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अब हम रोबोटिक्स
के परिचय पर है।
अब, रोबोटिक्स से
बदला जा सकता है?
और इसी तरह के।
इसी तरह, कई दूसरे
प्रश्न हैं।
अब, यहां वास्तव में,
मैं क्या करने जा
रहा हूं, मैं पहले
कुछ सवालों के जवाब
देने जा रहा हूं।
लेकिन, पिछला प्रश्न,
कि एक इंसान को रोबोट
क्या है?
इसलिए, मैं सिर्फ
इस शब्द को परिभाषित
करने जा रहा हूं: रोबोट
को कुछ कार्य देने
जा रहे हैं, और यह
उन कार्यों को एक
नौकर की तरह करने
वाला है।
अब, कारेल कैपेक ।
लेकिन, जिस तरह से
उन्होंने रोबोट नहीं
था।
अब, यदि आप लिखित कार्य
एक मशीन है जो स्वचालित
रूप से कार्यों की
एक जटिल श्रृंखला
को पूरा करने में
सक्षम है, विशेष रूप
से एक कंप्यूटर द्वारा
प्रोग्राम करने योग्य
है, इसलिए यह एक स्वचालित
मशीन के अलावा कुछ
भी नहीं है।
फिर, आईएसओ सकता है।
अब, जैसा कि मैंने
बताया है कि रोबोट
कर सकता है।
यह किसी प्रकार का
उठाने और रखने का
काम कर सकता है, और
इसी तरह के बहुत।
अब, वास्तव में, हम
मैनिप्युलेटर हो
सकता है।
इसलिए, इन बातों पर,
मैं कुछ समय बाद विस्तार
में चर्चा करूंगा।
अब, RIA जोकि रोबोट , औजारों
या विशेष उपकरणों
को स्थानांतरित करने
के लिए डिज़ाइन किया
गया।
अब, ये शब्द, मैंने
पहले ही परिभाषित
कर दिया है।
उदाहरण के लिए, मैनिप्युलेटर
है।
ब, री-प्रोग्रामबिलिटी
की तरह CNC मशीन में,
हम प्रोग्राम को
बदलकर विभिन्न प्रकार
के कार्य कर सकते
हैं।
इसी तरह, रोबोट द्वारा
प्राप्त किया जा
सकता है, और जिसे एक
CNC मशीन द्वारा प्राप्त
किया जा सकता है।
अब, यह नोट करना महत्वपूर्ण
है, कि री-प्रोग्रामबिलिटी
का स्तर, जो कि CNC मशीन
की तुलना में रोबोट
नहीं है।
अब, अगला मैं परिभाषित
करने जा रहा हूं, रोबोटिक्स
द्वारा वर्ष 1942 में
बनाया गया था।
इसहाक असिमोव नहीं
था।
अब, यहां रोबोटिक्स
वास्तव में है! बहु-विषयक
विषय।
अब, मैं केवल एक अवधारणा
को परिभाषित करने
जा रहा हूं, जिसका
मैंने पहले ही थोड़ा
उल्लेख किया है, जैसे
कि रोबोटिक्स , यानी
यांत्रिक हाथ के
रूप में करने की कोशिश
करते हैं।
हम इंसान के सिर की
नकल करने की कोशिश
करते हैं, यानी बुद्धि
के सिवा कुछ नहीं।
और, हम किसी इंसान
के दिल की नकल करने
की भी कोशिश करते
हैं, लेकिन यांत्रिक
दिल की नहीं, बल्कि
इंसान की भावना की।
और, यही कारण है कि,
भविष्य में, रोबोट
डिजाइन और विकसित
करने की कोशिश कर
रहे हैं।
अब, अगला, रोबोटिक्स
का अध्ययन क्यों
करना चाहिए?
क्या कारण है?
अब, यदि आप आज का बाजार
को देखते हैं, तो यह
गतिशील और प्रतिस्पर्धी
है।
और, यदि आप प्रतिस्पर्धा
में रहना चाहते हैं,
और यदि आप व्यवसाय
में रहना चाहते हैं,
तो आपको क्या करना
है।
आपको कम से कम तीन
आवश्यकताओं को पूरा
करना होगा।
अब, ये आवश्यकताएं
इस प्रकार हैं: जैसे
आपको कम लागत पर अच्छा
उत्पादन करना होगा;
और उसी समय उत्पादकता
अधिक होनी चाहिए;
और उत्पाद की गुणवत्ता
अच्छी होनी चाहिए।
अब, आप तीन उद्देश्यों
को देखते हैं, जैसे
उत्पादन लागत में
कमी, उत्पादकता में
वृद्धि और उत्पाद
की गुणवत्ता में
सुधार।
अब, एक बार में इन
तीनों चीजों को हासिल
करना थोड़ा मुश्किल
है, और उनमें से कुछ
वास्तव में आपसी
विरोधी हैं।
अब, यदि आप तीनों को
प्राप्त करना चाहते
हैं, तो केवल एक ही
उपाय है, और वह है
स्वचालन के अलावा
और कुछ नहीं।
तो, आपको स्वचालन
के लिए जाना होगा,
यदि आप सभी तीन आवश्यकताओं
को प्राप्त करना
चाहते हैं।
अब, अगर मैं आगे बढ़ता
हूं, तो मैं आपको विभिन्न
प्रकार के उत्पादों
और विधियों के बारे
में बताऊंगा, जिनका
हम आम तौर पर उपयोग
करते हैं।
अब, यदि आप उत्पादन
विधियों को देखते
हैं, तो उत्पादन का
उद्देश्य वास्तव
में कच्चे माल को
तैयार उत्पाद में
बदलना है।
अब, यह उत्पादन तीन
प्रकार का हो सकता
है।
उदाहरण के लिए, हमारे
पास पीस प्रोडक्शन
हो सकता है।
अब, पीस प्रोडक्शन
के लिए, हमें कई डिज़ाइन
मिले हैं और प्रत्येक
डिज़ाइन में, हमें
छोटी संख्या में
निर्माण करना होगा।
अब, बैच प्रोडक्शन
के लिए, हमें कुछ डिज़ाइन
मिले हैं; और प्रत्येक
डिजाइन में, हम कुछ
संख्या में उत्पादन
करते हैं।
अब, मास प्रोडक्शन
में, हमें केवल एक
डिज़ाइन मिला है,
और उस विशेष उत्पाद
को बड़ी संख्या में
उत्पादित किया जाना
है।
अब, हम इस विशेष बैच
प्रोडक्शन, मास प्रोडक्शन
के लिए स्वचालित
कर सकते हैं और निश्चित
रूप से पीस प्रोडक्शन
के लिए, स्वचालन संभव
नहीं है; इसलिए इस
विशेष प्रोडक्शन
के लिए कोई स्वचालन
नहीं है।
लेकिन, बैच प्रोडक्शन
के लिए, हम स्वचालन
के लिए जा सकते हैं।
और, मास प्रोडक्शन
के लिए, हम स्वचालन
के लिए जाते हैं।
मास प्रोडक्शन के
लिए, हम आम तौर पर
निश्चित स्वचालन
या हार्ड स्वचालन
के लिए जाते हैं।
इस विशेष बैच प्रोडक्शन
के लिए, हम आम तौर
पर फ्लेक्सिबल स्वचालन
के लिए जाते हैं।
अब, रोबोटिक्स का
उपयोग किया जाता
है।
उदाहरण के लिए, आजकल
रोबोट के विभिन्न
अनुप्रयोग हैं।
अब, यहाँ ऐसी सभी बातें
जो मैंने नोट की हैं।
उपरोक्त आवश्यकताओं
की पूर्ति के लिए
स्वचालन मदद कर सकता
है।
और, रोबोटिक्स का
अध्ययन करना चाहिए।
अब, मैं रोबोटिक्स
, जिसे वर्ष 1954 में
विकसित किया गया
था।
1954 में, मैनीपुलेटर
का उपयोग डाई-कास्टिंग
एप्लिकेशन में किया
गया था।
अब, अगला, 1967 में, जनरल
इलेक्ट्रिक ऑपरेशन
द्वारा निर्मित किया
गया था।
वास्तव में, शके ने
वर्ष 1970 में किया था।
फिर, वर्ष 1973 में सिनसिनाटी
मिलाक्रॉन कॉरपोरेशन
के पिता के रूप में
जाना जाते है।
वर्ष 1978 में, पहली
रोबोटिक्स है, और
यह अक्सर विभिन्न
उद्योगों में उपयोग
किया जाता है।
फिर, 1983 में, रोबोटिक्स
विकसित किए, और उन्होंने
उन्हें मंगल ग्रह
पर भेजा, लेकिन वह
विशेष मिशन एक विफलता
थी।
और, यह विशेष विफलता
कुछ प्रकार के निर्देशों
के न मिलने होने के
कारण थी।
अगला, वर्ष 2000 में,
होंडा , NASA, USA द्वारा
मंगल पर भेजा गया
था, और यह विशेष मिशन
सफल रहा था।
फिर, आप सभी यह जानते
होंगे कि वर्ष 2015 में
क्या हुआ था, सोफिया
सोफिया है।
इसलिए, ये रोबोटिक्स
, पहला पेटेंट वर्ष
1954 में दायर किया गया
था।
अब, मैं सिर्फ एक विशेष
रोबोट के लिए यह कंट्रोलर
या डायरेक्टर है।
अब, जैसा कि मैंने
बताया कि यह एक सीरियल
मैनिपुलेटर का आधार
है, और यह अगला लिंक
है, इसलिए इन दोनों
के बीच, आपको यहां
एक जॉइंट् मिल है।
इसी तरह, इस लिंक और
उस विशेष लिंक के
बीच में, हमें यहां
एक जॉइंट् मिला है।
इसी तरह, यहाँ इस लिंक
और उस लिंक के बीच
में, हमें यहाँ एक
जॉइंट् मिला है, इन
और इन दोनों के बीच
हमें यहाँ एक और जॉइंट्
मिला है।
इसलिए, दो लिंक के
बीच में, हमें एक विशेष
जॉइंट् मिला है।
अब, यदि आप रोबोटिक
जॉइंट् को देखते
हैं, तो रोबोट हो सकता
है।
अब, मैं यहाँ केवल
इन प्रिस्मैटिक और
स्लाइडिंग वाले जॉइंट्स
के लिए एक रफ़ स्केच
बनाने जा रहा हूँ।
अब, अगर मैं सिर्फ
इस विशेष प्रिस्मैटिक
जॉइंट् को बनाता
हूं, तो यह मानते हुए
कि मुझे इस तरह का
एक ब्लॉक मिला है।
तो, अगर मैं इस तरह
से एक ब्लॉक को लेता
हूं।
अब, यहाँ, मैं इस प्रकार
की एक की है।
तो, यह विशेष भाग,
मान लिया कि भाग A
को केवल लीनियर डायरेक्शन
में यहां चलाया जा
सकता है, और यह प्रिस्मैटिक
जॉइंट् का एक उदाहरण
है।
अब, इसी तरह, मैं सिर्फ
एक स्लाइडिंग जॉइंट्
का उदाहरण लेने जा
रहा हूं, अब यह मानते
है कि मुझे इस तरह
का एक ब्लॉक मिला
है।
माना, मुझे इस तरह
का एक ब्लॉक मिला
है।
और, यहाँ, मुझे एक
पिन डालना होगा, वह
पिन कुछ इस तरह से
हो सकती है।
मुझे यहाँ कुछ इस
तरह से पिन डालना
होगा, और यह विशेष
पिन यहाँ डाली जा
सकती है और केवल लीनियर
चाल होगी, और यह एक
स्लाइडिंग जॉइंट्
का उदाहरण है।
तो, ये सभी लीनियर
जॉइंट् हैं।
अब, अगले रोटरी जॉइंट्
पर आते हैं।
अब, यहाँ, यदि आप रोटरी
जॉइंट् देखते हैं,
तो यह मूल रूप से दो
प्रकार का हो सकता
है, हमारे पास रिवोल्युट
जॉइंट् हो सकता है।
अब, दोनों रोटरी जॉइंट्
हैं, लेकिन इन रिवोल्युट
जॉइंट्, और ट्विस्टिंग
जॉइंट् के बीच अंतर
है।
अब, रिवोल्युट जॉइंट्
और ट्विस्टिंग जॉइंट्
के बीच अंतर का पता
लगाने के लिए; मैं
यहां केवल एक उदाहरण
लेने जा रहा हूं।
अब, मैं एक उदाहरण
लेता हूं।
तो, यह फिक्स्ड बेस
है, और यह लिंक है,
और बीच में मुझे यहां
एक जॉइंट् मिला है।
अब, इस विशेष जॉइंट्
की मदद से, इस विशेष
लिंक को कुछ इस तरह
घुमाया जा सकता है।
तो, इसे कुछ इस तरह
घुमाया जा सकता है।
अब, यदि यह आउटपुट
लिंक है और यह साइड
इनपुट है।
आउटपुट लिंक की एक्सिस
आउटपुट लिंक के अक्ष
के साथ मेल खाता है।
यह आउटपुट लिंक है।
यह आउटपुट लिंक की
एक्सिस है, और मैं
इस विशेष अक्ष के
चक्कर लगा रहा हूं।
तो, यह विशेष रूप से
रोटरी जॉइंट् कुछ
भी नहीं है, लेकिन
ट्विस्टिंग जॉइंट्
के चारों ओर मैं रोटेशन
ले रहा हूं वह यह है,
वे 90 डिग्री पर हैं।
इसलिए, यदि यह आउटपुट
है, आउटपुट लिंक की
एक्सिस है, जो कि ‘R’
द्वारा दर्शाया गया
है ।
तो, मूल रूप से एक
बार फिर से मैं दोहराता
हूं कि हम दो प्रकार
के जॉइंट् का उपयोग
करते हैं, यानि लीनियर
जॉइंट् । और, एक बार
फिर, लीनियर जॉइंट्
भी दो प्रकार के है,
प्रिस्मैटिक जॉइंट्
और स्लाइडिंग जॉइंट्,
और दो प्रकार के रोटरी
जॉइंट् हम उपयोग
करते हैं, एक रिवोल्युट
जॉइंट् है, दूसरा
ट्विस्टिंग जॉइंट्
है।
धन्यवाद।
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ANA BELL: All right
everyone, let's get started.
So good afternoon.
So this is the 3rd
lecture of 6.0001 and 600.
As always, please
download slides and code
to follow along.
So a quick recap of
what we did last time.
Last time, we talked about
strings as a new object type,
as sequences of characters.
And then we introduced
two new concepts
that allowed us to
write slightly more
complicated programs.
So we introduced branching, with
these keywords, if, elif, else.
And branching allowed
us to write programs
that, us, as programmers,
could introduce decisions
into our programs.
And then we introduced two
different kinds of loops,
while loops and for loops.
And those also added a
little bit of complexity
to our programs.
Today, we're going to talk a
little bit more about strings.
So we're going to see a
couple of more operations
that you can do on strings
and string objects.
And then we're going
to talk about three
different algorithms,
a guess and check
algorithm, an
approximate solution
algorithm, and a bisection
method algorithm.
So let's dive right in.
We'll talk a little bit
about strings, first.
So strings, we thought of them
as sequences of characters,
case sensitive, as we saw in
programs we wrote last lecture.
And strings are objects.
And we can do all of these
operations on string objects,
like test if they're equal, less
than, greater than, and so on.
It turns out, we can do more
than just concatenate two
strings together or do
these little tests on them.
So we're going to start
introducing the idea
of a function or a procedure.
And we're going to see
more about functions
and how you can write your
own functions next lecture.
But for today, you can
think of a function
as sort of a procedure that
does something for you.
Someone already wrote this.
So the first one
we're going to look at
is a pretty popular function.
And when applied on a string,
this function, called len,
will tell you the
length of a string.
So that's going to tell
you how many characters
are in the string.
And characters are going
to be letters, digits,
special characters,
spaces, and so on.
So it's just going to
count how many characters
are in a string.
So if I have the string
s is equal to "abc"--
remember a string is in
quotation marks-- then,
if I do this, if I write
this expression, len s, here,
since it's an expression,
it has a value.
So it evaluates to
a certain value.
And by definition, it's
going to tell me what
the length of the string,
which is 3 characters long.
Another thing that
we can do on strings
is, since they're a
sequence of characters,
I might want to get
what character is
at a certain position.
So we do this using this
fancy word called indexing.
But pretty much what
indexing into a string means
is you're going
to tell Python, I
want to know the character,
at this certain position
or at this certain
index, inside my sting.
So once again, let's use this
string, s is equal to "abc."
And let's index into it.
So in computer science, we start
from 0, counting by convention.
Notice, we had a problem
set 0 in this class.
Python is no different.
So in Python, you start
indexing at position 0.
Or you start indexing at 0.
So the first character, in your
string, we say is at position 0
or at index 0.
The next character in
the string is at index 1.
And the next character in
the string is at index 2.
In Python, it turns
out, you can also
use negative numbers to index.
And if you index into the string
with negative 1, for example,
that means that you want the
last character in the string.
So the last character
in your string
is always going to be
at position negative 1,
the second-to-last
character is at negative 2,
third-to-last character
is at negative 3,
and so on and so on.
So the way you
index into a string
is with these square
brackets, here.
And this is the notation.
So if I want the character
at position 0 or at index 0,
I say s, which is the
string I want to index into.
And then, inside
the square brackets,
I say what index I want.
So s at index 0 is going to
be the value "a." s at index 1
is going to be the value
"b," and so on and so on.
And we can also do
negative indexing, as well.
I added this in here.
If you do try to
index into a string
beyond the limits
of the string--
and we can even
try this out, just
to show you that it's not the
end of the world if we do that.
If we have s is equal to "abc,"
and we have s at position 20,
for example,
obviously, my string
is only length 3, so
what's at position 20?
I get an error.
I call this angry
text, here, in Python.
But really, the most
relevant thing to note
is these last couple
of lines here.
This tells you what
line is problematic.
So s at position
20 has an issue.
And this last line here tells
me what actual error I have.
So it's an index
error, which means
I'm trying to index too
far into the string,
because it only has
three characters.
So it's nice to be able to
get a single character out
of my string.
But sometimes, I might
want to get a substring.
So I want to start at
the first character
and go halfway into
the string, or I
want to take a few
characters in between,
or I want to skip every other
letter or something like that
in my string.
So if I want to do this slightly
more complicated interaction
with strings, we call that
slicing, slicing into a string.
And this notation here should
seem a little bit familiar,
because we saw it last lecture
when we did it with range.
We had a start,
stop, and a step.
The notation was a
little bit different,
because, in range, we had
open-close parentheses
and commas in between.
But except for that, this
sort of works the same.
The start is the
index, starting from 0,
from where you want to
slice into this string.
The stop is the stop index.
So you're going to go
up until stop minus 1
and take that index.
And then the step is how many
letters you wish to take.
So this is the
full notation here.
But sometimes, you
can not give it
a third sort of number in here.
So if you only give
it two numbers,
then, to Python, that represents
just the start and the stop.
And by default, step
is going to be 1.
And there's a lot of other
things you can do with strings.
You can omit numbers and
just leave colons in Python.
By definition, the way
that whoever wrote slicing
had decided, if
you omit numbers,
then it's going to be
equivalent to these things here.
So we slice using square
brackets, just like indexing.
Except now, we can
give it two numbers.
So with this string, s, if
we slice into the string s,
we start from index 3
and go up until index 6.
So if we have abcdefgh, this is
position 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7.
And you just count.
So s, starting from 3 and going
till 6, is going to start here,
3.
So it's going to come
up with-- sorry d.
And then we're going to take e.
And then we're going to take f.
And since we're going
until stop minus 1,
we're not going to take g.
Because this is position 6, and
we're going until 6 minus 1.
The next one here, 3, 6, 2
is going every other one.
So we start at 3, and then
we skip every other one,
so we go d but not e, and
then f, and then stop.
If you do s and then nothing
inside except colons,
notice that you're going
to have s, and then
nothing, and then colon,
nothing, colon, nothing.
So nothing for start, nothing
for stop, nothing for step.
And that's just going to value
it to the string, itself.
It's the same as 0 to the
length s going every step.
This one might
actually be useful.
It reverses the string
automatically for you.
So with this one
little line here,
you can get the
inverse of your string.
And that's equivalent to that.
So the minus 1 represents
starting from the end
and going back every letter.
And then this one's a little
bit more complicated but also
not too bad.
So as we're doing
these string slices,
again, if you're unsure
what something does,
just type it into Spider.
And you might be surprised.
You might not be.
But it's a good way
to check yourself,
to make sure you're
understanding what's happening.
One thing I want to
mention, and it's
good to keep this in
the back of your mind.
We're going to come
back to this as we
start talking about slightly
more complicated object types.
But strings are immutable.
So just keep this word
in the back of your mind
as we go through this class.
And what I mean by this is
that an actual string object,
once it's created,
cannot be modified.
This might not mean
anything right now.
But let me just draw
a little something.
Let's say I have this
string, s is equal to hello.
Remember, in the
first lecture, we
drew a diagram
sort of like this.
This is my memory.
I have this object "hello."
And this object, "hello" is
bound to this variable s.
So now I can access the object
"hello" using this variable s.
Now you might think, well, since
I could index into a string,
I might be able to just say
something like, s at position 0
is equal to y.
And that will just change
the little h into a y,
and I'll have a new object.
Well strings are immutable,
which means, in Python,
you're not actually
allowed to do this.
And it gives you an error
if you do try to do that.
If you want the variable s to
point to the string, Y-E-L-L-O,
you could just say s
is equal to Y-E-L-L-O.
Or you could do string
operations like this.
And this takes the y
and it concatenates it
to the string s,
all of the elements
starting from position
1, which is e, l, l, o.
So this makes Y-E-L-L-O.
Now internally,
what happens when
I write this line
is Python says,
OK, I'm going to break my
bond with this original object
"hello."
I'm going to bind
my string variable
s to the new object "yello."
and this other, old object
still is in memory somewhere.
But it's an entirely different
object that I've created here.
Again, it might not
mean anything right now,
but just keep this in
the back of your mind,
strings are immutable.
So the next thing I
want to talk about
is a little bit of
recap on for loops.
And we're going to see how
we can apply for loops, very
easily, to write very
nice, readable code when
dealing with strings.
So remember that for
loops had a loop variable.
My loop variable being this var,
here, in this particular case.
It can be anything you want.
And this variable, in
this particular case,
iterates over this sequence
of numbers, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
So the very first time through
the loop, var has a value of 0.
It does the expressions
in the loop.
As soon as they're done,
var takes the value 1.
It does all the
expressions in the loop.
And then var takes the value
2, and it does that all
the way up until 0, 1, 2.
And the last time it goes around
is with var is equal to 3.
And remember, we said that
we can customize our range
in order to start
from a custom value
to end at a different value
and to skip certain numbers.
So, so far, we've only
been using for loops
over a sequence of numbers.
But actually, for loops are a
lot more powerful than that.
You can use them to iterate
over any sequence of values
not just numbers
but also strings.
So here are two pieces of code,
this one and this one here.
These two pieces of code
both do the exact same thing.
To me, possibly to
you, this one looks
a lot more readable than this
one, just at a first glance.
If I were to read this one,
just using the keywords
and variables here, it would
sound like broken English.
But you could decipher
what I'm trying to say.
For a char in a string s,
if the char is equal to "i"
or a char is equal to "u,"
print "There is an i or a u."
It sounds weird, but
you could probably
tell what I was
trying to do here.
Whereas up here,
it's a little more
complicated to tell
what I'm doing.
You have to sort of think
about it a little bit.
For some index in
this range of numbers,
0 through the
length of the string
s, if s, at position index, is
an "i" or s at position index
is a "u" print, "There
is an i or a u."
Both of these codes just
go through the string s.
And if it encounters a
letter that's an i or a u,
it's just going to print
out this string here.
But this bottom one is
a lot more pythonic.
It's an actual word created
by the Python community.
And it just looks pretty, right?
You can tell what this
code's supposed to do.
Whereas this one is a little
bit harder to decipher.
So that's sort of an
illustration of a for loop
over a sequence of characters.
So char is going to be
a loop variable, still.
And the loop variable,
instead of iterating over
a set of numbers, it's going
to iterate over every character
in s, directly.
And char is going
to be a character.
It's going to be a letter.
So here's a more
complicated example.
I wrote this code a
couple of years ago.
And it was my attempt at
creating robot cheerleaders ,
because I needed
some motivation.
And then I googled, last
night, "robot cheerleaders,"
and was not disappointed.
Created this GIF.
It looks pretty cool.
And it looks like they
kind of stole my idea.
But that's fine.
So let's look at what this
code's supposed to do.
I'm going to run it.
I'm going to run it, and
then we'll go through it.
All right, it prints out,
"I will cheer for you!
Enter a word."
You know what, I like robots,
so I'll put in "ROBOTS."
How enthusiastic
am I about robots?
Let's say 6.
So what this is going to
print is-- it's a cheerleader,
right? "Give me an r, r." "Give
me an o, o." "Give me a b, b,"
and so on and so on.
"What does that spell?
ROBOTS."
And it's going to print it 6
times, because I'm 6 out of 10
enthusiastic about robots.
So that's pretty much what
that code's supposed to do.
And you can write it using
what we've learned so far.
Now let's go through
it a little bit.
And I'm going to show
you just how easy it
is to convert this code using
a for loop over characters.
Right now, what it does is
it asks the user for input,
so a word and a number.
And then it does this
thing, here, right?
First, it uses a while loop.
And second, it uses indexing.
And what tips you off
that it's using indexing
is it's using the square
bracket, here, into the word.
And obviously, it's
using a while loop.
And it has to first create
a counter, initialize it.
And then, down here, it's
going to increment it
inside the while loop.
If you remember,
that's sort of what
we need to do for while loops.
So it's going to start at 0,
and it's just basically going
to go through index i is
equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 4, which
is going to go all the way to
the end of the word, whatever
the user typed in, in
this case "ROBOTS."
It's going to get the
character at that position.
word at position i is
going to be a character.
This line here is just for the
cheerleading to make sense.
It's just to take
care of letters that
make sense to use an, right?
So give me a b, give me an b.
So give me an b does
not make sense, right?
So that's just
taking care of that.
And I'm using this
in keyword to check
whether the character-- so
the character, r, for example,
in robots-- is
inside an letters.
And an letters I've defined
up here, which is these
are all the letters
that make sense
to put an an before the letter.
So give me an r for
example, here, on the right.
And so if it makes sense to
use an before the letter,
use that, and otherwise
use just an a.
And after I'm done, I say,
"What does that spell?"
And then it's just a for loop
that goes times many times
and prints out the word
and the exclamation mark.
So this code might have been
a little bit more intuitive
if I rewrote it or
if I'd originally
written it with a for loop.
So this part here, the
while loop and indexing
and creating my
original counter,
we can get rid of that.
And we can replace it with
this, for char in word.
I'm originally using
char, so I can use char
as my loop variable again.
And simply, I'm just going to
iterate over the word, itself.
So now, instead of
having this mess here, I
have a one-liner that says,
for every character in my word,
do all this stuff here.
So that remains the same.
And then I don't even need to
increment a counter variable,
because I'm not using
while loops anymore.
I'm just using a for loop.
So the code becomes-- delete
that-- for char in word.
And then delete that.
And that does the
exact same thing.
And it's a lot more readable.
So this was our toolbox at
the beginning of this course.
We are two and half,
I guess, lectures in.
These are the things
we've added to it.
We know integer,
floats, Booleans.
We know a bit of string
manipulation, math operations.
We added, recently, these
conditionals and branching
to write slightly more
interesting programs.
And now we have loops,
for and while loops
to add interesting and
more complicated programs.
So with these, the second
part of this lecture
is going to be looking at
three different algorithms.
That's the sort of
computer science part
of this class, Introduction
to Computer Science
and Programming using Python.
Don't let the word
algorithm scare you.
They're not that complicated.
You just have to sort of
think a little bit about them.
And you'll be able to get them.
So we're going to look
at three algorithms, all
in the context of solving
one problem, which
is finding the cube root.
The first algorithm
is guess and check,
then we're going to look at
an approximation algorithm,
and then a bisection search.
So the first is the
guess and check method.
You might have done this,
in math, in high school.
The guess and check method
is also sometimes called
exhaustive enumeration.
And you'll see why.
So given a problem, let's say,
find the cube root of a number,
let's say you can guess a
starting value for a solution.
The guess and check
method works if you're
able to check if your
solution is correct.
So if your guess is
originally 0, you can say,
is 0 cubed equal to the
cube of whatever I'm trying
to find the cube root of?
So if I'm trying to
find the cube root of 8,
is 0 cubed equal to 8?
No.
So the solution is not correct.
If it's not correct,
guess another value.
Do it systematically
until you find a solution
or you've guessed all
the possible values,
you've exhausted all
of your search space.
So here's a very simple guess
and check code that finds
the cube root of a number.
So I'm trying to find
the cube root of 8.
So my cube is 8.
I'm going to have a
for loop that says,
I'm going to start from 0.
And I'm going to go
all the way up to--
So I'm going to start from 0
and go all the way up to 8.
For every one of these
numbers, I'm going to say,
is my guess to the power
of 3 equal to the cube 8?
And if it is, I'm going
to print out this message.
Pretty simple, however, this
code is not very user friendly,
right?
If the user wants to
find the cube root of 9,
they're not going to get
any output, because we never
print anything in
the case of the guess
not being a perfect cube.
or the cube not
being a perfect cube.
So we can modify the
code a little bit
to add two extra features.
The first is we're
going to be able to deal
with negative cubes,
which is kind of cool.
And the second is we're
going to tell the user,
if the cube is not
a perfect cube,
hey, this cube is
not a perfect cube.
So we're not going to
silently just fail,
because then the user
has some sort of feedback
on their input.
So let's step through this code.
We have, first of all, a
for loop just like before.
And we're going to go
through 0 to 8 in this case.
We're using the absolute
value, because we
might want to find the cube
root of negative numbers.
First thing we're doing
is doing this check here.
Instead of guessing whether
the guess to the power of 3
is equal to the
cube, we're going
to check if it's
greater or equal to,
and we're going to do that
for the following reason.
So if we're trying to
find the cube root of 8,
for example, versus a
cube root of 9-- this is 8
and this is 9-- what is
this code going to do?
It's going to first guess 0.
0 cubed is not
greater or equal to 8.
1 cubed is not
greater or equal to 8.
2 cubed is greater
or equal to 8,
so here, once we've guessed
2, we're going to break.
Because we found a
number that works.
And there's no need
to keep looking.
Once we've found the cubed
root of this number 8,
there's no need to keep
searching the remainder, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8.
Sort of the same idea
when we're trying
to find the cube root of 9.
We're going to start with 0.
0 to the power of
3 is less than 9.
1 to the power of 3 is less 9.
2 to the power of
3 is less than 9.
When we get to 3
to the power of 3,
that's going to
be greater than 9.
So this code tells
us, once we've
picked a number that's
beyond the reasonable number
of our cubed root, of our cube,
the cubed root of our cube,
then we should stop.
Because, again, it doesn't
make sense to keep searching.
Because if 3 to the power of
3 is already greater than 9,
4 to the power of 3 is also
going to be greater than 9
and so on.
So once we break here, we
either have guess being 2
or guess being 3 depending on
what cube we're trying to find.
And if the guess to the power
or 3 is not equal to the cube,
then, obviously, the cube
was not a perfect cube.
So that's this case
here, if we were looking
at at the cube root of 9.
And otherwise, this
part here just looks
at whether we should make it
a positive or a negative cube.
So if our original cube
was less than 0, then,
obviously, the cube root
of a negative number
is going to be a
negative number,
and, otherwise,
it's just our guess.
So that's the guess
and check method,
slightly more
feature-rich program
for guessing the cube root.
But that only tells us the
cube root of perfect cubes
and doesn't really give
us anything else, any more
information.
So sometimes, you might
want to say, well,
I don't care that 9
is not a perfect cube,
just give me a
close enough answer.
So that's where approximate
solutions come in.
So this is where we're OK with
having a good enough solution.
So in order to do
that, we're going
to start with a guess
and then increment that
guess by some small value.
Start from 0 and start
incrementing by 0.001
and just go upwards from there.
And at some point, you might
find a good enough solution.
In this program, we're going to
keep guessing as long as we're
not close enough.
And close enough is going
to be given by this epsilon
value in the program.
So as long as the guess cubed
minus the cube-- so how far
away are we from
the actual answer--
is greater than some
epsilon, keep guessing,
because the solution
is not good enough.
But once this is
less than epsilon,
then we've reached a
good enough solution.
So two things to note with
approximate solutions.
So you can get more
accurate answers
if your step size is
really, really small.
If you're incrementing
by 0.0001,
you're going to get a really
good approximate solution,
but your program
will be a lot slower.
Same sort of idea with epsilon,
you can change epsilon.
If you change epsilon
to be a bigger epsilon,
you're sacrificing
accuracy, but you're
going to reach a
solution a lot faster.
So here's the code for the
approximate solution of a cube
root.
It might look
intimidating, but, look,
almost half this code is
just initializing variables.
So we're initializing,
this is the cube
we want to find
the cube root of.
We pick an epsilon of this.
We start with a guess of 0.
We start with an
increment of 0.0001.
And just for fun, let's keep
track of the number of guesses
that it takes us to
get to the answer.
This is similar to the
guess and check from before.
It's not similar.
Well this part is similar to
the guess and check from before.
So we're going to take the
guess to the power of 3
minus the cube, right?
So that's how far away are
we from the actual answer?
And we're going to
say, if that's not good
enough-- so if
we're still greater
than or equal to the
epsilon-- then keep guessing.
So we're going to be
stuck in this loop, where
we keep guessing
values, until we've
reached a guess
that's good enough,
so until we're
less than epsilon.
And way we keep guessing
is just with this line,
right here, which says,
increment my guess
by increment, and increment
being this really small value.
That make sense?
So I'm going to
keep incrementing
my guess by that small value.
Before I go on, I'm
going to run the code.
And we're going to discover
a small issue with it.
So with 27, we're
going to run it.
Perfect, it took me 300 guesses.
But 2.99999 is close
to the cube root of 27.
We can find the cube
root of this guy here.
And it took me 20,000
guesses, but I figured out
that 200.99999, so 201,
is close to the cube
root of that large number.
I should have done this.
This is going to be
a giveaway, you guys.
Sorry.
Then we're going
to have-- let's say
I want to try cube of 10,000.
So 10,000 is not a perfect cube.
So we can run the code.
And with 8,120,601 I had
already gotten an answer.
But with 10,000, I'm not
getting an answer yet, right?
So I'm thinking that there
might be something wrong.
So I'm going to stop my code.
So I just hit Control C,
because I feel like I've
entered an infinite loop.
And, in fact, I have.
So what ended up happening
is this problem here.
So I'm going to draw something.
According to the code,
I'm going to start from 0,
and I'm going to increment
my guesses, like that.
With every little increment,
I'm going to make a new guess.
I'm going to take that
guess to the power of 3.
I'm going to subtract
the cube, and I'm
going to figure out if
I'm less than epsilon.
This is the epsilon that I want
to be in, this little bit here.
So with every new
guess, I might be,
maybe-- so this is
where I want to be,
within this little
boundary here.
With every new guess,
I might be here.
With the next guess, over
here, I might be here.
When I make another
guess, I might be here.
So I'm getting close to
being within epsilon.
But maybe with my
next guess, I'm
going to hop over my epsilon and
have made too big of a guess.
So just because of
the way the numbers
were chosen in this example,
just to illustrate this,
using an increment of 0.01, a
with finding the cube of 10,000
and epsilon of 0.1, it
turns out that, as I'm
doing all these
calculations, I'm
going to skip over this perfect
sort of epsilon difference.
So first, I'm going
to be too small.
And then I'm going
to be too large.
And once I've become too large
or too far away from epsilon,
the guesses I continue
to make are just
going to be even farther
away from epsilon.
And I'm not going
to get to my answer.
And that's why I've reached
an infinite loop in this code.
All I'm doing in
this code is checking
whether my guess cube minus
cube is less than epsilon.
The only thing I
need to do here is
sort of add this
little clause, here,
that says, oh, by the way, also
check that I'm less than cube.
Because this is just like we
did in the very first program,
when I'm checking 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
when I'm trying to find
the cube root of 8.
Once I've reached 8,
I'm going to stop.
And it's the same thing here.
So I just added
this little clause
that says, well,
while I'm greater
than or equal to
epsilon and I'm still
less than the actual
cube, just keep searching.
But once I've reached the
cube, then stop searching.
And with 10,000,
you can see that I
failed to actually find-- so
that's what this part, here,
does.
It tells me I've
failed to find the cube
root with those
particular parameters.
The last thing we're going to
look at is bisection search.
And to illustrate this, I'm
going to need one volunteer.
And you're going to
play a game with me
in front of the whole class.
And there will be a prize.
There go the hands.
In the blue shirt, right there.
Cool.
So the prize is going
to be, once again, this.
I promise I don't have millions
of these, Google glasses.
I also don't work for Google.
I just happened to get a couple.
So the game is this.
I'm going to ask you to pick
a number, a whole number,
between 0 and 100.
And I'm going to
try to guess it.
And you need to
make it hard for me.
And you need to make it so hard
for me that I cannot guess it
within 10 guesses.
And if you can do that, if
I cannot guess it within 10
guesses, you get this.
And I'm going to draw out
what I do as we go along.
So do you have your number?
Yes?
AUDIENCE: Yeah.
ANA BELL: Perfect.
Let me erase that.
Actually, I should've
probably kept that,
because I'll still use it.
There's the numbers, 0 to 100.
Is your number 50?
AUDIENCE: No.
ANA BELL: 50 Was my guess.
So I've made one guess.
Is your number higher
or lower than 50?
AUDIENCE: Higher.
ANA BELL: Higher.
Is your number-- my next
guess is going to be 75.
And the reason I'm guessing 75
is because-- what's your name?
AUDIENCE: Sophie.
ANA BELL: What's that?
AUDIENCE: Sophie.
ANA BELL: Sophie.
Sophie said, 50 was too low.
So I immediately know that it
cannot be any less than 50.
So I've already eliminated
half of the numbers.
So my next guess is 75.
Is your number 75?
Is your number lower or higher?
AUDIENCE: Higher.
ANA BELL: Since it's higher,
I'm eliminating this half here.
Is your number-- so
between 75 and 100.
Oh, boy, you're
putting me on the spot.
What's that?
AUDIENCE: 87.
ANA BELL: 87, thank you.
87?
AUDIENCE: No.
ANA BELL: Higher or lower?
AUDIENCE: Lower.
ANA BELL: Lower.
So since it's lower, I'm
eliminating that half.
Is your number 81?
Higher or lower?
AUDIENCE: Lower.
ANA BELL: So she said, lower,
so I'm eliminating that half.
Is your number 78?
Oh, boy, that's really hard.
78, OK.
Higher or lower?
AUDIENCE: Lower.
ANA BELL: Is your number 76?
AUDIENCE: Yeah.
ANA BELL: Yay.
All right, perfect,
76 was the number.
So how many guesses have I made?
One, two, three, four, five,
six-- I made six guesses.
So I did get it under 10.
But you know what?
The game was rigged.
So you get the prize anyway,
just because I rigged the game.
Here you go.
Pass it down.
AUDIENCE: Thank you.
ANA BELL: Thank you.
So notice, in bisection
search, what I did was I
eliminated half the search
space with every guess.
I said, well, she said
it's higher or lower,
so I definitely cannot be in
the other search space, right?
If I was doing approximate
solution or, in this case,
guess and check, I would be
asking Sophie, is your number
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on?
So with guess and check,
it would have taken me
76 guesses to get to the number,
whereas, with this bisection
search, that I just
did, it only took me 6.
Isn't that cool?
So that means that the
larger the space actually
is, that I need to
search, the better it
is to use bisection search,
this bisection search method.
So that's basically what
I'm illustrating here.
So we have our
original search space.
We're going to choose a
guess halfway, eliminate
half of the guesses.
Then we're going look in
the remaining interval,
eliminate half the guesses,
and so on and so on.
So then this is the code
for bisection search.
Also looks intimidating,
but it's not so bad.
So we're initializing a
bunch of stuff up here.
The most important couple
of things we're initializing
are, first of all, this high
and this low boundaries.
So with the guessing game,
the low boundary was 0,
and the high boundary was 100.
When we're looking
at the cube root,
the low boundary
is going to be 0,
and the high boundary is
going to be just my cube,
because a guess to the power
of 3 cannot be any greater than
cube.
And then, I'm just going
to do the same procedure
that I did with the
guessing game, which
is I'm going to make my
guess, be halfway in between.
So with this guessing game,
I had to sort of choose,
if there were four
numbers in between,
should I go higher or lower?
Well, when we're doing
by bisection search,
here, we don't care about that.
We're just going to do
floating point division,
because we want decimal numbers.
So I have a low boundary
and a high boundary.
And I figured out
my halfway point.
Then I have this
while loop here.
A while loop is similar to the
approximation method, where,
as long as I don't have a
guest that's good enough--
so this, depicted by
this greater or equal
to epsilon-- as long as my
guess is not good enough,
I'm going to keep guessing.
That's what this
while loop is saying.
So if the guess to the
power of 3 minus cube
is not good enough,
keep guessing.
And the way I keep guessing
is this part, here,
says, my guess was too low.
So if my guess was too
low, set the low boundary
to be the guess.
Because I don't care about
all of the other numbers
that are much lower than me.
So set the low to be the guess.
That's what that line is doing.
And otherwise, my
guess was too high.
That's what this else is doing.
So set the high to be
the guess, because I
don't care about numbers
any higher than my guess.
Once I have these
new boundaries,
I make another
guess, again, halfway
in between the new
boundary points.
So essentially, I'm
just halving my interval
with every single guess.
And that's what the
while loop is doing.
And then I print out
the remaining part.
So notice the search
space originally being N,
we're halving it
with each guess.
So the first guess
divides it by 2,
the second guess divides
it by 4, and so on.
So by the time we get
to the k-th guess,
N/2k, the k-th guess, let's say
that's the actual answer we're
interested in.
There's only one value
in that little interval.
And that's the answer we want.
So 2 to the k is
equal to N. And then
how many guesses did we make?
k is equal to log
base 2 of N. So when
we are playing the guessing
game of 100, my end was 100.
Log base 2 of 100 is
6.-something, I think.
So in fact, I could
have said, if I
don't guess it
within seven guesses,
you would have won as well.
So that's why the
game was rigged.
So the guess,
notice, it converges
on the order of
log base N instead
of just linearly in terms of N.
So that's why it's so powerful.
One last thing I
want to mention is
the code I showed only
works for positive cubes.
And that's because
of the following.
So I have this 0 and 1.
Let's say I'm trying to
find the cube root of 0.5.
When I first set my initial
boundaries, my low is this one,
and my high is this one.
But what's the cube root of 0.5?
Is it within this boundary or
is it outside this boundary?
AUDIENCE: Outside the boundary.
ANA BELL: I heard, outside.
It's like 0.7 something.
So it's out here.
So with this
particular code, I'm
going to be halving my interval
in between those numbers,
but I'll never get to an answer.
Because the actual cube root
of 0.5, or numbers less than 1,
is going to be
outside that boundary.
So there's a small change you
can make to the program, which
will fix that.
And that's in the code.
I didn't put it in, but it's a
very small change, a small if
statement.
So that's it.
All right, thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
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All right. Hey, everyone. Welcome back.
Um, so let's continue our discussion today of reinforcement learning and MDPs.
And specifically, what I hope you learned from
today is how to apply reinforcement learning,
um, even to continuous state or infinite state MDPs.
Um, so we'll talk about discretization, model-based RL,
we'll talk about models/simulation and fitted value iteration is the main algorithm,
um, I want to lead up to for today.
Um, just to recap.
Because we're gonna build on what we had learned, uh,
in the last two lectures,
I wanna make sure that you have the notation fresh in your mind.
Um, MDP was states,
actions, transition probabilities, discount factor reward. That was an example.
Um, V Pi was the value function for a policy Pi which is the expected payoff.
If you execute that policy starting from
a state S and V star was the optimal value function.
And last time, we figured out that if you know what is V star,
then uh, Pi star,
the optimal policy or the optimal action for a given state,
can be computed as the argmax of that, right?
Um, and, uh, one, one,
one thing though we'll come back to later is,
uh, an equivalent way of writing that formula,
is that this is the expectation with respect to S prime drawn from
P_sa of V star of S prime, right?
So when we go to, uh, er, er,
we've been, we have been working with discrete state MDPs with an 11 state MDP.
So this is the sum over all the states S prime.
But when we have- when we go to continuous state MDPs,
the generalization of this or what this becomes-
this is the expected value with respect to
S prime drawn from the state transition probabilities here with- of,
uh, index Pi_sa, covers state, covers that action of the value that you attain in the future.
So V star of S prime.
Okay? Um, and then we saw the value iteration algorithm.
We're also- so we talked about valuation policy iteration.
But today, uh, we're built on value iteration,
but the value iteration algorithm uses Bellman's equations, uh,
which says, take the left-hand side,
set it to the right-hand side, right?
And, uh, for, for V star,
if V was equal to V star of the left-hand side is equal to the right-hand side,
that was, um, oh, I'm sorry.
It's missing a max there.
Right? Um, for- if V was equal to V star,
then the left-hand side and the right-hand side will be equal to each other.
But, uh, what value iteration does is an algorithm that initializes V of S as
0 and repeatedly carries its update until V converges to V star.
And after that, you can then, um,
compute Pi star or find for every state find,
the optimal action A.
Okay? So um, because we're gonna build on this notation and this set of ideas today,
I just want to make sure all this makes sense, right?
Any questions about that before we move on?
No? Okay. Cool. All right.
So, um, no?
No. Okay. So everything we've done so far was built
on the MDP having a finite set of states.
Right? So with the 11 state MDP,
S was a discrete set of states.
Um, last time on Monday,
I think somebody asked, "Well,
how do you deal with continuous states?"
So we'll, we'll, we'll work on that today.
But, uh, let's say you want to build a, um,
[NOISE] uh, let me draw a car.
Right? Let's say you want to build a ar,
you know, maybe a self-driving car.
Right? Um, ah, the state space of a car is, um, let's see.
I'm gonna- well, instead of taking the- my artistic side view of the car,
if you take a top-down view of a car.
Right? So this is from the satellite imagery, you know,
top-down view of a car where we have two views of the car heading this way.
Um, how do you model the state of a car, right?
Well, a common way to model the state of a car that's driving around on planet Earth,
is that you need to know the position.
Right? Um, and so that can be represented as x,
y, uh, two numbers represent,
you know, longitude or latitude or or something.
Right? Um, you probably want to know the, uh,
orientation of a car by maybe measured relative to North,
you know, what's the orientation of [NOISE] the car?
Um, and then it turns out if you're driving at very low speeds, this is fine.
But if you're driving at anything other than very low speeds, then, um,
[NOISE] we'll often include in the state-space,
also the velocities and angular velocity.
So x dot is the velocity in the x direction.
So x dot is dx, dt.
Right? Or it's the velocity and acceleration, y dot.
So velocity in y direction and Theta dot is the angular velocity,
the rate at which your car is turning.
Okay? And it's sort of, um,
up to you, how you want to model the car,
is it important to model the current angle of the steering wheel,
is it important to model how worn down is your front
left tire as opposed to how worn down is your, your right tire.
So depending on the application you are building,
is up to you to decide what is the,
um, state-based- state-space you want to use to model this car,
um, and I guess- and, and if you are building a car to,
to, to race in a racetrack,
maybe it is important to model what is the temperature of the [NOISE] engine and how,
you know, worn down is each of your four tires separately.
But for a lot of normal driving, uh, this would be,
uh, uh, you know, sufficient level of detail to model the state-space.
Okay? Um, but so this is a, uh, six-dimensional,
uh, um, so this is a,
uh, six-dimensional state-space representation.
Oh, and for those that work in robotics, uh,
that would be called the kinematic model of the car,
and that would be the dynamics model of the car.
Right? If, if you want to model their velocities as well.
Um, or let's see actually, all right.
How about a helicopter?
Right? I don't know.
I hope this is a helicopter. All right.
Ah, the states- how, how,
how do you model a state-space of a helicopter?
Helicopter flies around in 3D rather than drives around in 2D.
And so common way to model the state-space helicopter would be to
model it as-
[NOISE]
having a position x, y, z.
Um, and then also, a 3D orientation of a helicopter is usually modeled with,
uh, three numbers which we sometimes call the roll, pitch, and yaw.
Right? So you're- if, if,
if you're in an airplane roll is that you are rolling to left or right,
pitch is are you pitching up and down,
and yaw is, you know, are you facing North,
South, East or West, right?
So there's one way to turn the three dimensional orientation
of an object like an airplane or a helicopter into three numbers.
So, so, uh, er,
the, the details aren't important.
And if you actually work on a helicopter, you would figure this out.
But for today's purposes it's just- right, uh,
I- I guess the [NOISE] roll, pitch, yaw.
Right? But that, uh, um, to represent the, uh,
orientation of a three-dimensional object flying around,
this is conventionally represented with three numbers,
uh, such as roll, pitch and yaw.
Um, and then [NOISE] x dot, y dot,
z dot, Phi dot,
Theta dot, Psi dot.
They're linear velocity and the, um, angular velocity.
Okay? Um, [NOISE] maybe just one last example.
So it turns out in, in,
in reinforcement learning, uh,
maybe early, early history of reinforcement learning,
one of the problems that a lot of people just happened to work on, um,
uh, and, and, and therefore,
you'd see in a lot reinforcement learning textbooks,
there's something called the inverted pendulum problem.
But what that is, is a little toy, um,
which is a little cart,
that's on wheels, that's on a track, um,
and you have a little pole that is attached to this cart and there's a
free [NOISE] swivel there, right?
Uh, and so this pole just flops over or
this poll just swings freely and there's no motor,
uh, there's no motor at this- at this little hinge there.
[NOISE] And so the inverted pendulum problem is- see that I've prepared this.
Right? Is- [LAUGHTER] no.
I've always prepared this.. If, if, if you have, uh,
if you have a free pole and if this is your cart moving left and right,
the inverted pendulum problem is, you know,
can you, if you see it swivel,
can you kind of balance that, right?
[LAUGHTER] Um, and so,
uh, one of the- so common textbook examples of, uh,
um, reinforcement learning is, uh,
can you choose actions over time to move
this left and right so as to keep the pole oriented upward?
Right? And so for a problem like this, um,
if you have a linear rail just a one-dimensional, you know,
like a railway track that this cart is on,
the state-space would be x which is the,
uh, position of the cart.
Um, [NOISE] Theta which is the, ah,
orientation of the pole as was x dot and Theta dot.
Right? So this would be a
four-dimensional state-space for the- for the inverted pendulum if,
if it's like running left and right on
a railway track- on a one-dimensional railway track, right?
Um, all right.
Cool. So, uh,
for all of these problems,
if you want to build, you know,
a self-driving car and have it do something or, um,
build an autonomous helicopter [NOISE] and have it either hover stably or
fly a trajectory or keep the pole upright in inverted pendulum.
These are examples of robotics problems where you would
model the state space as a continuous state-space.
So what I wanna do today is focus on problems where the state-space [NOISE] is, um, R_n.
So n-dimensional set of row numbers.
And in these examples,
I guess n would be 4 or 6 or 12.
Right? Oh, and, uh, again,
for the- for the mathematicians in this class, technically,
uh, angles are not real numbers because they wrap around,
and they only go to 360, and then they wrap around to 0.
But I think for the purposes of today,
uh, that's not important.
So we just treat this as R_n.
Oh, yeah. Okay. [NOISE].
[NOISE] So [NOISE] all right.
Um, so the most straight- straightforward way-
[NOISE] the most straightforward way
to work with a continuous state space is discretization where,
um, you know, you might have in this example a two-dimensional state-space,
maybe, ah, x and Theta for the inverted pendulum.
And then you just lay down the cell or grid values, right?
And discretize it back to a- a discrete state problem.
Ah, and so, you know,
so you can give the states a set of names, one, two, three, four,
whatever and anywhere within that little square you just
pretend that your MDP in the robot is in state number 1.
So this takes a continuous state problem and turns it back to a discrete state problem.
Um, this is such a simple straightforward way to do it.
Ah, this is actually reasonable to do for small problems.
Um, and if you have
a relatively small low dimensional states MDP like an inverted pendulum problem,
you know, four-dimensional, it's actually perfectly
fine to discretize the state 3 and solve it this way.
Ah, let me describe some disadvantages of discretization first.
And then- and then we chat a little bit about when you should just
use discretization because even though it's not the best algorithm,
it works fine for smaller problems.
But for bigger problems,
we'll have to go to more sophisticated algorithms like fitted value iteration, okay?
But, um, so what are the problems with discretization, right?
Well first, actually this marker is-
[NOISE] this is a very-
you know there's kind of a naive representation,
ah, for, ah, V_star,
ah, and Pi_star, right?
Which is- you know,
remember the very first problem we talked about,
ah, predicting housing crisis?
Um, imagine if x was the size of a house,
and the vertical axis was the price of a house, ah,
and you have a dataset that looked like this, [NOISE] all right?
Discretization is the- the- the discretization equivalent of trying
to fit a function as data would be to look for the input feature and,
um, you know let's discretize it into Phi values.
And for each of these little buckets in- in each of these five intervals,
let's fit a constant function,
right, or something like that, right?
So this staircase would be how,
you know, discretization will represent the price of a house as a function of the size.
Um, and the analogy is that what
we're doing in reinforcement learning is we want to approximate the value function.
And if you were to discretize it then,
um, on the x-axis is maybe the state.
And now, I'm down to one-dimensional state, right?
Cause that's where I can plot.
And you are saying that, well,
let's approximate the value function, you know,
as a- as a staircase function,
as a function of the set of states, right?
And you know- and this is not terrible.
If you have a lot of data and very few input features,
you can get away with this. This will work, okay?
But, it- it- it- it doesn't,
it doesn't seem to s- allow you to fit a smoother function, right?
Um, so that's one downside.
It's just not a very good representation.
Um, and the second downside is the, ah, dimensionality.
All right. Some- somewhat fancifully named cursive dimensionality,
which is, ah, and Richard Bellman had given this name, and this is a cool sounding name.
But, what it means is that if, um,
the state space is in R_n, um, and discretize,
you know, each dimension into k values,
then you get k_n discrete states, right?
So if we discretize, ah,
position and orientation into 10 values which is quite small,
then you end up with you know 10-n states which
grows exponentially and in the dimensional state space n. So, um,
discretization works fine if you have relatively low dimensional problems,
like two-dimensions, no problem,
four dimensions maybe it's okay.
But they were very high-dimensional state spaces.
Ah, this is- this is not a good- this is not a good representation, right?
And, um, it turns out the cursive dimensionality- to take a slight aside
from continuous state spaces because dimensionality also
applies for very large discrete state MDPs.
So for example, one of the places people have
applied reinforcement learning is in factory optimization, right?
So we have a factory with 100 machines in a factory
and if every machine in the factory is doing something slightly different, um,
then if you have 100 machines in a giant factory, ah,
each- and each machine can be in k different states,
then the total number of states of your factory is,
um, k to the power of 100, right?
And so even if- so- so cursive dimensionality also
applies to very large discrete state spaces such as if you have a factory,
with 100 machines, and then your total state space becomes k to the 100.
Um, and it turns out that for this to have a discrete state space,
ah, fitted value iteration can be a much better algorithm as well.
We'll get to fitted evaluation in a little bit, okay?
So, um, let's see.
So some practical- so, ah,
now despite all this criticism of digitalization
if you have a small state space there's a simple method,
ah, to try to apply, you know.
And- and if- if you have a very small state space,
go ahead and discretize it if you want
quick things to try and just get something working.
Ah, so let me share with you some maybe guidelines.
Ah, this is- this is how I do it I guess, right?
If you have a, you know,
two-dimensional state space or
three dimensional state space, it's no problem, just discretize.
Of usually for a lot of problems,
uh, it's just fine.
Um, if you have maybe a 4-6 dimensional state space,
um, you know, I would think about it,
ah, and it will still often work.
So for the inverted pendulum which is four-dimensional state space,
it works just fine.
Um, I've had some friends work on, ah,
trying to, ah, drive a old bicycle, right?
Which you can model as a six-dimensional state space, ah,
and you know discretization it- it kind of
works as it- it- it works if you put some work into it.
Ah, one of the tricks you want to use as you approach
the 4-6 dimensional state space range is,
ah, choose your discretization more carefully.
So for example, if the state S2 is really important.
So if you think the- the actions you need to take or the value of
the performance is really sensitive to the state S2 and less in the state S1,
then, um, in this range people end up designing, um,
unequal discretizations where you might discretize S2 much more finely than S1, right?
And- and the reason you do that is, ah,
the number of states, the number of discrete states is now blowing up exponentially.
Something to the power of 4, something to the power of 6.
And these tricks allow you to just reduce
a little bit the number of discrete states you end up having to model.
Um, I think, you know,
if you have a 7-8 dimensional problem,
ah, I- that- that's pushing it.
That's when I would kind of be nervous, and- and,
you know, be increasingly inclined to not use discretization.
I personally rarely used discretization for problems that are eight-dimensional.
Ah, and then when your problems that are even higher-dimensional than this.
You know like 9, 10,
and higher than I would very seriously consider,
um, ah, an algorithm that does not discretize.
Very rare, um, to use discretization for- for problems this high.
Even seven to eight is quite rare.
I've seen it done in rare occasions
but- but- and- and - and these things get worse exponentially, right?
With the number of dimensions.
So maybe there's a set of guidelines for when to use
discretization and when to seriously consider doing something else.
All right. So, um,
in the alternative approach that you see today, ah,
what you will be able to do is to approximate V star
directly without resorting to discretization, okay?
And, um, uh, there'll be an analogy that will make later,
uh, just, you know alluding to this plot again.
Right, so this analogy between linear regression where you're trying to approximate
y as a function of X and value iteration,
where you're trying to learn or approximate V as a function of s. Right, that's v star.
Which is that in linear regression, um,
you say let's approximate X as a linear function of y, right, um,
or if you don't want to use the roll features y, ah,
what you can do is,
um, use, you know,
theta transpose, theta transpose phi, oh,
I'm sorry, got that totally mixed up.
Right, where phi of X is the features of x, ah, so if, um, ah, right?
So this is what linear regression does where if X is
your housing price then maybe phi of X is equal to,
you know, X_1, X_2,
X_1 squared, X_1, X_2 and so on, right?
So that's how, that's how you can use
linear regression to approximate the price of a house,
either as a function of the raw features or as a function of some,
you know, slightly more sophisticated, slightly more complex set of features of the house.
And what, we will- what,
what you see in, um,
fitted value iteration is a model where we will approximate v star of s as,
um, a linear function of features of the state.
Okay? So that's the algorithm we'll build up to.
And, uh, um, uh,
yeah we're going to try to use linear regression with a lot
of modifications to approximate the value function.
Okay? And, and, and again in reinforcement learning in value iteration, um, the,
the- your goal is to find a good approximation to
the value function because once you have that you can then use,
you know, the equation we had earlier to
compute the optimal action for every state, right?
So, so we just focused on computing the value function.
Now in order to derive the fitted value iteration algorithm, um,
it turns out that, uh, um,
fits it value iteration, um,
works best with a model with simulator of the MDP.
So let me describe what that means and
how you get the model and then we'll talk about how you can
actually you implement the fitted value iteration algorithm
and have it work on these types of problems.
Okay?
All right.
So, um, what a model of a or
a simulator of your robot is- is just a function that takes as input
a state, takes as inputs an action and it outputs
the next state S prime drawn from the state transition probabilities.
Okay? Um, and the way that a model is built,
um, is that, um, uh,
the states and the actions,
uh, above, uh, uh, and,
and let's see, and the way the model is built is the state is just a row value vector.
Okay? Oh, and, um,
I think for simplicity, uh,
for now let's assume that the action space is discrete.
Um, it turns out that for a lot of MDPs,
the state space can be very high dimensional,
and the action space is much lower-dimensional than the state space.
Uh, so for example for a car, you know,
S is, uh, uh, six-dimensional.
But the space of actions is just two dimensional, right?
The steering and braking.
Uh, It turns out for a helicopter you know the state space is 12-dimensional.
And I guess you probably mostly, I wouldn't expect
you to know how a helicopter flies but it turns out there you have, uh,
four-dimensional actions in a helicopter.
The way you fly a helicopter is you have two control sticks,
so your left hand and your right hand you can move,
uh, uh, has two-dimensions of control.
And for the inverted pendulum, I guess,
the state space is 4D and the action spaces is just 1D, right?
You move left or right.
So you actually see in a lot, um,
reinforcing learning problems that it's quite common
for the state-space to be much higher dimensional than the action space.
And so, um, let's say for now
that we do not want to discretize the state space because it's too high dimensional.
But just for the sake of simplicity let's say
we discretize the action space for now, right?
Which is, which is usually much easier to do.
But I think as we develop fitted value integration as well, uh,
we'll- we'll you might- you'll get hints of
when maybe you don't need to discretize your action space either,
but let's just say we have a discrete,
discrete action space for now.
Okay?
So, all right
so how do you get a model, right?
Um, one way to
build a model is to use a physics simulator.
So, um, you know in the case of an inverted pendulum, right?
It turns out that, uh, uh,
well the action is what's the acceleration you apply to
either positive or negative or to the, to accelerate to the left or the right.
Then it turns out that,
um, uh, let's see,
so the state space is four-dimensional, right, and it turns out that, um,
if you sort of flip open a- a physics textbook Newtonian mechanics, uh,
if you know the weight of the car,
the weight of the pole,
um, uh, uh, yeah I think that's it actually.
If you know the mass of the car and the mass of the pole,
uh, and the length of the pole,
it turns out you can derive equations about what is the velocity, right?
So it turns out S dot is equal,
you know, don't- don't worry about this.
Think of the math as decoration rather than something you need to learn where,
you know, L is the length of the pole,
M is the mass of one of these things actually don't worry about it.
M is the pole mass, uh,
A is the force extended and so on.
Um, uh and, and a conventional physics textbook will,
will, kind of let you derive these equations, uh, or,
or rather than trying to derive this yourself using, uh, uh, you know,
either yourself using Newtonian mechanics or finding the help of a physicist friend, uh,
there are also a lot of, um, uh,
open source, uh, physics simulators and software packages.
Where you can download an open source simulator plug in the dimensions
and mass and so on of your system, and then they'll spit out of the simulator like this.
It tells you how the state evolves from one time step to another time step.
All right, and so- but so in this example the simulator would say that,
um, S prime is equal to S plus,
you know, Delta t times I guess,
uh, times S dot,
where Delta t could be lets say 0.1 seconds, right?
So you want to simulate this at 10 hertz, uh,
so that 10, 10 updates per second so that
the time difference between the current state and
the next state is one-tenth of a second.
Then you write a simulator like this.
Okay? Um, and, but- and, and really,
the most common way to do this is not to actually derive the, um, uh,
physics update equations and the most common way to do this is to just
download one or the open source physics engines, right?
So, um, this will work okay for,
uh, problems like the inverted pendulum.
Um, I once used a sort of physics engines to build
a simulator for a four-legged robot and manage to used
reinforcement learning to get a four-legged robot to walk around, right?
So it, it, it works.
Although um, um,
the second way to get a model is to learn it from data.
All right, and I, I personally end up using this much more often.
So, um, here's what I mean.
There actually- let's say you want to build a,
uh, controller for an autonomous helicopter, right?
So, so really, this is a case study.
And what I'm describing is real,
like this will actually work, right?
Uh, let's say you wanna build, uh, uh,
let's say you haven't- let's say you have
a helicopter and you want to build an autonomous controller for it.
What you can do is, um,
start your helicopter off in some state S0, right?
So with, uh, GPS accelerometers, magnetic compass,
you can just measure the position and orientation of
the helicopter and then have a human pilot,
fly the helicopter around.
So the human pilot, [NOISE] you know,
using control sticks, will move the helicopter.
They'll, they'll, they'll command the helicopter with some action A0,
and then a 10th of a second later,
[NOISE] the helicopter will get to
some slightly different position and orientation as one.
And then the human pilot, you know,
will just keep on moving the control sticks, uh,
and rec- so you record down what actions they are taken, A1.
And based on that, the helicopter [NOISE] will get to some new state S2,
and then they will [NOISE] take some action A2,
[NOISE] that get to some state S3,
[NOISE] and so on.
And, and [NOISE] let me just write this as S_T, right?
So in other words, what you do is, uh,
take the helicopter out to the field and hire a human pilot to fly this thing
for a while and record the position of the helicopter 10 times a second,
and also record all the actions that human pilot was taking on the control stick.
Okay. Um, and then do this not just one time,
but do this m times.
So let me use, uh, superscript 1.
[NOISE] Or you get the idea.
All that, great. Uh, to denote the first, uh, trajectory.
So you do this a second time, [NOISE] right?
And so on and, and, uh,
maybe do this m times, right?
So ba- thi- this is just a lot of math that's saying fly the helicopter around,
you know, m times, right?
And then record everything that happened.
And now, um, your goal is to apply, [NOISE] uh,
supervised learning, [NOISE] right?
To estimate S_t plus
1 as a function of S_t [NOISE] and A_t, right?
So the job of the model- the job of the simulator is to
take as input the current state and the current action,
[NOISE] and tell you where the helicopter is gonna go,
you know, the- like 0.1 seconds later.
And so, um, given all this data,
what you can do is apply a supervised learning algorithm to predict
wha- what is the next state S prime as a function of the current state and action, right?
And, and the other notation as [NOISE] in,
in when I drew that box for the simulator above,
I was using S prime to denote S_t plus 1 and,
uh, S and a, right?
So that's the mapping between the notations.
Um, and so [NOISE] if you use the linear regression version
[NOISE] of this idea,
um, you will say,
[NOISE] let's approximate S_t plus 1 as a linear function of the previous state,
plus another linear function of the previous state.
Um, and it turns out this actually works okay for helicopters flying at slow speeds.
This is actually not a terrible model, if, uh,
if your helicopter is moving slowly,
uh, and, and, and not flying upside down.
If, if your helicopter is flying in a relatively level way at kind of a slow speed,
this model is not too bad.
[NOISE] Um, if you're flying a helicopter in a highly dynamic situations, flying very fast,
making a very fast aggressive turn,
then this is not a great model but this is actually okay for slow speeds, right?
Um, and so I
guess A here will be,
uh, n by n matrix because,
uh, the state space is n-dimensional, you know, uh, uh,
so A is a square matrix and B,
um, will usually be a tall skinny matrix I guess,
whereas the dimension of B is
the dimension of the state space by the dimension of the action space.
Okay? [NOISE] And so,
um, in order to fit the parameters a and b,
[NOISE] you would minimize with respect to the parameters A and
B of this, [NOISE] uh,
okay. [NOISE] So you
wanna approximate S_t plus 1 as a function of that,
and so, you know,
pretty natural to fit the parameters of this linear model in a way
that minimizes the squared difference
between the left-hand side the right-hand side. Wait, did I screw up?
Yes.
Go ahead.
[inaudible].
Uh, say that again.
[inaudible].
Oh, sure. Uh, what's the difference between flying a helicopter m times versus flying a helicopter,
once, very, very long.
Uh, uh in this example,
it, it makes no difference.
Yeah. This, this is fine either way.
Uh, uh, u- u- unless, um, uh- yeah for practical purposes, it doesn't matter.
Uh, sorry. Uh, for,
for, um, for the purposes of this class, it doesn't matter.
For practical purposes, if you fly the helicopter m times,
it turns out the fuel burns down slowly.
And so the way the helicopter changes slowly and you wanna
average over how much fuel do you have or wind conditions,
this is what actually is done.
But for the purposes of understanding this algorithm,
flying a single time for a long time,
you know, works just fine as well.
Okay? Um, so this is the linear regression version of this, and, uh, uh,
and we, we actually talk about, uh, uh,
some other models later,
uh, called LQR and LQG.
Uh, you, you see this linear regression version of a model as well.
Just read, just a linear mo- model, the dynamics, right?
Uh, um, uh, we- we'll,
we'll come back to linear models dynamics later, uh, next week.
But it turns out that, um,
if you want to use a nonlinear model,
uh, you know, plugging in non-linear.
If, if you, you can also plug in,
right, Phi of S, you know,
and maybe phi prime of a as well,
if you want to have a lan- non-linear model.
Um, and, and this will work even better depending on your choice of features.
Okay? Now, um, [NOISE] finally,
having run this little linear regression thing,
where you- and it- it's not quite linear regression because A and B are matrices,
but, uh, but you can minimize this objective.
And it turns out to- this turns out to be equivalent
to running linear regression n times.
Um, so S has 12 dimensions.
This turns out to be equivalent to running linear regression
n times to predict the first state,
second state, third state variable, and so on, right?
That- that's- this is what- what this is equivalent to.
But having done this,
you now have a choice of two possible models.
One model would be to just [NOISE] say my model will set S_t plus 1
as A_St [NOISE] plus B_At,
uh, another version. [NOISE]
Would be to set St plus 1 equals A_st plus B_at plus Epsilon t,
where Epsilon t is distributed.
[NOISE] Uh, maybe from, uh, from a
Gaussian- from a Gaussian density.
Okay? Um, and so this first model would be a deterministic model,
and this model would be a stochastic model, right?
And, um, if you use a stochastic model,
then that's saying
that- [NOISE] right.
When you're running your simulator,
when you're running the model, um,
every time you generate St plus one,
you would be sampling this Epsilon from a Gaussian vector,
and adding it to the prediction of your linear model, and,
and if you use a stochastic model,
what that means is that, you know,
if you simulate your helicopter flying around,
your simulator will generate random noise that adds and subtracts
a little bit to the state space of
helicopter as if there were little wind gusts blowing it,
blowing the helicopter around, okay?
Um, and this is, uh,
uh, uh, yeah, right.
So, um, right.
So it turn- and,
uh, in, um, in most cases,
when you're building reinforcement learning models- oh,
and so the, the approach we're taking here,
this is called model-based reinforcement
learning where you're going to build a model of your robot,
and then let's train the reinforcement learning algorithm in the simulator,
and then take the policy you learn,
take the policy of how you learned in simulation and
apply it back on your real robot, right?
So this, this, this approach we're taking is called model-based RL.
[NOISE] Um, there is an alternative called model-free RL,
which is you just run your reinforcement learning algorithm on the robot directly,
and let the robot bash the robot around and so on, and let it learn.
I think that in terms of robotics applications, uh, um,
I think model-based RL has been taking off faster.
A lot of the most promising approaches are
model-based RL because if you have a physical robot, you know,
you just can't afford to have
a reinforcement learning algorithm bash your robot around for too long,
or how many helicopters do you want to crash before your learning algorithm figures it out?
Um, model-free RL works fine if you
want to play video games because if you're trying to get a computer or,
or, or, or play chess, or Othello or Go, right?
Because, um, you have a perfect simulator
for the video game which is a video game itself,
and so your, your,
your RL algorithm can, I don't know,
blow up hundreds of millions of times in a video game,
and, and that's fine, uh, for so- for,
for playing video games or for playing,
um, like, uh, you know, traditional games,
model-free approaches can work fine,
but I- most of the, um,
a lot of the, uh, uh, uh,
success applications of reinforcement learning robots have been model-based.
Although again, the field is evolving quickly so there's
this very interesting work at the intersection of model-based and model-free,
that that, that, gets more complicated, right?
But I- I- I want to say, if you want to use something tried and true, you know,
for robotics problems seriously because they're using model-based RL,
because you can then fly a helicopter in simulation,
let it crash a million times, right?
And no one's hurt, there's no physical damage anywhere in the world.
It was just, uh, uh, Okay.
And, uh, um, and- oh,
and just one last tip.
One thing we learned,
um, uh, building these,
uh, reinforcement learning algorithms for a lot of robots is that,
um, you know, having run this model,
you might ask, well,
how do I choose the distribution for this noise, right?
Uh, there- how, how,
how do you model the distribution for the noise?
Um, one thing you could do is estimate it from data.
But as a practical matter,
what happens is so long as you remember to inject- so let's see.
It turns out if you use a deterministic simulator, uh,
a lot of reinforcement learning algorithms will learn a very brittle model, uh,
that works in your simulator but doesn't actually
work when you put it into your real robot, right?
And so if you- if you actually look on YouTube or Twitter, um,
in the last year or two,
there have been a lot of cool-looking videos.
There are people using reinforcement learning to
control various weirdly-configured robots, like a
snake robot or some five-legged thing or some- whatever.
it's just a cool random,
I- I- this is- I- I- I'm not good at drawing this but, you know,
if you build a five-legged robot,
I don't even know what has five legs, right?
How do you control that?
It turns out that if you have a deterministic simulator,
um, using these methods,
it's not that hard to generate
a cool-looking video of your reinforcement learning algorithm,
supposedly controlling a five-legged thing or some crazy,
you know, a worm with, uh,
two legs or something, these crazy robots that you can build in a simulator.
But it turns out that, um,
uh, even those easy,
it's, uh, well, not easy.
Even though you can generate those types of videos in the deterministic simulator,
um, if you use a deterministic model of a robot, uh,
and you ever actually tried to build a physical robot,
and you take that policy from your physics simulator to the real robot, uh, the,
the odds of it working on the real robot are quite low,
if you use a deterministic simulator, right?
Because the problem with simulators is
that your simulator is never 100% accurate, right?
You know, it's always just a little bit off.
And one of the lessons we learned,
uh, that we've- I hope you learned, uh, [NOISE] uh,
applying RL to a lot of robots is that if you want
your model-based RL work to work not just in simulation and generate a cool video,
but you want it to actually work on a physical robot,
like a physical helicopter that you own,
that is really important to add some noise to your simulator.
Because if the policy you learn is,
um, robust to a slightly stochastic simulator,
then the odds of it generalizing,
um, uh, you know, to the, to the real world,
to the physical real world is much higher
than if you had a completely deterministic simulator.
So I think whenever I'm building a robot, right?
I- I- I pretty much- actually,
you know, I don't think I- oh,
with one exception- okay,
I [inaudible] will talk about that next week,
but with one, with one very narrow exception,
I pretty much never use deterministic simulators, uh, when,
when working on robotic control problems, unless- uh, uh,
assuming, assuming I want it to work in the real world as well, right?
Um, and, uh, and again,
you know, tips and tricks.
Uh, so, uh, the most important thing is to add some noise,
and then, uh, sometimes the exact distribution of noise.
Yeah, go ahead and try to pick something realistic,
but the exact distribution of noise actually matters less,
I want to say than just the fact of remembering to add some noise.
Okay.
[NOISE]
By the way,
I- you guys really don't know this,
but my PhD thesis, uh,
was, um, using reinforcement learning to fly helicopters.
So, so I'm trying to,
I don't know, so,
so you're telling me someone has crashed a bunch of
helicopters [LAUGHTER] model helicopters,
and has lived through the pain and the joys of seeing this stuff work or not work.
[LAUGHTER]
[NOISE]
All right. So now that you have built a model,
built a simulator, uh, for your helicopter,
for your four-legged robot or for your car, um,
how do you, um,
how do you approximate the value function, right?
So, um, in order to apply, um,
fitted value iteration, the first step is to choose features
of the state s. Right.
And then, um, we approximate v of s. You know,
we approximate v-star using a function v of s,
which is going to be Theta transpose Phi of s. Um,
and so, I don't know.
And so, uh, you know,
in the case of, uh,
uh, in, in, the case of the,
um, uh, inverted pendulum, right?
Then Phi of s,
maybe you have x, x-dot,
maybe you've x squared or x times x-dot or x,
uh, times the polar orientation, and so on.
So take, take your state to s,
and think up some nonlinear features that,
that you think might be useful for representing the value.
Um, and remember that what the value is,
the value of a state is your expected payoff from that state,
expected sum of discounted rewards.
So the value function captures,
if your robot starts off in that state,
you know, how well is it gonna do if it starts here?
So when you're designing features pick a bunch of features that you think hope convey,
um, how well is your robot doing. That makes sense?
And so, uh, maybe for the inverted pendulum, for example,
if the pole is way over to the right,
then maybe the pole will fall over given a reward of minus 1 when the pole falls over.
Right? Uh, but so, sorry.
I'm overloading the notation a bit.
Theta is both the angle of the pole as well as the parameters.
But, but, but if the pole is falling way over that looks extreme pretty badly,
unless, um, x-dot is very large and positive, right?
And so maybe there's interaction between Phi and x-dot.
So you might say, "Well, let me have a new feature,
which is the angle of the pole multiplied by the velocity."
Right? Because then-, uh,
because it seems like these two variables kind of depend on each other.
Um, so, so, so just as when you are trying to predict the price of a house,
you would say, "Well, what are the most useful features predicting the price of a house?"
Uh, um, you would do something similar,
um, for fitted evaluation.
And one nice thing about-, um, uh,
one nice thing about model-based RL is that once- model-based reinforcement learning,
is that once you have built a model,
you see a little bit that you can collect
an essentially infinite amount of data from your model.
Right? And so with a lot of data,
you can usually afford to choose a larger number of features,
because you can generate a ton of data with which to fit this linear function.
And so, you know, you- you're,
you're usually not super constrained in terms of, uh,
needing to be really careful not to choose
too many features because of fear of overfitting.
You could get so much data from your simulator that, you know,
you can usually make up quite a lot of features,
uh, and then some of the features end up not being useful, it's okay.
Because you can get enough data for running
your simulator for the algorithm to still fit a pretty good set of parameters Theta,
even if you have a lot of features.
Because you can have a lot- you can generate a lot of data to fit this function.
Okay. So, um, let's talk through the fitted value iteration algorithm.
Let's see. All right. You know what?
This is a long algorithm.
Let me just use a fresh board for this.
[NOISE].
All right. So, uh,
let me just write down the original value iteration algorithm for these v states.
Uh, so what we had previously was we would update V of s according to R of s,
plus Gamma, max over a, right?
So this is what we had, um, last Monday.
And, uh, I said at the start of today's lecture that you can also write this as this.
[NOISE].
Okay. So let's take that and generalize it to a fitted value iteration.
[NOISE].
All right. Um, so first,
let's choose a set of states
randomly, and let's initialize the parameters to equal 0, okay?
Um, and what we're going to do is where-,uh,
so, so let's see.
In linear regression, you learn a mapping from x-y,
and you have a discrete set of examples for x,
and you fit a function mapping from x and y.
So and what we're going to do here,
we're going to learn the mapping from s to v of
s. And we are going to take a discrete set of examples for s,
and try to figure out what is v of s for them,
and then for the straight line, you know,
to try to model this relationship, right.
So, so just as you have a finite set of examples,
a finite set of houses that you see a certain set of
values of x in your training set for predicting housing prices.
We're gonna see, you know,
a certain set of states,
and then use that finite set of examples to use linear regression to fit v of s. Right?
So that's what this initial sample is meant to do.
And so, um, this is the outermost loop of value iteration- of fitted value iteration.
And then for i equals 1 [NOISE] through m.
[NOISE]
Let's see, [NOISE] uh.
All right. So, um,
what we're going to do is, um,
go over each of these m states, uh,
go over each of these m states, right,
and for each one of them, um,
we're going to- and for each one of those states of each one of those actions,
we're going to take a sample of k things in order to estimate that expected value.
Right. And so this expectation
is over S prime drawn from this state transition distribution.
They say, you know, from this state,
if you take this action where you get to the next.
And so, uh, these two loops this for i
equals 1 through m. And for each action a
this is just looping over every state and every action,
and taking k samples.
Sampling k samples of where you get to if you take an action a in a certain status.
Right. And so [NOISE] um, uh,
and by taking that k examples and computing this average q a,
right, is your estimate of that expectation.
Okay. So, so all we've done so far is,
uh, take k samples, you know,
from this distribution of with S prime is drawn and average V of s. Oh,
actually, uh, oh, I'm sorry.
And, uh, if I move R of s inside,
sorry, then that's q of a. Yeah.
Okay, that makes sense?
[NOISE] Sorry.
Let me just rewrite this to move R of s inside [NOISE].
Fix this up a little bit. So this is written as Gamma.
If you write this as max over a,
of R of s plus Gamma, uh, [NOISE]
Yeah. Okay. Yes, sorry.
So we move the max and expectation out,
then this is, this is q of a.
Okay?
Um, next,
let's set y i equals max over
a of q of a [NOISE].
And so by taking the max over a of q of a,
um, that's what y i is.
Is your estimate at the right-hand side of value iteration.
Okay. [NOISE] And so
y i is your estimate for,
um, for this quantity,
for the right hand side of value iteration.
Now, in the original value iteration algorithm,
um, I'm, I'm just using VI to approximate that to abbreviate value iteration.
In the original algorithm,
what we did was we set V of S i to be equal to y i, right?
In the original value iteration algorithm,
we would compute the right hand side, this purple thing,
and then set V of s equals to that, right,
just set right-hand side equal to- I
set the left hand side equal to the right-hand side.
But in, um, fitted value iteration, you know,
V of s is now approximated by a linear function.
So you can't just go into a linear function,
and set the value of the points individually.
So what we're going to do instead is in fitted Vi,
we're going to use linear regression to make V of Si as close as possible to yi.
But V of Si is now represented as a linear function of the state.
So a linear function of the features of state.
So V of Si is Theta transpose Phi of Si,
and you want that to be close to yi.
And so the final step is run
linear regression to choose
the parameters Theta that minimizes the squared error, okay? [NOISE]
Does that make sense?
Okay, um, oh, yes. Let me just make my curly braces match.
Yeah. Okay, okay.
So that's fitted. Uh, go ahead, question?
[inaudible].
Oh, this one? Oh, this one?
Oh, no, the, the m is used differently.
Uh, so when we were learning a model m was
just how many times you fly the helicopter in order to build a model.
And the number of times you fly the helicopter in order to build a physics model,
to build a model, the helicopter dynamics has,
has nothing to do with this m,
which is the number of states you use in order to,
sort of, anchor, or in order to, uh, uh,
so I think I'm actually- so the,
the, the way to think about this is,
is you want to learn a mapping from states to B of S.
And so, uh, this sample,
this m states is- we're gonna choose m states on the x axis, right?
So, uh, and that m is the number of points you choose on the x axis.
And then in each, uh, iteration,
the value iteration we're gonna go through this procedure.
So you have sub S1 up to Sm.
Right. And then for each of these,
you're going to compute some value yi using this procedure.
And then you fit a straight line to the sample of yi's.
[inaudible].
Uh, think of this- think of the way you build a model and the way you
apply fitted value evaluation as two completely separate operations.
So, um, you can have one team of ten engineers flying a helicopter
around 1,000 times, build a model,
run the linear regression and then they have a model and
then they could publish the model on the Internet and
a totally different team could download their model and
do this and the second team does not need to talk to the first team at all,
other than downloading the model off the Internet.
There is a question.
[inaudible]
Oh, yes. Good question.
You mean they're sampling, they're sampling k times, right?
Yeah. That's a great question, yes.
That was a- yes.
That was one my next points which is the reason you sample from this distribution
is because you're using- so you should do
this if you are using a stochastic simulator, right?
And then actually it does.
Actually, I just wanted to ask you guys what should you do?
How can you simplify this algorithm if you use
a deterministic simulator instead of a stochastic simulator?
Oh, well, let's see. So if you use a determinic- deterministic simulator then, you know,
given a certain state at
a certain action it will always map to the exact same S-prime right?
So how can you simplify the algorithm?
[inaudible] action instead of drawing k times,
you only need to draw once.
Yeah, yeah, cool. Great. Yes. So if you're a deterministic simulator,
you can set k equals 1 and set the sample only once because this distribution,
it always returns the same value.
So all of these k samples would be exactly
the same so you might as well just do this once rather than K times.
Make sense? Okay cool. Yeah.
[inaudible]
Oh, this one?
[inaudible]
Oh, no. This is, um,
this is actually a square bracket.
Um, the thing is, um,
we're trying to approximate this expectation and the way you
approximate the mean is you'd sample k times if you take the average, right?
Right. So- so what we've done here is in order to approximate this expectation,
we're gonna draw k samples and then sum over
them and divide by k. So you average over the k samples.
All right, cool. Got some more question?
What's the little [inaudible] how many states
you'll get from K sample and [inaudible]
Let's see. So how do you choose M and how do you test for overfitting and so,
you know, one- once you have a model,
one of the nice things about model-based RL is let's say that Phi of S,
right, let's say that Phi of S has 50 features.
So let's say you chose 50 features to approximate
the value function of your inverted pendulum system.
Then we know that- you know that you're going to be fitting linear regression,
right, to this 50-dimensional state-space.
I mean this step here,
this is really linear regression, right?
And so you can ask,
if you want to run linear regression with 50 parameters,
how many examples do you need to fit linear regression?
And I will say you know if M was maybe 500,
right, maybe you'd be okay.
You have 500 examples to 50-50 parameters.
But if for computational reasons,
if- if it doesn't run too slowly ,
to even set M equals 1,000 or even 5,000,
then there's no harm to letting M be bigger.
So usually M, you might as well set to be as big as you feel
like, subject to the program not taking too long to run because it- it,
you know if- if you're,
um, if you're fitting- unlike supervised learning,
if you're fitting data to housing prices,
um, you need to go out and, you know,
collect data right off Craigslist or- or what's
on Zillow or Trulia or Redfin or whatever about prices of houses.
And so data is expensive to collect in the real world.
But once you have a model,
you can set M equals 5,000 or 10,000 or
100,000 and just- and then your algorithm will run more slowly.
But as long as your algorithm doesn't run too slowly,
there is no harm to setting M to be bigger. Makes sense?
Um, all right cool.
So, um, so I know that there's a lot
going on to this algorithm but this is fitted value iteration.
And if you do this, uh, this,
you can get reasonable behavior on a lot of
robots by choosing a set of features and learning
the value function to approximate the value of the- really
approximate the expected payoff of a robot starting off in different states.
Okay. Um, now just a few details
to wrap up, again, some practical aspects of how you do this.
After you've learned all these parameters,
this- you've now learned- go ahead, yeah.
[inaudible]
Oh, I see. Yes, thank you.
Um, yes.
So in this, um,
expression, where do you get V of S prime j from?
Yes. So you would get this from Theta transpose Phi of S prime j,
using the parameters of Theta from the last iteration of fitted value iteration.
Ju- just as in value iteration,
this is the values from the last iteration that you use to update a new iteration.
So then you use the last value of Theta to update the new one. Yeah, thank you.
Cool. Oh, and, um,
one- one other thing you could do which is, um,
I talked about the linear regression version of this algorithm which is, you know,
this whole- this whole exercise is about generating a sample of S
and Y so you can apply linear regression to
predict the value of Y from the values of S, right?
But there's nothing in this algorithm that says you have to use linear regression.
In order to- now that you've generated this dataset,
that's this box that I have here,
this- this is linear regression,
right, but you don't have to use linear regression.
In modern yo- deep reinforcement learning, um,
one of the ways- well one of the ways to go from reinforcement learning
to deep reinforcement learning is to just use a neural network with this step instead.
Then you can- then- then you call that deep reinforcement learning where- no.
But, hey, it's legit, you know.
[LAUGHTER]
Um, uh, but, but,
you can also use locally weighted linear regression
or whatever regression algorithm you want in order
to estimate y as a function of the state s. Yeah,
and actually if you use a neural network,
it relieves the need to choose features Phi as well,
you can feed in the raw features.
You know, your angle, your orientation and,
and using neural networks,
to learn that mapping in a supervised learning way.
Okay, um, all right.
So one last, ah, ah, important,
ah, I guess practical implementational detail, which is, um,
fitted VI right, uh, gives, uh,
approximation to V star.
And this, um, implicitly defines Pi star.
Right, because the definition for Pi star is that, um,
right. So, um, when you're running a robot,
you know, you need to execute the policy Pi right,
given the state you're gonna pick an action,
given the state you're gonna pick an action.
And, and having computed V star,
it only implicitly defines the optimal policy Pi star.
All right, um, and
so ah if you're running a robo- if you're running a robot in real time,
then you know actually if you fly a helicopter,
you might have to choose control actions at 10 hertz
meaning 10 times a second you're given the state, you have to choose an action.
Uh, uh, if you're building a self-driving car,
again a 10 hertz controller wo- would be pretty reasonable.
I guess choose a new action and maybe 10 times a second would be pretty reasonable.
Um, but how do you compute this expectation and this maximization 10 times per second?
So, um, in what we use for fitted value iteration,
we used right, a sample,
uh, of- we use k examples to approximate the expectation.
Right, but if you're running this, um,
in real time on a helicopter, you know,
probably you don't want to, uh, uh, uh,
at least I know for my robotics implementations I have been reluctant to use
a random number generator right in the inner loop of how we control a helicopter.
Right it, it, it might work but I,
but I think, you know,
it's approximately- if you want to compute
this arg max, you need to approximate this expectation and
do you really want to be running a random number generator on a helicopter?
And if you're really unlucky the random number gen-
generator generates an unlucky value,
will your helicopter do something you know, bad and crash?
Oh, I, I, I would,
again just emotionally I don't feel very good if,
uh, your self-driving car has a random number generator and,
and a loop of how it's choosing to drive.
Right, um, so just as a practical matter, ah,
ah, ah, there are a couple of tricks that people often use.
Which is, um, the simulator
is often of this form, right.
Okay, so most simulators have this form,
next state is equal to some function of the pre- uh,
previous state and action plus some noise.
And so one thing that is often done is, um,
for your deployment or for the,
you know for the, for, for,
for the actual policy you implement on the robot.
Um, set epsilon t equals 0 and set k equals 1.
Right and so, um,
so, so, so this,
this is a reasonable way to make this policy run on a helicopter,
which is during training you do want to add noise to
the simulator because it causes a policy you learn to be much more robust.
So little errors in the simulator,
your simulator is always a little bit off.
You know maybe it didn't quite simulate wind gusts
or when you turn the helicopter does it bank exactly the right amount.
Simulator is always, you know,
it's in practice is always a little bit off.
Um, so it's important to have noise in the simulator in model based RL.
But when you're deploying this in a physical simulator, um,
one thing you could do that'll be very reasonable is just get rid of
the noise and set k equals 1 and so what you would do is,
um, uh, let's see.
Um, whenever you're in the state s,
pick the action a according to
arg max over a of v of s, a.
Right so, uh, this f is this f from here.
So this is the simulator
with the noise removed.
Okay and so what you would do is actually,
and, and, you know, computers are now
fast enough you can- you could do this 10 times a second.
Right if you want to control a helicopter or a self car at 10 hertz,
you could actually easily do this, you know, at,
at, at 10 times a second,
which is your car or your helicopter is in some physical state in the world.
So you know what is S and so you can
quickly for every possible action a that you could take,
use a simulator to simulate where your helicopter will go,
um, if you were to take that action.
So go ahead and run your simulator,
you know, once for each possible action you could take.
Right, computers are actually fast enough to do this in real time.
Um, and then for each of the possible next actions you could get to,
compute v apply to that.
Uh, so, so this is really right S prime, um, uh,
drawn from P_sa, uh,
but with a deterministic simulator, right.
Right, so every 10th of a second you could
in your simulator try out every single possible action,
use your simulator to figure out where you would go under each and every single possible action,
and apply your value function to see of all of
these possible actions, which one gets my helicopter,
you know, in the next one-tenth of a second to the state that
looks best according to the value functions you've learned from fitted value iteration.
Okay, um, and it turns out if you do this then you can,
this is how you actually implement something that runs in real time.
And, oh, and I just mentioned, you know, the, the,
the idea of a training with stochastic simulator and just setting the noise to zero,
it's one of those things that's not very vigorously justified but in practice this,
this works well. Yes, question?
[inaudible].
Oh yes. Ah, so, so, um,
for the purposes of this, you can assume you have a discretized action space,
ah, and it turns out that for a self-driving car it's
actually okay to discretize the action space.
Uh, for a helicopter,
we tend not to discretize the action space but, um,
it turns out if f is a continuous function,
then you can use other methods as well.
Right this is about optimizing over the, I,
I didn't mean to talk about this and sorry this is getting a little bit deeper.
But, uh, even if a was a continuous thing, uh,
you can actually use real time optimization algorithms, uh,
to very quickly try to optimize
this function even as the function that it contains actually.
Uh, there's a literature on something called model predictive control which,
which can actually, you can actually do these optimizations in
real time and use to fly a helicopter. Just one last question.
So what's your different action you'll transition from the next stage?
So how do you know when you're still looking?
Do you make an observation or do you use your [inaudible]?
Wait oh, uh, uh say, what's the question again?
So once you are, like when you have had the helicopter,
once you pick an action you'll transition to the next stage so do you make
an observation to set up where you are or do you use the [inaudible].
Oh, I use an observation, yeah, yes, yes.
So you take an action and then
your helicopter will do something, there will be some wind,
your model may be off and so you would then a 10th of a second later,
take another you know GPS reading, accelerometer reading,
magnetic compass reading and use
the helicopter sensors that tell you where you actually are.
Now, cool. Okay, cool.
All right, I hope, uh, yeah,
hope- hopefully this was helpful.
I feel like, you know, the- I think it's fascinating that the
excitement about self-driving cars and flying helicopters and all that,
it gives well-balanced equations like these.
I, I think that's kinda cool.
[LAUGHTER] Okay, that's great.
Thanks, I'll see you guys next week.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Korean:
우리는 이차방정식을 풀게 되었는데요,
-3x^2 + 10x - 3 = 0이라는 식이죠
그리고 이 식은 이미 표준형으로 쓰여있습니다
이 식을 푸는 데는 여러 방법이 있지만,
그 중에서도 근의 공식을 사용해서 풀어보려고 합니다
그럼 그냥 다시 써보겟습니다
-3x^2 + 10x - 3 = 0 이라는 식이 있어요
사실 이 식을 근의 공식을 사용해서 이미 두 번 풀었죠
우리가 제대로 된 방법으로만 사용한다면, 근의 공식이
우리에게 이 식의 정확한 근, 또는 정확한 해를 줄 거니까요
그럼 여기있는 이 식에서 a, b, c는 뭘까요?
근의 공식이 어떤거 였는지 기억해 봅시다
사실, 시작하기 좋은 부분이에요
근의 공식은, 만약에 우리가 표준형 이차방정식
ax^2 + bx + c = 0이라는
이차 방정식 표준형이 주어진다면
이것의 근은 x = -b ± 루트 (b^2 - 4ac)
Serbian:
...
Задато нам је да решимо квадратну једначину,
минус 3х на квадрат плус 10х минус 3 је једнако 0.
А она је већ записана у стандардном облику.
И постоји много начина да решите ово.
Али у суштини, сви поступци решавања користе образац за решавање квадратне једначине.
Па, дозволите ми да препишем то.
Имамо минус 3х на квадрат плус 10х минус 3 је једнако 0.
И заправо, решићу то два пута
користећи формулу да вам покажем
да док год манипулишемо са овим на исправан начин
формула ће нам дати
потпуно иста решења, или потпуно исте корене
ове једначине.
Дакле, у овом облику овде, колики су а, b и с?
Хајде да се подсетимо шта је уопште
формула.
То је добро место за почетак.
Образац или формула за решавање квадратне једначине нам говори,
ако имамо квадратну једначину у облику ах
на квадрат плус bх плус с је једнако 0, дакле, у стандардном облику,
тада су њени корени једнаки минус b
плус или минус квадратни корен од b
Burmese:
အခု တို့တွေ ရှင်းရမှာ ကတော့ -3(x) square + 10x - 3 = 0
ဆိုတဲ့မေးခွန်းပါပဲ
ဒီ ညီမျှချင်း က standard form ထဲ ဝင်ပါတယ်
ဒီလို မျ ို း မေးခွန်းကို နည်းအများကြီး နဲ့ရှင်းလို့ရပါတယ်
ဒါပေမယ့် ကျွန်တော်ကတော့ quadratic formula နဲ့ရှင်းပါမယ်
ဒီမှာ မေးခွန်း ကို ပြန် ကူးလိုက်ပါမယ်
-3(x) square + 10x - 3 = 0
quadratic formula ကို မှန်ကန်စွာ သုံး ပြပြီး နည်းနှစ် မျ ို း
နဲ့ရှင်းပြ မှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်
တူ ညီတဲ့အဖြေ ကိုပဲ ပေးမှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်
ဒီ ညီမျှချင်း မှာ ဆို a, b နဲ့ c ရဲ့တန် ဖိုးတွေ က ဘာတွေ ဖြစ်မလဲ
ဒီမှာ quadratic formula လေးကို ပြန်နွေးတဲ့အနေ နဲ့
ပြန် ချရေး လိုက်အောင်
ဒီ quadratic formula ရဲ့standard form ကတော့
a(x) square + bx + c = 0
x ရဲ့ roots ကို negative b, plus or minus, the square
root of b squared minus 4ac
Bulgarian:
От нас се иска да решим квадратното уравнение
–3х^2 + 10х – 3 = 0.
Уравнението е дадено в нормален вид.
Има много начини да го решим,
но по принцип всички го решават с формулата за намиране на корените на квадратно уравнение.
И така, нека го препиша.
Имаме –3х^2 + 10х – 3 = 0.
Ще го реша два пъти,
като използвам формулата за намиране корените на квадратното уравнение, за да ти покажа,
че стига да го преработим по верния начин,
тази формула ще ни даде
точно едни и същи корени или едни и същи решения
на това уравнение.
И така, в този вид тук, кои са а, b и с?
Нека само си припомним
формулата за корените на квадратно уравнение.
Това е добре за начало.
Формулата за намиране корените на квадратното уравнение ни казва,
че ако имаме квадратно уравнение във вида
ах^2 + bх + с = 0,
т.е. в нормален вид,
тогава корените ще бъдат
х = –b плюс/минус корен квадратен от b^2 – 4ас,
Malay (macrolanguage):
Kita perlu menyelesaikan persamaan kuadrat,
-3x + 10x - 3 = 0.
Ia sudah tertulis dalam bentuk piawai.
Ada banyak cara untuk mnyelesaikan ini, tetapi
saya akan mengkhususkan penyelesaian formula kuadrat.
Saya akan menulis semula.
Kita ada -3x² + 10x - 3 = 0.
Kita sebenarnya menyelesaikannya dua kali menggunakan rumusformula kuadrat, bagi menunjukkan bahawa
selagi kita memanipulasi ini, dengan cara yang sah, formula kuadrat akan
memberikan punca kuasa yang sama, atau penyelesaian yang sama bagi persamaan.
Jadi, dalam bentuk ini, apakah a. b, c?
Mari kita ingat semula apakah rumus kuadrat genap,
ini satu permulaan yang bagus.
Rumus kuadrat memberitahu kita bahawa jika kita ada persamaan kuadrat,
dalam bentuk ax + bx + c = 0, ia berada dalam bentuk piawai.
Kemudian, punca kuasa di sini ialah x = -b, tolak atau tambah, punca kuasa dua
English:
We're asked to solve
the quadratic equation,
negative 3x squared plus
10x minus 3 is equal to 0.
And it's already written
in standard form.
And there's many
ways to solve this.
But in particular, all solve
it using the quadratic formula.
So let me just rewrite it.
We have negative 3x squared
plus 10x minus 3 is equal to 0.
And actually, I'll
solve it twice
using the quadratic
formula to show you
that as long as we manipulated
this in the valid way,
the quadratic
formula will give us
the exact same roots or
the exact same solutions
to this equation.
So in this form right over
here, what are our ABCs?
Let's just remind ourselves
what the quadratic formula even
is actually.
That's a good place to start.
The quadratic formula
tells us that if we
have a quadratic
equation in the form ax
squared plus bx plus c is equal
to 0, so in standard form,
then the roots of this are
x are equal to negative b
plus or minus the
square root of b
Norwegian:
Vi blir bedt om å løse denne
andregradsligningen,
minus 3x i annen, pluss 10x, minus 3 er lik 0.
Og det er allerede skrevet i standardform.
Og det er mange måter å løse dette på,
men jeg skal løse det ved hjelp av
andregradsformelen.
Så la meg omskrive dette.
Vi har minus 3x i annen, pluss 10x
minus 3, som er lik 0.
Og jeg skal løse den to ganger ved hjelp av
andregradsformelen, for å vise deg at
så lenge vi manipulerer disse riktig,
så kommer andregradsformelen til
å gi oss de nøyaktig samme svarene.
Så i denne formen her borte,
hva er a, b og c?
La oss minne oss selv på
hva andregradsformelen
er, dette er egentlig
et bra sted å starte.
Andregradsformelen forteller oss at om vi
har en andregradsformel,
i form av ax i annen, pluss bx, pluss c
er lik 0 i standardform.
Også er røttene til dette, x er lik
minus b, pluss eller minus kvadratroten
German:
Wir müssen folgende quadratische Gleichung lösen:
-3x zum Quadrat + 10x - 3 = 0
Und sie ist schon in der Standardform geschrieben.
Es gibt viele Möglichkeiten, dies zu lösen.
Aber speziell hier löse ich es mit der Mitternachtsformel.
Lasst es mich nochmal aufschreiben.
Wir haben: -3x zum Quadrat + 10x - 3 = 0
Im Prinzip löse ich sie zweimal
mit der Mitternachtsformel, um euch zu zeigen,
dass, egal wie wir sie auf zulässigem Weg verändern,
die Mitternachtsformel uns
die exakt gleichen Wurzeln beziehungsweise Ergebnisse
zu dieser Gleichung gibt.
Was sind also in dieser Form unsere ABCs?
Führen wir uns nochmal ins Gedächtnis, was die Mitternachtsformel
eigentlich ist.
Ein guter Punkt, um anzufangen.
Die Mitternachtsformel sagt uns, dass wenn wir
eine quadratische Gleichung der Form
"ax zum Quadrat + bx + c = 0", also in Standardform haben,
dann sind ihre Wurzeln: x = -b
+/- der Quadratwurzel von b
Thai:
เขาบอกให้เราแก้สมการกำลังสอง
ลบ 3x กำลังสอง บวก 10x ลบ 3 เท่ากับ 0
และเราเขียนในรูปมาตรฐานแล้ว
มันมีวิธีแก้หลายวิธี
แต่ลองแก้โดยใช้สูตรสมการกำลังสองกัน
ขอผมเขียนมันใหม่นะ
เรามีลบ 3x กำลังสองบวก 10x ลบ 3 เท่ากับ 0
ที่จริง ผมจะแก้สองครั้ง
โดยใช้สูตรสมการกำลังสอง เพื่อแสดงให้คุณ
เห็นว่าตราบใดที่เราจัดการมันอย่างถูกวิธี
สูตรสมการกำลังสองจะให้
รากเดียวกันหรือผลเฉลยเดียวกัน
กับสมการนี้
ในรูปนี่ตรงนี้ a b c คืออะไร?
ลองทบทวนสูตรสมการกำลังสองก่อน
ว่ามันคืออะไร
นี่คือจุดเริ่มต้นที่ดี
สูตรสมการกำลังสองบอกเราว่า ถ้าเรา
มีสมการกำลังสองในรูป ax
กำลังสองบวก bx บวก c เท่ากับ 0
แล้วในรูปมาตรฐาน
รากของสมการนี้คือ x เท่ากับ ลบ b
บวกหรือลบรากที่สองของ b
French:
On nous demande de résoudre l'équation du second degré
-3x² + 10x - 3 = 0
Cette équation est déjà sous la forme voulue.
Il y a plusieurs manières de la résoudre
je vais utiliser la méthode du discriminant (DELTA dans la suite).
Je la recopie.
Je vais la résoudre deux fois
pour montrer qu'on arrive au même résultat.
Quelles sont les valeurs de a, b et c, ici ?
Commençons par rappeler les formules à utiliser.
L'équation est de la forme ax² + bx + c = 0
Les solutions, appelées racines, sont
Czech:
Máme vyřešit kvadratickou rovnici:
-3x na druhou plus 10x minus 3 se rovná 0.
Už je to napsáno standardním způsobem.
Je mnoho způsobů, jak to vypočítat,
ale tady to budu řešit
pomocí kvadratického vzorce.
Takže to přepíšu.
Máme -3x na druhou
plus 10x minus 3 se rovná 0,
a vypočítám to vlastně dvakrát pomocí
kvadratického vzorce, abych vám ukázal,
že pokud příklad měníme
správným způsobem, kvadratický vzorec
nám dá úplně ty samé kořeny
nebo úplně stejná řešení této rovnice.
Takže v tomhle případě, co je 'a', 'b', 'c'?
Měli bychom si nejdříve připomenout,
co to kvadratický vzorec vůbec je.
Tím začněme.
Kvadratický vzorec nám říká,
že pokud máme kvadratickou rovnici
ve tvaru ax^2 + bx + c = 0,
tudíž ve standardní formě,
pak kořeny rovnice jsou
x rovná se -b plus/minus
Georgian:
უნდა ამოვხსნათ
კვადრატული განტოლება: მინუს სამ x კვადრატს
პლუს ათ x-ს მინუს სამი უდრის ნულს.
უკვე სტანდარტული
ფორმითაა ჩაწერილი.
ამოხსნის ბევრი გზა არსებობს,
ჩვენ კვადრატული
ფორმულის გამოყენებით ამოვხსნით.
მოდით, გადავწეროთ.
მინუს სამ x კვადრატს
პლუს ათ x-ს მინუს სამი უდრის ნულს გვაქვს.
თუ სწორ მანიპულაციებს
ჩავატარებთ, კვადრატული ფორმულა იმავე
ფესვებს, ამონახსნებს მოგვცემს.
რას უდრის a, b და c?
გავიხსენოთ, რა არის
კვადრატული ფორმულა.
თუ ax კვადრატს პლუს bx პლუს c ფორმით
ჩაწერილი კვადრატული განტოლება გვაქვს,
მაშინ ფესვები, ანუ x
უდრის მინუს b-ს პლუს მინუს ფესვი
Serbian:
на квадрат минус 4ас, све то кроз 2а.
А ово произилази из комплетирања квадрата
на општи начин.
Дакле, нема магије овде, а то сам извео у другим снимцима.
Али ово је формула за решавање квадратне једначине.
Ово ће вам стварно дати два решења,
јер имате позитиван квадратни корен овде
и негативан квадратни корен.
Па, применимо то овде у случају где... у овом случају,
а је једнако минус 3, b је једнако 10,
а с је једнако минус 3.
Значи примењујемо формулу овде;
добијемо да ће наша решења бити х је једнако минус b,
b је 10.
Значи, минус b је минус 10 плус или минус квадратни корен
од b на квадрат.
b је 10.
Дакле, b на квадрат је 100 минус 4 пута а пута с.
Дакле, минус 4 пута минус 3 пута минус 3.
Дозволите ми да запишем то.
Минус 4 пута минус 3 пута минус 3.
Korean:
... 를 2a로 나눈것이죠
그리고 이것은 일반적인 방법으로,
식을 완전제곱식으로 바꾸는 데서 유도됐어요
그러니까, 신기한건 아니에요
다른 비디오에서 증명한 적 있죠
하지만 이것은 이차방정식이고,
두 개의 해를 가지고 있죠
왜냐하면 여기 양의 제곱근이 있고
음의 제곱근도 있으니까요
그럼 여기에 적용시켜봅시다
이 경우에는
a는 -3에 해당하고
b는 10에 해당하죠
b는 10에 해당하고
그리고 c는 -3에 해당하죠
c는 -3에 해당해요
그럼 바로 여기서 근의 공식을 적용시켜보면
우리의 해가 x는 -b라는 것이 나와요
b는 10이네요
그러니까 -b는 10이에요
-10
b 제곱의 양의 제곱근 혹은 음의 제곱근
b가 10이니까 b^2은 100, - 4 X a X c가 돼요
그러니까 (-4) X (-3) X (-3) 인거죠
한 번 써볼게요
(- 4) X (-3) X (-3)
Bulgarian:
цялото върху 2а.
Това се получава от допълването до точен квадрат
по общия начин.
Тук няма никаква магия и аз съм я извеждал в други клипове.
Формулата за намиране корените на квадратното уравнение
всъщност ти дава две решения,
защото имаш положителния квадратен корен
и отрицателния квадратен корен.
Нека я приложим тук, в този случай.
Тук а = –3, b = 10, а с = –3.
Като използваме формулата,
получаваме, че решенията са х = –b...
b е 10.
–b е –10,
плюс/минус корен квадратен от b^2,
b е 10,
така че b^2 е 100,
минус 4 по а по с.
Тук имаме –4 по –3 по –3.
Нека само да го запиша.
–4 по –3 по –3.
French:
x égale moins b plus ou moins racine carrée de DELTA, le tout sur 2a,
avec DELTA = b² - 4ac
Vous pouvez consulter d'autres vidéos
pour voir d'où vient cette formule.
On a donc deux solutions à l'équation.
L'une où on ajoute la racine de DELTA, l'autre où on la soustrait.
Passons à l'application numérique.
Dans cet exemple, a = -3
b = 10
c = -3
Appliquons la formule.
x est égale à -b...
c'est-à-dire -10...
plus ou moins la racine de...
b² - 4ac...
c'est-à-dire 100...
moins 4ac...
moins 4 fois (-3) fois (-3)...
Je vais l'écrire
moins 4 fois (-3) fois (-3).
Burmese:
all of that over 2a, formula သုံး ပြီး ရှာလို့ရပါတယ်
ဒီ formula ကို completing square က ရတာဖြစ်ပါတယ်
ကျွန်တော် တစ် ခြားဗီဒီယို မှာဒီ formula ရပုံ ကို ပြခဲ့ဖူးပါပြီ ဘာမှ မခဲရင်းပါဘူး
ဒီဟာ က quadratic formula ဖြစ်တဲ့အတွက် အဖြေ နှစ်ခု ထွက်ပါလိမ့်မယ်
အပေါင်း square root နဲ့
အနုတ် square root ပဲ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်
ကဲ ဒီ formula နဲ့ ဘယ်လို တွက်မလဲ ကြည့်ကြ ရအောင်
ဒီမှာ a = -3,
b = 10
b = 10
c = -3
c = -3
quadratic formula ကို သုံးရင်
x = -b နဲ့စပါတယ်
b = 10 ဆို တော့
အနုတ် b ဆို တော့
-10
Plus or minus the square root of b
squared
b က 10 ဒါကြောင့် b square ဆို တော့ 100 - 4ac
-4 အမြောက် -3 အမြောက် -3
ပြန်ရေး ပြမယ်နော်
-4 အမြောက် -3 အမြောက် -3
German:
zum Quadrat - 4ac, das alles geteilt durch 2a.
Das hier wurde hergeleitet durch Beseitigen des Quadrates
auf normalem Weg.
Es ist also keine Zauberei hier, ich habe es in anderen Videos hergeleitet.
Aber das ist die Mitternachtsformel.
Sie gibt uns im Prinzip 2 Lösungen,
da man hier die positive Quadratwurzel
und hier die negative Quadratwurzel hat.
Lasst sie uns also für diesen Fall anwenden,
a = -3, b = 10
und c = -3.
Die Formel also hier angewandt,
erhalten wir unsere Lösungen: x = -b
b = 10.
Also ist -b = -10 +/- Quadratwurzel
von b zum Quadrat.
b =10.
Also ist b zum Quadrat = 100 - 4*a*c
Also: - (4*(-3)*(-3))
Schreiben wir es hin.
- (4*(-3)*(-3)).
Thai:
กำลังสองลบ 4ac ทั้งหมดส่วน 2a
และสูตรนี้มาจากการเติมเต็มกำลังสอง
ในแบบทั่วไป
มันไม่มีเวทมนตร์อะไรตรงนี้ และผมพิสูจน์ไป
ในวิดีโออื่นแล้ว
นี่คือสูตรสมการกำลังสอง
อันนี้จะให้ผลเฉลยสองตัว
เพราะคุณมีรากที่สองเป็นบวกตรงนี้
แล้วก็รากที่สองเป็นลบ
ลองใช้สูตรนี้ในกรณีที่ -- ในกรณีนี้
a เท่ากับลบ 3, b เท่ากับ 10
และ c เท่ากับลบ 3
เมื่อใช้สูตรกำลังสองนี่ตรงนี้
เราได้ผลเฉลย x เท่ากับลบ b
b เป็น 10
ลบ b จึงเท่ากับลบ 10 บวกหรือลบรากที่สอง
ของ b กำลังสอง
b เป็น 10
b กำลังสองก็คือ 100 ลบ 4 คูณ a คูณ c
ลบ 4 คูณ ลบ 3 คูณ ลบ 3
ขอผมเขียนลงไปนะ
ลบ 4 คูณ ลบ 3 คูณ ลบ 3
Malay (macrolanguage):
bagi b²-4ac, semua itu per dengan 2a.
Dan ini berasal dari menyelesaikan kuasa dua, secara umum.
Jadi, tidak ada magis di sini, dan saya menukarkan ia dalam video lain.
Tetapi di dalam rumus kuadrat, ia telah memberi anda dua penyelesaian.
oleh kerana anda ada tambah, kuasa dua positif
di sini dan negatif punca kuasa.
Mari kita aplikasikan ia di sini, dalam kes ini,
a = -3, a sama dengan -3.
b = 10.
b = 10.
dan c = -3
c = -3.
Melalui formula kuadrat di sini, kita dapat
penyelesaiannya, iaitu x = -b.
b ialah 10.
Jadi, negatif b ialah 10.
Negatif 10.
Tambah atau tolak punca kuasa b kuasa dua.
b ialah 10, maka b kuasa dua ialah 100 tolak 4 darab a darab c.
Jadi tolak 4 darab -3, darab -3.
Biar saya ulis semula.
-4 x (-3) x (-3)
Norwegian:
til b i annen minus 4 ac, alt det
over 2a.
Og dette er hentet fra
kvadratkomplettering på en generell måte.
Så det er ikke noe magi det her,
jeg bare hentet det som i andre videoer.
Men dette er en andregradsformel,
dette gir deg faktisk to løsninger,
fordi du har den positive
kvadratroten her og den
negative kvadratroten.
Så la oss bruke den her,
i dette tilfellet hvor
a er lik minus 3.
b er lik 10.
b er lik 10.
Og c er lik minus 3.
c er lik minus 3.
Så om vi bruker andregradsformelen
her, da får vi
svaret vårt til å være x er lik
minus b.
b er lik 10.
Så minus b er lik 10.
Minus 10.
Pluss eller minus kvadratroten
av b i annen.
b er 10 så b i annen er 100 minus 4
ganger a ganger c.
Så minus 4 ganger minus 3 ganger, minus 3.
La meg skrive det ned.
Minus 4 ganger minus 3, ganger 3.
Georgian:
b კვადრატს მინუს ოთხი
ac-დან და ეს ყველაფერი გაყოფილი ორ a-ზე.
ეს გამომდინარეობს
ზოგადად კვადრატის დასრულებიდან.
ანუ რაღაც საოცრებასთან არ გვაქვს
საქმე, წინა ვიდეოებში გამოვიყვანეთ კიდეც.
ეს კვადრატული ფორმულა
გვაძლევს ორ ამონახსნს, რადგან გვაქვს
დადებითი და უარყოფითი ფესვი.
მოდით, აქ
გამოვიყენოთ ეს ფორმულა.
აქ a მინუს სამია,
b ათია, c მინუს სამია.
x უდრის მინუს b, მინუს ათს
პლუს მინუს ფესვი b კვადრატს,
ასს მინუს ოთხჯერ ac-დან.
მინუს ოთხჯერ მინუს სამჯერ მინუს სამი--
მოდით, დავწერ.
მინუს ოთხჯერ
მინუს სამჯერ მინუს სამი -
Czech:
odmocnina z (b na druhou minus 4ac),
to celé lomeno 2a.
A to je odvozeno z doplňování na čtverec,
obecně vzato.
Takže nejde o žádná kouzla,
a v jiných videích jsem to odvodil.
Ale toto je kvadratický vzorec,
dává ve skutečnosti dvě řešení,
protože tady máte kladný kořen
a tady záporný.
Takže pojďme to použít zde, v případě,
kde se 'a' rovná -3.
'b' se rovná 10.
'b' se rovná 10.
A 'c' se rovná -3.
'c' se rovná -3.
Takže když tu použijeme
kvadratický vzorec,
naše výsledky budou
x se rovná minus b...
'b' je 10.
Takže -b je -10.
-10.
Plus/minus druhá odmocnina
z 'b' na druhou.
'b' je 10, takže 'b' na druhou je 100
minus 4 krát 'a' krát 'c'.
Takže minus 4 krát -3 krát -3.
Napíšu to.
Minus 4 krát -3 krát -3.
English:
squared minus 4ac,
all of that over 2a.
And this is derived from
completing the square
in a general way.
So it's no magic here, and I've
derived it in other videos.
But this is the
quadratic formula.
This is actually giving
you two solutions,
because you have the
positive square root here
and the negative square root.
So let's apply it here in the
case where-- in this case,
a is equal to negative
3, b is equal to 10,
and c is equal to negative 3.
So applying the quadratic
formula right here,
we get our solutions to be
x is equal to negative b.
b is 10.
So negative b is negative 10
plus or minus the square root
of b squared.
b is 10.
So b squared is 100
minus 4 times a times c.
So minus 4 times negative
3 times negative 3.
Let me just write it down.
Minus 4 times negative
3 times negative 3.
Korean:
이것들이 모두 근호 안에 있어요
그리고 이 모든게 2a로 나누어지죠
2 X a = -6이죠
그러니까 이건 -10 ±
100 // (-3) X (-3) 은 9니까
9 X 4 = 36이죠
여기에 마이너스 표시가 있어요
이모든 것에서 36을 빼고 6으로 나누죠
그러면, 100빼기 36이 64니까
-10 ± 64의 제곱근이 돼요
이 모든걸 -6으로 나누어지죠
64의 는 8이에요
양의 제곱근과 음의 제곱근을 결정하는데
이건 -6분의 -10 ± 8 이죠
그래서 만약 우리가 양의 근을 구하면, x는
-10+8, 즉 -2 를 -6으로 나눈 거라고 할 수 있겠죠
이렇게 양의 근을 구했고
바로 여기 있는 이거에요
그리고 -2 를 -6으로 나누면 3분의 1이되죠
Norwegian:
Alt det under det radikale tegnet.
Og så, alt dette over 2a.
Så 2 ganger a er lik minus 6.
Så dette kommer til å være lik
minus 10, pluss eller minus kvadratroten
til 100 minus 3 ganger, minus 3 ganger
minus 3 er positiv 9.
Positive 9 ganger 4 er lik positiv 36.
Vi har et minus tegn her borte.
Så minus 36, alt det over minus 6.
Dette er lik 100 minus 36 som er 64.
Så minus 10 pluss eller minus
kvadratroten av 64.
Alt dette over 6.
I hovedsak er verdien til 64, lik 8.
Men vi har det positive og negative
av kvadratroten.
Så dette er minus 10 pluss eller minus
8 del på minus 6.
Så om jeg tar den positive versjonen
så kan vi si at x kan være
lik minus 10 pluss 8, som da er
minus 2 del på minus 6.
Så det var pluss versjonen.
Det er denne her borte.
Og minus 2 del på minus 6
er lik 1/3.
Bulgarian:
Всичко това е под знака за корен.
И след това цялото е върху 2а.
2 по а е –6.
Това е равно на –10
плюс/минус корен квадратен от 100 минус...
–3 по –3 е плюс 9.
Плюс 9 по 4 е плюс 36.
Тук имаме отрицателен знак.
Така че –36.
Цялото това върху –6.
100 – 36 е 64.
–10 плюс/минус корен квадратен от 64,
цялото върху –6.
Квадратен корен от 64 е 8.
Но изчисляваме положителния и отрицателния корен квадратен.
Така че това е –10 плюс/минус 8 върху –6.
Ако вземем положителния вариант,
х е равно на...
–10 плюс 8 е –2, върху –6.
Това беше като вземем положителния вариант.
Ето това тук.
А –2 върху –6 е равно на 1/3.
Burmese:
အားလုံး က ဒီ radical sign အောက် မှာ ပဲနော်
အားလုံး ကို 2a နဲ့စားထားတယ်
a က -3 ဆိုတော့ 2(-3) ဆိုတော့ -6
ဒါဆို ဒီမှာ က -10, plus or minus, square root of
100 , -3 အမြောက် -3 ဆို တော့ +9, 9 ကို 4 နဲ့မြောက်တော့
36, ဒါပေမယ့် အပြင် မှာ အနုတ် ရှိတော့ -36
(100 - 36) square root
အစား -6
100 ထဲ က 36 နုတ်ရင် 64,
ဒါကြောင့် -10, plus or minus, square root (64)
အစား -6
64 square root က 8
+8 လဲ ဟုတ်သလို -8 လဲရတယ်
ဒါကြောင့် -10, plus or minus, 8 အစား -6
ဒါကြောင့် +8 ကို ယူရင်
-2/-6
အဲဒါ က အပေါင်းတန်ဖိုးကို ယူထားတာဖြစ်တယ်
ဒီမှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်
အဲတော့ အဖြေ က 1/3
Malay (macrolanguage):
Semua itu di bawah tanda radikal.
Dan semua itu per dengan 2a.
Jadi 2 x a ialah -6.
Jadi ini akan bersamaan dengan -10, tambah atau tolak punca kuasa
100-3 darab -3 darab -3 ialah positif 9.
positf 9 darab 4 ialah psitif 36.
Kita ada operasi tolak di sini.
Jadi -36 per dengan negatif 6.
Semua ini bersamaan dengan, 100 - 36 ialah 64.
Jadi negatif 10 tambah atau tolak punca kuasa 64.
Semua ini per dengan negatif 6.
Punca kuasa bagi 64 ialah 8.
Bagi punca kuasa kedua-dua positif dan negatif .
Ini adalah -10 + atau - 8 er dengan -6.
Jika kita mengambil versi positif, kita boleh katakan x ialah
sama dengan -10+8, -2 per -6.
Itu jika kita mengambil versi positif.
Di sini...
-2 per -6 bersamaan dengan 1 per 3.
French:
Tout cela est sous le signe de la racine.
Ensuite, tout cela est sur 2a...
qui vaut -6 dans cet exemple.
Notre racine vaut donc -10 plus ou moins
racine de 100 moins...
Le produit de -3 par -3 donne +9.
Multiplié par 4, ça donne 36.
Mais on a un signe négatif, j'écris -36.
Tout ça sur -6.
C'est égal à -10 plus ou moins racine de 64
le tout sur -6.
La racine de 64 est 8.
Ca nous donne -10 plus ou moins 8 sur -6.
Si on choisit le "plus", la première racine vaut
-10 + 8, c'est-à-dire -2, sur -6.
Ca, c'est donc quand on prend le "plus".
Ca donne un tiers.
Serbian:
Све то под знаком за корен.
И све то је кроз 2а.
Дакле, 2 пута а је минус 6.
Дакле, ово ће бити једнако минус 10
плус или минус квадратни корен од 100 минус... минус 3 пута
минус 3 је плус 9.
Плус 9 пута 4 је плус 36.
Имамо знак за минус овде.
Дакле, минус 36.
Све то кроз минус 6.
Ово је једнако 100 минус 36 је 64.
Дакле, минус 10 плус или минус квадратни корен од 64.
Све то кроз минус 6.
Позитиван квадратни корен од 64 је 8.
А узимамо позитиван и негативан квадратни корен.
Дакле, ово је минус 10 плус или минус 8 кроз минус 6.
Дакле, ако узмемо позитивну верзију,
кажемо х може бити једнако... минус 10
плус 8 је минус 2 кроз минус 6.
Значи то је била верзија са плус.
То је ово овде.
А минус 2 кроз минус 6 је једнако 1/3.
Georgian:
ეს ყველაფერი ფესვშია.
და ეს ყველფერი
გაყოფილია ორ a-ზე,
ანუ მინუს ექვსზე.
ეს იქნება მინუს 10-ს
პლუს მინუს ფესვი 100-ს მინუს სამჯერ
მინუს სამი პლუს ცხრაა,
ცხრაჯერ ოთხი 36-ია.
აქ მინუს ნიშანი გვაქვს.
მინუს 36 და ეს
ყველაფერი გაყოფილი ექვსზე.
ასს მინუს 36 64-ია.
მინუს ათს პლუს მინუს ფესვი 64-დან
გაყოფილი ექვსზე.
ფესვი 64-დან რვა არის.
მივიღეთ მინუს
ათს პლუს მინუს რვა გაყოფილი ექვსზე.
დადებითის შემთხვევაში გვექნება
მინუს ათს პლუს რვა, მინუს ორი
გაყოფილი ექვსზე -
ეს დადებითის შემთხვევაში.
მინუს ორი გაყოფილი
მინუს ექვსზე უდრის ერთ მესამედს.
Czech:
To všechno je pod odmocninou.
A to vše je lomeno 2a.
Takže 2 krát 'a' je minus 6.
Tak, tohle se bude rovnat
-10 plus/minus odmocnina
ze 100 minus 3 krát...
-3 krát -3 je 9.
9 krát 4 je 36.
Tady máme znaménko minus.
Takže minus 36, to vše lomeno -6.
Tohle se rovná...
100 minus 36 je 64,
takže -10 plus/minus odmocnina z 64.
To vše lomeno -6.
Odmocnina ze 64 je 8.
Doplníme to
do kladného a záporného kořene.
Takže tady je
-10 plus/minus 8 lomeno -6.
Pokud zjišťujeme kladný kořen, tak
x je rovno -10 plus 8,
což je -2 děleno -6.
Takže to byla kladná verze.
To je tady tohle.
A -2 děleno -6 se rovná 1/3.
English:
All of that's under
the radical sign.
And then all of that is over 2a.
So 2 times a is negative 6.
So this is going to be
equal to negative 10
plus or minus the square root
of 100 minus-- negative 3 times
negative 3 is positive 9.
Positive 9 times
4 is positive 36.
We have a minus sign out here.
So minus 36.
All of that over negative 6.
This is equal to
100 minus 36 is 64.
So negative 10 plus or
minus the square root of 64.
All of that over negative 6.
The principal square
root of 64 is 8.
But we're taking the positive
and negative square root.
So this is negative 10 plus
or minus 8 over negative 6.
So if we take the
positive version,
we say x could be
equal to-- negative 10
plus 8 is negative
2 over negative 6.
So that was taking
the plus version.
That's this right over here.
And negative 2 over
negative 6 is equal to 1/3.
Thai:
ทั้งหมดนั้นอยู่ใต้เครื่องหมายราก
แล้วทั้งหมดนั้นส่วน 2a
2 คูณ a ก็คือลบ 6
นี่จึงเท่ากับ ลบ 10
บวกหรือลบรากที่สองของ 100 ลบ -- ลบ 3 คูณ
ลบ 3 เป็นบวก 9
บวก 9 คูณ 4 เป็นบวก 36
เรามีเครื่องหมายลบตรงนี้
ลบ 36
ทั้งหมดนั้นส่วน 6
นี่เท่ากับ 100 ลบ 36 เป็น 64
ลบ 10 บวกหรือลบรากที่สองของ 64
ทั้งหมดนั้นส่วนลบ 6
กรณฑ์ของ 64 คือ 8
แต่เราหารากที่สองที่เป็นบวกกับลบ
นี่ก็คือลบ 10 บวกหรือลบ 8 ส่วนลบ 6
ถ้าเราหาตัวที่เป็นบวก
เราบอกว่า x เท่ากับ -- ลบ 10
บวก 8 คือลบ 2 ส่วนลบ 6
นั่นคือการหาแบบบวก
มันก็คืออันนี้ตรงนี้
และลบ 2 ส่วนลบ 6 เท่ากับ 1/3
German:
Das alles steht unter der Wurzel.
Und das alles geteilt durch 2a.
Also 2*a = -6.
Das ist dann gleich -10
+/- Quadratwurzel von 100 minus -- (-3)*
(-3) ist +9.
+9*4 = +36.
Hier haben wir ein Minuszeichen.
Also -36.
Das alles geteilt durch -6.
Das ist gleich 100 - 36 = 64.
Also -10 +/- Quadratwurzel von 64.
Alles geteilt durch -6.
Die Wurzel aus 64 ist 8.
Wir nehmen aber die positive und negative Quadratwurzel.
Das ist also -10 +/- 8 geteilt durch -6.
Wenn wir die positive Möglichkeit nehmen,
sagen wir, x könnte gleich -- -10
+ 8 = -2 geteilt durch -6.
Das war also die positive Version.
Das ist das hier.
Und -2/-6 = 1/3.
German:
Wenn wir die negative Quadratwurzel nehmen,
-10 - 8 -- Also lasst uns -10 - 8 nehmen.
Das wäre dann: x = -10 - 8
= -18.
Und das geteilt durch -6.
-18/-6 = +3.
Die beiden Wurzeln für diese quadratische Gleichung sind also
+ 1/3 und +3.
Und ich will euch zeigen, dass wir die gleiche Lösung erhalten,
selbst wenn wir das hier manipulieren.
Manche stört es vielleicht, dass
unser erster Koeffizient hier eine -3 ist.
Vielleicht wollen sie eine +3.
Um also diese -3 loszuwerden,
können sie beide Seiten dieser Gleichung mit -1 multiplizieren.
Wenn man das also tun würde, bekäme man 3x
zum Quadrat - 10x + 3 = 0*(-1),
was immer noch 0 ergibt.
In diesem Fall also, ist a gleich 3, b ist gleich -10
und c ist wieder gleich 3.
Und wir können die Mitternachtsformel anwenden.
Norwegian:
Og om vi tar den negative kvadratroten,
minus 10, minus
8, så la oss ta minus 10 minus 8,
det hadde
blitt, x er lik minus 10 minus er
minus 18, og det er over
minus 6.
Over minus 6.
Minus 18 del på minus 6
er lik positiv 3.
Så de to røttene til denne
andregradsligningen er positive.
1/3 og positiv 3.
Og jeg vil vise deg at vi får
samme svaret selv om vi manipulerer denne.
Noen folk, like kanskje ikke
det faktum
at den første koeffisienten vår her,
er minus 3.
Kanskje de vil ha en positiv 3.
Så for å bli kvitt minus 3
så kan de multiplisere begge sider av
ligningen ganger minus 1
.Og om du gjør det, så hadde
du fått 3x i annen, minus 10x pluss
3 som er lik 0 ganger minus 1,
som da fortsatt er 0.
Så i dette tilfellet er a lik 3,
b er lik minus 10, og c er lik 3 igjen.
Og vi kan bruke andregradsformelen,
vi får x er lik minus b.
French:
Si on choisit le "moins", l'autre racine vaut
-10 - 8, ça fait -18,
sur -6
ce qui donne +3.
Les deux racines de cette équation sont donc
+ un tiers et +3.
Je vais vous montrer qu'on arrive au même résultat
en changeant un peu les paramètres.
Certaines personnes n'aiment pas que l'équation commence par un moins.
Ils préfèrent avoir +3.
Pour les satisfaire, on peut multiplier les deux parties de l'équation par -1.
Dans ce cas, on obtient 3x² - 10x + 3 = 0.
A droite, 0 multiplié par -1 reste 0.
On a maintenant a = 3, b = -10 et c = 3.
On applique la formule.
x égale...
Thai:
ถ้าเราหารากที่สองที่เป็นลบ
ลบ 10 ลบ 8 -- ลองหาลบ 10 ลบ 8
มันก็คือ x เท่ากับ -- ลบ 10 ลบ 8
เป็นลบ 18
และมันจะเท่ากับส่วนลบ 6
ลบ 18 หารด้วยลบ 6 เป็นบวก 3
รากสำหรับสมการกำลังสองนี้สองตัว
คือบวก 1/3 กับบวก 3
และผมอยากแสดงว่าเราได้คำตอบเหมือนกัน
ถึงแม้ว่าเราจะจัดการสมการนี้ก่อน
บางคนอาจไม่ชอบที่
สัมประสิทธิ์แรกของเราตรงนี้เป็นลบ 3
บางทีเขาอยากได้บวก 3
เวลากำจัดลบ 3 นั่น
เขาก็คูณทั้งสองข้างของสมการนี้ด้วยลบ 1 ได้
แล้วถ้าคุณทำอย่างนั้น คุณจะได้ 3x
กำลังสองลบ 10x บวก 3 เท่ากับ 0 คูณลบ 1
ซึ่งยังเท่ากับ 0 อยู่
ในกรณีนี้ a เท่ากับ 3, b เท่ากับลบ 10
และ c เท่ากับ 3 เหมือนเดิม
และเราใช้สูตรสมการกำลังสองได้
Korean:
만약 음의 근을 구한다면, -10 빼기
8, 그러면 -10 빼기 8을 해보면
x는 -10 빼기 8이니까
-18이 되고, 이게 -6으로 나누어지겠죠
-6으로 나누어지고
-18을 -6으로 나누면 3이 되죠
그러므로 이 이차방정식의 두 근은 모두 양수에요
3분의 1과 3
제가 보여드리고 싶은건 이걸 조작해도
같은 답이 나오게 될거라는 거에요
몇몇 사람들은
첫 항의 계수가 -3이라는 것이 싫을 수 있죠
아마 3을 선호 할수 있어요
이 -3을 없애려면, 그들은
식의 양변을 -1로 나눌 수 있죠
그리고 그렇게하면 3x^2 - 10x
-3 = 0 X -1, 곱해도 0이 되죠
그럼 이 경우에는 a는 3에 해당하고 b는
-10에 해당하고 c는 3에 해당하겠죠
그리고 근의 공식을 적용하면, x는 -b 와 같다는 걸 알게되죠
English:
If we take the
negative square root,
negative 10 minus 8-- So let's
take negative 10 minus 8.
That would be x is equal
to-- negative 10 minus 8
is negative 18.
And that's going to
be over negative 6.
Negative 18 divided by
negative 6 is positive 3.
So the two roots for
this quadratic equation
are positive 1/3 and positive 3.
And I want to show you the
we'll get the same answer,
even if we manipulate this.
Some people might
not like the fact
that our first coefficient
here is a negative 3.
Maybe they want a positive 3.
So to get rid of
that negative 3,
they can multiply both sides of
this equation times negative 1.
And then if you did
that, you would get 3x
squared minus 10x plus 3 is
equal to 0 times negative 1,
which is still equal to 0.
So in this case, a is equal to
3, b is equal to negative 10,
and c is equal to 3 again.
And we could apply
the quadratic formula.
Bulgarian:
Ако вземем отрицателния корен квадратен,
–10 – 8 ...
нека изчислим –10 – 8.
Това ще бъде х е равно на...
–10 – 8 е –18.
Като това ще бъде върху –6.
–18 делено на –6 е плюс 3.
Следователно корените на това квадратно уравнение
са плюс 1/3 и плюс 3.
И аз искам да ти покажа, че ще получим същия отговор,
дори ако решим по друг начин уравнението.
Някои хора може да не харесват факта,
че първият ни коефициент тук е –3.
Може би искат там да имат плюс 3.
За да се отърват от –3,
ще умножат двете страни на уравнението по –1.
Ако го направиш, ще получиш
3х^2 – 10х + 3 = 0,
0 по минус 1 все още е равно на 0.
В този случай а = 3, b = –10, с = 3.
И можем да използваме формула за корените на квадратното уравнение.
Получаваме х = –b...
Czech:
Pokud chceme záporný kořen,
-10 minus 8,
takže vezmeme -10 minus 8,
takže
x se rovná -10 minus 8,
to je -18, děleno -6.
Děleno -6.
-18 děleno -6 je +3.
Takže oba kořeny této rovnice jsou kladné.
1/3 a 3.
Chci vám ukázat, že dostaneme stejné
výsledky, i když rovnici pozměníme.
Některým by se nelíbilo,
že náš první koeficient je záporný, -3.
Možná chtějí kladnou 3.
Takže aby se zbavili záporné 3,
mohou vynásobit obě strany rovnice -1.
A pokud tohle uděláte, získáte
3x na druhou minus 10x plus 3
se rovná 0 krát -1, což je stále 0.
Takže v tomto případě se 'a' rovná 3,
'b' je rovno -10 a 'c' je zase 3.
Můžeme zase použít kvadratický vzorec,
takže x se rovná minus b...
Burmese:
အနုတ် တန် ဖိုးကို ယူရင်တော့
-10 - 8 ဆို တော့
x က -18 ဖြစ်ပါတယ်
-6 နဲ့စားလိုက်တော့
+3 ရပါတယ်
ဒါကြောင့် ဒီမေးခွန်း ရဲ့ x ရဲ့အဖြေ နှစ်ခု ကတော့
1/3 နဲ့ 3 ပဲ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်
ဒီနေ ရာ မှာ တစ်ခြား နည်း နဲ့တွက်ပြ ချင် ပါသေးတယ် အဖြေ တူတူပဲ ရမှာ ပါ
တစ် ချ ို့သော လူ တွေ က equation ရဲ့ ပထမဆုံး
ဂဏန်း က -3 နဲ့ စတာကို မကြိုက်ကြ ဘူး
သူတို့က +3 ကို လို ချင်တယ်
အဲ တော့ အနုတ် ကို ဖျောက်ဖို့
ညီမျှ ခြင်း ရဲ့နှစ်ဖက်လုံး ကို -1 နဲ့မြောက်ပေးရမယ်
အဲ လို လုပ် လိုက်ရင် 3(x) square - 10x + 3
သုည အမြောက် -1 ကတော့ သုည ပါပဲ
ဒီမှာ a = 3 ဖြစ်သွားမယ်
b = -10 ဖြစ် ပြီး c = 3 ဖြစ် မယ်
quadratic formula ကို သုံး ရင် x = -b ဆို တော့
Serbian:
Ако узмемо негативан квадратни корен,
минус 10 минус 8... Дакле, узмимо минус 10 минус 8.
То би било х је једнако... минус 10 минус 8
је минус 18.
И то ће бити кроз минус 6.
Минус 18 подељено са минус 6 је плус 3.
Значи, два корена ове квадратне једначине
су плус 1/3 и плус 3.
И желим да вам покажем да ћемо добити исти одговор,
чак и ако манипулишемо овим.
Неки људи можда не воле чињеницу
да је наш први коефицијент овде минус 3.
Можда они желе плус 3.
Дакле, да се ослободимо тих минус 3,
могу помножити обе стране ове једначине са минус 1.
И онда, ако урадите то, добићете 3х
на квадрат минус 10х плус 3 је једнако 0 пута минус 1,
што је још увек једнако 0.
Дакле, у овом случају, а је једнако 3, b је једнако
минус 10,
а с је једнако 3 поново.
И можемо применути формулу.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Kalau kita mengambil negatif punca kuasa 2, -10. tolak 8...
...jadi -10 tolak 8...
... ia akan menjadi x bersamaan dengan 10 tolak 8...
...adalah 18 per -6.
-18 bahagi dengan -6 adalah positif 3.
Jadi, 2 punca untuk persamaan kuadratik ini adalah positif.
1 per 3 dan positif 3.
Dan saya mahu menunjukkan kau bahawa kita akan dapat jawapan yang sama...
...walaupun ia dimanipulasikan.
Koefisyen pertama adalah negaitf 3.
Jadi, untuk menghilangkan -3...
... darabkan kedua-dua bahagian persamaan, darab -1.
Kau akan dapat 3x kuasa 2, tolak 10x, tambah 3...
...bersamaan dengan 0, darab -1, iaitu 0.
Jadi, a adalah 3...
...b adalah -10 dan c adalah 3.
Kita boleh mengaplikasikan formula kuadratik, kita akan dapat...
Georgian:
უარყოფითი ფესვის
შემთხვევაში გვექნება მინუს ათს მინუს რვა--
x იქნება მინუს ათს
მინუს რვა, ანუ 18 გაყოფილი მინუს ექვსზე.
მინუს 18 გაყოფილი მინუს ექვსზე სამია.
კვადრატული განტოლების
ამონახსნები დადებითია -
ერთი მესამედი და სამი.
მინდა გაჩვენოთ, რომ მანიპულაციების
ჩატარების შემდეგაც იმავეს მივიღებთ.
ზოგს შეიძლება არ მოეწონოს, რომ
ჩვენი პირველი
კოეფიციენტი მინუს სამია, შეიძლება პლუს
სამი ერჩივნოთ.
ამიტომ მინუს სამის
მოსაშორებლად ორივე მხარეს
გაამრავლებენ მინუს ერთზე.
მივიღებთ სამ x კვადრატს მინუს ათ x-ს პლუს
სამი უდრის ნულჯერ მინუს ერთს, ანუ ნულს.
ამ შემთხვევაში
a სამის ტოლია, b მინუს ათის, c კი სამის.
შეგვიძლია, კვადრატული ფორმულა
გამოვიყენოთ: x უდრის მინუს b-ს,
Korean:
b는 -10이에요
-(-10) 은 +10이고, ± b의 제곱근은
-10의 제곱, 즉 100
(-4) X a X c
a X C = 9,거기에 4를 곱하면 36이죠
(-36) , 그리고 이 모든걸 2Xa 즉, 6으로 나눠요
그러면 10 ± 64의 제곱근
즉 8, 을 6으로 나눈게 되죠
여기 8을 더하면 (10 + 8) 즉 18을 6으로 나눈,
x는 3이 되는 걸 알 수 있죠
만약에 음의 근을 구하면
10빼기 8은 2이고, 2를 6으로 나누게 되죠
다시 1/3으로 , 정확히 같은 해가 나오게 되네요
Norwegian:
b er lik minus 10.
Så minus, minus 10 er lik positiv 10,
pluss eller minus kvadroten
til b i annen, som er minus 10
i annen, noe som er 100.
Minus 4 ganger a ganger c.
A ganger c er, 9 ganger 4 som er 36.
Så minus 36, alt det del på 2 ganger a
og alt det del på 6.
Så dette er lik 10 pluss eller minus
kvadratroten til
64, eller så blir det egentlig 8,
alt det over 6.
Om vi legger til 8 her, da får vi 10 pluss 8,
som er 18 over 6, og da får vi x kan være lik 3,
eller, om vi tar den negative kvadratroten
eller negativ 8 her, 10 minus 8 er lik 2,
2 del på 6 er,
1/3. Så atter en gang, får du de samme svarene.
English:
We get x is equal to
negative b. b is negative 10.
So negative negative
10 is positive
10, plus or minus
the square root
of b squared, which is
negative 10 squared,
which is 100, minus
4 times a times c.
a times c is 9 times 4 is 36.
So minus 36.
All of that over 2 times a.
All of that over 6.
So this is equal to 10 plus or
minus the square root of 64,
or really that's
just going to be 8.
All of that over 6.
If we add 8 here, we get
10 plus 8 is 18 over 6.
We get x could be equal to 3.
Or if we take the negative
square root or the negative 8
here, 10 minus 8 is 2.
2 over 6 is 1/3.
So once again, you get
the exact same solutions.
Malay (macrolanguage):
...x bersamaan dengan -b.
B adalah -10.
Jadi, negatif, negatif, adalah positif 10, tambah tolak...
...punca kuasa 2 b, iaitu -10 kuasa 2, adalah 100.
Tolak 4, darab a, darab c.
A darab c adalah 9, darab 4 adalah 36.
Jadi, tolak 36, per 2 darab a, per 6.
Jadi, ini bersamaan dengan 10, tambah tolak punca kuasa dua 64...
...iaitu 8, per 6. Kalau kita tambah 8, kita dapat 18 per 6, iaitu 3...
... atau kalau kitas gunakan negatif punca kuasa 2 8 di sini, 10 tolak 8 dapat 2...
2 per 6 adalah 1 per 3...
Jadi, inilah penyelesaian yang sama.
Georgian:
b მინუს ათია.
მინუს მინუს ათი პლუს ათია,
პლუს მინუს ფესვი b კვადრატს, ანუ მინუს
ათის კვადრატს, ანუ ასს მინუს ოთხი ac.
ac ცხრა არის, ეს
გამრავლებული ოთხზე კი 36,
ანუ მინუს 36 და
ეს ყველაფერი გაყოფილი ექვსზე.
ანუ ეს უდრის
ათს პლუს მინუს კვადრატული ფესვი 64-დან,
ანუ უბრალოდ რვა გაყოფილი ექვსზე.
თუ დავამატებთ რვას, მივიღებთ ათს პლუს რვას
ანუ 18-ს შეფარდებულს ექვსთან, ანუ x სამია.
თუ მინუს ფესვს ავიღებთ,
მივიღებთ ათს მინუს რვას
ანუ ორს შეფარდებულს
ექვსთან, ანუ ერთ მესამედს.
ზუსტად იგივე
ამონახსნები მივიღეთ.
German:
Wir erhalten x = -b. b = -10
Also ist -(-10) =
+10 +/- Quadratwurzel
von b zum Quadrat, was -10 zum Quadrat ergibt,
was 100 ergibt, - 4*a*c.
a*c = 9 * 4 = 36.
Also -36.
Das alles geteilt durch 2*a.
Das alles geteilt durch 6.
Das ist also geich 10 +/- Quadratwurzel von 64,
das ergibt einfach nur 8.
Das alles geteilt durch 6.
Addieren wir 8 hier dazu, erhalten wir 10 + 8 = 18 geteilt durch 6.
Wir erhalten: x könnte gleich 3 sein.
Oder wenn wir hier die negative Quadratwurzel oder -8 nehmen,
10 - 8 =2.
2 geteilt durch 6 ist 1/3.
Man bekommt auch hier wieder die identischen Lösungen.
French:
Moins b, c'est moins moins 10, donc plus 10.
Plus ou moins racine de
b au carré, ça fait (-10)² = 100
moins 4 ac.
ac fait 9. Mutliplié par 4, ça fait 36.
Donc -36.
Tout ça sur 2a, tout ça sur 6.
C'est égal à 10 plus ou moins racine de 64...
Je le remplace par 8.
Sur 6.
Si j'ajoute le 8, cela fait 10+8 = 18 sur 6.
x = 3.
Ou, si je soustrais le 8, 10 - 8 = 2.
Divisé par 6, on retrouve un tiers.
Czech:
'b' je -10.
Takže minus minus 10 je plus 10,
plus/minus odmocnina
z 'b' na druhou, což je
-10 na druhou, což je 100.
Minus 4 krát 'a' krát 'c'.
'a' krát 'c' je 9, krát 4 je 36.
Takže minus 36, to všechno děleno
2 krát 'a', všechno děleno 6.
Takže se to rovná 10 plus/minus
odmocnina z 64, tedy z 8,
to všechno lomeno 6.
Pokud tady přičteme 8, dostaneme 10 plus 8,
což je 18, děleno šesti, takže 'x' se rovná 3,
nebo, pokud vezmeme zápornou odmocninu,
a to -8, 10 minus 8 je 2,
2 děleno 6 je
1/3.
Takže znovu dostanete úplně stejné řešení.
Bulgarian:
b е –10, минус –10 е плюс 10...
плюс/минус корен квадратен от
b^2, което е (–10)^2, което е 100,
минус 4 по а по с...
а по с е 9, по 4 е 36.
Така че получаваме 36.
Цялото върху 2 по а.
Цялото това върху 6.
Така че това е равно на 10 плюс/минус корен квадратен от 64,
което е равно на 8.
Цялото върху 6.
Ако прибавим 8 тук, получаваме 10 плюс 8 е 18, върху 6.
Получаваме, че х може да бъде равно на 3.
Или ако изчислим отрицателния квадратен корен, това минус осем,
10 минус 8 е 2.
2 върху 6 е 1/3.
Още веднъж получаваш точно същите решения.
Thai:
เราได้ x เท่ากับลบ b
b เท่ากับลบ 10
ลบ ลบ 10 ก็คือบวก 10
บวกหรือลบรากที่สอง
ของ b กำลังสอง ซึ่งก็คือลบ 10 กำลังสอง
ซึ่งก็คือ 100, ลบ 4 คูณ a คูณ c
a คูณ c ได้ 9 คูณ 4 เป็น 36
ลบ 36
ทั้งหมดส่วน 2 คูณ a
ทั้งหมดส่วน 6
นี่จึงเท่ากับ 10 บวก ลบรากที่สองของ 64
หรือจริงๆ แล้วก็คือ 8
ทั้งหมดนั่นส่วน 6
ถ้าเราบวก 8 ตรงนี้ เราได้ 10 บวก 8
เป็น 18 ส่วน 6
เราได้ x เท่ากับ 3
หรือถ้าหารากที่สองที่เป็นลบ หรือลบ 8
ตรงนี้ 10 ลบ 8 เป็น 2
2 ส่วน 6 เป็น 1/3
เหมือนเดิม คุณได้ผลเฉลยเดียวกัน
Serbian:
Добијемо х је једнако минус b. b је минус 10.
Значи, минус од минус 10 је плус
10, плус или минус квадратни корен
од b на квадрат, што је минус 10 на квадрат,
што је 100, минус 4 пута а пута с.
а пута с је 9 пута 4 је 36.
Дакле, минус 36.
Све то кроз 2 пута а.
Све то кроз 6.
Значи, ово је једнако 10 плус или минус квадратни корен од 64
или заиста, то ће бити једнако 8.
Све то кроз 6.
Ако ми додамо овде 8, добијемо 10 плус 8 је 18 кроз 6.
Добијемо х може бити једнако 3.
Или, ако узмемо негативан квадратни корен, или минус 8
овде, 10 минус 8 је 2.
2 кроз 6 је 1/3.
Дакле, још једном, добијете потпуно иста решења.
Burmese:
b က -10 ဆို တော့
အနုတ် နဲ့အနုတ် ချေ တော့ +10
plus or minus, square root of (-10) square ဆိုတော့ 100
- 4ac ဆို တော့ a အမြောက် c က 9
9 အမြောက် 4 က 36
2a က 6
10, plus or minus, square root of (100 - 36) အစား 6
square root (64) က 8
10 + 8 အစား 6 က 3 ရမယ်
10 - 8 အစား 6 က
2/6
1/3 ရမယ် အဲတော့ နှစ်နည်းလုံးနဲ့ရတဲ့အဖြေက တူတူပဲ
French:
On obtient donc exactement les mêmes solutions.
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Posons ça
Aaaaaah
Aaaaah!
Je suis bien content d'avoir un casque!
Ça rebondit sur ma put*** de tête!
Ouais, James, j'en ai plein maintenant!
Aaaaargh!
Désolé!
Les gars sont partis à la recherche de l'un
des ingrédients les plus dangereux qu'ils ont
jamais eu à collecter...
des pommes de pin.
Et pour les aider dans cette mission,
ils sont en compagnie de Tom Eskew
qui grimpe et taille des arbres depuis plus de 30 ans
lui valant le surnom de "Ninja des Arbres"
Nous avons besoin de ton aide pour trouver des pommes de pin.
Ok. Voici une pinède.
Et les pignons de pin proviennent des pommes de pin
J'ai le vertige, est-ce que ça peut poser problème?
Oui
C'est l'un des plus grands arbres du département
Tu as l'air un peu stressé
J'ai juste hâte d'aller chercher les noix!
C'est ce qu'elle dit...
Qu'allons-nous chercher une fois là-haut?
les pommes de pin sont à la fin des branches
il faudra se débrouiller
mais nous voulons des pignons pas des pommes de pin
les pignons sont à l'intérieur des pommes de pin
donc il faut qu'on trouve les pommes de pin
Montons dans le seau et grimpons à cet arbre
Tu te sens en sécurité?
Je ne me suis jamais senti aussi en sécurité
Pour rendre la situation encore plus terrifiante,
nous ne commençons pas par le bas
pour avoir une chance d'y aller doucement,
nous commençons à environ 15 mètres
James, tu vas adorer cet endroit,
c'est un peu terrifiant
Malgré son calme extérieur, les nerfs de James
se réveillent petit à petit, car les pommes de pin
se trouvent encore plus haut que la limite du seau
encore plus haut que la limite du seau
On dirait qu'ils vont devoir faire de l'escalade
Je ne sens plus mes jambes...
Mon dieu
Ohhh.
Oh non...
C'est vraiment haut
Attend d'être attaché à l'arbre
Nous avons fait beaucoup de choses stupides
pour trouver des ingrédients pour la bière,
c'est la chose la plus stupide que nous ayons
jamais faite, et de très loin
C'est fou
Où dois-je couper ça ?
Dans cette centrale, là,
dans celle-là ?
Oui, ce truc va tenir ?
Je ne suis pas sûr Tom, pourquoi tu me demandes si ça va tenir
C'est bon, je le fais bien la plupart du temps
Que veux-tu dire par "la plupart du temps" ?
On peut descendre un peu
Oh mon Dieu, les seaux bougent
J'ai grimpé environ 1,80 m, je suis épuisé
Pourquoi est-ce que ça glisse ?
ça ne devrait pas glisser
Attend
Oh non!
Tu as dit que tu pouvais l'attacher, ça glisse en fait
Mets ta main sur le nœud,
mets ton poids dessus, ça dépend du poids
Mauvaise info!
Aww, n'enlève pas le noeud !
Il va réparer le nœud en l'enlevant,
ça veut dire que je ne m'accroche à pratiquement rien
Je pense que c’est bon
Ah mon Dieu!
Tom, nous sommes assez haut ici, où sont les pommes de pin ?
Eh bien, je pense qu'il y en a à la fin de...
Comment pouvons-nous sortir de là ? Comment y aller ?
L'un d'entre vous peut s'enfiler là-bas et...
S'enfiler?!
Hé, les gars, il y en a juste ici
Martin, tu en as trouvé ? Ouais, il y a des f*ck...
Attention, il y en a ici
Désolé!
Ça a presque arraché l'œil de Tom
Certaines de ces grosses branches ont des pommes de pin
Mec, ça c'est du talent.
Jetez-les ici, j'ai un sac à dos, on va les mettre là-dedans
Belle prise !
En voici d'autres
J'en ai une
Il y en a une ici
Tu peux voir les pignons, si tu regardes bien dedans
il y en a beaucoup
Je ne sais pas pour les pignons, mais je peux certainement voir des noix
Posons ça. Ah !
Ahhhhh
Je suis bien content d'avoir un casque
Ça rebondit sur ma putain de tête!
Ouais, James, j'en ai plein maintenant !
AHHHHH
Désolé!
Je pense que nous en avons assez
Comme les gars ont clairement un surplus de pommes de pin
il est temps de redescendre de l'arbre.
Je suis tellement content de descendre
Woah, c'était super facile
Mon coeur bat si fort
Les gars ont leur pommes de pin,
mais pour récupérer les pignons, ils vont devoir
griller les pommes de pin au feu
sous l'oeil du responsable des feux de forêts
il faut prendre les pommes, les mettre ici
se débarrasser de la sève qui est dessus
et les ouvrir un peu pour voir les pignons.
Ce qui est bien c'est que ça grille les pignons en même temps
ça va ajouter du goût à notre bière
ça sent Noël!
Voici donc ce que les anciennes civilisations
pour récupérer les pignons des pommes de pin
Tom t'es sûr de toi?
Fais moi confiance!
On dirait que ça devient incontrôlable
Mais non, ça va aller
As-tu déjà fait ça?
Non
Le pompier a l'air un peu stressé
On dirait qu'elles commencent à s'ouvrir
On peut commencer à éteindre le feu
Et voici les pignons!
Ça sent super bon!
Il y a une odeur fumée qui vient des pignons
Que fait-on maintenant?
On les récupère
Donc maintenant je dois prendre ce sac rempli de pommes de pin
et le frapper contre un rocher?
C'est ça.
Mets-y de la force
Plus fort!
On peut les entendre non?
C'est bon?
Est-ce bien ça que nous cherchons?
Oui c'est exactement ça!
C'est un pignon!
Oui, beaucoup de travail pour une petite noix!
C'est super bon
C'est un peu crémeux avec la graisse
mais ensuite c'est plus corsé avec de l'amertume
ça va être parfait pour la bière!
Quelle est la meilleure façon de finir une journée de récolte?
Boire une bière avec ses amis!
Pour les pignons et pour notre vie!
Je sens toujours pas mes jambes.
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Spanish:
Algunos no sabes qué es la deep web , pues
aquí una pequeña explicación:
¿Qué es el web profundo?
La empresa BrightPlanet inventó el término
"deep Web" en contraposición al "surface
Web."
¿Qué hay en el web profundo?
El web profundo es una realidad que no podemos
ignorar.
Lo más importante es tener presente que información
incluye, de manera que cuando buscamos algo
de esto deberemos plantearnos otra estrategia
de acceso:
· Guías y listas de teléfonos, e-mail,
y todo tipo de directorios
· "people finders" es decir listas de profesionales
de todas la disciplinas
Spanish:
· Leyes, decretos, en general información
legal, aunque alguna se puede encontrar en
web estático
· patentes
· Diccionarios, aunque muchos glosarios se
encuentran disponibles, y no nos olvidemos
que la Wikipedia tiene un poco de todo
· productos de venta a través de e-commerce
· archivos multimedia y gráfico que no tengan
la metadata de palabras claves que la identifique
en forma clara.
· Sitios de empresas
· Publicaciones digitales de libros y diarios
· Páginas amarillas o blancas (Yellow/White
pages)
· Bibliotecas
· Librerías
. y por supuesto todo aquello ilegal y demás
que no se encuentra normalmente como:
cebollachan, black martker, hidden wikki,
anmiba, core onion, comunidad uruguaya, etc.
pero para ser preciso este tipo de dominio
no es en la que esta en la cima del aisberg
como el de com org net info, este ocupa un
dominio encriptado que no se busca ni en google
ni tampoco en los buscadores.. para eso, se
necesitan TOR lo cual oculta y te hace navegar
Spanish:
en la web profunda anonimamente sin olvidar
tambien que es el unico programa que te andan
los dominios punto onion
Hay otra información que también forma parte
del web profundo y que puede estar disponible
en forma estática, pero el problema es que
se mueve velozmente, es decir que cambia y
se modifica a veces sin dejar rastros:
* Noticias en general, pues a veces no se
dejan los históricos.
* Ofertas y puestos de trabajo
* Vuelos, ofertas de viaje, de alojamiento
* Datos financieros, de bonos, y mercados
Quienes navegan en deep web? hackers, cientificos,
altos mandos militares, empresas especializadas
que puedes encontrar en este lugar?
las forma de encontrarse con actos ilegales
en estas profundidades de la web es de esta
forma
rastros de asesinatos
sitios de la segunda guerra mundial
pedofilia o cualquier contenido sexual totalmente
ilegal
compra y ventas de armas, drogas, objetos,
y sin olvidar... el trafico humano
esperimentos humanos
peliculas censuradas
Spanish:
Algunos no sabes
qué es la deep web ,
pues
Spanish:
contenido crudo como videos militares sacados
del area 51
y a todo esto fue un error de los militares
estado unidense y de la coneccion total de
la web que se les escapo de las manos por
cullo error de haber habrido este tipo de
web
riesgos
dicen que si descargas algo o tratas de contactarte
con alguien la F B I anda atras de tus pasos
para avisar a la policia local de tu pais...
por si algun error para que te arresten sera
dentro de 1 mes aunque
tambien es muy raro ya que viajas anonimamente
pero como dicen la justicia sabe rastrar hackeando
tu impector de protocolo y rastreando tu ubicacion
tambien, pasa con los hackers
bueno chicos espero que les haya gustado mucho
ya que es mi primer video, soy live anonymity
y nos vemos a la otra, si te gusto el video
dale a me gusta, comenta o subcribete y no
olvides pasarte por mi canal.
Spanish:
aquí una
pequeña explicación:
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French:
Joyeuses fêtes de la part de nous tous chez Paradigm.
L'année 2018 a été une très grosse année pour notre entreprise.
Nous avons commencé l'année sous le nom de WTS Paradigm,
et à la fin de l'année,
nous sommes simplement Paradigm.
Nous aimerions montrer notre gratitude
en vous remerciant personnellement.
Nous faisons également des dons à de nombreuses causes
tout au long de l'année
et cette année, nous aurons une emphase toute spéciale
sur les forces de l’ordre
pour aider ceux qui nous aident
en période de besoin.
Nous ici à Paradigm souhaitons
Joyeuses fêtes à vous et votre famille.
English:
Happy Holidays from all of us at Paradigm.
2018 was a very big year for our company.
We started the year being known as WTS Paradigm,
and by the end of the year,
we are now just Paradigm.
We like to show our gratitude
by personally saying "thank you" to you.
We also donate to numerous causes
throughout the year
and this year we will have a special
emphasis on law enforcement
and helping those who help us
in a time of need.
Happy Holidays to you and your family
from us here at Paradigm.
French:
Joyeuses fêtes de la part de nous tous chez Paradigm.
L'année 2018 a été une très grosse année pour notre société.
Nous avons débuté l'année sous le nom de WTS Paradigm,
et à la fin de l'année,
nous sommes simplement Paradigm.
Nous aimerions montrer notre gratitude
en vous remerciant personnellement.
Nous faisons également des dons à de nombreuses causes
tout au long de l'année
et cette année, nous aurons une emphase toute spéciale
sur les forces de l’ordre
pour aider ceux qui nous aident
en période de besoin.
Nous ici à Paradigm souhaitons
Joyeuses fêtes à vous et votre famille.
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VINH: What up y'all!
Vinh here,
thank you guys for watching that.
If you want to learn those moves,
go to STEEZY.CO
and I'll see you over there.
Boop-boop,
BOOP!
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WE WANT TO WRITE THE
LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS
AS EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS.
TO DO THIS, WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND THIS LOG EQUATION
AND THIS EXPONENTIAL EQUATION
MEAN THE SAME THING
OR EQUIVALENT.
LOG BASE E OF N = A MEANS
B RAISED TO THE POWER OF A = N.
SO B IS THE BASE IN BOTH
LOG FORM AND EXPONENTIAL FORM.
A IS THE EXPONENT BOTH IN
LOG FORM AND EXPONENTIAL FORM.
AND N IS THE NUMBER IN BOTH
LOG FORM AND EXPONENTIAL FORM.
SO REMEMBER A LOGARITHM
IS AN EXPONENT
AND THAT'S WHY IT'S EQUAL TO A,
WHICH IS THE EXPONENT
IN EXPONENTIAL FORM.
SO TO WRITE LOG BASE 3 OF 81 = 4
IN EXPONENTIAL FORM,
WE NEED TO RECOGNIZE THAT
3 IS THE BASE.
SINCE A LOGARITHM IS AN
EXPONENT, 4 IS THE EXPONENT,
AND THIS MUST EQUAL THE NUMBER,
WHICH IS 81.
WHEN CONVERTING FROM LOG FORM
TO EXPONENTIAL FORM,
WE CAN VERIFY THIS IS CORRECT BY
JUST EVALUATING THE LEFT SIDE
AND MAKING SURE IT EQUALS
THE RIGHT SIDE.
3 TO THE FOURTH DOES = 81,
THERE FORE THIS IS CORRECT.
ONE MORE WAY TO DO THIS
IS TO START WITH THE BASE,
WHICH IN THIS CASE WOULD BE 3,
AND WORK OUR WAY
AROUND THE EQUAL SIGN
TO FORM OUR EXPONENTIAL
EQUATION.
NOTICE 3 TO THE FOURTH IS =
TO 81.
NEXT WE HAVE LOG BASE 2 OF 64
= 6, SO OUR BASE IS 2,
THE EXPONENT IS 6,
AND THE NUMBER IS 64.
2 TO THE SIXTH = 64,
WHICH IS TRUE.
OR, AGAIN, WE CAN START WITH 2,
WORK OUR WAY AROUND THE EQUAL
SIGN, 2 TO THE SIXTH = 64.
NEXT WE HAVE LOG BASE 81 OF 9
= 1/2,
SO OUR BASE THIS TIME IS 81,
THE EXPONENT IS 1/2,
AND THE NUMBER IS 9.
REMEMBER RAISING SOMETHING
TO THE 1/2 POWER
IS THE SAME AS
TAKING THE SQUARE ROOT.
AND SINCE THE SQUARE ROOT OF 81
= 9 THIS CHECKS.
AND, AGAIN,
81 TO THE 1/2 POWER = 9.
FOR OUR LAST EXAMPLE
WE HAVE LOG BASE 5 OF 1/25 = -2,
SO OUR BASE IS 5, THE EXPONENT
IS -2, AND THE NUMBER IS 1/25,
WHICH AGAIN IS CORRECT.
REMEMBER 5 TO THE -2
IS = TO 1/5 SQUARED,
WHICH DOES = 1/25.
SO 5 TO THE -2 IS = TO 1/25.
NOW, I DO WANT TO MENTION
ONE LAST THING.
FOR THESE EXAMPLES I'VE BEEN
SAYING LOG BASE B OF N = A,
BUT YOU'LL ALSO OFTEN HEAR
LOG N BASE B = A,
WHICH WOULD BE EQUIVALENT.
OKAY, I HOPE THIS HELPS.
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good afternoon I am Andrea Chism with
the midday news a special welcome if
you're watching on one spot media.com
the national caucus of the PNP is
raising concerns about the country's
response system and mace the deadly
coronavirus outbreak in China chairman
of the caucus Norman Scott says the
Health Ministry needs to act now to
provide adequate protection to citizens
we have details in this report
insufficient
that's how chairman of the National
Caucus of the PNP Norman Scott describes
health care professionals screening
devices and quarantine errors at the
conscious port of entry
mr. Scott says at this time when the
coronavirus is declared a global health
emergency by the World Health
Organization the government should at
least have primary and secondary areas
designated for quarantine at each port
of entry what it means is you have the
device to check the individuals as they
pass and whatever is the results then if
there is any reason for a secondary
checking then that area should be
provided to have these things done
according to mr. Scott
the conscious port of entry as is is not
adequately prepared to deal with the
virus it's why he's recommending that
the Health Ministry should fully equip
hospitals with the relevant devices and
quarantine errors for testing the other
the other recommendation is for the
National Laboratory area to be finally
put in place and mrs. Scott warns the
Health Ministry to act now with all the
factors considered and their knowledge
meant that our National Resource
Response system is woefully inadequate
to deal with a virus of this nature we
call on the minister to
no to ensure and to give the citizens of
this country Oh
perk right TV genius
meanwhile the death toll in China from
the coronavirus has risen to 213 even as
more countries announced plans to
evacuate citizens from Wuhan the Chinese
city at the center of the outbreak
Beijing said there are there are at
least nine thousand six hundred and
ninety two confirmed cases which have
spread from Wuhan to all 31 provinces in
China the virus has spread to at least
18 other countries smash town's mayor
Norman Scott is questioning whether the
government is playing politics with the
dengue outbreak
mr. Scott raised his query based on a
job advertisement for vector control
workers but to make a social investment
fund Joseph the Minister of Health forms
and Catherine isn't aware of it in the
advertisement it states that the SDC is
the area for collecting the applications
SDC for Saint Catherine and in Kingston
edifis is not aware of it we want to
know what is really happening as it
relates to is it that the government is
playing politics with the response to
the National dengue outbreak the Health
Ministry is responsible for vector
control programs however in an interview
with TV J news mr. Scott said the
ministry was not aware of the
advertisement the Ministry of National
Security says detainees at the Spanish
town police station lockup have been
relocated following reports of rat
infestation and overcrowding on Monday
the st. Catherine Health Department
ordered the closure of the lockup it's
reported that the facility built to
accommodate 45 prisoners
was housing more than 100 individuals
the minister says remedial work will
begin next month on the Spanish town
lockup executive director of the
national integrity action professor
Trevor Monroe is suggesting that the
government moves swiftly on regulations
to make MOCA independent of the police
force that he says will help the major
organized crime and anti-corruption
agency to effectively probe corruption
issues
these regulations long-pending shall be
tabled in short order to make moko fully
independent in the foremen in the manner
of an FBI type agency he also suggested
the establishment of an oversight
committee in Parliament to review the
integrity commission's performance and
legislation I'm happy to say that the
Prime Minister will the same sitting of
parliament on January 28 gave the
assurance that that Oversight Committee
drawn from both sides will be
established early in the new
parliamentary year beginning as you know
on April 1 2020 professor Munro was
speaking Thursday at an a magistrate
meeting in Portland and it's time for
break but stay with us we have more
stories right after these messages
welcome back and we're continuing the
news a man was shot and killed in hereis
parks sometime after 2:00 Thursday while
he was sitting in a Toyota probox
motorcar the dead man has not yet been
identified but the police have held a
man they believe can help with their
investigation persons in the area say
they heard loud explosions and saw men
running with a firearm and running away
from the white car which was parked in
the park
shortly after soldiers appeared on the
scene and held one of the men Minister
with responsibility for education
carlson muda is this afternoon calling
on teachers to play a greater role in
developing human capital he was speaking
recently in Kingston at the ministries
regional consultation the only thing
that we need to focus on in addition to
some other things is a human development
our children but we cannot afford to
start as late as we have been doing to
get those results and in sports both
camps are now in election mode after the
Jamaica Table Tennis Association
president called a meeting of affiliates
on Wednesday night days after Challenger
Angelou met with a group of stakeholders
TV jays Ranade Brown has been tracking
developments I am really happy and I
wish I found one I'm shaken and ruined
the show a strength that I as president
of the Jamaica table tennis
Association one to unite all the
different forces it was a call for a
united stance for the good of table
tennis on Wednesday night as for the
first time since announcing his
candidacy Angelou and president gone
fellow thean met face to face but before
calls for unity there was a clash of
opposing views by supporters from either
side with that result it was down to the
meat of the matter with Lou who was a
surprise attendee being given the
opportunity to put forward his plan I'm
here because I want to try and unite
both parts both factions I'm here to to
introduce myself and to get to know the
other persons that are involved in table
tennis because if I'm going to be a
president of the jtt I have to know
everybody I'm gonna serve everybody
everybody's gonna work with me
so I have to know them however one gets
the feeling that not a lot of gains were
made I didn't expect any different I
know these people are very loyal to mr.
Louie teon and they have good reason to
be right mr. Louison is not is not all
bad what things can be done better for
Lothian two elections in a 12-month
period should not be seen as a waste of
resources
despite the 7046 result over kind
sinclair limb last february this is not
a loser time he's a democratic
organization and people are choices so
just like all my good friend Andrew who
is attend a ring and I welcome you sir
because I think you have a lot to offer
I think miss Lim have a lot to offer in
the midst of campaigning a crime from
the JTTF boss and we want to go forward
in this type of walk that after tonight
we can sit down and we can talk and we
can ensure that going forward on to the
annual general meeting that things are
peaceful we don't go in the media and
with no mudslinging and call enough
names and a lot we do it decently Lou
also revealed to TV Jay sports that
forum a challenge occurrence in
Lim will be a part of his lid I don't
know what capacity she'll begin as yet
she's a good administrator so she brings
a lot to the to the table I don't think
it will have any negative effect to have
Karen in my team she she's a strong
woman and she should be able to organize
herself and and make table tennis part
of her in the long run you've given a
chance
I'm voting annual general meeting is
expected once a financial audit of the
JT ta is completed renard abroad for TVJ
sports and that's the midday news I'm
Andrea Chisholm join us at seven for the
prime time news package on behalf of the
new sports and production teams with
afternoon and have a great weekend
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TO
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ROCHELLE FOR
TO KNOW. NOW LET'S HEAD TO
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ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT
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ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
TO KNOW. NOW LET'S HEAD TO
ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE.
TO KNOW. NOW LET'S HEAD TO
ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE. YEAH
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ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE. YEAH WE'RE
ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE. YEAH WE'RE
ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE. YEAH WE'RE
>>
ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE. YEAH WE'RE
>> ABOUT
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>> ABOUT TO
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>> ABOUT TO STEP
ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
SCIENCE. YEAH WE'RE
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ROCHELLE FOR A LITTLE BIT OF
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SCIENCE. YEAH WE'RE
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THAT YOU HEAR ABOUT WHAT
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HAPPENS WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
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BECAUSE IT'S INCREDIBLY RARE.
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BECAUSE IT'S INCREDIBLY RARE.
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BECAUSE IT'S INCREDIBLY RARE.
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BECAUSE IT'S INCREDIBLY RARE.
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BUT THIS WEEK WE'RE HEADING
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BEHIND THIS HISTORIC EVENT
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IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE
BEHIND THIS HISTORIC EVENT
>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO
BEHIND THIS HISTORIC EVENT
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>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK
>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE
>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
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>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY
>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY
>> THEIR BIG THEY'RE MAD. AND
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED
IF A STAR GETS TOO CLOSE TO A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF
BLACK HOLE JUST SAY BY THAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED
RARE EVENT HAPPENED RECENTLY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE
AND A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG
RECORDED AND WHAT HAPPENED IS
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE
THAT GRAVITY FROM THE BLACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK
HOLE IS SO STRONG THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF
THE FRONT END AND THE BACK END
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A
THE STAR RIPS IT APART. TOM
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK
HOLD THE LINE OF CARNEGIE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>>
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS
OBSERVATORY GAVE ME A CRASH
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE
COURSE ON BLACK HOLES
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN
>> THAT A BLACK HOLE IS AN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT
OBJECT THAT'S SO MASSIVE IT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE
SO DENSE THAT NOTHING CAN GET
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT
OUT OF IT NOT EVEN LIGHT THAT'S
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM
WHY IT APPEARS BLACK BECAUSE OF
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN
THE TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS
GRAVITY THEY CAN FORM FROM OLD
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK
STARS THAT COLLAPSED IN ON
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY
THEMSELVES WHEN A STAR GETS TOO
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR.
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS
CLOSE TO A BLACK HOLE.
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER
THE EXTREME GRAVITY STRETCHES
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE.
THE STAR. THE MATERIALS GET
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN
HOTTER AND THUS BRIGHTER WHILE
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND
CIRCLING THE BLACK HOLE. AN
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON
EVENT THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>>
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL
BUT THIS TIME NASA AND ITS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH
PARTNERS CAUGHT IT ON CAMERA
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY
>> SO THE REALLY COOL THING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY
ABOUT THIS IS THAT WITH BECAUSE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE
THIS PART OF THE SKY WAS
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT
ALREADY BEING LOOKED AT BY TEST
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY
WHEN IT WENT OFF WE WERE ABLE
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER.
TO SEE EXACTLY WHEN IT STARTED
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS
TO GET BRIGHTER AND EXACTLY HOW
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF.
IT STARTED TO GET BRIGHTER. SO
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>>
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE
THIS CAN TELL THINGS ABOUT
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE
THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF. THIS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION
>> PARTICULAR BLACK HOLE IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN.
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS
WHAT'S CALLED SUPERMASSIVE AND
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT
IT HAS A MASS 6 MILLION TIMES
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY NOT
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY NOT THE
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST
THAT OF OUR SUN. THIS IS A
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST OUT
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST OUT
PRETTY LARGE 1 BUT IT'S
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST OUT
THERE.
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST OUT
THERE.
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST OUT
THERE.
>>
CERTAINLY NOT THE BIGGEST OUT
THERE.
>> AND
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Professor John Merriman:
Okay, I want to talk about the
war up through 1916 today,
and then followed by 1917 and
1918 on Wednesday.
On the last day of his life
Jean Jaurès was troubled
about what he was going to write
in L'Humanité,
the paper of the Socialist
Party, about whether workers of
France should go to war against
workers of Germany,
and his decision,
which for that matter had been
taken earlier anyway,
not just that evening,
reflects what is called the
sacred union,
union sacrée,
that the political parties put
aside their differences in the
war effort,
in the mobilization of the
total war that World War One
would become.
And, so, he did,
he wrote an article with a
headline called "En
Avant,"
"forward," or "let's go," and
he went out to eat in a
café called Le Croissant,
which is still there,
it's not called Le Croissant
anymore, and he was having a
meal and about to go back to his
newspaper offices right near
there--it's near the Boulevard
Montmartre,
where a lot of the newspaper
offices still are--and a
right-wing nut put a pistol
through from outside,
through the curtain into the
restaurant, and blew him away.
There was this tremendous sort
of turmoil in the street,
and people who remembered it,
including the writer Roger
Martin du Gard,
remembered this sort of swell
of chaos but also of
apprehension.
In a sense it's easy to read
this backwards,
nostalgia, but the sense that
things would never be the same
again,
and Jaurès,
Jaurès,
Jaurès forever.
And Jaurès died and the
world went to war.
And the way the war started,
it started as if the--in the
way that the military planners
had wanted it to start.
I left you last time with the
Schlieffen Plan;
and Schlieffen literally on his
deathbed said that the last
German soldier,
his sleeve should touch the
Manche,
the English Channel,
and that in order to put France
into a headlock,
put Paris into a headlock like
that,
you should sweep this way,
through Belgium--they'd
eliminated the Netherlands as
part of that invasion route,
that would come in World War
II, but they didn't need the
Netherlands in this case--that
they would march into neutral
Belgium,
neutral since 1831,
knowing that this would bring
the British into the war because
the British could never have
Belgium occupied by a
potentially very hostile power.
And, so, Germany is under
pressure to win the war quickly.
They, as I said at the end of
the last time,
last lecture,
they anticipated about two
weeks it's going to take the big
Russian bear to bring all of
these forces,
in many cases using that single
track railroad that went all the
way to Vladivostok,
to prepare to invade Germany,
or to defend against German
incursions into Russia.
And, so, it was if--someone
once said, and I don't remember
who--as if Schlieffen's dead
hand automatically pulled the
trigger when the Belgian
government on the 2nd of August
rejected German demands that its
armies could march through
Belgium.
And the Belgium Army fought
bravely, indeed very heroically,
against overpowering military
strength.
The big fortress of
Liège--when I get so
close here I can't see--but
Liège there falls,
and falls to the young--not so
young, but--commander,
Ludendorff, after a huge
bombardment on the 16th,
followed by the fall of Namur.
And once the Germans get
through the hills of eastern
Belgium then they move fairly
quickly.
But the German commander,
Von Moltke, m-o-l-t-k-e,
the younger Moltke,
uses some divisions to try to
pin down the Belgians,
and he also is having doubts
with a view toward the home
front of wanting--of fearing how
far the French in their
inevitable penetration into
Alsace-Lorraine would go.
And, so, indeed France advances
in Alsace, although they had
been anticipated by Schlieffen
as inevitable and not crucial to
the winning of the war in a very
timely fashion,
now lead von Moltke to transfer
troops, fearing that the home
front might despair of French
advances there.
