd();
final ODirectMemoryPointer pointer = ODirectMemoryPointerFactory.instance().createPointer(content);
dataPointer = new OCachePointer(pointer, lastLsn, fileId, pageIndex);
} else
return null;
return dataPointer;
}
private void flushPage(int fileId, long pageIndex, ODirectMemoryPointer dataPointer) throws IOException {
if (writeAheadLog != null) {
OLogSequenceNumber lsn = ODurablePage.getLogSequenceNumberFromPage(dataPointer);
OLogSequenceNumber flushedLSN = writeAheadLog.getFlushedLSN();
if (flushedLSN == null || flushedLSN.compareTo(lsn) < 0)
writeAheadLog.flush();
}
final byte[] content = dataPointer.get(PAGE_PADDING, pageSize);
OLongSerializer.INSTANCE.serializeNative(MAGIC_NUMBER, content, 0);
final int crc32 = calculatePageCrc(content);
OIntegerSerializer.INSTANCE.serializeNative(crc32, content, OLongSerializer.LONG_SIZE);
final OFileClassic fileClassic = files.get(fileId);
fileClassic.write(pageIndex * pageSize, content);
if (syncOnPageFlush)
fileClassic.synch();
}
private static final class NameFileIdEntry {
private final String name;
private final int fileId;
private NameFileIdEntry(String name, int fileId) {
this.name = name;
this.fileId = fileId;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
NameFileIdEntry that = (NameFileIdEntry) o;
if (fileId != that.fileId)
return false;
if (!name.equals(that.name))
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = name.hashCode();
result = 31 * result + fileId;
return result;
}
}
private static final class PagedKey implements Comparable<PagedKey> {
private final int fileId;
private final long pageIndex;
private PagedKey(int fileId, long pageIndex) {
this.fileId = fileId;
this.pageIndex = pageIndex;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(PagedKey other) {
if (fileId > other.fileId)
return 1;
if (fileId < other.fileId)
return -1;
if (pageIndex > other.pageIndex)
return 1 | -1.237756 | -0.80249 | -0.808052 | 0.573987 | [
-1.1802297183364459,
-1.2952824543723418
] | [
-0.7827935038812337,
-0.8221873326700475
] | [
-0.7630336150346153,
-0.8530701714357569
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0.5245614137381425,
0.6234134839317521
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3488,
3220,
29897,
13,
4706,
736,
29871,
29896
] | 1,328,779 | 11,264 | Github | -1 | -1 |
;
if (pageIndex < other.pageIndex)
return -1;
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
PagedKey pagedKey = (PagedKey) o;
if (fileId != pagedKey.fileId)
return false;
if (pageIndex != pagedKey.pageIndex)
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = fileId;
result = 31 * result + (int) (pageIndex ^ (pageIndex >>> 32));
return result;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PagedKey{" + "fileId=" + fileId + ", pageIndex=" + pageIndex + '}';
}
}
private final class PeriodicFlushTask implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
if (writeCachePages.isEmpty()) {
lastAmountOfFlushedPages.lazySet(0);
return;
}
int writePagesToFlush = 0;
final long wcs = exclusiveWriteCacheSize.get();
final long cs = writeCacheSize.get();
boolean iterateByWritePagesFirst = false;
boolean forceFlush = false;
double writeCacheThreshold = ((double) wcs) / writeCacheMaxSize;
if (writeCacheThreshold > 0.3) {
writePagesToFlush = (int) Math.floor(((writeCacheThreshold - 0.3) / 0.4) * MAX_PAGES_PER_FLUSH);
iterateByWritePagesFirst = true;
if (writeCacheThreshold > 0.7)
forceFlush = true;
}
double cacheThreshold = ((double) cs) / cacheMaxSize;
if (cacheThreshold > 0.3) {
final int pagesToFlush = (int) Math.floor(((cacheThreshold - 0.3) / 0.4) * MAX_PAGES_PER_FLUSH);
writePagesToFlush = Math.max(pagesToFlush, writePagesToFlush);
if (cacheThreshold > 0.7)
forceFlush = true;
}
writePagesToFlush = Math.max(4, Math.min(MAX_PAGES_PER_FLUSH, writePagesToFlush));
int flushedPages = 0;
flushedPages = flushRing(writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, false, iterateByWritePagesFirst);
if (flushedPages < writePagesToFlush) {
flushedPages = flushRing(writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, false, iterateByWritePagesFirst);
}
if (flushedPages < writePagesToFlush && iterateByWritePagesFirst) {
flushedPages = flushRing(writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, false, false);
}
if (flushedPages < writePagesToFlush && forceFlush) {
flushedPages = flushRing(writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, true, iterateByWritePagesFirst);
if (flushedPages < writePagesToFlush && iterateByWritePagesFirst) {
flushedPages = flushRing(writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, true, false);
if (flushedPages < writePagesToFlush) {
flushedPages = flushRing(writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, true, false);
}
}
}
lastAmountOfFlushedPages.lazySet(flushedPages);
} catch (Exception e) {
OLogManager.instance().error(this, "Exception during data flush.", e);
} finally {
final long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
durationOfLastFlush.lazySet(end - start);
| -1.788366 | -1.473976 | -1.040752 | -0.063348 | [
-1.8760248362678162,
-1.7007063813559748
] | [
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-1.366538421388202
] | [
-0.9798822227049704,
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] | 1,328,779 | 12,288 | Github | -1 | -1 |
}
}
private int flushRing(int writePagesToFlush, int flushedPages, boolean forceFlush, boolean iterateByWritePagesFirst)
throws IOException {
NavigableMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> subMap = null;
NavigableSet<PagedKey> writePagesSubset = null;
if (iterateByWritePagesFirst) {
writePagesSubset = exclusiveWritePages.tailSet(lastWritePageKey, false);
} else {
subMap = writeCachePages.tailMap(lastPageKey, false);
}
flushedPages = iterateBySubRing(subMap, writePagesSubset, writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, forceFlush,
iterateByWritePagesFirst);
if (flushedPages < writePagesToFlush) {
flushedPages = iterateBySubRing(writeCachePages, exclusiveWritePages, writePagesToFlush, flushedPages, forceFlush,
iterateByWritePagesFirst);
}
return flushedPages;
}
private int iterateBySubRing(NavigableMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> subMap, NavigableSet<PagedKey> subSet, int writePagesToFlush,
int flushedWritePages, boolean forceFlush, boolean iterateByWritePagesFirst) throws IOException {
if (!iterateByWritePagesFirst) {
return iterateByCacheSubRing(subMap, writePagesToFlush, flushedWritePages, forceFlush);
} else {
return iterateByWritePagesSubRing(subSet, writePagesToFlush, flushedWritePages, forceFlush);
}
}
private int iterateByWritePagesSubRing(NavigableSet<PagedKey> subSet, int writePagesToFlush, int flushedWritePages,
boolean forceFlush) throws IOException {
Iterator<PagedKey> entriesIterator = subSet.iterator();
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int flushedRegions = 0;
long lastPageIndex = -1;
while (entriesIterator.hasNext()) {
PagedKey entry = entriesIterator.next();
if (lastPageIndex >= 0) {
if (entry.pageIndex != lastPageIndex + 1) {
flushedRegions++;
}
}
if (flushedWritePages > writePagesToFlush && flushedRegions >= 4)
break;
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireExclusiveLock(entry);
try {
PageGroup group = writeCachePages.get(entry);
if (group == null) {
entriesIterator.remove();
continue;
}
final boolean weakLockMode = group.creationTime - currentTime < groupTTL && !forceFlush;
if (group.recencyBit && weakLockMode)
group.recencyBit = false;
else {
group.recencyBit = false;
final OCachePointer pagePointer = group.page;
if (!pagePointer.tryAcquireSharedLock())
continue;
try {
flushPage(entry.fileId, entry.pageIndex, pagePointer.getDataPointer());
final OLogSequenceNumber flushedLSN = ODurablePage.getLogSequenceNumberFromPage(pagePointer.getDataPointer());
pagePointer.setLastFlushedLsn(flushedLSN);
} finally {
pagePointer.releaseSharedLock();
}
pagePointer.decrementWritersReferrer();
pagePointer.setWritersListener(null);
entriesIterator.remove();
writeCachePages.remove(entry);
}
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
lastWritePageKey = entry;
flushedWritePages++;
lastPageIndex = entry.pageIndex;
writeCacheSize.decrement();
}
return flushedWritePages;
}
private int iterateByCacheSubRing(NavigableMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> subMap, int writePagesToFlush, int flushedWritePages,
boolean forceFlush) throws IOException {
Iterator< | -1.281586 | -0.9153 | -0.44743 | 0.553176 | [
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-1.1583149114724658
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-1.0048314479636389,
-0.825768589832667
] | [
-0.4900706746776334,
-0.40478957019908735
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0.5245614137381425,
0.581791559639706
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512,
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8026,
24490,
426,
13,
418,
20504,
1061,
29966
] | 1,328,779 | 13,312 | Github | -1 | -1 |
Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup>> entriesIterator = subMap.entrySet().iterator();
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int flushedRegions = 0;
long lastPageIndex = -1;
while (entriesIterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup> entry = entriesIterator.next();
final PageGroup group = entry.getValue();
final PagedKey pagedKey = entry.getKey();
if (lastPageIndex >= 0) {
if (pagedKey.pageIndex != lastPageIndex + 1) {
flushedRegions++;
if (flushedWritePages > writePagesToFlush && flushedRegions >= 4)
break;
}
}
final boolean weakLockMode = group.creationTime - currentTime < groupTTL && !forceFlush;
if (group.recencyBit && weakLockMode) {
group.recencyBit = false;
continue;
}
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireExclusiveLock(entry.getKey());
try {
if (group.recencyBit && weakLockMode)
group.recencyBit = false;
else {
group.recencyBit = false;
final OCachePointer pagePointer = group.page;
if (!pagePointer.tryAcquireSharedLock())
continue;
try {
flushPage(pagedKey.fileId, pagedKey.pageIndex, pagePointer.getDataPointer());
final OLogSequenceNumber flushedLSN = ODurablePage.getLogSequenceNumberFromPage(pagePointer.getDataPointer());
pagePointer.setLastFlushedLsn(flushedLSN);
} finally {
pagePointer.releaseSharedLock();
}
pagePointer.decrementWritersReferrer();
pagePointer.setWritersListener(null);
entriesIterator.remove();
}
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
lastPageKey = pagedKey;
flushedWritePages++;
lastPageIndex = pagedKey.pageIndex;
writeCacheSize.decrement();
}
return flushedWritePages;
}
}
private final class PeriodicalFuzzyCheckpointTask implements Runnable {
private PeriodicalFuzzyCheckpointTask() {
}
@Override
public void run() {
OLogSequenceNumber minLsn = writeAheadLog.getFlushedLSN();
minLsn = findMinLsn(minLsn, writeCachePages);
OLogManager.instance().debug(this, "Start fuzzy checkpoint flushed LSN is %s", minLsn);
try {
writeAheadLog.logFuzzyCheckPointStart(minLsn);
for (OFileClassic fileClassic : files.values()) {
fileClassic.synch();
}
writeAheadLog.logFuzzyCheckPointEnd();
writeAheadLog.flush();
if (minLsn.compareTo(new OLogSequenceNumber(-1, -1)) > 0)
writeAheadLog.cutTill(minLsn);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
OLogManager.instance().error(this, "Error during fuzzy checkpoint", ioe);
}
OLogManager.instance().debug(this, "End fuzzy checkpoint");
lastFuzzyCheckpointDate.lazySet(new Date());
}
private OLogSequenceNumber findMinLsn(OLogSequenceNumber minLsn, ConcurrentSkipListMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> ring) {
for (Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup> entry : ring.entrySet()) {
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireExclusiveLock(entry.getKey());
try {
PageGroup group = entry.getValue();
final OCachePointer pagePointer = group.page;
if (pagePointer.getLastFlushedLsn() != null) {
if (minLsn.compareTo(pagePointer.getLastFlushedLsn()) > 0 | -1.172012 | -0.816815 | -0.432688 | 0.514156 | [
-1.0158686668565946,
-1.328154664668312
] | [
-0.768468475230756,
-0.8651624186214808
] | [
-0.2139374330389211,
-0.6514390099177075
] | [
0.6858463703698213,
0.3424654949604406
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
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18307,
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3488,
14516,
29889,
657,
8897,
8754,
15392,
29931,
16586,
3101,
1405,
29871,
29900
] | 1,328,779 | 14,336 | Github | -1 | -1 |
) {
minLsn = pagePointer.getLastFlushedLsn();
}
}
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
}
return minLsn;
}
}
private final class FileFlushTask implements Callable<Void> {
private final int fileId;
private FileFlushTask(int fileId) {
this.fileId = fileId;
}
@Override
public Void call() throws Exception {
final PagedKey firstKey = new PagedKey(fileId, 0);
final PagedKey lastKey = new PagedKey(fileId, Long.MAX_VALUE);
flushRing(writeCachePages.subMap(firstKey, true, lastKey, true));
files.get(fileId).synch();
return null;
}
private void flushRing(NavigableMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> subMap) throws IOException {
Iterator<Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup>> entryIterator = subMap.entrySet().iterator();
while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup> entry = entryIterator.next();
final PageGroup pageGroup = entry.getValue();
final PagedKey pagedKey = entry.getKey();
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireExclusiveLock(pagedKey);
try {
final OCachePointer pagePointer = pageGroup.page;
if (!pagePointer.tryAcquireSharedLock())
continue;
try {
flushPage(pagedKey.fileId, pagedKey.pageIndex, pagePointer.getDataPointer());
} finally {
pagePointer.releaseSharedLock();
}
pagePointer.decrementWritersReferrer();
pagePointer.setWritersListener(null);
writeCacheSize.decrement();
entryIterator.remove();
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
}
}
}
private final class RemoveFilePagesTask implements Callable<Void> {
private final int fileId;
private RemoveFilePagesTask(int fileId) {
this.fileId = fileId;
}
@Override
public Void call() throws Exception {
final PagedKey firstKey = new PagedKey(fileId, 0);
final PagedKey lastKey = new PagedKey(fileId, Long.MAX_VALUE);
removeFromRing(writeCachePages.subMap(firstKey, true, lastKey, true));
return null;
}
private void removeFromRing(NavigableMap<PagedKey, PageGroup> subMap) {
Iterator<Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup>> entryIterator = subMap.entrySet().iterator();
while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<PagedKey, PageGroup> entry = entryIterator.next();
PageGroup pageGroup = entry.getValue();
PagedKey pagedKey = entry.getKey();
Lock groupLock = lockManager.acquireExclusiveLock(pagedKey);
try {
final OCachePointer pagePointer = pageGroup.page;
pagePointer.acquireExclusiveLock();
try {
pagePointer.decrementWritersReferrer();
pagePointer.setWritersListener(null);
writeCacheSize.decrement();
} finally {
pagePointer.releaseExclusiveLock();
}
entryIterator.remove();
} finally {
lockManager.releaseLock(groupLock);
}
}
}
}
private static class FlushThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private final String storageName;
private FlushThreadFactory(String storageName) {
this.storageName = storageName;
}
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread thread = new Thread(OStorageAbstract.storageThreadGroup, r);
thread.setDaemon(true);
thread.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
thread.setName("Orient | -1.174751 | -0.9726 | -0.459239 | 0.534967 | [
-1.3336333663843072,
-1.0158686668565946
] | [
-0.9546938476869667,
-0.9905064193131611
] | [
-0.5777295051174772,
-0.34074948430813456
] | [
0.4777367489095906,
0.5921970407127175
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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842,
1170,
703,
15988,
296
] | 1,328,779 | 15,360 | Github | -1 | -1 |
Q: как вставить StateIndicatorControl в ячейки GridControl для отображения её значения? Будет многовато кода, но он простой, без излишеств :)
Мне требуется чтобы в таблице только один из рядов(№3 Статус) но НЕ колонок, отображал свои значения (0 или 1) не в виде числа, а с помощью "лампочки" StateIndicatorControl;
тестовое содержимое таблицы (пардон, не могу её оформить лучше):
ROW_ORDER |PARAMETER_NAME |COLUMN1|COLUMN2|COLUMN3|COLUMN4
1 Уровень (%) 1 2 3 4
2 Скорость (м/мин) 111 222 333 444
3 Статус 1 1 1 1
представление таблицы (XAML):
<dxg:GridControl x:Name="cristallizerByStreamsGrid" ItemsSource="{Binding CristallizerStreams}"
AutoGenerateColumns="KeepOld" EnableSmartColumnsGeneration="True"
ShowBorder="True" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Top" MaxHeight="3000">
<dxg:GridControl.Columns>
<dxg:GridColumn x:Name="columnRowOrder" Header="ROW_ORDER" FieldName="ROW_ORDER" ReadOnly="True" Visible="False" />
<dxg:GridColumn x:Name="columnParameterName" Header="Параметр" FieldName="PARAMETER_NAME" ReadOnly="True" />
<dxg:GridColumn x:Name="column1" Header="1" FieldName="COLUMN1" ReadOnly="True" />
<dxg:GridColumn x:Name="column2" Header="2" FieldName="COLUMN2" ReadOnly="True" />
<dxg:GridColumn x:Name="column3" Header="3" FieldName="COLUMN3" ReadOnly="True" />
<dxg:GridColumn x:Name="column4" Header="4" FieldName="COLUMN4" ReadOnly="True" />
</dxg:GridControl.Columns>
<dxg:GridControl.View >
<dxg:TableView x:Name="cristallizerByStreamsGridView" AllowPerPixelScrolling="True" AutoWidth="True" ShowTotalSummary="False" ShowGroupPanel="False" />
</dxg:GridControl.View>
</dxg:GridControl>
успешно заполняется из привязанного источника данных; пытаюсь наколхозить своё решение просто вручную перебирая ячейки требуемого ряда и перезадавая содержимое ячейки (C#):
for (byte columnNumber=1; columnNumber<5; ++columnNumber)
{
string columnName = (@"COLUMN" + Convert.ToString(columnNumber));
int rowHandle = cristallizerByStreamsGrid.GetRowHandleByListIndex(2);
var rowHeader = cristallizerByStreamsGrid.GetCellValue(rowHandle, columnParameterName);//!ТЕСТ, получим заголовок ряда
var cellValue = cristallizerByStreamsGrid.GetCellValue(rowHandle, columnName);// as decimal?;
var cellElement = cristallizerByStreamsGridView.GetCellElementByRowHandleAndColumn(rowHandle, columnParameterName);
StateIndicatorControl indicator = new StateIndicatorControl();
indicator.StateIndex = Convert.ToInt32(cellValue);//цвет лампы
cristallizerByStreamsGrid.SetCellValue(rowHandle, columnName, indicator);//!исключение
}
!исключение: объект не реализует IConvertible -- оно в принципе и ожидалось :) видимо, там должно быть простое значение.
