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hDQNCWR3HLQ | Hinton except the Honda Prize although he apparently agrees that Honda's claims are false he should ask Honda to correct their statements and like in the end maybe you're going would like to set the record straight who invented LST M's and you know as we as you may know seppo writer it kind of invented LST ms under jurgen schmidhuber as a as a PhD advisor but the to | 925 | 954 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=925s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
hDQNCWR3HLQ | summarize dr. Hinton's comments and ad hominem arguments diverged from the contents of my post and do not challenge the facts and so on and i have to say after reading this this this is a this is correct right hinton basically replies to hey i I never claimed I invented back prop and other people have invented it and Schmidt Hoover doesn't criticize hinton in this particular post | 954 | 981 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=954s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
hDQNCWR3HLQ | he may otherwise schmidhuber doesn't create as as Hinton for claiming that he criticizes Honda for claiming that Hinton did and it doesn't hidden basically agrees with him and also schmidhuber says dr. Hinton accepted the Honda Prize although he apparently agrees that the claims are false he should ask Honda to correct their statements and it is true that Hinton | 981 | 1,005 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=981s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
hDQNCWR3HLQ | accepted this price under this release right now you might be able to say him Hinton also says he's on the record basically saying he didn't do this and I guess if you're Hinton and you know you've had this you've had a successful career and so on and you have previously really publicly stated that you didn't invent these things and you know made it clear and then you get a prize and they | 1,005 | 1,030 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=1005s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
hDQNCWR3HLQ | write this thing maybe you just don't want to go after every single press statement and correcting that but you know in essence basically Hinton and understood this as an attack on himself that he claims he invented back prop and schmidhuber says Honda claims he invented back rub and Hinton accepted the price so agrees with it and he basically agrees with it but doesn't say | 1,030 | 1,058 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=1030s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
hDQNCWR3HLQ | Honda should have corrected at which I can understand so this is my take on this issue it's kind of both or correct and they just kind of talk past each other and schmidhuber is always on the the idea existed before and Hinton is correct when he says it's not always just about the idea progress is also made by people being excited people actually getting something to work | 1,058 | 1,090 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=1058s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
hDQNCWR3HLQ | people you know doing something at the right time in the right place which is also correct but it is fun it is fun so so I just I enjoyed I enjoy this honestly like because ultimately this is the kind of discussions also need to happen in science because credit assignment is an important thing in science and even though sometimes it's over the top like schmidhuber always | 1,090 | 1,121 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDQNCWR3HLQ&t=1090s | [Drama] Schmidhuber: Critique of Honda Prize for Dr. Hinton | |
eIho2S0ZahI | The human voice: It's the instrument we all play. It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably. It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you." And yet many people have the experience that when they speak, people don't listen to them. And why is that? How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world? What I'd like to suggest, there are a number of habits that we need to move away from. | 0 | 37 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=0s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking. I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list, but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into. First, gossip. Speaking ill of somebody who's not present. Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us. | 37 | 61 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=37s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | Second, judging. We know people who are like this in conversation, and it's very hard to listen to somebody if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time. Third, negativity. You can fall into this. My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative, and it's hard to listen. I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today," | 61 | 82 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=61s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?" (Laughter) It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative. (Laughter) And another form of negativity, complaining. Well, this is the national art of the U.K. It's our national sport. We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything, but actually, complaining is viral misery. It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world. | 82 | 108 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=82s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | Excuses. We've all met this guy. Maybe we've all been this guy. Some people have a blamethrower. They just pass it on to everybody else and don't take responsibility for their actions, and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that. Penultimate, the sixth of the seven, embroidery, exaggeration. It demeans our language, actually, sometimes. For example, if I see something that really is awesome, | 108 | 133 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=108s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | what do I call it? (Laughter) And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying, and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us. And finally, dogmatism. The confusion of facts with opinions. When those two things get conflated, you're listening into the wind. You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true. It's difficult to listen to that. | 133 | 160 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=133s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking. These are things I think we need to avoid. But is there a positive way to think about this? Yes, there is. I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations, that we can stand on if we want our speech to be powerful and to make change in the world. Fortunately, these things spell a word. | 160 | 184 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=160s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well. I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky and hits you on the head. I'm talking about this definition, to greet or acclaim enthusiastically, which is how I think our words will be received if we stand on these four things. So what do they stand for? See if you can guess. The H, honesty, of course, | 184 | 205 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=184s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | being true in what you say, being straight and clear. The A is authenticity, just being yourself. A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth, which I think is a lovely way to put it. The I is integrity, being your word, actually doing what you say, and being somebody people can trust. And the L is love. I don't mean romantic love, but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons. | 205 | 232 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=205s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want. I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning. Perhaps that's not necessary. Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing. But also, if you're really wishing somebody well, it's very hard to judge them at the same time. I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously. So hail. | 232 | 256 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=232s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | Also, now that's what you say, and it's like the old song, it is what you say, it's also the way that you say it. You have an amazing toolbox. This instrument is incredible, and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened. I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now and just pull a few tools out that you might like to take away and play with, | 256 | 276 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=256s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | which will increase the power of your speaking. Register, for example. Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time, but there's a register in between. I'm not going to get very technical about this for any of you who are voice coaches. You can locate your voice, however. So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference. If I go down here in my throat, | 276 | 296 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=276s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | which is where most of us speak from most of the time. But if you want weight, you need to go down here to the chest. You hear the difference? We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true, because we associate depth with power and with authority. That's register. Then we have timbre. It's the way your voice feels. Again, the research shows that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm, | 296 | 324 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=296s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | like hot chocolate. Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world, because you can train. Go and get a voice coach. And there are amazing things you can do with breathing, with posture, and with exercises to improve the timbre of your voice. Then prosody. I love prosody. This is the sing-song, the meta-language that we use in order to impart meaning. | 324 | 345 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=324s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | It's root one for meaning in conversation. People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to if they don't have any prosody at all. That's where the word "monotonic" comes from, or monotonous, monotone. Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in, where every sentence ends as if it were a question when it's actually not a question, it's a statement? | 345 | 368 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=345s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | (Laughter) And if you repeat that one, it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody, which I think is a shame, so let's try and break that habit. Pace. I can get very excited by saying something really quickly, or I can slow right down to emphasize, and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence. There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there? | 368 | 398 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=368s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs. It can be very powerful. Of course, pitch often goes along with pace to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch. Where did you leave my keys? (Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys? So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries. And finally, volume. (Loud) I can get really excited by using volume. | 398 | 421 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=398s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | Sorry about that, if I startled anybody. Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet. Some people broadcast the whole time. Try not to do that. That's called sodcasting, (Laughter) Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately. Not nice. Of course, where this all comes into play most of all is when you've got something really important to do. | 421 | 446 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=421s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people. It might be proposing marriage, asking for a raise, a wedding speech. Whatever it is, if it's really important, you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox and the engine that it's going to work on, and no engine works well without being warmed up. Warm up your voice. Actually, let me show you how to do that. | 446 | 469 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=446s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | Would you all like to stand up for a moment? I'm going to show you the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do. Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these. First, arms up, deep breath in, and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that. One more time. Ahhhh, very good. Now we're going to warm up our lips, and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, | 469 | 496 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=469s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good. And now, brrrrrrrrrr, just like when you were a kid. Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive. We're going to do the tongue next with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la. Beautiful. You're getting really good at this. And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr. That's like champagne for the tongue. Finally, and if I can only do one, | 496 | 522 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=496s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | the pros call this the siren. It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw." The "we" is high, the "aw" is low. So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww. Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause. Take a seat, thank you. (Applause) Next time you speak, do those in advance. Now let me just put this in context to close. This is a serious point here. This is where we are now, right? | 522 | 549 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=522s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
eIho2S0ZahI | We speak not very well to people who simply aren't listening in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics. I have talked about that on this stage in different phases. What would the world be like if we were speaking powerfully to people who were listening consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpose? Or to make that a bit larger, | 549 | 570 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=549s | How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room, but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar. (Laughter) Also, the person to your left is a liar. Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar. We're all liars. What I'm going to do today is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars, how you can become a liespotter | 0 | 41 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=0s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | and why you might want to go the extra mile and go from liespotting to truth seeking, and ultimately to trust building. Now, speaking of trust, ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting," no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no. They say, "It's okay, we'll email you." (Laughter) I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks. My husband's like, "Honey, deception? | 41 | 69 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=41s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?" So before I get started, what I'm going to do is I'm going to clarify my goal for you, which is not to teach a game of Gotcha. Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids, those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha! Your eyebrow twitched. You flared your nostril. I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying." | 69 | 90 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=69s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | No, liespotters are armed with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception. They use it to get to the truth, and they do what mature leaders do everyday; they have difficult conversations with difficult people, sometimes during very difficult times. And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition, and that proposition is the following: Lying is a cooperative act. | 90 | 114 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=90s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance. Its power emerges when someone else agrees to believe the lie. So I know it may sound like tough love, but look, if at some point you got lied to, it's because you agreed to get lied to. Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act. Now not all lies are harmful. Sometimes we're willing participants in deception | 114 | 137 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=114s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | for the sake of social dignity, maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret. We say, "Nice song." "Honey, you don't look fat in that, no." Or we say, favorite of the digiratti, "You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder. So sorry." But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception. And that can have dramatic costs for us. | 137 | 162 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=137s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Last year saw 997 billion dollars in corporate fraud alone in the United States. That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars. That's seven percent of revenues. Deception can cost billions. Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis. Or in the case of double agents and traitors, like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames, lies can betray our country, they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy, | 162 | 188 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=162s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | they can cause the deaths of those that defend us. Deception is actually serious business. This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man, British authorities say he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world. And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere. He was interviewed once, and he said the following. | 188 | 209 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=188s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | He said, "Look, I've got one rule." And this was Henry's rule, he said, "Look, everyone is willing to give you something. They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for." And that's the crux of it. If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know, what is it that you're hungry for? And we all kind of hate to admit it. We wish we were better husbands, better wives, | 209 | 230 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=209s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | smarter, more powerful, taller, richer -- the list goes on. Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap, to connect our wishes and our fantasies about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be, with what we're really like. And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies. On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to anywhere from 10 to 200 times. | 230 | 254 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=230s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Now granted, many of those are white lies. But in another study, it showed that strangers lied three times within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other. (Laughter) Now when we first hear this data, we recoil. We can't believe how prevalent lying is. We're essentially against lying. But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens. We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers. | 254 | 279 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=254s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Extroverts lie more than introverts. Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people. Women lie more to protect other people. If you're an average married couple, you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions. Now, you may think that's bad. If you're unmarried, that number drops to three. Lying's complex. It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives. | 279 | 307 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=279s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | We're deeply ambivalent about the truth. We parse it out on an as-needed basis, sometimes for very good reasons, other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives. That's truth number two about lying. We're against lying, but we're covertly for it in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries. It's as old as breathing. | 307 | 328 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=307s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | It's part of our culture, it's part of our history. Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World. (Laughter) Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species. Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species, the larger the neocortex, the more likely it is to be deceptive. Now you might remember Koko. Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language? | 328 | 353 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=328s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Koko was taught to communicate via sign language. Here's Koko with her kitten. It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten. Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall. (Laughter) We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack. It's starts really, really early. How early? Well babies will fake a cry, pause, wait to see who's coming and then go right back to crying. | 353 | 379 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=353s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | One-year-olds learn concealment. (Laughter) Two-year-olds bluff. Five-year-olds lie outright. They manipulate via flattery. Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up. By the time you enter college, you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions. By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners, we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends, | 379 | 404 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=379s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | partisan media, ingenious identity thieves, world-class Ponzi schemers, a deception epidemic -- in short, what one author calls a post-truth society. It's been very confusing for a long time now. What do you do? Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass. Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate. | 404 | 435 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=404s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Why is it so easy to learn? There are good liars and bad liars. There are no real original liars. We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception. And then we're going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. We're going to start with speech. (Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. | 435 | 455 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=435s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | I'm going to say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. And these allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you. (Applause) Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs? Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial. | 455 | 485 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=455s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. We also heard distancing language: "that woman." We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject, using language as their tool. Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..." or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..." | 485 | 506 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=485s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | he would have been a dead giveaway for any liespotter that knows that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that, further discredits the subject. Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety, or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we're all really glad he didn't do that -- he would have further discredited himself. | 506 | 526 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=506s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Freud had it right. Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech: "No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips." And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. We all chatter with our fingertips. I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who's chattering with his fingertips. (Laughter) Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language. | 526 | 557 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=526s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | With body language, here's what you've got to do. You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. Because we think liars fidget all the time. Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying. We think liars won't look you in the eyes. Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much | 557 | 577 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=557s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | just to compensate for that myth. We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity. But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile here? You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes. They cannot be consciously contracted, especially if you overdid the Botox. | 577 | 602 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=577s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest. Now we're going to look at the hot spots. Can you tell what's happening in a conversation? Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone's words and someone's actions? Now, I know it seems really obvious, but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception, | 602 | 623 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=602s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators. An honest person is going to be cooperative. They're going to show they're on your side. They're going to be enthusiastic. They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. They're going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects, provide details. They're going to say, "Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks." | 623 | 644 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=623s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview. And if you ask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, an honest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment. | 644 | 663 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=644s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation with someone deceptive. That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky. Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they're going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order. | 663 | 684 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=663s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they'll watch them squirm, and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing. We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures. | 684 | 705 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=684s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | We say "yes," we shake our heads "no." We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. Now, that smile is known in the trade as "duping delight." And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward, but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him, | 705 | 724 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=705s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | this is presidential candidate John Edwards who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock. We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test. See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no," slightly shrugging his shoulders. (Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one. I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine, | 724 | 743 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=724s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | because of the timing of events. So I know it's not possible. Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen. Interviewer: Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody -- JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test. But I'm happy to participate in one. PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot once you know to look for them. | 743 | 765 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=743s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | There are going to be times when someone makes one expression while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash. Murderers are known to leak sadness. Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand, celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger. And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here, | 765 | 784 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=765s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous and it's easy to learn, and that's the expression of contempt. Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field. It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship. But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed. It's associated with moral superiority. And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from. | 784 | 804 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=784s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Here's what it looks like. It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in. It's the only asymmetrical expression. And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows -- and it doesn't always follow -- look the other way, go the other direction, reconsider the deal, say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap. Thank you." Science has surfaced many, many more indicators. | 804 | 831 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=804s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | We know, for example, we know liars will shift their blink rate, point their feet towards an exit. They will take barrier objects and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them. They'll alter their vocal tone, often making their vocal tone much lower. Now here's the deal. These behaviors are just behaviors. They're not proof of deception. | 831 | 854 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=831s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | They're red flags. We're human beings. We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long. They don't mean anything in and of themselves. But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal. Look, listen, probe, ask some hard questions, get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing, walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions, have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport. | 854 | 878 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=854s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Don't try to be like those folks on "Law & Order" and those other TV shows that pummel their subjects into submission. Don't be too aggressive, it doesn't work. Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying and how to spot a lie. And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like. But I'm going to show you two videos, | 878 | 897 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=878s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth. And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California. And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like. This mother, Diane Downs, shot her kids at close range, drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car, claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it. And you'll see when you see the video, | 897 | 920 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=897s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother. What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor. And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video. (Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes, I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving, | 920 | 939 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=920s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth. And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time -- but I don't think so. That bothers me the most. PM: Now I'm going to show you a video of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion, confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court. Here you're going to see no false emotion, just the authentic expression of a mother's agony. | 939 | 968 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=939s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | (Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby, and you hurt her, and you crushed her, you terrified her until her heart stopped. And she fought, and I know she fought you. But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes, and you still wanted to kill her. And I don't understand it, and I never will. | 968 | 995 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=968s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions. Now the technology around what the truth looks like is progressing on, the science of it. We know, for example, that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans, MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out when we're trying to be deceptive. And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us | 995 | 1,018 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=995s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | as panaceas for deceit, and they will prove incredibly useful some day. But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime: Who do you want on your side of the meeting, someone who's trained in getting to the truth or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram through the door? Liespotters rely on human tools. They know, as someone once said, "Character's who you are in the dark." | 1,018 | 1,042 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=1018s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness. Our world is lit up 24 hours a day. It's transparent with blogs and social networks broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people that have made a choice to live their lives in public. It's a much more noisy world. So one challenge we have is to remember, oversharing, that's not honesty. | 1,042 | 1,069 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=1042s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity -- that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter. So in this much noisier world, it might make sense for us to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code. When you combine the science of recognizing deception with the art of looking, listening, | 1,069 | 1,092 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=1069s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
P_6vDLq64gE | you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie. You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit, because you signal to everyone around you, you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one. My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened and falsehood is recognized and marginalized." And when you do that, the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit. | 1,092 | 1,116 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_6vDLq64gE&t=1092s | How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | all right today we're going to find out why ai is much better at governing people why poor people really should pay more taxes and how donald trump is just a normal human all right we'll dive into it we're looking at the ai economist by salesforce research now salesforce research has kind of created a simulated world environment where they can place agents in it and the agents | 0 | 28 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=0s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | they can move around they can collect resources they can trade those resources and they can use those resources to build houses and that will earn them coins and each agent wants to maximize its own coins but also there's the government and the government can set taxes so they collect money from everyone and they redistribute it and the goal now is to going to be | 28 | 54 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=28s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | that the ai handles both the agent and the taxes and we want to maximize the social welfare of the entire population all right that's the goal so the paper here is called the ai economist improving equality and productivity with ai driven tax policies by stefan cheng and alexander trott and other people from salesforce research and harvard university so as i said this is a simulated | 54 | 88 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=54s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | environment and the simulated environment works like this there is a 2d plane kind of like a game playing field and in this game there are agents here you can see the agents there are always four agents where oh down here what are you what are you doing in the corner come on be productive um the the the agents are in this world and they can do certain things they have certain actions at | 88 | 122 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=88s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | their disposal so first of all they can move around they can move down left right and so on whenever they walk past a resource tile they collect the resource this is stone and this is wood so there are two kinds of resources and then the last actions the agents have is building a house one wood and one stone will create one house and the house gives you coins | 122 | 147 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=122s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | so this is a house and that will give you coins but how much coins you get is different from agent to agent and this represents the agent's different skill levels this is an abstraction and the kind of economic theory behind it is that the income inequality in people one of the main drivers of it is that they are skilled differently and therefore are able to | 147 | 176 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=147s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | they are able to convert one unit of labor into more money than another lower skilled worker so this is here represented by the fact that maybe if this agent here builds the house they'll get 50 coins but if this agent here would build the same house they'll only get 10 coins so we'll call this here a high skilled worker and this here a low skilled worker now the last thing sorry i thought last | 176 | 205 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=176s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | thing before