And, so, what this means is
that the Germans have basically
fewer troops than had been
anticipated in the original plan
by von Schlieffen.
And sure enough the British
Expeditionary Force,
which was not a large army,
finally arrives on the 20th of
August, Mons,
in Belgium.
But everybody is fairly sure
that the war is going to be over
fairly soon.
But one of the things that
happens immediately--one of the
things that happens almost
immediately is that the Germans
are marching so quickly and so
rapidly that they become
fatigued by the pace of their
march,
and also problems with
communications.
And, indeed,
the army--the army is commanded
by a forgettable guy called
Kluck-- is spread too thinly
across a wide front,
and that thinness made more
serious by the departure of
troops to fight in Alsace,
and also by troops still left
in chasing down and rounding up
the Belgian forces in Belgium.
But he sends four divisions to
Russia, also,
because the Russians have
advanced far more rapidly than
he thought was ever possible.
And, so, one of the things that
the German High Command does is
instead of going all the way
this way,
they turn down south and then
southeast, quicker than had been
originally planned.
And despite huge losses,
on both sides,
the German side and the French
side,
and with the British also
getting into the action,
the German forces are within
thirty-five miles of Paris,
thirty-five miles,
within Paris,
so that you could hear the
cannon in Paris,
from the fighting just east and
north of the capital.
Now, if one wants an
explanation for how the French
home front was able to hold
spectacularly,
through the entire war,
that is, one of two key
factors, and it's the most
important,
is that the Germans are so
close to Paris that they can
bombard Paris on Easter Sunday
1918--more about that
later--with this huge gun,
Big Bertha as it was called by
the English, firing way down
from up here in the north,
lobbying these huge shells all
the way.
So, the pressure is there and
the response is heroic.
The second factor,
which is often forgotten,
is that the Sacred Union,
this Union
Sacrée,
is extremely effective in
mobilizing through propaganda
but also through extremely
intelligent action,
bringing help,
for example,
to people trying to bring the
harvest in, using troops,
and when they have them fairly
soon, capture German soldiers to
help bring the harvest in,
and they also begin to give
allocations familiales,
or sort of family allocations,
family resources I guess is a
way of putting that,
to families who the departure
of sons,
brothers, and fathers was
catastrophic;
but, of course,
they hadn't seen anything yet.
But they're very shrewd in
this, and the home front,
unlike Berlin--and that's
another story--but the home
front in France holds throughout
the entire war.
There are some exceptions in
that, and I'm going to talk
about that next week,
and it's fairly--I mean on
Wednesday--it's fairly
interesting.
And, so, as the Germans are
trying to drive to Paris in what
became known as the Battle of
the Marne,
at the dawn of air warfare,
planes--their first use was
reconnaissance,
they're not used for--really as
weapons,
in the very beginning.
There are attempts to drop
small bombs and things like
that, and the French do this
fairly early on in Germany,
in German cities,
and the Germans do this as
well.
But there's a guy flying around
up there who,
a reconnaissance pilot,
who notices that Kluck's army
is changing directions,
leaving its flank open as it
moves to a point southeast of
Paris.
And, so, at that point the
French rush every conceivable
soldier into the Battle of the
Marne,
which takes place basically
between Lagny,
which is a town you can't see
here,
and Champagne,
basically in
Châlons-en-Champagne,
the Battle of the Marne.
And everybody knows this as a
famous story,
and there's of course a metro
stop named after him,
inevitably, but the commander
of the military defense of the
Paris Region is a guy called
Gallieni,
g-a-l-l-i-e-n-i,
and he conscripts the taxis of
Paris.
And, so, the Parisian taxis
literally carry soldiers out to
fight in the Battle of the
Marne, which can be clearly
heard, to repeat myself,
in Paris;
that there was a sense of
impending doom,
obviously.
But the miracle occurs and the
British pour through another gap
in the German armies further up,
along the Aisne River,
a-i-s-n-e, and force them to
retreat forty miles back.
And that's the largest exchange
of real estate that would occur
until 1918, because of what
happens next.
And on September 14th along the
Aisne River the Germans begin to
fortify their position by
digging trenches,
and rather like the Battle of
Valmy in the French Revolution,
in 1792, the sans-culottes,
that is the ordinary people who
defended the revolution,
the Battle of the Marne saves
Paris and without any question
saves France.
So, then what you've got
is--and you have to--again I
always give ridiculous sports
analogies since most of what I
did over the weekend was watch
football--it works anyway in
this case.
And what you have to do is
imagine somebody trying to get
outside in a football game,
Mike Hart or somebody trying to
get outside, and as the guards
pull and as you move toward the
outside,
the defense,
and above all the linebackers,
and everybody kind of moves
along.
And what you have basically is
you have a race to the sea.
They're trying to outflank each
other, where the Germans are
going back to the strategy
penned by Schlieffen in 1905,
they're trying to get around to
go around, and then put this
headlock.
And of course what the French
and the British are doing is
they're racing along also to try
to hold their ports,
the French ports,
and also to keep them from
being outflanked.
And, so, then you have the
famous Western Front--and
that's--we're not talking about
the Eastern Front.
There's a lot of good work done
recently on the Eastern Front,
but you have this Western Front
that's generated so much
magnificent literature,
some of which you're reading in
Barbusse, as well as the
inevitable All Quiet on the
Western Front by Erich Maria
Remarque,
and Siegfried Sassoon,
and the British war poets.
Now, there were a few
journalists--I can't remember if
I mentioned this or not--who had
followed the Russo-Japanese War
in 1904 and 1905,
and they had noticed that in
some of these very prolonged
battles that trenches had been
dug,
and in the mud and just
horribly bad weather,
that two forces stared across
no-man's land against each
other.
And that's exactly what happens
in World War I;
and that is,
to make a very long story,
complicated story,
and sometimes overly-simplified
story very short,
that's exactly what happens on
the Western Front is that the
spade and the shovel,
along with the machinegun,
which is a defensive weapon,
along with ultimately gas and
flamethrowers--there were new
ways of dying too--become the
weapons of the war,
along with artillery,
and artillery kills more people
than any other weapon,
followed by machineguns.
And, so, basically,
as you can see from this map,
that the trenches go all the
way from Switzerland,
literally, to the English
Channel, and that is where la
jeunesse of France and these
other countries,
where the youth,
the young men,
and some older men,
too, of these countries,
died.
That was the end,
where their short lives ended,
in the vast majority of the
cases.
And attempts in the Fall of
1914 to break through simply
don't work, and it's not too
hard to figure out why they
don't work,
you don't have to be a
specialist in military warfare
to know that if you're going to
break through like this,
and you're going to--either
side, you pick your side and
you're going to get across.
The question is how are you
going to do that?
Because by--very quickly the
Germans have lines behind.
Here's from the point of view
of the French,
they're building railroads,
they can supply.
And if you're going to go
across and break through these
are sort of rubber band
defenses,
and in order to break through
with the strategy that they
adopt really throughout the war
is what are called creeping
barrages,
is that with all of these tens
of thousands of cannons you have
to soften up your opposition by
killing as many as people as
possible.
So, you're shelling,
you're anticipating where
you're going to go,
and this of course tips off
your opponent and says,
"ah-ha, that's where they're
going to go this time;
last time they went down there
and this time they're coming
here."
And, so, all this does--anybody
can see this,
and you'll see it in awhile,
got live here,
or not so live,
but we'll see it on your
screen--is that these creeping
barrages,
besides killing lots of--the
Americans invented the term
"friendly fire"--besides killing
their own people,
but what they do is they create
these enormous craters,
craters of death that are
filled with just awful pestilent
waters and make it impossible to
really get to the other side.
Because once you--once somebody
goes up and blows the whistle,
and says, "follow me,"
and you jump out of the
trenches, you've got to carry
sixty pounds,
sixty pounds worth of
equipment--now that's a lot of
equipment--down into these
things,
come through these craters,
and then what you do is you
find these machine guns,
layers of them,
aimed right low,
and they just take you out,
one right after another.
I've been to the Imperial War
Museum in London various times,
and I just went about six weeks
ago for the hell of it.
They've made it--they've
really--it's not as good as it
used to be.
But there used to be this one
clip where you could see these
guys, these three guys,
and one of them is an officer.
The officer has his whistle and
he blows the whistle,
that is, en avant,
here we go, let's go,
allez les gars,
let's go guys.
And you see him,
he gets one foot over there and
he's shot dead;
so you see his body slumped
down.
You see the second guy,
you can imagine the terror in
his eyes;
you can't see him,
his eyes, you don't see him
very long because then he's
killed to.
And then you see the third guy
get over;
and you don't know what happens
to him, his odds weren't very
good.
But this is a story of the war.
Now, there's a vigorous
historical debate always on did
they know what they were doing?
The image that you will see of
course in the movie,
The Paths of Glory,
is that there they are drinking
champagne in somebody's
confiscated chateau and sending
runners,
who were the people who carried
messages to the trenches,
and organizing these attacks.
And thus the most famous--just
killing fields,
basically, of the war,
and there's some really famous
ones like Paschendaele,
which is in Belgium,
and when you go through this
idyllic sort of part of Belgium
near Ypres you can't imagine
tens of thousands of people
dying there,
poisoned.
That's where the Germans first
used poison gas.
Or the Somme is the obvious
example that everybody uses and
I will use again in awhile.
Or the Battle of Verdun where
you're fighting a hand-to-hand,
hand-to-hand combat in the
forts of Verdun that--and it
goes,
simply goes on, and on, and on.
And there's now the revisionist
interpretations of the Battle of
Paschendaele--don't write down
Paschendaele,
it's impossible to spell
anyway--that,
say, well if they'd redefined
the idea of the creeping
barrage,
and if they'd managed to just
take one hundred yards,
and hold that,
and then the next one hundred
yards,
et cetera, et cetera.
But increasingly--it was just
clear, it was obvious to the
soldiers and it was clear to
most anybody that there wasn't
going to be a breakthrough,
but the High Command,
the German High Command,
and the French High Command,
and the British High Command
keep insisting that the next one
will be the time we will truly
break through.
But there isn't any
breakthrough until the Germans
break through in the spring of
1918 and the bodies get higher
and higher.
Now, on the Eastern Front,
what you had,
some trench situations but
basically it's a more wide-open
kind of fighting.
There were so many people
killed that one of the Russian
generals despaired,
he said, "we don't have any
idea how many people were killed
because the bodies just stack up
so high we can't see anything
and it's impossible to guess."
On the Italian front,
on the Italian-Austrian front,
Austro-Hungarian front,
there are ten different battles
named after the same river,
the same small river.
And, so, real estate is
exchanged in terms of yards,
not in terms of--it's won or
lost at the expense of all these
lives in a matter of not
kilometers but yards;
and kilometers,
gains of a couple of kilometers
are celebrated by the hysterical
press on both sides.
And these are very old stories,
but it's still true that things
appeared, for example--and the
French press had their
counterparts elsewhere--that
French bodies that are
decomposing don't smell the way
that German bodies that are
decomposing,
that was one story.
Or that the German shells are
so badly made--the expression
was Gerry-made,
that is an expression that came
out of World War II also,
made by the Germans,
because Gerries was a
derogative term for
Germans--that they're just kind
of like playthings,
they just kind of blow up and
go poof and that's the end of
it, that they don't really kill.
And reports put in the civilian
press about the hardy,
vigorous life of these
soldiers,
because they're in such good
shape, because they're eating
well--which was obviously not
the case,
they're eating frozen potatoes,
and when Pétain
increases the rum ration so they
could go over the top a little
tipsy to get killed in Verdun in
1916.
So, there was this
enormous--and this is one of the
scenes in the literature of the
war--there's this huge
discontinuity between the
civilian life and the soldiers.
And the soldiers can't talk
about it when they come back,
and they say things like,
"what do they imagine?
That we jump up every morning
and say, 'long live France,'
'long live Germany,'
'long live Italy'?"--depending
on your case--and jump over the
top heroically in order to get
to,
you name the city,
Moscow, Berlin,
Paris, Saint Quentin,
wherever you want to talk about
it.
And, so, there's discontinuity,
the soldiers when they go on
leave, when the soldiers go back
to the whorehouses of
Montmartre,
or the bars of Montparnasse,
or anywhere else,
or back to Lyon,
or Rennes, or anywhere you
want,
it's impossible for them to
even discuss what has happened.
And, indeed,
one of the interesting things
about this whole thing is lots
of the really great literature
after the war,
about the war,
does not come in the first two
years.
Barbusse does,
that's a fact,
I think he starts in the war,
but All Quiet on the Western
Front isn't really written
until late in the 1920s,
and then of course the Nazis
try to keep it from being shown,
because it's obviously an
anti-war film,
in German theaters.
So, in terms of--in 1914 you
could--these statistics,
you could just give all these
statistics and you can read
charts in any book,
including mine,
and it's just--these are real
people, which is very hard--it's
an obvious thing to say but it's
hard,
the figures are so numbing.
By the end of 1914,
so you're talking about half a
year, the British,
the German and French forces
had combined casualties of
300,000 killed--that's three
times the number of people
filling up the L.A.
Coliseum, or the Rose Bowl,
or Michigan Stadium;
that's a lot of people--600,000
wounded.
And these are in many cases
just devastating wounds,
and so it's not so hard to
imagine why the Paris metro,
and the subway in the 1920s was
full of people begging with one
arm, or one leg,
or no legs, or coughing out
their lungs because of gas
attacked.
The British 7th Division
arrived in France in October
1914 with four hundred officers
and 12,000 soldiers,
after fighting around Ypres,
which Ypres is right over the
Belgium border,
up by the English--not far away
from the English Channel;
a beautiful old textile town
that was destroyed for obvious
reasons during the war.
They had four hundred officers
and 12,000 soldiers,
four hundred officers,
12,000 soldiers.
At the end, after eighteen
days, they had forty-four
officers and 2,336 soldiers
left.
Figure out your odds,
if you're eighteen,
nineteen, twenty,
twenty-one, male,
in 1914.
And there's a recent movie
which I can't remember the name
of, my wife has seen it,
but it's about in 1914 there
was an attempt on Christmas Day
for people to say "ça
suffit largement";
this is just enough of this
crap, let's sing to each other.
And the Welsh were singing
their ballads,
and the Germans were singing
doleful Lutheran hymns,
and the Catholic French were
singing this and that.
And then somebody said,
"well, let's play some
football."
So, they got soccer players and
they're out playing and kicking
the ball around.
Then they went back to try to
kill each other again.
In 1915 a British soldier
suggested, said,
"hey, let's do that again,"
because he was lucky enough to
be around when they were doing
it in 1914;
they put him up against the
wall and shot him,
for treason.
And one of the things that
happens during this,
and because these people
were--everybody knows all these
stories.
You hear people dying,
you hear them slowly expire,
between--in the craters,
between the trenches,
and so there are all these
rumors that there are all these
people that had managed to
survive with light wounds,
and that there was this huge
underground cavern where
Germans, and French,
and British were all hanging
out,
and they were going out and
getting wine and champagne where
they could find it,
and they were coming and taking
food rations,
and they were the smart ones
because they were down there.
And it was the kind of rumor
that just went on and on.
But the proximity of death and
the proximity of the war was
always there.
Again, another famous
example--if you were an officer
in the British Army you could
have lunch in the Officer's Club
at Victoria Station,
where many of you have been,
and you could take the train to
the front and you could be dead
by--in the same front,
you could be dead,
fini, crevé,
by the end of the day.
When Welsh miners tunneled
under this big promontory in
Belgium, the explosion could be
heard across the English Channel
in Kent.
The war was so close.
That's what made it terrifying.
But that's what makes--also
because the people lost people,
lost family,
everybody lost family--that war
was the dominant experience of
the twentieth century,
at least the first half of the
twentieth century.
And again, you can look at the
whole period,
1914 to 1945 as this long,
horrible, thirty years war,
because the soldiers just
simply kept marching.
But they weren't doing much
marching in the trenches because
there wasn't anywhere to go.
Your marching was running out
and hoping that you were somehow
going to make it back,
after yet another "let's go
over the top."
And to repeat,
machineguns had first been
used--if I remember right they
were called Gatling guns in the
American Civil War;
I think they were used at
Gettysburg, if I'm correct.
They were slowly perfected,
at least to the level of World
War One.
And they, after shelling,
after these big shells
launching tens of thousands of
shells--when they're softening
up the opponent as to where
they're going to go;
these things go on for days.
And that's where--the whole
syndrome of shellshock is a term
that comes out of World War One,
too, because a lot of
people--there are all sorts of
estimates about how many people
really lost their mental
capacity because of all of this.
But not only new ways of dying,
but new ways of just having
your head exploding time,
and time, and time again;
living among dead bodies;
comrades who have disappeared;
rats, huge rats,
huge aggressive rats;
mice;
lice and everything else.
And then there were
flamethrowers,
and there are tanks--more about
tanks--tanks aren't any good at
all,
basically, till 1917,
because if you have a tank,
no matter--no tank can go over
these craters,
they just get stuck in their
whatever, not their wheels (I
don't know, you call them their
treads),
just sort of spin around and
there they are.
And so there was new misery.
You could send packages,
little care packages,
to the soldiers with a little
cheese from the Ardèche,
or a little cheese from Savoie
or maybe a bottle of wine from
Burgundy or something like that,
and hoped it didn't get
pilfered.
One soldier wrote back,
"before you can have a drink
you have to chip away the ice.
The meat is frozen and solid,
the potatoes are bonded by ice,
and even hand grenades are
welded together in their cases."
That's another weapon too that
comes up in World War One.
A French soldier remembered,
"we all had on us the stench of
dead bodies.
The bread we ate,
the stagnant water we drank,
everything we touched had a
rotten smell.
Death simply numbed."
An Austrian soldier--here's
some examples I took from the
other front, too,
but why not?
A violinist wrote,
"a certain fierceness arises in
you, an absolute indifference to
anything the world holds except
your duty of fighting.
You're eating a crust of bread
and a man is shot dead in the
trench next to you.
You look at him calmly for a
moment and then you go on eating
your bread.
Why not?
There's nothing to be done,
il n'y a rien à
faire.
In the end you talk of your own
death with as little excitement
as you would at a luncheon
engagement."
A British--one of the war poets
wrote--I can't remember which
one, but the line sticks with
you--he wrote,
"I didn't want to die,
at least anyway until I'd
finished reading The Return
of the Native."
And then he went on,
and the dead filled up these
craters.
Airplanes, just as an
insertion, as I said,
were first used for
reconnaissance.
Pilots carry pistols and fire
at their opponents;
and again there was this sort
of esprit de corps that these
were--so the brave fighting guys
up there are providing
amusements for the people in the
trenches below,
and when one of the aces would
get shot down the other planes
would fly over and drop flowers,
and Baron von Richthofen and
all these big ace guys,
most of whom were killed in the
end,
they get the good idea of
instead of putting a machinegun
on a plane that fires,
and then they found that the
machinegun bullets are sent back
killing the pilot by the
propeller-- someone says,
"ah-ha, let's time it to the
propeller";
so they create ways,
they create bigger bombs that
you can drop and all of that.
But air force planes are
basically used for
reconnaissance planes,
and the war simply goes on and
on.
One of the reasons why it goes
on and on, by the way,
is that atrocity stories
on--that's not one of the
reasons it goes on and on,
but it's one of the things that
sort of would--if you're going
over the top again would give
you some reason to want to go
over the top,
besides simply trying to
survive and not wanting to be
shot as a deserter,
is the atrocity stories.
Of course for the Germans who
had--in the Franco-Prussian War
there were some cases,
not very many,
of them being gunned down by
civilians who were called
franc tireurs,
just civilian sort of
sharpshooters,
and the Germans go into the war
with a sense that they better
watch it because the Belgians
are going to shoot you down from
buildings and so will the
French.
Most of the atrocities on the
western front were committed by
the Germans, not by the French.
There were five hundred Belgian
civilians executed,
most famously the nurse,
Edith Cavell,
who is executed with a couple
of other people accused of
treasons.
There were cases of rape
perpetuated by German troops,
but rape had not yet become a
weapon of war;
that would wait until later in
that very sad century.
But these stories passed very
quickly and were seized upon by
propagandists on both sides,
and that sort of keeps folks
going.
Okay, now what about Verdun?
Anyway, this is from Verdun.
Now, Verdun,
why do the Germans go after
Verdun in 1916?
They know they're not going to
break through,
but again it has ultimately to
do with that French birthrate,
is that they know,
because they have more
children, they can afford to
lose more German soldiers;
that is, if you were German,
you guys, then the French,
that is you guys,
or the British,
you guys, if you were French or
you were British.
And by the way to say "guys,"
it's not at all to denigrate the
role of women in the war,
more about that next lecture,
to a great extent,
because that's extremely
important,
because somebody had to step up
in the factories and all of
that.
But General Falkenhein,
the commander,
simply says,
"we will bleed them so that
they will be forced to negotiate
and to sue for peace.
They cannot afford to lose all
of the hundred thousands of
people that we can afford to
lose."
So, the Battle of Verdun,
the town of Verdun,
in the Meuse,
northeast, you know from maps,
itself was virtually destroyed
by shelling.
And the forts of Verdun are off
to the north and to the east,
and there are two of them--the
names don't matter but they're
interesting,
and someday you should go there;
Vaux, v-a-u-x is one;
and the other is called
Douaumont, which may be the only
French commune that no longer
exists.
Douaumont should be- d-u-- I
can't remember,
d-o-u-a-m-e-n-t;
anyway, it doesn't matter.
But one of the things when you
go there you'll see these
plaques that people put up after
the war,
and I think I mentioned this
the very first day,
and the hardest to take is one
guy at Vaux he went up,
made a--in '21 or '22,
a plaque that says,
"To my son, since his eyes
closed mine have not ceased to
weep."
And, so, the fighting in the
mists of these forests was some
of the worst ever seen in any
war and would take hundreds of
thousands of lives,
as you know.
This is--remember the stuff
about the craters,
this is an aerial view of Fort
Douaumont, the area around
there, and those are all
craters.
It looks like it's your classic
lunar landscape.
This is the south entrance to
the Fort of Douaumont,
which has just been destroyed
by German shelling,
as you can see.
And here you have--these are
the entrance.
You can go, as a tourist you
can go right into there.
These are not where these
plaques are all put up around
here, like they're inside a
church.
That's what it looked like then.
You can see the mont
left from Douaumont,
there, the Douau is
ça n'en existe
plus, it's not there
anymore.
And as a matter of fact when
you go to where the commune was,
the shelling is such that there
are these huge hills;
enormous hills have been
created simply by this land
being blown apart,
and that you're in--this,
you lived in the fort as you
lived in these trenches,
and the trenches were,
as the forts,
are accommodated as best they
can to make things livable for
those who are about to die.
And here is an infirmary where
you have your instant
amputations, there.
And that's what it looked like;
and you've seen pictures of the
Somme, which I'll talk about
maybe next time a little bit.
They had to build these
walkways to get you over all of
the mud.
And the weather in northern
France, whether you're talking
about Boulogne or anywhere else,
anywhere in the Channel but all
the way really into the northern
part of Alsace,
is pretty dreadful.
And here again are these
craters.
You've going to carry sixty
pounds through that stuff?
Not very easy.
And barbed wire,
which I should have mentioned
also, is one of those defensive
weapons of war,
along with your basic
machinegun.
And, of course,
one of the things that adds to
the weight carried by each
soldier is you had to have
barbed wire clippers that are
going to succeed in cutting the
barbed wire.
And the war poets,
one of them,
I can't remember,
maybe it was Isaac Rosenberg or
one of them said that,
well, "where's the finest of
Devonshire?
They're hung up,
they're hung up,
hung up on that old barbed
wire"--because it was easy to
get caught up on the barbed wire
and simply perish there.
And there's your basic real
live trench, with the helmets.
The French troops,
by the way, who'd gone into the
war wearing--this is true,
I couldn't invent this--bright
red pants that could be seen
through the mists by troops
changed to more subtle colors by
the end of the war,
to give them a better chance.
And, so, that was the trench,
and when you were going to
attack what you would do is
climb up over the trench,
and then face this machinegun
fire, and get as far as you
could.
Many did not get very far at
all.
And there is--get your head
down and hope it doesn't land on
you.
That's how most people died,
the majority of people died
through shelling,
in these kinds of creeping
barrages or just basic shelling.
Sharpshooters were also a
problem.
That's how--many of you have
read All Quiet on the Western
Front, and that's how he
gets killed at the end,
because he puts his head up and
someone blows it away.
But generally they used these
kind of periscopes to look up
and to survey the scene.
And if you went out into the
trenches it was--went out at
night as reconnaissance patrols,
and that was pretty dangerous.
Or, if you were particularly
heroic, and many of these people
in the infirmary service were,
you went out to try to bring
back the wounded before they
died.
And that's what--you have to
imagine this as being everything
from Switzerland to the English
Channel.
And there they are preparing
grenades.
Again, a lot of people in
France and in Germany are
hunters and they're used to
shooting,
but the idea of throwing a
grenade, there's not--there
weren't sports in France then--I
mean,
this is a lame,
and I apologize for this lame
analogy, but the idea of
throwing a grenade;
Americans throw baseballs and
stuff like that,
but it was--even that gesture
of throwing something took a
little of getting used to.
But here they are getting ready
to go again.
An incoming.
Going out at night.
And the other thing,
if you went out at night,
you couldn't see,
that was part of it,
because you couldn't be seen.
And, of course,
that's where you can get hung
up on barbed wire that you don't
know or encounter another patrol
from the other side.
And they tried to fool each
other to get people that grew up
in Alsace to speak German and
all of that.
And there's of course a
machinegun in placement,
the second big way of getting
killed.
Go there sometime,
go into Vaux and Douaumont and
try to imagine what it's like.
It must have been just
something.
And also the weather is
so--it's heavy weather so they
were dressed rather heavily.
These are sort of binocular
type things there.
And, well, voilà.
And that's sleeping
accommodations,
such as you would find.
If you look at that you could
also imagine being in a
submarine, because much of this
is underground there.
And then that's where you
slept, and you tried to figure
out who didn't come back,
after the--when the night
patrol came back.
The telephone systems,
the Germans had a huge
advantage in the east because
the Russian telephone system,
they'd managed to figure out
how it worked so they could hear
every single call,
if they were within range.
But the French system worked
better.
And also we're dealing with
telegraphs.
This is modern warfare.
What made it total warfare was
the mobilization of an entire
society, of its productive
capacity, to fight this war on,
and on, and on,
and on.
And, of course,
how the war ends with the
German troops way inside France
will have enormous repercussions
for the poisoning of the 1920s
and 1930s,
because it became easy for
Hitler to say--and for other,
he was just one,
there were lots of rightwing
leaders--to say,
"we were winning the war.
How did we lose it?
We were inside France.
We were stabbed in the back,
by who?
The Jews, the Communists,
the Socialists,
the weak ones,
not part of the true national
Volkish community," et cetera,
et cetera.
And bringing somebody back--I'm
sorry to say the man looks a
little peaked,
hauling him back.
And these are armed soldiers,
so this is not your infirmary
group.
There was some respect of the
Red Cross insignia and the white
flag, people tended to respect
that.
And also across--there were
these images.
In a place called Albert,
like Albert,
a town in the Somme that was
completely destroyed,
there was a statue of the
Virgin Mary, on top of a church,
and it was hit by a shell,
and it was hanging by a thread,
and soldiers on both sides
could see that,
the Virgin Mary hanging by a
thread,
and every day people think it's
going to get hit again,
and it's going to fall down.
And it became--that too became
sort of a myth about if it falls
it's going to sign--show that
France is going to lose and all
of that.
And a lot of these towns like
Arras and Reims--that's how the
Cathedral of Reims,
which is one of the great
cathedrals in Europe,
or anywhere else,
was destroyed because they're
right on the front,
right on the front.
And again infirmary,
there's infirmary guys there.
And I don't know what these
people--oh, they're distributing
water, that's what they're doing
they're distributing water.
Getting ready to go.
Charge over that.
The ones who didn't make it.
There's still a whole trench
with bayonets sticking up that
they more or less left the way
it was.
You can see that too,
they removed the bones.
And that's a night patrol going
out, crawling over those
craters.
It gives you a pretty good idea.
See the movie.
The explosions,
voilà.
That last one,
by the way, was simply called
Verdun Hell,
which is the way it was.
So, we're going to pass on to
not necessarily more cheery
subjects next time,
but we'll talk about why 1917
was the big year,
and talk about the end of the
war,
and what all that meant.
And, again, to discuss the
impact of all of this on French
society.
See you Wednesday.
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Chinese:
如果您的光学应用元件在激光共振腔中产生镜面反射，可能会对激光器产生损害。
嗨！我是爱特蒙特光学的产品线工程师Ehren，我将为您展示如何使用现货元件打造一个光隔离器，
我们需要一个吸收型线偏振片和一个四分之一波片，用于抵消不同偏振光带来的不利影响。
对于这个例子，我们特意将激光本身进行反射，来模拟背向反射。
首先，光束通过吸收型线偏振片变为线偏振光，再进过四分之一波片变为圆偏振光。
四分之一波片的慢轴旋转了45度，由此入射光束的偏振状态发生了改变。
当圆偏振光经反射镜进行镜面反射后，其偏振状态的螺旋性或者说方向发生了变化。
Chinese:
如果您的光學應用元件在雷射共振腔中產生鏡面反射，
對雷射的危險損害可能發生。
您好！我是愛特蒙特光學的產品線工程師 Ehren，而我將要
展示由庫存元件建構而成的光隔離器，如何使用
一個吸收型線性偏光片和四分之一波片，利用不同偏振狀況的光
來消除此不良影響。為此
展示，我們特別將雷射本身進行反射，以模擬後向反射。
首先，光束透過吸收型線性偏光片進行線性偏振，然後
再透過四分之一波片進行圓形偏振。
透過將四分之一波片的慢軸旋轉45
度至入射光束的偏振狀態，這得以實現。當圓形
偏振光束在反射鏡處經過鏡面反射，
English:
If components of your optical
application creates specular reflections
back into a laser cavity dangerous
damage to the laser can occur.
Hi! I'm Ehren product line engineer at
Edmund optics and i'm going to
demonstrate how an optical isolator
constructed from stock components an
absorptive linear polarizer and a
quarter wave plate can be used to negate
harmful effect using the different
polarization states of light. For this
demonstration we purposely reflected the
laser back in itself to simulate a back reflection.
First the beam is linearly polarized via
the absorptive linear polarizer then the
beam is circularly polarized via the
quarter wave plate.
This is achieved by rotating the slow
axis of the quarter wave plate to 45
degrees to the incoming beams
polarization state. When the circularly
polarized beam undergoes a specular
reflection at the mirror
Japanese:
あなたの光学アプリケーション中の部品が鏡面反射を起こし、
レーザーキャビティ内に光が戻ってしまったら、レーザーに損傷を引き起こします。
こんにちは。エドモンド・オプティクスの製品ラインエンジニアのEhrenです。
これから、在庫販売部品を用いた光アイソレーターの構築方法を実演します。
吸収型の偏光板とλ/4 波長板を用いることで光の偏光状態を変え、
この悪影響を解消することができます。本実演では
レーザー光を意図的に反射させて、戻り反射光となるようにしました。
まず、ビームは吸収タイプの偏光板を通って直線偏光になります。次に
λ/4 波長板を通って円偏光となります。
これは、λ/4 波長板の遅相軸を入射してくるビームの偏光方向に対して
45°回転させた時に実現できます。円偏光ビームが
ミラーで鏡面反射を受けた時に、
Korean:
광학 어플리케이션에서 사용되는 부품들은 거울 반사를 일으켜,
laser cavity로 되돌아가 레이저에 손상을 주는 위험한 경우가 발생할 수 있습니다.
안녕하세요! 저는 에드몬드 옵틱스의 product line engineer인 Ehren입니다.
제가 소개해드릴 내용은 기성 광학 부품과
흡수 linear polarizer, quarter wave plate를 활용해 optical isolator를 설계하는 방식, 그리고
여러 종류의 편광 상태를 이용해 이런 유해한 현상을 제거하는 방법에 관한 설명입니다.
이번 시연은 반사된 레이저가 레이저로 다시 돌아가도록 유도하여 후방 반사(back reflection)가 발생하도록 하는 모의실험입니다.
첫 번째 빔은 흡수 linear polarizer를 통해 선형 편광된 후,
quarter wave plate를 통해 원형 편광 상태가 됩니다.
이러한 현상은 quarter wave plate의 slow axis가 편광 상태로 들어오는 빔의 방향으로
45도 회전하면서 발생하게 됩니다. 원형으로 편광된 빔이
미러에서 거울 반사(specular reflection)를 수행할 경우,
English:
it's handedness or direction of its
polarization state changes
simply put the direction of the
circularly polarized light spins the
opposite direction of the incident beam.
As the beam then travels back through
the quarter wave plate
the circularly polarized light is
converted to linearly polarized light again.
However due to the changing of the handedness at the mirror, this new linearly
polarized light is oriented orthogonally
with respect to the original
polarization state meaning that the
light cannot pass through the linear
polarizer. The beam is present past the
isolator as you can see by this beam
splitter and screen arrangement.
However this beam splitter and screen
arrangement show that the beam is
present before the isolator meaning that
there is a back reflection from the mirror
and that the isolator is in correctly
aligned. When properly aligned the beam
remains present past the isolator but
there is no back reflection before the
isolator. This beam splitter and screen
arrangement indicates that the isolator
Japanese:
円偏光された光の方向が変化し、
入射ビームの回転方向とは真逆に回転する
円偏光に変わります。その後、
ビームはλ/4 波長板まで伝搬して
円偏光された光が直線偏光された光に再び変換されます。
しかしながら、ミラー面での回転方向の変化により、新たに
直線偏光となった光は、元の直線偏光の光とは振動面の向きが90°
異なるため、光は偏光板を通過することができなくなります。
アイソレーター通過後のビームは、このビームスプリッターと
スクリーン構成で再現しています。
一方、こちらのビームスプリッターとスクリーン構成では、アイソレーター通過前のビームが再現されていて、
ミラーからの戻り反射光はアイソレーターで
不適切にアライメントされています。ビームを適切にアライメントすれば、
アイソレーター通過後のビームには戻り反射が生じません。
このビームスプリッターとスクリーン構成は、アイソレーターが
Korean:
본래 편광 상태에 대한 방향이 바뀌게 되면서
다시 말해, 원형 편광된 빛은 입사한 빔과 반대 방향으로
회전하게 됩니다. 이러한 빔이 다시 quarter wave plate를
통해 되돌아가면,
원형 편광된 빛은 선형 편광된 빛으로 다시 한 번 변하게 됩니다.
그러나 미러에서의 방향 변화 때문에, 새로 생성된 이 선형 편광은
원래의 편광 상태와 직각을 이룸으로써
빛이 linear polarizer를 투과하지 못하는 것을 의미합니다.
isolator를 통과한 후에도 빔이 존재함을
빔 스플리터와 스크린의 배치에서 보실 수 있습니다.
하지만, 이 빔 스플리터와 스크린 배치는 빔이
isolator를 통과하기 전에도 존재하며, 미러로부터의 back reflection이 발생하고
isolator가 부정확하게 정렬됐음을 보여줍니다. 정확하게 정렬된 빔은
isolator를 통과한 후에도 남아 있으나, isolator를 지나기 전에는 back reflection이 발생하지 않습니다.
이와 같은 빔 스플리터와 스크린의 적절한 배치는 isolator가
Chinese:
简单地说，反射之后的圆偏振光与入射光束的旋转方向相反。
光束返回，再次通过四分之一波片，
圆偏振光再次转变为线偏振光。
然而，由于反射镜使光的螺旋性发生了变化，
新的线偏振光正交于原来的偏振状态，
这意味着光无法穿过线偏振片。
通过这种分光镜和屏幕布局，你会发现光通过隔离器后再次出现了。
然而，从这种分光镜和屏幕布局中可以看到，隔离器前也有光，意味着反射镜发生了背向反射，该隔离器没有被准确对准。
当光束被准确对准后仍会在通过隔离器后出现，但在隔离器之前背向反射已经消失。
这分光镜和屏幕布局表示隔离器已准确对准，没有发生背向反射，光束已被成功隔离。
Chinese:
該偏振狀態的旋向性或方向會產生變化。
簡單而言，圓形偏振光
與入射光束的旋轉方向成反比。然後，當光束往回經過
四分之一波片，
圓形偏振光則再次轉化為線性偏振光。
但是，因反射鏡處的旋向性變化，此新的線性
偏振光相對於原始的偏振狀態進行相互正交，
這意味著光無法通過線性
偏光片。如您所見，透過使用此
分光鏡與螢幕排列方式，該光束可通過隔離器出現。
但是，該分光鏡與螢幕排列方式顯示光束
在放置隔離器之前就已存在，這意味著反射鏡產生了後向反射，
而隔離器也已準確對準。當隔離器已準確對準，光束
依然通過隔離器出現，但在通過
隔離器之前，則不會產生後向反射。此分光鏡與螢幕排列方式表示，隔離器
Korean:
정확하게 정렬되어 back reflection이 발생하지 않고 beam isolation이 성공적으로
구현됨을 보여줍니다. 고객의 어플리케이션과 기성 광학 부품 통합에 관한 더 많은
정보를 얻고 싶으시다면, edmundoptics.co.kr을 방문해 주시기 바랍니다.
시청해주셔서 감사합니다.
Japanese:
適切にアライメントされていれば、戻り反射が一切生じず、アイソレーションに成功していることを物語っています。
在庫部品をあなたのアプリケーションに実装する方法に関する
更なる情報は、Edmundoptics.com にアクセスください。
ご覧いただき、ありがとうございました。
Chinese:
已準確對準，並沒有產生後向反射，而光束也已
成功進行隔離。如需將庫存
元件整合到應用的更多資訊，請造訪Edmundoptics.com。
感謝您收看此視訊。
Chinese:
如果您想知道如何将现货光学件集成到您的应用中，更多详情请访问我们的网站Edmundoptics.com
感谢您的收看。
English:
is properly aligned, that there is no
back reflection, and the beam has been
successfully isolated. For more
information on how to integrate stock
components into your application please
visit us at Edmundoptics.com
Thanks for watching.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Botswana
Bekannt als eines der besten Safari-Ziele
aufgrund seines Tierreichtums
Aber es gibt so viel mehr zu entdecken
Folgt uns auf unserem 4x4 Abenteuer
durch ein wundervoll-wildes Land
Unsere Reise in Botswana startete im Norden
weil wir den Chobe Nationalpark
von Namibia aus betraten
Anstelle die asphaltiere Straße zu nehmen
entschieden wir uns für das Abenteuer des
Chobe Riverfront Weges
Die Gegend am Chobe Fluss
ist eine der besten Safariorte in Botswana
Nach kurzer Zeit entdeckten wir eine große Herde Impalas
eine Herde Zebras mit Fohlen
ein Wasserbock im Schatten
und eine große Schar Pelikane
Hunderte teilten sich einen kleinen Abschnitt des Flusses
und bewegten sich im Takt
Sie versammeln sich in so großer Zahl
um besser vor Feinden geschützt zu sein
Eines der Tiere, welches schwimmende Pelikane jagt
ist das Nil-Krokodil
Diese Reptilien sind Meister der Tarnung
Sogar im flachen Wasser
Jedoch kann man sie häufig beim Sonnen beobachten
Ein Zebra wäre ein willkommenes Mahl
für diese Krokodile
Elefanten sind in keiner Gefahr
Eine wichtige Rolle im Leben vieler Tiere
spielt der Madenhacker
welcher die Tiere von Zecken befreit
Die Wege entlang des Chobe Flusses
sind sehr abenteuerlich
weil viele Tiere über den Weg laufen
Man sollte beim Fahren immer die
Büsche entang des Weges beobachten
Viele Tiere wie Grünmeerkatzen
bis hin zu Löwenjungen könnten sich dort verstecken
Manchmal kann es sogar ein großes Hippo sein
welches genüßlich das trockene Gras frisst
Als wir diese Schiffstouren auf dem Fluss sahen
entschieden wir uns, ebenso den Fluss zu erkunden
Am nächsten Nachmittag, ging es für uns los
Es dauerte nicht lange bis wir eine Gruppe Elefanten
nahe am Fluss aufspürten
Der Chobe NP ist bekannt für seine
großen Elefantenherden
Am liebsten versammeln sie sich am Fluss
Hier können sie genüßlich, das frische Grass fressen
Es ist außerdem ein guter Übungsplatz für junge Elefanten
welche gegeneinander Kämpfen
Diese zwei nahmen die Sache sehr ernst
was anscheinend einen älteren Bullen besorgte
Er ging zwischen die Beiden, um den Kampf zu stoppen
Das interessierte die Jungtiere nicht sonderlich
da sie sofort hinterm Rücken wieder zu kämpfen anfingen
Ein weiteres Tier, welches den Lebensraum teilt
ist der afrikanische Büffel
welcher sich in großen Zahlen versammelt
Kleiner und schwerer zu entdecken
sind die Warane, die in diesem Ökosystem leben
Am meisten interessierten uns die Hippos
welche im Fluss leben
Während die Sonne langsam unterging,
fuhren die Boote zurück
Wir haben es gerade nach Simbabwe geschafft
denn wir fahren zu den Viktoriafällen
Die Bürokratie war etwas intensiver hier
es war ein ziemliches Chaos
es fühlte sich wirklich nach Afrika an
LKWs und Autos waren überall geparkt
es gab kaum einen Weg durch
Aber es gab auch Leute die freundlich waren
und uns geholfen haben die richtigen Papiere
an den richten Stellen zu unterschreiben
Damit wir alle Genehmigungen erhalten
Sobald man an der Grenze ankommt
ist da eigentlich nur eine Schranke
die manuell geöffnet und geschlossen wird
Das ist die ganze Grenze
Aber wir mussten noch ein Dokument ausfüllen
und ich habe beinahe die Stiftkappe
vom Grenzbeamten gestohlen
Sehr interessanter Grenzübergang
Definitiv eine ordentliche Portion Abenteuer
Bei den Viktoriafällen
stürzt der große Sambesi-Fluss
in eine 1.7km breite Schlucht
Aufgrund ihrer Breite
sind die Viktoriafälle kein einzelner Wasserfall
sondern eher eine Ansammlung an Fällen
Der tiefste Fall der Viktoriafälle sind 108m
was kombiniert mit seiner Breite
dazu führt, dass die Fälle zu den zwei größten der Welt zählen
Der einzige Rivale ist der Iguazu-Fall in Südamerika
Die Viktoriafälle befinden sich sowohl in Sambia
als auch Simbabwe
Wobei viele Leute meinen,
dass die bessere Aussicht in Simbabwe liegt
Andererseits kann man nur in Sambia
in den Devils Pools baden
Wir stehen am Rand der Viktoriafälle
in Simbabwe
und wir baden wir sprichwörtlich
Es fliegt soviel Wasser in die Luft
Der Wasserfall trägt den Spitznamen
Der Rauch der Donnert
Der Name macht sehr viel Sinn
Wir sind klitschnass
Die Menge an Spritzwasser ist immens
Wenn man bedenkt, dass dies die Trockenzeit ist
kann man sich gut vorstellen
wie viel Wasser in der Regenzeit fliegt
Es gibt mehrere Aussichtspunkte entlang der Wasserfälle
welche alle eine andere Perspektive bieten
Besonders beeindruckend, war der Aussichtspunkt
an den Hauptfällen
welcher uns mit einem Regenbogen bescherte
Ein kleines Stück weiter
ist ein weiterer toller Aussichtspunkt
welcher einen Blick in die Schlucht gewährt
Dieser Punkt ist nur für Leute geeignet
die keine Höhenangst haben
Da man direkt an der Klippe sitzt
und in den turbulenten Sambesi Fluss schaut
Wir entschieden uns
dass die Aussicht vom Boden nicht reicht
und buchten daher einen Helikopterflug
für den nächsten Morgen
Es dauerte nicht lange bis wir unterwegs waren
In nur einer Minute erschien die tiefe Schlucht
des Sambesi Flusses
Die Aussicht aus der Luft ist atemberaubend
da man die komplette Breite der Fälle sieht
Nach nur dreizehn Minuten
und zwei Kreisen über den Fällen
flogen wir zurück
Aber es war ohne Frage ein unvergessliches Erlebnis
Zurück in Botswana fuhren wir nach Süden
in Richtung der großen Salzpfannen
in der Mitte des Landes
Entlang des Highways trafen wir auf mehrere
kontrollierte Buschbrände
welche das Gras wegbrannten
aber den Rest der Landschaft versehrten
So etwas macht uns echt wütend
Botswana ist so ein schönes Land
mit so vielen Tieren und schöner Natur
und so viel Ökotourismus
aber dann fahren wir hier entlang
und man sieht Müll der achtlos hingeworfen wurde
Das ist eine riesige Müllhalde
direkt an der Straße
mit Glasflaschen und Plastik, dass durch die Landschaft fliegt
Das ist sehr enttäuschend
wenn man sowas sieht und es mit der
wundervollen Natur um uns vergleicht
Wir waren sehr froh
als wir den Highway in Richtung Wildnis verließen
Mehr als 100km Sand und Staub
trennte uns von unserem Ziel
Kubu Island
In mehreren Stunden Fahrt,
trafen wir genau 2 andere Autos
Das ist die Wildnis, für die wir nach Afrika gekommen sind
Die Landschaft in diesem Teil von Botswana
ist sehr flach
und vor allem von Gras bedeckt
mit ein paar Büschen und Bäumen hier und da
Natürlich bietet das hohe Gras ein perfektes Versteck
für Steinböckchen
Knapp vorm Sonnenuntergang erreichten wir Kubu Island
eine felsige Landzunge, welche von majestätischen
Baobab-Bäumen bewachsen ist
Diese Bäume sind ohne Frage mehrere hundert Jahre alt
Einige Exemplare haben sogar mehr als 2000 Jahre erreicht
Sie sind echte Überlebenskünstler
welche große Mengen Wasser
in ihren Stämmen lagern
Baobabs gibt es in allen Formen und Größen
Ziemlich häufig sehen sie dabei lustig aus
Die Früchte des Baums sind bei Tieren beliebt
Kubu Island grenzt direkt an eine große Salzpfanne
in einem Gebiet, welches den Namen
Makgadikgadi Pfannen trägt
Wir entschieden uns mehr der Salzpfannen zu erkunden
und entschieden uns für eine Strecke
die direkt durch eine Pfanne führt
In der Trockenzeit ist es einfach über
die Sazpfannen zu fahren
In der Regenzeit ist es sehr gefährlich
Besucher werden ermutigt auf dem Hauptweg zu bleiben
da das Ökosystem fragil ist
Nicht jeder hält sich jedoch an die Regeln
Nicht viele Tiere können in dieser
apokalyptischen Landschaft überleben
Der Strauß ist natürlich hervorragend angepasst
Während viele Wege hart und trocken sind
gibt es auch einige weichere Stellen
welche extrem staubig sind
Die Menge an Staub hinter dem Auto
ist schwer vorstellbar
Natürlich findet er auch einen Weg ins Innere
Wenn man auf diesen Wegen läuft
sind die Beine schnell komplett eingestaubt
Am Ende des Tages
war das ganze Auto eingestaubt
und es dauerte eine Weile es zu befreien
Nach einigen Stunden Fahrt
erreichten wir unser nächstes Ziel
den sogenannten Green's Baobab
Der Baum trägt viele Gravuren früherer Reisender
Nicht weit weg können die Überreste von Chapmans Baobab gefunden werden
In einem Dachzelt zu schlafen ist nichts für jeden
vor allem nicht für Leute die Angst vor Dreck oder Staub haben
Denn unweigerlich wird man irgendwann
sehr dreckig
und sehr staubig, wie man sieht
Wenn man am Auto langklettert
nachdem man staubige Wege befahren hat
führt dazu, dass man von oben bis unten verstaubt ist
Aber am Ende des Tages
oder eher am Anfang des Tages
wenn man an solchen Orten aufwacht
ist es das alles wert
Auch wenn es generell schwer ist
irgendwelche Tiere in dieser Landschaft zu finden
steigern sich die Chancen
sobald man in die Nähe von Wasser kommt
Nahe zu einem Wasserloch
trafen wir auf diese Gruppe Elefanten
welche den Schlamm als Sonnenschutz nutzte
Auch wenn diese Schlammklumpen nicht so effektiv
wie Staub sind, die Haut zu bedecken
fuhren diese Elefanten geduldig fort
In diesem Teil Botswanas können die Temperaturen
schnell auf über 40 Grad steigen
was schwer auszuhalten ist, ohne Klimaanlage
Nach all den trockenen Landschaften
freuten wir uns auf das Okavango Delta
Es gibt viele 4x4 Wege
die durch das Moremi Game Reserve führen
mit vielen Chancen Orte zu erkunden
Das Game Reserve bedeckt große Teile des
östlichen Okavango-Deltas
und verbindet eine permanente Wasserquelle
mit trockeneren Gegenden
Moremi ist eines der besten Safari Gebiete
in Botswana
und es ist einfach zu sehen, warum
Der Tierreichtum ist sehr groß
Viele Arten kann man leicht ohne einen
professionellen Guide entdecken
Moremi GR is außerdem perfekt
für abenteuerlustige Reisende
weil es nur mit Geländewagen erkundet werden kann
Es gibt viele tiefe Sandwege
welche eine eher holprige Fahrt bieten
Ein Höhepunkt waren ohne Frage
die kleinen Brücken entlang des Weges
Diese Brücken sind mit unbefestigten Mopane-Stämmen gebaut
welche sich frei hin und her bewegen
Unser Lieblingsort war Third Bridge
wo eine Mopanebrücke mit einem Wasserloch verbunden war
Als wir im Caprivi-Streifen waren
haben wir ein traditionelles Instrument gekauft
einen Hippo-Caller
Und das ist ein einfaches Werkzeug
Holz außen
Kuhhaut oben drauf
und ein Bambusstock in der Mitte
Die echte Magie passiert
wenn man seine Hand befeuchtet
und dann den Bambusstock reibt
denn das imitiert das Geräusch eines Hippos
welches froh ist, weil es frisches Gras gefunden hat
Der Effekt dessen ist
das Hippos im Wasser darauf reagieren
sie kommen näher ans Ufer
und näher an uns heran
Am Anfang waren sie noch auf beiden Seiten der Lagune
aber jetzt sind sie direkt vor uns
weil sie das frische Gras wollen
Neben dem Spaß bei der Benutzung
brachte uns der Hippo-Caller gute Resultate
Fast jedes Wasserloch
und jeder kleine Fluss ist von Hippos
im Okavango-Delta bewohnt
Den Großteil des Tages verbringen sie unter Wasser
wobei nur der Kopf herausschaut
Hippos leben in Gruppen
manchmal mit bis zu 50 Tieren
Ein ausgewachsenes Hippo ist ein massives Tier
welches leicht 1500kg erreicht
Terrirotialkämpfe sind nichts ungewöhnliches
wie die tiefen Narben dieses Hippos zeigen
Ihre Zähne können locker 50cm Länge erreichen
Sie sind häufig zu sehen
während der charakteristischen Hippo-Gähner
welche ein wahres Spektakel sind
Ähnlich wie andere Tiere, sind sie dankbar
für die Dienste des Madenhackers
Bei all diesen Wasserlöchern
ist es immer eine gute Idee die Wassertiefe zu überprüfen
bevor man durchfährt
Bei längeren Strecken lässt es sich schwerer einschätzen
aber man sollte nicht durchlaufen
Manchmal muss man einfach hoffen
dass es nicht so tief ist, wie es aussieht
Wenn etwas schief geht
gibt es mit Sicherheit jemand, der sich auf einen Snack freut
Während Moremi viele feuchte und überflutete Gebiete bietet
so gibt es auch einige Wälder
Mit genug Zeit und Geduld, kann man
einige Waldbewohner beobachten
Sehr klein und schwer zu entdecken
sind Zwergmangusten
Sie leben in Familien von bis zu 30 Tieren
und können normalerweise auf der Suche nach Insekten
auf dem Waldboden beobachtet werden
Ein Tier der Gruppe ist immer etwas höher platziert
um die Gegend nach Feinden abzusuchen
Ein naher Verwandert der Zwergmanguste
ist die Schlankmanguste
Einige der Waldgebiete zeigen,
dass es eine lange trockene Saison war
weil die Blätter nach Herbst aussehen
Das ist ohne Frage
die wildeste Campsite auf der wir je waren
Heute stand erst ein Elefant direkt auf unserer Campsite
Dann lief er auf den anderen Campsites rum
Später abends zog eine ganze Elefantenherde durch
Vor einigen Minuten
sind zwei Löwen weniger als 20m an uns vorbei gelaufen
Hippos rufen im Teich, 100m weit weg
Es ist unfassbar wild hier
und wunderschön!
Eingeklemmt zwischen Moremi GR
und dem Chobe Nationalpark
liegt die Gegend um Khwai
welche vermutlich einige der schönsten
Landschaften Botswanas bietet
Wegen des Wasserreichtums
und des frischen grünen Grases
ist diese Gegend bei Wasserböcken sehr beliebt
Wasserböcke sind große, fellige Antilopen
welche in Herden von 6-30 Tieren leben
Sie haben charakteristische weiße Fellstreifen
auf ihren Hinterteilen
welche sehr nützlich bei der Orientierung sind
wenn sie vor Feinden fliehen
Männliche Wasserböcke haben außerdem große Hörner
welche sie in Territorialkämpfen einsetzen
Die Gegend ist außerdem bei großen Herden
Afrikanischer Büffel beliebt
welche zum Fluss kommen, um zu trinken
Zusätzlich findet man viele Vögel
wie die Gabelschwanzracke
den Sattelstorch
den Elsterwürger
Kraniche
den Afrikanischen Wiedehopf
den Gelbschnabeltoko
und den Graufischer
Unser persönlicher Höhepunkt entlang des Khwai Flusses
war diese jungen Elefanten beim Baden zu beobachten
Bei den hohen Temperaturen konnten wir uns gut vorstellen
wie erfrischen das Bad im Nass war
Typisch für junge Männchen blieb es nicht lange friedlich
Botswana bietet auch schmerzliche Überraschungen
Als ich heute Morgen das Dachzelt abgebaut habe
klettere ich die Leiter herab
und spürte sofort einen stechenden Schmerz
in meinem rechten Fuß
Ich bin in einen sehr dorningen Zweig getreten
der direkt in meinen Fuß stach
nicht sehr angenehm
Später am Abend
hatten wir außerdem da Glück diese nachtaktive
Serval Katze, nahe unserer Campsite zu entdecken
Am nächsten Morgen starteten wir vorm Sonnenaufgang
und wurden sofort mit der Sichtung einer Löwin belohnt
welche entspannt auf unserem Weg lief
Eine kurze Zeit später
trafen wir auf unseren ersten Honigdachs
Honigdachse sind ebenfalls nachtaktiv
Dieser hier war aber anscheinend noch hungrig
da er aktiv auf dem Waldboden suchte
Ein bisschen später wurde unser Tag noch besser
als wir auf diesen Löwen im südlichen Chobe NP trafen
Er ist auch kein Fan der ganzen Dornen
Die frühe Morgensonne sah magisch aus
als er entlang des Weges marschierte
Es scheint, er war noch ein bisschen müde
Auch wenn wir den ganzen Weg bis Savuti
im Zentrum des Chobe NP fuhren
sahen wir nicht viel mehr
weil alles sehr trocken war
Es war dann an der Zeit die Tierreichen Gegenden
gegen den einsamen Westen des Landes zu tauschen
Wir fuhren mehrere hundert Kilometer
durch unbewohnte Landschaften
Unser Ziel war die ganze Fahrt wert
da es zu Botswanas wildesten
und abgelegensten Sehenswürdigkeiten zählt
Man nennt es die Gcwihaba Höhlen
Es gibt einen nördlichen und einen südlichen Eingang
zum Höhlensystem
Ersterer ist etwas einfacher zu begehen
weil es drei Treppen gibt
In den Höhlen trafen wir schnell auf faszinierende
Stalaktiten und Stalagmiten
Die Erkunding dieser Höhlen ist nur
für abenteuerlustige Reisende geeignet
Es gibt niemanden, der sich kümmert
oder den Besuch aufnimmt
Um genau zu sein
Niemand ist in einem 50km Radius um die Höhlen
Wir waren ziemlich allein in diesen dunklen Höhlen
Oder vielleicht doch nicht?
Wir erkunden dieses Höhlensystem
und haben uns richtig erschrocken
Wir liefen entlang des Weges
und leuchteten mit unseren Taschenlampen
und plötzlich bewegte sich etwas
und flog in unsere Richtung
Hier leben tausende Fledermäuse,
die in kleinen Felspalten leben
Sie bewegen sich ab und an
manche fliegen sogar rum
Normalerweise fressen sie nur nachts
aber wahrscheinlich, weil wir hier durchlaufen
sind einige aufgewacht
und es ist faszinierend sie zu beobachten
Sie machen diese kleinen Geräusche
hohe Stimmen
wahrscheinlich kommunizieren sie miteinander
Ein sehr faszinierender Ort!
Diese kleinen Hufeisennasen
sind nur 7cm lang
und wiegen 6g
Sie leben bevorzugt in Höhlen
in Gruppen von Hunderten von Tieren
Kurze Zeit später trafen wir auf Ägyptische Schlitznasen
welche etwas größer sind
Sie fühlten sich deutlich gestörter
Viele von Ihnen flogen umher
als wir näher kamen
Wir entschieden uns die Höhlen noch etwas tiefer zu erkunden
Wir suchten für mehr als drei Stunden
um die Verbindung zwischen Nord und Südeingang zu finden
Wir versuchten alles
und krabbelten sogar durch enge Spalte
aber, es war zwecklos
Wir haben jetzt den nördlichen und den südlichen Eingang erkundet
aber wir haben die Verbindung nicht gefunden
Anscheinend gab es in der Vergangenheit ein Seil
welches beide Eingänge verband
aber es ist nicht mehr da
und an einer Stelle ging es 2m runter
Also entschieden wir uns, es dabei zu belassen
und mit den tollen Erinnerungen zu gehen
anstelle in den Höhlen verloren zu gehen
aber wow - was für ein cooler Ort
Ein bisschen später sahen wir ein örtliches Fußballspiel
und fanden uns bald am Grenzzaun zu Namibia
Der Weg schien erst in Ordnung zu sein
aber war schon bald komplett überwachsen
Nach vielen Kilometern auf sandigen Wegen
dachten wir, wir könnten ein bisschen Zeit
auf dem Highway gutmachen
Das klappte jedoch nicht wie geplant
Botswana bietet einen großen Reichtum an 4x4 Wegen
Aber wenn ihr denkt, dass Offroading stoppt
sobald die asphaltiere Straße beginnt
dann irrt ihr euch
Schaut euch das an
Das ist einer der großen Highways des Landes
und er ist übersäht mit Schlaglöchern
welche manchmal 20-30cm tief sind
Es dauerte länger als erwartet
aber wir kamen trotzdem an unserem Ziel an
Tsodillo Hills
ein Ort mit vielen tollen Felszeichnungen
Zusammen mit unserem Guide
erkundeten wir den Rhino Weg
um die Gegend zu erkunden
Diese Hügel haben eine wichtige
kulturelle und spirituelle Bedeutung
für die San Menschen
Diese Menschen waren die mittleren Steinzeitmenschen
Und der Stamm hieß !Kung
Dieser Stamm malte diese Zeichnungen
sie nutzen Hämatit
Kohle
Ortstein
gemischt mit Tierfetten
Urin und Blut
Hier sieht man das Zebra
Man sieht es nicht mehr komplett, weil
Besucher es immer wieder berührt haben
Der Jackal
Kudu und Baby-Kudu
und die Löwen sie man sieht
zeigen, dass hier mit Fingern gemalt wurde
Hier ist die Giraffe
langer Hals
Beine und der Schwanz
Hier ist das Vieh
Steinböckchen
Baby Eland und die Mutter
Antilope und ein geometrisches Design
Das geometrische Design wurde von Heilern
in spezifischen Ritualen benutzt
Es gibt eine Vielzahl an Felszeichnungen
Manche sind verschwommen
andere noch deutlich zu sehen
Manche waren einfach zu erkennen
andere waren eher abstrakt
wie dieser Pinguin
Unser Guide zeigte uns außerdem ein altes Spiel
welches noch heute gespielt wird
Ich werfe den Stein hoch
und während er in der Luft ist
nimmt die gleiche Hand die Steine hier raus
dann muss ich ihn fangen
und wenn man nicht fängt?
Dann hast du versagt!
Wir verbrachten eine letzte Nacht am Okavango
welchen wir zum ersten Mal seit Namibia sahen
Immer auf der Suche nach neuen Abenteuern
entschieden wir uns den Okavango
auf einer klapprigen alten Fähre zu überqueren
Diese Fähre ist der einzige Weg über den Okavango
um auf die Ostseite in Botswana zu gelangen
Der Zustand des Führerhauses war nicht sonderlich vertrauenserweckend
Ebensowenig die Rettungsringe
oder wozu auch immer diese halbe Flasche genutzt wurde
Aber das war genau das Abenteuer
für welches wir nach Botswana gereist waren
Immerhin funktionierten die Motoren
und so bewegten wir uns langsam in Richtung Ostseite
Nach ein paar Minuten kamen wir auf der Ostseite an
Ironischerweise sahen wir den Fluss in den nächsten 50km nicht mehr
daher drehten wir um, und fuhren zurück
Auf unserem Weg nach Süden in Richtung Kalahari
verbrachten wir eine weitere Nacht in der Wildnis
an einem wundervollen Ort
Die Kalahari Wüste ist nicht auf einen Nationalpark in Botswana beschränkt
sondern bedeckt viel mehr den ganzen Süden des Landes
Ein geschütztes Gebiet ist das Central Kalahari Game Reserve
welches wir besuchten
Gleich am Anfang trafen wir auf dieses lustige Duo
Generell ist das Gebiet sehr beliebt
bei Steinböckchen
von welchen wir viele sahen
Wir sahen auch unser erstes junges Steinböckchen
welches wirklich winzig war
Wenn ihr dachtet,
dass die Schlaglöcher auf dem Highway schlimm waren
dann präsentieren wir euch stolz
Botswanas tiefstes Schlagloch
Schaut euch das an
Das Central Kalahari GR
ist ein sehr trockener Ort
welcher von Gras
Büschen und einigen Pfannen dominiert wird
Im Vergleich zum Okavango Delta
sieht man nicht so viele Tiere
Aber mit ein bisschen Geduld
hat man eine gute Change Springböcke
Kudus
Gnus
und Oryx zu sehen
Sie versammeln sich vor allem an den Wasserlöchern
des Parks
und teilen begierig das Wasser
Die niedrige Vegetation
erlaubte es uns weiter in die Ferne zu schauen
und so entdeckten wir unsere ersten
Löffelfüchse
Löffelfüchse suchen normalerweise in Paaren nach Nahrung
welches sie mit ihren großen Ohren finden
Überraschenderweise ernähren sie sich vornehmlich von Insekten
Viele Landschaften gleichen sich im Park
eine Ausnahme war diese schwarze Pfanne
Das Glück war einmal mehr auf unserer Seite
als wir auf ein Rudel Wildhunde trafen
Wildhunde zählen zu den gefährdesten Säugetieren
es gibt nur noch ein paar Tausend
Sie sind hochentwickelte Jäger
die in Rudeln von 5-40 Tieren jagen
und dabei ihre Beute bis zur Erschöpfung jagen
Auch wenn sie selbst hervorragend Jäger sind
sind sie manchmal das Opfer von Löwen
Wenn man die Kalahari erkunden will
muss man aufs viele Fahren
auf sandigen Wegen vorbereitet sein
oft mit einem Tempo von 30kmh pro Stunde
Schneller zu fahren kann zu einer Katastrophe führen
Wir fanden uns bald auf Wegen
welche häufiger von Vieh
als von Autos genutzt wurden
Für mehr als die letzten fünf Wochen
haben wir unsere Pläne spontan gemacht
Alle Distanzen
alle Ziele
die wir uns gesetzt hatten
alles hat geklappt
Aber anscheinend habe ich
ein kleinen Rechenfehler gemacht
Wir fahren gerade durch die Kalahari
und es stellt sich heraus
dass von jetzt an
es ist 17:00 Uhr
bis morgen Abend
müssen wir noch
700km fahren
was in Botswana enorm viel ist
weil man manchmal nur 30-40kmh fahren kann
Wir fahren schon den ganzen Tag
wir sind seit 11h unterwegs
und wir sind vielleicht 200km gefahren
Ich weiß nicht ganz was wir machen
ob wie den ganzen Tag
und die ganze Nacht fahren
aber 700km stehen auf dem Plan
Natürlich fuhren wir durch die Nacht
Mit mehreren hundert Kilometern vor uns
hatten wir keine andere Wahl
Der einzige Lichtblick war,
das wir einen Springhasen entdeckten
ein lustiger Hase, der wie ein
Känguru rumhüpft
Halb eins erreichten wir schließlich eine Campsite
Früh am nächsten Morgen ging es weiter
auf dem Weg in den tiefen Südwesten Botswanas
Die sandigen Wege machten viel Spaß
und die Strapazen der Nacht waren schnell vergessen
Unser Ziel war der Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Ein Nationalpark der Wildnis von Botswana
und Südafrika verbindet
Charakteristisch für die botswanische Seite
sind sandige, rote 4x4 Wege
welche unberührte Natur durchqueren
Entlang der Wege, wächst vor allem Gras
und viele dornige Büche
Typisch für die Kalahari
gibt es auch einige trockene Pfannen
Beeindruckend ist die Anzahl an Wirbelwinden
welche aus dem Nichts entstehen
Sie durchqueren die Pfanne
und verlieren all ihr Momentum
sobald sie den Pfannenrand erreichen
Der trockene Boden ist außerdem sehr beliebt
bei afrikanischen Erdhörnchen
welche man häufig auf der Suche nach
Wurzeln, Samen und Insekten sieht
Sie haben sehr runde Gesichter
und buschige Schwänze
was es einfach macht, sie von einem anderen
Bodenbewohner zu unterscheiden
dem Erdmännchen
Erdmännchen zählen zu den niedlichsten Tieren
und es ist hart dem zu widersprechen
Erdmännchen sind immer wachsam
Sie beobachten den Himmel auf der Suche nach Feinden
Nach einem langen Tag auf
wundervollen Sandwegen
erreichten wir unsere Campsite
wo wir von einigen Nashornvögeln empfangen wurden
Diese Vögel sieht man häufig
im südlichen Afrika
da sie in einer Fülle an Habitaten leben
Sie sind neugierig
und zeigen wenig Angst vor Menschen
Es gibt zwei verschiedene Subspezies
von Nashornvögeln im südlichen Afrika
den Rotschnabeltoko
und den Gelbschnabeltoko
wobei man zweiteren häufiger sieht
Nashornvögel leben am Boden während des Tages
immer auf der Suche nach Nahrung
Ihre Nahrung reicht von Insekten
zu Früchten
und manchmal Geckos
Die untergehende Sonne strahlte diese Vögel toll an
während sie im Sand nach Insekten und Samen suchten
Wir beobachteten sie bis die Sonne untergegangen war
und der Gesang der Vögel
von den Rufen der Dickschwanzgeckos ersetzt wurde
Der nächste Tag führte uns auf die Südafrikanische Seite des Parks
wo wir auch größere Tiere sahen
Darunter war ein weiblicher Springbok
mit ihrem frischgeborenen Jungen
Weiterhin erspähten wir die bekannten
schwarzmähnigen Kalahari Löwen
Wir erkundeten den Park für viele weitere Stunden
auf der botswanischen Seite
in dem wir auf wunderschönen roten Sandwegen fuhren
Dabei dachten wir uns
dass dieser Park ein unberührtes Juwel Botswanas ist
Dasselbe gilt für ein Gebiet nördlich des Parks
dem Kaa Kalahari Concession Area
Diese Gegend ist genauso wild und einsam
wie der Rest der Kalahari
Wundervolle offene Savannen
und offene Pfannen zeichnen die Gegend aus
Wir wussten, dass dies unsere letzte Nacht
in der echten Wildnis sein würde
Daher schauten wir wehmütig dem Sonnenuntergang zu
Wir machten uns ein schönes Feuer
Genossen unsere Einsamkeit zusammen
und bewunderten die Millionen Sterne am Himmel
Am nächsten Morgen bauten wir das Dachzelt ab
und fuhren zurück in die Zivilisation
Botswana
Das war ein klasse Abenteuer
mit Erinnerungen für die Ewigkeit
Wir haben den Wert wilder Natur gelernt
Tiere die wild und frei leben
die durch ihre natürlichen Habitate streifen
die vollkommen glücklich
ohne menschlichen Einfluss leben
Es ist unsere Pflicht diese Ökosysteme zu schützen
damit zukünftige Generationen
all diese Orte unserer Welt bestaunen können
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What's up guys Jimmy?
or cows before we get into the video wanted to share something with you pretty cool june theme over on gamer Crates is a
Chaos Crate which is really really cool. So if any of you decide to go over there to get it
You can do one month you can do a year you can cancel at any time?
I'm going to follow back anybody that shows me proof that they got the Chaos crate over on Twitter
Just tweet me proof and I'm going to give you a follow these are some of the past crates
They have a ton of cool stuff and of course
This one is all themed team Chaos and also
I had them set up a discount code for you on top of that so use promo code Chaos save a little bit of money
If you get the gamer [crates], and I will tell you I can't tell you a lot because it's a secret
But there is a shirt involved and g fuel is
Involved with the Chaos crate for june so go over to gamer Crates link at the top of the description if you get one let
Me know, and I can't wait for you guys to get them in june and be able to open them [now]
Let's get in to the Top 10
Camping spots with some honorable mentions at the end as always and we've done one of these in the past
But there's a lot of spots
So I thought we would do an update and everybody likes to talk about those spots
So it's actually the top floor of the market on standoff in Black Ops 2 you can see see Tom and be Tom in other
Important parts, and what better way to stay up there on the market that went to L
Set with the target finder does this does this not ring a bell does this not bring back?
memories for everybody when it comes to black Ops 2 and stand off [and] we're going to go [over] a lot of
Frustrating positions that you guys were very actively tweeting it at me. There's a lot of animosity toward campers
So here's what I want you to do a like equals every time you've ever caught and killed a camper in
Call of Duty
Just remember that let that sink in [I] like on this video in a comment equals that alright number
Nine from coal Barret the building in the back corner [a] prison break from [ghost] [there] was always noobs up there with ieds
Hashtag [kill] [it]. Well. There's not one noob
There's literally a whole team of noobs
And this was a normal occurrence on this map in prison break this was oh
Frustrating because a team could literally hold this to level prison Tower the entire match [I]
Hate it this map just for this reason because you would be focusing now of course
They're not going [for] the objective or anything like that
But you would be focusing the whole match
Trying to get the little cockroaches out of the tower
And it was almost impossible because it was two levels and there were so much cover in it the spot sucked
coming in at number eight from it's actually again on top of the building [hum] [Plaza] from Black Ops 2 Straight view
To be Tommnow. I will let you guys pick which one but look at the walls
you are basically on a roof that is considered a
Fortress, and once again what better way to do that [than] to throw some claymores or some shock charges on the ladders get you an
L set Maybe put a little Target finder on it and
Set up shop
[for] the entire match and the problem is there's only one ladder going up this thing
I think there's only one ladder on most of the roof spots to get up them and if you had claymores or bouncing betties
It was game over [it] was a traditional
classic camping spot on this map
Let me know if you guys be honest have you ever just stayed up here and done your thing coming in at number?
[seven] from its ARc see again the radio tower on array on Black Ops 1 hashed out
Chaos [top] [10] one of those popular camping spots this one
Wasn't as good there was no cover was that it look at that trick shot
And it wasn't just camping it was trick shot people trying to do their thing [-] it was definitely a camping spot people would lay
prone in there
But it didn't have a lot of cover, so this one wasn't as frustrating it also
I want to give an honorable mention to the same map the actual building across from the Array tower
This was a campers delight. It was huge. You can never find them
They have multiple windows to access they have the elevation
I mean
It was just everything about it
Sucked if the team actually had control of this building and you were trying to get them out there was a couple ways in
but they could still do a lot of damage when it came to camping and
Controlling the area if you will coming in at number six from Macneill the back of the plane from terminal
Hashtag Chaos top [10] very very classic spot
Who decided to not only you have the ladder going up, but let's give them some space behind it enough space
That they can go
Prone so let's what are the negatives of this if you're the camper?
Well if he climbs up the ladder you've got it dead to rights. He's climbing up with his back to you. There's no way
He is [going] to kill you other than that
Well if the guys come in from the front of the plane you have them too
You have a direct line of sight [to] the front of the plane or to the side of the plane if they come there?
So this one is deemed a very very frustrating camping spot
You literally have [your] own cocoon of a hole back here
You could stick a claymore in there?
Whatever you want to do and just go to town coming in at number 5 here
We go 80 day 94 has to be the tower on [russ] new Captor nuke after nuke if you got up there
Hashtag Chaos top 10 now you [have] to do a little bit of work to get up
To the tower on russ because it's such a small map
Everybody is focused on anybody that [is] trying to get up to the top [now]. I remember back in the day
I got in a modded Lobby
This was back when [that] you could pay people like 5 bucks and join a lobby on rust
And there's like a hundred people in there, and he's like just there telling you what to do
I actually got in
To one of these things and the dude was at the very top with a noob Tube and every time he would [noobtube] you
You would like max level prestige or something so it was just like a bunch of fish down there
Just waiting to get a new Tube rammed down their throat on us that's one of the memories. I remember yes
Top of the Tower on rust is a good camping spot number 4
[Vinnie] [Corps]
[oh] Youtube the house is a nuke town nuff said now we have to encompass the entire map because the entire map is
A very frustrating camping a map in Duke town you have the houses which of course that's classic
Just lockdown shock charges Claymores bouncing betties, whatever whichever call of duty
You're playing use your flavor for how you want to look out the window now
I will say that you can wallbang pretty good and get them through the walls on the window a lot of people die that way
But not just the houses the back grass
The blue car the crates on be Dom when they were there the car on [B]. Dom if it's already blown up
There are so many areas on Nuketown that you might as well consider the whole map one
I know somebody tweeted at me Jimmy
You're going to give away all these camping spots on this top 10
And we're going to go for these are all from past [call] of [Duty's] everybody knows
About every one of these spots these are not a secret
This is just you guys putting them in order how popular unpopular you think they are number three great xBL on top of High-rise?
[Mr]
Warfare - no question the best spot ever it didn't quite get enough tweets to be number one
But I'm going to agree with you, sir. [I] consider this the
best Slash
worst
camping spot in [Codd] history for the simple fact
[that] if you get up there, and you play it right there is a ledge that protects you when you go prone
You can have [one-man-Army] so you can literally have infinite Claymores
Nobody's getting up there. You could stay up there the entire match gets your nuke
And there is no way anybody could get you down
maybe
Maybe they get a lucky grenade and they they get you but it's such a big space up there to cover
That that's probably not going to happen either now
You could get a snipe on them across the map if they're up
But if they're smart, they're laying prone and that it's just not going to happen to me
This is the best camping spot in call of Duty
[or] the worst whatever desert [games] the number to the church on
Infection on Black Ops 3 hashtag Chaos up 10 this one pisses me off
I don't [know] why I just get super mad when people camp on this they can't directly with the line of sight on [B]
With this window right here, and I know there are multiple ways to get in this place
[I] mean you could also pick them up from the window, but just something about it because what they'll do like
I like to refer to [them] as cockroaches
They'll tuck back there in the corner next to this window on the right
And they'll just sit there and wait like he's doing it right now
I don't know why
I've
Dealt with a lot [of] camping spots which all of you have I've probably even utilized a few in a moment of panic or on
A long streak in call of Duty
[that's] another thing in the comments section if you've been on a streak one of those streaks where your hands are sweaty
And you're nervous because you're trying to hit something. It's one of those aimes
have you ever just tucked back in one of these classic camping spots to get those couple free kills not tell anybody about it just
Say now that wasn't part of it, and then [that] gets your streak. Yeah, I've done it
I think I've done it on this church all right number [one] you guys already knew
Ryan hache that cast out in the sniper tower on firing range
everyone always suspect someone is up there even if they are or not and
What you want will firm a camping spot is?
cover [in] this
it doesn't have a huge space to work with but it's got enough cover where you could be up there and
Once you're known once you're found you're found, but you have so many lines of sight up in this tower now
This one is very subject to grenades and things coming up there to flash you but once again
Only one point of entry so all you need to do is throw your little claymore on and you literally have line of sight to
every area of the map probably the most classic and most known
Camping spot and enough people tweeted me that it definitely had to garner the number one spot
I know it wasn't [anything] of a surprise, but it's classic
[I] mean
This is a classic camping spot a couple honorable mentions for you guys angels
Proning behind the Giant Hill of Scrap B. Flag on bog
Definitely, definitely have done this myself a lot of people have done this just laying prone by the big mound in the middle and doing
Your thing I wouldn't call this a super camping spot though
And the other one is from disturbed and confused the hill or helicopter on Drone. You can pick your poison here
he's right, the
Helicopter as you see right [there] on the screen or those crates or go all the way across the map in the dreaded
Sniper Hill that looks down b. Lane all the way back
So there you go guys let [us] know where we got it right wrong
Which ones did we miss drop a like on the video and be sure [to] check out the june theme Chaos crate from Gamer Crates?
If you decide to get one, I don't think you'll be disappointed
Let me know on Twitter show me and I will give you a follow back as well
I hope you guys have a fantastic day, and I'll see you on the next video
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EX-096ですが
これはどうやって弾くかとか
ここがこうだってのはTAB譜を見れば
書いてあるので
簡単に言えば、ここはちょっと大変って言えば
大変ですよね
この位置は、慣れるには大変
だとは思いますけれども
本当に難しさと
ポイントはちょっと違う
本当に難しさっていうのは
リズムなんですね
普通のリズムで
セカンド・ラインってのも有るわけ
これも セカンド・ラインですよね
だけども、EX-96は
シャッフルで乗っている
16ビートのバウンスになっているから
ウンガチャッカが早く入っている
この8ビートはイーブンで
これがシャッフルになると
これシャッフルね
今度は16音符のカッティングというか
これがシャッフルになると
これはさっきのゆったりめな
スタンスが長いシャッフルに比べて
半分の長さ（2倍のスピード）
これに対して
4つある
これをやっている間の長さに
2回ある
2倍て考えれば2倍なんだけど
それでも
ビートというものの概念っていうのは
一つに決まっていて
その4拍子の中で
8ビートのシャッフルで乗るってことと
4拍子の中で16ビートのシャッフル
で乗るってことは
意味が違うんですね
その
16ビートのシャッフルで
セカンド・ラインに乗る
ってことは
ウンガチャッカ、ウンガチャッカの
ちょっと、ゆっくりめで弾くと
という風に跳ねてます
そこが一番難しいところ
それはイーブンの
これを ゆっくりやると
これとは違う
その違う
っていう乗り具合を
学ぶためにも是非、両方を分かるように
トライしていって欲しいです
右のページに書いてあること
っていうのは
例えばAコードがあったら
A,B,C,D,E,F,Gの
Aの隣にはBmが居るんですよ
メジャー、マイナー、マイナー、メジャーっていう順番を僕がしつこく言ってるように
メジャーの隣には
マイナーが絶対に居る
Aコード
メジャーの横、絶対にBmが居る
このBmで
触ったところ に
ちょっと遊びに行って
戻っていく
A分の（分数コード）にしちゃえば
こんな感じ
Aに対してBm7みたいなのが
この音の動き
Bm7みたいな
押さえ方を使っている
もう少し詳しく言うと
Dコードの
このDの３本 でもある
メジャー、マイナー、マイナー、メジャー、
っていう順番が決まっているってことは
Bm7の4弦、3弦、2弦
と こうやって押さえた時の
Dの4弦、3弦、2弦は同じ
その間にはC#m7があるだけ
これは他の動画の
クリスマス・イヴを解説している
動画でも近いこと言ってますけど
結局
A Bm7 C#m7 D
っていう
メジャー、マイナー、マイナー、メジャーって
4つ並んでいまっせの所を
遊びに行って帰ってくる
自由なので自由自在に操れる
ように
なりたいというね
EX-96では
Bm7まで行って遊んで
帰ってくるっているだけの
ここでもAコードがあって
Bmがあって 戻ってくる
っていうのの、4弦3弦2弦だけ弾けば
こうなるよってことですね
あ、Bm7か
で、ここにもAコードがあるから
ロー・コードのCの押さえ方を
ウワァーーーーーっとこっちまで持ってきて
小指を12フレットに置いた所が
Aコードだから その時の
この3本と
これ
A - Bm7 - A
お遊び
ご近所さんぽ
のフレーズが隠してあります
こういうことやってればリード・ギターは
弾けるようになってきます
例えば、ありがちなフレーズというか
よく弾くフレーズ
こういうフレーズが一個あったとしたら
ここにも あるからと
同じ音のような感触ってのを
ポジション違いの
こっちのAコードと、こっちのAコード
2カ所のポジションの違いで
試してみれば
ちょっとだけ音のニュアンスが変わるよ ってのが
5弦の3フレットから4フレットに
ここの音が こっちとはちょっと違ったりとか
本、全体で言ってることは
コードのメジャーの隣には
マイナーが居るから
遊びに行って帰ってくれば良いんですよってのは
色んなところで言っていると
色本シリーズで言っている
と思いますんで
とりあえずは、まぁ、やっぱり
16分音符シャッフルに
乗れるように
チェット・アトキンスっぽいプレイでも
これだと
シャフルになってない
16ビート・シャッフルで
乗るってことは
ブン.チャ、ツンッチャって
表の拍で
ピッキングしているのに
そこの裏側に
ウンガチャッカ、ウンガチャッカ
っていう
タカタ、タカタ、タカタ、タカタ、っていう
ジャパネット、違う、じゃねぇ
タカタ、タカタ、タカタ、タカタ、
っていう
3連符が隠れている 真ん中抜きの
ピートが隠れていて弾いている
加山雄三さんの
「お嫁においでよ」も割と
メロディは
表拍でメロディは入ってるんだけど
バッキングのリズムってのは
アンガールズのジャンガジャンガの
あのリズムが隠れているっていう
そこを探すためのEXです
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Korean:
보란 듯이 무너졌어
바닥을 뚫고 저 지하까지
옷 끝자락 잡겠다고
저 높이 두 손을 뻗어봐도
다시 캄캄한 이곳에, light up the sky
네 두 눈을 보며 I'll kiss you goodbye
실컷 비웃어라 꼴좋으니까
이제 너희 하나! 둘! 셋!
Ha
How you like that?
You gon' like that, that that that
that that that that that
How you like that?
How you like that, that that that
English:
I crumbled right before your eyes
Hit rock bottom and sunk deeper
To grab on that last bit of hope
I've tried to reach out with both of my hands
Again in this dark place, light up the sky
Whilst looking in your eyes, I'll kiss you goodbye
Laugh all you want while you still can
Because it's about to be your turn in 1, 2, 3
Ha
How you like that?
You gon' like that, that that that
that that that that that
How you like that?
How you like that, that that that
Korean:
that that that that that
(How you like-)
(How you like-)
(How you like-)
BLACKPINK!
Your girl need it all and that's a hundred
백 개 중에 백 내 몫을 원해
Karma come and get some, 딱하지만 어쩔 수 없잖아
What's up, I'm right back
방아쇠를 cock back
Plain Jane get hijacked, Don't like me?
Then tell me how you like that
Like that
더 캄캄한 이곳에 Shine like the stars
그 미소를 띠며 I'll kiss you goodbye
실컷 비웃어라 꼴좋으니까
이제 너희 하나! 둘! 셋!
Ha
How you like that?
You gon' like that, that that that
That, that that that that
How you like that?
(Bada bing, bada boom boom boom)
How you like that? that that that
that that that that that
Now,
Look at you now look at me, look at you now look at me
Look at you now look at me, How you like that?
Now,
English:
that that that that that
(How you like-)
(How you like-)
(How you like-)
BLACKPINK!
Your girl need it all and that's a hundred
10 out of 10, I want what's mine
Karma come and get some , I feel bad but there's nothing I can do
What's up, I'm right back
Trigger the cock back
Plain Jane get hijacked, Don't like me?
Then tell me how you like that
Like that
In this even darker place, shine like the stars
With a smile on my face, I'll kiss you goodbye
Laugh all you want while you still can
Because it's about to be your turn in 1, 2, 3
Ha
How you like that?
You gon' like that, that that that
That, that that that that
How you like that?
(Bada bing, bada boom boom boom)
How you like that? that that that
that that that that that
Now,
Look at you now look at me, look at you now look at me
Look at you now look at me, How you like that?
Now,
Korean:
Look at you now look at me, look at you now look at me
Look at you now look at me, How you like that?
날개 잃은 채로 추락했던 날
어두운 나날 속에 갇혀 있던 날
그때쯤에 넌 날 끝내야 했어
Look up in the sky! It's a bird, it's a plane~
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
(Bring out the boss bitch)
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
BLACKPINK!
How you like that?
You gon' like that
How you like that?
BLACKPINK
좋아하고 구독! (つ ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)つ
English:
Look at you now look at me, look at you now look at me
Look at you now look at me, How you like that?
The day I fell without my wings
Those dark days where I was trapped
You should've ended me when you had the chance
Look up in the sky! It's a bird, it's a plane~
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
BLACKPINK!
How you like that?
You gon' like that
How you like that?
BLACKPINK
Don't Forget to Like and Subscribe! (つ ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)つ
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English:
This week, we will discuss the mysterious death of a world-famous entertainer.
For that, we headed to a remote ski resort in the Austrian Alps to explore her former property:
A four-star hotel that was abandoned many years ago after the financial ruin of the celebrity.
The Austrian chanson artist with blazing red hair seemed to be a seductive man-eater.
At least, when she was in the spotlight.
But all the glamour was just a mask she used to hide her sorrows.
Since her earliest childhood, she wanted to fly high but in the end, she was falling deep.
German:
Diese Woche werden wir den mysteriösen Tod einer weltberühmten Entertainerin untersuchen.
Dazu fuhren wir in ein abgelegenes Skigebiet in den österreichischen Alpen, um ihren ehemaligen Wohnsitz zu erkunden:
Ein Vier-Sterne-Hotel, das nach dem finanziellen Ruin der Berühmtheit vor vielen Jahren aufgegeben wurde.
Die österreichische Chansonkünstlerin mit feuerrotem Haar schien ein verführerischer Man-Eater zu sein.
Zumindest, wenn sie im Rampenlicht stand.
Doch all der Glamour war nur eine Maske, hinter der sie ihre Sorgen verbarg.
Seit ihrer frühesten Kindheit wollte sie hoch hinaus, aber am Ende fiel sie tief.
Slovak:
Tento týždeň budeme diskutovať o záhadnej smrti svetoznámeho zabávača.
Z tohto dôvodu sme sa vydali do vzdialeného lyžiarskeho strediska v rakúskych Alpách, aby sme preskúmali jej bývalú nehnuteľnosť:
Štvorhviezdičkový hotel, ktorý bol opustený pred mnohými rokmi po finančnej zrúcanine celebrity.
Rakúsky šansónsky umelec so žiariacimi červenými vlasmi sa zdal byť zvodným mužom.
Aspoň keď bola v centre pozornosti.
Ale všetky tie kúzla boli iba maskou, ktorú skrývala pred svojimi zármutkami.
Od svojho skorého detstva chcela lietať vysoko, ale nakoniec hlboko klesla.
Slovak:
Po mnohých rokoch pódia zomrela za tajomných okolností.
K dnešnému dňu zostáva to nevysvetliteľná udalosť.
Ale opustený hotel v Alpách je úzko spojený s jej osudom.
Počas nášho prieskumu sme objavili jej prístrešok, v ktorom bývala mnoho rokov.
Nádhera je dodnes prítomná.
Tiež sme tu našli veľa jej osobných vecí.
Pripojte sa k nám dnes a naučte sa smutný príbeh veľkej osobnosti.
Ak chcete prispieť k našim videám a podporiť projekt, zvážte sľub na Patreone.
English:
After many years on the stage, she died under mysterious circumstances.
To this date, it remains an inexplicable incident.
But the derelict hotel in the Alps is closely linked to her fate.
During our exploration, we discovered her penthouse she was living in for many years.
The splendor is still present until this day.
We also found many of her personal belongings here.
Join us today, to learn the sad story of a great personality.
If you want to contribute to our videos and support the project, please consider pledging on Patreon.
German:
Nach vielen Jahren auf der Bühne starb sie unter mysteriösen Umständen.
Bis heute bleibt es ein unerklärlicher Vorfall.
Aber das verfallene Hotel in den Alpen ist eng mit ihrem Schicksal verknüpft.
Während unserer Erkundung entdeckten wir ihr Penthouse, in dem sie viele Jahre gelebt hat.
Die Pracht ist bis zum heutigen Tag erhalten geblieben.
Wir fanden hier auch viele ihrer persönlichen Gegenstände.
Begleitet uns heute, um die traurige Geschichte einer großartigen Persönlichkeit zu erfahren.
Wenn ihr zu unseren Videos beitragen und das Projekt unterstützen wollt, erwägt bitte eine Spende auf Patreon.
German:
Es ist der nächste Morgen unseres Abenteuers.
Dieses Mal befinden wir uns in einem abgelegenen Skigebiet der Alpen.
Es ist noch ziemlich früh, aber tausende Touristen werden heute in das kleine Dorf kommen,
um Wintersport in den Bergen zu betreiben.
In der Vergangenheit waren es jedoch weit mehr.
Seit Jahren stirbt der Ort langsam aus.
Es ist ein Tourismusort, der auf Gäste aus der ganzen Welt angewiesen ist.
Aber sie bleiben fern.
Slovak:
Je ďalšie ráno nášho dobrodružného výletu.
Tentoraz sme v odľahlej lyžiarskej oblasti Álp.
Je ešte dosť skoro, ale dnes do malej dediny príde mnoho tisíc turistov
pre zimné športy v horách.
V minulosti to však bolo oveľa viac.
Celé roky to miesto pomaly zaniklo.
Je to turistické letovisko, ktoré sa spolieha na hostí z celého sveta.
Ale zostávajú preč.
English:
It is the next morning of our road trip adventure.
This time, we are in a remote ski-region of the Alps.
It is still pretty early but many thousand tourists will come to the small village today
for winter sports in the mountains.
However, in the past, it was way more.
For years now, the place has been slowly dying out.
It is a tourist resort that relies on guests from all around the world.
But they stay away.
English:
More and more accommodations have to close down.
The local youth can’t find any jobs and moves away.
The village is dwindling.
One of the main reasons for that was the end of this grand hotel.
300 guests could stay here at the same time.
But after its insolvency, the boardinghouses in the town
could not compensate for the lack of free beds for tourists.
We came a long way just to explore this building today.
It is peak season and that is why it is hard for the four of us to get inside without getting seen.
In order to protect this special place from vandals and thieves, we will not show how we get inside.
But we will show you what we find.
Let’s search for clues why this hotel is deserted and how it is connected to the death of the famous entertainer.
You might wonder sometimes but yes, this place is really abandoned.
German:
Immer mehr Unterkünfte müssen schließen.
Die einheimische Jugend findet keine Arbeit und zieht weg.
Das Dorf schwindet.
Einer der Hauptgründe dafür war das Ende dieses Grandhotels.
300 Gäste konnten hier gleichzeitig übernachten.
Aber nach seiner Insolvenz konnten die Pensionen des Ortes
den Mangel an freien Betten für Touristen nicht ausgleichen.
Wir haben einen weiten Weg zurückgelegt, nur um dieses Gebäude heute zu erkunden.
Es ist Hochsaison, deshalb ist es für uns vier schwer, hineinzukommen, ohne gesehen zu werden.
Um diesen besonderen Ort vor Vandalen und Dieben zu schützen, werden wir nicht zeigen, wie wir hineinkommen.
Aber wir werden euch zeigen, was wir finden.
Wir suchen nach Hinweisen, warum dieses Hotel verlassen ist und in welchem Zusammenhang es mit dem Tod des berühmten Entertainers steht.
Ihr werdet euch vielleicht manchmal wundern, aber ja, dieser Ort ist wirklich verlassen.
Slovak:
Stále viac ubytovacích zariadení musí byť zatvorených.
Miestna mládež nemôže nájsť prácu a odíde.
Obec sa zmenšuje.
Jedným z hlavných dôvodov bol koniec tohto veľkého hotela.
Môže tu zostať 300 hostí naraz.
Ale po jeho platobnej neschopnosti, penzióny v meste
nedokázal kompenzovať nedostatok postelí pre turistov.
Dnes sme prešli dlhou cestou, aby sme túto budovu preskúmali.
Je to vrcholná sezóna, a preto je pre nás všetkých ťažké dostať sa dovnútra bez toho, aby nás niekto videl.
Aby sme chránili toto zvláštne miesto pred vandalmi a zlodejmi, neukážeme, ako sa dostaneme dovnútra.
Ukážeme vám však, čo nájdeme.
Poďme hľadať stopy, prečo je tento hotel opustený a ako súvisí so smrťou slávneho zabávača.
Niekedy by vás zaujímalo, ale áno, toto miesto je skutočne opustené.
English:
Many years ago, this used to be the most admired hotel in town.
It is located directly at the ski slope and around 300 people could be accommodated here at the same time.
But this place was more than just sleeping quarters.
It had a fancy restaurant, a café and also a bar.
You could go for a swim or enjoy a show at the theater.
We will show you all of that later.
Slovak:
Pred mnohými rokmi to bol najobdivovanejší hotel v meste.
Nachádza sa priamo pri zjazdovke a mohlo by tu byť ubytovaných približne 300 osôb súčasne.
Ale toto miesto bolo viac ako len spálne.
Mal fantastickú reštauráciu, kaviareň a tiež bar.
Mohli by ste sa zaplávať alebo si užiť prehliadku v divadle.
To všetko vám ukážeme neskôr.
German:
Vor vielen Jahren war dies das am meisten bewunderte Hotel der Stadt.
Es liegt direkt an der Skipiste und etwa 300 Personen konnten hier gleichzeitig untergebracht werden.
Aber dieser Ort war mehr als nur ein Schlafquartier.
Es hatte ein schickes Restaurant, ein Café und auch eine Bar.
Man konnte hier schwimmen gehen oder eine Show im Theater genießen.
All das werden wir euch später zeigen.
Slovak:
Zatiaľ sa zameriame na izby.
Toto zariadenie malo vysoké štandardy, takže sa dalo nazvať štvorhviezdičkovým hotelom.
V súčasnosti už z týchto noriem veľa nezostáva.
Už ste videli veľa izieb.
V niektorých je nábytok nahromadený a ostatné komory sú takmer úplne prázdne.
Pre nás je zaujímavé porovnávať rôzne štádiá rozpadu v týchto miestnostiach.
Zasnežené zimy a všetka vlhkosť urýchľujú poškodenie štruktúr.
Po 15 rokoch neobsadeného miesta je už neskoro obnoviť bývalý veľký hotel.
English:
For now, we will focus on the guest rooms.
This facility had high standards, so it could be called a four-star hotel.
Today, there is not much left of these standards.
You could see many rooms already.
In some, the furniture is piled and other chambers are almost completely empty.
For us, it is interesting to compare the different stages of decay in these rooms.
Snowy winters and all the moisture accelerate the deterioration of the structures.
After 15 years of vacancy, it is too late now to renovate the former grand hotel.
German:
Vorerst werden wir uns auf die Gästezimmer konzentrieren.
Diese Einrichtung hatte einen hohen Standard, so dass sie als Vier-Sterne-Hotel bezeichnet wurde.
Heute ist von diesen Standards nicht mehr viel übrig.
Ihr konntet bereits viele Zimmer sehen.
In einigen ist das Mobiliar gestapelt, und andere Zimmer sind fast völlig leer.
Für uns ist es interessant, die verschiedenen Stadien des Verfalls in diesen Räumen zu vergleichen.
Schneereiche Winter und die enorme Feuchtigkeit beschleunigen den Verfall des Gebäudes.
Nach 15 Jahren Leerstand ist es nun zu spät, das ehemalige Grandhotel zu renovieren.
English:
In fact, we are searching for the private rooms of our Austrian superstar.
Maybe let’s start with some of her history.
Already as a young child, she wanted to become a dancer one day.
Before she even started school, she completed her first ballet training program.
It was tough schooling and she was dancing her feet bloody regularly.
Right from the cradle, she learned to smile the pain away.
As a teenager, she was already performing at the state ballet.
In the next 20 years, she was dancing as a prima ballerina on the world stage.
We continue her story in just a bit but now we have found her penthouse.
Slovak:
V skutočnosti hľadáme súkromné izby našej rakúskej superhviezdy.
Možno začneme s jej históriou.
Už ako malé dieťa sa jedného dňa chcela stať tanečnicou.
Predtým, ako začala chodiť do školy, ukončila svoj prvý baletný tréningový program.
Bolo to ťažké školenie a pravidelne tancovala krvavé nohy.
Hneď od kolísky sa naučila usmiať bolesť preč.
Už ako teenager vystupovala na štátnom balete.
V nasledujúcich 20 rokoch tancovala ako prima balerína na svetovej scéne.
V jej príbehu pokračujeme len o chvíľu, ale teraz sme našli jej prístrešok.
German:
Wir suchen die Privatzimmer unseres österreichischen Superstars.
Vielleicht fangen wir mit etwas von ihrer Geschichte an.
Schon als kleines Kind wollte sie eines Tages Tänzerin werden.
Noch bevor sie in die Schule kam, absolvierte sie ihre erste Ballettausbildung.
Es war eine harte Schulzeit, und sie tanzte ihre Füße regelmäßig blutig.
Gleich von der Wiege an lernte sie, den Schmerz wegzulächeln.
Schon als Teenager trat sie beim Staatsballett auf.
In den nächsten 20 Jahren tanzte sie als Primaballerina auf der Weltbühne.
Wir machen gleich mit ihrer Geschichte weiter, aber zuerst schauen wir ihr Penthouse an.
English:
It actually is in a hidden section of the hotel.
Here she was living together with her husband who was the owner of the place.
Slovak:
Je to vlastne v skrytej časti hotela.
Tu žila spolu so svojím manželom, ktorý bol majiteľom tohto miesta.
German:
Es befindet sich sogar in einem versteckten Teil des Hotels.
Hier wohnte sie zusammen mit ihrem Ehemann, dem Eigentümer des Hauses.
English:
It is actually quite astonishing how many swans you will find in this hotel.
Maybe it was her favorite animal or she had a special connection to it.
Keep your eyes open and count every swan you see.
Please write down your answer in the comments after watching the whole episode.
German:
Es ist ziemlich erstaunlich, wie viele Schwäne man in diesem Hotel findet.
Vielleicht war es ihr Lieblingstier oder sie hatte eine besondere Verbindung zu ihm.
Haltet eure Augen offen und versucht jeden Schwan zu zählen, den ihr seht.
Schreibt eure Antwort in die Kommentare, nachdem ihr die ganze Episode gesehen habt!
Slovak:
V skutočnosti je skutočne úžasné, koľko labutí nájdete v tomto hoteli.
Možno to bolo jej najobľúbenejšie zviera, alebo s ním mala špeciálne spojenie.
Majte oči otvorené a počítať každú labuť, ktorú vidíte.
Po sledovaní celej epizódy napíšte svoju odpoveď do komentárov.
Slovak:
Väčšina nábytku už bola odstránená.
Veľké časti prístrešku sú už odizolované.
Iba niektoré izby pripomínajú okúzľujúcu minulosť.
Tu nájdeme veľa osobných vecí divy.
Zostávajú hlavne fotografie.
Zberatelia a lovci trofejí vzali ďalšie veci.
Bohužiaľ, veľa z toho pravdepodobne skončilo na eBay.
Všetky tieto fotografie pochádzajú z obdobia po jej baletnej kariére.
Keď bola príliš stará na to, aby tancovala na profesionálnych javiskách, našla iné spôsoby, ako pobaviť omše.
English:
By now, most furniture has already been removed.
Large parts of the penthouse are stripped already.
Only some rooms are reminiscent of the glamorous past.
Here we find many personal items of the diva.
Mainly photos are left behind.
Collectors and trophy hunters have taken the other belongings.
Sadly, a lot of it probably ended up on eBay.
All these photos are from the time after her ballet career.
When she became too old to dance on professional stages, she found other ways to entertain the masses.
German:
Inzwischen sind die meisten Möbel bereits abtransportiert worden.
Große Teile des Penthouses wurden mittlerweile demontiert.
Nur einige Räume erinnern noch an die glamouröse Vergangenheit.
Hier finden wir viele persönliche Gegenstände der Diva.
Hauptsächlich sind Fotos zurückgelassen worden.
Sammler und Trophäenjäger haben die übrigen Habseligkeiten mitgenommen.
Leider ist wahrscheinlich vieles davon auf eBay gelandet.
All diese Fotos stammen aus der Zeit nach ihrer Ballettkarriere.
Als sie zu alt wurde, um auf professionellen Bühnen zu tanzen, fand sie andere Wege, um die Massen zu unterhalten.
German:
In den 70er Jahren wurde sie eine Sängerin und hatte ihren größten Erfolg.
Ihre Texte waren modern, frech und manchmal frivol.
Englische Musik war beliebt, aber sie schaffte es, deutsche Lieder zurückzubringen.
Sie alle erinnerten an das Kabarett der Goldenen Zwanziger - eine wilde und glückliche Zeit
vor dem Börsencrash und dem Naziterror.
Sie ging in Österreich und Westdeutschland auf Tournee und ihre Fans liebten sie.
Sie verliebte sich in den Mann, der bis zu ihrem mysteriösen Tod im Jahr 2012 an ihrer Seite bleiben sollte.
Er war ein Geschäftsmann und der Besitzer dieses Etablissements.
Wir sind jetzt in der Nähe des Eingangsbereichs.
Slovak:
V 70. rokoch sa stala speváčkou a mala najväčší úspech.
Jej texty boli moderné, drzé a niekedy aj zbytočné.
Anglická hudba bola populárna, ale priniesla späť nemecké piesne.
Všetkým pripomenul kabaret Zlatých dvadsiatych rokov - divoký a šťastný čas
pred pádom akciového trhu a nacistickým terorom.
Vydala sa na turné do Rakúska a západného Nemecka a jej fanúšikovia ju milovali.
Až do jej záhadného úmrtia v roku 2012 sa však zamilovala do muža, ktorý by mal byť na jej strane.
Bol podnikateľom a vlastníkom tohto zariadenia.
Teraz sme blízko pri vchode.
English:
In the 70s, she became a songstress and had her biggest success.
Her lyrics were modern, cheeky and sometimes frivolous.
English music was popular but she brought back German songs.
They were all reminded of the Golden Twenties' cabaret - a wild and happy time
before the stock market crash and Nazi terror.
She went on tour in Austria and Western Germany and her fans loved her.
She, however, fell in love with the man who should be on her side until her mysterious decease in 2012.
He was a businessman and the owner of this establishment.
We are close to the entrance area now.
English:
This was part of the hotel's gastronomy.
German:
Dieser war Teil der Gastronomie des Hotels.
Slovak:
Bola to súčasť gastronómie hotela.
German:
All dies ist ein Mischmasch aus Gegenständen aus verschiedenen Zeiten.
Einige von ihnen sind immer noch viel Geld wert und es ist überraschend, es hier einfach zurückgelassen vorzufinden.
Aber eigentlich gehört es zur Insolvenzmasse.
Im Gegensatz dazu sind die anderen Räumlichkeiten hier unten fast komplett entkernt.
English:
All this is a potpourri of items from different times.
Some of them are still worth a lot of money and it is surprising to find it here just left behind.
But actually, it belongs to the insolvency estate.
In contrast to this, the other rooms down here are almost empty again.
Slovak:
To všetko je potpourri predmetov z rôznych časov.
Niektoré z nich stále stoja za veľa peňazí a je prekvapujúce, že ich tu nájdete.
V skutočnosti však patrí do konkurzného konania.
Na rozdiel od toho sú ostatné miestnosti dole opäť takmer prázdne.
English:
As we dive into the history of forgotten places, we always try to find old photos of such sites.
German:
Wenn wir in die Geschichte vergessener Orte eintauchen, versuchen wir immer wieder, alte Fotos von solchen Orten zu finden.
Slovak:
Pri ponorení sa do histórie zabudnutých miest sa vždy snažíme nájsť staré fotografie takýchto stránok.
English:
Our photographer friend Tobi helps us to recreate the pictures we can find.
It is fascinating to see how it used to look back then and what is the condition today.
German:
Unser befreundeter Fotograf Tobi hilft uns dabei, die Bilder, die wir finden können, zu rekonstruieren.
Es ist faszinierend zu sehen, wie es damals aussah und in welchem Zustand es heute ist.
Slovak:
Náš priateľ pre fotografie Tobi nám pomáha vytvárať fotografie, ktoré nájdeme.
Je fascinujúce vidieť, ako to vtedy vyzeralo a aký je dnes stav.
Slovak:
Vráťme sa k príbehu našej striebornej labute.
Speváčka bola zamilovaná do majiteľa tohto hotela a obaja boli skutočne šťastní.
English:
Let's get back to the story of our silver swan.
The songstress was in love with the owner of this hotel and both were really happy.
German:
Kommen wir zurück zur Geschichte unseres silbernen Schwans.
Die Sängerin war in den Besitzer dieses Hotels verliebt und beide waren sehr glücklich.
German:
Sie beschloss, ihr ganzes Vermögen in das Hotel zu investieren.
Das sind 1,5 Millionen Euro.
Dieser Ort sollte zu ihrer finanziellen Stütze werden, wenn das Paar eines Tages in Rente ging.
Doch dann mussten sie gemeinsam eine schwere Krise bewältigen.
Slovak:
Rozhodla sa dať do tohto hotela celé svoje šťastie.
To je 1,5 milióna EUR.
Toto miesto by sa malo stať ich finančnou podporou, keď manželia jedného dňa odídu do dôchodku.
Potom sa však museli vyrovnať so závažnou krízou.
English:
She decided to put her entire fortune in this hotel.
That's 1.5 million Euro.
This place should become their financial support when the couple retired one day.
But then, together they had to cope with a severe crisis.
English:
Unfortunately, investing her whole fortune turned out to be a bad decision.
With the new millennium, less guests were coming to this expensive hotel.
It was simply too old fashioned.
But it was too costly to maintain the facility and the Austrian lady got less and less show offerings.
Her time on stage was over.
She had to sell her mansion but even then the couple had not enough money to safe this place from bankruptcy.
In 2005, the hotel was put up for compulsory sale.
The couple lost everything; they were broke.
They had to move to friends where they could live for free.
Later, they ended up in social housing.
Slovak:
Nanešťastie sa ukázalo, že investovanie celého jej majetku bolo zlým rozhodnutím.
S novým tisícročím prichádzalo do tohto drahého hotela menej hostí.
Bolo to jednoducho príliš staromódne.
Údržba zariadenia však bola príliš nákladná a rakúska dáma dostávala čoraz menej výstavných ponúk.
Jej čas na pódiu sa skončil.
Musela predať svoje sídlo, ale ani vtedy nemal pár dostatok peňazí na to, aby toto miesto ochránil pred bankrotom.
V roku 2005 bol hotel ponúknutý na povinný predaj.
Pár prišiel o všetko; boli zlomení.
Museli sa presťahovať k priateľom, kde mohli žiť zadarmo.
Neskôr skončili v sociálnom bývaní.
German:
Leider erwies sich die Investition ihres gesamten Vermögens als eine schlechte Entscheidung.
Mit dem neuen Jahrtausend kamen weniger Gäste in dieses kostspielige Hotel.
Es war einfach zu altmodisch.
Aber es war zu teuer, die Anlage zu unterhalten und die österreichische Dame bekam immer weniger Showangebote.
Ihre Zeit auf der Bühne ging zu Ende.
Sie musste ihre Villa verkaufen, aber selbst dann hatte das Paar nicht genug Geld, um diesen Ort vor dem Bankrott zu retten.
Im Jahr 2005 wurde das Hotel zur Zwangsversteigerung freigegeben.
Das Paar verlor alles; sie waren pleite.
Sie mussten zu Freunden ziehen, bei denen sie umsonst wohnen konnten.
Später landeten sie in Sozialbauten.
German:
Sie war immer eine sehr stolze Frau und plötzlich gab es Gerüchte über Depressionen.
Sie liebte es, im Rampenlicht zu stehen, aber jetzt vermied sie jegliche Öffentlichkeit -
bis sie vor einigen Jahren starb.
Im Jahr 2012 wurde sie in ein Krankenhaus eingeliefert.
Dort fiel sie aus einem Fenster im dritten Stock und starb an ihren Verletzungen.
Ihr Tod war eine Tragödie, aber auch rätselhaft.
Die Polizei sagte, es handele sich nicht um einen Mord und außer ihr allein sei keine andere Person daran beteiligt gewesen.
Wie kam es dazu?
Wir nehmen uns kurz Zeit, um über ihr trauriges Schicksal nachzudenken.
English:
She was always a very proud woman and now, there were rumors about depression.
She loved to be in the spotlight but now she avoided any publicity -
until she died some years ago.
In 2012, she was admitted to a hospital.
There she fell out a window on the third floor and died of her injuries.
Her death was a tragedy but also mysterious.
The police said it was no murder and no other person was involved but her alone.
What happened?
We take a short break to think about her sad fate.
Slovak:
Vždy bola veľmi hrdá žena a teraz sa začalo hovoriť o depresiách.
Milovala byť v centre pozornosti, ale teraz sa vyhla akejkoľvek reklame -
kým nezomrela pred niekoľkými rokmi.
V roku 2012 bola prijatá do nemocnice.
Tam vypadla z okna na treťom poschodí a zomrela na svoje zranenia.
Jej smrť bola tragédiou, ale tiež záhadnou.
Polícia uviedla, že nejde o vraždu a nikto iný nebol zapojený, iba ona sama.
Čo sa stalo?
Robíme si krátku prestávku, aby sme premýšľali o jej smutnom osude.
German:
Für uns war dies eine bemerkenswerte Erkundung.
Dieses verlassene Hotel bietet alles, was Urban Explorer lieben.
Aber man findet kaum einen anderen verlassenen Ort, der eine so emotionale Vergangenheit hat.
Dieser Gebäudekomplex erzählt die Geschichte von Leben und Tod einer weltberühmten Entertainerin.
Ihr Werk wird in dieser Zeitkapsel erhalten.
Doch während das Hotel vergessen am Rande des Dorfes liegt und langsam zerfällt, löst sich ihr Vermächtnis auf.
Die Menschen fragen sich immer noch, was mit ihr geschehen ist.
Slovak:
Pre nás to bol pozoruhodný prieskum.
Tento opustený hotel ponúka všetko, čo milujú mestskí prieskumníci.
Sotva však nájdete akékoľvek iné opustené miesto, ktoré má takú emocionálnu históriu.
Tento stavebný komplex rozpráva príbeh života a smrti svetoznámeho zabávača.
Jej práca je v tejto časovej kapsule zachovaná.
Ale keď sa rozpadá a leží zabudnutá na okraji dediny, jej odkaz sa rozpadá.
Ľudia sa však stále čudujú, čo sa jej stalo.
English:
For us, this was a remarkable exploration.
This abandoned hotel offers everything urban explorers love.
But you barely find any other deserted place that has such an emotional history.
This building complex tells the story of life and death of a world-famous entertainer.
Her work is preserved in this time capsule.
But as it crumbles and lies forgotten at the edge of the village, her legacy is falling apart.
But people are still wondering what happened to her.
English:
Many fans believe it must have been suicide.
It is said that she needed to go to the hospital because of a nerve damage.
She was afraid to spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair.
She was so proud that she could not demand from her husband to be her caregiver.
They were simply too poor to afford a trained nurse.
And with all the sorrows she just jumped.
But this is just a theory.
What really happened will remain a mystery for good.
The world mourned for a talented artist.
When she died she was 74 years old.
If you want to see more urbex photography, take a look on Tobi's Instagram page.
We put a link to his account in our video description.
German:
Viele Fans glauben, dass es Selbstmord gewesen sein muss.
Es wird gesagt, dass sie wegen eines Nervenschadens ins Krankenhaus eingeliefert werden musste.
Sie hatte Angst davor, den Rest ihres Lebens im Rollstuhl zu verbringen.
Sie war so stolz, dass sie von ihrem Mann nicht verlangen konnte, ihr Pfleger zu sein.
Sie waren einfach zu arm, um sich eine ausgebildete Krankenschwester leisten zu können.
Und mit all dem Kummer ist sie einfach gesprungen.
Aber das ist nur eine Theorie.
Was wirklich geschah, wird für immer ein Rätsel bleiben.
Die Welt trauerte um eine talentierte Künstlerin.
Als sie starb, war sie 74 Jahre alt.
Wenn ihr mehr Urbex-Fotografie sehen wollen, schaut euch Tobi's Instagram-Seite an.
Den Link zu seinem Account findet ihr in unserer Videobeschreibung.
Slovak:
Mnoho fanúšikov verí, že to muselo byť samovraždou.
Hovorí sa, že musela ísť do nemocnice kvôli poškodeniu nervov.
Bála sa stráviť zvyšok svojho života na invalidnom vozíku.
Bola tak hrdá, že od manžela nemohla požadovať, aby bola jej opatrovateľkou.
Boli jednoducho príliš chudobní na to, aby si mohli dovoliť vyškolenú zdravotnú sestru.
A so všetkými trápeniami práve skočila.
Ale to je len teória.
To, čo sa skutočne stalo, zostane záhadou navždy.
Svet smútil nad talentovaným umelcom.
Keď zomrela, mala 74 rokov.
Ak chcete vidieť viac urbexových fotografií, pozrite sa na Tobiho stránku Instagramu.
V popise videa vložíme odkaz na jeho účet.
German:
In den ersten beiden Episoden dieser Serie haben wir euch viele Geschichten hinter den Kulissen gezeigt.
Das ist genau das, was wir von nun an öfter tun wollen.
Anstatt euch also nur den Urbex-Teil zu zeigen, möchten wir einige unserer Roadtrip-Erfahrungen mit euch teilen.
Einige Geschichten haben es nicht in die Videos geschafft, aber wir haben eine Idee, wie wir sie trotzdem erzählen können.
Wir schreiben Kurzgeschichten zu unseren Erlebnissen
die wir nicht in unsere Videos aufgenommen haben, und stellen sie auf unserer Patreon-Seite für die Unterstützer zur Verfügung.
Zusammen mit diesem Video haben wir gerade den ersten Blog-Beitrag hochgeladen.
Apropos hinter den Kulissen: Viele von euch fragen sich auch, wie unser Postproduktionsprozess aussieht.
Was machen wir also überhaupt, nachdem wir ein Video gedreht haben, oder wie viel Aufwand ist es, ein Video zu produzieren?
Deshalb möchten wir euch ein paar Einblicke in unsere Produktion geben.
Im Moment produzieren wir ein bts Video, in dem wir euch jeden kleinen Schritt zeigen, den wir tun müssen
bis das fertige Video hochgeladen wird.
Das sind ziemlich viele, wie ihr sehen werdet.
Dieses bts Video wird exklusiv auf unsere Patreon-Seite hochgeladen.
Slovak:
V prvých dvoch epizódach tejto série sme vám ukázali veľa zákulisných príbehov.
To je presne to, čo odteraz chceme robiť častejšie.
Takže namiesto toho, aby sme vám ukázali iba časť urbexu, chceme pridať niektoré z našich zážitkov z cestnej komunikácie.
Niektoré príbehy to vo videách nedokázali dosiahnuť, máme však predstavu, ako ich aj tak zdieľať.
Plánujeme zapisovať udalosti
ktoré sme do našich videí nezahrnuli a nezverejnili ich na stránke patreónov pre fanúšikov.
Spolu s týmto videom sme práve odovzdali prvý príspevok do blogu.
A keď už hovoríme o zákulisí, mnohí z vás tiež zaujímajú, ako vyzerá náš postprodukčný proces.
Čo teda ešte robíme po natáčaní videa alebo koľko úsilia je vytvoriť takéto video?
Preto vám chceme poskytnúť niekoľko poznatkov o našej produkcii.
V súčasnej dobe vyrábame také zákulisie videa, kde vám ukážeme každý malý krok, ktorý musíme urobiť
do odovzdania dokončeného videa
Ktorých je dosť málo, čo môžem sľúbiť.
Toto video v zákulisí sa nahrá výhradne na našu stránku patróna.
English:
In the first two episodes of this series, we have shown you a lot of behind the scenes stories.
That is exactly what we want to do more often from now on.
So instead of showing you just the urbex part we want to add some of our roadtrip experiences.
Some stories couldn't make it in the videos but we have an idea how we can share them anyways.
We are planning to write down events
that we didn't include in our videos and post them on our patreon page for the supporters.
Together with this video we just uploaded the first blog post.
And speaking of behind the scenes a lot of you guys are also wondering what our post-production process looks like.
So what are we even doing after shooting a video or how much effort is it to produce a video like this?
Now that's why we want to give you some insights in our production.
At the moment we're producing such a behind the scenes video where we show you every little step we have to take
until the finished video gets uploaded
Which are quite a few I can promise.
This behind the scenes video will be exclusively uploaded to our patreon page.
English:
Because with things like these we want to give something back to our supporters.
Without them none of this would be possible.
So, thanks a ton for your help guys.
In our next episode, we will show you day four of our road trip to the Alps.
It is also the last day of our adventure.
For this video, we are doing something different than usually.
We will head to a former military area on the Italian side of the Alps.
Here, we will meet up with a graffiti artist who is at the same time also doing urbex worldwide.
We wanted to know how this fits together.
In the urban exploration community, many people see graffiti sprayers
as some kind of vandals who are destroying the places.
We, however, want to approach this open-mindedly
and learn more about this fascinating sub-culture we barely know.
Our next episode will be no exploration video but a documentary about him and his work.
We are back with this soon, stay tuned!
German:
Mit solchen Sachen wollen wir unseren Unterstützern etwas zurückgeben.
Ohne sie wäre nichts hiervon möglich.
Also tausend Dank an euch!
In unserer nächsten Episode zeigen wir euch den vierten Tag unserer Reise durch die Alpen.
Es ist auch der letzte Tag unseres Abenteuers.
Dieses Video wird ein wenig anders als sonst.
Wir begeben uns auf ein ehemaliges Militärgebiet auf der italienischen Seite der Alpen.
Hier treffen wir einen Graffiti-Künstler, der zur gleichen Zeit auch weltweit Urban Exploration betreibt.
Wir wollten wissen, wie das zusammenpasst.
In der Urban Exploration Community sehen viele Leute Graffiti-Sprayer
als eine Art Vandalen an, die die Orte zerstören.
Wir wollen dem aber aufgeschlossen gegenübertreten
und mehr über diese faszinierende Subkultur erfahren, die wir kaum kennen.
Unsere nächste Episode wird kein Erkundungsvideo sein, sondern eine Dokumentation über ihn und seine Arbeit.
Wir sind bald zurück mit dieser Doku, bleibt dran!
Slovak:
Pretože s vecami, ako sú tieto, chceme našim fanúšikom niečo vrátiť.
Bez nich by nič z toho nebolo možné.
Takže, ďakujem tonu za pomoc.
V nasledujúcej epizóde vám ukážeme štvrtý deň nášho výletu do Álp.
Je to tiež posledný deň nášho dobrodružstva.
Pre toto video robíme niečo iné ako obvykle.
Budeme smerovať do bývalého vojenského priestoru na talianskej strane Álp.
Tu sa stretneme s graffiti umelcom, ktorý zároveň robí urbex na celom svete.
Chceli sme vedieť, ako to spolu zapadá.
V komunite prieskumu miest vidia mnohí ľudia postrekovače graffiti
ako vandali, ktorí ničia miesta.
Chceme však k tomu pristupovať otvorene
a dozvedieť sa viac o tejto fascinujúcej subkultúre, ktorú sotva poznáme.
Našou ďalšou epizódou nebude žiadne prieskumné video, ale dokumentárny film o ňom a jeho práci.
Čoskoro sme späť, zostaňte naladení!
English:
Thanks for watching part three of our Alps series.
If you have not watched the other episodes yet, you can find the playlist in the video description.
This video focused a lot on a personal story.
Should we continue doing this or do you think it is too private?
Let us know if you want to know stories of buildings or stories of people.
Stay safe and keep exploring!
German:
Danke, dass ihr Teil drei unserer Alpenserie gesehen habt.
Falls ihr die anderen Episoden noch nicht gesehen habt, findet ihr die Playlist in der Videobeschreibung.
In diesem Video ging es vor allem um eine persönliche Geschichte.
Sollen wir damit weitermachen oder finde ihr das zu privat?
Lasst es uns wissen, ob ihr Geschichten von Gebäuden oder Geschichten von Menschen erfahren wollt.
Bleibt gesund!
Slovak:
Ďakujeme, že ste sledovali tretiu časť našej série Alps.
Ak ste ešte nesledovali ďalšie epizódy, nájdete zoznam videí v popise videa.
Toto video sa veľa zameriavalo na osobný príbeh.
Mali by sme v tom pokračovať alebo si myslíte, že je príliš súkromný?
Dajte nám vedieť, ak chcete vedieť príbehy budov alebo príbehy ľudí.
Zostaňte v bezpečí a pokračujte v prieskume!
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English:
Fold and unfold along the diagonals
Portuguese:
Dobre e desdobre nas diagonais
Spanish:
Doblar y desdoblar las diagonales
English:
Turn over
Fold in half vertically
Unfold
Fold in half horizontally
Unfold
Spanish:
Dar la vuelta
Doblar por la mitad verticalmente
Desdoblar
Doblar por la mitad horizontalmente
Desdoblar
Portuguese:
Vire
Dobre ao meio verticalmente
Desdobre
Dobre ao meio na horizontal
Desdobre
Spanish:
Doblar una base cuadrada
Doblar la esquina derecha
Doblar la esquina izquierda
Desdoblar
Revertir
English:
Fold a square base
Fold the right corner
Fold the left corner
Unfold
Reverse fold
Portuguese:
Dobre uma base quadrada
Dobre a ponta direita
Dobre a ponta esquerda
Desdobre
Faça uma dobra reversa
Portuguese:
Dobre a ponta para cima
Vire
Dobre a ponta esquerda
Desdobre
Abra e achate (squash fold)
Dobre os lados direito e esquerdo
English:
Fold the point up
Turn over
Valley-fold the left corner
Unfold
Squash-fold
Valley-fold the right and left sides
Spanish:
Doblar la punta hacia arriba
Dar la vuelta
Doblar la esquina izquierda en valle
Desdoblar
Abrir y aplastar
Doblar en valle los lados derecho y izquierdo
English:
Unfold
Reverse-fold
Valley-fold
Valley-fold the right corner
Unfold
Squash-fold
Spanish:
Desdoblar
Revertir
Doblar en valle
Doblar la esquina derecha
Desdoblar
Abrir y aplastar
Portuguese:
Desdobre
Dobra reversa
Dobre em vale
Dobre a ponta direita
Desdobre
Achate (squash fold)
English:
Valley-fold the right and left sides
Unfold
Reverse-fold
Valley-fold
Fold and unfold the point
Portuguese:
Dobre os lados direito e esquerdo
Desdobre
Dobra reversa
Dobre em vale
Dobre e desdobre a ponta
Spanish:
Doblar en valle los lados derecho y izquierdo
Desdoblar
Revertir
Doblar en valle
Doblar y desdoblar la punta
English:
Fold the corner down
Fold the tip up along the crease behind
Fold the bottom point up to the point of the middle flap
Unfold
Valley-fold the edge to the crease
Repeat on the other side
Make a rabbit-ear fold
Portuguese:
Dobre a ponta para baixo
Dobre a ponta para cima ao longo do vinco de trás
Dobre a ponta de baixo até a ponta da aba do meio
Desdobre
Dobre em vale até a linha
Repita do outro lado
Faça uma dobra orelha de coelho
Spanish:
Doblar la esquina hacia abajo
Doblar la punta hacia arriba a lo largo del pliegue detrás
Doblar la punta inferior hasta la punta de la aleta
Desdoblar
Doblar el borde hasta el pliegue
Repetir en el otro lado
Hacer un doblez oreja de conejo
Portuguese:
Dobre em montanha
Dobre ao meio
Traga a borda para o vinco vertical
Achate como mostrado
Spanish:
Doblar en monte
Doblar por la mitad
Llevar el borde hasta el pliegue vertical
Aplanar como se muestra
English:
Mountain-fold
Fold in half
Bring the edge to the vertical crease
Flatten it as shown
Spanish:
Repetir en el otro lado
Doblar los bordes en monte hacia adentro
English:
Repeat on the other side
Mountain-fold the edges inside
Portuguese:
Repita do outro lado
Dobre as bordas para dentro
Spanish:
Doblar la aleta hacia abajo
Desdoblar
Doblar la capa superior en el pliegue y aplastar
Doblar y desdoblar
English:
Fold the flap down
Unfold
Fold the top layer on the existing crease and squash-fold
Fold and unfold
Portuguese:
Dobre a ponta para baixo
Desdobrar
Dobre a camada superior no vinco existente, abrindo e achatando (squash fold)
Dobre e desdobre
Spanish:
Doblar y desdoblar la esquina
Revertir la pequeña esquina
Repetir en el otro lado
Doblar la aleta hacia abajo
Desdoblar
Doblar la capa superior en el pliegue y aplastar
Portuguese:
Dobre e desdobre a ponta
Faça dobra reversa no cantinho
Repita do outro lado
Dobre a ponta para baixo
Desdobrar
Dobre a camada superior no vinco existente, abrindo e achatando (squash fold)
English:
Fold and unfold the corner
Reverse-fold the little corner
Repeat on the other side
Fold the flap down
Unfold
Fold the top layer on the existing crease and squash-fold
English:
Fold and unfold
Fold and unfold the corner
Reverse-fold the little corner
Open the model
Pleat-fold
Tuck it under the wings
Portuguese:
Dobre e desdobre
Dobre e desdobre a ponta
Faça dobra reversa no cantinho
Abra o modelo
Dobre em vale e montanha (pleat-fold)
Coloque sob as asas
Spanish:
Doblar y desdoblar
Doblar y desdoblar la esquina
Revertir la pequeña esquina
Abrir el modelo
Escalonar
Colóquelo debajo de las alas
Spanish:
Cerrar el modelo
Llevar las alas hacia arriba
Doblar en valle
Doblar al borde de la cola
Repetir en el otro lado
English:
Close the model
Bring the wings upwards
Valley-fold
Valley-fold the edge of the tail
Repeat on the other side
Portuguese:
Feche o modelo
Levante as asas
Dobre em vale
Dobrar a borda da cauda
Repita do outro lado
Portuguese:
Solte o papel preso
Dobre e desdobre a ponta
Dobre e desdobre na bissetriz
English:
Release the trapped paper
Fold and unfold the point
Fold and unfold at angle bisector
Spanish:
Soltar el papel atrapado
Doblar y desdoblar la punta
Doblar y desdoblar la bisectriz
English:
Crimp-fold
Fold the flap and squash-fold
Repeat on the other side
Reposition the head pointing it slightly downwards
Portuguese:
Crimp-fold
Dobre a ponta e achate (squash fold)
Repita do outro lado
Reposicione a cabeça apontando-a um pouco para baixo
Spanish:
Escalonar simétricamente
Doblar y aplastar
Repetir en el otro lado
Colocar la cabeza apuntando un poco hacia abajo
Portuguese:
Dobre as bordas para dentro para afinar o pescoço
English:
Fold the edges inside and narrow the neck
Spanish:
Doblar los bordes y afinar el cuello
Spanish:
Doblar la punta dentro
Revertir los pies
Portuguese:
Dobre a ponta para dentro
Dobra reversa nos pés
English:
Fold the tip inside
Reverse-fold the feet
Portuguese:
Modele a cauda com "crimp folds"
English:
Shape the tail with crimp folds
Spanish:
Formar la cola con dobleces escalonados
Spanish:
Doblar escalonado el cuello para que apunte un poco hacia arriba
Dar forma a el brazo
English:
Crimp-fold the neck to point slightly upwards
Shape the arm
Portuguese:
Faça um "crimp fold" no pescoço para apontar um pouco para cima
Modelar o braço
Portuguese:
Repita do outro lado
Dobre e desdobre
Spanish:
Repetir en el otro lado
Doblar y desdoblar
English:
Repeat on the other side
Fold and unfold
Spanish:
Doblar en monte
Hacer dobleces en valle y monte en la ala
English:
Mountain-fold
Make valley folds and mountain folds on the wing
Portuguese:
Dobre em montanha
Faça dobras em vale e montanha na asa
English:
Pleat-fold
Mountain-fold the edge of the wing
Open the wing and shape it
Repeat on the other side
Spanish:
Escalonar
Doblar el borde del ala en monte
Abrir y darle forma
Repetir en el otro lado
Portuguese:
Dobre em montanha e vale (pleat fold)
Dobrar a borda da asa
Abra e modele a asa
Repita do outro lado
Portuguese:
Modele os chifres
English:
Shape the horns
Spanish:
Dar forma a los cuernos
English:
Origami Dragon finished!
Portuguese:
Dragão de Origami terminado!
Spanish:
Dragón terminado!
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FIREWORK SHOW WAS POSTPONED
UNTIL LABOR DAY WEEKEND DUE TO
THE PANDEMIC.
NOW, ORGANIZERS HAVE NOW
CANCELED THE EVENT ALTOGETHER.
THEY SAY WITH THE RECENT SPIKE
IN COVID-19 CASES, THEY DON'T
FEEL COMFORTABLE HOSTING A LARGE
GATHERING THAT COULD PUT THE
COMMUNITY AT RISK.
"OUR MAIN CONCERN IS THE SAFETY
OF PEOPLE. YOU KNOW
IT'S QUITE SIMPLE. AND ALSO, TO
FOLLOW THE GUIDELINES THAT ARE
SENT FORTH BY NOT ONLY THE CDC
BUT THE STATE AND THE CITY AND
STUFF LIKE THAT."
THE GOAL IS T
| {
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- Hello my friends, and welcome
back to Mystery Tech, where
I have a very special guest.
Construction noise.
(construction taking place outside)
Oh!
Oh, what's up?
I caught it, I'm so fast like, Sanic.
All right, first item is, (sighs)
I already don't like this.
Oh, is this the stupid MHKBD thing,
or whatever it's called?
- [Ken] Yeah.
- So, recently on Twitter, I found
that there is a company,
called MHKBD, or MKHBD.
It looks like MKBHD, and every time I read
the name, I feel like I'm dyslexic.
But they make these wonderful little
wood creations, like this,
which is a phone stand, right?
- [Ken] Yes.
- All right, so, let's give this a try.
Wow, how lovely that is.
Truly, a magnificent side hustle
for Marques and his secret
wood working company.
But look how nice this
is, I can have it rotate
around, I'm not entirely
sure why this moved,
because I don't see any
reason for it to move.
Oh, oh okay, I see.
So, you can rotate the moose so you get
different angles on your phone.
How,
- [Ken] That's so smart.
- He's, what a, what a clever gentleman.
That Marques.
If only we had recently
done a This Is episode
with Marques, all about whether or not
he can guess tech and phones correctly,
linked in the description.
- [Matt] I'm definitely taking that.
We can put it right on the fun station.
- Here you go, man.
(Matt laughs)
It's all yours.
- Look it.
(soft music)
Yay!
(snaps fingers)
- I hope you have some headphones, Ken,
I'm feeling in the mood for some music.
(thud)
Hey!
Wait, did you actually have
headphones already ready?
Okay, cool.
These are the Razer, Opus, wireless
noise-canceling headphones,
so, I've actually
heard a lot about this, so, we actually
got a really brief look at
this at CES earlier this year.
But essentially, the idea is that these
are very similar to something like
the Sony 1000X Mark 3s.
However, they're only
$200, and by most accounts,
they are almost as good in certainly
most categories, and
obviously a lot cheaper.
So, Ken, I know, you spend a lot of time
with the 1000X Mark 3s.
So, generally speaking, they're regarded
as some of the best sort of over-ear
noise canceling headphones.
However, at 350 bucks,
they're very expensive.
So, if these can even get close
to the same level of comfort, noise,
well noise rejection, I suppose,
as well as audio quality,
I'll be really impressed.
Wow, I mean, these look almost
identical to the Sony's.
But that's not a bad thing, I feel
the Sony's have a very classic design,
it's just very unusual,
that of all companies,
Razer are the ones who brought these out.
I mean, yes, they're certainly not
gaming focused headphones, but of course,
you have to consider Razer makes
a lot of other products,
including their own phone,
only natural for them to get
into the sort of, higher end audio space,
that's not just necessarily
just for like, a gaming headset.
- [Ken] And they also own THX.
- They do own THX.
Oh.
Okay, initial impressions.
The passive isolation
is nuts on these things.
Like, legitimately, I could believe
that these were on, just by putting it on.
Like, that's actually
a massive difference.
Usually, I'm not a big
fan of downloading apps,
for well, most of the
things on Mystery Tech.
However, I will download
the Razer Opus app
because not only, I'm sure they use
this for things like updating
your firmware and what not.
But supposedly, you can actually tune it
fairly accurately, I guess,
with the EQ and everything.
So, I'm connected, Auto Shutoff.
Oh, Auto Pause, Resume,
when the headset's removed
from your ears, that's a nice feature.
Obviously, with a lot of sort of like,
in-ear buds, you know, you take out
your AirPods or whatever,
it'll pause your music.
It's a little bit of a less common
feature for a proper
full-sized pair of headphones.
It's a really pleasant sound.
Like there's nice sound
stage, but it's not.
It's very easy to listen to, it's not
like, sort of like cranked
up on like the highs
and especially the bass,
like a lot of headphones,
especially like Bluetooth headphones.
All right, verdict.
- So, I do agree, there's definitely
not as much of a punchy,
bassy sound to it.
The one thing I really
like is that this actually
has physical buttons instead of the Sony,
where, the Sony has touch controls
that, I feel like get in
the way of everything.
- I like these, almost purely for the fact
that they like automatically
play and pause.
Like, I've really gotten
used to that with Bluetooth
headphones, with like the Galaxy Buds
and like AirPods and stuff.
That's a really nice feature.
- That is really seamless.
- It's super quick, the one thing
I don't like is when you turn on and off
ANC, the music pauses for a second.
Which sounds kinda like jittery.
- These sound really good for $200.
- All right, okay, well
I see more Razer stuff.
Is this just the Razer sponsor
episode, Ken, are you just sneaking
your sponsors in already?
- [Ken] Well, I kinda need to eat.
- So, we have the Razer Kishi,
another item that we did
take a look at at CES.
We also have the TCL 10 PRO.
Wait, hold on, walk me
through this for a second.
Have you bought anything
in this episode, yet?
Have you just been fully, like,
taking advantage of that sweet sponsor
money the entire time?
- [Ken] This one of the
cheapest Mystery Techs
we've ever done.
- Well thanks, after the last one
was like $400,000, I'm
pleasantly surprised.
Okay, now, so, let's start with the Kishi.
Okay, that's a pretty straight
forward looking controller.
Oh, yeah.
- [Matt] I would not do that with the, no.
- [Ken] Why do you
subject your Galaxy Fold?
- Flip, my Z Flip, you know what?
No, the Z Flip is durable.
- [Ken] One bad moment,
and your phone's gonna be cut in half.
- No look, it's even sturdy, look,
it's like the Fold’s
not gonna flip in half.
- [Matt] Oh, that's not sturdy.
- Look, it's fine.
- [Matt] There's so much flex.
We gave you a phone to use.
- Oh right, I forgot.
I will immediately say one thing, I like
the gray finish on the back, that actually
does look kind of unique.
This is every bit as good as a OnePlus,
or a Galaxy, it's nice sort of,
metal machining on the sides.
You've got a tapered
edge, which honestly looks
like it's straight off of
something like a OnePlus 7.
Oh, we've got a headphone jack.
How wonderful.
Although I will say the notch is looking
a little, a little on the old side.
I was about to say, "what a nice
freebie in the box," but Display Greatness
is burned onto your case,
so I don't like that at all.
All right, well, I mean I'm not impressed
with this fingerprint, sensor
right now, it is taking
like a solid 2 seconds for
it to register right now.
Maybe it'll be a little bit faster later.
Choose dominant hand,
left hand or right hand?
So this is a Snapdragon, 675, which is
actually pretty solid, 675 is probably,
we'll see in like Pixel 4A or whatever.
Oh, my God.
It burned in a watermark, a TCL watermark.
Display Greatness, Display Greatness,
Display Greatness.
Selfie portrait.
I mean, wow.
- [Ken] Whoa, what?
- Did you see how far
like, delayed that was?
I mean, that does not look good.
That is not my best selfie.
What the fu, okay, so we have three
cameras running right now.
- [Ken] Whoa, that's cool!
- Original, ultrawide and low light video.
- [Ken] That, that, what?
What?
Oh that, that's, that's gonna haunt
me forever, four Austins?
I thought one was enough.
- Hey, guys!
This is a phone!
Okay, so, you know what?
The camera seems to be about as good
as a $450 dollar phone should be,
unless your name is Google Pixel.
Why don't we try a game here?
One slight problem with this, it covers
up the proximity and the light sensor,
so, the phone immediately went completely dark,
I've to manually adjust that up.
So, now that we have Fortnite downloaded,
there are a couple of issues.
So, first of all, the Kishi
does seem to work, at least for the menus
and all the buttons are being registered.
The problem is that
the phone is defaulting
to low resolution at 20 FPS, so I cranked
up the limit, but I don't have high hopes
for the performance of this guy,
wouldn't even let me turn
up the graphics to medium.
I didn't think that the 675 was that sort
of low end, but like, it looks terrible.
Like, it definitely
looks like it's running
at like 360p or something.
Wow, it's not even 30 fps right now,
I'm at like 21, 22.
Yeah, this thing is not impressive.
- [Ken] You know what phone
would play this really well?
- What?
- [Ken] The iPhone SE.
- iPhone SE would
absolutely do a great job.
Do you see how the world was like
spawning in as I walked
around the corner there?
Look, the thing is, the controller,
I'm on board with, this feels good.
It's not a perfect fit for all phones,
but something like this, I
think it works well enough.
The problem just is with the TCL,
it's a nice bit of hardware,
but the performance
is bad, like there's
no other way around it.
Like this just looks terrible.
Whoa, what the?
I had no idea how to play Fortnite
but, they’ve added a lot of stuff since
the last time I played.
- [Ken] You say that every
time you play Fortnite.
- Sunny tech.
Okay, what is this?
What is that?
I see a capacitors and is
this like the Tesla coil?
- [Ken] This is part two.
Yes!
Okay, nevermind, I'm excited again.
- [Ken] So this Plasma
Loud Speaker is $80.
- Excuse me, did you say the words,
Plasma Loud Speaker?
- [Ken] Yes I did.
- This looks so nefarious.
I don't even know where to begin.
So, we have what looks like a power supply
here and then we have
like a motor or something?
And then it goes to
this, which is, I guess
just a couple of copper contacts.
Are you sure there are no
instructions of any kind?
- [Matt] You're the
one who opened the box.
- There was nothing in there.
- [Matt] I'd say just go for it.
Coward.
- [Ken] Oh, look to see where to you plug
in the headphone jack.
- What the (beep) was that?
Okay.
- [Matt] There's plasma.
- What is that, how do
you do anything with this?
- [Ken] Turn it off.
- [Ken] Oh, that is definitely.
- Okay.
(video playing on the phone)
Whoa, did you see it's jumping over?
What the f.
- [Matt] I hear it crackling.
(crackling)
Oh, oh!
- What is happening?
- [Ken] It's jumping.
- It is like going all over the place.
- [Ken] That's sick.
- So, the thing is, this is
a really interesting device.
The problem though is this is not
all that loud, it's very cool,
they're literally using electricity
in a plasma arc to listen to music.
But it's incredibly quiet, you would never
wanna listen to this as
like, a real speaker, right?
You'll almost hear sort
of more of the hissing
than anything else.
But that being said, as a Science toy,
it is actually really interesting.
It also scares me.
But I mean, what else is new?
Lots of things scare me.
Oh wow, what lovely background noise,
if only I had my active noise
cancellation headphones.
Oh well, instead I have a PS4 controller.
Wow, oh gee, whatever can I do with this?
And, what the (beep)?
What the (beep), Kenneth?
- [Matt] This is a family channel.
- This is the May Flash, Magic-NS Wireless
Controller Adapter for Switch and PC.
Are you trying to tell me that this turns
a PS4 controller into a Switch controller?
- [Ken] In theory.
- All right.
My friends, I come bearing a solution.
This may look like a normal TV to you,
but in fact it is not,
because it is the ultimate
Nintendo Switch Pro that we very carefully
customized on the Building
the Ultimate Nintendo Switch.
I'm using this because I wanted
to show off my craftsmanship, not
because I can't find
another Nintendo Switch dock
which is not glued to the back of TV.
That looks really bad on camera,
why did I even talk about that?
- [Matt] It looks even
worse than I remember.
- 'Kay, so, this is
pairing, that's probably
a good, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
it worked, it worked, it worked, wait.
Wait, why is it not, what?
Wait.
Wait, it paired, it's paired, what?
It's paired, it's paired, do you see it’s paired?
Can you see it's paired right now?
Look how blue that is.
This should be working,
why isn't this working?
- [Matt] I don't see a single positive
review past 2018.
- Okay, you know what?
This thing doesn't work, we're moving on
with the, you know it's
fine 'cause the ultimate
Switch doesn't need a
PlayStation controller,
it's good enough as is.
- [Matt] Now, we put that in the trash.
- What is that?
Why are you giving me more things?
I don't even have room on the table.
Is that another Roboraptor, Ken?
Did you give me another (beep)
Roboraptor, what the?
We've had Robraptor,
we've had Roboraptor X.
That Megaraptor, we've had that weird
pink raptor, we've had like five or six
others that I can't recall
off the top of my head.
But now, we've completely given up
and now we have Robosapien,
a (beep) Gundam.
- [Ken] You know Robosapien is like
the more famous cousin
of Roboraptor, right?
- I mean, it's from the same company.
Are you trying to tell me that Robosapien
is more popular than Roboraptor?
- [Ken] Actually, yes.
- Really?
Who doesn't want a robot dinosaur?
- [Matt] Who doesn't
want a little brother?
- I have one of those, and
that’s not worth it.
- [Matt] Oh, whoa.
- [Ken] Whoa.
- [Matt] So.
We should really take
those knives away from you.
- That's okay.
- [Matt] You watched too much Naruto.
- Dattebayo...
- That was the most
yikes moment of my life.
- [Ken] I am leaving.
(running footsteps)
(silly music)
(music grows a little upbeat)
- You know, I wonder why people
don't take me seriously sometimes,
and then moments like this, I'm reminded
of why no one takes me
seriously sometimes.
- [Matt] Austin "I make tech
on the internet videos" Evans,
thing, I messed that up.
- Can we name this "the Cringe
Episode of Mystery Tech"?
Or is that just every episode?
(Roboraptor growling)
'Mkay, all right.
He's not happy about
his new-found brother.
- [Matt] Put his hands back on right now.
- I'm putting his hands back on.
Yes, yes, there, there, calm down.
Okay, so we have Robosapien,
he doesn't look as high
quality as Roboraptor,
he's just black and just generic looking.
- [Matt] Wow.
He is (voice fumbles with Austin's)
- That's kinda cool, actually.
- [Ken] That's why Robosapien is actually
really popular, he's
most known for dancing.
- [Matt] What are you?
What?
Why are you like, what?
Oh, God.
- [Ken] Oh, Jesus Christ.
- [Matt] Why are you the way you are?
- He has two feet full of batteries.
(laughs)
- [Matt] Do we have that many?
- I don't know, I need a
screwdriver to find out.
- [Matt] What is that, like eight AAs?
- (coughs) I assume 4 and 4.
Oh (beep) no, they're two Cs.
- [Matt] Two Ds!
- Oh (beep), you're right, yeah, two Ds.
Double Ds my friend, Double Ds.
Did you just break your nut?
did you nut so hard you broke it?
- We don’t have Ds?
Are you trying to tell
me that this Mystery Tech
is officially over now that
we don't have batteries
for Robo-Lamo?
What do we do now?
- [Matt] Chipotle?
- Yeah, sounds good.
Thanks for watching,
see you guys next time.
(boxes crashing lightly)
Robo-Lamo.
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you
hello ladies and gentlemen and welcome
to Avery anime hello ladies and
gentlemen welcome to game theory where
nothing is wrong or different in the
slightest nothing has changed at all
trust me so I want to be real for a
second doki-doki literature Club is
something I was blindsided by there are
very few experiences that affect me in
any way now I've watched a lot of anime
and movies played a lot of video games
but few things ever completely consumed
me like this game did ever since I
finished it a month ago I have been
unable to get it from my head please if
you have even the vaguest interest go to
Steam right now and play it completely
blind it's free despite what it looks
and sounds like I can promise you that
you're in for the experience of a
lifetime I'm dead serious
this isn't something you want to be
spoiled for it's about five hours long
and trust me it may start slow but
you're in for one heck of a
rollercoaster okay I think I've given
enough of a warning let's get on with
the theory so this was certainly
something wasn't it
I always recommended this by my friend
Troy which sounds fine and so he
realized that he essentially sent me a
dating sim for no reason that was enough
to get me suspicious I mean it's not
like I've actually played this kind of
game except that one time and maybe I
played that one as well oh no oh boy I
might be transforming to a wave as we
speak regardless a hold boy I was not
ready for what I was in for this wasn't
a dating sim it was a nightmare
regardless it had such an impact that I
pretty much knew I needed to do some
videos on it
don't worry today is just a minor Theory
just an appetizer before the conspiracy
type stuff we're getting into next week
that being said let's talk about
manipulation something I've always found
interesting is when a work can actively
manipulate you to act and react in
certain ways to make certain events more
interesting in this games case well geez
there's a ridiculous amount of
manipulation going on behind the scenes
most people like to talk about the stuff
in art 2 & 3 but I'd argue some of the
most interesting manipulation comes in
with the fur
starke so sit tight or just hang around
for a bit because I'm covering what this
game did to make you the player do
certain things to make salaries events
at the end of arc one all the more
impactful so firstly I feel they need to
mention that with these kinds of things
nothing can ever be a hundred percent
there will always be cases out of the
norm so I'm more talking about what the
game tries to get you to do just keep
this in mind as you're watching so if
you're going in blind you're likely
going to assume that this is going to be
a regular dating sim with that there are
usually certain expectations you'll come
in with the most important one being
that in most cases you choose one of the
potential girls to get with in most
cases you start down an arc and that's
it you usually want to see the
conclusion of one r.a before heading
down another and this is where some of
the more subtle manipulation starts
because you see the game actively pushed
you to go down a certain route that
being Yuri's let's look at the first day
for example upon introducing each of the
characters the game treats each one of
them very differently
Natsuki is a cinder a to begin with
meaning that most people will decide
immediately whether they'll choose her
or not you like cinder is you're
probably going down not skis route if
not her strong personality will most
likely drive people away with SCI or E
ironically the game introduces her in a
very negative way the game almost seems
to portray her as a burden initially it
may be small but these kind of
impressions will stick with someone much
longer because the game outright told
you that she's mildly annoying Yuri
however is introduced as the most normal
of the three sure she's shy but
inevitably that's usually seen as a
positive out of the three she's the most
likely to be chosen because the game
doesn't want to drive you away from her
like the other two now to be fair from
the sound of that it's not much on its
own but there are more details that make
this more sure because the game really
wants you to go down URIs route the most
if that doesn't work it wants you to
choose not ski the game really doesn't
want you to choose Surrey for reasons
we'll be discussing later one detail
that adds to this however is the poetry
writing segments of the game since this
is the main way someone can choose a
route it means that here would be the
best place for more manipulation just in
case the subtle cues from before don't
work to be frank the game makes it way
easier to pick not ski or URI
words based on what you know initially
since the game makes it a point to say
not sick he likes cute things it's easy
to gather that the cute sounding words
will help sway Natsuki considering how
intellectual the game makes Yuri out to
be initially it only makes sense to
choose the more complicated words for
her say Ori however is much more
difficult to grasp her words are more
just whatever the closest to a hint you
even get is that celery likes and less
complex emotions but that doesn't really
make sense for words like fireflies or
vacation the game makes her route the
hardest to get to as she's the hardest
to define these things may not seem like
much on their own but combined they
drastically affect the chances of
someone picking her what would initially
seem like an even split suddenly becomes
much more weighed heavily on Yuri's end
and leaves the chances of someone
getting with Saori much lower by
comparison and once you pick a girl
you're unlikely to change down the line
if you're playing it like a normal
dating sim you assume you can just go
down a different route later so once you
pick Yuri you're unlikely to suddenly
feel like hanging with the other two oh
my gosh that was not intended what did
now this is all interesting but the
question is why why would they want you
to pick the other girls what difference
does it make really in the end well
quite a bit actually it's all in the
goal of making sure the event at the end
of the act is all the more painful to
get to there's a big tonne pack here so
hang tight stop okay
what why so firstly anyone who's played
the game knows by this point that sorry
was suffering from depression now sure
the indication is that Monica was
messing with her from behind the scenes
but it's clear looking at the evidence
that saiary had depression beforehand
what evidence he asked well the main
focus of the game the poems themselves a
close reading of any of the poems can
give you a much deeper dive into the
characters psyche than you'd initially
imagined as Ayari is no different look
at her first poem for example dear
sunshine the way you glow through my
blinds in the morning it makes me feel
like you missed me kissing my forehead
to help me out of bed making me rub the
sleepy from my eyes are you asking me to
come out and play are you trusting me to
wish away a rainy day I look above the
sky is blue it's a secret but I trust
you too if it wasn't for you I could
sleep forever but I'm not mad I want
breakfast
it's clear that the sunshine in the poem
isn't literal but instead the sunshine
she's referring to is actually the main
character reading it this way makes it
more interesting are you asking me to
come out and play are you trusting me to
wish away a rainy day essentially just
as she believes the main character needs
her to keep him happy
she also inevitably needs him to stick
around to be happy as well
she says as much when she finally
reveals that she's had depression if it
wasn't for you I could sleep forever but
I'm not mad I want breakfast in this
case sleep forever essentially means
give up entirely the main character is
keeping her alive and is making it
possible for her to get up in the
morning and if you're wondering the
second poem is much more blunt about the
truth in this one it may not seem like
much initially but it's impactful in two
different ways one if the player begins
to figure out the truth beforehand while
on another route it will only make them
feel worse too if the player is unable
to figure this out beforehand it makes
these poems which are borderline pleas
for help all the Saturday look back at
it as a double effect regardless of
which occurs but the end goal is to make
you feel bad specifically if you're on
another route this whole aspect gets
even more important in the next point
and of all the days you could find out
the truth about her condition
it ends up being the one day where
reacting to it is basically impossible
despite finally learning the truth the
player is then forced to spend the rest
of the time with either URI or Natsuki
if you somehow ended up on the CRA route
then this is bad because essentially
you're ignoring the one you chose who
has a serious issue and are instead
spending the day with one of the other
two having fun if you are in another
route you're essentially giving your
bestfriend the shaft to go suck on some
girl's finger for a bit congratulations
you're terrible chances are as well that
the player will have entirely forgotten
about the whole depression thing while
on the date with URI or Natsuki only for
it to come slap you right in the face at
the end when the confession scene
finally arrives you're given one of the
two choices to make you can either tell
syuri that you love her potentially
jumping off your previous route or you
can reject her now in a technical sense
the end result would seem to be the same
but it's the emotions it brings about
that differ drastically between these
choices there's a clear difference in
how each of these choices go down if you
say you love her the feeling seems
bittersweet but regardless there seems
to be some sin
of this being a nice choice rejecting
her though no she literally runs away
crying now the obvious choice would seem
that you'd want to choose the confession
but things aren't that simple remember
if you think this is just a normal
dating sim is it really worth
sacrificing the route you're on at this
point if you're playing it like it's a
normal dating sim chances are you won't
sacrifice the route it'll just go down
the side route a different time to make
up for it and since the chances of
picking either not skier URI initially
is much higher it makes this choice even
likelier than before and this all leads
into the climax of the arc when the
avatar finally walks upstairs to find
his best friend's lifeless body all this
stuff will piled up by this point in
most cases when someone dies it's not
what was done that causes regret is the
things that aren't done which sounds
worse to you trying to fix things with
your best friend before she kills
herself or entirely ignoring her for
another girl before she kills herself
it's that regret that makes this death
even more painful to grasp and since you
were likely going down either the URI
route of the not secure route this is
likely what occurred essentially you did
ignore your best friend for the sake of
getting with URI for her posture but you
know if all this manipulation wasn't
enough to make this scene worse there's
one more detail I feel the need to talk
about since I'm pretty much known for
making things much more screwed up I
feel the need to warn you that we're
getting all (NOPE) up in here and
analyzing a lifeless body if you're not
comfortable enough to look at it just go
to another tab and listen I guess
homeboy here we go
now firstly it's obvious by the tattered
clothes and blood stains on her hands
that she messed up she essentially sat
there and struggled for quite a sum of
time as her instincts kicked in now
that's bad but what's worse is when she
died look at the blood it's still bright
red it hasn't really dried up at all and
her eyes haven't faded much either in
the other case where we see a dead body
URIs eyes are essentially gone and the
blood turns completely dark in less than
a day it's clear that this death was
recent and considering the signs I'd say
she probably did this earlier in the
morning just around the time where you
could have come in and stopped at all
essentially when Monica says you left
Syre hanging that morning it's literal
if you would come over that day to wake
her up you likely would have had a
chance to save her perhaps she sat there
hoping you'd show up and save her and
when you never did she just decided to
end it all
what the heck what is it I'm gonna write
this regardless the manipulation that
doki-doki literature club goes through
makes the event all the more screwed up
and that's quite impressive the game
almost forces you to avoid salaries
route and subtle and not so subtle ways
only to use your dating some instincts
against you all this is done in an
effort to make sure that salaries death
is all the worse all these details are
impressive and personally I really
wanted to talk about the subject
thankfully for those of you who want
something a bit crazier well don't worry
yourself next week we'll be getting into
something pretty nuts and some of it I
guarantee you've never heard I've made
some interesting discoveries you'll have
to wait and see and hey if you enjoyed
this video why don't you like the video
and subscribe and huh why isn't why
isn't the end card loaded this a little
weird but alright see you guys in the
next video I guess
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EUROfusion és Fusion for Energy látogatás a Wignerben
Helló, jó napot kívánok!
Gerardo Giruzzi-nak hívnak
Fizikus vagyok a CEA-ban
De ma az EUROfusion egyik projektvezetőjeként vagyok itt
Amely a JT-60SA kísérlet előkészítéséért felel
A JT-60SA egy építés alatt álló tokamak
Naka-ban, Japánban
Ez lesz a legnagyobb működő tokamak az ITER berendezés előtt
Wigneres kutatók lesznek az első európaiak akik elnyerték a jogok, hogy diagnosztikát építsenek
a JT-60SA tokamakra
Azért jöttünk ide még néhány kollégámmal
hogy ellenőrizzük, hogy halad a projekt
A fizikusok és mérnökök egy intelligent videó diagnosztika rendszert építenek a Japán tokamakra
A Wigner Fizikai Kutatóközpont szaktudása
a tokamak diagnosztikák terén jól ismert
és nemzetközileg is elismert
A munka 2-3 évvel ezelőtt kezdődött
és most a végső fázisába lépett
Úgy gondolom, hogy minden a tervek szerint halad
ahogy ebben megállapodtunk
És remélem, hogy nagyjából 6 hónapon belül
a diagnosztika felszerelésre kerül a berendezésre Japánban
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For millions of years
the fastest animal on the planet
The cheetah has had the antelope in its sights
Pollution has given the antelope an arsenal of countermeasures. So it has a chance to escape
In order to survive this cheetah has had to develop more weapons than just her speed
It's the ultimate battle of biomechanics
As science determines who wins one of nature's deadliest faceoffs
Seen through the eyes of a predator
The cheetah and the antelopes are well-matched in the predator-prey struggle
Because as fast as the cheetah is with her blazing top speed of 120 kilometres per hour
Some members of the Antelope family which includes gazelles and impalas are nearly as fast
Hitting over 95 kilometers per hour
But speed alone didn't win this mother cheetah a much-needed meal
It's her incredible burst of acceleration
That makes her one of the most successful predators in Africa
Catching half the animals she hunts
She exploded with a lightning quick jolt from 0 to 95 km/h in less than three seconds
That's an acceleration faster than a jet plane
The secret to her explosive stride is her perfectly engineered spine
About 60% of her muscle mass is packed onto her backbone
Her spine expands and contracts with so much force
It actually adds 3/4 of a meter to her stride
Giving her the power to lunge nearly eight meters in a single bound
The ground races past her at 31 meters per second
When she stays locked on target
Once her unrivaled burst of acceleration kicks in the antelopes lead
Is gone
But this cheetahs job isn't done yet
She's so streamlined for speed she can't deliver a deadly bite through the Antelope spine like a lion does
Her aerodynamic skull doesn't reboot for strong teeth or jaw muscles
The only way that the cheetah can make a kill is by going to the throat making a strangulation hole
She squeezes the antelopes throat
She holds this throat lock for nearly ten minutes
And while she's decreasing the antelopes oxygen supply she's actually increasing hers
sucking in deep breaths to her large nasal cavity
Trying to recover from the massive strain of a 120 km/h sprint
But she can't afford to rest any longer
The animal could weigh as much as she does, but she needs to get it out of there
She can't eat it in the open
She has to get that food to a safe place and eat it as quick as possible
Before it attracts the attention of some of the other predators
With just her teeth she drags the 30 kilogram carcass under the cover of a tree
She has to slow down for just a little bit and catch her breath again
She has to rest anywhere from 15 minutes to half an hour to fully get down to a normal heart rate
Running faster than any land animal on earth takes a massive toll on her body
She just burned through 300 calories in one chase
That's like a human running without stopping for over 30 minutes
She did it in 30 seconds
Most cheetahs would spend the next half hour resting and then eating
But this mother cheetah doesn't have that luxury
She has to get this meal
To her four cubs
But the African savannah is full of other hungry predators
Just as she approaches her Cubs a
Lion is on to her
And if she can't keep him away
She'll lose today's meal
Any injury to her would mean death for her starving cubs
So she has no choice but to hand over the kill
All of that effort that loss of precious energy gone in the blink of an eye
50% of the kills that she makes are stolen by larger predators that cheetah is not equipped to fight
Cheetah just doesn't stand a chance
Losing that antelope was a big blow for the cheetah she burns at least
2,500 calories a day and this substantial meal almost 5,000 calories
would have given her enough energy to keep her going for two more days and
Now her energy level is dropping
Her survival hinges upon consuming more calories than she burns
Once she hits zero. She's in the danger zone and starts burning her own muscle for fuel
The cheetahs back with her Cubs but since female cheetahs are always single mothers
She'll have to once again leave her cubs alone to embark on another hunt
In the distance she
Spots what humans could never see with the naked eye
It'd be very similar to us grabbing a pair of high-powered binoculars
And as you're scanning the landscape something that will catch your eye is the same thing. That'll catch your eyes and that's movement
She closes in on potential prey, but she can't make her move too quickly
Because when two of the fastest animals in Africa engage in a battle the difference between life and death isn't just speed
It's also vision
This cheetah like most predators has evolved with eyes on the front of her skull
It gives her binocular vision and the depth perception to calculate exactly how far away her prey is
as
Important as eyesight is for the cheetah. It's even more important for the antelope
Antelopes, like most prey have eyes on the sides of their skull
So while a cheetah may have a field of vision of over 200 degrees
The eyes on the sides of the antelopes head give him a 270 degree field of view
With a tiny shift of his neck he monitors the full 360 degrees of his environment
His eyes are so sensitive to movement he can detect a slightest motion of a predator
Now in the antelopes line of sight the cheetah freezes
She knows as she remains motionless she is virtually invisible
The tawny color of the cheetah does a great job of blending her into her environment those spots that are covering her body
Look very much like shadows and help to break up her pattern. So it's very difficult for some of the other animals to see
What she's doing is kind of digging her feet in and she's getting ready for that push off
It's like a track runner getting into the blocks before the gun blows
In this eons old battle of life and death the cheetah has always had the advantage of speed but it comes with a catch
She has almost no endurance and on this hunt
Without a strong head start
She got caught up in a long chase
Redlining her body's powerful engine. She takes 150 breaths a minute
Three times as many as the fastest human sprinter the massive heart pumps over 16 liters of blood per minute
Circulating her entire body's blood supply in less than 20 seconds
At this pace she has less than half a minute before her body gives in to the stress
Her heart last 39 degree blood into her brain another one and a half degrees higher and it overheats
She only has seconds to make this kill well the chase could kill her
Once the body starts to go into overdrive and overheat the brain is the most vulnerable of all of our body parts once the brain
overheats
There's almost no bringing it back
But the Antelope is in less danger of overheating because he has a built-in cooling system
And for blood reaches his brain
It passes through a cluster of blood vessels
That are cooled by rapid bursts of air shooting to his enlarged nasal cavity
Just like a car's radiator it prevents vital fluids from overheating
And even as his body temperature reaches a scorching 42 degrees his brain is protected
He can stay cooler under pressure
When the Cheetahs temperature hit 40 degrees her body told her she had mere seconds to decide whether to let the Antelope get away
Or die trying to catch it
For a cheetah if they start their hunt too early
They can burn themselves out very quickly and not be able to catch their prey. She
Gave it everything she had but the hunt ended in disaster
an
Antelope can run close to 50 miles an hour. You're thinking, okay
Well cheetah can run faster than that, but the antelope can maintain that speed for a very very long time
They're more like endurance runners that can run very very fast. Whereas the Cheetahs are just sprinters
Not only did she fail to come away with a meal her energy reserves took a huge hit
And on her next couple hunts it gets worse
First she Springs after a lone male and closes in a hurry
But what seems like an easy target suddenly becomes a tough kill
Instead of running away the Antelope bounces up and down
It's a countermeasure called starting a last-ditch effort to intimidate the cheetah by projecting strength and stamina
And it works
Her initial sprint has already taken a lot out of her and she can't afford to burn any more energy on a kill
She's not certain she can make
It gets even more challenging on her next hunt as she creeps to within 45 meters of a herd of antelope
But they sprint away bursting into gravity-defying leaps
Shooting three meters into the air in and out of the Cheetahs line of sight is too disorienting
And she gives up the chase
But not without depleting her energy reserves even further
It's been a rough couple of days for
She and her Cubs have gone without any food and things are starting to look desperate
Physically the cheetah can probably last about as long as you or I could last without food
Probably five or six days without eating before she absolutely collapses of starvation
She's constantly looking for
predators that could come after her cubs
She's looking for prey that she could be hunting which means that she doesn't have a lot of down time
She's always on that adrenaline. That's within them constantly is keeping them on guard
It's like being at war where you're never able to relax
She has to find food and find it fast
She approaches her next hunt like a covert operation
Targeting a herd with several juveniles who are slower and less alert
The closer that she can get to him before she actually starts running the higher the likelihood that she's going to catch it down
And it takes far less energy to crouch and sneak up on the animal than it does the full-out run
As she closes to within a few hundred meters she initiates her stealth mode
Suddenly the body known for moving faster than any on four legs moves extremely slowly
She stalks her prey for nearly an hour when a youngster finally strays from the group
He's incredibly vulnerable but still over 90 meters beyond her striking range
If she attacks now she risks burning out and losing her prey in a long chase, but if she doesn't make a move soon
This perfect target could fall back in with his herd
And her best shot at a meal would disappear
It's a risk she has to take
Against the odds this cheetah came away with a kill
And she did it with an explosive burst
From zero to ninety five kilometers in just three seconds
At that speed she should have blurred and distorted vision
Which would make it nearly impossible for her to accurately lock in her target
But in an amazing feat of biomechanical engineering
She has an elastic ligament connecting her head directly to her spine
It gives her optical image stabilization
Which means that even at breakneck speed her neck and head are perfectly steady moving directly forward straight as an arrow
Providing the pinpoint accuracy. She needs to track her prey and make a quick clean kill
After she's made the kill she'll chew open the
Hindquarters, which has the largest amount of meat the Cubs don't have strong enough teeth to do that
Then the Cubs will come in and start eating it first
By the time her Cubs have eaten there are just a few bites left for her
She's picked up a small amount of energy, but her tank is still close to empty
Despite being exhausted she'll have to start all over again
If she doesn't hunt that means she could starve and if she starves in the cub star
It's a very very hard life for a female cheetah
Her Cubs are completely dependent on her
And she now knows that while hunting small antelope might keep her cubs alive. They won't keep her alive for long
She locks in on a large antelope
Alone and oblivious
For over an hour, she stalks him to within 45 meters close enough to strike
He's huge weighing 60 kilograms
He'd be more than enough food for her family
But does she have enough energy left in her tank to catch him and bring him down?
She's able to knock her giant adversary right off its feet
Because at the exact moment the antelopes leg is on its back swing
she extends her paw and
lashes out with her greatest weapon in a high-speed pursuit
Her dewclaw
Because it doesn't touch the ground when she runs
This is her only claw that stays razor-sharp
It latches on to the antelopes hip
He runs at nearly 80 km/h trying to pull free from the Cheetahs grip
But her dewclaw is hooked so deeply into the antelopes thick high
That she can't be shaken
With just this tiny claw two and a half centimetres long. She sends a 60 kilogram antelope tumbling to the ground
In one lethal swipe
But she's able to get the Antelope down
But with his enormous size she can't keep him down
What she thought was a kill may actually kill her
This cheetahs dewclaw helped her take this giant antelope down
But her other claws actually prevented her from keeping him down
They're too dull to tear the antelopes skin
And her teeth and jaw don't have the strength to land a strong bite
Lacking weapons in this biomechanical arms race she tries one last desperate move
Going for a kill bite
These antelope have weapons that point straight up so in the act of tumbling around the cheetahs got to negotiate
Where she can get in safely and get a nice bite on the neck if she doesn't negotiate that right
She's not in good shape
She's lucky to have escaped without being gored
Burning far more calories than she's consuming is pushing her body to the break
And risking the very survival of her family
After catching her breath she heads back to the tree under which she last left her cubs
But they're gone
Their scent is out of a range our only hope is to call out to them
But if she alerts any predators to her cubs presence
We put them in great danger
From the time that Cubs are very very little they know that they need to fear lions and they need to fear hyenas
They killed cheetah cubs not because they like the tastes of the cheetah
In fact a lot of times whenever they do kill a cub they don't even eat it
But what they are doing is eliminating the competition that's in the area
With so many ruthless competitors around she needs to track down her cubs without exposing them
When she gets separated from her cubs, she's going to start to chirp like a bird
Large predators are very used to the roaring sounds and the very typical cat sounds
She emits this sound that sounds like a bird
And all of a sudden pain is not paying attention anymore because oh it's just a bird
She's done what she had to do
But how did she manage to hold off a hyena that's bigger stronger than a flat-out better fighter
She was helped by the long black tear lines under her eyes
Cheetahs are the only cat species
Who have tear lines that go all the way from the corners of their eyes down to the corner of their mouths those tear lines?
exacerbate her facial expressions
Native Americans used to wear war paint to make themselves seem much more physically intimidating
So if she snarls and hisses and spits and those tear lines make her look more aggressive
Maybe she can get away
Her cubs are safe for now, but predators like hyenas lions and leopards pose a serious threat every time she leaves them alone
About 10% of the Cubs will make it to they're a year old
that first year their life is the most difficult time because literally everything is looking out for them and we'll take advantage of a
Cheetah cub being left alone
So this mother is forced to make a difficult choice
Does she go off on a hunt to provide for her cubs?
Or does she stay close to protect them from perpetual danger?
Right now she decides her cubs need food more than they need her protection
Over the past week this mother cheetah has struggled with the increased hunting demands of having four growing Cubs
Burning far more energy than she's consuming
And now her caloric reserves have dropped below zero she's burning through fat and even muscle just to keep her going
If she doesn't succeed in this next hunt it could be her last
She shifts her tactics
Rather than hunt a dawn or dusk when there's greater competition. She decides to go on the prowl at midday when?
predator traffic dies down
This is also when the Sun is at its brightest
Which is a big problem for most of Africa's predators
But the cheetah is equipped to handle the glare
The very same tear lines that helped her and her cubs escape the hyena
May enhance her vision in the harshest African sunlight
When human athletes are out in the middle of the day playing football or baseball
They were black grease under their eyes to help dampen the glare of the sunlight
She just do the same thing so that when she's hunting that sunlight doesn't affect her so much
Fully equipped to handle the Blazing Sun she creeps up on a herd of antelope but doesn't move in from behind
She goes the long way taking a position to its side
Why would she risk moving into the antelopes line-of-sight
To avoid the wind
The antelopes sense of smell is amazing over time a cheetah will learn that it could give away its presence just by its scent
So it start learning to approach the animal download
Her focus shifts to two antelopes straying from the herd
She creeps as close as she can hoping to avoid burning what little energy she has left in a long-distance chase
The antelopes start to separate and
in an instant
She has to make a choice
This one is over 35 metres away
The other is much closer
But her brain instantly registers for obstacles surrounding it
Each represents a chance for her prey to escape each of these obstacles can prevent her from reaching top speed
Each of these obstacles can cost her two to three strides
And without her blazing top speed
her greatest advantage slips away
This one might be farther away and bigger but she has a cleaner path a straighter trajectory of attack
She's analyzed dozens of variables and made her choice
She knows she has just enough energy for one final sprint a
Sprint which won't exceed 30 seconds
If she has chosen the wrong antelope
She may reach the limit of her endurance and she and her Cubs
will starve
Just ten seconds into the chase
The Cheetahs closed the gap on the antelope to 15 metres
At this pace her speed advantage would put her on the antelopes back
In just two point two seconds
But suddenly the Antelope begins darting side-to-side
Each sharp turn by the analog forces the cheetah to alter her path
Adding two seconds to the chase
If he makes ten of these quick turns
They'll push the cheetah to the limit for endurance
The antelope may be slower but evolution gave him a potential lifesaver
Agility
At risk of starvation this mother cheetah finally made the big kill she needed to keep herself alive
there's more than enough food here to recharge her energy and
provide for her cubs
So, how was she able to match the quickness and agility of the antelope
To keep her body under such precise control at such intense speed she relied on two key body parts
first her claws
Unlike most other cats they never fully retract
They're like a sprinters track spikes
giving her constant traction and
the sharpest turning radius of all of Africa's big cats
so even at this breakneck speed she turns on a dime and
Is vital to her agility as her claws
his her 76 centimeter long tail
But cheetahs tell is very very long and very muscular and as she is
Running at top speed. She'll use that the way a boat would use a rudder
so as she's turning she'll throw the tail out to one side to help her corner one way to
Throw it out to the other side to help her corner in the other direction
Her claws and tail gave her the agility and balance to go stride for stride with the antelope
And with a bigger stride than the antelope she gained enough ground to finally take it down
It was the perfect kill
Executed with a perfect combination of predatory skills
a silent stalk of unsuspecting prey a burst of acceleration
a split-second decision a surge of quickness
And a perfectly timed swipe of her Duke law all led to the most important kill of her life
Exhausted she tries to recover from the fight but out here on the open plain
She's a prime target for a mugging
Will she continue to rest and risk losing her kill to a hungry adversary
Where can she summon up the strength to drag the 45 kilogram carcass back to her cubs
Before a predator tries to snatch it from her
She's got to manage to slow her heart rate slower respiration rate
And then she can actually think about being able to bring an antelope back to feed her cubs
But despite having this fresh kill in her teeth
She's only fought half the battle
She still has to drag the heavy carcass to her cubs
And do it without drawing any attention
She returns to her cubs undetected still exhausted from the hunt
She barely has the energy to dig in for the caloric boost. She so desperately needs
But she still can't let down her guard other opportunists are swooping in
Over 40 vultures descend on the cheetah
And make it clear. They will challenge her for the kill
If a cheetah gets tangled up with a big bird like a vulture and just gets a wound a nicked for limb then that cheetah
Is as good as dead because that animal can then no longer run 70 miles an hour
She tries to bluff but still weak from the chase. She's all bark and no bite
And the vultures can sense it
This is Nature's Way of levelling the predatory playing field
The cheetah is the fastest animal on four legs one of the best hunters in Africa
But it comes with a great genetic sacrifice
The cheetahs are almost over specialised
because every
Adaptation that these cats have that gives them so much greater speed comes at a cost. There's no middle ground
Her small slender head boost aerodynamics for maximum speed
But translated into week jaws and small teeth
Her semi-retractable claws provide incredible traction and agility
But they're anything but deadly weapons
And her lightweight skeleton keeps the cheetah quick and agile
But small bones mean less mass and she's often outweighed by other predators
Even prey
This cheetah and her cubs weren't able to finish their meal, but they've eaten enough to make it to another day
it's all part of their constant struggle just
to survive
the larger carnivores like lions and hyenas have been able to grow their
Populations which about competed the Cheetahs in the last hundred years. We've lost about 90 percent of the Cheetahs. They're left in the world
For this cheetahs part all she can do is continue to provide for her cubs
Protect them from danger
And teach them her predatory strategies in hopes that they will one day survive on their own
Fortunately for her
They already possess their deadliest hunting weapon
A genetic gift given to them at birth
pure unadulterated
Speed
You
Just as she approaches her Cubs a
Lion is on to her
And if she can't keep him away
She'll lose today's meal
Any injury to her would mean death for her starving cubs
So she has no choice but to hand over the kill
All of that effort that loss of precious energy gone in the blink of an eye
50% of the kills that she makes are stolen by larger predators that cheetah is not equipped to fight
Cheeta just doesn't stand a chance
Losing that antelope was a big blow for the cheetah she burns at least
2,500 calories a day and this substantial meal almost 5,000 calories
would have given her enough energy to keep her going for two more days and
Now her energy level is dropping
Her survival hinges upon consuming more calories than she burns
Once she hits zero. She's in the danger zone and starts burning her own muscles for fuel
The cheetahs back with her Cubs but since female cheetahs are always single mothers
She'll have to once again leave her cubs alone to embark on another hunt
In the distance she
Spots what humans could never see with the naked eye
It'd be very similar to us grabbing a pair of high-powered binoculars
And as you're scanning the landscape something that will catch your eye is the same thing. That'll catch your eyes and that's movement
She closes in on potential prey, but she can't make her move too quickly
Because when two of the fastest animals in Africa engage in a battle the difference between life and death isn't just speed
It's also vision
This cheetah like most predators has evolved with eyes on the front of her skull
It gives her binocular vision and the depth perception to calculate exactly how far away her prey is
As important as eyesight is for the cheetah it's even more important for the antelope
Antelopes, like most prey have eyes on the sides of their skull
So while a cheetah may have a field of vision of over 200 degrees
The eyes on the sides of the antelopes head give him a 270 degree field of view
With a tiny shift of his neck he monitors the full 360 degrees of his environment
His eyes are so sensitive to movement. He can detect the slightest motion of a predator
Now in the antelopes line of sight the cheetah freezes
She knows if she remains motionless she is virtually invisible
The tawny color of the cheetah does a great job of blending her into her environment those spots that are covering her body
Looked very much like shadows and helped to break up her pattern. So it's very difficult for some of the other animals to see
But she's doing is kind of digging her feet in and she's getting ready for that push off
It's like a track runner getting into the blocks before the gun blows
In this eons old battle of life and death the cheetah has always had the advantage of speed but it comes with a catch
She has
You
For millions of years
the fastest animal on the planet
The cheetah has had the antelope in its sights
The antelope an arsenal of countermeasures so it has a chance to escape
In order to survive this cheetah has had to develop more weapons than just her speed
It's the ultimate battle of biomechanics
As science determines who wins one of nature's deadliest faceoffs
Seen through the eyes of a predator
The cheetah and the antelopes are well-matched in the predator-prey struggle
Because as fast as the cheetah is with her blazing top speed of 120 kilometers per hour
Some members of the Antelope family which includes gazelles and impalas are nearly as fast
Hitting over 95 kilometers per hour
But speed alone didn't win this mother cheetah a much-needed meal
It's her incredible burst of acceleration
That makes her one of the most successful predators in Africa
Catching half the animals she hunts
She exploded with a lightning quick jolt from 0 to 95 km/h in less than 3 seconds
That's an acceleration faster than a jet plane
The secret to her explosive stride is her perfectly engineered spine
About 60% of her muscle mass is packed onto her backbone
Her spine expands and contracts with so much force
It actually adds 3/4 of a meter to her stride
Giving her the power to lunge nearly eight meters in a single bound
The ground races past her at 31 meters per second
But she stays locked on target
Once our unrivaled burst of acceleration kicks in the antelopes lead
Is gone
But this cheetahs job isn't done yet
She's so streamlined for speed she can't deliver a deadly bite to the Antelope spine like a lion does
Her aerodynamic skull doesn't leave room for strong teeth or jaw muscles
The only way that the cheetah can make a kill is by going to the throat making a strangulation hole
She squeezes the antelopes throat
She holds this throat lock for nearly ten minutes
And while she's decreasing the antelopes oxygen supply she's actually increasing hers
sucking in deep breaths to her large nasal cavity
Trying to recover from the massive strain of a 120 km/h sprint
But she can't afford to rest any longer
The animal could weigh as much as she does, but she needs to get it out of there
She can't eat it in the open. She has to get that food to a safe place and eat it as quick as possible
Before it attracts the attention of some of the other predators
With just her teeth she drags the 30 kilogram carcass under the cover of a tree
She has to slow down for just a little bit and catch her breath again
She has to rest anywhere from 15 minutes to half an hour to fully
Get down to a normal heart rate
Running faster than any land animal on earth. It takes a massive toll on her body
She just burned through 300 calories in one chase that's like a human running without stopping for over 30 minutes
She did it in 30 seconds. Most cheetahs would spend the next half hour resting and then eating
But this mother cheetah doesn't have that luxury
She has to get this meal
To her four cubs
But the African savannah is full of other hungry predators
Most no endurance and on this hunt
Without a strong head start
She got caught up in a long chase
Redlining her body's powerful engine. She takes 150 breaths a minute
Three times as many as the fastest human sprinter the massive heart pumps over 16 liters of blood per minute
Circulating her entire body's blood supply in less than 20 seconds
At this pace she has less than half a minute before her body gives in to the stress
Her heart last 39 degree blood into her brain another one and a half degrees higher and it overheats
She only has seconds to make this kill where the chase could kill her
Once the body starts to go into overdrive and overheat the brain is the most vulnerable of all of our body parts once the brain
overheats
There's almost no bringing it back
But the Antelope is in less danger of overheating because he has a built-in cooling system
And for blood reaches his brain
It passes through a cluster of blood vessels
That are cooled by rapid bursts of air shooting through his enlarged nasal cavity
Just like a car's radiator it prevents vital fluids from overheating
And even as his body temperature reaches a scorching 42 degrees his brain is protected
He can stay cooler under pressure
When the Cheetahs temperature hit 40 degrees her body told her she had mere seconds to decide whether to let the Antelope get away
Or die trying to catch it
For a cheetah if they start their hunt too early
They can burn themselves out very quickly and not be able to catch their prey. She
Gave it everything she had but the hunt ended in disaster
an
Antelope can run close to 50 miles an hour. You're thinking, okay
Well cheetah can run faster than that, but the antelope can maintain that speed for a very very long time
They're more like endurance runners that can run very very fast. Whereas the Cheetahs are just sprinters
Not only did she fail to come away with a meal her energy reserves took a huge hit
and
On her next couple hunts it gets worse
First she Springs after a lone male and closes in a hurry
But what seems like an easy target suddenly becomes a tough kill
Instead of running away the Antelope bounces up and down
It's a countermeasure called starting a last-ditch effort to intimidate the cheetah by projecting strength and stamina
And it works
Her initial sprint has already taken a lot out of her and she can't afford to burn any more energy on a kill
She's not certain she can make
It gets even more challenging on her next hunt as she creeps to within 45 metres of a herd of antelope
But they sprint away bursting into gravity-defying leaps
Shooting three meters into the air in and out of the Cheetahs line of sight is too disorienting
And she gives up the chase
But not without depleting her energy reserves even further
It's been a rough couple of days for
She and her Cubs have gone without any food and things are starting to look desperate
Physically the cheetah can probably last about as long as you or I could last without food
Probably five or six days without eating before she absolutely collapses of starvation
She's constantly looking for
Predators that could come after her cubs. She's looking for prey that she could be hunting
Which means that she doesn't have a lot of down time. She's always on that adrenaline
That's within them constantly is keeping them on guard. It's like being at war where you're never able to relax
She has to find food and find it fast
She approaches her next hunt like a covert operation
Targeting a herd with several juveniles who are slower and less alert
The closer that she can get to him before she actually starts running the higher the likelihood that she's going to catch it down
And it takes far less energy to crouch and sneak up on the animal than it does the full-out run
As she closes to within a few hundred meters she initiates her stealth mode
Suddenly the body known for moving faster than any on four legs moves extremely slowly
She stalks her prey for nearly
What she thought was a kill may actually kill her
This cheetahs dewclaw helped her take this giant antelope down
But her other claws actually prevented her from keeping him down
They're too dull to tear the antelopes skin
And her teeth and jaw don't have the strength to land a strong bite
Lacking weapons in this biomechanical arms race she tries one last desperate move
Going for a kill bite
These antelope have weapons that point straight up so in the act of tumbling around the cheetahs got to negotiate
Where she can get in safely and get a nice bite on the neck if she doesn't negotiate that right
She's not good shape
She's lucky to have escaped without being gored
Burning far more calories than she's consuming. He's pushing her body to the break
And risking the very survival of her family
After catching her breath she heads back to the tree under which she last left her cubs
But they're gone
Their scent is out of a range our only hope is to call out to them
But if she alerts any predators to her cubs presence
We put that in great danger
From the time that Cubs are very very little they know that they need to fear lions and they need to fear hyenas
They've killed cheetah cubs not because they like the tastes of the cheetah
In fact a lot of times whenever they do kill a cub they don't even eat it
But what they are doing is eliminating the competition that's in the area
With so many ruthless competitors around she needs to track down her cubs without exposing them
When she gets separated from her cubs, she's going to start to chirp like a bird
Large predators are very used to the roaring sounds and the very typical cat sounds
She omits the sound that sounds like a bird
And all of a sudden pain is not paying attention anymore because oh it's just a bird
She's done what she had to do
But how did she manage to hold off a hyena that's bigger stronger than a flat-out better fighter
She was helped by the long black tear lines under her eyes
Cheetahs are the only cat species
Who have tear lines that go all the way from the corners of their eyes down to the corner of their mouths those tear lines?
exacerbate her facial expressions
Native Americans used to wear war paint to make themselves seem much more physically intimidating
So if she snarls and hisses and spits and those tear lines make her look more aggressive
Maybe she can get away
Her cubs are safe for now, but predators like hyenas lions and leopards pose a serious threat every time she leaves them alone
About 10% of the Cubs will make it to they're a year old
that first year their life is the most difficult time because literally everything is looking out for them and we'll take advantage of a
Cheetah cub being left alone
So this mother is forced to make a difficult choice
Does she go off on a hunt to provide for her cubs?