Наверное следует получать ячейку и какой-нить | -1.484298 | -1.764058 | -0.838487 | -0.388194 | [
-1.322675962952317,
-1.6459193641960246
] | [
-1.645876480072518,
-1.8822394528054012
] | [
-0.45361220993773455,
-1.2233613611418601
] | [
-0.3195832383099184,
-0.45680551996025803
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
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\section{\textbf{Introduction}}
A semigroup $S$ which is
also a Hausdorff topological space is called a semitopological semigroup, if for each $s\in S$, $\lambda_{s} :S\rightarrow S$ and $r_{s} :S\rightarrow S$ are
continuous, where for each $x\in S$, $\lambda_{s}(x)=sx$ and
$r_{s}(x)=xs$. If just $r_s$, for each $s\in S$, is continuous, $ S$ is called a right topological semigroup.
A pair $(\psi,X)$ is a semigroup compactification of $S$ if $X$ is a Hausdorff compact right topological
semigroup and $\psi:S\rightarrow X$ is continuous homomorphism with dense image
such that for all $s\in S$, the mapping
$x\mapsto\psi(s)x:X\rightarrow X$ is continuous. For more details
see \cite[Section 2]{Analyson}.
All semigroup compactifications of a semitopological semigroup as a
collection of $z$-ultrafilters or $e$-ultrafilters have been described, see \cite{Alaste1}, \cite{Alaste2}, \cite{Akbarii} and \cite{Akbari} for more details and some applications. This approach gives us a new light on studying this
kind of compactifications. It seems that the methods presented in
\cite{Alaste1}, \cite{Alaste2}, \cite{Akbarii} and
\cite{Akbari} can serve as a valuable tool in the study of semigroup compactifications and also of topological compactifications. But this methods depend on concepts of topology on semigroups. For a clear example, the Stone-$\check{C}$ech compactification of real additive numbers equipped to the natural topology is not semigroup compactification.
Let $(S,\cdot)$ be a semitopological semigroup. In Preliminary for a nonempty set $X$, we define ultrafiler on a $\sigma$-algebra $\mathfrak{m}$, is called $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter. Also, we study $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ as a collection of all $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilters on $\mathfrak{m}$ respect to $\sigma$-algebra generated by $\{\widehat{A}:A\in\mathfrak{m}\}$, where $\widehat{A}=\{p\in\mathfrak{m}^\beta:A\in p\}$.
In Section 3, for two measurable spaces $(X,\mathfrak{m})$ and $(Y,\mathfrak{n})$ we show that if $f:(X,\mathfrak{m})\rightarrow(Y,\mathfrak{n})$ is measurable function then there exists a unique measurable extension of $f$.
In Section 4, we define measurable semigroup and we extend $"\cdot"$ naturally to $"*"$ on $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$. Also, some elementary algebraic properties of $(\mathfrak{m}^\beta,*)$ as extension of measurable semigroup $(S,\cdot,\mathfrak{m})$ is stated.
In Section 5, we concentrate on the Lebesgue measurable subsets od $S=(0,+\infty)$.
\section{\textbf{Preliminary}}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$. Then $(X,\mathfrak{m})$ is called measurable space. We say that $\mathfrak{m}$ separate $X$ if for each $x,y\in X$ there exist $A,B\in\mathfrak{m}$ such that $x\in A$, $y\in B$ and $A\cap B=\emptyset$.
If $\mu$ is a measure on $\mathfrak{m}$, then $(X,\mathfrak{m}, \mu)$ is a measure space. The outer measure $\mu^*$ can be defined
for every nonnegative measure $\mu$. The collection of $\mu^*-$measurable sets is denoted by $\mathfrak{m}_{\mu}$. Also $\mu^*$ is a measure on
$\mathfrak{m}_{\mu}$, $(X,\mathfrak{m}_{\mu}, \mu^*)$ is a Lebesgue extension or the Lebesgue completion of the measure $\mu$, and $\mathfrak{m}\subseteq\mathfrak{m}_{\mu}$, see Theorem 1.5.6 in \cite{Bogachev}.
Let $(X,\mathfrak{m}_1)$ and $(X,\mathfrak{m}_2)$ be | 0.314771 | -0.351588 | 0.962878 | 2.303899 | [
0.5291252170540072,
0.10041680777739512
] | [
-0.3978083588996442,
-0.30536715838953
] | [
1.0541830796532135,
0.8715737258255462
] | [
2.2830877150770923,
2.3247096393691384
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512,
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] | 1,328,784 | 0 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
measurable spaces. The function $ f: X\rightarrow Y$ is an
$(\mathfrak{m}_1,\mathfrak{m}_2)$-measurable function if $f^{-1}(A)\in \mathfrak{m}_1$ for every $A\in \mathfrak{m}_2$.
Let $(Y, \tau)$ be a topological space. The $\sigma$-algebra generated by $\tau$ is called the Borel $\sigma$-algebra and is denoted by $B_\tau$.
The function $f: (X,\mathfrak{m})\rightarrow (Y,\tau)$ is an
$\mathfrak{m}$-measurable function if $f^{-1}(A)\in \mathfrak{m}$ for every $A\in \tau$.
Let $(X,\mathcal{A})$ and $(Y,\mathcal{B})$ be two measurable spaces. For $X\times Y$, we consider the collection of all sets of the from $A\times B$ , where $A\in \mathcal{A}$ and $B\in \mathcal{B}$, called measurable rectangle. The $\sigma$-algebra generated by all measurable rectangles is called product of the $\sigma$-algebras $\mathcal{A} $ and $\mathcal{B} $, and is denoted by $\mathcal{A}\bigotimes \mathcal{B}$. Let $ \mu $ and $\nu $ be measures on $\mathcal{A} $ and $\mathcal{B} $, respectively. Define $\mu \times \nu (A\times B) =\mu(A) \nu(B) $ for each measurable rectangles $A\times B$.
\begin{theorem}
The set function $\mu\times \nu $ extends to a countably additive measure, denoted by $\mu\bigotimes \nu $, on $\mathcal{A}\bigotimes \mathcal{B} $.
\end{theorem}
Proof: See Theorem 3.3.1 in \cite{Bogachev}.
\begin{theorem}
Let $(X_1,\mathcal{A}_1)$ and $(X_2,\mathcal{A}_2)$ be measurable spaces. Then the set
$A_{x_1}=\{x_2\in X_2:(x_1,x_2)\in A\}\in \mathcal{A}_2$ for every $A\in\mathcal{A}_1\otimes\mathcal{A}_2$ and $x_1\in X_1$.
Also the set
$A^{x_2}=\{x_1\in X_1:(x_1,x_2)\in A\}\in \mathcal{A}_1$ for every $A\in\mathcal{A}_1\otimes\mathcal{A}_2$ and $x_2\in X_2$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
See Proposition 3.3.2 in \cite{Bogachev}.
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$. We say $p\subseteq \mathfrak{m}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter if
$(a)$ $\emptyset\notin p$ and $X\in p$.
$(b)$ If $A,B\in \mathfrak{m}$, $A\in p$, and $A\subseteq B$, then $B\in p$.
$(c)$ If $A,B\in p$, then $A\cap B\in p$.
\end{defn}
An $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter which is not properly contained in
any other $\mathfrak{m}$-filter. Zorn's Lemma guarantees that there exist $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$-ultrafilters.
\begin{lem}\label{L1}
Let $p$ be an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter and $A\in \mathfrak{m}$. Either
$(a)$ there is some $B\in p$ such that $A\cap B=\emptyset$ or
$(b)$ $\{ C\in\mathfrak{m}:\ there \ is \ some\ B\in p \ with\ A\cap B\subseteq C\}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
If there is $(a)$, then the statement is obvious.
If $(a)$ is false, then $A\cap B\neq \emptyset$ for every $B\in p$. Let
\[
\mathcal{A}=\{C\in \mathfrak{m}:\ there \ is | -0.331031 | -0.898289 | 0.540594 | 2.137411 | [
0.34832806042617076,
-1.0103899651405996
] | [
-0.4730147593146524,
-1.3235633354367689
] | [
1.2165025052778067,
-0.13531396125200873
] | [
2.491197336537323,
1.7836246235725384
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,784 | 1,024 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
\ some\ B\in p \ with\ A\cap B\subseteq C\}.
\]
It is obvious that $A\in\mathcal{A}$, $\emptyset\notin \mathcal{A}$, and $X\in \mathcal{A}$. If $C\in \mathcal{A}$ and $C\subseteq C'\in\mathfrak{m}$, then $C'\in \mathcal{A}$. Also if $C,D\in\mathcal{A}$, then there exist $B_1, B_2\in p$ such that $B_1\cap A\subseteq C$ and $B_2\cap A\subseteq D$. So
$(B_1\cap B_2)\cap A\subseteq D\cap C$ and hence $B_1\cap B_2\in p$ Since $p$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter. So $D\cap C\in\mathcal{A}$ and this implies
that $\mathcal{A}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}\label{T2}
Let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ and $p\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$ be an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter. The following statements are
equivalent:
$(a)$ $p$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter.
$(b)$ for all $A,B\in \mathfrak{m}$, if $A\cup B\in p$ then $ A\in p$ or $B\in p$.
$(c)$ for all $A\in \mathfrak{m}$ either $ A\in p$ or $A^c\in p$.
$(d)$ for each $A\in \mathfrak{m}\setminus p$ there is some $B
\in p$ such that $A\cap B=\emptyset$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
(a) implies (b). Let $A, B\in \mathfrak{m}$ such that $A\cup B\in p$. If $B\notin p$ and $A\notin p$, then there are
$C, D\in p$ such that $A\cap C=\emptyset$ and by Lemma \ref{L1}, $B\cap D=\emptyset$. So
\begin{align*}
(A\cup B)\cap (D\cap C) &= (A\cap(D\cap C))\cup (B\cap(D\cap C))\\
& \subseteq (A\cap C)\cup(B\cap D)=\emptyset. \\
\end{align*}
Then $\emptyset\in p$, is contradiction.
(b) implies (c). It is obvious.
(c) implies (d). Let $A\in\mathfrak{m}$ such that $A\notin p$. Then $A^c\in p$ so $A\cap A^c=\emptyset$.
(d) implies (a). Let $p$ be an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter and let $\mathcal{A}$ be an $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter such that $p\subseteq\mathcal{A}$.
Pick $A\in \mathcal{A}\setminus p$. Then $A\notin p$ so there is a some $B\in p$ such that $A\cap B=\emptyset$.
But $\emptyset=A\cap B\in \mathcal{A}$, a contradiction.
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$. For $x\in X$, we define
\[
\hat{x}=\{A\in \mathfrak{m}:x\in A\}.
\]
\end{defn}
and $\hat{x}$ is called $\mathfrak{m}$-principal ultrafilter.
It is obvious that $p$ is the $\mathfrak{m}$-principal ultrafilter if and only if $\bigcap p\neq\emptyset$.
\begin{theorem}\label{T1}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set, $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$, and $\mathcal{A}\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$ has the finite
intersection property. Then there is an $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter $p$ such that $\mathcal{A}\subseteq p$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
By Zorn's Lemma is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
Let $X$ be a | -0.874792 | -1.380863 | 0.190593 | 1.518285 | [
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-0.7008433181868797
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-1.259100706509619
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0.0422229105248901,
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] | 1,328,784 | 2,048 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
nonempty set, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$, and let $\mathcal{R}$ be a nonempty set such that $\mathcal{R}\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$. We say that $\mathcal{R}$ is partition regular
if and only if whenever $A,B\in \mathfrak{m}$ and $A\cup B\in \mathcal{R}$, there exists $C\in \mathcal{R} $
such that $C\subseteq A$ or $C\subseteq B$.
\end{defn}
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$, and let $\mathcal{R}$ be a nonempty set such that $\mathcal{R}\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$ and assume that $\emptyset\notin \mathcal{R}$.
Let $R^{\uparrow}=\{B\in \mathfrak{m}:A\subseteq B\mbox{ for some } A\in\mathcal{R}\}$.
The following statements
are equivalent:
$(a)$ $\mathcal{R}$ is partition regular.
$(b)$ Whenever $\mathcal{A}\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$ has the property that every finite nonempty subfamily of
$\mathcal{A}$ has an intersection which is in $R^{\uparrow}$, there is an $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter $p\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$ such that
$\mathcal{A}\subseteq p\subseteq R^{\uparrow}$.