but the very last thing the agents can do is they can trade so if one agent has too many resources and the other one has not enough they can trade those resources among each other for those coins so once you build a house you collect some coins you can then either go and collect more resources or you can use those coins in order to buy resources off of | 205 | 227 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=205s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | other people this guy this is unlucky no coins no houses and no resources look at them oh yeah so you also can't move across the water here um you can only move on the grass you can also not move through a house which gives you some interesting abilities because you can just build a house right here and um yes so and you can't move over other players but these are so | 227 | 261 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=227s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | the rules are pretty simple and the goal here is for the agents to maximize the number of coins they get in a thousand steps so the number h here is one thousand which is the number of steps that the agents can take before the game is over and it restarts again so each agent is using reinforcement learning in order to learn how to achieve the maximum number of | 261 | 285 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=261s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | coins now the policies of course going to be different depending on whether that is a high or a low skilled worker the catch here is that outside of this there is the government the government here let's draw this big house with the flag of our fictitious nation which is like this that's the flag and the government will observe what's happening here and they will issue a tax um | 285 | 317 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=285s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | taxes so it will issue a tax distribution now how do you imagine that so if you imagine the government says something like this for the first ten coins you own you owe us five percent of that um for the next 10 coins so from 10 to 20 you earn you owe us 10 and so on so if you earn even more you owe us more and more percent of those extra coins this is what you might know as a | 317 | 348 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=317s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | progressive tax schedule the more you earn the more percentage-wise you pay on that extra earned money this is what you might be used to but there are other tax schedules and the exact histogram you see or the exact how many percent for which amount of coins that is the action of the government so the government decides on the taxes and the taxes are just collected from | 348 | 374 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=348s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | the income so if you if an agent earns these coins then it has to pay taxes to the government and the government will redistribute all the taxes it has collected equally among the population so if you pay a lot you might lose through this process and if you just pay a little taxes you might gain through this process so that's it that is the basic premise of the game the agents are using | 374 | 404 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=374s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | reinforcement learning and i believe the newness of this paper is also that the government now is using reinforcement learning in order to determine the optimal tax policy there is kind of this inner loop here and there is this outer game where the government also tries to maximize the rl and what does the government try to maximize good question it is a measure that's | 404 | 430 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=404s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | called social welfare now social welfare consists of two things and they have this here way down in the paper social welfare in this paper consists of two things first of all economic productivity which basically just means how many coins have has anyone produced it doesn't matter who but just the total amount of coins produced the second one is income equality and | 430 | 456 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=430s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | this is related to the the genie index so if you plot the cumulative distribution of wealth a fully equal society would be a straight line because 50 percent of the people would have 50 of the money and so on but a almost all true societies have something like this where fifty percent of the people might have ten percent of the money and the rest fifty percent of the people has the | 456 | 484 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=456s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | other ninety percent and the measure of inequality is this area here um this is called the genie index and one minus this area is what this paper has as an equality measure so the higher this number the more equal is the society in terms of their income distribution now what is actually optimized for here is this thing equality times productivity so you want | 484 | 512 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=484s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | both to be high your income equality and your productivity there's a trade-off here of course but you can you can have multiple ways to trade that off and that will give you the different uh thing they call this the social welfare function and that's the thing that the government rl agent optimizes for so you can see here already the free market even though it's | 512 | 542 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=512s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | the most productive produces the most coins because if you haven't free market means no taxes if you have no taxes then people are basically encouraged to uh earn more money because they don't have to pay taxes on them right as soon as you tax them they're less encouraged to earn more money and therefore if you have no taxes the most coins will be earned in total but the equality suffers | 542 | 568 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=542s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | so the equality is the lowest among these things considered if you compare that to the ai economist the ai economist achieves the highest social welfare it achieves the highest equality but it doesn't suffer as much in productivity as other systems here and the baseline systems are first of all the u.s federal system this is not particularly tight to the u.s this is | 568 | 595 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=568s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | basically every system uh or most of the systems that you have currently in the world is the progressive tax system and the size formula which i believe is an economically theory-based system which is a regressive tax schedule you can see them down here where the u.s federal will be progressive means the more you earn the more percentage-wise you pay while the says formula will be | 595 | 623 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=595s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) | |
F5aaXrIMWyU | regressive which generally means the more you earn the less you pay i believe this was derived under some assumptions to be the optimal tax distribution and the ai economist will come will come to will come to this in in a second let's actually just look at one of these things first one of these games how this plays out the cool thing here is that they have pretty flashy | 623 | 652 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5aaXrIMWyU&t=623s | The AI Economist: Improving Equality and Productivity with AI-Driven Tax Policies (Paper Explained) |
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