Or does she stay close to protect them from perpetual danger?
Right now she decides her Cubs need food more than our when a youngster finally strays from the group
He's incredibly vulnerable but still over 90 meters beyond her striking range
If she attacks now she risks burning out and losing her prey in a long chase, but if she doesn't make a move soon
This perfect target could fall back in with his herd
And her best shot at a meal would disappear
It's a risk she has to take
Against the odds this cheetah came away with a kill
And she did it with an explosive burst
From zero to ninety five kilometers in just three seconds
At that speed she should have blurred and distorted vision
Which would make it nearly impossible for her to accurately lock in her target
But in an amazing feat of biomechanical engineering
She has an elastic ligament connecting her head directly to her spine
It gives her optical image stabilization
Which means that even at breakneck speed her neck and head are perfectly steady moving directly forward straight as an arrow
Providing the pinpoint accuracy. She needs to track her prey and make a quick clean kill
After she's made the kill she'll chew open the
Hindquarters, which has the largest amount of meat the Cubs don't have strong enough teeth to do that
Then the Cubs will come in and start eating it first
By the time her Cubs have eaten there are just a few bites left for her
She's picked up a small amount of energy, but her tank is still close to empty
Despite being exhausted she'll have to start all over again
If she doesn't hunt that means she could starve and if she starves in the cub star
It's a very very hard life for a female cheetah
Her Cubs are completely dependent on her
And she now knows that while hunting small antelope might keep her cubs alive. They won't keep her alive for long
She locks in on a large antelope
Alone and oblivious
For over an hour, she stalks him to within 45 meters close enough to strike
He's huge weighing 60 kilograms
He'd be more than enough food for her family
But does she have enough energy left in her tank to catch him and bring him down?
She's able to knock her giant adversary right off its feet
Because at the exact moment the antelopes leg is on its back swing
she extends her paw and
lashes out with her greatest weapon in a high-speed pursuit
Her dewclaw
Because it doesn't touch the ground when she runs
This is her only claw that stays razor-sharp
It latches on to the antelopes hip
He runs at nearly 80 km/h trying to pull free from the Cheetahs grip
But her dewclaw is hooked so deeply into the antelopes thick high
That she can't be shaken
With just this tiny claw two and a half centimetres long. She sends a 60 kilogram antelope tumbling to the ground
In one lethal swipe
She's able to get the Antelope down
But with his enormous size she can't keep him down
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YEAH
♪♪♪
UH
♪♪♪
YEA MAGIC CITY
MAN, THE SNOW MAN
BOUT TO TEAR THIS
MOTHERFUCKER DOWN.
BIG BOSS MAN.
♪ THAT'S THAT
TRUCK BACKIN UP. ♪
♪ BITCH WE AINT
PLAYING ABOUT THE MONEY ♪
♪ WE GOT IT
WRAPPED UP LIKE A MUMMY ♪
♪ THAT
PRESIDENTIAL LOOKING SUNNY ♪
♪ FEEL LIKE A
MAGIC CITY MONDAY ♪
♪ HATING ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ HOLDING THEY
NUTS ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ THEY WANNA SEE A
NIGGA FALL OUT THE GAME ♪
♪ JUST KNOW I
STAY SMOKING GOOD ♪
♪ STEADY BALLING
ON THESE SUCKERS ♪
♪ COUNTING PAPER I
SUGGEST YOU DO THE SAME ♪
♪ JIZZLE IS THE NAME ♪
♪ HUSTLING IS THE GAME ♪
♪ BOUGHT
EVERYTHING ON THE MANNEQUIN ♪
♪ MONEY LIKE A TRAIN ♪
♪ I JUST WALK UP
OUT OF NEIMAN'S ♪
♪ AND GO BUY ME A PLANE ♪
♪ BLACK DROP HEAD PHANTOM ♪
♪ JUST TO HUG
UP ALL THE LANES ♪
♪ IF YOU DON'T
THINK THAT'S FUNNY ♪
♪ THEN YOU
DON'T KNOW ME MONEY ♪
♪ THINK WE
PLAYING BOUT THIS PAPER ♪
♪ THEN YOU
DON'T KNOW ME HONEY ♪
♪ THE CLICK
DON'T DO NO HOLSTERS ♪
♪ WE STANDING ON THE SOFAS ♪
♪ AND WE BE IN THEM ROLLS ♪
♪ THE ONES THAT
COME WITH CHAUFFEURS ♪
♪ WHO THE FUCK THE DJ ♪
♪ HE PLAYING ALL MY HITS ♪
♪ WHO THEM
NIGGAS PUTTING ON ♪
♪ THAT THEY GOT
ALL THE BRICKS ♪
♪ MONEYS THE AGENDA ♪
♪ WE MIX IT LIKE A BLENDER ♪
♪ GOT TEN OFF
IN THE FENDER ♪
♪ WIT STAMPS OF
IN THE CENTER ♪
♪ BITCH WE AINT
PLAYING ABOUT THE MONEY ♪
♪ WE GOT IT
WRAPPED UP LIKE A MUMMY ♪
♪ THAT
PRESIDENTIAL LOOKING SUNNY ♪
♪ FEEL LIKE A
MAGIC CITY MONDAY ♪
♪ HATING ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ HOLDING THEY
NUTS ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ THEY WANNA SEE A
NIGGA FALL OUT THE GAME ♪
♪ JUST KNOW I
STAY SMOKING GOOD ♪
♪ STEADY BALLING
ON THESE SUCKERS ♪
♪ COUNTING PAPER I
SUGGEST YOU DO THE SAME ♪
♪ REST IN PEACE NANDO ♪
♪ CAR FULL OF AMMO ♪
♪ ABRACADABRA ♪
♪ MAGIC ORLANDO ♪
♪ HOP UP OUT THE BANDO ♪
♪ HOP UP OUT THE LAMBO ♪
♪ GOT MY CUBAN LINKS ON ♪
♪ THEY GON NEED A PASSPORT ♪
♪ I'M DOING THE DASHBOARD ♪
♪ PAID 300 CASH FOR IT ♪
♪ USED TO HAVE IT GLASS ♪
♪ LIKE IT CAME
OFF THE BACKBOARD ♪
♪ CAME IN THE BOOK DOOR ♪
♪ SKIN COLOR ♪
♪ MAN THE BITCH
KEEP RUBBING ON ME ♪
♪ IMA TURN INTO A GENIE ♪
♪ THIS THAT
MAGIC CITY FLOW ♪
♪ GOT THAT
MONEY ON THE FLOOR ♪
♪ I'M SO
CLOSED TO THE CLUB ♪
♪ I DAMN NEAR
PARKED ON THE FLOOR ♪
♪ IT'S A LINE AT THE DOOR ♪
♪ NIGGAS LYING AT THE DOOR ♪
♪ HIT THE HOTEL SUITE AND ♪
♪ PUT THE SIGN ON THE DOOR ♪
♪ BITCH WE AINT
PLAYING ABOUT THE MONEY ♪
♪ WE GOT IT
WRAPPED UP LIKE A MUMMY ♪
♪ THAT
PRESIDENTIAL LOOKING SUNNY ♪
♪ FEEL LIKE A
MAGIC CITY MONDAY ♪
♪ HATING ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ HOLDING THEY
NUTS ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ THEY WANNA SEE A
NIGGA FALL OUT THE GAME ♪
♪ JUST KNOW I
STAY SMOKING GOOD ♪
♪ STEADY BALLING
ON THESE SUCKERS ♪
♪ COUNTING PAPER I
SUGGEST YOU DO THE SAME ♪
♪ THAT'S THAT CHICK
RUNNIN THRU THE MACHINE ♪
♪ I GOT THAT RETAIL ON IT ♪
♪ BY THE TIME IT GET TO
YOU I GOT THAT DETAIL ON IT ♪
♪ WE GOT THAT
FISHSCALE ON IT ♪
♪ BY THE TIME IT GET TO U
IT GOT THAT SEASHELL ON IT ♪
♪ I GOT A RATIONAL ♪
♪ BOUT THE NEW
ROLIE WITH BUS DOWNS ♪
♪ AFTER FED UP MY WRIST ♪
♪ I JUMP OUT YO
BITCH I GET OUT ♪
♪ AND GO JUMP
IN THAT FOREIGN ♪
♪ I REPRESENT
EVERYTHING THAT I 'M WITH ♪
♪ AND EVERYTHING I'M
IN IT GOTTA BE FOREIGN ♪
♪ WE WRAP IT UP LIKE A
MUMMY FINESSE IT LIKE A DUMMY ♪
♪ I GOT A PLUG ON THE GIRL ♪
♪ BUT I KNOW I YOU
THAT YOU TELLING ♪
♪ I GOTTA SHIT
ON YOU FIRST... ♪
♪ CUZ I KNOW
THAT YOU JEALOUS. ♪
♪ I HAD TO JUMP
OFF THE PORCH ♪
♪ NOW I'M FULLY DEVELOPED ♪
♪ BOSS STATUS ABSOLUTELY ♪
♪ TOP BACK NO ROOF ♪
♪ SEARCH AROUND
FOR THE STREEM FAM ♪
♪ THEY'LL
NEVER HAVE A CLUE ♪
♪ BITCH WE AINT
PLAYING ABOUT THE MONEY ♪
♪ WE GOT IT
WRAPPED UP LIKE A MUMMY ♪
♪ THAT
PRESIDENTIAL LOOKING SUNNY ♪
♪ FEEL LIKE A
MAGIC CITY MONDAY ♪
♪ HATING ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ HOLDING THEY
NUTS ON A PLAYA ♪
♪ THEY WANNA SEE A
NIGGA FALL OUT THE GAME ♪
♪ JUST KNOW I
STAY SMOKING GOOD ♪
♪ STEADY BALLING
ON THESE SUCKERS ♪
♪ COUNTING PAPER I
SUGGEST YOU DO THE SAME ♪
♪♪♪
♪ WHO YOU KNOW RUN
UP A CHECK LIKE THAT ♪
♪ WHO YOU KNOW RUN
UP A CHECK LIKE THAT ♪
♪ WHO YOU KNOW RUN
UP A TAB LIKE THAT ♪
♪♪♪
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Wow, thank you.
What's up, man?
Thanks for being here.
Thank you so much.
Absolutely.
And I need to say, thank you
for being my first celebrity
interview.
Wow.
And congrats on the finale
of The Big Bang Theory.
Thank you so much.
Or should I be saying I'm sorry?
How are you feeling?
I'm hung over.
I drank my weight in
tequila last night.
So I am exhausted.
We shot on Tuesday.
And then yesterday,
in the morning,
we got our hands imprinted in
front of the Chinese Grauman
Theatre.
Nice.
It was incredible.
Huge.
And I don't know.
I don't think there's any word
in any language ever written
that could describe what
I'm feeling all of it.
I'm feeling sad.
I'm feeling exhilarated.
I'm feeling tired.
I'm emotionally.
I'm cried out.
I'm laughed out, all of it, so
probably a little overwhelmed.
But I couldn't miss this.
I'm so happy to see you.
I'm dressing like you, and
you're dressing like me.
Exactly, yeah.
What's happening?
Well, I knew what
we were going to do.
You know what I mean?
I thought you were
going to wear a hat.
So I wore this.
But then you didn't.
But then I let you--
but listen.
With all that emotion,
man, you made history.
You guys are the
longest running sitcom--
12 seasons, 279 episodes.
Wow.
So I got to know.
How was that final taping?
The final taping, I had held
it together pretty much pretty
well.
But then, in the last
scene that I was shooting,
they added a joke.
And I said it, and I thought I
would get another chance at it,
because we shoot
most takes twice.
But no, I got it.
And then they said
all right, moving on.
And then that was
the last words I was
going to say as that character.
So as I was walking up
to my dressing room,
with every step, the realization
that those were the last words
I would ever see as Raj
began to really sink in.
And I cried.
I cried a lot.
It was very cathartic.
It was nice, actually.
I'm not much of a crier, so it
felt really wonderful to cry.
But yeah, it was--
I'm really going to
miss playing him,
because it was nice to
show up to work every day
and play a character
that was so pure and so
innocent and hopeful.
And I think that that's
pretty rare these days.
So it's really wonderful.
And can you say yet?
Can you say what you've taken
from the set to remember Raj?
Did you steal anything
on the way out?
You're like, you know what?
This is the last time.
I'm going to just
take this with me.
Yeah, I mean, what are
they going to do, fire me?
I can say anything
I want, literally.
No, I haven't actually
taken anything from the set.
But we're just down
here, so I think
I'm going to swing by right
now because no one is there.
So I can take whatever I want.
I think I'm just going
to take the whole couch.
Just drop back by, right?
Yeah, exactly.
Exactly.
Now, this is really,
really interesting, man.
This is now 12 years ago.
You were not doing this at all.
This was your first TV show.
Is that right?
Yes, yes.
I had just gotten my master's
in acting in graduate school.
And I'd spent some time
at the Royal Shakespeare
Company in England.
And I'd come back.
And I was a waiter at
a raw food restaurant.
Yeah, I know.
I remember I auditioned.
I didn't have a car at the
time, so I rented a car
to audition for the show.
And for the final callback
for Warner Brothers,
I rented the cheapest
car that I could afford.
But they bumped me up because
they ran out of the small cars.
And it was a Toyota Solara,
Solaris, or something.
And it was a convertible.
It was white.
You was California
living though, yeah.
Exactly.
And then I remember taking
the top down and driving out
to Warner Brothers.
I played "California Love."
And I was like,
(SINGING) California.
And I was like, I
could get used to this.
You know what I mean?
Turned in the keys,
went back to my job.
But it really felt. And then
the universe aligned itself.
And here we are.
Absolutely, and
then so many years.
So now, with this wrapping up,
what are you doing this summer?
You've got time now.
What are you going
to do to relax?
I'm going to eat a
lot of pasta and pizza
and put on a lot of weight.
And I'm going to rent a boat
and sail the south of France.
I'm going to spend a
weekend in Ibiza, Ibitha,
however they pronounce it.
They're pretty
cynical about that.
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My name is Dirk Brenner and I am a group leader at the Luxembourg Institute of Health
We are working on cellular communication within the immune system
Our aim is to explore new pathways for the treatment of inflammatory diseases
I got attracted by the FNR ATTRACT Fellowship,
and this is how we founded the group and got started.
Inflammatory diseases are actually quite heterogeneous group of diseases,
including multiple sclerosis, arthritis, diabetes, but also cancer.
All these diseases have in common that the immune system is deregulated
and is either causing these diseases or supporting these diseases.
In our lab, we are interested in analysing signalling networks in cells
We first take our protein samples, which is basically like a ‘cell soup’
and analyse these proteins by using a so-called gel to separate them by size
We can detect these by fluorescent coupled antibodies,
which can be visualised in the specific chamber here.
It’s basically like general photography:
Depending on the picture we get,
we see whether a cell is active in the one or other pathway,
or whether it’s inactive.
In some disease cases, certain proteins are even totally lacking,
and that alone might be the cause of the disease.
In another laboratory, we are using flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a very powerful technique that gives us an idea
about the surface characteristics of several immune cells,
We are basically shooting cells through a very complicated machine
where we can detect surface molecules by fluorescence labelling,
and depending on the combination and the intensity of the different fluorescent signals,
we can make assumptions about the activation status of these cells
and the activation status of a cell
tells you basically how good potential immune cells might be in an anti-tumour attack
In the lab where we study infections,
all the scientists are dressed up in protective clothes
So here we have isolated, for example, virus-specific T-cells
and we plate them together in an antigen-specific context
to measure a specific viral response.
This sounds quite complicated, however, we just put the cells in to this test plate,
place them in the incubator and after 24 hours and 48 hours,
we see that the T-cells that react to the virus have been dividing
and this can also be visualised, for example by flow cytometry
If you take a drug today, you mainly have an inhibitor in your hands,
and an inhibitor is something that blocks cellular communication
That’s why it is so important to understand this cellular communication pathway,
because it is gives us a disease mechanism
and that is important to also then interfere with the disease itself
In the end we are going to prove our concepts in a functional immune system in mice,
if the results are promising and we can confirm it,
then this is the first step for further pre-clinical development of a potential drug
The ultimate aim would be to have a certain panel of immunotherapeutics that are directed against the same disease,
to have a certain flexibility and also to respond to the individual needs of the patients
and we would like to have a significant part in this development.
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- Hi, I'm Jonathan Boccara.
I write on the blog Fluent C++.
It's a blog about expressive code in C++
with an article every Tuesday and Friday,
and I work at Murex.
I am a team leader of a
C++ developer software,
software developer team.
(audience grumbling)
I'm sorry?
- Do you have a microphone?
- It's not working.
Oh, it's, okay.
Just let me put that up.
Hi, hi, everyone hears me?
We're good.
Okay.
Right, so I was Jonathan Boccara.
I was on Fluent C++ writing twice a week
about expressive code in C++,
and I'm still working at
Murex as a team leader
of a C++ software developer team.
What we're gonna talk about
today is the STL algorithms.
We're gonna start off this
talk with a question to you.
Who in this room is aware of the fact
that it's a good thing to
know the STL algorithms?
Just raise your hand if
you're aware of that fact.
Pretty much everyone, hands rising.
That's pretty cool.
Second question, who knows them all?
Go on, raise your hand.
Go on, then.
That's pretty much,
that's actually no one.
No one's hand's rising now.
That's exactly the purpose of this talk.
When you walk out of that room,
you will know every single thing
that's in the STL algorithms library.
To do that, I suggest that we start
with a brief chat about why it's important
to know them and what to learn in them,
and then we dive in the
STL algorithms themselves.
All right?
So, there's this thing
that's been popularized
across the C++ community
over the past few years
that's we need to know
all the STL algorithms
and we need to know them well, very well.
But why?
Well, for one thing, they can make
our code more expressive,
and they do that by raising
levels of abstraction,
which means that they allow to express
what we want to do as opposed
to how we want to execute it,
and I think that raising
the levels of abstraction
is one of the most efficient
way to write expressive code.
And it can be sometimes spectacular.
Like, if you've seen that
talk a couple of years back,
by Sean Parent, which
was called C++ Seasoning,
in that talk, Sean took a chunk of code
that was a bit hard to understand
and he refactored it into a more concise
and expressive piece of code,
just by picking the right STL algorithm.
That's not the only reason
If we write ourselves our manipulations
on collections, then we have
to have, to write somehow,
the traversal of a collection,
and we have to write a
for-loop if we don't resort
to using STL algorithms,
and when we write for-loops,
there are things that can go wrong,
like for example, we need to be sure
that the traversal
doesn't go past the ends,
like, we have to run that mental check,
run the loop in our head to make sure,
and even then, there's a risk,
and if we go past the end
of a collection in C++,
then we get into undefined behavior,
and from that point on,
anything can happen.
Literally, anything can happen,
and that's allowed by the standard.
What's happening on the screen right now,
is absolutely legal C++,
even though it's probably more likely
that you get a crash than a
clown popping up next to you
but still, the clown is
legal by the standard.
Another kind of mistake
is dealing with the case
of an empty loop, and
that's the same thing,
we have to run it in our head, have a risk
of it going wrong sometimes,
and then going to undefined
behavior all over again.
With the STL algorithms,
this doesn't happen,
so that's one more reason to use them.
Another case of mistake we can make
when writing our own
for-loops is about complexity.
Some algorithms that they
can be implemented naively,
in quadratic complexity,
and in a more astute manner,
in a linear complexity.
We go back to an example
later with algorithms on sets.
Also, STL algorithms are used
by billions of people every day.
Well, maybe not billions
of people every day,
but quite a lot of people fairly often.
(audience laughing)
(laughing) More seriously, they are parts
of standard C++ which means
that you should not be afraid
to use them and think that maybe
somebody's not gonna be
able to understand them
because they don't know them.
I think we should level
up to the STL algorithms
and not the other way around.
So this is the common, this is part
of the common vocabulary of C++
just as much as int or if
or whatever the language is.
And it's so, so standard
that even if you're running
an older C++ version,
you can still get most
of the STL algorithms,
like for example, if you're
in C++03 for example,
and you want to use like
all of or any of or none of,
which appeared in C++11,
well, you can just grab that code
and copy it into your codebase
and just start using them,
so most of them are within your reach,
whichever version of
C++ you're on right now.
Right, so, now, let's say that you want
to go to the STL algorithms,
you want to take that path.
Well, there's a trap that's lying
just at the beginning of that path,
and this is called for_each.
For_each is one of the STL algorithms.
It's nothing, there's
nothing wrong with it.
It has a use case we'll see a bit later,
but the trap that it represents is that,
it looks like a for-loop, right,
because it takes a begin and an end,
and some code that it will execute
on every element of the
collection, just like a for-loop.
So, you might be tempted to think
that you can replace all
your for-loops by for_each,
and that you'd be done,
that you'd be using the STL algorithms.
And that's not quite the spirit,
because there's much more than for_each
in the STL algorithms library.
There's many more, many more algorithms
that let you express more
nuance when you write your code.
I'm going to show you something
to illustrate the fact
that there's much more than for_each
in the STL algorithms library.
(moderate orchestral music)
(dramatic orchestral music)
(intense orchestral music)
Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you
the world of the STL algorithms.
(audience clapping)
On this map, I've placed
all the STL algorithms
as of C++17,
and I've grouped them by region,
according to the logical
relationship they have, right?
The rest of this talk will
consist in exploring that world,
but before diving in,
we can note a few things
while looking at it from afar.
The first thing we can note is that,
for_each is just one
of them on one island,
lost on the middle of the ocean,
so it's just one of them.
What we can note, also,
is where most of them are.
You can observe that the largest region
on that world is over here,
and that's the lands of queries.
Call that queries because
all those algorithms
that live here,
they just read into the collection
and extract some piece of information,
and they don't actually modify it.
I don't know what you think,
but I would have thought
that most algorithm would
somehow change the collection,
like sort or partition or whatever.
They are there, as well, but most of them,
they're just read-only operations.
I suggest that we start our journey
by the other end of the
world from for_each,
down here on the algorithms on heaps.
So, what is a heap to begin with?
A heap is a data structure
that looks like a tree,
but that has a property.
It's that every node must be smaller
than its children.
I think it's called that
because it kind of like,
looks like a heap in real life,
like, the small ones are at the top
and the bigger one at the bottom.
It's better having a heap.
That you can observe,
that the heap on the right
of the picture is the
other way around, right?
The biggest element is at the top
and every element is
bigger by its children.
That's a C++ heap, it's called a max heap.
The relationship between
the parent and its children
is the parent is bigger, right?
So it's the other way around
from the heap from real life,
but, you know, we
developer don't really live
in real life anyway, so,
does it really matter?
Don't think so.
So, one interesting property of a heap
is that we can squash it
down into a range like that.
One more time, more slowly.
To squash down a heap into a range,
we take the first row, which
is just the root of the tree
and then the second row,
and then the third row,
and so on and so forth,
and when we do this,
there's this nice property
that it's a range,
so we can represent it
with a vector, for example,
which is quite convenient
to work with, and also,
to go from a node to its left child,
it's essentially taking its index
and multiplying it by twos, nearly that.
So it's a way to represent
a tree into a range.
If we have a range, we
have a beginning and an end
and we can use STL algorithms.
So, the first thing we can do
is taking values that are
not particularly a heap,
and rearrange them so that
they respect the heap property.
To make a heap, to make a
heap, we use std::make_heap
with a begin and an
end, and that rearranges
the element inside of a collection.
That's our first algorithm of the day.
That's one down, 104 to go.
I forgot to mention,
it's 105 STL Algorithms In
Less Than an Hour, Each.
(audience laughing)
Just making sure we've got
the same understanding here,
all right?
No, I'm joking.
Don't worry, well, either
way, you'll find out.
Let's move on, what we can do with a heap
is add something to it,
independently from C++,
to add something to a
heap, we put the new thing
right at the end and it might
not be its right position
because it may be smaller than its father,
and the way to add it to
the heap is to swap it
with its parent until it
reaches its final position.
All right, now, to do that in C++,
we can squash down the heap, right,
to represent it as a range.
Say that it's a vector, we
add something to the end
and then we need something
to make it bubble its way up
to its final position,
and that's push_heap.
Now, push_heap just does the same thing
within, with the tree
version, but in range version.
Now, to remove something from a heap,
or this thing with heap,
why do we use heaps
in the first place, is to be
able to get the maximum value
of the collection in not too much time,
and count it on time.
In fact, the heap, the max
element of the collection
is just the front, so
this is where we access
and this is also what we allow to remove.
To do that, we swap it with the last one.
That's what pop_heap does.
At this point, the range in
yellow is probably not a heap
because there's the one at the end
that was probably one
of the smallest ones,
that was at the beginning,
so we need to make it bubble its way down
to its final position, and
that's what pop_heap does.
And if we want to remove, to
actually remove that value,
we pop it back from the vector.
Now, if we don't pop it
back from the vector,
but leave it here and do that again,
for the part in yellow,
the shrinking heap,
if we do that over and over,
at the end, we'll get, can someone see
what we'll get at the end?
Yeah, right, a sorted collection.
So that's a way to sort the collection,
and that's what sort_heap,
std::sort_heap does.
Talking about sorting, this is
the region around the corner,
the shore of sorting.
So, let's see how to sort with the STL.
The simplest way probably is std::sort.
That takes a collection,
begin, end, and rearranges them
so that they're in sorted order, okay.
Now, if we only want to sort
the beginning of a collection,
as we saw in depth in Fred's talk,
we can just partial sort the things.
A partial sort takes a begin and an end,
and sort of like a middle,
something inside of the collection,
and sorts the collection from
the beginning to that point
and the rest is in
unspecified order, right.
So the left-hand side of the collection
is what would be there if
it was completely sorted.
Now, to sort just one element,
that's nth_element, which
takes a begin, an end,
and something inside of the collection,
and puts at that position
inside of the collection
the element that would be there
if the whole thing were sorted.
And for the rest, everything
that's on the left is smaller,
and everything that's on
the right is not smaller.
There's sort_heap, which we've mentioned
with repeatedly calling pop_heap,
and there's inplace_merge, inplace_merge
is the incremental step in a merge sort,
so we've got a collection
that we can mentally think of
as two halves,
and merge sort, so the
two halves are sorted
and merge sort combines the whole thing
into a sorted collection.
So that's about sorting with the STL.
Just further up the shore,
there's the region of partitioning.
So, what's partitioning
in the first place?
To partition a collection is to look at it
through a predicate, something
that returns a Boolean.
Here, our predicate is being blue.
To partition a collection
is putting all the blue ones
at the beginning, and other
not-blue ones at the end.
Of course, it works for
blue and red and yellow
and actually every, any
predicate, all right.
The border between the blue
ones and the not-blue ones
is called a partition
point, that's the end
of the blue range and
that's also the begin
of the not-blue range, can you see that?
Okay, that's called partition_point
and to retrieve from a
partition collection,
there's std::partition_point.
Right, if we take a step back
on that part of the world,
that was the land of permutation,
the place where elements
move around the collection
even if they don't change value.
We've seen heaps, sort, partition,
and there are a few others
that we'll go through quickly.
There's this permutation
that takes the element
at the end and put it at the bottom,
put them at the beginning, sorry.
That's rotate.
Another way to change the
order of the element collection
is to do that randomly, and
that's what std::shuffle does.
So std::shuffle takes a
collection with elements
in a certain order, and takes something
that generates random numbers,
and rearranges the
collection in random order.
There is an order we can
define on permutations.
Given a set of object, given
a collection of object,
we can order them, order all
their possible arrangements,
and an intuitive way
to see that is thinking
about an alphabetical order, right?
So, in this collection, one, two, three,
all the way to nine, the smallest one
if those were in a dictionary,
would be that first one,
one, all the way to nine.
And the one just after
would be the same thing,
with the nine and an eight,
swapped together, right?
And so on, and the largest
one would be the one
at the bottom here, from
nine down to one, right?
If you have a collection in a given order,
any order between the
smallest and the biggest one,
next_permutation which
takes a beginning and an end
would rearrange it so
that it goes to the order
that's just after it, and prev_permutation
to the order that's just before it.
That's interesting if
you'd like to do something
for every possible
arrangement of a collection,
we can repeatedly call next_permutation
until you've cycled back to the beginning.
And finally, the last one is reverse,
that reverses the element collection.
Right, so we've been all around
the lands of permutation.
Just in the corner of the map here
are the secret runes.
The secret runes are
things that you can combine
with other algorithms to
generate new algorithms.
I call them runes because it's like,
it's like going to see
runes to augment your powers
and also because I find
that kind of cool as a name.
So let's call them that for
purpose of this presentation.
We've seen all the algorithm that go
with the stable rune, so stable,
when you tack it onto an algorithm,
it does what this algorithm does,
but keep the relative order.
Think about partition for example.
It put all the blue ones at
the beginning, that's for sure,
but maybe in the process, some
of them got swapped around.
With stable_partition, they all keep
the same relative order,
same thing with stable_sort.
The is rune checks for a
predicate on the collection.
We know what sort, partition, heap, means,
or is_sorted, is_partitioned,
is_heap returns a Boolean
to say, to indicate whether it's a sorted,
a partition or a heap
that we're looking at.
An is until returns an iterator
that's the first position
where that predicate
doesn't hold anymore.
All right, so for example, if
we have a sorted collection,
and then we call is_sorted_until,
we'll get the end of that collection.
All right, let's take a step back.
So we've been down there in
the lands of permutation.
Let's now focus on the largest part
of the world, the lands of queries.
There are quite a few of them in there,
but we'll go through them quite quickly.
So, one thing you can
extract out of a collection
is some sort of value.
For example, the simplest
one is probably count
that takes begin and an end and a value
and returns how many
times this value occurs
in the collection.
There's accumulate, that makes the sum
of the element of the collection
calling operator plus,
or any custom function you'd pass it.
In C++17, there's reduce that appeared,
that does practically the
same thing as accumulate,
except it has a slightly
different interface.
It can accept to take no initial value,
and it can also be run in parallel,
but essentially, it's
the same as accumulate,
and transform_reduce takes a function
and applies that function to
the element of the collection
before calling the reduce.
Partial_sum, well, it sums the,
all the elements starting
from the beginning
to the current point of the collection,
so here, partial_sum
would return a collection
with, in the first position,
what was in the first position
of the original collection,
and in the second one
would be the first one
plus the second one, in the third one
would be the first plus
the second plus the third,
so on and so forth.
In C++17,
there's inclusive_scan, exclusive_scan,
transform inclusive_scan,
transform exclusive_scan,
which have interesting names, let's say.
Or inclusive_scan is the
same thing as partial_sum,
except it can be run in parallel.
Exclusive_scan is the same
thing as inclusive_scan,
except it doesn't include
the current element,
so for example, with exclusive_scan,
the second element would be equal
to the first element of
the original collection,
the third one would be one plus two,
the fourth one would be
one plus two plus three,
and so on and so forth,
and the transform
versions of those two guys
take a function, apply
it to the collection,
and then perform the inclusive
slash exclusive scan.
Inner_product makes the inner
product of the collection
which is a multiplication
of the counterpart elements
and then summing that whole thing.
Adjacent difference makes the difference
between every two neighbors
in the collection,
and sample, appearing in C++17,
takes something that can return some,
that can generate random numbers,
and it takes a number,
say n, and it produces n element
of that collection, selected randomly.
Apart from querying a value,
we can query a property.
There's all_of, any_of and none_of,
which are really useful in everyday code.
All_of takes collection and a predicate,
returns if all of the elements
satisfy that predicate,
any_of if at least one element
satisfy that predicate,
and none_of if no element
satisfy that predicate.
Now, what do you think all_of return,
returns with an empty collection?
What do you think, Fred?
True.
Does everyone, everyone agrees with Fred?
Yeah, that's true.
Any_of on an empty collection?
Yeah, false.
None_of?
Come on, there's only
two possible answers.
Yeah, true, absolutely.
That was querying a property on one range.
We can also query a
property on two ranges,
which is essentially different
ways of comparing them.
The simplest way to compare two ranges
is to see if they have
the exact same contents,
so the element would be equal two by two
and it would have the same size
and that's what std::equal
returns, it returns a Boolean.
Now, if we'd like to know
if the two collections
contain the same elements
but not necessarily
in the same order, that's is_permutation,
also returning a Boolean.
Now, we can also compare ranges
and say which one is
smaller than the other one.
To define smaller, we could go with size.
That's not very precise,
there's another way to do that,
is going back to the alphabetical,
lexicographical ordering, all right.
In this example, I've used characters,
but that can be with any type
that has a comparison operator.
You can see on this example that,
the left collection is smaller
than the second one, than the right one.
If it was in, if they were
in a dictionary, right,
even though it's longer in terms of size,
it would come before in a dictionary,
and that's what
lexicographical_compare returns
in the form of a Boolean.
Now, the last way to
compare two collection
is to traverse them both
and stop whenever they start to differ.
That's what mismatch has, std::mismatch,
and it returns a pair of iterators
pointing to the respective position
of where they start to differ
in the two collections.
Now, a classic thing to extract
in a collection is a position,
like looking for something,
or to look for something
in a collection now,
essentially, two ways to do that.
It depends on whether
the collection is sorted
or not sorted.
If it's sorted, we can
use a binary search.
It's not sorted, we'll have
to go all the way through
from the beginning.
Let's start with a not sorted case
because it has the lower
number of algorithms.
Well, the simplest one,
and very famous one,
is find, std::find takes a value,
takes, sorry, begin and end and value,
and returns the iterator where,
pointing to that value.
Now, or end, if that value is not found.
Now, it has a sort of like twin brother
that's much less famous,
but quite useful as well
and it's called adjacent_find,
and that returns the first position
where two adjacent value occur
and are equal to the value search,
so adjacent_find takes a
beginning and an end and a value
and returns the first position
where two of those values
appear in a row.
On the sorted side, we are not
really looking for a value,
because searching for a given value could,
it could be at several
places, and since it's sorted,
they would be lumped together,
all right, so in this example,
if we're searching for orange,
we're actually looking for a sub range
that could be empty for
orange is not there at all,
and that's what equal_range returns.
Search in a sorted collection
will use equal_range.
There are other algorithms
that sort of like,
look like it, lower_bound and upper_bound,
and that only indicate
positions to insert elements.
Like, if I were to insert a new orange
at the left of the existing
orange, I would use lower_bound,
and at the right of the existing orange,
I would use upper_bound, and
there's this guy, binary_search
that returns a Boolean,
just appear, unexpected,
because it takes a beginning
and end and a value
and only tells you
whether it's there or not,
but doesn't tell you where it found it,
and it uses a binary search,
which is a good thing. (laughs)
Now, we've been looking for
one value in a collection
like orange, we can also
look for a range of value
in a collection, like, looking
for the first occurrence
of the sub range in a big range,
like looking for that range
on the left in the big range.
To do that, there's an algorithm
that has a very bizarre name,
because it's called search.
I don't know what you think, but for me,
search is almost the same as find,
except find says that
it will find it, right,
and search says it will try to find it,
but search has nothing to do with find.
It searches a sub range into a range.
That's not the best name.
The best, I think the most curious name
in the whole STL library is what follows,
which is looking for a sub
range but starting from the end.
It's called find_end.
(audience laughing)
That's good to know, isn't it?
And what we can search in a sub range
is any of the value in the little range
finding its first
occurrence in the big range
and that's find_first_of.
And finally, we can search
for a relative value
which is the largest
one or the smallest one.
That's max_element or
min_element, or both,
minmax_element, that
returns a pair of iterators
pointing to the max and the min element,
sorry, the min and the max element.
Right, we've been around the
largest part of the world.
Now we're going to move
in my favorite place.
It's the glorious county
of the algorithms on sets,
because they're glorious.
Well, what's a set to begin with?
It includes std::set but not only.
In C++, what we call a set
is any sorted collection,
so a std::set is sorted and is a set,
but a sorted vector, for the
purpose of the STL algorithms,
is also considered as a set.
Set_difference, which is
my favorite algorithm,
takes two sets and returns
the elements that are in the first one
but not in the second one,
and its end phase is like that,
it produces this output
via an output iterator.
I like it so much because
it's useful all the time,
and it's also in linear complexity,
and it would be easy to
implement in quadratic complexity
but it's in linear complexity
because it uses the fact
that the input that's sorted,
and also its output is sorted.
Set_difference has
siblings, set_intersection,
that returns the element
that are both in A and in B,
set_union that returns
element that are in A or in B,
so, everyone,
set_symmetric_difference,
which is, I think,
the longest name yet,
it's the longest name
in the whole library, fun fact.
That returns the elements
that are in A and not in B,
and those that are in B and not in A,
includes, that returns a
Boolean, that indicates
whether all the elements
of B are also in A,
and merge, that takes
two sorted collection
and puts them together into
one big sorted collection.
Oh, that's it, that was too short.
Okay, let's take a step back.
We've been in the most
populated regions of the world,
all over here, we now have just
these parts, small parts, to cover,
so maybe we'll take an hour after all.
So let's go to this place
that, the place of movers,
so movers are algorithms
that move things around.
The simplest way to move things around
is probably to copy
them, and so std::copy,
it will be the simplest
algorithm in the whole library.
Takes two collection,
or takes one collection
with a begin and an end,
and the output iterator
of a second collection or a back inserter
or stream iterator or whatever,
and copies every element
of the first collection
into this output iterator.
There's also std::move.
Like, we know std::move like std::move,
but there's also std::move, the algorithm,
and it takes a begin and an end
and our output iterator
just like std::copy,
and it calls the usual
std::move on every element
of the input collection, so
after std::move the algorithm,
all the elements of the
input collection are moved,
and to swap the contents of
two ranges, there's swap ranges
and they all obviously
have to be the same size.
Now, a little exercise.
Let's say that we've got
a collection at the top,
one, two, three, all the way up to 10,
and we would like to write some code
and use an algorithm that we've seen
from the beginning of
our talk up until now,
to turn it into the
collection at the bottom,
so we want to copy the first five elements
four positions down.
Which algorithm do you think
we could use to do that?
Come on, there's less
than 105 possible answers.
Yeah.
- Copy.
- Copy, absolutely.
So, we'll use copy.
I thought to use copy as well,
and then it, I think it
crashed when I used it.
So let's see what
happens, what's happening.
So, the first thing copy does
is to copy the first element,
right, to the output,
so I don't know if you are thinking
about that, but I put
as an output iterator,
begin, plus four, or
plus, sorry, plus three.
And then we've lost a value,
we've lost four, right?
Which is annoying.
What we would like to do is to copy,
but starting from the last one, right?
Because we don't care about the eight
that used to be there, and
then move all the way back up,
yeah, so what we would really like to do
is to copy, but backwards.
That's what we're gonna say, right?
- Reverse copy.
- Yeah, copy backwards.
Pretty much the same, hey.
And there's also move backwards
that does the same thing, but moves.
Right, so that's the movers.
Now, just down around the corner,
there's the value modifiers,
which I would have expected
to be more more numerous,
but there's just four of them
in a quite large piece of land.
So, those guys actually change the values
inside of a collection, so,
how can we change the values
inside of a collection?
One easy way to do that is to
put the same value everywhere.
That's what fill does, it takes
a begin, an end and a value
and copies that values
all the way through.
Another way that's a bit similar in spirit
is to use a function that can be called
with no argument, and we
call that function once
for every element of the collection.
That's generate.
Another way to fill a
collection that's quite useful
to have, like, I don't know,
a unit test, stuff like that,
to have quickly a sequence of values,
is iota, which has a funny name, I think.
It takes begin, an end, a value,
put that value at the beginning,
and then increment it and increment it,
until it fills the whole
collection with increments.
And finally, there's replace,
that quite expectedly
replaces the values in a collection,
like replace 42, 43 will
replace every 42 by a 43
in a collection of ints.
Right, now, jumping above the water,
there's this island of
the structure changers.
What I call the structure
changers, is the algorithms
that after they've done their job,
the collection doesn't look
the same even from afar.
So, there are two of
them, remove and unique.
Remove is used
to remove values, but it has
something peculiar with it.
Since STL algorithms
only act as the iterators
of a collection and not
the collections themselves,
they can't change the size
for example of a collection.
They can't perform an
erase in a collection.
All they can do is to change the values
between the begin and the end,
so what remove, std::remove does,
is to pull up the collection
by leaving only those that
should not be removed,
so if we want to remove the 99s,
we use std::remove, begin, end, 99,
and it will pull up everything
that's left without the 99
and what's at the end is not specified.
We can't rely on it,
it could be the element
that were there before,
it could be the 99s,
it could be anything else.
It could change, it could vary
from compiler to compiler,
from version to version,
so we can't rely on that.
And to actually remove those element
from, say, a vector, we
have to call a method
on the container, like erase on a vector.
We'd like to erase all the
element that are crossed out,
and to do that, remove returns an iterator
that points to the first
element that's here crossed out,
so we have to erase
between what remove returns
and the end,
which is quite of a mouthful of code
to remove the 99 in the
collection, isn't it?
I think that we should not use that code,
and we should drop it into a
function with a nicer name,
and use this in our everyday code.
I reckon that's been a proposal by STL,
Mr. STL, the guy, to add those
functions to the standard,
but it hasn't been accepted
yet, so until it is,
if it is, we should
just wrap this function,
it's quite an easy thing to do.
If you want to grab the
code, it's been published
on Fluent C++ last week, I reckon.
Unique does something quite similar.
It removes the duplicates in a collection,
or more precisely the adjacent
duplicates in a collection.
Right, so if we do unique here,
this collection has several 99s,
and it will remove only the adjacent 99,
because it has a linear complexity,
it will only traverse the collection once,
and unique will also pull up the values
that are to be left and return
an iterator to the values,
to the, yeah, the values
that are crossed out.
Those value, we can't rely
on them, just like remove,
and we have to erase
them, quite a bit of code,
from not much, and we should
package that into a function
with a better name.
Whether unique is a
better name, I'm not sure,
but we should at least
package that into a function.
Have we got a question there?
Sorry, I couldn't hear that.
- [Man] Sorry, one was not removed.
- Indeed, one was not removed.
That's a good observation,
and it's not removed
because there's no adjacent
ones in the collection.
Thanks for that.
We've unlocked a new rune, copy.
We've seen all the algorithms
that are combined with copy
in the STL algorithms library,
so, copy, you can tack it on an algorithm
like those algorithms and
it creates new algorithms
that do the same thing
but in a new collection,
so like remove or unique
or replace or whatever,
they operate in place.
Those guys, they leave
the collection untouched
and they take an output iterator
and they produce the output
to that output iterator.
We've also unlocked if.
That, as a predicate, so, where,
say, find, for example was taking a value,
find_if takes a predicate
but does essentially the same thing.
And we're going to go to that part
we started the talk
with, the lonely islands,
with for_each and transform.
Let's start with transform.
There's nothing wrong with
for_each or transform.
The reason why I put
them on lonely islands
is because I couldn't see in
what family they would belong.
I think they sort of like, separate,
even though it's not a problem in itself.
So, transform, essentially
it applies a function
to the elements of a collection,
so it takes a collection, begin, end,
a function, f, and an output,
like an output iterator,
such as this back_inserter here.
And it produces the, well, the application
of that function to every
element of the collection.
What's a bit less famous about transform
is its other overload.
The one that takes two collections
and a function that takes
two parameters, all right.
So.
It applies that function
just like transform
with one input collection
to the two collection
by feeding the two collection into f
for each element and producing the output.
Yeah, like for example,
if you'd like to sum
the elements of two collection two by two,
you can do that with one
line of coding with transform
and f would be std::plus.
And there's for_each,
and for_each, if we think
about what it does, the
for_each takes a begin,
an end, and some piece
of code, a function,
it could be a Lambda for
example, or a regular function,
and it applies that
function to every element.
What's interesting to note
is that it doesn't care
about what f returns,
so, for the purpose of for_each,
f might as well return void.
Now, what does a function
that returns void do?
Anyone, an idea?
- [Man] It makes side-effects.
- Yeah, exactly, side-effects.
For_each is made to perform side-effects.
Now, are side-effects a
good thing or a bad thing
is absolutely not the
purpose of that talk,
even thought I think that
some case are useful,
with side-effects, but for-each is made
for doing side-effects.
That could be side-effects
on the elements themselves,
modifying the elements of a collection,
or that could be side-effect
in the more general sense
of sending stuff to
the logger or whatever,
right, but the for_each
is made for side-effects.
Using for_each for making anything else
such as a partition or a find or whatever,
is not the right usage of for_each,
there are algorithms
that are more appropriate
than for_each, and if there's
no algorithm more appropriate
than for_each in the STL algorithms,
then the algorithms outside
of the STL algorithm,
we briefly talk about them in a minute.
Okay, so, we've been literally
all around the world.
We've started down there,
we've been in land of queries,
the glorious county of algorithm on sets,
movers, the value modifiers,
and the structure changers,
and even up there.
There's only one place
we haven't been yet,
the raw memory.
So we're gonna finish up with that one.
What does that mean,
algorithms in the raw memory?
Well, if you think back to fill
and copy and move, they
have one thing in common.
Does anyone see what they have in common?
It's that they use the
assignment operator.
For_each assigns a 42, I'm sorry.
Fill assigns a 42, copy assigns
with the copy assignment,
move assigns with the move assignment.
They all use an assignment.
Now, if we use an assignment operator,
it means that the object
has been constructed,
and hopefully that's true.
But, in some rarer cases,
we have objects that
are not constructed yet
if we have just the memory,
just chunks of memory
that we got from somewhere,
and we'd like to construct
instead of calling the
assignment operator,
we'd like to call constructor
on those chunks of memory.
For that, we use the
uninitialized counterpart,
uninitialized_fill,
uninitialized_copy, uninitialized_move,
and these use constructors, so this takes,
this is the constructor
that takes a value,
this is a copy constructor,
this is a move constructor.
So, in practice, you get a
chunk of memory from somewhere,
like shared memory or wherever,
and you'd like to fill it with values
but you can't call fill
because you can't call
the assignment operator because
there is just raw memory,
right, it hasn't been initialized yet.
So, we need to call the constructor.
This is what
uninitialized_fill does, right,
it takes the two pointers for
at the beginning and the end
and calls the value constructor,
leading to an initialization
of that chunk of memory.
Now, once we're done with it,
we want to call the destructor
of those guys because we've been in charge
of the constructor, we're
probably also in charge
of calling the destructor,
and that's what std::destroy does.
Kind of like, sounds familiar, right.
Destroy, but we don't really
use it on a day-to-day basis,
but that's what it does,
so, destroy will destroy the,
calls the destructor of all
the elements in that collection
and if we'd like to call the
other kinds of constructor,
such as default constructor
or value constructor,
what value initialization goes in it,
uninitialized_default_construct,
uninitialized_value_construct,
and we've unlocked our final
rune, the underscore n,
that changes a little the interface
like instead of taking a begin and an end,
it takes a begin and a size.
Let's take an example.
So, still using fill,
so fill takes a begin,
an end, value, put that
value all the way through,
fill_n takes a begin and a size, okay,
and a value and it fills
the first five elements
starting from begin, it
fills them with the 42s.
Now, what do you think this line of,
this third line of code does?
Imagine that collection is a vector,
an empty vector, for example.
What do you think is in
collection after executing
that third line of code?
Say that a little louder.
- [Man] Insert five elements equal to 42.
- Absolutely.
That would insert five
elements equal to 42,
right, because it would assign
through the back_inserter
operator, five times.
Right, this time we've been
around the world, everywhere.
You know everything in the
STL algorithms library.
Now what?
Well, for one thing, you
can use them in your codes
to make it more expressive, all right.
You can think about if you
want to write a for-loop,
think about if you could
use an algorithm instead
or if you could replace existing for-loops
that are like a bit of
a problem in your code,
by an STL algorithm to make
it smoother to work with,
and if you'd like a second pair of eyes,
I always like to read code,
so you can reach out to me
and show me your code,
then I can have a look
and think about which algorithm with you
we can put in your code,
I'd be more than happy to look at code.
If you'd like to see more algorithms,
there are some outside of the STL
and the library nextdoor is Boost.
There's those Boost.Algorithms,
which contains all the
algorithms are in the same spirit
as the algorithms of the STL.
Soon I will publish on Fluent
C++ a series of articles
going all through all these guys.
To go further, it's a
good thing to understand
in depth, the STL algorithms.
I think it's a good investment of our time
about their complexity,
about prerequisite,
post-requisite,
think about sorted
collections for example,
and see how they're implemented,
and that's often quite instructive.
And finally, if you use
them on a day-to-day basis,
you can get inspired.
You can have a better intuition
of what abstractions work well,
and that's fundamental
for writing good code
and that intuition, you can
use that in your own code.
And once you're familiar enough,
you can start thinking about
writing your own algorithms
so what sort of algorithm can we write?
Well, we can combine an
algorithm, an existing algorithm
with an existing rune to
create a new combination
like sort_copy doesn't exist, for example,
or we could add a city on the map.
If I were to add something,
I think I would add something
to the algorithm on sets, do
something like an algorithm
that would have three outputs,
those that are in A not in B, B not in A,
and both in A and B, all
in a single pass, I think.
I don't know.
If you think about things to add,
I'm happy to hear about that, too,
or start a new family.
If you'd like to get the
map, you can download it
on fluentcpp.com/getTheMap
and there you can also order the poster
that you can hang in
your homes and offices,
and for the people in the room,
if you'd like to acquire
a poster right now,
like this one, I've got
a bunch of them with me
so you can come and see me after the talk.
If you'd like to get in touch,
you can find me on Twitter, @JoBaccara
and if you're interested
in reading about the STL
or about expressive code in general,
then check out fluentcpp.com, Fluent C++
with a new post every
Tuesday and every Friday,
about expressive code in C++.
Thanks.
(audience applauding)
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Bulgarian:
Вероятно знаеш,
че ако свържеш
батерия с напрежение V
към резистор
със съпротивление R,
тогава ще получиш
определено количество ток
и можеш да определиш
колко ток протича тук,
като използваш
закона на Ом.
Спомни си, законът на Ом
ни казва,
че напрежението през резистора е
равно на тока през този резистор
по съпротивлението
на този резистор.
Това ти дава начин
да дефинираш съпротивлението.
Съпротивлението на резистора
е дефинирано
като количеството напрежение,
приложено през него,
разделено на количеството ток
през него.
Това е добре,
обичаме определенията,
понеже искаме да сме сигурни,
че знаем за какво говорим.
Това е дефиницията
на съпротивлението.
Помни, мерните му единици
са омове.
Но внимавай, недей да се объркваш
и да мислиш за това по начина,
по които някои хора
го правят.
Някои хора мислят:
"О, добре, ако искам по-голямо съпротивление,
просто ще увелича напрежението,
понеже това ще ми даде по-голямо число отгоре."
По-голямо съпротивление
не се получава по този начин.
Ако увеличиш напрежението,
ще увеличиш тока.
Ukrainian:
Ви вже знаєте, що якщо ви
приєднаєте батарейку з напругою V,
до резистору з опором R,
ви отримаєте деяку кількість струму,
і ви зможете визначити, скільки струму проходить тут,
використовуючи закон Ома.
І пам'ятайте, що закон Ома каже, що напруга
на резисторі дорівнює струму на тому резисторі,
помножити на опір цього резистору.
Це дає вам спосіб знаходження опору.
Опір резистору може бути визначеним
як кількість напруги, прикладеної до нього,
поділити на кількість струму на ньому.
І це добре, ми любимо визначення, бо ми хочемо
впевнитися, що ми знаємо прощо говоримо.
Це визначення опору.
Пам'ятайте, одиницями вимірювання є Оми.
Але будьте обережними, не втрапте у пастку, думаючи
про це тим шляхом, як думають деякі люди.
Деякі люди думають:" Добре, я хочу більший опір,"
"я просто збільшу напругу, і це дасть мені"
"більше число на горі."
Більший опір не працює таким чином.
Якщо ви збільшуєте напругу, ви будете
збільшувати струм.
Portuguese:
- [Voz ao fundo] Você
provavelmente sabe que se você
ligar uma bateria de tensão V,
a um resistor de resistência R,
então você vai ter uma certa
quantidade de corrente,
e você pode determinar a
quantidade da corrente
usando a lei de Ohm.
E lembre-se, a lei de Ohm
diz que a tensão
através de um resistor é igual a
corrente através do resistor
vezes a resistência desse resistor.
Então, isso praticamente dá-lhe
uma forma para definir a resistência.
A resistência do
resistor é definido como sendo
a quantidade de tensão aplicada através dele
dividida pela quantidade
de corrente através dele.
E isso é bom, nós gostamos de
definições, porque queremos
ter certeza de que sabemos
o que estamos falando.
Essa é a definição de resistência.
Lembre-se, tem como unidades ohms.
Mas cuidado, não caia
na armadilha de pensar
sobre isso da maneira que algumas pessoas fazem.
Algumas pessoas pensam, "Oh bem,
se eu quiser uma resistência maior,
"Eu só vou aumentar o
tensão, porque isso vai me dar
"um número maior na parte superior."
Mais resistência não funciona dessa maneira.
Se você aumentar a tensão, você vai
aumentar a corrente.
iw:
אתם וודאי יודעים,
שאם מחברים סוללה שהמתח שלה V,
לנגד שהתנגדותו R,
מקבלים כמות מסוימת של זרם,
וניתן לקבוע את כמות הזרם הזורמת
ע"י חוק אוהם.
חוק אוהם אומר שהמתח
על פני נגד, שווה לזרם דרך הנגד
כפול התנגדות הנגד.
זאת דרך יפה להגדרת ההתנגדות.
ההתנגדות של הנגד מוגדרת
ככמות המתח המופעלת על פניו,
חלקי כמות הזרם העובר דרכו.
אנו אוהבים הגדרות, כי ברצוננו
להיות בטוחים על מה אנו מדברים.
זאת ההגדרה של ההתנגדות.
יחידת ההתנגדות היא אוהם.
אבל, צריך להיזהר. אל תפלו בפח
בו נופלים אנשים מסוימים.
אנשים מסוימים חושבים, שאם רוצים התנגדות
גדולה יותר, יש להגדיל את המתח, כי זה
יתן מספר גדול יותר במונה.
זה לא עובד ככה.
אם מגדילים את המתח,
מקבלים יותר זרם.
Czech:
Nejspíš víte, že když připojíte baterii
s napětím V k rezistoru s odporem R,
dostanete určitý proud, jehož velikost
můžete určit pomocí Ohmova zákona.
Ohmův zákon říká,
že napětí na rezistoru je rovno proudu,
který rezistorem prochází,
násobenému odporem rezistoru.
To je víceméně způsob,
jak odpor definovat.
Odpor rezistoru je roven velikosti napětí
na něm děleno proudem, který jím protéká.
A to je dobře, máme rádi definice,
protože pak víme, o čem mluvíme.
Tohle je definice odporu.
Pamatujte si, že jeho jednotkou je ohm.
Ale pozor, nenechejte
se nachytat, jako někteří lidé.
Někteří lidé si řeknou,
"Potřebuju větší odpor,
"takže zvětším napětí a tím pádem
budu mít v čitateli větší číslo."
Jenže takhle zvyšování odporu nefunguje.
Pokud zvěšíte napětí,
zvětšíte i proud.
Thai:
คุณอาจรู้ว่าถ้าคุณ
ต่อแบตเตอรี่ที่มีโวลเตจ V
เข้ากับตัวต้านทานที่มีความต้านทาน R
คุณจะได้กระแสค่าหนึ่ง
และคุณหาได้ว่ากระแสไหลผ่านตรงนี้เท่าใด
โดยใช้กฎของโอห์ม
และนึกดู กฎของโอห์มบอกว่าโวลเตจ
คร่อมตัวต้านทานเท่ากับกระแส
ที่ผ่านตัวต้านทานนั้น
คูณความต้านทานของตัวต้านทานนั้น
นี่คือวิธีการนิยามความต้านทานอย่างหนึ่ง
ความต้านทานของตัวต้านทานนิยามว่าเป็น
ปริมาณโวลเตจคร่อมมัน
หารด้วยประมาณกระแสที่ไหลผ่าน
และมันดี เราชอบนิยามนี้ เพราะเราอยาก
แน่ใจว่าเรารู้สิ่งที่เราพูดถึง
นั่นคือนิยามของความต้านทาน
นึกดู มันมีหน่วยเป็นโอห์ม
แต่ระวังนะ อย่าตกหลุมพรางความคิด
อย่างที่บางคนเป็น
บางคนคิดว่า โอ้ โอเค ถ้าฉันอยาก
ได้ความต้านทานมากขึ้น
ฉันก็แค่เพิ่มโวลเตจ เพราะมันทำให้ฉัน
ได้เลขมากขึ้นตรงนี้
ความต้านทานมากขึ้นไม่ได้เป็นอย่างนั้น
ถ้าคุณเพิ่มความต่างศักย์ คุณจะ
เพิ่มกระแส
English:
- [Voiceover] You
probably know that if you
hook up a battery of voltage V,
to a resistor of resistance R,
then you'll get a certain
amount of current,
and you can determine how
much current flows here
by using Ohm's law.
And remember, Ohm's law
says that the voltage
across a resistor equals the
current through that resistor
times the resistance of that resistor.
So, this pretty much gives you
a way to define resistance.
The resistance of the
resistor is defined to be
the amount of voltage applied across it
divided by the amount
of current through it.
And this is good, we like
definitions, because we want
to be sure that we know
what we're talking about.
That's the definition of resistance.
Remember, it has units of ohms.
But be careful, don't fall
into the trap of thinking
about this the way some people do.
Some people think, "Oh okay,
if I want a bigger resistance,
"I'll just increase the
voltage, 'cause that'll give me
"a bigger number up top."
Bigger resistance doesn't work that way.
If you increase the voltage, you're gonna
increase the current.
Korean:
아마도 여러분은
전압이 V 인 배터리를
저항이 R 인 저항기에다가
연결시키면,
일정한 양의 전류가 흐른다는것을
알고 있을 것 입니다.
그리고 여러분은 이 전류의 양을
옴의 법칙을 사용함으로써
계산할수있습니다.
옴의 법칙에 의하면 저항기의 전압은
그 저항기에 흐르는 전류와
그 저항기의 저항의 곱과 같습니다.
따라서 이 법칙은 여러분들이 저항을 정의할수있게 해줍니다.
옴의 법칙에 의하면 저항기의 저항은
전압을 전류로 나누었을때의
값으로 정의됩니다.
이 정의가 유용한 이유는
우리가 무엇을 공부하고있는지
정확히 알수있게 해주기 때문입니다.
어쨋든 이것이 저항의 정의입니다.
저항의 단위는 옴 이라는것을 기억하세요.
여기서 주의해야 할 점이 있습니다.
몇몇 학생들은 이 실수를 저지르는데요
학생들은 "저항을 올릴려면
전압을 올리면 되겠지?" 라는
생각을 합니다.
왜냐면 전압이 분자에 들어가있기
때문이죠.
하지만 저항은 그런식으로 증가하지
않습니다.
만약 여러분들이 전압을 높인다면,
전류도 따라 늘것입니다.
Portuguese:
E essa relação vai ficar na mesma.
A resistência é uma constante.
E esta resistência, se você não
alterar a constituição do
material ou tamanho ou
dimensões deste resistor,
este número que é
a resistência será constante,
se é realmente um material
resistivo.
Assim, os materiais de resistivos mantém
uma resistência constante,
independentemente da tensão
ou corrente que você jogue neles.
Vai ser apenas constante.
Sim, se você jogar muita
corrente ou tensão,
irá queimá-lo.
Eu não sugiro que você faça isso.
Então, há um intervalo de operação
aqui, mas se você estiver
dentro desse intervalo, essa
resistência, este número,
esse número de ohms é uma constante.
Ele permanece o mesmo não importa
qual tensão ou corrente
você coloca.
Então, nós definimos a respeito de
tensão e corrente,
mas realmente não depende disso.
Se você realmente quer mudar
esta relação, este número
que aqui é chamado por
resistência, você precisa
mudar algo sobre
o próprio resistor.
Seu tamanho, do que é feito,
o seu comprimento, a sua forma.
Thai:
และอัตรานี้จะยังคงเดิม
ความต้านทานคงที่
และตัวต้านทานนี้ ถ้าคุณไม่เปลี่ยนวัสดุ
หรือขนาด หรือมิติของตัวต้านทานนี้
จำนวนนี้ซึ่งก็คือความต้านทานจะคงที่
ถ้ามันเป็นวัสดุแบบโอห์ม
วัสดุแบบโอห์ม (Ohmic materials) รักษา
ความต้านทานคงที่ ไม่ว่าโวลเตจ
หรือกระแสที่คุณใส่เป็นเท่าใด
มันจะคงที่
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ขนาดของมัน วัสดุที่ประกอบเป็นมัน
ความยาว รูปร่าง
Czech:
Tento poměr zůstane stejný.
Odpor je konstantní.
Pokud nezměníte materiál
nebo rozměry tohoto rezistoru,
bude mít hodnotu odporu konstantní,
pokud je to rezistor vyrobený
z odporového materiálu.
Odporové materiály
udržují konstantní odpor
nezávisle na napětí či proudu,
který jimi prochází.
Jejich odpor bude konstantní.
Pokud připojíte rezistor k příliš
vysokému proudu či napětí, spálí se.
To bych vám neradil.
Máme tu jisté rozmezí rozumných hodnot,
a pokud v něm zůstanete,
tato hodnota odporu, bude konstantní.
Zůstane stejné nezávisle
na napětí či proudu v obvodu.
Definovali jsme tedy odpor
pomocí napětí a proudu,
veličin, na kterých vlastně nezávisí.
Pokud skutečně chcete změnit tento poměr,
toto číslo, které tu vychází jako odpor,
musíte změnit fyzické
vlastnosti rezistoru.
Jeho velikost, materiál,
jeho délku či tvar.
Ukrainian:
І цей вираз залишиться таким же.
Опір - це стала величина.
А цей резистор, якщо ви не будете змінювати склад
матеріалу, або його розмір, або ж розміри цього резистору,
його опір буде сталим,
Якщо це справжній матеріал Ома.
Матеріали Ома підтримують
сталий опір, незалежно від того, яку напругу
або ж струм ви подаєте на нього.
Він просто буде сталим.
Так, якщо ви подасте туди багато струму, або напруги,
він просто згорить.
Я не радив би вам цього робити.
Тобто, існує робочий діапазон, і якщо ви
в цьому діапазоні, цей опір, це число,
число омів - постійне.
Воно залишається сталим, не залежно від напруги, або струму, який
проходить крізь нього.
Тобто, ми визначаємо це, говорячи про напругу й струм,
але опір навіть не залежить від них.
Якщо ви насправді хочете змінити це значення, це число, що
визначає опір, іи маєте
змінити дещо в самому резисторі.
Його розміри, те з чого він зроблений, його довжину й форму
iw:
המנה הזאת נשארת קבועה.
ההתנגדות היא קבועה.
עבור הנגד הזה, אם לא משנים את החומר
ממנו הוא עשוי, או את ממדיו של הנגד,
ההתנגדות היא קבועה,
אם מדובר בחומר אוהמי.
חומרים אוהמיים שומרים
על התנגדות קבועה, ללא תלות במתח
או בזרם.
זה פשוט קבוע.
אם מפעילים יותר מדי מתח, או מזרימים יותר
מדי זרם, הוא נשרף.
לא מציע לעשות זאת.
ישנו תחום פעולה מסוים, ובתוך
התחום הזה, ההתנגדות, המספר הזה,
מספר האוהמים הזה, קבוע.
הוא נשאר אותו דבר, ללא תלות במתח
או בזרם הזורם דרכו.
אנו מגדירים אותו באמצעות מתח וזרם,
אך בעצם הוא לא תלוי בהם.
אם רוצים לשנות את המנה הזאת, את המספר הזה,
שמתקבל כאן עבור ההתנגדות, צריך לשנות
משהו בנגד עצמו.
הגודל שלו, החומר ממנו הוא עשוי, הצורה שלו.
English:
And this ratio is gonna stay the same.
The resistance is a constant.
And this resistor, if you're
not changing the material
makeup or size or
dimensions of this resistor,
this number that is the
resistance is a constant,
if it's truly an Ohmic material.
So, Ohmic materials maintain
a constant resistance,
regardless of what voltage
or current you throw at them.
It'll just be constant.
Yeah, if you throw too
much current or voltage,
the thing'll burn up.
I don't suggest you do that.
So, there's an operating
range here, but if you're
within that range, this
resistance, this number,
this number of ohms is a constant.
It stays the same no matter
what voltage or current
you put through it.
So, we define it by talking
about voltage and current,
but it doesn't even really depend on that.
If you really want to change
this ratio, this number
that comes out here for
the resistance, you need to
change something about
the resistor itself.
Its size, what it's made out
of, its length, its shape.
Korean:
그리고 이 전압과 전류의 비율은
일정하게 유지됩니다.
왜냐면 저항은 상수이기 때문이죠.
이 저항기의 재질,
구성, 혹은 크기등을 바꾸지않는다면
이 저항의 값은 변하지 않습니다.
물론 저항기가 옴의 법칙을
따른다면 말이죠.
어쨋든 옴의법칙을 따르는 물질은
어떠한 양의 전압이나 전류가 흘러도
저항은 변하지 않습니다.
상수로 남아있게되죠.
하지만 전류나 저항을 너무나 높이는것은
추천하지 않습니다.
왜냐면 불이 날수도 있거든요.
옴의 법칙이 성립하는 범위가 존재
하기는 하지만
그 범위안에서라면 저항의 값은
상수가 됩니다.
그 범위안에서는 어떠한 전압이나 전류를 흘려보내어도
저항은 바뀌지 않습니다.
결과적으로 우리는 저항을 전압과 전류의 식으로 정의하였지만
실제로 저항은 전압과 전류의 영향을
받지않는것이지요.
여러분들이 이 비율,
이 저항의 값을 바꾸고싶다면
여러분들은
저항기의 성질을 바꿔야합니다.
예를들면 저항기의 재질, 길이,
또는 모양 말이죠.
Bulgarian:
И това отношение
ще остане същото.
Съпротивлението е постоянно.
И този резистор, ако не променяш
изработката на материала
или размера, или измеренията
на този резистор,
това число, което е съпротивлението,
е константа,
ако това наистина е
омов материал.
Омовите материали поддържат
постоянно съпротивление,
без значение от напрежението или тока,
които ще поставиш през тях.
Това просто
ще е постоянно.
Да, ако сложиш твърде много
ток или напрежение,
това нещо ще изгори.
Предлагам да не правиш това.
Има определен диапазон на работа,
но ако си в този диапазон,
това съпротивление,
това число,
този брой омове
е постоянен.
Остава същият, без значение
какво напрежение или ток поставиш през него.
Определяме го, като говорим
за напрежение и ток,
но то всъщност
не зависи от тях.
Ако искам да променя това
отношение, това число,
което е тук за съпротивлението,
трябва да промениш нещо
за самия резистор.
Размерът му, от какво е направен,
дължината му, формата му.
Ukrainian:
Тому давайте знайдемо, якщо ми візьмемо резистор.
Уявіть, що ми беремо резистор та йдемо до магазину.
Як він буде виглядати.
Для быльшої простоти, скажімо, що ми маємо
ідеально циліндричній резистор.
Ось це в нас дріт, що йде до одного кінця .
Це наш резистор.
Скажімо, це циліндр.
А цей дріт виходить з іншої сторони,
це така надута версія резистору.
Одною з речей, на які можна спиратися, це довжина.
Довжина резистору може впливати
на опір цього резистору.
Ще одним параметром є площа
поперечного перерізу ось тут.
Це називається площею поперечного перерізу, бо в
цьому напрямку йде струм.
Струм входить туди як в тунель,
і виходить він звідси.
Це все повне, не порожнє.
Це зроблене з якогось матеріалу.
Мабуть це метал, або ж якась сполука вуглецю,
або напівпровідник, але це твердий матеріал ось тут,
так що струм входить, а потім виходить.
То що ж станеться, якщо ми зробимо резистор довшим?
Скажімо, ми почнемо змінювати деякі з цих змінних,
Thai:
ลองหากันว่าเราทำได้อย่างไร
ถ้าเรานำตัวต้านทานนี้มา
นึกภาพเรานำตัวต้านทานนี้มา นำมันมาในช็อป
มันจะเป็นอย่างไร?
เพื่อให้ง่าย สมมุติว่าเรามี
ตัวต้านทานเป็นทรงกระบอกสมบูรณ์
นี่คือสายไปยังปลายหนึ่ง
นี่คือตัวต้านทานของคุณ
สมมุติว่ามันเป็นทรงกระบอก
และนี่คือสายออกจากอีกปลายหนึ่ง
นี่คือรูปขยายของตัวต้านทานนี้
ซึ่งหนึ่งที่ขึ้นอยู่คือ ความยาว
ความยาวของตัวต้านทานนี้ทีผล
ต่อความต้านทานของตัวต้านทาน
อีกอย่างที่ขึ้นอยู่ คือพื้นที่
ของหน้าตัดตรงนี้ พื้นที่หน้าตัดนี้
มันเรียกว่าพื้นที่หน้าตัด เพราะมัน
คือทิศที่กระแสไหล
กระแสนี้ไหลไปยังพื้นที่ตรงนี้ เหมือนอุโมงค์
และมันออกมาตรงนี้
อันนี้เต็มนะ ไม่ได้กลวง
มันประกอบด้วยวัสดุอย่างหนึ่ง
มันอาจเป็นโลหะ หรือสารประกอบคาร์บอน
หรือสารกึ่งตัวนำ แต่มันเป็นวัสดุตันตรงนี้
ที่กระแสไหลเข้าแล้วก็ไหลออก
แล้วเกิดอะไรขึ้นถ้าเราทำให้ตัวต้านทานนี้ยาวขึ้น?
Portuguese:
Então, vamos descobrir como fazer
se tomarmos este resistor.
Imagine tomar este resistor,
trazê-lo para dentro da loja.
Como que ele se parece?
Bem, pelo bem da simplicidade,
vamos dizer que só temos
um resistor perfeitamente cilíndrico.
Assim, este é o fio que entra numa extremidade.
Este é seu resistor.
É um cilindro, vamos dizer.
E este é o fio que vai
para fora da outra extremidade,
então esta é a versão
exposta deste resistor.
Uma coisa que você poderia
contar é o comprimento.
Assim, o comprimento deste
resistor pode afetar
a resistência do resistor.
Outra coisa que pode
contar é a área
desta parte da frente aqui,
esta área de secção transversal.
É chamada área de corte transversal,
porque essa é a
direção que a corrente flui.
A corrente flui pela área, como um túnel,
e sai por aqui.
Agora, isso está cheio,
isso não é oco.
Ele é constituído por um material.
Talvez seja um metal ou um
tipo de composto de carbono
ou um semicondutor, mas é
um material sólido aqui
que a corrente flui para dentro
e depois flui para fora.
Então, o que aconteceria se fizéssemos
este resistor mais longo?
Vamos dizer que nós mudamos
algumas dessas variáveis,
Korean:
그러면 지금부터 이 저항기를 어떻게
바꿀지 알아봅시다.
이 저항기를 회로에서 때어네
작업대에 올려놨다고 상상해보세요.
어떻게 생겼을까요?
일단 편의성을 위하여 이 저항기는
완벽한 원통모양이라고 합시다.
이쪽으로 들어가는 선이 하나있고
이게 저항기고
원통모양이라고 가정합시다.
그리고 이게 반대쪽으로 연결되는
선입니다.
이것이 이 저항기의 간략화된
그림입니다.
저항을 바꾸는 성질중 하나는
길이 입니다.
그러니까 이 저항기의 길이가
저항에 영향을 끼친다는거죠.
저항에 영향을 끼칠수있는 또다른
성질은 넓이 입니다.
이 저항기 앞부분의 단면적 말이죠.
이것이 단면적이라고 불리는이유는
이 방향으로 전류가 흐르기
때문입니다.
이 단면적이 터널처럼 전류가
이 방향에서 들어가
반대쪽에서 나오게 됩니다.
하지만 터널과 다르게 저항기는
어떤 물질로 꽉 차있습니다.
그 물질은 금속, 탄소 소재,
혹은 반도체 등등이 될수있지만,
저항기 자체는 안이 꽉차있습니다.
그리고 이 꽉찬 물질들 사이로
전류가 흐릅니다
그렇다면 만약 우리가 저항기의 길이를
늘린다면 무슨일이 일어날까요?
Bulgarian:
Нека разберем как да намерим това,
ако вземем този резистор.
Представи си, че взимаш този резистор
и го носиш в магазина.
Как ще изглежда това?
За да опростим нещата,
да кажем,
че просто имаме
перфектно цилиндричен резистор.
Това е жицата,
която влиза в един край.
Това е резисторът ти.
Да кажем, че е цилиндър.
И тази жица излиза
от другия край.
Това е увеличената версия
на този резистор.
Едно нещо, от което може да зависят нещата,
е дължината.
Дължината на този резистор
може да повлияе
на съпротивлението
на този резистор.
Друго нещо, от което може да зависи,
е площта на тази предна част тук,
тази пресечна част.
Наречена е напречната площ,
понеже това е посоката,
в която отива токът.
Този ток отива
в тази площ тук, все едно е тунел,
и излиза оттук.
Това е солидно,
не е кухо.
Изработено е
от някакъв материал.
Може би е метал или някакъв вид
въглеродна смес, или полупроводник,
но това тук е
някакъв твърд материал
и токът протича към него,
а после извън него.
Какво ще се случи,
ако удължим този резистор?
iw:
בואו נראה איך עושים זאת.
דמיינו שלוקחים את הנגד הזה ומביאים אותו
לחנות. איך הוא נראה?
כדי לפשט את העניינים, נגיד שיש לנו
נגד גלילי מושלם.
זה התיל שנכנס לקצה הזה.
זה הנגד שלנו.
נגיד שצורתו גלילית.
זה התיל שיוצא מהקצה השני.
זאת הגרסה המוגדלת של הנגד.
אחד הדברים שיכולים לקבוע, הוא האורך.
האורך של הנגד הזה יכול להשפיע
על ההתנגדות של הנגד.
דבר אחר שיכול לקבוע הוא השטח
של החזית הזאת, שטח החתך של הנגד.
קוראים לו שטח החתך, כי זה
הכיוון של הזרם.
הזרם זורם לכיוון השטח הזה, כמו מנהרה,
ויוצא מכאן.
זה אינו חלול, זה מלא חומר.
הנגד עשוי מחומר מסוים.
יכול להיות שזה מתכת, או תרכובת פחם,
או חצי מוליך, אך זה חומר מוצק כלשהו,
אליו הזרם נכנס יוצא ממנו.
מה קורה אם מאריכים את הנגד?
נגיד שמתחילים לשנות את המשתנים האלה,
Czech:
Pojďme si na tomto rezistoru ukázat,
jak na to.
Představte si, že vezmete tento
rezistor do obchodu.
Jak bude vypadat?
Pro představu a zjednodušení řekněme,
že máme rezistor válcového tvaru.
Tady je drát vedoucí k jednomu konci.
Toto je váš rezistor.
Je to válec.
A tady je drát, který z něj vychází.
Tohle je zvětšenina.
Jedna vlastnost, na které odpor
závisí, je délka.
Délka rezistoru ovlivňuje jeho odpor.
Další věc, na které odpor závisí,
je průřez této hlavní části.
Je to místo, do kterého vtéká proud,
jako do tunelu, a odtud zase vychází.
Tady je výplň,
není to duté.
Je to vytvořeno z nějakého materiálu.
Buď je to z kovu,
nebo uhlíkaté sloučeniny,
nebo z polovodiče,
ale určitě to je z pevné látky,
do které proud vtéká a zase vytéká ven.
Co by se stalo, kdybychom
tento rezistor prodloužili?
English:
So let's figure out how to do
that if we take this resistor.
Imagine taking this resistor,
bringing it into the shop.
What is it gonna look like?
Well, for simplicity's
sake, let's say we just have
a perfectly cylindrical resistor.
So, this is the wire going into one end.
This is your resistor.
It's a cylinder, let's say.
And this is the wire going
out of the other end,
so this is the blown up
version of this resistor.
One thing you could
depend on is the length.
So, the length of this
resistor could affect
the resistance of this resistor.
Another thing it could
depend on is the area
of this front part here,
this cross sectional area.
It's called the cross sectional
area, because that's the
direction that the current's heading into.
This current's heading into
that area there, like a tunnel,
and it comes out over here.
Now this is full, this isn't hollow.
This is made up of some material.
Maybe it's a metal or some
sort of carbon compound
or a semiconductor, but it's
a solid material right here
that the current flows
into and then flows out of.
So, what would happen if we
made this resistor longer?
iw:
ומגדילים את האורך של הנגד.
הזרם זורם עכשיו דרך נגד
יותר ארוך.
עליו לזרום דרך הנגד הזה, במסלול ארוך יותר.
נראה הגיוני שההתנגדות
שלו תגדל.
אם מגדילים את האורך של הנגד,
התנגדותו תגדל.
מה קורה עם שטח החתך?
נגיד שמגדילים את שטח החתך, מרחיבים אותו,
מגדילים את קוטר הגליל.
נראה הגיוני שעכשיו יש לזרם
יותר מרחב לזרום בו.
יש שטח יותר גדול, דרכו הזרם יכול לזרום.
הוא פחות מוגבל.
פירוש הדבר שההתנגדות תקטן.
ננסה להכניס זאת לנוסחה מתמטית.
אם אני מגדיל את האורך,
ההתנגדות R תלויה באורך.
מסתבר שהיא פרופורצינית ישירה לאורך.
אם מכפילים את אורך הנגד,
מקבלים התנגדות כפולה.
אם מגדילים את השטח,
מקבלים פחות התנגדות,
יש לזרם יותר מרחב לזרום בו.
בנוסחה הזאת, השטח
Bulgarian:
Да кажем, че започнем
да променяме някои от тези променливи
и увеличим дължината
на този резистор.
Сега този ток ще тече
през по-дълъг резистор.
Ще тече през този резистор
през по-голяма част от пътя си.
И за мен е логично да помисля,
че съпротивлението ще се увеличи.
Ако увелича дължината
на този резистор,
тогава съпротивлението
ще се увеличи.
А площта,
тази напречна площ?
Да кажем, че увелича тази площ,
правя я по-широка,
правя по-голям
диаметъра на този цилиндър.
За мен е логично да мисля,
че сега този ток има повече място,
през което да протече.
Има по-голяма площ,
през която токът може да тече.
Не е толкова ограничен.
Това означава, че съпротивлението
трябва да намалее.
И ако опитаме да поставим това
в математическа формула,
това означава,
че ако увелича дължината –
R трябва да зависи
от дължината,
оказва се, че е директно
пропорционално на дължината.
Ако удвоя
дължината на един резистор,
удвоявам съпротивлението.
Но ако увелича площта,
трябва да получа
по-малко съпротивление,
понеже има повече място,
през което токът да тече.
Korean:
일단 이 변수 L 의 값을 바꿈으로써
저항기의 길이를 늘려 봅시다.
이제 전류는 더 긴 저항기를 통해
흘러야합니다.
때문에 전류는 더 긴 구간동안
저항을 받아야되죠.
그렇다면 당연히 우리는 저항이
높아질것이라고 유추해볼수있습니다.
만약 제가 이 저항기의 길이를 늘린다면
저항도 따라 올라가는것이죠.
그러면 이 단면적은 저항에 어떻게
영향을 끼칠까요?
제가 이 단면적을 더 넓게
만든다고 가정합시다.
이제 지름이 더 긴 원통모양이 되죠
저는 당연히 이제 전류가
흐를공간이 더 많아졌다고
생각이 되네요.
왜냐하면 전보다 더 큰 면적을 통해
전류가 흐를수있기때문이죠.
길이 덜 막히는거죠.
이것은 저항이 내려간다는것을
의미합니다.
우리가 방금까지 알아낸것들을
공식으로 만들어봅시다.
우선적으로 저항기의 길이를 늘린다면,
저항 R 은 길이에 비례할것입니다.
실제로도 저항은 저항기의 길이에
정비례합니다.
만약 저항기의 길이를 두배로
늘린다면,
저항도 두배로 늘어날것입니다.
하지만 저항기의 단면적을 늘린다면,
저항은 줄어들것입니다.
왜냐면 전류가 흐를공간이 더
넓어지기 때문이죠.
English:
Let's say we start changing
some of these variables,
and we increase the
length of this resistor.
Well, now this current's gotta flow
through a longer resistor.
It's gotta flow through this
resistor for more of this path.
And it makes sense to me to
think that the resistance
is going to increase.
If I increase the length of this resistor,
then the resistance is gonna go up.
How about the area, this
cross sectional area?
Let's say I increase this
area, I make it a wider,
larger diameter cylinder.
Well, it makes sense to me to
think that now that current's
got more room to flow
through, essentially.
There's a bigger area through
which this current can flow.
It's not as restricted.
That means the resistance should go down.
And if we try to put this
in a mathematical formula.
What that means is, if
I increase the length,
R should depend on the length.
It turns out it's directly
proportional to the length.
If I double the length of a resistor,
I get twice the resistance.
But area, if I increase the area,
I should get less resistance.
'Cause there's more room to flow.
So, over here in this formula, my area has
Czech:
Řekněme, že začneme měnit
některé z těchto proměnných,
a rezistor prodloužíme.
Proud tak bude téct delším rezistorem.
Poteče rezistorem po delší dráze.
A přijde mi pochopitelné,
že se tím odpor zvětší.
Pokud tedy zvětším délku rezistoru,
zvýší se i jeho odpor.
A co tenhle průřez,
respektive obsah?
Řekněme, že když průřez zvětším,
dostanu širší válec.
Přijde mi pochopitelné, že tak bude proud
mít více prostoru pro svůj tok.
Je tu pro něj víc místa.
Není tak omezený.
Tím pádem by měl odpor klesat.
Pokusme se to zapsat do
matematického vzorce.
Když zvětším délku,
R by mělo záviset na délce.
Ukazuje se, že odpor je
přímo úměrně závislý na délce.
Pokud zdvojnásobím délku rezistoru,
dostanu dvojnásobný odpor.
Ale pokud zvětším obsah průřezu,
měl bych dostat menší odpor.
Proud tu má více místa.
Ukrainian:
і ми збільшуємо довжину резистору.
Тепер струму доведеться проходити
крізь довший резистор.
Він буде текти крізь цей резистор більше шляху.
І це має сенс для мене, щоб подумати про те, що опір
буде збільшуватися.
Якщо я збільшую довжину резистору,
опір також буде збільшуватися.
А що щодо поперечного перерізу?
Скажімо, я збільшую цю площу, я роблю циліндр
ширшим, з більшим діаметром.
Це дає нам змогу подумати про те, що тепер струм
матиме більше місця для того, щоб текти, по суті.
Тепер ми маємо більшу площу, крізь яку буде текти струм.
Вона не сильно обмежена.
Це означає, що опір буде падати.
І якщо ми захочемо підставити це в математичну формулу.
Це означає, що якщо я збільшую довжину,
R має залежати від довжини.
Виявляється, що це прямо пропорційно до довжини.
Якщо ми подвоємо довжину резистору,
має подовжитися й опір.
Але площа, якщо я збільшу площу,
я отримаю менший опір.
Бо тепер там більше місця для подорожування.
Тобто, тут в цій формулі, площа має
Thai:
สมมุติว่าเราเปลี่ยนตัวแปรเหล่านี้
และเราเพิ่มความยาวตัวต้านทาน
ทีนี้ กระแสนี้จะไหล
ผ่านตัวต้านทานที่ยาวขึ้น
มันจะไหลผ่านตัวต้านทานนี้เป็นเส้นทางยาวขึ้น
และผมก็ว่ามันสมเหตุสมผลที่ความต้านทาน
จะเพิ่มขึ้น
ถ้าผมเพิ่มความยาวของตัวต้านทานนี้
ความต้านทานจะเพิ่มขึ้น
แล้วพื้นที่ พื้นที่หน้าตัดนี้ล่ะ?
สมมุติว่าผมเพิ่มพื้นที่นี้ ผมทำให้มันกว้างขึ้น
ทรงกระบอกเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางมากขึ้น
ผมก็คิดได้ว่า ตอนนี้กระแส
มีที่พื้นที่ให้ไหลมากขึ้น
มันมีพื้นที่กว้างขึ้นให้กระแสไหลผ่านได้
มันไม่ถูกจำกัด
นั่นหมายความว่าความต้านทานควรลดลง
และถ้าเราใส่มันในสูตรทางคณิตศาสตร์
นั่นหมายความว่า ถ้าผมเพิ่มความยาว
R ควรขึ้นอยู่กับความยาว
ปรากฏว่ามันเป็นแปรผันตรงกับความยาว
ถ้าผมเพิ่มความยาวตัวต้านทานเป็นสองเท่า
ผมจะได้ความต้านทานเป็นสองเท่า
แต่พื้นที่ ถ้าผมเพิ่มพื้นที่
ผมควรได้ความต้านทานน้อยลง
เพราะมันมีที่ให้ไหลมากขึ้น
ตรงนี้ในสูตรนี้ พื้นที่ของผม
Portuguese:
e nós aumentamos o
comprimento deste resistor.
Bem, agora a corrente fluirá
através de uma resistência mais longa.
Irá atravessar o resistor
por esse caminho.
E faz sentido para mim
pensar que a resistência
vai aumentar.
Se eu aumentar o comprimento deste resistor,
em seguida, a resistência vai subir.
E sobre a área, esta
área de secção transversa?
Digamos que eu aumente esta
área, ampliando-a,
aumentando o diâmetro do cilindro.
Bem, faz sentido para mim
achar que agora a corrente
tem mais espaço para o flui,
essencialmente.
A área agora é maior para a
corrente poder fluir
Não é mais restrita.
Isso significa que a resistência deve diminuir.
E se tentarmos colocar isso
em uma fórmula matemática.
Isto significa que, se eu
aumentar o comprimento,
R deve depender do comprimento.
Acontece que é diretamente
proporcional ao comprimento.
Se eu dobrar o comprimento
do resistor,
Eu dobro da resistência.
Mas área, se eu aumentar a área,
Eu deveria ter menos resistência.
Porque há mais espaço para fluir.
Então, aqui nesta fórmula,
minha área tem
Bulgarian:
Тук в тази формула
площта трябва да отиде отдолу.
Съпротивлението на резистора
е обратнопропорционално
на тази напречна площ.
Но има още едно нещо,
от което може да зависи съпротивлението,
и това е материалът,
от който е направен резисторът.
Геометрията определя
съпротивлението,
както и материала,
от който е направен резисторът.
Някои материали
естествено предлагат
повече съпротивление,
от други.
Металите предлагат
много ниско съпротивление,
а неметалите обикновено
предлагат повече съпротивление.
Трябва ни начин да
изразим количествено
колко съпротивление предлага един материал
и това се нарича специфично съпротивление.
И се представя с
гръцката буква 'ро.
И колкото по-голямо е
специфичното съпротивление на един материал,
толкова повече той
естествено се съпротивлява
на потока електричество,
протичащ през него.
За да ти дам представа
за числата –
специфичното съпротивление на медта,
това е метал,
то ще е малко –
ще е 1,68 по 10^(-8).
Ще говорим повече за
мерните единици след малко.
Но специфичното съпротивление на
нещо като гума, един изолатор, е голямо.
Може да е някъде 10^13.
Има голям диапазон
възможни стойности,
English:
go to go on the bottom.
The resistance of the resistor
is inversely proportional
to this cross sectional area.
But there's one more
quantity that this resistance
could depend on, and
that's what the material is
actually made of.
So, the geometry determines the resistance
as well as what the material is made of.
Some materials just naturally offer more
resistance than others.
Metals offer very little resistance,
and non-metals typically
offer more resistance.
So, we need a way to quantify
the natural resistance
a material offers, and that's
called the resistivity.
And it's represented with
the greek letter rho.
And the bigger the
resistivity of a material,
the more it naturally resists the flow
of current through it.
To give you an idea of the numbers here,
the resistivity of copper.
Well, that's a metal,
it's going to be small.
It's 1.68 times
10 to the negative eighth.
We'll talk more about
the units in a second.
But the resistivity of
something like rubber,
an insulator, is huge.
It can be on the order of 10 to the 13th.
So, there's a huge
range of possible values
Portuguese:
ir para a parte inferior.
A resistência do resistor
é inversamente proporcional
a esta área de secção transversal.
Há mais uma quantidade
que esta resistência
depende, e é o tipo
de material de que
é realmente feita.
Assim, a geometria determina a resistência
bem como o material de que é feito.
Alguns materiais oferecem
mais resistência que outros.
Metais oferecem muito pouca resistência,
e não-metais oferecem
mais resistência.
Então, precisamos quantificar
a resistência natural
que um material oferece, e isso é
chamado de resistividade.
E isso é representado pela
letra grega "rho".
E quanto maior a
resistividade de um material,
mais ele resiste naturalmente o fluxo
de corrente por ele.
Para dar uma idéia dos números aqui,
a resistividade do cobre.
Bem, isso é um metal,
ele vai ser pequeno.
É 1.68 vezes
10 elevado a menos oito.
Falaremos mais sobre
as unidades em um segundo.
Mas a resistividade de
algo como borracha,
um isolante, é enorme.
Ele pode ser da ordem de 10 elevado a 13.
Então, há uma enorme
gama de valores possíveis
Czech:
V tomto vzorci tedy musí
obsah být ve jmenovateli.
Odpor rezistoru je nepřímo úměrný
velikosti obsahu průřezu.
Ale je tu ještě jedna veličina,
na které může odpor záviset,
a to je přímo materiál,
ze kterého je rezistor vyroben.
Odpor rezistoru tedy určují jeho rozměry
a také materiál, z něhož je vyroben.
Některé materiály mají
přirozeně větší odpor než jiné.
Kovy mívají nízký elektrický odpor,
nekovy jej mívají zpravidla vyšší.
Potřebujeme způsob, jak
přirozený odpor materiálu vyjádřit číslem,
a tomu číslu říkáme rezistivita.
Označuje se řeckým písmenem ró.
Čím větší je rezistivita materiálu,
tím větší odpor klade elektrickému proudu.
Abyste měli představu o hodnotách,
jaká je rezistivita mědi?
Je to kov, takže bude nízká.
Je to 1,68 krát 10 na -8.
Jednotky probereme za chvilku.
Rezistivita izolantu,
například gumy, je obrovská.
Může to být řádově 10 na 10 až 10 na 13.
Je tu obrovské rozpětí hodnot.
Ukrainian:
йти на дно.
Опір резистору обернено пропорційний до
площі поперечного перерізу.
Але є ще параметр, від якого опір
може залежати, і це те, з якого матеріалу
він насправді зроблений.
Тобто, геометрія визначає опір
так само, з якого матеріалу все зроблено
Деякі матерали природньо мають більший
опір ніж інші.
Метали мають дуже низікий опір,
а не матеріали, типово мають більший опір.
Ми маємо кількісно визначити природний опір,
який має матеріал, і це називається питомий опір.
І він визначається грецькою літерою Ро.
І чим більший питомий опір матеріалу,
тим більше він протидіє проходженню
струму крізь нього.
Щоб дати вам уявлення про цифри,
візьмемо питомий опір міді.
Це метал, тому він буде малим.
Це 1.68 помножити
на 10 в мінус восьмому ступені.
Ми поговоримо про одиниці вимірювання через секунду.
Але питомий опір дечого, наприклад, гуми,
діелектрика, дуже великий.
Він може сягати 10 в 13 степені.
Тобто, існує великий вибір можливих варіатів,
Korean:
때문에 이 공식에서 넓이는
분모로 들어가게 됩니다.
저항기의 저항은 저항기의 단면적에
반비례하죠.
하지만 이 공식에서 저항에게 영향을
끼칠수있는 성질이 하나 더 있습니다.
그건 바로 저항기의 재질입니다.
따라서 저항기의 모양 그리고 저항기의
재질이
저항기의 저항을 결정합니다.
특정한 재질들은 다른 재질들보다
저항이 더 높죠.
일반적으로 금속은 저항이 굉장히 적고
금속이 아닌 물질들은 저항이 더
높습니다.
우리들은 이 재질들이 가지고있는 저항을
수치화 시켜야됬고,
이 수치들을 우리는 비저항이라고
부르기로 약속했습니다.
이 비저항은 그리스 문자 ρ 로
표기됩니다.
그리고 이 비저항이 높을수록
전류가 흐르는것을 방해하게됩니다.
이 수가 무엇을 의미하는지
알기위해 예시를 들자면
구리의 비저항은
금속이기 때문에 낮을것입니다.
1.68 곱하기 10의 -8승 입니다.
이 수의 단위에 대해서는 조금뒤에
설면하겠습니다.
반면에 고무같은 부도체의
비저항은
굉장히 높습니다.
10 의 13승 만큼 높을수 있죠.
보다시피 비저항이 가질수있는 값의
범위는
Thai:
ต้องอยู่ข้างล่าง
ความต้านทานของตัวต้านทานนั้นแปรผกผัน
กับพื้นที่หน้าตัดนี้
แต่มันมีประมาณอีกอย่างที่เกี่ยวข้อง
กับความต้านทาน และนั่นคือวัสดุ
ที่ใช้ประกอบมันขึ้นมา
เรขาคณิตกำหนดค่าความต้านทาน
เช่นเดียวกันกับวัสดุที่ใช้
วัสดุบางอย่างให้ค่าความ
ต้านทานมากกว่าอย่างอื่น
โลหะมักให้ความต้านทานน้อยมาก
และอโลหะมักให้ความต้านทานมากกว่า
เราจึงต้องการวิธีบอกปริมาณ
ความต้านทานธรรมชาติ
ที่วัสดุให้ และมันเรียกว่า
สภาพต้านทาน (resistivity)
และมันแทนด้วยตัวอักษรกรีก โร
และยิ่งสภาพต้านทานของวัสดุมากขึ้นเท่าใด
มันยิ่งต้านทานไหล
ของกระแสโดยธรรมชาติ
เพื่อให้คุณเข้าใจไอเดียสำหรับค่านี้
สภาพต้านทานของทองแดง
มันคือโลหะ มันจะน้อย
มันคือ 1.68 คูณ
10 กำลังลบ 8
เราจะพูดถึงหน่วยเร็วๆ นี้
แต่สภาพต้านทานของวัสดุอย่างยาง
เป็นฉนวน นั้นมีค่ามาก
มันมากได้ถึง 10 กำลัง 13
มีค่าที่เป็นไปได้กว้างมาก
iw:
צריך להיות במכנה.
התנגדות הנגד, פרופורציונית הפוכה
לשטח החתך.
ההתנגדות תלויה במשתנה נוסף,
וזה החומר ממנו
הנגד עשוי.
גם הצורה הגיאומטרית וגם החומר
ממנו הוא עשוי, קובעים את ההתנגדות.
חומרים מסוימים הם פשוט
בעלי התנגדות יותר גדולה מאחרים.
למתכות יש התנגדות מאד קטנה,
וללא-מתכות יש, בד"כ, התנגדות יותר גדולה.
אנו זקוקים לדרך לכמת את ההתנגדות הטבעית
של החומר, והיא נקראת התנגדות סגולית.
מסמנים אותה באות היוונית רו.
ככל שההתנגדות הסגולית של החומר גדולה יותר,
החומר מתנגד יותר לזרימה
של זרם דרכו.
כדאי שיהיה לנו מושג במספרים.
ההתנגדות הסגולית של
נחושת, שהיא מתכת, קטנה.
היא שווה ל- 1.68 כפול
10 בחזקת מינוס 8.
נדבר על היחידות בהמשך.
ההתנגדות הסגולית של גומי,
שהוא מבודד, היא ענקית.
היא בסדר גודל של 10 בחזקת 13.
ישנו תחום רחב של ערכים אפשריים,
iw:
כשעוברים ממתכת מוליכה ועד למבודד, דרך
חצי מוליך. תחום רחב של התנגדויות סגוליות.
זה הגורם האחרון כאן.
זה המרכיב האחרון של הנוסחה.
ההתנגדות הסגולית היא כאן.
ככל שההנגדות הסגולית גדולה יותר, ההתנגדות
גדלה. נשמע הגיוני.
ההתנגדות גם תלויה בגורמים
הגיאומטריים האלה, אורך ושטח.
זאת הנוסחה הקובעת מה הם הגורמים
המשנים את ההתנגדות של נגד.
ההתנגדות הסגולית, האורך והשטח.
מהן היחידות של ההתנגדות הסגולית?
ניתן לסדר את הנוסחה הזאת מחדש, ומקבלים
שההתנגדות הסגולית שווה
להתנגדות כפול השטח
של הנגד, חלקי האורך.
זה נותן יחידות של
אוהם כפול מטר בריבוע,
כי זה שטח, חלקי מטר.
מקבלים אוהם,
אחד המטרים האלה מצטמצם,
אוהם כפול מטר.
אלה היחידות של ההתנגדות הסגולית.
אוהם כפול מטר.
איך זוכרים את הנוסחה הזאת?
זה קצת מסובך.
האם השטח במונה, או במכנה?
English:
as you go from metal
conductor to semiconductor
to insulator, huge range
of possible resistivities.
And this is the last key here.
This is the last element in this equation.
The resistivity goes right here.
So, the bigger the resistivity,
the bigger the resistance.
That makes sense.
And then it also depends
on these geometrical
factors of length and area.
So, here's a formula to
determine what factors actually
change the resistance of a resistor.
The resistivity, the length, and the area.
So, what are the units of resistivity?
Well, I can rearrange this
formula, and I can get
that the resistivity equals
the resistance times the area
of the resistor divided by the length.
And so that gives me units of
ohms times meters squared,
'cause that's area, divided by meters.
And so I end up getting ohms.
One of these meters cancels out.
Ohms times meters.
Those are the units of
these resistivities.
Ohm meters.
But how do you remember this formula?
It's kind of complicated.
I mean, is area on top,
is length on bottom?
Czech:
Od kovových vodičů přes polovodiče
k izolantům najdete velký rozsah hodnot.
To je tedy poslední prvek rovnice.
Rezistivitu dosazujeme přímo sem.
Čím větší rezistivita,
tím větší odpor.
To dává smysl.
Odpor závisí také na geometrických
vlastnostech, na délce a průřezu.
Takže tento vzorec shrnuje parametry,
které skutečně ovlivňují odpor rezistoru.
Rezistivita, délka a průřez.
Jaké jsou tedy jednotky rezistivity?
Můžeme přeuspořádat tento vzorec do tvaru
rezistivita rovná se odpor
krát průřez lomeno délka rezistoru.
To mi dá jednotku ohm krát metr na druhou,
protože průřez je plocha, lomeno metr,
Takže dostanu ohmy…
Tyto metry se vykrátí.
Ohmy na metr.
Toto je jednotka rezistivity.
Ohm metry.
Jak si tento vzorec zapamatovat?
Je to trochu složité.
Je obsah v čitateli?
Je délka ve jmenovateli?
Thai:
เมื่อคุณไปจากตัวนำโลหะ ถึงสารกึ่งตัวนำ
ถึงฉนวน สภาพต้านทานเป็นไปได้หลายค่ามาก
และนี่คือประเด็นสุดท้าย
นี่คือส่วนสุดท้ายในสมการนี้
สภาพต้านทานไปอยู่ตรงนี้
ยิ่งสภาพต้านทานมาก ความต้านทานก็ยิ่งมาก
มันสมเหตุสมผล
แล้วมันยังขึ้นกับปัจจัย
ทางเรขาคณิตเช่นความยาวและพื้นที่
ตรงนี้คือสูตรเพื่อหาปัจจัย
ที่เปลี่ยนความต้านทานของตัวต้านทาน
สภาพต้านทาน ความยาว และพื้นที่
หน่วยของสภาพต้านทานคืออะไร?
ผมเรียงสูตรนี้ใหม่ได้ และผมได้
สภาพต้านทาน เท่ากับ
ความต้านทานคูณพื้นที่
ของตัวต้านทานหารด้วยความยาว
และมันให้หน่วยเป็น
โอห์มคูณเมตรกำลังสอง
เพราะนั่นคือพื้นที่ หารด้วยเมตร
แล้วผมได้ โอห์ม
เมตรตัวหนึ่งตัดไป
โอห์มคูณเมตร
นั่นคือหน่วยของสภาพต้านทานพวกนี้
โอห์มเมตร
คุณจำสูตรนี้ได้อย่างไร?
มันค่อนข้างซับซ้อน
ผมหมายถึง่วา พื้นที่อยู่ข้างบนหรือเปล่า
ความยาวอยู่ข้างล่างหรือเปล่า?
Ukrainian:
від металевих провідників, до полупровідників
й діелктриків, величезний вибір можливих опорів.
І це останній компонент тут.
Це останній елемент в цьому рівнянні.
Питомий опір йде ось тут.
Тобто, чим більший питомий опір, тим більший і сам опір.
Це має сенс.
І це також залежить від цих геометричних
факторів довжини й площі.
Ось ми маємо формулу для знаходження факторів, які насправді
змінюють опір резистору.
Питомий опір, довжина й площа.
А які ж одиниці вимірювання питомого опору?
Я можу переробити цю формулу й отримаю,
що питомий опір дорівнює
опору, помноженому на площу
перерізу резистору поділити на довжину.
І це дає мені одиниці
Оми поможити на метри в квадраті,
бо це площа, і подилити на метри.
І ми отримуємо Оми.
Один з цих метрів викреслюється.
Оми на метри.
Це одиниці вимірювання питомого опору.
Ом метри.
Але як запам'ятати цю формулу?
Це дещо складно.
Я маю на увазі, площа знизу, довжина зверху?
Korean:
금속 도체, 반도체, 혹은 부도체이냐에
따라
굉장히 넓습니다.
그리고 이 비저항이
이 공식에 마지막으로 중요한
요소입니다.
비저항은 이 자리에 들어가죠.
때문에 비저항이 높아질수록
저항도 같이 커집니다.
말이 되네요.
그리고 저항은 넓이나 길이같은
규격에 영향을 받죠.
어찌됬든 이 공식이 저항기의 저항을
바꿀수있는 요소들을
나타낸 공식입니다.
비저항, 길이, 그리고 단면적 이요.
자 그렇다면 비저항의 단위는
무엇일까요?
이 공식을 재배열한다면 우리는
비저항이
저항 곱하기 저항기의 단면적을
길이로 나눈값이라는것을
알수있습니다.
그리고 이 값의 단위는
옴 곱하기 미터제곱을
길이의 단위인 미터로 나누기때문에
옴 곱하기
남은 미터 하나 즉,
옴 곱하기 미터가 됩니다.
이것이 비저항을 나타내는 단위입니다
Ω * m
하지만 이 공식을 기억할 방법이 있을까요?
왜냐면 학생들은 넓이가 분자인지
길이가 분모인지 헷갈려하기
때문입니다.
Portuguese:
de metais condutores
a semicondutores
até isolante, uma faixa enorme
de valores de resistividade.
E esta é a última chave aqui.
Este é o último elemento nesta equação.
A resistividade entra bem aqui.
Assim, quanto maior a resistividade,
maior a resistência.
Isso faz sentido.
E isso também depende
das medidas
de comprimento e área.
Então, esta é a fórmula que
define os fatores que
alteram a resistência de um resistor.
A resistividade, o comprimento, e a área.
Então, quais são as unidades
de resistividade?
Bem, reorganizando esta
fórmula, eu chego em
que a resistividade é igual
a resistência vezes a área
do resistor dividido pelo comprimento.
E isso me dá a unidade de
ohms vezes metros quadrados,
porque é isso área, dividido por metros.
E assim chego em ohms.
Um desses metros cancela.
Ohms vezes metros.
Essas são as unidades de
resistividade.
Ohm metros.
Mas como lembrar dessa fórmula?
Parece complicado.
É área na parte superior,
e comprimento na parte inferior?
Bulgarian:
докато преминаваш от метален проводник
до полупроводник, до изолатор,
голям диапазон
възможни специфични съпротивления.
И това е последната
ключова идея тук.
Това е последният елемент
на това уравнение.
Специфичното съпротивление
идва ето тук.
Колкото по-голямо е специфичното съпротивление,
толкова по-голямо е съпротивлението.
Това е логично.
И също зависи от геометричните фактори
дължина и площ.
Ето я формулата за определяне
на това кои фактори
променят съпротивлението
на един резистор.
Специфично съпротивление,
дължина и площ.
Какви са мерните единици
на специфичното съпротивление?
Мога да пренаредя
тази формула
и ще получа,
че специфичното съпротивление
е равно на съпротивлението
по площта на резистора,
делено на дължината.
И това ми дава
мерни единици от
ома по
метри на квадрат,
понеже това е площта,
делена на метрите.
И получавам омове...
Един от тези метри
се съкращава.
Ома по метри.
Това са мерните единици
на тези специфични съпротивления.
Ом метри.
Но как помниш
тази формула?
Тя е малко сложна.
Имам предвид, площта отгоре ли е,
дължината отдолу ли е?
Bulgarian:
Надявам се, че можеш да запомниш
защо тези фактори засягат това.
Но понякога на учениците им е трудно
да запомнят тази формула.
Един от предишните ми ученици
отпреди няколко години
откри начин
да запомни това.
Той помисли,
че това изглежда като "Replay".
Това R си е "R",
знакът за равно донякъде
изглежда като "Е",
а 'ро' донякъде
изглежда като "Р".
L изглежда като "L",
А изглежда като "А".
И това донякъде
изглежда като "Replay".
Има липсващо Y,
но всеки път като помисля за тази формула,
мисля за нея като за
"формулата Replay",
понеже бившият ми ученик Майк
откри тази мнемоника.
И тя е удобна, харесва ми,
благодаря ти, Майк.
И след като говорим за
специфично съпротивление,
логично е да говорим
за проводимост.
Електропроводимост.
Специфичното съпротивление
ти дава представа
колко нещо
естествено се съпротивлява на тока.
А проводимостта ти казва
колко нещо
естествено позволява
протичането на електричество.
Те са обратнопропорционални.
Ако си мислиш, че това
може да е лесно, то наистина е.
Специфичното съпротивление
е просто равно на
Portuguese:
Esperamos que possa lembrar
os fatores que afetam.
Mas às vezes os alunos têm dificuldade
em lembrar esta fórmula.
Um dos meus alunos anteriores
de alguns anos
descobriu um meio de lembrar.
Ele pensou que isso parecia "Replay".
Então, esse R é R,
e o sinal de igual parece um E.
E o rho parece um P.
E o L parece com um L,
e A parece com um A.
E tudo meio que se parece com "Replay".
Falta um Y, mas pensando
desse jeito, a fórmula meio que
parece com "Replay".
Porque meu ex-aluno Mike
descobri este mnemônico.
E é útil, eu gostei, por isso,
obrigado, Mike.
E já que estamos falando de resistividade,
faz sentido para nós
falar sobre condutividade.
Condutividade elétrica.
A resistividade te dá
uma idéia de quanto
algo resiste naturalmente à corrente.
E a condutividade diz
o quanto algo
naturalmente permite a corrente.
São inversamente proporcionais.
E se você está pensando que
pode ser tão fácil, de fato é.
A resistividade é apenas igual a
Czech:
Snad si pamatujete,
jak který z parametrů odpor ovlivnil.
Ale někteří studenti si tento vzorec
stejně nemohou zapamatovat.
Jeden z mých bývalých studentů
z před pár lety vymyslel pomůcku.
Řekl, že vypadá jako slovo "REPLAY."
Tohle R je R a rovnítko
vypadá trochu jako E.
Ró vypadá trochu jako P.
L je L a A je A.
Vypadá to trochu jako REPLAY.
Chybí tu Y, ale kdykoli se nad
tímto vzorcem zamyslím,
říkám mu REPLAY vzorec.
Tuhle pomůcku vymyslel
můj bývalý student Mike.
Je to užitečný, díky, Miku.
A když už mluvíme o rezistivitě,
měli bychom si říct o konduktivitě.
Měrná elektrická vodivost.
Rezistivita nám dává představu
o schopnosti materiálu proudu odporovat.
Konduktivita charakterizuje jeho
schopnost elektrický proud vést.
Tyto veličiny jsou svými
převrácenými hodnotami.
A pokud si myslíte,
že to jednoduché - ano, je.
Thai:
หวังว่าคุณจะจำได้ว่าทำไม
ปัจจัยเหล่านี้ถึงมีผล
แต่บางครั้งนักเรียนจำ
สูตรนี้ไม่ได้
นักเรียนผมคนหนึ่งเมื่อหลายปีก่อน
หาวิธีจำได้
เขาคิดว่ามันเหมือนกับคำว่า Replay
R นี้เหมือน R
และเครื่องหมายเท่ากับเหมือนกับ E
ตัวโรเมื่อกับตัว P
และ L ดูเหมือน L และ A ดูเหมือน A
มันจึงดูเหมือนคำว่า Replay
มันขาด Y ไป แต่ทุกครั้งที่ผมคิดถึง
สูตรนี้ ผมจะคิดถึงมันว่าสูตร Replay
เพราะนักเรียนเก่าผมชื่อไมค์หาคำช่วยจำนี้ได้
มันใช้ง่าย ผมชอบนะ ขอบใจนะไมค์
และเนื่องจากเราพูดถึงสภาพต้านทาน
มันก็เหมาะสมที่เราจะพูดถึง
สภาพนำไฟฟ้า (conductivity)
สภาพนำไฟฟ้า
ตอนนี้ สภาพต้านทานบอกคุณว่า
วัสดุต้านกระแสโดยธรรมชาติเท่าใด
และสภาพนำไฟฟ้าบอกคุณว่าวัสดุ
ยอมให้กระแสผ่านโดยธรรมชาติเท่าใด
พวกมันแปรผกผันกัน
และถ้าคุณคิดดู มันอาจดูง่าย และมันก็ง่ายจริง
สภาพต้านทานเท่ากับ
English:
Hopefully you can remember why those
factors affected it.
But sometimes students have a hard time
remembering this formula.
One of my previous students
from a few years ago
figured out a way to remember it.
He thought this looked like "Replay".
So, this R is like R,
and the equal sign kind
of looks like an E.
And the rho kinda looks like a P.
And the L looks like an L,
and the A looks like an A.
And it kinda looks like "Replay".
There's a missing Y here,
but every time I think
of this formula, I think of
it as the "Replay formula".
'Cause my former student Mike
figured out this mnemonic.
And it's handy, I like
it, so thank you, Mike.
And since we're talking about resistivity,
it makes sense for us to
talk about conductivity.
Electrical conductivity.
Now the resistivity gives
you an idea of how much
something naturally resists current.
And the conductivity tells
you how much something
naturally allows current.
So, they're inversely proportional.
And if you're thinking it
might be this easy, it is.
The resistivity is just equal to
iw:
קיימת אפשרות לזכור איך
הגורמים האלה משפיעים.
אך לפעמים מאד קשה
לזכור את הנוסחה.
אחד התלמידים שלי, לפני מספר שנים,
הציע דרך לזכור את הנוסחה.
הוא טען שזה נראה כמו REPLAY.
זה R,
הסימן שווה נראה כמו E,
הרו נראה כמו P,
L זה L, ו- A זה A.
זה נראה כמו REPLAY.
חסרה פה ה- Y, אך כל פעם שאני חושב
על הנוסחה הזאת, אני חושב על נוסחת REPLAY.
התלמיד שלי לשעבר ניסח את זה כעזר לזיכרון.
תודה רבה לך, מייק.
אם כבר מדברים על התנגדות סגולית,
הגיוני שנדבר גם על מוליכות.
מוליכות חשמלית.
ההתנגדות הסגולית נותנת מושג, עד כמה
משהו מתנגד טבעית לזרם.
המוליכות אומרת לנו, עד כמה משהו
מאפשר טבעית זרם.
הן פרופורציוניות הפוכות.
זה דבר קל.
ההתנגדות הסגולית שווה
Ukrainian:
На щастя, ви можете запам'ятати, чому ці
фактори так розташовані.
Але інколи студенти дуже довго
не можуть запам'ятати цю формулу.
Один з моїх студентів, пару років назад,
знайшов спосіб її запам'ятати.
Це схоже на слово "Replay".
R - це R,
знак "дорівнює" схожий на Е.
Далі, Ро здається схожою з Р.
L виглядає як L,
А виглядає як A.
І все слово виглядає як "Replay".
В нас немає Y тут, але весь час коли я думаю
про цю формулу, я думаю про неї як про "Replay - формулу".
Цю назву придумав мій студент Майк.
І це зручно, дякую, Майк.
Korean:
여러분들이 이 성질들이 왜
저항에 영향을 끼쳤는지
기억할수있으면 좋겠지만
몇몇 학생들은 이 공식을 암기하는데
어려움을 겪습니다.
제가 예전에 가진 학생들중 한명은
이 공식을 이렇게 암기하였습니다.
그 학생은 이공식이 "REPLAY"
라는 단어처럼 생각했습니다.
여기있는 R 이 R 이고
여기있는 등호가 (=)
E 모양처럼 생겼고
비저항 ρ 이 P처럼 생겼고
그리고 L 은 L 이고
A 는 A 입니다.
REPLAY 모양과 닮았죠.
비록 Y 가 없긴하지만, 저는
이 공식을 볼때마다
"REPLAY 공식" 이라고 생각합니다.
이 편리한 암기법을 찾아낸 저의
학생 Mike 에게 감사를 표합니다.
그리고 우리들이 지금
비저항에 대해 배우고있으니
전도도에 대해서도 배우는것이
옳다고 생각합니다.
전기전도도 말이죠.
아까 배운바에 의하면 비저항은
어떤물질이 얼마나
전류를 저항하는지 알려줍니다.
그에비해 전도도는 어떤 물질이
얼마나 전류를 흘려보내는지
알려줍니다.
때문에 비저항과 전도도는
서로에 반비례합니다.
실제로도 굉장히 간단한 개념인데요
비저항은 그저
Thai:
1 ส่วนสภาพนำไฟฟ้า
สัญลักษณ์ที่เราใช้แทนสภาพนำไฟฟ้าคือซิกม่า
ตัวอักษรกรีกซิกม่านี้ คือสภาพนำไฟฟ้า
และโร สภาพต้านทาน ก็แค่ 1 ส่วนซิกม่า
สภาพนำไฟฟ้า
เช่นเดียวกัน ซิกม่าจะเท่ากับ
1 ส่วนสภาพต้านทาน เพราะถ้าวัสดุหนึ่ง
เป็นตัวต้านทานที่ดี มันจะเป็นตัวนำที่แย่
และถ้าวัสดุหนึ่งเป็นตัวนำที่ดี
มันจะเป็นตัวต้านทานที่แย่
ค่าเหล่านี้จึงแปรผกผันกัน
มันเป็นคู่กัน
ถ้าคุณรู้ตัวหนึ่ง คุณจะรู้อีกตัวหนึ่ง
เอาล่ะ ถ้ามันยังดูเป็นนามธรรมอยู่ล่ะก็
คุณสามารถเปรียบเทียบได้กับน้ำ
เราเห็นว่าตัวต้านทานขึ้นอยู่กับหลายอย่าง
เช่นสภาพต้านทาน
ยิ่งสภาพต้านทานมาก ความต้านทานก็มาก
และเราเห็นว่ายิ่งความยาวของตัวต้านทานมาก
ความต้านทานก็มาก
และถ้าคุณหารด้วยพื้นที่ตัวต้านทาน
มันก็แสดงว่าความต้านทานแปรผกผัน
กับพื้นที่ตัวต้านทาน
Portuguese:
1 sobre a condutividade eléctrica.
E o símbolo que usamos para
condutividade eléctrica é sigma.
Assim, esta carta grega sigma é
a condutividade eléctrica.
E rho, a resistividade,
é 1 sobre sigma,
a condutividade eléctrica.
E vice-versa, sigma será igual a
1 sobre a resistividade,
porque se algo é
uma bom resistor, é um mau condutor.
E se algo é um bom condutor,
é uma mau resistor.
Então, são inversamente
proporcionais.
São como duas ervilhas em uma vagem.
Se você conhece um deles,
você conhece o outro.
Tudo bem se isso tudo ainda
parece um pouco abstrato,
há uma ótima analogia
a fazer com a água.
Vimos que um resistor
dependia de algumas coisas,
como a resistividade.
Quanto maior a resistividade,
maior a resistência.
E que quanto maior
o comprimento,
do resistor, maior a resistência.
E se você dividir pela
área do resistor,
temos que a resistência
é inversamente proporcional
à área do resistor.
Korean:
전도도의 역수와 같습니다.
그리고 전도도를 나타낼때 쓰이는
기호는 시그마 (σ) 입니다.
이 그리스 기호 시그마 (σ)는
전기전도도를 나타내고
비저항을 나타내는기호 로(ρ) 는
전기전도도를 나타내는 기호
시그마 (σ) 의 역수일 뿐입니다.
역으로 말하자면 시그마 (σ) 는
비저항의 역수일것입니다.
왜냐하면 어떤 물체의
저항이 높다면, 그 물체는
안좋은 도체이기 때문이죠.
똑같이 어떤 물체가 훌룡한 도체라면
그 물체는 저항이 낮을것입니다.
그럼으로 이 두 값은 서로에
반비례하는것이죠.
이 두값은 실과 바늘과 같습니다.
이 값중 하나를 찾을수있다면
다른 값도 찾을수있기 때문이죠.
아직도 지금까지 배운게
이해가 잘안된다면
물에다가 비유를 하면 좀더
쉽게 이해할수있습니다.
지금까지 우리는 저항기가 몇몇
성질에따라 좌우되는것을 배웠습니다.
예를 들자면 비저항 말이죠.
비저항이 높을수록 저항도 커집니다.
그리고 저항기의 길이가 길수록
저항이 커지는것을 배웠죠.
그리고 공식의 분모에 저항기의
단면적이 들어가있기때문에
저항의 크기는 저항기의 단면적에
반비례한다는것을 배웠습니다.
iw:
ל- 1 חלקי המוליכות החשמלית.
מסמנים מוליכות חשמלית כסיגמה.
הואת היוונית סיגמה מסמנת מוליכות חשמלית.
רו, ההתנגדות הסגולית, היא 1 חלקי סיגמה,
המוליכות החשמלית.
ולהיפך, סיגמה שווה
ל- 1 חלקי ההתנגדות הסגולית, כי אם משהו
הוא נגד טוב, הוא מוליך גרוע.
ואם משהו מוליך טוב,
הוא נגד גרוע.
הדברים האלה פרופורציוניים הפוכים.
הם כשתי טיפות מים.
אם יודעים את אחד מהם, יודעים גם את השני.
אם הנושא נראה לכם עדיין קצת מופשט מדי,
ניתן להסתכל על אנלוגיה עם זרימת מים.
ראינו שההתנגדות תלויה במספר דברים,
כגון ההתנגדות הסגולית,
ככל שההתנגדות הסגולית גדולה יותר, כך גם
ההתנגדות עצמה. ראינו שככל שאורך הנגד גדול
יותר, כך גם ההתנגדות.
ומכיוון שמחלקים בשטח החתך של הנגד,
זה מראה שההתנגדות פרופורציונית הפוכה
לשטח החתך של הנגד.
English:
one over the electrical conductivity.
And the symbol we use for
electrical conductivity is sigma.
So, this Greek letter sigma is
the electrical conductivity.
And rho, the resistivity,
is just one over sigma,
the electrical conductivity.
And vice versa, sigma is gonna equal
one over the resistivity,
because if something's
a great resistor, it's a bad conductor.
And if something's a great conductor,
it's a bad resistor.
So, these things are
inversely proportional.
They're like two peas in a pod.
If you know one of these,
you know the other.
All right if this all seems a
little bit too abstract still,
there's a nice analogy
you can make to water.
We saw that a resistor
depended on a few things,
like the resistivity.
The bigger the resistivity,
the bigger the resistance.
And we saw that the bigger
the length of the resistor,
the larger the resistance.
And if you divide by the
area of the resistor,
it shows that the resistance
is inversely proportional
to the area of the resistor.
Bulgarian:
1 върху електропроводимостта.
А символът, който използваме
за електропроводимост, е сигма.
Тази гръцка буква сигма
е електропроводимостта.
И 'ро', специфичното съпротивление,
е просто 1 върху сигма,
електропроводимостта.
И обратно – сигма ще е равна на
1 върху специфичното съпротивление,
понеже ако нещо е
чудесен резистор,
то е лош проводник.
А ако нещо е чудесен проводник,
то е лош резистор.
Тези неща са
обратнопропорционални.
Те са като близнаци.
Ако знаеш едно от тях,
знаеш и другото.
Добре, ако това все още
изглежда прекалено абстрактно,
има чудесна аналогия
с водата.
Видяхме, че един резистор
зависеше от няколко неща,
като специфичното
съпротивление.
Колкото по-голямо е специфичното съпротивление,
толкова по-голямо е съпротивлението.
И видяхме, че колкото по-голяма е
дължината на резистора,
толкова по-голямо
е съпротивлението.
И ако разделиш
на площта на резистора,
това ти показва, че съпротивлението
е обратнопропорционално
на площта на резистора.
Czech:
Rezistivita se rovná
1 lomeno konduktivita.
Označujeme ji řeckým písmenem sigma.
Sigma je elektrická konduktivita.
Ró, rezistivita, je 1 / sigma.
Podobně sigma se rovná 1 / rezistivita,
protože dobrý rezistor je špatný vodič.
A pokud je něco dobrý vodič,
pak to je špatný rezistor.
Tyto hodnoty jsou vzájemně převrácené.
Když znáte jednu,
tak tu druhou snadno dopočítáte.
Pokud se vám to pořád zdá abstraktní,
můžeme to připodobnit vodě.
Odpor rezistoru závisí na několika věcech,
jako například na rezistivitě.
Čím větší rezistivita,
tím větší odpor.
Čím delší rezistor,
tím větší odpor.
A po vydělení průřezem rezistoru
vidíme, že odpor je nepřímo úměrný obsahu.
Korean:
자 이제 그럼 이것들을
물에다가 비유해봅시다.
자 일단 선안에 전자들 대신
물이흐르고있다고
가정해봅시다.
그리고 이 선대신 튜브나 파이프
같은
물이 흐를수있는 물체가 있다고
가정해봅시다.
그러니까 전자대신에 물이
파이프를 통해 흐르고있습니다.
여기서 물이 얼마나 잘
흐르는지는
파이프의 성질에 따라
달라질것입니다.
무엇이 파이프에 영향을 줄까요?
이 파이프 중간에 좁아진
부분이 있다고 가정해봅시다.
만약 파이프가 좁아진다면
물이 흐르기 더 어려워질것입니다.
다시 말해 파이프가 좁아젔기 때문에
물의 흐름의 저항이 커질것입니다.
이것에 영향을 미치는 요소는
무엇일까요?
일단 이 파이프의 단면적이
작아질수록
저항은 커집니다.
그리고 이것은 우리가 가진 공식과
일치합니다.
만약 파이프의 면적이 굉장히 작다면
공식의 분모에는 작은 수가 들어가게됩니다.
그리고 분모에 들어가는 수가 작을수록
반대로 수의 크기는 커지지요
이 상황에서는 큰 저항을 뜻합니다.
이해됬나요?
그리고 만약 여러분들이 좁아진
파이프의 길이를 늘린다면
물이 흐르는데 어려움이 늘것입니다.
실제 배관공들도 이런 내용들을
배웁니다.
파이프가 일정한 길이일 경우에
수압이 더 필요할겁니다.
Thai:
ลองเปรียบเทียบกับน้ำกัน
สมมุติว่าคุณมี แทนที่จะเป็นอิเล็กตรอน
ที่ไหลผ่านสาย
แทนที่จะเป็นสาย สมมุติว่าคุณมีท่อไปป์
ที่น้ำไหลผ่านได้
แทนที่จะเป็นอิเล็กตรอน คุณได้น้ำ
ไหลผ่านท่อ
ท่อต่างๆ จะมีความต้านทาน
กับน้ำที่ไหลต่างกัน
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นึกภาพคุณมีส่วนแคบในท่อนี้
ถ้าท่อนี้แคบ น้ำ
จะไหลยากขึ้น
คุณจะพบว่ามันต้านการไหลของน้ำมากกว่า
เพราะส่วนแคบนี้
แล้วมันขึ้นอยู่กับอะไร?
ยิ่งพื้นที่แคบนี้เล็กลงเท่าไหร่
ความต้านทานยิ่งมากขึ้น
มันตรงกับสิ่งที่เรามีตรงนี้
ถ้าคุณมีพื้นที่เล็กมากตรงนี้ คุณจะ
หารด้วยค่าน้อย และเมื่อคุณหารด้วยค่าน้อย
คุณจะได้ผลลัพธ์มาก
นั่นคือความต้านทานมาก
มันก็สมเหตุสมผล
เช่นเดียวกัน ความยาว ถ้าคุณเพิ่มความยาว
ของส่วนแคบนี้ น้ำจะ
ไหลได้ยากขึ้น
มันมีคู่มือช่างประปาอยู่ คุณลองหาดูได้
มันมีวิธีกำหนดว่า ถ้าท่อคุณยาวค่าหนึ่ง
คุณจะต้องใช้ความดันมากขึ้นตรงนี้
English:
So, let's make an analogy to water.
Let's say you have, instead of electrons,
flowing through a wire.
Instead of the wire, let's
say you had a tube, a pipe
that water could flow through.
So, instead of electrons, you've got water
flowing through a pipe.
Different pipes are gonna
offer different amounts
of resistance to the water
flowing through that pipe.
What would affect it?
Well, imagine you had a
constriction in this pipe.
If this pipe got
constricted, it'd be harder
for the water to flow.
You'd find that it resists
the flow of water more
because of this constriction.
And what would it depend on?
Well, the smaller this
area of the constriction,
the larger the resistance.
And that agrees with what we have up here.
If you have a really small
area, you're dividing by
a small number, and when you
divide by a small number,
you get a big number.
That'd be a big resistance.
So, that makes sense.
Also the length, if
you increase the length
of this constriction, the water will have
a harder time flowing.
There's manuals for plumbers,
and you can look it up.
There's a key to determine if
your pipe is a certain length,
you're gonna need more pressure over here.
Czech:
Připodobněme to k vodě.
Místo elektronů v drátu mějme trubku,
kterou může proudit voda.
Místo elektronů máte vodu.
Různé trubky budou
toku vody klást různý odpor.
Čím jej lze ovlivnit?
Tato trubka je třeba něčím stažená.
Pokud ji zaškrtíme,
voda nemůže už tak snadno protékat.
Toto zaškrcení odporuje toku vody
více než původní trubka.
Na čem to závisí přesně?
Čím menší je průřez zaškrcení,
tím větší odpor klade.
To souhlasí s tím, co máme tady.
Máte-li velmi malou plochu,
dělíte velmi malým číslem,
a když dělíte malým číslem,
vyjde vám velké číslo.
To by byl velký odpor.
To dává smysl.
A pokud toto zaškrcení provedete
po větší délce, voda nebude moct protékat.
Existuje příručka pro instalatéry,
kde zjistíte, že od určité délky bude
vaše trubka potřebovat vyšší tlak.
iw:
נסתכל על אנלוגיה עם מים.
נגיד שבמקום אלקטרונים
הזורמים בתייל,
במקום התייל, יש לנו צינור
שהמים זורמים דרכו.
במקום אלקטרונים, יש לנו מים
הזורמים דרך צינור.
לצינורות שונים יש התנגדויות שונות
לזרימת המים דרכם.
מה משפיע על כך?
נניח שישנה הצרה בצינור.
אם הצינור צר יותר, יהיה קשה
יותר למים לזרום.
נמצא שהצינור מתנגד יותר לזרימת המים,
בגלל ההצרה.
במה זה תלוי?
ככל ששטח החתך של החלק הצר קטן יותר,
ההתנגדות גדולה יותר.
וזה מתאים למה שראינו כאן.
אם יש שטח ממש קטן, מחלקים
במספר קטן, וכשמחלקים במספר קטן,
מקבלים מספר גדול.
התנגדות גדולה.
זה הגיוני.
אם מגדילים את האורך של החלק הצר,
למים יהיה קשה
יותר לזרום.
ניתן לקרוא על זה בספרי הדרכה לשרברבים.
ישנו מפתח הקובע, שאם הצינור הוא בעל אורך
מסוים, דרוש כאן יותר לחץ.
Bulgarian:
Нека направим
една аналогия с водата.
Да кажем, че вместо да имаш
електрони, течащи по една жица...
Вместо жица, да кажем,
че имаш тръба,
през която може
да тече вода.
Вместо електрони,
имаш вода,
която тече
през една тръба.
Различните тръби ще осигурят
различно количество съпротивление
на водата, която тече
през тази тръба.
Кое ще повлияе на това?
Представи си, че имаш едно
свиване в тази тръба.
Ако тази тръба бъде стеснена,
на водата ще ѝ е по-трудно да тече.
Ще откриеш, че това се съпротивлява
повече на потока на водата,
поради това стеснение.
И от какво
ще зависи това?
Колкото по-малка е площта
на това стеснение,
толкова по-голямо
е съпротивлението.
И това съвпада с това,
което имаме тук горе –
ако имаш много малка площ,
делиш на малко число
и когато делиш
на малко число,
получаваш голямо число.
Това ще е
голямо съпротивление.
Това е логично.
Също и дължината –
ако увеличиш дължината на стеснението,
на водата ще ѝ е
по-трудно да тече.
Има наръчник за водопроводчици
и можеш да го намериш.
Има едно ключово нещо, за да определиш
дали тръбата ти ще е с определена дължина –
ще ти трябва
повече налягане тук.
Portuguese:
Então, vamos fazer uma analogia com a água.
Vamos dizer que você tem, em vez de elétrons,
que flui através de um fio.
Em vez de o fio, vamos
dizer que você tinha um tubo
que a água pode fluir.
Ao invés de elétrons, você tem água
fluindo através de um tubo.
Diferentes tubos oferecerão
resitências
diferentes à água que flui
através da tubulação.
O que pode afetar?
Bem, imagine que teve uma
constrição neste tubo.
Com essa constrição,
seria mais difícil
para a água a fluir.
Você acharia que há mais
resistência ao fluxo de água
devido a constrição.
E o que isso depende?
Bem, quanto menor a área
da constrição,
maior é a resistência.
E isso concorda com o que nós temos aqui em cima.
Se a área é muito pequena,
você está dividindo por
um pequeno número, e quando você
dividir por um número pequeno,
você tem um número grande.
Isso seria uma grande resistência.
Então, isso faz sentido.
Além disso, o comprimento, se
você aumentar o comprimento
desta constrição, a água terá
mais dificuldade para fluir.
Há manuais para encanadores,
e você pode procurá-los.
Há uma dica para determinar que se
sua tubulação é tem um certo comprimento,
você vai precisar de mais pressão aqui.
Bulgarian:
Колкото по-малко е стеснението
по отношение на тази площ
и колкото по-дълго е,
толкова повече налягане ти трябва тук.
Налягането е като
източника на батерията.
Вместо батерия, която предоставя
напрежение на тази електрическа верига,
ще имаш нещо, което осигурява налягане,
за да накара водата да тече.
И, точно както при една батерия, разликата в
електрическия потенциал има значение.
За налягането тук има значение
промяната в налягането
между една точка
в системата
и друга точка в системата.
Това е логично.
По-дълго стеснение означава
повече съпротивление.
По-малка площ означава
повече съпротивление.
На какво ще е аналогично
това специфично съпротивление?
Това ще е от какво
е направена тръбата.
Ако тази тръба има
груба вътрешна повърхност,
водата няма да тече
толкова гладко.
Ще имаш по-голямо съпротивление,
без значение колко е дълга тръбата
или каква е площта.
Естественото състояние
на самата тръба
е това, от което
ще зависи специфичното съпротивление,
точно както тук горе.
Специфичното съпротивление зависи
от това от какво е направен материалът.
Специфичното съпротивление на тази тръба
зависи от това от какво е направена тръбата,
Thai:
ยิ่งท่อมีพื้นที่แคบเท่าไหร่
และยิ่งมันยาวขึ้นเท่าไหร่
คุณยิ่งต้องใช้ความดันตรงนี้มากขึ้น
ความดันเป็นเหมือนแหล่งแบตเตอรี่
แทนที่จะเป็นแบตเตอรี่ให้โวลเตจ
กับวงจรนนี้ คุณจะมีสิ่งที่ให้ความดัน
ทำให้น้ำไหล
เช่นเดียวกับแบตเตอรี่ สิ่งที่สำคัญคือผลต่าง
ของศักย์ไฟฟ้า
สิ่งที่สำคัญในแง่ความดันตรงนี้ ก็คือผลต่างความดัน
ระหว่างจุดหนึ่งในระบบ
กับอีกจุดหนึ่งในระบบ
มันสมเหตุสมผล
ยิ่งท่อแคบที่ยาวขึ้นหมายถึง
ความต้านทานที่มากขึ้น
พื้นที่ที่น้อยลง หมายถถึงความต้านทานที่มากขึ้น
แล้วสภาพต้านทานนี้เทียบได้กับอะไร?
มันเหมือนกับว่าท่อนี้ทำจากอะไร
ถ้าท่อนี้มีผิวข้างในขรุขระ
น้ำจะไม่ไหลอย่างราบรื่น
คุณจะได้ความต้านทานมากขึ้นไม่ว่า
มันจะยาวหรือมีพื้นที่เท่าใด
ผลภายในตามธรรมชาติของท่อเอง
คือสภาพต้านทาน
เหมือนกับบนนี้
สภาพต้านทานขึ้นอยู่กับวัสดุที่ใช้ทำตัวต้านทาน
สภาพต้านทานของท่อนี้ขึ้นอยู่กับว่าท่อนี้
Czech:
Takže čím těsnější a delší je zaškrcení,
tím více tlaku je tu potřeba.
Tlak je jako zdroj či baterie.
Místo baterie s napětím bychom
tu měli něco poskytujícího tlak,
aby voda proudila.
Podobně jako u baterie zde
záleží na rozdílu potenciálů.
Pro tlak v tomto systému záleží
na změně tlaku mezi dvěma místy.
To dává smysl.
Delší zaškrcení znamená větší odpor.
Menší plocha znamená větší odpor.
Čemu by odpovídala rezistivita?
Kdyby trubka měla hrubý vnitřní povrch,
voda by neproudila hladce.
Odpor by vzrostl nezávisle
na délce či obsahu.
Je to charakteristika materiálu trubky,
stejně jako rezistivita tady nahoře.
Rezistivita také závisí na materiálu.
iw:
ככל ששטח החתך של החלק הצר קטן יותר,
וככל שהוא ארוך יותר, דרוש כאן יותר לחץ.
הלחץ הוא כמו המתח של הסוללה.
במקום סוללה המספקת מתח
למעגל הזה, זקוקים למשהו המספק לחץ
כדי שהמים יזרמו.
כמו בסוללה, בה מה שחשוב הוא ההפרש
בפוטנציל החשמלי, המתח,
מה שחשוב כאן הוא הפרש הלחצים,
בין נקודה אחת במערכת,
לבין נקודה אחרת במערכת.
זה הגיוני.
חלק צר ארוך יותר פירושו יותר התנגדות.
שטח קטן יותר פירושו יותר התנגדות.
מהי האנלוגיה להתנגדות הסגולית?
האנלוגיה היא החומר ממנו עשוי הצינור.
אם לצינור יש שטח פנימי מחוספס,
המים לא יזרמו כל כך חלק.
תהיה התנגדות יותר גדולה, ללא תלות
באורך או בשטח של הצינור.
הצורה הטבעית של הצינור עצמו,
משפיעה על ההתנגדות הסגולית שלו,
כמו כאן.
ההתנגדות הסגולית תלויה בחומר ממנו הוא עשוי
ההתנגדות הסגולית של הצינור תלויה בחומר
Portuguese:
Assim, quanto menor for a constrição
em termos de sua área,
e quanto maior é, mais
pressão é necessário.
A pressão é como o
fonte da bateria.
Então, ao invés de uma bateria
fornecendo a tensão
a este circuito, você teria
algo fornecendo pressão
para obter água fluindo.
E, como uma bateria, o
que importa é a diferença
em potencial eléctrico.
O que importa para a pressão
aqui é a mudança de pressão
entre um ponto
e outro no sistema.
Então, isso faz sentido.
Constrição mais longa
significa mais resistência.
Área menor
significa mais resistência.
A resistividade seria análoga a quê?
Bem, seria que tipo de material
é feito o tubo?
Se este tubo tem uma superfície
interna áspera,
a água não flui tão bem.
Você teria uma maior
resistência independente
do comprimento ou área.
Apenas a construção do tubo em si
seria o que a resistividade dependeria,
assim como aqui em cima.
A resistividade é dependente
do material utilizado.
A resistividade deste tubo
depende do que esta tubulação
Korean:
따라서 이 파이프의 단면적이 좁을수록
그리고 길이가 길수록
필요한 수압이 높아집니다.
여기서 수압은 회로에서의
배터리와 같습니다.
이 경우에는 회로에 전압을 제공하는
배터리 대신에
물이 흐르게하기위한 수압을
제공하는 무언가가
있을것입니다.
그리고 배터리의 전위차가
중요하듯이
수압에서 중요한것은
한위치와 또다른 위치에서의
수압차가 중요합니다.
이해가 되죠?
파이프가 길수록,
그리고 단면적이 작아질수록
저항은 커집니다.
비저항은 파이프의 어떤성질과
같을까요?
아마도 파이프의 제질과
같겠네요.
만약 파이프 내면이 울퉁불퉁하다면
물은 덜 쉽게 흐르겠죠.
이때는 파이프의 규격이 어떠하든
저항이 커질겄입니다.
파이프의 제질이 물의 흐름에 끼치는 영향이
비저항이 전류이 끼치는 영향과 같은것이죠.
이 예시와 같이요.
저항기의 비저항은 저항기의
재질에 따라 달라집니다.
이 파이프의 '비저항' 도
English:
So, the smaller the constriction
in terms of its area,
and the longer it is, the more
pressure you need back here.
The pressure is like the
source of the battery.
So instead of a battery
providing the voltage
to this circuit, you'd have
something offering pressure
to get the water flowing.
And just like a battery, what
matters is the difference
in electric potential.
What matters for the pressure
here is the change in pressure
between one point in the system
and another point in the system.
So that makes sense.
A longer constriction
means more resistance.
A smaller area means more resistance.
What would this resistivity
be analogous to?
Well, it would be kind of like
what the pipe is made out of.
If this pipe has a rough inner surface,
the water wouldn't flow as smoothly.
You would get a greater
resistance regardless
of how long it is or what the area is.
Just the natural built-in
affect of the pipe itself
is what the resistivity would depend on,
just like up here.
The resistivity depends on what
the material is made out of.
The resistivity of this pipe
depends on what this pipe
Czech:
Rezistivita trubky závisí
na materiálu jejího vnitřku.
Doufám tedy, že vám toto podobenství
pomohlo ten vzorec trochu pochopit.
Pro všechny případy zkusme ještě příklad.
Smažme tohle.
Řekněme,
že máme otázku,
jaký odpor by kladlo 12 metrů
měděného drátu s průměrem 0,01 metru?
Měď má rezistivitu
1,68 krát 10 na minus 8.
Jaká je jednotka rezistivity?
Jednotkou rezistivity jsou ohm metry.
Zkusme to.
Použijme náš vzorec.
REPLAY: R rovná se ró L lomeno A.
Tady máme rezistivitu.
1,68 krát 10 na minus 8.
Všimněte si, jak malé číslo to je.
To není skoro nic.
Měď je skvělý vodič.
Je mizerný rezistor.
Elektrony jí proudí jako po másle.
Délka je snadná,
to je 12 metrů.
Všimněte si, že se ptáme na odpor drátu.
Korean:
파이프의 내면의 재질에 따라
달라지죠.
다행이 이 비유가 이 공식을
조금더 직관적이게 만들었으면
좋겠네요.
하지만 아직 이해못했을 경우를 대비해
예시를 하나 해봅시다.
이것들을 지우고 시작하죠.
이 문제를 풀어봅시다.
"길이가 12 미터 그리고
지름이 .01 미터인 구리선의 저항은 얼마인가?"
구리는 1.68 곱하기 10의 -8승의
비저항을 가집니다.
여기서 비저항의 단위는 무엇이죠?
비저항의 단위는 옴 곱하기 미터입니다.
Ω *m
문제를 풀어보죠.
아까 기억해둔 공식을 써야합니다.
REPLAY 를 기억하세요.
R = ρ*L/A
비저항은 문제에 주어져있습니다.
1.69 * 10^-8
굉장히 작은 값이죠.
거의 없는것과 다름없죠.
구리는 훌룡한 도체입니다.
반대로 안좋은 부도체이죠.
전자를 굉장히 잘 흘려보냅니다.
자 길이는 간단하게
12 미터입니다.
여기서 주목할점은 문제가
선 자체의 저항을 물어본다는것입니다.
iw:
ממנו הוא בנוי, או לפחות במשטח הפנימי שלו.
אני מקווה שהאנלוגיה הזאת, הופכת את הנוסחה
הזאת ליותר מובנת.
בואו נפתור שאלה לדוגמה.
נמחק את כל זה.
יש לנו את השאלה הבאה:
כמה התנגדות תהיה
ל- 12 מטר של חוט נחושת, בעל קוטר
של 0.01 מטר?
לנחושת יש התנגדות סגולית של 1.68
כפול 10 במינוס 8.
מהן היחידות של ההתנגדות הסגולית?
היחידות הן אוהם כפול מטר.
אוהם כפול מטר.
נפתור זאת.
נשתמש בנוסחה הזאת.
תזכרו את REPLAY, ההתנגדות שווה לרו
כפול L חלקי A.
יש לנו כאן את ההתנגדות הסגולית.
1.68 כפול 10 בחזקת מינוס 8.
תראו כמה שזה קטן.
זה בקושי משהו.
נחושת מוליכה טוב מאד.
היא מהווה נגד גרוע מאד.
היא מאפשרת לאלקטרונים לזרום כאוות נפשם.
ניקח את האורך.
האורך הוא 12 מטר.
השאלה היא מהי ההתנגדות
של החוט עצמו.
Thai:
ทำมาจากอะไร อย่างน้อยก็ผนังด้านใน
หวังว่าการเปรียบเทียบนี้คงทำให้สูตรนี้
ดูตรงตามสัญชาตญาณมากขึ้น
แต่ลองทำตัวอย่างเผื่อไว้แล้วกัน
ลองลบทั้งหมดนี้ออก
และสมมุติว่าคุณมีปัญหานี้
ความต้านทานของสาย
ทองแดงยาว 12 เมตร เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง
0.01 เมตรเป็นเท่าใด?
ถ้าทองแดงมีสภาพต้านทานเป็น 1.68
คูณ 10 กำลังลบ 8
ทีนี้ สภาพต้านทานมีหน่วยเป็นอะไร?
สภาพต้านทานมีหน่วยเป็นโอห์มเมตร
โอห์มคูณเมตร
ลองทำอันนี้ดู
เราใช้สูตรของเราได้
นึกดู Replay R เท่ากับโร
L ส่วน A
สภาพต้านทานที่เรามีตรงนี้
1.69 คูณ 10 กำลังลบ 8
สังเกตว่ามันน้อยแค่ไหน
มันกะจิดริดมาก
ทองแดงเป็นตัวนำที่ดี
เป็นตัวต้านทานที่แย่มาก
มันปล่อยอิเล็กตรอนไหลราวกับเวทมนตร์
เอาล่ะ ความยาว ง่ายๆ
ความยาวคือ 12 เมตร
สังเกต เรากำลังถามว่า ความต้านทาน
ของสายเป็นเท่าใด?
Portuguese:
é feita, pelo menos, a parede interna.
Portanto, esperamos que esta
analogia deixe a fórmula
um pouco mais intuitiva.
Mas vamos fazer um exemplo.
Vamos nos livrar de tudo isso.
E façamos esta pergunta.
"Quanta resistência teríamos
"em um fio de cobre com 12 metros e diâmetro
"de 0.01 metros?"
Se o cobre tem resistividade de 1,68
vezes 10 elevado a menos 8.
Agora, quais as unidades da resistividade?
Acontece que resistividade
tem como unidades metros ohm.
Então, ohms vezes metros.
Vamos tentar isso.
Vamos usar a fórmula.
Lembre-se de "Replay", R é igual a rho,
L sobre A.
A resistividade que temos aqui.
1,69 vezes 10 elevado menos 8.
Note como isto é pequeno.
Isto não é nada.
O cobre é um bom condutor.
É um terrível resistor.
Ele permite que os elétrons corram
como que por encanto.
Tudo bem, então o comprimento,
isso é muito fácil.
O comprimento é de 12 metros.
Observe, estamos pedindo,
qual é a resistência
do próprio fio?
English:
is made out of, at least the inner wall.
So hopefully this analogy
makes this formula seem
a little more intuitive.
But just in case, let's do an example.
Let's get rid of all this.
And let's say you got this question.
"How much resistance would be offered by
"12 meters of copper wire with a diameter
"of 0.01 meters?"
If copper has a resistivity of 1.68
times 10 to the negative 8th.
Now, what units does resistivity have?
Turns out resistivity
has units of ohm meters.
So, ohms times meters.
Well, let's try this out.
We've gotta use our formula.
Remember "Replay", R equals rho,
L over A.
The resistivity we have right here.
1.69 times 10 to the negative 8th.
Notice how small this is.
This is hardly anything at all.
Copper's a great conductor.
It's a terrible resistor.
It let's electrons flow
through it like a charm.
All right, so the length,
that's pretty easy.
The length is 12 meters.
Notice, we're asking,
what's the resistance
of the wire itself?
Bulgarian:
поне вътрешната стена.
Надявам се, че тази аналогия
прави тази формула
да изглежда
малко по-логична.
И за всеки случай
нека направим един пример.
Нека се отървем от това.
Да кажем,
че имаш този въпрос.
"Колко съпротивление
ще бъде осигурено
от 12-метрова медна жица
с диаметър от 0,01 метра?"
Ако медта има
специфично съпротивление
от 1,68 по 10^(-8),
какви мерни единици
има специфичното съпротивление?
Оказва се, че специфичното съпротивление
има мерни единици от ом метра.
Ом по метри.
Нека изпробваме това.
Трябва да използваме
нашата формула.
Помни, "Replay",
R е равно на 'ро',
L/A.
Специфичното съпротивление
е ето тук.
1,68 по 10^(-8).
Забележи колко
малко е това.
Това е много малко.
Медта е
чудесен проводник.
Тя е ужасен резистор.
Позволява на електроните
свободно да текат през нея.
Дължината –
това е доста лесно.
Дължината е 12 метра.
Забележи, питат ни какво е
съпротивлението на самата жица.
Тук всъщност няма
"резистор".
Bulgarian:
Но всяка част от жицата
ще осигури някакво съпротивление.
И тази формула се прилага
точно толкова добре
към една жица,
колкото към един резистор.
Дължината на жицата
е 12 метра,
а диаметърът е 0,01.
Какво правим
с това?
Трябва ни площта.
Спомни си напречната площ.
И площта на
една окръжност е πr^2,
така че площта тук долу
ще е π по – не 0,01^2 –
това е диаметърът.
Трябва ни радиусът,
трябва да вземем половината на това.
Тоест 0,005 метра на квадрат.
И ако изчислиш това,
получаваш съпротивление
от 0,0026 ома.
Много малко, но все пак
има някакво съпротивление.
И ако това ще има
ефект върху
някакъв много деликатен
експеримент,
трябва да вземем
това предвид.
Ако това е много дълго,
колкото по-дълго е,
толкова повече
съпротивление ще има,
което може да повлияе
на системата ти.
Но обикновено
няма голямо значение.
Медната жица – електроните текат
през нея като през вода,
все едно дори
не е тук,
Portuguese:
Agora não há realmente um
resistor entre aspas aqui.
Mas cada pedaço de fio vai
oferecer alguma resistência.
E esta fórmula se aplica
a um pedaço de fio
tal como a um resistor.
Assim, o comprimento do fio é de 12 metros,
e o diâmetro é de 0.01.
O que vamos fazer com isso?
Bem, nós precisamos da área.
Lembre-se da área transversal.
E a área de um círculo é pi vezes
r ao quadrado,
então a área aqui vai ser pi vezes
não, 0.01 ao quadrado.
Esse é o diâmetro.
Precisamos do raio,
metade disos aqui.
Assim, 0.005 metros ao quadrado.
E se calcular isso,
você tem uma resistência de
0.0026
ohms.
Quase nada, mas
há alguma resistência.
E se isso vai ter um efeito sobre um
experimento muito delicado,
você tem que
levar isso em conta.
Se você tem esse comprimento,
quanto maior for,
maior é a resistência,
que pode afetar seu sistema.
Mas, normalmente, não importa muito.
Em fio de cobre, elétrons correm como água
como se não houvesse nada,
English:
Now there's not really a
quote-unquote resistor in here.
But every piece of wire's
gonna offer some resistance.
And this formula applies just
as well to a piece of wire
as it does to a resistor.
So, the length of the wire's 12 meters,
and the diameter is 0.01.
What do we do with that?
Well, we need the area.
Remember the cross sectional area.
And the area of a circle is pi r squared,
so the area down here is gonna be pi times
not 0.01 squared.
That's the diameter.
We need the radius, we
need to take half of this.
So 0.005 meters squared.
And if you calculate all
this, you get a resistance of
0.0026
ohms.
Hardly anything, but
there is some resistance.
And if this is going
to have an affect on a
very delicate experiment, you've gotta
take that into account.
If you get this really
long, the longer it is,
the more resistance is has,
that could affect your system.
But typically, it doesn't matter too much.
The copper wire, electron's
flow through that like water,
like it's not even there,
Korean:
이 문제에서는 실질적인
저항기는 없습니다.
하지만 선의 모든 구간이
저항을 가지고있죠.
그리고 이 공식은 저항기에
적용되듯이 어떤 선에도
적용됩니다.
자 선의 길이는 12 미터입니다.
지름은 .01 미터이고요.
이 숫자로 무엇을 해야될까요?
일단 우리는 단면적이 필요합니다.
기억하다시피 단면적,
즉 원의 면적은 π*r^2 으로 정의됩니다.
따라서 이 면적 A는 π 곱하기
지름인 .01 제곱이 아니라
지름의 값을 반으로 나눈 반지름의
제곱이 필요합니다.
따라서 .005 미터를 제곱합니다.
그리고 이 수식을 계산한다면
.0026 Ω 이라는 저항이 나올것입니다.
0 에 가깝지만 저항이 존재합니다.
그리고 만약 이 저항이 섬세한
실험에 영향을 미친다면
이 값을 감안하고 실험을
진행해야합니다.
이 선의 길이를 더 늘릴수록
저항은 커질것입니다.
그리고 이것은 실험에 영향을
끼칠수도 있죠.
하지만 일반적으로는
거의 상관이 없습니다.
전자들은 물처럼 부드럽게
구리선에 흐르기 때문에
선이 없는것처럼 느껴집니다.
Thai:
มันไม่ใช่ "ตัวต้านทาน" จริงๆ ตรงนี้
เพราะสายทุกเส้นจะมีความต้านทานอยู่
และสูตรนี้ใช้ได้กับสาย
เช่นเดียวกับตัวต้านทาน
ความยาวสายเท่ากับ 12 เมตร
และเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางเป็น 0.01
เราทำอะไรกับมันได้?
เราต้องการพื้นที่
นึกดู พื้นที่หน้าตัด
และพื้นที่หน้าตัดวงกลมคือพาย r กำลังสอง
พื้นที่ข้างล่างตรงนี้จึงเท่ากับพายคูณ
ไม่ใช่ 0.01 กำลังสอง
นั่นคือเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง
เราต้องการรัศมี เราต้องหารสองค่านี้
ได้ 0.005 เมตรกำลังสอง
และถ้าคุณคำนวณค่าทั้งหมดนี้
คุณจะได้ความต้านทาน
0.0026
โอห์ม
น้อยมาก แต่ยังมีความต้านทานอยู่
และถ้ามันจะมีผลต่อ
การทดลองที่ละเอียดอ่อน คุณ
ก็ต้องคิดมันด้วย
ถ้าคุณมีเส้นนี้ยาวมาก ยิ่งยาวเท่าไหร่
ความต้านทานยิ่งมาก
และมันจะมีผลต่อระบบคุณได้
แต่ส่วนมาก มันจะไม่มีผลเท่าไหร่
สายทองแดง อิเล็กตรอนไหลผ่านเส้นไปเหมือนน้ำ
ราวกับไม่มีอะไรอยู่
Czech:
Není tu "rezistor".
Ale každý kus drátu má jistý odpor.
Tento vzorec se týká drátů i rezistorů.
Délka drátu je 12 metrů a průměr 0,1.
Co s tím uděláme?
Potřebujeme obsah.
Průřez, ne průměr.
Obsah kruhu je pí r na druhou,
ale plocha nebude pí krát 0,01 na druhou.
0,01 je průměr.
Potřebujeme poloměr,
to je polovina tohoto,
takže 0,005 metrů na druhou.
Pokud to spočí táte,
získáte odpor 0,0026 ohmů.
To ani nestojí za řeč,
ale nějaký odpor tu je.
Pokud provádíte velmi jemné měření,
musíte s tím počítat.
Pokud máte hodně dlouhý drát,
tak čím delší vedení, tím větší odpor.
Může to vaši soustavu ovlivnit,
ale většinou na tom moc nesejde.
Mědí elektrony protékají,
jako by tam skoro ani nebyla,
iw:
אין פה באמת נגד.
כל חוט נחושת הוא בעל התנגדות כלשהי.
הנוסחה הזאת נכונה גם עבור חתיכת חוט,
ולא רק עבור נגדים.
האורך של החוט הוא 12 מטר
והקוטר הוא 0.01 מטר.
מה עושים עם זה?
אנו צריכים את השטח.
שטח החתך של החוט.
השטח של מעגל הוא פאי כפול r בריבוע,
השטח כאן במונה הוא פאי כפול,
לא 0.01 בריבוע,
זה הקוטר,
אנו צריכים את הרדיוס, חצי מזה.
0.005 בריבוע.
כשעושים את החישוב, מקבלים התנגדות
של 0.0026
אוהם.
זאת התנגדות מאד קטנה.
אם מבצעים ניסוי מאד מדויק,
זה ישפיע עליו וצריך
לקחת אותה בחשבון.
אם יש חוט נחושת מאד ארוך, ככל שהוא יותר
ארוך, התנגדותו גדולה יותר,
וזה יכול להשפיע על הניסוי.
בניסוים פשוטים זה לא כל כך חשוב.
האלקטרונים זורמים בחוטי נחושת, כמו מים,
כאילו אין שם כלום,
Korean:
왜냐면 저항이 굉장히 작기때문이죠.
Czech:
protože má tak malý odpor.
English:
because the resistance is so small.
Bulgarian:
понеже съпротивлението
е много малко.
iw:
כי ההתנגדות כל כך קטנה.
Thai:
เพราะความต้านทานน้อยมาก
Portuguese:
porque a resistência é muito pequena.
Legendado por [Sérgio Rodrigues]
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STATEHOUSE IN BOSTON, JODI REED
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DEALING
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Did you know that almost 3 quarters of the
Earth is covered by OCEANS?
They’re all connected to each other.
The biggest ocean is called the PACIFIC OCEAN.
Pacific means “Peaceful.”
But this ocean can have giant waves...doesn’t
look so peaceful to me!
There are many amazing animals that live in
the Pacific Ocean.
Some are huge...some are tiny.
Some are fish...some are mammals...some are
crustaceans...some are squishy invertebrates...there
are even birds that spend their whole lives
on the Pacific Ocean.
Let’s go see!
{barking sound} Gosh these are loud critters.
These are CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS.
Sea lions are big, bulky mammals.
The male sea lions are bigger than the females
- reaching almost 2 meters long and weighing
about 300 kg.
That’s about the size of 4 people!
Sea lions like to sun themselves on coastal
rocks.
You can sometimes see hundreds of sea lions,
all sunning themselves together.
They also have their babies on land.
But Sea Lions spend most of their time in
the water, swimming and playing.
They hold their breath and can dive underwater
to catch food.
They like to eat fish, squid, octopuses, and
all kinds of shellfish like clams and mussels.
You might confuse SEALS with SEA LIONS.
But sea lions have visible ear flaps, and
can sort of walk on land, using their large
flippers.
Seals have much smaller flippers, and they
don’t walk - they wriggle on their bellies.
Also - no cute little ear flaps.
The sea otter is another ocean mammal.
It lives in the northern Pacific, in the shallow
waters right along the coast.
Sea otters are known for staying well-groomed.
Taking care of their thick coat of waterproof
fur helps keep the sea otter warm.
Did you notice their webbed hind feet?
These help the sea otter swim!
They’re really good at diving to catch food.
They can stay underwater for a few minutes.
They hold their breath and look around.
The sea otters can even close their nose and
ears so water doesn’t get in.
What do they catch?
Sea otters like to eat all kinds of seafood,
including clams, mussels, crabs, squid, and
fish.
They bring their catch back up to the surface.
Then the sea otter floats on its back, and
eats food off its tummy!
It uses a rock to break open its meal.
Sea otters have favourite rocks they carry
around with them.
Did you know sea otters have pockets?
Really, they’re flaps of loose skin under
each arm that they use like little pouches.
They also use them when diving to carry as
much food as possible back to the surface.
Sea otters spend most of their time in the
ocean.
They even have their babies there.
{aww cute} They are very social, and form
groups of up to 100.
They float together in these groups, called
rafts.
They even sleep while floating, often holding
on to the seaweed.
They also like to hold on to each other so
they don’t float away from the group.
The blue whale is the largest animal that
has EVER lived.
It’s even bigger than the biggest dinosaurs.
They get up to 30 meters long (almost a hundred
feet) and can weigh almost 200 tons.
Would you believe blue whales get this big
eating TEENY TINY food?
They live on KRILL, which is a very, very
small animal that kind of looks like a shrimp.
A blue whale has to eat millions of krill
each day.
The whales swim through the water with their
mouths open, letting the swarms of krill float
inside.
Then the whale closes its mouth and lets the
water flow out through a kind of screen called
BALEEN PLATES.
The water goes out, but the krill are trapped
inside.
Yum yum yum!
Blue whales have enormous babies, which is
not surprising.
They are about 7 meters long and weigh more
than 2 tons when they are born.
Whales are mammals, which means they nurse
their young.
Baby blue whales drink more than 400 liters
of milk from their mothers each day.
Hey, do you hear something?
Oh, it’s just a blue whale song.
That’s right.
Blue whales sing to each other!
I wonder what they’re saying?
Did you know that coral is an animal?
It looks like a very pretty rock.
But nope.
It’s an animal!
One way you can tell is because it eats other
animals for food.
Each individual animal is called a polyp.
Coral are related to jellyfish, which you
can see at the early stage of its life when
it can swim freely around, looking for a home.
The polyp attaches to a rock or some old coral.
Then it grows a hard outer skeleton.
Over time, if many polyps grow together, they
form what we call a CORAL REEF.
Coral Reefs are home to many, many kinds of
sea life, including all sorts of beautiful
fish, starfish, sea slugs, sea turtles, eels,
seahorses (that’s a kind of fish)...coral
reefs are habitats for many animals, and so
it’s really important they are protected.
You may be wondering, how does an animal that
is stuck in one place eat?
Coral eat by catching tiny floating animals
called zooplankton.
They stretch out long, stinging tentacles
and catch their prey as it floats by.
Then they pull their tiny prey into their
mouths.
Many coral also have a close relationship
with algae.
The algae can do photosynthesis, using sunlight
as well as carbon dioxide from the coral to
make sugar for food.
The algae share the food they make with the
coral.
The coral, in turn, give the algae a safe
home.
We call this kind of mutually beneficial relationship
SYMBIOSIS.
Here’s another kind of symbiotic relationship
- the orange clownfish and the magnificent
sea anemones.
They are two very different kind of animals,
but they live together in harmony.
The clownfish makes its home in and around
the anemone.
These cute stripedy fish like to eat algae,
as well as various small animals like worms.
They swim in and out of the anemone tentacles.
The Anemone, on the other hand, stays rooted
in one place and waits for its food to come
close enough to catch.
Anemones will eat fish, shrimp, mussels, sea
urchins...they use their stinging tentacles
to stun their prey before eating it.
But they don’t sting the clownfish!
The anemone might be using the clownfish as
bait to attract some bigger fish for its dinner.
The other fish come nosing around, and bam!
Stung by the anemone.
Here’s a familiar sight to whale watchers
- the gray whale.
This kind of whale looks like it’s covered
with rocks!
Those are actually little animals called Barnacles.
When the barnacles fall off they leave scars
behind on the whale.
Poor little whale.
I mean poor giant enormous whale!
The gray whales grow up to about 15 meters
and weigh about 40 tons.
This is another baleen whale.
It eats by snuffling up small creatures from
the bottom of the ocean, and then filtering
them using the baleen plates in its mouth.
Gray whales travel long distances every year
- up to 11,000 km.
They travel along familiar routes, which makes
it easier for whale watchers to spot these
gray whales than some other, more unpredictable
whales.
They are often seen on the West Coast of North
America, singing songs to each other and herding
their little babies.
Well, when I say little, I mean compared to
the parents.
Baby gray whales are about 5 meters long and
weigh a ton.
I mean LITERALLY a ton - about 2000 pounds!
Orcas are sometimes called “killer whales.”
They’re actually dolphins - the world’s
LARGEST dolphin.
These mammals are huge, about 8 meters long
and weighing about 11 tons.
They get their nickname because they are very
successful hunters.
Orcas will eat almost anything - seals, sharks,
whales...
They can find their prey using ECHOLOCATION
- they make clicks and other sounds, and listen
for the echo that bounces back.
That tells them which direction to swim.
Sort of like a bat, but a giant, killer bat
that lives in the ocean.
You can recognize orcas by their distinctive
black and white colouring.
It might help them stay camouflaged in the
water - it’s hard to see just where they
begin and end.
There’s also a tricky part of their colouring
- that giant white spot is not their eye..THAT’s
their eye.
Orcas work together in family pods of up to
40 animals to chase down their prey.
They’re also known to use very clever hunting
techniques.
For instance, if they see a seal or other
prey animal on a piece of ice, they swim quickly
towards it, making a wave.
The wave knocks the seal off the ice into
the water, and bam!
The orca gets its dinner.
Orcas also sing songs to each other.
Probably congratulating themselves on being
excellent hunters.
This is a seabird called the Wandering Albatross.
It doesn’t actually live IN the ocean, but
it spends almost its whole life flying over
the ocean.
It has the longest wings of any bird (about
3 meters across).
This lets the albatross glide in the air for
hours at a time.
It hardly has to flap its wings at all!
It does land on the water to eat - picking
off fish, squid, and octopuses.
When the wandering albatross finds a mate,
they make a nest on land and take turns keeping
their egg warm.
Once it hatches and is big enough to leave
the nest, they all return to the water.
Is that another HUGE BIRD flying underwater?!
No.
That’s a MANTA RAY, which is a very unusual-looking
fish.
It’s one of the biggest kinds of fish in
the Pacific Ocean, with a wingspan that can
get over 7 meters across.
The biggest Manta ever caught was over a thousand
kilograms...and by now you might not be surprised
that it got that big by eating teeny tiny
plankton.
Have we talked about PLANKTON yet?
Plankton is not just one kind of animal - it’s
a catch-all name for any tiny organism that
lives floating around in the ocean, usually
drifting around the top.
This includes small crustaceans, and the eggs
and larvae of bigger animals.
Animals that eat plankton, like the Manta
Ray, are filter feeders.
They suck in huge quantities of water and
then use baleen or other kinds of toothy combs
in their mouth to hold on to their food and
let the water run out.
Manta rays like to swim together when they’re
feeding - they really do look like flocks
of birds.
Is it my imagination, or is he smiling at
us?
Or maybe he’s hungry.
Good thing we’re too big to be plankton.
The GIANT CLAM is the largest mollusk on Earth.
It gets over a meter across and can
weigh over 200 kg (more than 400 lbs)!
This doesn’t happen overnight.
These clams can get over 100 years old.
They don’t always look like this, though.
For the first 12 hours of their lives, they’re
just fertilized eggs, floating next to their
parents.
Then they hatch, and are soft larvae, drifting
in the water.
Within a few days, they start growing a shell
around themselves.
They soon settle down and attach to one spot,
where they will live the rest of their lives.
The clams have a symbiotic relationship with
algae - the algae do photosynthesis, and give
sugars and proteins to the clam to eat.
The giant clam also eats some passing plankton
as a filter feeder.
I know what you’re thinking.
Is it safe to swim next to a giant clam?
Can it trap prey by snapping its giant shell
shut?
No.
It moves VERY slowly.
Since giant clams are cemented in one place,
usually on a coral reef - you might wonder
how do they reproduce?
Neighboring clams send out swarms of eggs
and sperm that have to run into each other,
that’s how.
Huh.
These were just a few of the amazing animals
living in the Pacific Ocean.
Have you seen any of these animals in person?
Tell us about it in the comments!
We’d love to hear your stories.
Now it’s time to watch another great video
about ANIMALS from Socratica Kids.
You get to pick!
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Tokyo Institute of Technology - the 400th anniversary -
Plane jazz
Jazz is......
Plane
Ex leader "Plane OBATA"
OH!
Mr. Plane Obata...
Good morning sir!!!
What's up?
Yeah! I am the lead plane!
We are the best buddy.
but sometimes fuck you invader from Los Guaracheros airport...
Fuck you guys and rape me.
Fuck you!
Fuck you Los Guaracheros...
Attention please, this is control! this is control!
Let's fly!
OK, I agree with you men.
Let's go! (CHI-SHO)
Yeah!
Few hours later...
We took a train and bus, finally arrived at the airport.
Here, we immature planes can fly.
However, we need to accept the risk to die, and sigh the contract.
We did not want to die a virgin, but finally accepted and signed.
We can die for Jazz...
I am so excited.
I'm so scared...
We are not so easy.
And maybe hard to understand.
This is just because we are plane.
Can you fly?
Let's fly together.
Tokyo Institute of Technology Modern Jazz Society
FIN
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Hi, I’m Adriene Hill, this is Crash Course
Economics,
and today we’re going to talk about Immigration
and how it affects economies.
So, that poem on the statue of liberty?
The one that reads in part,
“Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.”
That’s some lofty stuff, right?
Well, sentiment aside, immigrants are good
for the economy.
[Theme Music]
Before we get into the Economics of Immigration, let’s step back and have a quick look at the history.
Homo Sapiens have been moving around the planet
for a long, long time.
Estimates vary, but modern humans started to spread out from Africa between 80,000 and 60,000 years ago,
and since then they’ve been busily migrating
all over the globe.
By 12,000 years ago, we were on all the continents
except Antarctica.
Because Antarctica is a terrible place to
live if you aren’t a penguin.
And honestly, even they seem unhappy there.
Today we’re going to look at international
migration, when people move between countries,
rather than internal migration, which refers to people moving around within their home country,
because international migration has the most
appreciable economic effect.
We’re also not going to talk about forced
migrations,
like the Atlantic Slave Trade that kidnapped
many million Africans,
and transported them to the Americas as chattel
between the 16th and 19th centuries.
We’re going to focus on voluntary migration
because people who choose to move internationally
are very often seeking economic opportunity.
In 1889, a geographer named Georg Ravenstein
wrote in his Laws of Migration,
“Bad or oppressive laws, heavy taxation,
an unattractive climate,
uncongenial social surroundings, and even
compulsion...
all have produced and are still producing
currents of migration,
but none of these currents can compare in
volume with that which arises from
the desire inherent in most men to ‘better’
themselves in material respects.”
Ravenstein was writing during the Great Atlantic
Migration,
which began in the 1840s as huge numbers of
Europeans relocated to the Americas.
Between 1880 and 1910 alone,
somewhere in the neighborhood of 17 million
Europeans arrived in the United States.
The 19th century also saw a smaller, but still significant, number of Asian immigrants arrive in the US,
mostly settling on the West Coast.
Many of them came to join in the Gold Rush
-- working as laborers in the mines.
They also worked in factories and helped build
the Transcontinental Railroad.
All this immigration was, in many ways, a
result of technological advances.
Improved transportation like steamships reduced the cost and difficulty of migrating across the Atlantic,
and the rapidly growing industries of the
United States needed workers to keep producing.
This influx of immigrants, while good for the industrial economy of the US, eventually ran into resistance.
Beginning in the late 19th century, a series
of laws were passed to restrict immigration.
By the 1930s, European immigration was severely curtailed, and Asian immigration was banned outright.
Many of these laws remained in effect until the 1960s, when new laws helped precipitate a wave of immigration.
And today, immigration's a really big deal.
Even as we’re making this video,
immigration is one of the most contentious
issues in the 2016 U.S. presidential primaries.
The executive, legislative, and judicial branches are in a three way fight about how we handle immigration.
We’re not going to give an up-to-the-minute
journalistic report on immigration policy,
but we can talk about the economic arguments
for and against.
First, and let’s just get this out of the
way,
the overwhelming majority of economists agree that immigration is a good thing for national economies.
Many, many studies indicate that increased immigration is associated with overall increases in GDP and productivity.
Opponents of immigration, however, point to some of the costs that can come along with immigration.
They point to data indicating that immigrants
with low skills are likely to remain poor,
and that some of those economic disadvantages
can be passed to their children;
that recent immigrants use a lot of social
services;
that immigration might result in short term
drops in wages
and contribute to inequality by shifting money
from labor to capital.
And the data -- it bears some of this out.
The thing is, though, these arguments don’t look at the net effects of immigration.
Let’s go to the Thought Bubble.
Harvard economist George Borjas wrote about a family of economic models he called the Immigration Surplus.
Population growth via immigration increases
the demand for goods,
which can, in the long run, lead to more hiring
and higher wages.
This can come at the cost of people who are
already working,
as inexpensive immigrant labor can drive down
wages.
But most economists point to this as a
short-term effect,
and that the overall growth in the economy driven by population growth will eventually push wages up.
So the benefits of immigration tend to not
only outweigh, but to exceed the costs.
Studies indicate this holds true, even in
cases of extreme immigration events.
Labor markets quickly adapt to inflows of
new workers.
One study looked at the effects of the Mariel
Boatlift on the labor market in Miami.
In 1980, nearly 100,000 Cuban migrants arrived in South Florida, and around 60,000 of them settled in Miami.
Despite this massive influx of labor supply,
the study found the Mariel immigration didn’t
drive down wages of native workers,
and didn’t cause widespread unemployment.
The immigrants were quickly absorbed into the workforce with negligible effects on other workers.
One of the interesting things about the immigration
surplus is that
it only accounts for benefits that accrue to citizens who already lived in the country before the immigrants arrived.
It doesn’t take into account the huge economic
benefits the immigrants themselves enjoy.
Irish workers who came to the US in the 1870s
could double their wages.
Guatemalans who immigrated to the US in the 1990s, were able to increase their incomes sixfold.
An economist named John Kennan has estimated that if immigration restrictions were eliminated worldwide
the world’s labor supply would double,
there’d be significant economic growth,
and that workers from developing countries could see their wages jump from $8,900 to more than $19,000.
Thanks Thought Bubble.
Borjas’s Immigration Surplus findings do draw a distinction between high and low skill workers.
It notes that the arrival of larger numbers of high skill workers is associated with a larger immigration surplus.
And the model also indicates that if immigrant
flows are too weighted toward unskilled workers,
the immigrant surplus will be smaller, and the growth that comes along with immigration can be slowed.
But, the surplus, in most cases, still exists.
Encouraging the immigration of high-skill
workers has other benefits as well.
Studies indicate that high-skill immigrants
are innovators.
One such study found that foreign-born entreprenuers
register about 25% of new patents in the US,
and another found that a 1998 doubling of
the quota for H1-B visas
-- which enable employers to more easily hire
high-skill foreign workers --
that led to an average 15% revenue increase
for companies that participated.
Doesn’t take an Einstein to figure maybe
you want to expand the H1-B Visa program.
One subtext to this high-skill versus low-skill
conversation here in the United States
-- and it gets to one of the most contentious
parts of the immigration debate --
is how immigrants actually get or got into
the country.
It centers on the differences between immigrants
who arrive in the U.S. via official channels,
and those that enter the country without going
through the legal documentation process.
So, what do we do with 11 million undocumented
immigrants who are already here?