$(c)$ Whenever $A\in\mathcal{R}$, there is some $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter $p$ such that $A\in p\subseteq R^{\uparrow}$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
(a) implies (b). Let $\mathcal{B}=\{A\in\mathfrak{m}:\forall\ B\in \mathcal{R}, A\cap B\neq \emptyset\}$ and note that
$\mathcal{B}\neq\emptyset$. We may assume that $\mathcal{A}\neq\emptyset$, since $\{X\}$ has the
hypothesized property. Let $\mathcal{C}=\mathcal{A}\cup\mathcal{B}$. We claim that $\mathcal{C}$ has the finite intersection
property. To see this it suffices (since $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ are nonempty) to let $\mathcal{F}\in P_f(\mathcal{A})$ and
$\mathcal{G}\in P_f(\mathcal{B})$ and show that $\bigcap\mathcal{F}\cap\bigcap\mathcal{G}\neq\emptyset$. So suppose instead that we have such $\mathcal{F}$
and $\mathcal{G}$ with $\bigcap\mathcal{F}\cap\bigcap\mathcal{G}=\emptyset$. Pick $B\in\mathcal{R}$ such that $B \subseteq\bigcap\mathcal{F}$.
Then $B\cap\bigcap\mathcal{G}=\emptyset$
and so $B=\bigcup_{A\in\mathcal{G}}(B\setminus A)$. Pick $A\in\mathcal{G}$ and $C\in\mathcal{R}$ such that $C\subseteq B\setminus A$. Then
$A\cap C=\emptyset$, contradicting the fact that $A\in\mathcal{B}$.
By Theorem \ref{T1}, there is an $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter $p$ such that $\mathcal{C}\subseteq p$. Given $C\in p$,
$X\setminus C\notin\mathcal{B}$ (since $C\cap(X\setminus C)=\emptyset \notin p$). So pick some $B\in\mathcal{R}$ such that $B\cap(X\setminus C)=\emptyset$.
That is, $B\subseteq C$.
(b) implies (c). Let $\mathcal{A}=\{A\}$.
(c) implies (a). Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a finite set of elements of $\mathfrak{m}$ with $\bigcup\mathcal{F}\in \mathcal{R}$ and let $p$ be an
$\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter such that $\bigcup\mathcal{F}\in p$ and for each $C\in p$ there is some $B\in\mathcal{R}$ such
that $B\subseteq C$. Pick by Theorem \ref{T2} some $A\in\mathcal{F}\cap p$.
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}\label{C1}
Let $(X,\mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable space. Let $\mathcal | -0.387359 | -1.187476 | 0.582442 | 2.017748 | [
-0.2272780386105583,
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] | [
-1.0370627624272137,
-1.3378883640872465
] | [
0.7346167104547956,
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] | 1,328,784 | 3,072 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
{A}\subseteq \mathfrak{m}$ be an arbitrary
family. If the intersection of every finite subfamily of $\mathcal{A}$ is infinite, then $\mathcal{A}$ is contained in an $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter
all of whose members are infinite. More generally, if $\kappa$ is an infinite cardinal
and if the intersection of every finite subfamily of $\mathcal{A}$ has cardinality at least $\kappa$, then there exists
$\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilter $p$ such that $|A|\geq\kappa$ for every $A\in p$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
Let $(X,\mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable space. The collection of all $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilters
is denoted by $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$. For each $A\in\mathfrak{m}$, we define
\[
\widehat{A}=\{p\in\mathfrak{m}^\beta:A\in p\}.
\]
\begin{lem}\label{L2}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$, and let $A,B\in \mathfrak{m}$.
$(a)$ $\widehat{A\cap B}=\widehat{A}\cap\widehat{B}$;
$(b)$ $\widehat{A\cup B}=\widehat{A}\cup\widehat{B}$;
$(c)$ $\widehat{X\setminus A}=\mathfrak{m}^{\beta}\setminus\widehat{A}$;
$(d)$ $\widehat{A}=\emptyset$ if and only if $A=\emptyset$;
$(e)$ $\widehat{A}=\mathfrak{m}^{\beta}$ if and only if $A=X$;
$(f)$ $\widehat{A}=\widehat{B}$ if and only if $A=B$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
The collection $\{\widehat{A}:A\in\mathfrak{m}\}$ is a basis for topology on $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
\begin{theorem}\label{T3}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$. Then $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is a compact and Hausdorff space.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Suppose that $p$ and $q$ are distinct elements of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$. If $A\in p\setminus q$, then
$X\setminus A\in q$. So $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{X\setminus A}$ are disjoint open subsets of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ containing $p$ and $q$, respectively. Thus $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is Hausdorff.
To show that $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is compact, we shall consider a family
$\mathcal{A} $ of sets of the form $\widehat{A}$ with the finite intersection property and show that $\mathcal{A}$ has a
nonempty intersection. Let $\mathcal{B}=\{A\in\mathfrak{m}:\widehat{A}\in\mathcal{A}\}$. If $F\in P_f(\mathcal{B})$, then there is
some $p\in \bigcap_{A\in \mathcal{F}}\widehat{A}$ and so $\bigcap\mathcal{F}\in p$ and thus $\bigcap\mathcal{F}\neq \emptyset$. That is, B has the finite
intersection property, so by Theorem \ref{T1} pick $q\in\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ with $\mathcal{B}\subseteq q$. Then $q\in \bigcap\mathcal{A}$.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an infinite $\sigma$-algebra on $X$. Then the sets of the form $\widehat{A}$ are the clopen
subsets of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Each set $\widehat{A}$ is closed as well as open.
Suppose that $C$ is any clopen subset of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$. Let $\mathcal{A}=\{\widehat{A}:A\in \mathfrak{m} \ and \ \widehat{A}\subseteq C \}$.
Since $C$ is open, $\mathcal{A}$ is an open cover of $C$. Since $C$ is closed, it is compact by Theorem | 0.072895 | -1.05855 | 0.633167 | 2.012545 | [
-0.13405450472433017,
0.27984428897623276
] | [
-0.9582751048495861,
-1.1588255059562746
] | [
0.6433120335409619,
0.6230221053378877
] | [
2.1166000179089077,
1.9084903964486768
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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2.5(b). Now by Theorem \ref{T3}, pick a finite subfamily $\mathcal{F}$ of $\mathfrak{m}$ such that $C=\bigcup_{A\in\mathcal{F}}\widehat{A}$. Then by Lemma \ref{L2}, $C=\widehat{\bigcup \mathcal{F}}$.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}\label{T5}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ containing $P_f(X)$.
$(a)$ For every $A\in\mathfrak{m}$, $\widehat{A}=cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}e(A)$ where $e:X\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is defined by $e(x)=\hat{x}$.
$(b)$ For any $A\in\mathfrak{m}$ and any $p\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, $p\in cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}e(A) $ if and only if $A\in p$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}\label{T4}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ and $\mathfrak{m}$ separate $X$. Let $e:X\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is defined by $e(x)=\hat{x}$.
$(a)$ The mapping $e$ is $\mathfrak{m}$-measurable.
$(b)$ If $(X, \mathfrak{m})$ is measurable space and let $P_f(X)\subseteq\mathfrak{m}$, then the mapping $e$ is injective.
$(c)$ $e(X)$ is a dense subset of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
$(a)$ Since $A=e^{-1}(\widehat{A})$ for every $A\in \mathfrak{m}$, so the mapping $e$ is $\mathfrak{m}$-measurable.
The proofs $(b)$ and $(c)$ are obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ containing $P_f(X)$. If $U$ is an open subset of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$,
$cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}U $ is also open.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
If $U=\emptyset$, the conclusion is trivial and so we assume that $U\neq\emptyset$. Put
$A=e^{-1}[U]$. We claim first that $U\subseteq cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}e(A)$. So let $p\in U$ and let $\widehat{B}$ be a basic
neighborhood of $p$. Then $U\cap \widehat{B}$ is a nonempty open set and so by Theorem \ref{T4} $(c)$, $U\cap\widehat{B}\cap e(X)\neq \emptyset$.
So pick $b\in B$ with $e(b)\in U$. Then $e(b)\in \widehat{B}\cap e(A)$ and so $\widehat{B}\cap e(A)\neq\emptyset$.
Also $e[A]\subseteq U $ and hence $U\subseteq cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}e(A)\subseteq cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}U$. By Theorem \ref{T5} $(a)$,
$cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}U=cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}e(A)=\widehat{A}$,
and so $cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}U$ is open in $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ containing $P_f(X)$, and let $\mathcal{A}$ be an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter.
We define $\widehat{\mathcal{A}}=\{p\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta: \mathcal{A}\subseteq p\}$.
\end{defn}
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set and let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ containing $P_f(X)$.
$(a)$ If $\mathcal{A}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter | -0.384277 | -1.189266 | 0.349108 | 1.846058 | [
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, then $\widehat{A}$ is a closed subset of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
$(b)$ If $\emptyset \neq A\subseteq \mathfrak{m}^\beta$ and $\mathcal{A}=\bigcap A$, then $\mathcal{A}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter and $\mathcal{\widehat{A}}=cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}A$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
$(a)$ Let $p\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta\setminus \mathcal{A} $. Pick $B\in \mathcal{A}\setminus p$. Then $\widehat{X\setminus B}$ is a neighborhood of $p$
which misses $\widehat{\mathcal{A}}$.
$(b)$ $\mathcal{A}$ is the intersection of a set of $\mathfrak{m}$-filters, so $\mathcal{A}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-filter. Further, for each $p\in A$,
$\mathcal{A}\subseteq p$ so $A\subseteq \widehat{\mathcal{A}}$ and thus by $(a)$,
$cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}A\subseteq\mathcal{\widehat{A}}$. To see that $\mathcal{\widehat{A}}\subseteq cl_{\mathfrak{m}^\beta}A$,
let $p\in \widehat{\mathcal{A}}$ and let
$B\in p$. Suppose $\widehat{B}\cap A=\emptyset$. Then for each $q\in A$, $X\setminus B\in q$ so $X\setminus B\in \mathcal{A}\subseteq p$,
a contradiction.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ containing $P_f(X)$, $p\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, and $U\subseteq \mathfrak{m}^\beta $.
If $U$ is a neighborhood of
$p$ in $\mathfrak{m}^\beta $, then $e^{-1}[U]\in p $.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
If $U$ is a neighborhood of $p$, there is a basic open subset $\widehat{A}$ of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta $ for which
$p\in \widehat{A}\subseteq U$. This implies that $A\in p$ and so $e^{-1}[U]\in p $, because $A\subseteq e^{-1}[U]$.
\end{proof}
\section{\textbf{More Topology of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ }}
Now let $(X,\mathfrak{m}_1)$ and $(Y,\mathfrak{m}_2)$ be two measurable spaces such that $P_f(X)\subseteq\mathfrak{m}_1$ and $P_f(Y)\subseteq\mathfrak{m}_2$. Also let $\varphi: X\rightarrow Y$ be an
$(\mathfrak{m}_1,\mathfrak{m}_2)$-measurable function. In Lemma 3.1, we show that $\varphi$ has a unique extension.
\begin{lem}\label{L3}
Let $(X,\mathfrak{m}_1)$ and $(Y,\mathfrak{m}_2)$ be measurable spaces such that $P_f(X)\subseteq\mathfrak{m}_1$ and $P_f(Y)\subseteq\mathfrak{m}_2$. Let $\varphi: (X,\mathfrak{m}_1)\rightarrow (Y,\mathfrak{m}_2)$ be an
$(\mathfrak{m}_1,\mathfrak{m}_2)$-measurable function. Then there exists a continuous function
$\varphi_\beta:\mathfrak{m}_1^\beta\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}_2^\beta$ such that
$(a)$ $\varphi_\beta(p)=\{A\in \mathfrak{m}_2: \varphi^{-1}(A)\in p \}$.
$(b)$ $e_Y\circ\varphi$ = $\varphi_\beta\circ e_X$.
$(c)$ If $A\in p\in \mathfrak{m}_1^\beta$, then $\varphi(A)\in \varphi_\beta(p)$ and if $B\in \varphi_\beta(p)$, then $\varphi^{-1}(B)\in p$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
$(a)$ It is obvious that $\{A\in \mathfrak{m}_2: \varphi^{-1}(A)\in p \}$ is an $\mathfrak{m}_2$-ultrafilter. For every $p\in \mathfrak{m}_1^\beta$, let
\[
g(p)=\{A\in \ | -0.578257 | -1.380863 | 0.141136 | 1.601529 | [
-0.4501927146801066,
-0.7063220199028748
] | [
-1.2304506492086633,
-1.5312762508686961
] | [
0.29331077203793277,
-0.011038151008179554
] | [
1.8044355857185614,
1.3986218238711117
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
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262,
320
] | 1,328,784 | 6,144 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
mathfrak{m}_2: \varphi^{-1}(A)\in p \}.
\]
Then for every $x\in X$,
\begin{align*}
g(e(x)) &=\{A\in \mathfrak{m}_2:\varphi^{-1}(A)\in e(x)\} \\
&= \{A\in \mathfrak{m}_2:x\in \widehat{\varphi^{-1}(A)}\} \\
&= \{A\in \mathfrak{m}_2:\varphi(x)\in A\}
\end{align*}
So $g(e(x))=\varphi(x)$.
To see that $g$ is continuous, let $A\in \mathfrak{m}_2$. Then
$\widehat{(g\circ e)^{-1}(A)}=\widehat{\varphi^{-1}(A)}$.
Since $g$ is a continuous extension
of $\varphi$, we have $\widetilde{\varphi}=g$.
The proofs $(b)$ and $(c)$ are obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(X,\mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable space, such that $P_f(X)\subseteq \mathfrak{m}$.
Then every $G_\delta$-subset of $X^*$ has nonempty interior in $X^*$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Choose $p\in\bigcap_{n\in \mathbb{N}}(U_n\cap X^*)$, where $U_n$ is an open subset of
$\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Choose a subset $A_n$ of $X$ such that
$p\in A^*_n\subseteq U_n$ and $A_{n+1}\subseteq A_n$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Now choose an infinite sequence
$\{a_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ of distinct points of $X$ such that $a_n\in A_n$. Let $A=\{a_n:n\in \mathbb{N}\}$.
It is obvious that $A^*$ is an open subset of $X^*$ and
$A^*\subseteq U_n$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(X,\mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable space, such that $P_f(X)\subseteq \mathfrak{m}$.
Then every countable union of nowhere dense subsets of $X^*$ is nowhere dense in $X^*$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $A_n$ be a nowhere dense subset of $X^*$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. We show that
$B=\bigcup_{n\in \mathbb{N}}clA_n$ is nowhere dense. Suppose instead that $U=int_{X^*}clB\neq\emptyset$. By
the Baire Category Theorem $X^*\setminus B$ is dense in $X^*$ so $U\setminus B\neq\emptyset$. Thus $U\setminus B$ is a
nonempty $G_\delta$-set which thus by Theorem 3.2, has nonempty interior. This is a contradiction.
\end{proof}
\section{\textbf{ Measurable Semigroups}}
In this section we extend the operation of a measurable semigroup.
\begin{defn}
(a) A right measurable semigroup is a triple $(S,\cdot,\mathfrak{m})$ where $(S,\cdot)$ is a semigroup, $(S,\mathfrak{m})$ is a measurable space, and $\rho_x:S\rightarrow S$ is $(\mathfrak{m},\mathfrak{m})$-measurable function for each $x\in S$ where $\rho_x(y)=yx$ for each $y\in S$.
(b) A left measurable semigroup is a triple $(S,\cdot,\mathfrak{m})$ where $(S,\cdot)$ is a semigroup, $(S,\mathfrak{m})$ is a measurable space, and $\lambda_x:S\rightarrow S$ is $(\mathfrak{m},\mathfrak{m})$-measurable function for each $x\in S$ where $\lambda_x(y)=xy$ for each $y\in S$.
(c) A measurable semigroup is a triple $(S,\cdot,\mathfrak{m})$ where $(S,\cdot)$ is a semigroup, $(S,\mathfrak{m})$ is a measurable space, and $\pi:S\times S | -0.188456 | -1.207172 | 0.541862 | 1.846058 | [
-0.22214175575181294,
-0.15477084558793644
] | [
-1.2877507638105743,
-1.1265941914926998
] | [
0.4049053771548406,
0.6788194078963417
] | [
1.7524081803535039,
1.9397068396677115
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,784 | 7,168 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
\rightarrow S$ is $(\mathfrak{m}\otimes\mathfrak{m},\mathfrak{m})$-measurable function where $\pi(x,y)=xy$.
\end{defn}
In this section we assume that $P_f(S)\subseteq \mathfrak{m}$, so $\{s\}$ belongs to $\mathfrak{m}$ for each $s\in S$.
\begin{defn}
Let $(X, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable space.
The tensor product of two $\mathfrak{m}$-ultrafilters $p$ and $q$ in $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is denoted by $p\otimes q$ and is defined as following
\[
p\otimes q=\{A\in \mathfrak{m}\otimes \mathfrak{m}:\{s\in X:A_s\in q\}\in p\}
\]
\end{defn}
where $A_s=\{t\in S:(s,t)\in A\}$.
\begin{lem}
If $p,q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, then $p\otimes q\in (\mathfrak{m}\otimes\mathfrak{m})^\beta$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{lem}
The following statements hold:
$(a)$ $S\otimes S$ is dense in $(\mathfrak{m}\otimes\mathfrak{m})^\beta$.
$(b)$ $\lim_{s\rightarrow p}\lim_{t\rightarrow q}s\otimes t=p\otimes q$ for every $p,q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{lem}
The mapping $R_q:S\rightarrow(\mathfrak{m}\otimes\mathfrak{m})^\beta$ by $R_q(s)=s\otimes q$ is a
$(\mathfrak{m},\mathfrak{m}\otimes \mathfrak{m})$-measurable function where $q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Since $\mathfrak{m}\times \mathfrak{m}$ generates $\mathfrak{m}\otimes \mathfrak{m}$, then
\begin{align*}
R_q^{-1}(A\times B) &= \{s\in S:s\otimes q\in\widehat{A\times B}\} \\
&= \{s\in S:A\times B\in s\otimes q\}\\
&=\{s\in S:\{u:\{t:(u,t)\in A\times B\}\in q\}\in s\}\\
&= \{s\in S:\{t:(s,t)\in A\times B\}\in q\}\\
&= \{s\in S:s\in A, B\in q\}=A\in\mathfrak{m}\\
\end{align*}
where $A,B\in \mathfrak{m}$.
\end{proof}
\begin{lem}
Let $s\in S$ and $q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$. Then $\pi^\beta\circ R_q(s)=\pi^\beta(s\otimes q)=s\ast q$
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup. Then there is a unique binary
operation $\ast:\mathfrak{m}^\beta\times\mathfrak{m}^\beta\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ satisfying the following three
conditions:
$(a)$ For every $s,t\in S$, $s\ast t=s\cdot t$.
$(b)$ For each $q\in\mathfrak{m}^\beta$, the function $\rho_q:\mathfrak{m}^\beta\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is continuous,
where $\rho_q(p)=p\ast q$.
$(c)$ For each $s\in S$, the function $\lambda_s:\mathfrak{m}^\beta\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is continuous,
where $\lambda_s(q)=s\ast q$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Given any $s\in S$, define
$l_s:S\rightarrow S$ by $l_s(t)=st$, then $l_s$ is a measurable function. So there is a unique continuous function $\lambda_ | -0.456014 | -1.169569 | 0.316137 | 2.121803 | [
-0.6570137044589194,
-0.2550139660477832
] | [
-1.25193819218438,
-1.087200362703886
] | [
0.13606382846410806,
0.4962100540686743
] | [
2.043761650397827,
2.199843866493
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,784 | 8,192 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
s:\mathfrak{m}^\beta\rightarrow \mathfrak{m}^\beta$ such that $\lambda_s(e(t))=l_s(t)$ for each $t\in S$. If $s \in S$ and $q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, we define
$s\ast q=\lambda_s(q)$. Then $(c)$ holds and so does $(a)$, because $\lambda_s$ extends $l_s$.
Now we extend $\ast$ to the rest of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta\times\mathfrak{m}^\beta$. Given $q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, define
$r_q=\pi^\beta\circ R_q:S\rightarrow\mathfrak{m}^\beta$. The mapping $r_q$ is measurable, so there is a unique continuous extension $\rho_q:\mathfrak{m}^\beta\rightarrow \mathfrak{m}^\beta$. If $p,q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, we define
$p\ast q=\rho_q(p)$. This is the only possible definition
which satisfies the required conditions.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup. Then the extended operation on $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is associative.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup. Then $(\mathfrak{m}^\beta,\ast)$ is a compact right semigroup.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
The proof is obvious.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup and $A\in\mathfrak{m}$.
$(a)$ For any $s\in S$ and $q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, $A\in s\cdot q$ if and only if $s^{-1}A\in q$.
$(b)$ For any $p,q\in\mathfrak{m}^\beta$, $A\in p\cdot q$ if and only if $\{s\in S:s^{-1}A\in q\}\in p$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
$(a)$ Necessity. Let $A\in s\cdot q$. Then $A\in\lambda_s(q)$ and hence by Lemma \ref{L3}, $s^{-1}A=\lambda_s^{-1}(A)\in q$.
Sufficiency. Assume $s^{-1}A\in q$ and suppose that $A\notin s\cdot q$. Then $S\setminus A\in s\cdot q $.
So, by the already established necessity, $s^{-1}(S\setminus A)\in q$. This is a contradiction since
$s^{-1}A\cap s^{-1}(S\setminus A)=\emptyset$.
$(b)$ Necessity. Let $A\in p\cdot q$. Then by Lemma \ref{L3},
\[
\{s\in S:\rho_q(s)\in \widehat{A}\}=\rho_q^{-1}(A)\in p.
\]
So $\{s\in S:A\in s\cdot q\}\in p$. Hence $\{s\in S:s^{-1}A\in q\}\in p$.
Sufficiency. Let $\{s\in S:s^{-1}A\in q\}\in p$. Since
\begin{align*}
\{s\in S:s^{-1}A\in q\} &=\{s\in S:A\in s\cdot q\} \\
&= \{s\in S:A\in \rho_q(s)\}\\
&=\{s\in S:s\in \rho_q^{-1}(A)\}\\
\end{align*}
$\rho_q^{-1}(A)\in p$. So $A\in p\cdot q$.
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup, then $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ is called measurable semigroup compactification of
$(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$.
\end{defn}
Now we state some algebraic properties of semigroup extension of measurable semigroup $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$.
\begin{theorem} | -0.602227 | -1.459651 | 0.270485 | 1.653556 | [
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] | 1,328,784 | 9,216 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
Let $(S,\cdot,\mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup, then $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ has an idempotent.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
See Theorem 2.5 in \cite{hindbook}.
\end{proof}
\begin{exam}
a) Let $\mathcal{L}$ denote the collection of all Lebesgue measurable subsets od real numbers. Then
$(\mathcal{L}^\beta,+)$ and $(\mathcal{L}^\beta,\cdot)$ are measurable semigroup compactification of $(\mathbb{R},\mathcal{L})$.
b)Every vector space has a Hamel basis, i.e. a maximal linearly independent subset. Since Real numbers as a vector space on rational numbers has infinite dimension, therefore there exists an uncountable maximal linearly independent $I\subseteq [0,1]$. Now choice a countable subset $A\subseteq I$. Then the generated vector space by $I\setminus A$ is not closed. Define $i(x)=x$ when $x\in A$ and $i(x)=0$ for $x\in I\setminus A$. We denote $i$ as to extension $i$ to $\mathbb{R}$ as a linear transformation. It is obvious that $i$ is Borel measurable but it is not continuous.
Now define $*_i:\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ by $*_i(x,y)=i(x+y)$ for each $x,y\in \mathbb{R}$.
Then $(\mathbb{R},*_i)$ is measurable semigroup, but it is not semitopological semigroup.
\end{exam}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup. Then $S^*=\mathfrak{m}^\beta\setminus S$ is a
subsemigroup of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ if and only
if for any $A\in P_f(S)$ and for any infinite subset $B$ of $\mathfrak{m}$ there exists $F\in P_f(B)$ such
that $\bigcap_{x\in F}x^{-1}A$ is finite.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Necessity. Let $A\in P_f(S)$ and an infinite subset $B\in \mathfrak{m}$ be
given. Suppose that for each $F\in P_f(B)$, $\bigcap_{x\in F}x^{-1}A$ is infinite. Then $\{x^{-1}A:x\in B\}$
has the property that all of its finite intersections are infinite so by Corollary \ref{C1}
we may pick $p\in S^*$ such that $\{x^{-1}A:x\in B\}\subseteq p$. Pick $q\in S^*$ such that $B\in q$.
Then $A\in q\cdot p$ and $A$ is finite so $q\cdot p\in S$, a contradiction.
Sufficiency. Let $p,q\in S^*$ be given and suppose that $q\cdot p=y\in S$, (that is,
precisely, that $q\cdot p$ is the $\mathfrak{m}$-principal ultrafilter generated by y). Let $A=\{y\}$ and let
$B=\{x\in S:x^{-1}A\in p\}$. Then $B\in p$ while for each $F\in P_f(B)$, one has
$\bigcap_{x\in F}x^{-1}A\in p$ so that $\bigcap_{x\in F}x^{-1}A$ is infinite, a contradiction.
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
Let $S$ be a measurable semigroup. We say that
S is weakly left cancellative if and only if $\lambda_s^{-1}(\{y\})$ is finite for every $x,y \in S$.
\end{defn}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup. Then $S^*$ is a left ideal of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$ if and
only if $S$ is weakly left cancellative.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Necessity. Let $x,y\in S$ be given, let $A=\lambda_s | -0.302953 | -1.099735 | 0.448021 | 1.835652 | [
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] | 1,328,784 | 10,240 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
^{-1}(\{y\})$ and suppose that $A$ is
infinite. Pick $p\in S^*\cap \widehat{A}$. Then $y\cdot p=x$, a contradiction.
Sufficiency. Since $S$ is infinite, $S^*\neq\emptyset$. Let $p\in S^*$, let $q\in \mathfrak{m}^\beta$ and suppose
that $q\cdot p= x\in S$. Then $\{x\}\in q\cdot p$ so $\{y\in S:y^{-1}\{x\}\in p\}\in q$ and is
hence nonempty. So pick $y\in S$ such that $y^{-1}\{x\}\in p$. But $y^{-1}\{x\}=\lambda_y^{-1}(\{x\})$ so
$\lambda_y^{-1}(\{x\})$ is infinite, a contradiction.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \cdot, \mathfrak{m})$ be a measurable semigroup. The following statements are equivalent:
$(a)$ $S^*$ is a right ideal of $\mathfrak{m}^\beta$.
$(b)$ Given any finite subset $A\in\mathfrak{m}$, any sequence $\langle z_n\rangle_{n=1}^{\infty}$ in $S$, and any one-to-one
sequence $\langle x_n\rangle_{n=1}^{\infty}$ in $S$, there exist $n< m$ in $\mathbb{N}$ such that $x_n\cdot z_m\notin A$.
$(c)$ Given any $a\in S$, any sequence $\langle z_n\rangle_{n=1}^{\infty}$ in $S$, and any one-to-one sequence
$\langle x_n\rangle_{n=1}^{\infty}$ in $S$, there exist $n< m$ in $\mathbb{N}$ such that $x_n\cdot z_m \neq a$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
See Theorem 4.32 in \cite{hindbook}.
\end{proof}
\section{\textbf{Applications}}
Recall a $\sigma$-algebra on a topological space $X$ is the Borel $\sigma$-algebra
generated by all open sets; it is denoted by $\mathcal{B}(X)$. A set in $\mathcal{B}(X)$ is called the Borel set in the space X.
A $\sigma$-algebra on a topological space X is generated by all sets of the form
\[
\{x\in X:f(x)>0\}
\]
where $f$ is a real valued continuous function on X, is called Baire
$\sigma$-algebra and denoted by $Ba(X)$. So $A\in Ba(X)$ is called a Baire set. By Corollary 5.3.5 in \cite{Bogachev},
when $X$ is a metric space then
$A\subseteq X$ is Borel set if and only if $A$ is a Baire set.
Let $\mathcal{L}$ denote the collection of all Lebesgue measurable sets on $S=(0,+\infty)$, and let $\lambda$ be the Lebesgue measure on real numbers.
It is obvious that $\mathcal{B}(S)\subseteq \mathcal{L}$. For each $p,q\in\mathcal{L}^\beta$, $p+q$ and $p\cdot q$ are well define, see Theorem 4.10. So $\mathcal{L}^\beta$ is a multiplicative and additive semigroup.
Now define
\[
\mathcal{L}_\circ=\{A\in \mathcal{B}:\lambda(A)=0\}
\]
and for $k\in (0,1]$ define
\[
\mathcal{L}_k=\{A\in \mathcal{B}:\lambda(A)>k\}.
\]
We define $\mathcal{L}_+=\bigcup_{k>\circ}\mathcal{L}_k$. It is obvious that $\mathcal{L}_0$, $\mathcal{L}_k$ and $\mathcal{L}_k$ are partition regular,
and also $\mathcal{L}_0$, $\mathcal{L}_k$ and $\mathcal{L}_+$ are invariant under translate, where $A+x$ is
the translate of $A$ by $x\in S$. Therefore the below collections
\[
\mathcal{L}_\circ^\beta=\{p\in \mathcal{L}^\beta:\exists A\in p\,\,\,\,\lambda(A)=0\},
| 0.09802 | -0.464062 | 0.787878 | 2.215452 | [
-0.056411028842962944,
0.25245078039625757
] | [
-0.940368819036489,
0.012245586220281325
] | [
0.5012825361194428,
1.0744730078562876
] | [
2.022950688251804,
2.4079534879532307
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,328,784 | 11,264 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
\]
\[
\mathcal{L}_k^\beta=\{p\in \mathcal{L}^\beta:\forall A\in p\,\,\,\,\lambda(A)>k\}
\]
and
\[
\mathcal{L}_+^\beta=\{p\in \mathcal{L}^\beta:\forall A\in p\,\,\,\,\lambda(A)>0\}
\]
are non-empty sets, by Theorem 2.9.
Let $\mathfrak{m}$ be a $\sigma$-algebra on $X$ and let $A\in\mathfrak{m}$, then $\mathfrak{m}_A=\{T\cap A:T\in \mathfrak{m}\}$
is a $\sigma$-algebra and we can write $\mathfrak{m}_A^\beta\subseteq \mathfrak{m}^\beta$, because
for each $p_A\in\mathfrak{m}_A^\beta$ there exists a unique $p\in \mathfrak{m}$ such that $p_A\subseteq p$.
\begin{lem}
a) $\mathcal{L}_k^\beta$ and $\mathcal{L}_+^\beta$ are left ideals of $(\mathcal{L}^\beta,+)$. Also $\mathcal{L}_+^\beta$ is left ideal of $(\mathcal{L}^\beta,\cdot)$. \\
b) $\mathcal{L}_\circ^\beta$ is a multiplicative and additive subsemigroup of $\mathcal{L}^\beta$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
a) Pick $p\in\mathcal{L}_k^\beta$ and $q\in\mathcal{L}^\beta$. Let $A\in q+p$, so
\[
\{x\in S:-x+A\in p\}\in q.
\]
Since $p\in\mathcal{L}_k^\beta$ so $\lambda(A)=\lambda(-x+A)>k$. This implies $q+p\in\mathcal{L}_k^\beta$.