Well, in 2014, the federal government deported 369,000 immigrants, 9 times as many as were expelled in 1994.
And from an economic standpoint, kicking people
out might not make the most sense.
In fact, a wide range of studies find that extending legal status to undocumented immigrants would be a net positive.
Proponents say that newly documented workers
would gain labor protections,
and would be free to pursue work that better
matches their skill-set.
As a result, on average, some economists estimate
these workers wages could rise up to 15%.
And when workers get paid more, they tend
to buy more stuff.
That increased demand, once again, leads to
more production, which leads to more hiring.
And that’s not just pie in the sky liberal
thinking.
The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office
projected in 2007
that immigration reform would bring undocumented
workers into the tax base,
and that growth in revenue would offset costs
by a ratio of two to one.
Many partisan organizations agree on this
point as well.
The liberal think tank, Center for American
Progress, estimated that
giving undocumented workers legal status could create more than 200,000 additional jobs per year.
Grover Norquist, of Americans for Tax Reform, wrote that legalizing undocumented workers would,
“free millions of those now working to move
to where their work is
most productive for themselves and the national
economy.”
And the conservative Heritage Foundation wrote
in 2006 that,
“Whether low-skilled or high-skilled, immigrants
boost national output,
enhance specialization, and provide a net
economic benefit.”
Let’s stop for a minute, and really
appreciate the rareness of this situation,
that the Center for American Progress and
the Heritage Foundation AGREE on something.
Researchers have modeled the economic effects
of different possible policy responses to
undocumented immigrants in the U.S.
-- full deportation, full legalization and
full legalization with added border control.
They found that full deportation would cut
GDP by 0.61%
and full legalization would, on the other
hand, INCREASE GDP by 0.53%.
Legalization with more border enforcement
winds up in the middle increasing GDP by 0.17%
So, if the debate over immigration were solely about economics, there wouldn’t be much of a debate.
But, as we’ve learned, the world is a complex
place.
Many immigration opponents argue that expanding
immigration is a security risk.
They argue that relaxed border enforcement can lead to more illegal items like drugs being smuggled into the country.
There’s also a strong sentiment that people shouldn’t be rewarded with citizenship for breaking the law.
But let’s go back to the broader community
of all immigrants.
Cliché as it might sound, the US really is
a nation of immigrants.
The United States has the world’s largest
total immigrant population -- at 41 million.
And sentiment in the U.S. about immigrants
is changing.
A 2015 study from the Pew Research Center found that about half of U.S. adults say immigrants strengthen the economy.
Compared to 40% who say they are a burden.
Back in 1994, that was reversed.
Nearly 2/3rds of the population then saw immigrants
as a burden.
Only 30% said they strengthened the country.
Pew also discovered that young people hold
a more positive view
of the contributions of immigrants to the
country than older generations.
Which means it’s likely, pro-immigrant sentiments
gonna keep on growing. Economically, and otherwise.
Thanks for watching. See you next week.
Thanks for watching Crash Course Economics,
which is made with the help of all these nice
people, some of whom are immigrants.
You can help keep Crash Course free for everyone,
forever by supporting the show at Patreon.
Patreon is a voluntary subscription service where you can help make the show with your monthly contribution.
And you get rewards!
Thanks for watching. Don't forget: sometimes
partisan think tanks agree!
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- [Narrator] In this
video, I'm going to show
the capabilities for
Dynamics 365 Customer Voice.
I'm going to walk through
a scenario about Emily,
who's a Global Sales
Operations Manager at Contoso
who would like to gather
feedback from her B2C customers
after they've made a purchase.
She gets started to create her
survey with Customer Voice.
Emily sees a list of
ready-to-use project templates
that include industry
best-practice survey questions,
pre-configured satisfaction metrics,
and workflows for
Dynamics 365 applications.
Noticing that the
Periodic Customer Feedback
is based on Forrester Customer Experience
Best Practice Research,
Emily wants to preview what
the project looks like.
She sees that it contains question,
as well as the fact that this template
includes an out of the
box automated workflow.
Since Emily is using Dynamics 365,
Customer Voice automatically connects her
to the Dynamics system.
She can confirm the selection
or pick another Dynamics instance
to set up the automated survey.
Based on Emily's selections,
Customer Voice automatically creates
an out of the box project
based on her selected template
that is pre-configured to
especially meet her needs.
One of the new experiences Emily notices
when she begins to customize her survey
is that she's now offered
the new functionality
of satisfaction metrics.
Wanting to measure customer
experiences consistently,
Emily opens the first metric.
She see's that it is linked
to the first question on her survey.
Emily can also setup an
alert to get notified
when the response is low.
That way, she can follow up with customers
and make sure that she resolves
issues in a timely manner
to maintain a positive relationship.
Emily then uses the power
automate integration
to automatically send the survey
out periodically over time.
She's able to review the survey results
and see email analytics,
such as how many customer open the email
or who hasn't read it yet.
Now that Emily has made
the adjustments she needs,
and her survey has been sent,
she can monitor the customer
satisfaction results
as they arrive.
She's able to see the latest data,
as well as the trends over time.
Making sure that Emily acts
fast on customer needs,
she opens the alerts page
to check out the issues.
Emily notices an alert from Dawn,
a customer she has worked with lately.
Given that Emily has
customer insights already,
she's able to open Dawn's Profile
directly on Customer Voice
embedded within the experience.
Emily can see Dawns recent activity.
She can also open the full
survey response from Dawn.
She needs to follow up
with Dawn right away
to not lose her as a customer.
Once Emily speaks with Dawn,
she updates the status on
how that conversation went
and resolve the alert
right then and there.
Emily heads to the homepage to
see how others in her company
are resolving issues.
Beyond defining metrics
for low scoring responses,
Emily can also define alerts
for positive customer responses.
Emily's peers that have
supported the happy customer
will be automatically shown
as customer champions.
Emily can give recognition
to those peers through kudos.
Through Emily's use of her new projects
and tracking metrics with alerts,
Emily can help build the culture
of customer obsession at her company.
To learn more about
Dynamics 365 Customer Voice,
go to aka.ms/CustomerVoice
and try it today.
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Hey guys and welcome to another Polymer Clay Tutorial!
Today we are going to create the Rocket from the end of season 4 from Fortnite.
In a few hours, there will be the launch of season 5 in Fortnite
and I thought it would be cool to kill some time
and the best way is to create the best thing
from the end of season 4 which would be the Rocket
from the big Rocket Launch.
And many of you also suggested that I should create this Rocket.
So, let's get started!
I even bought a new ruler, so that you can see the measurements of my creations.
The grey from the rocket is made by myself.
I just mixed it by using bright grey, black and even some silver
and tried to mix it really strong
in order to avoid any kind of patterns inside the surface
The rocket contains out of different parts
and I created them all separately and I glued them after oven hardening,
because I thought this would be the easiest way to create this rocket.
Yeah, there are many many lines on the outside of the rocket.
Some more. It's all decoration
and perhaps it all has function but I'm not that familiar
with rocket technologies.
Yeah, there are so many theories after the Rocket Launch
that happened in the game and what will happen next.
Well today I saw this mask and the Viking ax
and of course the Greasy Grove Durrr Burger
which appeared in real life I think somehow
near you guys in west California at the beach.
I have heard about that. The time travel setting which could be next.
The Wild West setting which could be next,
so there are so many theories going on right now.
I especially would love to see a Wild West setting,
because I loved Wild West movies when I was a child.
The ones with Bud Spencer and Terence Hill.
You really should look them up.
These movies with Bud Spencer and Terence if you're not familiar with them,
but who is not familiar with these two great guys?
One really great guy I missed to create on my channel is the Visitor skin.
Somehow I didn't manage to create him yet and he is still on my list,
unless there will be
new epic skins tomorrow in season 5.
Then I would prefer creating these new ones,
but it all depends on you.
So leave me in the comments if I still should create the Visitor skin
or if I should wait till tomorrow and see if there are even better skins.
Yeah, this is always a problem.
I'm sorry I haven't created this one yet.
I always try to make too much and in the end I am struggling to create all the ideas
I had in my head. This is a color gradient
for all the tubes on these tiny, let's call them tiny rockets.
Maybe it's a steam thing.
I am not sure what I'm creating right now
Yeah, there was a time when I hated this.
I hated that I had too many ideas in my head
and wanted to do so much stuff at the same time.
For example, I wanted to learn a new instrument the guitar.
I wanted to play a new game. I invented a new game.
I started a new type of sports
and this was always a struggle in my life.
Maybe you're also familiar with that when your very interested in too many things,
especially when I was in school, I had the feeling that this was not very welcome
and not appreciated.
But now that I have grown up and I make a living with creativity
I love this part of myself.
Still I'm not finishing everything I start.
For example, I took some guitar lessons last year,
but somehow I didn't manage to continue it.
Maybe I will in the future.
But this is who I am and this is a part of myself
and I can't believe it took me so long,
years to accept this part and now I'm really happy with that.
So I want to encourage you to accept all parts of yourself
and you never know for what you will need this
maybe in the future and then you 'll appreciate that, as well.
So back to the creation.
The top of the rocket was really difficult to create.
Not these tubes and not these red lights,
but the silver ring on the plate was really difficult and we are ready to go into the oven.
Freshly baked segments of the Rocket!
And now we start painting a lot.
Take a very thin black pen
for the pattern.
The chess pattern, is it called chess pattern?
Well, it looks like a chessboard at least.
And after that, we need some more color.
I'm taking acrylic paint
because it is really thick and can be seen quite well on the surface of clay.
Some blue as well. I was not sure if the color was purple or blue for this ring on top.
Maybe I should have created it out of clay,
but I forgot about that part before oven hardening.
So I go with acrylic paint.
Now the last details
for the head of the Rocket.
Of course I forgot the tubes.
Creating that extra as well and we go on we can glue this silver ring on top.
That's it for the head of the rocket.
Now the next part. This is the middle part of the rocket.
Maybe there is a specific term for that.
Rocket body?
So some more painting.
There are some red signs I haven't found any great images to see
what this is for a red sign,
but well I didn't care, just made this sign.
And also this is the third part of the rocket.
Using a grey pen.
I wanted to make it look a bit used and some more details and damages
because damages always look really interesting.
If it is too clean, it looks too boring.
Now we also try to get some dirt
right on the engine and I'm taking the biggest black pen
I found in my box.
This is from all the fire.
And now some silver outline to highlight the engines
and the shape of the engines
and now we can glue it with superglue together!
We finished the assembling part and now we need some wire, some aluminum wire.
This will be the stand for all the smoke of the rocket
and I thought it would just look cool.
Using my hand drill.
It would just look amazing and cool if the rocket would fly with some wool.
So we take some wool there
for fire flames coming right out of the engines.
And I took some white wool and some yellow,
but you can also go just with the white wool and use some yellow acrylic paint.
And now this is a lot of white grey wool.
And we will stick it onto the wire of our stand
and I really try to get it into shape
so that it looks like
as if it was coming out of the engines of the Rocket.
And now we will glue these four flames to the side of the rocket
right into the engine.
Number two. And also the last two parts.
And the last one.
And maybe we add some more red wool to the engines
and this is the last working step.
Guys, I guess that's it. The Rocket!
From season 4.
I'm really excited about tomorrow.
About the launch of season five in Fortnite.
As soon as it is out
please write to me as many ideas as possible
what I should create. Is it a new skin? Is it a new map?
Is it another rocket? Who knows?
Just write it in the comments.
I'm also very looking forward to read your opinion on this creation.
I guess that's it for today!
Thanks a lot for watching! See you on Friday. Take care. Bye!
Too much smoke. No, I don't smoke. No!
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Hi, my name is Brian Pomeroy, I'm a sergeant
with the West Springfield Police Department.
I've been a police officer for 21 years.
I am currently an adjunct faculty member in
the criminal justice program at Elms College.
One of the classes I teach is Policing in
America.
In this class you'll learn an intro to policing,
where policing has been, and where policing
is going in the future, including bringing
current events into the subject matter and
how police officers deal with what's happening
in the world today.
In my class from time to time I'll have guest
speakers come in who specialize in the topic
that we are currently covering.
This gives students a chance to ask questions
and hear firsthand from somebody who is considered
an expert in their field.
One of the strengths of the Elms program is
the faculty members are currently involved
in the field of criminal justice and we can
get firsthand knowledge of how the criminal
justice system is today, as opposed to yesterday.
The small class sizes give us a chance to
get to know the students one-on-one and we
can answer questions that help direct the
students toward the career that they choose.
As a faculty member, I'm willing to speak with
students who are interested in
a career in policing. With my experience with the
police academy,
I can answer questions about how to get into the police academy, or what to expect
from the academy experience.
I've also had students do a ride along with
me, and this
gives students a better understanding of what policing is, and may help them
make a decision if policing is actually a career they want to pursue.
Whether you're interested in a career as a
police officer or a sheriff, I encourage
you to look into the Elms College criminal
justice program.
You won't regret it.
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Hello
My name is Thales Sehn Körting and I will
present very breafly how the kNN algorithm
works
kNN means k nearest neighbors
It's a very simple algorithm, and given N
training vectors, suppose we have all these
'a' and 'o' letters as training vectors in
this bidimensional feature space, the kNN
algorithm identifies the k nearest neighbors
of 'c'
'c' is another feature vector that we want
to estimate its class
In this case it identifies the nearest neighbors
regardless of labels
So, suppose this example we have k equal to
3, and we have the classes 'a' and 'o'
And the aim of the algorithm is to find the
class for 'c'
If k is 3 we have to find the 3 nearest neighbors
of 'c'
So, we can see that in this case the 3 nearest
neighbors of 'c' are these 3 elements here
We have 1 nearest neighbor of class 'a', we
have 2 elements of the class 'o' which are
near to 'c'
We have 2 votes for 'o' and 1 vote for 'a'
In this case, the class of the element 'c'
is going to be 'o'
This is very simple how the algorithm k nearest
neighbors works
Now, this is a special case of the kNN algorithm,
is that when k is equal to 1
So, we must try to find the nearest neighbor
of the element that will define the class
And to represent this feature space, each
training vector will define a region in this
feature space here
And a property that we have is that each region
is defined by this equation
We have a distance between each element x
and x_i, that have to be smaller than the
same distance for each other element
In this case it will define a Voronoi partition
of the space, and can be defined, for example,
this element 'c' and these elements 'b', 'e'
and 'a' will define these regions, very specific
regions
This is a property of the kNN algorithm when
k is equal to 1
We define regions 1, 2, 3 and 4, based on
the nearest neighbor rule
Each element that is inside this area will
be classified as 'a', as well as each element
inside this area will be classified as 'c'
And the same for the region 2 and region 3,
for classes 'e' and 'b' as well
Now I have just some remarks about the kNN
We have to chose and odd value of k if you
have a 2-class problem
This happens because when we have a 2-class
and if we set k equal to 2, for example, we
can have a tie
What will be the class?
The majority class inside the nearest neighbors?
So, we have always to set odd values for a
2-class problem
And also the value of k must not be a multiple
of the number of classes, it is also to avoid
ties
And we have to remember that the main drawback
of this algorithm is the complexity in searching
the nearest neighbors for each sample
The complexity is a problem because we have
lots of elements, in the case of a big dataset
we will have lots of elements
And we will have to search the distance between
each element to the element that we want to
classify
So, for a large dataset, this can be a problem
Anyhow, this kNN algorithm produces good results
So, this is the reference I have used to prepare
this presentation
Thanks for your attention, and this is very
breafly how the kNN algorithm works
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Consider steady-state, fully developed flow
in a pipe where the flow is in the x-direction.
So because it is steady state du/dt=0, because
it is fully developed du/dx=0, and what that
means is we have no local or convector acceleration.
Therefore newtons second law simplifies to
the sum of the forces equal 0.
Instead of mass times acceleration.
So lets look at a fluid element, and do a
force balance on it, and again we are assuming
steady state, and fully developed flow.
So we have our pressure force p1 times pi*r^2
on this surface.
On this surface we have p1 minus delta p or
the change in pressure times pi*r^2.
So there is our normal forces.
We also have our tangential force, which is
our shear stress, and this is tau times 2pirL,
and one thing you need to be careful of are
these areas, because this is a tangential
force the area that it is acting on is 2*pi*r*L,
as were the normal forces are acting on the
cross-section area of the pipe.
So when we sum these forces, p1*pi*r^2 minus
and this is minus because it is in the negative
x-direction.
(p1-delta p)pi*r^2 minus, and again it is
minus because of the coordinate system, tau
times 2pi*r*L. This equals 0.
So if we divided through by pi*r^2 and we
simplify it we end up with delta p minus 2*tau*L
over r equals 0.
Or delta p per length equals 2*tau divided
by r.
Now lets look at the pipe wall.
At the pipe wall r equals D divided by 2,
and our tau is our shear stress at the wall.
So we can then say that delta p equals 4*L
times the shear stress at the wall divided
by D. So here is a relationship between the
shear stress at the wall, and our pressure
drop.
Now we can go further.
Remember that tau equals minus mu du/dr.
The reason it is negative is because tau is
greater then 0 when du/dr is less then 0,
which is the case as the velocity decreases
from the center.
So putting this together we can write du/dr
equals negative delta p divided by 2 times
mu, times L all times r, and you will end
up with our u of r equals minus delta p over
4*mu*L) all times r^2 plus C1.
So in order to solve for that C1 we need a
boundary condition.
In other words we need to relate u to some
r.
So one of the things we could say is what
happens when r=0.
When r=0 it is a maximum.
So du/dr equals 0, but if we try and put that
in to our equation it is not going to help
us solve for C1.
So instead what we say is that r=D/2 u=0,
and that is because of the no slip condition.
So lets put those boundary conditions in.
So u equals 0, equals negative delta p over
4*mu*L, and now D^2 over 4 plus C1.
This then allows us to solve for C1.
C1 equals delta p*D^2 over 16*mu times the
L. Next we put that in our equation for u
of r, and that equals minus delta p over 4*mu*L
times r^2 plus delta p*D^2 over 16*mu*L. So
we are going to divided by delta p*D^2 over
16*mu*L. So if we do that.
If we divided this through and we get u of
r equals delta p*D^2 divided by 16*mu*L*(1-4*r^2/D^2)
or we can write this as delta p*D^2 over 16*mu*L*(1-(2r/D)^2),
and when r equals 0 we get the center line
velocity Vc, which is delta p*D^2 over 16*mu*L
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Morning Meditation for Positive Energy and Success | Use Daily for 30 Days! (Guided Meditation) Law Of Attraction The Secret LOA Your Youniverse Manifestation Meditation
begin by taking in a few deep energizing
breaths inhale deeply and exhale slowly
in a rhythmic and calm fashion and just
concentrate on your breathing
with each breath taking the air your
body needs and become filled with
lifeforce energy and vitality and with
each exhale release any tension or
fatigue that you may be experiencing and
just breathe those breaths all the way
out for the next few moments just focus
on your breathing
and concentrate on breathing and
positive energy and positive feelings
and letting go of any negative feelings
as you breathe out
as you continue to breathe rhythmically
you only have to be still in this moment
and since a subtle vibration of energy
beginning to course through your body
moving slowly from your feet to your
head and then from your head back down
to your feet
feel this energy beginning to awaken
every cell organ and muscle in your body
and how it brings your mind body and
spirit into total alignment you may even
be able to notice a warm or tingling
sensation as it moves through you
breathe in and welcome these sensations
into your body to rejuvenate and
revitalize you
bill how this energy branches out into
your shoulders upper arms forearms hands
and fingers filling them with positive
energy
you may even want to begin moving or
stretching your arms and hands just a
bit to feel the energy that is being
infused within them making them feel
alive and vibrant
feel the warmth of this energy also
moving up your neck and into your face
radiating these areas with positive
energetic vibrations
feel the spreading of this positive
energy going into the top of your head
"Morning Meditation" for "Positive Energy" and "Success" | "Use Daily" for "30 Days"! ("Guided Meditation") "Law Of Attraction" "The Secret" "LOA" "Your Youniverse" "Manifestation Meditation"
glowing and giving you a sense of
positivity liveliness and awakening your
mind with fresh ideas for the day
feel how it energizes your back and
torso awakening and revitalizing them
feel this positive energy spreading into
your hips thighs calves feet and toes
making them feel alive with energy
you
you may even want to move or stretch
your legs and feet just a bit to feel
the alertness that is beginning to take
them over
as this energy rejuvenates your body in
your mind visualize how it begins to
accumulate within you filling every area
of your body shining within you like the
bright Sun
your whole body is now filled with
positive healing revitalizing energy
allow it to flow freely through your
body growing stronger and stronger with
each breath you take fully awakening
each muscle in your body
feel how light and peaceful your mind
and body feel in this moment and how
centered grounded and supported you are
as you prepare to start your day
notice a new clarity and alertness
within your mind and new vitality in
your body
and allow this positive energy to truly
awaken your soul
and feel yourself waking up becoming
wide-awake
and energetic as you allow this energy
to grow more and more energetic and
alive
allow yourself to begin experiencing the
feelings of anticipation and excitement
for the day ahead and notice how this
energy continues to flood every part of
you with positivity
become aware of how your body feels in
this moment feel your breathing as each
breath moves in and out of your body
feel the gentle movements your body
makes as the air moves it with each
breath you take
since how you can feel calm and relaxed
but energized at the same time and feel
your body getting ready to move wanting
to move eager to start the day so filled
"Morning Meditation" for "Positive Energy" and "Success" | "Use Daily" for "30 Days"! ("Guided Meditation") "Law Of Attraction" "The Secret" "LOA" "Your Youniverse" "Manifestation Meditation"
with energy and motivation for what you
are going to create in your life today
and now use your mind to encourage the
energy within you to increase
become aware of how when you just think
about this positive energy increasing it
does so through the vehicle of your
thought and as it does you become more
and more energetic more awake more alert
ready to go
now concentrate on the feeling deep
inside the core of your body
a feeling of energy a feeling of
motivation a feeling of personal power a
feeling of excitement a feeling of
confidence a feeling of creativity and
success focus on the spilling intently
you may notice it at the center of your
body near your stomach
once again use your mind to encourage
this feeling to grow getting bigger and
bigger and brighter and brighter within
you
this positive energy within you can grow
without any effort at all with just your
thought it grows easily and naturally
within you until you sense a buzzing
electric positive energy filling every
part of you
it gives power to your hopes and your
dreams and it infuses you with courage
and motivation to make those dreams your
reality
it permeates your mind and causes it to
be perfectly aligned with creating the
day that you desire your intentions for
the day become clear you know what you
want to create and have an immense sense
of purpose growing stronger and stronger
within you
and now the synergy causes you to want
to move so you can bring your plans into
reality through the use of your body
and you realize that moving your body
would feel completely effortless
your body feels light powerful free and
energized in fact it anticipates the
moment when it can start to move when
you give it the cue for motion
your mind is ready to think positively
and productively your body is ready to
act in successful ways they both are
ready to move you into excellence at
your command as the possibilities for
this day are just beginning to unfold
concentrate on this feeling allow it to
grow until it's so powerful you feel
unstoppable until you feel anything you
do this day will be accomplished with
purpose and ease and you know that the
next 24 hours are a journey to be filled
with excitement and wonder vo how lucky
you feel to embark on this day and share
your gifts and talents with the world
and begin to get a sense of the world
around you and how it is eagerly
awaiting you to move out into it and
ready to assist you with all of your
successes feel how wonderful it is to be
so energized supported motivated and
comfortable and now you are ready to
take on the day ahead feeling powerful
calm and totally alert enjoy your day
Morning Meditation for Positive Energy and Success | Use Daily for 30 Days! (Guided Meditation) Law Of Attraction The Secret LOA Your Youniverse Manifestation Meditation
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Clint Eastwood Stayed Silent For Over 60 Years,
Finally Shares Heart Wrenching Story
Clint Eastwood has stayed silent and taken
his lumps for over 60 years. Finally, he has
decided to reveal the truth.
Clint Eastwood is a well-known icon of American
entertainment, but the Hollywood legend has
an incredible story that most people don’t
know. The veteran actor and filmmaker who
has risen to international fame was born in
1930 during the Great Depression to a modest
background. His father was a migrant worker
while his mother worked in a factory. But,
there’s so much more to his story.
Eastwood weighed in at an astonishing 11.59
pounds at birth, which was considered a medical
anomaly back then. He eventually grew to be
6 feet 2 inches tall and was drafted into
the United States Army during the Korean War,
according to Wikipedia. But, what many don’t
know is that, at 21 years old, Eastwood was
a passenger on a World War II-era Naval aircraft
that crashed in the Pacific.
“I was catching a free ride from Seattle
down to Almeda,” Eastwood said of the flight.
“It was stormy and we went down off of Point
Reyes, California, in the Pacific. I found
myself in the water swimming a few miles towards
the shore. I remember thinking, ‘well, 21
is not as long as a person wants to live.'”
The award-winning actor and director spent
several hours in the Pacific, where he swam
his way through beds of kelp before reaching
shore and climbing up a cliff to radio for
help. The experience may have prepared him
to direct his film, “Sully: Miracle on the
Hudson,” which chronicles the final moments
of US Airways Flight 1549 and the dramatic
aftermath, according to The Telegraph.
“Though he says that these events didn’t
particularly figure in his decision to make
the film, it did give him a unique insight
both into the experiences of the passengers
and crew, and the vital split-second decisions
of Captain Chesley ‘Sully’ Sullenberger
– decisions that were later challenged by
the authorities, much to Eastwood’s annoyance,”
the Telegraph reported.
“I suppose having been in a similar situation
as the pilot, I would have chanced a water
landing rather than go someplace where there’s
no runway,” Eastwood said. “And of course,
Sully was familiar with that area,” he continued,
speaking of the quick-thinking pilot, Captain
Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger, who made
an important, split-second decision to land
on the Hudson.
Although the heroic pilot successfully left
the 155 passengers aboard his flight virtually
unscathed, thanks to his skilled yet controversial
landing after a bird-strike destroyed both
of the aircraft’s engines, his choice to
land in the water was shockingly contested
by authorities.
“He knew where the helicopter ports and
ferryboats were, so he picked the right spot,
where everyone could get to them fast. It
wouldn’t be like being out in the middle
of the ocean,” Eastwood added of Sully,
who’s played by star Tom Hanks in the film.
“He knew that somebody would see them.”
Although Sully’s landing was undeniably
miraculous, it’s what happened to Sullenberger
after the crash that truly inspired Eastwood.
“Anybody who keeps their wits about them
when things are going wrong, who can negotiate
problems without panicking, is someone of
superior character, and interesting to watch
on film,” Eastwood said. “But for me,
the real conflict came after, with the investigative
board questioning his decisions, even though
he had saved so many lives.”
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Καλώς ήρθατε
στην μέρα 16.
Το να βιώνουμε την αφθονία είναι ο
πιο αποτελεσματικός τρόπος να προσεγγίσουμε την ψυχή μας.
Όταν νιώθουμε ευγνωμοσύνη,
παραμερίζουμε το εγώ μας και απολαμβάνουμε
περισσότερη αγάπη, συμπόνια και
κατανόηση.
Η γενική ευγνωμοσύνη είναι επίσης ένας από τους πιο
ισχυρούς τρόπους για να προσκαλέσουμε
περισσότερη καλοσύνη στην ζωή μας. Είναι σαν να λέμε
στο Σύμπαν παρακαλώ φέρε μου
περισσότερη ευγνωμοσύνη ανεξάρτητα από
τις καταστάσεις και τα πρόσωπα.
Μόλις συνδεθείτε με αυτήν την εσωτερική χαρά
αισθάνεστε ευτυχία χωρίς λόγο.
Είστε χαρούμενοι απλά που είστε ζωντανοί και ατενίζετε τα Αστέρια,
εκτιμώντας το θαύμα της ζωής.
Νιώστε την χαρά και την ευγωμοσύνη,
αναλογιζόμενοι όλα τα υπέροχα δώρα που
απολαμβάνετε στην ζωή. Δώστε τροφή
σε όλες τις σχέσεις αγάπης που σας συνδέουν
με ιδιαίτερα πλάσματα.
Το θαύμα του σώματός σας και του γόνιμου μυαλού σας
καθώς και τις υλικές ανέσεις. Εκτιμώντας
την ζωή σας με αυτόν τον τρόπο, καθαρίζονται όλες οι σκέψεις
έλλειψης ή περιορισμού και
και σας υπενθυμίζουν τα θετικά στοιχεία που
σας περιβάλλουν.
Συνειδητοποιείτε ότι όλα όσα
βιώνετε είναι ένα δώρο. Καθώς προχωράτε
στο πεδίο της ευγνωμοσύνης παρατηρείστε
την θαλπωρή, την αγάπη, την συμπόνια και την αίσθηση
της σύνδεσης που μπαίνει στην καρδιά σας. Βρείτε
την γαλήνη και έχετε επίγνωση πως υπάρχει ένα θεϊκό σχέδιο.
Προχωρώντας μπροστά στο
μονοπάτι της εξέλιξης συνειδητοποιείστε τον σπόρο της
καλοσύνης σε κάθε περίπτωση και αγκαλιάστε
κάθε στιγμή της ζωής σας σαν μία
ευκαιρία για να εξελιχθείτε σε ένα πλάσμα με αγάπη
και ευγνωμοσύνη. Σκεφτείτε τα άπειρα
πράγματα που εκτιμάτε στην ζωή σας.
Αποθηκεύστε τα πολλά δώρα της ζωής σας.
Με το να εκφράζεται την ευγνωμοσύνη ανοίγετε
τον δρόμο για περισσότερη αφθονία.
Είναι σίγουρο πως λέγοντας ευχαριστώ για όλα όσα
έχετε και δεσμευόμενοι να ζείτε την
ζωή σας με εκτίμηση, η αφθονία
θα ρέει προς εσάς. Αυτή είναι
η ελκτική δύναμη της ευγνωμοσύνης.
Καθώς προετοιμαζόμαστε για τον σημερινό διαλογισμό,
ας στρέψουμε την προσοχή μας στην καρδιά,
αναλογιζόμενοι την φράση της ημέρας.
«Σήμερα θυμάμαι να είμαι ευγνώμων.» «Σήμερα θυμάμαι
να είμαι ευγνώμων.».
Ας ξεκινήσουμε:
Βρείτε μια αναπαυτική θέση,
ακουμπήστε τα χέρια σας απαλά στην αγκαλιά σας
και κλείστε τα μάτια σας.
Αυτή την στιγμή πηγαίνετε σε αυτό το μέρος
της εσωτερικής γαλήνης όπου βιώνουμε
την σύνδεση με τον ανώτερο εαυτό μας.
Αφήστε όλες τις σκέψεις και αρχίστε να παρατηρείτε
την εισπνοή και εκπνοή σας.
Με κάθε εισπνοή και εκπνοή
αφεθείτε και νιώστε πιο ήρεμοι,
πιο άνετοι και πιο εν ειρήνη.
Στρέψτε την προσοχή σας στην καρδιά,
και απαλά βυθιστείτε στο Μάντρα. Επαναλάβετε
νοητά και αφήστε να ρέει μέσα σας αβίαστα.
"Ομ Βαρντανάμ Ναμά".
"Ομ Βαρντανάμ Ναμά".
Θρέφω το Σύμπαν και το Σύμπαν θρέφει εμένα.
"Ομ Βαρντανάμ Ναμά".
Κάθε φορά που η προσοχή σας αποσπάται
από σκέψεις ή
θορύβους του περιβάλλοντος χώρου,
απλά επιστρέψτε νοητά στο Μάντρα.
"Ομ Βαρντανάμ Ναμά".
Συνεχίστε με τον διαλογισμό σας
Θα κρατήσω χρόνο και θα ακούσετε
ένα κουδούνισμα που υποδυκνείει
πως είναι ώρα να αφήσετε το Μάντρα
"Ομ Βαρντανάμ Ναμά". "Ομ Βαρντανάμ Ναμά".
Είναι η στιγμή να αφήσετε το Μάντρα
και να επιστρέψετε στην επίγνωση του σώματός σας.
Ξεκουραστείτε, αναπνεύστε
και εκπνεύστε αργά και βαθιά.
Όταν νιώσετε έτοιμοι ανοίξτε τα μάτια σας.
Στην συνέχεια της μέρας σας
κρατήστε την βαθιά αίσθηση της ευγωμοσύνης
και να σκέφτεστε την φράση της ημέρας:
«Σήμερα θυμάμαι να είμαι ευγνώμων».
«Σήμερα θυμάμαι να είμαι ευγνώμων».
«Σήμερα θυμάμαι να είμαι ευγνώμων».
namaste
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(upbeat pop music)
- Who let the dogs out?
General Assembly let the dogs out,
the digital dogs.
That probably wasn't a very
good promotion for them, was it?
Has your dog ever seemed to
know exactly how you're feeling?
I know mine has.
As far as anyone knows,
dogs don't have eerie supernatural powers.
There is a scientific explanation
for most of the things dogs can sense.
Often, that explanation has
to do with a dog's nose,
its number one way of
understanding the world.
Combined with its other heightened sense,
the amazing canine schnoz
gives it the ability
to detect some things way
before their human companions.
- The odd signs, he would come up
and touch my breast with his nose
and back off, so desperately unhappy
with such a sad look in his eyes.
I was looking in the
mirror in the bedroom here
and I looked across in
the mirror at Max's eyes,
he was on the bed as he is now,
and I knew it was cancer.
- Cancer studies show that dogs can detect
at least some kinds of cancer.
Properly-trained pooches can
detect lung and breast cancer
just by sniffing biochemical
markers in a person's breath.
- [Woman] I love Max so
much and I owe him so much.
- Cancer cells give off
different waste products
that create a noticeable odor
for the keen noses of dogs.
At their 2014 annual meeting,
members of the American
Neurological Association
heard the results of a study that found
that trained dogs are 98% accurate
at detecting prostate cancer
by smelling urine samples.
- Sissy was all excited
and she's making these whiny
little happy whiny noises
and just all excited to see me.
And I said, "Did you
sneak this dog in here?"
She said, "No, she snuck
herself in here, Mom."
(upbeat pop music)
- Honeybees are vital, and
not just for their honey,
they pollenate food crops.
In recent years, there's
been a serious decline
in the honeybee population.
And among the biggest culprits
are bacteria called American foulbrood.
- [Voiceover] The disease leaves behind
a very contagious spore
that infects all the combs,
all the woodenware, any equipment
that it comes in contact with.
- The bacteria's spores quickly spread
from beehive to beehive,
killing the larvae.
Inspecting beehives for bacteria
is a time-consuming job.
A human bee inspector might take
a full day to inspect 50 beehives.
But what about canines?
A well-trained dog can inspect
up to 100 beehives in less than an hour!
- [Voiceover] This is Kira.
She can sense when I'm having
a nightmare, night sweats.
I'm a diabetic.
She can sense when my sugar
levels are outta whack.
- People with insulin-dependent diabetes
can suffer from dramatic swings
in their level of blood glucose.
- At first, I thought it was
because she wanted attention.
And then I discovered she was trying
to remove me from the situation.
- Often, they can't tell
when they're about to
have a severe drop in blood sugar.
So, over the years, some diabetic people
and those who work with them
have noticed that dogs
seem to be able to sense
when blood sugar levels are low
or about to drop dangerously.
- She senses the chemical
changes in my body.
Animals know more about body language
than we ever will, I'm afraid.
- It seems the canines'
super-sensitive nose
can smell chemical changes
in a person's breath and skin
caused by rapid changes
in blood sugar levels.
- I've often said that
we didn't train the dogs
to protect those Army airfields
or those ammunition storage areas.
We trained the dog to protect the handler.
So, what the government did is
they put me in a dangerous situation,
but then they gave me
the dog to protect me.
And we survived.
(upbeat pop music)
- When Henry's at home,
he's part of our family
and he plays with Leo,
does all the fun things
that a boy and his dog would do.
But he knows that once
the jacket comes on,
once his service therapy vest goes on,
he becomes all business.
- Many people with epilepsy
and other conditions
rely on seizure response dogs.
These dogs can alert parents
when a child has a seizure
or use a special alert
device to call for help.
They can even guard a
person having a seizure
or roll the person into a position
in which he or she can breathe.
- [Voiceover] If something
was wrong with Leo,
Henry would not only
alert me to come over,
but he would physically lay on Leo
to have body contact, to let him know,
"Hey buddy, you're not in this alone."
- Some dogs can also sense a seizure
as much as 10 or 20 minutes
before the seizure happens.
Now, scientists aren't entirely
sure what the dogs sense.
It may be a combination
of changes in the blood,
body chemistry or temperature.
Or perhaps the canines'
detail-oriented vision
detects small changes in
the person's movements.
However it works, the dog's warning
can alert the person in
time to get to a safe place,
take medication, and/or let others know
that he or she might soon need help.
(dog barking)
(dog barking)
Is it true that dogs can sense fear?
The answer is yes, if you
don't get too literal.
A dog can't read you mind,
but it can smell what happens
in your body when you're afraid.
Humans sweat when we're stressed.
And if we're frightened, our
bodies release adrenaline.
(loud thump on door)
(man screams)
Our blood starts pumping
faster and we emit pheromones
or chemical molecules that
float through the air.
(man shrieks)
(man screams)
♫ Wanna swing from the chandelier ♫
Dogs can smell all these
fear-triggered responses.
And dogs also notice visual nuances,
the details of a scene better than humans.
If you're afraid, a dog will know
through smells and visual hints.
And these are just five
of the amazing things
that dogs can sense before you do.
So, the next time your pup
seems a little out of sorts,
pay attention because he just might
know something that you don't.
And huge shoutout to General Assembly
for letting us shoot in
their beautiful space.
And if you're interest in digital media,
you need to head on over to GA.co.
(tapdancing on floor)
- [Voiceover] And cut.
(people laugh)
- [Voiceover] My damn Christmas balls!
Denver, when are you gonna
stop getting at these things?
Come on now, Mommy's
gonna have a heart attack.
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Gell-mann below but can you do this?
So graphic for my dude what the hacking commence
I would hide the evidence. All right
One deer right
My god
Bye-bye. It's Lia win. Come here boy. You want a tape of my game only you want to tale in my game?
Out of here cheating second
Yeah, yeah
Yeah, get king rekt, I'm sorry, I'm sorry don't hurt me
I'll say I've been dying to some really skilled athletes lately
Some room some high tier players
it's been it's been it's been a blast honestly like a
Lot of these players that can we I think they have a lot of potential to be professional
ESports athletes in the game of for now. It's just dripping dripping scale left and right
Oh
Yo Yanni I survived
No, you-you-you literally add somebody please give the clip of that. Oh my god, this game is garbage
I'm gonna land on up on the land on them
Saudi people like
There's nothing everybody call me Big Pimpin, mr. Plane
baby white flows on me miss
clean
No, come to me come to me come to me
How many right on me right on me right on me gotcha, bitch
What's up, dog? Yeah suck my peen
One thing to do
Ladies and gentlemen, we got him
How much is Shawn
Might nope. I said, yeah you're in that place Asian life. How's it going down there?
Oh my gosh
Let's go check
Try me beat
The hell's going on over there, oh, what's up
I did it again, man. Oh, I did it again
It's my friend's birthday him you say happy birthday Rachel. Yeah eat happy birthday Rachel. Yeah
Use it or no
Yo, bro, I think I'm dead
You're pretty high up. Oh
No, I'm a battler I'm the best in the game. Oh, oh what oh,
My god, dude, no man, that was such a good play building it up. Look at how aggressive he is folks
Wearing his Khalil Mac outfit these builds so clean he accidentally pre-edited floor and now tim panicking cuz he has no clue
It is biggest moment of his career
Move seem to you how many sloppy 40
Oh
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PROFESSOR: So
angular momentum, we
need to deal with
angular momentum,
and the inspiration
for it is classical.
We have L is r cross p.
Classically.
So let's try to just
use that information
and write the various operators.
And in fact, we're
lucky in this case.
The operators that we
would write inspired
by the classical definition
are good operators
and will do the job.
So what do we have?
Lx, if you remember
the cross-product rule,
that would be y Pz minus z Py.
Now you can think of
this thing as a cyclic,
like a circle when you have x
and Px, y and Py, and z and Pz.
Things are cyclically symmetric.
There's no real difference
between this core.
And so you can go
cyclically here.
So you say, let's go
cyclical on this index.
Ly is equal to the next
cyclic to y in that direction
is z Px minus x Pz.
And Lz is equal to
x Py minus y Px.
And these things, I'll think
of them as the operators.
Let's put hats to everything.
The first thing I can
wonder with a little bit
of trepidation is maybe
I got the ordering wrong.
Should I have written--
here classically,
you put r cross p,
and then the order of these
two terms doesn't matter.
Does it matter
quantum mechanically?
Happily, it doesn't matter
because y and Pz commute.
z and Py commute,
so you could even
have written them the other
way, and they are good.
All of them are ambiguous.
You could have even
written them the other way,
and they would be fine.
But now these are operators.
And moreover, they are
Hermitian operators.
Hermitian.
Let's see.
Lx dagger.
Well, the dagger
of two operators
you would do Pz
dagger y hat dagger--
recall the dagger
changes the order--
minus Py dagger z dagger.
Now, p and x's are all
for Hermitian operators,
so this is Pz y minus Py z.
And we use, again, that y and
Pz commute, and z and Py commute
to put it back in
the standard form.
And that's, again, Lx.
So it is an Hermitian operator.
And so is Ly and Lz.
That means these
operators are observables.
That's all you need for the
operator to be an observable.
And that's a very good thing.
So these operators
are observables.
Li's are observable.
But they're funny properties.
With these operators,
they're not
all that simple in some ways.
So next we have these operators.
Whenever you have
quantum operators,
the thing you do next is compute
their commutators Just like we
did with x and p, we wanted to
know what that commutator is.
We want to know what is the
commutator of this L operator.
So we'll do Lx with Ly.
Try to compute the commutators.
So Lx is y Pz.
Let me forget the hat,
so basically minus z Py.
And Ly is z Px minus x Pz.
Here is a y.
The y commutes with everything
here, so the y doesn't get.
The Pz gets stuck with the z
and doesn't care about this.
So this term just
talks to that term.
And here the z Py, the Py
doesn't care about anybody
here, but this z, well,
doesn't care about that z,
but it does care about this Pz.
So the only
contribution, there could
have been four terms out of
this commutator, but only two
are relevant.
So let's write them down.
y Pz with z Px and minus,
it's a plus z Py x Pz.
Well, you can start
peeling off things.
You can think of this as a
single operator with this too,
and it will fail to
commit with the first.
So you have y Pz z Px.
That's all this commutator gets.
And the same thing here.
This fails to commute just
with Pz, so the x can go out,
x z Py Pz.
And then here the y
actually can go out,
doesn't care about this
z, goes out on the left.
Not that it matters
much here, but that's
how using the commutator
identities does.
And this Py can go out and
let's go out on the right, z Pz.
And basing this
on this identity,
we just have A BC
commutator and then
AB C commutators, how
things distribute.
Now, this is minus i h
bar, and this is i h bar.
So here we get i h
bar x Py minus y Px.
See everything came out
in the right position.
And you recognize
that operator as Lz.
So this commutator
here has given you
Lx with Ly equal i h bar Lz.
It's a very interesting
and fascinating property
that somehow you're
doing this commutator,
it could have been
a mess, but it
combined to give you another
angular momentum operator.
Now, it looks like a
miracle, but physically,
it's not that miraculous.
It actually has to do with
the concept of symmetry.
Symmetry transformations.
If you have a symmetry
transformation
and you do commutators within
those symmetry operators,
you must get an operator that
corresponds to that symmetry,
or you must get a symmetry
at the very least.
So if we say that the potential
has very close symmetry,
that suggests that
when you do operations
with these operators
that generate rotation,
you should get
some rotation here.
And alternatively,
although, again,
this is suggestive, it
can be made very precise,
when you do rotations
in different order,
you don't get the
same thing at the end.
Everybody knows
if you have a page
and you do one rotation
and then the other
as opposed to the other
and then the first one,
you don't get the same thing.
Rotations do not commute.
A single rotation does
commute in one direction,
but rotations in different
directions don't commute.
That is the reason
for this equation.
And this equation, as we
said, everything is cyclic.
so you don't have to
work again to argue
that then Ly Lz, going cyclic,
must be equal to i h bar Lx.
And that Lz Lx
must be i h bar Ly.
And this is called the quantum
algebra of angular momentum.
In fact, it is so important
that this algebra appears
in all fields of
physics and mathematics,
and all kinds of things show up.
This algebra is related to
the algebra of generators
of the group SU2, Special
Unitary Transformations in Two
Dimensions.
It is related to
the orthogonal group
in three dimensions
where you rotate things
in three-dimensional space.
It is here, the algebra of
operators and in a sense,
it's a deeper result
than the derivation.
It is one of those cases when
you start with something very
concrete and you suddenly
discover a structure
that is rather universal.
Because we started with very
concrete representation of L's
in terms of y P's
and all these things.
But then they form a
consistent unit by themselves.
So sometimes there
will be operators
that satisfy these
relations, and they
don't come from x's and P's,
but still they satisfy that.
And that's what happens
with spin angular momentum.
The spin angular
momentum operators will
be denoted with Sx,
for example, and Sy
will have i h bar spin
in the z direction,
and the others will follow.
But nevertheless
nobody will ever
be able to write spin
as something like that
because it's not,
but spin exists.
And it's because
this structure is
more general than the situation
that allowed us to discover it.
It's a lot more general
and a lot more profound.
So in fact, mathematicians don't
even mention angular momentum.
They say, let's study.
The subject of Lie
algebra is the subject
of classifying all possible
consistent commutation
relations.
And this is the first
non-trivial example they have,
and they studied the
books on this algebra.
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Origami Snail Tutorial
Design: Eric Gjerde
You will need: 1 sheet of square paper
Used: 9.75 x 9.75 inches
Use thin paper with a different colour on each side.
Please give the video a like and subscribe ♥︎
This is a quick overview of Ioana Stoian's book 'The Origami Garden', which features lots of lovely models from different designers, this book is great for spring.
This book has useful skill level ratings with a nice balance of easy, intermediate and more advanced models, with a total of 41 models included.
The book itself is high quality paper with a durable cover, the photos are lovely and the diagrams are very clear and easy to follow.
Included in the back of the book is a pack of 20 sheets of origami paper that is 15 x 15 centimetres, it's thin origami paper with white on the reverse.
This one is made with 15 x 15 centimetres paper.
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we have been looking at density matrices and
its implications on the implementation of
quantum computing that we have been looking
at until the last several weeks in this week
we had based our studies from the beginning
of density matrices ah this was prompted as
i mentioned in the very beginning of the week
by some questions raised by the students and
as a result of that we have gone ahead to
discuss the details of density matrix in relation
to the measurements and the importance of
it now that we have come to the point where
we have hopefully understood density matrices
to a point that we can ah use it in a much
more effective manner to these implementations
and understandings that we have been carrying
forward
let us now look at the general quantum operations
which include decoherence partial traces and
measurements based on density matrices so
the general quantum operations are also completely
positive trace preserving maps or admissible
operations as a result we basically choose
several matrices that satisfy the condition
let us consider matrices a one through a one
m which follow the condition as provided here
that i is the identity matrix a j t is the
transpose of a j then the mapping of the density
matrix to this set of matrices can be such
that it becomes a general quantum operator
so the mapping in terms of the density matrix
written in terms of this matrices that we
just defined can be written in terms of this
general quantum operator so for example ah
an unitary operator applying u to rho we already
know gives rise to this result u rho u dagger
let us take the example of decoherence let
us consider a zero matrix which is an outer
product of zero states and a one matrix which
is a outer product of one states this quantum
operation maps rho into this form and now
if we take a state vector psi which is having
super position of zero and one with alpha
and beta coefficients then this mapping would
essentially result in alpha squared and beta
squared formation in this map this would correspond
to measuring rho without looking at the outcome
after looking at the outcome rho would become
zero zero outer product with probability alpha
squared and one one with probability outer
product with probability beta square
another example is the trine state we had
done this state in one of our example problems
ah maybe home assignments where we have these
states which are given in terms of zero and
linear combinations of zero and one in certain
order if we define a naught as two thirds
square root outer product of phi naughts which
will give rise to this matrix whereas a one
has two third of outer product of phi one
and a two has two third outer product of phi
two then we will be getting each of them in
such a way so that their ah transfer products
and their sums are equal to identity which
means that our condition is satisfied so we
can apply the general quantum mapping operator
which is that sum of this is going to give
rise to this operation that we mention
the probability of the state psi k results
in an outcome state a k which is two third
this can be adapted to actually yield the
value of k with this success probability so
that's the reason why this particular principle
that we can have the general quantum mapping
operation work is very important because once
this condition is satisfied we apply the quantum
of mapping operator we can make a measurement
with probabilities that can be the outcome
of the state with the exact values that we
are ah interested in terms of the state so
that's the reason why this is a very important
measurement principle
another generalized quantum operation advantage
is the partial trace which discards the second
of the two qubits and this could be the example
which is of the kind where we discuss here
if we take a matrix a naught which is an identity
times the tensor product to the bra of state
zero then we construct matrix of the form
this and the other one of the form this and
we apply the general quantum mapping operator
as we have discussed before and then the state
becomes hm rho tensor product of sigma gives
rise to the state which will become this particular
form half one along the diagonals is the same
density matrix for zero with half probability
and state one with half probability
it's the operation is the partial trace of
rho so what we have essentially done is basically
we have looked at a way of looking at the
partial trace of an operation an that's an
important operation that is often used so
this is almost like we are discarding the
second of the two qubits and that's why it
is trace two rho considering that as unity
and we get the other part which is a solution
so we are interested in distinguishing mixed
states we have mentioned before that several
mixed states can have the same density matrix
which we cannot distinguish so how to distinguish
by two different density matrices so one of
the options is to try to find an orthonormal
basis phi naught phi one in which both density
matrices are diagonal the best distinguishing
strategy between these two mixed states is
to go with a rotation about the state
so let us consider a state zero with probability
half and super position of zero and one with
probability half giving rise to rho one which
is given here and another wave function another
is mixed state with state zero with probability
half and state one with probability half giving
rise to a density matrix rho two of this kind
rho one can also arise from other orthogonal
mixture where rho phi zero and phi one have
probabilities of cosine theta rho one can
also arise from this orthogonal mixture where
the states are in phi one and phi zero with
probabilities cosine squared pi over eight
and sine squared pi over eight which is essentially
in the rotated condition
similarly rho two can arise with probabilities
half when they are in other states so if we
can effectively find an orthonormal basis
rho one and rho two that are simultaneously
diagonalizable then we can get the solution
so rotating phi naught phi one to zero and
one the scenario can now be examined using
classical probability theory you can distinguish
between two classical coins whose probabilities
heads are cosine square pi over eight and
half respectively so rotating phi naught and
phi one to zero and one the scenario can now
be examined by using classical probability
theory so the rotation actually allows us
to go from one state to the other so we can
distinguish between the two classical coins
whose probabilities whose heads are now ah
cosines squared pi over eight and half respectively
and possible as we have found the orthonormal
basis where both the density matrices are
diagonal
now the question is what do we do if we are
not so lucky to get two density matrices that
are simultaneously diagnosable we should recheck
the basic properties of the trace as we have
done once before the trace of a square matrix
is defined as as we mentioned trace of the
matrix which is the sum of the diagonal terms
it is easy to check that the trace of two
matrices are essentially the trace of individual
matrices summed together and the product of
the trace of two matrices is cumulative which
means ah trace of m n is equal to trace of
n m the second property implies however that
the trace of m would be equivalent to the
trace of the unitary transform of m which
means that its essentially looking at the
sum of all the eigen values or the diagonals
so the calculation maneuvers which are worth
remembering are the fact that the outer product
of the trace a and b with a matrix m would
give rise to the expectation value of m and
trace of outer product of a b and c d is equivalent
to getting the expectation of expectation
value of ah ah is equivalent to writing out
ah outer product of b c times that of d a
ah trace of this a b outer product of a b
and c d it give rise to inner dot product
of b c and d a together we can all we should
also keep in mind that in general trace of
m of n is not equal to the trace of m and
trace of n that is not quite generally true
you cannot make the trace apply on individually
although they are commutative in terms of
the product of the matrices
so the idea of partial trace that i mentioned
before can be looked at now how do we compute
the probabilities for a partial system for
example we have two states x and y with a
probability of xy which is ah with all their
sums then ah if we look at the probability
of one of them with respect to the rest then
that's the partial measurement of one with
respect to the other so this is the form that
we are looking at this is the partial measurement
where the term which gives rise to the part
which is correlated to only the part summing
over all the y is giving rise to the partial
measurement for that so if the second system
is taken away and never again directly or
indirectly interacting with the first system
then we can treat the first system as the
following mixture
for example we wrote the earlier slide in
the earlier slide we came up with this term
this will be equivalent to the rho trace of
two when we are considering that sum over
all the ys are taking care of all the y component
or the second component of this mixture so
that's why it is the trace two so in terms
of partial trace we derive an important formula
to use which means that we have rho two which
is the trace two of rho is basically sum over
all the ys for the particular probability
of p of y with the outer product of the psis
where the psi y is written in terms of all
the sum of the x vector
the probability of measuring for example w
in the first register depends only on trace
rho now so the sum over all the probabilities
of w y would be given by probability of y
summed over with the weightage factor w y
with respect to root p y square give rise
to this particular set where we get the trace
of the measuring the outer product w times
the trace of rho two
so the partial trace can therefore be calculated
in an arbitrary basis it does not matter in
which orthonormal basis we traced out the
second system for example if we have alpha
zero zero and beta one one and we do the trace
out of the second system then we are left
with alpha squared outer product of zero beta
square outer product of one in the same ah
however in a different basis you can write
this in terms of alpha zero zero beta one
one as in a different basis alpha zero beta
one and root one over root two zero and one
for both and with the with another one which
is in this different basis
now if we do a partial trace can be calculated
on a arbitrary basis then the trace two will
finally again give rise to alpha squared outer
product of zeros and beta square outer product
of one and that's exactly the same as the
earlier one so what it means is the partial
trace is invariant to the orthonormal basis
that we choose and that's actually a very
important ah statement is that's the way how
the properties of the system can be determined
without problem
now methods to calculate partial trace partial
trace is a liner map that takes bipartite
states to a single system states so what we
have essentially done is we have taken a mixture
of two states into a single system state by
tracing out one of them and that's ah through
a linear mapping as we just did we can also
trace out the first system if necessary is
the choice how we like to do this we can compute
the partial trace directly from the density
matrix description its another important part
of this exercise
so partial trace using matrices tracing out
the second system hm would be of this kind
where you can set up the traces by individual
parts and then we can write it out in these
kinds of forms so here are some examples on
partial traces two quantum resisters example
two qubits are in states sigma and mu respectively
are independent if they can be come if the
combined system is in the state ah rho which
is a tensor product of the two in such circumstances
if the second register say is discarded then
the state of the first register remains in
sigma in general the state of a two register
system may not be of the form sigma tensor
product with mu it may contain entanglement
or correlations we can define the partial
trace two rho as the unique linear operator
satisfying the identity at trace two sigma
tensor product mu is equal to mu the second
the index two here essentially means that
the second system is being traced out second
system is mu
so for example it turns out that trace two
of this particular form that we have written
here is half one one diagonal element it turns
out that if we take this particular set of
sigma and mu then we get a result which is
of this kind is the half
we have already seen this defined in the case
of two qubit systems discarding the second
of the two qubits let a equal to i times the
tensor product of bra zero state then we have
this and a one is the tensor product of i
times one for the resulting quantum operation
state which is the tensor product of these
two becomes sigma for d dimensional registers
the operators are a k times i tensor product
of bra phi k where phi naught phi one all
the way up to phi d minus one are an orthonormal
basis as we saw in the last slide partial
trace is a matrix how to calculate this matrix
of partial trace
so calculating matrices of partial trace is
for two qubit system the partial trace is
explicitly ah given in terms of the traces
of each individual parts which add up as we
had shown before and we trace them out and
we get this and as a result we can sum them
up as we show here into these individual traces
and we can write them out in this form
the unitary transformation don't change the
local density matrix that's a very important
property a unitary transformation on the system
that is traced out does not have an effect
on the result of the partial trace which means
that if we take a system which is sort of
defined in this form ah and we take the partial
trace over two the second system then the
unitary transform in the process does not
affect the state the state also distant transformations
dont change the local density matrix also
in fact any legal quantum transformation on
the traced out system including measurement
without communicating back to the answer does
not affect the partial trace also so here
is an here is the meaning of that that if
we mention it in this format then the partial
trace will remain the way it is
now these are because of the fact that operations
on the second system should not affect the
statistics of any outcomes of the measurement
of the first system otherwise the parity of
the control of the second system would instantaneously
communicate information to controlling the
first system which would be violation of ah
information control and thats why ah individual
operations that we showed until now essentially
has no effect hm on the other operations as
we were discussing principle of these implicit
measurements ah lie on the fact that if some
qubits are in a computation are never used
again you can assume if you would like that
they have been measured and the result ignored
the reduced density matrix of the remaining
qubits is the same
so these are the very important aspects of
ah implementation that we have already used
while we were ah doing the different operations
that we looked at in the earlier weeks and
so these measurements are ratified in terms
of the density matrices and their developments
and their behaviors as we are discussing here
one of the most important ah measurement aspect
which we have utilized all the time is the
positive operator valued measurements p o
v m if we had matrices which satisfy the form
that the adjoined of that products of the
adjoineds are identity then the corresponding
positive operator valued measurement p o v
m is a stochastic operation on density matrix
that with probability produces the outcome
which is the trace of the matrix trace of
the ah matrix and its products with the density
matrix and its so basically ah the trace of
the observable of the particular matrix and
so it leads to the classical information and
the collapsed state is the one where ah its
the product of the jth matrix with the density
matrix and its ah dagger normalize with respect
to its states
so for example if we have a of j which is
an outer matrix outer dot product of phi j
which orthonormal projectors this reduces
to our previously defined measurements when
a of j is phi of j is outer product are orthonormal
projectors and rho is the outer product of
psi's then the trace would be the probability
of the outcome which has been show here and
similarly the collapsed state would essentially
be the state phi j outer product and thats
the collapsed ah quantum state as expected
because we are basically finding the projection
of the collapsed quantum state and its probability
so this is the reason why ah this particular
line of development is very essential because
this is essentially connected to measurements
the measurement postulate formulated in terms
of observables are exactly in the form that
we have been discussing now our form a measurement
is described by a complete set of projectors
p of j onto the orthogonal subspace the outcome
j occurs with probability probability of j
which is the ah inner product of psi with
respect to p of j the corresponding post measurement
state is projector of the state with respect
to its
so this is the projector matrix that we have
been discussing earlier the measurement is
described by a complete set of projectors
p of j onto the orthogonal subspace the outcome
j occurs with probability j which is given
as this form the corresponding post measurement
stat is of this form the old form of measurement
which was being discussed is the measurement
is described by an observable a hemitian operator
m with spectral decomposition m which is equivalent
to the sum of the diagonal element times the
projector
the possible measurement outcomes correspond
to the eigen value lambda j and the outcome
lambda j occurs with probability probability
of lambda j psi p of j psi the corresponding
post measurement state is essentially the
same so either we look at it in the hermitian
operator principle state by using eigen state
properties and eigen values or in the projector
way of looking at it they both essentially
give rise to the same obs same result as is
expected either from the density matrix formalism
or from the ah schrodingers formalism of solving
a schrodingers equation
so in terms of quantum mechanics that we have
been utilizing for making the quantum computers
and information quantum information come computer
science can inspire fundamental questions
about some of these we can take a informatic
approach to physics compare the physical approaches
to information what measurements can be performed
in quantum mechanics that are of interest
ah traditional approaches to quantum measurements
is a quantum measurement is described by an
observable m m is a hermitian operator acting
on the state space of the system measuring
a system prepared in an eigenstate of m gives
the corresponding eigenvalue of m as the measurement
outcome the question now present itself can
every observable be measured the answer theoretically
is yes in practice it may be very awkward
or perhaps even beyond the ingenuity of the
experimenter to devise an apparatus which
could measure some particular observable but
the theory allows one to imagine that the
measurement could be made now this is a statement
made long back by dirac essentially understanding
essentially pointing out the importance of
the concept of measurement and to the real
measurement aspect
so one of the most important work in this
area has been the von nuemann measurement
aspect thats because that has been related
to the idea of entropy and all the states
put together sos in that respect if we have
a universal set of quantum gates and the ability
to measure each qubit on the basis zero one
if you measure say phi state we get b with
probability alpha b squared as it is expected
we have the projection operators p naught
which is the outer product of state zero and
p one which is the outer product of state
one satisfying the sum total is one we consider
that the projector operator or observable
to be m which could be written in these terms
and we note that zero and one are the eigenvalues
when we measure these observable m the probability
of getting the eigenvalue b is probability
b is equivalent to psi bra times the probability
of b is essentially given by this form in
is called quantum mechanics and we get ah
it equivalent to the alpha b mod square and
we are in that case left with the state which
is the p of b times psi over the probability
of the process so essentially we are left
in the state which is given by b
the expected value of an observable therefore
can be associated if we associate with the
outcome b the eigenvalue b then the expected
outcome is given by this summation which can
be then related to the trace of trace of the
matrix and the outer product of the phi as
been done before and the von neumann measurements
can therefore give us a universal set of suppose
we have a universal set of quantum gates and
the ability to measure each qubit in the basis
zero one say we have the state alpha x x where
x goes anywhere x is an element of zero and
one if you measure all n qubits then we obtain
hm the state x with probability alpha x mod
square we have to notice that this means that
our probability of measuring a zero state
in the first qubit equals sum of alpha x mod
square for all the values of x or n bits
if we measure only the first qubit and leave
this rest alone then we still get zero with
probability of ah the state zero with probability
p zero ah which is a sum of all this states
the remaining n minus n bits the remaining
n minus qubits are then in the renormalized
state
the most general measurements of these kinds
can be looked at using a simple ah circuit
where there is a unitary operator which has
the inputs coming from the states and then
one of them is making the measurement this
partial measurement corresponds to measuring
the observable m which is of this form and
a von neumann measurement is of a type of
projective measurements given an orthonormal
basis if we can perform a von neumann measurement
with respect to phi k of the state with respect
to psi of the state phi which is given as
alpha k psi then we measure psi with probability
alpha k squared mod squared over this and
that can be written in terms of the trace
of the entire process
for example if you consider von neumann measurement
of the state phi with zero one with alpha
beta probabilities with respect to the orthonormal
basis which is super position of zero and
one plus and minus we note that we get phi
in the basis as which can be transformed to
writ write in this form we therefore get zero
one one root two in that basis the probability
of ah alpha plus beta whole squared over two
and this is an exercise which we had looked
at earlier in one of the examples that we
had done in earlier lectures
so we note that this projective cases can
be measured in this form and here is just
the way of showing how this can be measured
ah here is the little math which you might
have done as a result of the problem that
i had given you in your one of the exercises
so i think the last point we would like to
point out is how do we implement von neumann
measurements which is what we have essentially
done when we were doing all our quantum computing
implementations if we have access to a universal
setup of gates and bit wise measurements in
the computational basis we can implement von
neumann measurements with respect to an arbitrary
orthonormal basis psi k as follows
we can construct a quantum network that implements
a unitary operation psi ah operating on psi
k to give rise to a k ket vector then conjugate
the measurement operation with the operation
u which is a unitary operation so i will get
a probability of alpha k mod square another
approach would be to have the circuit that
we had shown in partial earlier to have both
the inputs in one sen have the entangled state
come in and have a final measurement of this
type both of them will have probabilities
of alphas k and these two approaches will
be ah discussed in terms so both of them have
the same probability of alpha k squared so
these approaches can be immediately connected
to the bells inequality and the bless states
that we have it is one of the cases where
we are able to connect these to the ah studies
that we have done earlier in terms of ah entanglement
and measurement of teleportation and states
like that
so in the next slide if you just observe that
when we take the orthonormal basis consisting
of the bell states and we apply the same ah
formalism that we have been ah discussing
we have discussed bell basis lectures and
other things in the earlier lectures ah we
can have destructive and non destructive measurements
and we will finally end up getting the results
that will give rise to in this terminology
that we have developed or discussed in this
entire week about density matrices tracing
of partial nature which will give rise to
the most general nature of results and this
would give rise to the general cooperate quantum
operation that can be simultaneously be used
ah by applying a unitary operator of larger
quantum system which helps us in terms of
discarding the parts which can give rise to
difficulties in terms of the decoherence and
yet we can get to the results that we are
interested in and get the right solutions
and so this is a much more powerful way of
generalized process where density matrices
can play a major role
another very important aspect is the p o v
m measurements which we introduced here ah
any p o v m can also be simulated by applying
unitary operation on a larger quantum system
and then measuring it and whatever we get
results which have their difficulties can
be ah coupled with the classical inputs which
are not going to be utilized and we can keep
the preserve the quantum nature of the story
by this fashion
ah any bipartite system for instance what
we have done can be looked at in the mon manner
that we have discussed if they are separable
then their probabilities are going to be such
that we will be having a probabilistic mixture
of the probabilities of the product state
as we present it here
how the nature of ah quantum computing goes
we have looked at entanglement where the last
part that we just discussed the separability
and others in terms of density matrices have
been very ah importantly looked at earlier
and we were able to know which are the states
which can be separable and which are which
cannot be separable that are the entangled
states or the for example bell states and
so we have looked into all these aspects and
in this week we basically presented it in
terms of density matrices because that is
one of the most important ways of looking
at all the realistic quantum problems that
we have looked at in terms of implementations
because ah the way ah the realistic measurements
goes the aspects of decoherence and other
asp other issues are inherently present and
they need to incorporate density matrices
to be able to address that
so i hope it has been a good learning experience
and bridging the gap of the parts which we
had earlier not looked into in detail so i
thank the students who had prompted me to
go back to the section and revise it in the
last week which will be upcoming we will be
doing ah a summary and revision of all the
aspects that we have looked into are covered
in this course and i suppose it will take
quite a bit of time or hours but i have left
sufficient time for the final week to cover
almost all the discussions at least in ah
summary for all the implementations of quantum
computing that we have been doing until now
and we will also look into all the problem
sets that we have been giving you as exercises
at the at that last final lecture to make
sure that everything is complete as far as
the course goes
thank you see you next week
| {
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English:
oh no they dragged Don Cherry into this
thing didn't they
I'm Danielle Metz I'm Robert Vaughan and
this is the Danielle Metz show quote I
know what I said and I meant it
everybody in Canada should wear a poppy
to honor our fallen soldiers I would
have liked to continue doing Coaches
Corner
the problem is that if I have to watch
everything I say it isn't Coaches Corner
Don Cherry told the Toronto Star in the
wake of his being fired from his
position that he held for almost 40
years if you're Canadian you've likely
already heard what he said
but for the rest of the world the quote
that angered the members of the cancel
culture was you people you come here
whatever it is you love our way of life
you love our milk and honey at least you
could pay a couple bucks for a poppy of
course this was immediately translated
into racist bigoted xenophobic
etc etc etc and of course Ron MacLean his co-host who's nodding throws Don
French:
oh non ils ont traîné Don Cherry dans cette
chose n'ont-ils pas
Je suis Danielle Metz, je suis Robert Vaughan et
c'est la citation de spectacle Danielle Metz I
sais ce que j'ai dit et je le pensais
tout le monde au Canada devrait porter un coquelicot
pour honorer nos soldats tombés au combat, je voudrais
ont aimé continuer à faire des entraîneurs
Coin
le problème est que si je dois regarder
tout ce que je dis n'est pas le coin des entraîneurs
Don Cherry a déclaré au Toronto Star dans le
réveil de son renvoi de son
poste qu'il a occupé pendant près de 40 ans
ans si vous êtes canadien, vous avez probablement
déjà entendu ce qu'il a dit
mais pour le reste du monde la citation
qui a mis en colère les membres de l'annulation
la culture était vous les gens que vous venez ici
peu importe ce que vous aimez notre mode de vie
tu aimes notre lait et chéri au moins toi
pourrait payer quelques dollars pour un coquelicot de
bien sûr cela a été immédiatement traduit
en xénophobe bigot raciste
etc etc etc et bien sûr, Ron MacLean son co-animateur qui hoche la tête jette Don
English:
statement and gave him a thumbs up threw
him under the bus the next day to save
his own sorry skin you people you come
here whatever it is this is not the most
controversial statement that the Don has
ever made my personal favorite was about
the left-wing pinkos and cuckaloos in
regards to global warming but this one
this one touched a nerve
Canadian culture's a sin you see and
unfettered immigration is our collective
repentance we're not allowed to see that
our identity as Canadians is being
eroded from the inside and out leftists
and their ilk must punish those who dare
notice and draw attention to this fact
that Canadians history at it's very
soul is being eradicated so Robert what
does that say about the current state of
our civilization that even someone as
prominent icon as The Don is not immune
to cancel culture why are they picking
on Cherry
see what I did there
French:
déclaration et lui a donné un coup de pouce jeté
lui sous le bus le lendemain pour sauver
sa propre histoire peau vous les gens vous venez
ici quoi que ce soit ce n'est pas le plus
déclaration controversée que le Don a
jamais fait mon favori personnel était sur le point
les pinkos et les coucous de gauche dans
en ce qui concerne le réchauffement climatique, mais celui-ci
celui-ci a touché un nerf
Les cultures canadiennes supposent que vous voyez un
immigration sans entraves en tant que notre collectif
la repentance, nous ne sommes pas autorisés à voir que
notre identité de Canadiens est d'être
érodé de gauche et de gauche
et leurs semblables doivent punir ceux qui osent
remarquer et attirer l'attention sur ce fait
que l'histoire des Canadiens et il est très
l'âme est en train d'être éradiquée alors que Robert
est-ce que cela dit sur l'état actuel de
notre civilisation que même quelqu'un comme
icône de premier plan comme le fait n'est pas à l'abri
pour annuler la culture pourquoi choisissent-ils
sur Jerry
English:
I worked very hard on that thank you
I'm reminded of when Robert De
Niro during the Tony Awards a couple of
years ago said 'F' Trump as soon as he
walked out on stage and
everybody did the seal claps not just
the seal claps boy they were fist
pumping they were laughing cheering
yeah you stuck it to the man yeah and I look at
the audience I panned out over the
audience on those big shots right and I
said how many people are standing up and
applauding and I would say about 95
percent you could probably count on two
hands those who stayed seated and there
was one woman who was going like this
not sure what it meant out of disgust or
like I can't believe he said that or
whatever how brave of him I don't know I
can't believe he put his career on the line yeah
yeah sure
but you see the why first of all half
the people in United States voted for
Trump and in California even in
French:
ils travaillent très dur sur ce merci
oui un homme a rappelé quand Robert De
Niro pendant les Tony Awards, un couple de
il y a des années dit F Trump dès qu'il
est sorti sur scène et
tout le monde a fait la classe de phoque non seulement
le sceau applaudit garçon, ils étaient le poing
pompage ils étaient rires ouais elle
a commencé à l'homme oui et je regarde
le public II est parti au-dessus du
public sur ces grands coups à droite et je
a dit combien de personnes sont debout dans
applaudissant et je dirais environ 95
pour cent, vous pouvez probablement compter sur deux
mains ceux qui sont restés assis et là
était une femme qui allait comme ça
pas sûr de ce que cela voulait dire par dégoût ou
comme je ne peux pas croire qu'il a dit ça ou
quel que soit le courage de lui, je ne sais pas je
ne peut pas voir sa carrière sur la ligne oui
Oui bien sûr
mais vous voyez le pourquoi d'abord la moitié
les gens aux États-Unis ont voté pour
Trump et en Californie même en
French:
Californie en dehors des grands centres urbains
centres Trump a remporté beaucoup de la
comtés donc je ne peux pas croire que
tout le monde qui était aux Tony Awards ou
les 95% d'entre eux ont soutenu ce que Robert De
Niro a dit de manière crue, alors pourquoi
ils se lèvent ils se sont levés parce qu'ils
avaient peur, ils avaient peur pour leur
emplois qu'ils avaient peur pour la désapprobation
de leurs pairs, ils ne voulaient pas être
le dernier le premier homme à cesser d'applaudir
du goulag de Soljenitsyne
Archipel oui quand Staline était en train d'être
introduit je pense par un maire de certains
ville quand Staline se leva tout le monde se leva
et applaudi au point où
ils sont essentiellement leurs mains
saignements bien vous ne savez pas figurativement
Staline a dû leur dire d'arrêter
parce que oui pour comprendre l'un d'eux
English:
California outside of the major urban
centers Trump won a lot of the the
counties so I can't believe that
everybody who was at the Tony Awards or
the 95% of them supported what Robert De
Niro said in his crude way so why did
they stand up they stood up because they
were afraid they were afraid for their
jobs they were afraid for disapproval
from their peers they didn't want to be
the last the first man to stop clapping
from Solzhenitsyn's the Gulag
Archipelago yes when Stalin was being
introduced I think by a mayor of some
town when Stalin got up everybody stood
up and applauded to the point where
they're basically their hands are
bleeding well not you know figuratively
Stalin had to actually tell them to stop
because yes to understand one of them
French:
assis, puis il a été expédié à
le goulag et c'est ce qui se passerait
au sens figuré à quiconque n'a pas
se lever et donner un rocher debout de
salut à Robert De Niro
déclaration politique grossière et
c'est ce qui est arrivé aux gens de
Rogers et Sportsnet qui employaient
Don Cherry ils avaient ils savent
quel est le sentiment dans la société ou à
moins dans la culture d'élite en ce qui concerne tout
des illusions aux immigrants toute
allusions dénigrantes aux immigrants même
en les appelant vous les gens qui viennent ici
ça suffit, ce n'est pas une course c'est un
chose qu'ils ne semblent pas comprendre
bien vrai, je veux dire qu'il ne veut pas dire
Irlandais ou Britanniques qu'il assume
que ces personnes qui signifient plus sombre
couleurs de pigment et nous, mais ce n'est pas
English:
sat down and then he was shipped off to
the gulag and that's what would happen
figuratively to anybody who did not
stand up and give a standing raucous
ovation to Robert De Niro's
foul-mouthed political statement and
that's what's happened to the people at
Rogers and Sportsnet who were employing
Don Cherry they had they know
what the feeling is in society or at
least in the elite culture regarding any
any allusions to immigrants any
disparaging allusions to immigrants even
by calling them you people who come here
that's enough immigrant is not a race this is a
thing that they don't seem to understand
well true I mean he doesn't mean
Irishmen or British people he's assuming
that these meaning people with darker
pigment colors than us but that's not
English:
even that's not even the half of it it
this has had nothing to do with race
some of the of course detractors out
there would could label him a racist I
think the the the most prevalent word
they called Don Cherry over that comment
was xenophobe fear of others but of
course Don Cherry lives in Mississauga
has pretty much for all his life he
still has the same car I saw him in a
video from 30 years ago with his white
same car what yes same car Continental I
think it was and he still has same house
that kind of things so he's there he's
seen Mississauga grew up it's mostly an
immigrant town Toronto is half immigrant
and so when he accurately said according
to Joe Warmington of the Toronto Sun
who was down in downtown Toronto filming
people on Remembrance Day seeing how
many people were wearing a poppy and he
estimated about 10 percent were so in a
city of immigrants were half immigrants
when you get 10 percent who are not
wearing poppies it's quite an accurate
statement to say that you people who
French:
même ce n'est même pas la moitié
cela n'a rien à voir avec la race
certains des détracteurs bien sûr sur
il y aurait pourrait étiqueter Miller raciste I
pense que le mot le plus répandu
avait appelé Don Cherry sur ce commentaire
était la peur xénophobe des autres, mais de
Bien sûr, Don Cherry vit à Mississauga
a à peu près toute sa vie, il
a toujours le même soin que je l'ai vu dans un
vidéo d'il y a 30 ans avec son attente
carte d'équipe quoi oui intercontinental je
pense qu'il était et il a toujours la même maison
ce genre de choses alors il est là, il est
vu Mississauga a grandi, il est surtout un
ville immigrante Toronto est à moitié immigrée
et donc quand il a dit avec précision selon
plaisante Warmington du Toronto Sun
qui était en train de filmer au centre-ville de Toronto
les gens le jour du souvenir voir comment
beaucoup de gens portaient un coquelicot et il
estimé à environ 10 pour cent l'étaient dans un
ville d'immigrés étaient à moitié immigrés
quand vous obtenez 10 pour cent qui ne sont pas
porter des coquelicots, il est assez précis
déclaration pour dire que vous les gens qui
English:
come here to our milk and honey that's
okay but you're not going to put out a
buck or two for a poppy which by the way
is a voluntary donation they don't even
have to put out a bucket or two then he's
making a statement that's accurate a lot
of immigrants don't wear poppies a lot
of immigrants don't share our philosophy
and our culture that's that's obvious
however they didn't come
here to be Canadian they come here to be
in Canada yes
so Rogers and Sportsnet officials who
fired cherry were like the people in the
Tony Awards standing up
they know where the current is going
they're going to go with that current
you cannot in Canada or at least in
officialdom say anything disparaging of
immigrants or even seem to be
disparaging of immigrants to the point
where you're seeing that some of them
French:
viens ici à notre lait et miel qui est
ok mais tu ne vas pas mettre un
Buck ou deux pour un coquelicot qui par là
est un don volontaire qu'ils ne même pas
doivent mettre un seau - alors il
faire une déclaration qui précise beaucoup
des immigrants ne portent pas beaucoup de coquelicots
des immigrants ne partagent pas notre philosophie
et notre culture c'est évident
mais je suis là car ils ne sont pas venus
ici pour être canadiens, ils viennent ici pour être
au Canada oui
afin que les responsables de Rogers et Sportsnet qui
cerise tirée étaient comme les gens du
Tony Awards debout
ils savent où va le courant
ils vont aller avec ce courant
vous ne pouvez pas au Canada ou au moins étranger
fonctionnaire dire quoi que ce soit qui dénigre
les immigrants ou même semblent être
dénigrement des immigrants au point
où vous voyez que certains d'entre eux
English:
don't wear poppies you know some
of some immigrants don't wear poppies
unbelievable that these people in power
over Don Cherry have absolute no courage
not only that they have no vocabulary to
explain why they wouldn't fire Don
Cherry like you and I might in like you
know this isn't disparaging of
immigrants it's true so therefore Don
Cherry can stay and no that that's I
think where we've headed is the Gulag Archipelago type of the first
one to stop applauding gets into the
the gulag metaphorically speaking
thankfully for the time being but yeah
and the fact that there is who is he
supposed to apologize I'm glad he didn't
apologize he said he may have used
better words as opposed to saying you
people who could said everyone who
French:
ne porte pas de Papi euh-hein, vous en connaissez
de certains immigrants ne portent pas de Papi
incroyable que ces gens au pouvoir
sur Don Cherry n'a aucun courage absolu
non seulement qu'ils n'ont pas de vocabulaire
expliquer pourquoi ils ne virent pas Don
Cherry comme vous et moi pourrions vous aimer
sais que ce n'est pas dénigrant de
les immigrants, il est vrai donc donc Don
Jerry pourrait rester et savoir que c'est moi
pense où nous sommes dirigés est le Google
Type d'archipel Arg Goulag du premier
cesser d’applaudir, il entre dans le
le goulag métaphoriquement parlant
heureusement pour le moment mais oui
et le fait qu'il y ait qui est-il
censé présenter des excuses, je suis Dieu, il n'a pas
s'excuser, il a dit qu'il peut avoir utilisé
de meilleurs mots au lieu de vous dire
les gens qui pourraient dire tout le monde qui
French:
ne porte pas de coquelicot, alors ne vous démarrez pas
quoi que ce soit, mais il ne s'est jamais excusé et je suis
sûr parce qu'il a 85 ans et fait
cela a longtemps un peu d'eux
appelez-le un peu d'argent qu'il n'a pas
trop se soucier de cela, il est son
carrière, il a eu un bon il est, il est
bien-aimé des Canadiens partout où je ne suis pas
un sportif que je touche de temps en temps
à temps juste parce que c'est la
sujet de conversation à discuter avec
les gens qui aiment le hockey, je ne fais que payer
attention au football et ce genre de
des choses juste en périphérie mais même moi quand
quand j'ai découvert qu'il avait été viré, j'étais
ahuri comme sur quelqu'un
Canada, vous pouvez choisir qui serait comme
le plus canadien qui se passera, mais
c'est le problème n'est-ce pas qu'il est un
Canadien et il en est fier et il
parle comme un Canadien dont il est fier
être Canadien, il est fier du Canada et
je pense
c'est ce que le vrai noeud de la
le problème est que c'est ce qu'ils sont
en essayant de sortir de notre culture, voici
English:
doesn't wear a poppy so not singling out
anything but he never apologized and I'm
sure because he's 85 and has been doing
this for a long time has a bit of they
call it F U money that he doesn't have
to worry about it too much he is his
career he's had a good one he's he's
beloved by Canadians everywhere I'm not
a sports person I dabble in it from time
to time just because it's the
conversational topic to discuss with
people who like hockey I just pay
attention to football and that kind of
stuff just peripherally but even I when
when I found out that he was fired I was
flabbergasted like out of anyone in
Canada you could pick who would be like
the most Canadian that but
that's the problem isn't it he's a
Canadian and he's proud of it and he
talks like a Canadian he's proud of
being Canadian he's proud of Canada and
I think
that is what the real crux of the the
problem is is that that's what they're
trying to take out of our culture is
English:
the Canadian aspect of it
no you hit the nail right on the head he
is like it may not be a fair comparison
just due to the enormity of it but when
the Saudi terrorists struck the World
Trade Center they did that for a
particular reason it wasn't just because
it was an easy target it was because it
was a symbol of America a sky scraper
trade capitalism commerce that kind of
thing
that's what they hate that's what they
attacked Don Cherry same thing a little
crude a little brash comments plain
spoken common man like a real person
a real person yes that is not
politically correct and they want to
destroy that so you hit the nail right
on the head he was an icon you had to
remove the icons if you want to remove
the society or change the society so and
eradicate our culture and get rid of our
history and they're doing it bit by bit
and hey well on the plus side he's got
his own podcast now called grapevine and
like all Streisand effects kind of
French:
l'aspect canadien de celui-ci
Non, vous appuyez sur le clou sur la tête, il
est comme il peut ne pas être une comparaison juste
juste à cause de l'énormité de celui-ci, mais quand
les terroristes saoudiens ont frappé le monde
Trade Center ils l'ont fait pour un
raison particulière, il n'y a pas que
c'était une cible facile c'était parce qu'il
était un symbole de la fourrure vert ciel Amérique
le commerce du capitalisme commercial ce genre de
chose
c'est ce qu'ils détestent c'est ce qu'ils
attaqué Don Cherry même chose un peu
brut un peu commentaires brash plaine
comédie parlée comme une vraie personne
une vraie personne oui ce n'est pas
politiquement correct et ils veulent
détruire ce que vous frappez le clou droit
sur la tête, il était une icône que vous deviez
supprimer les icônes si vous souhaitez supprimer
la société ou changer la société si et
éradiquer notre culture et se débarrasser de notre
l'histoire et ils le font peu à peu
et hé bien du côté plus il a
son propre podcast maintenant appelé grapevine et
Je voudrais tous les effets Streisand genre de
French:
chose que la plupart des gens n'auraient même pas
remarqué que cela est arrivé ce
aurait été un flou mais Evie
dit-il mmm et a juste été laissé lâcher pas
on aurait su ce qu'il a dit sauf
pour ceux qui le regardent maintenant, il est
étant rapporté par ben shapiro steven
crowder il fait le tour comme même
Matt Christiansen qui ne sait rien
à propos du Canada, il en a même parlé
fait de lui des nouvelles internationales qui ont fait
lui une star internationale qui encore
L'effet Streisand attire maintenant l'attention
toutes les autres choses, il ne dit rien
co-défensive, c'est un bon travail, bon travail, je
aimer la rose SST et coucous qui est un
gardien juste mais une autre personne qui
pourrait être dans ce même bateau serait posy
Parker en Grande-Bretagne qui a
féministe de gauche autoproclamée ne pouvait pas
croire la façon dont la gauche allait avec
transgenre
English:
thing most people wouldn't even have
noticed that this has happened this
would have just been a blur but if he'd
said it and was just let go no
one would have known what he said except
for those who actually watch it now he's
being reported by Ben Shapiro Steven
Crowder he's making the rounds like even
Matt Christiansen who knows nothing
about Canada he even brought it up it
made him international news which made
him an international star which again
Streisand effect now everybody's paying attention to all the other stuff he said that was
offensive so good job good job I
love the pinkos and cuckaloos that's a
keeper right but another person who
might be in that same boat would be Posie
Parker over in Great Britain who a
self-avowed leftist feminist couldn't
believe the way the left was going with
transgenderism
French:
et le mauvais usage de la langue appelant les hommes
les femmes trans et elle comme un humain pensant
être dit accrocher un moment
ne peut pas utiliser le mot femmes quand vous êtes
parler d'un homme même si vous mettez le
mot trans en face il ne le fait pas
faites-lui une femme et bien sûr elle est
mis au pilori pour cela
et mais c'est c'est presque la même chose
il y a cette poussée de l'enveloppe
c'est à un tel ajout d'accord que, à un
les gens commencent à dire une question la
regard narratif sur les enfants de Covington
Ici, vous avez un seize ans ou
quel qu'il soit garçon le 15 salut ou
ricanant typiquement par confusion et
la peur si vous me demandez pas de haine, il
était plus mal à l'aise et ne savait pas
ce qu'il était censé inconfortable
sourit donc il sourit mais ce n'est pas ça
il sourit il sourit devant
d'un autochtone un autochtone un indien
comme tu veux l'appeler
c'est la transgression si c'était
un autre gars blanc
vous savez battu sur un tambour bongo pas de nouvelles
English:
and the misuse of language calling men
trans women and she as a thinking human
being said hang on a moment
can't use the word women when you're
talking about a man even if you put the
word trans in front of it it doesn't
make him a woman and of course she's
pilloried for it
and but it's it's almost the same thing
there's this pushing of the envelope
it's to such a degree that at one
point people start to say or question the
narrative look at the Covington kids
here you have a sixteen year old or
whatever he was boy 15 grinning or
smirking typically out of confusion and
fear if you ask me not out of hatred he
was more uncomfortable and didn't know
what he was supposed to uncomfortable
smiled so he's smiling but it's not that
he's just smiling he's smiling in front
of an Aboriginal a native an Indian
whatever you want to call him
that's the transgression if it was
another white fella
you know beaten on a bongo drum no news
English:
white young boy smirks in front of
an Aboriginal okay hittin' his ceremonial
drum big difference and everybody looked
at that Covington thing and going no
this you know you've gone too far you've
gone too far we looked at the footage
the native guy he was the aggressor and
the kid was just afraid confused and
didn't know what to do I don't think he
was really afraid and he was a bit
confused and not sure what to do but he
stood his ground which I always applaud
him for he was just you basically said
well what did you want me to do he
didn't take any action but he didn't
cede ground which I and as that news
reporter said don't you think just
standing there
isn't that an act of aggression well
maybe maybe I'm mistaken by actually
trying to ascribe to the kid some of the
things that I may think of what he's
doing and why he's doing it just like
the media were ascribing motives to his
French:
blanc jeune garçon cette mercs devant
un autochtone bien caché son cérémonial
tambour grosse différence et tout le monde avait l'air
à cette chose Cummington et ne va pas
ce que vous savez que vous êtes allé trop loin, vous avez
allé trop loin, nous avons regardé les images
le gars indigène, il était l'agresseur et
le gamin avait juste peur confus et
ne savait pas quoi faire, je ne pense pas qu'il
avait vraiment peur et il était un peu
confus et pas sûr de ce qu'il faut faire mais il
se tenait sa terre que j'applaudis toujours
lui car il était juste que vous avez dit essentiellement
bien qu'est-ce que tu veux que je fasse, il
n'a pris aucune action, mais il n'a pas
terrain de semence que je et comme cette nouvelle
journaliste a dit ne pensez-vous pas juste
debout là-bas
est-ce pas un acte d'agression bien
peut-être peut-être que je me trompe en fait
en essayant d'attribuer à l'enfant une partie de la
les choses que je peux penser à ce qu'il est
faire et pourquoi il le fait juste comme
les médias attribuaient des motifs à son
French:
actions ou son à son sourire alors oui je
marcher sur un terrain dangereux si je vais
dire que c'est pourquoi il souriait
Je ne sais pas seulement lui, mais le
la réaction est ce que je suis plus concerné
à peu près comme avec le Don Cherry
chose que je vais réellement ouais c'est joli
bon parce que maintenant les gens vont voir
Juste comment
Mooney ces coucous sont vraiment je pense
nous gardons cela comme une référence pour appeler le
la gauche
ils sont juste coucou en vrac, ils sont c'est
juste dégoûtant et j'espère que cette aube
Kerry ne pense à rien d'autre
bien atteindre beaucoup plus de Canadiens à montrer
comment coucou la gauche est en fait et
peut-être à l'avenir pas être si prompt à juger
des histoires basées sur la façon dont ils sont
dépeint dans les médias quand nous avons déjà
voir que la réalité de ce n'est pas ce qui est
être vendu à nous en tant que public et peut-être
lentement la culture va changer de
être une culture annulée que vous
English:
actions or his to his smile so yeah I
tread dangerous ground if I'm going to
say that this is why he was smiling
I don't know only he does but the
reaction is what I'm more concerned
about just like with the Don Cherry
thing I actually go yeah this is pretty
good because now people are going to see
just how looney these cuckaloos really are I think
we keep that as a go-to for calling the
left
they're just cuckaloos they are it's
just disgusting and I hope this Don
Cherry thing if nothing else
will reach a lot more Canadians to show
how cuckaloo the left actually is and
maybe in future not be so quick to judge
stories based on the way they're
portrayed in the media when we already
see that the reality of it isn't what is
being sold to us as a public and maybe
slowly the culture will change from
being a cancel culture to one that you
English:
know verify it first and then believe not
take it at face value but we can only hope
so 'till then cuckaloo cheers
If you've enjoyed this presentation visit justrightmedia.org for more programming that's
not right wing... It's Just Right.
French:
savoir le vérifier d'abord et ensuite ne pas croire
prenez à la valeur nominale, mais nous ne pouvons qu'espérer
donc 'jusque-là cuckaloo acclamations
Si vous avez apprécié cette présentation, visitez justrightmedia.org pour plus de programmes
pas de droite ... C'est juste comme il faut.
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NEXT WEEKS COLD FRONT.
A LOCAL ASSISTANT CHOIR
DIRECTORS VIDEO OF A PARODY HE
MADE OF THE MUSICAL HAMILTON IS
STARTING TO TAKE OFF ONLINE. CBS
4S TYLISA HAMPTON JOINS US ABOUT
WHAT MADE HIM DECIDE TO DO IT...
TYLISA
TO WHAT HE SAYS IS "UNCERTAIN
TIMES"-ALFONSO GONZALEZ IS
HOPING TO SPREAD POSTIVITY
THROUGH SINGING
"I )ve been overwhelmed with so
many different feelings."
COMBINING THOSE FEELINGS INTO A
SONG -
"The power of music and how it
has connected everybody."
YOU SAY YOUR WANTING TO LEARN A
BIT DIFFERENT THEN WE DID INMAY
THAT )S ASSISTANT CHOIR DIRECTOR
FOR HARLINGEN HIGH SCHOOL
ALFONSO GONZALEZ SINGING HIS
PARODY OF "YOU )LL BE BACK" FROM
HAMILITON-
MORE SINGING OF "YOU )LL BE BACK"
"I was inspired by a lot of
fellow educators that I )ve
already seen some parodies
online and just the inspiration
of Hamilton and the success it
had over the summer since its
release and nd I thought it
would be a lot of fun to do
something a little bit more
relatable for educators and
students alike."
THAT )S WHEN HE GOT THE IDEA TO
SHARE THE VIDEO -
"I actually submitted to our
director of music, our director
of fine arts Dr. Ronnie Rios and
he said this is fabulous let me
show it to our superintendent
and then the communications
department took it from there
and said we would love to
distribute this video."
THE RESPONSE IS POURING IN -
"I )ve been getting a lot of
feedback from the community from
fellow educators saying thank
you for sharing this, it really
lifted my spirits, it )s been a
truly awesome response."
MAKING THIS VIDEO TO PUT A SMILE
ON PEOPLES FACES -
"I know these have been the
most uncertain of times but the
thing that has really got us
through this has been music."
NATPOP: (HIM SINGING) SOON YOULL
SEE, YOULL REMEMBER HOW SCHOOL
USED TO BE.
THE MUSICIANS IN THE SCHOOL
DISTRICT COLLABORATE WITH EACH
OTHER AND HOPE TO CONTINUE
FINDING CREATIVE WAYS TO
ENCOURAGE THEIR STUDENTS.
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[Everyone] Ninja spin!
[Brody] Our sensors said
a monster would be here,
but all I see are kudabots.
[Sarah] And there's a lot of them.
[Hayley] Look who else is here!
It's Aiden!
You still think he's just a show-off?
Come on!
Get to safety!
Run!
(laser blasts)
[Brody] Back off!
Thanks for helping bro.
We can take it from here.
Cool!
[Brody] Go!
There's so many kudabots.
[Preston] But no monster anywhere!
That's weird!
[Calvin] I've got a
bad feeling about this!
[Sarah] Hey guys!
What if this is just a distraction?
[Levi] Ya-hoo!
Then it's working.
There are tons of them!
(laughter)
Which ranger shall I poison today?
[Announcer] Let's here
it for shoshi poison!
[Brody] Yes!
[Preston] Good work everybody!
You too Aiden!
[Aiden] Sure!
[Calvin] Good work!
Bison gold, you're going down.
[Brody] No!
(energy drain)
No!
Brody!
Got the red ranger, even better!
Back off, and what did
you do to my brother?!
I hit one Madame Odius.
He's tasted ToxiTea's poison!
You can't save him unless
you have the antidote!
[Hayley] Give it to us right now!
Fine, but in exchange
I get your power stars!
No, don't do it!
You'll be changing
your tune soon enough.
Give us the power starts before sunset,
or the red ranger is finished.
(laughter)
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hey guys this is Goku and today we're
gonna be talking about body language at the poker table
you will observe specific things that people do at the table
that might tell you about the
strength of their hands
we'll go over 13 most common poker tells, so let's get right into it!
let's first discuss common tells at the
poker table.
players stacks his chips very neatly
first things he does
after winning a pot is making sure all
the new chips are added to the stack
in a neat way
such players will usually play tight and very calculated game
if such a player makes another stack and puts it on the side, it's usually his profit
and so you can take advatage of that by betting more than his side stack
player stacks his chips randomly
such players will usually play a loose game
and they'll like to gamble more
player wins a big pot and doesn't
finish stacking up his chips because he's
getting involved in another pot. It
usually means they received a pretty
good hand. If it were rags, they'd just
throw it away immediately and finish
stacking up the chips
player shows his hand to someone who
isn't involved in the pot
you should watch the person who looks at the hand
for tells.
if he does any sad face or sigh or
anything indicating that the hand is
weak, it is likely the other way around and
the hand is strong. He'll likely act in a
manner opposite to the strength of the
hand he's seen. If you don't spot any
tells from the person watching the hand
you should assume the hand is somewhat
strong as players will rarely show bluffs or weak hands
player seems nervous.
You'd think surely he's bluffing but
surprisingly he is actually more likely to
have a big hand. Even novice players tend
to disguise being nervous when they're
bluffing and do their best to look calm
so when you see a player begin to shake
noticeably, you should assume that it's
more likely that his hand is strong.
Additionally if you see signs of
impatience like tapping his fingers on
the table, it's even more likely because
a bluffing player would generally try
not to show any tells and he certainly
wouldn't show impatience
a player double checks his
cards.
There comes a flash on the board and the player double checks his cards. You can be quite sure he doesn't
have two cards of this suit because he
would remember that. He's only checking
whether he has one card of the suit
player engages in a conversation in a
relaxed and rational manner
it's an indication of having a strong hand. If
you're bluffing, it's much harder to talk
freely, as you're using a lot of your
energy to disguise the bluff
oh yeah, did you hear about that new james bond movie?
I thought I was amazing
it's just they did such a great job
Player is smiling at you
Well if the smile is genuine then he's likely to have a strong hand
On the other hand if
you see a forced smile there's a good chance he's bluffing
player is very animated
It's similar to showing impatience and it's an indicator of being strong.
A buffing player tries
to remain as stoic as possible not to trigger I call anyhow
Player glances at their chips
It's a strong indicator of having a good hand and wanting to bet
the glance we're talking about is just a brief one
when players just stare at their
chips, it's not a tell, but when they
quickly glance it is usually unconscious
and so not an act
player takes a long time to act
it's an indicator of a difficult decision
player goes out of his way to act weak
that's what it is. Just acting.
why would a player who's bluffing give you the exact
tell that he is.
such a such a difficult decision... I don't
know... should I fold? I don't have much...
I don't know... what should I do? I have a really bad hand. A really bad hand...
but I think you're bluffing and I'm gonna call your bluff!
Player goes out of his way to act strong
again real tells that you will learn to pick up are usually small and unconcius movements
or changes in the routine of a specific player.
When it
looks like an act, it usually is
so when someone wants to look like he's strong
he's usually weak
I have a very strong hand
I think I have you beat
I'm thinking how much should I bet to get paid off
I'm thinking 2 thousand
what's your move?
so now you know 13 most common poker tells.
next time you're at the table pay special attention to all the other players and their behavior
it's a good idea to watch this video a couple of times to really memorize all these tells
so next time when you go play live poker, watch this video right before you leave and when you come back
let me know how many tells you spotted and whether they helped you make better decisions
let me know how many times you spot it
and whether they helped you make better decisions
thanks so much for watching
and wow you are really quite a player right now
keep it up man!
if you like this lesson, please share it
with your friends, click the like button
and subscribe for more future videos!
now go play poker!
seriously, go!
You can
have all the theory you want, but if you don't practice, you will not improve much.
this course gives you everything you need to know to beat the small stakes games
but it doesn't give you practice!
you absolutely have to play at least a
couple hundred of hands after every
lesson if you want to improve your game
I'm sure you're going to have a ball
so see you in the next lesson!
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Turkish:
Efendimiz onlara;Bütün dünyaya gidin...
ve İncil'i her canlıya vaaz edin dedi.
Ferreira bizim için bir kayıp
Toplum içinde Tanrıyı kınadı ve inancına teslim oldu.
Bu imkansız,
Peder Ferreira inancımızı Japonya'nın her yerine yaymak için hayatını riske attı.
Görünen o ki buradaki görevimiz her zamankinden daha acil.
Gidip peder Ferreira'yı bulmalıyız.
- Her ikinizin de içinden geçen bu mu?
- Evet.
O zaman bunun size Tanrı'nın hediyesi olduğuna inanmalıyım.
O ülkeye ayak bastığınız an...
...kendinizi büyük bir tehlikenin içinde bulacaksınız.
Hungarian:
A mi urunk azt mondta nekik: Járjátok a világot,
és prédikáljátok az evangéliumot, minden élőlénynek.
Ferreira-t elvesztettük.
Nyilvánosan lemondott Istenről, és feladta a hitét.
Ez lehetetlen,
Ferreira atya az életét kockáztatta, hogy hírdesse a hitünket, egész Japánban.
Úgy látom a mi küldetésünk sürgősebb mint valaha.
El kell mennünk meg keresni Ferreira atyát.
-Benne van ez a szívetekbe, mindkettőtökben?
- Igen.
Akkor abban bízom Isten tette oda.
A pillanat amikor beléptek abba az országban,
nagy veszélybe léptek.
Serbian:
Наш Господ им рече: Идите по целом свету.
и проповедајте јеванђеље сваком живом бићу.
Фереира је за нас изгубљен.
Он је јавно одбацио Бога и одрекао се своје веру.
То није могуће.
Отац Фереира је ризиковао свој живот да шири нашу веру широм Јапана.
Чини ми се да нам је та мисија потребнија него икада.
Морамо пронаћи оца Фереиру.
- То је у вашим срцима? - Да.
Онда морам да верујем вам је то Бог подарио.
У тренутку кад ступите на тло те земље,
чека вас велика опасност.
Polish:
Nasz pan powiedział do nich: Idźcie do ogromnego świata
I głoście ewangelię dla każdej żyjącej istoty.
Ferriera już nie ma dla nas
Potępił Boga publicznie i przegrał walkę.
To nie możliwe,
Ojciec Ferriera ryzykował życiem, by rozprzestrzenić walkę na całą Japonię.
Wygląda mi na to, że nasza misja tutaj jest bardziej nagła niż kiedykolwiek.
Musimy iść i znaleźć ojca Ferriera.
-To znajduje się w waszych sercach w obu z was -Tak.
Tylko muszę uwierzyć, że Bóg to tam umieścił.
Ten moment, kiedy stanąłeś stopą w tym kraju.
Wdepnąłeś w wielkie niebezpieczeństwo.
Italian:
Il nostro signore ha detto loro: Andate per tutto il mondo.
E predicate il Vangelo ad ogni creatura vivente.
Ferreira è smarrito per noi.
Ha denunciato Dio in pubblico e ha rinunciato alla fede.
Non e possibile,
Padre Ferreira ha rischiato la sua vita per diffondere la nostra fede per tutto il Giappone.
Mi sembra che la nostra missione qui sia più urgente che mai.
Dobbiamo andare e trovare il padre Ferreira.
Questo è nei cuori di entrambi? - Sì.
Allora devo confidare in Dio che ve lo ha trasmesso.
Nel momento in cui mettete piede in quel paese,
Camminate nel pericolo.
Spanish:
Nuestro señor les dijo: Vallan por todo el mundo.
Y prediquen el evangelio a toda criatura viviente.
Ferreira está perdido para nosotros.
Denunció a Dios en público y renunció a la Fe.
Eso no es posible.
El Padre Ferreira arriesgó su vida para proclamar la Fe por todo Japón.
Me parece que nuestra misión aquí es más urgente que nunca.
Tenemos que ir y encontrar al padre Ferreira.
-¿Esto nace del corazón de ambos?
-Sí.
Entonces debo creer que Dios lo puso ahí.
En el momento en que pongan pie en ese país.
Están entrando en un alto peligro.
English:
Our lord said to them:
Go ye into the whole world.
And preach the gospel to every living creature.
Ferreira is lost to us.
He denounced God in public and surrendered the faith.
Thats not possible,
Father Ferreira risked his life to spread our faith all over Japan.
It seems to me that our mission here is more urgent then ever.
We must go and find father Ferreira.
- This is in your hearts in both of you?
- Yes.
Then I must trust God has put it there.
The moment you set foot in that country.
You step into high danger.
German:
Unser Herr sprach zu ihnen: Geht in die ganze Welt.
Und teilt das Evangelium mit jedem lebenden Wesen.
Ferreira ist verloren.
Er verurteilte Gott öffentlich und gab seinen Glauben auf.
Das ist unmöglich,
Vater Ferreira riskierte sein Leben, um unseren Glauben überall in Japan zu verbreiten.
Mir erscheint es unsere Aufgabe hier ist wichtiger denn je.
Wir müssen gehen und Vater Ferreira finden.
- Seid ihr beide damit einverstanden? - Ja.
Dann muss ich Gott vertrauen, dass das stimmt.
Ab dem Moment, in dem ihr dieses Land betretet ...
werdet ihr euch in große Gefahr begeben.
French:
Notre Seigneur leur dit:
Allez dans le monde entier
et prêchez l’Évangile à toute créature vivante.
Ferreira est perdu pour nous.
Il a fustigé Dieu en public et a abjuré sa foi.
Ce n'est pas possible,
Père Ferreira a risqué sa vie pour répandre notre foi dans tout le Japon.
Il me semble que notre mission ici soit plus urgente que jamais.
Nous devons aller chercher le Père Ferreira.
- C'est ce que vous désirez tous les deux?
- Oui.
Alors je dois croire que c'est la volonté de Dieu.
Le moment où vous mettrez le pied dans ce pays,
vous serez en grave danger.
Portuguese:
E o Senhor disse: ide por todo o mundo
e pregai o evangelho a todas as criaturas.
Perdemos o Ferreira.
Denunciou Deus em público e renunciou a sua fé.
Impossível.
O padre Ferreira arriscou a vida para espalhar a nossa fé pelo Japão.
Parece-me que a nossa missão é mais urgente que nunca.
Temos de ir à procura do padre Ferreira.
- É isso sentem nos vossos corações?
- Sim.
Então resta-me acreditar que é a vontade de Deus.
A partir do momento em que puserem os pés nesse país
estarão em perigo.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Ο Κύριος μας τους είπε:
Πηγαίνετε εσείς σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο.
Και κηρύξτε το ευαγγέλιο σε κάθε ζωντανό πλάσμα.
Ο Φερέιρα έχει χαθεί για εμάς.
Κατήγγειλε τον Θεό δημόσια και παρέδωσε την πίστη.
Αυτό δεν είναι δυνατό,
Ο πατέρας Ferreira διακινδύνευσε τη ζωή του για να διαδώσει την πίστη μας σε όλη την Ιαπωνία.
Μου φαίνεται ότι η αποστολή μας εδώ είναι περισσότερο επείγουσα από ποτέ.
Πρέπει να πάμε και να βρούμε τον πατέρα Ferreira.
- Αυτό είναι μες στις καρδιές και των δυο σας;
- Ναι.
Τότε θα πρέπει να εμπιστευτώ πως ο Θεός το έχει βάλει εκεί.
Την στιγμή που θα πατήσεις το πόδι σου στη χώρα αυτή.
Βαδίζεις σε υψηλό κίνδυνο.
Dutch:
De Heer zei tegen ons: Trek de wijde wereld in...
en vertel het geloof aan ieder levend wezen.
Ferreira is niet langer onder ons.
Hij zwoer God publiekelijk af en gaf zijn geloof op.
Dat is onmogelijk...
Vader Ferreira riskeerde zijn leven om ons
geloof te verspreiden in Japan.
Het lijkt erop dat onze missie hier
dringender is dan ooit.
We moeten Vader Ferreira vinden.
Dit is wat jullie beide verlangen?
- Ja.
Dan moet ik erop vertrouwen dat God het daar geplaatst heeft.
Het moment dat je een voet zet in dat land...
loop je gevaar.
Chinese:
我們的主對他們說，你們要到全世界去，向萬人傳福音。
把福音傳遞給世上的所有生靈。
費雷拉不再相信我們了。
他當眾斥責上帝並放棄了他的信仰。
那是不可能的，
費雷拉神父冒著他的生命危險，到日本傳遞福音。
看來我們這裡的任務比以前更加急迫。
我們一定要把費雷拉神父找回來。
這是你們兩位心中的想法？
是的。
那麼我只好相信主已經做了安排。
在你們踏上那個國家的一刻，
就是讓你們陷入高度危險之中的時刻。
Vietnamese:
Chúa chúng tôi nói với họ: Hãy đi khắp thế gian.
Và giảng phúc âm cho mọi sinh vật.
Ferreira đã mất chúng tôi.
Ông cáo buộc Chúa trước công chúng
và rồi cúi đầu trước đức tin.
Điều đó là không thể
Cha Ferreira đã liều mạng để truyền bá đức tin của chúng ta trên khắp Nhật Bản.
Đối với tôi sứ mệnh này là cấp bách hơn bao giờ hết.
Chúng ta phải đi tìm cha Ferreira.
-Đây là trong trái tim của bạn trong cả hai cậu?
- Vâng.
Sau đó, tôi phải tin tưởng Đức Chúa Trời đã đặt nó ở đó.
Thời điểm bạn đặt chân vào đất nước đó.
Bạn bước vào nguy hiểm cao.
Russian:
Наш Бог сказал им: "Идите по всему миру."
и проповедуйте библию каждому живому существу.
Феррейра потерян для нас.
Он осудил господа публично и предал веру.
Этого не может быть,
Отец Феррейра рисковал своей жизнью, чтобы распространять нашу веру по всей Японии.
Похоже, что наша миссия здесь важна как никогда.
Мы должны отправиться на поиски отца Феррейру.
Это в сердце у вас обоих? - Да.
Тогда я должен верить, что Бог вложил это туда.
В момент, когда вы ступили в эту страну
вы оказались в большой опасности.
Indonesian:
Tuhan kita berkata kepada mereka:
Pergilah ke seluruh dunia.
Dan beritakan Kabar Baik itu kepada segala makhluk hidup.
Ferreira hilang bagi kami.
Dia mencela Tuhan di depan umum dan menyerahkan keimanannya.
Itu tidak mungkin,
Ayah Ferreira mempertaruhkan hidupnya untuk menyebarkan kepercayaan kita di seluruh Jepang.
Menurut saya bahwa misi kita di sini adalah lebih mendesak dari yang pernah.
Kita harus pergi dan menemukan ayah Ferreira.
- Ini ada di dalam hati kalian berdua?
- Ya.
Lalu aku harus percaya Tuhan telah meletakkannya di sana.
Saat kau menginjakkan kaki di negara itu.
Kau melangkah ke bahaya yang tinggi.
French:
Le prix de votre gloire est leur souffrance.
C'est trop dangereux.
Nous avons voulu cette mission.
Polish:
Ich cierpienie jest ceną za twoją sławę.
To zbyt niebezpieczne.
Prosiliśmy o tą misję.
Spanish:
El precio de su gloria es su sufrimiento.
Es demasiado peligroso.
Nosotros pedimos esta misión.
Chinese:
你們的榮耀，代價就是他們的苦難。
它太危險了。
這個任務是我們主動請求的。
Indonesian:
Harga untuk kemuliaan kau adalah penderitaan mereka.
Ini terlalu berbahaya.
Kami bertanya untuk misi ini.
Vietnamese:
Giá cho vinh quang của bạn là đau khổ của họ.
Nó quá nguy hiểm.
Chúng tôi yêu cầu nhiệm vụ này.
Turkish:
Senin mutluluğunun bedeli , onların çilesi.
Çok tehlikeli.
Bunu biz istedik.
Hungarian:
A te dicsőséged ára, az ő szenvedésük.
Ez túl veszélyes.
Mi akartuk ezt a küldetést.
Portuguese:
O preço da vossa glória é o sofrimento deles.
É demasiado perigoso!
Fomos nós que pedimos por esta missão.
Russian:
Цена вашей славы - это их страдание.
Это слишком опасно.
Мы просили об этой миссии.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Η τιμή για τη δόξα σας είναι η ταλαιπωρία τους.
Είναι πολύ επικίνδυνο.
Εμείς ζητήσαμε την αποστολή αυτή.
Dutch:
De prijs voor jouw geloof is hun lijden.
Het is te gevaarlijk.
We vroegen om deze missie.
Italian:
Il prezzo per la vostra gloria è la loro sofferenza.
E' troppo pericoloso.
Abbiamo chiesto per questa missione.
English:
The price for your glory is their suffering.
It's too dangerous.
We asked for this mission.
Serbian:
Цена за твоју славу је њихова патња.
То је превише опасно.
Тражили смо ову мисију.
German:
Der Preis für euren Ruhm, ist deren Leiden.
Es ist zu gefährlich.
Wir wollten diese Mission erledigen.
Italian:
Io prego ma mi sono perso.
Sto solo pregando al "Silenzio"?
SILENZIO
PROSSIMAMENTE
Chinese:
我祈禱了，但是我卻迷失了。
我是否對「沉默」做禱告呢?
沉默
即將上映
Hungarian:
Imádkozom de elvesztem.
Talán csak a "csendhez" imádkozom?
Portuguese:
Rezo, mas continuo perdido.
Estarei apenas a rezar ao silêncio?
Silêncio
Brevemente
Spanish:
Rezo pero estoy perdido.
¿Estoy rezándole al "Silencio"?
SILENCIO
MUY PRONTO
Vietnamese:
Tôi cầu nguyện nhưng tôi bị lạc.
Tôi chỉ cầu nguyện để "Im lặng"?
Turkish:
Dua ediyorum , ama kayboldum...
...sadece sessizliğe mi dua ediyorum?
SESSİZLİK
ÇOK YAKINDA
German:
Ich bete aber ich bin verloren.
Bete ich nur zu der Stille?
[Stille]
BALD IM KINO
Indonesian:
Aku berdoa tetapi aku tersesat.
Apakah aku hanya berdoa kepada "Kesunyian"?
DIAM
SEGERA
Polish:
Modlę się, ale jestem zgubiony.
Czy ja modlę się jedynie do ,,Ciszy''?
CISZA
JUŻ WKRÓTCE
English:
I pray but I'm lost.
Am I just praying to "Silence"?
SILENCE
COMING SOON
French:
Je prie, mais je suis perdu.
Le «Silence» est-il la seule réponse à mes prières?
SILENCE
Bientôt au cinéma
Serbian:
Молим се, али сам изгубљен.
Молим ли се само "Тишини"?
ТИШИНА
УСКОРО
Dutch:
Ik bid, maar ik ben verloren.
Bid ik gewoon naar stilte?
Binnenkort te zien.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Προσεύχομαι, αλλά είμαι χαμένος.
Μήπως απλά προσεύχομαι «Σιωπή»;
ΣΙΩΠΗ
ΕΡΧΕΤΑΙ ΣΥΝΤΟΜΑ
Russian:
Я молюсь, но я запутался.
Неужели я молюсь "Молчанию"?
МОЛЧАНИЕ
СКОРО
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello, I’m Nikki Kavouklis, President and
Attorney at Zen 4 Law, a place where law and
inspiration meet.
For the past 22 years, I’ve been practicing
personal injury law.
During that time, I’ve seen my clients feel
deflated by the legal process.
As a result, I’ve written a series of affirmations
to help uplift and inspire my clients.
Here’s your affirmation for today: “My
legal battle has taught me many life lessons.
I am grateful for the education.”
Repeat this affirmation to yourself as you
proceed forward through your legal battle.
Remember, whatever is going on in your life
is there to teach you a valuable life lesson.
You will, in fact, come out the other side
a stronger, more inspired person.
Love and blessings, Nikki Kavouklis.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Of all the questions I get asked about minimalism,
the most common by far is this:
"How do I get my partner, or my spouse on board with minimalism?"
♪
Well, there are no easy answers to this question.
However, there are three things that I think we can do to help get our spouses on board with owning less,
and they involve the right
words, at the right time, with the right attitude.
First of all, we use the right words.
I find that so many conversations about stuff, and clutter, and possessions, occur when we are frustrated.
We can't find something in the house, the
closet doesn't shut, we can't park in the garage,
the credit card statement shows up
and we open it up.
And out of frustration, we get upset, and we say something like,
"Ugh, I'm just tired of all your stuff around here all the time!"
That is not the right way to have this conversation.
Go out for coffee, have a nice dinner, have
a rational, thoughtful conversation about
what is most important to us as a family,
what do we want to accomplish with our family,
what would we do if we had more money and time and energy?
And start making the case for owning less in a rational way.
Also think through, what might draw them to owning less?
The benefits of owning less that draw you
to the lifestyle might be different than what
would resonate most with them.
So start with the right words.
The second thing is to do this at the right
time.
Look, it is always easier to see everyone
else's clutter than it is to see our own.
But if you're going to start your minimizing journey by getting rid of all of your spouse's stuff first,
I would warn you against it.
That's a big mistake.
Much like I said in the video when talking
about getting rid of kid's things first, it's
actually very unfair.
We need to get rid of own things first.
Handle your side of the closet, handle your garage, handle your side of the office,
your kitchen, your arts and crafts room, your basement, whatever it might be.
Get rid of your things first, and then, when
the time is right, start talking to them about
shared spaces, and minimizing some of their possessions.
So we use the right words, we approach this at the right time,
and third, with the right attitude.
Always, always, motivated out of love.
That we're doing this to better our family,
to better our relationship.
So approach it with love, approach it with
humility, that you're not a perfect person either.
That just because you are being challenged to own less and improve yourself in that way,
doesn't mean that your spouse or partner isn't growing in some other way, and changing for
the positive in some other fashion in their
life.
So we approach it with love and humility,
and third, patience.
We approach this conversation with patience.
I was once speaking at an event in Dallas
where I had a lady stand up in the front row
and she said to me, "Look, I have been trying for five years to get my husband on board
with minimalism.
I've been modeling it, I've been living as
an example."
She said, "Just last week, he came to me and he said, 'You know that minimalism thing you've
been talking about?
I think I'm finally starting to understand
why you do it.'"
I think her story is important because, number one,
I do believe that minimalism wins out in the end.
That the benefits of owning less eventually win out at some point.
But second of all, this doesn't always happen overnight.
Sometimes it takes more than a week, or three months, or even three years, for her it took
five years of living this out before her spouse understood the reasoning behind it.
So as you seek to get your spouse on board with minimalism, no it's not always easy.
But know that when we approach it with the
right words, at the right time, with the right
attitude, we'll be far more successful.
But we lead by example, we model minimalism, we enjoy the benefits in our own life.
We enjoy the benefits that half-minimalism brings to the family, and eventually,
our spouses will come on board, and will be in with you on the journey to own less and live more.
♪
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
I've reached.
- 'How long has it been?'
I have been waiting since
ten minutes.
When will you come?
'I'll be there in five minutes.'
'There's a chapter in my life'
'nobody is aware about.'
'And this will remain
a secret as long as I am alive.'
I want it
to remain a secret forever
even after my death.
This is
what I had thought.
But this was
never going to happen.
At times, what we get
to hear is just an opinion
not the truth.
At times,
what we see is the picture
made by
someone's thoughts.
It is not necessary
for that to be the truth.
Sir, I was passing by Dumna..
A-And I spotted the dead
body of a woman in the bushes.
{\an5}Sir, there is no mark
on the victim's body
{\an5}which would help us
identify her.
{\an5}And we didn't
even find her phone.
{\an5}Dubey!
Did you find something?
{\an5}Nothing yet, sir.
{\an5}Sir, judging by her clothes
{\an5}it seems that she
hails from a well-to-do family.
And I feel that she
has been sexually assaulted.
It seems,
she was attacked using a knife.
Her wound suggests that she
was not attacked too long ago.
It has barely been eight hours
that she has been murdered.
You mean to say, she
was murdered between 11-12 p.m.
yesterday, on the
26th of October.. - Right.
Her throat was slit
using a knife.
Rape?
- Gang rape.
Did you find samples
of semen? - No.
It is possible that all
the rapists used condoms.
Any birth mark or any other mark
which can help
us identify the victim?
No, Inspector.
But there is something..
High levels of alcohol
have been found in her blood.
Rape and alcohol..
She may have been made to drink
forcibly. - Quite possible.
Is there any sign of struggle?
- Negligible.
Maybe, she couldn't struggle
much as she was intoxicated.
Doctor, how old was she?
Between 35 to 38 years.
'Height, 5 feet 4 inches.
Age, between 35 to 38 years.'
'Complexion, wheatish.'
'A corpse was found in Dumna,
near Jabalpur.'
'The corpse of a
woman has been recovered'
'from Dumna, Jabalpur.'
'Her complexion is wheatish.'
'And her age is between
35 to 38 years.'
'Height 5 feet 4 inches.'
'If anyone has any
information about this woman'
'contact Rajgir police
station, Jabalpur, immediately.'
The murder was committed on
the night, day before yesterday
between 11 to 12 p.m.
A missing complaint
may have been lodged.
Extract all missing complaints
lodged in the last two days.
I'm sending you the
fingerprints of the victim.
Match them
with the Aadhaar data.
We have no other
means to identify her
and no matching
missing complaint either.
Priyanka.. Priyanka!
What happened?
Priyanka, look at this.!
Sister Meenakshi!
What has happened
to Sister Meenakshi?
I don't know. Somebody
just forwarded it to me.
It says, her corpse has
been recovered from near Dumna.
But Sister Sunita
had stayed back in Danapur
after Diwali,
with Meenakshi, right?
Call Sister Sunita up.
Hello, Kapil.. Tell me.
Sister-in-law.. Where
is Sister-in-law Meenakshi?
She had gone out
to attend to some work.
She'd left on the 26th.
- Where was she supposed to go?
Did you talk to her?
- No..
I mean,
I tried calling her many times.
But her number is switched
off since last two days.
I'm forwarding you a photo.
Just take a look.
Rajiv.. S-She is
Sister Meenakshi for sure.
Yes. It is her.
But how did this happen
and why?
Sir, the victim's name
is Meenakshi Gupta.
She is from Danapur.
Meenakshi Gupta's three sisters
and their husbands
are coming here.
By the way, sir..
Meenakshi Gupta was
a reputed woman in Danapur.
Why did she
come to Jabalpur?
They say they
have no idea about that.
We got Meenakshi Gupta's
mobile number from them
and it is switched off.
'Vikas Khandelwal.'
'Shalini Khandelwal.'
'Sunita Mahajan.'
'Priyanka Jaiswal.'
'Rajiv Mahajan.'
'Kapil Jaiswal.'
'Dinkar Patel.'
What are you
in such a hurry, Ashish?
Why were you
pressing it so aggressively?
A disaster has happened.
Ms. Meenakshi has been killed!
What are you saying?
- Look at this.
I received
a forwarded message.
'Toilet. Courtesy,
Meenakshi Gupta. 2016.'
'Drinking water. Courtesy,
Meenakshi Gupta. 2015.'
'Reading room. Courtesy,
Meenakshi Gupta. 2014.'
'Courtesy, Ms. Meenakshi Gupta.
2015.'
'Courtesy, Ms. Meenakshi Gupta.
2015.'
'For any enquiry regarding
Aadhaar card, PAN card'
'ration card, passport,
driving license'
'- contact, Meenakshi Gupta.
- 444567891.' - Dixit.
Meenakshi Gupta was
a reputed woman in Danapur.
She was a social
worker too.
But surprisingly
Ms. Meenakshi
has not returned home
for three days now.
But her family members
didn't file a missing complaint.
Laxman, we have asked for the
call records of Meenakshi Gupta.
Till then, find out
with whom Meenakshi Gupta
had come to
Jabalpur from Danapur.
Sister Meenakshi!
How did this happen, ma'am?
Who did this and why?
H-How did Meenakshi
come to Jabalpur?
It's us who have
a lot of questions to ask you.
How did Meenakshi Gupta
reach Jabalpur
and where was
she supposed to go?
You are going
to answer these questions.
It's been two days
since we found her corpse.
However, none of you lodged
a missing complaint against her
in the police station
in Danapur!
We all were
together in Danapur
till Diwali.
We headed for our home on 22nd
October, in the afternoon.
Sir, we too, left from there
on the 22nd.
Only Rajeev and Sunita
stayed back with Meenakshi.
Could you all
introduce yourselves?
Sir, I am Vikas Khandelwal.
I am a resident of Kishangarh.
It's near Danapur.
I run a restaurant.
I am Shalini's husband.
I am Shalini. I am the eldest
of all the four sisters.
Meenakshi was born after me.
I am Sunita.
I was born after Meenakshi.
He is my husband,
Rajeev Mahajan.
We reside in Bhedaghat, sir.
Sir, my name is Kapil Jaiswal
and she is my wife
Priyanka Jaiswal.
She is the youngest.
We stay in Damoh.
Where is Meenakshi's husband?
Meenakshi didn't marry.
- Okay.
Since when was she
staying in Danapur?
We four were born and brought up
in Danapur.
The house where
Meenakshi used to stay
is our maternal house.
What about your parents?
They died long back.
Meenakshi raised me and Priyanka
as her daughters.
We all celebrate every festival
in Danapur.
On the 26th, when she left home,
did Meenakshi tell you
where was she headed
and to meet whom?
No, she didn't say anything.
After having her evening tea
she left home at around
4:45 p.m.
Sunita
I am going out
for a while.
Okay, Sister.
Sir, Meenakshi
had to go out almost everyday
for some
work related purpose.
Many people used to visit her,
she used to visit them as well.
Sir, you must have
got to know of it already.
Meenakshi was a social worker.
Sir, she also owns a dhaba
on the Danapur highway.
It does good business.
Meenakshi built everything
on her own.
Sunita, we now know that
Meenakshi didn't inform you
whom she was going to meet.
However, she might have told you
when she will return.
Before or after dinner time..
No, Sister didn't say anything.
When she didn't return
on 26th, 27th, 28th
and today is 29th,
weren't you worried?
You didn't lodge
any missing complaint!
That's not true, sir.
Sunita tried calling
on her number many times.
However, her phone
was switched off.
Rajeev, Meenakshi didn't
come home last night.
Moreover,
her phone is switched off.
She must have got busy
with some work.
Maybe,
her phone battery died.
Sir, I tried calling her
yesterday and today as well.
However, her phone
was switched off.
Your sister's phone
was switched off for three days!
Even then you didn't
get suspicious?
We are feeling weird
just by hearing about it.
Ms. Sunita, why would a woman
not carry a bag along with her
when she knew that she
had to stay overnight somewhere.
You are the one to say that
Meenakshi's body was found
in the same clothes
she wore when she left!
Ma'am, the thing is, Meenakshi
was the master of her own mind.
She has worked
for the betterment of Danapur.
Everyone in Danapur knows her.
Whatever I am going to say
might upset you.
Before she was murdered
Meenakshi Gupta was gang raped.
During the time
of rape and murder
her blood had
excess levels of alcohol.
However, it's difficult to say
whether she was forced
to consume alcohol or she
consumed it willingly.
She must have been
forced to consume it, sir.
Forget about alcohol, Meenakshi
never even ate Paans!
Who committed this
brutal and heinous crime, sir?
We have more number
of questions to ask you
than you have for us.
If only you all
answer us truthfully
we will be able to find out who
committed this crime and why.
Madhuri, on 26th October,
Meenakshi Gupta's phone
got switched off in Jabalpur.
Look, the last call which
she received on her number
was at 05:03 p.m.
Hello!
- Which place is this?
You have dialed the number
of a PCO in Danapur.
Who is this speaking?
I am calling from
the Jabalpur Police station.
Yes, sir, tell me.
My name is Kamal Chaurasia.
I own a grocery shop.
Do you know Meenakshi Gupta?
Who doesn't know her
in Danapur, sir?
Everyone here is upset
to hear this unfortunate news.
On 26th October, 05:03 p.m.,
Meenakshi received a call
from your PCO.
Who had made that call?
On 26th October, 05:03 p.m.!
Kamal Chaurasia, the last call
to Meenakshi was made from here.
Sir,
the phone is kept over there.
People come here, insert coins
and make calls.
I don't pay much attention.
Mr. Chaurasia, it cannot be that
people flock here
in large numbers
to make calls!
Most have mobiles nowadays!
Moreover, Danapur
isn't a big village.
Sire, Ms. Meenakshi
meant a lot to us.
I am really feeling bad.
I am not able to remember
who had come here
to make the call that day.
But please don't
spare that person.
Don't spare anyone.
Shalini, Sunita and Priyanka
the three sisters.. And their
husbands, Vikas,
Rajiv and Kapil.
Extract all
their phone records.
Find out where they were
on the 26th and the day after.
Meenakshi has been
missing since the 26th
and nobody is worried! - Sir,
they were worried but only
about getting caught.
That's why she was
brought all the way to Jabalpur
and killed, away from Danapur.
And she must have come to
Jabalpur to meet
an acquaintance.
Sir, we are already
questioning all those
who feature in her call records.
Sir, Meenakshi Gupta had
passed by the Danapur market
on the 26th,
at around 4:45 p.m.
She was alone.
- Greetings, ma'am. - Greetings.
Ms. Meenakshi, greetings.
Greetings, Mr. Dinesh.
Greetings on Diwali.
- Same to you.
But no one
noticed where she went.
Is this local leader, Dinkar
Patel, involved in any manner?
These politicians
are just so masterful.
I haven't heard anything
suspicious about him yet
but still, I have deployed
three men to keep an eye on him.
Meenakshi Gupta was a
social worker.
So she must have
had tiffs with people.
We have got to know
about two such matters.
One is about Nakul Pal.
Nakul Pal's
right hand is injured.
He has suffered
a deep wound.
He'd got his wound bandaged
on 27th morning at
the civil hospital.
Sir, it maybe that
he got his hand injured
when he was trying
to slit Meenakshi's throat.
What was the tiff that Nakul
and Meenakshi
had all about?
Sir, Nakul is very arrogant.
He is Meenakshi's neighbour.
Nakul!
Take your bike away from here!
This road is
meant for the public.
This is not
your private property.
So, please understand this..
The city of Danapur
is not your private property
that you can
lecture anyone at any time.
And how is my
bike obstructing you?
This is not right.
- I will pay for my mistake.
Who are you to punish me?
Ms. Meenakshi, you can behave
in this manner
with someone else.
Don't try this on me.
I have just punctured
the tyres today.
I will remove the tyres
the next time.
I will dismantle your bike
and give it to the
rag picker for free.
Do you think I will not
take a step?
Don't brag about
your manhood by arguing with me.
Mend your ways
and do something good.
So you are
taunting me now?
I am not taunting you!
I am giving you an advice.
I am elder to you and
am teaching you something good.
It will be good
for you if you listen to me.
I have already suffered a loss,
Ms. Meenakshi.
I had a very important
meeting today and
now, I won't be able to
reach on time because of you.
That's all right.
I will teach you a lesson.
So, this was all about Nakul's
case, Meenakshi's neighbour.
What about the other case?
The second one
is about Mohanlal Yadav.
The Manager at
Meenakshi's dhaba.
Ms. Meenakshi, I have never
accepted payments from
the customers without
making a bill.
Don't you trust me even
after working for five years?
I asked Lucky to record this
for two days and
this clearly
shows that you accepted payments
from table number 14,
without making the bill.
And you kept
that money with you.
And six to seven of them
were tourists and taxi drivers.
I can get their details.
Shall I get them here?
I need to get
my sister married.
You need to get
your sister married.
Mother's ailment, father's
loan and daughter's studies..
You could have thought
of a better reason.
Forgive me, ma'am.
I made a mistake.
Please don't fire me.
Don't worry.
I won't oust you.
This shows that you
stole Rs. 1000 in just two days!
So, I can only
imagine the amount
you have stolen in five years!
Until you repay that money,
you will work here
without a payment.
How will I work without
a payment?
What will I send home?
You can fire me.
I will find another job.
If I fire you, I can
assure you that no one
will hire you
in entire Danapur.
If you call the police,
they won't spare you too.
Come on, leave!
Mohanlal Yadav's theft was
caught six months back.
He was very angry.
When Meenakshi Gupta
fired him, three months ago,
he didn't go there
to bid her goodbye.
Let's get Nakul Pal
and Mohanlal Yadav here.
Let's make them
spill the beans.
Lakshman, we ought to talk
to Dinkar Patel once.
It's possible that we might
get to know
another story from him.
Was it a knife, chopper or
something else?
None of the three.
This means you forced Meenakshi
to drink the alcohol
broke the bottle and
slashed her neck
using the glass
of the bottle!
Wasn't this your way of
teaching her a lesson?
If I had to teach her a lesson,
I would have, at the most
smeared black ink on
the toiler she has built.
Or, I would have broken
the windows of her house.
I can never
rape or murder someone.
Your hand was bandaged after
the day the crime was committed
your face was not.
If you
don't speak the truth
I will beat
you black and blue.
I have not gone out of Danapur
from the 26th till date.
Then,
how could I reach Jabalpur?
And Ms. Meenakshi used
to hate me!
Why will she travel with me
from here to there?
Who told you that Meenakshi
went out of Danapur
with someone?
Kamal Chaurasia is
questioning everyone
as to who called Ms. Meenakshi
from his shop on the 26th.
The person who called her
might have gone there.
That was you, Nakul.
She had just punctured
my bike tyres and nothing else.
So, why would I kill her?
Your hand is bandaged.
What will you say about it?
Ms. Meenakshi slapped you
and insulted too.
And you
suffered a heavy loss too.
Sir, Ms. Meenakshi
has suffered a loss.
I stole the money.
Please forgive me.
You were the one who had
an issue with her.
You were baying for her blood!
How many people were
involved in raping her?
Who slashed her throat?
Did you do it?
No, sir.
Sir, she was a
courageous woman.
She would dominate me. I could
never look into her eyes.
So, I could never have
raised my hand against her.
Sir, Shalini, Sunita and
Priyanka's call records
are absolutely clean.
Their husband's call records
are clean as well.
Did you confirm the last
location of these three
couples on the 26th?
Yes, sir. Kapil
and Priyanka were in Damoh.
Vikas and Shalini were
in Bhedaghat.
Sunita and Rajeev were in
Danapur, at Meenakshi's house.
That's what the phone
location report says.
Sunita, Meenakshi didn't
return for three days.
Why didn't you inform
anyone about the same?
I never thought such a
thing could happen.
I thought that if I would
say anything, it would
seem like a complaint.
Didn't you and Rajeev
get a doubt?
Didn't
you doubt a little? - We didn't.
That's why you are
doubting us, right?
You are interrogating me.
Stop with your drama, Sunita.
I am asking you since
Rajeev and you were here.
We two were the
only ones here, Sister!
Priyanka and you had left for
your houses after Diwali.
It was me who was
worried about Meenakshi.
She would always feel lonely.
I stayed back with her.
And now,
you are blaming us?
Come, Priyanka.
Do you want to ask me
any further questions?
I was wondering
why Sister Meenakshi
didn't carry
clothes with her or inform us.
Even her phone was unreachable
for three days.
How could you
not grow suspicious?
Why should I have?
Tell me why.
I have got her killed, right?
- Listen to me, Sunita.
But why did I do that?
And that too,
after getting her raped?
I don't know that.
Do this, sit here,
both of you, think of the reason
call the cops and ask
them to sentence me to death.
Sunita..
- Happy now? Tell me!
Do you want to say something,
Brother-in-law Vikas?
No!
Kapil?
Do you want to ask something?
But I want to tell
you something!
Listen, Meenakshi did not
return home for three days
and this sounds weird.
But we didn't think in our
wildest dreams that something
bad could have happened to her!
Do you understand?
Why are you guys
looking at me like that?
As if I know something.
As if I've done something!
Get inside!
Why are you asking me
about something that's useless?
Sir, I'm innocent,
I didn't do anything.
You got hurt
without doing anything?
This injury has nothing
to do with that incident.
Then which incident
is this related to?
Tell me!
I agree that Nakul is arrogant.
He is a bit aggressive.
But he would not do such
a despicable thing, sir!
And we were not in town
on that night, sir!
All three were out of Danapur?
Nakul and both of you?
No, I and Nakul's mother
had gone out of town.
Nakul was at home.
So, what happened
on the night of 26th
for which Nakul had to go
to the hospital on 27th?
He's not ready
to tell us anything.
Did he tell you something?
Listen, call Mr. Dixit! I'm
ready to tell him everything.
Ms. Meenakshi's murder
is a very shameful
and grievous incident and also
what happened before her murder.
But her murder has no connection
with politics, Inspector.
You seem to be sure about it.
Isn't it true that Ms. Meenakshi
used to take part in the
programs of your party?
She would take part
enthusiastically!
She had worked hard
during my election too!
Ms. Meenakshi was a
role model for the party!
But still, you say
that politics has nothing
to do with her murder.
There is a difference between
a political worker
and a politician.
A political worker
does only the work.
A politician
does the politics.
If anyone kills me, you can
surely suspect the opposition.
But Ms. Meenakshi
was a social worker!
She would help everyone.
If it's not political
enmity then what could it be?
She has three sisters.
Did you speak to them?
Yes, we did.
But all three of them are
unaware about the person
who called Meenakshi from
a PCO in Danapur that night
or who she went
to Jabalpur with
and who she
went there to meet.
Can you tell us
something regarding this?
I'd suggest that you investigate
her personal relationships.
I think, this is
something personal!
Like what?
I broke the beer bottle
in a fit of anger!
After making Meenakshi
drink it forcefully?
No, Ms. Meenakshi has no
connection at all!
Neither with me
nor with the bottle!
Actually, I was..
I was not alone on that night.
So, how many people were there?
There was a woman.
I mean, a girl, my girlfriend.
Mom and dad
were not at home. So..
Nakul, it's better
that we don't meet at all
instead of meeting discreetly!
We should break up!
Hey, why are you saying that,
Riya?
Will the truth change
if I don't say this?
Truth? What truth?
The truth that our
relationship has no future!
You cannot tell your family
that you're in love
with a girl from another caste.
And even I cannot
tell my family about you.
We just meet on the sly..
So?
Don't you like it?
I find it cheap!
I find it despicable!
As if I'm a..
Why did you do that, Nakul?
I'm sorry, I didn't mean that!
What did you just do?
Don't say a word, Riya.
I know that I behave
badly with you!
Even I want to marry you!
But I don't know why, we have
this caste system between us!
Her family was
unaware of our affair.
If they had come to know, sir
then they would've
killed us both!
First, they would've killed
her and then me!
That's why, I lost my mind
thinking about all this!
And I broke the bottle
because of which I got injured
and I went to the hospital
the next day to get it dressed!
What's Riya's full name?
Riya Mishra.
Give me her number.
Sir, please don't do this.
Sir, if you want,
you can beat me!
But sir, please don't involve
Riya in this case!
Sir, my parents don't know
that Riya had come
to our house that night.
And even Riya's
parents don't know of it.
Sir, this step of yours
can spell doom for us.
Nakul, give me the number!
I'm surprised!
How did none of her sisters
or any of her family members
mention about this yet?
Meenakshi Gupta's uncle,
Arvind Gupta?
Yes, he lives in Jabalpur.
Perhaps, Ms. Meenakshi must've
gone to meet him!
But why would he call
from a PCO in Danapur?
Perhaps, he had sent
someone to pick her up.
We'd send some of our
people to Ms. Meenakshi's
funeral, to see who all
have attended it.
Arvind Gupta's
name wasn't there, right?
It was not, sir!
Perhaps, he didn't turn up.
Even Arvind Gupta's son,
Rahul, had not come.
I was there.
Even I noticed this.
Oh, God!
I can't believe it!
Uncle did this!
You mean, Uncle Arvind?
Listen, we're not saying
that he's behind it.
We just want to know
why you didn't tell us
about this uncle of yours.
Because we never thought of it!
We can't imagine
even in our dreams
that Uncle Arvind could
do something like this!
Yes, sir.
Sister Meenakshi and uncle
had a strong enmity!
But uncle cannot
do such a thing!
Sister-in-law Shalini
did it
happen because of that insult?
Oh, God!
Uncle took revenge from her
in such a despicable manner!
We want to know all about it!
Tell us everything.
Actually, the thing is, sir
that after marrying off
Priyanka and me
sister Meenakshi spent all her
money on building this house.
Uncle had always claimed that he
too had a share in this house!
But at that time,
the house was quite small, sir.
Meenakshi built new
rooms with her money.
She bought the plot
next to ours.
Then uncle started asking
for a share in this too!
Hold on, Uncle.
Wait.
My father had got this mansion
as a gift from my grandpa
your father.
And it belongs to us,
we all four sisters.
And Meenakshi stays in it.
Because she has
the maximum rights over it.
I do have 40
per cent share in it.
It is written in this will.
You have done B.A.,
haven't you?
Read this.
It is written in
simple English. Read it.
You couldn't pass
your class 12 exams, right?
That's why
you didn't notice it.
It is written in the
fourth page of this will
that too
in simple English
that Uncle, your father,
will get his 40 per cent share
when this
mansion will be sold off.
It should've
been sold long before.
Listen, Sister Meenakshi
you are unmarried.
That's your personal matter.
But we can't keep waiting
for you to get married
for our entire life, right?
Property prices have
already started falling.
Hold on, Rahul.
It doesn't concern you
whether the property prices
rise or fall?
You will get your share when
we sell this mansion.
We don't have any intention
to sell this mansion.
And yes
even if we sell it,
you'll get the 40 per cent
of this
ancestral property
only as much as
is mentioned in the will.
You will not get a
share from Meenakshi's property.
The land adjacent
to this building
is a part of the
ancestral property.
Even we have 40
per cent share in it.
Not even on an inch of it,
Uncle.
Not even on an inch.
So, stop kidding.
I have purchased that land
with my hard earned money.
That is not a part of
your ancestral property.
Hence, stop coming
here and creating a scene
time and again.
This mansion won't be
sold as long as I am alive.
And Rahul, you.
If you again send some
client here for inspection
I'll file a complaint with
the police, straight away!
You stay here alone.
How much space does a
single person need to live?
Rahul
you can't decide that.
And nor can you question
her rudely, like this.
Stay within your limits.
Brother-in-law,
you stay in your limits.
Don't interfere.
We are family. We will
decide it amongst ourselves.
You don't
poke your nose in it.
No, Uncle.
Don't have any false notions
that Meenakshi is alone.
We all are there
to support her.
Uncle, I can't expect
anything great from Rahul.
Because, you yourself have
been treating us badly
all these years.
If you haven't come to
your senses with this slap
then let me know.
I will make the
cops bash you
and you'll come
to your senses.
Meenakshi, for the slap you
gave me here, in a closed room
I'll exact revenge for it
that too publicly.
Dad, let's go from here.
Wait and watch.
Yes,
Rahul had threatened us.
But no one takes such
threats seriously.
If Rahul has done this, then
that's very mean of him!
Very mean!
Sir, these people had kept us
in the dark about their uncle
Arvind Gupta and his son,
Rahul Gupta. But why?
They said that they
had forgotten about it.
Something is fishy.
They are hiding
something important from us.
Sir, Rahul's threat
is not very different
from the threat
Nakul Pal had given.
Sir, did you speak to Riya,
Nakul's girlfriend?
Yes, Madhuri.
Riya has confessed
that she was with
Nakul at his home
the other night.
Nakul's hand got cut
because he broke a bottle.
Neither the three sisters
nor their husbands
told us that the motivation for
the crime can have links with
Nakul, Meenakshi's neighbour,
the Manager
of the dhaba, Mohanlal
her uncle and his son, Rahul
who live in Jabalpur.
We could learn of
these angles from outsiders.
Why is that so?
Sanjana,
I've packed your lunch.
Come on.
- Thank you, Mom. Bye.
Bye.
What are you doing,
Malti?
Are you free?
Just now, I'm
winding up the kitchen work.
You tell me.
What are you doing?
Did you have your food?
I am not feeling like it.
Will you come to
see me for a while?
I am feeling like
talking to you.
Give me 15 minutes.
I need to make some
preparations for cooking
for tomorrow.
Okay.
But come soon,
please.
'If you are feeling so lonely,
then why don't you get married?'
'Who are you
waiting for now?'
'Shall I tell you?
- What is this?'
'Why are you
hiding it from me?'
It is not a secret.
Our relationship with
Meenakshi was not cordial.
Why should we
pretend to mourn?
Sir, whether we attend
someone's funeral or not
is our personal matter,
isn't it?
You had threatened to slap
her publicly, hadn't you?
Sir,
there is a huge difference
between slapping someone
publicly in the market
and committing a gang
rape and murder.
And that too,
with my cousin!
Can't you make that out?
I can't.
You make me understand
the difference.
We are of the same family.
I agree, there is an issue
regarding ancestral property.
All those four sisters think
that the ancestral property
belongs to their dad.
They are about to sue me.
We were done trying to
resolve it through dialogue.
Nothing was left
for us to discuss.
So, you tell me, sir.
To discuss what would we
call Meenakshi so far
to Jabalpur?
Give it a thought.
For a minute, let's consider
that your disgusting allegations
are true.
Would a smart woman
like Meenakshi
come to meet us,
all the way to Jabalpur?
And that too, all alone.
Never, sir.
Even if you think that
we would've brought her
till here,
against her wishes.
Wouldn't she create a
furore in that case?
Sir, a serious crime
has taken place.
Solve it.
Don't try to link our family
feud to this case unnecessarily.
It has got nothing
to do with it.
You will be wasting your time.
And talking about
we not attending the funeral.
We didn't want to go
there and create a scene.
And sir, if you still
feel that we have committed
this terrible crime,
even after hearing all this
then prove it.
Prove that Meenakshi had
come to Jabalpur to meet us.
Prove that we have
committed this crime.
Prove it.
We have got the detailed
post mortem report.
As I have been told,
Meenakshi was unmarried.
That's why,
I did some detailed analysis.
Do you have any detail which
could be of some help to us?
Yes, I do.
Listen, Inspector
she has been raped.
There are marks and
scratches on her body
which point towards forced sex.
Other than that, the victim
was a sexually active woman
since a long time.
Means, the victim had
a physical relationship
with someone since long.
Absolutely.
You had mentioned that
someone had called the victim
in the evening
from a pay phone.
Perhaps, he could be the person.
Sir,
Arvind Gupta and Rahul Gupta
never had any telephonic
communication with Meenakshi.
On the night
of 26th October
both father and son were
at their home in Jabalpur.
We have come to
know of one more thing
from the detailed
post mortem report.
Meenakshi Gupta was sexually
active since a long time.
Now,
we'll have to find her lover.
Sir, the enmity within the
family which we've come to know
about, which,
of course, is true
might not be connected
to this crime.
Perhaps, there might be
some other angle to it.
It might be some affair,
some lover
and the relationship between
Meenakshi and her lover
going sour
might've led to this crime.
But why gang rape?
Is it that a contract
killer was hired
who had come to kill her
but ended up raping her
and then killing her?
But sir,
as per our informers
no such news is making rounds
among the contract killers.
The person who had called
Meenakshi on 26th October
from a pay phone
in Danapur
will help us crack this case.
Yes, I have reached.
It is something
Shalini, Priyanka
and Sunita are hiding from us.
Rajiv, please let me
know if you need any help.
Yes, Brother-in-law Vikas.
We will stay here
just for a few days more
then we will return home.
Sunita.
If uncle calls up,
don't tell him about all this.
We all will work together
to solve this issue.
Yes, Sister.
Listen
you should comply with
what sister-in-law Shalini
and Sunita say.
No matter what we get,
it will be good enough for us.
This is hard
for me to comprehend.
Sister Meenakshi
was missing for three days.
No one could contact her
over the phone as well.
It didn't even
matter to Sister Sunita?
Look, Priyanka.
It's not right to suspect
her in such times.
We are family.
We should stay united
in such times.
It evokes suspicion
that Sunita didn't
take action for three days.
Yes, sir.
Sunita's comes under
our purview of suspicion.
But, sir, if Sunita
was the mastermind
then why would
she be silent for three days?
Rather, she would've
made things known
so that no one suspects her.
Then who is it?
Who is the main
conspirator?
How is it possible
that none of Meenakshi's sisters
mentioned
a word about her lover?
Sir.
There is a twist.
Another one!
Tell me.
The alcohol levels
were really high
in the post-mortem report.
So far, we were
considering the fact
that Meenakshi
was forced to drink alcohol.
But, sir, now we feel that,
it might not be true.
Sir.
None of the family members
or neighbours conveyed this.
Then, who?
Sir, I persuaded
the junk vendor
to reveal this information.
A man named Birju,
who deals in junk in Danapur
he told me..
I guess,
Ms. Meenakshi used to drink.
What?
She used to consume a minimum
of six to seven bottles
of imported alcohol
every month.
Sometimes, the number
used to rise to 10 or even 12.
Getting bottles
from her house
doesn't prove
that she used to drink.
Then who used to drink?
Think about it.
She used to live alone.
In these many years,
I have never seen
anyone go to her house.
For two days,
I enquired in the liquor stores
in and around Danapur.
No one said that she
purchased alcohol from them.
Nandu, then what
about the liquor bottles?
That's a mystery, sir.
Someone must be giving
her stock secretly.
Some acquaintance
must be doing this.
This acquaintance
could well be her lover.
Sir, eight bottles a month
would mean
two bottles a week
and three to four pegs
a day.
she seems close
to being addicted.
Even then the sisters
didn't mention anything
nor did their husbands.
Meenakshi used
to live alone.
She must've
suppressed all this.
Sir, one thing
doesn't seem right.
What?
Sir, the post-mortem report
suggests high alcohol levels
and gang rape.
But there were
no traces of semen.
And that,
the rapists had used condoms.
Yes, so what?
Sir, like we are reconsidering
whether she was forced
to consume alcohol or not
similarly, our theory
of gang rape might not be right.
There were
no traces of semen
but there are signs
of assault, Madhuri.
Sir, those marks
could've been inflicted
during consensual sex as well.
And maybe, we are
under the wrong
impression that it was a rape.
Imported alcohol isn't cheap.
Eight bottles a month.
Sir, Meenakshi used
to earn a handsome amount.
And the same goes
for her lover as well.
Politics is a good source
of income.
Dinkar Patel.
He could be
Meenakshi's lover.
He could be
the murderer as well.
That's why he tried
to mislead us, telling us
about her uncle
and the property angle.
He is a politician.
Plotting against, deceiving
and manipulating people
are all part of
his daily routine.
So, are you trying
to blackmail me?
No, Mr. Rajput.
You are a famous man.
I won't make such a mistake.
So, what are you trying
to indicate?
I just wanted to say,
you had guests on 26th October.
Meenakshi Gupta
was murdered on the same night.
After a gang rape.
Look, I am not associated
to this in any way.
And don't call me again.
Don't even think
about blackmailing me.
I can't do anything
for you at this moment.
Stay away from me.
Did you follow?
Hello.
I am Malti Raghuvanshi.
I am calling from Danapur.
Yes, Ms. Malti.
Tell me.
I want to say something
about Meenakshi Gupta.
Meenakshi was a
close friend of mine.
She was a childhood friend.
Do you have information
about her murder?
I don't know if it's associated
to her murder or not
but there is something
I want to say about her
which only I know.
I feel, it's something
that I should tell you.
Sunita!
Malti feels Sunita
is responsible
for Meenakshi's death.
Sir, Malti didn't
say exactly that.
Malti feels Sunita
might be responsible.
Because of the property?
Sir, then it could be
that Sunita abducted her.
The other sisters
and their husbands
might be involved
in this as well.
The matter isn't clear, sir.
Malti said she'll
speak face to face.
She will be here in some time.
She said,
Meenakshi told her something
which no one else
is aware of.
If your loneliness
is bothering you
then why don't
you get married?
Who are you waiting for now?
Should I say it?
What is it?
Come on,
don't hide it from me.
Don't misunderstand me.
Don't beat around the bush.
Just say it.
Malti, I am doing something.
I have been
doing something.
If I say it to someone,
they won't believe me.
Are you talking about
your addiction to alcohol?
Then?
It's an aspect of my life
which no one is aware of.
No one will find out
about it in this lifetime.
It will remain a secret
after my death as well.
You are building
such great suspense.
Just say it.
Sunita.
I think, even we should
leave by tomorrow.
I am getting scared,
Rajeev.
I hope, uncle doesn't
take possession of the house.
How can he
just do such a thing?
I'll speak
to Vikas and Kapil.
We have to think
of a solution together.
A lot has happened.
No one needs
to be scared of anyone, anymore.
Speak to Rajeev
as soon as possible.
Settle this matter.
Whatever we learnt
about Meenakshi Gupta
those were
other's opinion of her.
Malti, Meenakshi's
close friend..
She didn't come to us
with her personal opinion.
She came to us to disclose
a fact about Meenakshi.
What Malti told us
was a different aspect
of Meenakshi's life.
It was such an aspect
which was hard to fathom.
At that moment
we didn't have a way
to understand its truthfulness.
While this murder case
was being solved
it unveiled several
frauds and scams.
Tomorrow night, we will
disclose this case in entirety.
'Jai Hind!'
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English:
I think it's really important for girls to
study computer science. I think for a long
time the world thought that some things were
for boys and some things were for girls, and
everyone understands now that boys and girls
can have equal opportunity. If we could just
support girls and give them that initial encouragement,
then we could start balancing the scales.
And then we wouldn't even have to play with
the equation because it will just be a natural
flow. To be able to code gives you the freedom
to build anything, and that is just so empowering.
I like having that power in my own hands to
express what's in my imagination, using programming.
Just the experience of programming gives you
access to a new method of thinking. Everything
becomes the steps that you can take towards
a solution, and that is just extremely valuable.
You know it's one thing to use software, it's
a totally different thing to get to change
Russian:
Мне кажется, очень важно,
чтобы девочки изучали информатику.
Долгое время считалось, что есть занятия
для мальчиков, а есть для девочек,
но сейчас все понимают, что у мальчиков и
девочек могут быть равные возможности.
Если мы сможем просто поддержать девочек
и дать им начальный импульс, то можно будет
начать уравновешивать весы и не придется
прилагать каких-то дополнительных усилий,
потому все будет происходить само собой.
Умение писать код дает свободу создавать
все, что угодно, и это так вдохновляет.
Мне нравится, что у меня есть эта власть:
выразить то, что есть в моем воображении
с помощью программирования.
Сам по себе опыт программирования дает вам
доступ к новому способу мышления.
Вы начинаете разбивать все на шаги, которые
приведут вас к цели, и это очень ценно.
Понимаете, одно дело просто использовать
ПО, и совсем другое - возможность изменить
Finnish:
Minusta tyttöjen on todella tärkeää
opiskella tietojenkäsittelytiedettä.
Aiemmin on ajateltu, että jotkut asiat
ovet tyttöjen ja jotkut poikien asioita.
Nykyisin kaikki ymmärtävät, että tytöillä
ja pojilla on yhtä hyvät mahdollisuudet.
Meidän pitäisi vain rohkaista tyttöjä
aloittamaan ohjelmoinnin opettelu.
Silloin tasa-arvoa ei enää tarvitsisi edes
ajatella, vaan se on itsestäänselvyys.
Koodaamalla voi rakentaa mitä tahansa
ja se on huikea mahdollisuus.
Pidän siitä, että voin ohjelmoimalla
ilmaista mielikuvitustani.
Kun kokeilee ohjelmointia, se antaa
aivan uuden ajattelutavan:
otetaan erilaisia askeleita kohti ratkaisua
ja tämän ymmärtäminen on arvokasta.
On aivan eri asia vain käyttää sovellusta,
kuin muokata itse sen toimintaa.
iw:
אני חושבת שזה ממש חשוב
שבנות ילמדו מדעי המחשב.
אני חושבת שבמשך תקופה ארוכה, העולם חשב
שדברים מסוימים מיועדים לבנים ואחרים לבנות,
וכולם מבינים עכשיו שבנים ובנות יכולים לקבל
הזדמנות שווה. אם נוכל רק לתמוך בבנות
ולתת להן את העידוד ההתחלתי, אז נוכל
להתחיל לאזן את המאזניים.
ואז לא נצטרך אפילו ״לשחק״ עם המשוואה,
כי זה יהיה תהליך טבעי.
לדעת לקודד נותן לכן חופש לבנות
כל דבר, וזה דבר כל כך מעצים.
אני אוהבת את העובדה שיש לי את הכוח
לבטא את מה שבדימיון שלי, דרך התכנות.
ההתנסות בתכנות מעניקה לכן גישה
לאופן חדש לחלוטין של חשיבה.
הכל הופך לצעדים שאפשר לנקוט לקראת הפתרון,
וזה בהחלט דבר מאוד משמעותי.
אתן יודעות? זה דבר אחד להשתמש בתוכנה,
אבל זה דבר שונה לגמרי להיות מסוגלים לשנות
Modern Greek (1453-):
Νομίζω ότι είναι πραγματικά σημαντικό για τα κορίτσια να μαθαίνουν
την Επιστήμη των Υπολογιστών. Νομίζω ότι για μεγάλο διάστημα
ο κόσμος πίστευε ότι κάποια πράγματα ήταν για τα αγόρια
και κάποια για τα κορίτσια και
όλοι καταλαβαίνουν τώρα ότι τόσο τα αγόρια, όσο και τα κορίτσια
μπορούν να έχουν ίσες ευκαιρίες. Αν απλά μπορούσαμε να
υποστηρίξουμε τα κορίτσια και να τους δώσουμε την αρχική ενθάρρυνση,
τότε θα μπορούσαμε να εξισορροπήσουμε την κατάσταση.
Και τότε δε θα χρειαζόταν να κάνουμε κάτι άλλο,
γιατί θα ερχόταν φυσικά.
Το να μπορείς να προγραμματίσεις σου δίνει την ελευθερία να χτίσεις
οτιδήποτε και αυτό σου δίνει απίστευτη δύναμη.
Μου αρέσει να έχω στα χέρια μου τη δύναμη να εκφράζω
τη φαντασία μου, με τον προγραμματισμό.
Και μόνο η εμπειρία του προγραμματισμού σε βάζει
σε έναν καινούριο τρόπο σκέψης. Τα πάντα
μετατρέπονται σε βήματα που εκτελείς για να λύσεις
ένα πρόβλημα, κι αυτό είναι εξαιρετικά πολύτιμο.
Ξέρεις, είναι ένα πράγμα να χρησιμοποιείς το λογισμικό
και τελείως διαφορετικό το να αλλάζεις
Swedish:
Jag tycker att det är viktigt att flickor
lär sig datavetenskap. Länge tyckte
världen att flickor och pojkar var
ämnade för olika saker, men nu förstår
alla att pojkar och flickor är jämlika. Om
vi bara kunde stötta flickorna och
uppmuntra flickor att prova, skulle vi
kunna få vågskålarna att väga jämnt.
Då skulle vi inte ens behöva tänka på
balansen för då skulle det bli en naturlig
sak. Att kunna koda ger friheten att bygga
vad som helst, och det ger kraft.
Jag gillar att ha kraften att uttrycka det
som finns i mig med programmering.
Erfarenheten av programmering ger
dig tillgång till ett nytt sätt att tänka.
Allting blir ett steg du kan ta mot en
lösning, och det är otroligt värdefullt.
Det är en sak att använda mjukvara, en
helt annan att kunna ändra hur mjukvaran
Portuguese:
Eu acho que é realmente importante para as
garotas estudarem Ciências da Computação.
Eu acho que por um longo tempo o mundo
pensou que algumas coisas eram para
garotos e algumas coisas eram para garotas
e todo mundo entende agora que garotos e
garotas podem ter oportunidades iguais. Se
nós apenas pudéssemos ajudar as garotas e
dar a elas o encorajamento inicial, então
poderíamos começar a balancear as coisas.
Então nem mesmo teríamos que lidar com
a equação, pois seria um caminho natural.
Ser capaz de codificar lhe dá a liberdade
de fazer qualquer coisa, é muito poderoso.
Gosto desse poder em minhas próprias
mãos para expressar o que está em
minha imaginação, programando.
A simples experiência de programar lhe dá
acesso a uma nova forma de pensar.
Tudo se tornam passos que você dá em
direção à solução, e isso é muito valioso.
Uma coisa é usar um software, e é algo
totalmente diferente quando você muda como
Czech:
Myslím, že pro dívky je skutečně důležité
studovat informatiku. Obdobně dlouhou
dobu svět myslel, že určité věci jsou pro
chlapce a určité věci pro dívky,
každý dnes chápe, že chlapci a dívky mohou
mít rovnou příležitost. Když je podpoříme
a povzbuďme na začátku tak, abychom
mohli začít vyrovnávat nerovnosti.
A potom se už nezabývejme nerovnostmi,
necháme tomu přirozený
vývoj. Umění kódovat ti dává svobodu
vytvořit cokoli a to je posilující.
Ráda mám tuhle sílu ve svých rukách
vyjádřit představy programováním,
právě zkušenost z programování ti
zpřístupní novou metodu myšlení.
Cokoli, co jsou použitelné kroky k řešení,
je nadmíru užitečné.
Poznáš, že jedna věc je používat software,
zcela odlišné je pochopit změnu, jak
Japanese:
［シェリル（フェイスブック）］
女の子がコンピューター・サイエンスを学ぶのはとても大切だと思います
長い間、これは男の子向き、こっちは女の子向き
というような考え方がありましたが
今では男子も女子もみな同じだと理解しています
［ジャスミン（Xbox）］
女子にもきっかけとサポートがあれば
自然と人数の片よりはなくなっていくはずです
［カーリー（モデル）］
プログラムができればなんでもつくれます
それだけでもスゴいことですよ
［メイ＝リー（アップル）］
プログラムで私の頭の中にあることを
カタチにできるようになります
［ミア（National Inteligence）］
プログラムを体験するだけで新しいものの考え方が身につきます
あらゆるものが問題の答えに近付くヒントになるのです
あなたのためになりますよ
［アリス（Code.org）］
ソフトウェアをただつかうのと
それを改造するのとでは大きくちがいます
Bulgarian:
Мисля, че е много важно момичетата да
изучават компютърни науки. Много дълго
светът мислеше, че някои неща са само за
момчета и някои само за момичета, но
сега всички знаят, че момчетата и момичетата
имат еднакви възможности. Ако подкрепяте
момичетата и ги насърчавате, тогава можем
да балансираме скалата. И тогава
няма да е необходимо да изравняваме
уравнвнието, защото ще бъде
естествено. Програмирането дава свобода да
създадете нещо, а това е толкова силно.
Бих искала да имам тази сила, за да изразявам
моето въображение, използвайки програмирането.
Програмирането дава един нов начин на
мислене. Всичко се превръща в
стъпки, които да направите, за да решите
проблем, а това е толкова важно.
Едно е да използвате софтуер,съвсем друго
е да променяте начина, по който работи
Czech:
použitý software pracuje. Všechny moje
oblíbené vzpomínky na informatiku
jsou skutečně programování s týmy.
Nemyslím si, že informatika je sólo věc.
Když chceš vytvořit něco vynikajícího,
obvykle se to musí dělat v týmu,
informatika se neliší. Žiješ v době, kde se
sám zviditelňuješ, poznáváš jiné lidi,
děláš byznys i podstatné rozdíly ve tvých
komunitách, vše je zcela možné.
S počítači je to právě ve tvých prstech.
Není to o tom, být dívkou nebo chlapcem,
je o to být talentovaný. Informatika
potřebuje talentované lidi.
nebojácné lidi s kreativitou dělající
svět lepším místem. Naskoč do toho!
Uč se. Zkus právě a vezmi si jednu hodinu
Dej do toho jednu hodinu. Je to úžasné, co
se lze naučit za jednu hodinu. A to je to,
co je vzrušující na Hodině kódu. Všichni
se mohou zúčastnit, ze všech částí země
každého věku ze všech zázemí.
Bulgarian:
софтуера. Да, всички любими спомени от
комютърното програмиране са
от работата ми в екип. Не мисля, че
програмирането е самостоятелна работа.
Ако искате да направите нещо невероятно,
трябва да работите в екип и в програмирането
не е по-различно. Всички живеем във време,
в което да изразиш себе си, да научиш за
различни хора, да правиш бизнес и да
допринасяш за общестовото е напълно
възможно. Компютрите ти дават тази сила.
Не защото си момче или момиче,
а защото си талантлив. Компютърните
науки се нуждаят от талантливи хора,
хора които не се страхуват да са творци
и да направят света по-добър. Бъдете
от тях! Учете! Просто пробвайте с един клас.
Само един час. Невероятно е, колко може да
научите за един час. Това е
невероятното в Hour of Code. Всички
вие ще може да участвате, от всички точки
на света, от различни страни.
Finnish:
Parhaimmat hetkeni tietokoneiden parissa
ovat syntyneet yhdessä muiden kanssa.
Ohjelmointi ei ole yksinäistä.
Kun tehdään jotakin upeaa,
se tehdään yleensä yhdessä —
sama koskee ohjelmointia.
Nykyään on mahdollista ilmaista itseään,
tutustua erilaisiin ihmisiin,
vaikuttaa omassa yhteisössä ja
vaikka perustaa oma yritys.
Tietokoneiden avulla sinäkin voit
tehdä tätä kaikkea.
Ei ole väliä oletko tyttö tai poika.
On kyse lahjakkuudesta.
Tietojenkäsittelytieteessä tarvitaan
lisää lahjakkaita ihmisiä —
luovia ihmisiä, jotka haluavat tehdä
maailmasta paremman.
Tule mukaan ja opi!
Kokeile yhtä oppituntia.
Yhdessäkin tunnissa voi
oppia todella paljon.
Juuri tämä on Koodaustunnin hienous:
kaikki voivat osallistua!
Voit asua missä vain ja olla minkä
ikäinen tahansa!
iw:
את האופן בו עובדת התוכנה בה את משתמשת.
כן, כל הזכרונות האהובים עליי ממדעי המחשב
הם מלתכנת בפועל ביחד בצוותים. אני לא
חושבת שמדעי המחשב נועדו לזאבים בודדים.
כשאתה רוצה לבנות משהו מדהים, אתה צריך
בדרך כלל לעשות את זה בצוות, ומדעי המחשב
אינם שונים. כולכן חיות בתקופה שבה
לבטא את עצמכן, ללמוד על אנשים שונים,
לבנות עסק ולעשות שינוי בקהילה שלכם -
כל אלה בהחלט אפשריים.
עם מחשבים - כל זה נמצא, מילולית, בקצות
אצבעותיכן. זה לא תלוי בהיותכן בן או בת,
זה קשור בהיותכן מוכשרות.
מדעי המחשב צריכים יותר אנשים מוכשרים,
אנשים שלא מפחדים להיות יצירתיים
ולהפוך את העולם למקום טוב יותר.
צללו לתוך זה! תלמדו! פשוט תתחילו מללמוד
שיעור אחד. תנו לזה שעה אחת. זה מדהים,
מה שאפשר ללמוד בשעה אחת. וזה גם מה
שמדהים בשעת הקוד. כולכן יכולות להשתתף,
מכל חלקי העולם, מכל הגילאים,
מרקעים שונים לגמרי.
Russian:
то, как работает ПО, которое ты используешь.
- Мои лучшие воспоминания из информатики
это программирование в команде. Я не думаю,
что программировать нужно в одиночку.
Если вы хотите создать что-то удивительное,
это нужно делать вместе с командой,
и программирование - не исключение.
- Мы живем в то время, когда выразить себя,
узнать о других людях, начать свое дело
или добиться перемен в своем сообществе -
все абсолютно возможно. Благодаря
компьютеру все в ваших руках.
И дело не в том, какого ты пола, а в том,
есть ли у тебя талант. Программированию
нужно больше талантливых людей, которые
не боятся творить и делать мир лучше.
Просто начните! Попробуйте один курс.
Уделите один час. Просто удивительно,
чему можно научиться за час. - И в этом
потрясающая особенность Часа Кода. Вы все
можете участвовать, неважно, в какой вы
стране, какого возраста и какой у вас опыт.
Modern Greek (1453-):
το πώς το λογισμικό λειτουργεί. Ναι, όλες οι αγαπημένες μου
αναμνήσεις από την Επιστήμη των Υπολογιστών
είναι από στιγμές προγραμματισμού σε ομάδες. Δεν νομίζω
ότι ο προγραμματισμός είναι κάτι που κάνεις μόνος σου.
Αν θες να χτίσεις κάτι καταπληκτικό, συνήθως
πρέπει να το κάνεις μέσα από μια ομάδα και
η Επιστήμη των Υπολογιστών δε διαφέρει. Όλοι ζείτε
σε έναν κόσμο όπου η έκφραση, το να μαθαίνεις
για διαφορετικούς ανθρώπους, να ξεκινάς μια επιχείρηση
και να κάνεις τη διαφορά στην κοινότητά σου, όλα
είναι δυνατά. Με τους υπολογιστές είναι πραγματικά
στις άκρες των δακτύλων σου. Δεν έχει σημασία
αν είσαι κορίτσι ή αγόρι, σημασία έχει να έχεις ταλέντο. Η Επιστήμη
των Υπολογιστών χρειάζεται περισσότερους ανθρώπους με ταλέντο,
ανθρώπους που δε φοβούνται να είναι δημιουργικοί και
να κάνουν τον κόσμο μας καλύτερο.
Ξεκίνα τώρα! Προσπάθησε να ολοκληρώσεις ένα μάθημα.
Χρειάζεται μόνο μια ώρα. Είναι καταπληκτικό το τι μπορείς
να μάθεις μέσα σε μία ώρα. Κι αυτό είναι το πιο συναρπαστικό
με την Ώρα του Κώδικα. Όλοι μπορείτε
να λάβετε μέρος, από οπουδήποτε στη χώρα,
σε κάθε ηλικία, και από κάθε υπόβαθρο.
Japanese:
［ジェス（Polyvore）］
チームを組んでプログラムしたのは良い思い出ですね
コンピューター・サイエンスは1人で勉強するものじゃないと思います
スゴいものをつくるにはチームが必要で、
コンピューター・サイエンスも例外ではありません
［ジェシカ（Honest Company）］
みんなは身近なコンピューターの力を借りて
自分を表現し、他の人のことを知り
ビジネスを起こし、
コミュニティに違いをもたらせられる、
そんな時代に生きているのです
［パオラ（マイクロソフト）］
男だから女だからなんて関係ありません。切れ者 かどうかです
コンピューター・サイエンスには
もっとたくさんの 切れ者 が必要です
誰も考えなかったことを考え、
世界をより良い場所にしてくれる人です
まずはどこかのクラスに飛び込み
１時間はがんばってみましょう
１時間でできることの多さにきっと驚きますよ
そしてそこが Hour of Code のスバラしいところなんです
Portuguese:
funciona o software que usa. Todas as
minhas memórias favoritas da Ciência da
Computação, são sobre programar em equipe.
Não acho que seja algo solitário.
Se você quer fazer algo incrível, você
geralmente tem que fazê-lo em equipe, e
Ciência da Computação não é diferente.
Vocês vivem em uma época em que
expressar-se, aprender sobre pessoas
diferentes, fazer negócios e fazer a
diferença em suas comunidades é totalmente
possível.
Com computadores, está ao alcance
de seus dedos.
Não se trata de ser menina ou menino, mas
de ter talento. Ciência da Computação
precisa de mais pessoas talentosas,
que não tenham medo de ser
criativas e tornar o mundo melhor.
Entre nessa! Aprenda! Faça uma aula.
Tente uma hora. É incrível o que você pode
aprender em uma hora. Isso é o mais legal
na Hora do Código. Todos são capazes de
participar, de todas as partes do país e
todas as idades, de todos os níveis
de conhecimento.
English:
how the software you use actually works. Yeah,
all my favorite memories from computer science
are actually programming together with teams.
I don't think computer science is a solo thing.
If you want to build something amazing, you
usually have to do it in a team and computer
science is no different. You all live in a
time where expressing yourself, learning about
different people, making a business and a
real difference in your communities is all
totally possible. With computers it's right
at your fingertips. It's not about being a
girl or being a boy, it's about being talented.
Computer science needs more talented people,
people who are not afraid of being creative
and making the world a better place. Jump
into it! Learn! Just try and take one class.
Give it one hour. It's amazing what you can
learn in one hour. And that's what is so exciting
about Hour of Code. All of you are able to
participate, from all parts of the country
at all ages, from all different backgrounds.
Swedish:
faktiskt fungerar. Ja, ett av mina bästa
minnen från datavetenskapen är att
programmera i lag. Jag tror inte att
programmering är ett ensam-jobb.
Om du vill bygga något fantastiskt
behöver du göra det i ett lag, och data-
vetenskap är inte annorlunda. Vi lever
i en tid där att uttrycka sig själv, få
kunskap om andra människor, starta
ett företag eller göra skillnad i ens
omgivning är möjligt. Med datorer har du
den möjligheten i dina fingrar. Det
handlar inte om att du är flicka eller
pojke, det handlar om att ha förmåga.
Datavetenskapen behöver fler människor
med förmåga och vilja att vara kreativa
och göra världen till en bättre plats.
Prova! Lär dig! Testa en övning. Ge det 1
timme. Det är otroligt vad du kan lära
på 1 timme. Det är vad som är så häftigt
med en Hour of Code. Alla kan delta, i
vilken ålder eller vilken bakgrund du än
Czech:
A to je to, co vytváří pravé příležitosti
pro každého. Každá dívka si zaslouží
se zúčastnit na tvorbě technologie, která
mění náš svět a ty, které ji používají.
Vyzývám dívky v každé zemi, aby se učily
jednu Hodinu kódu. Technologie se
dotýká každé části našich životů, takže když
umíš změnit technologii, umíš změnit svět.
Změň tento svět. #HourOfCode
Modern Greek (1453-):
Κι αυτό είναι που θα δημιουργήσει τις κατάλληλες ευκαιρίες
για όλους. Κάθε κορίτσι αξίζει να συμμετάσχει
στη δημιουργία της τεχνολογίας που θα αλλάξει τον κόσμο μας
και θα αλλάξει αυτόν που τον διοικεί.
Προκαλώ τα κορίτσια σε κάθε χώρα να συμμετάσχουν
στην Ώρα του Κώδικα. Η τεχνολογία αγγίζει
κάθε κομμάτι της ζωής μας, κι αν μπορείς να αλλάξεις
την τεχνολογία, μπορείς να αλλάξεις τον κόσμο.
Άλλαξε τον κόσμο. #HourOfCode
iw:
וזה מה שייצור את ההזדמנויות הנכונות
עבור כולם. לכל הבנות מגיע לקחת חלק
ביצירת הטכנולוגיה שתשנה את העולם,
ואת זהותו של מי שמנהלים אותו.
אני קוראת לכל הבנות, מכל הארצות,
ללמוד שעת קוד אחת לפחות. טכנולוגיה נוגעת
בכל חלק של חיינו, אז אם את יכולה לשנות
את הטכנולוגיה, את יכולה לשנות את העולם.
שנו את העולם.
#שעת_קוד
כתוביות ע"י קהילת Amara.org
English:
And that's what will create the right opportunities
for everyone. Every girl deserves to take
part in creating the technology that will
change our world and change who runs it. I
challenge girls in every single country to
learn one Hour of Code. Technology touches
every part of our lives, so if you can change
technology you can change the world.
Change the world. #HourOfCode
Finnish:
Kaikilla on samat mahdollisuudet oppia.
Jokainen tyttö ansaitsee mahdollisuuden
luoda teknologiaa,
joka muuttaa maailmaa ja sen johtajia.
Haastan kaikki tytöt kaikissa maissa
kokeilemaan Koodaustuntia.
Teknologiaa on kaikkialla — muuttamalla
teknologiaa voit muuttaa maailmaa.
Muuta maailmaa
#HourOfCode
Bulgarian:
Така ще се създадат равни възможности за
всички. Всяко момиче заслужава
да бъде част от технологиите които ще
променят света и хората, които го управляват.
Предизвиквам всяко момиче от всяка
държава да участва в Hour of Code.
Технологиите се докосват до всяка част от
живота ни, променяйки ги ще промените света.
Променете Света.#HourOfCode
Russian:
И это то, что создаст нужные возможности
для каждого. - Каждая девочка заслуживает
принять участие в создании технологии,
которая поменяет наш мир и то,
кто им управляет. Я призываю девочек
всех стран пройти Час Кода.
Технологии влияют на все стороны нашей жизни.
Изменив технологии, вы сможете изменить мир.
Измените мир. #HourOfCode
Japanese:
何才でも、どこの国でも、どんな人かも関係なく
誰でも参加できるのです
みんなに同じチャンスがあります
［マララ（ノーベル賞受賞者）］
女の子も世界を変えるテクノロジーをつくる輪に加わりましょう
世界中の女の子に私からの挑戦です
ひとつは Hour of Code で勉強してください
［スーザン（YouTube）］
テクノロジーはあらゆるところにあります
つまりテクノロジーを変えられることは
世界を変えられることです
世界を変えよう
#HourOfCode
Swedish:
har. Det ger alla lika möjligheter. Varje
flicka är värd att få ta del i skapandet
av den teknologi som kommer att förändra
världen och de som styr den. Jag utmanar
flickor i alla länder att lära sig en Hour
of Code. Teknologi finns i alla delar
av våra liv, så kan du förändra den kan du
förändra världen.
Förändra världen, #HourOfCode
Portuguese:
E é isso que criará oportunidades
iguais para todos.
Toda garota merece tomar parte na
criação da tecnologia que mudará
nosso mundo e mudará quem o comanda.
Eu desafio garotas em todos os países a
aprender uma Hora de Código.
A tecnologia está em tudo à nossa
volta, então se você
puder mudar a tecnologia,
você poderá mudar o mundo.
Mude o mundo.
#HourOfCode
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One of the greatest stories
on loyalty I've heard of in my life
is a true story.
I m gonna pass on to you folks
a beautiful story about loyalty.
Fifty years ago,
Delta Airlines started in
Monroe, Louisiana.
A county agent named Woolman
called a friend named Biedenharn,
and said, You know something
about flying, and I know something
about agriculture.
Let's get together and see if we can
figure out a way to fly this poison
on this cotton
where it ll kill the boll weevils
and it own't kill the farm.
Thus, through this experiment,
Delta Airlines,
the professionals,
were birthed.
They have been having the annual
stockholders meeting
in Monroe, Louisiana,
in the small room at the bank
there in Monroe
that they chartered Delta Airlines in.
They have an annual stockholders
meeting there every year.
Mr. Biedenharn always goes.
Mr. Biedenharn's father is from
Vicksburg, Mississippi-
he bottled the first Coco Cola
ever bottled in the world.
Joe Biedenharn Candy Company
is a beautiful tourist attraction at
Vicksburg, Mississippi right now.
You can go there and see it.
The last stockholder's meeting
of Delta Airlines
was held at the room in Monroe.
The moderator said
in a new business,
a fancy dressed, good-looking man
from New York City
said, Mr. Moderator,
Delta Airlines is a great airline-
we are the professionals,
and I want to see us start having
our annual meetings
some place other than
Monroe, Louisiana.
One year were outta go to Chicago,
next year Memphis,
next year Baltimore,
next year Washington,
next year San Francisco,
and lets change it around.
And I move you sir
that the next stockholders meeting
not be in Monroe, Louisiana.
Second the motion!
Moderator said,
Is there anyone who wants to
speak to this motion?
A man got up from New Jersey,
well dressed, said,
''Now Mr. Moderator,
I represent 80
(laughs)
80,000 shares
of Delta Airlines stock,
and I intend to vote to move
this meeting out of Monroe.
Any other discussion on a motion
before we vote?''
A good-looking gentlemen
in his seventies stood up,
white-haired,
three-piece suit, he said,
''Mr. Moderator,
my name is Bernard W. Biedenharn,
and I represent 580,000 shares
of Delta Airlines stock,
and I'd like to take this opportunity
to welcome all of y'all
back to Monroe next year.''