By similar way, $\mathcal{L}_+^\beta$ is left ideal of $(\mathcal{L}^\beta,+)$.
b) Pick $p,q\in \mathcal{L}_\circ^\beta$, so there exist $A_p\in p$ and $A_q\in q$
such that $A_p\cap A_q=\emptyset$ and $\lambda(A_p)=\lambda(A_q)=0$. Now Let $A=A_p\cup A_q$, and define
$p_\circ=\{T\cap A:T\in p\}$ and $q_\circ=\{T\cap A:T\in q\}$. It is obvious that $p_\circ$ and $q_\circ$
are $\mathcal{L}$-ultrafilters on $A$, $p_\circ\subseteq p$ and $q_\circ\subseteq q$. It is obvious that
$p_\circ+q_\circ\subseteq p+q$. By similar way, we can show that $\mathcal{L}_\circ^\beta$ is a multiplicative subsemigroup.
\end{proof}
For $x\in S$, we define
$$x^*= \{p\in \mathcal{L}^\beta:x\in \bigcap_{A\in p}cl_{S}A\}.$$
It is obvious that $x^*=\{p\in \mathcal{L}^\beta:\forall y>0,\,\,\,(x-y,x+y)\in p\}$, and $\widehat{x}\in x^*$. We say $p\in x^*$ is
a near point to $x$. We define $B(S)= \cup_{x\in S}x^*$ and $\infty^*=\mathcal{L}^\beta-B(S)$. An element $p\in B(S)$ is called a bounded ultrafilter and $p\in \infty^*$ is called an unbounded ultrafilter. It is obvious that
\[
\infty^*=\{p\in \mathcal{L}^\beta:\forall x>0,\,\,\,(x,+\infty)\in p\}.
\]
\begin{lem}
For each $x,y\in S$, then\\
a) $x^*$ is a non empty and compact subset of $\mathcal{L}^\beta$,\\
b) $x^*+y^*\subseteq (x+y)^*$, and \\
c) $x^*y^*\subseteq (xy)^*$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
See Lemma 2.3(i) in \cite{va}.
\end{proof}
By above Lemma, it is obvious that $0^* | -0.515937 | -1.126594 | 0.202006 | 1.965721 | [
-0.38855732037516233,
-0.6433169501689318
] | [
-0.9726001335000639,
-1.2805882494853356
] | [
0.3288181463933125,
0.0751940438548856
] | [
2.158221942200954,
1.773219142499527
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
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$ is a compact multiplicative and additive subsemigroup of $\mathcal{L}^\beta$.
\begin{lem}
$\infty^*$ is a multiplicative and additive subsemigroup of $\mathcal{L}^\beta$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Let $p,q\in \infty^*$ and let $pq\in x^*$ for some $x\in S$. Therefore $(a,b)\in pq$ for some $a,b\in S$, and so for some $t\in S$, $t^{-1}(a,b)\in q$ is a contradiction. So $\infty^*$ is a multiplicative subsemigroup. By similar way, $\infty^*$ is an additive semigroup.
\end{proof}
We say that $A\subseteq S$ is meager if and only if $A$ is the countable union of
nowhere dense sets. Now we state a relation between Baire and meager sets.
\begin{defn}
a) A Lebesgue measurable set $A\subseteq S$ is called Baire large at $\infty$ if and only if
for each $x>0$, $A\cap (x,+\infty)$ is not meager.
The collection of all Baire large sets at $\infty$ is denoted by $BL(\infty)$.
b) A Lebesgue measurable set $A\subseteq S$ is called Baire large at $0$ if and only if for each $x>0$, $A\cap (0,x)$ is not meager. The collection of
all Baire large sets at $0$ is denoted by $BL(0)$.
\end{defn}
\begin{lem}
a) $BL(\infty)$ and $BL(0)$ are partition regular.\\
b) $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{L}(0)=\{p\in\mathcal{L}^\beta: \forall A\in p, A\in BL(0)\}$ is left ideal in $(0^*,\cdot)$.\\
c) $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{L}(\infty)=\{p\in\mathcal{L}^\beta: \forall A\in p, A\in BL(\infty)\}$ is left ideal in $(\infty^*,\cdot)$.\\
d) $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{L}(\infty)$ is left ideal in $(\infty^*,+)$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
a) It is obvious.\\
b) By a) and Theorem 2.9 implies $BL(0)$ is non empty. Now similar Lemma 17.39 in \cite{hindbook}, let $p\in BL(0)$, $q\in 0^*$ and let
$A\in qp$. Pick $x\in (0,1)$ such that $x^{-1}A\in p$. Let $x^{-1}A\cap (0,\epsilon)$ is not meager for some $\epsilon>0$, so
$x(x^{-1}A\cap (0,\epsilon))$ is not meager and $x(x^{-1}A\cap (0,\epsilon))\subseteq A\cap (0,\epsilon)$ .
c) and d). The proof is similar to b).
\end{proof}
\begin{defn}
a) $A\subseteq (0,+\infty)$ is called syndetic if and only if there exists some $G\in P_f(0,+\infty)$ such that
\[
(0,+\infty)=\bigcup_{t\in G}-t+A.
\]
b) $A\subseteq (0,+\infty)$ is called thick if and only if for each $F\in P_f((0,+\infty))$ there
exists $x\in A$ such that $x+F\subseteq A$.
c) $A\subseteq (0,+\infty)$ is called piecewise syndetic if and only if $\bigcup_{t\in G}-t+A$ is thick for some $G\in P_f(0,+\infty)$.
\end{defn}
\begin{theorem}
a) Let $p\in\mathcal{L}^\beta$. Then $p\in K(\mathcal{L}^\beta,+)$ if and only if $\{x>0:-x+A\in p\}$ is syndetic for each $A\in p$.
b) Let $A\subseteq (0,+\infty)$. Then $K(\mathcal{L}^\beta,+)\cap \overline{A}\neq\emptyset$ | -0.510886 | -1.003041 | 0.344036 | 1.846058 | [
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] | 1,328,784 | 13,312 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
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] | 1,328,786 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 0 | 3 |
Q: Apache Spark with custom InputFormat for HadoopRDD I am currently working on Apache Spark. I have implemented a Custom InputFormat for Apache Hadoop that reads key-value records through TCP Sockets. I wanted to port this code to Apache Spark and use it with the hadoopRDD() function. My Apache Spark code is as follows:
public final class SparkParallelDataLoad {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int iterations = 100;
String dbNodesLocations = "";
if(args.length < 3) {
System.err.printf("Usage ParallelLoad <coordinator-IP> <coordinator-port> <numberOfSplits>\n");
System.exit(1);
}
JobConf jobConf = new JobConf();
jobConf.set(CustomConf.confCoordinatorIP, args[0]);
jobConf.set(CustomConf.confCoordinatorPort, args[1]);
jobConf.set(CustomConf.confDBNodesLocations, dbNodesLocations);
int numOfSplits = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
CustomInputFormat.setCoordinatorIp(args[0]);
CustomInputFormat.setCoordinatorPort(Integer.parseInt(args[1]));
SparkConf sparkConf = new SparkConf().setAppName("SparkParallelDataLoad");
JavaSparkContext sc = new JavaSparkContext(sparkConf);
JavaPairRDD<LongWritable, Text> records = sc.hadoopRDD(jobConf,
CustomInputFormat.class, LongWritable.class, Text.class,
numOfSplits);
JavaRDD<LabeledPoint> points = records.map(new Function<Tuple2<LongWritable, Text>, LabeledPoint>() {
private final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Function.class);
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1771348263117622186L;
private final Pattern SPACE = Pattern.compile(" ");
@Override
public LabeledPoint call(Tuple2<LongWritable, Text> tuple)
throws Exception {
if(tuple == null || tuple._1() == null || tuple._2() == null)
return null;
double y = Double.parseDouble(Long.toString(tuple._1.get()));
String[] tok = SPACE.split(tuple._2.toString());
double[] x = new double[tok.length];
for (int i = 0; i < tok.length; ++i) {
if(tok[i].isEmpty() == false)
x[i] = Double.parseDouble(tok[i]);
}
return new LabeledPoint(y, Vectors.dense(x));
}
});
System.out.println("Number of records: " + points.count());
LinearRegressionModel model = LinearRegressionWithSGD.train(points.rdd(), iterations);
System.out.println("Model weights: " + model.weights());
sc.stop();
}
}
In my project I also have to decide which Spark Worker is going to connect to which Data Source (something like a "matchmake" process with a 1:1 relation). Therefore, I create a number of InputSplits equal to the number of data sources so that my data are sent in parallel to the SparkContext. My questions are the following:
*
*Does the result of method InpuSplit.getLength() affect how many records a RecordReader returns? In detail, I have seen in my test runs that a Job ends after returning only one record, only because I have a value of 0 returned from the CustomInputSplit.getLength() function.
*In the Apache Spark context, is the number of workers equal to the number of the InputSplits produced from my InputFormat at least for the execution of the records.map() function call?
The answer to question 2 above is really important for my project.
Thank you,
Nick
A: Yes. Spark's sc.hadoopRDD will create an RDD with as many partitions as reported by InputFormat.getSplits.
The last argument to hadoopRDD called | -0.906295 | -0.397137 | 0.458166 | 0.865341 | [
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-0.9610816496966442
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-0.32842150137389264,
-0.4658522449894135
] | [
0.39983289510407205,
0.5164999822717484
] | [
1.0136190241696847,
0.7170628135888559
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This Is What They Do (Part One)
by Daren Jonescu · June 22, 2020
Over the past week, there have been a few interesting developments in the People's Republic of America.
California has begun the process of renaming public schools named after Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, arguably the two most revered and celebrated founding fathers, because it has been determined, upon reassessment, that the author of the Declaration of Independence and the man who led the War of Independence and then became the first president are divisive figures who symbolize slavery and lynching. In other words, it has been decided that America itself, as previously understood, is essentially systemic racism and injustice at its very roots.
Columbus, Ohio has removed the City Hall statue of Christopher Columbus himself, deeming him an icon of white privilege and therefore offensive to modern sensitivities. As a friend of mine asks, reasonably, can a name change for the city itself — and therefore, by extension, for every city named after a famous "white" statesman or explorer — be far behind?
New York's American Museum of Natural History, in conjunction with Mayor Bill de Blasio, has announced that it is tearing down a statue of Theodore Roosevelt, due to its imagery being uncomfortably suggestive of "colonialism and racism." (Mount Rushmore, anyone?)
It is happening in America today, exactly as it always does during communist takeovers anywhere. And yes, we are talking about communism; to mince words at this stage, in the name of not wanting to overstate things, would indicate a willful blindness of, shall we say, "monumental" proportions. Today's neo-Marxist "revolutionaries," totalitarian in their sensibilities, their demands, and their infantilism, tend to prefer other names for their movement — partly to obscure their humiliating deference to past failure — but it is at its core the same old communist takeover mantra, with "Black Lives Matter" and "social justice" as thinly updated propaganda masks for "property is theft" and "to each according to his need."
This current wave of overt violence against all American institutions, traditions, symbols, and erstwhile aspirations, will likely be tempered at some point — when the point has been made. The prairie fire will reduce itself to a lingering smell of charred land and occasional minor flashpoints, perhaps. A sense of superficial normalcy will return. But it will be normalcy defined at several removes from what normal looked like before America entered the lockdown phase that set the stage for this final overthrow. (Thank you, Dr. Fauci. Is there a bureaucratic minion whose name will survive in greater infamy than that of Anthony Fauci, whose self-righteous paternalism and snobbish stupidity, his sheer and self-evident wrongness, helped to lay the groundwork for the "social unrest" currently bursting out of its stay-at-home order, as slavish weaklings try to salvage some semblance of their former pride by lashing out, from within the protective safety of the stage-managed crowd, at everything they have been taught — by the government — to identify with "the system"?)
Getting used to this "new normal" — that overused banality suddenly come to life — will mean, for Americans, getting used to living in a nation in which the American founding is presumed to be fundamentally shameful, not by radical academics, but by ordinary people one meets every day. For Americans, as for the whole world, it will mean accepting that there are expressions and manners of thinking, commonplace yesterday, that will invite nasty looks and rejection from polite society tomorrow — and that daring to notice that sudden change, let alone to object to it, will be to invite public shunning, condemnation, and even criminalization.
For the coming return to normalcy will not indicate a dissipation or rejection of the takeover, but rather its success. Normalcy is the goal — with normal redefined according to the newest vanguard of progressive right-thinking.
Tags: CommunismFounding Fatherslockdownnormalracism
When Obama is your moderate voice…
by Daren Jonescu · Published November 3, 2019
American Progress, aka Walking the Plank More Quickly
Making the Cosmos More Inclusive
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Back to Profile Gallery > Slim Chickens
Slim Chickens
Something to crow about
With chicken that is cooked-to-order from hand crafted recipes, Slim Chickens' fast-casual dining experience has truly taken off in the United States and could be set to do the same imminently in the UK
With its rich history and deep cultural roots, it is hard to believe that the Arkansas Delta is one of the more commonly overlooked regions within the southern US state. Stretching from north to south to the borders of Missouri and Louisiana, the region has in fact been a farming and agricultural giant for some 200 years, while today's inhabitants revere the Delta as being a place where the food is honest, meals are social and the door is always open.
One company that was formed with a mission to bring a dose of this 'southern hospitality' to a fast, casual setting was Slim Chickens. Starting from their garage, where many great start ups begin as they proclaim, founders Tom Gordon and Greg Smart embarked on a journey to bring quality fresh chicken that was cooked-to-order to customers in the local area. The result was the opening of the first Slim Chickens restaurant in Fayetteville in 2003. Two years later the second store followed, with the third coming five years after the Fayetteville opening. Now, in 2018, the chain stands at 73 units and counting.
"Every product we sell is hand crafted and cooked to a recipe that was created specifically by us, either in those early days in our garage or currently in our product development kitchen," Tom begins. "Each item on our menu is a unique creation, from our Buffalo wing flavours, hand-breaded chicken tenders, sandwiches, salads, and wraps, or our 17 different dipping sauces. Beyond the great products that we make, we also take immense pride in how our restaurants look, the branding elements, and of course the superior service that our teams deliver, which is both fun and inclusive. That is what we live for, for our guests to embrace and enjoy every aspect of the brand."
First UK site
Having experienced fantastic success in the United States, Tom and Greg are now looking to increase awareness of the Slim Chickens name in the UK, where it currently has a restaurant in London on the busy James Street. In 2017, it struck an important franchise partnership with Boparan Restaurant Group, owners of the Giraffe and Ed's Easy Diner chains. Boparan Restaurant Group is the developer and proprietor of all Slim Chickens restaurants in the UK.
"The location of our first UK site on James Street is fantastic and is blessed with excellent foot fall and motor traffic," Tom explains, before going into greater detail as to why the UK is the ideal next step for the business. "The 'fast casual' market is in its infancy in the UK, and brands that serve quality products in a more casual atmosphere are continuing to be well received. Our products, the variety of our menu, and our flavour profiles are entirely new to this market and we are excited to work with Boparan Restaurant Group to bring them to these shores.
"Our menu is so defined that we've seen fast acceptance in the UK. There just isn't anything like our chicken tenders, wraps, sandwiches, salads and jar desserts on the market today, and response to date from our customers has been fantastic. We made some necessary modifications when we first entered the UK, and we will continue to monitor the feedback we receive, but we have hit on a good product mix that our guests really seem to enjoy. For that reason, Boparan intends to work towards the opening of one-to-two further restaurants in the London metro area by the end of 2018, as we look forward to establishing a big footprint in the capital and beyond."