(crowd laughs)
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In any fight, it’s important to know your
enemy.
Unfortunately, in our battle against COVID-19,
there’s a lot we still don’t know.
How many people are infected with the virus,
including those who don’t show symptoms?
Is it seasonal or weather dependent?
When will it be safe to open the economy back
up?
A new virus tracking tool is helping researchers
and data modelers
better understand the virus and inform these
public health decisions.
It’s called the Greater Seattle Coronavirus
Assessment Network, or SCAN.
The goal of SCAN is to understand the extent
of COVID-19 in our community.
Think of the current pandemic like an iceberg.
There’s a part of the iceberg that’s above
the surface that you can see
and there’s potentially a much larger part
of the iceberg
underneath the surface that you can’t see.
With medical testing for COVID-19,
what we’re able to see is the part that’s
above the water.
It continues to be a mystery how much is lurking
underneath the surface.
We don’t have enough testing right now in
the clinical health care delivery system
to understand the full spectrum of disease:
who’s being infected
and the SCAN project allows us to look beneath
the tip of the iceberg
to see how common this disease might be in
the community that we’re unaware of.
With SCAN, we’re not testing everyone.
We’re trying to representatively test individuals
in our community
and you can think about it like sonar pings:
pinging to see what lurks beneath.
One of the key questions that SCAN can help
answer
is what is the prevalence of COVID-19 amongst
individuals
who don’t have any symptoms as well as
those who may have symptoms too mild
for them to necessarily show up at the ER
or call their doctor.
As we move forward, particularly transitioning
from the current social distancing and stay-at-home
policies
to relax those policies a little bit and get
back to work,
it will be very important to monitor undetected
infections.
In order to participate in SCAN,
individuals can go to the website at scanpublichealth.org,
and register and have a kit sent to their
house.
When the swab kit arrives, you take that swab
and you’d either swab yourself or swab your
child
and then you put it back in the box and then
send it back to the lab.
The advantages of being able to collect a
sample at home
include minimizing risk of exposure to health
care workers
as well as allowing us to capture people earlier
in their illness
when they’re not necessarily sick enough
to want to come in for care.
I run the molecular testing lab that processes
all of the specimens
that are coming in from all of the participants.
So, when they get mailed in, they come through
my lab
where we test them for the genome of the COVID-19
virus.
My focus is on mapping the transmission of
COVID over time.
We take the data about who tests positive,
where they live in a large geographic area,
how old they are,
and use statistical modeling to turn that
into a picture
of the intensity of COVID transmission in
the Seattle metro area.
We also get a lot of insight from the virus
genomes.
So we’re able to see whether this infection
is closely connected to this other infection.
And if they’re very diverse you know that
there is a lot of community spread.
If they’re very closely related
its more likely to be very small pockets of community spread.
So, we can learn a fair amount from not a
huge amount of sampling.
The 21st century’s greatest tool against
viruses is going to be
a better understanding of who is getting infected
when and why,
so we can just stop the transmission process
in its tracks.
SCAN is the first step in the U.S. towards
having a better infrastructure to do that.
| {
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[Japanese]
[Japanese]
Give us this day our daily bread
and deliver us from evil.
And please don't let me go to
the same place he goes.
[Japanese]
[Japanese]
- Oh, my God!
- ## [Calliope Continues]
[Screaming]
[Laughing]
- [Screaming]
- I can't stop it!
- [Screaming]
- [Ferris Wheel Creaking]
- [Japanese]
- [Japanese]
[Both Screaming]
- [Screaming]
- Ma!
[Japanese]
- [Japanese]
- [Japanese]
[Japanese]
- [Creaking]
- [Herb, Claude Screaming]
- [Shouting In Japanese]
- [Shouting In Japanese]
[Screaming]
[All Cheering]
[Cheering In Japanese]
[All]
Banzai! Banzai!
- [Weeping] Good-bye, Hollywood!
- Banzai!
[Shouting In Japanese
Continues]
Hey, are you okay?
You all right?
Boy, that was fun.
Can we do it again?
- You wanna do it again?
- I wanna do it again.
- You really wanna do it again?
- [Yelling]
| {
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Lycanroc is unable to battle!
The winner is contestant Satoshi!
| {
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I am very disappointed to have lost this presidential
election. I don't know where I will go now
but you won't see the last of me. Welcome
Hilary. Or should I call you Henry? Ha ha.
We're working on that. Remember? So what made
you do this type of Miley Cyrus coming out
change after you lost the election? I didn't
lose shiznit. I aspired to become my true
self. You know I thought coming out as a radical
butch could get me some more hot women. Congratulations
on your reward. Thank you. I know I am the
only citizen to ever recieve the Purple Heart
and Medal of Honor for my bravery as a supersonic
sexual. Now isnt that only for the military?
I had Obama write an executive order. It's
no big deal. So do you like being queer? What'd
you say?! Queer? Check Your Priveledge Bro.
I'm P C bro. I hate my white cracker ass and
my ancestors. And I'm only one sixteenth white.
So are you scared of how people will react
to you transitioning into this, knee O gender,
what is it called again? Transgendulow. No
i ain't scared. I helped destabelize the middle
east with bengazi. I've gotten away with illegal
email servers. I've helped kill thousands
in the Oklahoma City Bombings and guess, what?
What? No. One. Cares. And it's only going
to get worse. I've heard you're trying to
establish a New World Order and a one world
government. Can you explain this? We've been
planning it for centuries. We believe we are
a higher species and it's our destiny. Have
you ever seen the movie Prometheus? That's
how we believe. hell naw bitch. You're not
even a real Elite. Shut up racist Quantum
sexual. Listen. We have different routes to
a One World Government. It has to be a major
crisis, standing out for centuries, for something
this extreme. Likely crises are a global economic
collapse, a worldwide nuclear war, or even
something like a global biological pandemic
like airborne ebola,which will kill 80 plus
percent of the population. Look how people
pleaded for mass spying and the patriot act
after 9 11. Anything to catch those scary
terrorists. Well don't you think they'd give
any freedoms to the government after people
are breaking into their homes in a mass civil
and economical collapse or if we have to ration
everything for World War 3? They'll give up
anything. Hilary this is evil. You freak off
a leash. In the meantime, we have to crush
any chance of an uprising that will overturn
our plans in such a pivotal moment. In such
critical crises, the pendulem can swing either
way, from Liberty to Tyranny. That is why
we are trying to further destroy the constitution
and bill of rights by letting ISIS globally
run wild, and why we are ramping up our mass
shootings. Then we can blame and take the
guns, and freedom. The biggests threat to
our New World Order is patriots, guns, The
constitution, and Infowars.com. You are a
hardcore criminal. People are stupid but they'll
never fall for something this crazy you Purple
Penguin molester. It doesn't matter. We already
have a complete database on everyone. We know
what people will do, years ahead with our
advanced algorithms, so we can manipulate
them. Soon, we will build super computers.
We will build A I robots and destroy humans.
We will build brain microchips that allow
us to have 4 thousand i q's. And you know
what's the craziest thing of all? What? Listen
Carefully. The real reason for the N S A's
mass data collection isn't to spy on everybody.
It's to gather enough data to build the Supercomputer
Skynet. This supercomputer will know so much
it will virtually be a god. It will be the
artificial mind, of the collective consciousness
of humanity, because it has all of humanities
thoughts, ideas, dreams, and so on. It will
be like the movie Transcendence. A supercomputer
that is virtually god? It will know anything
instantly, even the secrets of the universe?
Yes, a quantum supercomputer, with advanced
algorithms, with the complete collected data
of mankind for centuries, can do this. Then
nothing can stop us. Hahaha. And you idiots
are arguing over Caitlin Jenner while we're
working on things a hundred years advanced.
You guys listen to Alex Jones and Infowars.com.
He is the only one I heard who exposes this
secret plan. Hilary for Prison 2016. The answer
to 19 84 is 17 76.
| {
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Ukrainian:
Репортер Dota 2, Сезон 3
Епізод 46 "Нічний терор"
[Ой, леле]
[Та годі, це ж боляче.]
[Йо-о-о-о~]
TIMBERSAW: Добре, що я тут.
ДИКТОРКА: Споруди сяйва укріплено.
TERRORBLADE: Ні! Вмри, вмри, вмри!
ДИКТОРКА: Верхню вежу сяйва було добито.
RUBICK: Так! Моя атака стала рішучою
у знищенні нашої власної вежі!
А це добре у цій грі. Ха-за!
TERRORBLADE: Хай тобі грець, Рубік.
Ти ще пошкодуєш, що одного дня перейшов дорогу могутньому Террор~
Ем... так. Е-е...
[Ласкаво просимо до Бокової крамниці]
Торгаш! Віддавай мені свій найкращий Ремінь силача.
КРАМАР: З вас 450 золотих, пане.
TERRORBLADE: Що!?
English:
TIMBERSAW: Good thing I'm here.
ANNOUNCER: Radiant structures are fortified.
TERRORBLADE: No! Die die die!
ANNOUNCER: Radiant's top tower has been denied.
RUBICK: Yes! My attack was the final blow
that brought down my own building!
...which is good in this game. Huzzah!
TERRORBLADE: Curse you, Rubick.
You will rue the day you crossed the might Terror-
Uh.. yeah. Eh...
Shopkeep! I require your finest Belt of Strength.
SHOPKEEPER: That'll be 450 gold, sir.
TERRORBLADE: What!?
Spanish:
TIMBERSAW: Menos mal que estoy aquí.
ANNOUNCER: Las estructuras Radiant están fortificadas.
TERRORBLADE: No! Muere muere muere!
ANNOUNCER: La torre top Radiant ha sido denegada.
RUBICK: Sí! Mi ataque ha sido el golpe final
que ha destruido mi propio edificio!
...lo cual es bueno en este juego. Huzzah!
TERRORBLADE: Maldito seas, Rubick.
Vas a lamentar el dia que te cruzaste con el poderoso Terror-
Uh.. Sí. Eh...
Tendero! Requiero de tu mejor Belt of Strength.
SHOPKEEPER: Serán 450 de oro, señor.
TERRORBLADE: Qué!?
Russian:
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Хорошо, что я здесь.
ANNOUNCER: Radiant structures are fortified.
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Нет! Умри умри умри!
ANNOUNCER: Radiant's top tower has been denied.
РУБИК: Да! Мой удар был последним
и добил мое собственное здание!
...что считается отличным в этой игре. Ура!
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Черт тебя побери, Рубик.
Ты пожалеешь о дне, когда ты встал на пути могучего Террор-
Эм.. да. Эх...
Продавец! Мне требуется твой лучший Пояс Силы.
ПРОДАВЕЦ: Это будет вам стоить 450 золотых, сэр.
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Что!?
French:
TIMBERSAW: Heureusement que je suis là.
ANNONCEUR: Les structures du Radiant sont fortifié.
TERRORBLADE: Non ! Meurs meurs meurs !
ANIMATEUR: La tour du haut du Radiant à été sacrifiée.
Rubick: Oui ! Mon attaque était le coup de grâce
qui a fait tomber mon propre bâtiment !
... Ce qui est bien dans ce jeu. Huzzah !
TERRORBLADE: Sois maudit, Rubick.
Tu regrettera le jour où tu a croisé le puissant Terror-
Euh.. ouais. Eh...
Vendeur ! J'ai besoin de ta meilleur Belt of Strength.
SHOPKEEPER: Ce fera 450 gold, monsieur.
TERRORBLADE: Quoi !?
English:
Look, I escaped from the hell of hells, alright?
I'm a demon feared by other demons.
And you expect me to pay full price for this crap?
SHOPKEEPER: Yeah, well, what are you gonna do about it, bitch?
TERRORBLADE: Uuuuugh, okay...
I need a Morbid Mask, too.
and... and I need one of those.
Uuuh I don't know what this is called..
RUBICK: Hey there, fellow teammates.
TIMBERSAW: Remember when I got the last hit on the bottom tower?
RUBICK: I think it would be a good idea to try to kill Terrorblade.
TIMBERSAW: That would be a good idea.
RUBICK: We don't want him getting too much farm.
TIMBERSAW: No we do not.
RUBICK: So I suggest we get some Smoke of Deceit and ambush him!
TIMBERSAW: I agree with your assessment of the situation.
RUBICK: Let's have the courier bring us the smoke. Hmmm, where is he?
KUNKKA: Ahhhh... hahaha!
Return to base and refill my trusty bottle!
Russian:
Послушай, я выбрался из самого адового ада, ясно?
Я демон, которого страшатся другие демоны.
И ты считаешь, что я буду платить полную цену за это дерьмо?
ПРОДАВЕЦ: Да, и что ты можешь с этим поделать, сучка?
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Уууууф, ладно...
Мне также нужна Морбид Маска.
и... вон та штука.
Эээ я не знаю как она называется...
РУБИК: Приветствую, дорогие тиммейты.
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Помнишь, как я добил вышку на боте?
РУБИК: Я думаю, нам стоит попытаться убить Террорблейда.
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Да это отличная идея.
РУБИК: Мы же не хотим, чтоб он слишком расфармился.
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Нет, не хотим.
РУБИК: Так что я предлагаю разжиться Смоуком и напасть на него из засады!
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Я полностью согласен с твоей оценкой нашего положения.
РУБИК: Давайте поручим курьеру принести нам смоук. Хмм, а где он?
КУНКА: Аххх... хахаха!
Возвращайся на базу и наполни мою верную банку!
Spanish:
Mira, he escapado del infierno de los infiernos, vale?
Soy un demonio temido por demonios.
Y esperas que pague todo eso por esta basura?
SHOPKEEPER: Sí, bueno y que vas a hacer al respecto, zorra?
TERRORBLADE: Uuuuugh, vale...
Necesito también una Morbid Mask.
y... y uno de esos.
Uuuh no se como se llama esto...
RUBICK: Hola, compañeros de equipo.
TIMBERSAW: Recuerdas cuando conseguí el último golpe en la torre bot?
RUBICK: Creo que sería una buena idea intentar matar a Terrorblade.
TIMBERSAW: Eso sería una buena idea.
RUBICK: No queremos que consiga demasiado farm.
TIMBERSAW: No, no queremos.
RUBICK: Así que sugiero que consigamos un poco de Smoke of Deceit y le tendamos una emboscada!
TIMBERSAW: Estoy de acuerdo con tu evaluación de la situación.
RUBICK: Dejemos que el courier nos traiga el smoke. Hmmm, donde está?
KUNKKA: Ahhhh... hahaha!
Vuelve a la base y rellena mi fiel botella!
Ukrainian:
Слухай, я втік із пекельних глибин пекла, ясно?
Я демон, котрого бояться навіть інші демони.
І ти очікуєш, що я платитиму тобі повну ціну за цю хрінь?
КРАМАР: Авжеж. Ну і що ти поробиш із цим, сучка?
TERRORBLADE: А-а-а, добре...
Ще мені потрібна Мерзенна маска.
А ще... ще ось ця штука також.
Е-ем, я не знаю, як вона зветься...
RUBICK: Здоровенькі, мої любі товариші.
TIMBERSAW: Пам'ятаєш, як я добив ту вежу знизу?
RUBICK: Гадаю, було б непогано нам спробувати вбити Террорблейда.
TIMBERSAW: Так, непогано було б.
RUBICK: Ми ж не хочемо дати йому нафармитися.
TIMBERSAW: Ні, не хочемо.
RUBICK: Отож, нас слід узяти Дим омани і напасти з засідки!
TIMBERSAW: Маю погодитись із твоєю оцінкою ситуації.
RUBICK: Тому хай кур'єр принесе нам димок. Хм-м, а де він?
KUNKKA: А-ах... Ха-ха-ха!
Вертайся на базу, та набери ще води у мою вірну пляшку!
French:
Écoute, je me suis échappé de l'Enfer des Enfers, d'accord ?
Je suis un démon craint par d'autres démons.
Et tu crois que je vais payé plein prix pour cette merde ?
SHOPKEEPER: Ouais, eh bien, qu'est-ce que tu vas faire à ce sujet, salope ?
TERRORBLADE: Uuuuugh, d'accord...
J'ai aussi besoin d'un Morbid Mask.
et... et j'ai besoin de l'un d'eux.
Uuuh Je ne sais pas comment sa s’appelle...
RUBICK: Hé là, chères coéquipiers.
TIMBERSAW: Vous vous souvenez quand j'ai eu le last hit sur la tour du bottom
RUBICK: Je pense que ce serait une bonne idée d'essayer de tuer Terrorblade.
TIMBERSAW: Ca serait une bonne idée.
RUBICK: Nous ne voulons pas qu'il puisse farmer trop
TIMBERSAW: Non, c'est sur.
RUBICK: Je suggère que l'on prend quelque Smoke of Deceit et qu'on le prend en embuscade.
TIMBERSAW: Je suis d'accord avec ton évaluation de la situation.
RUBICK: Faisont en sorte que le coursier nous apporte la smoke. Hmmm, où est-il ?
KUNKKA: Ahhhh... hahaha !
Retourne à la base et remplit ma fidèle bouteille !
Russian:
РУБИК: Ну, это займет время.
Давайте просто побудем рядом и постараемся поймать его из леса.
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Да! .. Блин.
Черт.
РУБИК: Я просто предположу, что у них нет вардов и они нас не заметят.
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Вперед!
ЭНИГМА: Не так быстро!
Так уж случилось, что у нас действительно ноль вардов и нам тупо повезло наткнуться на вас.
ТАЙДХАНТЕР: Да, тупо!
РУБИК: Тимберсоу, вернись!
Нам тут слегка нужна помощь.
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Пилу уже ничто не остановит. Этот кэрри умрет.
ЭНИГМА: Внезапно я прям жажду битвы.
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Ах хохо да! Похоже еще один фраг для меня!
АКС: Топор!
ЭНИГМА: Осторожнее с Берсерк Коллом!
Вы же видели, что случилось прошлый раз.
Ukrainian:
RUBICK: Що ж, це займе деякий час.
Тоді давайте проберемося до їх лісу і спробуймо звідти його підловити.
[26,7 секунд по тому]
TERRORBLADE: Ха!.. Трясця.
Чорт.
RUBICK: Я просто сподіватимуся, що вони не мали вардів і не бачили, як ми сюди йшли.
TIMBERSAW: Ходімо!
ENIGMA: Не так швидко!
Адже так вийшло, що в нас ТАКИ нема вардів і так вийшло, що ми наткнулися на вас тут, адже дурням щастить.
TIDEHUNTER: Ага, дурням!
RUBICK: Лісопил, вертайся!
Нам тут може знадобитися невеличка допомога.
TIMBERSAW: Зараз ніщо не зможе завадити Пилу. Цьому невдасі вже капут.
ENIGMA: Зненацька в мені прокинулася така сильна жага до бою.
TIMBERSAW: Ах хо-хо, так! Ще одне легке вбивство для мене!
AXE: Сокир'!
ENIGMA: Стережися його Виклику берсерка!
Ти ж пам'ятаєш, що сталося минулого разу.
French:
RUBICK: Eh bien, comptons pas sur ça.
Tournons juste en rond et essayons de l'attraper dans la jungle.
TERROTBLADE: Ya ! ..Fais chier.
Merde.
RUBICK: Je vais simplement supposer qu'ils n'ont pas de wards et qu'il ne nous voient pas arrivé.
TIMBERSAW: On y va !
ENIGMA: Pas si vite!
Il se trouve nous AVONS aucune wards et qu'on viens de te tomber dessus comme ça.
TIDEHUNTER: Ouais, comme ça !
RUBICK: Timbersaw, reviens !
On pourrais avoir besoin d'aide ici.
TIMBERSAW: Plus rien n'arrête la 'scie maintenant. Ce carry va mourrir.
ENIGMA: Je me sens vraiment assoiffé de bataille tout d'un coup.
TIMBERSAW: Ah hoho oui ! On dirait que c'est un autre kill pour moi !
AXE: Axe !
ENIGMA: Attention au Berserker's Call !
Vous avez vu ce que ça a fait la dernière fois.
Spanish:
RUBICK: Bueno, tardará un poco.
Vamos a dar una vuelta e intentar cogerle por la jungla.
TERRORBLADE: Ya! .. Demonios.
Mierda.
RUBICK: Voy a asumir que no tienen wards y que no nos han visto venir.
TIMBERSAW: Vamos allá!
ENIGMA: No tan rápido!
Es solo que NO tenemos ni un ward y nos hemos encontrado de estúpida casualidad.
TIDEHUNTER: Sí, estúpida!
RUBICK: Timbersaw, vuelve!
Alomejor aquí necesitamos un poco de ayuda.
TIMBERSAW: No hay nada que pare la sierra ahora. Este carry va a caer.
ENIGMA: De repente siento una gran sed de batalla.
TIMBERSAW: Ah hoho sí! Parece otra muerte para mi!
AXE: Axe!
ENIGMA: Cuidado con el Berserker's Call!
Ya viste lo que hizo la última vez.
English:
RUBICK: Well, that'll be awhile.
Let's just loop around and try to catch him from the jungle.
TERRORBLADE: Ya! .. Dammit.
Shit.
RUBICK: I'm just going to assume they don't have wards and didn't see us coming.
TIMBERSAW: Let's go!
ENIGMA: Not so fast!
It just so happens we DO have zero wards and we just happened upon you by dumb luck.
TIDEHUNTER: Yeah, dumb!
RUBICK: Timbersaw, come back!
We might need a little help here.
TIMBERSAW: There's not stopping the 'Saw now. This carry's going down.
ENIGMA: I feel really hungry for battle all of a sudden.
TIMBERSAW: Ah hoho yes! Looks like another kill for me!
AXE: Axe!
ENIGMA: Watch out for the Berserker's Call!
You saw what it did last time.
English:
ENIGMA: I don't want to attack you!
CM: F***.
ENIGMA: Ha! I guess the Berserker's Call...
Didn't go through and the line was busy.
Got 'em.
RUBICK: Frostbitten, twice shy- oh, that's not my line.
ENIGMA: I can think of one way we can take this fight.
Let's. Press.
'R.'
..Or whatever happens to be the hotkey for your ultimate ability.
TIDEHUNTER: Tidehunter... R!
ENIGMA: And take this!
*We did it. We're going to kill Rubick.*
*I bet he's impressed. There's no way for him to weasel out of this one.*
*Wait a second I shouldn't have said that now he's definitely going to find a way out of this.*
*...No? Nothing?*
*Good, I want to see the look on his face when*
Spanish:
ENIGMA: No quiero atacarte!
CM: J****.
ENIGMA: Ja! Supongo que la Llamada del Berserker...
Estaba apagado o fuera de cobertura.
Los tengo.
RUBICK: Una vez congelado, escarmentad- oh, esa no es mi linea.
ENIGMA: Estoy pensando en una forma de ganar esta pelea.
Pulsemos. La.
'R.'
..O cualquiera que sea tu tecla para usar el ultimate.
TIDEHUNTER: Tidehunter... R!
ENIGMA: Y toma esto!
*Lo hicimos. Vamos a matar a Rubick.*
*Apuesto a que esta impresionado. No hay forma de que se escape de esta.*
*Un segundo no deberia estar diciendo eso ahora seguro que va a encontrar una manera de salir de aquí.*
*...No? Nada?*
*Bien, quiero ver su cara cuando*
Ukrainian:
ENIGMA: Але ж я не хочу бити тебе!
CM: Б****.
ENIGMA: Ха! Схоже, що Виклик берсерка...
Він не пройшов, адже лінія було зайнятою.
Отак от.
RUBICK: Обморожений, та більш~ Ой, це ж не моя репліка.
ENIGMA: Я знаю лише один спосіб, аби виграти цей бій.
Кожен. Тисне.
"R."
...Чи будь яку іншу кнопку, яка в вас активує вашу ультимативну здібність.
TIDEHUNTER: Тайдхантер... R!
ENIGMA: А ось вам ще!
*В нас вийшло. Ми зараз вб'ємо Рубіка.*
*Я певен, він вражений. Йому ніяк не вийти із цієї ситуації живим.*
*Чорт, я не мав цього казати, зараз він точно знайде шлях як викрутитися з цього.*
*...Ні? Нічого?*
*Добре, тоді хочу подивитися на вираз його обличчя, коли*
French:
ENIGMA: Je ne veux pas t'attaquer !
CM: M****.
ENIGMA: Ha! Je suppose que le Berserker's Call...
N'est pas passer et que la ligne était occupée.
Je l'ai eu.
Rubick: Mordue par la glace, deux fois tim- oh, ce n'est pas ma réplique.
ENIGMA: Je ne peux penser qu'à une seule façon de régler ce combat.
Appuyions. Sur.
'R.'
..ou quelque soit la touche pour votre capacité ultime.
TIDEHUNTER: Tidehunter... R !
ENIGMA: Et prenez ça !
*Ont a réussi. Nous allons tuer Rubick.*
*Je parie qu'il est impressionné. Il n'y a aucun moyen qu'il s'en faufile.*
*Attendez une seconde, je ne l'aurais pas dit que maintenant il va certainement trouver un moyen de s'en faufilé.*
*...Non? Rien?*
*Bon, je veux voir le regard sur son visage quand*
Russian:
ЭНИГМА: Я не хочу бить тебя!
ЦМ: БЛ***
ЭНИГМА: Ха! Я так понимаю, Вызов не прошел...
линия была занята.
Все под контролем.
РУБИК: Frostbitten, twice shy- а, это не моя реплика.
ЭНИГМА: Я знаю, как нам победить в этом бою.
Давайте. Намжем.
'R.'
..Ну или что там у вас за клавиша для ульты.
ТАЙДХАНТЕР: Тайдхантер... R!
ЭНИГМА: И вот вам!
*Нам удалось. Мы убьем Рубика.*
*Готов поспорить, он впечатлен. Ему уже не найти выход из этой непростой ситуации.*
*Секундочку, зря я это сказал, теперь то он точно найдет выход.*
*...Нет? Ничего?*
*Хорошо, хотел бы я видеть выражение его лица, когда*
French:
Oh, allez !
Je suppose que nous devrions juste être heureux que nous soyons tous en vie.
Mais bordel où est Nigel ?
TIMBERSAW: Ne vous inquiétez pas l'équipe, vos morts ne seront pas en vain.
J'ai ceux pourquoi nous sommes vraiment venue.
TERRORBLADE: Non !
TIMBERSAW: Trop tard, Ducon !
TERRORBLADE: NOOOOOOOOOOOOON!
TIMBERSAW: ...quoi ?
TERROBLADE: Génial !
Spanish:
Oh venga ya!
Supongo que deberiamos estar felices por estar todos vivos.
Donde demonios esta Nigel?
TIMBERSAW: No os preocupeis equipo, vuestras muertes no serán en vano.
Tengo justo lo que venia a buscar.
TERRORBLADE: No!
TIMBERSAW: Hasta la vista, mamón!
TERRORBLADE: NOOOOOOOOOOOOO!
TIMBERSAW: ...Qué?
TERRORBLADE: Fantástico!
Ukrainian:
Та годі вам!
[Руйнація Тандхантера потурбувала цього милого Сатирчика]
Та годі вам!
Та годі вам!
Що ж, нам лишається радіти, що ми хоча б усі живі.
До речі, а де вбіса Найджел?
TIMBERSAW: Не хвилюйся, командо. Ваші смерті не будуть даремні.
Я зроблю те, заради чого це все було.
TERRORBLADE: Ні!
TIMBERSAW: Бувай, невдаха!
TERRORBLADE: НІ-І-І-І-І!
TIMBERSAW: ...що?
TERRORBLADE: Крутяцько!
Russian:
Да ладно!
Похоже мы должны радоваться, что остались живы.
Где черти носят Найджела?
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Не беспокойтесь, команда, вы погибли не напрасно.
Я получил то, зачем мы пришли.
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Нет!
ТИМБЕРСОУ: Какой длинный, сосни!
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: НЕЕЕЕЕЕЕЕЕЕЕЕТ!
ТИМБЕРСОУ: ...Что?
ТЕРРОРБЛЕЙД: Обалдеть!
English:
Oh come on!
I guess we should just be happy that we're all alive.
Where the hell is Nigel?
TIMBERSAW: Don't worry team, your deaths won't be in vain.
I've got what we really came for.
TERRORBLADE: No!
TIMBERSAW: So long, sucker!
TERRORBLADE: NOOOOOOOOOOOOO!
TIMBERSAW: ...what?
TERRORBLADE: Awesome!
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Yeah, Perdona por hacerte esperar, juro sacarte una sonrisa
Llega una nave nodriza y parece que el ejército de “King Cold” aterriza
Nadie discute, traen nuevos scooters, pa’
todos saiyans a los que utiliza
La mala noticia es que el ejército va a pasar a las manos de “Frieza”
El rey del planeta “Vegeta” ahora tiene
puesta toda esperanza en su hijo
Ey pero hay un niño llamado “Broly”,
su nivel ki es un prodigio
Le conderan al exilio y se le dejará sin
prestigio
Le envidiarán, la excusa que pondrán es
que quizá mañana el niño pierda el juicio.
Desterrado al planeta “Vampa”, con pocos
recursos y trampas.
“Paragus” le sigue, no aguanta
Tan solo se entrenan y acampan
Pasan los años y no hay esperanza
Se llenan de odio en busca de venganza
Mientras que el emperador trama algo mejor
Por eso en “Bardock” hay desconfianza
“Frieza” reclama a los saiyans que regresen
todos
Quiere acabar con la raza entera y ha encontrado
el modo
Los supervivientes creerán que fue por un
meteoro
Pero se salvará al Saiyan de clase baja que
se conoce como “Kakaroto”.
Tres saiyans, un destino, con distintos objetivos
Y aunque no existen motivos el único camino es pelear
Un poder tan genuino, tras su aspecto primitivo
Esconde un collar de castigo con el que se le Intenta dominar.
Tres saiyans, un destino, con distintos objetivos
Y aunque no existen motivos el único camino es pelear
Un poder tan genuino, tras su aspecto primitivo
Esconde un collar de castigo con el que se le Intenta dominar.
Mientras “Son Goku” y “Vegeta” se
entrenan
Son los secuaces de “Freezer” los que
están robando seis de las esferas
Los deseos de “Bulma” y del emperador
tú ni de coña te los esperas
Son “Lemo” y “Cheelai” los encuentran
por ahí
A “Broly” y a “Paragus” para que al ejército se les unieran.
A “Broly” se le ve inocente, el problema es un padre exigente
Lo separó de su único amigo “Bah” para que el Saiyan se concentre
Le Extirpó su cola y así lo controla con un collar que funciona con corrientes
Pero “Cheelai” lai le roba el control remoto, y todo va a ser diferente
“Frieza” sueña con sacarse a “Goku” ya de encima
Dan permiso a “Broly” para que no se reprima
Uve de “Vegeta”, la vendetta se aproxima
Tal vez te sorprenda el saiyan si lo subestimas.
Es la primera vez que “Broly” pela con
alguien de ese nivel
Pero aprende tras cada movimiento que el príncipe
emplea hacia él, le sobra poder
El super Saiyajin se dejará ver, “Broly”
y “Paragus” se van a sorprender
Ya no hay quién se defienda, es como en la
leyenda en la que solo “Freezer” debía creer
Llega el turno del super Saiyan Dios, “Broly” no puede hacer nada.
Ante esta situación pierde el control, ahora es un “Ōzaru”pero con forma Humana
Su fuerza ya emana, “Gokú” se prepara
Es hora de ver a estas bestias en una batalla feroz desatada.
Tres saiyans, un destino, “Broly” no está
receptivo
Ahora que no está cautivo, su poder por fin se va a desatar.
Un aumento repentino y para muchos excesivo
El combate es decisivo, este enemigo no es como los demás
Tres saiyans, un destino, “Broly” no está
receptivo
Y ahora que no está cautivo, su poder por fin se va a desatar.
Un aumento repentino y para muchos excesivo
El combate es decisivo, este enemigo no es como los demás
Empieza con clase, en su forma base y adopta su pose
Tras varios compases, hay cambio de fase y unos golpes feroces
Así es como se hace, el próximo pase es
el nivel los dioses
Aquí te complace y quizá te atenace esa
técnica que aún desconoces.
Puedo ver todo lo que has sufrido pero en
ti no consigo ver maldad
Siento tu corazón puro, estoy mas que seguro
que tú prefieres no luchar.
Yo contra un adversario tan duro, os juro
que no se cuanto rato mas voy a aguantar
“Piccolo” si no puedo solo prepárate
porque me voy teletransportar.
Va siendo hora de mostrar el “Blue” en
su plenitud, toca dar la talla
Pero aquí estás tú gozándolo en Youtube
mientras con este rap yo narro la batalla
“Frieza” mata a “Paragus” y así fuerza
a a “Broly” a ser un super saiyan
Ni “Vegeta” ni “Gokú” pueden juntos,
ahora si que el duelo estalla.
Le gastan una mala pasada a “Frieza” y
la retirada hasta parece discreta
1
2
fusión incompleta pero a la tercera
aparece “Gogeta”
Su fuerza es tan alta que inquieta
Con técnicas que lanzan ki como una metralleta
Con el super saiyan blue y “Broly” Power
full
Hasta las dimensiones se agrietan.
Ahora La diferencia es abismal
Aunque aguanta la forma el animal
Cada golpe que le da es mas letal y mas válido
Gogeta es demasiado rápido
Su poder es sobrenatural, llega el super “Kame
ha” final
Aunque “Cheelai” le pedirá a “Shenlog”que
envié a “Broly” a su planeta, salvándolo.
Tres saiyans, un destino, todos ellos siguen vivos
“Frieza” se ve inofensivo, por eso le
dejarán escapar
Ahora “Broly” está tranquilo, “Goku”
siempre positivo
Quizá acaben como amigos “Kakaroto” solo quiere ayudar
Tres saiyans, un destino, todos ellos siguen vivos
“Freezer” se ve inofensivo, por eso le
dejarán escapar
Ahora “Broly” está tranquilo, “Goku”
siempre positivo
Quizá acaben como amigos “Kakaroto”
Dragon ball siempre conmigo de aquí hasta el final.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Romanian:
Traducător: Emil-Lorant Cocian
Corector: Ariana Bleau Lugo
Bună, Doha. Bună. Salaam alaikum.
Îmi place să vin la Doha.
E un loc atât de cosmopolit.
Parcă ar fi Națiunile Unite aici.
La aeroport te primește o doamnă indiană,
care te duce la Serviciile Al Maha
unde întâlnești o doamnă filipineză,
care te înmânează unei doamne
din Africa de Sud,
care te duce la un coreean care te duce
cu bagajul la un pakistanez,
care te duce la mașină cu un sri lankez.
Mergi la hotel, te înregistrezi.
Acolo e un libanez.
Da? Apoi un suedez mi-a arătat camera.
L-am întrebat: „Unde sunt qatarienii?”
(Râsete)
(Aplauze)
Vietnamese:
Translator: Sonny Sasha
Reviewer: Lien Hoang
Xin chào Doha, xin chào. Salaam alaikum.
Tôi rất thích thăm Doha. Doha đúng là một thành phố quốc tế.
Tôi cảm giác như cả Liên hợp quốc đang ở đây.
Bạn hạ cánh ở sân bay và được một cô gái Ấn Độ đón tiếp
cô ấy sẽ dấn bạn tới dịch vụ Al Maha, ở đó bạn sẽ gặp một cô gái Phillippines
rồi cô ấy chuyển bạn cho một cô gái Nam Phi
cô này lại đưa bạn qua bạn tới một người Hàn Quốc và anh chàng này
đưa bạn đến chỗ anh chàng Pakistan giúp khuân hành lí
anh này lại đưa bạn ra xe với một tài xế người Sri Lanka.
Bạn đến khách sạn và làm thủ tập nhập phòng. Ở đó có một người Libăng.
Và rồi một chàng Thụy Điển dẫn tôi lên phòng.
Tôi nói "Thế người Qatar đâu hết rồi?" (Cười)
(Vỗ tay)
Arabic:
المترجم: mohammad munshi
المدقّق: Jehad Alamasi
مرحبا ,الدوحة , مرحبا , السلام عليكم
أحب المجيء إلى الدوحة , إنها مكان عالمي
انها كأن -- تعطيك الاحساس ان الأمم المتحدة كلها هنا
تصل إلى المطار ويتم استقبالك بواسطة امرأة هندية
تأخذك إلى خدمات المها , المكان اللذي تجد فيه امرأة فلبينية
تسلمك إلى امرأة جنوب أفريقية
تأخذك إلى رجل كوري ,واللذي بدورة يسلمك
إلى رجل باكستاني مع العفش
يأخذك إلى الى السيارة مع سريلانكي
تنزل في فندق وتجد على الاستقبال لبناني
حقا ! ثم أراني غرفتي رجل سويدي
قلت له : أين القطريين ؟
(تصفيق)
iw:
מתרגם: Shlomo Adam
מבקר: Zeeva Livshitz
שלום דוחה, שלום.
סאלם עליכום.
אני אוהב לבוא לדוחה.
זה מקום כל-כך בינלאומי.
זה כמו-- ההרגשה כאן
היא כמו באו"ם.
אתה נוחת בשדה התעופה,
ומקבלת אותך גברת הודית
שלוקחת אותך ל"שירותי אל-מאהא",
ושם אתה פוגש גברת פיליפינית
שמעבירה אותך לגברת
דרום-אפריקאית
שלוקחת אותך לגברת קוריאנית
שלוקחת אותך
לבחור פקיסטני
שנושא את המזוודות
שלוקח אותך למכונית
שיושב בה איש מסרי-לנקה.
אתה מגיע לקבלה במלון.
יש שם לבנוני.
כן? ואז בחור שוודי
הראה לי את החדר.
שאלתי, "יש פה אנשים מקטאר?"
[צחוק]
[מחיאות כפיים]
Serbian:
Prevodilac: Andrea Jovanovic
Lektor: Ivana Korom
Pozdrav, Doha. Salam alejkum.
Volim da dolazim u Dohu.
Tako je internacionalna.
Deluje kao Ujedinjene nacije upravo ovde.
Sletiš na aerodrom
i dobrodošlicu ti poželi Indijka
koja te odvede do Al Maha usluga,
gde upoznaješ damu sa Filipina
koja te predaje dami iz Južne Afrike
koja te odvodi do Koreanke, koja te odvodi
do Pakistanca koji je zadužen za prtljag,
koji te odvodi do kola
čiji je vozač sa Šri Lanke.
Stigneš do hotela i prijaviš se.
Tamo se nalazi Libanac.
Da? I zatim mi je Šveđanin pokazao sobu.
Pitao sam: "Gde su Katarani?"
(Smeh)
(Aplauz)
Modern Greek (1453-):
Μετάφραση: Kostas Mouratis
Επιμέλεια: Vasiliki Fragkoulidou
Γεια σου Ντόχα, σε χαιρετώ!
Σαλάμ Αλέκομ.
Μου αρέσει να έρχομαι στη Ντόχα,
είναι μια διεθνής πόλη.
Είναι σα να βρίσκομαι στα Ηνωμένα Έθνη.
Προσγειώνεσαι στο αεροδρόμιο
και σε καλωσορίζει μία κυρία από την Ινδία
που σε πηγαίνει στις υπηρεσίες της Αλ Μάχα
όπου συναντάς μια κυρία από τις Φιλιππίνες
η οποία σε παραδίδει
σε μια κυρία από τη Νότιο Αφρική
που στη συνέχεια σε πηγαίνει
σε μια Κορεάτισσα
που με τη σειρά της σε πηγαίνει
σε έναν Πακιστανό μαζί με τις αποσκευές σου,
ο οποίος σε συνοδεύει μέχρι το αυτοκίνητο
με έναν τύπος από τη Σρι Λάνκα.
Στη ρεσεψιόν του ξενοδοχείου
βρίσκεται ένας Λιβανέζος.
Ναι! Και στη συνέχεια
ένας Σουηδός σου δείχνει το δωμάτιό σου.
Ρώτησα, «Πού βρίσκονται
οι άνθρωποι από το Κατάρ;»
(Γέλια)
(Χειροκρότημα)
Czech:
Překladatel: Helena Brunnerová
Korektor: Vlastimil Lacina
Zdravím Dauhá. Zdravím. Salaam alaikum.
Miluji cesty do Dauhá. Je to tak mezinárodní místo.
Je to jako -- mám pocit, že OSN je právě tady.
Přistanete na letišti a jste přivítaní Indkou,
která vás vezme do Al Maha Services, kde potkáte Filipínku,
která vás předá Jihoafričance,
která vás pak vezme ke Korejci, který vás vezme
k Pákistánci se zavazadly,
který vás zavede k vašemu autu se Srí Lančanem.
Jdete se ubytovat do hotelu. Je tam Libanonec.
Že jo? A pak mi chlapík ze Švédska ukázal můj pokoj.
Zeptal jsem se: "Kde jsou Katařani?" (Smích)
(Potlesk)
Chinese:
譯者: Geoff Chen
審譯者: Coco Shen
哈囉，杜哈。哈囉。Salaam alaikum！
（阿拉伯問候語：平安）
我喜歡來杜哈，這是一個多麼國際化的地方。
這就像是 — — 這裡就像聯合國。
你抵達機場，然後一位印度女士來接送你，
她帶你到 Al Maha 服務站，
在那你遇到一位菲律賓女士，
她又帶你去見一位南非來的女士，
然後這位女士又帶你去見一個韓國人，這人帶你
去見一個提著行李的巴基斯坦人，
這巴基斯坦人又帶你去找
一個開著車的斯里蘭卡人，
你去旅館報到，那裡有黎巴嫩人，
是吧？然後一個瑞典人領我到房間，
我問：「卡達人都在哪啊？」（笑聲）
（掌聲）
Spanish:
Traductor: Raquel de Pedro Rodríguez
Revisor: Lidia Cámara de la Fuente
Hola, Doha. Hola.
Salaam alaikum.
Me encanta venir a Doha.
Es un lugar tan internacional.
Parece que uno está
en Naciones Unidas.
Aterrizas en el aeropuerto
y te recibe una mujer india
que te lleva a Al Maha Services,
donde te encuentras con una mujer filipina
que te deja con una mujer sudafricana
quien luego te deja con un coreano
que te deja con
el equipaje con un pakistaní
quien te lleva al auto
con un hombre de Sri Lanka.
Vas al hotel, te registras
y ahí hay un libanés.
Y luego un sueco
me enseña la habitación.
Y digo: "¿Dónde están los de Qatar?".
(Risas)
(Aplausos)
Hindi:
Translator: मयंक कुमार
Reviewer: Arvind Patil
हैलो, दोहा, हैलो !
सलाम आलैकुम !
मुझे अच्छा लगता है, दोहा आना।
मानो अंतर्राष्ट्रीय भूमि हो।
ऐसा लगता है
यूनाइटेड नेशन्स है ये।
आप हवाई-अड्डे पर उतरते हो
और एक भारतीय नारी आपका स्वागत करती है
वह आपको अल महा सर्विसेज़ लाती है
वहाँ आप एक फिलिपीनो बाला से मिलते हो
वह आपको दक्षिण-अफ्रीकी कन्या को सौपती है
और वह एक कोरियन को
फिर वह आपको सामान सहित
पाकिस्तानी मुंडे के पास पहुंचाती है
जो आपको एक श्रीलंकन
के कार तक लाता है
आप होटल के अंदर पहुँचते हो तब
आपका सामना लैबनीज से होता है।
हाँ? और तब एक स्वीडिश जवान
आपके कमरे तक छोड़ता है
मैंने कहा, "कहाँ हैं क़तारी?"
(हँसी)
(तालियाँ)
Russian:
Переводчик: Anastasia Yastrebtseva
Редактор: Aliaksandr Autayeu
Приветствую вас, Доха! Привет!
Салам алейкум! Мир вам!
Мне нравится приезжать в Доху.
Такая тут международная атмосфера.
Чувствуешь себя, как в ООН.
Приземлился в аэропорту
и тебя приветствует индийская девушка,
провожает тебя до офиса Аль Маха,
где тебя уже ждёт филиппинка,
которая передаёт тебя
южно-африканской девушке,
ведущей тебя к корейцу,
отправляющему тебя
за багажом к пакистанцу,
который сажает тебя в такси к шри-ланкийцу.
Ты приезжаешь в гостиницу
и регистрируешься за стойкой у ливанца.
Похоже? А в номер
меня вообще проводил швед.
Я спросил: «А где же катарцы?» (Смех)
(Аплодисменты)
Persian:
Translator: B L
Reviewer: soheila Jafari
سلام، دوحه. سلاااااام. سلام علیکم.
من عاشق اومدن به دوحه هستم. خیلی بین المللیه.
مثل اینکه سازمان ملل متحد همین جاست.
تو فرودگاه که پیاده می شی، یه خانم هندی می یاد استقبالت،
که راهنمایت می کنه به خدمات ال ماها، که اونجا یه خانم فیلیپینی رو میبینی،
که اون تحویلت می ده به یه خانم آفریقای جنوبی،
که اونم می برتت پیش یه کره ای، که اونم
می برتت پیش یه مرد پاکستانی که چمدونات رو داره،
که اونم می برتت پای تاکسی که راننده اش سریلانکاییه.
می ری هتل که اتاقتو بگیری، یه لبنانی اونجاست.
درسته؟ و آخرش یه مرد سوئدی منو به اتاقم راهنمائی کرد.
گفتم " پس مردم قطر کجان؟" (خنده حضار)
(تشویق حضار)
Ukrainian:
Перекладач: Oleksandr Dykyi
Утверджено: Hanna Leliv
Доброго дня, Доха. Привіт!
Салам алейкум! Мир вам!
Я обожнюю приїжджати в Доху.
Тут така інтернаціональна атмосфера.
Почуваєш себе ніби в ООН.
Приземлився в аеропорті,
і тебе вітає дівчина з Індії,
яка проводить тебе до офісу Аль Маха,
де тебе зустрічає дівчина з Філіппін,
яка передає тебе дівчині з Південної Африки,
яка веде тебе до корейця,
який відправляє тебе до
пакистанця з багажем,
який садить тебе в таксі,
де сидить хлопець зі Шрі-Ланки.
Ти їдеш у готель і реєструєшся.
У ліванця.
Невже? І тоді нарешті швед показує вашу кімнату.
Я запитав: «А де ж катарійці?»
(Сміх)
(Оплески)
German:
Übersetzung: Nadine Hennig
Lektorat: Barbara Mauchle
Hallo, Doha. Hallo. Salaam Alaikum.
Ich liebe es, nach Doha zu kommen.
Es ist eine solch internationale Stadt.
Das ist so – es ist gerade so
wie bei den Vereinten Nationen.
Du landest am Flughafen und
wirst von einer Inderin begrüßt,
die dich zu den Al-Maha-Services bringt,
wo du auf eine Philippinerin triffst,
die dich an eine Südafrikanerin übergibt,
die dich dann zu einem Koreaner
bringt, der dich wiederum
zu einem Pakistaner fürs Gepäck führt,
der dich zum sri-lankischem Chauffeur geleitet.
Du fährst ins Hotel und checkst ein.
Dort triffst du einen Libanesen.
Ja? Und dann zeigte mir ein Schwede mein Zimmer.
Ich fragte: „Wo sind die Katarer?“
(Gelächter)
(Applaus)
Polish:
Tłumaczenie: Capa Girl
Korekta: Magda Dombek
Witaj, Doha!
Salaam alaikum!
Kocham przyjeżdżać do Dohy.
To takie międzynarodowe miejsce.
Można się tu poczuć, jak
w Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych.
Na lotnisku wita cię Hinduska
i zabiera cię do Al Maha Services,
gdzie spotykasz Filipinkę,
która oddaje cię w ręce Południowej Afrykanki,
ta w ręce Koreanki,
która zabiera cię
z bagażem do Pakistańczyka,
który zabiera cię do auta
z kierowcą Lankijczykiem.
W hotelu melduje cię Libańczyk.
Rozumiecie?
A później Szwed zaprowadza cię do pokoju.
Pytam: "Gdzie są Katarczycy?"
(Śmiech)
(Brawa)
French:
Traducteur: Elisabeth Buffard
Relecteur: Jean-Charles Longuet
Bonjour, Doha. Salut. Salâm'aleïkoum.
J'adore venir à Doha. C'est tellement cosmopolite.
C'est comme -- c'est comme l'ONU.
Vous atterrissez à l'aéroport, et vous êtes accueillis
par une dame indienne
qui vous emmène à Al Maha Services,
où vous rencontrerez une dame philippine
qui vous laisse aux mains
d'une dame Sud-Africaine
qui vous emmène alors à un Coréen
qui vous emmène
à un Pakistanais avec les bagages
qui vous emmène à la voiture avec un Sri-lankais.
Vous allez à l'hôtel et vous vous enregistrez.
Il y a un Libanais.
Si ! Et puis un Suédois m'a montré ma chambre.
J'ai demandé, « Où sont les Qataris? » (Rires)
(Applaudissements)
Bulgarian:
Translator: Evelina Pashova
Reviewer: Yavor Ivanov
Здравейте, Доха. Здравейте. Салам алейкум.
Обичам да идвам в Доха. Това е толкова международно място.
Например, сякаш тук са "Обединените нации".
Кацаш на летището и ви посреща индийка,
която ви отвежда до" Ал Маха Сървисис" (услуга на Катарските авиолинии), където срещате филипинка,
която ви оставя в ръцете на южноафриканка,
която после ви води до кореец, който пък ви отвежда до
пакистанец, който ви носи багажа и
ви води до колата с шофьор от Шри Ланка.
Отивате в хотела и се регистрирате на рецепцията. А там - ливанец.
Да? И след това швед ми показа стаята.
Викам аз: "Къде са катарците?" (Смях)
(Аплодисменти)
Japanese:
翻訳: Takahiro Shimpo
校正: nobuyuki umeji
ドーハの皆さん こんにちは
こんにちは（アラビア語）
本当に国際色豊かですから
ドーハに来るのは好きなんですよね
この会場も何だか国連の会議みたいだし
空港ではインド人の女性が迎えてくれ
空港のラウンジには フィリピンの女性がいて
次に南アフリカ人の女性
そして韓国人女性と引き継がれ
パキスタン人の男性が私の荷物を
スリランカ人が運転する車に運んでくれました
ホテルの受付はレバノン人でしたし
部屋に案内してくれたのは
スウェーデン人の男性だったので
私は叫びましたよ
「カタール人はどこだ？」 (笑)
(拍手)
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Camila Sauer
Revisor: Luiz Alexandre Gruszynski
Olá Doha! Olá "Salaam alaikum". [linguagem muçumana]
Eu adoro vir a Doha. É um local tão internacional.
É como -- é como se fossem as Nações Unidas, bem aqui.
Você aterriza no aeroporto, e é recepcionado por uma senhorita indiana
que leva você até o hotel Maha, onde você encontra uma senhorita das filipinas
que te deixa com uma senhorita sul-africana
que te leva até um coreano, o qual te mostra o
cara paquistanês com as bagagens
que te leva até o carro onde há um singalês.
Você vai para o hotel e faz o check in - com um libanês.
E aí um cara da Suíça me conduz até meu quarto.
Eu pergunto: "Onde estão os catarianos?" (Risos)
(aplausos)
Dutch:
Vertaald door: Els De Keyser
Nagekeken door: Christel Foncke
Hallo Doha.
Hallo. Salaam alaikum.
Ik hou ervan naar Doha te komen.
Het is zo'n internationale plek.
Het lijken hier de Verenigde Naties wel.
Je landt op de luchthaven
en een Indiase dame verwelkomt je,
brengt je naar Al Maha Services,
waar je een Filipijnse dame ontmoet,
die je doorgeeft aan een Zuid-Afrikaanse,
die je naar een Koreaan brengt
die je naar een Pakistaan met de bagage brengt,
die je naar de auto met een Sri Lankees brengt.
Je gaat naar het hotel en checkt in.
Daar staat een Libanees.
En een Zweed toonde me mijn kamer.
Ik vroeg: "Waar zijn de Qatari?" (Gelach)
(Applaus)
Kurdish:
Translator: Mardin Abdalqadir
Reviewer: Daban Q Jaff
سڵاو، دەوحە. سڵاو!
سەلام و عەلەیکوم.
زۆر حەزم بە هاتنە بۆ دەوحە.
بەراستی شوێنێکی نێودەوڵەتییە.
هەستەکەی کە مەڵبەندی
نەتەوە یەکگرتتوەکان لێرەیە.
هەر کە لە فرۆکەخانە دادەبەزیت، لە لایەن
خانمێکی هندییەوە پێشوازیت لێدەکرێت.
ئەویش دەتبات بۆ بەشی خزمەتگوزاری Al Maha،
کە خانمێکی فلیپینی دەبینیت.
ئەویش دەتگەیەنێت بە خانمێکی باشوری ئەفریقا
کە دواتر ئەویش دەتبات بۆ لای کۆرییەک
کۆرییەکەش دەتبات بۆ لای
پاکستانییەک لەگەڵ جانتاکانتدا
ئەویش دەتبات بۆ لای
سریلانکییەک لای ئۆتۆمبێلەکە.
دەچیت بۆ ئوتێل و ناو تۆمار دەکەیت.
کارمەندێکی لوبنانی دەبینیت.
بەڵێ! ئینجا کوڕێکی سویدی
ژوورەکەی پێ نیشاندام.
پێم وت: ئەرێ قەتەرییەکان لە کوێن؟
(پێکەنین)
(چەپڵە رێزان)
English:
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Morton Bast
Hello, Doha. Hello!
Salaam alaikum.
I love coming to Doha.
It's such an international place.
It feels like the United Nations here.
You land at the airport,
and you're welcomed by an Indian lady
who takes you to Al Maha Services,
where you meet a Filipino lady
who hands you off to a South African lady
who then takes you to a Korean
who takes you to a Pakistani guy
with the luggage
who takes you to the car
with a Sri Lankan.
You go to the hotel and you check in.
There's a Lebanese.
Yeah? And then a Swedish guy
showed me my room.
I said, "Where are the Qataris?"
(Laughter)
(Applause)
Korean:
번역: Il Hyun Kim
검토: Woo Hwang
도하에 계신 여러분 안녕하십니까. 살람 알리쿰.
저는 도하에 오는 것을 즐깁니다.
국제적인 도시이기 떄문이죠,
마치 유엔에 온 것 같습니다.
공항에 내리자마자 인도인 숙녀분이 환영해주죠.
그분을 따라 알 마하 서비스에 가면
거기서 필리핀 여성을 만나고,
그분은 당신을 남아공 여성분에게,
그리고 다시 한국인에게,
다시 짐을 들어줄 파키스탄 분에게,
그리고 마지막으로 스리랑카 기사분을 만나게 됩니다.
호텔에 체크인하면 거기에 레바논 분이 있죠.
그리고 스웨덴 사람이 방으로 인도해주죠.
그래서 말했죠, "카타르인들은 다들 어디갔죠? (웃음)
(박수)
Chinese:
翻译人员: Xiaoma Cheng
校对人员: Jacy Su
嗨，多哈。嗨，大家好（阿拉伯问候语）
我喜欢来多哈。这是个如此国际化的地方。
这就像----似乎联合国就在这里。
当你到达机场后，是个印度女士来迎接你的
她把你带到阿玛哈酒店，在这里你见到一位菲律宾女士
菲律宾女士把你转托给一位南非女士
南非女士把你带给一位韩国人，而这位韩国人把你和行李带
给一个巴基斯坦家伙。
巴基斯坦人连同一个斯里兰卡人把你带上了车
你到达了酒店并办理了入住。（前台）是个黎巴嫩人。
额？然后一个瑞典人带我看了下房间。
我说“卡塔尔人呢？”（笑声）
（掌声）
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Rafael Galupa
Revisora: NUNO ROSALINO
Olá, Doha! Olá. Salaam alaikum.
Adoro vir a Doha.
É um sítio tão internacional.
Isto é como... parece que
as Nações Unidas estão mesmo aqui.
Aterramos no aeroporto e somos
recebidos por uma senhora indiana,
que no leva aos Serviços Al Maha,
onde encontramos uma senhora filipina
que nos entrega a uma senhora sul-africana
que nos leva a uma coreana
que nos leva a um paquistanês
com a bagagem
que nos leva ao carro com um cingalês.
Vamos até ao hotel
e no "check-in" há um libanês.
Não é? Depois foi um sueco
a mostrar-me o quarto.
E eu perguntei: "Onde estão os catarenses?"
(Risos)
(Aplausos)
Croatian:
Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek
Recezent: Ena Mehić
Zdravo, Doha. Zdravo. Selam alejkum.
Volim doći u Dohu. To je tako međunarodno mjesto.
Osjećam se kao da su ovdje Ujedinjeni narodi.
Sletite u zračnu luku i dočeka vas Indijka
koja vas odvede do servisa Al Maha,
gdje vas dočeka Filipinka
koja vas usmjeri Južnoafrikanki
koja vas nakon toga odvede
do Korejca, koji vas odvede do
Pakistanca s prtljagom,
koji vas odvede do automobila
u kojem je Šrilančanin.
Odete do hotela i prijavite se; tu je Libanonac.
Je li tako? A zatim mi je Šveđanin pokazao sobu.
Pitao sam: „A gdje su Katarci?“ (Smijeh)
(Pljesak)
Latvian:
Translator: Kristaps Kadiķis
Reviewer: Natalja Gorohova
Sveiki, Doha. Sveki. Asalamu alaikum.
Man patīk ierasties Dohā. Tā ir tik starptautiska vieta.
Tātad sajūta it kā te būtu Apvienotās Nācijas.
Jūs piezemējaties lidostā un jūs sagaida indiete,
kas jūs aizved uz Al Maha Services, kur satiekat filipīnieti,
kas tālāk jūs nodod dienvidāfrikānietei,
kas tad jūs aizved līdz korejietim, kas jūs aizved
līdz pakistāniešu puisim ar bagāžu,
kas aizved jūs līdz mašīnai ar šrilankieti.
Jūs dodaties uz viesnīcu un piereģistrējaties. Pretim stāv lībietis.
Ja? Tad zviedrs ierādīja man manu istabu.
Es jautāju: „Kur ir katarieši?” (Smiekli)
(Aplausi)
Turkish:
Çeviri: Ethem Canbolat
Gözden geçirme: Hulya Uzun
Merhaba Doha. Merhaba. Selamün aleyküm.
Doha'ya gelmeyi seviyorum. Burası o kadar uluslararası bir yer ki.
Burası sanki- burası sanki Birleşmiş Milletler gibi.
Havaalanına iniş yapıyorsunuz sizi Hindistanlı bir bayan karşılıyor
o da sizi Al Maha Servisine götürüyor, orada Filipinli bir bayanla buluşuyorsunuz
O da sizi Güney Afrikalı bir bayana teslim ediyor
sonra o da sizi bir Koreli'ye götürüyor, o da
bagajlarla bekleyen Pakistanlıya götürüyor
o da seni Sri Lankalı adamın olduğu arabaya götürüyor.
Otele gidiyorsun kaydını yaptırıyorsun. Orada da bir Lübnanlı var.
Evet? Ve sonra İsveçli bir adam bana odamı gösterdi.
Ben de "Katarlılar nerde?" dedim (Gülüş sesleri)
(Alkış)
Thai:
Translator: chattima tiraphongprasert
Reviewer: yamela areesamarn
สวัสดีครับ โดฮา สวัสดี ซาลัมอาลัยกุม
ผมชอบมาที่ โดฮา เป็นที่ที่หลากหลายเชื้อชาติมาก
มันเหมือนกับ มันรู้สึกเหมือนอยู่ใน ยูเอ็น ยังงั้นเลย
พอลงมาจากเครื่องบิน ก็มีสาวอินเดียมาต้อนรับ
แล้วพาคุณไปใช้บริการของอัลมาฮา คุณก็จะพบสาวฟิลิปปินส์
ซึ่งจะส่งคุณต่อไปที่สาวอาฟริกาใต้
ซึ่งจะพาคุณไปหาสาวเกาหลี ซึ่งจะพาคุณ
ไปพบหนุ่มปากีสถานที่ขนกระเป๋ามา
แล้วพาไปที่รถที่มีคนศรีลังกาเป็นคนขับ
พาคุณไปโรงแรมเพื่อเช็คอิน มีคนเลบานอนอยู่ที่นั่นด้วย
ใช่มั้ย แล้วหนุ่มสวีเดนก็พาผมไปที่ห้อง
ผมก็ถามว่า "แล้วคนกาตาร์อยู่ไหนเนี่ย"
(ปรบมือ)
Italian:
Traduttore: Sabrina Palumbo
Revisore: Daniela Bottazzi
Salve, Doha. Salve. Salaam alaikum.
Adoro venire qui a Doha. Ѐ un posto talmente internazionale!
Ѐ come -- sembra di essere all'ONU.
Atterrate all'aeroporto, e vi dà il benvenuto una signora indiana
che vi porta ai Servizi Al Maha, dove incontrate una signora filippina
che vi consegna ad una signora sudafricana
che a sua volta vi porta da una coreana che vi porta da
un tizio pakistano con il bagaglio
che vi porta alla macchina con un cingalese.
Andate all'hotel e fate il check in. C'è un libanese.
Giusto? E poi uno svedese mi ha mostrato la camera.
Ho detto, "Dove sono i qatarioti?"
(Risate)
(Applausi)
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Camila Sauer
Revisor: Luiz Alexandre Gruszynski
Olá Doha! Olá "Salaam alaikum". [linguagem muçumana]
Eu adoro vir a Doha. É um local tão internacional.
É como -- é como se fossem as Nações Unidas, bem aqui.
Você aterriza no aeroporto, e é recepcionado por uma senhorita indiana
que leva você até o hotel Maha, onde você encontra uma senhorita das filipinas
que te deixa com uma senhorita sul-africana
que te leva até um coreano, o qual te mostra o
cara paquistanês com as bagagens
que te leva até o carro onde há um singalês.
Você vai para o hotel e faz o check in - com um libanês.
E aí um cara da Suíça me conduz até meu quarto.
Eu pergunto: "Onde estão os catarianos?" (Risos)
(aplausos)
Indonesian:
Translator: Antonius Yudi Sendjaja
Reviewer: Dewi Barnas
Halo, Doha. Halo, Assalamualaikum.
Saya senang sekali datang ke Doha. Tempat ini sangat internasional.
Seperti -- serasa seperti PBB di sini.
Begitu mendarat di bandara, Anda disambut seorang wanita India
yang mengantar Anda ke Al Maha Services, di mana Anda bertemu seorang wanita Filipina
yang mengantar Anda ke seorang wanita Afrika Selatan
yang kemudian mengantar Anda ke seorang Korea yang mengantar Anda
ke seorang pria Pakistan dengan tas Anda
yang mengantar Anda ke mobil yang dikemudikan seorang Sri Lanka.
Anda pergi ke hotel dan melakukan check in. Ada orang Lebanon.
Ya kan? Lalu seorang pria Swedia yang mengantarkan saya ke kamar.
Saya bertanya, "Mana orang-orang Qatar?" (Tertawa)
(Tepuk tangan)
Hungarian:
Fordító: Andrea Peter
Lektor: Patricia Vadasz
Hello, Doha. Hello. Salaam alaikum.
Imádok Dohába jönni. Olyan nemzetközi itt a környezet.
Olyan, mint -- mintha maga az ENSZ lenne itt.
Megérkezünk a reptérre, egy indiai hölgy üdvözöl,
elvezet az Al Maha Services-hez, ahol egy filippínó hölggyel találkozunk,
aki egy dél-afrikai hölgy gondjaira bíz,
aztán átad egy koreainak, aki elvisz
egy pakisztáni fickóhoz a csomagokkal,
egy srí lankaival együtt beültet egy autóba.
Eljutunk a hotelbe, és bejelentkezünk. Itt egy libanoni van.
Ugye? Majd egy svéd srác megmutatta a szobámat.
Azt kérdeztem: "Hol vannak a katariak?" (Nevetés)
(Taps)
Arabic:
قالوا لي : لا , لا , الجو حار جدا . انهم يأتون متأخرا . انهم اذكياء .
(إنهم يعرفون)
وبالطبع , انها تنمو بسرعة , أحيانا هناك بعض المتاعب
مثلا , أحيانا تقابل أناس تظن انهم
يعرفون المدينة جيدا , لكن في الحقيقة هم لا يعرفونها جيدا
سائق التاكسي الهندي جاء إلى فندق (W)
وطلبت منه أن يأخذني إلى فندق الشيراتون ,
قال لي : لا مشكلة , سيدي.
ثم جلسنا في التاكسي لدقيقتين
قلت له : مالأمر ؟ . قال لي: هناك مشكلة واحدة سيدي .
قلت : ماذا ؟ . قال : أين هو الفندق ؟
(ضحك)
قلت : أنت السائق , يفترض بك أن تعرف المكان . قال : لا , أنا لقد وصلت للتو .
سألته : للتو وصلت الى (W) ؟ . قال : لا للتو وصلت إلى الدوحة . سيدي.
كنت في طريقي إلى البيت من المطار . وحصلت على وظيفة .
و ها أنا أعمل مباشرةً
قال : سيدي, لماذا لا تقود أنت ؟ .
قلت : لا أعرف إلى أين نذهب .
قال : ولا أنا , سوف تكون مغامرة . سيدي.
أنها مغامرة بالفعل . الشرق الأوسط كان مغامرة أخر سنتين .
Hungarian:
Azt válaszolták: "Nem, nem, túl meleg van. Csak később jönnek elő. Ők okosak."
(Nevetés). "Ők tudják."
Bizony, olyan gyorsan fejlődik a város, és néha ez nehézségekkel is jár.
Tudják, mint amikor néha olyan emberekkel találkozunk, akikről azt hisszük,
hogy jól ismerik a várost, de valójában egyáltalán nem így van.
Az indiai taxisofőröm megjelent a W-nél,
megkértem, hogy vigyen el a Sheratonhoz,
mire azt felelte: "Semmi probléma, uram."
Ezután két percig csak ültünk ott.
Megkérdeztem: "Mi a probléma?" És azt válaszolta: "Csak egy gond van, uram."
Erre én: "Mi?" És folytatja: "Az hol van?"
(Nevetés)
Majd én: "Maga a sofőr, magának kell tudnia." Mire ő: "Nem, én csak most érkeztem, uram."
Én: "Csak most ért ide a W-hez?" "Nem, csak most érkeztem Dohába, uram."
Épp hazafelé tartottam a reptérről, mikor kaptam egy munkát.
Már dolgozom is."
Így folytatja: "Uram, miért nem vezet maga?"
Erre én: "Én nem tudom, merre kell mennünk."
"Én sem. Egy kaland lesz, uram."
Ez egy kaland. A Közel-Kelet egy nagy kaland az utóbbi években.
Ukrainian:
Відповіли: «Ви що, зараз надто гаряче.
Вони виходять пізніше. Вони розумні».
"Вони знають".
(Сміх)
Звичайно, через швидке зростання країни
не уникнути проблем зростання.
Наприклад, коли ви зустрічаєтесь з людьми
і думаєте, що вони добре знають місто,
але насправді це не так.
Мій індієць-таксист приїхав
за мною у готель W,
і я попросив його відвезти мене в Шератон,
і він відповів «Без проблем, сер».
Дві хвилини ми сиділи в машині мовчки.
Я запитав: «Щось не так?»
Він відповів: «Є одна проблема, сер».
(Сміх)
Я питаю, «Яка?»,
а він відповідає: «Де це?»
(Сміх)
Я йому кажу: «Ти ж водій, ти маєш знати».
А він відповідає «Ні, я сам тільки приїхав, сер».
Я питаю, «Ти тільки приїхав в W?»
«Ні, я тільки приїхав в Доху, сер».
(Сміх)
«Я їхав з аеропорту додому
і тільки отримав роботу.
І от я тепер я працюю».
(Сміх)
Він запропонував:
«А може ви сядете за кермо, сер?»
(Сміх)
«Так я не знаю куди їхати».
«Я теж не знаю.
Нас із вами чекають пригоди, сер».
(Сміх)
Останні кілька років
Близький Схід – суцільні пригоди.
Hindi:
उसने कहा, "नहीं, नहीं ,बहुत गर्मी है।
उसपर उन्होंने कहा " नही अच्छी है "|
"उन्हें मालूम है।"
(हँसी)
और निस्सन्देह, बहुत तेजी से विकास हो रहा है
कभी-कभी इनका बढ़ना दर्द देता हैं।
मालूम है, जैसे कभी-कभार
किसी से संयोगवश मिलते हो
जो आपके ख्याल से शहर से वाकिफ़ है
लेकिन ऐसा होता नहीं है।
मेरा भारतीय कैब ड्राइवर
डव्ल्यू आया
और मैंने उसे कहा की
शेरेटन चलो,
और उसने कहा, "नो, प्रॉब्लम, सर।"
और तब हम वहां दो मिनट तक खड़े रहे।
मैंने कहा, "क्या हुआ?"
वह बोला, "वन प्रॉब्लम, सर।"
(हंसी)
मैंने कहा, "क्या?"
वह,"ये किधर है?"
(हँसी)
मैं, "तुम ड्राइवर हो,
तुम्हें मालूम होना चाहिए।"
वह, "नहीं, मैं अभी आया हूँ, सर।"
मैं, "तुम अभी आये आये हो, डब्ल्यू पर?"
"नहीं, मैं अभी आया हूँ, दोहा, सर।"
(हंसी)
"मैं हवाईअड्डा से वापस घर जा रहा था,
मुझे जॉब मिल गई, अब काम कर रहा हूँ।"
(हंसी)
वह,"सर, क्यों नहीं आप गाड़ी चलाओ ?"
(हंसी)
"मुझे नहीं मालूम हम कहाँ जा रहे हैं।"
"मुझे भी नहीं।
यह एक साहसिक कारनामा होगा, सर।"
(हंसी)
साहसिक अनुभव। मध्य-पूर्व एशिया
एक साहसिक अनुभव रहा है, पिछले कुछ साल से
Indonesian:
Mereka berkata, "Tidak, tidak, cuacanya terlalu panas. Mereka akan keluar nanti. Mereka cerdas."
(Tertawa) "Mereka tahu."
Dan tentu saja, kota ini berkembang pesat, kadang menyakitkan.
Anda tahu, seperti ketika terkadang Anda menjumpai orang yang Anda pikir
mengenal kota ini dengan baik, namun tidak.
Pengemudi taksi saya yang berasal dari India muncul di W
dan saya memintanya membawa saya ke Sheraton,
dan dia berkata, "Tidak masalah, Pak."
Lalu kami duduk di sana selama 2 menit.
Saya berkata, "Ada apa?"
Katanya, "Ada satu masalah, Pak."
"Apa?" kata saya.
"Di mana tempatnya?" katanya.
(Tertawa)
Saya menjawab, "Anda kan sopirnya, seharusnya Anda tahu." Katanya, "Tidak, saya baru sampai."
"Anda baru sampai di W?" kata saya.
"Tidak, saya baru sampai di Doha, Pak."
Saya baru saja mendarat di bandara saat saya mendapat pekerjaan.
Dan saya langsung bekerja."
Katanya lagi, "Mengapa tidak Anda saja yang mengemudi, Pak?"
Kata saya "Saya tidak tahu ke mana jalannya."
"Saya juga tidak. Anda dapat berpetualang, Pak."
Betul-betul sebuah petualangan. Timur Tengah telah menjadi sebuah petualangan selama beberapa tahun terakhir.
Russian:
А в ответ услышал: «Да что вы,
сейчас очень жарко. Они попозже выйдут».
(Смех) «У них-то ума хватает.
Они понимают».
Но страна быстро растёт
и без болезней роста иногда не обойтись.
Например, вы сталкиваетесь с людьми и думаете,
что они хорошо знакомы с городом,
а на самом деле всё совсем не так.
Мой индиец-таксист приехал за мной в отель W,
и я попросил его отвезти меня в Шератон.
Он ответил: «Без проблем, сэр».
Пару минут мы молча сидели в машине.
Я спросил: «В чём дело?»
Он отвечает: «Есть одна проблема, сэр».
Я говорю: «В чём проблема?»
А он в ответ: «А где эта гостиница?»
(Смех)
Я ему говорю: «Ты же таксист, ты должен знать».
А он мне: «Так я только что приехал, сэр».
Я ему: «Ты только что приехал в W?»
«Нет, я только что приехал в Доху, сэр.
Я ехал домой из аэропорта
и мне предложили работу.
И вот теперь я работаю».
Он предложил:
«А может вы сядете за руль, сэр?»
Я ему в ответ:
«Так я же не знаю, куда ехать».
«Так и я не знаю.
Будет у нас с вами приключение, сэр».
Вот так приключение. Последние пару лет
Ближний Восток — это сплошное приключение.
French:
Ils ont dit, "Non, non, il fait trop chaud.
Ils sortent plus tard. Ils sont malins. »
(Rires) « Ils savent ».
Et bien sûr, Doha se développe si vite,
parfois avec une crise de croissance.
Vous savez, comme parfois vous rencontrez des gens
dont vous pensez
qu'ils connaissent bien la ville,
mais ils ne la connaissent pas si bien que ça.
Mon chauffeur de taxi indien s'est présenté au W,
et je lui ai demandé de m'emmener à l'hôtel Sheraton,
et il a dit: « Pas de problème, Monsieur. »
Et puis nous sommes restés là pendant deux minutes.
J'ai dit, « Quel est le problème? »
Il a dit, « Un problème, Monsieur. »
J'ai dit: « Quoi ? » Il a répondu, « Où est-ce ? »
(Rires)
Je lui dit, « Vous êtes le chauffeur, vous devriez savoir ».
Il répond, « Non, je viens d'arriver, Monsieur. »
Je dis, « Vous venez d'arriver au W ? »
"Non, je viens d'arriver à Doha, Monsieur.
J'étais en route depuis l'aéroport pour rentrer chez moi.
J'ai trouvé un emploi.
Je travaille déjà. »
Il a dit, « Monsieur, pourquoi ne pas conduire, vous ? »
J'ai dit, « Je ne sais pas où nous allons. »
"Moi non plus. Ce sera une aventure, Monsieur. »
C'est une aventure. Le Moyen-Orient a été
une aventure ces dernières années.
Portuguese:
Eles dizem, "Não, não, é muito quente. Eles só aparecem mais tarde. Eles são espertos."
(Risos) "Eles sabem."
E é claro que isto está crescendo muito rápido e as vezes gera até um certo sofrimento.
Você sabe, como nas vezes em que você encontra uma pessoa e pensa que ela
conhece bem a cidade, mas na verdade eles não a conhecem.
Quando o motorista indiano do meu táxi apareceu,
e eu pedi a ele para levar-me ao Sheraton,
ele disse: "Sem problemas, senhor."
E então nós ficamos parados no mesmo lugar, por dois minutos.
Eu disse: "Algo errado?" Ele disse: "Há um problema, senhor."
Eu disse: "O quê?" e ele segue: "Onde fica?"
(Risos)
Eu digo: "Você é o taxista, você deveria saber." Ele responde: "Eu acabei de me mudar para cá."
Eu digo: "Você acabou de chegar no país?" "Não, eu acabei de chegar em Doha, senhor.
Eu estava indo do aeroporto para casa. E encontrei um emprego.
E já estou trabalhando!"
Ele continua: "Senhor, por que você não dirige?"
eu respondo, "eu não sei para onde estamos indo."
"Nem eu sei. Isso será uma aventura, senhor."
Isso é uma aventura. O Oriente Médio tem sido uma aventura nos últimos anos.
Latvian:
Viņš atbild: „Nē, nē, ir par karsu. Viņi parādās vēlāk. Viņi ir gudri.”
(Smiekli) „Viņi zina.”
Viss virzās uz priekšu tik ātri, dažreiz cilvēki netiek tam visam līdzi.
Kā dažreiz saskrienoties ar cilvēkiem, kas, jūsuprāt,
pilsētu labi pazīst, taču īstenībā to nemaz tik labi nepazīst.
Mans indiešu taksists parādījās pie W,
un es paprasīju viņam mani aizvest uz Šeratonu,
un viņš teica: „Nekādu problēmu, kungs.”
Tad mēs tur sēdējām divas minūtes.
Es jautāju: „Kas noticis?” „Viena problēma, kungs.”
„Kas?” es vaicāju. „Kur tas ir?”, viņš jautā.
(Smiekli)
„Tu esi vadītājs, tev būtu jāzina”, es saku.
Viņš: „Nē, kungs, es tikko ierados.”
Es: „Tu tikko ieradies pie „W”?”
Viņš: „Nē, kungs, es tikko ierados Dohā.”
Es devos mājās no lidostas. Es dabūju darbu.
Es jau strādāju.”
Viņš: „Kungs, kāpēc gan lai jūs nebrauktu?”
Es: „Es nezinu, kurp mums jādodas.”
„Es arī nē. Tas būs kā būs piedzīvojums, kungs.”
Tas ir piedzīvojums. Dzīve Tuvajos Austrumos pēdējos gadus ir bijusi kā piedzīvojums.
iw:
אמרו לי, "לא, לא. עכשיו חם מדי.
הם יוצאים אחר כך. יש להם שכל."
[צחוק]
"הם יודעים מה טוב."
והמקום כמובן מתפתח מהר.
לפעמים יש כאבי גדילה.
למשל, כשאתה פוגש אנשים
שנדמה לך
שמכירים טוב את העיר,
אבל הם לא.
נהג המונית ההודי שלי
התייצב במלון ה"דבליו",
וביקשתי ממנו שייקח אותי ל"שרתון",
הוא אמר, "אין בעיות, אדוני."
ישבנו במונית במשך 2 דקות.
ושאלתי, "הכל בסדר?"
והוא אמר, "יש בעיה, אדוני."
שאלתי, "מה?"
והוא אומר לי, "איפה זה?"
[צחוק]
אני: "אתה הנהג. אתה אמור לדעת."
הוא אומר, "רק עכשיו הגעתי הנה, אדוני."
אני: "רק עכשיו הגעת ל'דבליו'?"
- "לא. רק עכשיו הגעתי לדוחה, אדוני.
הייתי בדרכי הביתה משדה התעופה
והציעו לי עבודה.
אני כבר עובד."
הוא אומר לי, "אדוני,
למה שלא תנהג אתה?"
אני: "אני לא יודע לאן לנסוע."
- "גם אני לא.
זאת תהיה הרפתקה, אדוני."
זאת באמת הרפתקה. המזרח התיכון
הוא הרפתקה כבר כמה שנים.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Μου απάντησαν, «Όχι, κάνει πολύ ζέστη,
θα έρθουν αργότερα. Είναι έξυπνοι».
«Αυτοί γνωρίζουν».
(Γέλια)
Και φυσικά, η πόλη αναπτύσσεται τόσο γρήγορα
που μερικές φορές αυτό έχει επώδυνες συνέπειες.
Ξέρετε, είναι μερικές φορές που
συναντάς ανθρώπους που πιστεύεις
ότι γνωρίζουν την πόλη πολύ καλά,
αλλά, τελικά αυτό δεν συμβαίνει.
ο Ινδός οδηγός του ταξί εμφανίζεται στο W.
και του ζητάω να με μεταφέρει στο Σέρατον,
και μου απαντάει,
«Κανένα πρόβλημα, κύριε».
Και περνάνε έτσι δύο λεπτά αναμονής.
Του λέω, «Τι συμβαίνει;»
Μου απαντάει, «Ένα πρόβλημα, κύριε».
(Γέλια)
Τον ρωτάω, «Τι;»
Μου απαντάει «Πού βρίσκεται;»
(Γέλια)
Του λέω, «Εσύ είσαι ο οδηγός
και οφείλεις να γνωρίζεις».
Μου απαντάει, «Όχι,
διότι μόλις έφτασα, κύριε».
Του λέω, «Μόλις έφτασες στο W;»
«Όχι, μόλις έφτασα στη Ντόχα, κύριε».
(Γέλια)
«Πήγαινα στο σπίτι μου από το αεροδρόμιο.
Βρήκα δουλειά Εργάζομαι ήδη».
(Γέλια)
Μετά μου λέει, «Κύριε, γιατί δεν οδηγείτε εσείς;»
(Γέλια)
Του απαντάω, «Δεν ξέρω πού πηγαίνουμε».
«Ούτε εγώ γνωρίζω, θα είναι
μια περιπετειώδης διαδρομή, κύριε».
(Γέλια)
Η Μέση Ανατολή είναι μία περιπέτεια
τα τελευταία χρόνια.
Vietnamese:
Họ nói "Không không, trời nóng quá. Một lúc nữa họ mới ra đường. Họ khôn lắm."
(Cười) "Họ biết đấy."
Và dĩ nhiên nó phát triển quá nhanh, đôi lúc có những nỗi đau cũng lớn dần lên.
Bạn biết đấy, đôi khi bạn gặp những người mà bạn cho rằng
biết thành phố rất rõ, nhưng thật ra họ chẳng biết gì.
Tài xế taxi Ấn Độ của tôi đến khách sạn W,
vàt tôi nhờ anh đưa mình đến Sheraton,
và anh ta nói "Không vấn đề gì."
Và rồi chúng tôi ngồi đó trong 2 phút.
Tôi hỏi "Có chuyện gì vậy?", anh ta trả lời "Có một vấn đề, thưa ông."
Tôi hỏi "Vấn đề gì?" và anh ta nói "Nó nằm ở đâu?"
(Cười)
Tôi nói "Anh là tài xế, anh phải biết chứ." Anh ta bảo rằng "Không, tôi mới tới."
"Anh vừa tới khách sạn W?"
"Không, tôi mới tới Doha, thưa ông.
Tôi đang trên đường về nhà từ sân bay. Tôi nhận được việc
và tôi bắt đầu làm ngay rồi."
Anh ta bảo "Thưa ông, sao ông không thử lái?"
Tôi nói "Tôi không biết chúng ta đang đi đâu".
"Tôi cũng không. Sẽ là một chuyến phiêu lưu đây."
Và quả thật như vậy. Trung Đông là vốn đúng là một chuyến phiêu lưu trong vài năm gần đây.
Spanish:
Me dicen: "No, no, hace demasiado calor.
Vienen más tarde. Son listos".
(Risas)
"Ellos sí que saben".
Y claro, todo crece tan rápido,
que en ocasiones hay problemas.
A veces te encuentras con gente
que crees que
conoce bien la ciudad,
pero no es así.
Un taxista indio me recogió
en la zona W
y le pedí que me llevara al Sheraton,
y me dijo:
"Sin problema, señor".
Nos quedamos parados allí
unos minutos.
Y dije: "¿Qué sucede?".
Él me dijo: "Hay un problema, señor".
Le dije: "¿Cuál?" Y él:
"¿Dónde está?".
(Risas)
Le digo: "Tú eres el conductor,
deberías saberlo".
Y él: "No, acabo de llegar, señor".
Le digo: "¿Acabas de llegar a la zona W?"
"No, acabo de llegar a Doha, señor".
Estaba de camino al aeropuerto
y conseguí trabajo.
Y ya estoy trabajando".
Y me dice:
"Señor, ¿por qué no conduce Ud.?".
Y le digo:
"No sé por dónde se va".
"Yo tampoco.
Será una aventura, señor".
Es una aventura. Oriente Medio ha sido
una aventura estos dos años.
Una locura con la Primavera Árabe
Portuguese:
Eles disseram: "Não. Está muito calor.
Eles saem mais tarde. São espertos."
(Risos)
"Eles sabem."
Claro, está a crescer tão rapidamente
que às vezes há dores de crescimento.
Tal como, às vezes, cruzamo-nos
com pessoas que pensamos
que conhecem bem a cidade
mas não a conhecem assim tão bem.
O meu motorista de táxi indiano
apareceu no Hotel W
e eu pedi-lhe para me levar ao Sheraton
e ele respondeu:
"Sem problemas, senhor".
Depois ficámos ali sentados
durante dois minutos.
Eu perguntei "O que se passa?"
E ele: "Um problema."
Eu perguntei: "O quê?"
Ele respondeu: "Onde é que fica?"
(Risos)
E eu: "O senhor é o motorista,
devia saber."
E ele: "Não, eu acabei de chegar, senhor."
E eu: "Acabou de chegar ao W?"
"Não, acabei de chegar a Doha, senhor.
"Ia a caminho do aeroporto
para casa. Arranjei um emprego.
"Já estou a trabalhar.
"Porque não conduz o senhor?"
E eu: "Não sei para onde estamos a ir."
"Nem eu. Vai ser uma aventura, senhor."
É uma aventura. O Médio Oriente
tem sido uma aventura nos últimos anos.
Portuguese:
Eles dizem, "Não, não, é muito quente. Eles só aparecem mais tarde. Eles são espertos."
(Risos) "Eles sabem."
E é claro que isto está crescendo muito rápido e as vezes gera até um certo sofrimento.
Você sabe, como nas vezes em que você encontra uma pessoa e pensa que ela
conhece bem a cidade, mas na verdade eles não a conhecem.
Quando o motorista indiano do meu táxi apareceu,
e eu pedi a ele para levar-me ao Sheraton,
ele disse: "Sem problemas, senhor."
E então nós ficamos parados no mesmo lugar, por dois minutos.
Eu disse: "Algo errado?" Ele disse: "Há um problema, senhor."
Eu disse: "O quê?" e ele segue: "Onde fica?"
(Risos)
Eu digo: "Você é o taxista, você deveria saber." Ele responde: "Eu acabei de me mudar para cá."
Eu digo: "Você acabou de chegar no país?" "Não, eu acabei de chegar em Doha, senhor.
Eu estava indo do aeroporto para casa. E encontrei um emprego.
E já estou trabalhando!"
Ele continua: "Senhor, por que você não dirige?"
eu respondo, "eu não sei para onde estamos indo."
"Nem eu sei. Isso será uma aventura, senhor."
Isso é uma aventura. O Oriente Médio tem sido uma aventura nos últimos anos.
Serbian:
Rekli su: "Ne, ne, previše je toplo.
Oni izlaze kasnije. Pametni su. "
(Smeh)
"Oni znaju."
I naravno razvija se tako brzo,
ponekad to prouzrokuje probleme.
Znate, kao kad ponekad naletite
na ljude za koje mislite
da poznaju grad dobro,
ali ustvari ga ne poznaju baš najbolje.
Moj taksista Indijac
pojavio se kod hotela "W",
i ja sam ga zamolio
da me odveze do Šeratona,
i on je rekao:
"Nema problema, gospodine."
I zatim smo tako dva minuta sedeli.
Pitao sam: "Šta nije u redu?"
Rekao je: "Jedan problem, gospodine."
Pitao sam: "Šta?"
Na šta će on: "Gde se to nalazi?"
(Smeh)
Kažem ja: "Vi ste vozač,
vi bi to trebalo da znate."
Na to će on: "Ne, upravo sam stigao,
gospodine."
Pitao sam: "Upravo ste stigli u W?"
"Ne, upravo sam stigao u Dohu, gospodine.
Bio sam na putu od aerodroma ka kući.
Dobio sam posao.
Već radim."
Pita me: "Gospodine, zašto Vi ne vozite?"
"Ne znam kuda idemo."
"Ni ja. Ovo će biti avantura, gospodine."
Ovo jeste jedna avantura.
Srednji istok zadnjih par godina
je prava avantura.
Czech:
Oni na to: "Ne, ne, je moc vedro. Oni vycházejí později. Jsou chytří."
(Smích) "Oni se vyznají."
A samozřejmě, rozrůstá se to tak rychle, že občas rostou i problémy.
To, jak například někdy natrefíte na lidi, o kterých si myslíte,
že znají město dobře, ale oni ho zase tak dobře neznají.
Můj indický taxikář se objevil u W
a já jsem mu řekl, aby mě vzal do Sheratonu
a on na to: "Žádný problém, pane."
A pak jsme tam seděli dvě minuty.
Zeptal jsem se: "Co nám brání? On na to: "Jeden problém, pane."
A já: "Jaký?" A on: "Kde to je?"
(Smích)
Já na to: "Vy jste řidič, vy byste to měl vědět." A on: "Ne, já jsem právě dorazil, pane."
A já: "Vy jste právě dorazil k W?" "Ne, právě jsem dorazil do Dauhá, pane.
Byl jsem na cestě domů z letiště. Dostal jsem práci.
Už pracuji."
A pokračuje: "Pane, co kdybyste řídil vy?"
Já na to: "Nevím, kudy se tam jede."
"Ani já ne. Bude to dobrodružství, pane."
Je to dobrodružství. Blízký východ je dobrodružstvím už pár let.
Thai:
พวกเขาก็ตอบว่า"ยัง ยัง อากาศยังร้อนอยู่มาก พวกเขาค่อยออกมาทีหลัง เค้าฉลาด"
"เค้ารู้ดี"
ก็แน่นอน มันเจริญเร็วมาก บางครั้งก็มีเรื่องเจ็บแสบ
ใช่มั้ยครับ เหมือนกับเวลาคุณไปเจอคนที่คุณคิดว่า
น่าจะรู้จักเมืองนี้ดี แต่เขาก็ไม่ได้รู้จักเมืองนี้อย่างดีจริง
คนขับแท็กซี่อินเดียที่ผมพบที่โรงแรม ดับเบิลยู
ผมขอให้พาผมไปโรงแรมเชอราตัน
เขาบอบว่า "ไม่มีปัญหาครับ"
แต่แล้วเราก็นั่งอยู่ตรงนั้นนาน 2 นาที
ผมเลยถามว่า "มีอะไรหรือ" เขาก็บอก "มีปัญหาหนึ่งครับ"
ผมก็ถาม "อะไรละ" เขาก็ตอบ "มันอยู่ตรงไหนละครับ"
(หัวเราะ)
ผมว่า "คุณเป็นคนขับ ก็ต้องรู้สิ" เขาว่า "ไม่ครับ ผมเพิ่งมาถึงครับ"
ผมถาม "คุณเพิ่งมาถึงดับเบิลยู หรือ" "เปล่าครับ ผมเพิ่งมาถึงโดฮาครับ"
"จากสนามบินผมกำลังจะกลับบ้าน แล้วผมก็ได้งานทำพอดี"
"แล้วผมก็กำลังทำงานอยู่นี่ละครับ"
เขาบอกว่า "คุณมาขับจะดีมั้ยครับ"
ผมบอก "ผมไม่รู้ว่าจะไปอย่างไร"
"ผมก็ไม่รู้เหมือนกัน ต้องผจญภัยกันหน่อยละครับ"
ผจญภัย ครับ สองสามปีมานี้ตะวันออกกลางเป็นการผจญภัย
Polish:
Odpowiadają ci: " Są sprytni.
Wychodzą później. Jest za gorąco."
"Wiedzą to." (Śmiech)
Miasto rozrasta się bardzo szybko,
co powoduje pewne problemy.
Podchodzisz do ludzi,
którzy w twoim przekonaniu
powinni znać miasto dobrze,
a tak nie jest.
Mój Hinduski taksówkarz podjechał pod hotel "W"
a ja poprosiłem by mnie zabrał do Sheratona.
"Nie ma problemu, proszę pana!"
I siedzieliśmy tak, w ciszy,
około dwóch minut.
Pytam: "Coś nie tak?"
Odpowiada: "Mały problem, proszę pana."
Ja na to: "Co takiego?"
A on: "Gdzie to jest?"
(Śmiech)
Mówię: "Jesteś taksówkarzem powinieneś wiedzieć!"
On na to: "Nie proszę pana, dopiero tu przyjechałem."
Pytam: "Właśnie przyjechałeś do W?"
"Nie, właśnie przyjechałem do Dohy!
Jechałem do mojego
nowego domu z lotniska
i dostałem od razu tę pracę.
Może pan poprowadzi?"
Ja na to: "Nie wiem gdzie jechać."
On: "Ja również. To będzie przygoda!"
To w istocie jest przygoda. Cały Bliski Wschód,
w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat jest jedną wielką przygodą.
English:
They said, "No, no, it's too hot.
They come out later. They're smart."
"They know."
(Laughter)
And of course, it's growing so fast,
sometimes there's growing pains.
You know, like sometimes
you run into people
that you think know the city well,
but they don't know it that well.
My Indian cab driver showed up at the W,
and I asked him to take me
to the Sheraton,
and he said, "No problem, sir."
And then we sat there for two minutes.
I said, "What's wrong?"
He said, "One problem, sir."
(Laughter)
I said, "What?" He goes, "Where is it?"
(Laughter)
I go, "You're the driver,
you should know."
He goes, "No, I just arrived, sir."
I go, "You just arrived at the W?"
"No, I just arrived in Doha, sir."
(Laughter)
"I was on my way home from the airport,
I got a job. I'm working already."
(Laughter)
He goes, "Sir, why don't you drive?"
(Laughter)
"I don't know where we're going."
"Neither do I. It will be
an adventure, sir."
(Laughter)
The Middle East has been
an adventure the past couple of years.
Bulgarian:
Отговориха ми: "Не, не, твърде горещо е. Те излизат по-късно. Те са умни."
(Смях) "Те знаят."
И разбира се, това се разраства толкова бързо, че понякога е трудно.
Като например - понякога се сблъсквате с хора, които смятате,
че познават града добре, но те не го познават толкова добре.
Шофьорът на таксито ми - индиец - се появява пред хотела
и аз го помолих да ме откара до хотел "Шератон,
и той каза: "Няма проблем, сър."
И след това си стояхме там две минути.
Казах: "Какво има?"
Той отвърна: "Един проблем, сър."
Казах: "Какъв?" Той: "Къде се намира този хотел?"
(Смях)
Аз му викам: "Ти си шофьорът, ти трябва да знаеш."
Той ми отговаря: "Не, аз току-що пристигнах, сър."
Аз: "Току-що си пристигнал пред хотела?"
"Не, току-що пристигнах в Доха, сър.
Бях на път за вкъщи от летището и получих тази работа.
Вече съм на работа."
И продължава: "Сър, защо вие не карате?"
Отговарям: "Аз не знам пътя."
"Нито пък аз. Ще бъде приключение, сър."
То си е приключение. Близкият изток си е приключение през последните няколко години.
Kurdish:
وتیان: نا، نەخێر، ئێستا زۆر گەرمە.
ئەوان لێزانن درەنگ دێنە دەرەوە.
خۆیان دەزانن.
(پێکەنین)
و بەدڵنیاییەوە، شارەکە بەخێرایی گەورە
دەبێت، و هەندێک جار دەبێتە هۆی کێشە.
بۆ نمو,نە، هەندێک جار دەچیت
بەرەو هەندێک خەڵک
وادەزانیت بە باشی شارەزای شارەکەن،
بەڵام بۆت دەردەکەوێت کە وانین.
شۆفێرە هندییەکەی ئۆتۆمبێلەکە
لە ئوتێلی W دەرکەوت،
پێم وت کە بمبات بۆ ئوتێلی شیراتۆن،
ئەویش وتی: کێشە نییە، گەورەم.
دواتر، بۆ ماوەی ٢ خولەک وەستاین.
وتم: کێشە چییە؟
وتی: یەک کێشە هەیە گەورەم.
(پێکەنین)
وتم: چییە؟ وتی؟ شوێنەکە لە کوێیە؟
(پێکەنین)
منیش وتم: تۆ شۆفێریت، دەبێت تۆ بیزانیت.
وتی: نا گەورەم، منیش ئێستا گەشتم.
وتم: ئێستا گەشتیتە ئوتێلی W؟
وتی: گەورەم، ئێستا گەشتمە دەوحە.
(پێکەنین)
دەمویست لە فرۆکەخانەکەوە
بڕۆمەوە ماڵەوە.
و کارێکم دەستکەوت، و وا کار دەکەم.
(پێکەنین)
ئنجا وتی: گەورەم، بۆچی تۆ لێناخوڕیت؟
(پێکەنین)
وتم: بەڵام نازانم چۆن بچین.
وتی: گەورەم منیش نازانم، بەڵام
دەبێت بە سەرکێشییەک.
(پێکەنین)
رۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست لەم چەند
ساڵەی دواییدا هەر سەرکێشی بووە.
Romanian:
Mi-au răspuns: „Nu, e prea cald.
Ies mai târziu. Sunt deștepți.”
(Râsete)
„Ei știu.”
(Aplauze)
Uneori temperatura crește
atât de repede că doare.
Dați de persoane despre care presupuneți
că știu bine orașul, dar nu-i chiar așa.
Șoferul de taxi indian
a apărut la hotelul W
și l-am rugat să mă ducă la Sheraton.
Mi-a spus: „Nicio problemă, domnule.”
Am stat vreo două minute.
L-am întrebat: „Ce nu-i în ordine?”
A spus: „Am o problemă, domnule.”
Eu: „Care?” Și el: „Pe unde este?”
(Râsete)
„Tu ești șoferul, tu ar trebui să știi.”
Iar el: „Nu, eu acum am sosit, domnule.”
Eu: „Acum ai sosit la W?”
„Nu, acum am sosit în Doha, domnule.
Eram pe drum spre casă
și la aeroport am găsit de lucru.
Lucrez deja.”
(Râsete)
Tot el: „Domnule,
de ce nu conduceți dvs.?”
(Râsete)
Și eu: „Nu știu pe unde s-o iau.”
„Nici eu. Va fi o adevărată aventură,
domnule.”
(Râsete)
E o aventură. Orientul Mijlociu
a fost o aventură în ultimii ani.
Korean:
그들은 저에게 이렇게 말했죠, "아 지금은 너무 더워요.
그들은 머리가 좋아서 나중에 나오죠"
(웃음) "그들은 알거든요."
물론, 빠른 성장의 이면에는
성장통이 있기 마련이죠.
가끔 길거리에서 사람들을 만나면,
그들이 도시에 대해 잘 알거라고
생각하지만, 그들도 잘 모르죠.
인도 택시 기사가 W호텔에서 제 앞에 나타났죠.
제가 쉐라톤 호텔로 가달라고 하자,
그는 알겠다고 대답을 했죠.
그리고 앉아서 2분동안 기다렸습니다.
제가 무엇이 문제냐고 묻자
그는 한가지 문제가 있다고 대답했습니다.
제가 그게 뭐냐고 묻자 그는
"거기가 어디죠?" 이렇게 대답했죠.
(웃음)
제가 "당신이 기산데 알아서 가야 되는거 아니에요?" 라고 묻자
그는, "아뇨 , 전 방금 도착했습니다" 라고 하더군요.
"W에 방금 도착했다고요?" 라고 제가 말했습니다.
"아뇨, 도하에 방금 도착했습니다.
저는 공항에서 집으로 가던 길에 취직이 된거죠.
벌써 일하게 된 겁니다."
그가 저에게 말했죠 "선생님이 운전하시겠어요?"
"저는 길을 모릅니다" 라고 대답했죠.
"저도 모르는데, 모험이 되겠군요."
모험이 맞습니다. 중동은 최근 몇년간 모험이었죠.
Chinese:
他們說：「不，不，天氣太熱了，
他們晚點才會出門。他們很聰明」
（笑聲）「他們知道。」
當然當一個城市發展得很快，
煩惱也隨之增長。
你知道，比如，有時候你遇見某些人，
這些人非常瞭解這個城市，
但他們事實上沒那麼瞭解。
我的印度計程車司機在 W 飯店
我要他帶我去喜來登，
他說：「沒問題，先生。」
然後我們在那裡坐了兩分鐘，
我說，「有什麼不對勁嗎？」
他說：「先生，有一個問題。」
我說：「什麼問題？」
他說：「喜來登在哪裡？」
（笑聲）
我說：「你是司機，你應該知道才對。」
他說：「不，先生，我才剛到這裡。」
我問：「你剛剛到達 W 飯店？」
「不，先生，我才剛到杜哈，
我在從機場回家的路上找到了工作，
就馬上開始上班了。」
他說：「先生，你為什麼不開車？」
我說：「我不知道我們要去哪裡？」
「我也不知道。先生，這將是一段冒險。」
這是一段冒險，過去幾年來，
中東地區一直都是一段冒險行程。
Persian:
گفتن " نه نه هوا خیلی گرمه. قطری ها بعدن بیرون میان. اونا زرنگن."
(خنده حضار) " اونا میدونن"
و البته دوحه داره خیلی بزرگتر می شه، که بعضی دردسرهاش هم داره بزرگتر می شه.
میدونید، مثل وقتی که به کسی بر می خوری که فکر می کنی خوب شهرو می شناسه،
اما می فهمی که خیلی هم خوب نمی شناسه.
راننده تاکسی هندی اومد هتل و
ازش خواستم من رو ببره به شریایتون.
گفت: حتما، آقا.
دو دقیقه همینطوری نشستیم.
گفتم: چی شده؟ گفت: یه مشکلی هست، آقا.
گفتم: چی؟ گفت: آدرسش کجاست؟
(خنده حضار)
می گم" تو راننده ای، باید بدونی". می گه" من همین الان اومدم اینجا، آقا".
می گم" همین الان اومدی این هتل؟!". می گه" نه، من همین الان رسیدم دوحه، آقا".
"داشتم از فرودگاه می رفتم خونه که این شغل رو بهم دادن".
"منم بلافاصله شروع کردم".
می گه " آقا، می خوای خودت برونی؟"
می گم "آخه من آدرس رو نمی دونم "
می گه " منم نمیدونم. تجربه هیجان انگیزی می شه، آقا"
واقعا تجربه هیجان انگیزیه. خاورمیانه طی دو سال اخیر خیلی پرمخاطره بوده.
German:
Sie sagten: „Nein, nein, es ist zu heiß.
Die gehen später raus. Die sind schlau.“
(Gelächter)
„Die wissen Bescheid.“
Natürlich wächst die Stadt schnell
und damit auch die Schwierigkeiten.
Manchmal triffst du zum Beispiel
Leute, von denen du denkst,
dass sie die Stadt gut kennen,
aber sie kennen sie nicht.
Mein indischer Taxifahrer
fuhr am Hotel W vor
und ich sagte ihm, dass er
mich zum Sheraton fahren solle
und er sagte: „Kein Problem.“
Dann saßen wir
zwei Minuten da.
Ich fragte: „Was ist los?“
Er sagte: „Es gibt ein Problem.“
Ich sagte: „Welches?“
Darauf er: „Wo ist es?“
(Gelächter)
Ich so: „Sie sind der Fahrer. Sie sollten das wissen.“
Darauf er: „Ich bin doch gerade erst angekommen.“
Und ich: „Gerade erst am Hotel W angekommen?“
„Nein, ich bin gerade erst in Doha angekommen.
Ich war unterwegs vom Flughafen
nach Hause. Da bekam ich einen Job.
Ich arbeite schon.“
Und er dann so: „Wollen Sie nicht fahren?“
Und ich: „Ich weiß nicht, wo es hingeht.“
„Ich auch nicht. Das wird ein Abenteuer.“
Es ist ein Abenteuer. Der Nahe Osten ist
seit den letzten paar Jahren ein Abenteuer.
Italian:
Mi hanno risposto, "No, no, fa troppo caldo. Escono più tardi. Sono furbi."
(Risate)
"Lo sanno bene."
E naturalmente sta crescendo talmente in fretta, che a volte si sentono i dolori della crescita.
Sapete, come quando, a volte, incontrate qualcuno che credete
conosca bene la città, ma non la conosce poi così bene.
Il mio tassista indiano è arrivato all'hotel W,
ma gli avevo chiesto di portarmi allo Sheraton,
e lui: "Nessun problema, signore."
E poi siamo rimasti fermi un paio di minuti.
Ho detto, "Cosa c'è che non va?" E lui, "C'è un problema, signore."
Allora ho detto "Quale?" E lui , "Dov'è?"
(Risate)
Io ho detto, "L'autista è lei, è lei che dovrebbe saperlo." E lui fa, "No, io sono appena arrivato, signore."
Io faccio, "Appena arrivato al W?" "No, appena arrivato a Doha, signore.
Stavo tornando a casa dall'aeroporto. Avevo trovato un lavoro.
Sto già lavorando."
Dice, "Signore, perché non guida lei?"
E io, "Non so dove stiamo andando!"
"Nemmeno io. Sarà un'avventura, signore."
Ѐ un'avventura. Il Medio Oriente è stato un'avventura negli ultimi due anni.
Chinese:
他们说“不，不，现在太热了，他们晚点出来，他们比较聪明”
（笑声）“他们知道这一点”
当然多哈发展如此迅速，有时也有成长的烦恼
你们知道，比如，你对这个城市很了解
但有时你会遇到一些对这个城市不是很了解的人
我的印度司机出现在W
我让他送我去希尔顿酒店
他说“没问题，先生”
然后我们就在原地呆了2分钟
我说“怎么不走？”他说“有个问题，先生”
我说“什么问题”。他说“那地方在哪？”
（笑声）
我继续说“你是司机，你应该知道”。他说“我不知道，我刚到不久，先生”
我说“你刚到W吗？”（他说）“不，我刚到多哈，先生。
我从机场回家的路上，得到了这份工作
我已经在工作了“
他说“先生，你干嘛不开车呢？”
我说“我不知道我们要去哪”
“我也不知道，这将是个探险之旅，先生”
这确实是场探险之旅。中东在过去数年一直在探险。
Turkish:
"Hayır, hayır, hava şu an çok sıcak. Onlar sonra ortaya çıkarlar. Onlar akıllılar." dediler
(Gülüş sesleri) "Onlar işlerini bilirler".
Ve elbette çok hızlı büyüyor, bazen büyüme sancıları oluyor.
Mesela bazen şehri iyi bildiğini düşündüğün insanlarla karşılaşırsın,
fakat onlar şehri o kadar da iyi bilmezler.
Hindistanlı taksi şöfürüm W'da (Otel adı) ortaya çıktı
ve ben ona beni Sheraton'a götürmesini söyledim,
"sorun değil efendim" dedi
ve sonra 2 dakika oturup bekledik.
"Yanlış olan nedir?" dedim. "Bir sorun var efendim" dedi.
"Nedir?" dedim. "Orası neresi?" dedi
(Gülüş sesleri)
"Sen şöförsün, sen bilmelisin" dedim. "Hayır efendim, ben yeni geldim" dedi.
"W'ya mı biraz önce geldin?" dedim. "Hayır, Doha'ya henüz geldim, efendim.
Havaalanından evime doğru gidiyordum. Yeni bir işim oldu.
Şimdiden çalışıyorum." dedi.
"Efendim, siz neden sürmüyorsunuz?" dedi
"Nereye gittiğimizi bilmiyorum" dedim.
"Ben de aynı şekilde efendim. Bir macera olacak bu yolculuk" dedi.
Bu bir macera. Orta Doğu geçtiğimiz birkaç yıldır bir macera oldu.
Japanese:
返事はこうでした
「今は暑すぎますね
彼らは頭がいいんです
もっと後で出てきますよ」 (笑)
ここの発展は著しいですが
それには問題もあります
例えば 現地をよく知る人に出会えたと思ったら
実は何も知らないんですよね
例えば 現地をよく知る人に出会えたと思ったら
実は何も知らないんですよね
ホテルに呼んだインド人のタクシー運転手に
私は「シェラトン」までと目的地を告げました
「問題ありません」と彼は答えたんですが
２、３分全く動かないんですよ
そこで「どうした？」と聞くと
「問題発生です」と彼は言います…
「シェラトンはどこですか？」
(笑)
「運転手だから知ってるはずだろ」と言うと
「いえ 私は着いたばかりなんです」とのこと
「このホテルにか？」と聞くと
「いえ ドーハに着いたばかりなんです
空港から出たところで仕事をもらって
始めたばかりです」 だそうですよ
挙げ句の果てに「お客様運転しますか？」ときたもんで
「私は道を知らない」と断ったんですが
「私もです 冒険になりますよ」
なんて言い出してしまいました
冒険と言えば 中東は
ここ数年 冒険を経験してきました
Croatian:
Rekli su mi: „Ne, ne, prevruće je.
Oni izlaze kasnije. Pametni su.“
(Smijeh) „Oni znaju."
I, naravno, sve toliko brzo raste
pa ponekad bude problema tijekom tog rasta.
Znate, ponekad naletite na ljude za koje mislite
da dobro poznaju grad,
ali ipak ga ne poznaju toliko dobro.
Pred hotelom W dočekao me taksist Indijac.
Zamolio sam ga da me odveze do Sheratona,
a on je rekao: „Nema problema, gospodine.“
I onda smo tako sjedili dvije minute u autu.
Pitao sam što se događa.
Rekao je: „Jedan problem, gospodine.“
Kažem: „Koji?“, a on će: „Gdje je to?“
(Smijeh)
Ja kažem: „Ti si vozač, ti bi trebao znati.“
A on će na to: „Ne, tek sam stigao, gospodine.“
Kažem: „Tek ste stigli pred hotel?“
„Ne, tek sam stigao u Dohu, gospodine.
Išao sam od zračne luke
prema stanu, dobio sam posao
i već radim.“
Nastavlja: „Gospodine, zašto ne biste vi vozili?“
A ja kažem: „Ne znam kamo idemo.“
„Ne znam ni ja. Bit će to pustolovina, gospodine.“
To je pustolovina. Bliski istok je prava pustolovina
posljednjih nekoliko godina.
Dutch:
Ze zeiden: "Nee, nee, het is te heet.
Zij komen later buiten. Ze zijn slim."
(Gelach) "Ze zijn op de hoogte."
Het groeit natuurlijk zo snel
dat er soms groeipijnen zijn.
Soms tref je mensen van wie je denkt
dat ze de stad goed kennen,
maar dat is niet zo.
Mijn Indiase taxichauffeur daagde op bij de W.
Ik vroeg hem om me naar het Sheraton te brengen.
Hij zei: "Geen probleem, mijnheer."
We zaten daar twee minuten lang.
Ik: "Wat is er aan de hand?"
Hij: "Eén probleem, mijnheer."
Ik: "Wat?"
Hij: "Waar is het?"
(Gelach)
Ik: "Jij bent de chauffeur, jij zou het moeten weten."
Hij: "Nee, mijnheer, ik kom pas aan."
Ik: "Je komt pas aan bij het W?"
"Nee, ik kom pas aan in Doha, mijnheer.
Ik was op weg naar huis vanuit de luchthaven.
Ik heb werk.
Ik werk al.
Mijnheer, waarom rijdt u niet?"
Ik: "Ik weet niet waarheen."
"Ik ook niet. Het wordt een avontuur, mijnheer."
Het Midden-Oosten is de jongste jaren een avontuur.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Η Μέση Ανατολή έχει εκτροχιαστεί με την
Αραβική Άνοιξη την επανάσταση και όλα αυτά.
Υπάρχουν Λιβανέζοι ανάμεσά μας απόψε;
Αν υπάρχει κάποιος ας χειροκροτήσει.
(Χειροκρότημα)
Ναι, υπάρχουν.
Πράγματι, η Μέση Ανατολή
βρίσκεται σε κατάσταση παράνοιας.
Ξέρετε, η Μέση Ανατολή παραλογίζεται
ενώ ο Λίβανος είναι
η πιο ειρηνική χώρα στην περιοχή.
(Γέλια) (Χειροκρότημα)
Ποιος θα το φαντάζονταν;
(Γέλια)
Είναι απίστευτο!
Όχι. Υπάρχουν σοβαρά θέματα στην περιοχή.
Μερικοί δεν θέλουν να μιλάνε γι' αυτά αλλά εγώ
είμαι απόψε εδώ για να αναφερθώ επ'αυτού.
Κυρίες και Κύριοι από τη Μέση Ανατολή,
να ένα σοβαρό θέμα.
Όταν συναντιόμαστε,
όταν χαιρετάμε ο ένας τον άλλον,
πόσα φιλιά θα ανταλλάξουμε;
(Γέλια)
Κάθε χώρα είναι διαφορετική και αυτό
δημιουργεί σύγχυση, έτσι δεν είναι;
Στον Λίβανο, ανταλλάσσουν τρία φιλιά.
Στην Αίγυπτο δύο.
Βρισκόμουν στον Λίβανο
και είχα συνηθίσει στα τρία φιλιά.
Πήγα στην Αίγυπτο
και συναντάω έναν Αιγύπτιο,
τον ασπάζομαι μία, δύο, πάω για το τρίτο φιλί
και αυτός κάνει πίσω, δεν του άρεσε.
(Γέλια)
Του λέω, «Μην ανησυχείς,
μόλις ήρθα από τον Λίβανο».
Latvian:
Tuvie Austrumi jūk prātā ar arābu pavasari,
revolūcijām un visu pārējo. Vai te šovakar ir kāds lībietis?
Kāds aplaudēs par lībiešiem? (Aplausi) Lībieši.
Jā, Tuvie Austrumi jūk prātā.
Jūs zināt, ka Tuvie Austrumi jūk prātā,
kad Lībija ir vismierīgākā vieta reģionā.
(Smiekli) (Aplausi)
Kas gan to būtu domājis. Jēziņ.
Nē. Reģionā ir nopietnas problēmas.
Daži cilvēki par tām nevēlās runāt. Es esmu te, lai par tām šovakar runātu.
Tuvo Austrumu dāmas un kungi,
ir nopietna problēma. Vienam otru satiekot,
kad mēs sveicināmies, cik bučas mēs dosim?
Katra valsts ir citādāka un tas ir mulsinoši, vai ne?
Lībijā tās ir trīs. Ēģiptē viņi dod divas.
Es biju Lībijā, tādēļ pieradu pie trim.
Es devos uz Ēģipti un sveicinājos ar vienu ēģiptiešu pusi.
Devu pirmo. otro buču, tad arī trešo. Viņš nebija īpašā sajūsmā.
(Smiekli)
Es viņam teicu: „Nē, nē, nē, es tikko biju Lībijā.”
Chinese:
中东因为阿拉伯之春运动，改革和所有这些事情
而变得疯狂。这里今晚有黎巴嫩人吗？
黎巴嫩人请鼓掌下。（鼓掌）。黎巴嫩人。
是的，中东正在变得疯狂。
你们知道中东正在变得疯狂。
而黎巴嫩是这个地区最安静的地方。
（笑声）（鼓掌）
谁曾想到过呢？哦，我的天啊。
不。这个地区有着很严重的问题。
一些人不愿意谈论这些。我今晚就要在这谈下他们。
中东的女士们先生们。
有一个很严肃的问题。当我们见面时，
当我们说你好时，我们要轻吻几下呢？
每个国家都不一样，这很困惑人，不是吗？
在黎巴嫩，他们亲3下。在埃及，他们亲2下。
我在黎巴嫩时，我习惯了亲3下。
当我去埃及后，我去和一个埃及人问好。
我去了，（亲了）一下，两下。当我要亲第三下时，他退回去了
（笑声）
我告诉他，我说”不好意思，我刚从黎巴嫩过来“
Chinese:
中東正為阿拉伯之春狂熱著，
為革命以及所有這一切狂熱著。
今晚在這兒有黎巴嫩人嗎？
黎巴嫩人請鼓掌（掌聲）黎巴嫩人。
是啊，中東正狂熱著。
你們知道，正當中東正狂熱著的時候，
黎巴嫩卻是這區域最和平的地方。
（笑聲）（掌聲）
誰會想到啊？哦天啊。
不，在這區域有嚴重的問題。
有些人不想談論這些；今晚在這兒，我就要談一談。
各位中東的先生女士們，
這區域有個嚴重的問題：當我們看到彼此時，
當我們說你好，我們要親幾次吻？
每個國家都不同，這很令人困惑，好嗎？
在黎巴嫩，他們親三次，
在埃及，他們親兩次，
我在黎巴嫩時已經習慣了親三次。
我跑去埃及，我對一個埃及人說哈囉，
我親了，一次，兩次，當我準備
親第三次時，他受夠了。
（笑聲）
我告訴他，我說：「不，不，不，我剛才在黎巴嫩。」
Polish:
Szaleństwa Arabskiej Wiosny,
rewolucji i wszystko inne.
Są tu jacyś Libańczycy? (Brawa)
Libańczycy.
Taak. Bliski Wschód szaleje.
To, że Bliski Wschód szaleje,
poznacie po tym, że Liban jest najspokojniejszym krajem regionu.
(Śmiech) (Brawa)
Kto by pomyślał?!
O mój Boże.
Mamy poważne problemy w tym regionie.
Niektórzy nie chcą o nich mówić.
Ja jestem tu właśnie po to.
Panie i panowie Bliskiego Wchodu,
oto poważny problem...
Ile razy powinniśmy się całować na przywitanie?
Każdy kraj jest inny w tym względzie.
To mylące, prawda?
W Libanie, całują się trzy razy.
W Egipcie dwa.
Będąc w Libanie
przyzwyczaiłem się do trzech.
Pojechałem do Egiptu, spotykam Egipcjanina...
Zaczynam całować raz, dwa, chce trzeci raz,
a on nie ma na to ochoty.
(Śmiech)
Mówię do niego: "Nie, nie!
Właśnie wróciłem z Libanu."
Indonesian:
Timur Tengah menjadi heboh karena kebangkitan dunia Arab,
revolusi, dan semua ini. Apakah ada orang Lebanon malam ini?
Orang Lebanon harap bertepuk tangan. (Tepuk tangan) Orang Lebanon.
Ya. Timur Tengah sudah jadi gila.
Anda tahu Timur Tengah jadi gila
ketika Lebanon adalah tempat paling damai di wilayah ini.
(Tertawa) (Tepuk tangan)
Siapa sangka? Astaga.
Ada masalah serius di wilayah ini.
Ada orang-orang yang tidak ingin membicarakannya. Saya ada di sini untuk membicarakannya.
Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu di Timur Tengah,
ini adalah masalah serius. Saat kita bertemu satu sama lain
saat kita menyapa, berapa banyak ciuman yang akan kita lakukan?
Setiap negara berbeda dan itu membingungkan, ya?
Di Lebanon, 3 ciuman, di Mesir, 2 ciuman.
Saya pernah tinggal di Lebanon, jadi saya terbiasa dengan tiga.
Saya pergi ke Mesir, saya ingin menyapa seorang pria Mesir,
satu, dua. Ketiga kalinya, dia tampak tidak mau.
(Tertawa)
Saya berkata, "Tidak, saya baru saja dari Lebanon."
Kurdish:
ئەم بەهاری عەرەبی و شۆڕشانە
هەمووی شێتانە بووە.
ئەمشەو خەڵکی لوبنانیمان
لەگەڵدایە؟ چەپڵە لێ بدەن.
(دەربڕینی دڵخۆشی)
لوبنانییەکان، بەڵێ.
رۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست بەرەو شێتی دەچێت.
دەزانن رۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست بەرەو شێتی دەچێت
لە کاتێکدا کە لوبنان
ئارامترین وڵاتی ناوچەکەیە.
(پێکەنین)
کێ ئەوەی بە خەیاڵدا دەهات؟
(پێکەنین)
ئای خوایە.
نەخێر، کێشەی گرنگتر هەیە لەم هەرێمەدا.
هەندێک خەڵک نایانەوێت باسیان بکەن.
ئەمشەو من باسیان دەکەم.
خانمان و پیاوانی رۆژهەڵاتی
ناوەڕاست، ئەمەش کێشەیەکی گرنگ.
کە یەکتری دەبینین،
کە سڵاو دەکەین لە یەکتر،
دەبێت چەند ماچ بکەین؟
(پێکەنین)
هەر وڵاتێک جیاوازە لەوی تر و
سەرت لێ دەشێوێنێت، باشە؟
لە لوبنان، سیان دەکەن.
لە میسر، دووان دەکەن.
ماوەیەک لە لوبنان بووم،
ئیتر بە سیان راهاتم.
لە میسر بووم، سڵاوم لە
هاوڕێیەکی میسریم کرد،
یەک، دوو، دەمویست سیان بکەم...
ئەو پێی خۆش نەبوو.
(پێکەنین)
پێم وت، نەخێر، بە هەڵە
تێمەگە، لە لوبنانەوە هاتووم.
iw:
המזרח התיכון משתגע
עם האביב הערבי
והמהפכות והכל.
יש כאן לבנונים הערב?
אם יש לבנונים, תמחאו כפיים.
[מחיאות כפיים]
כן. המזרח התיכון משתגע.
אתם יודעים מתי
המזרח התיכון משתגע
כשלבנון היא המקום
הכי רגוע באזור.
[צחוק]
[מחיאות כפיים]
מי תיאר לעצמו?
בחיי.
אבל יש נושאים רציניים באזור.
יש אנשים שלא רוצים לדבר עליהם.
אבל הערב באתי לדבר עליהם.
גבירותי ורבותי, אנשי המזרח התיכון,
הרי לכם נושא רציני.
כשאנו רואים זה את זה,
כשאנו אומרים שלום,
כמה פעמים חובה להתנשק?
זה שונה בכל ארץ
וזה מבלבל, נכון?
בלבנון מתנשקים 3 פעמים,
במצרים, פעמיים.
הייתי בלבנון
והתרגלתי לשלוש פעמים.
הלכתי למצרים, רציתי להגיד שלום
למצרי אחד,
נישקתי פעם, פעמיים, רציתי עוד פעם.
הוא לא התחבר לזה.
[צחוק]
אמרתי לו, "לא, לא, לא.
הייתי עכשיו בלבנון."
Hungarian:
A Közel-Kelet megbolondult az arab tavasztól,
a forradalomtól és hasonlóktól. Vannak itt libanoniak ma este?
Minden libanoni tapsol? (Taps) Libanoniak.
Hát igen. A Közel-Kelet megbolondult.
Tudni lehet, hogy a Közel-Kelet megtébolyodott,
amikor Libanon a régió legbékésebb területe.
(Nevetés) (Taps)
Ki gondolta volna? Oh, Istenem!
Nem. Komoly gondok vannak a régióban.
Néhányan nem akarnak róluk beszélni. Én azért vagyok itt ma este, hogy beszéljek róluk.
Hölgyeim és Uraim a Közel-Keletről,
komoly ügyről van szó. Amikor találkozunk,
amikor üdvözöljük egymást, hány csókot fogunk adni?
Minden ország különbözik, és ez zavaró, igaz?
Libanonban hármat adnak. Egyiptomban kettőt.
Libanonban voltam, hozzászoktam a háromhoz.
Elmentem Egyiptomba, és odamentem, hogy köszönjek egy egyiptomi férfinak.
És kezdtem, egy, kettő. Majd próbálkoztam a harmadikkal. Nem volt vevő rá.
(Nevetés)
Mondtam neki: "Nem, nem, nem, csupán Libanonban voltam."
Serbian:
Srednji istok postaje sve luđi
sa Arapskim prolećem
i revolucijom i sa svim ostalim.
Da li ima Libanaca ovde večeras?
Neki Libanci po aplauzu?
(Aplauz) Libanci.
Da. Srednji istok postaje sve luđi.
Znate da Srednji istok postaje sve luđi
kad je Liban najmirnije mesto u regionu.
(Smeh) (Aplauz)
Ko bi to pomislio? O, moj bože.
Ne. Postoje ozbiljni problemi u regiji.
Neki ne žele da pričaju
o tim problemima.
Ja sam ovde večeras da pričam o njima.
Dame i gospodo Srednjeg istoka,
evo ga jedan ozbiljan problem.
Kad se sretnemo,
kad se pozdravljamo,
koliko poljubaca razmenjujemo?
Svaka država je drugačija
i ovo je prilično zbunjujuće, u redu?
U Libanu razmenjuju tri.
U Egiptu, dva.
Bio sam u Libanu i navikao se na tri.
Otišao sam u Egipat.
Otišao sam da pozdravim jednog Egipćanina,
krenuo sam, jedan, dva.
Hteo sam i treći. Nije baš bio za to.
(Smeh)
Rekao sam mu: "Ne, ne, ne,
upravo sam bio u Libanu."
Turkish:
Orta Doğu, Arap baharı ve devrimlerle
ve yapılan herşeyle çılgın bir hale geliyor. Bu gece Lübnanlı var mı aramızda?
Lübnanlılar alkışlar mı? (Alkışlar) Lüblanlılar.
Evet. Orta Doğu çılgın hale geliyor.
Lübnan bölgenin en barış dolu yeri olduğu zaman
Orta Doğu'nun çıldırdığını anlayabilirsiniz.
(Gülüş sesleri) (Alkış)
Kim düşünürdü ki?Aman tanrım.
Hayır. Bölgede ciddi meseleler var.
Bazı kişiler onlar hakkında konuşmak istemiyor. Ben bu gece onlar hakkında konuşmak için buradayım.
Orta Doğu'nun bayları ve bayanları,
işte çok ciddi bir konu. Birbirimizi gördüğümüz zaman,
merhaba dediğimiz zaman, kaç defa öpüşürüz?
Her ülke farklı ve çok karmaşık, değil mi?
Lübnanda 3 kez öperler. Mısırda 2 kez.
Ben Lübnandaydım ve 3 kez öpmeye alıştım.
Mısır'a gittim. Mısırlı bir adama merhaba dedim.
Bir öptüm, iki öptüm, üçüncüye gittim. O, üçüncüde yoktu.
(Gülüşler)
Ona anlattım, "hayır, hayır, hayır, ben daha yeni Lübnan daydım" dedim.
Spanish:
la revolución y todo eso.
¿Hay algún libanés esta noche?
Si hay algún libanés que aplauda.
(Aplausos) ¿Algún libanés?
Sí. Oriente Medio
se está volviendo loco.
Saben que Oriente Medio
se está volviendo loco
cuando el Líbano es el lugar
más pacífico de la región.
(Risas)
(Aplausos)
¿Quién lo habría imaginado?
Dios mío...
Hay graves problemas en la región.
Algunos no quiere hablar de ello.
Yo estoy aquí para hablar
sobre ello esta noche.
Damas y caballeros de Oriente Medio,
este es el problema.
Cuando nos vemos,
cuando nos saludamos
¿cuántos besos tenemos que dar?
En cada país es diferente
y es confuso.
En el Líbano se dan tres.
En Egipto se dan dos.
Cuando estaba en el Líbano
me acostumbré a dar tres.
Fui a Egipto.
Fui a saludar a un hombre egipcio,
di uno, dos e iba a dar tres,
pero él no estaba por la labor.
(Risas)
Le dije:
"No, no, acabo de estar en el Líbano".
Bulgarian:
Близкият изток полудя с Арабската пролет
и революцията, и всичко това. Има ли ливанци тук тази вечер?
Ако има ливанци да ръкопляскат? (Аплодисменти) Ливанци.
Да. Близкият изток полудя.
Знаете, че Близкият изток е полудял,
когато Ливан е най-спокойното място в региона.
(Смях) (Аплодисменти)
Кой би помислил? О Боже мой.
Не. В региона има сериозни проблеми.
Някои хора не искат да говорят за тях. Аз съм тук, за да говоря за тях тази вечер.
Дами и господа от Близкия изток,
ето един сериозен въпрос. Когато се видим,
когато си казваме "Здравей", колко целувки трябва да си разменим?
Във всяка страна е различна и е объркващо, нали?
В Ливан си разменят три. В Египет - две.
Бях в Ливан и свикнах с три.
Отидох в Египет. Отидох да поздравя един египтянин
и почвам - една, две. Продължавам за три. Той не беше навит.
(Смях)
Казах му, казах, "Не, не, не, аз тъкмо бях в Ливан."
Persian:
خاورمیانه داره طغیان می کنه با این انقلاب عربی.
هیچ لبنانی امشب اینجا هست؟
لبنانی ها دست بزنن؟ (تشویق حضار)
آره خاور میانه داره طغیان می کنه.
اینو وقتی می شه فهمید که
لبنان آرومترین کشور منطقه شده.
(خنده حضار) (تشویق حضار)
کی فکرشو می کرد؟ خدای من!
حالا مشکلات جدی در منطقه هست.
بعضیا نمی خوان در موردش صحبت کنن. من امشب اینجام که در موردشون صحبت کنم.
خانم ها و آقایان خاور میانه،
مشکل جدی منطقه اینه که وقتی ما هم دیگه رو میبینیم،
وقتی سلام میگیم، چند بار باید روبوسی کنیم؟
هر کشوری یه رسمی داره. واقعا گیج کننده ست. درسته؟
تو لبنان، سه بار روبوسی می کنن. تو مصر، دو بار.
لبنان که بودم، به سه بارش عادت کردم .
رفتم مصر، خواستم سلام بدم به یه مصری،
بوس اول، بوس دوم، داشتم سومی رو می رفتم که راه نداد.
(خنده حضار)
گفتم " ببین، من تازه لبنان بودم"
Thai:
ตะวันออกกลางไม่มั่นคงจากเหตุการณ์อาหรับสปริง (Arab Spring)
การปฏิวัติ เรื่องพวกนั้น มีคนเลบานอนอยู่ที่นี่มั้ยครับ
คนเลบานอนปรบมือหน่อยครับ (ปรบมือ)
ครับ ตะวันออกกลางไม่มั่นคง
คุณคงทราบ ตะวันออกกลางกำลังจะแตกออกเป็นเสี่ยงๆ
ขณะที่เลบานอนสงบสันติที่สุดในภูมิภาคนี้
(หัวเราะ) (ตบมือ)
ใครจะไปคิดละครับ ให้ตายสิ
ไม่ใช่ครับ เรามีปัญหาใหญ่ที่นี่ครับ
คนบางคนไม่อยากพูดถึงมัน แต่คืนนี้ ผมมาที่นี่เพื่อพูดถึงมันครับ
สุภาพบุรุษและสุภาพสตรีแห่งตะวันออกกลาง
นี่คือปัญหาสำคัญ เวลาที่เราพบกัน
เวลาเราทักทายกัน เราจะจูบกันกี่ครั้งครับ
แต่ละประเทศทำไม่เหมือนกัน มันสับสน ใช่มั้ยครับ
ในเลบานอน ทำสามครั้ง ในอียิปต์ สองครั้ง
เมื่อผมอยู่เลบานอน ก็เลยชินกับ สามครั้ง
เมื่อผมไปอียิปต์ ผมไปทักทายหนุ่มอียิปต์คนนี้
ผมทำหนึ่ง สอง แล้วก็สาม เขาไม่ชอบครับ
(หัวเราะ)
ผมเลยบอกเขาไปว่า "ไม่ใช่ๆ ผมเคยไปอยู่ที่เลบานอนมา"
Korean:
중동은 지금 혼돈 속에 있습니다. 아랍의 봄,
그리고 다른 혁명들 떄문이죠.
이 자리에 레바논 분들 계십니까?
레바논 분들 박수 좀 부탁 드립니다.
(박수) 레바논 사람들이군요.
네. 중동은 지금 미쳐가고 있습니다.
여러분들도 중동이 미쳐간다는 것을 아실겁니다.
레바논이 그 지역에서 제일 안전한 곳이라는
사실이 그걸 증명해주죠.
(웃음) (박수)
누가 상상이나 했겠습니까? 세상에.
지금 심각한 일들이 벌어지고 있습니다.
어떤 사람들은 그런 얘기를 하길 꺼려하지만,
저는 얘기를 하겠습니다.
중동의 신사 숙녀 여러분,
이것은 심각한 문제입니다.
우리가 서로를 만나게 되면,
서로에게 인사할 때, 키스를 몇 번이나 하죠?
나라마다 차이가 있고, 이것은 헷갈릴 수도 있습니다.
레바논에서는 세번하고, 이집트에선 두번하죠.
제가 레바논에 있을 때, 저는
세번하는 것에 익숙해졌습니다.
제가 이집트를 방문했을 때, 어떤
이집트 청년에게 인사를 하러갔죠.
제가 두번하고 세번째를 시도했죠.
그는 별로 좋아하는 눈치가 아니였습니다.
(웃음)
"아, 아닙니다. 저는 지금 레바논에서
오는 길이거든요" 라고 제가 말했죠.
Italian:
Il Medio Oriente sta impazzendo per via della Primavera Araba,
la rivoluzione e tutto quanto. C'è qualche libanese qui stasera?
Qualche libanese da applaudire? (Applausi) Libanese.
Sì. Il Medio Oriente sta impazzendo.
Vi accorgete che il Medio Oriente sta impazzendo
quando il Libano è la zona più pacifica della regione.
(Risate)
(Applausi)
Chi lo avrebbe mai detto? Oh mamma.
No. Ci sono problemi seri nella regione.
Alcune persone non ne vogliono parlare. Io sono qui per farlo stasera.
Signore e signori mediorientali,
questo è un problema serio. Quando ci incontriamo,
quando ci salutiamo, quanti baci ci dobbiamo dare?
In ogni Paese è diverso e si crea confusione, okay?
Nel Libano, sono tre. In Egitto, due.
Ero in Libano, e mi sono abituato a tre.
Poi andai in Egitto. Stavo salutando un tipo egiziano,
e feci uno, due. Stavo per fare tre. Lui non ci stette.
(Risate)
Gli dissi, "No, no, no, sono appena stato in Libano."
Portuguese:
O Oriente Médio está enlouquecendo com a Primavera Árabe
e revoluções e protestos e tudo aquilo. Tem algum libanês aqui esta noite?
Algum libanês por aplausos? (Aplausos) Libanês.
É. O Oriente médio está ficando louco.
Você sabe que o Oriente Médio está enlouquecendo
quando o Libano é o local mais pacífico da região.
(Risos)(Aplausos)
Quem pensaria? Ohh meu Deus.
Não. Existem questões sérias nessa região.
Algumas pessoas não querem falar a respeito dessas questões. Eu estou aqui para falar sobre isso esta noite.
Senhoras e senhores do Oriente Médio,
levanto aqui uma grande questão. Quando nos encontramos,
quando dizemos oi, quantos beijos devemos dar?
Isso é diferente em cada país, e é confuso, está bem?
No Líbano, eles dão três beijos. No Egito, apenas dois.
Eu estava no Libano, então me acostumei com três.
Eu fui para o Egito. E quando eu fui dizer oi à um egipcio,
lançei, um, dois. E fui para o terceiro. Ele não entrou na minha.
(Risos)
Eu falei para ele, eu disse: "Não, não, não, eu estive no Libano."
Russian:
Сумасшествие Арабской весны,
революция и всё такое.
В зале сегодня есть ливанцы?
Ливанцы, аплодируйте!
(Аплодисменты) О, вот ливанцы.
Ближний Восток сошёл с ума.
Верный признак того, что
Ближний Восток сошёл с ума,
это когда Ливан оказывается
самым спокойным местом в регионе.
(Смех) (Аплодисменты)
Кто бы мог подумать? Боже ж ты мой!
Нет. В этом регионе
есть серьёзные проблемы.
Некоторые не хотят о них говорить, но я
как раз специально для этого сюда и приехал.
Дамы и господа ближневосточных стран,
у меня к вам серьёзный вопрос.
Когда мы встречаемся,
когда здороваемся,
сколько раз нам нужно поцеловаться?
В каждой стране свои обычаи и всё
очень запутано, вам не кажется?
В Ливане целуются трижды.
В Египте только два раза.
Пока я был в Ливане,
я успел привыкнуть к трём поцелуям.
Поехал в Египет и хотел
поздороваться с одним египтянином.
Раз поцеловался, два,
потянулся за третьим, а он ни в какую.
(Смех)
Я ему говорю: «Так я же
вот только что из Ливана».
English:
It is going crazy with the Arab Spring
and revolution and all this.
Are there any Lebanese
here tonight, by applause?
(Cheering)
Lebanese, yeah.
The Middle East is going crazy.
You know the Middle East is going crazy
when Lebanon is the most peaceful
place in the region.
(Laughter) (Applause)
Who would have thought?
(Laughter)
Oh my gosh.
No, there's serious issues in the region.
Some people don't want to talk about them.
I'm here to talk about them tonight.
Ladies and gentlemen of the Middle East,
here's a serious issue.
When we see each other, when we say hello,
how many kisses are we going to do?
(Laughter)
Every country is different
and it's confusing, okay?
In Lebanon, they do three.
In Egypt, they do two.
I was in Lebanon, I got used to three.
I went to Egypt. I went to say hello
to this one Egyptian guy,
I went, one, two. I went for three --
He wasn't into it.
(Laughter)
I told him, I said, "No, no,
I was just in Lebanon."
Portuguese:
O Médio Oriente tem enlouquecido
com a Primavera Árabe e revoluções.
Há aqui algum libanês, esta noite?
Identifiquem-se com aplausos.
(Aplausos) Libaneses!
O Médio Oriente está a enlouquecer.
Sabem que o Médio Oriente
está a enlouquecer
enquanto o Líbano é o lugar
mais pacífico da região.
(Risos) (Aplausos)
Quem é que teria adivinhado?
Não. Há problemas sérios na região.
Algumas pessoas não querem falar deles.
Eu estou aqui esta noite para o fazer.
Senhoras e senhores do Médio Oriente,
este é um assunto sério.
Quando nos encontramos,
quantos beijos é que vamos dar?
Cada país é diferente e torna-se confuse.
No Líbano, dão três. No Egipto, dão dois.
Estive no Líbano, habituei-me aos três.
Fui ao Egipto. Fui dizer olá a um egípcio
e dei um, dois.
Fui para dar o terceiro.
Ele não gostou lá muito.
(Risos)
Eu disse-lhe: "Não, não.
É que eu estive no Líbano."
E ele: "Quero lá saber onde é que esteve.
Fique onde está, se faz favor.
Romanian:
Orientul Mijlociu o ia razna
cu Primăvara Arabă,
și revoluția, și toate cele.
Sunt libanezi aici?
Putem aplauda libanezii?
(Aplauze)
Da. Orientul Mijlociu o ia razna.
Se știe că Orientul Mijlociu o ia razna
când Libanul devine
cel mai pașnic loc din zonă.
(Râsete) (Aplauze)
Cine ar fi crezut?
Oh, vai!
Nu. Există probleme serioase în zonă.
Unii nu vor să vorbească despre ele.
Sunt aici acum ca să vorbim despre ele.
Doamnelor și domnilor
din Orientul Mijlociu,
iată o problemă serioasă: când ne salutăm,
când spunem „bună”, de câte ori ne pupăm?
(Râsete)
Fiecare țară e diferită
și se creează confuzii.
În Liban, se dau trei. În Egipt, două.
Am fost în Liban, m-am obișnuit cu trei.
Am mers în Egipt.
Am vrut să salut un egiptean.
Am făcut una, două.
Voiam să merg și pe a treia.
N-a fost de acord.
(Râsete)
I-am spus: „Nu, nu,
doar că am fost în Liban.”
El: „Nu-mi pasă unde ai fost.
Te rog, stai pe loc. Stai pe loc.”
Vietnamese:
Trung Đông đang nhộn nhạo với mùa xuân Ả rập
các cuộc cách mạng và đủ thứ nữa. Ở đây có ai đến từ Libăng không?
Nếu là người Libăng xin hãy vỗ tay (Vỗ tay)
Vâng. Trung Đông đang phát điên.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết là
đến Libăng còn trở thành nơi êm dịu nhất trong khu vực được.
(Cười) (Vỗ tay)
Ai có thể ngờ? Ôi trời ơi.
Không. Có những vấn đề nghiêm trọng trong khu vực này
mà một số người không muốn nhắc đến. Nhưng tôi sẽ làm điều đó tại đây trong tối nay
Thưa quý ông quý bà của Trung Đông,
đây là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng. Khi ta thấy nhau
chúng ta chào nhau, ta sẽ hôn nhau bao nhiêu cái?
Mỗi nước mỗi khác và điều đó thật loạn đúng không?
Ở Libăng , người ta trao 3 cái. Ở Ai Cập là hai.
Tôi đã ở Libăng, tôi quen hôn 3 cái.
Khi tôi đến Ai Cập và chào cái anh chàng Ai Cập này
Tôi hôn một, hai. Ba cái. Anh ta không thích cho lắm.
(Cười)
Tôi bèn bảo rằng "Không không, Tôi vừa từ Libăng tới"
Arabic:
الشرق الأوسط أصابه الجنون مع الربيع العربي
والثورة وكل ذلك . هل هناك لبنانيون هنا الليلة ؟
أي لبنانيون ؟ بالتصفيق ؟
نعم . الشرق الأوسط يصاب بالجنون .
تعلمون متى تصاب المنطقة بالجنون
عندما ترون أن لبنان هي أأمن دولة في المنطقة .
(ضحك) ( تصفيق)
من كان يتخيل هذا ؟ ياإلهى
لا, هناك مشاكل حقيقة في المنطقة .
بعض الناس لا يريدون الحديث عنها . أنا هنا لأتحدث عنها الليلة .
سيداتي سادتي من الشرق الأوسط .
هاكم مشكلة حقيقية . عندما نرى بعضنا,
عندما نقول مرحبا, كم مرة سوف نقبّل ؟
كل دولة مختلفة وهذا مربك , حسنا ؟
في لبنان , 3 قبلات . في مصر , اثنان.
كنت في لبنان , وتعودت على ثلاث.
ذهبت إلى مصر , أردت أن ارحب برجل مصري ,
قبلته واحدة , اثنان . حاولت أن اقبله الثالثة , لم يتقبلها .
(ضحك)
قلت له : لا ,لا ,لا أنا كنت في لبنان.
Japanese:
アラブの春に始まり革命が相次ぎました
レバノン出身の方はいるでしょうか？
レバノンの方は
拍手してもらえますか？ (拍手)
そう 中東は暴走していますよ
ここら辺でレバノンが最も安全だなんて
中東は完全に狂ってしまっていますよ
(笑) (拍手)
こんなこと誰も思っても見なかったでしょ？
やれやれですよ
さて 中東には深刻な問題があります
話したがらない人もいるでしょうが
私はその話をしに来ました
中東の皆さん その問題ですが
中東では人と会ったときの挨拶で
頬へのキスは何回するのが
一体正解なんでしょうか？
国毎に違ってややこしいですよね？
レバノンでは３回ですが
エジプトは２回ですよね
レバノンにいた私は３回に慣れていたときに
エジプトに行くことがあり
現地の男性に挨拶をしたんです
私はつい１、２、３とキスしましたが
彼は２回しかしませんでした
(笑)
「ごめんなさい 私はレバノンにいたので」
French:
Le Moyen-Orient devient fou
avec le printemps arabe
et ses révolutions etc. Y a-t-il des libanais ici ce soir ?
Vous êtes libanais ? Applaudissez !
(Applaudissements) Libanais.
Oui. Le Moyen-Orient devient fou.
Vous savez que le Moyen-Orient devient fou
quand le Liban est l'endroit
le plus paisible dans la région.
(Rires) (Applaudissements)
Qui l'aurait cru ? Oh mon Dieu.
Non. Il y a des problèmes graves dans la région.
Certaines personnes ne veulent pas en parler.
Je suis ici pour en parler ce soir.
Mesdames et Messieurs du Moyen-Orient,
voici un problème grave. Quand on se voit,
quand nous disons Bonjour,
combien de bises allons-nous faire ?
Chaque pays est différent et
c'est source de confusion, vous voyez ?
Au Liban, ils en font trois. En Egypte, ils en font deux.
J'étais au Liban, je me suis habitué à trois.
Je suis allé en Égypte. Je suis allé dire
Bonjour à cet Egyptien,
Je suis allé, un, deux. J'étais parti pour trois. Lui n'était pas partant.
(Rires)
Je lui ai dit, j'ai dit: « Non, non, non, je viens juste du Liban. »
Czech:
Blízký východ je poblázněný Arabským jarem
a revolucí a tím vším. Jsou tu nějací Libanonci dnes večer?
Nějací Libanonci podle potlesku? (Potlesk) Libanonci.
Jo. Blízký východ se zbláznil.
Víte, že Blízký východ se zbláznil,
když Libanon je nejklidnějším místem v regionu.
(Smích) (Potlesk)
Koho by to napadlo? Proboha.
Ne. Jsou tu vážné problémy v regionu.
Někteří lidé o nich nechtějí mluvit. Já tu jsem, abych tu o nich dnes večer hovořil.
Dámy a pánové z Blízkého východu,
tady je závažná otázka. Když potkáme jeden druhého,
když se zdravíme, kolikrát se políbíme?
V každé zemi je to jinak a je to matoucí, že?
V Libanonu to dělají třikrát. V Egyptě dvakrát.
Byl jsem v Libanonu, zvykl jsem si na tři.
Jel jsem do Egypta. Šel jsem pozdravit jednoho egyptského chlapíka,
udělal jsem jedna, dva. Chtěl jsem třetí. On ne.
(Smích)
Řekl jsem mu, řekl jsem: "Ne, ne, ne, prostě jsem byl v Libanonu."
Portuguese:
O Oriente Médio está enlouquecendo com a Primavera Árabe
e revoluções e protestos e tudo aquilo. Tem algum libanês aqui esta noite?
Algum libanês por aplausos? (Aplausos) Libanês.
É. O Oriente médio está ficando louco.
Você sabe que o Oriente Médio está enlouquecendo
quando o Libano é o local mais pacífico da região.
(Risos)(Aplausos)
Quem pensaria? Ohh meu Deus.
Não. Existem questões sérias nessa região.
Algumas pessoas não querem falar a respeito dessas questões. Eu estou aqui para falar sobre isso esta noite.
Senhoras e senhores do Oriente Médio,
levanto aqui uma grande questão. Quando nos encontramos,
quando dizemos oi, quantos beijos devemos dar?
Isso é diferente em cada país, e é confuso, está bem?
No Líbano, eles dão três beijos. No Egito, apenas dois.
Eu estava no Libano, então me acostumei com três.
Eu fui para o Egito. E quando eu fui dizer oi à um egipcio,
lançei, um, dois. E fui para o terceiro. Ele não entrou na minha.
(Risos)
Eu falei para ele, eu disse: "Não, não, não, eu estive no Libano."
Hindi:
मध्य-पूर्व उथल-पुथल से भरा रहा
अरब स्प्रिंग और क्रान्ति के बीच।
क्या आज यहाँ लेबनीज़ उपस्थित है,
सराहना द्वारा?
[उत्साह]
लेबनीज़, याह।
मध्य-पूर्व बौरा गए हैं।
आपको पता है की मध्य-पूर्व बौरा गए है
जब लेबनान
एक शांतिप्रिय क्षेत्र बन जाये
(हंसी) (तालियाँ)
किसने सोचा था?
(हंसी)
ओह माय गॉश।
नहीं, एक गंभीर समस्या है यहाँ।
कुछ लोग इस पर चर्चा नहीं करना चाहते है।
मैं, आज अपनी बात यहाँ रखने आया हूँ।
मध्य-पूर्व एशिया वासी,
यह एक गंभीर मसला है।
जब हम मिलते है, हैलो कहते है,
हमें कितनी बार किश करनी होगी?
(हंसी)
हर देश भिन्न है,
यह भ्रम पैदा करता है, सही?
लेबनान में तीन की जाती है।
इजीप्ट में, दो।
मैं लेबनान में था, तीन की आदत हो गयी।
मैं इजीप्ट पहुंचा, मैं हैलो करने
एक इजीप्सिअन के पास आया,
मैं, एक, दो, फिर तीसरे के लिए गया --
वह इच्छुक न था।
(हंसी)
मैंने कहा, "नहीं,नहीं,
मैं लेबनान था।"
Ukrainian:
Вони сходять з розуму після
цієї Арабської весни.
В залі сьогодні багато лівійців?
Лівійці, оплески!
(Оплески)
Ось і лівійці!
Близький Схід сходить з розуму.
Ви знаєте, що Близький Схід
зійшов з розуму,
якщо Ліван виявляється найспокійнішим
місцем у регіоні.
(Сміх) (Оплески)
Хто б міг подумати?
(Сміх)
Боже мій.
Ні, насправді існує багато проблем у регіоні.
Деякі люди не хочуть про них говорити.
Я сьогодні прийшов, щоб говорити про них.
Леді та джентльмени з Близького Сходу,
ось одне серйозне питання.
Коли ми зустрічаємось і вітаємось,
скільки раз потрібно поцілуватись?
(Сміх)
В кожній країні свої звичаї, чи не так?
В Лівані цілуються тричі.
В Єгипті цілуються двічі.
Я був в Лівані і звик до трьох.
Я поїхав в Єгипет
і хотів привітатись з єгиптянином.
Один раз поцілувались, два, третій -
а він не захотів.
(Сміх)
Я сказав йому «Ні, ні, я тільки прибув з Лівану».
Croatian:
Bliski istok je poludio s arapskim proljećem,
revolucijama i svim tim stvarima.
Ima li večeras ovdje Libanonaca?
Bi li Libanonci zapljeskali? (Pljesak) Libanonci.
Da, Bliski istok je poludio.
Znate da je Bliski istok poludio
kad je Libanon najmirnije mjesto u regiji.
(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
Tko bi se tome nadao?
Ali u regiji ima ozbiljnih problema.
Neki ljudi ne žele razgovarati o njima.
Ja sam večeras ovdje kako bih govorio o njima.
Dame i gospodo Bliskog istoka,
evo ozbiljnog problema: kad se vidimo
i pozdravimo, koliko ćemo si poljubaca dati?
U svakoj je zemlji drugačije i to zbunjuje, OK?
U Libanonu su tri. U Egiptu dva.
Bio sam u Libanonu i navikao sam na tri.
Otišao sam u Egipat i krenuo
pozdraviti jednog Egipćanina.
Jedan, dva, krenem na treći. On baš i nije bio za to.
(Smijeh)
Kažem mu: „Ne, ne, ne,
nedavno sam bio u Libanonu.“
Dutch:
Het wordt gek van de Arabische Lente
en de revolutie en zo.
Zijn hier vanavond Libanezen?
Libanezen, een applaus?
(Applaus) Libanezen.
Ja. Het Midden-Oosten wordt gek.
Je weet dat het Midden-Oosten gek wordt
als Libanon de vredigste plek in de regio is.
(Gelach) (Applaus)
Wie had dat gedacht?
Lieve hemel.
Nee. Er zijn ernstige problemen in de regio.
Sommigen willen er niet over praten.
Ik ga er vanavond over praten.
Dames en heren van het Midden-Oosten,
ziehier een ernstig probleem.
Als we elkaar zien,
als we hallo zeggen,
hoeveel kussen moeten we dan geven?
Elk land is anders
en het is verwarrend, niet?
In Libanon zijn het er drie.
In Egypte twee.
Ik was in Libanon.
Ik was aan 3 gewend.
Ik ging naar Egypte.
Ik wilde een Egyptische kerel begroeten.
Ik ging van 1, 2, 3.
Hij dacht er anders over.
(Gelach)
Ik zei: "Nee, nee, ik kom net uit Libanon."
German:
Der Nahe Osten flippt total aus
mit dem Arabischen Frühling,
der Revolution und alle dem.
Sind heute Abend Libanesen hier?
Libanesen, klatscht mal.
(Applaus) Libanesen.
Ja. Der Nahe Osten flippt total aus.
Der Nahe Osten flippt total aus
und der Libanon ist das
friedvollste Land in der Region.
(Schallendes Gelächter)
(Applaus)
Wer hätte das gedacht? Oh, mein Gott.
Nein. Es gibt ernsthafte
Probleme in der Region.
Einige Leute wollen nicht darüber reden.
Ich bin hier, um heute Abend darüber zu reden.
Meine Damen und Herren des Nahen Ostens,
hier ein ernsthaftes Problem.
Wenn wir uns treffen,
wenn wir uns begrüßen,
wie viele Küsse geben wir uns?
In jedem Land ist es anders,
und das ist verwirrend. O. k.?
Im Libanon sind es drei.
In Ägypten sind es zwei.
Ich war im Libanon und
hatte mich an drei gewöhnt.
Ich kam nach Ägypten. Ich
begrüßte diesen einen Ägypter:
Eins, zwei. Ich wollte zum dritten
ansetzen, aber das kam nicht so gut an.
(Schallendes Gelächter)
Ich sagte zu ihm: „Nein, nein,
ich war gerade erst im Libanon.“
Bulgarian:
Той ми вика, "Не ми пука, къде си бил. Просто стой, където си, моля. Просто остани, където си."
Отидох в Саудитска Арабия. В Саудитска Арабия, хората си разменят една, две,
и после остават на едната страна - три, четири, пет, шест,
седем, осем, девет, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Смях)
Следващия път, когато някого от Саудитска Арабия, погледнете отблизо. Те просто са малко наклонени на една страна.
"Абдул, добре ли си?"
"Да, казвах "Здравей" половин час.
Ще се оправя."
Катарците, вие, хора, си допирате носовете.
Защо е това? Твърде уморени ли сте да се завъртите насам натам?
"Миличка, толкова е горещо. Просто ела тук за една секунда. Кажи "Здравей".
Здравейте, миличък. Просто не се движи. Просто стой така, моля.
Имам нужда да си почина."
Всяка страна..., иранците понякога си разменяме две целувки, понякога - три.
Един мой приятел ми обясни, че преди революцията от '79 година,
са се разменяли по две целувки. След революцията - три.
Така, че при иранците, можеш да кажеш на чия страна е този човек,
въз основа на броя на целувките, които ти дават.
Persian:
گفت "مهم نیست کجا بودی. الان همونجا که هستی باش. جلوتر نیا"
رفتم عربستان. اونجا اینطوریه که میرن طرف اول، بعد طرف دوم و
همونجا میمونن واسه بوس سوم چهارم پنجم ششم
هفتم هشتم نهم ده یازده دوازده سیزده چهارده پونزده شونزده هفده هجده.
(خنده حضار)
دفعه بعد که یه عربستانی می بینید، توجه کنید. یه کم سرشون کجه.
"عبدل خوبی؟" " آره یه نیم ساعتی داشتم سلام می دادم"
"الان خوب می شم".
شما قطریا، دماغ به دماغ سلام میدین.
چرا؟ خسته میشین سرتون رو بچرخونین؟
"حبیبی، هوا خیلی گرمه. یه لحظه بیا اینجا سلام بده"
"سلام حبیبی. تکون نخور. همونجا بمون"
"من باید استراحت کنم"
ما ایرانیها گاهی دو بار، گاهی سه بار روبوسی می کنیم.
یه دوستی به من میگفت،
قبل از انقلاب ۱۹۷۹، دوبار بود. بعد از انقلاب شد سه بار.
پس میشه حدس زد یه ایرانی طرف کیه،
رو حساب تعداد بوس هایی که موقع سلام دادن می ده.
Croatian:
A on će: „Nije me briga gdje si bio. Samo ostani
tu gdje jesi, molim te. Ostani tu gdje jesi.“
Bio sam i u Saudijskoj Arabiji. Ondje idu jedan, dva,
onda ostanu na istoj strani – tri, četiri, pet, šest,
sedam, osam, devet, deset,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Smijeh)
Sljedeći put kad vidite Saudijca, dobro pogledajte.
Glava im je malo nagnuta u stranu.
,,Abdul, jesi li dobro?“
„Ma jesam, pozdravljao sam se pola sata.
Bit ću dobro.“
Katarci, vi radite ono s nosovima.
Zašto? Jeste li preumorni da biste išli
s jedne strane na drugu?
„Habibi, tako je vruće. Dođi
na sekundu da se pozdravimo.“
,,Zdravo, Habibi. Nemoj se micati. Tu budi, molim te.
Moram se odmoriti.“
Svaka zemlja – Iranci, mi
ponekad imamo dva, ponekad tri.
Prijatelj mi je objasnio da su
prije revolucije 1979. godine
bila dva. Nakon revolucije tri.
Kod Iranaca, dakle, možete znati
na čijoj je netko strani
prema broju poljubaca koje vam daje.
Turkish:
"Nerde olduğun beni ilgilendirmiyor. Sadece nerdeysen orda kal lütfen. Nerdeysen orda kal." dedi.
Suudi Arabistan'a gittim. Suudi Arabistanda, bir, iki,
ve sonra aynı tarafta dururlar --üç, dört, beş, altı,
yedi, sekiz, dokuz, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Gülüşler)
Bir dahaki sefere bir Sudi gördüğünüzde yakından bakın. Onlar az bişey eğik dururlar.
"Abdul, iyi misin?" "Evet, yarım saattir merhaba diyordum.
İyileşeceğim."
Katarlılar, Sizler burun buruna yaparsınız.
Nedendir bu? Sağa sola öpüşmek için çok mu yorgunsunuz?
"Habibi, hava çok sıcak. Sadece bir saniye gel. Merhaba de.
Merhaba Habibi. Hareket etme. Şuraya otur lütfen.
dinlenmeye ihtiyacım var."
Her ülke -- İranlılar, biz bazen 2, bazen 3 kere öperiz.
Bir arkadaşım bana açıkladı, 79 devriminden önce
2 kere öpülüyordu. Devrimden sonra 3 oldu.
Yani İranlı biriyleyken sizi kaç kez öptüğüne bakarak
kimin tarafında olduğunu anlayabilirsiniz.
Thai:
เขาว่า "ผมไม่สนว่าคุณเคยอยู่ที่ไหน ขอให้อยู่ตรงที่ๆคุณอยู่ขณะนี้เถอะครับ แค่อยู่ในที่คุณอยู่ตอนนี้ก็พอ"
เมื่อผมไปซาอุดิอาระเบีย ที่นั่นพวกเขาทำ หนึ่ง สองครั้ง
แล้วก็จะเอียงอยู่ข้างนั้น แล้วทำต่อ สาม สี่ ห้า หก
เจ็ด แปด เก้า 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(หัวเราะ)
คราวหน้าเวลาเจอคนซาอุ ตั้งใจดูนะครับ พวกเขาจะเอียงหน่อยๆ
"อับดุล เป็นอะไรไปหรือเปล่า" "อ๋อ ผมทักทายคุณไปครึ่งชั่วโมงแล้วนะ
"ผมไม่เป็นไรครับ"
คนกาตาร์ พวกคุณทำแบบจมูกถึงกัน
ทำไมนะหรือ คุณเหนื่อยหน่ายเกินที่จะทำจนจบกระบวนการ
"ฮาบิบิ ร้อนจังเลย มานี่แป็บเถอะ ทักทายกันหน่อย"
สวัสดี ฮาบีบี อย่าเข้ามานะ อยู่ตรงนั้นแหละ
ผมอยากจะพักเหนื่อยซักหน่อย
แต่ละประเทศ คนอิหร่าน บางครั้งก็ สอง บางครั้งก็ สาม
เพื่อนผมอธิบายว่า ก่อนการปฏิวัติปี 79
เคยเป็นสองครั้ง หลังปฏิวัติเป็นสาม
ดังนั้นกับคนอิหร่าน ก็จะบอกได้เลยว่าใครอยู่ฝ่ายไหน
ดูจากว่าพวกเขาจูบเรากี่ครั้ง
German:
Darauf er: „Es ist mir egal, wo du warst.
Du bleibst, wo du bist. Bleib, wo du bist.“
Dann ging ich nach Saudi-Arabien.
Dort geben sie dir erst einen, zwei
und dann bleiben sie auf
einer Seite – drei, vier, fünf, sechs,
sieben, acht, neun, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Gelächter)
Wenn ihr das nächste Mal einen Saudi seht, schaut
genauer hin. Sein Kopf ist ein bisschen geneigt.
„Abdul, geht’s dir gut?“„Ja, ich habe nur gerade
jemanden eine halbe Stunde lang begrüßt.
Mir geht’s gut.“
Ihr hier in Katar begrüßt euch mit der Nase.
Warum? Seid ihr zu müde,
um bis zur Wange zu gelangen?
„Habibi, es ist so heiß. Komm nur für
einen Moment her. Begrüß‘ mich, Habibi.
Hallo, Habibi. Beweg dich nicht.
Bleib‘ einfach nur stehen.
Ich muss mich ausruhen.“
Jedes Land… Im Iran sind es
manchmal zwei und manchmal drei.
Einer meiner Freunde erklärte
es mir: vor der 79er-Revolution
waren es zwei, nach
der Revolution drei.
Bei den Iranern weiß man also,
auf wessen Seite sie sind,
abhängig davon, wie viele
Küsse sie dir geben.
Portuguese:
"Deixe-se estar onde está."
Fui à Arábia Saudita.
Na Arábia Saudita, eles dão um, dois,
e depois ficam no mesmo lado
— três, quatro, cinco, seis,
sete, oito, nove, dez, onze, doze, treze,
catorze, quinze, dezasseis,
dezassete, dezoito.
(Risos)
Da próxima vez que virem um saudita,
olhem com atenção.
Eles andam um bocadinho inclinados.
- Abdul, estás bem?
- Sim, estive a dizer olá durante meia hora.
Vou ficar bem.
Catarenses,
vocês cumprimentam-se com o nariz.
Porquê? Estão demasiado cansados
para percorrer a cara toda?
"Habibi, está tanto calor. Vem cá
só por um segundo dizer olá.
"Olá, Habib. Não te mexas.
Deixa-te estar aí, por favor.
"Preciso de descansar."
Nós, os iranianos, às vezes
damos dois, outras vezes damos três.
Um amigo meu explicou-me que,
antes da revolução de 79, davam-se dois.
Depois da revolução, três.
Com os iranianos, ficam a saber
de que lado é que a pessoa está
Korean:
그가 대답했죠. "당신이 어디서 왔든 상관하지 않습니다.
그냥 그쪽에서 더 이상 다가오지 말아주세요."
제가 사우디아라비아를 갔을 때의 일입니다.
사우디아라비아에서는 한번, 두번,
그리고 그들은 한쪽에서 계속하죠
-- 세번, 네번, 다섯번, 여섯번,
일곱번, 여덟번, 아홉번,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
(웃음)
다음에 사우디인을 만나시면, 유심히 지켜보세요,
그들의 고개는 조금 꺽여있을 겁니다.
"압둘, 괜찮아요?" "네, 그냥 30분간 인사하느라 이런거에요.
곧 괜찮아질 겁니다."
카타르인들, 여러분은 코를 맞대죠.
왜 그러는겁니까? 반대쪽으로 완전히
가기엔 너무 힘이 드는겁니까?
"하비비, 너무 더워요. 이쪽으로
잠시 와서 인사좀 해요.
안녕 하비비. 움직이지 마세요 제발.
좀 쉬고 싶어요."
모든 국가 - 우리 이란인들은 두번 혹은 세번 하죠.
제 친구가 설명하기를, 79 혁명전에는
두번이었죠. 혁명후에는 세번이고요.
이란인들을 만날 때 그들의 정치 성향은
키스를 몇 번 하느냐에 따라 알 수 있죠.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Μου απαντάει, «Δεν με νοιάζει πού ήσουν.
Μείνε εκεί που στέκεσαι, σε παρακαλώ».
(Γέλια) (Χειροκρότημα)
Πήγα στη Σαουδική Αραβία.
Εκεί δίνουν ένα, δύο,
και μετά στο ίδιο μάγουλο συνεχίζουν:
τρία, τέσσερα, πέντε,
έξι, επτά, οκτώ, εννιά,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 --
(Γέλια)
Την επόμενη φορά που θα συναντήσετε
κάποιον από τη Σαουδική Αραβία, προσέξτε τον καλά.
Συνήθως γέρνουν προς το ένα πλευρό.
(Γέλια)
«Αμπντούλ, είσαι καλά;»
«Ναι, απλά χαιρετούσα κόσμο
για μισή ώρα. Θα συνέλθω».
(Γέλια)
Εσείς οι ντόπιοι,
χαιρετιόσαστε με τις μύτες σας.
Γιατί; Είστε τόσο κουρασμένοι που βαριέστε
να πάτε από το ένα μάγουλο στο άλλο;
(Γέλια)
«Χαμπίμπι, κάνει τόση ζέστη.
Έλα εδώ λιγάκι. Πες ένα γεια.
Γεια σου Χαμπίμπι. Απλά μείνε ακίνητος.
Μείνει εκεί που είσαι σε παρακαλώ.
Χρειάζομαι ξεκούραση».
(Γέλια)
Σε κάθε χώρα διαφορετικά - εμείς οι Ιρανοί
άλλοτε δίνουμε δύο και άλλοτε τρία φιλιά.
Ένας φίλος μού έδωσε μία εξήγηση,
ότι πριν την επανάσταση του '79 ήταν δύο.
(Γέλια)
Μετά την επανάσταση τα φιλιά γίνανε τρία.
Οπότε με τους Ιρανούς, μπορείς να καταλάβεις
σε ποια πλευρά ανήκει κάποιος
English:
He goes, "I don't care where you were.
You just stay where you are, please."
(Laughter) (Applause)
I went to Saudi Arabia.
In Saudi Arabia, they go one, two,
and then they stay on the same side:
three, four, five, six,
seven, eight, nine,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 --
(Laughter)
Next time you see a Saudi, look closely.
They're just a little bit tilted.
(Laughter)
"Abdul, are you okay?"
"I was saying hello
for half an hour. I'll be all right."
(Laughter)
Qataris, you guys do the nose to nose.
Why is that? Are you too tired
to go all the way around?
(Laughter)
"Habibi, it's so hot. Just come here
for a second. Say hello.
Hello, Habibi. Just don't move.
Just stay there, please.
I need to rest."
(Laughter)
Iranians, sometimes we do two,
sometimes we do three.
A friend of mine explained to me,
before the '79 revolution, it was two.
(Laughter)
After the revolution, three.
So with Iranians, you can tell
whose side the person is on
Arabic:
قال : لا يهمني أين كنت, ابق في مكانك لو سمحت , ابق في مكانك فقط .
ذهبت إلى السعودية , في السعودية يقبلون مرة و مرتين ,
و بعدها يبقون على جهة واحدة , لثلاث و أربع و خمس و ست ,
سبعة , ثمانية, تسعة , 10 , 11, 12, 13 , 14, 15, 16 , 17 , 18
(ضحك)
المرة المقبلة عندما ترون سعوديا , انظروا عن قرب , ستجدونه مائلا قليلا.
"عبدالله , هل أنت على ما يرام ؟ " نعم , لقد ألقيت التحية لمدة نصف ساعة.
سأكون على ما يرام.
القطريين , أنتم تفعلون الأنف للأنف.
لماذا ؟ هل هو متعب لكي تذهبوا للجهة الأخرى ؟
حبيبي , الجو حار جدا . تعال إلى هنا للحظة . قل مرحبا.
مرحبا حبيبي , لا تتحرك . فقط ابقى هنا لو سمحت .
أحتاج إلى الراحة
كل دولة - الإيرانيين , بعض الأحيان يفعلونها مرتين , و أحيانا يفعلونها ثلاث مرات .
أحد الأصدقاء شرحها لي , قبل ثورة سنة 79
كانت اثنتان قبل الثورة و ثلاث بعدها .
لذا مع الإيرانيين , تستطيع أن تعرف لأي جهة ينحاز ذلك الشخص
على أساس عدد القبلات التي يقبلك إياها.
Chinese:
他说”我不介意你从哪过来。你就用你们的习惯好了。就用你们的习惯“
我去了沙特阿拉伯。在沙特阿拉伯，他们亲1下，2下。
然后他们在同一边---3，4，5，6
7，8，9，10，11，12，13，14，15，16，17，18
（笑声）
下次你看到沙特人，近点看。他们只是有一点倾斜。
”阿卜杜勒，你还好吗？“ ”额，我只是半小时一直在问好“
”我会好的“
卡塔尔人，你们用鼻子和鼻子来问好
为什么呢？你们是太累了而不愿两边动吗？
"Habibi,这里太热了,过来下，（和你）问好。
Habibi，Habibi，别动。请就保持这样的姿势。
我需要休息“
每个国家----伊朗人，有时候亲2下，有时候3下
我的一个朋友这么像我解释，在79改革前，
是2下。在改革后，变成了3下
所以对于伊朗人，你可以更具他们的轻吻次数
辨别他们是支持哪一方的。
Russian:
А он мне: «А меня не волнует, где ты был.
Стой там, где стоишь, пожалуйста. Не двигайся».
Потом я поехал в Саудовскую Аравию.
Там они целуются раз, два,
а потом продолжают на той же стороне — три, четыре,
пять, шесть, семь, восемь, девять,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18.
(Смех)
В следующий раз увидите саудовца, присмотритесь.
У них голова слегка набекрень.
«Абдул, у тебя всё хорошо?»
«Да, замечательно. Здоровались тут полчаса.
Всё будет хорошо».
Катарцы вообще нос к носу здороваются.
В чём тут дело? Вам что, слишком тяжело
головой туда-сюда вертеть?
«Хабиби, дорогой, очень жарко что-то.
Подойди на секундочку, поздороваемся.
Привет, дорогой. Главное не двигайся.
Стой на месте, пожалуйста.
Мне отдохнуть надо».
В любой стране... Вот иранцы, например.
Мы иногда целуемся дважды, а иногда трижды.
Мне друг объяснил, что до революции 1979 года,
целовались два раза.
А после революции перешли на три.
Так что с иранцами вы всегда
точно знаете, на чьей стороне человек,
исходя из количества
приветственных поцелуев.
Portuguese:
ele responde: "Não me importa onde você esteve. Esteja onde você estiver, apenas fique onde você está."
Eu fui para a Arábia Saudita. Na Arabia Saudita, eles vão um, dois,
e aí ele permanecem no mesmo lado -- três, quatro, cinco, seis,
sete, oito, nove, 10,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Risos)
Na próxima vez que você encontrar um árabe, olhe atentantemente pra ele. Eles se apresentam um pouco inclinados.
"Abdul, você está bem?" "Sim, eu passei meia hora dizendo oi
eu vou ficar bem."
Catarianos, vocês fazem o negócio nariz com nariz.
Por que isso? Vocês estão cansados para fazer o repertório todo?
"Habibi, está muito quente. Venha até aqui por um segundo. Diga olá.
Olá Habibi. Não se mova. Apenas fique onde está.
Eu preciso descansar."
Cada país -- iranianos, as vezes dão dois, outras vezes três.
Um amigo me explicou, que antes da revolução de 79,
eram dois beijos. Após a revolução, três.
Assim, com os iranianos, você consegue dizer de qual lado estão
baseando-se no número de beijos que eles te dão.
Romanian:
(Râsete)
Am mers în Arabia Saudită.
Acolo, ei se pupă: una, două,
iar apoi, pe aceeași parte
– trei, patru, cinci, șase,
șapte, opt, nouă,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Râsete)
Când mai vedeți un saudit,
priviți-l cu atenție.
Sunt puțin înclinați.
(Râsete)
„Abdul, ești bine?”
„Da, am dat bună ziua jumătate de oră.
Îmi revin eu.”
(Râsete)
Voi, cei din Quatar, faceți nas-la-nas.
De ce oare? Sunteți prea obosiți
să mergeți pe flancuri?
(Râsete)
„Habibi, e atât de cald.
Vino pentru o secundă! Să ne dăm binețe.
Bună, Habibi. Nu mișca.
Stai locului, te rog!
Am nevoie de odihnă.”
(Râsete)
Fiecare țară – iranienii,
ne pupăm de două sau de trei ori.
Un prieten mi-a explicat
că înainte de revoluția din '79 erau două,
(Râsete)
după revoluție, trei.
La iranieni, se poate spune
de ce partea a baricadei stau
pe baza numărului de pupici primiți.
Latvian:
Viņš: „Man vienalga, kur tu biji. Lūdzu, paliec, kur esi. Vienkārši paliec, kur esi.”
Es devos uz Saudu Arābiju. Saudu Arābijā, viņi dara šādi, viens, divi
un tad viņi paliek tajā pašā pusē — trīs, četri, pieci, seši,
septiņi, astoņi, deviņi, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Smiekli)
Nākamreiz, kad ieraugiet saudu arābieti, vērīgi ieskatāties. Viņi ir nedaudz šķībi.
„Abdul, viss kārtībā?” „Jā, es tikko pusstundu sveicinājos.
Būs jau labi.”
Katarieši, jūs atspiežat degunu pret degunu.
Kādēļ tā? Vai esat pārāk piekusuši, lai padarītu līdz galam?
„Habibi, ir baigi karsts. Panāc uz mirkli. Sasveicinies ar mani.
Sveiks, Habibi. Nekusties. Lūdzu, paliec kur esi.
Man jāatvelk elpa.”
Katrā valstī, irāņi, mēs dažreiz dodam divas, dažreiz trīs.
Draugs man paskaidroja, pirms 79. gada revolūcijas
bija divas. Pēc revolūcijas — trīs.
Tādēļ ar irāņiem jūs varat pateikt, kura pusē viņš ir,
atkarībā no tā, cik bučas viņi jums dod.
Chinese:
他說：「我管你剛才在哪，你就
待在你原來的地方吧，待那就好。」
我跑去沙烏地阿拉伯。
在沙烏地阿拉伯，
他們親一次， 兩次，
然後他們留在同一側——3、4、5、6、
7、8、9、 10、 11、 12、
13、 14、 15、 16、 17、 18。
（笑聲）
下次你們見到沙烏地阿拉伯人，
你們仔細觀察，他們姿勢有點傾斜。
「阿卜杜勒，你還好吧？」
「還可以，我說哈囉說了半小時。」
「我會沒事的。」
卡達人，你們這些傢伙鼻子碰鼻子。
這是為什麼？你們太累了，
不能這麼繞一便親吻嗎？
「Habibi（阿拉伯語：朋友）
好熱，我剛到這裡，說你好。
你好，Habibi。別動，請留在那裡，
我需要休息。」
每個國家 — — 伊朗人，
有時我們親兩次，有時我們親三次，
我的一個朋友向我解釋，
在 1979 年革命以前是兩次；
革命後，是三次。
所以和伊朗人在一起時，
你可以根據他們親吻你的數次
來辨別他們支持的陣營。
Portuguese:
ele responde: "Não me importa onde você esteve. Esteja onde você estiver, apenas fique onde você está."
Eu fui para a Arábia Saudita. Na Arabia Saudita, eles vão um, dois,
e aí ele permanecem no mesmo lado -- três, quatro, cinco, seis,
sete, oito, nove, 10,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Risos)
Na próxima vez que você encontrar um árabe, olhe atentantemente pra ele. Eles se apresentam um pouco inclinados.
"Abdul, você está bem?" "Sim, eu passei meia hora dizendo oi
eu vou ficar bem."
Catarianos, vocês fazem o negócio nariz com nariz.
Por que isso? Vocês estão cansados para fazer o repertório todo?
"Habibi, está muito quente. Venha até aqui por um segundo. Diga olá.
Olá Habibi. Não se mova. Apenas fique onde está.
Eu preciso descansar."
Cada país -- iranianos, as vezes dão dois, outras vezes três.
Um amigo me explicou, que antes da revolução de 79,
eram dois beijos. Após a revolução, três.
Assim, com os iranianos, você consegue dizer de qual lado estão
baseando-se no número de beijos que eles te dão.
Hindi:
वह, "मुझे मतलब नहीं तुम कहाँ थे.
वहीँ खड़े रहो जहाँ हो, प्लीज।"
(हंसी) (तालियाँ)
मैं सऊदी पहुंचा।
साऊदी में, वे एक, दो,
और फिर एक ही तरफ लगातार:
तीन, चार, पांच, छः,
सात,आठ, नौ,
१०, ११, १२, १३, १४, १५, १६, १७, १८ --
(हंसी)
अगली बार किसी सऊदी
से मिलो तो, देखना।
वे एक तरफ थोड़े झुके मिलेंगे।
(हंसी)
'अब्दुल, सब ठीक?"
"मैं आधे घंटे से हैलो कर रहा था।
सब ठीक हो जायेगा।"
(हंसी)
क़तारीज, आप नाक से नाक करते हो।
ऐसा क्यों है,
क्या सिर के
इतना हिलने से थक जाते हो?
(हंसी)
"हबीबी, काफी गर्मी है।
इधर आओ। हैलो कहें।
हैलो, हबीबी। हिलना नहीं।
ऐसे ही खड़े रहो, प्लीज।
सुस्ताने दो।"
(हंसी)
ईरानी, कभी दो करते है, कभी तीन।
मेरे एक मित्र ने बताया
'७९ क्रांति से पहले दो थे।
(हंसी)
क्रांति के बाद, तीन।
अतः ईरानीयों के सन्दर्भ में,
आप बता सकते हो वे किस तरफ है
उनके द्वारा दिए
किश को गिनकर।
Kurdish:
ئەویش وتی: گرنگ نییە لە کوێوە
هاتووی. لە شوێنی خۆتدا بوەستە، تکایە.
(پێکەنین)
چووم بۆ سعودیەی عەرەبی.
لە سعودیەی عەرەبی، یەک، دوو،
ئینجا لە یەک لا دەوەستن:
سێ، چوار، پێنج، شەش،
حەوت، هەشت، نۆ،
١٠، ١١، ١٢، ١، ١٤، ١٥، ١٦، ١٧، ١٨...
(پێکەنین)
جاری داهاتوو کە سعودییەک
دەبینی، ورد بەرەوە لێی.
دەبینیت کەمێک لارن.
(پێکەنین)
عەبدول، تۆ باشیت؟
نیو کاتژمێرە تەنها سڵاو
دەکەم، باش دەبم.
(پێکەنین)
قەتەرییەکان، ئێوە بە لوت سڵاو دەکەن.
بۆچی وا دەکەن؟ زۆر ماندوو دەبن
ئەگەر ئەمدیو ئەودیو بکەن؟
(پێکەنین)
حەبیبی، زۆر گەرمە. بۆ
ساتێک وەرە ئێرە. سڵاو بکە.
حەبیبی، سڵاو. هیچ مەجوڵێ.
تکایە لە شوێنی خۆتدا راوەستە.
پێویستم بە کەمێک پشووە.
(پێکەنین)
ئێمەی ئێرانی، هەندێک جار دوو،
و هەندێک جار سێ دەکەین.
هاوڕێیەکم بۆی روونکردمەوە،
پێش شۆڕشی ٧٩ دوو ماچ بوو.
(پێکەنین)
دوای شۆڕشەکە، بوو بە سێ.
بۆیە لەگەڵ ئێرانییەکاندا، دەتوانیت
بزانیت کەسەکە سەربە چی لایەنێکە.
Vietnamese:
Anh ta bảo "Tôi không quan tâm anh đã ở đâu. Anh hãy ở nơi anh đang ở."
Tôi đến Ả rập Saudi. Ở đó người ta hôn 1, 2
và rồi cùng một bên má - 3, 4, 5, 6
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Cười)
Lần tới bạn thấy một người Ả rập Saudi, nhìn thật kĩ. Đầu họ hơi bị vẹo một chút.
"Abdul, anh ổn chứ?"
"Vâng, tôi mất nửa tiếng để chào hỏi
và tôi sẽ ổn thôi".
Người Qatar, các bạn chạm mũi
Tại sao như vậy? Quay từ má bên này sang bên kia mệt quá à?
"Habibi, trời nóng quá. Hãy đến đây vài một tí. Chào tớ một tiếng.
Xin chào, Habibi, Đừng cử động. Xin hãy ở yên đó.
Tớ cần phải nghỉ mệt".
Mỗi nước - người Iran, đôi khi chúng tôi hôn 2 cái, đôi khi 3 cái.
Một người bạn của tôi giải thích rằng trước cuộc cách mạng năm 79
là 2, và sau cuộc cách mạng là 3.
Cho nên với người Iran, bạn có thể biết người ta theo bên nào
dựa vào số hôn người ta trao cho bạn.
Polish:
A on na to: "Nie interesuje mnie skąd wróciłeś.
Po prostu nie zbliżaj się do mnie."
Pojechałem do Arabii Saudyjskiej,
a tam raz i dwa,
a później po tej samej stronie policzka...
Trzy, cztery, pięć, sześć, siedem
siedem, osiem, dziewięć, dziesięć,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Śmiech)
Następnym razem kiedy spotkacie Saudyjczyka,
przyjrzyjcie się, są trochę przekrzywieni.
"Abdul, wszystko w porządku?"
"Tak, witałem się przez pół godziny.
Nic mi nie będzie."
Katarczycy!
Wy natomiast witacie się nosami.
Dlaczego?
Jesteś zbyt zmęczeni, by zrobić to jak należy?
"Habibi, jest tak gorąco.
Podejdź na sekundę się przywitać.
Witaj, Habibi.
Tylko się nie ruszaj.
Zostań tak, muszę odpocząć."
Każdy naród - Irańczycy, czasami robimy to dwa,
czasami robimy trzy razy.
Przyjaciel wyjaśnił mi, że przed rewolucją w '79,
było dwa, a po rewolucji trzy razy.
Zatem u Irańczyków,
po ilości pocałunków
łatwo poznać,
która opcję polityczną osoba popiera.
Czech:
On na to: "Je mi fuk, kde jste byl. Zůstaňte, kde jste, prosím. Jednoduše zůstaňte, kde jste."
Jel jsem do Saúdské Arábie. V Saúdské Arábii dělají jeden, dva
a pak zůstanou na stejné straně -- 3, 4, 5, 6
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Smích)
Příště až uvidíte někoho ze Saúdské Arábie, podívejte se pořádně. Jsou prostě trošku naklonění.
"Abdule, jsi v pořádku?" "Jo, asi půl hodiny jsem se zdravil.
Budu v pohodě."
Katařané, vy děláte to s tím nosem na nos.
Proč? Jste moc unavení na to, abyste to udělali celé?
"Habibi, je vedro. Pojď sem na vteřinku. Pojď pozdravit.
Ahoj Habibi. Jen se nehýbej. Prostě tu chvilku zůstaň.
Potřebuji si odpočinout."
Každá země -- Íránci, my občas děláme dva, občas tři.
Jeden z mých přátel mi vysvětlil, že před revolucí v roce 1979
to byly dva. Po revoluci tři.
Takže u Íránců můžete říct, na které straně ten člověk je,
podle toho, kolikrát vás políbí.
French:
Il a dit , "Ça m'est égal où vous étiez. Restez-y,
s'il vous plaît. Restez-y. »
Je suis allé en Arabie Saoudite. En Arabie Saoudite,
ils font une, deux,
et puis, ils restent sur le même côté--trois, quatre, cinq, six,
sept, huit, neuf, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Rires)
La prochaine fois que vous voyez un Saoudien,
regardez de près. Ils sont un peu inclinés.
"Abdul, ça va ?"
"Oui, je disais Bonjour pendant une demi-heure.
Ça va aller. »
Vous les Qatariens, vous le faites nez à nez.
Pourquoi ? Vous êtes trop fatigué pour faire le tour ?
"Habibi, il fait tellement chaud. Viens ici une seconde.
Dis Bonjour.
Bonjour, Habibi. Ne bouge pas. Reste là s'il te plaît.
J'ai besoin de repos."
Tous les pays — les Iraniens, parfois on en fait deux,
parfois on en fait trois.
Un ami à moi m'a expliqué, avant la révolution de 79,
c'était deux. Après la révolution, trois.
Avec les Iraniens, vous pouvez savoir
de quel côté est la personne
en fonction du nombre de bises qu'ils vous font.
Indonesian:
Katanya, "Saya tidak peduli Anda dari mana. Tolong berdiri saja di sana. Tetap di tempat Anda."
Saya pergi ke Arab Saudi. Di sana mereka melakukan satu, dua,
lalu pada sisi yang sama -- tiga, empat, lima, enam,
tujuh, delapan, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Tertawa)
Berikutnya kalau Anda bertemu orang Arab Saudi, lihat baik-baik, mereka agak sedikit miring.
"Abdul, kau tidak apa-apa?" "Ya, saya menyapa orang selama setengah jam.
Saya akan baik-baik saja."
Orang Qatar, Anda saling menggesekkan hidung.
Kenapa? Apa Anda terlalu lelah untuk mencium kiri-kanan?
"Habibi, di sini panas sekali. Kemarilah sebentar. Ucapkan salam.
Halo, Habibi. Jangan bergerak. Tetap di sana.
Saya ingin beristirahat."
Setiap negara -- orang Iran, terkadang dua, terkadang tiga.
Seorang teman saya menjelaskan, sebelum Revolusi tahun 1979,
jumlahnya dua. Setelah revolusi, tiga.
Jadi jika bertemu orang Iran, Anda bisa menebak dia ada di pihak mana
berdasarkan jumlah ciuman yang diberikan.
iw:
הוא אומר, "לא איכפת לי איפה היית.
תתרחק. בבקשה. פשוט תישאר במקומך."
הלכתי לסעודיה.
בסעודיה הם עושים פעם, פעמיים,
ואז ממשיכים באותו צד--
3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
[צחוק]
בפעם הבאה שתפגשו סעודי,
תתבוננו בו היטב. הם קצת נוטים הצידה.
- "עבדול, אתה בסדר?"
- "כן. אמרתי שלום במשך חצי שעה.
אני אהיה בסדר."
אנשי קטאר, אתם מחככים אפים.
למה זה? קשה לכם
לעשות את כל הסיבוב?
"חביבי, כל כך חם.
בוא שניה, תגיד שלום.
שלום חביבי. רק אל תזוז.
תישאר ככה בבקשה.
אני מוכרח לנוח."
בכל ארץ-- באירן, לפעמים אנו עושים פעמיים
ולפעמים שלוש.
חבר שלי הסביר לי
שלפני מהפכת 1979
זה היה פעמיים,
ואחרי המהפכה - שלוש.
אז אצל האיראנים אפשר לדעת
במי האיש מצדד
לפי מספר הנשיקות
שהוא נותן לך.
Ukrainian:
А він відповідає, «Мені все одно, де ти там був,
просто стій там, де стоїш».
(Сміх) (Оплески)
Я поїхав в Саудівську Аравію,
там вони цілуються один раз, другий,
а потім на тій самій стороні
три, чотири, п`ять, шість, сім, вісім, дев`ять
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18…
(Сміх)
Коли наступного разу побачите саудійця,
придивіться -
в них голова трохи похилена на бік.
(Сміх)
«Абдуле, з тобою все в порядку?»
«Я просто вітався півгодини.
Зі мною все буде добре».
(Сміх)
Катарійці взагалі вітаються ніс до носа.
Чому ви так робите? Ви надто втомлені,
щоб вертіти головою зі сторони в сторону?
(Сміх)
«Хабібі, любий, щось дуже спекотно.
Підійди на секунду, привітаємось.
Привіт, любий. Головне не рухайся.
Стій на місці, будь ласка.
Мені потрібно відпочити».
(Сміх)
Іранці, іноді ми робимо два поцілунки, іноді три.
Друг мені пояснив, що до революції 1979 року
цілувались двічі.
(Сміх)
Після революції - тричі.
З Іранцями ви завжди точно знаєте,
на чиїй стороні людина,
Hungarian:
Azt felelte: "Nem érdekel, hol volt. Csak maradjon ahol van, kérem! Csak maradjon ott, ahol van!"
Majd Szaúd-Arábiába mentem. Ott úgy megy, hogy: egy, kettő,
majd ugyanazon az oldalon maradva -- három, négy, öt, hat,
hét, nyolc, kilenc, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Nevetés)
Ha legközelebb látnak egy szaudit, vizsgálják meg közelebbről! Egy kicsit ferdék.
"Abdul, minden rendben?" "Igen, csak fél órán keresztül köszöntem.
Minden rendben lesz."
A katariak, ezt az 'orrot az orrhoz' dolgot csinálják.
Minek ez? Túl fáradtak, hogy közelebb hajoljanak?
"Habibi, túl meleg van. Csak gyere ide egy pillanatra! Köszönj!
Hello, Habibi! Csak ne mozdulj! Csak maradj ott, kérlek!
Pihennem kell."
Minden ország - mi irániak néha kettőt, néha hármat adunk.
Egy barátom mesélte nekem, hogy a '79- es forradalom előtt
kettő volt a szokás. Majd a forradalom után három.
Szóval, az irániak esetében meg lehet állapítani, milyen oldalon áll
valaki annak alapján, hogy hány csókot ad.
Serbian:
On reče: "Ne zanima me gde si bio.
Samo ostani tu gde jesi, molim te."
Otišao sam u Saudijsku Arabiju.
Tamo, oni krenu, jedan, dva,
i zatim ostanu na istoj strani
- tri, četri, pet, šest,
sedam, osam, devet,
10,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Smeh)
Sledeći put kad sretnete Saudijca,
pogledajte ga pažljivo.
Oni su malčice nakrivljeni.
"Abdul, jesi li dobro?"
"Jesam, pozdravljao sam se pola sata.
Biću u redu."
Katarani, vi se pozdravljate nosom o nos.
Zašto to? Previše vam je mrsko
da pravite čitav "obilazak"?
"Habibi, mnogo je toplo.
Dođi ovamo samo na sekund. Reci zdravo.
Zdravo, Habibi. Ne pomeraj se.
Samo ostani tamo molim te.
Moram da se odmorim."
Iranci, ponekad razmenjujemo dva,
a ponekad tri.
Jedan prijatelj mi je objasnio,
pre revolucije 1979, razmenjivali su dva.
Posle revolucije, tri.
Kod Iranaca, možeš zaključiti
na čijoj je strani ta osoba
Spanish:
Y él: "No me importa donde hayas estado.
Solo quédate donde estás, por favor.
Ahí donde estás".
Fui a Arabia Saudí.
En Arabia Saudí dan uno, dos,
y luego se quedan en el mismo lado...
tres, cuatro, cinco, seis,
siete, ocho, nueve,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Risas)
La próxima vez que veas a un saudí,
mírale atentamente. Están como inclinados.
"Abdul, ¿te encuentras bien?".
"Sí, sí, he estado saludando
durante media hora. Pero me pondré bien".
Uds. los cataríes hacen
lo de la nariz con nariz.
¿Por qué? ¿Están demasiado cansados
para hacerlo todo?
"Habibi, hace demasiado calor.
Solo ven un momento. Saluda.
Hola, Habibi. No te muevas.
Quédate ahí por favor.
Necesito descansar".
Todos los países... Los iraníes
a veces damos dos, a veces tres.
Un amigo mío me lo explicó,
antes de la revolución del 79,
se daban dos.
Después de la revolución, tres.
Así con los iraníes,
puedes decir de qué lado están
basándote en el número
de besos que te da.
Japanese:
と説明したんですが彼は「どこにいたかは どうでもいい
今いる場所の仕来りに従おう」と言われてしまいました
サウジアラビアでは
左右１回ずつキスした後に
２回目と同じ側の頬に
続けてキスをするんですよね
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18…
(笑)
今度サウジアラビア人にあったらよく見てください
首が少し傾いてるはずですから
「アブダル 大丈夫？」
「まぁ
30分挨拶してたからね
そのうち元に戻るよ」
カタールの人は鼻と鼻で挨拶をしますが
なんでですか？
頬までいくのが面倒なんですか？
「ハビビ 今日は暑いね
ほら顔近づけて こんにちは
ハビビ 動くなよ このままだぞ
ちょっと休ませろ」
イランでは２回だったり
３回だったりまちまちですね
友人から聞いたんですが
79年の革命以前は
２回だったのが
その後３回になったようですね
つまり イランでは
キスの回数から
政権を支持したか否かが
わかりますね
Italian:
E lui fece, "Non m'importa dove sei stato. Resta dove sei, per favore. Resta dove sei."
Sono andato in Arabia Saudita. In Arabia Saudita, fanno uno, due,
e poi sullo stesso lato -- tre, quattro, cinque, sei,
sette, otto, nove, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Risate)
La prossima volta che vedete un saudita, osservate bene. Sono un po' inclinati.
"Abdul, stai bene?" "Sì, ho salutato una persona per mezz'ora.
Starò bene."
Voi qatarioti, voi fate naso a naso.
Perché? Siete troppo stanchi per fare tutto il giro?
"Habibi, fa così caldo. Vieni qui un attimo. Ti voglio salutare.
Ciao, Habibi. Non ti muovere. Rimani lì, per favore.
Mi devo riposare."
In ogni Paese - noi iraniani, a volte facciamo due, altre tre.
Un mio amico mi ha spiegato che prima della rivoluzione del '79
erano due. Dopo la rivoluzione, tre.
Perciò con gli iraniani potete scoprire da che parte stanno
a seconda di quanti baci vi danno.
Dutch:
Hij: "Maakt me niet uit waar je was.
Blijf gewoon waar je bent, alsjeblieft.
Ik ging naar Saoedi-Arabië.
Daar gaan ze van 1, 2,
en dan bijven ze aan dezelfde kant.
3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Gelach)
De volgende keer dat je een Saoedi zit,
kijk dan goed. Ze staan wat scheef.
"Abdul, alles goed?"
"Ja, ik stond een half uur dag te zeggen.
Het komt wel goed."
Qatari, jullie doen neus aan neus.
Waarom? Zijn jullie te moe
om de hele bocht te maken?
"Habibi, het is zo heet.
Kom even hier. Zeg hallo.
Hallo, Habibi, niet bewegen.
Blijf gewoon daar.
Ik moet rusten."
Elk land -- in Iran doen we soms twee,
soms drie.
Een vriend legde me uit
dat het voor de revolutie in '79
twee was.
Na de revolutie drie.
Met Iraniërs weet je aan welke kant ze staan
op basis van het aantal kussen dat ze je geven.
iw:
כן. אם אתה מקבל 1, 2, 3 --
"אני לא מאמין שאתה תומך במשטר
לפי 3 הנשיקות שלך."
אבל ברצינות,
מרגש להיות כאן,
וכפי שאמרתי, אתם עושים המון
מבחינה תרבותית,
וזה מדהים
ועוזר לשנות את הדימוי
של המזרח התיכון במערב.
המון אמריקאים
לא יודעים הרבה עלינו,
על המזרח התיכון.
אני איראני ואמריקאי. אני חי שם.
אני יודע, באתי הנה.
קורה כל-כך הרבה,
אנו צוחקים, נכון?
אנשים לא יודעים שאנו צוחקים.
כשעשיתי את סיבוב הסטנדאפ "ציר הרשע",
זה עלה ב"קומדי סנטרל",
נכנסתי לרשת
כדי לראות מה אומרים על זה.
הגעתי לאיזה אתר שמרני.
בחור אחד כתב למישהו,
"לא היה לי מושג שהם יודעים לצחוק."
חישבו על זה. מעולם לא רואים אותנו
צוחקים בסרטים ובטלוויזיה באמריקה, נכון?
אולי רק כמו השטן --
"וואהאהאה, וואהאהאה" [צחוק]
"אהרוג אותך בשם אללה,
וואהאהאהאה."
אבל אף פעם לא,
"חה חה חה חה חה חה".
אנו אוהבים לצחוק וליהנות מהחיים.
Portuguese:
Sim, você vai um, dois, três -- "Eu não acredito que você defende esse regime
com os seus três beijos."
Mas não, gente, realmente é impolgante estar aqui.
e como eu disse, vocês todos estão fazendo muito, culturalmente
vocês sabem, isso é fantástico pois ajuda a mudar a imagem
do Oriente Médio no Oeste. Muitos americanos sabem
quase nada a nosso respeito, ou sobre o Oriente Médio.
Eu sou iraniano e americano. Eu vivo lá. Eu sei, eu viajei até aqui.
É tanta coisa, nós rimos, certo?
Mas as pessoas não sabem que nós rimos. Quando fiz o Tour de comédia 'Eixo do Mal',
ele foi exibido no 'Comédia Central', eu entrei na internet
para ver o que as pessoas estavam dizendo a respeito. Eu acabei num website conservador.
Um cara escreveu para outro cara. Ele disse: "Eu não sabia que os árabes conseguiam sorrir."
Pense sobre isso. Vocês nunca nos vêem sorrindo nos filmes americanos ou na televisão, certo?
Talvez representando o vilão -- tipo, "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha.
(Risos)
em nome de Allah, eu vos-matarei, wuhahahaha."
Mas jamais como, "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ah.
"Nós gostamos de rir. Nós gostamos de celebrar a vida.
Turkish:
Evet, eğer bir, iki, üç ise -"Sana inanamıyorum üç kez öperek
bu rejimi destekliyorsun."
Ama hayır, arkadaşlar, gerçekten, burda olmak heyecan verici
ve söylediğim gibi, siz arkadaşlar kültürel olarak çok şey yapıyorsunuz,
bilirsiniz, bu olağanüstü bir şey ve bu Batı'nın gözünde
Orta Doğunun imajının değişmesine yardımcı oluyor. Bir çok Amerikalı
bizim hakkımızda, Orta Doğu hakkında birçok şeyi bilmiyor.
Ben hem İranlıyım hem Amerikalıyım. Ben ordayım. Ben bilirim, buraya yolculuk yaptım.
Bilmedikleri o kadar çok şey var, biz güleriz, doğru mu?
İnsanlar bizim güldüğümüzü bilmiyorlar. Ben Axis of Evil (Günahkar Eksen) komedi turnesi yaptığım zaman,
Komedi Merkezinde sunuldu, daha sonra internetten
insanların neler söylediklerine baktım. Muhafazakar bir sitede buldum kendimi.
Bir adam diğerine yazmış. "Bu insanların güldüğünü hiç bilmiyordum."
Bir düşünsenize. Amerikan filmlerinde ya da televizyonlarında bizi hiçbir zaman gülerken görmüyorsunuz, doğru mu?
Bir kötülük gibi olabilir -- "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha", gibi.
Seni Allah'ın adıyla öldüreceğim, wuhahahahaha."
ama hiç bir zaman bunun gibi değil, "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Biz gülmeyi severiz. Hayatı kutlamayı severiz.
Russian:
Ну да, если вы начинаете: один, два, три...
«Да как вы можете поддерживать
этот режим вашими тремя поцелуями».
А если серьёзно,
то я очень рад быть сегодня здесь.
Потому что вы, друзья, вносите
очень большой вклад в развитие культуры.
Просто удивительно,
как это помогает изменить образ
Ближнего Востока на Западе.
Например, большинство американцев
многого не знают ни о нас,
ни о Ближнем Востоке.
Я сам иранец и американец. Я живу там.
Но и сюда тоже приезжаю, поэтому я знаю.
Мы же очень много смеёмся, ведь правда?
Люди не знают, что мы любим смеяться.
После выхода моего шоу «Ось зла»
на телеканале Comedy Central,
я решил почитать комментарии в Интернете
и забрёл на один консервативный веб-сайт.
Один парень пишет другому:
«Я понятия не имел, что эти люди умеют смеяться».
Задумайтесь. В американских фильмах
или по телевизору мы же никогда не смеёмся, так?
Разве что вот таким демоническим смехом
[смеётся как злодей] (Смех)
«Я убью вас во имя Аллаха, ха-ха-ха».
Мы никогда не смеёмся
вот так жизнерадостно [смеётся].
Мы любим смеяться.
Мы любим радоваться жизни.
Chinese:
是的，如果你亲了一下，两下，三下。。。”我无法相信你是支持这个政体的
因为你亲了3下。”
言归正传，朋友们，很激动能站在这里，
就像我说的，你们在做着很多关于文化的东西，
你们知道，这是很神奇的事情，它有助于改变
西方人眼中的中东形象。就像许多美国人
不是很了解我们，不是很了解中东。
我是个伊朗人，也是个美国人。我住在美国，然后我知道，我是来这里旅游的。
这种（缺乏了解的）事情太多了，我们会笑，对吗？
当我做邪恶坐标轴喜剧巡演的时候，（我发现）人们不知道我们会笑，
这部喜剧在喜剧中心（美国一个频道）出版，我上网
去看看网友们的评价，我进了一个保守派网友。
一个网友对另一个网友写道“我从不知道这些人还会笑。”
想一下。在美国电影很电视剧中，你们从没见过我们中东人在里面笑，对吗？
可能更多的是像个魔鬼，就像“Whahahaha，Wuhahaha
我要以真主阿拉的名义杀死你，Wuhahahaha”
但从没有像“哈哈哈哈哈哈”
我们喜欢笑，我们喜欢歌颂生命。
Spanish:
Si te da uno, dos, tres...
"No puedo creer que apoyes el régimen
con tus tres besos".
No, de verdad,
es emocionante estar aquí,
y como dije,
están haciendo mucho culturalmente,
es asombroso y ayuda
a cambiar la imagen
que se tiene de Oriente Medio
en Occidente.
Muchos estadounidenses
no saben mucho sobre nosotros,
sobre Oriente Medio.
Soy iraní y estadounidense.
Estoy allí, viajo aquí.
Hay muchas cosas,
nos reímos ¿verdad?
La gente no sabe que reímos.
Cuando mi monólogo "Eje del mal"
en el Comedy Central,
entre a Internet
para ver lo que decía la gente.
Terminé en una web conservadora.
Un hombre le decía a otro:
"No sabía que esta gente se riera".
Piensen en eso. Nunca se nos ve riendo
en el cine o TV estadounidenses. ¿Verdad?
A lo mejor con una risa malvada...
(Risas)
"Te mataré en el nombre de Alá".
Pero nunca como...
Nos gusta reírnos.
Nos gusta celebrar la vida.
Ukrainian:
зважаючи на кількість поцілунків.
Так, коли ви цілуєтесь один, два, три –
«Я не можу повірити, що ти підтримуєш режим!»
(Сміх)
«Зі своїми трьома поцілунками».
(Сміх)
Якщо чесно, я дуже радий бути тут сьогодні,
як я вже казав, ви, друзі,
робите величезний внесок у культуру,
і це просто надзвичайно,
і це дуже допомагає змінити образ
Близького Сходу на Заході.
Насправді багато американців не знають багато про нас,
про Близький Схід.
Я сам іранець і американець. Я живу там.
Але й сюди я теж приїжджаю, тому я знаю.
Ми ж дуже багато сміємось, правда?
Люди не знають, що ми теж багато сміємось.
Після виходу мого шоу «Вісь зла»,
на телеканалі Comedy Central,
я вирішив почитати коментарі, що говорять люди,
і зайшов на один консервативний веб-сайт.
Один хлопець пише іншому: «Я навіть не знав,
що ці люди вміють сміятись».
Задумайтесь. В американських фільмах та по телевізору
ми ніколи не сміємось, так?
Хіба що таким демонічним сміхом
{сміється як злодій}.
(Сміх)
«Я вб`ю тебе в ім`я Аллаха, вухахахахаха».
(Сміх)
Але ніколи не «ха ха ха ха ла.»
(Сміх)
Ми любимо сміятись.
Ми любимо радіти життю.
Arabic:
نعم , إذا قبلت مرة, مرتين, ثلاث, -- "لا أصدق أنك تدعم النظام
بثلاث قبلات."
لكن لا , أصدقائي , فعلا , من الرائع أن أتواجد هنا,
و كما قلت , أنتم تفعلون الكثير على صعيد الحضارة ,
و هو مذهل للغاية و يساعد على تغيير الصورة
المرسومة عن الشرق الأوسط في الغرب. هناك الكثير من الأمريكيين
لا يعلمون الكثير عنا , عن الشرق الأوسط .
أنا إيراني و أمريكي. أنا هنا , أنا أعلم , أنا سافرت إلى هنا.
هناك الكثير , نحن نضحك أليس كذلك ؟
الناس لا يعلمون أننا نضحك , عندما قمت بجولة محور الشر الكوميدية ,
ظهرت في مركز الكوميديا , تصفحت الإنترنت
لأرى ردت فعل الناس حولها , انتهى بي المطاف لموقع محافظ.
أحد الأشخاص كتب لآخر , " لم أكن أعلم أنهم يضحكون "
فكروا بها قليلا . أنتم لا ترونا نضحك على فيلم أو تلفاز أمريكي , أليس كذلك ؟
ربما ضحكة شريرة " واهاهاهاهاااااا (ضحك)
سأقتلك باسم الرب , واهاهاهاهاها."
لكن ليس بهذه الطريقة," ها ها ها ها "
نحن نحب أن نضحك . نحب أن نحتفل بالحياة.
Hindi:
हाँ, यदि आप जाते हो एक, दो, तीन ---
"विश्वासघाती! तुम इस रेजीम
को सपोर्ट करते हो"
(हंसी)
"तीन किश के साथ।"
(हंसी)
लेकिन, वास्तव में,
यहाँ होना वाकई रोमांचक है,
और जैसा मैंने कहा, आप लोग
बहुत ही सांस्कृतिक हैं,
आपको पता है, ये असाधारण है,
और पश्चिम में मध्य-पूर्व की छवि
बदलने में सहायक है,
अधिकतर अमेरिकी हमारे बारे में
बहुत कुछ नहीं जानते।
मैं ईरानी-अमेरिकी हूँ, वहां रहा हूँ,
मुझे मालूम है, मैंने यहां घूमा है।
हम बहुत ज्यादा हँसते है, सही?
पर वे इससे अनजान हैं।
जब मैंने एक्सिस ऑफ़ एविल कॉमेडी टूर किया,
यह कॉमेडी सेंट्रल पर आया,
मैं ऑनलाइन हुआ
लोगों की राय जानने।
मैं एक रूढ़िवादी वेबसाइट पर पहुंचा।
एक ने दूसरे को लिखा,
"मुझे पता ही नहीं था ये हँसते भी हैं।"
सोचिये, आप हमें कभी भी अमेरिकन फिल्मों
या टीवी पर हँसते नहीं पाएंगे, सही?
शायद राक्षसों जैसी हंसी, "वु हा हा हा !"
(हंसी)
"अल्लाह के नाम पर मैं तुझे मरूंगा,
"वु हा हा हा हा !"
(हंसी)
किन्तु कभी नहीं, "हा हा हा हा हा।"
(हंसी)
हमें हंसना पसंद है।
जीवन-उत्सव मनाना पसंद है।
Czech:
Jo, uděláte jeden, dva, tři -- "Nemůžu uvěřit, že podporuješ tenhle režim
se svými třemi polibky."
Ale ne, lidi, vážně je to vzrušující být tady
a jak jsem řekl, vy děláte z kulturního pohledu hodně,
víte, a je to úžasné a pomáhá to změnit představu
Blízkého východu na Západě. Například hodně Američanů
o nás moc neví, neví o Blízkém východě.
Já jsem Íránec a Američan. Žiju tam. Znám to, cestoval jsem sem.
Je taková spousta věcí, my se smějeme, že?
Lidi neví, že my se smějeme. Když jsem dělal turné se svým humorným představením Axis of Evil,
vyšlo to na Comedy Central, přihlásil jsem se online,
abych viděl, co o tom lidé říkají. Skončil jsem na konzervativním webu.
Jeden chlapík psal jinému. Řekl: "Nevěděl jsem, že tito lidé se smějí."
Zamyslete se nad tím. V Americkém filmu nebo v televizi nikdy nevidíte, jak se smějeme, že je to tak?
Možná zle -- něco jako: "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha. (Smích)
Zabiju vás ve jménu Alláha, wuhahahahaha."
Ale nikdy jako: "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Smějeme se rádi. Rádi oslavujeme život.
Croatian:
Ako vi krenete jedan, dva, tri –
„Ne mogu vjerovati da podržavaš ovaj režim
s ta tvoja tri poljupca.“
Ne, ljudi, stvarno, uzbudljivo je biti ovdje,
i kao što sam rekao,
mnogo ste toga učinili kulturološki
i to je stvarno divno i pomaže promijeniti sliku
Bliskog istoka na Zapadu. Mnogo Amerikanaca
ne zna mnogo o nama, o Bliskom istoku.
Ja sam Iranac i Amerikanac.
Živim ondje, putovao sam ovamo.
Ima toga puno. Mi se smijemo, zar ne?
Ljudi ne znaju da se smijemo. Kad sam bio
na komičarskoj turneji Osovina zla,
emitirala se na Comedy Centralu i otišao sam online
vidjeti što ljudi komentiraju na to. Završio sam
na konzervativnoj internetskoj stranici.
Jedan tip odgovara drugom tipu:
„Nisam znao da se ti ljudi smiju.“
Razmislite o tome. U američkim filmovima
i na TV-u nikad se ne vidi da se smijemo, zar ne?
Možda kao da smo zli – nešto kao:
„Wuhahaha, wuhahaha. (Smijeh)
Ubit ću vas u ime Alaha, wuhahahaha.“
Ali nikad kao „ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha.“
Volimo se smijati, volimo slaviti život.
Persian:
اگر سه بار روبوسی کنی، می گه
" باور نمی کنم که از این رژیم طرفداری می کنی، با این سه بار بوس کردنت"
نه واقعا، اینجا بودن خیلی مهیجه،
همونطور که گفتم، شما دارین واقعا کار فرهنگی می کنید،
می دونید، واقعا عالیه، کمک می کنه که
تصویر خاور میانه توی غرب عوض بشه.
خیلی از آمریکائیها در مورد ما و خاور میانه چیزی نمی دونن.
من ایرانی آمریکائی هستم. من اونجام. می دونم. اینجا زیاد سفر می کنم.
خیلی چیزا هست. مثلا اینکه ما می خندیم، درسته؟
اونا نمی دونن که ما می خندیم. وقتی تور کمدی "محور شرارت" را اجرا می کردم،
روی کمدی سنترال پخش شد، رفتم آنلان ببینم مردم در موردش چی می گن.
رفتم روی یه وبسایت محافظه کار.
یکی به اون یکی می گفت " من نمی دونستم خاور میانه ایها هم می خندن"
فکرشو بکنید! توی فیلم و تلویزیون آمریکا ما رو هیچوقت در حال خنده نشون نمی دن. درسته؟
اگر هم نشون بدن خیلی شیطانیه مثل " ووهاهاها، ووهاهاها. (خنده حضار)
"من به نام الله تو رو می کشم، ووهاهاهاهاها"
اما نه مثل "هاهاهاهاهاهاهاها"
ما دوست داریم بخندیم. ما دوست داریم زندگی رو جشن بگیریم.
Serbian:
na osnovu broja poljubaca koje ti daje.
Da, kad razmenjuješ jedan, dva, tri -
"Ne mogu da verujem
da podržavaš ovaj režim
sa tvoja tri poljupca."
Ali ne, ljudi, stvarno,
uzbudljivo je biti ovde
i kako sam već rekao,
mnogo činite za kulturu,
i to je zapanjujuće
i pomaže u menjanju slike
o Srednjem istoku na zapadu.
Mnogi Amerikanci ne znaju mnogo
o nama, o Srednjem istoku.
Ja sam Iranac i Amerikanac.
Tamo sam. Znam, doputovao sam ovde.
Postoji toliko stvari,
mi se smejemo, je l' tako?
Ljudi ne znaju da se i mi smejemo.
Kad sam bio na komičarskoj turneji
"Osa zla "
emitovali su na tv kanalu Comedy Central,
otišao sam na internet
da vidim šta su ljudi govorili o tome.
Na kraju sam se našao
na jednom konzervativnom sajtu.
Jedan čovek je napisao drugom:
"Nisam znao da se ovi ljudi smeju."
Razmislite.
Nikad nas ne vidite da se smejemo
u američkom filmu ili na TV-u.
Možda zli smeh - kao -
"Buahahaha, buahahaha. (Smeh)
Ubiću te u ime Alaha, buahahaha."
Ali nikad:
"ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Mi volimo da se smejemo.
Mi volimo da slavimo život.
Dutch:
Als je van 1, 2, 3 gaat --
"Niet te geloven dat je dat regime steunt
met je drie kussen."
Mannen, het is echt spannend om hier te zijn.
Ik zei het al, cultureel gaan jullie veel doen.
Het is geweldig en het helpt
om het beeld bij te stellen
van het Midden-Oosten in het Westen.
Veel Amerikanen
weten niet veel over ons,
over het Midden-Oosten.
Ik ben Iraniër en Amerikaan. Ik ben daar.
Ik heb hier rondgereisd.
Er is zoveel.
We lachen, niet?
Mensen weten niet dat we lachen.
Toen ik de As van het Kwaad-toernee deed,
kwam dat uit op Comedy Central.
Ik checkte online wat mensen erover zeiden.
Ik belandde op een conservatieve site.
Een kerel schreef aan een andere:
"Ik wist niet dat die mensen lachten."
Denk eens na.
Je ziet ons nooit lachen op de Amerikaanse tv.
Misschien wel een duivels lachje:
"Woehahaha, woehahah, (Gelach)
ik dood je in naam van Allah,
woehahahahaha."
Maar nooit "ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Wij houden van lachen.
We vieren het leven graag.
Bulgarian:
Да, ако ви дадат една, две, три - "Не мога да повярвам, че подкрепяш този режим
заради твоите три целувки."
Но не, хора, всъщност, вълнуващо е да бъдеш тук,
и както казах, вие правите много откъм култура,
и е чудесно, и помага да се промени представата
за Близкия изток на запад. Много американци
не знаят много за нас, за Близкия изток.
Аз съм иранец и американец. Живея там. Знам, пътувал съм тук.
Има толкова много, на което се смеем, нали?
Хората не знаят, че ние се смеем. Когато направих комедийното турне "Оста на злото",
то се излъчи по "Комеди сентрал", проверих в интернет
какво мислят хората за него. Озовах се на консервативна интернет страница.
Един човек беше написал на друг. Той каза: "Никога не съм знаел, че тези хора се смеят."
Помислете за това. Никога не ни виждат да се смеем в американски филм или телевизия, нали?
Може би като злодей - например, "Уахахахахах, уахахаха. (Смях)
Ще ви убия в името на Аллах, уахахахахахах."
Но никога така "ха ха ха ха ха ха ха ха ха."
Ние обичаме да се смеем. Обичаме да се радваме на живота.
Romanian:
Da, dacă sunt unu, doi, trei –
„Nu vreau să cred că sprijini acest regim
(Râsete)
cu cei trei pupici ai tăi.”
(Râsete)
Dar pe bune, e foarte incitant să fiu aici
și, cum am zis,
aici faceți multe pe plan cultural,
e minunat și ajută la schimbarea imaginii
Orientului Mijlociu în Occident.
Căci mulți americani nu știu prea multe
despre noi, despre Orientul Mijlociu.
Sunt iranian și american.
Trăiesc acolo. Eu știu, am venit aici.
Sunt multe. Chiar râdem, nu?
Lumea nu știe că mai și râdem.
Când am făcut emisiunea de comedie
ce a fost difuzată Comedy Central
am mers pe net să văd ce spune lumea.
Am ajuns pe o pagină web conservatoare.
Un tip i-a scris altuia:
„Nu am știut că acești oameni râd.”
Gândiți-vă. Niciodată nu ne vedeți râzând
în filmele americane, nu-i așa?
Poate un râs malefic – de genul:
„Uhahaha, uhahaha.”
(Râsete)
„Te omor în numele lui Allah, uhahaha.”
Dar niciodată: „ha ha ha ha ha ha.”
(Râsete)
Ne place să râdem. Iubim viața.
Vietnamese:
Nếu bạn hôn một, hai, ba cái -- "Tớ không tin được cậu ủng hộ chế độ này
với 3 cái hôn của cậu."
Nhưng không, thật sự là được ở đây là một dịp rất thú vị,
và như tôi đã nói, các bạn đang làm rất nhiều về văn hóa,
bạn biết đấy, nó rất tuyệt vời, và nó giúp thay đổi hình ảnh
của Trung Đông trong con mắt phương Tây. Nhiều người Mỹ
không biết nhiều về chúng ta, về Trung Đông.
Tôi là người Iran và Mỹ. Tôi đã du lịch tới đó. Tôi ở đó. Tôi biết.
Có rất nhiều thứ, chúng ta cười, phải không?
Người ta không biết chúng ta cười. Khi tôi thực hiện làm tour lưu diễn hài Axis of Evil (Trục Đen Tối)
nó được chiếu trên kênh Comeday Central, tôi lên mạng
để xem mọi người bàn luận gì về nó. Tôi tìm đến một trang web bảo thủ
Một anh chàng viết rằng "Tôi không hề biết rằng những người này cũng cười."
Hãy nghĩ mà xem. Bạn chưa bao giờ thấy chúng ta cười trong phim hay truyền hình Mỹ, đúng không?
Có khi là giống một tên ác nhân "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha" (Cười)
Tôi sẽ giết bạn vì danh nghĩa Allah, wuhahaha".
nhưng chưa bao giờ "ha ha ha ha ha."
Chúng ta thích cười và ăn mừng cuộc sống.
Polish:
Dajesz całusa jeden, dwa, trzy...
"Nie mogę uwierzyć, że wspierasz reżim...
Tymi trzema całusami!"
Teraz serio.
To naprawdę ekscytujące być tutaj!
Jak już mówiłem,
wiele robicie dla kultury.
To wspaniałe
i do tego pomaga zmienić
wizerunek Bliskiego Wschodu.
Wielu Amerykanów
niewiele wie na nasz temat,
na temat Bliskiego Wschodu.
Jestem Irańczykiem i Amerykanem.
Mieszkam tam i wiem, bo podróżowałem tutaj.
Jest tyle rzeczy, które nas bawią!
Ludzie nie wiedzą, że lubimy się śmiać.
Po moim tournée, "Axis of Evil Comedy"
pojawiło się na Comedy Central.
Chcąc zobaczyć, co ludzie myślą na nasz temat w internecie, wylądowałem na stronie dla konserwatystów.
Jeden facet napisał do drugiego:
"Nigdy nie sądziłem, że ci ludzie potrafią się śmiać."
Pomyślcie o tym. W amerykańskiej telewizji
nie pokazuje się nas śmiejących, prawda?
Może tylko śmiejących się złowieszczo...
"Ha haha ha ha. (Śmiech)
Zabiję cię w imię Allacha! Ha ha ha haa."
Ale nigdy po prostu: "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Lubimy się śmiać.
Celebrować życie.
Korean:
만약 당신이 한번,두번, 세번 한다면 --
"아니 어떻게 이 정부를
세번의 키스로 지지할 수 있죠?"
본론으로 돌아가면, 이곳에
오는 것은 신나는 일입니다.
제가 말했듯이, 많은 문화가 있고,
그것은 서방이 우릴
바라보는 시각을 바꿔주죠.
많은 미국인들은,
우리, 그리고 중동에 대해서 잘 모릅니다.
저는 이란인 재미교포죠. 저는 그곳에
살고 이곳을 방문하러 옵니다.
여기에선 많은 일들이
일어나죠, 우리 많이 웃죠?
사람들은 우리가 웃는다는 것을 모릅니다.
제가 악의 축 코메디 투어를 할 때,
코메디 센트럴(Comedy Central)에도
나왔죠. 저는 인터넷에 접속하여
사람들의 반응봤습니다. 어쩌다보니
보수 성향의 웹사이트에 들어가게 되더군요.
어떤사람은 이렇게 코멘트했더군요.
"그들이 웃는다는 것을 몰랐어."
생각해보세요. 미국의 영화나 텔레비젼에서는
우리가 웃는 모습을 보여주지 않습니다.
뭐, 악마같이 "우하하하, 우하하하"
이렇게 웃을 때는 있겠죠 (웃음).
알라의 이름으로 그댈 처단하겠다 우하하하하하.
하지만 한번도 하하하 이렇게 웃질 않죠.
우리도 웃는것을 좋아합니다.
인생을 즐길 줄 알고요.
Hungarian:
Igen, ha ad egyet, kettőt, hármat - "Nem hiszem el, hogy támogatja a jelenlegi rezsimet
a három csókjával."
De igen, barátaim, nagyon érdekes dolog itt lenni,
és ahogy mondtam, maguk nagyban hozzájárulnak a kultúrához,
és tudják, ez csodálatos, segíti megváltoztatni
a Közel-Keletről alkotott képet. Például sok amerikai
nem sokat tud rólunk, a Közel-Keletről.
Én iráni és amerikai is vagyok. Tudom, voltam itt is, ott is.
Sok mindenen nevetünk, igaz?
Az emberek nem tudják, hogy mi nevetni is tudunk. Amikor az 'Axis of Evil' komédia körúton voltam,
amit a Comedy Central is bemutatott, felmentem az internetre,
hogy megnézzem, mit szólnak hozzá az emberek. Egy konzervatív weboldalon kötöttem ki.
Egy férfi írt egy másiknak. Azt írta: "Sohasem gondoltam, hogy ezek az emberek nevetnek."
Gondolkodjanak el ezen! Sosem látnak minket nevetni amerikai filmekben vagy a tévében, igaz?
Legfeljebb, mint az ördögöt -- így: "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha.
(Nevetés)
Megöllek Allah nevében, wuhahahahaha. "
De sosem így: "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Szeretünk nevetni. Szeretjük ünnepelni az életet.
Latvian:
Jā, jūs dodat vienu, divas, trīs... „Es nespēju noticēt, ka tu ar savām trim bučām
atbalsti šo režīmu.”
Nē, te atrasties ir bijis patiešām aizraujoši
un kā jau teicu, jūs daudz darāt kultūras ziņā,
tas ir apbrīnojami un tas palīdz mainīt Tuvo Austrumu tēlu
Rietumos. Daudzi amerikāņi, piemēram,
neko daudz par mums, par Tuvajiem Austrumiem, nezina.
Es esmu irānis un amerikānis. Es esmu šeit. Esmu te atceļojis.
Tik daudz kas, par ko smieties, vai ne?
Cilvēki nezina, kā mēs smejamies. Uzstājoties „Axis of Evil” komēdijas tūrē,
to rādīja par Comedy Central. Es iegāju Internetā,
lai redzētu, ko cilvēki par to runā. Es nonācu kādā konservatīvākā tīmekļa lapā.
Viens cilvēks uzrakstīja otram. „Es nezināju, ka šie cilvēki vispār smejas,” viņš rakstīja.
Padomājiet par to. Jūs nekad neredzat mūs smejamies amerikāņu filmās vai raidījumos, vai ne?
Varbūt vienīgi ļauni, kā: „Ahahaha, ahahaha. (Smiekli)
Es tevi nogalināšu Allaha vārdā, ahahahahaha.”
Taču nekad: „ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha.”
Mums patīk smieties. Mums patīk baudīt dzīvi.
German:
Ja, wenn es eins, zwei, drei sind… „Ich kann nicht
glauben, dass du dieses Regime unterstützt
mit deinen drei Küssen.“
Nein, Leute wirklich, es ist
aufregend hier zu sein.
Wie ich schon sagte, ihr tragt
sehr viel zur Kultur bei
und das ist erstaunlich.
Es hilft dabei, das Image
des Nahen Ostens in der westlichen Welt zu
verändern. Viele Amerikaner zum Beispiel
wissen nicht viel über uns,
über den Nahen Osten.
Ich bin Iraner und Amerikaner.
Ich bin dort und auch hier gewesen.
Da gibt es so viel. Wir
können lachen. Stimmt’s?
Die Leute wissen nicht, dass wir auch lachen. Als ich mit der Axis-of-Evil-Comedy-Show auf Tour war,
wurde diese auf Comedy Central übertragen,
und ich ging online, um zu sehen,
was die Leute darüber sagen. Schließlich
landete ich auf einer konservativen Internetseite.
Einer schrieb an einen anderen und er sagte: „Ich wusste nicht, dass diese Leute auch lachen.“
Denkt mal darüber nach. Man sieht uns in einem amerikanischen Film nie lachen. Stimmt’s?
Vielleicht wie ein Bösewicht:
„Wuhahaha, wuhahaha.“ (Gelächter)
„Ich werde euch im Namen
Allahs töten, wuhahahahaha.“
Aber nie so: “Hi, hi, hi, hi, hi, hi, hi.”
Wir lachen gerne. Wir lieben
es, das Leben zu feiern.
Japanese:
３回目までいけば
「なんで３回？ お前…
政権を支持したなんて
信じられないぜ」となりますね
さてさて 私は本当に
ワクワクしてるんですよ
さっきも言いましたけど
今起こってる大きな
文化的変革で 西側が持ってる
中東へのイメージも変わっていくでしょう
アメリカ人の多くは
中東を誤解しているんです
私はイラン人でありアメリカ人ですから
両方を知っています
私たちも大笑いしますよね？
中東の人は笑わないと思われてます
コメディ・セントラルで『悪の枢軸ツアー』をしていた頃
オンラインで皆さんのコメントを読んでいたんですが
「中東の人がこんなに笑うとは」
なんて書いてる人もいましたよ
そう言われると アメリカの映画や
テレビでは中東の人は笑わないんです
悪者のような笑い声は別ですよ
「フハハハハ」みたいな (笑)
「アッラーの名の下に
お前を殺す フハハハ」
しかし「ハッハッハ」という
楽しげな笑い方はしないんです
私たちだって笑うし
人生を楽しみたいんです
Kurdish:
بە پشتبەستن بە ژمارەی ئەو ماچانەی دەیکەن.
بەڵی، ئەگەر یەک، دوو، سێ ماچ بکەیت...
باوەڕ ناکەم تۆ پشتگیری رژێم دەکەیت!
(پێکەنین)
خۆت و سێ ماچەکەت.
(پێکەنین)
بەڵام نا، بەڕاستی
سەرنجڕاکێشە بۆم کە لێرەم.
هەر وەک وتم، ئێوە کاری زۆر
دەکەن لە رووی کەلتورییەوە،
ئەمەش کارێکی ناوازەیە.
ئەم کارە وێنەی رۆژهەڵاتی
ناوەراست جوان دەکات لە رۆژئاوادا.
زۆرێک لە ئەمریکییەکان شتی زۆر
نازانن دەربارەی ئێمە، رۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست.
من ئێرانی و ئەمریکیم. من لەوێم.
من دەزانم. سەردانی ئێرەم کردووە.
شتی زۆرمان هەیە. پێدەکەنین. وانییە؟
خەڵکی نازانن کە ئێمە پێدەکەنین.
کە گەشتی کۆمیدی Axis of Evilم کرد،
لە کەناڵی Comedy Central پەخشکرا،
رۆشتمە ئینتەرنێت بۆی رای خەڵکی بزانم.
چوومە سەر ماڵپەڕێکی پارێزکار.
گەنجێک بۆ یەکێکی تری نووسیبوو:
هەرگیز نەمزانیووە ئەم خەڵکانە پێشدەکەنن.
بیری لێبکەرەوە. ئێمە هەرگیز نەبینراوین
لە فلیمێکی ئەمریکیدا پێبکەنین، وایە؟
مەگەر وەکو کەسێکی خراپ: وووهاهاهاها.
(پێکەنین)
بە ناوی ئەڵڵا دەتکوژم، وووهاهاها.
(پێکەنین)
بەڵام هەرگیز وەها نەبووە:ها ها ها ها.
(پێکەنین)
ئێمە حەزمان بە پێکەنینە.
حەزمان بە خۆشییە لە ژیاندا.
English:
based on the number
of kisses they give you.
Yeah, if you go one, two, three --
"I can't believe you support this regime!"
(Laughter)
"With your three kisses."
(Laughter)
But no, guys, really,
it is exciting to be here,
and like I said, you guys
are doing a lot culturally,
you know, and it's amazing,
and it helps change the image
of the Middle East in the West.
A lot of Americans don't know
a lot about us, about the Middle East.
I'm Iranian and American. I'm there.
I know, I've traveled here.
There's so much, we laugh, right?
People don't know we laugh.
When I did the Axis of Evil comedy tour,
it came out on Comedy Central,
I went online to see
what people were saying.
I ended up on a conservative website.
One guy wrote another guy. He said,
"I never knew these people laughed."
Think about it. You never see us laughing
in American film or television, right?
Maybe like an evil laugh: "Wuhahaha."
(Laughter)
"I will kill you in the name
of Allah, wuhahahahaha."
(Laughter)
But never like, "Ha ha ha ha la."
(Laughter)
We like to laugh.
We like to celebrate life.
Portuguese:
a partir do número de beijos que derem.
A sério, se derem um, dois, três...
"Não acredito que apoias este regime
com os teus três beijos."
(Risos)
Mas, a sério, é empolgante estar aqui
e, tal como eu disse, vocês
estão a fazer imenso, culturalmente,
e é fantástico e ajuda a mudar a imagem
do Médio Oriente no Ocidente.
Muitos americanos não sabem muito
sobre nós, sobre o Médio Oriente.
Eu sou iraniano e americano.
Estou lá. E agora viajei até aqui.
Há tanta coisa. Nós rimos.
As pessoas não sabem que nós rimos.
Quando fiz a digressão
da comédia Eixo do Mal,
aparecemos na Comedy Central.
Fui à Internet ver o que diziam sobre nós.
Acabei num "site" conservador.
Um tipo tinha escrito a outro:
"Não sabia que estas pessoas riam."
Pensem nisto. Nunca nos vêem a rir na
televisão e nos filmes americanos.
Talvez de uma forma maléfica, como:
"Uahahahahah"
(Risos)
"Vou matar-te em nome de Alá,
uahahahahah".
Mas nunca como "ah ah ah ah ah."
Nós gostamos de rir.
Gostamos de celebrar a vida.
Chinese:
是啊，如果你親一次、兩次、 三次 — —
「噢我真敢不相信你支持這個政權
你親三次。」
但是，不，各位，真的，
來到這裡真的很令人興奮，
就像我說過的，你們在文化上做了很多事，
你知道，這很棒的，它有助於
改變中東地區在西方的形象，
比如，很多美國人
不瞭解我們，也不瞭解中東地區，
我是伊朗人也是美國人，
我在那裡。我知道，我到這兒旅行過。
很多人不理解，我們也會笑，是吧？
他們不知道我們會笑。當我巡迴
表演「邪惡軸心」喜劇的時候，
它上了節目後，我上網
看看人們怎麼評價它，
最後我來到一個保守的網站，
一個傢伙留言另一個傢伙，
他說：「我從來不知道這些人會笑。」
想想看，你永遠不會看到我們在
美國電視或電影裡頭笑，對吧？
如果有的話就像魔鬼......
像這樣：「唔吼哈哈， 唔吼哈哈。」（笑聲）
我會以阿拉的名殺了你，
「唔吼哈哈哈哈哈。」
但從來沒有像這樣：
「哈 哈 哈 哈 哈 哈 哈 哈 哈。」
我們喜歡笑，我們喜歡慶祝生命。
Portuguese:
Sim, você vai um, dois, três -- "Eu não acredito que você defende esse regime
com os seus três beijos."
Mas não, gente, realmente é impolgante estar aqui.
e como eu disse, vocês todos estão fazendo muito, culturalmente
vocês sabem, isso é fantástico pois ajuda a mudar a imagem
do Oriente Médio no Oeste. Muitos americanos sabem
quase nada a nosso respeito, ou sobre o Oriente Médio.
Eu sou iraniano e americano. Eu vivo lá. Eu sei, eu viajei até aqui.
É tanta coisa, nós rimos, certo?
Mas as pessoas não sabem que nós rimos. Quando fiz o Tour de comédia 'Eixo do Mal',
ele foi exibido no 'Comédia Central', eu entrei na internet
para ver o que as pessoas estavam dizendo a respeito. Eu acabei num website conservador.
Um cara escreveu para outro cara. Ele disse: "Eu não sabia que os árabes conseguiam sorrir."
Pense sobre isso. Vocês nunca nos vêem sorrindo nos filmes americanos ou na televisão, certo?
Talvez representando o vilão -- tipo, "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha.
(Risos)
em nome de Allah, eu vos-matarei, wuhahahaha."
Mas jamais como, "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ah.
"Nós gostamos de rir. Nós gostamos de celebrar a vida.
Indonesian:
Jika Anda satu, dua, tiga -- "Saya tidak percaya Anda mendukung rezim ini
dengan memberi tiga ciuman."
Tapi betulan, di sini sangat menarik,
dan seperti yang saya katakan, Anda banyak melakukan hal berbudaya,
Anda tahu, itu mengagumkan, dan membantu mengubah citra
Timur Tengah di dunia Barat. Seperti banyak orang Amerika
yang tidak tahu banyak tentang kita, tentang Timur Tengah.
Saya seorang Iran dan seorang Amerika. Saya ada di sana dan berkunjung ke sini.
Ada banyak hal yang membuat kita tertawa, bukan?
Orang-orang tidak tahu kita bisa tertawa. Saat saya mengadakan tur komedi Axis of Evil (Negara-negara Poros Kejahatan),
acaranya keluar di Comedy Central, saya masuk ke situs ini
untuk melihat komentar orang-orang. Saya sampai ke sebuah situs konservatif.
Seorang pria menulis, Katanya, "Saya tidak tahu orang-orang ini tertawa."
Pikirkanlah. Anda tidak pernah melihat kita tertawa dalam film-film Amerika, bukan?
Mungkin tertawa jahat -- seperti, "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha. (Tertawa)
Aku akan membunuhmu atas nama Allah, wuhahahahaha."
Namun tidak pernah, "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Kita suka tertawa. Kita senang mensyukuri hidup.
Thai:
ถ้าคุณทำ หนึ่ง สอง สาม "ผมไม่อยากเชื่อเลยว่าคุณสนับสนุนฝ่ายนี้
เพราะคุณจูบสามครั้ง"
แต่ไม่ใช่นะครับ จริงๆ ผมดีใจที่ได้มาวันนี้
เหมือนที่ผมบอก เรายังยึดปฏิบัติตามวัฒนธรรมอยู่เยอะ
รู้มั้ย มันเหลือเชื่อ มันช่วยเปลี่ยนภาพลักษณ์
ของตะวันออกกลางตามสายตาของพวกฝรั่งตะวันตก เหมือนกับคนอเมริกันจำนวนมาก
ที่ไม่รู้เรื่องอะไรมากนักเกี่ยวกับเรา เกี่ยวกับตะวันออกกลาง
ผมเป็นคนอิหร่านและก็เป็นอเมริกัน ผมอยู่ที่นั่น บินมานี่
มีเยอะมากครับ พวกเราหัวเราะ จริงมั้ย
คนพวกนั้นไม่รู้หรอกว่าเราก็หัวเราะ ตอนที่ผมแสดงตลกเรื่องแอกซิส ออฟ อีวิล
เห็นใน คอเมดี้ เซนทรัล ตอนผมได้เข้าไปดูในอินเตอร์เน็ต
ว่าคนเขาคิดยังไง ในที่สุดก็ไปเจอในเว็บเชิงอนุรักษ์นิยม
คนหนึ่งเขียนถึงอีกคนว่า "ไม่เคยรู้เลยว่าคนพวกนี้ก็หัวเราะกันด้วย"
คิดดูซิครับ เขาไม่เคยเห็นพวกเราหัวเราะในหนังหรือทีวีอเมริกาเลย ใช่มั้ยครับ
อาจจะเห็นว่าเป็นเหมือนปีศาจ "วะฮาฮาฮา, วะฮะฮะฮา (หัวเราะ)
ฉันจะฆ่าแกในนามของอัลเลาะห์ วะ ฮะ ฮา ฮา"
แต่ไม่เคยเห็นว่าหัวเราะแบบนี้ "ฮ่า ๆๆๆๆๆ"
พวกเราชอบหัวเราะครับ เราชอบที่จะเฉลิมฉลองชีวิต
French:
Oui, si vous faites un, deux, trois -- "je ne peux croire que vous soutenez ce régime
avec vos trois bises."
Mais non, les gars, vraiment, c'est excitant d'être ici,
et comme je l'ai dit,
vous faites beaucoup sur le plan culturel,
vous savez, c'est incroyable
et ça permet de changer l'image
du Moyen Orient en Occident.
Comme beaucoup d'Américains
ne pas savent pas grand-chose à propos de nous, du Moyen Orient.
Je suis Iranien et Américain. Je suis là. Je sais, j'ai voyagé ici.
Il y a tellement de choses dont nous rions, pas vrai ?
Les gens ne savent pas que nous rions.
Quand j'ai fait la tournée de comédie l'Axe du Mal,
c'est passé sur Comedy Central, je suis allé sur Internet
pour voir ce que les gens disaient.
J'ai fini sur un site Internet conservateur.
Un type a écrit à un autre.
Il a dit: « Je n'aurais jamais cru que ces gens riaient. »
Pensez-y. On ne nous voit jamais rire
dans les films ou à la télévision américains, pas vrai ?
Peut-être comme un méchant --comme, "Mouahahaha, mouahahaha. (Rires)
Je vais te tuer au nom d'Allah, mouahahahahaha. »
Mais jamais comme, "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
Nous aimons rire. Nous voulons célébrer la vie.
Modern Greek (1453-):
ανάλογα με τον αριθμό
των φιλιών που σου δίνει.
Πράγματι, αν δώσεις ένα, δύο τρία -- «Δεν το
πιστεύω ότι υποστηρίζεις αυτό το καθεστώς»
(Γέλια)
«Με τα τρία σου φιλιά».
(Γέλια)
Πέρα από την πλάκα, είναι πραγματικά
εξαιρετικό γεγονός να βρίσκομαι εδώ,
και όπως έχω πει, έχετε καταφέρει
πολλά στα πολιτιστικά πράγματα,
το ξέρετε αυτό, είναι εντυπωσιακό
και επιπλέον, βοηθάει στην αλλαγή της εικόνας
που έχει η Δύση για τη Μέση Ανατολή.
Όπως πολλοί Αμερικανοί δεν γνωρίζουν
πολλά πράγματα για εμάς, για τη Μέση Ανατολή.
Είμαι Ιρανός και Αμερικανός ταυτόχρονα.
Ζω εκεί και ταξιδεύω εδώ, ξέρω τι συμβαίνει.
Υπάρχουν τόσα ζητήματα, γελάμε, έτσι δεν είναι;
Πολλοί δεν γνωρίζουν ότι γελάμε.
Όταν έκανα την περιοδεία
με την κωμωδία ο Άξονας του Κακού,
το υλικό ανέβηκε στο διαδίκτυο και συνδέθηκα
για να διαβάσω τις απόψεις των ανθρώπων για αυτό. Κατέληξα σε μία συντηρητική σελίδα.
Κάποιος έγραψε σε κάποιον άλλον,
«Δεν ήξερα ότι αυτοί οι άνθρωποι γελάνε».
Σκεφτείτε το. Δεν μας έχουν δει ποτέ να γελάμε
σε κάποια αμερικανική ταινία ή στην τηλεόραση, σωστά;
Ίσως μας έχουν δει να γελάμε
διαβολικά «Μπουάχαχαχαχα».
(Γέλια)
«Θα σε σκοτώσω στο όνομα
του Αλλάχ, μπουάχαχαχα».
(Γέλια)
Αλλά ποτέ έτσι, «Χαχαχαχαχαχαχαχα».
(Γέλια)
Μας αρέσει να γελάμε
και να απολαμβάνουμε τη ζωή.
Italian:
Sì, se fate uno, due, tre -- "Non posso credere che tu stia dalla parte del regime,
con tre baci."
Ma no, ragazzi, davvero, essere qui mi emoziona,
e come ho detto, voi state facendo molto dal punto di vista culturale,
sapete, ed è fantastico, e aiuta a cambiare l'immagine
che l'Occidente ha del Medio Oriente. Come molti americani
non so molto di noi, del Medio Oriente.
Io sono iraniano e americano. Vengo da lì. Lo so, ho viaggiato molto qui.
C'è così tanto, ridiamo, giusto?
La gente non sa che ridiamo. Quando ho fatto il tour "Axis of Evil",
è andato in onda su Comedy Central, sono andato online
per vedere cosa ne diceva la gente. Sono finito su un sito di conservatori.
Un tipo scriveva ad un altro. Diceva, "Non sapevo che queste persone ridessero."
Pensateci. Non ci vedete mai ridere in TV o nei film americani, giusto?
Magari da cattivi -- tipo "Wuhahaha, wuhahaha.
(Risate)
Vi ucciderò nel nome di Allah, wuhahahahaha."
Ma mai così "ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha."
A noi piace ridere. Ci piace celebrare la vita.
Serbian:
I želim da više Amerikanaca doputuje ovde.
Uvek ohrabrujem svoje prijatelje:
putujte, posetite Srednji istok,
ima toliko toga da se vidi,
mnogo dobrih ljudi.
I deluje u oba pravca
i doprinosi zaustavljanju problema
kao što su nesporazumi i stereotipi.
Na primer, ne znam
da li ste čuli nešto o ovome,
nedavno je u Americi
jedna muslimanska porodica
prolazila između sedišta u avionu
pričajući o najsigurnijem mestu
za sedenje u avionu.
Neki putnici su ih čuli,
pogrešno su protumačili
to kao razgovor terorista
i izbacili su ih iz aviona.
To je bila porodica, majka, otac,
dete, šetali prolazom
pričali su o tome gde da sednu.
Sad, kao muškarac sa Srednjeg istoka,
znam da određene stvari ne smem govoriti
u avionu u Sjedinjenim Državama, zar ne?
Ne smem se ponašati,
kao, šetam niz prolaz,
i kažem: "Ćao, Džek."
Znate, to nije kul.
Čak ni onda kad sam sa svojim prijateljem
koji se zove Džek, moram reći,
"Pozdrav, Džek. Pozdravljam te Džek."
Nikad: "Ćao, Džek."
(Smeh)
Ali sad izgleda
da čak ne možemo ni da pričamo
o najsigurnijem mestu u avionu.
Moj savet svim prijateljima
sa Srednjeg istoka i Muslimanima
Arabic:
و أتمنى أن يسافر المزيد من الأمريكيين إلى هنا . أنا أشجع أصدقائي كثيرا :
سافروا , اذهبوا إلى الشرق الأوسط و هناك الكثير لتروه , الكثير من الناس الطيبين.
و العكس كذلك , إنها تساعد على وقف مشاكل
سوء التفاهم و بناء الصور النمطية من الحدوث
مثلا, لا أعلم إذا سمعتم بها ,
قبل فترة قصيرة في أمريكا , كان هناك أسرة مسلمة
تمشي في ممر في طائرة
يتحدثون عن أكثر مقاعد الطائرة أمانا .
بعض المسافرين سمعوا حديثهم و أساؤوا الفهم
و اعتقدوا أنه حديث ارهابيين, و تم طردهم من الطائرة.
كانت عائلة , أم , أب , و طفل , يمشون بالممر ,
يتحدثون عن المقاعد. الآن , كرجل شرق أوسطي ,
أنا أعلم أن هناك بعض الأمور التي يجب أن لا أتحدث عنها
في طائرة في أمريكا , أليس كذلك ؟
لا يفترض أن أمشي في الممر على سبيل المثال ,
و أقول " مرحبا جاك " تعلمون , هذا ليس صحيحا.
حتى لو كنت موجود مع صديقي جاك , ينبغي أن أقول ,
" تحياتي , جاك , التحية عليك يا جاك "
لكن أبدا ليس " مرحبا جاك"
(ضحك)
لكن الآن على ما يبدو أنه لا ينبغي علينا أن نتحدث عن
المقعد الأكثر أمانا في الطائرة .
لذا نصيحتي لكل أصدقائي من الشرق الأوسط و المسلمين
Turkish:
Ve isterim ki daha çok Amerikalı burayı ziyaret etsin. Ben daima arkadaşlarımı cesaretlendiriyorum:
Yolculuğa çıkıp Orta Doğu yu görün, görülecek çok şey var, çok sayıda iyi insan var.
Ve tam tersi de, bu yanlış anlaşılma ve kilişelerle ilgili
problemleri engellemeye yardım eder.
Örnek olarak, bilmiyorum bunu duydunuz mu,
bir süre önce Amerikada bulunan Müslüman bir aile
uçakta yerlerine doğru ilerlerken
uçakta oturulacak en güvenli yer hakkında konuşuyorlardı.
Bazı yolcular onlara kulak misafiri oldu, nasıl olduysa
bunu bir terörist konuşması olarak algıladılar, onları uçaktan attırdılar.
O, uçağın koridorunda yürürken oturmak ile ilgili konuşan
anne, baba ve çocuktan oluşan bir aile idi. Şimdi Orta Doğulu bir erkek olarak,
Amerika da uçağın içindeyken kesinlikle söylememem
gereken şeyler olduğunu biliyorum, değil mi?
Bir uçağın koridorunda yürüyüp mesela "Merhaba Jack" (hijack=uçak kaçırma)
dememeliyim. Tahmin edeceğiniz gibi bu hoş bir durum olmazdı.
Jack ismindeki arkadaşım ile orada olsaydım bile,
"Selamlar Jack. Selamlarımızla Jack" filan derdim.
Kesinlikle "Hi Jack" (uçak kaçırma) demezdim.
(Kahkahalar)
Görünen o ki uçaktaki en güvenli koltuk
hakkında bile konuşamayız.
Benim bütün Orta Doğulu ve Müslüman arkadaşlarıma
Japanese:
友達には言っていますが
アメリカ人には中東に来て欲しいです
中東には素晴らしい
ものや人が溢れています
逆もしかり お互いを知ることで
誤解やステレオタイプが
生まれるのを 未然に防ぐことにもなります
皆さん 聞いたことがありますかね
ちょっと前に アメリカの航空機の通路を
イスラムの家族が歩きながら
「どこが一番安全な席かな？」という話をしていました
これを聞いた乗客がテロリストだと誤解して
彼らは最終的に航空機から
降ろされてしまったんです
父と母と子 ごく普通の家族が
座席について話してただけですよ
もちろんアメリカの航空機には
タブーがあることは承知してますよ
航空機の中で「ハイ、ジャック」
こんな挨拶の仕方はダメですね
航空機の中で「ハイ、ジャック」
こんな挨拶の仕方はダメですね
友達のジャックがいたとしても
「ご機嫌いかがですか ジャックさん」
こちらの方が無難でしょうね
(笑)
いやいや 安全な席について
話をすることもできないとはね
中東の方々そしてイスラム教徒の皆さん
Romanian:
Îmi doresc să vină mai mulți americani.
Le spun totdeauna prietenilor:
călătoriți în Orientul Mijlociu,
sunt multe de văzut, oamenii sunt buni.
Și vice-versa,
și asta ajută la eradicarea problemelor
cauzate de neînțelegeri și stereotipii.
De exemplu, nu știu dacă ați auzit,
cu ceva timp în urmă în SUA,
o familie musulmană mergea
pe coridorul unui avion
discutând unde ar fi cel mai sigur
să stea în avion.
Niște pasageri i-au auzit,
i-au interpretat greșit
ca fiind discuții teroriste
și au fost expulzați din avion.
Era o familie, mama, tata,
copilul ce mergeau pe culoar
ce vorbeau de locuri.
Ca bărbat din Orientul Mijlociu,
știu că sunt unele lucruri
pe care nu trebuie să le spui
într-un avion american, da?
Nu trebuie să mă plimb pe coridor
și să zic „Hei, Jack. [Deturnare]”.
Asta nu se face.
(Râsete)
Dacă sunt cu prietenul meu Jack, spun:
„Bună, Jack. Salut, Jack.”
(Râsete)
Niciodată „Hei, Jack”
(Râsete)
Dar acum se pare că n-avem voie să vorbim
nici despre cel mai sigur loc
dintr-un avion.
Sfatul meu pentru toți prietenii
din Orientul Mijlociu și musulmani,
Kurdish:
و ئاواتەخوازم ئەمریکی زیاتر بێن بۆ ئێرە.
هەمیشە هانی هاوڕێکانم دەدەم:
گەشت بکەن،
رۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست ببینن،
شتی زۆر هەیە بۆ بینین،
خەڵکەکەی زۆر باشن،
بە پێچەوانەشەوە، دەبێتە هۆی
نەهێشتنی هەندێک کێشە
کێشەی وەک هەڵە تێگەشتن و کڵێشە.
بۆ نمونە، نازانم ئەگەر
دەربارەی ئەمەتان بیستبێت،
ماوەیەکی کەم پێش ئێستا لە
ئەمریکا، خێزانێکی موسڵمان
کە بە راڕەوەی فرۆکەکەدا تێدەپەڕین،
و باسیان لە دانیشتن لە پارێزراوترین
شوێنی فرۆکەکە دەکرد.
چەند سەرنشینێک
گوێیان لێیان بووە،
بە هەڵە لە قسەکانیان گەشتوون و
بە باسی تیرۆرستانە لە قەڵەمیان داوە،
دەرەنجام لە فرۆکەکە بەدەر نران.
تەنها خێزانێک بوون، دایک و باوک،
و منداڵێک کە باسی کورسییەکانیان کردووە.
وەکو نێرێکی رۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست،
دەزانم چەند شتێک هەن کە نابێت باسیان بکەم
کاتێک لە فرۆکەدام لە ئەمریکا، وایە؟
نابێت بە ناو راڕەوەکەدا پیاسە بکەم،
و بڵێم: سڵاو جاک (هایجاک:فڕاندن).
(پێکەنین)
تەنانەت ئەگەر هاوڕێکەشم
ناوی جاک بێت، دەڵێم،
سڵاوت لێبێت جاک، دروود لە تۆ جاک.
هەرگیز ناڵێم: های جاک.
(پێکەنین)
بەڵام ئێستا، ئاشکرایە تەنانەت ناتوانین
باسی پارێزراوترین شوێنی
دانیشتن بکەین لە ناو فرۆکەدا.
بۆیە ئامۆژگاریم بۆ هەموو دۆستە
رۆژهەڵاتی و موسڵمانەکەن
Hungarian:
Azt kívánom, bárcsak több amerikai utazna ide! Mindig biztatom a barátaimat:
Utazz, látogass el a Közel-Keletre, olyan sok látnivaló van, olyan sok jó ember.
És vice versa, ez segít meggátolni a
félreértésekből és sztereotípiákból adódó problémákat.
Például, nem tudom, hallottatok-e róla, hogy
nem olyan régen az USA-ban egy muszlim család
sétált a repülőgép folyosóján arról
beszélgetve, hogy melyik a legbiztonságosabb ülőhely a repülőn.
Néhány utas meghallotta őket, valahogy félreértették, és
terrorista beszélgetésnek vélték, majd leszállíttatták őket a repülőgépről.
Egy család volt, anya, apa, gyerek. A folyosón sétálva
beszélgettek az ülésekről. Mint közel-keleti férfi
tudom, hogy bizonyos dolgokról nem kellene beszélnem
egy repülőgépen az USA-ban, igaz?
Nem kellene a folyosón sétálva például
azt mondanom: "Hi, Jack!" [hijack = repülőgép-eltérítés] Ez nem cool.
Még ha egy Jack nevű barátommal is vagyok ott, azt mondom:
"Üdvözöllek, Jack! Köszöntelek, Jack!"
Sosem "Hi, Jack!"
(Nevetés)
De most már látszólag még arról sem beszélhetünk,
melyik a legbiztonságosabb ülőhely a repülőgépen.
Szóval, a tanácsom az lenne minden közel-keleti és muszlim barátomnak,
Hindi:
मेरी इच्छा है ज्यादा-से-ज्यादा
अमेरिकी यहाँ आये।
हमेशा अपने मित्रों से कहता हूँ:
घूमों, मध्य-पूर्व देखों,
काफी कुछ देखने को है यहाँ,
ढेर सारे अच्छे लोग भी।"
और इसके उलटे भी,
यह कई समस्यायों;
गलतफहमियां, रूढ़ियों को
ख़त्म करने में मददगार है।
उदहारण के लिए, मुझे नहीं पता
यदि आपने सुना हो,
कुछ दिन पहले अमरीका में,
एक मुस्लिम परिवार
एक हवाई जहाज
के गलियारे से गुजरते हुए,
बैठने हेतु सबसे सुरक्षित स्थान
के बारे में बातें कर रहे थे।
कुछ यात्रीअों ने उन्हें सुना,
और किसी प्रकार गलती से
आतंकी बातचीत समझ ली
और उन्हें जहाज से बाहर करवा दिया।
एक परिवार, माता, पिता, बच्चे,
बैठने पर बात करते हुए।
मध्य-पूर्व वासी के रूप में,
मैं भिज्ञ हूँ कुछ ऐसी बातें
जो मुझे नहीं कहनी है,
हवाई जहाज पर, अमेरिका में, सही?
गलियारे से गुजरते हुए
मैं नहीं कह सकता,
"हाय, जैक।", यह सही नहीं है।
(हंसी)
तब भी जब मेरे साथ मेरा दोस्त
जैक हो, मैं कहूंगा,
"ग्रीटिंग्स, जैक, सैल्यूटेशंस, जैक।"
कभी नहीं, "हाय, जैक।"
(हंसी)
किन्तु अब, शायद हम
ये भी बात नहीं कर सकते
हवाई जहाज में बैठने का
सबसे सुरक्षित स्थान।
अतः मेरी यह सलाह
उन सभी मध्य-पूर्व वासी, मुस्लिम दोस्तों,
Korean:
저는 더 많은 미국인들이 이곳을
방문했으면 합니다. 저는 항상 친구들에게 말하죠:
중동으로 여행을 하라고.
많은 볼거리가 있고, 인심이 좋다고.
문제점들을 고치는데 많은 도움을 주죠.
더 이상의 편견과 오해는 없을테니까요.
이걸 들어봤을지 모르겠지만,
얼마전 미국에서 한 무슬림가족이
비행기의 통로를 걸어가며
비행기에서 가장 안전한
장소에 대해 말하고 있었습니다.
다른 손님들이 그 얘길 듣고,
테러리스트라고 오해해 그들을
비행기에서 쫓아냈습니다.
그들은 아빠, 엄마, 아이로
구성된 가족이었을 뿐입니다.
중동 지역의 남성으로서,
저는 제가 무엇을 말하면 안되는지를,
특히 미국의 비행기에서, 알고 있습니다.
저는 통로를 걸어가며,
"하이(안녕) 잭" 이러면 안되는거죠.
진짜 거기에 잭이라는 친구가 있어도 저는 이렇게 말해야죠;
"보게 되서 반가워 잭.
행복하길 바래 잭"
절대 '안녕(안녕) 잭" 이러면 안됩니다.
(웃음)
이제는 우리가
비행기에서 좌석배치에
대해서도 말하면 안됩니다.
제가 모든 중동 친구들과 무슬림 친구들,
Czech:
Byl bych rád, kdyby sem cestovalo víc Američanů. Vždycky přesvědčuji své přátele:
Cestujte, podívejte se na Blízký východ, je tam tolik věcí k vidění, tolik dobrých lidí.
A je to i naopak a pomáhá to zastavit problémy
s nedorozuměním a stereotypy.
Například nevím, jestli jste slyšeli o tomhle,
ale nedávno byla v Americe muslimská rodina,
šla uličkou k letadlu
a bavila se o tom, které místo v letadle je nejbezpečnější.
Někteří cestující je zaslechli, nějak špatně si to vyložili
jako teroristický rozhovor a nechali je vyhodit z letadla.
Byla to rodina, matka, otec a dítě, kteří šli uličkou
a bavili se o tom, kde sedět. No, jako muž z Blízkého východu
vím, že jsou určité věci, které nemáte v letadle
v Americe říkat, že jo?
Nemám jít třeba uličkou
a udělat něco jako: "Hi, Jack." [pozn. hijack = unést (letadlo)]. Víte, to není cool.
I když tam jsem se svým přítelem, který se jmenuje Jack, řeknu:
"Zdravíčko, Jacku. Vítám tě, Jacku."
Nikdy: "Hi, Jack."
(Smích)
Ale jak se zdá, teď ani nemůžeme mluvit o
nejbezpečnějším místě, kde v letadle sedět.
Takže má rada všem mým kamarádům z Blízkého východu a kamarádům muslimům
Thai:
และผมหวังว่าคนอเมริกาจะเดินทางมาที่นี่เพิ่มมากขึ้น ผมเชียร์เพื่อนๆของผมเสมอ:
มาเที่ยวสิ มาเห็นตะวันออกกลาง มีหลายอย่างให้ดู คนดีน่ารักๆมีเยอะแยะ
แล้วมันตรงกันข้ามกับที่คุณคิด และมันจะหยุดยั้งปัญหา
ของการเข้าใจผิด และทัศนคติที่มีอยู่เดิมๆ ไม่ให้เกิดขึ้นอีก
ยกตัวอย่าง ไม่รู้ว่าคุณเคยได้ยินเรื่องนี้หรือยัง
ไม่นานมานี้ ในอเมริกา มีครอบครัวมุสลิม
กำลังเดินในช่องทางเดินในเครื่องบิน
เขาคุยกันว่าจะนั่งตรงไหนจึงจะปลอดภัยสุด
ผู้โดยสารบางคนไปได้ยินเข้า แล้วไปตีความผิด
คิดว่าเป็นผู้ก่อการร้าย ไล่พวกเขาลงจากเครื่องบิน
ก็แค่ครอบครัว แม่ พ่อ ลูก เดินตรงทางเดิน
คุยกันเกี่ยวกับที่นั่ง ในฐานะเป็นผู้ชายชาวตะวันออกกลาง
ผมรู้ว่า มีบางอย่างที่ผมไม่ควรจะพูด
ในเครื่องบินในประเทศอเมริกา ใช่มั้ยครับ
ผมไม่น่าจะทำ เช่น ขณะเดินไปตามทางเดิน
แล้วก็ไปทักทายว่า "ไฮ แจ็ก" คุณก็รู้ว่า มันไม่เจ๋ง
ถึงแม้ผมอยู่ที่นั่นกับเพื่อนชื่อ แจ็ค ผมก็ต้องทักทายว่า
"ทักทายครับ แจ็ก คารวะครับ แจ็ก"
อย่าไปทักว่า "ไฮ แจ็ค" เป็นอันขาด
(หัวเราะ)
แต่ตอนนี้ เห็นได้ชัดว่า เราพูดไม่ได้แม้เรื่องเกี่ยวกับ
ที่นั่งที่ปลอดภัยที่สุดในเครื่องบิน
ดังนั้นคำแนะนำของผมสำหรับเพื่อนๆตะวันออกกลางและเพื่อนๆมุสลิม
Vietnamese:
Và tôi ước rằng nhiều người Mỹ sẽ du lịch đến đây. Tôi luôn khuyến khích các bạn mình:
Hãy du lịch, nhìn tận mắt Trung Đông, có rất nhiều thứ để xem, rất nhiều người tốt.
Và ngược lại, nó giúp ngăn chặn xảy ra vấn đề
về hiểu lầm và định kiến.
Ví dụ, tôi không biết bạn đã nghe qua chưa,
cách đây không lâu ở Mỹ, có một gia đình Hồi giáo
đi xuống lối đi trên máy bay
nói chuyện về nơi an toàn nhất để ngồi.
Một số hành khách nghe thoáng qua, không may hiểu sai
cho rằng đó là một cuộc nói chuyện khủng bố và họ bị đuổi khỏi máy bay
Chỉ là một gia đình, bố, mẹ và con, đi xuống lối đi
bàn về chỗ ngồi. Bây giờ với tư cách là một người đàn ông Trung Đông
tôi biết có những điều không nên nói
trên máy bay ở Mỹ đúng không?
Tôi không nên, kiểu như đi dọc xuống lối đi
và nói "Không, Tặc". Bạn biết đấy, điều đó chẳng hay.
Ngay cả khi tôi đi cùng một anh bạn tên là Tặc, tôi sẽ nói,
Tôi sẽ nói "Đừng, Tặc. Chớ làm thế, Tặc."
Không bao giờ "Không, Tặc"
(Cười)
Nhưng bây giờ có vẻ như đến chỗ ngồi an toàn nhất trên máy bay
ta cũng chẳng được nói.
Cho nên lời khuyên của tôi cho những người bạn Trung Đông và Hồi giáo
Latvian:
Es vēlot kaut vairāk amerikāņu te ierastos. Es vienmēr mudinu savus draugus:
Ceļojiet, apskatiet Tuvos Austrumus, te ir tik daudz ko redzēt, tik daudz labu cilvēku.
Un otrādi, tas novērš
nesaprašanās problēmas un stereotipus.
Piemēram, nezinu, vai ko tādu esat dzirdējuši,
pirms kāda laiciņa ASV bija kāda musulmaņu ģimene,
kas gāja pa lidmašīnas eju un
runāja par drošāko vietu, kur sēdēt lidmašīnā.
Daži pasažieri viņus izdzirdēja, kaut kā nepareizi interpretēja
to kā teroristu sarunas un panāca, ka viņus izmet no lidmašīnas.
Tā bija ģimene, māte, tēvs un bērns, kas gāja pa eju,
runādāmi par sēdvietām. Kā Tuvo Austrumu vīrietis,
es zinu, ka ir konkrētas lietas, par kurām nav pieņemts runāt
ASV lidmašīnā, vai ne?
Man nevajadzētu arī doties pa eju
un teikt „Hei, Džek.” (hijack — 'nolaupīt'). Tas nav forši.
Pat ja esmu tur ar draugu, kuru sauc Džeks, es saku:
„Sveiks, Džek. Sveicināts, Džek.”
Nekad „Hei, Džek.”
(Smiekli)
Taču nu acīmredzot mēs nevaram pat runāt
par drošāko vietu, kur sēdēt lidmašīnā.
Tādēļ mans padoms visiem maniem Tuvo Austrumu un musulmaņu draugiem,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Και εύχομαι να μπορούσαν περισσότεροι
Αμερικανοί να ταξιδέψουν εδώ.
Πάντοτε ενθαρρύνω τους φίλους μου:
Ταξιδέψτε στη Μέση Ανατολή,
υπάρχουν τόσα πράγματα να δείτε
και τόσοι πολλοί ωραίοι άνθρωποι εκεί.
Η παρότρυνση ισχύει και αντίστροφα και
επιπλέον, βοηθάει στην επίλυση προβλημάτων,
παρεξηγήσεων και αποτρέπει τη δημιουργία στερεοτύπων.
Για παράδειγμα, δεν ξέρω αν το έχετε ακούσει,
πριν από λίγο καιρό, στις ΗΠΑ, ήταν μία οικογένεια Μουσουλμάνων
στο διάδρομο ενός αεροπλάνου
και αναρωτιόντουσαν ποιό σημείο του αεροπλάνου ήταν το ασφαλέστερο για να καθήσουν.
Κάποιοι επιβάτες ψιλοάκουσαν την κουβέντα,
την παρερμήνευσαν θεωρώντας ότι μιλούσαν για τρομοκρατικό χτύπημα
και κατάφεραν να εκδιωχθεί η οικογένεια από το αεροσκάφος.
Ήταν μια οικογένεια, η μητέρα, ο πατέρας
και το παιδί που συζητούσαν για τις θέσεις.
Ως άντρας που κατάγομαι από τη Μέση Ανατολή,
γνωρίζω πως κάποιες λέξεις πρέπει να τις αποφεύγω
όταν βρίσκομαι μέσα σε ένα αεροπλάνο στις ΗΠΑ, σωστά;
Για παράδειγμα, αν περπατάω στο διάδρομο
δεν μπορώ να πω, «Χάι Τζακ».
Καθόλου καλή ιδέα.
(Γέλια)
Ακόμη και αν δίπλα μου ήταν ο φίλος μου ο Τζακ,
θα έλεγα «Χαιρετίσματα Τζακ. Γεια χαρά Τζακ».
Ποτέ «Χάι Τζακ».
(Γέλια)
Προφανώς έχουμε φτάσει στο σημείο που δεν μπορούμε να μιλήσουμε
ούτε καν για το ασφαλέστερο
σημείο ενός αεροπλάνου.
Λοιπόν, η συμβουλή μου σε όλους τους Μουσουλμάνους φίλους και τους φίλους από τη Μέση Ανατολή
Dutch:
Ik wou dat meer Amerikanen hierheen reisden.
Ik moedig mijn vrienden altijd aan.
Reis hierheen, er is zoveel te zien,
zoveel goede mensen.
Het is wederzijds.
Het helpt problemen voorkomen
van onbegrip en stereotiepen.
Ik weet niet of je dit bijvoorbeeld hebt gehoord:
kort geleden was er in de VS
een moslimfamilie
die door het gangpad van een vliegtuig liep
en praatte over de veiligste zitplaats op het vliegtuig.
Sommige passagiers hoorden dat,
vatten het verkeerd op,
als terroristenpraat,
en ze werden van het vliegtuig gegooid.
Het was een familie: moeder, vader, kind,
die het gangpad afliep
en praatte over de zitplaats.
Als man uit het Midden-Oosten
weet ik dat ik sommige dingen
niet moet zeggen
op een vliegtuig in de VS.
Ik kan beter niet
het gangpad aflopen
en zeggen: "Hi, Jack." (vert.: kapen)
Dat is niet leuk.
Zelfs niet als ik met mijn vriend Jack reis.
Ik zeg: "Groeten, Jack.
Gegroet, Jack."
Nooit "Hi, Jack."
(Gelach)
Maar nu kunnen we zelfs niet praten
over de veiligste zitplaats op een vliegtuig.
Mijn advies aan alle vrienden uit het Midden-Oosten
en moslims,
French:
Et je souhaiterais que plus d'Américains viennent ici.
J'encourage toujours mes amis :
Voyagez, visitez le Moyen Orient, il y a tellement de choses à voir, tant des gens bien.
Et c'est réciproque, et ça évite les problèmes
d'incompréhension et de stéréotypes.
Par exemple, je ne sais pas si vous en entendu parler,
il ya a quelques temps aux États-Unis,
une famille musulmane
marchait dans l'allée d'un avion
en parlant de l'endroit le plus sûr
où s'asseoir dans l'avion.
Certains passagers les ont entendus,
ont mal interprété ça
comme des propos terroristes
et les ont fait expulser de l'avion.
C'était une famille, une mère, un père, un enfant,
qui marchaient dans l'allée,
en parlant de places.En tant que mâle moyen-oriental,
je sais qu'il y a certaines choses
qu'il faut éviter de dire
en avion aux États-Unis, vous voyez ?
Je ne suis pas censé marcher dans l'allée,
et dire, « Hi, Jack ». [NdT hijack= détournement]
Vous savez, ce n'est pas cool.
Même si je suis là avec mon ami nommé Jack, je dis,
« Bonjour, Jack. Salutations, Jack. »
Jamais « Hi, Jack. »
(Rires)
Mais maintenant apparemment
on ne peut même pas parler
de l'endroit le plus sûr où s'asseoir dans un avion.
Donc mon conseil à tous mes amis du Moyen-Orient
et mes amis musulmans
Portuguese:
E eu desejaria que mais americanos viajassem até aqui. Eu sempre encorajo meus amigos:
Viaje, veja o Oriente Médio, há muito a ser visto, muitas pessoas boas.
E vice-versa, pois isso ajuda a fazer com que problemas
de desentendimento e estereotipo não aconteçam mais.
Por exemplo, eu nao sei se vocês ouviram algo a respeito,
mas a um tempo atrás nos EUA, uma família Islamica
estava caminhando pelo corredor do avião
falando sobre a parte mais segura para se sentar no avião.
Outros passageiros escutaram a conversa e interpretaram
como sendo conversas de terroristas e por isso os chutaram para fora do avião.
era apenas uma família, a mãe, pai, filho, andando entre os corredores,
falando sobre os assentos do avião. Agora, sendo eu um homem do Oriente Médio,
eu sei que há certas coisas que eu não deveria dizer
dentro de um avião nos EUA, certo?
Eu não poderia por exemplo, caminhar entre os assentos,
e tipo assim, dizer "Hi Jack" [siginifica sequestro]. Vocês sabem que isso não é legal.
Mesmo se eu estiver lá com o meu amigo que se chama Jack, eu devo dizer
"Saudações Jack. Olá Jack."
mas jamais diga "Hi, Jack"
(Risos)
Mas agora aparentemente nós não podemos nem conversar
sobre os assentos mais seguros do avião.
então meu conselho para todos os meus amigos do Oriente Médio e amigos muçulmanos
Bulgarian:
И ми се иска повече американци да пътуват до тук. Винаги препоръчвам това на моите приятели:
Пътувайте, разгледайте Близкия изток, има много какво да се види, толкова много добри хора.
И обратното. Това помага да се избегнат проблемите
свързани с недоразумения и стереотипи.
Например, не знам дали сте чували за това,
неотдавна в САЩ едно мюсюлманско семейство
върви по пътеката между седалките в самолета
и говори за най-безопасното място за сядане в самолета.
Някои пътници дочуват разговора, и по някакъв начин
изтълкували това като терористичен разговор, свалят семейството от самолета.
Това е едно семейство, майка, баща, дете, които вървят между седалките и
си говорят за мястото за сядане. Сега, като мъж от Близкия изток,
знам, че има някои неща, които не трябва да казвам
на самолет в САЩ?
Не трябва, например, да вървя между седалките и
да викам: "Хай, Джак" (игра на думи hijack=отвличам самолет). Нали, това не е готино.
Дори, ако аз съм там с моя приятел на име Джак, казвам,
"Здрасти, Джак. Поздрави, Джак."
Никога "Хай, Джак."
(Смях)
Но вече очевидно не можем дори да говорим за
най-безопасното място за сядане в самолета.
Така че моят съвет към всички мои приятели от Близкия изток и мюсюлмански приятели
Russian:
Хорошо бы, если бы
больше американцев сюда приезжало.
Я своим друзьям говорю:
«Поезжайте на Ближний Восток.
Там столько интересного. И люди хорошие».
И наоборот. Это помогает избегать проблем
непонимания и создания стереотипов.
Например, не знаю, слышали ли вы эту историю.
Недавно был случай:
в США одна мусульманская семья
садилась в самолёт, они шли по салону
и разговаривали о том,
где безопаснее всего сидеть.
Другие пассажиры их услышали,
по своему истолковали услышанное,
как разговор террористов,
и их сняли с рейса.
Простая семья: мать, отец, и ребёнок
шли по салону в самолёте
и разговаривали о том, где лучше сидеть.
Будучи мужчиной
ближневосточной внешности, я знаю,
что есть вещи, которые мне лучше в США
в самолёте не произносить, так ведь?
Например, когда я иду по проходу,
лучше мне не кричать:
«Привет, Джек». Это не круто.
[приветствие звучит как «угон»]
Даже если со мной мой друг
по имени Джек, лучше я скажу:
«Приветствую тебя, Джек»
или «Здравствуй, Джек».
Никак не «Привет, Джек».
(Смех)
Но теперь, похоже,
нам даже нельзя поговорить о том,
где безопаснее всего сидеть в самолёте.
Так что вот мой совет всем моим
ближневосточным друзьям и друзьям-мусульманам,
English:
And I wish more Americans
would travel here.
I always encourage my friends:
"Travel, see the Middle East,
there's so much to see,
so many good people."
And it's vice versa,
and it helps stop problems
of misunderstanding
and stereotypes from happening.
For example, I don't know
if you heard about this,
a little while ago in the US,
there was a Muslim family
walking down the aisle of an airplane,
talking about the safest place
to sit on the plane.
Some passengers overheard them,
somehow misconstrued that
as terrorist talk,
got them kicked off the plane.
It was a family, a mother, father, child,
talking about the seating.
As a Middle Eastern male,
I know there's certain things
I'm not supposed to say
on an airplane in the US, right?
I'm not supposed to be
walking down the aisle,
and be like, "Hi, Jack." That's not cool.
(Laughter)
Even if I'm there with my friend
named Jack, I say,
"Greetings, Jack. Salutations, Jack."
Never "Hi, Jack."
(Laughter)
But now, apparently we can't even talk
about the safest place
to sit on an airplane.
So my advice to all my Middle Eastern
friends and Muslim friends
Croatian:
I volio bih kad bi više Amerikanaca
putovalo ovamo. Uvijek sam poticao prijatelje:
„Putujte, pogledajte Bliski istok; ondje ima
toliko toga za vidjeti, toliko dobrih ljudi.“
To ide i u obrnutom smjeru, pomaže
da uopće ne dođe do problema
pogrešnog razumijevanja i stereotipa.
Na primjer, ne znam jeste li čuli,
nedavno je u SAD-u muslimanska obitelj
hodala prolazom u zrakoplovu
razgovarajući o najsigurnijem
mjestu za sjesti u avionu.
Čuli su ih neki putnici, pogrešno zaključili
da se radi o terorističkom razgovoru
i tražili su da ih se izbaci iz aviona.
To je bila obitelj: majka, otac i dijete.
Hodali su zrakoplovom
i razgovarali o sjedenju.
Kao muškarac s Bliskog istoka,
znam da postoje određene stvari koje ne smijem reći
u zrakoplovu u SAD-u, zar ne?
Ne smijem, recimo, hodati prolazom između sjedala
i reći: „Hej, Jack!“ Znate, to nije cool.
Čak i ako sam sa svojim prijateljem
koji se zove Jack, kažem:
,,Zdravo, Jack! Pozdrav, Jack!“
Nikada „Hej, Jack!“ (hijack - otmica)
(Smijeh)
No sada, očito, više ne smijemo razgovarati
ni o najsigurnijem mjestu u zrakoplovu.
Dakle, moj je savjet svim prijateljima
s Bliskog istoka, prijateljima muslimanima
Portuguese:
E eu desejaria que mais americanos viajassem até aqui. Eu sempre encorajo meus amigos:
Viaje, veja o Oriente Médio, há muito a ser visto, muitas pessoas boas.
E vice-versa, pois isso ajuda a fazer com que problemas
de desentendimento e estereotipo não aconteçam mais.
Por exemplo, eu nao sei se vocês ouviram algo a respeito,
mas a um tempo atrás nos EUA, uma família Islamica
estava caminhando pelo corredor do avião
falando sobre a parte mais segura para se sentar no avião.
Outros passageiros escutaram a conversa e interpretaram
como sendo conversas de terroristas e por isso os chutaram para fora do avião.
era apenas uma família, a mãe, pai, filho, andando entre os corredores,
falando sobre os assentos do avião. Agora, sendo eu um homem do Oriente Médio,
eu sei que há certas coisas que eu não deveria dizer
dentro de um avião nos EUA, certo?
Eu não poderia por exemplo, caminhar entre os assentos,
e tipo assim, dizer "Hi Jack" [siginifica sequestro]. Vocês sabem que isso não é legal.
Mesmo se eu estiver lá com o meu amigo que se chama Jack, eu devo dizer
"Saudações Jack. Olá Jack."
mas jamais diga "Hi, Jack"
(Risos)
Mas agora aparentemente nós não podemos nem conversar
sobre os assentos mais seguros do avião.
então meu conselho para todos os meus amigos do Oriente Médio e amigos muçulmanos
Chinese:
我希望更多的美国人来这里旅游。我经常鼓励我的朋友：
去那里旅行吧，看下中东，那里有很多值得看的东西，还有可爱的人民。
反过来也一样，它有助于阻止因误会以及
陈旧观念产生的问题。
例如，我不知道你们是否听过这个故事，
不久前，在美国，有个穆斯林家庭
正走下飞机的通道，
谈论着飞机上最安全的位置。
一些在他们上方的乘客，不知为何，将这误解为
恐怖分子的谈话，把他们踢下了飞机。
这是一家人，妈妈，爸爸，孩子，在从通道走下来
在谈论座位的问题。现在作为一个中东男性，
我知道有一些事情不应该在美国的航班上讨论
对吧？
当我走下通道时
我似乎不应该说，”嗨，杰克“，”因为这并不酷
即使我在这里，我称呼我的名叫Jack的朋友，我说
"你好，杰克，你好，杰克"
从不”嗨，杰克“
（大笑）
但是现在很明显我们甚至不能谈论
飞机上最安全的座位。
所以我给我所有中东的以及穆斯林的朋友的建议
Portuguese:
Gostava que mais americanos viessem aqui.
Encorajo sempre os meus amigos:
"Vão ao Médio Oriente.
Há tanto para ver, pessoas boas."
E é recíproco, e ajuda a evitar problemas,
como equívocos e estereótipos.
Por exemplo, não sei
se ouviram falar disto.
Há uns tempos nos EUA,
uma família muçulmana
ia a andar pelo corredor num avião
a falar sobre o lugar mais
seguro onde se sentar num avião.
Alguns passageiros ouviram a
conversa e, não sei como,
interpretaram-na
como uma conversa terrorista,
e eles foram expulsos do avião.
Era uma família, a mãe, o pai,
uma criança, pelo corredor
e a falar sobre onde se sentarem.
Como homem do Médio Oriente,
sei que há coisas que não se pode dizer
num avião nos EUA.
Eu, por exemplo, não devo percorrer
o corredor e dizer: "Olá, Jack!"
Não é bom.
Mesmo se eu estivesse com
o meu amigo Jack, diria:
"Cumprimentos, Jack. Saudações, Jack."
Nunca "Olá, Jack."
(Risos)
Mas agora, aparentemente,
nem sequer podemos falar
sobre o sítio mais seguro
no avião para nos sentarmos.
O meu conselho para todos
os meus amigos muçulmanos,
Spanish:
Desearía que más
estadounidenses viajaran aquí.
Siempre animo a mis amigos:
Descubran el Medio Oriente,
hay tanto que ver, mucha gente buena.
Y viceversa y eso ayuda
a parar los problemas
de malentendidos y estereotipos
que puedan ocurrir.
Por ejemplo, no sé si habrán oído esto,
hace poco, en EE. UU.
una familia musulmana
estaba caminando
por el pasillo de un avión
hablando sobre el lugar
más seguro para sentarse.
Unos pasajeros de alguna manera
la malinterpretaron
como una conversación terrorista,
y les echaron del avión.
Una familia, madre, padre,
un niño caminando por el pasillo
hablando de los asientos.
Como hombre de Medio Oriente,
sé que hay ciertas cosas
que no debo decir
en un avión en EE. UU. ¿verdad?
No debo andar por el pasillo.
y decir "hola, Jack."
No está bien.
Incluso si estoy con mi amigo Jack digo:
"Saludos, Jack.
Saludos, Jack".
Nunca "Hola, Jack".
(Risas)
Pero ahora, parece ser que
no podemos ni hablar
del sitio más seguro del avión.
Mi consejo a todos mis amigos
de Medio Oriente y musulmanes
German:
Ich wünschte, mehr Amerikaner würden hierher
reisen. Ich sage immer wieder zu meinen Freunden:
Reist, besucht den Nahen Osten. Es gibt so viel
zu besichtigen und so viele gute Menschen.
Und genau so umgekehrt.
Es trägt dazu bei, Probleme
wie Missverständnisse und
Stereotypen auszuräumen.
Wie zum Beispiel, ich weiß nicht,
ob ihr davon gehört habt,
neulich ging in den USA
eine muslimische Familie
den Gang eines Flugzeugs hinunter
und sprach darüber, wo
wohl der sicherste Platz sei.
Einige Passagiere haben ihnen zugehört,
es irgendwie missverstanden,
es als Terroristengespräch ausgelegt und so wurden sie schließlich aus dem Flugzeug geworfen.
Es war eine Familie, Mutter, Vater, Kind,
die den Gang entlang gingen
und über die Plätze sprachen.
Als Mann aus dem Nahen Osten
ist mir bewusst, dass man bestimmte Dinge
in einem amerikanischen Flugzeug
nicht sagen sollte. Stimmt’s?
Ich sollte nicht den Gang lang laufen
und sagen: „Hi, Jack!“
Ich weiß, das ist nicht cool.
Selbst wenn ich mit meinem
Freund namens Jack dort bin, sage ich:
„Ich grüße dich, Jack. Servus, Jack.“
Niemals „Hi, Jack.“
(Gelächter)
Aber jetzt können wir
anscheinend nicht einmal mehr
über den sichersten Platz
in einem Flugzeug reden.
Also, mein Rat an meine Freunde aus dem
Nahen Osten und meine muslimischen Freunde
Persian:
امیدوارم آمریکائیهای بیشتری اینجا مسافرت کنن. همیشه دوستام رو تشویق می کنم:
سفر کنید، خاور میانه رو ببینید، خیلی چیزهای دیدنی هست، خیلی آدمهای خوبی هست.
و برعکسش هم صادقه.
این کمک می کنه سوء تفاهم ها و کلیشه ها حل شه.
مثلا، نمی دونم شنیدید،
چند وقت پیش در آمریکا،
یه خانواده مسلمون داشتن تو راهروی هواپیما راه می رفتن و
در مورد امن ترین صندلی برای نشستن صحبت می کردن.
بعضی مسافرها شنیدن، فکر کردن در مورد حمله تررویسی صحبت می کنن،
از هواپیما انداختنشون بیرون.
خانواده بودن! مادر و پدر و بچه، توی راهروی هواپیما، در مورد نشستن صحبت می کردن !
حالا به عنوان یه مرد خاور میانه ای،
می دونم که توی آمریکا یه چیزهایی رو نباید تو هواپیما بگم .
درسته؟
مثلا من نباید توی راهروی هواپیما که راه میرم،
بگم " های(سلام) جک". می دونید این اصلا خوب نیست.
حتی اگر با دوستم هستم که اسمش "جک" هست،
می گم " گریتینگز(سلام) جک" ."سلیوتیشنز(درود) جک".
هیچوقت نمی گم " های (سلام) جک".
(خنده حضار)
اما انگار دیگه حتی نمی تونیم
در مورد امن ترین صندلی توی هواپیما هم صحبت کنیم.
پس نصیحت من به همه دوستای خاور میانه ای و مسلمونا و
Indonesian:
Dan saya harap lebih banyak orang Amerika mau ke sini. Saya selalu mendorong teman-teman saya:
Pergilah, kungjungilah Timur Tengah, ada banyak hal yang bisa dilihat, ada banyak orang baik.
Dan juga sebaliknya, itu membantu menyelesaikan masalah
terjadinya kesalahpahaman dan praduga.
Contohnya, saya tidak tahu apa Anda pernah mendengarnya,
beberapa saat yang lalu di Amerika ada sebuah keluarga Muslim
yang berjalan di lorong pesawat
dan berbicara tentang posisi paling aman di dalam pesawat.
Beberapa penumpang mendengar mereka, dan entah kenapa menganggapnya
sebagai pembicaraan teroris, dan membuat mereka diusir dari pesawat.
Itu adalah sebuah keluarga dengan ayah, ibu, anak, yang berjalan di lorong
dan berbicara tentang tempat duduk. Sebagai seorang pria Timur Tengah,
saya tahu ada beberapa hal yang seharusnya tidak saya ucapkan
di atas pesawat Amerika, ya kan?
Saya tidak boleh, misalnya, saat berjalan di lorong,
mengatakan, "Hai Jack" (Membajak). Itu nggak asik.
Meski saya bersama teman saya yang bernama Jack, saya akan berkata,
"Salam, Jack. Hormat, Jack.".
Tidak pernah, "Hai, Jack"
(Tertawa)
Tapi kini sepertinya kita bahkan tidak dapat berbicara
tentang tempat yang paling aman di pesawat.
Jadi saran saya kepada semua teman-teman Timur Tengah dan Muslim
Italian:
E vorrei che più americani potessero venire qui. Io incoraggio sempre i miei amici:
Viaggia, vedi il Medio Oriente, c'è così tanto da vedere, così tante persone buone.
E viceversa, e questo aiuta a non far sorgere problemi
di incomprensione e legati agli stereotipi.
Ad esempio, non so se l'avete sentito,
un po' di tempo fa negli Stati Uniti c'era una famiglia musulmana
che camminava nel corridoio di un aereo
e parlava del posto più sicuro dove sedersi in aereo.
Qualcuno li sentì, in qualche modo lo scambiò
per un discorso tra terroristi, e li fece cacciare dall'aereo.
Era una famiglia, una madre, un padre, un bambino, che camminavano lungo il corridoio,
discutendo su dove sedersi. Da maschio mediorientale,
so che ci sono delle cose che non dovrei dire
su un aereo negli Stati Uniti, giusto?
Non dovrei, tipo, camminare lungo il corridoio,
e fare, "Ciao, Jack." Sapete, non va bene.
Anche se sono lì con il mio amico Jack, dico,
"Salve, Jack. Buongiorno, Jack."
Mai "Ciao, Jack."
(Risate)
Ma ora pare che non possiamo neanche parlare
del posto più sicuro dove sederci in aereo.
Perciò il mio consiglio ai miei amici mediorientali e musulmani
iw:
והלוואי שיותר אמריקאים היו באים הנה.
אני תמיד מעודד את חברי:
סעו, תבקרו במזרח התיכון,
יש המון מה לראות, המון אנשים טובים.
וזה כך גם להיפך,
וזה עוזר למנוע בעיות
של אי-הבנה וסטריאוטיפים.
לדוגמה, אני לא יודע
אם שמעתם על זה,
לפני זמן-מה, בארה"ב,
בני משפחה מוסלמית אחת
הלכו במעבר בתוך המטוס
ודיברו על המקום
שהכי בטוח לשבת בו במטוס.
כמה נוסעים שמעו אותם,
טעו בהבנת הדברים
חשבו שהם מחבלים,
דאגו לסלק אותם מהמטוס.
זו היתה משפחה: אם, אב, ילד,
שהלכו במעבר
ודיברו על מקומות הישיבה.
בתור זכר בן המזרח התיכון,
ברור לי שיש דברים
שאסור לי לומר
כשאני נמצא במטוס בארה"ב, נכון?
אני לא אמור, למשל,
להתהלך לי במעבר
ולהגיד משהו כמו, "היי, ג'ק."
זה לא בסדר.
אפילו אם זה החבר שלי, ג'ק,
אני אומר,
"ברכות, ג'ק. איחולי, ג'ק."
חס וחלילה "היי, ג'ק."
[צחוק]
אך מסתבר שהיום אסור לנו
לדבר אפילו
על המקום שהכי בטוח
לשבת בו במטוס.
אז עצתי לכל חברי,
בני המזרח התיכון והמוסלמים
Ukrainian:
Добре було б, якби більше американців
приїжджали сюди.
Я завжди підбадьорюю своїх друзів:
«Подорожуйте Близьким Сходом,
там так багато цікавого можна побачити,
так багато хороших людей».
І навпаки. Це допомагає уникати проблем
непорозуміння і виникнення стереотипів.
Наприклад, я не знаю, чи ви чули
коли-небудь про це, але
нещодавно був випадок у США,
мусульманська сім`я
сідала в літак, вони йшли по проходу
і розмовляли про те,
де буде найбезпечніше сидіти.
Інші пасажири почули їх
і неправильно зрозуміли почуте,
думали, що це розмова терористів,
і їх зняли з рейсу.
Це була звичайна сім`я: мама, тато і дитина йшли по салону і обговорювали, де краще сидіти.
Як чоловік близькосхідної зовнішності,
я знаю, що є речі, які в США в літаку
краще не говорити,
чи не так?
Коли я йду по проходу, мені краще
не говорити такі речі як:
«Привіт, Джеку» або «Хай, Джеку». Це не круто, зовсім не круто. [Вітання звучить як «Викрадення»].
(Сміх)
Навіть якщо зі мною друг, якого звати Джек,
краще я скажу:
«Вітаю тебе, Джек» чи «Здоров, Джек».
Але ніколи не «Привіт, або Хай Джек».
(Сміх)
Але тепер ми не можемо навіть поговорити
про те, де найбезпечніші місця в літаку.
Тому ось порада всім моїм друзям з Близького Сходу і друзям мусульманам,
Polish:
Chciałbym, by więcej Amerykanów tu podróżowało.
Zachęcam do tego znajomych.
Podróżujcie na Bliski Wschód,
tak wiele tam do zobaczenia, tyle dobrych ludzi.
I vice versa.
A to pomaga w rozwiązywaniu problemu
niezrozumienia kulturowego i stereotypów.
Na przykład,
nie wiem, czy słyszeliście,
nie tak dawno w USA,
muzułmańska rodzina
przechodziła wzdłuż rzędu siedzeń w samolocie,
rozmawiając o najbezpieczniejszym
miejscu do siedzenia,
jacyś pasażerowie podsłuchali o czym mówili
i opacznie zrozumieli,
że to rozmowa terrorystów,
przez co wyrzucono ich z samolotu.
To była cała rodzina. Matka, ojciec,
dziecko, w przejściu
dyskutowali o siedzeniach.
Jako mężczyzna z Bliskiego Wschodu,
wiem, że są pewne rzeczy,
których nie powinienem mówić
w samolocie do USA.
Nie powinienem wchodzić korytarzem
i mówić: " Pozdrów Anię - Por Wanie!"
Nawet jeśli znam jakąś Anię, mówię:
"Pozdrowienia dla Ani,
uściski dla Ani."
Nigdy: " Pozdrów Anię."
(Śmiech)
Najwidoczniej nie możemy dyskutować
na temat najbezpieczniejszego
miejsca w samolocie.
Zatem, moja rada dla wszystkich pochodzących
z Bliskiego Wschodu i muzułmańskich znajomych,
Chinese:
我希望更多美國人會來這裡旅行，
我總是鼓勵我的朋友們：
去旅行，去看看中東，那裡有
許多東西可看，許多很棒的人。
反之亦然，它有助於消除
由誤解和成見所造成的問題。
例如，我不知道你們是否聽過這事，
前陣子在美國，有一個穆斯林家庭
在飛機走道上邊走邊聊，
他們聊到飛機上最安全的座位，
一些乘客聽到他們說話，
誤以為那是關於恐怖份子的對話，
於是把他們趕下飛機。
那是一個家庭，
母親、 父親、 孩子，
他們走在過道上，
聊著座位的事。現在，作為一個中東男人，
我知道在美國的飛機上
有某些東西我不應該說，是吧？
比如說，我不應該走在走道上說：
「嗨，傑克。」你知道，這一點都不酷。（聲同劫機）
就算我和我的朋友傑克在一起，我會說：
「傑克，我向你致上問候。」
從來不是「嗨，傑克。」
（笑聲）
但現在顯然我們甚至不能談論
飛機上最安全的座位！
所以我給我所有中東和穆斯林朋友
Chinese:
以及所有看上去像中东或者穆斯林的人
例如，印度人，拉丁人
每个棕色皮肤的人
这是我给我棕色皮肤朋友们的建议
下一次你再在美国乘坐飞机，
就讲母语好了。
这样的话，没人知道你在说什么。该怎么样就怎么样。
但是，一些母语对于一般的美国人
听上去会觉得有些恐怖，不是吗？
当你走下通道时说着阿拉伯语，
你可能会吓坏他们，如果你一边走着，一边”巴拉巴拉巴拉“。
他们会说”你们在谈论什么？“
所以（我给予）我阿拉伯兄弟姐妹们的解决方法就是
当你走下通道时，你就随便胡乱说点好词
来让别人放轻松。
就像你走下来时”巴拉巴拉巴拉（阿拉伯语）“
草莓！”
（大笑）
”巴拉巴拉巴拉（阿拉伯语）“--彩虹！“
”巴拉巴拉巴拉（阿拉伯语）--水果冰淇淋”
“我想他大概想劫持一架装满冰淇淋的飞机”
Persian:
هر کسی که شبیه اوناست،
می دونید، هندی ها، لاتین ها، هر کسی،
اگر رنگ پوستتون قهوه ایه...
نصیحت من به دوستای قهوه ای رنگم اینه:
دقعه بعد که تو آمریکا سوار هواپیما میشین،
زبون مادریتون رو صحبت کنید.
اینجوری هیچ کس نمی فهمه چی می گین و زندگی ادامه پیدا می کنه.
با این حال، بعضی زبانها ممکنه
به گوش مردم عادی آمریکا مشکوک بیاد. درسته؟
اگر دارین تو راهروی هواپیما راه میرین و عربی صحبت می کنید،
ممکنه اونا رو بترسونین، داری راه میری می گی " اهمهلن خهلن مهلن خهلن"
ممکنه بگن " داره چی می گه؟"
پس برای خواهرها و برادرهای عربم، نکته اینه که
باید چند تا کلمه خوب اون وسطا بگین تا مردم خیالشون راحت شه،
همونطور که تو راهروی هواپیما راه میرین.
همونطور که راه میرین و می گین " اهمهلن خهلن مهلن خهلن"
بگین "توت فرنگی"
(خنده حضار)
"اهمهلن خهلن مهلن خهلن" "رنگین کمان"
"اهمهلن خهلن مهلن خهلن" "توتی فروتی"
اون وقت هم ممکنه بگن " فکر کنم این می خواد هواپیما رو بدزده، با بستنی"
Russian:
а также всем, кто имеет
ближневосточную или мусульманскую внешность.
Ну знаете, там, индийцы, латиноамериканцы,
да кто угодно коричневого цвета.
Вот мой совет моим коричневым друзьям.
В следующий раз,
оказавшись на борту самолёта в США,
разговаривайте на своём родном языке.
И никто не будет знать, о чём вы говорите.
Жизнь будет идти своим чередом.
Конечно, некоторые языки могут звучать
слегка угрожающе
для среднего американца, так?
Если вы идёте по салону самолёта
и говорите по-арабски,
вы можете испугать окружающих.
[Говорит по-арабски]
Они будут недоумевать:
«О чём это он говорит?»
Открою вам секрет,
мои арабские братья и сёстры.
Проходя по салону самолёта, вставляйте
в свою речь всякие приятные слова,
чтобы окружающим было комфортно.
Вот вы идёте: «[Имитирует арабскую речь]
клубника!»
(Смех)
«[Имитирует арабскую речь] радуга!»
«[Имитирует арабскую речь]
фруктовое мороженое!»
«Похоже, он собирается угнать самолёт
при помощи мороженого».
Hungarian:
és mindenkinek, aki közel-keletinek vagy muszlimnak néz ki,
szóval, tudják, indiaiaknak, latinoknak, mindenkinek,
ha barna bőrű --
íme a tanácsom barna bőrű barátaimnak:
ha legközelebb repülőgépre szállnak az USA-ban,
csak beszéljenek az anyanyelvükön.
Így senki sem érti, miről is beszélnek. Az élet megy tovább.
Mi tagadás, néhány anyanyelvi kifejezés
fenyegetően hangozhat az átlagos amerikainak, nem?
Ha a folyosón sétálva arabul beszélnek,
lehet, hogy attól kiborulnak, hogy sétál és "[arab],"
azt kérdezhetik: "Miről beszél ez?"
Szóval, a megoldás arab bátyáimnak és nővéreimnek,
dobjanak be találomra néhány jó szót az emberek megnyugtatására,
ahogy a folyosón sétálnak.
Mint például séta közben: "[Imitált arab] --
eper!"
(Nevetés)
"[Imitált arab] -- szivárvány!"
"[Imitált arab] -- Tutti Frutti!"
"Szerintem, mindjárt eltéríti a repülőgépet valami jégkrémmel."
Portuguese:
e mesmo aos que apenas se parecem fisicamente
tipo, vocês sabem, indianos e latinos, todo mundo,
se você tem esse tom amarronzado [de pele]
aqui vai meu conselho para meus amigos morenos.
Na próxima vez que você estiver em um avião dos EUA,
simplesmente fale na sua lingua materna.
Assim, ninguém sabe o que você está falando. A vida continua.
De praxe, algumas linguas maternas talvez soem
um pouco ameaçadoras para boa parte dos americanos, certo?
Se você caminhar entre os corredores do avião falado árabe,
você talvez os assuste, se você estiver caminhando "[arabe]"
talvez eles perguntem, "sobre o que ele está falando?"
Então a chave, para os meus irmãos e irmãs árabes,
você dever jogar palavras boas aleatóriamente para deixar as pessoas confortáveis
quando você passa pelos corredores.
E enquanto você caminha: "[imitando árabe] --
morangos!"
(Risos)
"[imitando árabe] -- arco-íris!"
"[imitando árabe] -- Tutti frutti!"
"Eu acho que ele vai sequestrar o avião com algum sorvete."
Romanian:
pentru oricine care arată ca din Orientul
Mijlociu sau ca un musulman,
deci pentru indieni și latino, oricine,
dacă ai tenul măsliniu –
(Râsete)
iată sfatul meu pentru prietenii
mei măslinii:
(Râsete)
Data viitoare când sunteți
într-un avion american,
vorbiți limba maternă.
Astfel, nimeni nu știe despre ce vorbiți.
Viața merge înainte.
(Râsete)
Garantat, unele limbi materne vor părea
amenințătoare pentru unii americani,
nu-i așa?
Dacă vă plimbați pe coridor vorbind araba,
s-ar putea să-i speriați dacă --
(Imitând limba arabă)
S-ar putea întreba:
„Oare despre ce vorbește?”
Cheia este, fraților mei arabi,
să rostiți la întâmplare cuvinte potrivite
pentru a detensiona lumea
când mergeți pe coridor.
Mergeți și --
(Imitând limba arabă)
Căpșuni!
(Râsete)
(Imitând limba arabă)
Curcubeu!
(Râsete)
(Imitând limba arabă)
Tutti Frutti!
(Râsete)
„Cred că va deturna avionul
cu un cornet de înghețată.”
(Râsete)
Spanish:
y a cualquiera que parezca
de Medio Oriente o musulmán,
como indios o latinos, cualquiera,
si eres marrón...
este es mi consejo
para mis amigos marrones,
la próxima vez que estés
en un avión en EE. UU.
habla tu legua materna.
De esta manera nadie sabrá
lo que estás diciendo. Y la vida sigue.
Es verdad, algunas lenguas pueden sonar
un poco amenazantes
para el estadounidense medio.
Si vas por el pasillo hablando árabe,
puede que los asustes,
si vas andando "[Árabe]"
pueden decir:
"¿De qué estará hablando?".
La clave para mis hermanos
y hermanas árabes,
es que digan de vez en cuando
una palabra bonita
para que la gente esté calmada
mientras van por el pasillo.
Van andando:
"[Imita el árabe]
¡fresa!".
(Risas)
"[Imita el árabe]
¡arco iris!".
"[Imita el árabe]
¡tutti-frutti!".
"Creo que va a secuestrar
el avión con helado".
Modern Greek (1453-):
αλλά και σε όλους όσοι μοιάζουν
Μουσουλμάνοι ή Άραβες,
δηλαδή, στους Ινδούς και τους Λατίνους,
σε όλους, αν είστε μελαχροινοί--
(Γέλια)
Αυτή είναι η συμβουλή μου
στους μελαχροινούς φίλους μου.
(Γέλια)
Την επόμενη φορά που θα βρεθείτε σε αεροπλάνο στις ΗΠΑ
απλά μιλήστε στη μητρική σας γλώσσα.
Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, κανένας δεν ξέρει
για τι πράγμα μιλάτε και η ζωή συνεχίζεται.
(Γέλια)
Όμως, μερικές μητρικές γλώσσες ίσως ακούγονται
λιγάκι απειλητικές στα αφτιά του μέσου Αμερικανού, σωστά;
Αν βαδίζετε στο διάδρομο και μιλάτε Αραβικά,
ίσως θα τους φρικάρετε --
(Μιμείται Αραβικά)
Ίσως αναρωτηθούν, «Για τι πράγμα μιλάει;»
Οπότε η λύση για τά αδέρφια μου τους Άραβες είναι
να πετάτε τυχαία όμορφες λέξεις για να αισθάνονται όλοι άνετα
καθώς βαδίζετε στο διάδρομο.
Έτσι όπως περπατάτε --
(Μιμείται Αραβικά)
Φράουλα!
(Γέλια)
(Μιμείται Αραβικά)
Ουράνιο τόξο!
(Γέλια)
(Μιμείται Αραβικά)
Τούτι φρούτι!
(Γέλια)
«Νομίζω πως θα κάνει
αεροπειρατεία με κάποιο παγωτό».
French:
et quiconque a une apparence
moyen-orientale ou musulmane,
donc, les Indiens et les Latinos, tout le monde,
si vous êtes brun--
voici mon conseil à mes amis de bruns.
La prochaine fois que vous serez
dans un avion aux États-Unis,
parlez dans votre langue maternelle.
De cette façon, personne ne sait ce que vous dites.
La vie continue.
Certes, certaines langues maternelles sonnent
un peu menaçantes pour l'Américain moyen.
Si vous marchez dans l'allée en parlant arabe,
vous pouvez les faire flipper, si vous marchez « [arabe] »
ils pourraient dire, « De quoi parle-t-il ? »
La clef, mes frères et soeurs Arabes,
est de lancer au hasard quelques jolis mots
pour mettre les gens à l'aise
quand vous marchez dans l'allée.
Pendant que vous marchez : "[imite l'arabe]--
fraise !"
(Rires)
"[imite l'arabe] -- Arc-en-ciel !"
"[imite l'arabe] -- Tutti Frutti! »
« Je pense qu'il va détourner l'avion avec une crème glacée. »
Kurdish:
و ئەوانەشی لە رۆژهەڵاتی یان موسڵمان دەکەن،
دەزانن، هندییەکان، لاتینییەکان،
هەموو کەس، ئەگەر پێستت قاوەییە...
(پێکەنین)
ئەم ئامۆژگارییە بۆ
هاوڕێ رەنگ قاوەییەکانمە.
(پێکەنین)
جاری داهاتوو کە لەناو
فرۆکەیەکیت لە ئەمریکا،
بە زمانی دایکت قسە بکە.
بەم شێوەیە کەس نازانێت چی
دەڵێیت و ژیان بەردەوام دەبێت.
(پێکەنین)
لەخۆیەوە، هەندێک زمان
هەڕەشە ئامێز دێنە بەرگوێی
هاوڵاتی ئەمریکی ئاسایی.
ئەگەر تۆ بە راڕەوەکەدا تێپەڕیت
و بە عەرەبی بدوێیت،
لەوانەیە بیان ترسێنیت.
(لاسایی کردنەوەی عەرەبی)
لەوانەیە بڵێن: ئەوە باسی چی دەکات؟
بۆیە چارەسەر، بۆ خوشک و برا عەرەبەکانم
جارجارە وشەیەکی هەرەمەکی
جوان تێکەڵ قسەکانیان بکەن
ئەو کاتەی بە راڕەوەکەدا تێدەپەڕن.
بۆ نمونە ئاوا تێدەپەڕیت...
(لاسایی کردنەوەی عەرەبی)
شلیک!
(پێکەنین)
(لاسایی کردنەوەی عەرەبی)
پەلکە زێڕینە!
(پێکەنین)
(لاسایی کردنەوەی عەرەبی)
شیرینی رەنگاورەنگ!
(پێکەنین)
وابزانم فرۆکەکە دەڕفێنێت
بە بەکارهێنانی دۆندرمە.
Turkish:
ve Ortadoğulu ve Müslüman görünüşlü herkese tavsiyem
buna hintliler, latinler, herkes
eğer kahverengi iseler --
İşte benim kahverengi arkadaşlarıma tavsiyem.
Bir sonraki sefere Amerika'da bir uçak içinde olduğunuz zaman
sadece kendi ana dilinizde konuşun.
Bu sayede kimse ne dediğinizi bilemez. Hayat devam eder.
Diyelim ki bazı ana diller sıradan Amerikalılar için
biraz tehditkar olabilir, değil mi?
Eğer bir uçağın koridorunda yürürken arapça konuşursanız,
onları korkutabilirsiniz, eğer yürüyorsanız, "(arapça)"
"Ne hakkında konuşuyor?" diyebilirler,
Yani benim arap kardeşlerim ve kızkardeşlerim için esas nokta,
uçağın koridorunda yürürken insanları rahatlatmak için
gelişigüzel kelimeler ekleyin.
Yürüdüğünüz sırada: "(arapçaya benzeterek) --
çilek!"
(Kahkahalar)
"(arapçaya benzeterek) -- gökkuşağı!"
"(arapçaya benzeterek) -- meyveli dondurma!"
"Sanırım uçağı dondurma ile kaçıracak."
Indonesian:
dan siapa saja yang terlihat seperti orang Timur Tengah atau Muslim,
seperti orang India, orang Amerika Latin, semuanya
kalau Anda berkulit coklat --
inilah saran saya bagi mereka yang berkulit coklat.
Lain kali jika Anda naik pesawat di Amerika,
bicaralah dalam bahasa Anda sendiri.
Jadi tidak ada yang tahu apa yang Anda bicarakan. Hidup terus berjalan.
Memang, beberapa bahasa terdengar
sedikit mengancam bagi orang Amerika biasa, bukan?
Kalau Anda berjalan di lorong sambil bicara bahasa Arab,
Anda bisa membuat mereka panik, jika Anda berjalan. "[Bahasa Arab],"
mereka mungkin berkata, "Apa yang dia bicarakan?"
Jadi kuncinya, bagi saudara-saudara Arab saya,
adalah mengucapkan kata bagus acak sekali-sekali untuk menenangkan mereka
saat Anda berjalan di lorong.
Jadi ketika Anda berjalan, "[meniru bahasa Arab] --
strawberi!"
(Tertawa)
"[meniru bahasa Arab] -- pelangi!"
"[meniru bahasa Arab] -- Tutti Frutti!"
"Saya rasa dia akan membajak pesawat dengan es krim."
Portuguese:
e mesmo aos que apenas se parecem fisicamente
tipo, vocês sabem, indianos e latinos, todo mundo,
se você tem esse tom amarronzado [de pele]
aqui vai meu conselho para meus amigos morenos.
Na próxima vez que você estiver em um avião dos EUA,
simplesmente fale na sua lingua materna.
Assim, ninguém sabe o que você está falando. A vida continua.
De praxe, algumas linguas maternas talvez soem
um pouco ameaçadoras para boa parte dos americanos, certo?
Se você caminhar entre os corredores do avião falado árabe,
você talvez os assuste, se você estiver caminhando "[arabe]"
talvez eles perguntem, "sobre o que ele está falando?"
Então a chave, para os meus irmãos e irmãs árabes,
você dever jogar palavras boas aleatóriamente para deixar as pessoas confortáveis
quando você passa pelos corredores.
E enquanto você caminha: "[imitando árabe] --
morangos!"
(Risos)
"[imitando árabe] -- arco-íris!"
"[imitando árabe] -- Tutti frutti!"
"Eu acho que ele vai sequestrar o avião com algum sorvete."
Czech:
a všem, kdo vypadají jako lidé z Blízkého východu nebo muslimové,
jako Indové, Hispánci, všichni,
kdo jsou snědí --
tady je má rada mým snědým přátelům.
Příště až budete v letadle v USA,
mluvte prostě svým mateřským jazykem.
Potom nikdo nebude vědět, co říkáte. Život jde dál.
Je pravda, že některé mateřské jazyky mohou znít
průměrnému Američanovi trochu výhružně, že?
Takže pokud jdete uličkou a mluvíte Arabsky,
možná je vyděsíte, když jdete: "[Arabsky],"
možná řeknou: "O čem mluví?"
Takže klíčem je, moji arabští bratři a sestry,
že do toho musíte zakomponovat dobrá slova, která lidi uklidní,
jak jdete uličkou.
Jednoduše jdete: "[Napodobuje arabštinu] --
jahoda!"
(Smích)
"[Napodobuje Arabštinu] -- duha!"
"[Napodobuje Arabštinu] -- Tutti Frutti!"
"Myslím, že se chystá unést letadlo pomocí nějaké zmrzliny."
English:
and anyone who looks
Middle Eastern or Muslim,
so to, you know, Indians, and Latinos,
everyone, if you're brown --
(Laughter)
Here's my advice to my brown friends.
(Laughter)
The next time you're
on an airplane in the US,
just speak your mother tongue.
That way no one knows
what you're saying. Life goes on.
(Laughter)
Granted, some mother tongues
might sound a little threatening
to the average American.
If you're walking
down the aisle speaking Arabic,
you might freak them out --
(Imitating Arabic)
They might say, "What's he talking about?"
The key, to my Arab brothers and sisters,
is to throw in random
good words to put people at ease
as you're walking down the aisle.
Just as you're walking down --
(Imitating Arabic)
Strawberry!
(Laughter)
(Imitating Arabic)
Rainbow!
(Laughter)
(Imitating Arabic)
Tutti Frutti!
(Laughter)
"I think he's going to hijack
the plane with some ice cream."
Hindi:
और कोई भी जो मध्य-पूर्वी
या मुस्लिम दिखता हो,
जैसे भारतीय, लातिनो,
हर कोई, यदि आप साँवलें हो ---
(हंसी)
मेरी सलाह है मेरे साँवलें दोस्तों को।
(हंसी)
अगली बार
जब हवाई जहाज पर हो, अमेरिका में,
केवल अपनी मातृभाषा बोलिये।
किसी को जानना नहीं आप क्या कह रहे हो।
जिंदगी चलती जाएगी।
(हंसी)
माना, कुछ मातृभाषाएं
आशंकित करती है
औसत अमेरिकी को।
यदि गलियारे में चल रहे हो
अरबी बोलते हुए,
हो सकता है वे आपसे घबरा जाय --
( अरबी लहज़े की नक़ल )
और कहने लगे,
"वह किस बारे में बात कर रहा है?"
उपाय, मेरे अरब भाइयों-बहनों,
है के कुछ अच्छे शब्द वार्तालाप में डालिये,
ताकि लोग निश्चिंत रहे
गलियारे से गुजरने के क्रम में।
यूँ ही आप गलियारे में चल रहे हैं --
( अरबी शैली की नक़ल )
स्ट्रॉबेरी !
(हंसी)
( अरबी शैली की नक़ल )
रेनबो !
(हंसी)
( अरबी शैली की नक़ल )
टूटी-फ्रूटी!
(हंसी)
"मुझे लगता है वह हाय-जैक
करने वाले है आइस-क्रीम से।"
Ukrainian:
і всім, хто виглядає як людина з Близького Сходу
чи мусульманин.
Ну, знаєте, там, індійці, латиноамериканці, та хто завгодно коричневого кольору.
(Сміх)
Ось моя порада всім моїм коричневим друзям.
(Сміх)
Наступного разу, коли опинитесь
у літаку в США,
просто говоріть своєю рідною мовою.
Таким чином ніхто не знає про що ви говорите.
Життя продовжується.
(Сміх)
Звичайно, деякі мови можуть
звучати погрозливо
для середньостатистичного американця.
Якщо ви йдете по проходу і говорите арабською,
ви налякаєте оточуючих.
(Імітує арабську)
Вони будуть здивовано питати:
«Про що вони говорять?»
Я вам відкрию секрет, мої арабські браття та сестри,
ідучи по літаку, вставляйте в свою мову
різні приємні слова,
щоб оточуючим було комфортно.
Просто коли йдете по літаку ---
(Імітує арабську)
Полуниця!
(Сміх)
(Імітує арабську)
Веселка!
(Сміх)
(Імітує арабську)
Туті Фруті! Морозиво!
(Сміх)
«Мені здається, що він викраде літак
за допомогою морозива».
Thai:
หรือใครก็ได้ ที่หน้าตาออกไปทางตะวันออกกลาง หรือมุสลิม
ก็หมายถึง ชาวอินเดีย ละติน ทุกคนนะครับ
ถ้าคุณมีผิวสีน้ำตาล
นี่คือคำแนะนำสำหรับเพื่อนผิวสีน้ำตาลของผม
คราวหน้าเมื่ออยู่บนเครื่องบินในอเมริกา
คุณแค่พูดภาษาแม่ของคุณครับ
วิธีนี้จะไม่มีใครเข้าใจว่าคุณพูดว่าอะไร ชีวิตก็จะเป็นปกติ
ในกรณีที่ ภาษาแม่อาจจะฟังเสียงดู
น่ากลัวสำหรับคนอเมริกันทั่วไป ใช่มั้ย
ถ้าคุณเดินไปตามทางแล้วพูดภาษาอาหรับ
คุณก็อาจจะทำให้พวกเขาตื่นกลัว ขณะกำลังเดินและพูด "(สำเนียงภาษาอาหรับ)"
พวกเขาอาจจะพูดว่า "เขาพูดเรื่องอะไรเนี่ย"
ดังนั้น หลักๆเลยนะครับ พี่่น้องชาวอาหรับ
คุณต้องสุ่มใช้คำพูดดีๆ เพื่อให้พวกเขารู้สึกผ่อนคลายไม่กังวล
ขณะที่คุณเดินอยู่ตรงทางเดิน
ตอนที่กำลังเดินก็พูด: "(สำเนียงภาษาอาหรับ)
สตรอเบอรี่! "
(หัวเราะ)
"(สำเนียงภาษาอาหรับ) -- สายรุ้ง!"
"(สำเนียงภาษาอาหรับ) -- เยลลี่ ปีโป้!"
" ฉันคิดว่าเขากำลังจะใช้ไอศครีมปล้นเครื่องบิน"
Polish:
oraz wszystkich podobnie wyglądających,
Hindusów, Latynosów, wszystkich,
lekko brązowych...
Moja rada brzmi:
"Następnym razem w samolocie do USA
po prostu mówcie w ojczystym języku."
W ten sposób nikt nie rozumie
co mówicie, a życie toczy się dalej.
Zgoda, pewne języki mogą brzmieć
trochę przerażająco dla przeciętnego Amerykanina.
Idąc wzdłuż przejścia w samolocie i mówiąc po arabsku
możecie ich wystraszyć...
(Udawany arabski)
Mogą pomyśleć:
"O czym oni mówią!?"
Kluczem do rozwiązania tej sytuacji,
moi arabscy bracia i siostry,
jest wtrącanie przypadkowych
ładnie brzmiących wyrazów, by ich uspokoić.
Idąc korytarzem...
Idąc korytarzem... "(Udawany arabski)...
Truskawka!"
(Śmiech)
"(Udawany arabski)... Tęcza!"
"(Udawany arabski)... Tutti Frutti!"
"Myślę, że ma zamiar porwać samolot... Lodem."
Chinese:
和任何看起來像中東或穆斯林人，
也包含，你知道的，印度人和拉丁美洲人的忠告是......
如果你是棕色的
這是我給我棕色朋友們的建議：
下一次你在美國的飛機上
就只說你的母語，
這樣就沒人知道你在說什麼了，繼續過生活。
但有些母語聽起來
對一般的美國民眾有點威脅性，是吧？
如果你在走道上說阿拉伯文，
你可能會惹火他們，如果你邊走邊說：「[阿拉伯文]」，
他們可能會問：「他在講什麽？」
所以，我的阿拉伯兄弟和姐妹們，關鍵是
你在走道上邊走邊說時，
一定要隨便丟出一些好詞
要讓人們放心。
像這樣邊走邊說：「[模仿阿拉伯文]— —
草莓！」
（笑聲）
「[模仿阿拉伯文]— —彩虹！」
「[模仿阿拉伯文]— —水果冰！」
「我想他打算用一些冰淇淋劫持飛機。」
Bulgarian:
и всеки, който изглежда като човек от Близкия изток или мюсюлманин,
и, индийци и латиноамериканци, всички,
ако сте кафяви--
ето моят съвет към моите кафяви приятели.
Следващия път, когато сте на самолет в САЩ,
просто говорете на майчиния си език.
По този начин, никой няма да знае какво казваш. Животът продължава.
Разбира се, някои майчини езици може да звучат
малко заплашително за средния американец, нали?
Ако минавате между седалките говорейки арабски,
можете да им изкарате ангелите, ако вървите, "[арабски]"
те може да кажат, "За какво говори той?"
Така че, важното, мои арабски братя и сестри,
е да изричате произволни добри думи, за да успокоите хората,
докато вървите по пътеката между седалките.
Както си вървите: "[имитирайки арабски]--
ягоди!"
(Смях)
"[Имитирайки арабски]--дъга!"
"[Имитирайки арабски]--тути фрути!"
"Мисля, че той ще отвлече самолета с малко сладолед."
German:
und an jeden, der so ähnlich aussieht,
also an die Inder
und Lateinamerikaner,
also an jeden mit brauner Hautfarbe –
hier mein Rat an meine Freunde
mit brauner Haut:
Wenn ihr das nächste Mal in
einem amerikanischen Flugzeug seid,
sprecht einfach eure Muttersprache.
So versteht keiner, was ihr sagt,
und das Leben geht weiter.
Zugegeben, dass einige Muttersprachen für
den Durchschnittsamerikaner
etwas bedrohlich klingen. Stimmt’s?
Wenn ihr den Gang entlang geht
und Arabisch sprecht,
könnte es sie verschrecken, wenn ihr
da seid und so was sagt wie: „[Arabisch]“,
sagen sie vielleicht:
„Worüber spricht er?“
Des Rätsels Lösung ist, meine
arabischen Brüder und Schwestern,
ab und zu gute Wörter einzustreuen,
um die Leute zu beruhigen,
wenn ihr den Gang hinunter geht.
Ihr geht also den Gang entlang
und sagt: „[Imitiert Arabisch] –
Erdbeere!“
(Schallendes Gelächter)
„[Imitiert Arabisch] – Regenbogen!“
„[Imitiert Arabisch] – Tutti Frutti!“
„Ich glaube, er wird das
Flugzeug mit Eiscreme entführen.“
Latvian:
un visiem, kuri izskatās arābiski vai musulmaniski,
tātad jums, indieši, latīņamerikāņi, visiem,
ja esat brūns,
lūk, mans padoms visiem maniem brūnajiem draugiem.
Nākamreiz, kad ASV esat lidostā
vienkārši runājiet savā dzimtajā valodā.
Tā neviens nesapratīs, par ko runājat. Dzīve neapstājas.
Saprotams, dažas valodas vidusmēra amerikānim
varētu izklausīties nedaudz biedējoši, vai ne?
Ja dodaties pa eju, runādams arābiski,
jūs viņus varētu pārbiedēt, ja ejat,”
[arābiski],”
viņi varētu nodomāt: „Ko gan viņš tur runā?”
Tādēļ galvenais, mani arābu brāļi un māsas,
jums, dodoties pa eju, pa vidam vajag izteikt kaut kādus labus vārdus,
lai cilvēkus nomierinātu.
Jums ejot: „[Atdarina arābu valodu]
zemene!”
(Smiekli)
„[Atdarina arābu valodu] — varavīksne!”
„[Atdarina arābu valodu] — Tutti Frutti!”
„Viņš laikam plāno nolaupīt lidmašīnu ar saldējumu.”
Japanese:
もしくはそう見えてしまう方―
インドの方とかラテン系の方とか
肌が浅黒い方 皆様へ
私からささやかなアドバイスがあります
次にアメリカで航空機に乗るときは
母国語で喋って下さい
そうすれば内容はばれませんから
安心ですね
でも アメリカ人が脅威を感じるような
言語も中にはありますよね？
通路を歩きながら
アラビア語を喋れば
少し怯える人もいるでしょう
「あいつらなんて言ってるんだ？」なんて
アラビア語話者の皆さん
いいですか
喋っている最中に 周りを安心させる
適当な単語を叫んでください
例えば 「(アラビア語の真似)―
―イチゴ！」
(笑)
「(アラビア語の真似)―虹！」
「(アラビア語の真似)―アイスクリーム！」
アメリカ人乗客:
「アイスクリームでハイジャックするんじゃないの」
Vietnamese:
và bất kì ai nhìn giống như Trung Đông hoặc Hồi giáo
bạn biết đấy, Ấn Độ và La-tinh, tất cả mọi người
nếu bạn có da nâu
đây là lời khuyên của tôi cho những người bạn da nâu.
Lần tới khi bạn ở trên máy bay ở Mỹ,
cứ nói tiếng mẹ đẻ của mình.
Như vậy không ai biết bạn đang nói gì. Cuộc sống sẽ diễn ra trôi chảy.
Cũng phải công nhận, một số ngôn ngữ nghe có vẻ đe dọa
đối với một người Mỹ bình thường đúng không?
Nếu bạn đi xuống lối đi và nói chuyện bằng tiếng Ả rập,
bạn có thể làm họ hoảng sợ, nếu bạn đang đi "[tiếng Ả rập]"
họ sẽ nói "Anh ta đang nói gì vậy?"
Vậy điều mấu chốt ở đây, đối với các anh chị em Ả rập,
bạn phải dùng những từ ngữ tốt đẹp linh tinh
để làm người ta yên tâm khi bạn đi xuống lối đi.
Kiểu là bạn đang đi: "[bắt chước tiếng Ả rập]"
"dâu tây!"
(Cười)
"[bắt chước tiếng Ả rập] -- cầu vồng!"
"[bắt chước tiếng Ả rập] -- Tutti Frutti!"
"Tôi nghĩ anh ta sẽ cướp máy bay bằng kem que."
Dutch:
iedereen die er Midden-Oosters of moslim uitziet,
weet je, Indiërs, Latino's, iedereen
die bruin is --
dit is mijn advies aan mijn bruine vrienden.
De volgende keer dat je op een vliegtuig in de VS zit,
spreek je gewoon je moedertaal.
Zo weet niemand wat je zegt.
Het leven gaat verder.
Oké, sommige moedertalen klinken
wat bedreigend voor de gemiddelde Amerikaan.
Als je het gangpad afloopt en Arabisch spreekt,
zal je ze misschien bang maken, als je loopt."
[Arabisch]
Misschien zeggen ze:
"Waar heeft hij het over?"
De sleutel, beste Arabische broeders en zusters,
is om willekeurige goede woorden in te lassen
om mensen op hun gemak te stellen
terwijl je het gangpad afloopt.
Gewoon terwijl je loopt:
"[Imiteert Arabisch] --
aardbei!"
(Gelach)
"[Imiteert Arabisch] -- regenboog!"
"[Imiteert Arabisch] -- tutti frutti!"
"Ik denk dat hij het vliegtuig gaat kapen
met een ijsje."
Serbian:
i svakome ko samo izgleda kao neko
sa Srednjek istoka ili kao Musliman,
znate, Indijci i južnoamerikanci, svi,
ako su tamne puti,
evo ga savet mojim prijateljima
tamne puti.
Sledeći put, kad ste u avionu
u Sjedinjenim Državama,
govorite samo maternjim jezikom.
Na taj način niko neće znati
o čemu pričate.
Život ide dalje.
Priznajem, neki maternji jezici
mogu zvučati
pomalo zastrašujuće
prosečnom Amerikancu, zar ne?
Ako šetate prolazom pričajući na arapskom,
možda ćete ih prestrašiti, ako govorite:
(Arapski)
Oni se mogu pitati:
"O čemu on priča?"
Dakle ključno je,
za moju Arapsku braću i sestre,
morate ubaciti i pokoju
nasumičnu dobru reč da ih opustite
dok šetate prolazom.
Kako se šetate prolazom:
"(Oponaša arapski) -
jagoda!"
(Smeh)
"(Oponaša Arapski) - duga!"
"(Oponaša Arapski) - Tutti Frutti!"
"Mislim da će oteti avion
sa nekim sladoledom."
Korean:
그리고 그렇게 생긴 모든 분들,
아시잖아요, 인도인들, 히스패닉,
혹시 피부색이 갈색이시라면 -
갈색 친구들에게 하는 충고입니다.
다음에 미국에서 비행기를 탈 때는,
그냥 본인의 모국어를 쓰세요.
그러면 주위에선 뭐라고 하는지
아무도 알아듣지 못할겁니다.
물론, 어떤 언어들은, 보통의 미국인들에게
영어보다 조금은 더 거칠게
들릴 수도 있습니다.
만약에 아랍어를 쓰며
통로를 지나가고 있다면,
그들을 공포에 빠드릴 수도 있겠죠. "[아랍어]"
"뭐라고 하는거야?" 그들이 묻겠죠.
그래서 제가 하고자 하는 말은,
나의 아랍 형제자매들이여,
가끔 좋은 단어들을 넣어
주위 사람들을 안심시켜야 합니다.
통로를 지날갈 때에는요,
걸어가면서 "[아랍어}
딸기!"
(웃음)
"[아랍어] - 무지개!"
"[아랍어] - 투티 프루티(Tutti Frutti)!"
"그가 아이스크림을 이용해
비행기를 납치하려는 것같아"
Portuguese:
e qualquer pessoa que pareça
muçulmana ou do Médio Oriente,
indianos e latinos, todos esses,
se forem castanhos...
aqui vai o meu conselho
para os meus amigos castanhos.
Da próxima vez
que estiverem num avião nos EUA,
falem apenas na vossa língua materna.
Assim, ninguém sabe do que
estão a falar. A vida continua.
Algumas línguas podem soar
um bocadinho ameaçadoras
para o americano comum.
Se forem a andar pelo corredor
e a falar árabe,
podem fazê-los perder a cabeça,
vão a andar e dizem "(árabe)"
e eles perguntam-se:
"De que está ele a falar?"
Portanto, o segredo, é atirarem para o ar
palavras ao acaso,
para pôrem as pessoas à vontade,
enquanto vão a andar pelo corredor.
Assim que estiverem a andar:
"(árabe)"
"morangos!"
(Risos)
"(árabe)
"arco-íris!"
"(imita árabe)
"tutti frutti!"
"Acho que ele vai desviar
o avião com gelados."
iw:
וכל מי שנראה מזרח-תיכוני
או מוסלמי,
כלומר גם להודים, ללטיניים, לכולם,
אם אתם חומים--
הנה עצתי לחברי חומי העור.
בפעם הבאה שתהיו במטוס
בארה"ב,
פשוט דברו בשפת האם שלכם.
ככה איש לא יידע מה אתם אומרים.
והחיים יימשכו.
ברור שכמה שפות-אם
נשמעות אולי
קצת מאיימות לאוזן האמריקאית, נכון?
אם אתם הולכים במעבר
ומדברים ערבית,
אתם עלולים להפחיד אותם אם
תדברו ככה: "[ערבית]"
הם עלולים להגיד,
"מה הם אומרים שם?"
אז הטריק, אחי ואחיותי
הערביים והערביות,
הוא לזרוק פה ושם מילה טובה
כדי להרגיע את האנשים
בזמן שאתם הולכים במעבר.
כשאתם הולכים שם, "[חיקוי לערבית]--
תות שדה!"
[צחוק]
"[חיקוי לערבית]-- "קשת בענן!"
"[חיקוי לערבית] -- טוטי-פרוטי!"
"נראה לי שהוא מתכוון לחטוף את המטוס
בעזרת גלידה."
Croatian:
i svima koji izgledaju kao da su
s Bliskog istoka ili da su muslimani,
znate: Indijci, Latinosi, svi,
ako ste tamnoputi –
evo mog savjeta tamnoputim prijateljima.
Sljedeći put kad se nađete u zrakoplovu u SAD-u,
samo govorite materinskim jezikom.
Na taj način nitko ne zna
što govorite. Život ide dalje.
Doduše, neki materinski jezici mogu
prosječnom Amerikancu
zvučati pomalo prijeteće, zar ne?
Ako hodate prolazom u avionu govoreći arapski,
mogli biste ih izbezumiti, ako hodate i [arapski],
mogli bi reći: „O čemu to govori?“
Dakle, ključ je za vas, moja arapska braćo i sestre,
tu i tamo ubaciti par dobrih riječi
kako biste umirili ljude
dok hodate prolazom u avionu.
Znači dok hodate: „[Imitira arapski] –
jagoda!“
(Smijeh)
„[Imitira arapski] – duga!“
„[Imitira arapski] – Tutti Frutti!“
„Mislim da će oteti zrakoplov pomoću sladoleda!“
Italian:
e a tutti quelli che sembrano mediorientali o musulmani,
dunque, indiani, latinoamericani, tutti,
se avete la pelle scura --
questo è il mio consiglio per i miei amici dalla pelle scura.
La prossima volta che siete su un aereo negli Stati Uniti,
parlate la vostra lingua.
Così nessuno saprà cosa dite. E la vita va avanti.
Certo, alcune lingue potrebbero suonare
un po' minacciose all'americano medio, no?
Se camminate lungo il corridoio parlando arabo,
potreste farli morire di paura, se camminate e "[arabo],"
diranno, "Di cosa parla?"
Dunque la chiave, sorelle e fratelli arabi,
è che dovete buttarci dentro belle parole a casaccio per mettere la gente a proprio agio
mentre camminate lungo il corridoio.
Mentre camminate dite: "[Imita l'arabo] --
fragole!"
(Risate)
"[Imita l'arabo] -- arcobaleno!"
"[Imita l'arabo] -- Tutti Frutti!"
"Credo che dirotterà l'aereo a colpi di gelato."
Arabic:
و أي شخص يبدو عليه ملامح شرق أوسطي أو مسلم ,
مثلا , الهنود , اللاتينيين , الجميع ,
لو كنت أسمر البشرة --
هذه نصيحتي لأصدقائي السمر.
في المرة المقبلة التي تركبون فيها طائرة في الولايات المتحدة ,
تحدثوا بلغتكم الأم فقط .
بهذه الطريقة تتيقنون أن لا أحد سيفهم حديثكم , و تستمر الحياة.
من الحظ , أن بعض اللغات ممن الممكن أن تحمل
لهجة تهديد أكثر من اللهجة الطبيعية الأمريكية , أليس كذلك ؟
إذا كنت في الممر تتحدث اللغة العربية,
هناك احتمال أن تثير هلعهم و أن تسير, "[عربية],"
من الممكن أن يقولوا , " عن ماذا يتحدث؟"
لذا الحل , لأخواني و أخواتي العرب,
عليك أن تقول بعض الكلمات الجيدة لترميها على مسامعهم
و أنت تسير في الممر .
فقط و أنت تسير في الممر : "[ يقلد العربية] --
فراولة ! "
( ضحك)
"[يقلد العربية]" -- قوس قزح !"
"[يقلد العربية]" -- توتي فروتي !"
" أعتقد أنه سيخطف الطائرة ببعض الآيسكريم."
Romanian:
Vă mulțumesc mult!
Să aveți o noapte bună!
Mulțumesc, TED.
(Aplauze)
Persian:
خیلی متشکرم. شب خوبی داشته باشید.
تشکر از TED. (تشویق حضار)
Serbian:
Hvala vam mnogo.
Želim vam prijatno veče.
Hvala, TED.
(Ovacije) (Aplauz)
Kurdish:
زۆر سوپاس. شەوێکی خۆش.
سوپاس TED.
(دەستخۆشی) (چەپڵە رێزان)
Portuguese:
Muito obrigada a todos. Tenham uma boa noite.
Obrigada, TED. (saudações) (Aplausos)
Russian:
Спасибо большое. Приятного вам вечера.
Спасибо, TED. (Приветствия) (Аплодисменты)
Turkish:
Çok teşekkür ederim. İyi akşamlar.
Teşekkürler TED. (Tezahurat) (Alkışlar)
iw:
תודה רבה לכם.
לילה טוב.
תודה רבה, TED.
[קריאות] [מחיאות כפיים]
Polish:
Dziękuję bardzo. Miłego wieczoru.
Dziękuję, TED.
(Wiwaty) (Śmiech)
German:
Vielen Dank. Einen schönen Abend noch.
Danke, TED. (Jubel) (Applaus)
Hindi:
बहुत बहुत धन्यवाद। शुभ रात्रि।
धन्यवाद, टेड।
(चियर्स)(तालियाँ)
Chinese:
非常谢谢你们。愿你们有个美好的夜晚。
谢谢，TED。（欢呼）（鼓掌）
Hungarian:
Köszönöm szépen. Legyen szép estéjük!
Köszönöm, TED. (Éljenzés) (Taps)
Portuguese:
Muito obrigada a todos. Tenham uma boa noite.
Obrigada, TED. (saudações) (Aplausos)
Japanese:
ありがとうございました
よい夜を
TED ありがとう
(拍手喝采)
French:
Merci beaucoup. Bonne nuit.
Merci TED. (Bravo) (Applaudissements)
Dutch:
Hartelijk dank. Ik wens je een mooie avond.
Bedankt, TED. (Gejuich) (Applaus)
Ukrainian:
Дуже дякую.
Приємного вам усім вечора.
Дякую, TED.
(Вітання) (Оплески)
Korean:
감사합니다. 좋은 밤 보내세요.
감사합니다. TED. (환호) (박수)
English:
Thank you very much. Have a good night.
Thank you, TED.
(Cheers) (Applause)
Croatian:
Hvala vam svima! Ugodnu večer želim!
Hvala, TED! (Zvižduci) (Pljesak)
Chinese:
謝謝。大家晚安。
謝謝，TED。（歡呼）（掌聲）
Italian:
Grazie mille. Buona serata.
Grazie, TED. (Grida) (Applausi)
Modern Greek (1453-):
Σας ευχαριστώ θερμά, καλή σας νύχτα.
Σε ευχαριστώ TED.
(Επευφημίες) (Χειροκρότημα)
Czech:
Mockrát díky. Přeji vám hezký večer.
Díky, TED. (Potlesk)
Vietnamese:
Xin cảm ơn rất nhiều. Chúc bạn buổi tối vui vẻ.
Cảm ơn, TED (Tán thưởng) (Vỗ tay)
Latvian:
Liels paldies. Jauku vakaru.
Paldies, TED. (Ovācijas) (Aplausi)
Arabic:
شكرا جزيلا لكم . أتمنى لكم ليلة سعيدة.
شكرا , تيد. (تشجيع) (تصفيق)
Spanish:
Muchas gracias.
Que pasen una buena noche.
Gracias, TED.
(Aplausos)
Portuguese:
Muito obrigado. Tenham uma boa noite.
Obrigado, TED.
(Aplausos)
Bulgarian:
Много благодаря. Лека вечер.
Благодаря, TED. (Аплодисменти)
Thai:
ขอบคุณมากครับ ราตรีสวัสดิ์
ขอบคุณครับ เท็ด (เสียงเชียร์)(ตบมือ)
Indonesian:
Terima kasih banyak. Semoga malam Anda menyenangkan.
Terima kasih , TED. (Sorakan) (Tepuk tangan)
| {
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(burbling noises)
- I think we can do it.
(bleep)
- Hey everyone, I'm Shirin.
- And I'm Myles.
The hosts of Above the Noise.
The show that cuts through the hype
and digs into the facts
behind the headlines.
(upbeat electronic music)
- So today we're going to be
talking about energy drinks.
And just to recap the last episode,
In 2011, a paper published
in the Journal, Pediatrics,
reviewed the effects of energy drinks
on children, adolescents,
and young adults.
The paper looked at 121 reports.
Two thirds of which were
published in academic journals.
And in all of this research,
there are still two big unknowns.
One: does your age effect how your body
responds to caffeine?
And two: how do all these
additives and caffeine
interact with each other?
Clearly there's still a
lot they're figuring out,
but in the meantime the experts warn
that energy drinks could
be especially risky
for kids with heart
problems, ADHD, or diabetes.
- So, let's jump right into the comments.
We have a question from Raquel, who says,
"Don't energy drinks
contain a lot of chemicals?
It's not just sugar and caffeine.
What makes them special?
And what about the rest
of the ingredients?"
- So, actually, those other things
in energy drinks, the hype,
those are the elements that
are the most unstudied,
as compared to something
like, say, caffeine.
So there's ingredients
like taurine and guarana,
which both have exotic names,
and are pretty unknown,
in terms of how they
interact with each other,
and with caffeine.
- So, basically, in doing your research,
and looking into all the stuff
that you did for this video.
Was there anything that you
came across that was crazy?
'Cause I was doing some stuff
and I find cases of people dyin'
and people claiming that the energy drinks
were the reason these
people were dyin', so.
- Yeah, it's kinda nuts
and that's something
that I've always heard about.
That people die 'cause of energy drinks.
And it turns out there's nothing
that we can say 100% proven.
This person died because of energy drink.
But a lot of families have
sued energy drink companies.
Saying that they think
that's the main reason.
That their loved one
was otherwise healthy.
Like for example, in 2011,
a man in Brooklyn died
after downing Red Bull
and playing basketball
and his family sued
for 85 million dollars.
I believe that case is
still in litigation.
There's another case in 2012,
where a 14-year-old girl
from Maryland died after
having two Monster drinks
within a 24-hour period.
- That's terrible.
- Yeah, so it's hard to say definitively
but there's definitely some
families that believe that.
And because of this, the FDA has opened
kind of an investigation into it
and they're starting to list
all the reported cases.
- And last up we have Divya, who says,
"Has banning energy drinks
in the countries mentioned
(Lithuania) been effective?"
- So I scoured the internet
for research about Lithuania
and the effects of this ban.
Not a lot out there.
However, in Berkeley,
California, they implemented
a soda tax.
And that's been studied
in terms of the effects.
And what they found was
that in a study published
by UC Berkeley and UCSF researchers,
there was a 21% drop in the drinking
of soda and other sugary beverages
amongst Berkeley's
low-income neighborhoods,
after the city put this tax in place.
- Dope.
- Yeah.
- We need more soda tax;
naw, I'm just kidding.
(Myles laughs)
So, I mean, how do you
feel about energy drinks?
Do you drink them at all?
- Honestly, no.
(both laugh)
I have coffee.
I need coffee to survive, but
not energy drinks as much.
- Naw, I can't even drink coffee.
I remember the last time I drank coffee,
I had one cup.
I was really young, I was 10.
And then out of nowhere,
I was out of town, with
my grandmother visiting,
and I remember my mother called me,
which is like, "Hey, just
telling you I miss you.
And hopefully I see you in a couple weeks,
yada yada yada."
I was like, "Alright, for sho."
And then after the phone call,
I finished the cup of coffee,
and I just started bawling.
For no reason.
Like I'd been gone for a minute.
So it wasn't like I missed her hella,
but you know I just was overwhelmed
with emotion and energy.
And I blame the coffee
from that day, so I haven't
had a cup of coffee since
I was nine or 10 years old.
So that's how I feel about
caffeine in general, kinda.
- That's amazing.
- Yeah.
- You might be the only journalist I know
who does not drink coffee.
- I can't do it.
- That's cool.
Black tea is the way to go.
Shameless plug.
(both laugh)
But, I mean, let us know
what you guys think.
I mean, how do you feel?
What do you feel about energy drinks?
What do you think could be done?
Let us know in the comments below,
we'll do our best to look through them.
And remember, we're the
hosts of Above the Noise.
The show that cuts through the hype.
- And takes you, above the noise.
(upbeat electronic music)
| {
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YOU
YOU KNOW
YOU KNOW YOU
YOU KNOW YOU ARE
YOU KNOW YOU ARE GOING
YOU KNOW YOU ARE GOING
TO
YOU KNOW YOU ARE GOING
TO BE
YOU KNOW YOU ARE GOING
TO BE WEARING
YOU KNOW YOU ARE GOING
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
IF
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
IF YOU
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
IF YOU ARE
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
IF YOU ARE NOT
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT
TO BE WEARING JEANS.
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
YOU
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
YOU WILL
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
YOU WILL TOMORROW
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
YOU WILL TOMORROW OR
IF YOU ARE NOT RIGHT NOW
YOU WILL TOMORROW OR THE
YOU WILL TOMORROW OR THE
YOU WILL TOMORROW OR THE
NEXT
YOU WILL TOMORROW OR THE
NEXT DAY.
NEXT DAY.
NEXT DAY.
HAVE
NEXT DAY.
HAVE ETCHINGS
NEXT DAY.
HAVE ETCHINGS THAT
NEXT DAY.
HAVE ETCHINGS THAT WORK
HAVE ETCHINGS THAT WORK
HAVE ETCHINGS THAT WORK
FOR
HAVE ETCHINGS THAT WORK
FOR YOU?
FOR YOU?
FOR YOU?
THEY
FOR YOU?
THEY CELEBRATE
FOR YOU?
THEY CELEBRATE YOUR
THEY CELEBRATE YOUR
THEY CELEBRATE YOUR
CURVES
THEY CELEBRATE YOUR
CURVES AND
THEY CELEBRATE YOUR
CURVES AND MAYBE
THEY CELEBRATE YOUR
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
YOU
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
YOU THE
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
YOU THE CURVES
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
YOU THE CURVES THAT
CURVES AND MAYBE GIVE
YOU THE CURVES THAT YOU
YOU THE CURVES THAT YOU
YOU THE CURVES THAT YOU
WANT.
WANT.
WANT.
>>
WANT.
>> HOST:
WANT.
>> HOST: THIS
WANT.
>> HOST: THIS IS
WANT.
>> HOST: THIS IS THE
>> HOST: THIS IS THE
>> HOST: THIS IS THE
ABSOLUTE
>> HOST: THIS IS THE
ABSOLUTE BOOTY
>> HOST: THIS IS THE
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
IT
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
IT IS
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
IT IS A
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
IT IS A LITTLE
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT
ABSOLUTE BOOTY JEAN.
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
.
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
. IT'S
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
. IT'S MOVES
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
. IT'S MOVES YOUR
IT IS A LITTLE BOOT CUFF
. IT'S MOVES YOUR ABS
. IT'S MOVES YOUR ABS
. IT'S MOVES YOUR ABS
WITH
. IT'S MOVES YOUR ABS
WITH THAT
. IT'S MOVES YOUR ABS
WITH THAT ABSOLUTION
WITH THAT ABSOLUTION
WITH THAT ABSOLUTION
POWER
WITH THAT ABSOLUTION
POWER MESH
WITH THAT ABSOLUTION
POWER MESH TECHNOLOGY
WITH THAT ABSOLUTION
POWER MESH TECHNOLOGY IN
POWER MESH TECHNOLOGY IN
POWER MESH TECHNOLOGY IN
THE
POWER MESH TECHNOLOGY IN
THE FRONT.
THE FRONT.
THE FRONT.
YOU
THE FRONT.
YOU HAVE
THE FRONT.
YOU HAVE TRUE
THE FRONT.
YOU HAVE TRUE POCKETS,
YOU HAVE TRUE POCKETS,
YOU HAVE TRUE POCKETS,
TWO
YOU HAVE TRUE POCKETS,
TWO DIFFERENT
YOU HAVE TRUE POCKETS,
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
OPTIONS
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
OPTIONS AND
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
OPTIONS AND THEN
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
OPTIONS AND THEN I
TWO DIFFERENT COLOR
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
SHOW
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
SHOW YOU
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
SHOW YOU WHY
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
SHOW YOU WHY WE
OPTIONS AND THEN I WILL
SHOW YOU WHY WE CALL
SHOW YOU WHY WE CALL
SHOW YOU WHY WE CALL
THIS
SHOW YOU WHY WE CALL
THIS AN
SHOW YOU WHY WE CALL
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY
SHOW YOU WHY WE CALL
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS IS
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS IS AN
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS IS AN INDIGO
THIS AN ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
THIS IS AN INDIGO WASH
THIS IS AN INDIGO WASH
THIS IS AN INDIGO WASH
WITH
THIS IS AN INDIGO WASH
WITH GOLD
THIS IS AN INDIGO WASH
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
THEN
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
THEN WE
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
THEN WE HAVE
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
THEN WE HAVE THE
WITH GOLD DITCHING.
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
WHICH
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
WHICH IS
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
WHICH IS A
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
WHICH IS A LITTLE
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT
THEN WE HAVE THE BLUE
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
A
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
A LIGHTER
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
A LIGHTER BLUE
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
A LIGHTER BLUE AND
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF
A LIGHTER BLUE AND THEN
A LIGHTER BLUE AND THEN
A LIGHTER BLUE AND THEN
THE
A LIGHTER BLUE AND THEN
THE STITCHING
A LIGHTER BLUE AND THEN
THE STITCHING LANDS
THE STITCHING LANDS
THE STITCHING LANDS
RIGHT
THE STITCHING LANDS
RIGHT IN.
RIGHT IN.
RIGHT IN.
IT
RIGHT IN.
IT HAS
RIGHT IN.
IT HAS A
RIGHT IN.
IT HAS A LITTLE
RIGHT IN.
IT HAS A LITTLE BIT
RIGHT IN.
IT HAS A LITTLE BIT MORE
IT HAS A LITTLE BIT MORE
IT HAS A LITTLE BIT MORE
WHISKER
IT HAS A LITTLE BIT MORE
WHISKER BURYING.
IT HAS A LITTLE BIT MORE
WHISKER BURYING. THAT
WHISKER BURYING. THAT
WHISKER BURYING. THAT
ONE
WHISKER BURYING. THAT
ONE IS
WHISKER BURYING. THAT
ONE IS MORE
WHISKER BURYING. THAT
ONE IS MORE LIMITED.
ONE IS MORE LIMITED.
ONE IS MORE LIMITED.
THE
ONE IS MORE LIMITED.
THE SIZING
ONE IS MORE LIMITED.
THE SIZING OPTIONS
ONE IS MORE LIMITED.
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THESE
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THESE ARE
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THESE ARE SIZED
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THESE ARE SIZED TO
THE SIZING OPTIONS ON
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THROUGH
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THROUGH 16
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THROUGH 16 AND
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THROUGH 16 AND 16
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THROUGH 16 AND 16 TO
THESE ARE SIZED TO DIG
THROUGH 16 AND 16 TO 24
THROUGH 16 AND 16 TO 24
THROUGH 16 AND 16 TO 24
WOMEN.
WOMEN.
WOMEN.
YOU
WOMEN.
YOU COULD
WOMEN.
YOU COULD GET
WOMEN.
YOU COULD GET IT
WOMEN.
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
FOR
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
FOR $17
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
FOR $17 TO
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
FOR $17 TO TRY
YOU COULD GET IT HOME
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
IT
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
IT IS
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
IT IS HARD
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
IT IS HARD TO
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
IT IS HARD TO SHOP
FOR $17 TO TRY OUT.
IT IS HARD TO SHOP FOR
IT IS HARD TO SHOP FOR
IT IS HARD TO SHOP FOR
CLOTHES
IT IS HARD TO SHOP FOR
CLOTHES ONLINE.
CLOTHES ONLINE.
CLOTHES ONLINE.
ORDER
CLOTHES ONLINE.
ORDER YOUR
CLOTHES ONLINE.
ORDER YOUR TRUE
CLOTHES ONLINE.
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
HERE'S
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
HERE'S WHY
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
HERE'S WHY WE
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
HERE'S WHY WE CALL
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
HERE'S WHY WE CALL IT
ORDER YOUR TRUE SIZE.
HERE'S WHY WE CALL IT AN
HERE'S WHY WE CALL IT AN
HERE'S WHY WE CALL IT AN
ITTY-BITTY
HERE'S WHY WE CALL IT AN
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ABU
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ABU GUT
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ABU GUT IS
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ABU GUT IS THAT
ITTY-BITTY BOOT.
ABU GUT IS THAT SEXIEST
ABU GUT IS THAT SEXIEST
ABU GUT IS THAT SEXIEST
SILHOUETTE.
SILHOUETTE.
SILHOUETTE.
IT
SILHOUETTE.
IT GIVES
SILHOUETTE.
IT GIVES YOUR
SILHOUETTE.
IT GIVES YOUR LEGS
SILHOUETTE.
IT GIVES YOUR LEGS THAT
IT GIVES YOUR LEGS THAT
IT GIVES YOUR LEGS THAT
HOURGLASS
IT GIVES YOUR LEGS THAT
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
IF
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
IF YOU
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
IF YOU WANT
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
IF YOU WANT A
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER
HOURGLASS FIGURE.
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
,
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
, THIS
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
, THIS IS
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
, THIS IS THE
IF YOU WANT A SLIMMER CUT
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
.
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
. IT
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
. IT GOES
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
. IT GOES MORE
, THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
. IT GOES MORE SLIM
. IT GOES MORE SLIM
. IT GOES MORE SLIM
THROUGH
. IT GOES MORE SLIM
THROUGH THE
. IT GOES MORE SLIM
THROUGH THE CALF
. IT GOES MORE SLIM
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THEN
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THEN HE
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THEN HE GOES
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THEN HE GOES OUT
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO
THROUGH THE CALF AND
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
LITTLE
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
LITTLE BIT
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
LITTLE BIT MORE
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
LITTLE BIT MORE OF
THEN HE GOES OUT INTO A
LITTLE BIT MORE OF A
LITTLE BIT MORE OF A
LITTLE BIT MORE OF A
CLASSIC
LITTLE BIT MORE OF A
CLASSIC BOOT.
CLASSIC BOOT.
CLASSIC BOOT.
IT
CLASSIC BOOT.
IT IS
CLASSIC BOOT.
IT IS STILL
CLASSIC BOOT.
IT IS STILL SLIM
CLASSIC BOOT.
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IF
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IF YOU
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IF YOU DON'T
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IF YOU DON'T LIKE
IT IS STILL SLIM LOOK.
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
SKINNY
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
SKINNY JEAN,
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
SKINNY JEAN, BUT
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU
IF YOU DON'T LIKE A
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
IT
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
IT SKINNY
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
IT SKINNY AND
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
IT SKINNY AND THEN
SKINNY JEAN, BUT YOU WANT
IT SKINNY AND THEN SORT
IT SKINNY AND THEN SORT
IT SKINNY AND THEN SORT
OF
IT SKINNY AND THEN SORT
OF OUT.
IT SKINNY AND THEN SORT
OF OUT. IT'S
IT SKINNY AND THEN SORT
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
YOU
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
YOU CAN
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
YOU CAN WEAR
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
YOU CAN WEAR THIS
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
YOU CAN WEAR THIS WITH
OF OUT. IT'S PERFECT.
YOU CAN WEAR THIS WITH A
YOU CAN WEAR THIS WITH A
YOU CAN WEAR THIS WITH A
BOOT
YOU CAN WEAR THIS WITH A
BOOT OR
YOU CAN WEAR THIS WITH A
BOOT OR HEELS.
BOOT OR HEELS.
BOOT OR HEELS.
IT
BOOT OR HEELS.
IT IS
BOOT OR HEELS.
IT IS $17
BOOT OR HEELS.
IT IS $17 TO
BOOT OR HEELS.
IT IS $17 TO GET
BOOT OR HEELS.
IT IS $17 TO GET THESE
IT IS $17 TO GET THESE
IT IS $17 TO GET THESE
HOME.
HOME.
HOME.
CAREN,
HOME.
CAREN, WE
HOME.
CAREN, WE WERE
HOME.
CAREN, WE WERE TALKING
CAREN, WE WERE TALKING
CAREN, WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT
CAREN, WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT THIS.
ABOUT THIS.
ABOUT THIS.
THIS
ABOUT THIS.
THIS IS
ABOUT THIS.
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
I
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
I KNOW
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
I KNOW THIS
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
I KNOW THIS IS
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
I KNOW THIS IS ONE
THIS IS BRAND-NEW.
I KNOW THIS IS ONE OF
I KNOW THIS IS ONE OF
I KNOW THIS IS ONE OF
THE
I KNOW THIS IS ONE OF
THE MOST
I KNOW THIS IS ONE OF
THE MOST POPULAR
THE MOST POPULAR
THE MOST POPULAR
SILHOUETTES
THE MOST POPULAR
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE
THE MOST POPULAR
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
PEOPLE
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
PEOPLE LIKE
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
PEOPLE LIKE A
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY
SILHOUETTES BECAUSE SOME
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
SOME
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
SOME PEOPLE
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
SOME PEOPLE LIKE
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A
PEOPLE LIKE A SKINNY AND
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
I
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
I FEEL
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
I FEEL LIKE
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
I FEEL LIKE THIS
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS
SOME PEOPLE LIKE A BOOT.
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS FOR
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS FOR
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS FOR
EVERYBODY
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS FOR
EVERYBODY WHO
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS FOR
EVERYBODY WHO IS
I FEEL LIKE THIS IS FOR
EVERYBODY WHO IS IN
EVERYBODY WHO IS IN
EVERYBODY WHO IS IN
BETWEEN.
BETWEEN.
BETWEEN.
>>
BETWEEN.
>> HOST:
>> HOST:
>> HOST:
>>
>> HOST:
>> GUEST:
>> HOST:
>> GUEST: I:
>> HOST:
>> GUEST: I: OUR
>> HOST:
>> GUEST: I: OUR HYBRID
>> GUEST: I: OUR HYBRID
>> GUEST: I: OUR HYBRID
GENE.
GENE.
GENE.
THIS
GENE.
THIS IS
GENE.
THIS IS INTENDED
GENE.
THIS IS INTENDED TO
GENE.
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
YOU
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
YOU ALL
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
YOU ALL OF
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
YOU ALL OF THE
THIS IS INTENDED TO GIVE
YOU ALL OF THE FIT
YOU ALL OF THE FIT
YOU ALL OF THE FIT
PROPERTIES
YOU ALL OF THE FIT
PROPERTIES OF
YOU ALL OF THE FIT
PROPERTIES OF ABSOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF ABSOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF ABSOLUTION
TECHNOLOGY.
TECHNOLOGY.
TECHNOLOGY.
A
TECHNOLOGY.
A QUICK
TECHNOLOGY.
A QUICK REMINDER.
A QUICK REMINDER.
A QUICK REMINDER.
THE
A QUICK REMINDER.
THE WAY
A QUICK REMINDER.
THE WAY YOU
A QUICK REMINDER.
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
YOUR
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
YOUR FIT
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
YOUR FIT IS
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
YOUR FIT IS HOW
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT
THE WAY YOU IDENTIFY
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
AT
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
AT YOUR
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
AT YOUR WAIST
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH
YOUR FIT IS HOW IT FITS
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
YOUR
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
YOUR HIPS
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
YOUR HIPS AND
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
YOUR HIPS AND THEN
AT YOUR WAIST THROUGH TO
YOUR HIPS AND THEN THE
YOUR HIPS AND THEN THE
YOUR HIPS AND THEN THE
FASHION
YOUR HIPS AND THEN THE
FASHION IS
YOUR HIPS AND THEN THE
FASHION IS DETERMINED
YOUR HIPS AND THEN THE
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
THE
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
THE INSEAM
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
THE INSEAM AND
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
THE INSEAM AND THE
FASHION IS DETERMINED BY
THE INSEAM AND THE LEG
THE INSEAM AND THE LEG
THE INSEAM AND THE LEG
OPENING.
OPENING.
OPENING.
SO
OPENING.
SO FOR
OPENING.
SO FOR THE
OPENING.
SO FOR THE BOOT
OPENING.
SO FOR THE BOOT IT
OPENING.
SO FOR THE BOOT IT IS
SO FOR THE BOOT IT IS
SO FOR THE BOOT IT IS
FITTED
SO FOR THE BOOT IT IS
FITTED THROUGHOUT
SO FOR THE BOOT IT IS
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
BODY
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
BODY ALL
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
BODY ALL THE
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
BODY ALL THE WAY
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
BODY ALL THE WAY TO
FITTED THROUGHOUT THE
BODY ALL THE WAY TO YOUR
BODY ALL THE WAY TO YOUR
BODY ALL THE WAY TO YOUR
CALF.
CALF.
CALF.
USUALLY
CALF.
USUALLY YOU
CALF.
USUALLY YOU DON'T
CALF.
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE
CALF.
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE A
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE A
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE A
MEASUREMENT
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE A
MEASUREMENT AT
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE A
MEASUREMENT AT THE
USUALLY YOU DON'T HAVE A
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
THIS
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
THIS IS
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
THIS IS SKINNY
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
THIS IS SKINNY TO
MEASUREMENT AT THE CALF.
THIS IS SKINNY TO THE
THIS IS SKINNY TO THE
THIS IS SKINNY TO THE
CALF
THIS IS SKINNY TO THE
CALF AND
THIS IS SKINNY TO THE
CALF AND THEN
THIS IS SKINNY TO THE
CALF AND THEN BREAKS
CALF AND THEN BREAKS
CALF AND THEN BREAKS
OPEN
CALF AND THEN BREAKS
OPEN SIX
CALF AND THEN BREAKS
OPEN SIX INCHES
CALF AND THEN BREAKS
OPEN SIX INCHES BELOW
OPEN SIX INCHES BELOW
OPEN SIX INCHES BELOW
THE
OPEN SIX INCHES BELOW
THE HEMLINE.
THE HEMLINE.
THE HEMLINE.
IT
THE HEMLINE.
IT JUST
THE HEMLINE.
IT JUST GIVES
THE HEMLINE.
IT JUST GIVES YOU
THE HEMLINE.
IT JUST GIVES YOU A
IT JUST GIVES YOU A
IT JUST GIVES YOU A
FLIRTY
IT JUST GIVES YOU A
FLIRTY KICK.
FLIRTY KICK.
FLIRTY KICK.
IF
FLIRTY KICK.
IF YOU
FLIRTY KICK.
IF YOU ARE
FLIRTY KICK.
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER
FLIRTY KICK.
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER WHO
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER WHO
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER WHO
IS
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER WHO
IS NOT
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER WHO
IS NOT CONFIDENT
IF YOU ARE CUSTOMER WHO
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
OR
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
OR DON'T
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
OR DON'T THINK
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
OR DON'T THINK IT
IS NOT CONFIDENT ENOUGH
OR DON'T THINK IT IS
OR DON'T THINK IT IS
OR DON'T THINK IT IS
YOUR
OR DON'T THINK IT IS
YOUR PERSONAL
OR DON'T THINK IT IS
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE
OR DON'T THINK IT IS
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
WEAR
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
WEAR A
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
WEAR A JEGGINGS
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
WEAR A JEGGINGS ,
YOUR PERSONAL STYLE TO
WEAR A JEGGINGS , THIS
WEAR A JEGGINGS , THIS
WEAR A JEGGINGS , THIS
IS
WEAR A JEGGINGS , THIS
IS FOR
WEAR A JEGGINGS , THIS
IS FOR YOU.
IS FOR YOU.
IS FOR YOU.
IF
IS FOR YOU.
IF YOU
IS FOR YOU.
IF YOU WORD
IS FOR YOU.
IF YOU WORD JAGGING
IS FOR YOU.