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With no signs of growth slowing down across its operations, the company's long-term goal is open up a further 600 stateside restaurants in the coming years, a task that, on the face of things, seems immense, but that Tom and Greg are confident of achieving. "Opening every individual restaurant is, ultimately, a significant task in itself," Tom says. "We have found, however, that through our dedicated network of franchisees and corporate operators, we have been able to open stores, while | 0.8058 | 0.321129 | -0.093466 | -0.825712 | [
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07/06/2011 12:58 pm ET Updated Feb 26, 2013
Google Exec Marissa Mayer Explains Why There Aren't More Girl Geeks
By Bianca Bosker
In 1999, Marissa Mayer, then a recent Stanford University graduate, joined a little-known startup with fewer than 20 employees that she calculated as having a two percent chance of success: Google.
Now, as a senior executive with the search giant, Mayer is one of the most powerful women in Silicon Valley. Her work at Google influences how hundreds of millions of people access information on the web and she plays a key role in shaping Google's most important products, from the look and feel of its homepage to popular features like Google News and Gmail, as well as its more recent forays into location-based services.
One of the most iconic women in tech today, Mayer's career path offers lessons for how to attract more women to a male-dominated field and undermines the assumption that to foster more female techies, it's early or never. Mayer, who calls herself a "proud geek," did not grow up obsessed with computers -- she bought her first one in college -- or with dreams of becoming the next Bill Gates. She wanted to be a pediatric neurosurgeon.
Mayer credits Stanford's "exorbitant" tuition fees with turning her on to tech. Frustrated with how much more she was paying to take the same courses and memorize the same chemistry facts as her peers attending less expensive colleges in her home state, Wisconsin, Mayer switched to a major that would let her take advantage of courses and faculty only offered at Stanford: symbolic systems, a blend of psychology, linguistics, philosophy and computer science.
Even after the switch, working at Google was not an obvious pick for Mayer. "I like to overwhelm myself with choice," she said. She received 14 job offers, and in an effort to choose between them, she created a matrix ranking how each position compared across a slew of characteristics, including location, salary, lifestyle index, career trajectory and predicted happiness on a scale of one to ten.
The Google Mayer was considering joining after graduation was a far cry from the powerhouse it is today. The company had just grown out of its office in a Menlo Park garage and was up against over a dozen more established search engines, such as AltaVista and Yahoo, that themselves had trouble eking meaningful revenues out of online queries. Then there were the workplace demographics to consider: there was not a single other female engineer -- Mayer would become Google's first -- and she would be one of fewer than two dozen employees.
The other position Mayer was most seriously weighing was with McKinsey & Company, a prestigious consulting firm with a distinguished lineage and dozens of alumni who went on to become the CEOs of Fortune 500 firms. It had smart people, more women and a strong track record.
Unable to decide, Mayer recruited an economist she knew to help analyze her options. The night before she ultimately accepted Google's offer, Mayer spent more than four hours with her friend graphing and charting the pros and cons of the jobs. Frustrated, she eventually collapsed in tears. Her friend then gave her what she says is still the best advice she has ever received -- advice that ultimately convinced her to pick the burgeoning search engine company over McKinsey.
"You're approaching this all wrong," she remembers him telling her. "You're approaching this as though there's one right answer and that's just not what I'm seeing here. I'm seeing a bunch of really good choices and then there's the one that you pick and that you commit to and that you make great. Go and sleep on it, and then just pick and commit to that."
Mayer said that when she woke up the next morning, she had made a decision. "I wanted to work at Google because the smartest people were there," she said. "And I wanted to work at Google because I felt utterly unprepared to work at a search engine."
The odds for success Mayer gave Google were 100 times better than what she calculated for the other startups she was considering. But Mayer admits that she could hardly have predicted that the company, which today has over 1 billion users and a dominance that has attracted antitrust scrutiny from | 1.329016 | 0.968441 | 1.358532 | 0.043308 | [
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regulators, would have grown so far beyond search.
"I thought if we were successful, we'd be successful as a search engine," said Mayer. "I had no idea we would come to mean so many different things to so many different people and that we would be doing such interesting work along so many lines of technology."
She advises people pursuing careers in the high-tech industry, whether at startups or Fortune 500 firms, to consider four things when choosing between jobs: "Work with the smartest people you can find, do something you're not ready to do, find an environment in which you're very comfortable so you can find your voice, and work for someone who believes in you -- because when they believe in you, they'll invest in you."
SOUND BYTES: Marissa Mayer on...
Her indispensable gadget: Her phone
Her favorite app: Google Maps and Bejeweled Blitz
Her favorite account to follow on Twitter: @TechCrunch
Her "required reading" recommendation: Donald Norman's "The Design of Everyday Things"
In her latest role as Google's vice president of location and local services, Mayer has been pursuing what she describes as the next big idea in tech: developing new cellphone-based programs that deliver customized ads, directions, recommendations, and other information based on users' locations. Yet even as Mayer and her employer deliver an increasing number of services designed to keep us glued to our phones, tablets, browsers and keyboards, Mayer acknowledges that these services and our gadgets may be negatively affecting how we engage with complex topics that require focused attention.
"All of this technology has allowed us to multitask to an incredibly deep degree. Normally that's a good thing, but I do worry about what it means in terms of people's ability to go really deep on a topic and understand it really thoroughly," Mayer said. "I think it's hard to deeply understand a concept when you have ten things going on and so many of those things operate in short blurts of information."
Mayer also has concerns about the relatively low number of women working in tech. She estimates that just 15 to 17 percent of Silicon Valley engineers are women, who make up less than 20 percent of all engineering and computer science majors in the US.
Mayer blames the dearth of female programmers and Internet entrepreneurs in part on tech's image problem. She argues that growing up, girls are offered a narrow stereotype of what it means to be a "geek" -- something akin to the bespectacled loner who spends hours typing away at a screen. Attracting more women to the Silicon Valleys, Alleys and Roundabouts of the world requires doing away with those stereotypes and showing young women that techies don't have to love video games. Mayer herself is no ordinary geek: she's a former ballet dancer with a penchant for cupcakes and the fashion designer Oscar de la Renta.
"The number one most important thing we can do to increase the number of women in tech is to show a multiplicity of different role models," Mayer said. "The stereotype of that very complete and rigid picture of what being a computer scientist means really hurts people's understanding and ability to identify with the role and say, 'Yes, this is something I can be in and want to be in.'"
Mayer is optimistic that sites like Facebook, Twitter and Google, as well as smartphones and the programs they run, will be a catalyst for changing the ratio in technical fields by clarifying the practical applications of computer science. Though she maintains that men and women in the industry face similar challenges, she allows that some women differ from men in that it's important to them to understand how their careers will influence people's daily lives.
"Women, to some extent more than men, really want to see the application of what they do in people's everyday lives," she explained. "For a lot of women, they didn't see how computer science touches people."
As women become more familiar with technology, Mayer predicts they will become more curious about it, which in turn will attract more of them to computer science and engineering.
"One reason I think this will improve in coming years is that girls are experiencing a lot of computer science and a lot of technology on an everyday basis," said Mayer. "When you use those things every day, you become curious in terms of how they were made. And that type of technology hasn't touched | 1.337234 | 0.853841 | 1.830273 | 0.277431 | [
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PHILOSOPHICAL EGGS
YOLKS OF WISDOM FROM DWIGHT GOODYEAR
My Music Page
33. Tragic Conflict and Intelligence, Part 5
Dwight Goodyear
Education, Goodness
conscientiousness, imagination, intelligence, John Dewey, logic of individualized situations, pragmatism, Sidney Hook, tragic conflict
In the last few posts I noted the following virtues that John Dewey thought accompany intelligent action:
Being conscientious or being interested in finding out what the actual good of a certain situation is
Maintaining a bias toward fairness and objectivity when judging and evaluating conflicting values and opinions
Seeking the good of a situation in a community of inquiry if possible
Being emotionally sensitive and especially sympathetic to the values and feelings of those in the situation
Carefully reflecting upon the relevant aspects of the situation
Exercising one's imagination to see new possibilities and have a sense of the situation as a whole
Being willing to change our beliefs in light of consequences and learn from the past
We have been looking at how we can use these virtues of intelligent action to intelligently deal with tragic conflict or an unavoidable conflict of momentous values and/or obligations in which some values and/or obligations are sacrificed causing suffering. In the last two posts I covered the first four virtues on the list; now I will cover the fifth and sixth. The next post will cover learning from the past.
Intelligent reflection demands that we reflect on the relevant aspects of the situation and avoid superimposing what worked in the past onto the present. Of course we can use various principles and rules as guides. But we must see them as hypotheses to be employed rather than rigid rules to be followed. Moreover, we shouldn't assume a fixed end of inquiry. Instead, we must have ends-in-view which are ideals of what we conceive the future to be. Such ideals play a role in orienting our inquiries and can alter as our inquiry brings new data to light. We must also be self-corrective regarding our principles, that is, we must be willing to revise or abandon a principle if the consequences to which it leads don't square with our predictions or intentions. Dewey calls this experimental form of situated reflection the logic individualized situations. Those who employ this logic in a tragic situation must find their way among the conflicting claims and try to give each one of them a voice. The hope is that as much as possible of each voice may be incorporated in some shared interest which is accepted because the alternatives are less satisfactory. In order to do this, they will try and investigate every relevant feature about it, the conditions under which it emerged, its proximate causes and consequences, the costs of gratifying it, and the available alternatives and their costs. Of course, such comprehensive inquiry can be difficult. Therefore in his essay "Ethics of Controversy" Sidney Hook outlines some helpful guidelines:
(1) Nothing and no one is immune from criticism.
(2) Everyone involved in a controversy has an intellectual responsibility to inform himself of the available facts.
(3) Criticism should be directed first to policies, and against persons only when they are responsible for policies, and against their motives or purposes only when there is some independent evidence of their character.
(4) Because certain words are legally permissible, they are not therefore morally permissible.
(5) Before impugning an opponent's motives, even when they legitimately may be impugned, answer his arguments.
(6) Do not treat an opponent of a policy as if he were therefore a personal enemy of the country or a concealed enemy of democracy.
(7) Since a good cause may be defended by bad arguments, after answering the bad arguments for another's position present positive evidence of your own.
(8) Do not hesitate to admit lack of knowledge or to suspend judgment if evidence is not decisive either way.
(9) Only in pure logic and mathematics, not in human affairs, can one demonstrate that something is strictly impossible. Because something is logically possible, it is not therefore probable. "It is impossible" is a preface to an irrelevant statement about human affairs. The question is always one of the balance of probabilities. And the evidence for probabilities must include more than abstract possibilities.
(10) The cardinal sin, when we are looking for truth of fact or wisdom of policy, is refusal to discuss, or action that blocks discussion (See Philosophy | 0.960573 | -0.102802 | 2.109259 | 0.969396 | [
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and Public Policy. Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980).
One cannot employ the logic of individualized situations if one doesn't have a strong imagination. First, without imagination we would not be able to consider possible alternatives of action and mentally trace their consequences. In fact, Dewey defines deliberation as "a dramatic rehearsal (in imagination) of various competing possible lines of action" (The Middle Works, Vol. 14, p. 132). Now if intelligence requires deliberation, and imagination is required for deliberation, then intelligence is not possible without imagination. Second, Dewey tells us that imaginative vision "elicits the possibilities that are interwoven within the texture of the actual" (The Later Works, Vol. 10, p. 348). But if the job of intelligent action is to "grasp and realize genuine opportunity, possibility," then imagination is indispensable to intelligent action (MW Vol. 14, p. 161). And third, without imagination our intellectual analysis would have no orientation. For imagination is "a way of seeing and feeling things as they compose an integral whole," and without a qualitative sense of the whole situation we would have no guide to our reflection (LW Vol. 10 p. 271). Of course, imagination can by no means dispense with reflection. For visions are not understood by vision. But imaginative vision is certainly indispensable to any comprehensive assessment of a situation.
This is certainly the case when it comes to a tragic situation. For imagination enables us to get a sense of the bigger picture which, when it comes to tragedy, is very often exactly what people lack. Of course, to see and feel a situation as a whole is necessary if one is to better anticipate certain consequences and causes within the situation. But more importantly, imagination can prevent us from performing in an irresponsible and even cruel manner. In his essay "Intelligence and Evil in Human History" Hook writes: "We are all crueler than we know, not because we are evil, but because our senses and imagination have such a limited range". He goes on: "I am speaking now of those great ranges of cruelty in modern history, involving the fate of millions, that flow from the limitations of human imagination and sensitivity, of the cruelty men do because it is easy to stand what is out of sight, and still easier to stand what is out of mind". The habit of imagining can help make us more aware of what goes on around us so we can become less inconsiderate and cruel. Without this awareness it is hard to see how we can engage in a comprehensive and conscientious investigation of a situation.
Go here for part six.
Michael Maier, Atalanta Fugiens (1618)
In alchemical lore, the philosophical egg represents a domain in which diverse materials undergo a fusion into something new, the philosopher's stone, which can help one become wise. Heraclitus said: "Lovers of wisdom should be enquirers into many things". My weekly blog, full of long and short posts, is committed to this diversity and offers a domain in which various ideas come together in illuminating and often puzzling ways: they are like philosophical eggs. Cracking them should bring you some surprises and, hopefully, some nourishing wisdom.
My name is Dwight Goodyear and I am a philosopher who loves to teach. I am associate professor of philosophy at SUNY Westchester Community College in New York. I teach a variety of courses every year including logic, ethics, ancient/medieval phil., modern phil., phil. of art, and phil. of love. I received the SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2008, the NISOD Excellence Award for Teaching in 2009, and the WCC Foundation Award for Scholarship in 2016. I received my Masters and Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research in NYC. My main areas of interest are aesthetics, American pragmatism, existentialism, and metaphysics. I am also a musician who composes, performs, and records experimental works for solo piano and piano with small ensemble. I seek to combine Western notions of song structure with Japanese and Chinese music and aesthetics. I have five recordings available on iTunes, Amazon, CD Baby, and youtube. My CDBaby website is accessible at the top of this page.
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] | 1,328,805 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 17 | 12 |
Business Combination Agreement - International Coal Group Inc. and Anker Coal Group Inc.
Coal Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY").
have accordingly entered into this Agreement.
have approved by written consent the transactions contemplated hereby.
will be merged with and into CoalQuest (the "COALQUEST ACQUISITION").
in the CoalQuest Agreement and this Agreement will be completed.
"transferors," described in Section 351(a) of the Code.
such, the "COMPANY SURVIVING ENTITY").
together with the Company Surviving Entity, the "SURVIVING ENTITIES").
character of Parent Merger Sub will vest in Parent without further act or deed.
place as the parties hereto may agree.
outstanding as of the Effective Time (the "COMPANY MERGER CONSIDERATION").
whole share of Holdco Common Stock.
of the Company Surviving Entity.
to receive one share of Holdco Common Stock (the "PARENT MERGER CONSIDERATION"
and proportionate adjustment will be made to the Parent Merger Consideration.
capital stock of the Parent Surviving Entity.
appropriate with respect to any holder whose Certificate is lost.
whose name the Certificate surrendered in exchange therefor is registered.
pursuant to applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar laws.
rights as are granted by the DGCL.
thereof will be entitled to only such rights as are granted by the DGCL.
applicable, as set forth in this Article I.
Number and the Base Merger Share Number (the "ADJUSTED CONTINGENT SHARES").
accordance with their relative interest therein.
EBITDA during calendar years 2005 and 2006.
is Anker Coal Group, Inc.
the Company Surviving Entity until amended in accordance with applicable law.
the Parent Surviving Entity until amended in accordance with applicable law.
be the officers of Holdco.
properties and assets and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
forth on Schedule 3.02 hereto.
shares of capital stock or any other equity security of such Subsidiary.
be expected to result in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
expected to result in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
could not reasonably be expected to result in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
reasonably be expected to result in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(vii) all other Contracts (other than any "employee benefit plan"
(viii) all Contracts that would constitute "material contracts"
applied to the Company and its Subsidiaries.
or licenses, except for any such default or violation that has been abated.
hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as "COMPANY EMPLOYEE PLAN"
preceding sentence other than the Company Employee Plans.
excise tax under ERISA or the Code being imposed on the Company.