IF YOU WORD JAGGING ZEN
IF YOU WORD JAGGING ZEN
IF YOU WORD JAGGING ZEN
SKINNY'S
IF YOU WORD JAGGING ZEN
SKINNY'S AND
IF YOU WORD JAGGING ZEN
SKINNY'S AND YOU
IF YOU WORD JAGGING ZEN
SKINNY'S AND YOU JUST
SKINNY'S AND YOU JUST
SKINNY'S AND YOU JUST
WANT
SKINNY'S AND YOU JUST
WANT TO
SKINNY'S AND YOU JUST
WANT TO DIVERSIFY,
SKINNY'S AND YOU JUST
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
IS
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
IS A
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
IS A NICE
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
IS A NICE LITTLE
WANT TO DIVERSIFY, THIS
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
SEGUE
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
SEGUE INTO
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
SEGUE INTO A
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
SEGUE INTO A WIDER
IS A NICE LITTLE HYBRID
SEGUE INTO A WIDER LEG
SEGUE INTO A WIDER LEG
SEGUE INTO A WIDER LEG
OPENING.
OPENING.
OPENING.
THE
OPENING.
THE OTHER
OPENING.
THE OTHER THING
OPENING.
THE OTHER THING GREAT
THE OTHER THING GREAT
THE OTHER THING GREAT
ABOUT
THE OTHER THING GREAT
ABOUT THIS
THE OTHER THING GREAT
ABOUT THIS IS,
THE OTHER THING GREAT
ABOUT THIS IS, IT
THE OTHER THING GREAT
ABOUT THIS IS, IT HAS
ABOUT THIS IS, IT HAS
ABOUT THIS IS, IT HAS
TONAL
ABOUT THIS IS, IT HAS
TONAL STITCHING
ABOUT THIS IS, IT HAS
TONAL STITCHING AND
ABOUT THIS IS, IT HAS
TONAL STITCHING AND NAVY
TONAL STITCHING AND NAVY
TONAL STITCHING AND NAVY
RUBBER
TONAL STITCHING AND NAVY
RUBBER HARDWARE.
RUBBER HARDWARE.
RUBBER HARDWARE.
IT
RUBBER HARDWARE.
IT BLENDS
RUBBER HARDWARE.
IT BLENDS TOGETHER.
IT BLENDS TOGETHER.
IT BLENDS TOGETHER.
WHEN
IT BLENDS TOGETHER.
WHEN YOU
IT BLENDS TOGETHER.
WHEN YOU COMPARE
IT BLENDS TOGETHER.
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND IF
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND IF YOU
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND IF YOU DO
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND IF YOU DO IS
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM
WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
CLOSE,
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
CLOSE, IF
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
CLOSE, IF YOU
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK
AND IF YOU DO IS ZOOM UP
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
THE
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
THE THREAD
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
THE THREAD THIS
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
THE THREAD THIS IS
CLOSE, IF YOU LOOK AT
THE THREAD THIS IS JUST
THE THREAD THIS IS JUST
THE THREAD THIS IS JUST
ANOTHER
THE THREAD THIS IS JUST
ANOTHER EXAMPLE
THE THREAD THIS IS JUST
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF
THE THREAD THIS IS JUST
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW
USING
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW
USING DIFFERENT
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW
USING DIFFERENT DENIM
USING DIFFERENT DENIM
USING DIFFERENT DENIM
FABRICS
USING DIFFERENT DENIM
FABRICS AND
USING DIFFERENT DENIM
FABRICS AND CHANGING
USING DIFFERENT DENIM
FABRICS AND CHANGING THE
FABRICS AND CHANGING THE
FABRICS AND CHANGING THE
HARDWARE
FABRICS AND CHANGING THE
HARDWARE AND
FABRICS AND CHANGING THE
HARDWARE AND THREAD
HARDWARE AND THREAD
HARDWARE AND THREAD
COLOR
HARDWARE AND THREAD
COLOR GIVES
HARDWARE AND THREAD
COLOR GIVES YOU
HARDWARE AND THREAD
COLOR GIVES YOU GREATER
COLOR GIVES YOU GREATER
COLOR GIVES YOU GREATER
DIVERSITY.
DIVERSITY.
DIVERSITY.
YOU
DIVERSITY.
YOU CAN
DIVERSITY.
YOU CAN BE
DIVERSITY.
YOU CAN BE A
DIVERSITY.
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
DEVOTEE
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
DEVOTEE AND
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
DEVOTEE AND BY
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY
YOU CAN BE A DEMOCRACY
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
AND
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
AND NOT
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
AND NOT LOOK
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
AND NOT LOOK LIKE
DEVOTEE AND BY EVERY WASH
AND NOT LOOK LIKE YOU
AND NOT LOOK LIKE YOU
AND NOT LOOK LIKE YOU
ARE
AND NOT LOOK LIKE YOU
ARE WEARING
AND NOT LOOK LIKE YOU
ARE WEARING THE
AND NOT LOOK LIKE YOU
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
SAME
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
SAME GENE
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
SAME GENE BUT
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
SAME GENE BUT HAVE
ARE WEARING THE EXACT
SAME GENE BUT HAVE THE
SAME GENE BUT HAVE THE
SAME GENE BUT HAVE THE
COMFORT
SAME GENE BUT HAVE THE
COMFORT AND
SAME GENE BUT HAVE THE
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
OF
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
OF ALL
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
OF ALL THE
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
OF ALL THE THINGS
COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE
OF ALL THE THINGS THAT
OF ALL THE THINGS THAT
OF ALL THE THINGS THAT
YOU
OF ALL THE THINGS THAT
YOU LIKE
OF ALL THE THINGS THAT
YOU LIKE ABOUT
OF ALL THE THINGS THAT
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
>>
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
>> HOST:
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
>> HOST: YOU
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
>> HOST: YOU AND
YOU LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRACY.
>> HOST: YOU AND CAREN
>> HOST: YOU AND CAREN
>> HOST: YOU AND CAREN
ARE
>> HOST: YOU AND CAREN
ARE WEARING
>> HOST: YOU AND CAREN
ARE WEARING THE
>> HOST: YOU AND CAREN
ARE WEARING THE SAME
ARE WEARING THE SAME
ARE WEARING THE SAME
GENE
ARE WEARING THE SAME
GENE AND
ARE WEARING THE SAME
GENE AND THAT
ARE WEARING THE SAME
GENE AND THAT LOOKS
GENE AND THAT LOOKS
GENE AND THAT LOOKS
DIFFERENT.
DIFFERENT.
DIFFERENT.
I
DIFFERENT.
I WOULD
DIFFERENT.
I WOULD NOT
DIFFERENT.
I WOULD NOT HAVE
DIFFERENT.
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD THINK
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD THINK IT
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD THINK IT WAS
I WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN.
I WOULD THINK IT WAS A
I WOULD THINK IT WAS A
I WOULD THINK IT WAS A
DIFFERENT
I WOULD THINK IT WAS A
DIFFERENT WASH
I WOULD THINK IT WAS A
DIFFERENT WASH BUT
I WOULD THINK IT WAS A
DIFFERENT WASH BUT IT
DIFFERENT WASH BUT IT
DIFFERENT WASH BUT IT
LOOKS
DIFFERENT WASH BUT IT
LOOKS LIKE
DIFFERENT WASH BUT IT
LOOKS LIKE A
DIFFERENT WASH BUT IT
LOOKS LIKE A COMPLETELY
LOOKS LIKE A COMPLETELY
LOOKS LIKE A COMPLETELY
DIFFERENT
LOOKS LIKE A COMPLETELY
DIFFERENT GENE.
DIFFERENT GENE.
DIFFERENT GENE.
.
DIFFERENT GENE.
. WE
DIFFERENT GENE.
. WE ALL
DIFFERENT GENE.
. WE ALL GET
DIFFERENT GENE.
. WE ALL GET THAT
DIFFERENT GENE.
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
LIFTED
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
LIFTED TOSHI
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
LIFTED TOSHI THE
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
LIFTED TOSHI THE NO
. WE ALL GET THAT NICE,
LIFTED TOSHI THE NO GAP
LIFTED TOSHI THE NO GAP
LIFTED TOSHI THE NO GAP
ELASTIC
LIFTED TOSHI THE NO GAP
ELASTIC WAISTBAND
LIFTED TOSHI THE NO GAP
ELASTIC WAISTBAND AND
ELASTIC WAISTBAND AND
ELASTIC WAISTBAND AND
THEN
ELASTIC WAISTBAND AND
THEN THE
ELASTIC WAISTBAND AND
THEN THE BUILT-IN
ELASTIC WAISTBAND AND
THEN THE BUILT-IN POWER
THEN THE BUILT-IN POWER
THEN THE BUILT-IN POWER
MESH
THEN THE BUILT-IN POWER
MESH PANEL.
MESH PANEL.
MESH PANEL.
IT'S
MESH PANEL.
IT'S LIKE
MESH PANEL.
IT'S LIKE YOU
MESH PANEL.
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK
MESH PANEL.
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
WHERE
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
WHERE AND
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
WHERE AND PUT
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
WHERE AND PUT IT
IT'S LIKE YOU TOOK SHAPE
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
>>
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
>> LET
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
>> LET ME
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
>> LET ME SHOW
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
>> LET ME SHOW YOU
WHERE AND PUT IT IN.
>> LET ME SHOW YOU THE
>> LET ME SHOW YOU THE
>> LET ME SHOW YOU THE
PANEL.
PANEL.
PANEL.
>>
PANEL.
>> WE
PANEL.
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE
PANEL.
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
ALL
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
ALL SHAPES
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
ALL SHAPES ARE
>> WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
ALL SHAPES ARE DIFFERENT
ALL SHAPES ARE DIFFERENT
ALL SHAPES ARE DIFFERENT
BUT
ALL SHAPES ARE DIFFERENT
BUT CREATED
ALL SHAPES ARE DIFFERENT
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
THERE
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
THERE IS
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
THERE IS NO
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
THERE IS NO VALUE
BUT CREATED EQUAL.
THERE IS NO VALUE FOR
THERE IS NO VALUE FOR
THERE IS NO VALUE FOR
ONE
THERE IS NO VALUE FOR
ONE SHAPE
THERE IS NO VALUE FOR
ONE SHAPE OR
THERE IS NO VALUE FOR
ONE SHAPE OR ANOTHER.
ONE SHAPE OR ANOTHER.
ONE SHAPE OR ANOTHER.
WE
ONE SHAPE OR ANOTHER.
WE JUST
ONE SHAPE OR ANOTHER.
WE JUST WANT
ONE SHAPE OR ANOTHER.
WE JUST WANT TO
WE JUST WANT TO
WE JUST WANT TO
CONSTRUCT
WE JUST WANT TO
CONSTRUCT GENES
WE JUST WANT TO
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT
WE JUST WANT TO
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
WOMEN
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
WOMEN FEEL
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
WOMEN FEEL AS
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
WOMEN FEEL AS GOOD
CONSTRUCT GENES THAT MAKE
WOMEN FEEL AS GOOD AS
WOMEN FEEL AS GOOD AS
WOMEN FEEL AS GOOD AS
THEY
WOMEN FEEL AS GOOD AS
THEY CAN.
THEY CAN.
THEY CAN.
IT
THEY CAN.
IT CONFORMS
THEY CAN.
IT CONFORMS TO
THEY CAN.
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR
THEY CAN.
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
SHAPE
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
SHAPE AND
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
SHAPE AND THEN
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
SHAPE AND THEN THE
IT CONFORMS TO YOUR BODY
SHAPE AND THEN THE MESH
SHAPE AND THEN THE MESH
SHAPE AND THEN THE MESH
PANEL
SHAPE AND THEN THE MESH
PANEL SMOOTHS
SHAPE AND THEN THE MESH
PANEL SMOOTHS YOUR
SHAPE AND THEN THE MESH
PANEL SMOOTHS YOUR TUMMY
PANEL SMOOTHS YOUR TUMMY
PANEL SMOOTHS YOUR TUMMY
AND
PANEL SMOOTHS YOUR TUMMY
AND FLATTENS
PANEL SMOOTHS YOUR TUMMY
AND FLATTENS YOU.
AND FLATTENS YOU.
AND FLATTENS YOU.
EVERYTHING
AND FLATTENS YOU.
EVERYTHING IS,
AND FLATTENS YOU.
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN
AND FLATTENS YOU.
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
GET
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
GET THE
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
GET THE CAMERA
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
GET THE CAMERA BACK
EVERYTHING IS, WHEN YOU
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
THE
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
THE FRONT
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
THE FRONT OF
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
THE FRONT OF THE
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN
GET THE CAMERA BACK ON
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
IT
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
IT HAS
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
IT HAS A
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
IT HAS A GREAT
THE FRONT OF THE JEAN ,
IT HAS A GREAT BELT
IT HAS A GREAT BELT
IT HAS A GREAT BELT
LOOP.
LOOP.
LOOP.
THE
LOOP.
THE LITTLE
LOOP.
THE LITTLE RIVETS,
LOOP.
THE LITTLE RIVETS, THIS
THE LITTLE RIVETS, THIS
THE LITTLE RIVETS, THIS
BOOT
THE LITTLE RIVETS, THIS
BOOT HAS
THE LITTLE RIVETS, THIS
BOOT HAS A
THE LITTLE RIVETS, THIS
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
PIECE
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
PIECE AT
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
PIECE AT THE
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
PIECE AT THE CORNER
BOOT HAS A TRIANGLE
PIECE AT THE CORNER THAT
PIECE AT THE CORNER THAT
PIECE AT THE CORNER THAT
THE
PIECE AT THE CORNER THAT
THE RIVET
PIECE AT THE CORNER THAT
THE RIVET IS
PIECE AT THE CORNER THAT
THE RIVET IS TUCKED
THE RIVET IS TUCKED
THE RIVET IS TUCKED
INTO.
INTO.
INTO.
THERE
INTO.
THERE IS
INTO.
THERE IS A
INTO.
THERE IS A --
INTO.
THERE IS A -- IT
INTO.
THERE IS A -- IT IS
INTO.
THERE IS A -- IT IS LIKE
THERE IS A -- IT IS LIKE
THERE IS A -- IT IS LIKE
A
THERE IS A -- IT IS LIKE
A GEOMETRIC
THERE IS A -- IT IS LIKE
A GEOMETRIC COIN
THERE IS A -- IT IS LIKE
A GEOMETRIC COIN POCKET.
A GEOMETRIC COIN POCKET.
A GEOMETRIC COIN POCKET.
WE
A GEOMETRIC COIN POCKET.
WE ANGLE
A GEOMETRIC COIN POCKET.
WE ANGLE THAT
A GEOMETRIC COIN POCKET.
WE ANGLE THAT TOWARD
WE ANGLE THAT TOWARD
WE ANGLE THAT TOWARD
YOUR
WE ANGLE THAT TOWARD
YOUR BODY
WE ANGLE THAT TOWARD
YOUR BODY TRYING
WE ANGLE THAT TOWARD
YOUR BODY TRYING TO
YOUR BODY TRYING TO
YOUR BODY TRYING TO
MINIMIZE
YOUR BODY TRYING TO
MINIMIZE YOUR
YOUR BODY TRYING TO
MINIMIZE YOUR LOOK.
MINIMIZE YOUR LOOK.
MINIMIZE YOUR LOOK.
THE
MINIMIZE YOUR LOOK.
THE SIDE
MINIMIZE YOUR LOOK.
THE SIDE SEAMS
MINIMIZE YOUR LOOK.
THE SIDE SEAMS COME
THE SIDE SEAMS COME
THE SIDE SEAMS COME
FORWARD
THE SIDE SEAMS COME
FORWARD ON
THE SIDE SEAMS COME
FORWARD ON THE
THE SIDE SEAMS COME
FORWARD ON THE BODY.
FORWARD ON THE BODY.
FORWARD ON THE BODY.
YOU
FORWARD ON THE BODY.
YOU SEE
FORWARD ON THE BODY.
YOU SEE A
FORWARD ON THE BODY.
YOU SEE A NARROWER
YOU SEE A NARROWER
YOU SEE A NARROWER
SECTION
YOU SEE A NARROWER
SECTION OF
YOU SEE A NARROWER
SECTION OF YOUR
YOU SEE A NARROWER
SECTION OF YOUR FRONT
SECTION OF YOUR FRONT
SECTION OF YOUR FRONT
VIEW.
VIEW.
VIEW.
THAN
VIEW.
THAN THE
VIEW.
THAN THE BACK
VIEW.
THAN THE BACK POCKETS
VIEW.
THAN THE BACK POCKETS ON
THAN THE BACK POCKETS ON
THAN THE BACK POCKETS ON
THE
THAN THE BACK POCKETS ON
THE BOOT
THAN THE BACK POCKETS ON
THE BOOT ARE
THAN THE BACK POCKETS ON
THE BOOT ARE DIFFERENT
THE BOOT ARE DIFFERENT
THE BOOT ARE DIFFERENT
THAN
THE BOOT ARE DIFFERENT
THAN THE
THE BOOT ARE DIFFERENT
THAN THE GLIDER.
THAN THE GLIDER.
THAN THE GLIDER.
THEY
THAN THE GLIDER.
THEY HAVE
THAN THE GLIDER.
THEY HAVE A
THAN THE GLIDER.
THEY HAVE A LITTLE
THEY HAVE A LITTLE
THEY HAVE A LITTLE
BUSTED
THEY HAVE A LITTLE
BUSTED SEAM
THEY HAVE A LITTLE
BUSTED SEAM IN
THEY HAVE A LITTLE
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
CENTER
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
CENTER OF
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
CENTER OF THE
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
CENTER OF THE BACK
BUSTED SEAM IN THE
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
GIVES
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
GIVES IT
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
GIVES IT A
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
GIVES IT A LITTLE
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
GIVES IT A LITTLE BIT
CENTER OF THE BACK THAT
GIVES IT A LITTLE BIT OF
GIVES IT A LITTLE BIT OF
GIVES IT A LITTLE BIT OF
EXTRA
GIVES IT A LITTLE BIT OF
EXTRA CHARACTER.
EXTRA CHARACTER.
EXTRA CHARACTER.
WHEN
EXTRA CHARACTER.
WHEN WE
EXTRA CHARACTER.
WHEN WE SAND
EXTRA CHARACTER.
WHEN WE SAND OVER
EXTRA CHARACTER.
WHEN WE SAND OVER THE
WHEN WE SAND OVER THE
WHEN WE SAND OVER THE
POCKET
WHEN WE SAND OVER THE
POCKET DETAIL
WHEN WE SAND OVER THE
POCKET DETAIL WE
WHEN WE SAND OVER THE
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
HIGHS
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
HIGHS AND
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
HIGHS AND LOWS
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
HIGHS AND LOWS THAT
POCKET DETAIL WE GIVE
HIGHS AND LOWS THAT ARE
HIGHS AND LOWS THAT ARE
HIGHS AND LOWS THAT ARE
FABULOUS
HIGHS AND LOWS THAT ARE
FABULOUS LOOKING.
FABULOUS LOOKING.
FABULOUS LOOKING.
>>
FABULOUS LOOKING.
>> HOST:
FABULOUS LOOKING.
>> HOST: THE
FABULOUS LOOKING.
>> HOST: THE INDIGO
FABULOUS LOOKING.
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS
FABULOUS LOOKING.
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
SOLID
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
SOLID COLOR
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
SOLID COLOR BUT
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE
>> HOST: THE INDIGO IS A
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
A
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
A HINT
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
A HINT OF
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
A HINT OF SHADING
SOLID COLOR BUT THERE IS
A HINT OF SHADING TO
A HINT OF SHADING TO
A HINT OF SHADING TO
GIVE
A HINT OF SHADING TO
GIVE US
A HINT OF SHADING TO
GIVE US THAT
A HINT OF SHADING TO
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION
A HINT OF SHADING TO
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
A
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
A LITTLE
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
A LITTLE BIT
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
A LITTLE BIT OF
GIVE US THAT ILLUSION OF
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
AND
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
AND THEN
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
AND THEN THIS
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
AND THEN THIS IS
A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT
AND THEN THIS IS THE
AND THEN THIS IS THE
AND THEN THIS IS THE
BLUE
AND THEN THIS IS THE
BLUE WHICH
AND THEN THIS IS THE
BLUE WHICH HAS
AND THEN THIS IS THE
BLUE WHICH HAS A
AND THEN THIS IS THE
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
MORE
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
MORE OF
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
MORE OF THE
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
MORE OF THE SHADING
BLUE WHICH HAS A LOT
MORE OF THE SHADING SO
MORE OF THE SHADING SO
MORE OF THE SHADING SO
IT
MORE OF THE SHADING SO
IT HIGHLIGHTS
MORE OF THE SHADING SO
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE
MORE OF THE SHADING SO
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT LOOKS
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT LOOKS LIKE
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE BOOTY.
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
OWNED
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
OWNED THEM
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
OWNED THEM FOR
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
OWNED THEM FOR A
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE
OWNED THEM FOR A WHILE.
OWNED THEM FOR A WHILE.
OWNED THEM FOR A WHILE.
THEY
OWNED THEM FOR A WHILE.
THEY HAVE
OWNED THEM FOR A WHILE.
THEY HAVE THEIR
OWNED THEM FOR A WHILE.
THEY HAVE THEIR OWN
THEY HAVE THEIR OWN
THEY HAVE THEIR OWN
PERSONALITY.
PERSONALITY.
PERSONALITY.
THIS
PERSONALITY.
THIS IS
PERSONALITY.
THIS IS THE
PERSONALITY.
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT WHICH
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT WHICH MEANS
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT
THIS IS THE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT IS
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT IS
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT IS
FITTED
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT IS
FITTED THROUGH
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT IS
FITTED THROUGH THE
BOOT WHICH MEANS IT IS
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
AND
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
AND BELOW
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
AND BELOW THE
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
AND BELOW THE CALF
FITTED THROUGH THE CALF
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
WHERE
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
WHERE GOES
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
WHERE GOES OUT.
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
WHERE GOES OUT. IT
AND BELOW THE CALF IS
WHERE GOES OUT. IT IS
WHERE GOES OUT. IT IS
WHERE GOES OUT. IT IS
NOT
WHERE GOES OUT. IT IS
NOT A
WHERE GOES OUT. IT IS
NOT A BELT.
NOT A BELT.
NOT A BELT.
IT
NOT A BELT.
IT IS
NOT A BELT.
IT IS A
NOT A BELT.
IT IS A SEXIER
NOT A BELT.
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK
NOT A BELT.
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK AND
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK AND
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK AND
IT
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK AND
IT WORKS
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK AND
IT WORKS REALLY
IT IS A SEXIER LOOK AND
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
WITH
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
WITH HEELS.
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
WITH HEELS. IF
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
WITH HEELS. IF YOU
IT WORKS REALLY WELL
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
LIKE
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
LIKE THE
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
LIKE THE SKINNY
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
LIKE THE SKINNY OR
WITH HEELS. IF YOU DON'T
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
YOU
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
YOU HAVE
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
YOU HAVE A
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
YOU HAVE A CLOSET
LIKE THE SKINNY OR MAYBE
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
OF
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
OF THEM,
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
OF THEM, THIS
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
OF THEM, THIS IS
YOU HAVE A CLOSET FULL
OF THEM, THIS IS IN
OF THEM, THIS IS IN
OF THEM, THIS IS IN
BETWEEN.
BETWEEN.
BETWEEN.
A
BETWEEN.
A HYBRID
BETWEEN.
A HYBRID BETWEEN
BETWEEN.
A HYBRID BETWEEN THE
A HYBRID BETWEEN THE
A HYBRID BETWEEN THE
SKINNY
A HYBRID BETWEEN THE
SKINNY AND
A HYBRID BETWEEN THE
SKINNY AND BOOT
A HYBRID BETWEEN THE
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
$17
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
$17 TO
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
$17 TO GET
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
$17 TO GET THEM
SKINNY AND BOOT CUT.
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
YOU
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
YOU CAN
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
YOU CAN ORDER
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
YOU CAN ORDER ON
$17 TO GET THEM HOME.
YOU CAN ORDER ON HSN.COM
YOU CAN ORDER ON HSN.COM
YOU CAN ORDER ON HSN.COM
.
YOU CAN ORDER ON HSN.COM
. 724157.
. 724157.
. 724157.
THAT'S
. 724157.
THAT'S THE
. 724157.
THAT'S THE ITEM
. 724157.
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
WE
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
WE HAVE
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
WE HAVE MORE
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
WE HAVE MORE TIME
THAT'S THE ITEM NUMBER.
WE HAVE MORE TIME WITH
WE HAVE MORE TIME WITH
WE HAVE MORE TIME WITH
CAREN,
WE HAVE MORE TIME WITH
CAREN, THE
WE HAVE MORE TIME WITH
CAREN, THE FOUNDER
WE HAVE MORE TIME WITH
CAREN, THE FOUNDER OF
CAREN, THE FOUNDER OF
CAREN, THE FOUNDER OF
DEMOCRACY.
DEMOCRACY.
DEMOCRACY.
YOU
DEMOCRACY.
YOU CAN
DEMOCRACY.
YOU CAN GIVE
DEMOCRACY.
YOU CAN GIVE US
DEMOCRACY.
YOU CAN GIVE US A
DEMOCRACY.
YOU CAN GIVE US A PHONE
YOU CAN GIVE US A PHONE
YOU CAN GIVE US A PHONE
CALL.
CALL.
CALL.
YOU
CALL.
YOU CAN
CALL.
YOU CAN CALL
CALL.
YOU CAN CALL AND
CALL.
YOU CAN CALL AND WE
CALL.
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
LET
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
LET YOU
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
LET YOU TALK
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
LET YOU TALK WITH
YOU CAN CALL AND WE WILL
LET YOU TALK WITH CAREN
LET YOU TALK WITH CAREN
LET YOU TALK WITH CAREN
HERSELF.
HERSELF.
HERSELF.
THAT
HERSELF.
THAT IS
HERSELF.
THAT IS ONE
HERSELF.
THAT IS ONE OF
HERSELF.
THAT IS ONE OF THE
HERSELF.
THAT IS ONE OF THE GREAT
THAT IS ONE OF THE GREAT
THAT IS ONE OF THE GREAT
THINGS
THAT IS ONE OF THE GREAT
THINGS ABOUT
THAT IS ONE OF THE GREAT
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
HERE
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
HERE ,
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
HERE , YOU
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
HERE , YOU CAN
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
HERE , YOU CAN LOOK
THINGS ABOUT SHOPPING
HERE , YOU CAN LOOK AT
HERE , YOU CAN LOOK AT
HERE , YOU CAN LOOK AT
AN
HERE , YOU CAN LOOK AT
AN ENTIRE
HERE , YOU CAN LOOK AT
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
I
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
I LOVE
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
I LOVE HOW
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
I LOVE HOW IT
AN ENTIRE OUTFIT.
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE THE
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE THE TOP
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE THE TOP AND
I LOVE HOW IT FITS.
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
JEANS,
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
JEANS, I
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
JEANS, I WILL
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
JEANS, I WILL TAKE
I LOVE THE TOP AND THE
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
YOU
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
YOU COULD
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
YOU COULD ALSO
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
YOU COULD ALSO HEAR
JEANS, I WILL TAKE IT.
YOU COULD ALSO HEAR FROM
YOU COULD ALSO HEAR FROM
YOU COULD ALSO HEAR FROM
THE
YOU COULD ALSO HEAR FROM
THE CREATORS.
THE CREATORS.
THE CREATORS.
WE
THE CREATORS.
WE WOULD
THE CREATORS.
WE WOULD NEVER
THE CREATORS.
WE WOULD NEVER BE
THE CREATORS.
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
TO
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
TO GO
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
TO GO IN
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
TO GO IN DEMOCRACY
WE WOULD NEVER BE ABLE
TO GO IN DEMOCRACY AND
TO GO IN DEMOCRACY AND
TO GO IN DEMOCRACY AND
SAY
TO GO IN DEMOCRACY AND
SAY WHERE'S
TO GO IN DEMOCRACY AND
SAY WHERE'S CAREN?
SAY WHERE'S CAREN?
SAY WHERE'S CAREN?
>>
SAY WHERE'S CAREN?
>> YES.
>> YES.
>> YES.
I
>> YES.
I LOVE
>> YES.
I LOVE THE
>> YES.
I LOVE THE FACT
>> YES.
I LOVE THE FACT THAT
>> YES.
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
CAN
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
CAN SHARE
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
CAN SHARE ALL
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
CAN SHARE ALL OF
I LOVE THE FACT THAT I
CAN SHARE ALL OF THE
CAN SHARE ALL OF THE
CAN SHARE ALL OF THE
DETAILS
CAN SHARE ALL OF THE
DETAILS OF
CAN SHARE ALL OF THE
DETAILS OF THE
CAN SHARE ALL OF THE
DETAILS OF THE PROCESS.
DETAILS OF THE PROCESS.
DETAILS OF THE PROCESS.
>>
DETAILS OF THE PROCESS.
>> GUEST:
DETAILS OF THE PROCESS.
>> GUEST: YES.
>> GUEST: YES.
>> GUEST: YES.
AND
>> GUEST: YES.
AND THAT
>> GUEST: YES.
AND THAT BLUE
>> GUEST: YES.
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT IS
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT IS A
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT IS A LITTLE
AND THAT BLUE ITTY-BITTY
BOOT IS A LITTLE BIT
BOOT IS A LITTLE BIT
BOOT IS A LITTLE BIT
THICKER.
THICKER.
THICKER.
MOST
THICKER.
MOST OF
THICKER.
MOST OF OUR
THICKER.
MOST OF OUR DENIMS
THICKER.
MOST OF OUR DENIMS ARE
MOST OF OUR DENIMS ARE
MOST OF OUR DENIMS ARE
SUPER
MOST OF OUR DENIMS ARE
SUPER SOFT
MOST OF OUR DENIMS ARE
SUPER SOFT AND
MOST OF OUR DENIMS ARE
SUPER SOFT AND SMOOTH.
SUPER SOFT AND SMOOTH.
SUPER SOFT AND SMOOTH.
SOME
SUPER SOFT AND SMOOTH.
SOME PEOPLE
SUPER SOFT AND SMOOTH.
SOME PEOPLE WANT
SUPER SOFT AND SMOOTH.
SOME PEOPLE WANT A
SOME PEOPLE WANT A
SOME PEOPLE WANT A
LITTLE
SOME PEOPLE WANT A
LITTLE BIT
SOME PEOPLE WANT A
LITTLE BIT THICKER
LITTLE BIT THICKER
LITTLE BIT THICKER
DENIM.
DENIM.
DENIM.
THIS
DENIM.
THIS ONE
DENIM.
THIS ONE HAS
DENIM.
THIS ONE HAS A
DENIM.
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
BIT
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
BIT MORE
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
BIT MORE OF
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
BIT MORE OF A
THIS ONE HAS A LITTLE
BIT MORE OF A SURFACE
BIT MORE OF A SURFACE
BIT MORE OF A SURFACE
TEXTURE.
TEXTURE.
TEXTURE.
AND
TEXTURE.
AND BECAUSE
TEXTURE.
AND BECAUSE IT
TEXTURE.
AND BECAUSE IT HAS
TEXTURE.
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
WE
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
WE GET
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
WE GET A
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
WE GET A LOT
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
WE GET A LOT OF
AND BECAUSE IT HAS THAT,
WE GET A LOT OF CONTRAST
WE GET A LOT OF CONTRAST
WE GET A LOT OF CONTRAST
CHARACTER
WE GET A LOT OF CONTRAST
CHARACTER IN
WE GET A LOT OF CONTRAST
CHARACTER IN IT.
CHARACTER IN IT.
CHARACTER IN IT.
I
CHARACTER IN IT.
I REALLY
CHARACTER IN IT.
I REALLY ENCOURAGE
CHARACTER IN IT.
I REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU,
I REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU,
I REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU,
IF
I REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU,
IF YOU
I REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU,
IF YOU HAVEN'T
I REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU,
IF YOU HAVEN'T PURCHASED
IF YOU HAVEN'T PURCHASED
IF YOU HAVEN'T PURCHASED
AN
IF YOU HAVEN'T PURCHASED
AN ITTY-BITTY
IF YOU HAVEN'T PURCHASED
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB
IF YOU HAVEN'T PURCHASED
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB OR
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB OR
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB OR
YOU
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB OR
YOU HAVE
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB OR
YOU HAVE SOME
AN ITTY-BITTY BOOB OR
YOU HAVE SOME OTHER
YOU HAVE SOME OTHER
YOU HAVE SOME OTHER
ABSOLUTION
YOU HAVE SOME OTHER
ABSOLUTION DENIM
YOU HAVE SOME OTHER
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT
YOU HAVE SOME OTHER
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT WE
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT WE
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT WE
HAVE
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT WE
HAVE SHARED,
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT WE
HAVE SHARED, I
ABSOLUTION DENIM THAT WE
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
YOU
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
YOU TO
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
YOU TO GET
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
YOU TO GET THAT
HAVE SHARED, I ENCOURAGE
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
I
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
I LOVE
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
I LOVE INDIGO.
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
I LOVE INDIGO. THE
YOU TO GET THAT BLUE.
I LOVE INDIGO. THE BLUE
I LOVE INDIGO. THE BLUE
I LOVE INDIGO. THE BLUE
IS
I LOVE INDIGO. THE BLUE
IS A
I LOVE INDIGO. THE BLUE
IS A NEW
I LOVE INDIGO. THE BLUE
IS A NEW FABRICATION
IS A NEW FABRICATION
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT I
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT I AM
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT I AM A
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT I AM A BIG
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT I AM A BIG FAN
IS A NEW FABRICATION
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
>>
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
>> WE
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
>> WE ARE
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
>> WE ARE SHOWING
THAT I AM A BIG FAN OF.
>> WE ARE SHOWING ALL
>> WE ARE SHOWING ALL
>> WE ARE SHOWING ALL
DIFFERENT
>> WE ARE SHOWING ALL
DIFFERENT SIZES.
DIFFERENT SIZES.
DIFFERENT SIZES.
DIFFERENT
DIFFERENT SIZES.
DIFFERENT SIZES
DIFFERENT SIZES.
DIFFERENT SIZES AND
DIFFERENT SIZES AND
DIFFERENT SIZES AND
DIFFERENT
DIFFERENT SIZES AND
DIFFERENT COLORS.
DIFFERENT COLORS.
DIFFERENT COLORS.
THEY
DIFFERENT COLORS.
THEY LOOK
DIFFERENT COLORS.
THEY LOOK JUST
DIFFERENT COLORS.
THEY LOOK JUST AS
DIFFERENT COLORS.
THEY LOOK JUST AS GOOD
THEY LOOK JUST AS GOOD
THEY LOOK JUST AS GOOD
ON
THEY LOOK JUST AS GOOD
ON EVERYBODY
THEY LOOK JUST AS GOOD
ON EVERYBODY AND
THEY LOOK JUST AS GOOD
ON EVERYBODY AND ON
ON EVERYBODY AND ON
ON EVERYBODY AND ON
EVERY
ON EVERYBODY AND ON
EVERY AGE
ON EVERYBODY AND ON
EVERY AGE IS
ON EVERYBODY AND ON
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
GET
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
GET THEM
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
GET THEM HOME
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
GET THEM HOME AND
EVERY AGE IS WELL.
GET THEM HOME AND TRY
GET THEM HOME AND TRY
GET THEM HOME AND TRY
THEM
GET THEM HOME AND TRY
THEM OUT.
THEM OUT.
THEM OUT.
YOU
THEM OUT.
YOU WILL
THEM OUT.
YOU WILL LOVE
THEM OUT.
YOU WILL LOVE THEM.
YOU WILL LOVE THEM.
YOU WILL LOVE THEM.
724157
YOU WILL LOVE THEM.
724157 IS
YOU WILL LOVE THEM.
724157 IS ITEM
YOU WILL LOVE THEM.
724157 IS ITEM NUMBER.
724157 IS ITEM NUMBER.
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So check this out
It’s Trevor James
I’m in Wuhan, China
And we’re going Foodrangin’
We’re going for a full on Chinese street food tour of this city
I am so pumped
Let’s go check it out
Wuhan is China’s central street noodle heaven
Smack in between Sichuan and Shanghai
You’ll find a mixture of Hunan, Sichuan, and Shanghai food
I came here to broaden my noodle horizons
And ended up taking a 9 hour train from Chengdu
Just to try the world famous hot dry noodles
Getting deep into the street food scene
Is always one of the joys of traveling
And here in Wuhan
I found a lot of exciting snacks
Let’s eat
This is nuts!
So we have some classic reganmian we’re going to try here in Wuhan
We’re going to add this ourselves here
Beautiful
Just a couple
Just to give it a little kick, you know?
So we’re going to see what the lineup is about here
Oh, look at these regan noodles
There’s pickled radish
Looks like there is some cowpeas
Sliced chives
Fresh chili peppers
Oh, and the bottom
That’s what it’s all about
You gotta mix it up
With that thick thick sesame paste
Oh I can smell that it’s nutty
Oh look at that steamy steamy bowl of noodles
Look at how thick that is
Look at how thick that is!
Let’s try that out
That is
It has a spicy kick to it
And there is that thick sesame paste
It’s like a mixture between sesame and spicy
It’s quite nutty
Oh and the noodles are actually very nicely done
Slightly chewy
I do gotta say though
I wish that the sesame paste was a little thicker
And a bit of a stronger nutty flavour
Otherwise these are very delicious
And next door at the same spot
There was an even busier joint
Serving their unique take on shaomai dumplings
Stuffed with sticky rice and mushrooms
And dropped into a hand rolled deep fried dough strip
Giving you and amazing texture and flavour combo
This is what dreams are made of right here
It’s like a crispy deep fried dough pocket
Stuffed with shaomai
Sticky rice, mushroom, and pork shaomai
Oh I just gotta get right in there
Oh look at that
That looks insane
It’s soft and plump and stuffed full
WOW!
That is spectacular
It tastes like a peppery gravy ball
Oh those are really good, it tastes like gravy
Peppery gravy with these really soft soft shaomai
Oh, that is really good
That is what’s unique here
This is incredibly delicious
This is so delicious
It’s like a peppery gravy, deep fried dough ball
With these really soft soft mushroom like shaomai
It’s like a mushroom gravy in there
And after a little walk
I found another place down the street serving a unique version of a popular breakfast snack
There was a huge lineup, so I couldn’t resist giving it a try
So friendly
Oh this is sticky rice, with mushroom
Look at this
There is probably going to be some really unique flavour
Oh it’s so hot
Gotta be careful don’t burn your mouth
I’m just going to go right in
Oh, look at that
That is fantastic
That is beyond delicious here
They have this mushroom flavour
And sticky rice
And I can taste like this slight essence of cinnamon in there
I just came for one and I got four
All for free
Didn’t expect that
Great!
And then I went just down the street to try another street food specialty
The chicken comb deep fried pork pocket
Home made dough is stuffed with pork and onions
And then boiled in a dark dark oil
Right on the street
It was making me a little hesitant at first
But this was in my street food research
So I had to give it a go
We’re going to try it out right here
Look at this
This is like a deep fried oily bread batter
Wheat batter
It has that jiucai flavour
It has that juicai flavour in it
Which is like a strong chinese chive almost
Very strong green onion flavour
With pork in there
It’s a little too oily for my pleasure
I can see the locals love it
You see this filling here
It’s only on the very edge and the rest is just like
Deep fried batter
Deep fried wheat
So I’m probably not going to finish that
I feel bad but I don’t want to eat pure oil
And for a mid afternoon snack
I made my way to try a unique baked flatbread called the strange flavour flatbread
Loaded with a secret spice mix
Chili sauce and sugar
It was the perfect mix of flavour
It’s placed like these that bring you satisfaction for traveling somewhere just for the food
Knowing that you’re chowing down on a local recipe
That only locals know about and line up for
Oh and he chops it up!
Flatbread doused in chili paste
That’s more of a chili paste than a chili oil
And sugar
With onions
Sesame, and salt
We’re just going to go right in for that
That is magnificent
That chili oil
That chili spice
I definitely taste a little fennel in there
It’s like a spicy, fennelly sweet crispy bing
With a hint of onions
All that granular sugar on there
Really gives it a nice texture
With that chili paste
Which is also quite granular
So you have the chili paste, the sugar, and there is fennel in there
So it really adds a nice granular crunch to each bite
And for my pre-dinner meal, I found a local classic street food that you can find all over China
A huge cauldron of niuza
A bowl of mixed beefs organs and parts
Served in a spicy broth with radish, tofu, and vegetables
Look at this!
That smells really good!
This is organs, innards, pleasure right here
That’s huge!
Very good!
This is beautiful
It’s like a big pot of intestines and organs and sliced tender beef
Theres rice noodles in there
There’s like stomach
In a light broth
That smells fantastic
Let’s just try a little beef out here
Oh yeah
It’s quite spicy
Oh it’s very spicy
It’s a sharp spice
It’s a deep beef broth as well
With like these nice chewy
Nice chewy organs
Let’s try that out
It’s quite spicy
It’s a sharp spice
And you can really feel that it’s made with love right on the street here
And for my final meal of the night
I made my way to a classic Wuhan style restaurant
Packed with locals
All dining on delicacies that you’ll miss after you leave
This is what travel is all about
It’s packed
I ordered a bunch
Some dried and salted little river fish covered in bean paste
A steamer of fatty pork covered in rice flour
Taro salad with huge garlic cloves and ginger slices
A hearty and thick bowl of pork rib and white radish soup
And the most noticeable of all
Was the extremely spicy, bubbling frog pot
Check this out
This is the bubbling frog pot
Look at that
It’s bubbling
Look at all those dried chilies in there
Garlic, green peppers
And that frog
Look at that frog meat
Oh that looks tender
I really just have to try that flavour out
That is very spicy
It’s like
It tastes exactly like if you boiled a bunch of dried chilies with garlic
And a soft soft tender frog meat
The frog meat just takes on the full flavour of those chilies
Super tender
That is burning
This is fenzhengrou
Except this is hubei style
This looks more fatty
There are these green peas on top
And it’s also covered in rice meal - rice flour
Look at that
Steamy steamy fenzhengrou
Oh yeah
It’s very soft and a little sweet
The pork essence is just magical in there
It’s really fatty and juicy
A little salty
And it has a really nice really smooth essence, you can taste the peas steamed throughout there
There’s a nice little hint of pea flavour in there
I made a huge mistake near the end of the meal
I loved the frog pot so much
That I took some of the soup
And I put it on my rice
For a spice lover, I thought that this would be heaven
But I discovered that this blew Sichuan spice out of the water
And I had to pace around and cool down
While Ting ting filmed and laughed
That is —
HOT!
Thank you so much for watching my food and travel videos
Please leave me a thumbs up
And click that like button down below
Follow my instagram too
Because I’m putting all of my photos from these experiences on my Instagram account
The Food Ranger
Check it out
I’m gong to keep going
I gotta catch my flight early in the morning
So I’m going to head back to the hotel now
I just want to say thank you to each and every one of you
Because my channel has been growing so fast
And I’m just so excited about this
I’m starting culinary school next week
And I’m going to try to get as much footage of that as possible for you guys
I want to share with you guys my experience of how it all goes
And share some recipes as well
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German:
Wenn die Hitze des Tages weicht,
werden die Tiere wieder aktiver.
Nach Sonnenuntergang
sinkt die Temperatur um etwa zehn Grad,
das ist für Nachtjäger das Zeichen,
sich auf die Futtersuche zu begeben.
Als die Nachtfilmcrew dort ankam,
wo zuvor der tote Büffel gefunden worden
war, tauchte der Löwe des Rudels auf.
Er ist das einzige
ausgewachsene Männchen der Gruppe.
Er ist etwa sieben Jahre alt
und trägt ein Funkhalsband
des sambischen Fleischfresser-Programms.
Er ist groß
und sicher über 200 Kilo schwer.
Eine seiner wichtigsten Rollen ist es,
Rudel und Revier
gegen Rivalen zu verteidigen.
Hyänen stehen ganz oben
auf der Feindesliste der Löwen.
English:
As the heat of the day wanes,
animals become more active.
After sunset there's a drop in temperature
of about ten degrees...
and that's a cue for the night hunters
to venture out in search of a meal
When the night filming crew
arrived on the scene
of the buffalo kill found earlier,
the lion pride male had shown up.
He's the only mature male in the group.
He's about seven years old
and has been fitted with a radio collar
by the Zambian Carnivore Programme.
He's a big cat, probably over 200 kilos.
And one of his most important roles
is to defend the pride and territory
against competitors.
Hyenas are top of the list,
when it comes to a lion's enemies.
French:
Quand la chaleur du jour retombe,
les animaux deviennent plus actifs.
Après le coucher du soleil,
la température chute de 10 degrés.
C'est l'heure pour nos chasseurs nocturnes
de trouver un repas.
Lorsque l'équipe de tournage arrive
où un buffle a été tué plus tôt,
le chef de meute est là.
C'est le seul mâle adulte du groupe.
Il a environ sept ans
et porte un collier émetteur
dans le cadre d'une étude en Zambie.
C'est un gros félin de plus de 200 kilos.
L'un de ses rôles les plus importants
est de défendre sa meute et son territoire
face à leurs concurrents.
Les hyènes sont
les plus grands ennemis des lions.
Italian:
Quando la calura inizia a diminuire,
gli animali diventano più attivi.
Dopo il tramonto,
la temperatura cala di ben 10 gradi...
segnalando ai predatori notturni
che è giunta l'ora di cacciare.
La troupe notturna è tornata a controllare
il corpo di un bufalo scoperto
in giornata, trovando all'opera i leoni.
È l'unico maschio maturo del branco.
Ha sette anni, e al collo
porta il radiocollare
dello Zambian Carnivore Programme.
È un grosso esemplare, supera i 200 kg.
Uno dei suoi compiti più importanti
è quello di difendere il branco
e il territorio dai rivali.
Le iene sono
il nemico numero uno dei leoni.
English:
A large clan of hyena have been attracted
by the scent of the buffalo kill.
All the adult lions,
including the females,
do their best to keep
these would-be thieves at bay.
Here the thermal cameras
show one of the pride lionesses
chasing off a lone hyena.
Then suddenly the pride male catches
one of the hyenas off-guard
and stamps his authority
in brutal fashion.
With the breaking dawn,
all but one of the hyenas has retreated.
Italian:
L'odore del bufalo ha attirato
un grosso clan di iene.
Tutti i leoni adulti, femmine incluse,
faranno del loro meglio
per tenere a bada i ladri.
Le termocamere mostrano
una leonessa mentre scaccia
una iena solitaria.
Il maschio sorprende
una iena con la guardia abbassata,
e riafferma la sua autorità
in modo brutale.
È l'alba, e tutte le iene
si sono ritirate... tranne una.
French:
Un clan de hyènes est attiré
par l'odeur du buffle tué.
Tous les lions adultes, femelles incluses,
font de leur mieux pour tenir
ces voleuses à distance.
Ici, une caméra thermique
montre l'une des femelles chasser
une hyène isolée de son groupe.
Soudain, le chef de la meute attrape
une hyène par surprise
et assoit son autorité de manière brutale.
Au lever du jour, toutes les hyènes,
à l'exception d'une seule sont reparties.
German:
Ein Rudel Hyänen ist vom Geruch
des toten Büffels angelockt worden.
Alle erwachsenen Löwen,
auch die Weibchen,
tun alles,
um die Diebe auf Abstand zu halten.
Die Wärmekameras
zeigen, wie eines der Weibchen,
eine einzelne Hyäne vertreibt.
Dann erwischt das Löwenmännchen
eine der Hyänen überraschend
und beweist auf brutale Weise
seine Autorität.
Zum Morgengrauen haben sich alle
bis auf eine Hyäne zurückgezogen.
English:
But even the injured individual
won't give up.
Amazing dramas here.
There's absolutely no love lost
between these two eternal adversaries.
And still the hyena lives.
And I'd love to be able to tell you
that the reason
for a lion attacking a hyena is simply
to defend its meal, but you know what?
Truth is, lions are pretty brutish
and they will try and grab
and kill just about anything,
whether it's a predator or otherwise.
If it doesn't represent a meal,
they just leave it.
If it does, of course they eat it,
but in that way,
in a pretty violent fashion...
they absolutely are top of the tree,
when it comes to the predators out here.
Beggars belief, doesn't it?
How can an animal survive...
Italian:
Anche se ferita,
non ha intenzione di cedere.
Davvero impressionante.
Non corre una goccia di buon sangue
tra questi due eterni avversari.
Nonostante tutto, la iena è ancora viva.
Vorrei potervi dire
che il motivo che spinge
un leone ad attaccare una iena
è unicamente quello di difendere il cibo.
In verità, i leoni
sono animali alquanto spietati,
pronti a uccidere qualsiasi animale,
sia esso predatore o meno.
Se non possono cibarsene,
lo lasciano sul posto.
Se possono cibarsene, lo divorano
con ferocia, in modo violento.
Sono decisamente i più feroci,
tra i predatori.
È incomprensibile, vero?
Come può un animale sopravvivere...
French:
Mais même celle qui a été blessée
n'abandonne pas.
C'est spectaculaire.
Il n'y a pas la moindre once d'amour
entre ces deux adversaires de toujours.
Mais cette hyène est toujours en vie.
J'aimerais vous dire que la seule raison
poussant un lion à attaquer une hyène
est de protéger son repas, mais bon...
Pour tout dire, les lions sont des brutes
qui cherchent à attraper
et tuer tout ce qu'ils trouvent,
qu'il s'agisse de prédateurs ou non.
S'ils ne constituent pas un repas,
alors ils le laissent.
Dans le cas contraire, bien sûr,
ils le mangent.
Mais ce qui est sûr,
c'est qu'ils sont très violents
et se placent au sommet de la hiérarchie
des prédateurs dans la région.
C'est incompréhensible.
Comment un animal peut survivre
German:
Aber selbst das verletzte Einzeltier
gibt nicht auf.
Erstaunliche Dramen.
Diese beiden ewigen Rivalen
können sich absolut nicht ausstehen.
Aber die Hyäne lebt noch.
Ich würde gern sagen, dass ein Löwe
eine Hyäne nur angreift, um seine Mahlzeit
zu verteidigen, aber wissen Sie was?
In Wahrheit sind Löwen ziemlich brutal
und versuchen,
so ziemlich alles zu packen und töten,
Raubtier oder nicht.
Wenn es keine Mahlzeit ist,
lassen sie es einfach liegen.
Wenn es eine ist,
fressen sie es natürlich,
sie sind also sehr gewalttätig.
Sie sind eines der Top-Raubtiere hier.
Es ist fast unglaublich, oder?
Wie kann ein Tier überleben...
English:
being suffocated, effectively,
by a male lion and still be breathing?
Not just breathing,
but have the will to live...
that is so keen that it gets up
and it goes.
Only a hyena... Only a hyena.
You may not think they're beautiful,
but my goodness,
you've got to respect them. You've got to.
French:
au fait d'avoir été égorgé par un lion
et continuer à respirer ?
Pas simplement continuer à respirer
mais avoir une telle envie de vivre
qu'elle se lève et repart.
Il faut être une hyène.
Il n'y a que les hyènes.
Vous ne les trouvez peut-être pas belles
mais, bon sang,
on ne peut que les respecter. Vraiment.
Italian:
dopo essere stato attaccato
alla gola da un leone maschio?
E non si limita a respirare.
Desidera vivere così tanto...
da trovare la forza
di rialzarsi e camminare.
Solo una iena poteva farcela.
Non saranno bellissime, ma, santo cielo,
si meritano rispetto. Se lo meritano.
German:
Sie wurde quasi von einem Löwen
erstickt und atmet immer noch.
Und nicht nur das, sie hat auch
einen so starken Überlebenswillen,
dass sie aufsteht und geht.
Das machen nur Hyänen.
Sie sind vielleicht nicht schön,
aber meine Güte,
man muss sie einfach respektieren.
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My roots
Hold me firm in the ground
Though the wind's blowing me, all around
My roots
Take minerals and water, from the deep dark
soil
Green leaves are factories
And they make all the food for me
When the Sun shines down photosynthesis happens to me
My stem, joins roots to my leaves, it holds me up
Towards the trees
My stem
It's a busy road carries water and minerals and sugar around
Green leaves are factories
And they make all the food for me
When the Sun shines down photosynthesis happens to me
My flowers
They wave in the breeze, their color and smell
attracts the bees
My flowers
Have so many parts, just look up close
Explore what they are
Green leaves are factories
And they make all the food for me
When the Sun shines down photosynthesis happens to me
Green leaves are factories and they make all the food for me
when the Sun shines down
Photosynthesis happens to me
green leaves are factories
And they make all the food for me
when the Sun shines down
photosynthesis happens to me
Please subscribe
hit the bell notification icon
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What is up Drama Alert nation! I'm your host
Killer Keemstar.
Let's Get right *wheezing* into the news!
Sorry I'm still sick, Listen guys!
This story of the Instagram model Christian Burns attacking the security guard at vidcon has gone viral!
Everybody is talking about it!
The mainstream media is talking about it!
And last night we actually got in contact with the Security Guard.
His name is joe
And we found out he has his own Instagram so we started pushing it out on twitter
And now he has more followers than Christian Burns.
He has 45,000 followers on Instagram.
I reached out to Joe, and asked him if he spoke with Christian, and he hasn't.
So, I thought it would be a great idea to get the security guard from VidCon, Joe.
On the line, right here, with Christian Burns.
Ladies and gentlemen, here we go.
Alright ladies and gentlemen these two havent spoke to eachother since vidcon
We have on the call, The security guard Joe and also Christian Burns
Uhh, Christian g-go ahead, y-you know what do you have to say to Joe
I mean all this uh all this stuff that happened everything thats going on is crazy
Doesn't make anything right for what i said like this is a genuine thing here like dude i mean
After all that *inaudible*
The reason I think this whole thing is funny is because after all and like seeing your face
And just like, like, being, seeing how chill you are
because like dude the thing was that I'm really sorry
like I was in a bad like er I was literally in a bad place at that time
I was stressed out I was, I took this out all on you
It was just er I lashed out ermm
I was a little bit intoxicated during that whole thing so
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
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Spanish:
Tal vez eres un ex mormón.
Un "foreman".
Y tal vez viste el episodio de South Park sobre
Joseph Smith, o el musical El Libro de Mormón.
Déjenme compartir con ustedes
algunas cosas que tal vez no sepan
sobre la Iglesia de Jesucristo
de los Santos de los Últimos Días.
Los mormones son creacionistas,
más o menos.
Tienen ceremonias en el templo donde
recrean la historia de la creación.
Aparecen Adán y Eva
y la idea de Dios
creando el universo en 6 días.
Pero ellos interpretan 6 días como
6 enormes cantidades de tiempo.
Seis períodos de creación.
¡Esperen! Tal vez cada período
fue de miles de millones de años.
Así piensan los mormones.
Dicho esto,
algunos creen que Adán y Eva surgieron
del Jardín del Edén hace varios miles de años.
Fue entonces cuando los humanos mortales
comenzaron a vivir en la Tierra.
Y debo señalar que los
evangelios mormones canonizados
English:
Maybe you're a former Mormon.
A foreman.
And maybe you saw the South Park episode about
Joseph Smith, or you saw The Book of Mormon musical.
Let me share with you, though,
a few things you still may not know
about the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints.
Mormons are creationists,
sort of.
They have temple ceremonies in which
they act out the creation story.
And it features Adam and Eve
and the idea of God
creating the universe in 6 days.
However, they interpret 6 days
as 6 large amounts of time.
Six creative periods.
And hey! Those periods may have been
billions of years long each.
That is how most Mormons think.
That said,
some of them still believe Adam and Eve emerged
from the Garden of Eden several thousand years ago.
That's when normal mortal humans
began living on Earth.
And I should point out
that canonized Mormon scripture
Chinese:
你可能「曾經」係一位摩門教信徒。
「曾經」。
又或者你可能睇過『衰仔樂園』嘅約瑟斯密，同埋摩門經嘅音樂劇。
等我話畀你知，一啲你可能唔會知道
『耶穌基督後期聖徒教會』嘅嘢。
1.摩門教係創造論。
有啲喇!
佢哋有啲聖殿儀式會演創世記嘅故事，
例如亞當同夏娃，
同埋上帝喺6日內創造世界嘅主題。
但係，佢哋將6日翻譯成「6段好長嘅時間」，
「6段創造階段」。
『咦!!!話唔定每段都有幾億萬年呢!』
呢個就係大部份摩門教徒認為嘅嘢。
咁即係話，
佢哋認為亞當同夏娃喺幾千年前出現過，
嗰段就係人類開始喺地球生活嘅時期。
但我要程稱返一樣嘢，
English:
clearly says the Earth
is only 7000 years old.
But most practicing Mormons
don't actually believe that.
Mormons believe there were
seven major prophets.
In other words, God revealed
his perfect gospel to a man
seven separate times.
To Adam,
Enoch,
Noah,
Abraham, Moses,
Jesus,
and finally Joseph Smith.
And since Jesus was awesome,
Joseph Smith is like super awesome.
In fact, Smith said he was better than Jesus,
because Jesus couldn't keep a church together.
Mormons know exactly where
the Garden of Eden was located.
It was in Missouri,
obviously.
And when Jesus returns,
he's going to build a new city there
called New Jerusalem.
And it will be his capital.
Mormons believe
we're as old as God.
Spanish:
dicen claramente que la Tierra
tiene sólo 7000 años.
La mayoría de mormones
practicantes no lo cree así.
Los mormones creen que hubo
7 profetas principales.
En otras palabras, Dios reveló
su evangelio perfecto a un hombre
en 7 ocasiones separadas.
A Adán,
Enoc,
Noé,
Abraham, Moisés,
Jesús,
y finalmente Joseph Smith.
Y puesto que Jesús fue genial,
Joseph Smith es como súper genial.
De hecho, Smith dijo que era mejor que Jesús,
porque Jesús no pudo mantener una iglesia unida.
Los mormones saben exactamente
dónde estaba el Jardín del Edén.
Estaba en Missouri,
obviamente.
Y cuando Jesús regrese,
va a construir una ciudad nueva allí
llamada Nueva Jerusalén.
Y esa será su capital.
Los mormones creen que somos
tan viejos como Dios.
Chinese:
正宗嘅摩門經係話過地球只係得7000歲命，
但反而有好多摩門教徒係唔信呢樣嘢喎!
2.摩門教認為呢嗰世界上只得7位先知。
換句話講，
上帝曾經向人類7次完美展示咗福音。
由亞當、
以諾、
挪亞、
亞伯拉罕、
摩西、
耶穌、
到最後約瑟斯密。
而耶穌係好勁，
約瑟斯密係超級勁。
約瑟斯密自己話過佢仲比耶穌更偉大，
因為耶穌無維系到教會。
3.摩門教好清楚知道伊甸園喺邊度。
答案係:密蘇里州。
好明顯㖭!
當耶穌返嚟嘅話，佢哋喺嗰度起個新城市
叫做「新耶路撒冷」，
當為佢哋嘅首都。
4.摩門教認為我哋同上帝一樣咁老。
Spanish:
Olvídate de que Dios es eterno
y nos creó hace miles de años.
Y olvídate de que evolucionamos
en el transcurso de millones de años.
Los mormones creen que
hemos existido por toda la eternidad.
Dios fue lo bastante bueno como para
darnos cuerpos físicos recientemente.
Los mormones creen
que podemos ser dioses.
Si eres un fiel servidor de dios,
y haces lo que Él te diga,
lo que sea,
después que mueres,
subes de nivel.
Serás resucitado.
El universo te obedecerá.
Crearás tu propio mundo.
Y prácticamente serás
tu propio Dios.
Pero esa oferta sólo aplica
si fuiste bautizado como mormón,
si pagas diezmo regularmente,
y si no haces nada gay.
Ah, las mujeres.
Esto sólo les aplica
si están casadas.
Y como irán más mujeres
al cielo que hombres,
tiene sentido que a los hombres se les
permita más de una esposa en la otra vida.
English:
Forget the idea that God is eternal
and created us several thousand years ago.
And forget the idea that we evolved
over the course of millions of years.
Mormons believe we have always existed
for all of eternity.
God was just nice enough recently
to give us physical bodies.
Mormons believe that we can be gods.
If you're a faithful servant of god,
and you do anything he says,
anything,
then after you die,
you get to level up.
You'll be resurrected.
The universe will obey you.
You get to create your own world.
And you basically get
to be your own God.
But that offer only applies
if you're baptized as a Mormon,
tithe regularly,
and don't do anything gay.
Oh, and women,
this only applies to you
if you're married.
And since more women are going
to get to heaven than men,
it just makes sense that men are allowed
to have more than one wife in the afterlife.
Chinese:
唔好理「上帝係永恆」、「佢喺幾百萬年前創造咗我哋」，
同埋「我哋係從幾百萬年前演變個嚟」嘅嘢先。
摩門教認為我哋一直以永恆嘅方式存在，
而上帝只係最近心情好先置畀肉體我哋嗟。
5.摩門教認為我哋可以成為上帝。
如果你肯服從上帝，肯願意為佢做任何嘢嘅話，
「任何嘢」
當你死咗後，
你就會「升呢」!
之後你就會復活，
到時候你會變咗上帝，
成個宇宙會屬於你，你可以創造你另一個世界。
但條先你必需受洗成為一位摩門教徒、
乘乘咁交十一奉獻，
同埋唔好搞基。
哎! 仲有女人嘅話，
呢樣嘢你哋要結婚先得，
由於天堂女人多過男人，
所以整一夫多妻完全完係合性合理。
Spanish:
Y si no llegas al reino celestial,
que es uno de los tres reinos,
pierdes tus genitales.
Sólo los que llegan
al reino de nivel superior
permanecen casados
y tienen bebés espirituales.
Los mormones creen que Dios
vive en el planeta Kolob.
Sí.
Kolob es el nombre de la estrella
más cercana al planeta
donde vive Dios.
Dios es sólo alguien
que subió de nivel hace mucho tiempo
en una galaxia
muy, muy lejana.
Y, por cierto,
si lees el evangelio mormón,
dice que Dios
determina el tiempo
en base a la rapidez
con que rota Kolob.
Los mormones tal vez tengan que
bautizarte por poder
para estar seguros.
Como el bautismo es un pre-requisito
para entrar al cielo,
a veces los mormones te van
a bautizar después de muerto.
Es por tu propio bien. No te conviertes
en dios si no estás bautizado.
Chinese:
如果你死咗之後無入到去佢哋所謂嘅天堂三種唔同程度榮耀中「高榮國度」，
你就會無咗生殖器官。
只有入到「高榮國度」嘅人
先能夠維持到緍姻同埋生靈魂BB。
6.摩門教認為上帝住喺『口拉卜』(Kolob)附近。
係呀!
『口拉卜』就係宜家上帝住緊星球最近嗰顆嘅恆星。
畢竟，上帝始終都係喺好耐之前由好遠嘅地方「升呢」嘅人。
仲有一樣嘢，如果你睇過摩門經嘅話，
佢話上帝會根據『口拉卜』嘅自轉嚟定義時間。
7.摩門教會可以代人受洗。
都係以防萬一嗟!
洗禮係上天堂嘅條件，
有陣時摩門教徒會喺你死咗後，幫你受洗。
『我都係為你好嗟! 你明唔明呀? 你唔受洗，你做唔到上帝。』
English:
And if you don't make it to the celestial kingdom,
which is one of the three heavens,
then you lose your genitals.
Only people who make it
to the top-level heaven
get to stay married
and make spirit babies.
Mormons believe God lives
near the planet Kolob.
Yeah.
Kolob is the name
of the star
nearest to the planet
God actually lives on.
After all, God is someone
who just leveled up a long time ago
in a galaxy far, far away.
And, by the way,
if you read Mormon scripture,
it says that God
determines time
based on how quickly
Kolob rotates.
Mormons may have to
baptize you by proxy
just to be safe.
Since baptism is a prerequisite
of getting into heaven,
sometimes Mormons will baptize you
even after you die.
I mean, it's for your own good, you know,
because you can't become a god if you're not baptized.
English:
Now, this is actually caused some horrible PR
for the church in recent years,
because a few years ago they actually tried
to baptize the body of Anne Frank,
the Jewish girl
who died in the holocaust.
Actually, they tried to baptize
tens of thousands of holocaust victims.
People were not very happy
with that idea.
The church kind of apologized and said
they didn't really mean to do that,
and you're only supposed to baptize
your dead relatives.
And some mormons actually think the whole
baptizing-the-dead thing is okay
because, you know, the dead person has a choice
of whether or not to accept your baptism.
Okay, about the special underwear.
Here's the deal with that:
Mormon underwear actually has special symbols on it
that signifies God is taking care of you.
Because, apparently, when Adam and Eve
came out of the Garden of Eden,
God apparently made clothes for them.
So, the church owns a company
that makes these special undergarments,
and members of the church are supposed
to buy their underwear
Spanish:
Esto causó serios problemas a la imagen
de la iglesia en los últimos años,
porque hace unos años intentaron bautizar
el cuerpo de Ana Frank,
la joven judía
que murió en el holocausto.
En realidad, intentaron bautizar a
decenas de miles de víctimas del holocausto.
A la gente no le
agradó mucho la idea.
La iglesia se disculpó y dijo
que en realidad no quiso hacer eso,
y que sólo se bautizan
los parientes muertos.
Algunos mormones piensan que todo este asunto
de bautizar muertos está bien
porque el difunto tiene la opción
de aceptar o no tu bautismo.
Sobre la ropa interior especial.
Este es el asunto:
La ropa interior mormona tiene símbolos especiales
que significan que Dios está cuidando de ti.
Al parecer, cuando Adán y Eva
salieron del Jardín del Edén,
Dios hizo ropa para ellos.
La iglesia posee una compañía que fabrica
estas prendas especiales,
y se supone que los miembros de la iglesia
compran su ropa interior
Chinese:
咁就搞到教會近排捲入啲風波，
因為佢哋幾年前想幫一位喺二次大戰被屠殺嘅猶太女仔Anne Frank受洗，
但其實佢哋仲諗注幫哂成千萬喺二次大戰被屠殺嘅猶太人受洗。
啲人對呢件事幾唔開心囉!
後尾教會都導歉，佢哋解釋唔係特登㗎!只係幫啲死咗嘅親戚受洗嗟!
而有啲摩門教徒覺得代死者受洗係無咩問題呀!
因為死者係有權選擇受唔受洗嘛!
8.好啦! 關於特別嘅內衣。
係咁嘅，
摩門教嘅底衫底褲係有特別標記，嚟表示上帝係保護緊你。
好明顥呀! 因為當亞同夏娃俾趕出伊甸園陣時，
上帝係有畀衫佢哋著。
所以教會自己有間公司專整嗰啲特別嘅內衣，
English:
through the church
that way.
That's where that whole thing
comes from.
There is a nasty racist past
to the Mormon Church.
Until 1978,
black people weren't allowed
into church leadership.
Sure, they could be members of the church
and hand over their money, that's totally fine,
but they couldn't be leaders.
It wasn't until 2013
that the church said,
"Yeah, we were totally wrong
about that one".
And finally, Mormons were
into hardcore polygamy.
Joseph Smith had up to 33 wives.
Some of whom were as young as 14.
Brigham Young, the second LDS prophet,
had over 50 wives.
We tend to think of Mormonism
and polygamy today
as something that's really confined
just to like super fundamentalist sex.
But most mormons still believe
polygamy will be practiced in the afterlife.
It's called Celestial Polygamy.
Look it up.
Spanish:
a través de la iglesia.
De ahí viene todo este asunto.
Hay un desagradable pasado racista
en la Iglesia Mormona.
Hasta 1978,
a los negros no se les permitía
el liderazgo de la iglesia.
Claro, podrían ser miembros de la iglesia
y entregarle su dinero, eso estaba bien,
pero no podían ser líderes.
No fue hasta 2013
que la iglesia dijo:
"Sí, estábamos totalmente
equivocados en eso".
Para finalizar, los mormones
eran polígamos intensos.
Joseph Smith llegó a tener 33 esposas.
Algunas tenían apenas 14 años.
Brigham Young, el segundo profeta
de los SUD, tuvo más de 50 esposas.
Hoy tendemos a pensar sobre
el mormonismo y la poligamia
como algo que sólo se limita
al sexo súper fundamentalista.
Pero la mayoría de los mormones todavía creen que
la poligamia será practicada en la otra vida.
Se llama Poligamia Celestial.
Investígalo.
Chinese:
信徒喺教會嗰度買底衫底褲著。
就係咁啦!
9.摩門教係有一段好黑暗嘅種類歧視歷史。
喺1978年前，
黑人係唔可以去做教會嘅領導職位。
當然，佢哋可以去做信徒、交會費，絕對無問題，
但就唔可以去做教會嘅領導職位。
直到2013年，教會先公開承認：
『係呀! 嗰陣時我哋錯得非常離譜。』
10.最後喇! 摩門教係一夫多妻嘅主義者。
約瑟斯密有33個位老婆，
有啲只係得14歲嗟!
楊百翰(Brigham Young)係摩門教嘅第2任會長，佢一生人娶咗50位老婆。
我哋認為宜家嘅摩門教同一夫多妻就好似「超級性主義者」。
但好多摩門教仍然認為一夫多妻喺冥界都會有，
佢哋叫Celestial Polygamy。
唔信? 自己查下。
Chinese:
我嗰名叫Hemant Mehta，我會喺FriendlyAtheist.com寫文。
你哋想嚟緊睇咩影片?
喺下底留言話畀我哋知，我哋會去睇㗎。
同埋千奇唔好唔記得訂閱呀!
English:
My name is Hemant Mehta
and I write at FriendlyAtheist.com
What do you want to see
a video about?
Let us know in the comments below
and we'll be sure to check it out.
And don't forget to subscribe.
Spanish:
Me llamo Hemant Mehta
y escribo en FriendlyAtheist.com
¿Sobre qué quieres ver un video?
Déjanos saber en los comentarios debajo
y nos aseguraremos de revisarlo.
Y no olvides suscribirte.
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The one person whom follows the world and will be followed forever.
Lot of great personalities have taken inspiration from him like
Subhas Chandra Bose
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Mahatma Gandhi
a well known scientist Tesla and the list goes on.
He was a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies
of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.
The person who spread the power of Ved & Upnishad knowledge across the world.
Who waved the flag of Hinduism in the whole world , he is SWAMI VIVEKANAND.
Hey everyone, welcome to EagleEye.
We are back once again with the second episode of biography series.
Today we are going to see the biography of Swami Vivekananda,
who founded the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission.
Best known for his speech which began with the words,
"Sisters and brothers of America..."
"It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us."
He introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.
At these words, Vivekananda received a two-minute standing ovation from the crowd of seven thousand.
Highlights of his speech say, he believes in oneness of god.
He told people to know the god,
leave the luxury and everyone should come forward & uplift the humanity.
He was very kind hearted.
One of his incident is, whenever he would see a monk or a Sanyasi,
[who gives up materialistic living , lives simple life & goes on a path to find the god]
Swamiji used to give all the things he had.
His parents saw this & locked him in a room.
And when he would see a monk through the window then he used to throw things towards them.
Vivekananda was born on 12th January, 1863
few moments before sunrise .
His birth name was Narendra Nath Dutt.
He got many visions. He visualized Bhagwan Gautam Buddha infront of him talking,
"Come here, your home is not your place. Your place is here."
One of his vision in sleep was that,
one man is living luxurious life, is married , well settled.
and another vision was another person left everything & started to walk on the path of god.
The process of becoming a Sanyasi stared right from his childhood.
He was very brillient and favourite to teachers,
intelligent and very straight forward.
He actively participeted in every aspects of school.
His literacy work:
Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, Raja Yoga are famous.
He was not very religious at start.
In 1879, when he graduated, he entered Precidency college of Calcutta
where Shubash Chandra Bose , C.V.Raman also had studied.
Yet he didn't know about Ramakrishna Paramhansa that time,
who, in later life became the spiritual master of Swamiji.
When he entered the college, he started following Brahmo Samaj.
The Brahmo Samaj was formed by
Raja Ram Mohan Roy to reform
Hindu society of social & religious evil
and eradicate practices like Sati & Caste system,
denounce polytheism and idol worship.
This influenced him a lot.
Once after delivering the speech, Swamiji fell on the floor and cried a lot.
He then thought and thought.
He thought that, here are people who are spending thousands of money on this program
and there are people in my country, who are not getting food to eat,
clothes to wear, they are dying of hunger.
People here are spending money on their dogs and pets and,
there my people don't even have enough money for their own children.
Being emotional is not a weakness, its a strength.
Many powerful people were emotional like A. Lincoln, M. Gandhi.
The last words of Ramakrishna Paramhansa to Swamiji were,
"I've given you all the knowledge I had.
Now it is your responsibility to spread that knowledge to whole world."
Vivekananda propogated that,
the essence of Hinduism was best expressed in Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta philosophy.
He believed that the Absolute is both: immanent and transcendent.
His Neo-Advaita reconciles Dvaita or dualism and Advaita or non-dualism.
He summarized the Vedanta as follows, giving it a modern and Universalistic interpretation.
Each soul is potentially divine.
The goal is to manifest this Divinity within
by controlling nature: external and internal.
Do this either by work, or worship,
or mental discipline, or philosophy
by one, or more, or all of these—and be free.
This is the whole of religion.
Doctrines or dogmas or rituals or books or temples or forms are but secondary details.
Nationalism was a prominent theme in Vivekananda's thoughts.
He believed that a country's future depends on its people,
and his teachings focused on human development.
He wanted to set in motion a machinery
which will bring noblest ideas to the doorstep of even the poorest and the meanest.
Vivekananda linked morality with control of the mind,
seeing truth, purity and unselfishness as traits which strengthened it.
He advised his followers to be holy, unselfish and to have faith.
He supported Brahmacharya, believing it, the source of his physical and mental stamina and eloquence.
He emphasized that, success was an outcome of, focused thought and actions
In his lectures on Raja Yoga he said,
He stayed in the West for almost two years.
He travelled England, France, Germany, Italy to spread his teachings.
People were electrified and many became his disciples.
He also founded Vedanta Society in New York.
Basically he taught the whole west his philosophy and people were lost in him.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar said,
The first Governor General of independent India,
C. Rajagopalachari said,
According to Subhas Chandra Bose,
a proponent of armed struggle for Indian independence,
For Gandhi, Vivekananda's influence increased Gandhi's love for his country a thousand fold.
Vivekananda influenced India's independence movement.
His writings inspired freedom fighters such as
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Aurbindo Ghosh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak
and Bagha Jatin.
Many years after Vivekananda's death, Rabindranath Tagore said,
Jamsetji Tata was inspired by
Vivekananda to establish the Indian Institute of Science,
one of India's best-known research universities Abroad.
In September 2010, India's Finance Ministry highlighted the relevance of Vivekananda's teachings
and values to the modern economic environment.
The former president of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee,
approved in principle, the Swami Vivekananda Values Education Project at a cost of ₹1 billion rupees (US$14 million),
with objectives including:
involving youth with competitions, essays, discussions and study circles
and publishing Vivekananda's works in a number of languages.
In 1899, he again travelled the West and India.
But his health kept on declining and he knew that,
his final time is coming.
He already announced that, he will not see his 40th birthday.
He also felt that, his mission on Earth was over.
And in his last days, he was completely lost in gods through meditation.
Finally, while he was in his samadhi,
he got salvation in 1902 at the age of 39.
All wept like a child, but there was a sudden breeze, assuring everyone that,
Angels never die.
So guys, this was the second episode of biography series.
If you liked the video, hit the like button and subscribe our channel for more such videos.
It really gives us the boost.
Please give us your feedback in the comments section below.
Take care guys.
Jai Hind.
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English:
You are listening, yes
but are you getting hold of a little something
that resembles the Real?
... in the difficult task...
of getting you to understand, this evening, let us say... something
can you hear?
you can't hear.
(Lacan, Us and the Real - 6)
... and like this, can you hear?
Lacan, Us and the Real - sixth session
So last time I tried to
talk about what the project could now be
which would drive us
which would be this Impossible School of Psychoanalysis
Italian:
State ascoltando. Si, ma vi prendete un piccolo qualche cosa che assomiglia al reale?
Nel compito difficile di far intendere questa sera, diciamo, qualche cosa
Sentite?
Non si sente.
Lacan, noi e il Reale - VI
E cosí si sente?
Lacan, noi e il Reale, sesta seduta.
L’ultima volta ho provato a parlare di ciò che potrebbe essere il progetto
che ci piacerebbe portare avanti e che sarebbe quello della scuola impossibile della Psicoanalisi.
English:
I'm going to try to delve into what this impossible means
so the impossible, indeed
I would say, the great Lacanian discovery
is to posit the Real as impossible
(The impossible is Real.)
This is where Lacan's teaching radically dissociates itself
from the philosophical teaching that precedes it
because the real - in a way - in philosophy, up until Lacan
is, on the contrary, something necessary.
it belongs to the dimension of necessity
Italian:
Proverò di scavare un po’ su che cosa vuol dire impossibile.
Si tratta della grande scoperta lacaniana di mettere il Reale come impossibile.
Ed è in questo che l’insegnamento lacaniano
si dissocia radicalmente dall’insegnamento filosofico che gli preesiste.
Perché il Reale, nella filosofia fino a Lacan è qualche cosa che è necessario.
Si tratta di una dimensione dell’ordine della necessità.
English:
However, Lacan, through play on meanings:
'which doesn't stop not writing itself'
'which doesn't stop writing itself', etc.
inter-defines the necessary, the contingent, the real - sorry... the impossible and the possible
so, the notion of the Real, in fact - because this seminar is called 'Lacan, Us and the Real' -
is really the crucial dimension of Lacan's teaching
and we will see that, precisely
its crucial position is not due to it being something substantial
on the contrary, the Real is something insubstantial
and, because we're coming back to this idea of the Impossible School
it would mean 'Real School of Psychoanalysis'
and we realize that actually, that the institutionalized schools
Italian:
Invece Lacan attraverso dei giochi di senso con “Che non cessa di non scriversi” e “che non cessa di scriversi”
definisce il necessario, il contingente, l’impossibile, il possibile.
La nozione di Reale, poiché questo seminario si chiama Lacan noi e il reale,
e veramente la dimensione centrale dell’insegnamento lacaniano
e vedremo giustamente ciò che fa della sua posizione una posizione centrale
non è che si tratta di qualche cosa di sostanziale, al contrario il Reale è non sostanziale...il Reale,
e poiché si ritorna a questa idea della scuola impossibile
e vorrebbe dire scuola reale della psicoanalisi
English:
ultimately, like all institutions, end up giving in
to a kind of entropy that becomes apparent in every establishment
originally the university serves to deliver universal knowledge
and then, little by little, the university becomes a place for training academics
so the ability of academics to navigate their way through university power structures
will take priority over knowledge itself
and we'll see that the most eminent people at the university are maybe the least academic
because they're the ones who had the 'intelligence' - the 'political intelligence'
to make a place for themselves in the system
instead of being totally devoted...
Italian:
e qui percepiamo che le scuole che sono delle istituzioni finalmente come tutte le istituzioni
finiscono per cedere a una forma di entropia che si espande da ogni messa in opera.
All’inizio l’università è qui per apportare dei saperi universali,
poi poco a poco, l’università diventerà un luogo per formare degli universitari.
E quindi la competenza degli universitari a farsi un cammino
nei meandri del potere universitario diventa qualche cosa di prioritario rispetto al sapere stesso.
E vedremo che le persone più …dell’università sono forse le meno universitarie di tutti.
Sono quelli che hanno avuto l’intelligenza tra virgolette,
l’intelligenza politica anche tra virgolette di aprirsi un posto nel sistema
English:
putting all their energy into the research they were supposed to do
so with the schools of psychoanalysis themselves, we see that it's the exact same thing
if you take a look around - as you know, sometimes I'm on social media
much more on Facebook than Twitter, but also Twitter...
and, well, there are these themes
for example, 'The Object-Gaze', which is being studied by the ECF (École de la Cause Freudienne)
and they are talking total nonsense about the object-gaze
they're making it into this sort of 'topic'
and everyone says their piece about the object-gaze
and it's nonsense - it seriously departs from the Lacanian notion of gaze as object
because it's an academic (university) perspective which gets staged
so it's not the gaze as a residue of objet a
Italian:
piuttosto che essere interamente consacrati con la loro energia alla ricerca che erano supposti fare.
Per le scuole di psicoanalisi stesse ci accorgiamo che si tratta esattamente la stessa cosa.
Poiché di tanto in tanto faccio un giro sui social network come sapete,
molto di più su facebook che tweeter ma anche su tweeter…
E infatti ci sono dei temi.
In questo momento per esempio l’oggetto sguardo e uno dei temi a cui sta lavorando l’ECF.
E dicono delle baggianate sull’oggetto sguardo.
Ne fanno una specie di topico e tutti mettono la loro idea sull’oggetto sguardo e non va bene!
Ci si allontana radicalmente dalla nozione di sguardo come oggetto in Lacan.
Perché è una dimensione universitaria che è messa in scena qui;
non è per nulla l’oggetto sguardo come un residuo dell’oggetto a.
English:
That which looks at me (concerns me) doesn't see me
we can't talk about it that way
and in the dimension, let's say, of a school which has become an institution
you can see right away that the University Discourse is totally dominant
which means that even the leaders of these schools - because they are leaders
they are bosses, who provide orientations, etc, of 'conquests of territory'
and, well, it resembles the functioning of a corporation
what is secondary - the shadow of the original discourse
has come to dominate the core, the heart of the activity
Italian:
Non ne se può parlare in questo modo, e giustamente, nell’ambito di una scuola
che è diventata un’istituzione,
vedrete rapidamente che è il Discorso Universitario ad essere ultra dominante.
E ciò fa si che anche i leader di queste scuole,
poiché sono dei leader dei capi che danno gli orientamenti di conquista del territorio,
assomigliano al modo in cui funzionano le imprese.
Chi è secondo, l’ombra del discorso originale è diventata dominante rispetto al cuore stesso dell’attività
English:
the very core of the activity becomes secondary
it's not psychoanalysis anymore
University / academic psychoanalysis is like decaf coffee
it's psychoanalysis without the Real of psychoanalysis
they are texts, statements, which lack the enunciating agency
which Lacan calls precisely the 'grain of sand' of enunciation
it's that which, as Real, comes up against symbolic causality
enunciation: the grain of sand
the Real - as Lacan says - only things that stumble or misfire have a cause
because when we're in causality, we're in the Symbolic, while the Real
Italian:
che è diventata secondaria.
Non è più della psicoanalisi.
La psicoanalisi universitaria è come un caffé decaffeinato.
Vale a dire che è la psicoanalisi senza il Reale della psicoanalisi.
Ci sono dei testi degli enunciati nei quali manca l’istanza dell’enunciazione
giustamente chiamata da Lacan, il granello di sabbia dell’enunciazione.
Perché l’istanza dell’enunciazione è ciò che arriva in quanto reale per contrariare la causalità simbolica.
Il Reale, come dice Lacan, non c’è causa che quando qualche cosa non va.
Perché quando siamo nella causalità siamo nel simbolico.
English:
is precisely not - the minimal definition of the Real
is 'what cannot be symbolized'.
Only things that stumble have a cause. - Lacan
So when I talk to you about this Impossible School of Psychoanalysis
it means 'Real School of Psychoanalysis'
that's a first... equivalency of the term 'impossible'
and then, of course, that's where there's a kind of semantic acrobatics
I'm going to reference Slavoj Žižek again...
Italian:
Invece la definizione minimale di Reale è che proprio ciò che non può essere simbolizzato.
Quando vi parlo di questa scuola impossibile della psicoanalisi vuol dire scuola reale della psicoanalisi.
È una prima equivalenza del termine impossibile.
In seguito avviene una sorta di acrobazia semantica.
Una volta non è abitudine e mi riferisco a Zizek.
Italian:
Allora ho visto che c’era anche Alenka Zupancic, non so come si pronuncia, è slovacco,
che apparentemente anche lei è una delle rare persone ad aver capito il Reale di Lacan.
Slavoj Zizek, che ne è all’origine, colui che mi ha permesso di rivalutare tutto ciò che credevo aver capito di Lacan
attraverso le proprie interpretazioni che ne faceva,
qualche anno fa, forse dieci o quindici anni fa, tra il 2000 e il 2005,
ha scritto un libro assolutamente impressionante che si chiama organo senza corpo, Deleuze e conseguenze.
English:
because Slavoj Žižek is -
though I saw that there's also Alenka Zupančič
who is apparently another rare example of someone who has understood the Lacanian Real
so, Slavoj Žižek, who is at the origin for me
the one who allowed me to re-evaluate everything I thought I had understood of Lacan
by way of his own interpretations
a few years ago, maybe 10 or 15, between 2000 and 2005
he came out with an extraordinary book called Organs Without Bodies: Deleuze and Consequences
and, in this book
Italian:
In questo libro parla di qualche cosa di molto pertinente
che ci serve oggi sia per circoscrivere questo concetto di Reale sia per avvicinarsi all’idea di una scuola,
quella che potrebbe essere questa scuola impossibile della Psicoanalisi,
questa scuola che non elimina il Reale.
Slavoj Zizek fa un parallelo estremamente pertinente tra il Reale e il Virtuale fino al punto in cui
arriva a un’identità speculativa un po’ alla Hegel, è un grande specialista di Hegel,
per lui il Reale è uguale al Virtuale.
English:
he talks about something very relevant
and which will help us today in grasping this concept of the Real
as well as approaching the idea of the School - what could this School be?
This Impossible School of Psychoanalysis - which doesn't evacuate the Real
Slavoj Žižek creates an extremely relevant parallel
between the Real and the virtual
whereby he attains a speculative identity -- Hegel-style
he's a serious Hegel specialist
for him, the Real = the virtual.
English:
The Real is virtual / its existence is virtual / its effects are Real
so, the first aspect of that to be brought out, of course
is to differentiate, immediately and categorically:
virtual reality, which is an extremely poor and banal idea
because it involves digitalisation
it involves reproducing via a digital medium
reality such as we believe that we perceive it
so that's virtual reality, and the 'digital world'.
so, we have to distinguish virtual reality from the reality OF the virtual
that is, this little conjunction 'of' which is placed between reality and the virtual
which posits 'the virtual' as a noun (a masculine or neutral noun in French)
Italian:
La prima sfumatura è differenziare subito a priori
La realtà virtuale, che è un’idea estremamente povera e banale poiché si tratta di digitalizzazione.
E quindi si tratta di riprodurre su un supporto numerico la realtà come noi crediamo di percepirla.
Si tratta della realtà virtuale ed è il mondo digitale tra virgolette.
Si tratta di differenziare la realtà virtuale
dalla realtà del virtuale
con questa piccola congiunzione “del” messa tra realtà e virtuale”
English:
so it's the virtual as neutral
in this sense we'll see how we can assimilate it to the Real
and, of course, it will help us in our project, which is
that it's also a virtual School of Psychoanalysis in the sense that
in the sense in which we just defined it - the Real is virtual, and that's why there's the term 'impossible'
then we'll come back to this notion of impossible -- I hope you'll have questions
so, what does it mean to say that the Real is the virtual?
first off, 'the reality of the virtual' -- I'm going to try to define this in the same way Žižek does
it means the very efficiency of the virtual
the way in which the virtual
Italian:
che diventa maschile o neutro, è il virtuale in quanto neutro.
Vediamo in cosa possiamo assimilarlo al Reale.
Sicuramente servirà il nostro progetto visto che è una scuola “virtuale" della psicoanalisi
nel senso in cui definiamo il virtuale è il Reale.
Quindi è per questo che c’è il termine impossibile.
Dopo ci ritorneremo e spero che avrete delle domande su questa nozione di impossibile.
Dunque, che cosa vuol dire, il Reale è il Virtuale?
Prima di tutto...piuttosto la realtà del virtuale, proverò a definirlo cosi come lo fa Zizek stesso,
vale a dire l’efficienza stessa del virtuale;
English:
contrary to what we might at first think -- something with little effect or impact
is in fact what has the most impact
so, Žižek proposes a scrutiny of the Lacanian triad
-- Imaginary, Symbolic and Real -- in terms of the notion of the virtual
What would the Imaginary virtual then be?
here, he gives the example of the fact that when we address someone
or when we listen to someone, like you are listening to me right now
Italian:
il modo in cui il virtuale contrariamente a come lo si può immaginare, che sia qualche cosa che non ha degli effetti o un impatto,
ma è ciò che ha più d' impatto.
Zizek propone di vagliare nella triade lacaniana Immaginario Simbolico e Reale, questa nozione di virtuale.
Quindi che cosa sarebbe questo Virtuale immaginario?
Fa l’esempio di quando noi ci indirizziamo a qualcuno o quando ascoltiamo qualcuno,
come voi che mi state ascoltando in questo momento,
Italian:
di come quindi ne cogliate di me che una parte.
Vale a dire che voi sapete che, come tutti, io sudo, che vado alle toilette, per non citare tutte le cose che potrebbero disturbare…
Ma sceglierete giusto una parte della mia immagine con la quale interagirete.
In qualche modo siete nella virtualità dell’immagine che rappresento, si tratta del virtuale immaginario.
E non è perché si tratta di virtuale immaginario che non abbia degli effetti reali,
English:
you are only getting part of me
that is, you know that, like everyone else
I sweat, I go to the toilet...
... not to cite a bunch of disturbing things
you will choose just a part of my image to engage with
so there, in a sense, you're dealing in the virtuality of the image that I represent
it's the Imaginary virtual
and just because it's the Imaginary virtual doesn't mean that it won't have real effects, because
what I say or what you understand of what I am saying
Italian:
poiché ciò che dirò o ciò che capirete di ciò che dico in funzione del modo in cui intenderete i miei propositi e metabolizzarli,
avrà degli effetti su di voi.
C’è una efficienza reale del virtuale immaginario.
Questo è l’aspetto del virtuale immaginario.
In seguito c’è il virtuale simbolico.
Come potremmo approcciarlo questo virtuale simbolico....Qui sarà ancora più facile, direi.
Ritorniamo al mito originale freudiano del padre della orda primordiale che diventa padre che alla propria morte.
Vale a dire che la legge può aver luogo in quel momento.
Come possiamo interpretare questo nella nostra vita di tutti i giorni?
È molto semplice.
Partiamo dall’autorità paterna.
English:
according to the way you understand and digest my ideas will have effects on you
so there is a Real efficacy in the Imaginary virtual
that's the Imaginary aspect of the virtual
next, there's the Symbolic virtual
how can we approach the Symbolic virtual? Here, I would say, it's even easier
we'll return to the original Freudian myth of the Father of the Primal Horde
who only becomes the Father through his own death
that is, the Law can instate itself at that moment
how can we interpret this in the terms of our daily life?
it's very simple -- here we're talking about paternal authority
English:
if you see a child in relation to its father, the paternal authority being exerted
this authority can only be effective if it is virtualized
that's the Symbolic virtual -- if the father is, for example, in himself
someone excessive or violent
who yells at and hits his child, etc.
in a sense he himself diminishes the notion of authority
because he seems to be this stupid scarecrow governed by impulses, etc.
however, if he is not (physically) there and his authority is only a gaze (precisely, we were just talking about gaze)
the father's gaze insofar as it is a part of this authority makes the child obey
because Symbolic authority -- the Law --
Italian:
Se vedete un bambino in relazione a suo padre e all’autorità paterna che si sviluppa,
questa autorità non può essere veramente efficace che se è resa virtuale.
Questo è il virtuale del simbolico.
Se il padre stesso, per esempio è qualcuno di eccessivo, di violento che urla a suo figlio o lo picchia, ecc.,
in qualche modo è lui stesso a indebolire la nozione di autorità
perché ha l’aria di un manichino stupido in preda alle sue proprie pulsioni.
English:
requires a certain belief, in a system
which doesn't need to be actualized at every instant. The threat alone makes the Law
so that's the virtuality of the Symbolic
Which we can also recognize in the fact that today
on a broader and more political scale (I spoke about it this morning)
we don't directly believe in what we believe
when you believe
what you believe
English:
you believe you are believing
that is, for our belief to be effective
there always needs to be someone else believing in our stead
for example, when we talk about religious fundamentalists, etc.
we're always talking about someone else who's doing the believing -- we don't really believe
the very notion of religious protocol
is something that mediates this belief
that is, we mediate the action of believing because otherwise we don't believe directly
because in a sense, belief is always virtual
and it hinges on the very structure of words
'believing' can never be direct --
because the word itself possesses its own reflexivity
English:
so when I believe, I can only believe that I am believing, the word reflects back on itself
it's the reflexivity proper to semantics -- therefore, I cannot believe directly
so, all of our beliefs are mediated
this means that in the same way that we believe in Santa Claus, we believe in elections -- that is, in democracy
because even if we don't really believe in it, like kids do
there is something in us that doesn't want to spoil the belief for someone else who really believes in it
so we harbour in ourselves an other who would really believe, in democracy
because we can very well see that we're not in a democracy, it's so obvious
English:
how can we be in a democracy and arrive in a deadlock such that the two main candidates are practically interchangeable
they belong to the same system and the nuances of their platforms are ridiculous
and so far removed from the political questions that should be relevant for our society
we can see that the virtuality of the Symbolic is effective in the domains of the Law and belief
and this is the Real, in a sense, because we have seen that the virtual is the Real
if we approach the virtuality of the Real, that is, the Real of the Real
English:
this is what we're going to find -- it's quite close actually, in what I spoke about in the beginning with the University
as soon as there are rules, and an official and explicit text
what constitutes the community of those who adhere to this official, explicit text
is what is precisely not official and explicit, what is between the lines
(reading between the lines is better for your eyes)
because here, we're going to find the notion of obscenity
whether it's --
Žižek gives the example of the army
English:
the army has a series of rules which must be obeyed
but what creates the solidarity of an army is not these rules, it's how they deal between the rules
in their ways, which are even more vile, I would say
that's where there are instances of bullying, initiation rites, homosexuality -- obscene things
things that are never officially recognized, which are the Real of the Symbolic rules
so we see that the Real is what doesn't fit in the Symbolic, what can't be covered by the Symbolic
the Real is an inherent limit of the Symbolic
we find that in the United States with the Ku Klux Klan
English:
there are the official rules of the community of white people who organize laws of the State, etc.
and then, between the lines of the official rules, those who participate in the punishment rituals of the KKK
and it can happen that those rules are more recognized by the community, while they work against the written law
while they are invested in these unwritten laws which are precisely those of the Real
so you can see that in this domain of the Real virtual
we have something that resembles the superego
that's why the superego is of the order of the Real
English:
in the Lacanian description of the passage from -- the Ideal Ego, in identification
the Ideal Ego is when you identify yourself directly with someone's features -- someone you admire as a child, someone you'd like to be
here, we're in the Imaginary -- that is, it's a direct identification
that's the topic of the Imaginary -- when you're in the Symbolic, it's the Ego-ideal
that is, you don't identify yourself directly with the one you love
however, you put yourself in a position that makes you seem (to yourself) worthy of being loved by the one that you love
there, you're in Symbolic identification
you do things in a way that makes you lovable in the eyes of the one that you love - that's the Ego-ideal
English:
between the two, what language (the Symbolic) can't cover, there is the superego
and the superego is so terrible, has such ravaging effects
because it is Real
it doesn't fit, it escapes the framework of the Symbolic
that's why Lacan says that causality is Symbolic, but the Cause is Real
Only things that stumble have a cause -- there is a cut, we can't go back
what happens with the superego is that the superego usually gives you contradictory commands
that is, it will force you to do something, and make fun of you if you can't do it
humour is the only thing we can use against the superego
because it has a certain humour itself, but it's a very nasty sense of humour
English:
the superego is pretty brutal!
for neurotics, at least
because it's precisely something that's missing in psychosis
of course, in the clinic it's not the same thing when it's a question of regulating the relationship with this superego
and that's where there's something very interesting about the complete relevance of psychoanalysis today
it's never been more relevant
we have never needed psychoanalysis more than we do today.
and this precisely because its paradigm has changed
that is, in Freud's era, psychoanalytic subversion
English:
occurred in the sense that the superego was so well ingrained, embodied, in a way
so psychoanalysis rather had the function of liberating frustrations that were unbearable for subjects
because they had internalized such powerful prohibitions
that they couldn't have a blossoming sexual life, they were inhibited in their own acts, etc.
so psychoanalysis, at that time, had the role of allowing them to understand the construction behind things
that is, how desire, through the mediation of fantasy
had come to play a part such that the perception of the world
made it such that these subjects were unable to access certain things
English:
and the potential of the drives had to be somehow liberated
at least, insofar as they nourish desire
but today the paradigm is completely different
because in today's society it's totally different
since today, the injunction IS 'enjoy!'
ENJOY! If you don't enjoy it's bad, you're not normal.
today everything is arranged so that we are bombarded all day long
with the news, advertisements, everything that goes on in the media, etc.
with an injunction to enjoy
"You don't have such and such object, you don't have the latest Apple product that just came out..."
English:
"You don't have the latest console, you don't have....
... you don't have a sex life where you have 40 partners in a week..."
all this is today a permanent injunction to enjoyment
WITH the counterpoint of, "If you do not enjoy" -- consuming is enjoying -- "you are guilty. You aren't enjoying enough".
so today, psychoanalysis is occupied with -- since it's a clinic of discourse --
making the subject able to detach her/himself enough from the dominant discourses
to create a space in which s/he is no longer obligated to enjoy
we remove the obligation to enjoyment. It doesn't mean we prohibit enjoyment, it's not the same thing
English:
but there is no more obligation to enjoy.
You do not have to profit.
this means that there is breathing room
that's why Lacan said that psychoanalysis is an artificial lung
in this possibility of a two-person social link that the analysand can forge with the analyst
in this clinic of discourse there is the possibility for the subject analysand
to open up a new space in which he is no longer obligated to enjoy
or to feel guilty. So s/he is liberated from guilt
which has been weighing on her/him in an irrational way since the beginning
regardless of what s/he has done, guilt weighs on her/him.
English:
IT'S YOUR FAULT !!!!
that's also the confusion between guilt and responsibility, but we'll return to that
because I wanted to take advantage of the relevance of psychoanalysis and of
and of this virtual School of Psychoanalysis, this Impossible School
to remind you -- Žižek does, too, and he's right to do it --
that Freud as well as Lacan
unlike those who are at the top of the psychoanalytic institutions today
or all these psychoanalysts who read texts, putting themselves in the position of those who give lessons to others
English:
so, of professors -- it's not an accident that they're all university professors
actually Freud and Lacan were researchers
they are able to emit hypotheses
and, a few years later, question these hypotheses
and to realize that there had been an error
and the mistake that brings about the most subversive dimension of psychoanalysis
which is that at the beginning, for Freud,
trauma -- which is Real -- was, according to his idea
something terrible that had happened
and the Symbolic network, that is, the words through which the subject was able to register her/himself
English:
had been re-routed, twisted
shaken up, unmoored, by an event
which was traumatic, Real, and that it was a question of finding where and how it happened
there was at that time also Otto Rank's research on birth trauma
but it was leading nowhere
and then, after Freud's famous analysis of the Wolf Man
remember that the Wolf Man realizes that -- no, Freud realizes that
the child saw the 'coitus a tergo' -- in Latin terms
today, in certain places, we would call it 'doggy style'
English:
but at the time, people still spoke Latin, unlike our Minister of Education, a bright light shining above us
"I regret these thoughtless and unfounded remarks."
so, the Wolf Man would have seen the parental coitus a tergo
and, over the course of analysis, Freud realizes that
the trauma wasn't there. When he saw that it didn't traumatize him at all
it's just that it's incomprehensible for a child
so we have a sort of equivalent to this scene
English:
-- you know I'm a big fan of David Lynch --
in 'Blue Velvet'
there is Isabella Rossellini, and Dennis Hopper
and Kyle Maclachlan in the closet
and there's a scene where Dennis Hopper has a gas mask on
and he breathes in this very violent way -- with Darth Vader in Star Wars it's kind of the same thing
and he gives violent commands to Isabella Rossellini, like "open your legs", "show it", etc.
and Kyle Machlachlan is watching from the closet
English:
we can say that this is a typical construction of a child who saw a sexual scene
but it's not a sexual scene that traumatizes her/him, it's that there are no words for it
so it can't fit into her/his Symbolic space
and when it doesn't fit into the Symbolic, it creates a hole in the Symbolic fabric
and because it creates a hole, s/he is going to try to sew up the hole with stories
and that's a story, for example -- hearing the intense breath of the father during the act
or the mother's screams, etc --
it becomes this mask on the face, the passivity of the mother which is experienced in a certain way
everything gives rise to a Symbolic interpretation, a Symbolic putting-into-words of this traumatic scene
English:
which is traumatic only in the sense that we can't quite manage to suture the thing
so it was when he had elaborated his own theory of what it was
so, after the fact, that the memory comes in
and there, the trauma is
the Real is something that comes retroactively - that's the Freudian 'Nachtrag'
when s/he isn't able to suture it that the memory comes back and assumes the status of a trauma
language is a poor tool
that's why we have no idea of the Real
it's Real to the extent that the minimal definition of the Real for Lacan
English:
it that it cannot be inscribed into the Symbolic
there is something that escapes, like I told you earlier -- what escapes the regulations of the army
it's super regulated - the way one must place a knife and fork at the officers' mess
nothing is given to chance -- it cannot cover the Real
the Real is what slips in between the lines, what can't be normalized
and that's the strongest stuff, that's what holds the place of the virtual
we come back to the etymological origin of 'virtual' -- 'virtus' which means 'strength'
so we can see that the virtual is precisely what is powerful
so, to finish with the Wolf Man
English:
Freud notices that it isn't the trauma that is original for the subject
it's at the stage when the subject is in the Symbolic and is trying to put words on what happened
and it doesn't work -- s/he doesn't manage to suture it, and it keeps overflowing
there, retroactively -- we go back to the retroactive logic of the signifier in Lacan
we signal a Real that SHOULD HAVE happened -- that's where the Real is a logical moment --
for it to have had a direct effect on the subject
the future will have been anterior
it's only retroactively, because it hasn't been written into the symbolic thread
English:
and at the beginning, Freud, like all of us, thought that
first there is the symbolic space
because language pre-exists us, and as the Scriptures say, "at the beginning there was the Word"
the Word has always been there
and so, there would have been a perfect Word
that is, a perfect Symbolic situation exists
which a Real would have then come to disturb
and then he realizes that that's not it at all
it's that the Symbolic space is already perforated
because otherwise there would be no space for the Real to exist
English:
'in the real, at the same time hole and light'
that's why Žižek is right to drive the point home, with Miller and Soler
because they are academics who have no idea of the Lacanian Real
because they make it into a 'Real unconscious'
as if under the unconscious, there was another unconscious
-- more real, more substantial, etc.
English:
there Miller regresses to a catastrophic Jungian level
because the unconscious, for Lacan as for Freud, is not something that determines the phenomenology of our acts 'a priori'
it is something that is born at the moment of the renewed social link between analyst and analysand
and it takes hold in the speech of the analysand that the analyst interprets
the unconscious exists in words
so, ''the unconscious structured like a language" is the only one!
English:
Lacan even says it, "there is only one unconscious, and I think about it all the time, every day."
well, yeah!
so... let's say the initial Freudian ideal
of a Symbolic thread -- a speech that would be perfect
because it's a divine speech, in a way
let's not forget that Freud was Jewish, and even though he claims to be atheist
and his last book calls monotheism into question...
he himself undermines the possibility of his discovery being appropriated by Judaism
English:
and in this he removes himself from Judaism
nonetheless, in 'Mittel Europa' he was one of the most cultured people in the world
Freud was extremely well-read
all of a sudden, the radical subversiveness of his contribution...
of what he speaks of, of the unconscious
is that the Symbolic space --
he doesn't say it like that, these are still Lacanian words
now I'm much more immersed in Lacanian terminology because
Lacan takes -- he doesn't challenge any of what Freud says -- he takes all of Freud,
situates himself in the Freudian tradition, and deploys all of its logical consequences
it's that the Symbolic is already perforated
so Lacan will later say that logic itself is perforated
English:
THE REAL IS THE NON-ALL OF REALITY
that's why, in the entire Lacanian conceptual arsenal
which is absolutely rigorous in terms of logic
at some point, there is a hole. In this hole he needs to put a myth
that is, the myth of Lamella, the Lacanian Lamella
which is an equivalent of the Freudian myth but displaced, for Lacan
of the Freudian Primal Father of the Horde
it's the myth of the Lamella, the 'Hommelette' -- ('omelette-man')
you know the expression...?
no? He talks about the 'Hommelette'
that is, we are omelette-men
and the Freudian discovery is that actually there is a hole
English:
and then Žižek creates a frightening parallel
you know that at one point there is a correlation
between Freud and Einstein
and incidentally Einstein is extremely respectful of Freud
and Einstein accomplishes the exact same reversal with quantum physics
that is, at the beginning, in his conceptualization
he thinks that the universe is curved because the density of matter creates the curvature of the universe
but since he, too, like Lacan and Freud, is a thinker
he's not an academic
he stages his own speech, his own research
he discovers that in fact, that's not it
English:
actually, the universe is ALREADY curved
the curve of the universe takes priority, and
and matter itself then comes in, representing the possibility of forgetting this curvature
but the universe is already curved, just as the space of the Symbolic is already curved
so whether it's in the field of science or the field of quantum physics, the exact same principles are at stake
so here we have -- we can say that the Real of psychoanalysis
is not quite the same as the Real of science
at least, science as scientists present it
but the subject of psychoanalysis, its touch of Real, is the same: it's the Cartesian subject
and to provide an example of what this Real virtuality is
English:
because I was on the topic of the Real qua virtual
the clearest example is a scientific one: think of a particle attractor
so, imagine a giant magnet
and iron particles that organize themselves into a curve
with what we call the limit function in mathematics
coming as close as possible to it without ever being able to meet it
and this force field, which doesn't exist in a substantial way
which doesn't exist in itself, but which makes it that this curve exists
this is precisely the Real qua virtual
that is, the Real qua virtual is a point which is a hole
which makes it that things cannot join together, can't stick
English:
so what would be today -- because you know that I insist on the political dimension of Lacan
which goes further than that of today's political philosophers
including those like Alain Badiou who have quite a strong, logical approach
but Lacan goes much further because he re-includes this notion of the Real
and if we, too, re-include this notion of the Real, we will encounter it in all aspects of daily life
and what happens at the political level
so the simplest example is this curved space which pre-exists, which is originally curved
or in this Symbolic space in which our subject gets caught, which is already perforated
well, it's the same thing with society
no perfect society has ever existed
English:
'The problem is that humanity doesn't coincide with itself...'
society has always been problematic
and this problem, of course...
when we don't want to accept that there is this Real, this element which is a hole, this Real qua virtual
which prevents society from sticking together, from going well
we will go and find an external cause
that's the thing. Of course, in the '40s it was the Jews
even before, in the '30s
because, what isn't going well? Society isn't going well
so because we don't want to accept that society originally doesn't go well
that it's something that can't go well -- and that's already there in Hegel
society cannot be substantial, it can't correspond to itself
English:
therefore, we find external elements which are at fault
so you have the Jews -- today, the Jews maintain the sad privilege of being those who are blamed for everything that doesn't work
today there are others... Arabs, immigrants...
there are always external causes of the fact that it doesn't work
whereas the 'it doesn't work' is the constitutive, primordial dimension, it's the Real itself
and that's what the University discourse strips us of
because every time the discourse will try to integrate this Real in saying that everything is there, in the discourse
there is no more space for the Real, there -- that's why they aren't speaking, these so-called psychoanalysts
who cold a bunch of conferences, congresses, etc. They read texts, because they don't want the Real
English:
if they actually spoke, they would make slips, say stupid things, like I do
but they don't want that
because the ideology is that 'we have totally mastered the Real'
because we know where to place it -- "here it appears as objet 'a' ... there it appears in this part of the subject"... etc.
so they evacuate any Real there might be
so the dimension of the Real paradoxically, in this School, well, we're going to try not to avoid it
at least in its manifestations of obscene enjoyment (jouissance)
because if we compare today's psychoanalytic schools to the army
because seriously, if you look at the commanders who are at the head, it's not too far from the army
there are very precise rules: you must send in your texts a certain number of days in advance...
for proofreading, for the simultaneous translation, etc.
a bunch of regulations like that so that nothing goes outside the frame...
English:
so, the evacuation of the Real is regulated, in these things
so what are we going to do, because I'm telling you that it's a School based solely on free participation
where there is no hierarchy
because the only ones who are part of the School -- that's the performativity of language --
are those who declare themselves to be part of it
and who are producing texts and remarks which put them, de facto, in this position of the School
which is initially virtual
in the weak sense of virtual reality
what makes it weak? It's very simple, I talked about it last time
it's just that the social media, the internet, etc. evacuate the real of the body, quite simply
English:
and it's much easier to write things than to say them in front of people
there are things you wouldn't say... lots of people allow themselves to say things on the internet that they would never say in real life
for fear of getting a slap in the face, they're careful of what they say
but here [on the internet], anything goes...
you really get the vomit of moralizing, of clear conscience
but who are themselves unable to have the ethics to impose on themselves --
so, this is one of the dimensions of the School --
of course, we don't say anything other than what we would say in front of someone
we don't need to be limited by the other
it's a question of finding one's own limit in one's own speech
English:
which is different, it's a different exercise, because the counterpoint of that is telling the truth
because otherwise it's meaningless -- whether it's to talk about Trump and Clinton
or the French presidential candidates, there's no point
because you can see that there's no democracy
the system is not one that is organized by other people
the system itself is the product of the Other, the Other qua language
there is no Other of the Other --
language insofar as it tries to cover the Real
leads to a bunch of deadlocks, compromises, etc.
that's why psychoanalysis can only be a clinic of discourse
how you say things, how you represent them, what discourse you're immersed in
English:
is entirely constitutive of your reality
'The words you say and write, the associations they evoke, the vocabulary they come from...
the syntax that ties them together, don't just describe your 'world', they constitute your reality, the 'moteriality' which is your own...
they reveal the discourse your subject is immersed in.'
So the counterpoint of the School is to tell the truth through texts and comments, etc.
and then, effectively, meet as we are doing
or as it happened there, at the signature, or at other moments
we meet directly as speaking bodies
English:
but this time we're a little like, as Lacan said, scattered and misplaced
we don't automatically make up a community
just because we say that we follow this rule or that rule
it's from there that the obscene dimension gets established
the superego aspect in relation to the law
because as you know, the superego is the shadow of the law, its obscene aspect
'Superfluous laws weaken the necessary ones.'
and then it becomes a game of alliances, calculations, exchanging clients, etc.
obviously we don't want all that shit
it's in this sense that the Real is a paradoxical Real
English:
because the most powerful thing about the Real is its potential to happen
because the paradox is that it's the impossible that happens
so I noticed that this idea brought up lots of questions since the last seminar -- how can the impossible happen?
it's precisely BECAUSE it's impossible that it happens!
'The impossible happens'
'Lacan opposes the ruling words of the Capitalist Discourse 'everything is possible', with the more sober remark: the impossible happens (in retroactively positing its presuppositions)'
English:
that's the paradox -- because you have to imagine that it's not possible within the Symbolic network
because the Symbolic network itself, this chain of signifiers
possesses its own logic, which deploys itself
so you can deploy all the possible situations, say what can happen, because you are caught up in this Symbolic network
and the Real is something that breaks into it
it's the thing you didn't plan on. So it happens, the impossible happens
it was impossible because you didn't plan on it
so it happens as impossible, and as impossible, it retroactively creates its own possibility of happening
so that's what it means to say 'the Real as impossible happens'
that's where Lacan, since he knows all the linguistic subtleties of syntax, etc.
English:
in response to the Capitalist promise of "Everything is possible"...
we've seen it several times -- Sarkozy's poster says, "With me, everything is possible"
for Hollande, it's "Now, change is possible", for Obama it was "Yes we can!"
"We can, it's possible"
... Lacan says "The impossible happens".
and we have to decode and interpret this formula
it's the impossible in the sense that -- the possible has a relationship to the Symbolic
and the impossible is what doesn't fit in the Symbolic
but it still happens! And then the Symbolic tries to cover it
that's also what Hegel calls --
that's why Hegelian dialectics -- i.e. the logic he puts into place
in his Science of Logic, and even before that in the Phenomenology of Spirit
English:
It's something that's very close to the retroactive performativity of the signifier in Lacan
the way in which the signifier will retroactively, by going back on the signifying chain --
-- as we saw with the Wolf Man -- become effective
and so, the Real is grasped, in a way, through the signifier
so this Impossible School of Psychoanalysis is
an adventure that has been initiated in terms of discourse
because that's one of the possibilities afforded by the analyst's discourse
to gather apart from the confined circles of psychoanalysts
especially now, with the psychological deviations from psychoanalysis -- it's horrifying!
English:
that is, psychologists know nothing about psychoanalysis
they don't realize to what extent the respective logics of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis are antagonistic
they want to give everything a meaning
'this is that, that means this', etc.
because in psychoanalysis it's precisely the opposite, we always try to shave off this overgrowth of meaning
which comes to plug the hole of the real, and let another meaning (sense) come through
which is, this time, an enigma
because interpretation is always an enigma, in psychoanalysis
if you get, 'this is this', you didn't get an interpretation
it remains an enigma because an enunciation is always an enigma
"The enigmas of the Egyptians were Enigmas for the Egyptians themselves" - Hegel
English:
and the enunciation is the grain of sand
it is the part of the subject that is Real
there are two sides of the subject: there is the Symbolic side, because s/he is caught in language
the Real side is precisely what is never reducible to language
it is what resists symbolisation
it's what ensures that 'I' is always separated from the one who says it
by a breath
'A breath always separates your 'I' from that inside you which says 'I'. You don't exist.'
language can't grasp, can't wrap itself around this Real
because it's an empty point -- like the attractor we were talking about earlier
and that is what we also find in sexual difference
English:
because men and women are absolutely not complimentary, as you know
because the analogy of male and female electrical plugs only works for electrical plugs
men and woman are in a total incapacity to become what they already are
a woman tries to become a woman and a man tries to become a man
at the same time there is an internal impossibility not related to the fact that the other sex is too far away, but that is is too close!
but its signifier is repressed
so there too, Žižek is right to nail Miller, because he talks about binary logic, etc.
psychoanalysis does the exact opposite, it gets out of this infinite sexualized cosmology
between the dark side and the bright side, light and shadows, Yin and Yang, etc.
English:
there is a hole there! It doesn't stick together because the other signifier, the binary signifier, is always repressed
and that's why we find that the Capitalist Discourse is the most effective one
to the extent that it becomes unstoppable
it can only constantly revolutionize itself
to avoid its own inherent antagonism
so as to not find itself facing its own inherent impossibility, it constantly deploys itself, integrating everything that comes up against it
it reintegrates it every time -- that's why we have paradigm reversals
from one era to another
English:
in Freud's era prohibition was internalized -- mostly related to the possibility of having a flourishing sex life
today, you can easily see that the command is totally reversed
you are called on to participate in the Pride Parade, the Techno Parade, pornographic films
imagine that you have the right to, and proclaim your rights to do these things
and that's the beginning of this total absence of limits that is staged
which will paradoxically end up being registered in social rules
where there will be more and more restrictive laws, and less and less freedom
which perfectly complement this pseudo-liberalization
English:
So the Real of the capitalist system
is that its own impossibility -- of course, Marx discovered it -- it's called class struggle
it's not difficult to understand, class struggle
I spoke to you about Levi-Stauss' 'Structural Anthropology' and 'Tristes Tropiques'
but that was to show that we were all already included in it
so, maybe that lets me say this:
if, at the beginning, we spontaneously think (like Freud or Einstein did) that there was something perfect
English:
which was subsequently distorted, modified, and trashed, specifically by men
that is pure ideology, for example today the worst ideology is the ecologist one
it's the worst -- this kind of fantasy of Mother Earth
where everything would be perfect without men, but they had to go and bring their shit into it...
and they derailed everything... that's purely ideological
like for Freud, or for Einstein, it's already derailed, from the very beginning
and it's derailed, like I told you in an earlier seminar, because there is the Death Drive
that is, we can't imagine a world without men, because you have to already be a man to imagine a world without men
it's a logical deadlock
if we imagine something as men, we imagine it in words
if we imagine it in words, we're caught in the Symbolic chain, and thus we are subject to the Death Drive
English:
so of course, the original setting -- (so called) paradise
it already has syphilis. There is no original paradise
things are already going badly
there is a phrase of Mao's: "There is great disorder under heaven, and the situation is excellent"
he had the right idea
we have to think that there never was a state in society or in life where everything was great
that's a pure fantasy that comes in after the fact
to make us believe that there was something pure and ideal at the beginning
and that something has gone to shit, as we now say it -- no.
it is already included from the beginning, that there is shit
so the way to situate oneself appropriately is to abandon this presupposition
and why do we do this? It's because we don't want to put ourselves as subject in the world we're describing
English:
One of the most beautiful phrases from Giono --I love Giono! -- I've read all his books three or four times
... it goes back twenty years, but I was passionate about him... the quote is:
"I don't try to describe the world as it is, but how it is when I enter it, which of course doesn't simplify it."
we actually have already been added, in the perception we have of things
there is no pure, ideal objectivity, it doesn't exist
so, all these attempts to think that there was something original, like a paradise
which was then perverted by human involvement
is a pure ideology, it's the last stronghold of ideology
English:
because just like Einstein and Freud we have to come to the conclusion that it's already there,
because we are already there as subjects
and as subjects, our work is to place words on things
at least, in a first approach.
because when we're infants, that's what we are without
-- 'infans' means 'unable to speak' --
that is, our ability to put words on things
but little by little, in trying to domesticate this Real that surrounds us
which is absolutely incommensurable -- with which we wonder what to do
we will develop the activity of the subject
that is, to be able to say things about, and describe this world
English:
but of course it will be accompanied by this idealization of the world
as we imagine it was before we got here
but of course, that's an ideal
which is totally washed away in psychoanalysis, it's part of the Imaginary
except, of course, for Miller and Soler, who think there's a 'deeper' unconscious, a 'Real' unconscious
that's where it lodges itself
whereas for Freud and for Lacan
no, we are already participants in this world we are describing
and it is our own subject that we are searching for
lost in the world of objects
and our enjoyment (jouissance), which we hold on to more than anything else, that's it...
that's what will transform itself either into objet 'a', when we give into the injunctions of the ruling discourse
of the Capitalist discourse
English:
"Consume, buy your Nintendo console... the latest phone, etc."...
"you're behind the times"... etc.
... all the guilt that comes with it...
or, instead, the only way available to us
which we can write in several ways
is that of finding this ' j'ouïs-sens ' (enjoymeant) in speech
that is, through the possibility of becoming the subject of our own destiny --
-- that's the psychoanalytic wager -- and, finding enough enjoyment in speech for the story to continue.
| {
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- Bing!
(cash register bell)
Welcome back, everybody! Wes Barker here.
You know that, 'cause that's
why you're on this channel.
You get it. What do we do at this channel?
When it's crappy weather, we
go to people's work places.
In the sunshine, we hit the beach.
Crappy weather, we go
to people's work place.
So I'm gonna stop by
some work, some offices,
flower shop, like, I
think a furniture store.
Wherever we can. We're
gonna find some ladies!
And dudes with beards. Nothing in between.
So that's what's gonna happen right now.
At our first stop, today...
I don't know how I'm gonna edit this,
so maybe this won't be our first stop.
You'll see. Check it out.
♪ Wes ♪
(funky music)
- [Camera Man] You didn't clear the shot.
- Oh! Ah!
♪ Yeah, Wes ♪
(laughing)
♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah, ye-yeah Wes ♪
(laughing)
♪ Get me Wes ♪
♪ Yeah, Wes ♪
It's magic trick time.
- Great.
Are you ready for this?
- Yeah.
- It's exciting, right?
I bought this card today.
- Okay.
- This one's from a magic shop.
- Okay.
- It's a magic card.
- Okay.
- Okay?
It's pretty powerful.
- Yeah.
- Okay, just so you know.
Basically, whatever card this one touches,
it'll change into that card.
- Okay.
- So, like, watch. Just touch a card.
Touch the back of one of them.
Okay, we'll bring this
one to the top here.
Now, so I just take this,
and you just have to set it on top.
- Yeah.
- Not for very long.
Just set it on top (mumbles),
turn them both over, and then boom!
- Whoa!
- Twinsies!
I know, it's pretty crazy.
- Yeah, yeah.
- And the thing... people are like:
Oh, I just got lucky. No,
it'll happen over and over.
Here, take a different
one. There, yeah fine.
Okay, see, wait for a
second. Turn them both over.
- Hey!
- Wow.
- Yeah, yeah, yeah!
- Repeatable all day!
Magic!
- Magic.
- Are you ready for some magic?
- Yes, let's do it.
- Okay, good, okay.
No mustache, and it's back. See? Tricks!
Okay, CGI. Okay, this one...
I bought this card here.
- Yeah.
- It's a very special card,
bought it at a magic shop.
Okay? It turns into any card it touches.
I know, sounds impossible. It's true.
Like watch, watch.
Literally, you touch a card,
whatever one you want, just touch one.
'Kay, this one's a
tricky one. Okay, watch.
Take it, put it on top.
Same card, goes on top.
You wait, I don't know how long.
Like I said, whatever. Boom!
- Whoa!- What?
- Work every... like, literally,
it just keeps changing
into whatever card you touch.
Impossible, right?
I know the other side of
this is... pretty crazy.
- Maybe the magic's in there.
- Try one more, try one more.
Not that one, that one right
there. Okay, let's see.
Right here on top, you
wait a second. Boom!
Boom!
Is it possible?!
- Magic!
- Which one? That one there.
All right, so keep it all
as fair as possible, right?
Okay, take this card, I
set it on top like that.
Gonna wait a second. When
I turn it over, boom, see?
- [Woman In Button-Up
Shirt] Oh, okay. Okay.
- Is it powerful?
- All right.
(laughing)
- I know. So like I said,
I can't let you see the other side though.
It's too whoo-hoo! On the other side.
We'll try again.
(laughing)
I'll show you. Here,
take and point to one,
point to just one, whichever one.
That one there? Okay, watch.
Watch, same thing. Take
the same card, right?
Set it on top like this,
turn it over. Boom!
(Woman in button-down shirt mumbles)
It changes every time, like I said.
- Okay, one more part.
- It's very powerful. One more time.
Let's do it one more time.
Here, point to a different one.
I just want to show you how many
times it can actually work for me.
(mumbles)
Ooh, this one's tricky.
Watch, three times in a row.
You take it, turn it over, boom!
- [Woman In Button-Down Shirt] Dammit!
- I always try to catch him.
- Every time!
I got it at the magic store,
I didn't know what to buy.
Here you go, but I won't let you guys
so you can actually see it.
You didn't looked, didn't you?
(laughing)
- [Woman In Button-Down
Shirt] She sort of glanced.
- It's not good for you,
you don't wanna see it.
You don't wanna look at it, I swear,
you don't wanna turn that over.
You want to look at it so
bad, don't you? (mumbles)
All right, but don't tell anyone.
You can look at it just for now.
Just between us, you can look at it.
- Wha?!
(laughing)
That's amazing!
(conversation overlaps)
God! That's so inappropriate
- I know! Okay.
(laughing)
- That's what I feel
like for turning it over.
(laughing)
- Yeah, that's good.
- That's great.
- That's ...
(laughing)
Everyone's like, "How
did you draw such a..."
I'm like, "I traced it."
(laughing)
It wasn't mine, though.
(laughing)
(laughing)
- How'd it do that?
- Pick that one there?
- Yeah.
- Watch this. See, same card like I said.
It's magical, and I just
take it and I turn it over.
It changes into that card.
(overlapping conversation)
You can't see this, though.
It's crazy, though, right?
- Yeah!
(mumbles)
- But I gotta, sorry.
But yeah, no, thanks man.
I appreciate it. But yeah, like
I said, it's pretty sneaky.
So, pretty good stuff.
- Thank you.
- Thanks, appreciate it.
(laughing)
- That hilarious! That's
the best part, I like it!
That was nice, that was nice.
- Thanks guys. (mumbles)
♪ Give it to me, Wes ♪
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
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Welcome back to the video course on fluid
mechanics. In the last few lectures we are
discussing about the introduction theories
of fluid mechanics introduction to various
fluid properties, we discussed about fluid
statics its related theories, we have discussed
about buoyancy pressure fluid pressure center
of pressure met center extras. Today we will
discussed the another topics fluid kinematics.
The main object is of the topic on kinematics
of fluid flows to introduce various aspects
of fluid motion without being concerned with
the actual forces necessary to produce the
motion. The other object is of this topic
are to introduce the kinematics of the motion
the velocity and acceleration of the fluid
the description and visualization without
considering the force.
we will introduce the fluid dynamics and finally
to understand the fluid motion through the
kinematics fluid flow.
That is the important object that is of the
section on kinematics of fluid flow. As we
have already discussed the kinematics of fluid
flow means the fluid flow is taking place
due to various forces. But when we consider
the fluid motion here in this kinematics of
fluid flow consider the forces as such but
without considering the force what happens
to a fluid or how the fluid is moving how
the velocity can be calculated how the acceleration
can be calculated, we will go to the various
the principles of fluid mechanics like consideration
of mass consideration of momentum based up
on the fluid kinematics. If you consider the
various examples of fluid motions,
Like smoke emerging from a chimney or the
flow of the atmosphere as indicated by the
motion of clouds or the motion of waves in
a lake. All this fluid motions here generally
when we try to analyze all this fluid motion
there can be consider by inside to this fluid
motion by considering the kinematics or such
flows without the concern with the specific
force that drives them. The smoke emerging
from the chimney there is force which is taking
place which is driving this smoke or the wind
on the atmospheric motion or the motion of
clouds and or the waves in the lake all there
are same forces but we the analyzes be much
simpler when we consider this fluid phenomena
or fluid motion without much concern to the
specific force that derive them.
That is the importance of this kinematics
of fluid flow. we will be considering the
section the kinematics of fluid flow with
respect to this various fluid motions without
giving much attention to the force driving
this the driving force which we are which
due to this the fluid is moving. We considering
the various aspects of kinematics of fluid
flow starting from the velocity field we discuss
the Lagrangian and in concepts we will discuss
about the acceleration fields etcetera. The
fluid parameters,
By field representation as I mentioned earlier
the fluid moment is then you consider the
fluid moment it the moment is in with respect
to space as well as time. If you consider
the space we consider the 3 dimensional motion
of a fluid with respect to xyz axis time t
will be al will be there.
The fluid motion is with respect to space
with respect to time the fluid parameters
are generally represented by the space the
space coordinate xyz time t. for example the
as shown in this figure here the fluid is
moving in a pipe or in an open channel when
the fluid is moving. The motion is with respect
to space with respect to time that we can
represent that show in this figure the velocity
fluid can be represented as v is equal to
U xyzt of I the unit vector plus Vxyzt of
the unit vector j plus wxyzt the unit vector
k.
Since the velocity is it has got a direct
direction as well as magnitude that we represent
a early with respect to ij and k which are
the unit vectors U here uvw are the magnitude
of the velocity moment and finally the velocity
field can be represented as v is equal to
ui plus vj plus wk where, uvw are depend up
on the spatial coordinate xyz and time t.
Finally, the speed of flow we can represent
when we are considering a pipe flow or when
you are considering an open channel flow or
any kind of flow we can represent the speed
of flow as it will be the absolute value of
this v the it can be represent as square root
of u square plus v square plus w square as
shown in this slide. In the speed of flow
is square root of u square, plus v square
plus w square that use the speed of flows.
The velocity field is the generally represented
as the function of spatial coordinate xyz
and time; here you can see that a particle
is moving.
From a position A to another position at time
t position is here and the time t plus delta
t the particle is moving from this position
to the new position. The position vector if
you draw the position vector. This rAt is
the initial position like vector rAt plus
delta t is the present position on the fluid
particle. With respect to this the particle
is located in terms of the position vector
with respect to this only we want to describe
the moment of a fluid particle in any fluid
media. When we represent the velocity here
this position will be with respect to xyz
coordinate and time the current time here,
the new position will be al represented in
terms of the new position xyz time t, the
particle location in terms of the position
vector.
Here in the slide we can see that velocity
field is for example, in a river there is
a flow type space here you can see that the
flow is with respect to various flow conditions
the flow can be this direction of the other
direction. The flow velocity vectors the velocity
vector is we can represent with respect to
spatial coordinate xyz and also with respect
to time. Here, this figure shows the actually
this figure here theme contamination or theme
glom is introduced in this river system how
it is moving with respect to that generally,
we will be solving the for the this kind of
problem solving first the hydro dynamics the
velocity we will be determining then with
respect to the that the velocity. We are describing
the contaminant moment or the glow moment
will describe with respect to the velocity
vector.
It is very important that we should note the
velocity field that means with respect to
space and with respect to time how the velocity
is changing that is very important that is
actually the major problem. As for as a fluid
dynamics or the fluid flow is concerned, the
velocity field of the velocity determination
with space and time is very important. As
you can see in this slide also the velocity
field we can with respect to article float
race.
We can trace as shown in this figure we can
trace the particle how it is moving with respect
to the path line or with respect to either
stream line we can represent the velocity
the flow how it takes place we can represent
as shown here this is actually a river system
joining an. How it is behaving with respect
to the velocity field we can represent with
respect to the path lines then stream lines
and as shown in the previous slide we can
also use the velocity vectors to represent
the velocity field. As I mentioned here we
will just discussing brief example problem
how to determine the velocity field, as I
mentioned since the velocity varying with
respect to xyz direction. That we will determine
the velocity field with respect to the xyz
coordinate as well as the time the problem
here is the example problem here is.
The velocity field the velocity in a flow
field is expressed as v bar is equal to the
velocity vector is equal to 7 plus 2 xy I
the unit vector I plus minus 2 yz minus 4
t unit vector j plus minus yz plus z square
by 8 unit vector k. This is the velocity field
is represented by this function given with
respect to I j and k. The magnitude is magnitude
xyz directions are represented by this the
quantities the x direction that means velocity
component u if is given by 7 t plus 2 xy and
the velocity component is implied and direction
v is given by minus 2 yz minus 4 t and the
velocity component in z direction w is represented
here as minus yz plus z square by 8. We want
to determine the magnitude of velocity at
a point q the position of q is x equal to
3 y is equal to minus 1 z is equal to 2 and
at time t is equal to 3. The coordinate system
s xyz is given here and time al given we want
to determine the magnitude of the velocity
at a point x equal to 3 y equal to minus 1
z is equal to 2 a time t is equal to 3. Here
this function the velocity field is represented
as already given by this v is equal to this
function.
Do this we can represent as a vector we have
discussed the velocity can represented as
the velocity vector uvw and with respect to
the ijk as ui plus vj plus wk where, ijk are
the unit vectors in a xyz direction and uvw
are the velocity in xyz direction. Here v
is represented as I mentioned u is here with
respect to the given equation for velocity
for u is 7 t plus 2 xy and v is minus 2 yz
minus 4 t and w the velocity z direction is
minus yz plus z square by 8.
The position of the point is given x equal
to 3 y is equal to minus 1 and z is equal
to 2 and time t is equal to 3 that we can
determine the magnitude of velocity in x direction
uq we will substitute values here in for u.
We can write uq is equal to that means the
velocity component u at point q is 7 into
time 3 t is equal to 3 7 into 3 plus 2 into
3 into minus 1. that will give 15 as the result
here uq is equal to 15 vq the velocity in
y direction at point q is given as vq is equal
to minus here the values minus 2 yz minus
4 t 2 into minus 1 since y is minus 1 in time
is t z is 2 minus 2 into minus 1 2 plus time
is 3, 4, 3 that will give the q as minus 8
similarly we can determine wq. wq is given
as minus yz plus z square by 8 that is if
you substitute for y and z y is minus 1 minus
of minus 1 into 2, z is 2 plus 2 square by
8 that will give the value of 2.5.
Finally, as we have seen the velocity can
be the magnitude of the velocity at the point
q can be determined by taking square root
of uq square plus vq square plus wq square.
Here the uq the magnitude of the velocity
equal to square root of 15 square plus minus
8 square plus 2.5 square that is equal to
square root of 295.25 and that is equal to
17.18. Its corresponding units can be put
here the meter per second or a numeral second
depending up on the problem. like this the
velocity can be represented in xy with respect
to the space xyz time, if you want to determine
the new position of the velocity if the function
the velocity variation as represented in this
figure is known then we can determine the
magnitude of the velocity. This is the velocity
field here the velocity can be represented
with respect to space and time. Like this
the velocity field is determined.
Now we will discuss about the flow field description.
In the introductory lecture we have seen the
various aspects of how a flow field can be
represented as there we discussed about two
types of fluid flow field description. First
one is eulerian description second one was
legrangian description. Here further we will
discuss since we are discussing the kinematics
of fluid flow further you will discuss the
two description fluid flow field description
the first one is the eulerian description.
As we have seen earlier the eulerian description
uses the field concept as we have already
seen the velocity field or the acceleration
field or the pressure field whatever it is.
Here the eulerian description uses the field
concept and fluid motion is given by completely
prescribing the necessary properties such
as the fluid property such as pressure density
velocity extra as functions of space and time.
As we have already seen the velocity here
is represented as a function of xyz coordinates
and time t. In the eulerian description the
fluid motion is given by prescribing the necessary
properties which can be velocity or pressure
or density whatever it is as a function of
this and time. if you use the eulerian description
from this method you obtain the information
about the flow in terms of what happens at
fixed points in space at the fluid flows pass
those points. What will be doing same if you
consider the fluid motion in an open channel
or pipe flow for example let us consider river
flow here.
This is a river flow what we are doing here
is with respect to flow is taking place all
the times. We will be considering particular
sections here one or section two and between
the sections one and two to what happen to
this various fluid flow properties like velocity
how it is changing or how the pressure is
changing or the various other fluid flow a
parameter are changing. That is what we are
generally describing in eulerian description
generally using most of the fluid flow problems
as we are discussed earlier we will be generally
using eulerian description. From this we are
getting the information as the flow progresses
in terms of what happens fixed point here
the fixed points which are considering this
section one.
Or even it can be a fixed point or it can
be a section like this with respect to this
happens for the fluid properties when the
fluid flow is moving from one section to another
or at that particular section with respect
to time what happens to the fluid flow. That
is the way which we will be describing the
fluid flow in the eulerian and eulerian description.
Here you can see in this figure here a river
flow takes place and.
The concentration higher concentration or
the contaminant glom is used at his position
we want to see in the eulerian description
what we can d is there can be a acceleration
point as shown in this time there can be observation
point like this. Then what will be describing
is when the river flow takes place with respect
to time will be taking what happens whether
the contaminant the concentration how it is
vary with respect this particular section
with respect to time how it is varying. If
you brought this for you have particular position
then you have see the contamination the concentration
will be reducing as the flow proceeds like
this graph shows how it will be behaving.
This shows the eulerian description in a fluid
flow as we have discussed earlier. Generally
the eulerian description is very much useful
in fluid mechanics and most of our fluid flow
analysis will be based up on the eulerian
description.
The second method which we have discussed
earlier is the lagrangian method. The lagrangian
method as I have mentioned in the lagrangian
method we will be flow into the fluid particle
what will if fluid flow in a open channel
or in a river flow or in a pipe flow then
that is what we are discussing is same if
this is the flow river flow then we will be
chasing a particular particle. them with respect
to this t is equal to zero then t is equal
to t1 or t is equal to t2 or then t is equal
to t3.
Like that what happens to this particular
fluid particle that is the way which we are
chasing out in the lagrangian method? The
lagrangian method flow the individual fluid
particles as they move under the determined
how the fluid properties asciated with this
particles change as a function of time. This
is mainly with respect to time what happens
and position is anywhere with respect to the
fluid particle moment it is always changing
the particular fluid particles are traced
what happens those particles. It is what we
are doing the lagrangian method here the fluid
particles are tagged or identified ask time
progresses happens to those particles. That
e are what we are describing and since as
you can see that fluid motion or fluid flow
is concern it is very difficult to track the
individual particles like this see what happens
to those particles.
Generally, this lagrangian method is very
rarely use in fluid flow problem due to it’s
the difficulty to track the particular particle
to track particular particle what happens
to that particular particle it is very difficult
to do this kind of as analysis. Generally,
for most of the fluid mechanics problem eulerian
method is used since it is simpler we get
the information what we are looking for especially
at particular section with respect to time
we are getting. That is the most of the time
we will be using in eulerian method in the
fluid mechanics of fluid flow analysis. Finally,
in this slide here this slide show how the
eulerian approach and lagrangian approach
is used as for as fluid flow analysis is concern.
Here you can see that the fluid is moving
from a section a channel like this. here in
the eulerian approach we are taking consider
a particular point at a particular section
here like this the point is that is from this
x at the distance of x0 and y0 we are considering
a particular point the location is t is equal
to t x0 y0 t. What happens to fluid flow as
for as the particular point is consider that
is we will the studying in the eulerian approach
this will be generally with aspect to time
how the fluid is behaving but as far as lagrangian
approach is concerned here you can it is mainly
with respect to this time.
We are we have already tracked on particular
particle and this position to this position
how it was work like that we are chasing on
the particular particle, we are describing
the flow property with respect to the properties
for this particular particle is concerned
and that is the lagrangian approach. Even
though we rarely used lagrangian approach
but once the fluid flow parameters are known
we can convert to eulerian description or
from the eulerian description to the lagrangian
description al the conversion is possible.
Just let us discuss a small example how we
can utilize this eulerian approach lagrangian
approach as for as fluid flow field description
is concerned here the problem which we are
discussing s here the flow field description.
In an experiment of flow description were
conducted in laboratory flow. the 2 dimensional
flow in a lagrangian system is already obtained
as x is equal to x1 into e to the power lambda
t plus y 1 into 1 minus e to the power 2 lambda
t. in the lambda is a constant and t is time
x is the x axis here with respect to x with
respect to y time this is a two dimensional
problems the fluid flow properties are changing
with respect to the space xy and xy direction
and time t. Here already the two-dimensional
flow in the lagrangian system is given as
x is equal to x1 into e to the power lambda
t plus y 1 into 1 minus e to the power 2 lambda
t and also for y direction is concern is given
as y is equal to y 1 into e to the power lambda
t. This y1 and x1 gets what is the initial
positions this is x1 y1 the variation with
respect to x and y are given with respect
to time t by these equation number 1 equation
number two. We want to find an expression
for path line of the particle with respect
to this lagrangian system given we want to
get the corresponding equation eulerian system
velocity components we want to determine.
Problem is we want an expression for path
line of the particle eulerian system velocity
components these we can solve first the first
problem is we want to find path line for the
particles. Path line means it should be an
expression without any times we will use this
equation number one and two.
We will eliminate it t the time component
to get path line from the second equation
from second equation you will get e to the
power lambda t is equal to y by y1 equation
is given y is equal to y1 in e to the power
lambda t. The from that we can write e to
the power lambda t is equal to y by y1 this
e to the power lambda t is already there in
equation number one here. you will substitute
that for this e to the power lambda t in equation
number one here for the expression for x we
will get x is equal to x1 into y1 by y since
into the power lambda t already obtain as
y by y1 e to the power minus lambda t y1 by
y. x is equal to x1 into y1 by y plus y1 into
1 minus y1 by y whole square. This gives the
expression for the path line description of
the particle in the lagrangian system.
here there is no time component we want al
gives the expression for path line of the
particle the second part of the problem is
u1 to get eulerian system velocity component
as for as this with respect to the lagrangian
system given. The eulerian system the velocity
component we can write as since the eulerian
system which we are discuss the as here you
can see that at a particular position what
happen that gives the velocity component.
Here with respect to this slide here we will
get the velocity component UX equal to dx
by dt and uy will be dy by dt that means velocity
y direction will be dy by dt and velocity
next direction will be dx by dt. We will just
differentiate this equation number one here
give here that you differentiate that will
be velocity component the x direction. we
will differentiate the equation x equal to
x1 into the power minus lambda t plus y 1
into 1 minus e to the power 2 lambda t if
you differentiate ux equal to dx by dt that
is equal to d by dt of x1 into e to the power
minus lambda t plus y 1 into 1 minus t to
the power 2 lambda t. If you simplify if you
differentiate and simplify you will get an
expression for velocity that is the eulerian
systems. ux is equal to minus lambda x plus
lambda y into e to the power minus lambda
t plus e to the power minus 3 lambda t.
Here this after differentiation we will simplify.
Finally, you will get the expression for the
velocity as ux is equal to minus lambda x
plus lambda y into e to the power minus lambda
t plus e to the power minus 3 lambda t. Similarly,
the velocity component in y direction you
will get uy is dy by dt that we can just differentiate
since the initial equation the expression
for y is given in the lagrangian system y
is equal to y1 in e to the power lambda t.
if you differentiate you will get uy is equal
to dy by dt that is equal to d by dt of y1
into e to the power lambda t. that is uy is
equal to lambda 1 into y1 into lambda into
e to the power lambda t. That will give this
can be written as since y is y1 into e to
the power lambda t uy can be written as lambda
y that gives the expression for the velocity
component in y direction for the eulerian
system.
This is the velocity field or in flow particular
fluid flow parameters is known in one system
either lagrangian system or in eulerian system
convert to other system; with respect to the
various mathematical relationship available
with respect to both the system. We have seen
how we describe the various fluid flow properties
with respect to discussion the eulerian description
and the lagrangian description as I mentioned.
Generally we will be using the eulerian description
using the eulerian description since it is
much easier and it is easily the analysis
must simpler and we can get results especially
since fluid flow much bother about what happens
at particular section than just tracing some
fluid particle.
But some cases also some problems will be
taken in the lagrangian approach by tracking
particular particle. That also we will discuss
later with respect to this the field description
the fluid flow as we have discussed earlier
can be described briefly again review this
fluid flow descriptions., space wise as I
mentioned the flow can be either one-dimensional
two-dimensional or three-dimensional flows
as I mentioned. Generally the all the flows
are three dimensions in nature it is varying
with respect to xy and z and al time. But
many of the problems for example as I mentioned
when we discussing a river flow if you want
to know a particular with respect to the longitudinal
direction l here or here this x direction.
If you want to know with respect to this longitudinal
direction what happens to the flow properties
like velocities or the head or the pressure
or the parameters then it is better that we
consider the fluid flow as one-dimension or
when we need more details the same problem
we will be describing as two dimensions that
this x and y both component we will be describing.
That the velocity in the lateral direction
this in u and v will be al considered and
al correspondingly the time the other parameters
will be constant two-dimensions and otherwise
if you are looking for accurate the analysis
if you are looking for a problem in three
dimensions. That we have to consider for example
the flow in a river is concern here we are
to consider the depth wise also, what happens
with respect to z direction not only the longitudinal
the lateral we have concerned the depth.
Also depending up on the problem most of the
fluid flow is concerned this three dimensional
nature but we will be simplify the problem
into one-dimensional two-dimensional three-dimensional
problem. As you can see here it is a river
flow.
Here this slide, shows what happens with respect
to the flow here the analysis is various section
here considering analysis with respect to
this one dimension what happens. Space is
one dimension with respect to time the variation
is with respect to this the length of the
river. Here with respect to x time we will
be analyzing this is special in one-dimensional
flow is concerned analyzing with respect to
what is happening in one d. this is fluid
flow in 1 dimension when we analysis as 1
dimension the next here.
This slide shows this space two d shows this
what will this happening with respect to two
dimensions. That is why all this here in this
blue with respect to what happens in y direction
latterly also we have considered that is why
here the space wise this is two-dimension
flow which we are concerned the flow is the
definitely three-dimension that we are simplifying
flow to two-dimension we are analyzing as
a two-dimension flow next here you can see
the space three dimension.
Here the depth is also considered in a flow
with respect to the length of the channel
later direction. It is totally three-dimension
depending upon the necessity depending up
on the type of problem which we are dealing
the fluid flow analysis can be one-dimension
two-dimension or three dimensions. Also as
we have discussed earlier the time wise the
flow can be most of time the flow will varying
with respect to time. But many times we can
also that once there is not much variation
with respect to time then we can consider
there is no variation with respect to time
for the fluid properties then you can consider
as study state flow with respect to time we
can consider the fluid flow steady state flow
and unsteady state flows. In unsteady state
flow definitely the fluid flow properties
are varying with respect to time.
We have to see the spatial variation as well
as the time variation but as far as steady
state flows as. We will be discussing with
respect to spatial direction time wise it
is steady state. Also we have discussed generally
way to describe the fluid flow we will be
using various fluid visualization flow visualization
techniques and also certain lines like a stream
lines streak lines and a path lines are generally
used for to describe the fluid flow. This
we have already seen in the previous slide
how we are using this kind of analysis as
for as the fluid flow descriptions concern.
You can see the path lines are used and stream
lines are used for the velocity description
and here the stream line the velocity vectors
are used and with respect to the velocity
vector we can find out the stream line. The
stream lines path lines steak lines which
we have already described discussed in the
interacting chapter streak lines or these
lines are used for the fluid flow description
and with respect to that only will be describing
what happens to the fluid flow.
Flow description is we can use this various
techniques and in steady state flow the stream
lines and path lines are the same. It will
be generally used as for as the stream lines
will be used for unsteady state flow analysis.
We have already seen the velocity field we
have seen how we can describe the fluid flow
with respect to eulerian description are with
respect to legrangian description. The next
topic and also we have see how we can describe
the fluid flow whether it can be fluid flow
can be considering one-dimensional two-dimensional
three-dimensional or steady state or unsteady
state like that. We will discuss the acceleration
field.
Acceleration is most of the flow takes place
due to acceleration due to gravity of the
applied acceleration. Acceleration field is
also another important acceleration is al
another important property as for as fluid
flow is concerned. In the kinematics of fluid
flow here you will discuss the acceleration
field. The particle acceleration which is
generally here you can utilize this Newton
second law which is given as force is equal
to mass into acceleration. We have seen two
methodologies of description of fluid flow
one is the lagrangian method.
As for as lagrangian method is concerned,
generally the fluid flow is described with
respect to time only the lagrangian method
the acceleration is described as a varying
of with respect to time. That means particle
is we are looking in to that and how it is
moving or how it is behaving with respect
to time. Here the space is not the major issues
you are tracking the particle what happens
for that particle with respect to time.
As for as acceleration field is al concern
here we will be describing the acceleration
is with respect to time the variation is with
respect to time, but as far as the eulerian
method which we have seen earlier is in the
eulerian description we are considering a
particular sections. We will be discussing
what happens to fluid flow properties at the
particular section. Here the acceleration
field is concerned in the eulerian description
we will be describing a, is equal to a xyz
and t time the acceleration field is described
with respect to the space xyz and time t and
as we know the acceleration time write of
change velocity for a given particle the lagrangian
method. We can write acceleration a, is equal
to as a functional type and the eulerian description
you can write as a functional space and time
here this.
Figure shows if you consider a particular
path of a particular fluid particle. For particle
a here you can see that the particle path
is like this. Particle a, at time t this is
here it is described with respect to xyz time
t. Its position vector is represented like
this with respect to the velocity componen
t xyz directions. S ua the velocity component
x direction the VA the velocity component
this VA is the magnitude the final velocity
and this shows the velocity on the y direction
and this is the velocity component in the
z direction.
Particle A the velocity is described as VA
is a position vector of r and t as described
here VA is the function of rA and t and that
can be put as VA xAt YAt and zAt as shown
in this slide.
That will be represented like this with respect
to xy and z and spatial direction and time
t equation of acceleration is concerned.
In the legrangian description than we will
be writing with respect to u is equal to del
XA by del t the velocity described as here
we will consider the equation for acceleration.
The velocity component in x direction u is
equal to del XA by del t and v is del YA by
del t and w is del zA by del t as shown in
this figure.
Acceleration is concerned the variation is
with respect to xyz and t that is why the
partial is used here. Finally, the acceleration
can be written as acceleration is the derivative
of the velocity generally the acceleration
is represented as a is represented as dv by
dt. If we consider the fluid flow at particular
position point A, the acceleration can be
written aA t is equal to dvA by dt which is
the total derivative. That with respect to
this uvw description we can write del vA by
del t plus del vA by del x that means the
acceleration is not total represent with respect
to local acceleration as well as convert the
action.
Here the acceleration for this particular
fluid particle we will be considering with
respect to the time variation with respect
to local acceleration conductive acceleration
with respect to the fluid flow how it is behaving.
That is what we are describing here the acceleration
is represent as the total derivative of the
velocity vector with respect to time the A
is equal to dva by dt. That can be represent
as a local acceleration than VA by del t plus
del VA by del x
dxA by dt this is with respect to the velocity
component in x direction del VA by del y plus
into dyA by dt this is with respect to the
velocity component y direction plus del VA
by del z into del ZA by dzA by dt. This gives
the total acceleration as for as the fluid
movement is concerned this one part is the
local acceleration and other part is the conductive
acceleration as indicated here in this figure.
Here this dxa by dt can be represent as u
and dyA by dt can be represent as v and dzA
by dt can be represent as w. Finally, if you
substitute the total acceleration can be represented
as shown in the slide.
As A is equal to del v by del t with local
acceleration plus conductive acceleration
is given as u into del v by del x plus v into
del v by del y plus w into del v by del z.
This is the general the acceleration as a
vector representation as acceleration since
it is varies with respect to space and time
the direction and the magnitude is that. Acceleration
is can be represented in terms of the x direction
y direction and z direction. with respect
to general description of the acceleration
we can write ax is equal to del u by del t
plus u into del u by del x plus v into del
u by del y plus w into del u by del z this
expression is obtained directly from the general
expression for acceleration. This is x direction
acceleration ax is equal to to del u by del
t plus u into del u by del x plus v into del
u by del y plus w into del u by del z. Similarly
we can write the acceleration in x direction
y direction and z direction.
As I mentioned this term here del u by del
t is the local acceleration that means with
respect to the x component the acceleration
in x direction a axis with respect to the
velocity in x direction what happens the local
acceleration with respect to time, the terms
are called the convective acceleration that
means with respect to the velocity uvw how
the acceleration takes place. These three
terms are called convective acceleration and
the first term is called the local acceleration.
Similarly, we can write the acceleration in
y direction.
As ay is equal to del v by del t plus u into
del v by del x plus v into del v by del y
plus w into del v by del z acceleration in
z direction can be written as del w by del
t plus u del w by del x plus v into del w
by del y plus w into del w by del z.
The acceleration in xyz direction is represented
as local acceleration terms plus conductive
terms this is the general methodology used
for the determination of acceleration. This
ax ay and az are called the components of
acceleration ax ay and az are called the components
of acceleration. Here you can see that this
entire problem which we have seen for with
the analysis the fluid flow analysis which
we have discussed is mainly.
In terms of the without concentric the force
which drives the flow we are not concerned
with the force. But later this is beginning
as for as this topic is concerned later we
will discuss that also here the operator which
we discussed the total derivative is generally
in the previous slide we have seen here the
acceleration we have seen in with respect
to the xyz components. With respect to this
the operator we defined the total derivative
as D by dt is equivalent to the local del
by del t that means with respect to time u
into del off by del x plus v into del by del
y plus w into del off del by del z. this depends
up on the property if it is x direction here
will be putting u y direction will be putting
v and z direction will be putting w.
This terms are called sat the termed as material
derivative. This are termed as material derivative
this describes the time rates of change for
given particle. The time rate for change for
given particle is given by this total derivative
termed as material derivative. This will be
using in most of our derivation later stages
the rate of change of for given particle are
termed as material derivative the total derivative
will be described with respect to the local
term plus the conductive term here uv and
w.
Further we will be describing the applications
of the kinematics fluid flow kinematics further
derivations are derived various equation as
for as fluid flow kinematics concerned. Finally,
that will be with respect to that proceeding
to the fluid flow dynamics.
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Hi, my name's Chris, and I
live in Jacksonville, Florida.
I've voted Republican beginning in
1992, when I was first eligible to vote,
and continued supporting Republican
presidential candidates all the way up
until 2008 when I voted for Barack Obama.
And again, in 2012.
I did not vote for Trump in 2016.
And I didn't vote for
Hillary Clinton either.
But since Trump's been elected, I've
been completely astonished by his
daily attacks on our democracy, our
rule of law, the institutions and the
norms that we, as a country, spent
so many years creating and building.
And to seeing him try to
erode those on a daily basis.
And to see the so-called
Republican politicians support,
and in many cases, enable him to
do that is truly gut wrenching.
And unacceptable.
And so at this point, I don't think
it even is about party politics,
as much as it is this election is
about a basic fundamental choice
between democracy and fascism.
It's that simple in my opinion.
And I don't see how any person
who believes in the Republican
values can support a Trump.
Because he's simply
a wannabe fascist dictator.
It's plain and obvious and he
doesn't even really try to hide it.
So we have to make our voices heard.
We have to get out and vote and overcome
the active voter suppression that
our American president is actively
engaged in now on almost a daily basis.
And that's a shocking thing to say.
It's a shocking thing to witness.
And so I hope you'll join me in
supporting our choice for democracy
over fascism and vote for Joe Biden.
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Bem, há muitos problemas
com essa idéia de que. . .
Em primeiro lugar, essa é
uma tese não-falsificável.
E há infinitas teses não-falsificáveis
que você não está tentado a acreditar.
Nós poderíamos acreditar que
estamos na “Matrix”
e se você seguir essa linha,
muitas coisas podem ser ditas
por uma pessoa que tem a certeza
de que estamos em uma “Matrix”,
e que alguma civilização alienígena
está simulando-nos em seu disco rígido.
Um problema é que temos muitos
livros sagrados
escritos pelo “criador do universo”
e eles estão em conflito.
Você sabe, eles não. . .
O Novo Testamento deixa perfeitamente
claro que Jesus é o Filho de Deus
realmente o Filho de Deus
e você TEM que acreditar nisso.
Senão você vai passar
a eternidade no inferno.
O Corão diz, duas vezes, que
Jesus NÃO era o Filho de Deus.
E quem acreditar que
ele é o Filho de Deus
vai passar a eternidade no inferno.
Isto é tão confiável quanto
apostar cara ou coroa.
Então, digamos que soubéssemos que
uma dessas afirmações estava correta
Então, temos um universo. . .
eliminamos todas as outras possibilidades.
Estamos vivendo neste universo desafiador
onde Deus nos deu um livro
altamente imperfeito e pediu-nos para
agarramo-nos a ele.
Agora temos a alegação bíblica
a alegação do Novo Testamento
afirmando a divindade de Jesus
a necessidade de acreditar nisso.
E as afirmações do Corão
Que pregam que a crença na identidade
de Jesus leva à condenação.
Agora o que é mais provável?
Que um deles está certo e o outro errado?
Ou que temos essas tribos rivais que
se esforçavam sobre um contexto
de uma ignorância abismal
a respeito do mundo
e o nascimento do cosmo, e ao destino
de qualquer alma após a morte.
Sabe, eu apostaria em uma visão
mais ampla da circunstância.
Mas mesmo que concedêssemos
sua premissa de que,
"Não, não. Há uma boa razão para crer
que um desses livros é perfeito",
ainda estaríamos com situação
cara ou coroa.
Não saberíamos se era para sermos
um cristão ou um muçulmano.
E percebemos que as pessoas
estão escolhendo basicamente
Por uma mera questão
de casualidade do nascimento.
Quer dizer que se você nasce
acidentalmente no Afeganistão,
Você "escolhe" ser um muçulmano.
Da mesma forma com o
Cristianismo por aí.
É um. . . é um tipo muito estranho
de deus amoroso,
que tenha criado
estas circunstâncias.
Por mero acidente de nascimento,
que você é criado para acreditar
que um determinado livro foi. . . foi
(e digamos que foi corretamente
levado a acreditar)
que este livro foi o livro perfeito.
Mas se você tivesse
nascido na China,
você ficaria séculos
sem ouvir sobre isso.
É um estranho . . . parece-me até,
por motivos óbvios,
um cenário totalmente ingênuo
e implausível.
Mesmo assim é o cenário que a maioria
das pessoas acreditam no século 21.
LEGENDADO POR: ALESSANDRO MAGNO
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Spanish:
Hey!!! Hola que tal? genteyo soy su amigo RockOh! y en esta ocasión vamos a
estar haciendo reacciones claro que sí
como no con mucho gusto todas las
reacciones que me está dejando que han
sido bastantes últimamente han dejado
muchas sobre Dimash es que creo que va a haber
mucho de Dimash hoy y como les decía entra
en mucho tema y de las últimas
reacciones que estaba haciendo así que
esta fuerte se pone fuerte este rollo
se ponen muy intensos (exageran)
este es no es un concierto no es nada
este va a ser un mix de lo que se hizo
en este ensayo y de lo que se realizó en
vivo
entonces pus
pudiéramos ver que sería todo esto pero
el audio es el que va a ser con un mix
English:
Hey !!! Hi, how are you? I am your friend RockOh! and this time we are going to
be making clear reactions yes
of course not with pleasure all
reactions you're leaving me they've
been quite a few lately have left
a lot about Dimash is that I think there will be
a lot of Dimash today and as I was saying come in
on a lot of topic and the latest
reactions I was doing so I
this strong gets strong this roll
they get very intense (they exaggerate)
this is not a concert it's nothing
this is going to be a mix of what was done
in this trial and what was done in
alive
then pus
we could see what all this would be but
the audio is the one that will be with a mix
Spanish:
Hey!!! Hola que tal? genteyo soy su amigo RockOh! y en esta ocasión vamos a
estar haciendo reacciones claro que sí
como no con mucho gusto todas las
reacciones que me está dejando que han
sido bastantes últimamente han dejado
muchas sobre Dimash es que creo que va a haber
mucho de Dimash hoy y como les decía entra
en mucho tema y de las últimas
reacciones que estaba haciendo así que
esta fuerte se pone fuerte este rollo
se ponen muy intensos (exageran)
este es no es un concierto no es nada
este va a ser un mix de lo que se hizo
en este ensayo y de lo que se realizó en
vivo
entonces pus
pudiéramos ver que sería todo esto pero
el audio es el que va a ser con un mix
English:
between this and what happened live
Okay, let's see
ah !!!! already already, if I felt, if I felt here he, sorry
that I return it if I felt look here it
listen to what is the audio here and then it began to qualify, I hear zzz
where the audio entered the other audio
Okay
there!! it got bigger
it got bigger
Spanish:
entre esto y en lo que sucedió en vivo
ok a ver
ah!!!! ya ya, si sentí, si si sentí aqui el, perdón
que lo regrese si sentí mira aquí se
escucha lo que es el audio de aquí y luego se empezo a matizar se escucho zzz
donde entró el audio el otro audio
bueno
ahí!! se hizo mas grande
se hizo más grande
Spanish:
entre esto y en lo que sucedió en vivo
ok a ver
ah!!!! ya ya, si sentí, si si sentí aqui el, perdón
que lo regrese si sentí mira aquí se
escucha lo que es el audio de aquí y luego se empezo a matizar se escucho zzz
donde entró el audio el otro audio
bueno
ahí!! se hizo mas grande
se hizo más grande
Spanish:
si nos podemos dar cuenta por el
golpeteo de los palillos
ya no ya no quedaron con ese... tan seco en
el ambiente ya se quedaron nada más.
marcados así hasta ahí, y se quedaban
más más amplios y ese vacío de sala se
eliminó porque ya no eso es lo que les
explicó es que los explicó y luego ustedes
creen que es para ofender la ella canta
muy bien ya sabemos que canta muy bien
simplemente me llama la atención lo que
suceden y las veces que realizan las
personas o ella misma que fue el caso de
los vídeos que vi y luego salen
ofendidos no se ofendan no estoy haciendo
nada malo ni siquiera es crítica
English:
if we can account for it
drumstick tapping
no longer no longer left with that ... so dry in
the atmosphere already stayed nothing more.
marked like this up there, and they stayed
broader and that room void is
removed because that's no longer what they
explained is he explained them and then you
they think it's to offend her she sings
very well we already know that he sings very well
I am simply struck by what
happen and the times they do
people or herself which was the case with
the videos that I saw and then they come out
offended don't be offended I'm not doing
nothing wrong is not even critical
Spanish:
si nos podemos dar cuenta por el
golpeteo de los palillos
ya no ya no quedaron con ese... tan seco en
el ambiente ya se quedaron nada más.
marcados así hasta ahí, y se quedaban
más más amplios y ese vacío de sala se
eliminó porque ya no eso es lo que les
explicó es que los explicó y luego ustedes
creen que es para ofender la ella canta
muy bien ya sabemos que canta muy bien
simplemente me llama la atención lo que
suceden y las veces que realizan las
personas o ella misma que fue el caso de
los vídeos que vi y luego salen
ofendidos no se ofendan no estoy haciendo
nada malo ni siquiera es crítica
Spanish:
y me encanta ver este tipo de cosas
como como coordina el maestro todo a
todos los músicos y como todos los
músicos siguen las partituras y están
pegados y conscientes de tiempo y forma
de cómo se tienen que hacer ciertas
cosas dónde tienes que entrar y dónde
tienes que hacer, si, no, que (ciertas cosas) está está muy
Spanish:
y me encanta ver este tipo de cosas
como como coordina el maestro todo a
todos los músicos y como todos los
músicos siguen las partituras y están
pegados y conscientes de tiempo y forma
de cómo se tienen que hacer ciertas
cosas dónde tienes que entrar y dónde
tienes que hacer, si, no, que (ciertas cosas) está está muy
English:
and I love to see this kind of thing
how the teacher coordinates everything to
all the musicians and like all
musicians follow the sheet music and are
glued and aware of time and shape
how certain things have to be done
things where do you have to enter and where
you have to do, yes, no, that (certain things) is very
Spanish:
muy chido me gustó mucho ver este,
admirar este tipo de trabajos realmente
es eso y en conjunto al al vocalista a
la persona que está al frente realizando
lo que es la parte de la letra está está
muy chido me agrada no sé me fascina
mucho ver cómo que el detrás de todo lo
que ya ves de frente y en un solo una
sola toma pero este trabajo me emociona
mucho saber cómo trabajan
viste le dio la pauta y ahí mismo entró
ella fíjate cuando baja la mano es ese
pequeño gesto lo entendemos por igual
igual estamos conscientes cuando está
realizando una canción estamos
conscientes en base al el metrónomo
cuando tienes que entrar y cuando van a
suceder los cambios
Spanish:
muy chido me gustó mucho ver este,
admirar este tipo de trabajos realmente
es eso y en conjunto al al vocalista a
la persona que está al frente realizando
lo que es la parte de la letra está está
muy chido me agrada no sé me fascina
mucho ver cómo que el detrás de todo lo
que ya ves de frente y en un solo una
sola toma pero este trabajo me emociona
mucho saber cómo trabajan
viste le dio la pauta y ahí mismo entró
ella fíjate cuando baja la mano es ese
pequeño gesto lo entendemos por igual
igual estamos conscientes cuando está
realizando una canción estamos
conscientes en base al el metrónomo
cuando tienes que entrar y cuando van a
suceder los cambios
English:
very cool I really liked seeing this,
admire this kind of work really
is that and together the vocalist to
the person in front doing
what is the part of the letter is is
very cool I like it I don't know fascinates me
very much see how that the behind everything
that you already see from the front and in one
it only takes but this work excites me
very much know how they work
you saw gave him the guideline and right there he entered
she notice when she lowers her hand is that
small gesture we understand it equally
we are also aware when it is
performing a song we are
aware based on the metronome
when do you have to go in and when are you going to
happen the changes
Spanish:
esas son explicaciones de otras
da igual si se les expliquen o si se
ofendieron con lo de un micrófono
los violines
y me encanta!!
me mega encanta
me mega encanta me super mega encanta cómo
cantan y como todo todo lo que he estado
todo realizado me gusta mucho pero hay
Spanish:
esas son explicaciones de otras
da igual si se les expliquen o si se
ofendieron con lo de un micrófono
los violines
y me encanta!!
me mega encanta
me mega encanta me super mega encanta cómo
cantan y como todo todo lo que he estado
todo realizado me gusta mucho pero hay
English:
those are explanations of others
it doesn't matter if they are explained or
they offended with the microphone
the violins
and I love it!!
i love mega
I mega love it I super mega love how
they sing and like everything I've been
I like everything done but there is
Spanish:
que entender que aquí lo que se vio no
fue lo que se escuchó este lo que se
escucha se parte o se pierde al
principio por aquí
mira
ahí viste. sentiste cuando cuando cruzan
mira
se sigue escuchando golpeteo ese pa,papa,pa,
y se queda en el ambiente como es como
matiz. como como ese un pequeño eco de
cuarto vacío
escuché hasta puedes escuchar la
respiración de la gente
y ahí ya no escuchas ese sonido ese aire
demás que se encuentra en el ambiente
que un micrófono bueno logra captar qué
Spanish:
que entender que aquí lo que se vio no
fue lo que se escuchó este lo que se
escucha se parte o se pierde al
principio por aquí
mira
ahí viste. sentiste cuando cuando cruzan
mira
se sigue escuchando golpeteo ese pa,papa,pa,
y se queda en el ambiente como es como
matiz. como como ese un pequeño eco de
cuarto vacío
escuché hasta puedes escuchar la
respiración de la gente
y ahí ya no escuchas ese sonido ese aire
demás que se encuentra en el ambiente
que un micrófono bueno logra captar qué
English:
to understand that here what was seen was not
was what was heard this what was
listen is broken or lost at
start here
look
there you saw. did you feel when when they cross
look
you can still hear the pounding that dad, dad, dad,
and it stays in the environment like it's like
hue. like like that a little echo of
empty room
I heard you can even hear the
people's breath
and there you no longer hear that sound, that air
others found in the environment
that a good microphone manages to capture what
Spanish:
es lo que pasa aquí captas, captas ese
aire en el ambiente que un micrófono
potente como de condensador o estos que
ya van conectados digitalmente de los
dinámicos a la interfaz de audio que las
interfaces de audio ya eliminan esos
sonidos (perdón no eliminan estos sonidos eliminan la estática) por eso están aquí demasiados
computadores
más adelante debe estar una de estos si
es que están monitoreando lo de esa
forma de estar conectadas a ella
y aquí aquí ya se escucha más grande
todo y más cerquita como si estuviéramos ahí
y no. porque todavía si estuviéramos ahí y se
escuche se escucharía eso...
es por eso que se escuchan diferentes en
vivo y en estudio por esto que acaba de suceder..... eliminas
ese aire es ese de esa ambientación que
Spanish:
es lo que pasa aquí captas, captas ese
aire en el ambiente que un micrófono
potente como de condensador o estos que
ya van conectados digitalmente de los
dinámicos a la interfaz de audio que las
interfaces de audio ya eliminan esos
sonidos (perdón no eliminan estos sonidos eliminan la estática) por eso están aquí demasiados
computadores
más adelante debe estar una de estos si
es que están monitoreando lo de esa
forma de estar conectadas a ella
y aquí aquí ya se escucha más grande
todo y más cerquita como si estuviéramos ahí
y no. porque todavía si estuviéramos ahí y se
escuche se escucharía eso...
es por eso que se escuchan diferentes en
vivo y en estudio por esto que acaba de suceder..... eliminas
ese aire es ese de esa ambientación que
English:
is what happens here you get, you get that
air in the environment that a microphone
powerful as a condenser or these that
are already digitally connected to
dynamic to the audio interface that
audio interfaces already eliminate those
sounds (sorry don't eliminate these sounds eliminate static) that's why too many are here
computers
later there must be one of these if
is that they are monitoring that
way of being connected to it
and here you can already hear bigger
everything and closer as if we were there
and not. because still if we were there and it
listen would you hear that ...
that's why you hear different in
I live and study because of what has just happened ...
that air is that of that setting that
Spanish:
existe de forma natural se elimina en un
estudio al tener un ambiente más
controlado y con todo lo que tengo decir
entonces si sucede si lo tocan si lo
practican pero ya cuando lo editan
sucede ese pequeño cambio que la verdad
es muy sutil y es muy perfecto tan
perfecto pero si ese sí es distinguible
pero si es muy perfecto y tenemos
este resultado
es grandioso
y aquí está
y las conexiones
está bajo también podría ser
Spanish:
existe de forma natural se elimina en un
estudio al tener un ambiente más
controlado y con todo lo que tengo decir
entonces si sucede si lo tocan si lo
practican pero ya cuando lo editan
sucede ese pequeño cambio que la verdad
es muy sutil y es muy perfecto tan
perfecto pero si ese sí es distinguible
pero si es muy perfecto y tenemos
este resultado
es grandioso
y aquí está
y las conexiones
está bajo también podría ser
English:
exists naturally is removed in a
study by having a more
controlled and with everything I have to say
so if it happens if they touch it if they
they practice but when they edit it
that little change happens the truth
it's very subtle and it's very perfect so
perfect but if that yes is distinguishable
but if it is very perfect and we have
this result
it's great
and here it is
and the connections
is low it could also be
Spanish:
esté de aquí
era
nada es corriente nada más trae corriente
hasta el maestro de mezclas
él es el que tiene el control del audio
totalmente
pero insisto de nueva cuenta no está mal
está está súper súper súper mega bien
está súper genial ver este tipo de cosas
ver cómo se produjo en vivo y escuchar
cómo terminó la mezcla es como ver
cuándo comienzan a construir una casa
ves el terreno, solo y luego ves varillas y
luego bloc y luego ves o de lo que vaya a ser
English:
this one here
was
nothing is current nothing else brings current
even the mixing master
he's the one in control of the audio
totally
but I insist again it's not bad
this is super super super mega well
it's super cool to see this kind of thing
see how it came about live and listen
how the mix ended it's like watching
when do they start building a house
you see the ground alone and then you see rods and
then pad and then you see what it will be
Spanish:
esté de aquí
era
nada es corriente nada más trae corriente
hasta el maestro de mezclas
él es el que tiene el control del audio
totalmente
pero insisto de nueva cuenta no está mal
está está súper súper súper mega bien
está súper genial ver este tipo de cosas
ver cómo se produjo en vivo y escuchar
cómo terminó la mezcla es como ver
cuándo comienzan a construir una casa
ves el terreno, solo y luego ves varillas y
luego bloc y luego ves o de lo que vaya a ser
Spanish:
vaya a ser y luego ves al final que ya
tiene las luces y ya tiene todo lo que
está pintada y qué es esto que es lo otro, que es aquello y dices tu oh no manches
está sorprendente pues es lo mismo que yo
veo en este tipo de situaciones y es lo
que me gusta a ver como sea
y termina de construir eso es lo que
está muy chido
bien
y corta donde ella termina
y cambia
está muy bien y ya!!! hasta aquí llegamos
y bueno pues nada familia muchísimas
gracias por haberte quedado hasta el
final del vídeo ya sabes que si te gusta
este tipo de contenidos me puedes
regalar un excelente like ya sabes este
que me puedes dejar tu comentario tu duda o
English:
go to be and then you see at the end that already
it has the lights and it already has everything
It is painted and what is this, what is the other, what is that and you say, oh, don't stain
it's amazing because it's the same as me
I see in these kinds of situations and it is
I like to see how it is
and finish building that's what
it's very cool
well
and cut where she ends
and it changes
It is very good and already! here we come
and well, nothing family many
Thank you for having stayed until
end of the video you know if you like
this type of content you can
give an excellent like you know this
that you can leave me your comment, your question or
Spanish:
vaya a ser y luego ves al final que ya
tiene las luces y ya tiene todo lo que
está pintada y qué es esto que es lo otro, que es aquello y dices tu oh no manches
está sorprendente pues es lo mismo que yo
veo en este tipo de situaciones y es lo
que me gusta a ver como sea
y termina de construir eso es lo que
está muy chido
bien
y corta donde ella termina
y cambia
está muy bien y ya!!! hasta aquí llegamos
y bueno pues nada familia muchísimas
gracias por haberte quedado hasta el
final del vídeo ya sabes que si te gusta
este tipo de contenidos me puedes
regalar un excelente like ya sabes este
que me puedes dejar tu comentario tu duda o
Spanish:
tu opinión en el apartado de comentarios
en la parte de abajo no olvides
suscribirte presionar la campanita para
que no te pierdas el contenido que
llegan a notificaciones ahí de cuando
subimos vídeos ahorita estamos haciendo
los directos aquí en twitch para que nos
puedan acompañar e interactuar ha venido
gente ha estado con nosotros aquí hemos
platicado hacemos reseñas hacemos todo
lo que ustedes me piden este,
de antemano agradezco mucho que se hayan
quedado conmigo hasta el final del vídeo
muchísimas Gracias por todas sus recomendaciones
y sus buenos comentarios ya saben que
los quiero bastante mucho y nos vamos
hasta la próxima Bye! :-*
English:
your opinion in the comments section
at the bottom don't forget
subscribe press the bell to
do not miss the content that
get to notifications there from when
we upload videos right now we are doing
the direct ones here on twitch so that we
they can accompany and interact has come
people have been with us here we have
talked we do reviews we do everything
what you ask me for this,
I thank you very much in advance
stayed with me until the end of the video
Thank you very much for all your recommendations.
and your good comments already know that
I love them very much and we are leaving
until next time Bye! : - *
Spanish:
tu opinión en el apartado de comentarios
en la parte de abajo no olvides
suscribirte presionar la campanita para
que no te pierdas el contenido que
llegan a notificaciones ahí de cuando
subimos vídeos ahorita estamos haciendo
los directos aquí en twitch para que nos
puedan acompañar e interactuar ha venido
gente ha estado con nosotros aquí hemos
platicado hacemos reseñas hacemos todo
lo que ustedes me piden este,
de antemano agradezco mucho que se hayan
quedado conmigo hasta el final del vídeo
muchísimas Gracias por todas sus recomendaciones
y sus buenos comentarios ya saben que
los quiero bastante mucho y nos vamos
hasta la próxima Bye! :-*
| {
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If you don't understand Hindi then sorry this video is not for you
| {
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>> Stephen: WELCOME BACK,
EVERYBODY, TO "THE LATE SHOW,"
ALREADY IN PROGRESS.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, YOU KNOW
MY FIRST GUEST FROM MOVIES SUCH
AS "SPEED," "POINT BREAK", "THE
MATRIX," AND THE "JOHN WICK"
SERIES OF INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS.
PLEASE WELCOME, KEANU REEVES!
( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE )
♪ ♪ ♪
>> STEPHEN!
( CHEERS )
>> Stephen: GOOD TO SEE YOU
AGAIN.
HOW HAVE YOU BEEN?
>> I'VE BEEN GOOD.
( CHEERS )
YEAH, GOOD EVENING.
>> Stephen: PEOPLE ENJOY--
PEOPLE ENJOY THE KEANU REEVES.
THAT'S VERY NICE.
>> THAT IS NICE!
THANK YOU.
>> Stephen: THE LATEST
INSTALLMENT OF "JOHN WICK" SHOWS
YOU WITH REALLY EXTRAORDINARY
AGILITY.
AND-- AND PHYSICAL CAPABILITY.
YOU-- YOU-- YOU SAY YOU DON'T DO
YOUR STUNTS, BUT DO YOU YOUR
ACTION.
>> I DO ACTION, YEAH.
>> Stephen: WHAT DOES THAT
MEAN "DO YOUR ACTION" AS OPPOSED
TO YOUR STUNT?
>> OKAY SO I'LL DO SOME FIGHT
SCENES, AND THEN JOHN WICK WILL
GET HIT BY A CAR, AND THAT'S
JACKSON SPIDEL--
>> Stephen: THAT'S YOUR STUNT
MAN.
>> YES, WHO IS AN AMAZING STUNT
MAN.
AND HE GETS HIT BY THE CAR.
THEN I'LL GET UP FROM THE CAR,
AND THEN I'LL DO A WHOLE BUNCH
MORE OF, LIKE, ARE KUNG FU AND
WHATEVER AND JUDO.
AND THEN MAYBE, YOU KNOW, THEN
IF I GET THROWN OFF OF
SOMETHING, THEN JACKSON DOES HIS
THING.
>> Stephen: RIGHT.
>> BUT IN THE FILM --
>> Stephen: BUT YOU COULD IF
YOU WANTED TO, BUT YOU DON'T
WANT TO TAKE HIS JOB AWAY.
>> I COULD GET HIT BY A CAR BUT,
YOU KNOW, HOSPITAL.
( LAUGHTER ).
>> Stephen: OH, YOU COULD GET
HIT BY A CAR ONCE, LAST FILM.
>> THAT'S IT.
>> Stephen: YES.
>> BUT JACKSON IS A
PROFESSIONAL, AND HE KNOWS HOW
TO DO THAT AND-- BUT, I MEAN,
FOR JOHN WICK ACTION IS A
PARTICULAR KIND OF ACTION.
THE DIRECTOR WANTS TO MAKE IT
IMMERSIVE AND WANTS TO MAKE IT
LUKE A PERFORMANCE, SO IT'S
REALLY LONG TAKES.
SO WE-- YOU KNOW, YOU TRAIN FOR
A WHILE.
>> Stephen: WHAT I LOVE IS YOU
SEE THE FIGHT HAPPENING.
>> YEAH, EXACTLY.
>> Stephen: IT'S LIKE WATCHING
DANCE.
>> YEAH, IT'S VERY MUCH LIKE
THAT.
THE DIRECTOR HAS A VISION, THEN
THERE'S SOME CHOREOGRAPHY MOST
OF THE TIME.
AND THEN-- AND THEN WE GO, WE
REHEARSE AND THEN WE PERFORM.
>> Stephen: A SINGLE FIGHT,
LET'S SAY ONE FIVE-MINUTE FIGHT,
YOU MIGHT DO, HOW LONG ARE YOU
TRAINING FOR THAT FIGHT?
>> WELL, IT DEPENDS.
SO THEY DON'T-- OKAY SO, THERE'S
A COUPLE FIGHTS WHERE WE TRAINED
A COUPLE OF DAYS, BUT WHAT
REALLY HAPPENS IS FOR ME, THEY
GET-- I GET BASICALLY LIKE A
JOHN WICK TOOLBOX SO I'LL KNOW
HOWEVER MANY JUDO THROWS.
THEY'LL CHOREOGRAPH MOST OF THE
JUJITSU.