ERISA and (ii) the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
than as disclosed in the Company Unaudited Financial Statements.
meaning of Section 501(c)(17) of the Code).
with respect to any insurer are imminent.
the books of the Company.
compensation due to any employee, officer or director of the Company.
any of the Company Employee Plans.
each of the Company Employee Plans without the consent of any other person.
beneficiaries of any such current or former Company Employee.
Plan currently in effect would be characterized as an "excess parachute payment"
Employee Plan, program, arrangement or understanding currently in effect.
in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
property is made available for use by any third party (other than an Affiliate).
with respect to the accuracy of any such study.
subject to coal leases to third parties.
of such Business with any Environmental Laws.
adversely effect the Company's or its Subsidiaries' Permits.
Taxes that are due and payable.
are issued and outstanding are set forth on Schedule 4.02 hereto.
issued and outstanding shares of each Merger Sub.
capital stock or any other equity security of such Subs | -1.539085 | -1.266263 | -1.565754 | 0.342465 | [
-1.3336333663843072,
-1.7445359950839352
] | [
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idiary.
of them in accordance with its terms.
be expected to result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
in a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
not reasonably be expected to result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
to result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
under S-K 601 if S-K 601 applied to Parent and its Subsidiaries.
licenses, except for any such default or violation that has been abated.
described in the preceding sentence other than the Parent Employee Plans.
excise tax under ERISA or the Code being imposed on Parent.
3(37) of ERISA or Section 414(f) of the Code or a "multiple employer plan"
within the meaning of Section 210(a) of ERISA or Section 413(c) of the Code.
has or could incur any liability under the Coal Act.
respect to any insurer are imminent.
amount of compensation due to any employee, officer or director of Parent.
Employee Plans, or to make any amendments to any of the Parent Employee Plans.
the Parent Employee Plans without the consent of any other person.
any such current or former Parent Employee.
any third party (other than an Affiliate).
accuracy of any such study.
coal leases to third parties.
non-compliance) of such Business with any Environmental Laws.
are stored or disposed of in accordance with applicable Environmental Laws).
amended, or any similar federal or state mine reclamation law.
Parent's or its Subsidiaries' Permits.
or another of its wholly owned Subsidiaries.
(r) agree or commit to do any of the foregoing.
of such first Party or its Subsidiaries.
"road show" or similar event undertaken by Holdco or such underwriters.
inconsistent with the transactions contemplated herein.
respect to the Contracts set forth on Schedules 3.03 and 4.03.
seeking timely to obtain any such actions, consents, approvals or waivers.
clearance required under the HSR Act for the transactions contemplated hereby.
ability to effectively control their respective business or operations.
faith to be factually accurate.
consents to its stockholders in order to obtain the Parent Stockholder Approval.
Stockholder Approval as soon as practicable.
of the premium paid by the Company for such coverage currently.
Holdco to consummate the IPO.
Agreements applicable to such stockholders.
contemplated hereby, the other parties will consider such request in good faith.
Employee Plan or Parent Employee Plan after the Closing Date.
limitations for such calendar year under the relevant Parent Employee Plans.
transactions contemplated hereby shall have expired or been terminated.
prohibits or makes illegal consummation of the Mergers.
(d) The Parent Stockholder Approval shall have been obtained.
Agreement any Company Material Adverse Change.
changed in a manner adverse to Parent.
of Parent to the foregoing effect.
Agreement any Parent Material Adverse Change.
a manner adverse to the Company.
of, all of the consents, waivers and approvals set forth on Schedule 3.03.
financial statements of the other party.
in part after the Effective Time.
Stock is offered to the public in the IPO.
offered to the public in the IPO.
issuable under options and other rights will be disregarded.
liabilities and benefits arising under federal or state Law.
to be closed in New York.
investigation, litigation, charge, complaint, claim or demand.
"CLOSING DATE" means the date on which the Effective Time occurs.
"COMPANY COMMON STOCK" means shares of common stock of the Company.
result of disability or otherwise.
disproportionately affect the Company Business).
such term is defined therein), and WLR Recovery Fund II, L.P.
"CONTRACTS" means any contract or agreement.
"DGCL" means the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
and all common law claims such as nuisance, negligence and trespass.
amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder | -1.528127 | -1.420257 | -1.702711 | 0.207194 | [
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Introduction to the ABCANZ page articles
On the Australian referendum of November 1999
"ABCANZ" stands for the English-speaking countries – America, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
This group is singled out because while there is only one inter- governmental organisation binding most of them together, there is also a large number of other formal relationships which bind some of them, as well as the vast number of informal links which come from common historical origins, common language and the ties of kith and kin.
Many of the formal links are in the military domain. Chief among these is the "Echelon" project, little known to the public, but of huge importance nonetheless."Echelon" is the joint intelligence system for all the ABCANZ countries and only for them. It stands outside NATO and the EU and depends not only on our common language but also on shared hot and cold war experiences and the practices which flow from them.
Including the British base in Cyprus, and the US bases on British territory in the Indian Ocean and on Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean, and listening posts in Canada, Austalia and New Zealand, as well of course in Britain and the US, "Echelon" is by far the most important inter-country miltary project in the world because it provides instantaneous intelligence from every part of the globe 24/7.
The Monarchy, which links four of the five countries (though under serious threat in Australia), is a very significant bond for may people in those countries, and may become a more important common symbol as life gets much tougher for the West in general with the rise of China and the other huge Asian countries, not to forget Brazil and Russia.
It is also worth noting in the context of the forthcoming competition for energy resources, that much of the world's uranium resources and the facilities which convert them into reactor fuel are in the hands of these four countries.
That the present British government should put its share of the most advanced nuclear fuel manufacturing plant in the world up for sale to raise around £3 billion to help reduce its annual deficit of £175 billion, is an act of the most mind-boggling insanity matched only by its 2006 sale of the leading nuclear power plant designer Westinghouse for a similar trivial sum in 2006. We will now have to pay for the expertise we used to own in the constructionof the desperately needed electricty power stations and this will further diminish our influence with the uranium ore possessing ABCANZ countries
While Echelon is the most important miltary project linking all five ABCANZ countries there are many other projects, not shared with other countries, notably cross-postings to each other's units where common military traditions and procedures still largely endure for Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, while Bae Systems, Britain' s largest defence equipment supplier ,is now the fourth largest supplier to the US military.
In the non-military sphere, higher education involves an intricate web of connections in which some hundereds of individual academics move each year between the most prestigious universities in each country .
In the business world, common language and legal systems allow for a vast amount of cross-ownership (not all to Britain's advantage, as the finacncial crisis has demonstrated) .
It is in these two areas, higher education and business, underpinned by the language and many common institutions that the "special relationship " or rather relationships lie. Silly reportage of this concept by British journalists, either denying it or affirming it, is embarrassing.
On the economic side, an interesting comparison can be made with Britain's relationship with the European Union and the rest of the ABCANZ group. Britain will pay in 2009/10 around £12 Billion as its subscription to the EU of which perhaps £3 Billion may find its way back in EU-controlled subsidies for land management and structural funds.
The British public have been repeatedly told that membership of the EU is necessary to protect British jobs (3 million is often quoted by government ministers).
The four other ABCANZ countries taken together, apart from Britain, have almost exactly the same value of trade (imports plus exports) with the EU as Britain has but they pay not a penny piece to the EU. Their trade is in fact protected in law by the World Trading Organisation which protects every nation's trade .
Top | Home
Australia's Decision: A view from England ten years on[1]
Many here in Britain listened to the debate in 1 | 0.261354 | 1.168992 | 0.184252 | 0.631218 | [
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999 about establishing a republic in Australia with more than casual interest. We all knew that this was a decision for Australians alone, citizens of a respected independent country. But to a degree perhaps obscured by the views of professional commentators, many ordinary people here – with literally millions of relatives in Australia – do continue to see Australians of all backgrounds, not as foreigners, but as family.
Four Crowned Democracies
During the campaign all the arguments will have been heard from both sides in Australia, but it may just be relevant to hear again a view from one of the three overseas countries most interested in the referendum. During the referendum debate, a well-known Australian advocate of the republican cause, the writer Robert Hughes, in an article in the London Sunday Telegraph, noted that "Australia is almost alone among Western nations in never having had a revolution or even a serious popular rising against the Government". In fact this distinction is shared in the modern period since Australia's founding in 1788 with the other three Western nations Britain, Canada and New Zealand, whose government system is also that of Crown and Parliament. Our four countries are also alone among Western nations in having fought the two World Wars from beginning to end to free the world from powerful tyrannies which threatened not only their own peaceful existence, but everyone else's as well. In Korea we again stood together against communist aggression. In the 1999 outbreak of trouble in East Timor, people in Britain were positively glad that our overstretched forces were able to render assistance to the Australian-led force sent to restore order there just as we and the Canadians are thankful for Australian support in the Afghanistan war.
Another job for a lawyer or politician?
In his article Hughes asked rhetorically, "what does Elizabeth II mean to a Greek farmer's son born in the Snowy Mountains?" Well, his father might have told him that the Queen's Navy was the main means by which Greece freed itself in 1824 from rule by the Turks, and that 120 years later that same Navy landed troops in Athens to prevent Greece falling under communist rule. Australia, Canada, Britain and New Zealand have been places of refuge for people desperate to escape from strife-torn lands, most of them republics, and for some at least in all four countries that refuge is identified with our common symbol, the Crown.In the BBC programme "Question Time" broadcast from Sydney in October 1999, Bob Hawke and others made the point that while Australia was a democracy, the one post an Australian could not aspire to was Head of State. But then neither can I and I live in a democracy too. In a republic, there will be perhaps 10 presidents in an adult's lifetime – in Australian terms an individual would have a one in two million chance of being head of state. Better than nothing – some would say – but is the chance actually as big as that? The fact is that in all the Western republics which Australia might compare itself to, the president is invariably a politician or a lawyer. I would guess that most Australians like most Britons, think that politicians and lawyers are quite prominent enough already without providing them with yet another source of employment. Another question posed by Bob Hawke in the Question Time programme was how would Britons feel if their Head of State was absent most of the time. As a former Prime Minister, Mr Hawke well knows the amount of time the Queen spends in Australia is a matter for her and the Australian government. But unlike the Head of State of a republic, the Monarch has two functions – as part of government and as a living symbol of a common history and collection of values. For many in Britain the latter is by far the more important and that continues wherever the Sovereign is. I personally would be quite content with a Governor-general acting in Britain when the Queen is elsewhere. The Americans have their flag and our four countries our Crown. A symbol, like other national institutions, is for keeping. You don't elect flags, or great universities, or great opera houses for that matter.
Strengthening Links
Of course, like all Britons, I recognise that many of the links which formerly bound our countries have weakened in the last half century, but others not so obviously perhaps have strengthened. Along with millions I detest the way Britain's membership of the European Union has made Australians, Canadians and New Zealanders queue in the foreigners' line at airports, while the citizens of former enemy countries pass through a privileged entry gate. But looking beyond this irritant, the fact is more of our two peoples are in each other | 1.663216 | 0.943372 | 0.699109 | 0.485541 | [
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HomeWorldPoliticsPTI's Prohibited Funding Case & What You Need to Hear About It
PTI's Prohibited Funding Case & What You Need to Hear About It
The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) Saturday kickstarted its countrywide investigation — launched a day earlier — into the utilisation of funds from "prohibited" sources by PTI after an Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) ruling that the party secured illegal donations.
A total of six inquiries have been opened simultaneously in major cities of Pakistan, including federal capital Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Karachi.
According to FIA authorities, 13 accounts have been identified in which these funds were transferred, and the agency has issued notices to the banks under which these accounts have been operating.
Courts have also directed these banks to submit complete details of these bank accounts to the FIA in order to help the inquiry teams with the investigation.
The probe was launched on a letter written by PTI founding member Akbar S Babar, requesting an investigation against the PTI for receiving funds through accounts opened in the name of junior employees.
FIA summons PTI leaders, employees
The investigation agency also summoned former National Assembly speaker and senior PTI leader Asad Qaiser and Punjab Minister Mian Mahmood-ur-Rashid along with others.
A day earlier, the FIA had called four employees of the PTI secretariat to investigate the money laundering and embezzlement in these funds, and statements of these employees were recorded.
'Not afraid'
Confirming that he has received a notice from FIA, Qaiser wrote on Twitter: "I want to tell the imported government that we are not afraid of such filthy tricks."
"The imported government should avoid using the national institutions for taking political revenge," he said, advising them to sow as much as they can bear later.
FIA Peshawar's office has summoned Qaiser on August 11 (Thursday) at 2pm.
The notice sent to the former speaker stated that as per the verdict on Akbar S Babar's case, Qaiser has two bank accounts and he is associated with the functioning of those two accounts; therefore he has been asked to appear before the inquiry team to answer questions regarding the details of the bank account.
FIA forms committees for investigation
According to sources, FIA has formed five investigation committees comprising of three members each in different cities, while a committee has been set up at the headquarters for coordination.
Sources further added that the committees will proceed with the investigation in line with the directions of the ECP; the terms of reference (TOR) have been issued in this regard.
FIA Director-General Mohsin Butt is overseeing all investigations.
In Karachi, the FIA has formed a five-member team headed by Deputy Director Bank Circle Rabia Qureshi comprising Assistant Director Rauf Sheikh, Inspectors Sabeen Ghauri, Aftab Watoo, and Sub Inspector Rahat Khan.
The committee has been directed to investigate funding companies, individual bank accounts, and all other monetary details, which are to be later shared with the central committee formed in the headquarters.
Akbar S Babar writes letter to FIA
The FIA launched the investigation on a letter written by Babar, requesting a probe against the PTI for receiving funds through accounts opened in the name of junior employees.
Akbar S Babar formally approached the FIA to initiate a probe against the PTI on Wednesday.
Babar told the FIA that the PTI's financial board in 2011 illegally authorised four employees of the party's central secretariat to collect donations in their personal accounts from within Pakistan and abroad.
A sum of Rs11.104 million was deposited in the accounts of the PTI employees which was beyond their known sources of income, Babar said in his letter.
He wrote that the funds were received through the accounts of employees Tahir Iqbal, Muhammad Nauman Afzal, Muhammad Arshad, and Muhammad Rafiq.
Acting on this letter and the ECP ruling on this case, the FIA is probing the utilisation of funds from 13 undeclared accounts and has issued notices to the account holders.
Sources close to these developments say FIA also wants to probe whether there are unknown accounts, besides looking into sources of | -0.752891 | 0.569131 | -0.283209 | -0.151795 | [
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funding in these accounts, how much funds were sent through them and whether funds were transferred in accordance with the laws of host countries.
FIA traces four bank accounts of PTI
n a major development in the prohibited funding case against PTI, the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) has claimed to have traced at least four bank accounts of the party used to receive money from abroad.
On August 2, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), in a unanimous verdict, said it found that the PTI received prohibited funding. The commission found that donations were taken from America, Australia, Canada and the UAE. PTI received funds from 34 individuals and 351 businesses including companies, the ECP verdict states. Thirteen unknown accounts have also come to light, said the commission in the verdict, adding that hiding accounts are a "violation" of Article 17 of the Constitution.
The FIA has registered an inquiry against the PTI and traced four personal and salary accounts opened in the name of PTI secretariat employees, which were being used for prohibited funding.
Sources privy to the matter said that these accounts were being blocked.
The Agency said funds were received in bank accounts of Muhammad Arshad, Tahir Iqbal, Muhammad Rafique, and Nauman Afzal, The News reported.
These employees said in their statements that they used to give the money received in their accounts to the PTI finance manager. They said they would give signed blank cheques to the finance manager. However, they said they know nothing about sources of funding. They did not know who was depositing funds in their accounts, and where the money withdrawn from their accounts was utilised. The FIA came to know during investigation that besides other accounts, foreign funding was also received in employees' salary accounts.
FIA launches countrywide probe
On Saturday, the FIA kick-started its countrywide investigation into the utilisation of funds from 'prohibited' sources by the PTI.
Official sources said that an emergency has been declared in the FIA to fast investigate the case and conclude it at the earliest. A total of six inquiries have been opened simultaneously, in major cities, including the federal capital, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Karachi.
Courts have also directed these banks to submit complete details of the bank accounts to the FIA in order to help the inquiry teams with the investigation.
The probe was launched on a letter, written by PTI's founding member Akbar S Babar, requesting an investigation against the party for receiving funds through accounts opened in the name of employees.
The investigation agency also summoned former National Assembly speaker and senior PTI leader Asad Qaiser and Punjab Minister Mian Mahmoodur Rashid along with nine others.
FIA sets up five investigation committees
According to sources, the FIA has formed five investigation committees comprising three members each in different cities, while a committee has been set up at the headquarters for coordination.
Sources said the committees would proceed with the investigations in line with the directions of the ECP; the terms of reference (ToR) have been issued in this regard.
In Karachi, the FIA formed a five-member team under Deputy Director Bank Circle Rabia Qureshi and comprising Assistant Director Rauf Sheikh, Inspectors Sabeen Ghauri and Aftab Watoo, and Sub Inspector Rahat Khan.
The committee has been directed to investigate funding companies, individual bank accounts, and all other monetary details, which are to be later shared with the central committee, formed at the headquarters.
The FIA Sindh has also become active and it has issued notices to former Sindh governor Imran Ismael and Seema Zia.
He told FIA that PTI's financial board in 2011 illegally authorised four employees of the party's central secretariat to collect donations in their personal accounts from within Pakistan and abroad.
A sum of Rs11.104 million was deposited in the accounts of the PTI employees which was beyond their known sources of income, Akbar Babar said in his letter.
Imran Khan trying to divert attention from his theft with PTI 'power show', says Sanaullah
Lashing out at the PTI, Interior Minister Rana Sanaullah on Sunday claimed that Imran Khan will suffer defeat during the upcoming by-elections in all the nine National Assembly constituencies that fell vacant after the | -0.587845 | 1.258523 | -0.185682 | 0.188985 | [
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NA speaker accepted the resignations of the concerned PTI MNAs.
Terming PTI's back-to-back public gatherings across the country "political stunts", Rana Sanaullah said that Imran Khan was trying to divert attention from his theft.
It is pertinent to mention here that the PTI is preparing to stage a 'grand power show' at Islamabad's Parade Ground to decide its strategy with party supporters on the eve of Independence Day.
In a statement, the interior minister said that the PTI is allowed to stage a public gathering at the Parade Ground, adding that it will be a political stunt.
"Whoever will not cooperate with the FIA relating to an inquiry into the prohibited funding case [against PTI] will be arrested," warned the interior minister.
Without giving an exact time frame, Sanaullah maintained that PML-N supremo Nawaz Sharif will return to his homeland ahead of the next general elections.
Fawad advises Sanaullah to 'be careful'
Reacting to Sanaullah's statement, PTI leader Fawad Chaudhry advised the interior minister to be careful while giving remarks about party leadership.
"Your value is not more than an SHO of the Kohsar police station," the PTI leader told the interior minister as the ruling PML-N has no government in any province of the country.
Fawad Chaudhry also warned the interior minister of the consequences of his statements.
Taking a jab at the interior minister, the PTI leader said that Sanaullah did not visit Faisalabad since PML-N lost its government in Punjab.
Imran's arrest may trigger 'bloody politics' in country, warns Rasheed
Reacting to the coalition government's move to file references against the PTI chairman in prohibited funding and Toshakhana cases, former interior minister Sheikh Rasheed Ahmed on Tuesday warned that attempts to arrest Imran Khan or break the party would trigger "bloody politics" in the country.
Taking to Twitter on Tuesday, Rasheed said that the security of the country is more important than politics and power, adding that the instability in Afghanistan will also affect peace in Pakistan.
'Govt tightening noose around PTI'
It should be noted that the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) has launched a probe into the illegal funding and has summoned senior PTI leaders to appear before it.
The government is tightening the noose around PTI after the ECP ruling in the prohibited funding case and a smear campaign against the military following the Balochistan helicopter crash in which six military personnel embraced martyrdom.
Warning the ruling alliance in a series of tweets, Rasheed said that the economic collapse, political instability, increasing extortion and terrorism incidents will bury their politics.
He further added that China is thinking well of Pakistan and the rulers should understand its signals and don't make Independence Day "a day of destruction".
"Arresting Imran Khan and plans to break PTI will be the start of bloody politics."
He maintained that their agenda is to disqualify Imran Khan and make Nawaz Sharif eligible.
https://www.geo.tv/latest/432276-fia-kickstarts-investigation-in-prohibited-funding-case-summons-various-pti-leaders
https://www.geo.tv/latest/432607-imrans-arrest-may-trigger-bloody-politics-in-country-warns-rasheed
https://www.geo.tv/latest/432330-prohibited-funding-case-fia-traces-four-bank-accounts-of-pti
https://www.geo.tv/latest/432342-imran-khan-to-lose-by-election-on-all-9-vacant-na-seats-claims-sanaullah
Shahbaz Gill's comments part of planned conspiracy to create division within military: Rana Sanaullah
White House Sending Key Air Defense System Ammunition to Ukraine
What We Need to Grow as Pakistan – From a Former Finance Minister
Government to Pass No Mot | -0.720019 | -0.438545 | -1.266477 | -0.289667 | [
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Ahmadinejad and Iran's Neoconservative Movement
The comeback of Iran's reformist and centrist movements
By Arshin Adib-Moghaddam (for Safe Democracy)
Arshin Adib-Moghaddam writes on the recent rise of the neoconservative movement in Iran's increasingly diversified political spectrum. Unlike the neoconservative movements of the US or the UK, Iran's neoconservatives have advocated social welfare, capital redistribution, anti-corruption measures and have pursued a pragmatic foreign policy agenda. Yet, in Adib-Moghaddam's opinion, their traditionalist preference for preservation over reform, and their combination of the repressive tendencies of the Shah, with the revolutionary rhetoric of Khomeini, has not convinced the Iranian electorate, thus instigating the comeback, in the recent elections, of the reformist and centrist movements.
Arshin Adib-Moghaddam is the author of The International Politics of the Persian Gulf: A Cultural Genealogy and the forthcoming The Question of the Islamic Republic: Selected essays on the politics of post-revolutionary Iran. He teaches international relations at Oxford University.
DURING THE PAST FEW YEARS A NEW CURRENT HAS EMERGED in Iranian politics that has redefined the right-wing in the Islamic Republic. The ascendancy of the Isargaran and Abadgaran, Iran's main right-wing movements, can be traced back to the municipal elections of 2003 when Abadgaran members won the majority of seats in Tehran and promptly elected Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Major in April of the same year.
Their electoral success was repeated in 2004, when the Abadgaran and Isargaran won the largest number of parliamentary votes, including most of the seats in Tehran. And it was against the backdrop of this shift to the right in Iranian politics that Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was able to win the ninth presidency of the Islamic Republic in June 2005.
DISTINCT NEO-CONSERVATISM
In discussing why I use the term neoconservative to describe Iran's right-wing, the first thing I would like to mention is that domestically Iranian neo-conservatism is neither monolithically capitalistic nor, in terms of foreign relations, does it have expansionary aims. The Right elsewhere, like in the United States or the United Kingdom for instance, usually has a strong tendency towards deregulated capitalism which manifests itself in tax-cuts for the upper-classes and less emphasis on social welfare. There is also typically a propensity for reactionary foreign policies (example given: Reaganism and Thatcherism).
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his institutional backers, on the contrary, have advocated social welfare for the poor, capital redistribution, anti-corruption measures and have thus far pursued a rather pragmatic, although rhetorically confrontational, foreign policy agenda.
PRESERVE RATHER THAN REFORM
So what makes Iran's right-wing neoconservative? A quick perusal of the sociology of Iranian neoconservatism shows that the movement has emerged out of the cultural attitude of patriarchal traditionalism among those orthodox strata of Iranian society whose ultimate aim is to preserve (rather than reform) the political structure of the Islamic Republic and reify (rather than reinterpret) the political tenets of Khomeinism. Ultimately, Iran's right-wing has inherited the chauvinism of Persian nationalism heralded by the Pahlavi monarchs, and the populism of the early revolutionary years. As such they are representative of Iran's political culture both before and after the Islamic revolution in 1979.
On the one hand, not unlike the Shah, Ahmadinejad and his followers feel quite comfortable advocating equality, emancipation, justice and virtue abroad, while closing down reformist newspapers, intimidating intellectuals and harassing nongovernmental organisations within Iran. And on the other hand, they portray themselves as the guardians of the Imam's line (khat-e imam, Ayatollah Khomeini's | 0.882501 | 0.511831 | 0.389688 | 0.987605 | [
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Anti-Nuclear Movement
The Anti-Nuclear Movement in Review: Defeat from the Jaws of Victory
Hall, Wayne
EVERY NOW AND then Time magazine comes out with front cover screaming something like: "Russian Nukes: Is Anyone in Control?" The idea of a fanatic blowing up New York City with a Russian nuclear weapo...
Canadian Information Sharing Service: Volume 2, Number 3 - September 1977
Canadian Information Sharing Service: Volume 2, Number 5 - December 1977
Canadian Information Sharing Service: Volume 3, Number 3 - June 1978
Canadian Information Sharing Service: Volume 3, Number 4 - August 1978
Connexions: Volume 4, Number 2 - March 1979 - Native Rights/Les Droits des Autochtones
Connexions: Volume 4, Number 5 - October 1979 - Nuclear Energy\Energie Nucleaire
Connexions: Volume 5, Number 2 - May 1980 - Women/Femmes
Connexions: Volume 5, Number 3 - September 1980 - Racism/Racisme
Connexions: Volume 5, Number 4 - October 1980 - Health/Sante
Connexions: Volume 6, Number 2 - April 1981 - Urban Core/Milieu Urbain
Connexions: Volume 6, Number 3 - September 1981 - Atlantic Development/Le Developpement Atlantique
Connexions: Volume 6, Number 4 - November 1981 - Unorganized Workers/Travailleurs Non-Organises
Connexions: Volume 7, Number 3 - July 1982 - Prairie Region/Region des Prairies
Connexions: Volume 8, Number 3-4 - Winter 1983/84 - Native Issues - A Digest of Resources and Groups for Social
Connexions: Volume 9, Number 1 - Spring 1984 - Energy - A Digest of Resources and Groups for Social Change
Connexions: Volume 10, Number 1 - Spring 1986 - The Arts and Social Change
Connexions Digest: Volume 12, Number 1 - Fall 1988 - A Social Change Sourcebook
Connexions Digest: Issue 54 - February 1992- A Social Change Sourcebook
Organizer Renny Cushing Tapped the Power of Community to Pull the Plug on Nuke Plants: Clamshell Alliance Drew a Line in the Sand That the Nuclear Energy Industry Has Not Crossed to This Day
Clarke, Feliticy
As one of the key figures in the Clamshell Alliance in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Cushing was effective in organizing a movement that played a major role in freezing the construction of new nucle...
Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - November 21, 2015: Climate Change and Social Change
Diemer, Ulli (ed.)
This issue of Other Voices spotlights climate change, the escalating crisis that the upcoming Paris climate conference is supposed to address. But climate change is not a single problem: it is a produ...
Our Generation: Volume 1, Number 1
The first issue of the journal Our Generation Against Nuclear War
Our Generation: Volume 1 Number 2
Special Supplement on the Berlin & German Question
Special Issue on Unilateralism
Our Generation: Volume 8 number 3 part 2
Press for Conversion #39: December 1999
This issue provides an overview of the global threat of nuclear weapons as well as providing dozens of articles highlighting various organisations, campaigns and resources focused on abolishing them.
Resisting the Bomb: A History of World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1954-1970
Wittner, Lawrence S.
Describes the gradual development of the worldwide movement for nuclear disarmament and research records from peace groups and government agencies.
Traite du Savoir-Vivre for the Occupy Wall Street Generations
Giordano, Al
Once upon a time, twenty thousand people descended on Wall Street, the capitol of capital, occupied it | -0.447453 | 0.558387 | 0.261925 | -0.095215 | [
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Wind Markets & Policy
Clean Energy Investment Plummets in Ohio
The freezing of Ohio's renewable energy target has frozen new project investments.
Kathiann M. Kowalski January 26, 2015
Photo Credit: aceshot1 / Shutterstock.com
A drop in investments in Ohio's clean energy industry could cost the state jobs, according to industry experts. Matters could be made worse by continuing uncertainty about the future of Ohio's renewable energy and energy efficiency standards.
Earlier this month, the Pew Charitable Trusts released a report documenting the huge growth in investments in Ohio's clean energy industry in the years following adoption of those standards in 2008.
That same report also shows a huge drop after state lawmakers began debating changes to those standards in 2013. The study's authors expect investment levels will stay low through at least 2017.
Uncertainty halts growth
By the end of 2012, new investments in Ohio's clean energy sector had grown to roughly 35 times their 2009 level, the Pew report shows.
"What we found in Ohio is they've really built upon their legacy of manufacturing to become a leader in the production of clean energy technologies," said Tom Swanson, manager of Pew's Clean Energy Initiative.
By 2013, Ohio ranked first in the country for wind energy components and second for solar technologies, Swanson noted.
Jobs in the state's clean energy industry grew too.
A report from researchers at ICF International and Wright State University estimates that by 2012, the state employed roughly 31,000 people in its alternative energy economy.
The researchers had prepared that February 2013 report for the Ohio Development Services Agency. However, the agency delayed releasing the report until just two months ago, in November 2014.
In the interim, Ohio's Republican-led legislature made major cutbacks to the state's energy efficiency and renewable energy standards.
Late last spring, Gov. John Kasich signed Senate Bill 310 into law. SB 310 "freezes" increases in the energy efficiency and renewable energy targets for two years, while also scaling back the scope of those standards.
In the wake of the legislature's actions, investments in the state's clean energy sector have plummeted, the Pew report shows.
"Investment has dropped off considerably, particularly in the wind industry," said Swanson.
The federal Production Tax Credit for wind energy ended in 2013, and another 2014 law in Ohio tripled the property line setbacks for commercial wind turbines, Swanson noted.
But, Swanson stressed, "SB 310 has really been the main driver of why we've seen investment dip." That's because of the bill's "overarching" reach and its impact on local markets.
"Local demand really fuels the growth of the industry, since it's less expensive to produce large components, such as turbines and towers, close to where they'll be used," Swanson explained. "So, many manufacturers are now leaving the industry or redirecting investment to other states because policy uncertainty has dampened the local market for their products."
The same holds true for solar and other technologies as well. When components need to travel farther to get to market, businesses face "added costs that can hurt their overall margin," Swanson said.
The Pew report predicts that investment would grow again if the standards resume in 2017 after SB 310's freeze ends. However, that assumes a "business as normal" case.
"This is still very uncertain," Swanson said.
In particular, SB 310 set up an Energy Mandates Study Committee to assess whether the state's clean energy standards should continue. A majority of the committee's twelve members voted in favor of SB 310's freeze and cutbacks.
Ongoing debate about whether the standards will continue is likely to keep investment levels down, said Swanson.
"The policy uncertainty does dampen investment," he stressed. "Businesses need stable long-term policies to plan and be able to make investments."
The Pew report gives "a very good overview of the progress that has been made in Ohio in terms of growing the | 0.238754 | 0.93621 | 0.81324 | 0.328158 | [
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] | 1,328,834 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 7 | 9 |
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