WITH THE HORSE, THERE'S A HORSE
FIGHT NOW.
SO I HAVE TO DO SOME --
>> Stephen: YOU FIGHT A HORSE.
>> I HAD TO GET OFF THE SADDLE.
NO, I'M ON THE HORSE AND THEN --
>> Stephen: THE HORSE IS
FIGHTING.
THE HORSE IS FIGHTING.
>> IT'S JOHN WICK.
IT'S LIKE, INSTEAD OF JUST
RIDING THE HORSE YOU HAVE TO
HAVE A GUN FIGHT AND DO ALL OF
THAT SORT OF STUFF.
>> Stephen: WHAT IS IT LIKE TO
FIGHT ON A HORSE?
>> IT'S FUN.
( LAUGHTER ).
>> Stephen: DOES THAT MAKE YOU
NERVOUS AT ALL?
>> NO!
IT'S A MOVIE!
IT'S FUN!
>> Stephen: BUT THE HORSE IS
REAL.
YOU COULD GETUE COULD GET THROWN
AND TRAMPLED.
>> YEAH, YOU CAN DIE.
( LAUGHTER )
BUT THE THING IS-- BUT THE THING
IS, I MEAN --
>> Stephen: I WASN'T GOING TO
GO THAT FAR, BUT THAT'S TRUE.
>> THAT'S WHAT CAN HAPPEN.
BUT THEY HAVE A SAFETY SYSTEM SO
THEY CREATED THIS RIG, WITH THE
HORSE BEHIND A TRUCK AND THE
THING --
>> Stephen: THEY STRAP THE
HORSE BEHIND A TRUCK.
WHAT ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT?
>> WELL KIND-- IT'S VERY
COMPLICATED.
BUT ANYWAY, YOU WON'T SEE THAT
IN THE MOVIE.
I'LL JUST BE RIDING, AND IT WILL
LOOK-- HOPEFULLY PEOPLE WILL
ENJOY IT, BUT--
( APPLAUSE )
( CHEERS )
BUT IT'S JOHN WICK!
>> Stephen: I THINK WE HAVE--
I THINK WE HAVE AN IMAGE-- I
THINK WE HAVE AN IMAGE.
IS THIS THE HORSE THING?
>> YEAH, YEAH, BUT THAT'S
ACTUALLY JUST RIDING.
>> Stephen: THAT'S JUST
RIDING, OKAY.
>> THAT'S JUST RIDING.
THERE'S A WHOLE OTHER THING THAT
HAPPENS.
>> Stephen: DID YOU KNOW HOW
TO RIDE BEFORE THIS?
>> YEAH, A LITTLE BIT.
A LITTLE BIT.
>> Stephen: HAVE YOU EVER
PLAYED A COWBOY?
>> NO.
>> Stephen: OKAY.
>> YEAH.
I'D LIKE TO.
A WESTERN WOULD BE FUN.
>> Stephen: SURE.
>> BUT WITH THIS IT WAS JUST--
YOU KNOW, I WORKED WITH A
SECOND-GENERATION HORSE MASTER
TAD GRIFFITH AND HIS FAMILY.
YEAH, I MEAN, THAT'S REALLY WHAT
HAPPENS A LOT WITH JOHN WICK IS
YOU GET TO MEET THESE GREAT
INSTRUCTORS AND TEACHERS.
HEAL BERRY WORKED ON THE FILM.
SHE WAS GREAT, AND SHE WENT INTO
JOHN WICK ACTION.
SHE WORKED WITH TWO BELGIAN
DOGS.
HER CHARACTER HAS DOGS.
AND SHE TRAINED WITH THEM FOR
OVER --
>> Stephen: THAT'S THIS.
>> THAT'S THE SHOT.
SHE HAD TO DO SOME JOHN WICK
ACTION.
WHICH THEN SHE TRAINED FOR
ABOUT-- OVER SIX MONTHS.
>> Stephen: SO YOU'RE WORKING
WITH HORSES.
YOU'RE WORKING WITH DOGS.
IS IT HARD TO WORK WITH THE
ANIMALS ON SET?
>> NO, AS LONG AS YOU BUILD,
"LIKE A RELATIONSHIP WITH THEM.
>> Stephen: WHAT WAS YOUR
RELATIONSHIP TO THESE DOGS?
( LAUGHTER ).
>> I DIDN'T DO THE HALLE BERRY
SIX-MONTH TRAINING BECAUSE THEY
WERE HER DOGS.
OKAY, AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE THE
FIRST DAY THAT I WENT TO TRAIN
WITH HEAL WHO HAD BEEN TRAINING
WITH WONDERFUL DOGS, THE TRAINER
SAID, "SO HALLEY'S GOING TO
STAND THERE.
THERE SHE IS AND THERE ARE HER
TWO DOGS.
YOU'RE GOING TO WALK UP TO THEM.
DON'T LOOK AT THEM.
DON'T LOOK AT THEM IN THE EYE."
>> Stephen: WHY.
>> BECAUSE THEY'LL-- THEY-- THEY
MIGHT DO SOMETHING NOT GOOD.
NOW, THESE ANIMALS ARE REALLY
BEAUTIFUL AND FRIENDLY AND
AWESOME --
>> Stephen: AS LONG AS YOU
DON'T LOOK AT THEM.
( LAUGHTER )
THAT SOUNDS REALLY DANGEROUS.
DID YOU GO, "YOU KNOW, NO MORE
'JOHN WICK' MOVIES IF THAT DOG
TAKES MY FACE OFF."
>> NO, YOU JUST HAVE TO PAY
ATTENTION.
AND EVENTUALLY I GOT TO KNOW
THEM BETTER AND HE STILL TOLD ME
NOT TO LOOK AT THEM.
HALE WORKED SO MUCH THE TRAINER
TOLD ME-- HALE BY THE END WAS
HELLO.
AND GIVING COMMANDS.
AND IF YOU SEE THE FILM, IT'S
PRETTY SPECTACULAR WHAT THEY DO
TOGETHER.
>> Stephen: DID THE HORSE EVER
GET SPOOKED BY THE DOGS OR, LIKE
--
>> NO, THEY NEVER MET EACH
OTHER.
>> Stephen: OKAY.
>> NO.
BUT DOG THEY HAD IN "JOHN WICK"
ESCAPED ONCE IN TIMES SQUARE AT
5:00 IN THE MORNING ASK WENT
AFTER ONE THOSE OF HORSES WITH
THE CARTS.
>> Stephen: THE FIRST DOG--
>> I MEAN, IT DIDN'T GO AFTER
IT.
WE WERE DOING A SCENE, AND THEN
THE HORSE AND THE THING, AND THE
DOG WENT, "OH!"
AND IT DID A DOG THING.
IT WENT AFTER THE-- OH, YEAH,
AND THEN THERE WAS-- WHEN WE
WERE IN MOROK OH, YEAH, THERE
WERE THE DOGS AND A LOT OF CATS.
SO WE HAD, LIKE, CAT CHAOS.
>> Stephen: ARE THESE TRAINED
CATS OR WILD CATS?
>> THESE ARE WILD CATS WITH THE
DOGS.
SO THEN WE WOULD BE DOING A
SCENE AND, "CAT!
CAT!
CAT!"
AND THE DOGS WERE JUST LIKE BUT
THE THING IS WITH THE DOGS, YOU
CAN'T JUST GRAB THE DOG BECAUSE
IF YOU --
>> Stephen: RIGHT, BECAUSE...
EXACTLY.
YOU MIGHT ACTUALLY MAKE EYE
CONTACT.
YES, UH-HUH.
>> EXCITING TIMES.
>> Stephen: YEAH.
WE HAVE A CLIP HERE.
THIS IS NOT THE HORSE?
WHAT IS THIS?
THIS IS THE MOTORCYCLE.
>> YES.
>> Stephen: THIS IS THE
MOTORCYCLE.
WHAT'S GOG HERE?
>> WE WANTED TO OPEN UP THE JOHN
WICK ACTION IN THE FILM.
WE HAD SOME HORSES AND SOME
DOGS.
AND NOW THE DIRECTOR HAD THE
IDEA OF NINJAS AND A MOTORCYCLE
FIGHT.
>> Stephen: SURE, OBVIOUSLY,
THAT'S A NATURAL.
>> IT'S JOHN WICK, BABY!
>> Stephen: COME ON.
JIM.
WICK IT.
( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE )
>> IT'S FUN.
IT'S FUN!
>> Stephen: WELL, YOUR FANS
ARE PRETTY DARN EXCITED ABOUT A
RECENT ANNOUNCEMENT.
YOU'RE REPRIZING ANOTHER CLASSIC
ROLE FROM YOUR PAST.
YOU AND YOUR FRIEND ALEX WINTER
ANNOUNCED THAT--
( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE )
BILL AND TED ARE COMING BACK.
ANYTHING WE CAN KNOW ABOUT--
WHAT ARE THEY-- WHAT ARE THEY
DEALING WITH IN THIS ONE?
YOU CAN TELL ME ANYTHING ABOUT
IT.
>> SURE, RIGHT NOW IT'S CALLED
"BILL AND TED FACE THE MUSIC."
AND WE'RE FINDING THEM HOWEVER
MANY YEARS LATER-- I THINK IT'S
OVER 25.
AND THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO WRITE
THE SONG THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO
UNITE THE WORLD AND BRING PEACE
AND EVERYTHING, BUT THEY
HAVEN'T.
AND SO WHAT HAS THAT DONE TO
THEM?
>> Stephen: A LOT OF PRESSURE.
>> IT'S A --
>> Stephen: LOT OF PRESSURE.
>> PRESSURE.
AND YOU'VE GOT YOUR FAMILY NOW,
BUT YOU'RE STILL TRYING TO WRITE
THE SONG BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO
SAVE THE WORLD!
BUT THEN THE FUTURE COMES DOWN
AND SAYS, "WELL, NO, YOU DON'T
REALLY JUST HAVE TO SAVE THE
WORLD.
YOU HAVE TO SAEFORT UNIVERSE,
AND YOU HAVE TO WRITE THE SONG
IN, LIKE, 80 MINUTES."
>> Stephen: WOW.
>> THIES PROBLEM BECAUSE WE
HAVEN'T WRITTEN A SONG IN OVER
25 YEARS, SO WHAT ARE WE GOING
TO DO?
>> Stephen: WHAT HAPPENS TO
YOU IF YOU DON'T THIS DO THIS?
>> IT'S THE END OF THE UNIVERSE
AND TIME AND SPACE.
>> Stephen: YOU'RE FACING YOUR
MORTALITY AND ALL OF EXISTENCE?
>> YEAH.
>> Stephen: WOW.
WHAT DO YOU THINK HAPPENS WHEN
WE DIE, KEANU REEVES?
( LAUGHTER )
>> I KNOW THAT THE ONES WHO LOVE
US WILL MISS US.
>> Audience: OOOH!
( APPLAUSE )
>> Stephen: "JOHN WICK: CHAPTER
3-PARABELLUM" IS IN THEATERS
NEXT FRIDAY.
KEANU REEVES, EVERYBODY!
WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK WITH
"TOOTSIE" STAR SANTINO FONTANA.
| {
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Professor John
Rogers: In Book Four of
Paradise Lost,
Milton had sketched the origins
of human freedom.
You remember this.
Eve's first memory,
or her reflection on her
reflection in the pool,
had established the importance
of freedom and also the
importance of independence for
not only her relation with Adam
but essentially all of human
relations.
Milton's concern in Book Four
was to establish something like
the viability of a freedom that
was able,
in some way,
to coexist with what we
discussed as the hierarchical
set of power relations.
This coexistence of freedom,
on the one hand,
and social hierarchy,
on the other,
is something that this poem
continues to assert.
I would also add that it's
something that this poem
continues to worry about.
It's an extraordinarily
problematic but crucial element
of Paradise Lost.
Now, I want to review a couple
of moments in Book Four.
Think back to what Eve had told
Adam after she had been
compelled by him,
and also by the warning voice,
after she had been compelled to
channel all of her erotic
energies away from the
beautiful,
sympathetic,
responsive watery image toward
Adam.
Eve had said,
"thy gentle hand / seiz'd mine,
I yielded."
Theirs is a continual dance of
seizing and yielding.
You have his assertion of power
and her gracious resignation,
although it's a gentle use of
power,
on the one hand,
and it's an independent and
consensual resignation,
on the other.
Through this dance Milton,
I think, was trying to
establish a model of human
interaction really distinct from
simple coercion,
or completely distinct from
simple coercion.
It's distinct from the simple
exercise of brute force that,
I think, we often associate
with life in a hierarchically
organized society.
Human interaction in this poem
is founded on the principle of
consent.
In the Miltonic commonwealth of
Eden -- and we think of it as a
commonwealth -- no one can be
forced to act.
Eve has to choose to act.
She has to consent to act.
She yields, which is for Milton
not actually a resignation.
It's a positive,
deliberate action,
and she has the right of
consent because she possesses
for Milton an inalienable
capacity for free will and free
choice.So,
this account of Eve's first
exercise of free will,
the one that I've just given
you -- her yielding to Adam when
he seizes her hand -- that's at
least,
I think, the official one that
the poem urges us to accept,
according to what I'm thinking
of as the poem's official
philosophy,
because it seems to be a
guarantee, in some way,
subtended by the narrator and
authoritative forces in the
poem.
According to this philosophy,
Eve yields to Adam freely and
willingly because she comes to
recognize his superior nature.
The poem presses on us a
philosophy whereby Eve's freedom
is entirely compatible with what
we're asked to take as the fact
of her inferiority to Adam.
Satan himself explains
perfectly this philosophy,
and I think ironically it's
Satan who gives us the best
formulation of this coexistence
of freedom and hierarchy in the
poem: that freedom and hierarchy
are absolutely compatible.
Satan will tell Abdiel in Book
Five:
[F]or Orders and Degrees
Jar not with liberty,
but well consist.
Who can in reason then or right
assume
Monarchy over such as live by
right
His equals, if in power and
splendor less,
In freedom equal?
But Milton's poetry -- well,
think how odd it is,
[laughs]
first of all,
that it's Satan who's giving us
something like the only
carefully articulated
authoritative position on this,
to say the least,
controversial matter.
Milton's poetry is invariably
more sophisticated than what we
can think of as the official
dogma or the authoritative line
of the poem.
Perhaps that fact is revealed
or exposed to us by the fact
that it's Satan who's giving us,
in this instance,
the authoritative line.
It's important to keep this
distinction in mind because this
poem simply cannot be reduced.
Sometimes it tries to be
reduced, but it cannot be
reduced, to those ringing
declarations of what sound like
the official positions of the
poem.Think how complicated
it is with Eve.
Eve's account of that beautiful
pool-side reverie was so filled
with pathos and longing that
it's impossible,
I think, not to feel at least a
little bit of disappointment
when she consents finally to her
union with Adam.
It's almost -- I don't know --
this kind of a sense in which
she's sold out.
Of course, we're happy that she
has a mate who's another person
and not merely a smooth,
watery image.
Nonetheless,
there's a sense of
disappointment that attends that
choice that she makes.
Initially for Eve,
I am at least convinced there
seemed to be nothing like
freedom at all.
She remembers having gazed at
that pleasing image in the
reflective pool and she recalls
being pulled away from that
smiling and sympathetic image by
that mysterious voice that had
guided her to Adam.
I think this is one of the most
moving lines in the entire poem
when Eve recalls the feeling of
helplessness that she
experienced when she heard that
voice.
This is how she explains it
later to Adam:
"what could I do,
/ but follow straight,
invisibly thus led?"In
other words, "What could I do?"
Not a bad question:
what could she do?
The subordination of woman to
man in heterosexual union in
Paradise Lost seemed
entirely compulsory at that
moment,
and Eve, it seemed,
on some level had to be coerced
to unite herself with this less
pleasing Adam.
For a moment at least,
Milton seemed to be on the
brink of something like a
powerful critique of the
so-called naturalness of
normative sexual behavior;
because there's at least some
suggestion here that Eve's
attraction to Adam was not
freely chosen at all.
It was chosen for her,
it was assigned to her.All
of this is a way of saying that
Milton is doing something
extraordinary complicated in
Paradise Lost.
He justaposes -- he does this
consistently -- the rhetoric of
rational consent,
on the one hand,
with the competing rhetoric of
coercion: maybe that word's a
little strong,
but a competing rhetoric of
something like a gentle
compulsion, if that oxymoron
makes any sense.
There's a way in which this
entire scene,
which is intended to assert the
politics of rational consent,
provides at the very same
moment something like a critique
of the politics of rational
consent.
We know that Eve's freely
willed act of yielding followed
in time Adam's exertion of
force.
However gentle Adam is,
"thy gentle hand / seiz'd
mine," he's still seized Eve,
and Milton's,
I think, remarkably
honest.So this is why I'm
always pushing you to agree with
me,
[laughs]
or compelling you to agree with
me, that Milton deserves a
little bit of credit here.
Milton's amazingly honest in
his account of Eve's first
exercise of her free will,
and I think we can think of
this as her first free act.
Of course, it is an unduly
circumscribed act of freedom.
Milton's poetry in a lot of
ways is constantly questioning
the legitimacy of a doctrine of
free will in a world that has
been arranged and conjugated
like the one that Eden has been.
It's along a principle of
hierarchy.So Book Four had
explored in extraordinary detail
the complexities of hierarchy
and freedom with respect to the
relation between the sexes.
Book Five is also interested in
this uneasy but important
relation between hierarchy and
freedom.
It's almost as if Book Four
hadn't sufficiently put to rest
the logical problem that on some
level is constantly eating away
at the center of the poem.
Book Five takes up this problem
once again, but it takes it up
-- as we, of course,
should have been led to expect
-- from an entirely different
perspective.So,
as I just said,
in Book Four the hierarchical
principle of superiority and of
excellence was the superiority
of man to woman.
In Book Five,
the central hierarchical access
is a little different,
or a lot different.
It involves the superiority of
angels over human beings,
and this new hierarchical
opposition -- it's performing a
lot of work.
One of the things that it's
certainly doing is forcing us to
rethink the hierarchical
opposition that Milton had
established in Book Four,
and that's because hierarchy is
no longer gendered in Book Five.
Milton's not concerned here
with sex.
He's concerned rather with
degrees of materiality among all
of God's creatures.
Angels are less material,
less corporeally burdened
creatures than Adam and Eve,
and therefore,
within this system they're
superior.
In this larger vision of a kind
of cosmic principle of hierarchy
in which lighter,
more ethereal things are
superior to heavier,
denser, grosser material
things,
we can see a way in which the
gender distinction simply drops
out of the equation,
because Milton gives us no
reason to think that Adam and
Eve are anything but equal in
the degrees of their
corporeality.
Sexual inequality simply seems
insignificant here from this new
perspective in Book Five.So
Raphael descends into Eden --
the Archangel Raphael -- in Book
Five in order to warn Adam and
Eve not to eat the forbidden
fruit.
In doing so,
he provides an elaborate
account of -- and I've already
discussed this,
but I have to discuss it again
because for me it's so
outrageous and so daring and
such an absolutely lovable
religious heterodoxy,
maybe it's even a heresy -- the
heterodoxy of monism.
I'll remind you briefly of what
monism is.
It's the philosophy whereby
there can be no such thing as a
firm and absolute distinction
between body and spirit.
The world can't be divided into
soul and matter as it could be
divided with absolute clarity
for Milton's contemporary,
Descartes.
The entire cosmos for Milton is
made of one huge blob of matter,
and this matter is nothing
other, ultimately,
than the body of God.
This is what Raphael explains
to Adam at line 469 of Book
Five.
This is page 313 in the Hughes
edition.
So this is Raphael to Adam:
O Adam,
one Almighty is [that's God],
from whom
All things proceed,
and up to him return,
If not deprav'd from good,
created all
Such to perfection,
one first matter all,
Indu'd with various forms,
various degrees
Of substance,
and in things that live,
of life.
"One first matter all," all
things derived from the "one
first matter" which is,
of course, God:
this is the ex deo
theory of creation (creatio
ex deo),
as opposed to the orthodox
theory of creation,
which is creatio ex
nihilo -- the notion that
God created the universe out of
nothing.
Milton has God creating the
universe out of God himself,
from the body of God.
In this ex deo creation
scenario, there's no qualitative
difference between the substance
comprising men and the substance
comprising angels.
The difference is simply one of
degree.
This has been brilliantly
argued by the critic William
Kerrigan.
It's a difference of degree
rather than a difference of
kind: angels are simply lighter.
The corporeal substance that
makes up their bodies is more
attenuated, it's more rarefied,
than that in human beings.
We are all more condensed,
we are "grosser" creatures,
to use one of Milton's favorite
words here.
Our grosser bodies are more
compacted, they're of a denser
consistency than the light and
airy bodies of heavenly
angels.Except for this
differentiation by the degree of
substantiality,
human beings and angels are
qualitatively identical.
We're made of the same stuff,
it's just a matter of how
closely packed the stuff is.
Milton even treats us to a
scene of Adam and Eve -- because
it's thinkable in such a
monistic universe,
although it's wild -- of Adam
and Eve actually eating with the
Archangel Raphael.
I think this must have blown
Milton's contemporaries away,
because from any orthodox
perspective this attribution of
what Milton would call a "gross"
activity like eating to one of
God's heavenly minions,
one of the angels,
would have to be seen as -- if
it's not blasphemous,
it's certainly indecorous.
But this is,
of course, a poem that's
centered around an illicit act
of eating;
and so Milton will turn the
entire activity of eating into
the premise of an entire
philosophy of the relation of
human creatures to their
God.In that "all" of God,
all of God's creatures need to
eat.
Angels and men can be seen to
be equals.
This is essentially Raphael's
logic.
Look at line 411 of Book Five.
Raphael tells Adam,
this is page 312,
that angels are a lot like
human beings:
"they hear,
see, smell, touch,
taste, / tasting concoct,
digest, assimilate."
We're soon to learn that angels
also have sex because,
as we know, spirits "can either
sex assume," or both.
But we're about to find out
here something,
I think, that's a little more
shocking even than the fact of
angelic eroticism:
angels have digestive tracts in
Milton's heaven,
and like human beings they have
within their bodies some kind of
mechanism for the elimination of
ingested substances -- the
elimination of substances that
cannot be assimilated into the
body.
Milton's angels actually
excrete.
This is a remarkable feat of
literary daring,
to be sure, but it's also a
magnificent feat of the human
imagination on Milton's part.
This is what the narrator seems
to be referring to when he
discusses Raphael's hunger.
This is line 437:
"what redounds,
transpires / through Spirits
with ease…"
It's so easy to miss:
"what redounds,
transpires / through Spirits
with ease…"
What stays, what can't be
assimilated into the body,
gets expelled easily.Milton
is so eager here -- now,
we have to ask ourselves,
why is Milton doing this?
He's so eager,
I'm convinced,
to demonstrate the essential
metaphysical equivalence of
human beings and angels that he
is quite prepared to ask us to
imagine the unimaginable.
Angels are exceedingly regular,
Milton is telling us.
"What redounds," that food
which remains in excess in the
angel's body,
"transpires / through Spirits
with ease."
Of course, as we know,
Milton was acutely interested
in his own gastrointestinal
tract,
having blamed his blindness on
a digestive problem.But
there's a lot more here than
merely a personal interest.
Eating is so central to this
poem that it's actually
something like a digestive
process of assimilation and
excretion that would have
enabled the unfallen Adam and
Eve to become angels eventually
themselves.
Turn to line 493.
This is page 313.
It was to be Adam and Eve's
good fortune to watch their own
gross corporeal bodies slowly,
gradually shed their dense
matter as they assumed the airy
lightness of angels.
How will they attain this
extraordinary achievement,
this wafting up to heaven?
They'll do it by eating.
Look at line 493.
Raphael's explaining that as
things are now,
in a pinch angels are capable
of a nutritional kind of
condescension.
They can eat the same food that
human beings eat when they don't
have a choice.
Right now, Adam and Eve
probably couldn't survive on
angelic nectar if that is all
they had to live on,
probably, but Raphael adds:
[T]ime may come when men
With Angels may participate,
and find
No inconvenient Diet,
nor too light Fare:
And from these corporal
nutriments perhaps
Your bodies may at last turn
all to spirit,
Improv'd by tract of time,
and wing'd ascend
Ethereal, as wee,
or may at choice
Here or in Heav'nly Paradises
dwell;
[and this is obviously the
kicker:]
If ye be found obedient.
Milton is going out of his way
to provide Adam and Eve with a
motive for remaining obedient.
By a simple process of eating
-- virtuous eating,
virtuous digestion,
and the consequent activity of
the virtuous subliming,
that's Milton's term,
of gross matter into spirit --
Adam and Eve will eventually,
gradually begin to ascend to
the winged state of angelhood.
They will metabolize themselves
into angels.
It's one of the most extreme
visions and one of the most
beautiful visions,
[laughs]
however cockamamie,
of human progress ever
depicted, I think.Raphael's
account of the superiority of
spiritual matter over gross
matter is without question
another one of the poem's
hierarchical visions,
but the amazing process of what
we could think of as what would
have been the angelization of
men and women does something
really quite alarming,
I think, to the principle of
hierarchy as it's been presented
so far.
The metaphysical hierarchy of
the degree of material density,
which is the concern of Book
Five, isn't fixed.
It's not static in Milton's
universe.
This is a mobile society that
Raphael is imagining.
The hierarchy here is flexible.
It's much more flexible than
the gendered hierarchy was among
human beings in Book Four.
If Adam and Eve manage not to
fall, they will arrive,
we have to assume,
equally at a state of angelic
perfection in a state in which
gender differences simply don't
obtain because angels,
as we know, "can either sex
assume," or both.There were
a few other radical thinkers in
the seventeenth century who
embraced a monistic vision of
the universe like Milton's.
Almost invariably,
this monism had a kind of
leftist, progressive,
and in some cases actually a
communist energy to it.
I've written the name of one of
Milton's contemporaries,
Gerrard Winstanley,
who was maybe not England's
first communist but England's
first important communist,
writing fifteen or so years
before Paradise Lost.
The bodies of all men and
women are for Winstanley -- as
later for Milton -- are equally
infused with heavenly spirit and
heavenly soul.
For Winstanley -- Milton
wouldn't permit himself to go
quite this far -- this
physiological equality seemed to
guarantee their political
equality.
In adopting this doctrine of
monism that had been developed
or worked out by much more
radical thinkers like Gerrard
Winstanley,
Milton is really on some level
consciously adopting a
philosophy of body and spirit
that works to undo,
and maybe it works to
undermine, that patriarchal
insistence on Adam's superiority
over Eve.
On some level,
some of the philosophy in Book
Five, I think,
is working at some subterranean
stage to undermine or dismantle
the Edenic,
the paradisal,
hierarchy.So Adam and Eve
before the Fall are given the
opportunity to reach their
heavenly destinations on their
own.
Now just think how radical that
is when you compare it to any
mainstream notion of the way
Christianity works.
Adam and Eve,
had they never fallen,
had they never sinned,
would never have needed to rely
on a God or a Messiah to
intervene -- an external
redeemer to move in and save
them,
or even to reward them,
for their virtue.
Their virtuous behavior would
have been itself a reward.
We can think of them as having
been in a position almost to
save themselves,
and Milton is arriving at this
-- it's a wild and really daring
alternative to the orthodox
Christian vision of redemption
and salvation.I think it's
this orthodox notion of
Christianity that Milton always
felt so uncomfortable with.
Were it not for the Fall,
there would have been no need
for the heavenly Father to
sacrifice the Son in order to
save fallen humanity.
Human beings would [laughs]
just waft up to the pearly
gates like helium balloons,
lighter even than air,
and with no need for an
external redeemer.
In some ways Milton is flirting
with something -- and I think
the young adult book writer,
Philip Pullman,
absolutely has put his finger
on something important in
Milton,
and he's a great leader and fan
of Milton's -- is flirting with
something that we would
recognize as science fiction.
It's a secular image of
salvation certainly,
but it's a proto-scientific
image of salvation.
Unfallen salvation is something
like a scientific process.
It's the logical and inevitable
result of just a particular type
of virtuous,
natural behavior.Milton
arrives at a theology that does
something that a theology is
never supposed to do:
it's a radical theology of
bodily transformation that
essentially does away with God
or does away with God as we know
him.
Who needs God?
Adam and Eve will continue to
eat.
They'll eat virtuously.
They'll be good people.
They'll become angels,
and eventually they will be
subsumed into that universal
ball of spiritual matter at that
later point when God becomes
"All in All."
That's that distant point in
time where there will simply be
no ontological difference
between man and woman,
between angel and man,
or between us and
God.Raphael's philosophy of
monism offers a truly radical
vision of an exaltation -- this
prelapsarian notion of an
exaltation of Adam and Eve up to
heaven.
They could have exalted
themselves, and presumably we
all could have exalted ourselves
simply by being good,
by doing it ourselves,
but this daring vision of a
radical self-determination
couldn't possibly be more
violently opposed to the version
of exaltation that Raphael
explains to Adam and Eve
elsewhere in Book Five.
This scene I know you remember,
because it's so upsetting and
so unforgettable:
on Adam's prompting,
Raphael goes on to describe the
exaltation, the anointing,
of the Son of God.
It's an event that comes as
close to anything as explaining
the very first mystery of the
poem,
or the central mystery of the
poem -- that being the cause,
the origin, of Satan's fall.
You can refer here to your
handy little chronology,
written by Alastair Fowler,
of events in Paradise Lost.
The origin of Satan's fall
is without question one of the
most crucial problems that we
have when we confront this poem.
On some level,
God's ways can't be justified
until the origin of man's Fall
can be explained or understood,
and man's Fall can't be
understood or explained or
justified until Satan's fall is
explained.
To account for Satan's
fall, Milton relies -- he makes
all this up and it's
magnificent.
He's relying here on the text
of the second Psalm,
a chapter of the Bible that he
had himself translated into
English in 1653.
Now the second Psalm imagines
the Messiah speaking.
This is that verse:
"[T]he Lord to me hath said,
Thou art my Son;
I have begotten thee this day."
No one has ever known what to
do with that passage from the
second Psalm.
The idea that the Messiah could
actually remember the day that
God had begotten him had for
centuries and millennia provided
biblical commentators with a
paradox that really bordered on
the absurd.
What could God have meant when
he said, "I have begotten thee
this day"?Milton worries and
worries this problem of this
begetting.
He does this throughout
Paradise Lost and he does
it in a number of ways.
He transforms this mysterious
declaration that he has lifted
from the second Psalm into --
he's turned it into what is
essentially the originary event
of the entire poem.
As you can see from the
chronology of the poem that
Fowler gives us,
the exaltation of Milton's Son
of God (and Fowler unfortunately
calls him Christ) doesn't really
function as a Christ.
Milton would never in a million
years, certainly,
in Paradise Lost call
this fellow Christ.
He doesn't call him Jesus
either because the Son of God
isn't Jesus yet.
He's preexistent but he's not a
Christ, I think,
in part because Milton doesn't
want us to confuse or to
construe this Son of God with
anything that we've learned from
any of our Sunday school classes
or any exposure to traditional,
orthodox, mainstream Christian
Protestant or Catholic
thinking.This is the event
-- you'll remember how important
first events are in Paradise
Lost -- this is the event
that seems to have happened
first.
What occurred in heaven before
this moment, the poem gives us
no definitive clue of,
although Satan knows there is
something important that
happened before this moment,
and he makes an important
conjecture about it prior to
this.
(We don't have time to look at
this today, but you may want to
study for yourself Satan's own
theory of a first Creation,
and that's the creation of the
angels.) So God the Father
assembles all of the angels.
This is page 316 in the
Hughes, Book Five,
line 600.
God delivers at line 600 a
pronouncement that is by any
standards absolutely shocking.
Satan, like the other angels,
was a son of God but,
unlike the other Son of God --
or the other sons of God --
Satan had been one of the first
archangels in heaven.
The narrator suggests (this is
coming from the narrator) that
Satan may have been the first
archangel in heaven,
first both in God's favor and
also in his general preeminence
over the other angels because
God liked him most,
liked him best,
and also because he was simply
better than all of the other
angels;
and Milton continues his
meditation on the multiple
meanings here of "first."Now
I'm going to read this passage
to you,
and you tell me if you think
Satan might have just a teensy
bit of a reason to be miffed at
God's exaltation of another one
of his sons,
or what we have to assume is
another one of his sons.
This is God at line 600:
Hear all ye Angels,
Progeny of Light,
Thrones, Dominations,
Princedoms, Vertues,
Powers,
Hear my Decree,
which unrevok't shall stand.
This day I have begot whom I
declare
My only Son,
and on this holy Hill
Him have anointed,
whom ye now behold
At my right hand;
your Head I him appoint;
And by my Self have sworn to
him shall bow
All knees in Heav'n,
and shall confess him
Lord:Under his great
Vice-gerent Reign abide
United as one individual Soul
For ever happy.
What's the tone of voice?
I'm [laughs]
going to interrupt myself for a
moment.
How are we [laughs]
to imagine God pronouncing that
word "happy" after what he's
just told us?
Under his great
Vice-gerent Reign abide
United as one individual Soule
For ever happy: him who disobeys
Mee disobeyes,
breaks union,
and that day
Cast out from God and blessed
vision, falls
Into utter darkness.
This, of course,
is a vision of an exaltation
almost diametrically opposed to
the exaltation of the unfallen
Adam and Eve,
their wafting up.
The Son of God,
the Messiah,
doesn't seem to have exalted
himself.
Along what has already been
established is the recognizable
pattern of a kind of natural,
physiological ascent,
and you can imagine Milton
could have pulled that off
because he could pull off
anything.
It's possible to imagine a
scenario whereby the Son had on
some level eaten his way into
God's favor and achieved the
status of Messiah through an
Adam and Eve-like virtuous
metabolism,
floating up to the very top of
God's throne before any of the
other angels.
That's how damn good he was,
but that's not the story that
we get.
According to the narrative we
have, God the Father seems quite
simply to have decided
arbitrarily to appoint one of
the angels over all of the
others.
Why has he done this?
God does mention something
about the Son's merit.
Well, he will mention something
about the Son's merit later in
another scene of exaltation,
but it's one that's already
been narrated and that's the
scene that we've already read in
Book Three.As for this
moment right now,
the motives for this
declaration seem perfectly
inexplicable and absolutely
inscrutable,
and it also seems clear that
this inscrutability is the point
of the Father's declaration.
As William Empson writes
convincingly and brilliantly,
although mischievously,
in a wonderful book called
Milton's God,
the Father's declaration
sounds like a challenge,
like it's intended to be taken
as a challenge.
By saying, "On this day I have
begot the Messiah," God seems
almost to be suggesting that --
I don't know,
that he's just created this guy
out of whole cloth for this very
occasion, just made him and
raised this nobody to the rank
of favorite.
It's possible that God has just
bequeathed all of his power to
someone who hasn't even been
around, someone who hasn't spent
eternity paying his dues.
What could God have been
thinking?
The Father knows this is an
extraordinary thing to be
declaring, and so he tries to
soften the blow,
I guess, this blow of this show
of favoritism by inviting the
other angels to abide "under his
great Vice-gerent Reign…
/ united as one individual Soul
/ for ever happy."
By "individual" the Father
means "indivisible here."
I'm convinced that the word
"individual," which only appears
twice in Paradise Lost,
is one of the poem's most
important words;
but it has its original
meaning, its etymological
meaning, which simply means
"can't be divided."On some
level,
the Father seems to be making a
stab at Milton's own monistic
vision of egalitarianism.
The angels will all be united
as one individual soul,
but the Father will only invoke
this harmonious,
indivisible union -- when?
After he's placed the Son of
God at the head of the other
angels.
We're left to wonder just how
we're supposed to reconcile this
image of an indivisible
egalitarianism with the
competing image of an
unyielding,
rigorously enforced angelic
hierarchy.
You can recognize in this scene
the opposition of
irreconcilables that we've
already encountered,
the ones that had characterized
the power relations in Milton's
Eden.
Milton charges this scene in
heaven with its power,
I think, by juxtaposing just
those two forces that he was
continually attempting to unite
in Book Four.
He yokes together the
principles of freedom and
equality, on the one hand,
and the opposing principle of
hierarchical order,
on the other hand.Think how
the politics in heaven here
parallel the political dynamic
that we've already been exposed
to,
that we've already seen
operative on earth.
In Book Four at that beautiful
originary moment at the pool
side, Eve had -- I think quite
like Satan -- Eve had imagined
herself great in favor and
preeminence.
She's shaken from this
assumption of power and of
absolute self-sufficiency when
she's suddenly told that there's
another creature,
Adam, who has been appointed
her head.
Just as God does with Satan,
Adam tries to soften the blow
[laughs]
of this arbitrary declaration
of hierarchical supremacy by
claiming to be united
indivisibly to Eve,
so Adam declares to Eve -- he
seizes her hand,
she yields, and he declares to
her that he will have her by his
side "henceforth an individual
solace dear..."Milton's
clearly doing something here in
these two scenes with these
noisy protestations of
indivisibility.
He invokes the beautiful notion
of the interconnectedness of all
of God's creatures that's
implicit in this monistic vision
of the first matter,
but he only employs this
beautiful image of a monistic
unity when he's placing an
absolute divide between a
superior creature and an
inferior one,
between a greater and a lesser
being.
On some level,
and it's very troubling,
monistic indivisibility is
always invoked at the most
divisive moments in the poem.
We can think of these as the
crisis moments in Paradise
Lost.
At these critical moments of
the arbitrary subjection of one
party over the other,
whether it's Adam over Eve or
the Son of God over Satan and
the other angels,
you can see the emergence of
another meaning,
the modern meaning of that word
"individual":
"individual" as a noun rather
than "individual" as an
adjective.
Dictionaries and historians of
the English language claim that
the modern meaning of the word
"individual,"
a noun referring to a person
who is self-sufficient,
autonomous, independent,
a being -- that this noun
doesn't appear in England until
later in the seventeenth
century;
but I think that it's precisely
at these crisis moments in
Paradise Lost that Milton
uses the original,
the traditional sense of
"individual," an adjective
meaning "indivisible," only to
begin pushing that word and
forcing it into something like
its modern sense of
"individual,"
the modern, essentially liberal
idea of a human being as an
absolutely isolate,
self-determining,
fundamentally unaffiliated
person.Here at the scene of
the Son's exaltation Milton -- I
don't know.
For a lot of readers,
this is really a repellant
scene.
It's a scene of a tyrannical
and arbitrary ordering of a
society.
Milton does this only to
display a little window,
I think, onto a totally
different kind of society.
You can see in this word
"individual" a glimpse into the
world of what we can think of as
modernity.
Paradise Lost is just on
the cusp of a liberal worldview,
and the poem provides us a
glimpse of the liberal world of
equal individuals,
a world of rational
self-determination and
self-exaltation rather than the
arbitrary subjection of one
class of creatures over another
class.So it's one thing for
Satan to witness this seemingly
arbitrary exaltation of the Son.
This arouses in him,
as you can imagine,
feelings of injustice that,
of course,
famously leave him to coax a
third of all of the other angels
in a rebellion against God.
That was bad enough,
but it's an entirely different
matter, I think,
when Satan learns -- I don't
know if "learns" is the right
verb -- when Satan hears in his
discussion with Abdiel that God
created everything including the
angels themselves by means of
the agency of the Son,
through the Son.
For Satan this is a
mind-blowing revelation,
and it's hard to miss as so
surprising because we take this
as just orthodoxy that any
right-thinking Christian might
accept.
Look at page 322.
This is line 835 of Book Five.
When Abdiel tells Satan,
"Why are you so upset,
Satan?
Of course, he would exalt the
Son.
It was the Son through whom we
were all created" -- this notion
just pushes Satan further than
anything pushes him.
This new revelation pushes him
into making one of the greatest
formulations of the modern -- an
outrageous one,
but it's central to the modern
principle of
individualism.Let me give
you a little background.
Abdiel has traveled with Satan
and the other disloyal angels,
the rebel angels,
to the northern quarter of
heaven;
but Abdiel, like Milton himself
during the English Revolution --
and Abdiel was in some way
Milton's self-portrait -- Abdiel
was willing to distance himself
from the mob sensibility of the
rebels.
He stands up to Satan with the
pious rage, the zeal,
that Milton always fancied
himself capable of.
So Abdiel asks Satan,
and this is at the top of page
322, how he can dare to question
God's justice in exalting the
Son over the other angels.
Abdiel tells Satan it was the
Son, by whom
As by his Word,
the mighty Father made
All things, ev'n thee,
and all the Spirits of Heav'n
By him created in thir bright
degrees…
Abdiel tells Satan that if it
weren't for the Son of God,
Satan would never have been
created.
It's Satan- [laughs]
who certainly seems to be
shocked here,
and it's his response to
Abdiel's claim that is,
I think, one of the most
stunning, one of the most
outrageous moments in
Paradise Lost.
Line 852.
Satan is aghast that we were:
[F]orm'd then sayest thou?
and the work
Of secondary hands,
by task transferr'd
From Father to his Son?
strange point and new!
Doctrine which we would know
whence learnt:
who saw
When this creation was?
remember'st thou
Thy making, while the Maker
gave thee being?
We know no time when we were
not as now;
Know none before us,
self-begot, self-rais'd
By our own quick'ning power,
when fatal course
Had circl'd his full Orb,
the birth mature
Of this our native Heav'n,
Ethereal Sons.
Now, nearly everyone agrees
that -- all Milton critics agree
that this claim for angelic
self-creation is in one way or
the other crucial to our
understanding of the fall of the
rebel angels and Satan's
justification of the rebellion.
This claim of self-creation
obviously prepares Satan for
that pronouncement that he will
make later in hell but which
comes at the beginning of the
poem,
that claim for the absolute
priority of the mind:
the mind is its own place and
can make a heaven of hell,
a hell of heaven.Now Abdiel
surely is right to insist that
not only were the -- we have to
give it to Abdiel that he's on
to something,
that the angels were created
and not only that,
they were created in all
likelihood through the agency of
the Son;
but even though Abdiel's right,
Satan's theory of angelic
origin isn't easily dismissible.
It's not as easily dismissible
as it is by C.S.
Lewis in the little quotation
at the bottom of the handout.
I always try to make a little
plug for the validity of at
least a little of a part of
Satan's claim.
I want to do this because on
some level, I think Satan's
outrageous argument here is one
of the greatest things that
anybody gets to say in
Paradise Lost,
because if we're going
to understand the origin of
Satan's fall,
we have to understand something
about the origin of Satan
himself.You have the
chronology on the handout.
It's right to place the
exaltation of the Son as the
first event officially described
in Paradise Lost,
but there's of course
an event that happened before
that which Milton's narrative
very carefully never describes,
and that's the creation of the
angels.
So we get Satan's theory of the
creation of the angels and
Abdiel, as we would expect,
takes great offense,
but it's important -- and
Abdiel's right and Satan's wrong
-- but it's important to
determine exactly what is wrong
about Satan's theology here and
how it would counter Milton's.
Satan's obviously wrong to
ascribe the creation of the
angels to something like a
random occurrence of fate when
Satan says,
"when fatal course / had
circl'd his full Orb."
Milton's explained a number of
times in the poem that there's
no such thing as a power called
"fate,"
so that's easily
dismissible.But it's not
absolutely clear to me that
Satan is wrong to claim that the
angels are "self-rais'd / by
their own quick'ning power."
I think on some level this has
to be seen as true,
at least according to what we
know of the dynamic processes in
Milton's account of the monistic
Creation.
God has impregnated matter with
spirit, and after this initial
act of impregnation he seems
able to allow this spiritualized
matter pretty much to organize
itself on its own into all these
beautiful and varied forms of
creation.
If we're not completely shocked
to hear Satan's claim for having
raised himself by his own
quickening power,
at least upon a rereading of
Paradise Lost that might
be because it looks an awful lot
like the theory of creation that
we get in Book Seven.
It also sounds like a moment in
Book Three that we've already
encountered: when the angel
Uriel -- the angel that Milton
credits for having the best
eyesight in heaven,
rather remarkably -- when Uriel
gives us his eyewitness account
of the Creation,
it sounds a little bit like
Satan's.Satan's argument
that the angels are self-raised
has something,
I think, like a foundation even
in Book Five itself.
It begins to resemble that
condition of absolute
self-determination that Raphael
had promised to Adam and Eve if
they remained obedient.
If Adam and Eve will only
remain sinless,
they'll be able to raise
themselves to that ethereal
state of angelic status.
This is a world in which
individuals -- rational,
self-determining individuals --
determine their own status
rather than accept one that has
been arbitrarily imposed upon
them.
This is an egalitarian world
that Milton is introducing us
to, and I think that in moments
such as these,
we see Milton laboring to
arrive at a theory of matter and
a theory of creation that can
support something like a
poetics;
a poetics but also a
philosophy, a political
philosophy of egalitarianism.
To claim that matter can move
itself to organize itself into
stars and into angels,
which is what Uriel will claim
happens, is essentially to lay
the philosophical foundation for
a political philosophy that's
not authoritarian by any
stretch.
It's not even hierarchical:
it's egalitarian.
This is a physics,
a theological physics that can
bolster the claims of a
politics.
It's a philosophy that can
imagine human beings as being
equally capable of organizing
themselves and creating their
own sense of order without the
meddlesome intervention of an
arbitrary God.Now,
many of my colleagues in the
Milton community dismiss the
possibility that there could be
anything even remotely like
something valid in Satan's
wonderful rejoinder to Abdiel.
They nearly always overlook the
Creation account that we get
from Uriel in Book Three,
which I think supports on some
level part of Satan's claim.
They're also eager to dismiss
Eve's feelings of injustice at
her inferior status.
They dismiss it as just another
one of Milton's unquestioning
acts of misogyny -- but I don't
think it's unquestioning at all.
All three of these examples for
me demonstrate Milton's
willingness to question nearly
every form of religious and
social and political orthodoxy.
Milton is continually putting
the official doctrines of even
his own poem on trial.
He's continually pitting the
narrator's own celebration of
hierarchy -- Milton's own
celebration of hierarchy --
against a more subversive and a
more questioning philosophy of
egalitarianism.Milton's
narrator -- and Milton is with
him to some extent -- comes down
most firmly on the side of a
divinely established hierarchy,
but this exquisitely textured,
richly textured poem can be
distinguished,
and in fact I think it has to
be distinguished,
from the views of the narrator.
On some incredibly important
level that's not on the level of
what the narrator tells us,
the poem is itself insistently
egalitarian, and I mean that in
a special sense:
it's egalitarian in the sense
that it's a poem rather than a
dogmatic treatise or a work of
political philosophy.
As a poem, Paradise Lost
places all of its divergent
theories and all of its
competing ideologies and visions
of the way the world works --
places them all side by side on
something like a level playing
field,
the playing field of the poetic
line.
The poem connects these
competing ideas with nothing
more leading than that most
liberal of all conjunctions,
or.
This poem makes the reader the
equal of the poet because either
this is the case or that is the
case,
and Milton is always telling us
to decide ourselves.
The poem lays down -- and I'll
conclude here -- a range of
ideological possibilities,
and it does that from its
opening line to its closing
line;
and then it permits the reader,
or maybe I should say it forces
the reader, to choose among
these possibilities.Okay.
We're on a roll,
this is our big week:
Books Seven and Eight for next
time.
| {
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>>> IT WAS JUST A WEEK AGO
>>> IT WAS JUST A WEEK AGO PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP WAS
PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP WAS BRAGGING ABOUT EFFORTS TO
BRAGGING ABOUT EFFORTS TO INCREASE OIL PRICES BY WORKING
INCREASE OIL PRICES BY WORKING ON A DEAL BETWEEN HIS GOOD
ON A DEAL BETWEEN HIS GOOD BUDDIES THE STRONG MAN THAT’S
BUDDIES THE STRONG MAN THAT’S AHEAD OF RUSSIA AND SAUDI
AHEAD OF RUSSIA AND SAUDI ARABIA.
ARABIA. THEY PRAISED THE PRESIDENT FOR
THEY PRAISED THE PRESIDENT FOR SAVING SHALE PRODUCERS.
SAVING SHALE PRODUCERS. THAT WAS A WEEK AGO.
THAT WAS A WEEK AGO. TODAY IT PLUNGED INTO NEGATIVE
TODAY IT PLUNGED INTO NEGATIVE TERRITORY.
TERRITORY. THE PRICE IS NEGATIVE $37 A
THE PRICE IS NEGATIVE $37 A BARREL DOWN 305% MEANING PEOPLE
BARREL DOWN 305% MEANING PEOPLE WOULD PAY YOU TODAY TO TAKE
WOULD PAY YOU TODAY TO TAKE THEIR OIL OFF THEIR HANDS.
THEIR OIL OFF THEIR HANDS. IT IS ACTUALLY THE FIRST TIME IN
IT IS ACTUALLY THE FIRST TIME IN THE OIL MARKET THIS HAPPENED.
THE OIL MARKET THIS HAPPENED. WHAT EXACTLY DOES IT MEAN?
WHAT EXACTLY DOES IT MEAN? WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
WHY DID IT HAPPEN? HAPPEN
HAPPEN WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? WE GO TO STAN DICKER, THE
WE GO TO STAN DICKER, THE FOUNDER AND HOST OF THE ENERGY
FOUNDER AND HOST OF THE ENERGY WORD AMONG OTHER THINGS AND DAN,
WORD AMONG OTHER THINGS AND DAN, I HAD ONE OF MY LIFELONG
I HAD ONE OF MY LIFELONG BUDDIES, SAID I GOT TO HEAR FROM
BUDDIES, SAID I GOT TO HEAR FROM DAN ABOUT THE NEGATIVE OIL
DAN ABOUT THE NEGATIVE OIL PRICES.
PRICES. HERE YOU ARE.
HERE YOU ARE. WHY DID OIL GO NEGATIVE TODAY?
WHY DID OIL GO NEGATIVE TODAY? WHAT HAPPENED?
WHAT HAPPENED? >> WELL, BASICALLY WHAT YOU HAVE
>> WELL, BASICALLY WHAT YOU HAVE IS YOU HAD THE CORONAVIRUS WHICH
IS YOU HAD THE CORONAVIRUS WHICH KILLED DEMAND.
KILLED DEMAND. ONE OF THIRD OF DEMAND HAD COME
ONE OF THIRD OF DEMAND HAD COME OUT OF THE GLOBAL MARKET BUT A
OUT OF THE GLOBAL MARKET BUT A THIRD OF SUPPLY HASN’T COME OUT
THIRD OF SUPPLY HASN’T COME OUT OF THE GLOBAL MARKET DESPITE THE
OF THE GLOBAL MARKET DESPITE THE GREAT DEAL PRESIDENT TRUMP
GREAT DEAL PRESIDENT TRUMP MANAGED TO PUT TOGETHER FOR 10
MANAGED TO PUT TOGETHER FOR 10 MILLION BARRELS.
MILLION BARRELS. 30 MILLION BARRELS OF OIL IS THE
30 MILLION BARRELS OF OIL IS THE SURPLUS THAT WE HAVE RIGHT NOW,
SURPLUS THAT WE HAVE RIGHT NOW, BUT 10 MILLION BARRELS IS WHAT
BUT 10 MILLION BARRELS IS WHAT IS CUT.
IS CUT. SO THERE IS 20 EXTRA MILLION
SO THERE IS 20 EXTRA MILLION BARRELS SLOSHING AROUND WITH NO
BARRELS SLOSHING AROUND WITH NO PLACE TO GO.
PLACE TO GO. THE STORAGE IS FILLED UP.
THE STORAGE IS FILLED UP. WHEN THE STORAGE IS FILLED UP,
WHEN THE STORAGE IS FILLED UP, THERE IS NOBODY WHO WANTS THE
THERE IS NOBODY WHO WANTS THE OIL.
OIL. YOU HAVE TO PAY PEOPLE TO TAKE
YOU HAVE TO PAY PEOPLE TO TAKE IT AWAY AND THAT’S WHAT YOU SAW
IT AWAY AND THAT’S WHAT YOU SAW TODAY IN THE SPOT MARKETS IN
TODAY IN THE SPOT MARKETS IN CRUDE.
CRUDE. >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. SO I READ THAT LIKE THESE ARE
SO I READ THAT LIKE THESE ARE FUTURES CONTRACTS THAT CLOSE ON
FUTURES CONTRACTS THAT CLOSE ON MAY AND WHEN THE CONTRACT
MAY AND WHEN THE CONTRACT CLOSES, LIKE YOU GOT TO DELIVER
CLOSES, LIKE YOU GOT TO DELIVER THE OIL TO A SPECIFIC PLACE,
THE OIL TO A SPECIFIC PLACE, THIS IS WEST TEXAS CRUDE.
THIS IS WEST TEXAS CRUDE. SO IT’S GOT TO GO TO OKLAHOMA SO
SO IT’S GOT TO GO TO OKLAHOMA SO THERE IS ACTUALLY A BOTTLENECK.
THERE IS ACTUALLY A BOTTLENECK. YOU DON’T -- THERE IS NOT THE
YOU DON’T -- THERE IS NOT THE SPACE TO OFF LOAD ALL THIS OIL.
SPACE TO OFF LOAD ALL THIS OIL. >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. THE FUTURES MARKET AS YOU KNOW
THE FUTURES MARKET AS YOU KNOW IS A FINANCIAL SYSTEM SO MONEY
IS A FINANCIAL SYSTEM SO MONEY CHANGES HANDS BUT WHEN WE GET TO
CHANGES HANDS BUT WHEN WE GET TO THE END OF TIME WHEN THE
THE END OF TIME WHEN THE CONTRACT IS ACTUALLY DUE, WE
CONTRACT IS ACTUALLY DUE, WE HAVE TO TURN THIS INTO REAL
HAVE TO TURN THIS INTO REAL PHYSICAL OIL AND THAT CHANGES
PHYSICAL OIL AND THAT CHANGES THE GAME ENTIRELY AND YOU NEED
THE GAME ENTIRELY AND YOU NEED TO HAVE PEOPLE WHO ACTUALLY TAKE
TO HAVE PEOPLE WHO ACTUALLY TAKE IT OR GOING TO DELIVER IT.
IT OR GOING TO DELIVER IT. RIGHT NOW, NOBODY WILL TAKE IT.
RIGHT NOW, NOBODY WILL TAKE IT. >> SO WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
>> SO WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? ARE THE REVERBERATIONS?
ARE THE REVERBERATIONS? I HEARD OKAY, THIS IS JUST THE
I HEARD OKAY, THIS IS JUST THE END OF MAY CONTRACTS ARE LOOKS
END OF MAY CONTRACTS ARE LOOKS DICEY BUT FUTURE CONTRACTS AFTER
DICEY BUT FUTURE CONTRACTS AFTER THAT, IT WILL COME BACK UP BUT
THAT, IT WILL COME BACK UP BUT OIL WILL BE CRUSHED FOR THE
OIL WILL BE CRUSHED FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE, RIGHT?
FORESEEABLE FUTURE, RIGHT? WHAT DOES THAT MEAN MORE
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN MORE GENERALLY?
GENERALLY? >> YEAH, I KIND OF LOOK AT OIL
>> YEAH, I KIND OF LOOK AT OIL AS A CANARY IN THE COAL MINE AND
AS A CANARY IN THE COAL MINE AND THINKING PEOPLE ARE BEING
THINKING PEOPLE ARE BEING ENTIRELY TOO OPTIMISTIC WHAT
ENTIRELY TOO OPTIMISTIC WHAT COVID-19 IS GOING TO DO TO THE
COVID-19 IS GOING TO DO TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY IN THE LONG TERM,
GLOBAL ECONOMY IN THE LONG TERM, NOT SHORT TERM.
NOT SHORT TERM. YOU CAN PROTEST ALL YOU WANT AND
YOU CAN PROTEST ALL YOU WANT AND SAY TO LIBERATE MINNESOTA, BUT
SAY TO LIBERATE MINNESOTA, BUT THE TRUTH IS NO MATTER WHAT YOU
THE TRUTH IS NO MATTER WHAT YOU TRY TO DO TO RESTART THE
TRY TO DO TO RESTART THE ECONOMY, NOBODY IS GOING TO A
ECONOMY, NOBODY IS GOING TO A RESTAURANT AS MUCH AS GOING TO
RESTAURANT AS MUCH AS GOING TO SEE A BASEBALL GAME OR A CONCERT
SEE A BASEBALL GAME OR A CONCERT OR A HUNDRED OTHER THINGS THAT
OR A HUNDRED OTHER THINGS THAT WOULD INDICATE A NORMAL GLOBAL
WOULD INDICATE A NORMAL GLOBAL ECONOMY GOING FORWARD.
ECONOMY GOING FORWARD. SO OIL MAY BE THE CANARY IN A
SO OIL MAY BE THE CANARY IN A COAL MINE.
COAL MINE. THERE MAY BE REPERCUSSIONS
THERE MAY BE REPERCUSSIONS THROUGH PLACES WE HAVEN’T EVEN
THROUGH PLACES WE HAVEN’T EVEN SEEN YET THAT WILL KEEP THE
SEEN YET THAT WILL KEEP THE ECONOMIES CRATERED, NOT JUST
ECONOMIES CRATERED, NOT JUST OIL.
OIL. FOR A LONG, LONG TIME UNTIL WE
FOR A LONG, LONG TIME UNTIL WE HAVE, YOU KNOW, A VACCINE AND
HAVE, YOU KNOW, A VACCINE AND THAT COULD BE A YEAR, A YEAR AND
THAT COULD BE A YEAR, A YEAR AND A HALF AWAY.
A HALF AWAY. I THINK THAT WHAT THIS IS
I THINK THAT WHAT THIS IS TELLING ME IS WE’RE FAR TOO
TELLING ME IS WE’RE FAR TOO OPTIMISTIC HOW THIS WILL PLAY
OPTIMISTIC HOW THIS WILL PLAY OUT ECONOMICALLY.
OUT ECONOMICALLY. I THINK OIL IS TELLING YOU A
I THINK OIL IS TELLING YOU A STORY HOW BAD THINGS ARE GOING
STORY HOW BAD THINGS ARE GOING TO GET GOING FORWARD.
TO GET GOING FORWARD. >> SO YOU THINK THE OIL MARKET
>> SO YOU THINK THE OIL MARKET MIGHT BE CORRECTLY PRICING IN
MIGHT BE CORRECTLY PRICING IN THE LEVEL OF FUTURE ECONOMIC
THE LEVEL OF FUTURE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY RIGHT NOW?
ACTIVITY RIGHT NOW? THE SIGNAL THERE IS A SIGNAL
THE SIGNAL THERE IS A SIGNAL HERE THAT’S OTHER THAN MARKET
HERE THAT’S OTHER THAN MARKET PANIC, WHICH AGAIN, SOMETIMES
PANIC, WHICH AGAIN, SOMETIMES MARKETS PANIC AND DON’T
MARKETS PANIC AND DON’T NECESSARILY SEND YOU SOME
NECESSARILY SEND YOU SOME INTELLIGENCE SIGNAL ABOUT THE
INTELLIGENCE SIGNAL ABOUT THE FUTURE BUT TO THE EXTENT WILL IS
FUTURE BUT TO THE EXTENT WILL IS AN INTELLIGENCE SIGNAL ABOUT THE
AN INTELLIGENCE SIGNAL ABOUT THE FUTURE, A FORWARD PREDICTIVE
FUTURE, A FORWARD PREDICTIVE PRICE HAPPENING HERE, IT’S THIS
PRICE HAPPENING HERE, IT’S THIS MARKET SAYING THIS IS GOING TO
MARKET SAYING THIS IS GOING TO BE A WHILE.
BE A WHILE. DEMAND IS GOING TO BE DOWN FOR
DEMAND IS GOING TO BE DOWN FOR AWHILE?
AWHILE? >> IT DID IT IN 2007.
>> IT DID IT IN 2007. OIL STARTED CRASHING WELL BEFORE
OIL STARTED CRASHING WELL BEFORE THE FINANCIAL CRISIS HIT IN
THE FINANCIAL CRISIS HIT IN 2008.
2008. I MEAN, IT HAS BEEN A KNOWN TO
I MEAN, IT HAS BEEN A KNOWN TO BE AN INDICATOR.
BE AN INDICATOR. THINK ABOUT AUTOMOBILES FOR
THINK ABOUT AUTOMOBILES FOR EXAMPLE, CHRIS.
EXAMPLE, CHRIS. IF YOU HAVE 20% UNEMPLOYMENT
IF YOU HAVE 20% UNEMPLOYMENT AND, YOU KNOW, AUTOMOBILES, YOU
AND, YOU KNOW, AUTOMOBILES, YOU KNOW, MILLIONS, 15, 20 MILLION
KNOW, MILLIONS, 15, 20 MILLION OF THEM ARE LEASES, HOW MANY OF
OF THEM ARE LEASES, HOW MANY OF THOSE LEASES WILL GET THROWN
THOSE LEASES WILL GET THROWN BACK AT THE BANKS AND WHAT WILL
BACK AT THE BANKS AND WHAT WILL THE BANKS DO WITH THESE CARS AND
THE BANKS DO WITH THESE CARS AND CARS PRICES ARE GOING TO CRATER
CARS PRICES ARE GOING TO CRATER AND NOBODY IS GOING TO BE ABLE
AND NOBODY IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO SELL A CAR.
TO SELL A CAR. NOBODY IN THIS COUNTRY WANTS TO
NOBODY IN THIS COUNTRY WANTS TO BUY A CAR.
BUY A CAR. THERE WILL BE TREMENDOUS
THERE WILL BE TREMENDOUS PRESSURE ON BANKS THAT HAVE ALL
PRESSURE ON BANKS THAT HAVE ALL OF THESE LOANS BASICALLY THEY
OF THESE LOANS BASICALLY THEY ARE GETTING BACK WITH CARS THAT
ARE GETTING BACK WITH CARS THAT HAVE VERY LITTLE VALUE.
HAVE VERY LITTLE VALUE. THEY ARE GOING TO SEE CARS GO
THEY ARE GOING TO SEE CARS GO DOWN THE WAY CRUDE DID CLOSER TO
DOWN THE WAY CRUDE DID CLOSER TO SEE
SEE ZERO.
ZERO. THIS REVERBERATES IN A THOUSAND
THIS REVERBERATES IN A THOUSAND DIFFERENT WAYS WHERE WE COULD
DIFFERENT WAYS WHERE WE COULD CALL ANY COMMODITY BEING A
CALL ANY COMMODITY BEING A VICTIM OF THIS VIRUS AND THE
VICTIM OF THIS VIRUS AND THE CRATERING GOING ON IN THE GLOBAL
CRATERING GOING ON IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.
ECONOMY. SO I JUST DON’T BELIEVE THAT
SO I JUST DON’T BELIEVE THAT WE’VE SEEN ANYWHERE NEAR THE
WE’VE SEEN ANYWHERE NEAR THE WORST OF ALL OF THIS AND I THINK
WORST OF ALL OF THIS AND I THINK OIL IS TELLING THAT STORY RIGHT
OIL IS TELLING THAT STORY RIGHT NOW.
| {
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YOU KNOW I HAVEN'T SEEN YOU
SINCE YOU'VE BECOME AN OSCAR
WINNER, REGINA KING.
>> I KNOW, SOME THINGS HAVE
CHANGED.
>> IS THAT HOW YOU PREFER TO BE
ADDRESSED NOW IN ALL SITUATIONS?
>> NO, I WOULD RATHER BE
ADDRESSED AS THE REGINA SHOW
THAT PREFERS JIMMY'S SHOW OVER
GUILLERMO'S.
>> Jimmy: THAT'S VERY NICE,
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> HE DIDN'T GIVE ME A HAT.
>> Jimmy: IT WOULD HAVE BEEN
TOUGH TO PUT ON WITH THE THING
OVER THERE, YEAH.
CONGRATULATIONS BY THE WAY.
CAN I ASK, THIS IS FEBRUARY YOU
WON THE OSCAR, RIGHT?
WHAT STICKS IN YOUR HEAD THE
MOST FROM THAT NIGHT?
WHEN YOU THINK BACK ON IT?
>> OH, MAN, THERE ARE SO MANY
MOMENTS.
>> Jimmy: IS IT THE SPEECH, IS
IT THE PARTIES?
>> THERE'S SO MANY MOMENTS.
I -- YOU KNOW, YOU ASK ME THAT.
ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS THAT
COME TO MIND, LIKE YOU -- WE
WERE -- WHEN WE'RE LEAVING, WE
WERE IN LIKE THIS CORRIDOR.
I DON'T EVEN KNOW HOW WE GOT
INTO THE CORRIDOR.
BUT I'M WALKING THROUGH THIS
CORRIDOR WITH SPIKE.
AND IT'S JUST ME AND SPIKE.
>> Jimmy: SPIKE LEE.
>> SPIKE LEE.
THAT WOULD BE THAT SPIKE.
AND WE'RE JUST KIND OF WALKING
HAND IN HAND.
OSCARS ON EACH SIDE.
AND JUST LOOKING AT EACH OTHER
LIKE, WHAT THE --
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> Jimmy: YEAH.
>> AND IT WAS -- IT WAS KIND OF
A PRICELESS MOMENT.
ANOTHER MOMENT WAS -- YOU KNOW,
I GET TO THE GOVERNOR'S BALL
WHERE THEY LIKE ENGRAVE YOUR
OSCAR.
AND I HAD TO TAKE OFF MY SHOES.
>> Jimmy: RIGHT.
>> YOU KNOW, THE FEET WERE
HURTING.
I JUST FELT LIKE MY GRANDMOTHER
WAS LOOKING LIKE, NOT JUST
SHOES, DON'T TAKE THE SHOES OFF.
>> Jimmy: SHE WOULD NOT APPROVE
OF TAKING THE SHOES OFF?
>> I WAS LIKE JUST, GRANDMA, WON
AN OSCAR.
>> Jimmy: YOU HAD AN ARGUMENT
WITH YOUR DECEASED GRANDMOTHER.
>> YES, WE DO THAT SOMETIMES.
>> Jimmy: RIGHT, YEAH.
YOU HAVE TO.
WHO WAS IN YOUR OSCAR NIGHT
ENTOURAGE, WHO CAME WITH YOU?
>> I HAD A SMALL ENTOURAGE.
MY SISTER.
MY MOTHER.
MY SON.
>> Jimmy: OH, THAT'S GREAT.
>> SOME OF MY AGENTS.
>> Jimmy: DID YOU STAY OUT LATE
WITH THEM?
>> NOT ALL OF THEM.
>> Jimmy: WHO LEFT EARLY?
>> MY MOM.
WE GOT TO THE "VANITY FAIR"
PARTY.
SHE WAS LIKE, I DON'T KNOW WHY
YOU GUYS THINK THIS IS FUN.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> Jimmy: THAT'S NOT HER THING
AT ALL?
>> YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
>> Jimmy: SHE WENT HOME.
THEN YOU -- AND NOW YOU'VE GOT
IT.
AND NOW THAT YOU'RE AN OSCAR
WINNER HAS YOUR LIFE CHANGED?
I KNOW YOU LIKE TO GO TO COSTCO.
ARE YOU GOING TO COSTCO ANYMORE?
IS THAT NOW --
>> OH, YEAH.
THAT'S NEVER --
>> Jimmy: YOU WILL STILL DO
THAT?
>> OH, ABSOLUTELY, COSTCO, 99
CENT STORE.
>> Jimmy: OH, 99 CENT STORE?
DO YOU REALLY GO TO THE 99 CENT
STORE?
>> LOOK, 99 CENT STORE HAS BRAND
NAME TOOTHBRUSHES FOR A DOLLAR.
>> Jimmy: OH!
[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]
BRAND NAME?
WHY ARE THOSE SAME TOOTHBRUSHES
$3.49 AT CVS?
>> I DON'T KNOW.
LIKE THIS LADY SAW ME, SHE WAS
LIKE, REGINA KING?
WHAT ARE YOU DOING IN THE 99
CENT STORE?
I WAS LIKE, I LIKE A BARGAIN
TOO.
>> Jimmy: YEAH, I MEAN, WHY
WOULD YOU CHEAT YOURSELF OUT OF
THAT?
>> DOLLAR TOOTHBRUSHES.
>> Jimmy: THE 99 CENT STORE.
I IMAGINE YOU MIGHT BE THE ONLY
OSCAR WINNER THAT DOES THAT.
>> MAYBE, OR MAY NOT.
I MEAN, YOU KNOW.
THERE'S 99 CENT STORES
EVERYWHERE.
>> Jimmy: I HEAR YOU WENT TO
ITALY FOR THE FIRST TIME LAST
MONTH.
>> I DID.
>> Jimmy: THAT'S FUN, OR WAS IT?
>> IT WAS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING.
>> I CAN'T BELIEVE YOU'VE NEVER
BEEN THERE BEFORE.
>> I COULDN'T BELIEVE IT EITHER.
>> Jimmy: WHERE DID YOU GO?
>> FLORENCE AND MILAN.
>> Jimmy: NICE, BEAUTIFUL.
YOU HAD A GOOD TIME?
>> I HAD AN AMAZING TIME.
I HAVE TO SAY -- THIS IS MY
IGNORANCE.
I FOR WHATEVER REASON THOUGHT
ALL OF THE ART WAS IN ROME FOR
SOME REASON.
I JUST ASSUMED THAT.
AND THEN MY AGENT WAS LIKE, "THE
LAST SUPPER," IT'S IN MILAN, YOU
SHOULD MAKE SURE YOU CATCH IT
WHEN YOU GET THERE.
>> Jimmy: DID YOU GO?
>> I DID.
BUT I DIDN'T --
>> Jimmy: IT'S WEIRD THE WAY
IT'S SET UP.
>> I DIDN'T REALIZE -- IT IS A
BIG -- YOU KNOW, IF YOU DON'T
LIKE PREPARE --
>> Jimmy: YOU HAVE TO GET A
TICKET.
>> YOU HAVE TO GET A TICKET
EARLY IF YOU JUST WANT TO SEE
"THE LAST SUPPER."
THEY WERE ALL SOLD OUT.
SO I BOUGHT A TOUR JUST SO I
COULD SEE "THE LAST SUPPER."
SO I SHOWED UP AT THE END OF THE
TOUR.
BUT I WAS ALMOST LATE.
AND I WAS THERE WITH ME.
>> Jimmy: YOU ALMOST MISSED
SUPPER AND IT WAS THE LAST ONE.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> I WAS ALMOST LATE FOR DINNER,
YEAH.
>> Jimmy: IT IS AWESOME TO BE
THAT CLOSE TO IT, RIGHT?
>> BREATHTAKING.
ABSOLUTELY BREATHTAKING.
>> Jimmy: WHAT'S THE BEST THING
YOU ATE IN ITALY?
THE SINGLE BEST ITEM YOU
CONSUMED DURING YOUR TIME THERE.
>> JIMMY, I CAN'T NARROW IT DOWN
TO ONE.
>> Jimmy: ANYTHING JUMP OUT?
>> NO.
I LIKE BACKED IT UP LIKE A
GARBAGE TRUCK.
[ LAUGHTER ]
BEEP, BEEP!
BRING IT ON!
>> Jimmy: I LIKE THAT, YEAH.
I KNOW A PERSON WHO I STILL
WON'T SPEAK TO WHO WAS LIKE, I'M
SO PROUD OF MYSELF.
I WENT TO ITALY, I DIDN'T HAVE
ONE BITE OF PASTA.
I ATE NO CARBS.
I WAS LIKE, WELL, IT WAS NICE
KNOWING YOU.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> I WAS ABOUT TO SAY, NO, DON'T
TELL ME THAT PERSON, YEAH.
>> Jimmy: WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A
BREAK.
WHEN WE COME BACK, WE WILL SEE A
CLIP FROM THE HIGHLY ANTICIPATED
"WATCHMEN" WITH REGINA KING.
WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK.
>>> YOU ARE MAD THAT MY SITTER
BAILED AND YOU HAD TO SUFFER
THROUGH BLACK OKLAHOMA WITHOUT
HAVING SOMEONE TO ROLL YOUR EYES
AT.
>> SITTER BAILED?
>> YES.
>> WELL, BLACK OKLAHOMA WAS
DELIGHTFUL.
>> YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO CALL
IT THAT.
>> YOU'RE GOING TO GIVE ME THE
SPEECH NOW?
>> WHAT SPEECH?
>> ABOUT HOW I'M OVERREACTING BY
CALLING ARTICLE 4, I SHOULD CALM
DOWN, TAKE A BREATH?
>> THERE'S A GUY IN MY TRUNK.
>> Jimmy: OH, THAT'S GOOD.
REGINA KING IN "WATCHMEN."
>> WITH THAT CLIP FOR THE TRUE
FANS OF THE GRAPHIC NOVEL, THERE
WAS AN EASTER EGG IN THERE.
>> Jimmy: OH, AN EASTER EGG, I'M
GOING TO HAVE TO REVIEW THAT
AGAIN.
THE GRAPHIC NOVEL IS LIKE A
HALLOWED PIECE OF LITERATURE.
IT REALLY IS.
MAYBE THE MOST CELEBRATED
GRAPHIC NOVEL OF ALL TIME.
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT FROM THAT IS
IN THIS SHOW, WHAT ISN'T IN THE
SHOW.
WHAT IS IN THE SHOW, WHAT ISN'T
IN THE SHOW?
>> UM -- HAVE
[ LAUGHTER ]
I'M IN THE SHOW.
>> Jimmy: WE KNOW THAT.
DAMON LINDELOF, WHO CREATED THIS
TELEVISION SHOW, WHEN DID TWO OF
THE BEST TELEVISION SHOWS EVER.
"LOST" AND "THE LEFTOVERS."
YOU WERE ON "THE LEFTOVERS."
I KNOW HE HAS THIS THING WHERE
HE DOESN'T NECESSARILY WANT TO
LIKE USE THE SAME ACTORS FROM
PROJECT TO PROJECT.
BUT WITH YOU HE COULDN'T RESIST.
>> HE BROKE THAT RULE.
>> Jimmy: HE BROKE THE RULE.
HOW DID HE PRESENT THIS TO YOU?
>> HE DID NOT SEND THE SCRIPT TO
ANY OF MY REPS.
HE HAD IT LIKE DELIVERED TO ME
WITH JUST THIS AWESOME NOTE THAT
SAID -- HE EXPLAINED THIS WAS
HIS NEXT PROJECT.
I WAS NOT AWARE WHAT "WATCHMEN"
WAS.
I'LL BE HONEST.
HE SAID, I WANT TO GO ON THIS
JOURNEY WITH YOU, IF YOU WILL.
I'M LOOKING AT THIS SCRIPT.
THERE'S LIKE THIS ENVELOPE
PEEKING OUT OF A CERTAIN PAGE.
AND OF COURSE I GO STRAIGHT TO
THAT PAGE.
AND THERE'S -- ON THE NFL HE
SAYS, REGINA, DON'T OPEN THIS
TILL YOU GET TO THIS PAGE.
DON'T CHEAT.
EXCLAMATION MARK, EXCLAMATION
MARK, EXCLAMATION MARK.
I WANTED TO CHEAT.
>> Jimmy: RIGHT, YEAH.
RIGHT, YEAH.
DID YOU?
>> I DIDN'T, I DIDN'T.
>> Jimmy: OKAY.
>> AND I READ AND I WAS JUST
BLOWN AWAY BY WHAT I WAS
READING.
IF I TOLD YOU WHAT I WAS READING
I'D BE GIVING SOME THINGS UP.
>> Jimmy: IN THE NFL?
OR IN THE --
>> NO, IN THE SCRIPT, IN THE
SCRIPT.
WHEN I GOT TO THAT PART, YOU
GUYS WILL SEE, IT'S A CERTAIN
MOMENT IN THE PILOT.
AND I OPENED IT UP.
AND IT WAS AN ARTIST RENDERING
WITH MY FACE OF SISTER NIGHT.
>> Jimmy: AH.
>> YEAH.
>> Jimmy: AND THAT EXCITED YOU.
>> WHAT?
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> Jimmy: HAVE YOU ALWAYS WANTED
TO BE A SUPERHERO?
>> I HAVE, I HAVE.
I MEAN, WHO HASN'T?
RIGHT?
>> Jimmy: I GUESS YOU'RE RIGHT,
YEAH.
NO, I'VE NEVER WANTED TO BE A
SUPERHERO.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> YOU HAVE.
>> Jimmy: YEAH, EVERYONE'S
WANTED TO BE A SUPERHERO.
NOW YOU ARE.
>> I AM.
>> Jimmy: I'M VERY EXCITED TO
SEE THIS.
THE GRAPHIC NOVEL IS ONE OF THE
BEST THINGS EVER.
AND I THINK YOU'RE IN VERY GOOD
HANDS AND VICE VERSA HERE.
>> YEAH.
I'M IN VERY GOOD HANDS AND THOSE
HANDS FOLLOW ME EVERYWHERE.
>> Jimmy: THEY DO.
THAT SOUNDS INCRIMINATING IN A
WAY.
>> YES, IT DOES.
>> Jimmy: MAYBE YOU'LL SEE
PEOPLE DRESSED UP AS YOU FOR
HALLOWEEN.
>> MAYBE, MAYBE.
>> Jimmy: THAT WOULD BE
SOMETHING.
>> THAT WOULD BLOW MY MIND.
>> Jimmy: IT'S GREAT TO SEE YOU.
I CAN'T WAIT TO SEE IT.
IT'S "WATCHMEN."
IT PREMIERES OCTOBER 20th, 9:00,
HBO.
REGINA KING, EVERYBODY!
WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK.
| {
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oh no, no no! please don't. NO son! not
the figure four!
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English:
Everyone loves chocolate chip cookies, but
we all enjoy them in different ways.
And let’s not even get started on nuts.
But how can you get your cookies to
turn out just the way you like them?
Well, you get it by playing with the recipe.
Changing up the ingredients,
manipulate the technique.
Hey that Kind of sounds like – science!
[SPLASH - Reactions logo]
Baking has a ton of chemistry going on,
but let’s start with chewiness.
A cookie’s chewiness comes from gluten
that forms when you mix flour and water.
For extra chewy cookies, use bread
flour instead of all purpose flour.
Bread flour has more protein, which
helps with the gluten development.
So, Say you like a cookie with more complex
flavors well then turn up that heat!
When you bake your cookies at 375 degrees
Farenheit, instead of the typical 350, sugar
breaks down in a process called “caramelization.”
This reaction pleases your tongue by producing
molecules with butterscotch, rum, and nut flavors.
For a fluffier cookie, add good ol’ sodium bicarbonate,
more commonly known as baking soda.
Baking soda breaks down in the oven creating
Italian:
Tutti amano i biscotti con gocce di cioccolato, ma
li godiamo tutti in modi diversi.
E non iniziamo nemmeno con le noci.
Ma come puoi ottenere i tuoi cookie
risultano proprio come piacciono a te?
Bene, lo ottieni giocando con la ricetta.
Cambiando gli ingredienti, manipola la tecnica.
Hey quel tipo di suoni come - scienza!
[SPLASH - Logo di reazioni]
La cottura ha un sacco di chimica in corso,
ma iniziamo con la masticabilità.
La masticabilità di un biscotto deriva dal glutine
che si forma quando impastate farina e acqua.
Per biscotti più gommosi, usa il pane
farina invece di farina per tutti gli usi.
La farina di pane ha più proteine, il che aiuta con lo sviluppo del glutine.
Quindi, dì che ti piace un biscotto con sapori più complessi, quindi alza quel calore!
Quando cuocete i biscotti a 375 gradi
Farenheit, al posto del tipico 350, zucchero
si scompone in un processo chiamato "caramellizzazione".
Questa reazione soddisfa la tua lingua producendo
molecole con aromi di caramello, rum e noci.
Per un biscotto più soffice, aggiungi del buon bicarbonato di sodio,
più comunemente noto come bicarbonato di sodio.
Il bicarbonato di sodio si rompe nel forno creando
English:
carbon dioxide gas bubbles which keep
your cookie from getting too dense.
But you don’t have to take my word for it.
We’re going to invade our favorite cookie expert:
Science News’ Bethany Brookshire’s kitchen,
who’s going to use the scientific method to
see the difference chilled, room temperature
and melted butter make in cookie making.
Bethany:
“For the past few years, I’ve made over
500 cookies in the name of science.
But today we’re just going to make 6 dozen.
When your using the scientific method you
need to start by asking yourself a question:
why does something work the way it does?
Why do ingredients in cookies
bake the way they do?
For this experiment, I’m going to ask a
question about cookies and butter.
Most cookie recipes call for butter
that’s softened or melted.
Why?
What’s so important about the butter in cookies?
I’m going to make three batches, exactly
the same, changing only the butter.
Before I begin my experiment, I’m going to make
a few guesses or a hypothesis about how
I think this experiment is going to turn out.
I think using that chilled butter
will create a harder dough,
Italian:
bolle di gas di anidride carbonica che mantengono
il tuo cookie diventa troppo denso.
Ma non devi credermi sulla parola.
Stiamo per invadere il nostro esperto di biscotti preferito:
La cucina di Bethany Brookshire di Science News,
a chi utilizzerà il metodo scientifico
vedere la differenza refrigerata, temperatura ambiente
e burro fuso nella preparazione dei biscotti.
Bethany:
“Negli ultimi anni ho cambiato idea
500 biscotti in nome della scienza.
Ma oggi ne faremo solo 6 dozzine.
Quando usi il metodo scientifico tu
devi iniziare ponendoti una domanda:
perché qualcosa funziona come funziona?
Perché gli ingredienti dei biscotti si cuociono in questo modo?
Per questo esperimento, chiederò a
domanda su biscotti e burro.
La maggior parte delle ricette di biscotti richiede burro
che è ammorbidito o sciolto.
Perché?
Cosa c'è di così importante nel burro nei biscotti?
Farò tre lotti, esattamente uguali, cambiando solo il burro.
Prima di iniziare il mio esperimento, farò
alcune supposizioni o un'ipotesi su come
Penso che questo esperimento finirà.
Penso che usare quel burro freddo creerà un impasto più duro,
Italian:
un impasto più freddo, che risulterà in un biscotto più piccolo.
Usare il burro a temperatura ambiente creerà un
pasta leggermente più morbida e un biscotto leggermente più largo.
Infine, usando il burro fuso creerà un molto
pasta che cola, che si stenderà
la padella formando un biscotto piatto più largo.
Ora proviamolo.
In questo primo lotto userò il burro freddo.
Questo secondo lo metteremo a temperatura ambiente
burro e il terzo sta ottenendo un po 'di burro che ho messo
nel microonde per circa un minuto e mezzo.
(Esperimento di cottura in corso)
(Tempo dei risultati).
Come puoi vedere, la nostra ipotesi era corretta.
English:
a colder dough, that will result in a smaller cookie.
Using room temperature butter will create a
slightly softer dough and a slightly wider cookie.
Finally, using melted butter will create a much
runny dough, that will spread out on
the pan making a flat wider cookie.
Now let’s test it.
In this first batch I’m going to use chilled butter.
This second one we’ll put in room temperature
butter and the third one is getting some butter I put
in the microwave for about a minute and a half.
(Baking experiment in Progress)
(Results Time).
As you can tell, our hypothesis was correct.
English:
Melted butter actually did produce larger
cookies than cold butter did.
You can actually do this with any ingredients
in your cookies or with any other kinds of food.
For cookies try different kinds of sweeteners,
different kinds of flower, see what kind of
chocolate makes the best chips. It’s all up to you.
But remember, if you’re going to do good science,
you’re going to have to repeat your experiments
many, many times. and this might
mean baking a lot cookies.”
And a special Thanks to the ACS ChemClubs
for making this video possible.
This year marks the 10th anniversary of ChemClubs.
To celebrate, they’re throwing a big food
chemistry-themed party on Nov. 16th,
and they’re live streaming the whole thing.
Click the link in the summary for more details.
Try your own experiments with cookies
and let us know what results you find.
Tweet us your pictures or
post on our Facebook page.
Or email your cookies.
We’re down for that too.
For more cookie information head
on over to Bethany’s Eureka!
Lab blog series -- links are in the summary.
And hey, thanks for watching!
Italian:
Il burro fuso produceva effettivamente biscotti più grandi del burro freddo.
Puoi effettivamente farlo con qualsiasi ingrediente
nei tuoi biscotti o con qualsiasi altro tipo di cibo.
Per i biscotti prova diversi tipi di dolcificanti,
diversi tipi di fiori, vedi che tipo di
il cioccolato fa le migliori patatine. Dipende tutto da te.
Ma ricorda, se vuoi fare una buona scienza,
dovrai ripetere i tuoi esperimenti
molte, molte volte. e questo potrebbe significare cuocere molti biscotti ".
E un ringraziamento speciale agli ACS ChemClubs per aver reso possibile questo video.
Quest'anno segna il decimo anniversario di ChemClubs.
Per festeggiare, il 16 novembre organizzeranno una grande festa a tema chimica alimentare
e stanno trasmettendo in live streaming l'intera cosa.
Fare clic sul collegamento nel riepilogo per ulteriori dettagli.
Prova i tuoi esperimenti con i cookie
e facci sapere quali risultati trovi.
Inviaci le tue foto o postali sulla nostra pagina Facebook.
Oppure invia i tuoi cookie tramite e-mail.
Siamo d'accordo anche per questo.
Per ulteriori informazioni sui cookie, vai su Bethany's Eureka!
Serie di blog di laboratorio: i collegamenti sono nel riepilogo.
E hey, grazie per la visione!
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BAM!!! Mr. Tarrou. In this lesson we are going
to use these six derivative rules for finding
derivatives of Inverse Trig Functions. We
are going to use these rules that we derivatives
in the previous video to work out three examples.
Now yes, ok. We now know how to derive these
derivative rules on our own but you certainly
want to take the time to memorize these. You
do not want to derive one of these rules every
time you need one. I am sure that you are
not going to finish your next quiz or chapter
test, I know my kids won't, if you don't have
these put to memory. If you just first started
learning these make some flash cards or something.
Whatever it takes to get them memorized. Now
I have a little bit of alternative notation
here. We have the derivative with respect
to x of arcsin of u, so I already have this
set up for U substitution is equal to u prime
over the square root of 1 minus u squared.
That is the derivative for arcsine. Well let's
not forget about of course arcsine is the
alternative notation for the inverse sine
of u. So your textbook might have this written
slightly different than mine does. I am just
going to include these notes as my textbook
uses them for my students. But for you again
arcsine is the same as inverse sine. Over
here we have f(x) is equal to t times the
arc cosecant of 3x. We have a constant out
here, out front, which we are going to just
let float down now. We are probably very used
to do doing that. We have an inside function
of 3x. So we are going to let U equal 3x,
then the derivative of u with respect to x,
or u prime, is going to be equal to 3. So
the f prime of x, the derivative of f(x)...
the derivative of f with respect to x, is
equal to 5 from that constant floating down
out front times... well ok... the arc cosecant...
the derivative with respect to x of arc cosecant
of u is negative u prime, or the opposite
of u', and u' is 3... so we are going to change
that sign and have it be negative three...
over the absolute value of u... well u is
our inside function of 3x... now times the
square root of u squared minus one. I don't
know why I am writing u, it is equal to 3x...
now squared. All right. A couple of things
here. This three can be taken out of the absolute
value function because really I have this
absolute value function wrapped around the
3x to make sure that the factor remains positive.
Well 3 is positive, it is just making sure
that x remains positive. So I can take that
out. I am also going to put this 5 over one
and we are going to multiply across the top.
What is going to happen here is this three
that can be taken out of the absolute value,
I think I am going to show the work here....
Let's set it up instead of just saying it.
We have -3 times 5 over 3 times the absolute
value of x times the square root of... 3 squared
is 9 x squared minus 1. Well, now the 3's
are going to cancel out of course because
we can cancel out factors, not terms... not
something being added or subtracted to something
else. We get a final answer of -5 over the
absolute value of x times the square root
of 9x^2-1. You know we are just doing straight
forward examples. We are doing three examples
of finding the derivative. We are not going
to be trying to find equations of tangent
lines at a point or something like that. We
are just going through three examples of working
out these basic derivatives. Sometimes they
are not so basic, but that is all we have
for this first example. nanananana... Back
again. We have f(x) is equal to arc cosine
of 2x over x. So we have an inside function,
a u which is equal to 2x, and u prime which
is equal to 2. And we have a quotient so we
have to use the Quotient Rule for finding
a derivative. We have f(x) is equal to what
we have here. That means that f prime of x
is going to be equal to... Well the Quotient
Rule says take the denominator and multiply
by the derivative of the numerator. Again
the derivative of arc cosine of u is the opposite
of u prime over the square root of 1-u^2.
The opposite of u', so we have -2 over the
square root of 1 minus u squared, which is
our 2x... Ok yeah. I forgot where I was. The
denominator times the derivative of the numerator
minus the numerator... that is arccos(2x)...
times the derivative of the denominator which
going to be the derivative of x with respect
to x is 1... all over the denominator squared.
Ok. Now this is going to clean up not a lot,
but I do want to clean this up a little bit.
So I am going to write, I am going to bring
this x which we can write as x... Let's pick
a different color here... x/1. We are going
to bring this x up to the numerator and do
1 times the square root. I am going to give
each of these terms this denominator. I am
going to split this up, this one fraction
up into two separate terms and give each terms
this denominator of x squared because it can
clean up a little bit with our first term.
That means that we are going to have -2x over
the square root of 1 minus 2x squared is 4x^2
all over x^2 minus arccos(2x)/x^2. Now I am
going to just leave that like that. Not much
we can worry about doing there. Over here
we have a fraction divided by a fraction.
So what I am going to do is a couple of things.
I am running out of room. We are going to
write the numerator and the denominator as
a fraction so that we can see I am going to
take this numerator and divide by this denominator.
That means when you want to change division
to multiplication, like when you are dividing
fractions you multiply by the reciprocal of
the second value, or the reciprocal of what
you are dividing by. We are going to move
this out of the way and we are also going
to write this as -2x over the square root
of 1-4x^2 times 1/x^2. So again we changed
that division into multiplication of the reciprocal.
Our factors of x and x squared, well that
one x can cancel with one of those two in
the denominator. That just leaves us with
x times the square root of 1-4x^2. Don't be
tempted to take this x and cancel with one
of these x's down here in this denominator.
This is not arc cosine times 2 times x. That
2x of course is in that math function so nothing
else is going to cancel and I am done with
this example. BAM! One more example. So for
our last example we have f(x) is equal to
cosine of arcsin(x) minus the natural log
of x-1 over x+1. So a fairly complicated problem
here at the end, unless you take in small
pieces and it is not too bad. We have an inside
function, our u for cosine is going to be
arc sine of x. And we have the natural log
of a quotient. We want to split this up. We
want to expand that natural log function.
So I have added one more derivative rule up
here for us. The derivative with respect to
x of the natural log of u is u prime over
u. So we have f(x) is equal to the cosine
of arc... Actually for the purpose of space
I am going to just write the cosine of the
inverse sine of x minus the natural log of
x minus one... now when you take the natural
log.... um. When you take the natural log
of a quotient and you want to expand it, you
need to remember... Let's see here. We basically
get exponents from logarithms. When do you
subtract exponents? When you are dividing
like bases and our like bases are our base
of e for this natural log function. So again
we subtract exponents when we are dividing
with like bases and logarithms are basically
an exponent. When you log a value you get
an exponent. So it is this natural log of
x-1 which we need to think of as an exponent
because I am logging something to a particular
base and you get exponents from logarithms.
So it is going to be the ln(x-1) minus ln(x+1).
Now I know that when I take this one term,
this natural log of this quotient and expand
it I am going to get two terms. That means
that I need to take this negative sign and
wrap this expansion inside the parenthesis
so we remember that we need to distribute
this negative sign. If you don't do that,
you are going to do a lot more work in this
problem and you are going to have it wrong.
So we have f(x) is equal to cosine of the
inverse sine of x minus ln(x-1), and negative
times negative is positive, plus ln(x+1).
Ok for our problem here we have... We know
the derivative of cosine is negative sine
of x, but we have an inside function. We have
u is equal to the inverse sine of x or the
arc sine of x. That means that u prime or
the derivative of u with respect to x is going
to be x... so that is simply going to be 1...
because our u substitution basically now I
am looking at this and I have given you derivative
rules for inverse trig functions set up already
in terms of u substitution. So our u is our
x. So it is that inside function, you know,
the derivative of it and the derivative of
x with respect to x is 1. Now 1 over the square
root of 1 minus u which is for this simple
inverse sine of x, or arc sine that we have,
is just x. Ok. So take this nice and slow.
Don't make any mistakes. f'(x) is equal to...
the derivative of cosine is equal to negative
sine... OK... So the derivative of a trig
function when it has an inside function means
you have to use the Chain Rule. So it is the
derivative that trig function, and I am leaving
the inside u alone, times u prime. It is going
to be times u prime. So we have the derivative
of cosine of u is negative sine of u times
u prime... now minus the derivative of a natural
log of x-1 is going to be... well this inside
function is x-1 and the derivative of x-1
with respect to x is 1... So this is going
to be minus 1 over x-1... Plus.. and the derivative
of this inside function, right the u'/u, so
here it sort of U sub 3 if you will is x+1
and the derivative of x+1 is one... so 1/x+1.
I am also have a lot more simplifying to do
with this problem and I am running out of
space. Once again, let's get this green board
out of the way. Ok. So we have a lot of simplifying
here that we can do. Let's not forget that
we are taking the sine of the inverse sine.
These are inverse math operations and hopefully
you don't need the review. But what does this
x really represent if this is inverse sine
of x? Remember that we put angles into trig
functions and you get out basically the sides
of a right triangle, the reference triangle.
So if you are thinking about your angles in
standard position, it is the sine of theta
is equal to y over r. So this x is the ratio
of the opposite side over the hypotenuse going
into this inverse trig function and an angle
is going to come out. You take the sine of
that angle and you going to go right back
in. So it is sort of like the inverse sine
of 1/2 is going to be equal to pi/6, and the
sine of pi/6 takes you right back to 1/2.
So these inverse trig functions will cancel
out. You just end up with negative x. So the
sine of the inverse sine of x is just simply
x, then you have the negative coming in. You
have f'(x) equals -x over the square root
of 1-x^2. I hope now by the time you are in
Calculus... My Algebra 2 students, my PreCalculus
students are always trying to say these are
both perfect squares so that simplifies to
1-x and no it does not. Hopefully we are not
making that mistake still. So this here is
our first term simplified. Now I want to combine
these terms over here. This 1/(x-1) and this
1/(x+1), but to simplify the process a little
bit I am going to let this negative just float
up to the top and change this to an addition
of the negative number. Plus negative one
over x-1 plus one over x+1. Now I want to
bring these two together and we will be done
with this video so we need to find a common
denominator. That means I am going to multiply
this fraction by x+1 and this fraction by
x-1 in the numerator and denominator. Yes,
I have that over there. That is going to give
us negative x over the square root of 1-x^2...
Actually you don't need to see me talk through
a couple of algebraic fractions. Let's speed
this up a little bit. nananananana... I took
the negative, distributed it, combined like
terms over that common denominator, and also
distributed these. Basically we are looking
at a difference of squares pattern of x-1
times x+1, which comes out to be x^2-1. So
we have -x or the opposite of x over the square
root of 1-x^2 plus -2 over x^2-1. That is
the end of my last example. I am Mr. Tarrou.
BAM!!! Go Do Your Homework:D
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English:
About six hours after
we inoculated, that's it.
the yeast quite present in all the
beer,
in all the wort. This is the blow off,
as the hose is so wide, we're not going
to have
such a strong response. But it
is already bubbling. This means
that tomorrow is going to be
to full already, the fermentation. First day of
fermentation, we already have super active
yeast.
We see the Krausen that was formed.
Let's see the bubbling back there.
Keep in mind that the hose is very
thick. The longer and thicker the hose
is, the harder it's gonna be for the gas to put pressure on.
If this had an airlock, it would be
exploding. Temperature controlled.
This ice is from yesterday, eh! I didn´t
put more ice because it is already fine, as the room it is not very hot, it´s at 18
Spanish:
Unas seis horas después de que
inoculamos, ya está
la levadura bastante presente en toda la
cerveza,
en todo el mosto. Este es el blow off,
al ser tan ancha la manguera, no vamos
a tener
una respuesta tan fuerte. Pero
ya está burbujeando. Esto quiere decir
que mañana va a estar
a pleno ya, la fermentación. Primer día de
fermentación, tenemos ya súper activa.
Vemos el Krausen que se formó.
vamos a ver el burbujeo, ahí atrás.
Tengan en cuenta que es una manera súper
gruesa. Mientras más larga y más guesa
sea, más difícil va a ser que haga presión.
Si esto tuviera un airlock, estaría
explotando. La temperatura controlada.
Este hielo quedó de ayer, eh!. Ya no
uso más hielo pues ya quedó fija, como no hace mucho calor, en 18
English:
degrees (64F).
So the temperature is 19 (66F) more or less
inside aswell.
After one day we see the Krausen.
I think it's almost at its peak.
04 starts very fast
We see the groups there,
the colonies
of yeast that run all over the beer.
Very good Krausen, very good start. We see the Airlock,
at a much faster rate than this morning.
18.5 (65F)
Spanish:
grados (64F).
Así que la temperatura es 19 (66F) más o menos
adentro también.
Después de un día vemos el Krausen.
Creo que está casi en su punto máximo
La 04 arranca muy rápido
Vemos ahí los grupos,
las colonias
de levadura que recorren toda la cerveza.
Muy buen Krausen, muy buen arranque. Vemos el Airlock,
a un ritmo mucho mayor que hoy en la
mañana.
18.5 (65F)
English:
that's what I was telling you. Inside it´s 19 (66F) a little bit more.
Because at this point in fermentation.
there's a lot of activity inside, which elevates
the internal temperature of the fermenter.
We see how the Krausen
is maintained
at top.
We see the activity
of yeast. Ale
This is why it is called high fermentation yeast.
because it ferments in the upper part
of the carboy, of the fermenter.
We see a large colony of
yeasts on the upper part
But it also goes up and down, and occupies the entire
Spanish:
esto lo que yo les decía adentro 19 (66F) un poquito más.
Porque en este momento de la
fermentación
hay mucha actividad adentro, lo que eleva
la temperatura interna del fermentador.
Vemos como el Krausen
se mantiene
a tope
Vemos la actividad
de la levadura. Ale
Por esto se llama levadura de fermentación
alta, porque fermenta en la parte superior
del bidón, del fermentador
Vemos como se hizo una gran colonia de
levaduras sobre la parte superior
Pero así mismo sube y baja, y ocupa toda
la
English:
surface, the entire volume of the fermenter.
It's practically gone down there, but it's still there.
going down and up, right? We see the activity...
Clearly as it
goes down and up. Eehhhhhhh!
What I was telling you, the difference of the
temperature. When the fermentation is
strong, here is at 18.8, 19°C (65/66F)
and inside is at 19.7 (67.5).
20 degrees, 20.2 (68/68.3F)
It's one degree higher.
a degree and a bit more, than the water. So I'm going to put a couple of these gels.
Not for it to cool, but to stop getting warmer. Because it's like in the limit.
20 degrees 20.5 (68/69F).
We want it
Spanish:
superficie, todo el volumen del fermentador.
Abajo prácticamente no quedó, pero sigue
bajando y subiendo, no? Vemos la actividad
y como se ve claramente como
como bajan y suben. Eehhhhhhh!
Lo que les decía, de la diferencia de
temperatura. Cuando la fermentación es
fuerte aca está en 18.8, 19°C (65/66F)
y adentro está en 19.7 (67.5).
20 grados, 20.2 (68/68.3F)
ahí marcó 21 (70F). Está a un grado más
y grado y monedas más, que el agua. Asi que voy a poner un par de estos geles.
No para que enfríe, sino que no caliente
más. Porque está como en el límite.
20 grados 20.5 (68/69F).
Queremos
English:
to stay at that temperature, or to drop
one degree, half degree. Like this,
with this, we are going to control, with all the
mass of water, so that it does not continue to rise.
Very nice Krausen, very nice fermentation,
a lot of activity.
3rd day of fermentation.
The bubbling is still going, but slower.
the most active phase, is over
There's still gas. Quite a bit less
yeast moving back and forth.
The Krausen has already come down from here to here.
and water temperature
19 degrees(66F) 18 and a bit.
Inside a little bit more.
Spanish:
que se mantenga en esa temperatura, o baje
un grado, medio grado. Así,
con esto vamos a controlar con toda la
masa de agua para que no siga subiendo.
Muy lindo Krausen, muy linda fermentación,
mucha actividad.
3er día de fermentación.
Sigue el burbujeo, ya más lento. Ya pasó
la fase más activa
Sigue habiendo gas. Bastante menos
levadura moviéndose de acá para allá.
El Krausen ya bajó desde acá a acá.
y la temperatura del agua
19 grados(66F) 18 y moneda
Adentro un poquito más.
English:
Super Acceptable Parameters
Fourth day of fermentation, we're going to do
the dry hop
I weighed about 13 grams here. (0.45oz)
The idea was that you'd have left
10gr (0.35oz) of the 40gr (1.14oz) you had purchased.
A little bit more, in this case.
I'm going to soak the filter in alcohol 70%
Let's do so...
I've got a little bit left here.
I have to recharge this.
So I´ll soak it all in.
and we leave it for a little while.
Well, there's our 10/13 grams,
I wanted to show you. We said, fourth day of
Spanish:
Parámetros super aceptables
Cuarto día de fermentación, vamos a hacer
el dry hop
Yo pesé acá unos 13 gramos. (0.45oz)
La idea era que les quedarán
10gr (0.35oz) de los 40gr (1.14oz) que habían comprado.
Un poquito más, en este caso
Voy a poner el filtro en
remojo con alcohol al 70%
abundante. Vamos a hacer así...
Como de esto ya me queda poquito.
Tengo que recargarlo hacemos así
Lo metemos completamente.
y lo dejamos un ratito
Bueno ahí están nuestros 10/13 gramos,
quería mostrarles, decíamos cuarto día de
English:
fermentation. The activity of airlock or blow off
went down very much, until, perhaps in a
short lapse it will not show bubbling.
If I touch the fermentor right away
bubbles. It means that the
pressure is right there to go out. Does this mean that fermentation is over?
When I stop seeing the activity. Mickey Mouse Style Question
OH, NO.
There is still activity, which
is that in this case being, as I said, the hose is so wide, with so much
amount of water in the jar, it's going to need a lot of
pressure to create bubbles. But still
there's still activity inside. If
there was an airlock system, the
regular ones, you'd still see the
activity.
I'm going to remove the lid for which I have to leave
the camera. We take out the balloon, sprinkle 70% alcohol
We throw in the hops, and then
we put the balloon back on,
we put the lid back in place
and put back the hose.
Dry Hop!
Spanish:
fermentación. La actividad del airlock o blow off
bajó muchísimo, hasta que, quizás en un
lapso corto no se vea burbujear.
Si yo toco el fermentador enseguida
burbujea. Quiere decir que está ahí nomás la
presión a punto de salir. ¿Esto quiere
decir que ya no hay más fermentación?
Cuando dejo de ver la actividad. Pregunto al estilo Mickey mouse
NO.
Sigue habiendo actividad todavía, lo que
pasa es que en este caso al ser, como les
decía, la manguera tan ancha con tanta
cantidad de agua, va a necesitar mucha
presión para sacar burbujas. Pero todavía
sigue habiendo actividad dentro. Si
hubiera un un sistema de airlock de los
cortitos comunes, todavía se vería la
actividad.
Voy a sacar la tapa para lo cual tengo que dejar
la cámara. Sacamos el globito, rociamos
con alcohol al 70%. Tiramos los lúpulos y
volvemos a colocar el globito, volvemos a
colocar la tapita y volvemos a colocar
manguerita.
Dry Hop!
English:
And now we curl it up again like it was at the beginning.
Well done. The whole system is up again.
The reason I do dry hop
almost always on the fourth day of fermentation,
is because there's still activity, and the
oxygen that comes in when I take out the
cover is going to be expelled by the carbon dioxide
that is still being
produced. Even if we don't see any activity
or too much blow off activity. Once all this decanted, more or less
in two days;
we leave it 4 or 5 more days and that would be
fermentation completed, at least from observation. The right way to check
when the fermentation is finished, in a
approximate date on which we calculate
that will be the end of fermentation,
is to take gravity measure three days in a row,
either with a refractometer or with a
densimeter, and if it doesn't give us any
Spanish:
Y ahora se vuelve a enroscar como al principio.
Bueno listo. Ya está todo el sistema otra vez.
La razón por la cual yo hago dry hop
casi siempre al cuarto día fermentación,
es porque todavía hay actividad y el
oxígeno que ingresa cuando yo saco la
tapa va a ser expulsado por el dióxido
de carbono que todavía se está
produciendo. Aunque no veamos actividad
o demasiada actividad en blow off. Una
vez que todo esto decante más o menos
en dos días;
dejamos 4 o 5 días más y ya quedaría
terminada la fermentación por lo menos a
ojo. La forma correcta de verificar
cuando se acabó la fermentación, en una
fecha aproximada en la que calculamos
que va a estar el final de fermentación,
es tomar tres días seguidos la densidad
final ya sea con refractómetro o con
densímetro, y si no nos da ninguna
Spanish:
variación en el número, da tres días la
misma densidad final, quiere decir que ya
no hay más actividad y podemos pasar al
paso siguiente.
5to día de fermentación. Vamos a sacudir un poquito,
total ahí está todavía el blow off conectado.
No va a entrar aire. No entra
oxígeno nuevo. Sacudimos un poquito
para mojar la bolsita de dry hop.
Vemos cómo todavía hay gas y levadura
que está
volviendo de superficie, hay mucho
movimiento. Va todo muy bien
Veamos la cantidad que ya hay abajo
la mayor parte, no?
6to día. Tenemos ahí la bolsita.
no sé si logramos verla (dry hop). Todavía hay
levaduras que están
ahí arriba y hay bastante. Miren cuánta
actividad de gas que hay. O sea que, no
damos por terminada la fermentación-
Sacudimos un poco porque no entra
English:
variation in the number, it gives three days the
same final gravity, it means that
there's no more activity and we can move on to the next step.
5th day of fermentation. Let's shake a little
The blow off is still connected.
There's no air coming in. No new oxygen is incorporated. We shake a little bit
to wet the dry hop bag.
We see how there is still gas and yeast
coming back to the surface, there's a lot
movement. Everything is going very well
Let's see how much is already down there.
most of it, right?
6th day. We have the bag there.
I don't know if you got to see it (dry hop). There is still
yeasts
up there and there's plenty. Look how much
gas activity there is. In other words,
we're not done with the fermentation-
We shake a little because no oxigen goes in.
Spanish:
oxígeno. Solamente se sacude un poquito para
humectar la bolsita de lúpulos. Con este
sacudón van a caer varios de los grupos
de levadura, de las colonias que había
arriba.
Van a terminar decantando. Como el resto aquí abajo
Bastante particular la forma que
tomaron.
o sea no sé compacto para nada.
7mo día de fermentación.
Se pueden ver algunas colonias de
levadura que al mover
el fermentador caen. Muy probablemente la
fermentación ya haya terminado, pero
sería muy pronto para embotellar, ya que
no le dimos tiempo a madurar un poquito.
Si no tomamos densidad no estamos
completamente seguros de que haya
terminado.
La última vista de la fermentación hasta
el momento de embotellado, que va a ser
en unos...
English:
We just shake a little bit to
moisturize the hop bag. With this
shakeout several of this groups
of yeast, of the colonies that are
on top, are going to fall.
They're going to end up decanting. Like the rest here below
Pretty particular the way that
they took.
I mean, it did not compacted at all.
7th day of fermentation.
You can see some colonies of
yeast that when you move
the fermentor fall. Most likely the
fermentation has already finished, but
it would be too soon to bottle, since
we didn't give it time to mature a little bit.
If we don't take gravity we're not
completely sure that it has
finished.
The last view of the fermentation until
the moment of bottling, which is going to be
in a...
Spanish:
cálculo yo, cinco o siete días
Finalmente alcanzamos el día 14 de
fermentación, la paciencia del cervecero,
vamos a ver si rindió frutos. Tenemos el
todavía el fermentador acá colocado con
el airlock. Ahora se lo voy a quitar
y les voy a mostrar cómo es el proceso
de embotellado.
Así quedó el fermentador.
vemos actividad, un poco de actividad
gaseosa todavía, lo que no quiere decir
que haya fermentación activa.
Vemos algunos
cúmulos de levadura por ahí flotando.
Seguramente por una cuestión de volumen
y peso
no se hundieron.
pero tampoco quiere decir que haya
fermentación activa.
Llegó momento de embotellar.
Traté de poner todo
English:
I recon, five or seven days
We finally reached the 14th of
fermentation, the patience of the brewer,
let's see if it paid off. We have
still the fermenter here placed with
the airlock. Now I'm going to take it off.
and I'm going to show you what the process of bottling is like.
That's how the fermenter looks like.
we see activity, a little activity of
gas yet, which doesn't mean
that there is active fermentation.
We see some
piles of yeast floating around.
Probably because of a matter of volume
and weight they
didn't sink.
but it doesn't mean there's
active fermentation.
It's time to bottle.
I tried to present everything,
English:
so that you may have a
more complete image of everything that
is needed.
It's just good before bottling
to have everything
presented so as not to have
then inconvenient when we already have the
beer recked with the priming of the
sugar, then we can't wait long before bottling it. So, well, the
first thing I have to do once that
I have everything presented, is to sanitize the
bottles.
The bottles have to be clean.
They have to be clean, sometimes when
they ferment, it leaves a line as if
a small fermentation went through;
what they do during the process of
generation of gas inside the bottle.
So, that can´t be washed with water.
only, you have to use
a bottle brush.
Spanish:
presentado, para que ustedes tengan una
imagen más completa de todo lo que
se necesita.
Está bueno igual antes de embotellar
tener todo
presentado para no tener
después inconvenientes cuando ya tengo la
cerveza trasvasada con el priming del
azúcar, que ahí no puedo esperar mucho tiempo
para embotellarla. Así que bueno, lo
primero que tengo que hacer una vez que
tengo todo presentado, es higienizar las
botellas.
Las botellas tienen que estar limpias.
Tienen que estar limpias, a veces cuando
fermentan les queda una línea como si
fuera una pequeña fermentación;
qué hacen durante el proceso de
generación de gas dentro de la botella.
Entonces, eso no se lava con agua
solamente, hay que usar
un cepillo para botellas.
English:
Scrape it.
If it gets to have some kind of fungus,
this brush is also used to
remove it.
That would have to be done: days before the
bottling.
I recommend always having the bottles
clean. Once you use them, leave them ready
to use again. And in the moment, as
today, the day you're going to bottle.
You just give it a rinse with hot water, and
then each bottle is sprayed
with 70% alcohol.
And then another fundamental thing is
make the syrup with the sugar.
First calculate, approximately, how many liters
we're going to bottle.
I calculated 5 liters, because I'm going to have one liter of
waste due to yeast accumulation
that we have
down here.
Spanish:
Se raspa.
Si llega a tener algún tipo de hongo,
también se utiliza este cepillo para
removerlo.
Eso se tendría que hacer: días previos al
embotellado
Recomiendo tener siempre las botellas
limpias. Una vez que las usan, dejarlas listas
para usar de nuevo. Y en el momento, como
hoy, el día que la van a embotellar, solo
le damos un enjuague con agua caliente, y
luego se rocía cada botella
con alcohol al 70%.
Y después otra cosa fundamental es
hacer el jarabe con el azúcar.
Primero calcular, aproximadamente, cuántos litros
vamos a embotellar.
Yo calculé 5 litros, porque me va a quedar un
desperdicio por el cúmulo de levadura
que me quedó
aquí abajo.
English:
Right now, I'm trying to move
the fermentor as little as possible. So that
we don´t stir up the dirt.
Once I have the calculation, for this
beer let's calculate 7 grams
per litre, i.e. 7 per 5. 35 grams (1.23oz) of
sugar; with 100 milliliters of water (3.4oz). Boil it for five minutes, and we're going to
poor it on the base of the receptacle we´ll use to bottle the beer.
In my case
I'm gonna use this bucket, which I put a faucet in.
and I'm going to use
the two tools I always use
which are soaked in water and antibacterial detergent
Now we need to rinse it so there's no trace of detergent.
This is for bottling and this is for
transfering. It's just a little hose
with a siphon, so I don't have to
to be sucking it up. At the tip of the
Spanish:
En estos momentos trato de mover lo
menos posible el fermentador. Para que no
se revuelva la suciedad.
Una vez que tengo el cálculo, para esta
cerveza vamos a calcular 7 gramos
por litro, o sea 7 por 5. 35 gramos (1.23oz) de
azúcar; con 100 mililitros de agua (3.4oz). Lo hervimos cinco minutos y lo vamos a
volcar en la base del
recipiente en donde vamos a trasvasar la cerveza.
En mi caso
yo voy a usar este tacho, al cual coloqué una canilla.
y voy a usar
las dos herramientas que uso siempre
que están en remojo con agua y detergente
antibacteriano
Ahora hay que enjuagarlo para que no quede rastro de detergente.
Esto es para embotellar y esto es para
trasvasar. Es solamente una manguerita
con un sifón para no tener que
estar succionando. En la punta de la
English:
hose we put a filter.
If you don't have one,
which is most likely this first time,
either of these two things. You're going to have
to use, it occurred to me:
a thin hose, 3 millimeters (0.11in) inner diameter per
6mm (0.22in) total.
With one of these paint filters,
that we had used for hops.
The idea is: to do like this...
Obviously, this has to be immersed
first in 70% alcohol. I'm not going to
because I'm not gonna use it.
Then tie a knot,
as strong as you can so that it doesn't get off.
A knot there, and it looks pretty good there.
There you have a filter through which
is going to pass less sediment than
would go unfiltered, wouldn't it? This would go in the
the bottom of the bucket, and
on the other side if you don't have a syphon (bellows)
Spanish:
margarita lleva un filtro.
Si ustedes no tienen
que es lo más probable en esta primera vez,
ninguna de estas dos cosas. Van a tener
que usar, se me ocurrió:
una manguerita finita, de 3 milímetros (0.11in) por
6mm (0.22in) totales.
Con un filtro de estos de pintura,
que habíamos usado para los lúpulos
La idea es: hacer así...
Obviamente, esto tiene que estar inmerso
primero en alcohol al 70%. Yo no lo voy a
hacer porque no lo voy a usar.
Después hacer un nudo,
lo más fuerte que puedan para que no se
les salga.
Un nudo ahí, y ahí queda bastante bien
agarrado. Tienen un filtro por el cual
va a pasar menos sedimento del que
pasaría sin filtro, no? Esto iría en el
fondo del tacho, y
del otro lado si no tienen un sifóncitó (fuelle)
English:
or anything you can think of to do
siphon, vacuum
You're gonna have to suck it out with your mouth.
Put a lot of 70% alcohol, put 70% alcohol in your mouth.
Try not to expel saliva and
with good inspiration as dry as you can.
It's gonna start coming out.
and then to bottle, if you don't get
this little spout that bottles under pressure.
When I squeeze, liquid comes out.
then loose stops coming out. Now you will see
how it works. You're going to have to use a
funnel.
The problem with this is that there's gonna be
a little bit of a mess, but for the first time
You can get along with the funnel; as it is not much
liquid, is not heavy to
lift and manipulate.
The downside to this is that there's a lot
oxygenation, a lot of handling; the less
handling at this stage;
there's gonna be a cleaner beer coming out,
Spanish:
o algo que se les ocurra para hacer
sifón, vacío
Van a tener que succionarlo con la boca.
Pongan mucho alcohol al 70%, pongase alcohol al 70% en la boca.
Traten de no expulsar saliva y
con una buena inspiración lo más seca que puedan.
Va a comenzar a salir el
líquido
y luego para embotellar, si no consiguen
este canito que embotella a presión.
Cuando yo aprieto sale líquido, cuando
suelto deja de salir. Ahora van a ver
cómo funciona. Van a tener que usar un
embudo.
El problema con esto es que va a haber
un poco de enchastre, pero para ser la
primera vez.
Se dan maña con el embudo; como es poco
líquido tampoco es pesado como para
levantar y eso.
La contra de esto, es que hay mucha
oxigenación, mucho manoseo; mientras menos
manoseo haya sobre todo en esta etapa; les
va a salir una cerveza más limpia,
Spanish:
menos contaminada. Siempre hay algunas
bacterias dando vuelta, es imposible que no haya nunca nada.
Pero mientras menos
haya, menos posibilidad de contaminación
van a tener en la cerveza.
Como les decía
todas las botellas tienen que estar
limpias previamente, que no haya ningún
rastro de suciedad. Si hay suciedad no se
puede sanitizar.
Primero vamos a llenar con agua bien
caliente todas las botellas que vayamos
a usar. En este caso estoy eligiendo
botellas que tienen
tapa, o algunas de plástico pet
con tapa rosca.
y algunas con tapitas para que vean
también cómo funciona la tapadora.
Sacudimos bien,
las ponemos boca abajo un rato para que drene el agua y luego
alcohol al 70%.
Este es un momento donde la balanza
viene bien para pesar los 35 gramos (1.23oz) que
vamos a usar.
English:
less contaminated. There are always some
bacteria flying around, it's impossible that there's never nothing.
But the less
there is less chance of contamination
you're gonna have on the beer.
As I was telling you
all the bottles have to be
previously cleaned, that there is no
trace of dirt. If there is dirt, it can´t be
sanitized.
First we are going to fill up with hot water
all the bottles we're going to use
In this case I am choosing
bottles that have
lid, or some plastic (pet)
with screw cap.
and some with caps, so you can see
also how the capper works.
We shake well,
put them upside down for a while to drain the water and then
70% alcohol.
This is a moment where the scale
is good for weighing the 35 grams (1.23oz) that
we're going to use.
English:
if you don´t have,
Let's see, so you have an idea...
a full soup spoon has 12
grams (0.42oz) of sugar, i.e.
with three full tablespoons
like this, we would have 36 grams (1.26oz) that
would be perfect for the 5 liters (1.32gal) that
we're planning on bottling.
With a scale, what we do is:
put the 35 grams directly.
There you go, one more gram, that´s fine and
now we make the syrup.
To make the syrup, I'm going to use 150
milliliters (5oz) of water.
Maybe for this amount it's a little
too much.
but some will evaporate.
Spanish:
si no,
vamos a ver, para que tenga una idea
una cuchara sopera al mango tiene 12
gramos (0.42oz) de azúcar, o sea
con tres cucharadas soperas
al mango así, tendríamos 36 gramos (1.26oz) que
sería perfecto para los 5 litros (1.32gal) que
tenemos planeados embotellar.
Con balanza lo que hacemos es:
poner los 35 gramos directamente
ahí va, un gramito de más, no pasa nada y
ahora hacemos el jarabe.
Para hacer el jarabe, voy a poner 150
mililitros (5oz) de agua.
Quizás para esta cantidad es un poco
excesivo.
pero algo se evapora.
Spanish:
Tengan en cuenta también que
mientras más espeso sea el jarabe, más
difícil va a ser que se diluya.
Que se diluya bien en toda la cerveza.
La idea es que esté bien ditribuido en toda la cerveza.
Esto los vamos a hervir unos 5 o 10 minutos
y vamos a apagar el fuego. Hay que
dejar que se enfríe, eso va a tardar
un rato y mientras tanto vamos
preparando todas las otras cosas que
necesitemos. Sanitizamos las
botellas, sanitizamos mangueritas todo con
alcohol al 70%. Sanitizamos el tacho en
donde vamos a trasvasar, ya sea el tacho o la
olla en donde ustedes pasen la cerveza.
Las botellas ya están enjuagadas, primero
limpias, enjuagadas
y vaciadas. Pero siempre va a quedar un
resto de agua, así que después de unos
minutos volcamos lo que quede y
English:
Please also note that
the thicker the syrup,
it's going to be harder to dilute.
To dilute thoroughly in all the beer.
The idea is that it's well distributed throughout the beer.
We're going to boil it for five or ten minutes.
and we're gonna put out the fire. We must
let it cool down, that's gonna take a while.
In the meantime we're going to
prepare all the other things that
we need.
We sanitize the
bottles, we sanitize little hoses all with
70% alcohol. We sanitize the bucket
where we're going to transfer, whether it's a bucket or the
pot where you brew your beer.
The bottles are already rinsed,
First clean, then rinsed
and emptied. But there will always a
rest of water, so after a few minutes.
minutes we dump what's left and
Spanish:
bastante alcohol al 70% para dejarlas
en algún lugar donde no haya mucho polvo
revoloteando. Hasta que las emtotellemos
y luego antes de
embotellar, vamos a volcar otra vez el
contenido que habíamos
puesto de alcohol al 70%
en un trapito.
Lo que tienen de bueno estas botellas es que
se pueden rociar, se rocía la tapa
también y
ya se tapan hasta que sean utilizadas para
embotellar.
Ahí ya tenemos todas nuestras botellas
preparadas para empezar a embotellar.
Después de hervir esto por 5 minutos, el jarabe está
listo. Lo vamos a dejar enfriar
Voy a colocar la tapa,
y enfriarlo en la pileta como hacemos
con la olla de cocción. Así aceleramos un
poquito el proceso.
English:
enough 70% alcohol to leave them
somewhere where there's not a lot of dust.
hovering. Until we bottle the beer.
Before bottling, we're going to overturn the bottle to remove the 70% alcohol content
that was left.
in a little cloth.
What's so good about these bottles is that
can be sprayed, the lid is sprayed
and
we put the lid on until they are used for
bottling.
There we have all our bottles
ready to start bottling.
After boiling this for 5 minutes, the syrup is
ready. We're going to let it cool down
I'm going to put the lid on,
and cool it in the sink. Like we do
with the cooking pot. Thus we accelerate a
a little bit of the process.
Spanish:
en cuanto al recipiente dentro del cual
van a hacer el trasvaso ahora con el
azúcar. Bien limpio y rociamos toda la
superficie
con alcohol al 70%, bastante abundante por
el fondo. Ya sea esto o una olla que usen.
Siempre laven bien con detergente
después enjuaguen bien con agua caliente
y luego bastante alcohol al 70%, lo dejan
un par de minutos.
Vamos a pasarle a la tapa
y ahora tapamos
hasta que trasvasemos
antes de colocar el azúcar,
vamos a volcar lo que quede de alcohol y
English:
in terms of the container in which
you're gonna do the trasfer now with the
sugar. It´s clean and all the
surface sprinkled
with 70% alcohol, quite abundant for
the bottom. Either this or a pot you use.
Always wash well with detergent
then rinse well with hot water
and then quite a lot of 70% alcohol, We leave it for
a couple of minutes.
The same to the lid.
and now we cover it up
until we transfer
before placing the sugar,
we're gonna dump what's left of alcohol and
Spanish:
de agua de enjuague que pueda tener
esto. El jarabe está frío
Vamos a empezar a trasvasar.
Ahora sí.
Sacamos todo el líquido y vamos a tirar
el jarabe dentro
del recipiente
siempre conviene calcular un gramo más
del que necesitamos, porque
hay jarabe que queda depositado,
en el fondo del recipiente
volvemos a tapar
ahora sí, llegó el momento de retirar
el blow off.
y colocar el sifoncito. Ya sea que usen esto como le mostré.
lo ideal es rociarlo...
English:
water. The syrup is cold
Let's start transferring.
We take out all the liquid and we're going to chuck
the syrup inside
of the container
it's always a good idea to calculate one more gram
than we need, because
there's some syrup left in the pot.
To the bottom of the container
we cover again
Now it's time to retire the
blow off system
and place the siphon. Either you use this as I showed you.
the ideal is to spray it...
English:
no matter how clean it is.
with 70% alcohol
and introduce it
all the way to the bottom.
There it is.
Now I'm gonna put a little bit of tape on it,
up here to avoid unexpected movements
A mug
There it goes. It started going out
I'm going to take a sample
to calculate final gravity. That´s it!
With a refractometer we're going to calculate final gravity (density).
with another piece of tape.
We are going to...
fix the hose to one side.
We place the lid
Spanish:
por más que esté súper limpio
con alcohol al 70%
e introducirlo
hasta el fondo.
Ahí está.
ahora voy a poner un poquito de cinta,
aquí arriba para evitar movimientos
inesperados.
Tacita
Ahí va. Ahí empezó a salir
Voy a tomar una muestra
pequeña para calcular densidad final. Listo
Con refractómetro vamos a calcular densidad final.
con otro pedacito de cinta
vamos
a fijar la manguerita a un costado.
Colocamos la tapa
English:
there has to be the least amount of
oxygenation possible at this time,
that's why what want the beer
to fall on the side, not splash, but go
on one side of the container. It has to transfer without doing
any kind of
splash, so we have the least amount
of contact with air possible. According to the possibilities of our equipment.
Well, now we wait, it´s falling down with no help. We have the final gravity there
6 brix.
Afterwards we will have to
to do the calculation for
to equate Brixes with Balling degrees.
I use Brewer´s Friend
there is a calculator that
facilitates
the final gravity calculation, in Balling
because with the refractometer you can't take
the final gravity, a calculation has to be made.
We already have all the beer transfered
Spanish:
tiene que haber la menor cantidad de
oxigenación posible en este momento, por
eso tratamos de que la cerveza que
empiece a caer, no salpique sino que vaya
por un costadito del recipiente y vaya
bajando sin hacer
ningún tipo de
salpique y que tenga la menor cantidad
de contacto con el aire posible. Dentro
de las posibilidades de nuestros equipos.
Bueno, ahora esperamos, que sólo va a ir
cayendo todo. Tenemos ahí la densidad
final: 6 brix. Después va a haber que
hacer el cálculo para
equiparar los Brix con los grados Balling. En la página de Brewer´s Friend hay una
calculadora que nos
facilita
el cálculo de densidad final, en Balling
porque con el refractómetro no se toma
la densidad final, hay que hacer un cálculo.
Ya tenemos toda la cerveza que pasó.
English:
to our vessel and now we're going to
start bottling.
This is the point where if you don't have this
gadget, it's gonna be kind of messy.
I'll twist this here.
If you use the funnel
you're going to make a little more splashing.
Now I'll show you how this works.
It's coiled.
This was sprayed with 70% alcohol all over.
Several times, I dew it.
Now I'm opening the faucet.
and it starts charging, once it
loads, it brakes, until
we put pressure on the tip to
bottling. The caps that you are going to use,
whether it's 2, 3 or 50 or 100.
before using them, rinse them out.
with warm water. (And a little detergent)
Spanish:
a nuestro recipiente y ahora vamos a
empezar a embotellar.
Este es el punto donde si no tienen este
aparatito, va a ser medio engorroso.
Esto lo enrosco acá.
Si usan el embudo
van a hacer un poquito más enchastre.
Ahora les muestro como funciona esto.
Está enroscado.
Esto estaba rociado con alcohol al 70% todo
el cañito.Varias veces, lo rocío.
Ahora lo que hago es abrir la canilla
y esto empieza a cargar, una vez que
carga la manguera se frena, hasta que
hagamos presión en la punta para
embotellar. Las tapitas que vayan a usar, ya
sean 2, 3 o 50 o 100.
antes de usarlas, hay que enjuagarlas
con agua tibia. (Y un poco de detergente)
Spanish:
Una vez que removimos todo el detergente,
alcohol al 70%.
y listo. Esta es la parte más linda de
todo el proceso. Es bastante engorroso
todo el preparativo de embotellar, pero
necesario mantener la limpieza, la
sanitización. Vamos a empezar con una botella PET, que tiene alcohol 70%
adentro como las otras y sobre
la tapa.
Dejamos caer por si hay algún tipo de agua.
Colocamos la manguerita.
Si lo hacen con embudo:
Traten de salpicar lo menos posible.
Lo que decía: hago presión,
hasta que esté por alcanzar el pico de
la botella.
Ahí suelto, y al sacar...
English:
Once we removed all the detergent,
70% alcohol.
and that's it.
This is the most beautiful part of
the whole process. It's pretty cumbersome
the entire bottling preparation, but
necessary to maintain the cleanliness, the
sanitization. Let's start with a PET bottle, which has 70% alcohol
inside, like the others and over
the lid.
We drop in case there's some kind of water.
We put the hose in.
If you do it with a funnel:
Try to splash as little as possible.
What I was saying: I'm pushing,
until it's about to reach the top of
the bottle.
There I loose, and when I take it out...
Spanish:
al sacarlo no gotea
la botella vacía
tapo, aprieto bien, y esto ya está
listo
para empezar a gasificar. Hay que esperar dos semanas
No hay que ser ansiosos. Como decía:
"La paciencia del cervecero", fundamental.
Sino terminamos tomando cerveza
inmadura, con sabores no deseados. Esto tiene una maduración en
botella también, hasta clarifica en
botella.
La segunda
Esta, así. También funciona bárbaro.
Vamos con otra PET
Recién acabo de probar un poquito de la
muestra
que saqué para el refractómetro,
English:
When you take it out, it doesn't drip
the empty bottle
cap on, I tighten well, and this is ready
to start gasifying. You have to wait two weeks
You don't have to be anxious. As I said:
"The patience of the brewer", fundamental.
Otherwise we end up drinking beer
immature, with unwanted flavors. This has a maturation in
bottle also, it even clarifies in
bottle.
The second
This one, like this. It also works great.
Let's go with another PET bottle.
I've just tried a little bit of the
token
I pulled out for the refractometer,
English:
and the beer is exquisite, boys.
and girls.
Really tight, ready.
Place this where I doesn't get any light. Otherwise the hops spoil.
Especially when the bottles are
transparent or green.
Let's cover up with the capper. So I can
show you how it works.
I've got a bench capper and a hammer capper.
I will use both.
The one I don't have is the manual, with two
handles.
Which is the least functional for me.
Of all of them.
It's a good thing they don't have the labels because that way we see when
we have to stop filling up.
It's at the top, we took out the hose,
It backs a little bit, and we get the
exact measurement.
Spanish:
y está exquisita la cerveza chicos
y chicas.
bien fuerte, listo.
Esto a un lugar donde no le de la luz. Sino se echa a perder el lúpulo.
Sobre todo cuando son envases
transparentes o verdes
Vamos a tapar con la tapadora así
les muestro cómo funciona.
Tengo tapadora de banco y tapadora
martillo. Vamos a usar ambas.
La que no tengo es la manual, con las dos
manijas.
Que es la menos funcional para mí, de
todas.
Está bueno que no tengan las etiquetas porque así vemos cuando
tenemos que parar de llenar.
Está al tope, sacamos la manguerita,
retrocede un poquito, y nos queda la
medida exacta.
Spanish:
Ahora sí, yo voy a usar tapitas reutilizadas,
Si son tapitas nuevas mejor.
Tapadora de banco, se regula con este botón negro a la altura
de cada botella. Tiene que hacer click.
Hacemos un poco de presión
Perfectamente tapada.
Vamos a mostrar ... tapadora martillo.
tapita.. colocamos
Le damos un golpe seco, no muy fuerte.
Sobre una base blanda, de madera.
ahí está
esto tampoco
perfecto!
Voy a terminar de embotellar.
Esto es lo que obtuvimos. 5 litros (1.3gal)
English:
I'm going to use reused caps,
If you have new caps, much better.
Bench capper, is adjusted with this black button to the height
of each bottle. You have to click.
We do a little pressure.
Perfectly capped.
Let's show the... hammer capper.
top... we place it
We hit it hard, not too hard.
On a soft, wooden base.
There it is.
This capped,
Perfect!
I'm gonna finish bottling.
This is what we got. 5 liters (1.3gal)
English:
Good performance, exactly what we had
calculated. We got five liters with
1.5 kg of malt so that´s very good
performance (1.3gal with 3.3lb)
Final gravity, (FG:1.010). I'm going to write it down here.
All right, people,
Good Birras, in the next video I will
do a tasting of this beer.
I can already tell you that it's very good;
That's cool, try making your own beer,
enjoy both brewing and drinking it, and
I'll see you in an upcoming video.
Spanish:
Buen rendimiento, exactamente lo que habíamos
calculado. Sacamos cinco litros con un
kilo y medio de malta o sea que muy buen
rendimiento (1.3gal con 3.3lb)
La densidad final, todavía falta
calcular. Lo voy a anotar por acá abajo.
Bueno gente,
Buenas Birras, en el próximo vídeo voy
a hacer una degustación de esta cerveza.
que ya les anticipo que está buenísima; así
que tranqui, pruébenla. Hagan su birra,
disfruten, tanto hacerla como tomarla, y
bueno, nos vemos en un próximo vídeo.
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que paso chicos?
estas listo para eso?
lo estas?
no no creo que lo estés
no no estas listo
okay admiren al gatito wtf!
ahora, estoy 90% seguro que esta gato tenebroso esta usando nebeda
la nebeda entro directo en su trasero
este video tiene unas 30 mil visitas
y la gente me dice que será un fenómeno del internet
no.. no lo siento en este video
en realidad creo que la gente está sobrevalorando
en especial este
esta expresión del gato esta demasiado tenebrosa
miren eso
parece que tuviera un demonio por dentro
pero por supuesto este demonio entro por su trasero
porque incluso las personas poseídas no hacen ese tipo de expresiones
ok siguiente video y es probable que estén pasando muchas cosas en este video
el video no tiene contexto
solo se que hay un chico que trabaja en KFC y no le gusta que lo filmen
no me grabes
no me grabes
porque me grabas
le tape la cara por razones obvias pero aquí pasan algunas cosas
1) trabajar en sitios de comida rápida apesta
y alguien viene y te graba mientras trabaja.
yo también estaría molesto
no se si tan molesto como para darle
una cachetada de chulo a la registradora
pero grabar a alguien cualquiera en su trabajo
es molestoso
2) el tipo trabajando necesita calmarse
parece tan enojado que podría golpearte en
la cabeza con una alita crujiente de pollo
vamos chico no hay razón para transformarse en "el nazi de la sopa" del KFC
no se nada del video no se si despidieron al chico
pero si fue así deberían recontratarlo. se ve que el chico tiene habilidades con el publico
SILENCIO... TE MATO
no se solo que cuando voy a KFC no quiero ver esa mierda
voy al KFC para hacerme gordo
no me jodas eso
ahora el último video merece un GEEZUS
nunca vi un video ser tan viral tan rápido
tiene que ser algún record
fue subido hace 48 horas
así que tiene 2 días y lleva 10 millones de visitas
este es el escenario
ahí está un vagabundo
y tiene una increíble voz de radio
escuchaste esa vaina?
fue increíble
escuchemos otra vez
estoy totalmente ido
digo la forma en que se ve
sin ofender
pero la forma en que se ve pensé que iba a abrir la boca
y sonar como un "cabeza de crack"
Yo! tengo estas hamburguesas de queso hombre!!
vamos hombre te chupo el ******!
pero no. él tiene una hermosa voz de radio
así que este tipo que se llama ted williams
cuenta un poco de su historia
-la voz vino de un desarrollo de años y fui a la escuela para eso
- y luego el alcohol y las drogas y otras cosas fueron parte de mi vida
-tengo 2 años limpio
odio que haya terminado así pero ley que después que este video se hizo viral
un representante de los cleveland cavaliers lo llamo y ahora esta haciendo los anuncios
de los cleveland cavaliers y también le compraron una casa
y todo paso en menos de 24 horas
GEEZUS!!
oh internet! sabia que eras buena para algo aparte del porno
saben lo que digo es grandioso tiene trabajo ahora... es prácticamente famoso
ahora las chicas estarán sobre el tendrá que usar la voz de radio para algo como
Llame ahora y ud también puede ganar tickets para ver mi ****!
pero ahora que es famoso algunos estarán diciendo
el vagabundo era mucho mejor cuando no tenia trabajo
no estoy jodiendo
pero en serio bien por el tipo que subió el video a YouTube realmente lo ayudo
estoy en serio feliz de que el señor ted williams tenga trabajo con los cleveland cavaliers
digo realmente lo merece
y no en el KFC
pero no él es bueno
y saben que más es bueno
la pregunta del día
que viene por el usuario...
y ella dice
hola ray solo quería decir que me encanta el show y mi pregunta es
si todos saltan como conejos los conejos saltan como?
así que si todos saltan como conejos los conejos saltan como
dejen las respuestas en la sección de comentarios "abajo"
o en Facebook o Twitter
gracias por ver el episodio de hoy de =3
soy ray william johnson y apruebo este mensaje
así que díganme cual es su propósito de año nuevo?
-usar desodorante
-soy chino vuelvo en febrero
traducido por zettorick
subscribete
comenta
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>>Dan Ariely: I want to start with the question
of what can we learn from Buddhism and your
own experience about happiness?
How do we become.
>>Matthieu Ricard:Well, I was thinking about
when the panel started with pleasure, the
relationship between the two.
You know, people speak of magic moments.
Walking in the snow and under the stars with
a wonderful person.
But sometimes this is magic moment, there's
nothing I can do about it, but when you think
about why was it magic?
At that time, it was a sense of having no
inner conflicts, of feeling a bit spacious
with the universe, with a loved one, this
kind of peace.
So it's not that magic.
You can understand why it happened.
So could we consider that as something like
a way of being that we could cultivate as
a skill?
Now, to come back to pleasure, you come back
from this walk in the snow and under the stars
and you take a wonderful hot shower.
It's bliss.
Pleasure.
Now, you stay 24 hours in that hot shower,
it's not so interesting.
So pleasure is very much dependent upon time,
circumstances.
It's something that uses itself as we consume
it.
And if it's -- on top of that you add craving
or grasping, then somehow it dims the feeling
of deep satisfaction.
Actually, you can enjoy something pleasurably,
and in the brain build up the wanting circuit
which is different, and at the end you may
experience something that you want without
feeling pleasure.
That's called addiction.
So in a way --
>>Dan Ariely: Just a moment there.
So you're trying to separate happiness from
pleasure and you say pleasure is much more
temporary and --
>>Matthieu Ricard: Well, pleasure, you look
for pleasurable sensations.
And so those are very vulnerable, let's say,
to outer circumstances.
And basically if you are keeping on trying
to renew that all the time, and this is the
recipe for happiness, it looks more like a
recipe for exhaustion than happiness.
So let's take happiness now as a way of being.
So a way of being that is not just happiness
on its own but a cluster of human qualities.
It is inner peace, inner strength, inner freedom.
It is loving kindness, compassion, friendship,
resilience, inner courage.
And those are things that the more you experience
them, rather than pleasure, the more actually
they get deeper and stronger because it builds
up something.
So in the end you end up with inner resources
to deal with the fundamentals of life, no
matter what happens, that is the opposite
of pleasure.
So it builds a platform in life on which you
come back.
After winning the lottery, you come up, you
even go below.
If it's a drama, you also come back to that
platform, but you raise that platform as a
skill.
So now it's also something that give you a
sense of confidence that you can go through
the ups and downs of life, so, therefore,
you feel less vulnerable, you feel less threatened,
you feel less protective, so you also naturally
will open more to others.
So that element, I think especially the notion
of loving kindness, altruism, compassion,
benevolence, those are key components to generating
happiness.
And it's not necessarily pleasant.
We were talking yesterday while we were taking
a walk that can it be compatible with sadness?
So if it's pleasure, no way.
But you see an injustice, a massacre, it's
incredibly sad.
But you can keep the sense of courage, of
determination to change that, of compassion,
of sense of direction in life, and so you
will treat that in the best possible way,
in a constructive way.
You won't fall into despair.
So it's compatible with what I call a way
of being, which is flourishing and well-being,
even though it's very unpleasant.
So in that sense, it is different.
>>Dan Ariely: Yeah.
Sorry, I want to find out how you do this
because it's interesting -- I mean, it sounds
promising.
So here's my kind of big struggle with pleasure.
There is an analysis of people who have been
climbing mountains.
And when you read these stories about mountain
climbing, they look -- they seem like stories
of pure misery.
You would think it's elation?
No.
First of all, it's very dangerous, but it's
frostbite and hard to breathe and hard to
walk and injuries and so on.
And from these descriptions you say somebody
just did that, and they got to the top.
They will say this was the biggest mistake
of their lives, they'll go down and never
do it again, and from there just try to get
simple pleasures out of life rather than this
horrific experience.
Nevertheless, people finish climbing big mountains,
the Himalayas and they go back and do the
same thing again.
And it's the kind of pleasure that looks to
me like it's not captured day-to-day thinking.
It's a pleasure that comes from achievement,
and it's a pleasure that comes from competition.
It's a pleasure that comes from overcoming
challenges.
It's a pleasure that comes from pain and misery
in some interesting --
>>Matthieu Ricard: You know the idea of flow.
>>Dan Ariely: Yeah.
>>Matthieu Ricard: It is not so much the competition.
I think flow is something that you are fully
engaged in.
You forget yourself.
It's just challenging enough that you have
to put the best of yourself and not too much
that you panic.
So it's not boring and not stressing.
So flow can be achieved through mountain climbing
or a surgeon or an artist.
It could be achieved also through medication.
It's flow without action.
So a continuous stream of experience which
has a quality, a sense of flourishing, that
time takes another value.
When I sit in my hermitage, some people say
it must be so boring sitting months alone
in the hermitage.
Don't you feel lonely?
Doesn't the time seem long?
>>Dan Ariely: You must have access to Paul's
movies when you sit there.
>>Matthieu Ricard: Right.
But I find the time so rewarding.
Just before lunch break, 15 minutes, it's
like a stream of melted gold.
I have this 15 minutes to just go deeper and
trying to generate compassion and all that.
So it is a kind of inner flow.
So I think, really, it's the quality of experience
that will determine over the long time how
you go about that.
>>Dan Ariely: So you have been called the
happiest man in the world, I think.
>>Matthieu Ricard: Sorry.
I have made so many disclaimers about that.
>>Dan Ariely: I don't think you said it.
>>Matthieu Ricard: Forget about that.
>>Dan Ariely: Somebody said it.
Clearly you're very happy.
>>Matthieu Ricard: Not too bad.
>>Dan Ariely: Not too bad.
[ Laughter ]
>>Dan Ariely: So we've tried to kind of think
about what kind of things we do wrong and
how can we do it better.
Spending money, being happy, what kind of
things our intuitions are generally not correct.
And from your experience, what kind of things
actually are making people become happier
and more satisfied?
>>Matthieu Ricard: Typically, you know, the
lottery is studied very much.
The comment, people say, "Oh, of course he's
happy.
I would be happy."
And then you hear of people who have everything
to be happy.
They are beautiful, they are famous, they
have a lot of money and they are very depressed.
"Oh, what's wrong with this guy?
If I had that, I would be very happy."
I think it's too much.
Of course we need to improve the outer conditions.
No question.
Especially there's still 1.5 billion people
living in abject poverty.
There's conflict.
There are mothers who cannot feed their children.
No question that we should improve outer condition
in this world.
This being said, especially when we have what
we need, if we keep on placing all our hopes
and fear in the outer world, we are in for
a big disappointment because precisely, we
when we get it, we say so what?
We expected something wonderful and it is
just ordinary.
So we vastly underestimate the importance
of inner conditions.
We deal with our mind from morning to evening.
That's the ultimate experience of whatever
we do.
Whether you get a Ferrari or something else,
it's your mind that is going to translate
that into happiness or misery.
And that mind can be your best friend or your
worst enemy.
Depends how it works.
So at least if we could pay some attention
of how to deal with the mind, how to deal
with emotions, how to recognize that aggressivity,
hatred, jealousy arrogance, craving will just
destroy your happiness and physically make
you unhappy and will destroy the happiness
of others.
And if you find out that loving kindness,
compassion, cultivating inner peace, the simplicity
of the present moment contribute to flourishing
and then you will be a person that will be
happier to be with and that transformation
will lead you to serve better others, and
then you realize cultivating as skills those
inner conditions matter tremendously.
>>Dan Ariely: I buy it.
So how do you -- I want to be less jealous.
>>Matthieu Ricard: How do you learn chess?
How do you learn to read and write?
How do you learn to juggle or play tennis?
You practice.
So we do have this unconditional love feeling
for a very dear person for 15 seconds or so
and it comes back and goes, but who sits for
30 minutes cultivating loving kindness?
Very few.
We go at 5:00 in the morning --
>>Dan Ariely: We have email all the time.
How do we have time?
>>Matthieu Ricard: You are on this bicycle
that goes nowhere not even in the kitchen
because fitness is good for your health.
Why there's no compassion gymnasium?
My friend Paul Ekman says we should have compassion
gymnasiums every block.
>>Dan Ariely: So give us a specific example.
How do you practice compassion?
>>Matthieu Ricard: Let's say you want to practice
loving kindness.
You start with something easy, someone you
really love so you don't have to try absolutely
have loving kindness for a dictator or something.
Or someone even worse, your next colleague
at the office.
[ Laughter ]
>>Matthieu Ricard: So you start with that,
and you have this natural love and feeling,
embracing and you want only that person to
be happy, be safe, be flourishing in life.
And then instead of giving few thoughts, you
let that fill your mental landscape.
If it declines, you revive it.
And you don't do that just for a few thoughts,
you try to extend that for ten or 15 minutes.
Or you repeat it several times in the day.
>>Dan Ariely: So you think about that person
and all the wonderful things you want.
>>Matthieu Ricard: Not only that but you try
to grow a genuine sense of living.
Not just thinking again.
But it's a trigger.
And then after that, you think, well, I don't
wake up in the morning thinking may I suffer
the whole day and if possible my whole life.
So does that person, so does that person,
so does that person.
So I project myself in your mind, in their
mind, and I say they may be diluted in the
way they try to find happiness in the wrong
place, but basically they don't want to suffer.
So if I value my own happiness and that of
my child, I start valuing them, I see the
interdependence among all sentient beings,
and suddenly I can extend that.
So then comes something that is very rewarding,
is that sense of connectedness, of having
this natural benevolence to others, that readiness
to be of service when occasion comes, and
it suddenly makes it much more fulfilled life.
Experientally, this emotion, loving kindness
and compassion.
Neuroscience will tell you this is the strongest
activation of positive emotion.
>>Dan Ariely: So lets look at a little bit
of data.
Can you share with us a little bit of --
>>Matthieu Ricard: Yes.
If you could show the slide.
So of course we say that this is good for
you.
You sit in these beautiful places.
It's easier to be there.
It disappeared.
>>Dan Ariely: Are we in the way?
>>Matthieu Ricard: Well, it's gone.
You are there, this is the data.
Now it's gone again.
Okay.
Now you are there.
It is good for you.
You can meditate.
It is in a traffic jam.
I don't know why it's running so fast.
I don't know, whatever task.
Then the idea came about 15 years ago to see
what long-term meditators who had done 50-
to 60,000 hours of meditation, like a violinist
will do his first concert, it's 10,000, so
five times that, what will happen if we look
in their brain, in their immune system.
So we took some of those guys, myself included
--
>>Dan Ariely: Can we have the data slides?
>>Matthieu Ricard: Yes.
So that's, for instance, one of the great
teacher that trained us on compassion and
loving kindness.
And then so you can see that it seems to be
some kind of, you know, strength, inner peace,
inner felicity.
They don't seem too much stressed.
Then we took them to Madison, Wisconsin, and
then we tried to measure the brain activity
with electro encephalogram, I won't give you
the details, all with the scanner that the
meditators described as it is cold, it is
noisy, it is dark, it is narrow.
Nevertheless, and we spent two and a half
hours.
This is the first time I came after two and
a half hours upon arrival with Richard Davidson.
But what they found with experienced, you
see the curve below, that is the novice group
that did one week of loving kindness meditation.
The pink line is when they rest, the blue
line is when they meditate.
Nothing happens.
Look at the upper curve.
The bottom line is when they are at rest and
don't do anything specific.
When they engage in compassion meditation,
you see a huge increase, several hundred percent,
in the gamma frequency.
That's huge.
It was so huge that they thought it was an
artifact.
It has to be replicated many times.
If you look in the brain, look on the left
side, the meditator at rest, and when they
engage in compassion, several critical areas
of the brain having to do with empathy, with
parental love, with positive emotion are activated.
On the right, this is novices at rest.
Nothing happened.
Meditation, nothing happened.
That shows the effect of training.
>>Dan Ariely: Let's go back to the previous
slide.
So it tells you that meditators are able to
have basically brain control over compassion?
>>Matthieu Ricard: Yes.
What I was just going to show next, actually,
is if you ask them something strange, to meditate,
30% of compassion, 60%, 90, that seems odd.
I give you 30% of my compassion only because
I don't like you or you, I like very much?
We did it for 22 hours.
It was a marathon.
They did (indiscernible) of three days, fortunately,
and it turns out that those subjective feeling
of 30% of bringing compassion and more and
more, it matches with what is measured in
the brain.
So you can actually just generate brain state
at will.
And similarly, now we could show that that's
fine for 50,000 hour.
Now we show that two weeks can make change
in the brain.
Structurally, it's in hippocampus which, as
you know, integrates novelty when you have
new experiences.
And in many areas of the brain, two weeks,
three weeks, eight weeks, it already makes
structural change.
Neuro plasticity is taking place simply with
30 minutes a day of mind training.
So that is a huge potential as a secular contribution
to society.
It's not going to the hermitage.
It's doing it simply as much as you do physical
fitness, you need to do emotional and mental
fitness.
>>Dan Ariely: That's great.
And as a last question, so you've -- Buddhism
for a long time, have practiced kind, loving
meditation and argued it's correct.
Now neuroscience is showing changes in the
brain is according to both experts and novices.
Why -- Why do you think this is not part of
the human intuition of the modern world that
this is something we should be doing?
Because how many people here meditate?
That's probably a big percentage compared
to a regular audience.
Why do you think this is not something that
people intuit?
>>Matthieu Ricard: First of all, we need to
demystify.
Meditation in Sanskrit is bavla, means to
cultivate or to become familiar with.
So we become familiar with many things but
possibly not the exactly right things for
general flourishing.
So in the eastern tradition, this is part
of life, so not as odd as here.
>>Dan Ariely: Yeah.
>>Matthieu Ricard: So I think it's probably
that we vastly underestimate the potential
of mind to change as skills.
Oh, this is for granted.
I'm like that, take it or leave it but I can't
do much about it.
So that's a loser sort of perspective.
But what neuroscience shows, and that's why
that collaboration is so fruitful, is that
neuro plasticity can happen at all ages and
it start within two weeks and it certainly
makes a difference and in the behavior.
We don't have time, but just now with Richard
Davidson there is a program for preschoolers
-- four, five years old -- eight weeks very
simple training of the (indiscernible) behavior,
gratitude and so forth, and you will be amazed
at the result.
It completely breaks after eight weeks the
in group, out group.
We ask them to give stickers to their best
friend and to the less likely friend in the
class after ten weeks, although at the beginning
they give everything to their best friend.
So simple intervention.
Secular that based on this experience from
the contemplative side that can be an immense
contribution.
We also work, for instance, with burnout.
>>Dan Ariely: I have to stop you.
>>Matthieu Ricard: Yeah.
>>Dan Ariely: This has been fantastic and
inspiring, and I'm looking forward to more.
Thank you very much.
[ Applause ]
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Malayalam:
ക്വാർട്ടർ മാർക്കറ്റ് വില
Kannada:
ಕ್ವಾರ್ಟರ್ಲಿ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಬೆಲೆ
English:
QUARTERLY MARKET PRICE
Hindi:
पूरी तरह से बाजार मूल्य
Marathi:
तिमाही बाजार मूल्य
Telugu:
క్వార్టర్ మార్కెట్ ధర
Gujarati:
ત્રિમાસિક બજાર ભાવો
Panjabi:
ਤਿਮਾਹੀ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ ਕੀਮਤ
Tamil:
காலாண்டு சந்தை விலை
Urdu:
سہ فریقی قیمت
Panjabi:
ਇਕ ਸਾਲ ਦਾ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਨ
Malayalam:
ഒരു വർഷത്തെ മാർക്കറ്റ് പ്രകടനം
Hindi:
एक साल की मार्किट परफॉरमेंस
English:
ONE YEAR MARKET PERFORMANCE
Marathi:
एक वर्षाचा बाजार प्रदर्शन
Gujarati:
એક વર્ષનું માર્કેટ પરફોર્મન્સ
Urdu:
ایک سال کی کارکردگی کا مظاہرہ
Telugu:
ఒక సంవత్సరం మార్కెట్ పనితీరు
Tamil:
ஒரு வருட சந்தை செயல்திறன்
Kannada:
ಒಂದು ವರ್ಷದ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ಷಮತೆ
Marathi:
होल्डिंग नमुना सामायिक करा
Tamil:
ஹோல்டிங் பேட்டர்னைப் பகிரவும்
Hindi:
शेयर होल्डिंग पैटर्न
Urdu:
ہولڈنگ پیٹرن شیئر کریں
Malayalam:
ഹോൾഡിംഗ് പാറ്റേൺ പങ്കിടുക
Gujarati:
હોલ્ડિંગ પેટર્ન શેર કરો
Kannada:
ಹೋಲ್ಡಿಂಗ್ ಪ್ಯಾಟರ್ನ್ ಹಂಚಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
Panjabi:
ਹੋਲਡਿੰਗ ਪੈਟਰਨ ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰੋ
English:
SHARE HOLDING PATTERN
Telugu:
హోల్డింగ్ సరళిని భాగస్వామ్యం చేయండి
Gujarati:
વાર્ષિક અહેવાલો
Marathi:
वार्षिक अहवाल
Malayalam:
വാർഷിക റിപ്പോർട്ടുകൾ
Urdu:
سالانہ رپورٹیں
Hindi:
वार्षिक रिपोर्ट्स
Panjabi:
ਅੰਤਮ ਰਿਪੋਰਟ
Telugu:
వార్షిక నివేదికలు
English:
ANNUAL REPORTS
Tamil:
ஆண்டு அறிக்கைகள்
Kannada:
ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ವರದಿಗಳು
Tamil:
SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS
Marathi:
महत्त्वाचे कृत्य
Urdu:
دستخطی کارنامے
English:
SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS
Hindi:
हस्ताक्षर संबंधी उपलब्धियां
Malayalam:
സിഗ്നിഫിക്കന്റ് നേട്ടങ്ങൾ
Kannada:
ಸಿಗ್ನಿಫಿಕಂಟ್ ಸಾಧನೆಗಳು
Telugu:
సిగ్నిఫికెంట్ సాధనాలు
Panjabi:
ਦਸਤਖਤ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤੀਆਂ
Gujarati:
સહી સિદ્ધિઓ
Malayalam:
ഫിനാൻഷ്യൽ പെർഫോർമൻസ് സംഗ്രഹം
Gujarati:
નાણાકીય પરફોર્મન્સ સારાંશ
Tamil:
நிதி செயல்திறன் சுருக்கம்
English:
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Urdu:
مالی کارکردگی کا خلاصہ
Hindi:
वित्तीय निष्पादन सारांश
Kannada:
ಹಣಕಾಸು ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ಷಮತೆಯ ಸಾರಾಂಶ
Marathi:
फायनान्सल परफॉर्मन्स सारांश
Panjabi:
ਵਿੱਤੀ ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸੰਖੇਪ
Telugu:
ఫైనాన్షియల్ పెర్ఫార్మెన్స్ సమ్మరీ
Malayalam:
ക്വാർട്ടറിനും ഒമ്പത് മാസത്തിനുമുള്ള സാമ്പത്തിക ഫലങ്ങൾ തുടരുന്നു
Gujarati:
ક્વાર્ટર અને નવા મહિના માટેના નાણાકીય પરિણામો ચાલુ રાખ્યા
English:
FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR QUARTER AND NINE MONTHS CONTINUED
Hindi:
क्वार और नौ महीने के लिए वित्तीय परिणाम
Tamil:
காலாண்டு மற்றும் ஒன்பது மாதங்களுக்கான நிதி முடிவுகள்
Marathi:
क्वार्टर आणि नऊ महिन्यांचे वित्तीय परिणाम जारी आहेत
Urdu:
کوارٹر اور نائن ماہ کے لئے مالی نتائج جاری رکھے گئے
Kannada:
ಕ್ವಾರ್ಟರ್ ಮತ್ತು ಒಂಬತ್ತು ತಿಂಗಳುಗಳ ಹಣಕಾಸು ಫಲಿತಾಂಶಗಳು ಮುಂದುವರೆದಿದೆ
Panjabi:
ਕੁਆਰਟਰ ਅਤੇ ਨੌਂ ਮਹੀਨਿਆਂ ਲਈ ਵਿੱਤੀ ਨਤੀਜੇ ਜਾਰੀ ਰੱਖੇ ਗਏ
Telugu:
క్వార్టర్ మరియు తొమ్మిది నెలలు కొనసాగించిన ఆర్థిక ఫలితాలు
Telugu:
Hindi:
Tamil:
Malayalam:
Panjabi:
Kannada:
Gujarati:
English:
Urdu:
Marathi:
Telugu:
కన్సాలిడేటెడ్ లాభం మరియు నష్టం కొనసాగింది
Marathi:
एकत्रित नफा आणि तोटा चालू
Urdu:
متناسب منافع اور نقصانات جاری ہیں
Gujarati:
એકીકૃત નફો અને ગુમાવ્યો ચાલુ
English:
CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS CONTINUED
Kannada:
ಏಕೀಕೃತ ಲಾಭ ಮತ್ತು ನಷ್ಟವನ್ನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
Hindi:
समेकित लाभ और लॉस को नियंत्रित किया
Malayalam:
ഏകീകൃത ലാഭവും നഷ്ടവും തുടരുന്നു
Panjabi:
ਇਕੱਤਰ ਮੁਨਾਫਾ ਅਤੇ ਗੁਆ ਜਾਰੀ ਹੈ
Tamil:
ஒருங்கிணைந்த லாபம் மற்றும் இழப்பு தொடர்கிறது
Panjabi:
Marathi:
Hindi:
Tamil:
Urdu:
Kannada:
Gujarati:
Telugu:
English:
Malayalam:
| {
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so guys pubg has been
banned in india as lets hope it will return
but we dont know yet!
and we need to shift to some other game
so in this video i am going to tell you
top 5 games like pubg / pubg alternatives
which can shift to
and are really good
and are must play!
some games in this list are really underrated
and maybe you have not played yet
so lets start the video!
so guys before starting the video
if you are new to the channel do subscribe
my dream was to reach 100k subs which seems to be in danger
as pubg is now banned
so do help me reach that goal if you can!
also we will put the like target to be 500 likes
so do complete this target!
so lets start the video
the first game is your favourite one only
that is pubg korean / pubg kr
and chances are high that it may not get banned
and we can play our favourite game
this version is totally korean
tencent shares are missing in this version
but there is no official confirmation about this!
so we cant decide its fate
but we have included pubg kr in this list
as its most likely to not get banned
you can download
this from i buttom at top right corner of this video
and this
korean version
is 100% matching to global pubg
i think its 120% of pubg global
because its better than global
so do download it
from the link given above!
now coming to our next game
that is
cod mobile / call of duty mobile
this is one of the best battle royale
game in competition to pubg
but pubg also included cod features
after update
like team deathmatches
so if you wanna experience unique gameplay
do go for cod mobile
its a best option after pubg ban for me!
though they should improve its battle royale mode
still TDM mode is really epic
and much better than pubg mobile
so call of duty deserve a place
in our list
and is the best pubg alternative of all time
and cod wont get banned
as they have ended their partnership
with tencent
and activision owner of cod is a
us based company and is not chinese so no ban!
though it was under review!
so cod is our best bet for now after pubg ban in india!
now coming to the next game
that is last island of survival
this game is really underrated
but when you look down to its features
there are many surprises hidden for you
this game is really fun
this game
will give you the feel of minecraft , fortnite
and pubg mobile in its gameplay
its a real combo of all
so guys if have not tried this game yet
then do give it a try
this game is really addictive and is like pubg also
you can start the grind here!
this is a cool game must try
and deserves a good spot in our list!
but this game is in growing stage
now coming to next game
which is one of the most famous game in india
that is free fire
though i dont like it personally but
this game is must for low end devices
and give pubg like experience at low budget
this game is really cool
and is unique
there are also many characters available in this game
and game is a good alternative of pubg
so you can switch to free fire also
this game is very good for low end devices
so this game deserves a spot in our list
as of now pubg is banned its time to move on to indian games
now coming to our final game
which one of the oldest game
that is clash of clans / coc
this game was one of my favourite
and is one of the oldest game
and is the first game to introduce clan features in android game
which is now common in all games like pubg cod shadow fight 2 etc
they are the creator of clan system global chats etc
and this game is really additive like pubg
and is really good and time killer ofc
now its time to clash on
also their trailers are really good!
and this game is great for low end devices!
so clash of clans desrves a spot in our list of top 5 games like pubg
so this was our list
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Blockchain is the technology of the future!
But when it comes down to trading it doesn't
feel like it.
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to use.
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people trade their crypto assets.
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in just one click!
Traders will be able to chain multiple orders
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This way you can take advantage of trading
opportunities even when you sleep.
Limitlex will also provide fully integrated
portfolio watch for easier growth tracking
and fund-like portfolio management.
But it won't stop here.
We have planned and array of additional functionalities.
Security and customer privacy are our top
priorities.
Our state-of-the-art security protocols are
constantly verified and audited by internal
and external security experts.
Limitlex will also offer a White Label solution
to financial companies.
A joint liquidity pool with white label partners
will offer high liquidity to traders from
the start.
Limitlex - limitless powers of trading!
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Salve ragazzi, io sono Giovanni e sono
un fotoamatore.
Mi piace parecchio smanettare nel mondo della fotografia
realizzando fotografie da studio
Alcuni miei amici mi chiedono come realizzo certe
fotografie ad esempio:
questo genere di fotografia con
l'acqua mossa nel bicchiere
oppure questa qua con l'acqua ricurva
Per fare questa
fotografia ho voluto fare un set molto particolare
di cui vi parlerò in futuro.
Oggi invece vi voglio parlare d un genere di fotografia classico: quello classico della goccia dell'acqua
cioè con lo stelo che e anche voglio spiegarvi come
riesco a far venire l'acqua colorata
senza utilizzare i coloranti.
In questo video vi farò vedere come realizzo in un primo momento un
set e poi dopo successivamente come
scatterò questa fotografia.
Ci vediamo con l'allestimento del set.
Il set è questo qua: abbiamo dei fondali
che posso spostare/modulare a piacere,e fanno i modo da colorare l'acqua insieme anche
al fattore della luce del flash
in cui andrò a mettere delle gelatine che mi danno colore a loro volta.
Poi abbiamo un recipiente di vetro colmo fino all'orlo, scelto proprio di
vetro così la luce può attraversarlo e appunto colorare l'acqua
Sotto abbiamo una vaschetta perchè l'acqua trabocca
volta sopra abbiamo gocciolatoio,
dei pannelini neri che sono messi all'estremo di questo recipiente in modo da
delineare, marcare i
lineamenti della goccia.
Questo gocciolatoio è fatto in maniera fai da te,
è un recipiente a cui
ho applicato un piccolo rubinetto, quelli che vengono usati per gli acquari, un tubicino, un po' di colla a caldo e una tavoletta di legno.
Poi vi
spiegherò come comando il tutto.
La macchina fotografica è messa sullo stativo, la
messa a fuoco manuale
l'ottica abbiamo messo un 105 macro messo in
manuale
e lo stabilizzatore stato disattivato perché la macchina è sullo stativo, il diaframma e a 13
il tempo di scatto t 1/125 e la
sensibilità è a 100 iso.
Ho impostato uno scatto remoto in modo da non toccare la
macchina fotografica
e un trigger che ci pilota il flash in manuale con la potenza di 1/4,
Come scatto remoto uso un Pixel Oppilas (link in descrizione),
come trigger sempre della Yongnuo YN622N (altro link in descrizione) che mi serve a pilotare il flash.
La prima cosa che dobbiamo fare sarà la messa a fuoco.
Prendiamo una matita e l'andiamo a
poggiare in corrispondenza a dove cade la nostra goccia,
abilitiamo il live view della nostra fotocamera, zoommiamo
e andiamo a regolare la messa a fuoco.
Ora vi faccio vedere come
riesco a far cambiare colore
le nostre immagini della nostra goccia
intervenendo su la luce che emana il flash con delle gelatine e cambiando il fondale
vi faccio vedere facendo uno scatto il colore che c'è
in questo momento,
si vede questo rosso e blu
intenso
mettiamo una gelatina di colore diverso...
state vedendo come cambia? Proviamo con un altro fondale
Vedete?
Andiamo a fare uno scatto.
Perfetto è venuta una goccia così.
Comunque io ho fatto degli scatti poco fa,
vi faccio vedere quelli precedenti, come questo qui, guardate che carino!
Quest'altro, sempre i colori sono
diversi perché io ho cambiato sia le gelatine che i fondali.
La nostra fotografia poi l'andiamo a croppare e
facciamo il nostro taglio
Volendo realizzare la foto della goccia che si apre a coroncina dobbiamo
solamente tenere conto di un accorgimento;
non utilizzare il
recipiente colmo d'acqua ma
uno con circa un centimetro d'acqua e si formerà l'effetto appunto della coroncina.
Esistono altri sistemi per fotografare
e realizzare la goccia che
si apre a ombrello ma la
abbiamo di bisogno di utilizzare un altro tipo di
sistema ed con sempre lo stesso recipiente
però
il controllo della goccia siete bisogno di un elettrovalvola che apre e
sincronizza più gocce che cadono
in maniera tale che la goccia che noi
riusciamo ad ottenere con lo stelo
si vada a scontrare con un'altra goccia che cade
e fa quell'effetto dell'ombrello.
Va beh questo è il mio set e la mia
spiegazione per realizzare questo tipo di fotografie.
Spero che vi possa tornare utile come lo è stato con me
Spero in oltre in futuro di poter fare
qualche altro video se questo poi verrà apprezzato.
Vi saluto a tutti quanti, un saluto da PhotoGio! :)
Ciao!
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SPOKANE VALLEY POLICE ARE LOOKING FOR A GROUP OF BURGLARS
WHO LOOTED THE HOME OF A FAMILY WHO'VE DEVOTED THEIR
LIVES TO HELPING OTHERS WORKING AS MISSIONARIES.
TONIGHT IN A STORY YOU'LL ONLY SEE ON KXLY FOUR, JEFF
HUMPHREY JOINS US LIVE AT THE SPRAGUE AVENUE WALMART,
WHERE THE THIEVES WASTED LITTLE TIME TRYING TO CASH
IN ON THEIR TAKE.
JEFF??
THESE WERE CLASSIC DAYLIGHT BURGLARS WHO QUICKLY UNWRAPPED
THE CHRISTMAS PRESENTS THEY STOLE AND JAMMED OVER
HERE TO WALMART TO SPEND GIFT CARDS BEFORE THE VICTIMS
COULD CANCEL THEM.
WALMART HAS THE THIEVES ON SURVEILLANCE VIDEO.
THE RAMSEY FAMILY NEEDS THEIR STUFF BACK SO THEY CAN
CONTINUE THEIR MISSIONARY WORK IN CHINA.
FOR 30 YEARS NOW, THE RAMSEY FAMILY HAS TRAVELED TO,
EVEN LIVED IN CHINA AS PART OF THEIR FAR FLUNG MINISTRY
THAT FOCUSES ON THEIR FAITH AND HELPING DEAF CHILDREN.
LEROY RAMSEY 27;03 we're teachers and so we went as
english teachers and we just share our faith as the
opportunities come about and they do.
god opens those doors really easily.
27;12
IN ALL THOSE YEARS ABROAD THE RAMSEYS NEVER HAD ANYTHING
STOLEN.
BUT ONCE BACK STATESIDE, SOMEONE KICKED THROUGH THEIR
FRONT DOOR IN A DAYLIGHT CHRISTMAS EVE BURGLARY.
28;13 and so we were all out for three hours.
just getting some food for christmas dinner and things
like that.
we weren't gone long at all.
so it was a bit of a shock to come walking in and
the first thing i saw was under the christmas tree,
every present was gone 28;28
SO WERE THE LAP TOPS AND COMPUTERS THE RAMSEYS USE
DURING THEIR MISSIONARY WORK IN ASIA AND THE SERMONS
THEY OFFER HERE IN SPOKANE.
32;18 he teaches and preaches some at our church,
the spokane deaf church with an interpreter, and so
all that's on his computer.
my computer had all my ministry work with a deaf program
in china called hearts and hands 32;39
THE RAMSEYS SAY REPLACING THE ELECTRONICS WILL BE
EXPENSIVE.
THE THIEVES ALSO STOLE THE COUPLE'S PASSPORTS ROBBING
THEM OF THEIR ABILITY TO KIDS IN CHINA.
JANE RAMSEY 29;41 because we do travel back and forth
a lot internationally with our ministry, losing our
passports, we just got new ones last year that were
good for ten years.we just got our china visas that
were good for ten years, so we have to start from
scratch 29;56
THE RAMSEY'S TOOK THE TIME TO RECORD THE SERIAL NUMBERS
OF THEIR VALUABLES SO IF THEY ARE PAWNED OR RECOVERED
IN STOLEN PROPERTY RAID THOSE ITEMS WILL BE RETURNED
TO THEM.
IF YOU GOT A NEW BIKE , CHAINSAW OR HANDGUN FOR CHRISTMAS,
TAKE TIME THIS WEEKEND TO WRITE THOSE SERIAL NUMBERS
DOWN.
REPORTING IN SPOKANE, JEFF HUMPHREY, KXLY FOUR.
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music
ooh gurrrl wont u stop
wont u stop treating
h u h
o honey honey pie
honey honey honey p i e
ooh girl wont you stop wont u stop treating
h u h
o honey honey pie
honey honey honey p i e
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Slovenian:
Ali ste vedeli, da se čebel prav zdaj pogovarjajo med sabo?
Čebele uporabljajo vijuganje in kroženje, da povejo kje je paša
in o razdalji do paše.
Recimo, da ste čebela v čebelnjaku in
druge čebela odleti in išče pašo. Na poti najdejo cvet poln
cvetnega prahu. Odleti nazaj v panj in pove drugim čebelam, kje je ta cvet.
Sporoči razdaljo, smer in količino cvetnega prahu.
Najprej hodi cik cak, otresa z zadkom zelo hitro, medtem ki hodi v
ravni liniji. Ko pride do konca, obrne na levo in gre nazaj na
začetek.Pinovno vijuga, nato obrne na desno in spet na začetek, ponovno vijuga in obrne
na levo... Pravi elektronski čebelji ples.
Najbolj zanimivo pa je to, da se hitrost vijuganja spreminja to pa predstavlja
Spanish:
¿Sabes que las abejas son capaces de comunicarse entre ellas y lo están haciendo ahora mismo?
La abeja realiza un danza en forma de ocho mientras su abdomen y alas vibran.
Baila para compartir información sobre la ubicación
y la distancia de un punto de interés cercano.
Digamos que estás en el interior en una colmena, y
tu amiga la abeja exploradora sale a libar.
En su viaje encuentra una flor llena de
polen. La abeja exploradora vuelve e informa a toda la colmena dónde está
la flor.
¿Cómo? Distancia y dirección.
Hace un movimiento de sacudidas, sacudiéndose de nuevo atrás y
adelante muy rápido mientras camina en
linea recta. Cuando ella llega al final,
gira a la izquierda, vuelve en círculos al
comienzo. Corre de nuevo mientras se sacude, ahora gira a la derecha,
De vuelta al inicio, corre de nuevo, gira
a la izquierda ... te da una idea?
Lo que es realmente genial es que la longitud de
esta carrera de movimiento varía, y varía en una
English:
Did you know that bees are out there talking
to each other right now?
The honeybee performs a waggle and rotation
dance to share information about the location
and distance of a nearby point of interest.
Let’s say you’re stuck in a beehive, and
your friendly hive busy bee goes out foraging.
On her journey she finds a flower full of
powdery pollen. She heads back to tell you
and the rest of the hive where this
flower is.
How? Distance and direction, my friend.
She makes a waggle run, shaking it back and
forth real fast while she kind of walks in
this straight line. When she gets to the end,
she turns to the left, circles back to the
start. Waggle run again, now turn to the right,
back to the start, waggle run again, turn
to the left… got the idea? Do we really
need like a whole electronic bee dance mix?
What’s really cool is that the length of
this waggle run varies, and it varies in a
Chinese:
你知道蜜蜂在外頭正彼此交談嗎？
蜜蜂進行搖擺和旋轉
跳舞，分享有關位置的信息
和附近景點的距離。
假設你被困在一個蜂箱中，並且
你蜂巢中友善而繁忙的蜜蜂出去覓食。
在她的旅程中，她發現了一朵鮮花
粉狀花粉。她回頭告訴你
和其餘的蜂巢花是在哪裡。
如何告訴？距離和方向，我的朋友。
她搖搖晃晃地搖著
當她走進去的時候真的很快
這條直線。當她走到盡頭，
她轉向左邊，回到了圓圈
的一開始。 再一次搖擺走動了，現在轉向右邊，回到開始，再次搖擺，轉身
到左邊...知道了嗎？我們真的嗎？
需要像整個電子蜜蜂舞蹈混合？
真正酷的是它的長度
這個搖擺不定的運行方式各不相同
Spanish:
distancia que está relacionada con la exploración de las abejas. Destino más cercano, meneo más corto.
De hecho, cada segundo de movimiento en sacudidas,
la abeja te dice que viajes 1km. Asi que,
tenemos kilómetros y millas y abejas
que se sacuden sacudidas?
Muy bien, 1 kilómetro, listos para salir! Pero ir adónde?
Como en una brújula, arriba está el punto de
referencia, que es el sol. Arriba significa hacia
el sol. El ángulo de la carrera de movimiento le dice
dónde se mantiene el sol en el cielo mientras
vuela. Combina ese ángulo con tu distancia,
y estas listo para viajar.
Información adicional que podría aparecer en la danza
de sacudirse y girarse podría ser la familiaridad:
algunas abejas experimentadas pueden prestar especial atención
al olor de una flor familiar si la abeja bailarina está impregnada de él.
O tal vez, un peligro, con la abeja bailarina dando vueltas.
mientras hace menos giros si el destino
es peligroso.
Si comparamos otras abejas en otras partes
Slovenian:
oddaljenost od cveta. Bližje je cvet, krajše so vijuge.
V bistvu pomeni, vsako sekundo, ko traja vijuganje, je 1 km.
Dobro, 1 kilometer, ampak kje? Čebele se orientirajo po soncu.
Gor pomeni naprej proti soncu. Kot vijuganja pove, kje naj bo sonce
na poti do cveta medtem ko išete cvet. Ta kot v kombinacijo z razdaljo pove točno
kam je potrebno leteti. Drugi podatki so mogoče skriti
v vijuganju in tresenju zadka, a izkušenejše čebele so pozorne
na vonj po cvetu, ki prihaja iz plesoče čebele.
Ali pa zaznajo nevarnost, če čebela naredi manj vijug
Če je lokacija nevarna.Če primerjamo čebele na različnih koncih
English:
way that’s precisely related to bee travel
distance. Closer destination, shorter waggle.
In fact, with every second a waggle run lasts,
the bee’s telling you to travel 1km. So,
what, we have kilometers and miles and bees
have waggle waggles?
Okay, 1 kilometer, ready to go! But go where?
Like a compass, up is the bee’s point of
reference, which is the sun. Up means towards
the sun. The angle of the waggle run tells
you where to keep the sun in your sky while
you travel. Combine that angle with your distance,
and you’re ready to go!
Other info might be actually hiding in this
“shake ’n rotate” routine, like familiarity:
experienced bees might pay particular attention
to the smell of a familiar flower coming off
the dancer.
Or maybe danger, with the dancer circling
around to do fewer waggle runs if the destination
is a dangerous target.
If we compare other bees in other parts of
Chinese:
這種方式與蜜蜂旅行距離完全相關。越近的目的地，就越短的搖擺。
事實上，每一秒都有一個搖擺不定的運行，蜜蜂告訴你旅行1公里。所以，
什麼，我們有公里，英哩，而蜜蜂
則有搖搖晃晃的搖擺？
好的，1公里，準備好了！但去哪裡？
像指南針一樣，向上是蜜蜂的對照
參考，也就是太陽。向上意味著
向著太陽。搖擺運行的角度告訴我們
在旅行途中，你在哪裡可以保持太陽在你
的上空。將這個角度與你的距離相結合，
你現在準備好了！
其他信息可能實際上隱藏在此
“搖動'旋轉”例程，就像熟悉：
經驗豐富的蜜蜂可能會特別注意
到了熟悉的花朵的氣味
舞者降下來
或者可能是危險，舞者在盤旋
如果目的地，周圍做更少的搖擺運行
是一個危險的目標。
如果我們比較其他部分的其他蜜蜂
Slovenian:
sveta, najdemo različne dialekte vijuganja in verjetnost učenja v zaprti skupnosti.
Neverjetno kaj vse zmore naša čebelica.
Spanish:
del mundo, incluso encontramos dialectos y variedades de este baile y
la posibilidad de aprendizaje social.
Todo esto es lo que hay que adquirir, pequeña abejita.
¡No olvides suscribirte por el idioma!
Chinese:
在世界上，我們甚至找到了搖擺的方言和
社會學習的可能性。
小蜜蜂可以接受很多東西。點擊
嗡嗡聲談到動物交流，和
別忘了訂閱語言！
English:
the world, we even find waggle dialects and
the possibility of social learning.
That’s a lot to take in, little bee. Click
to buzz on over to animal communication, and
don’t forget to subscribe for language!
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- We close with an essay.
Novelist, Jennine Capo
Crucet, grew up in Miami
and attended Cornell
University in upstate New York.
In addition to adjusting
to the cold Jennine learned
to navigate campus as a first
generation college student.
Tonight she shares thoughts
on why colleges need
to do better at welcoming
students like her.
- It took me going away
to college to learn
that by doing so I'd
become something called
a first generation college student.
This means I was the first in
my family to go to college,
but it also meant I had no
idea how much I didn't know.
For instance, my family
stuck around for all
of Freshman orientation
because the paperwork
about move-in day didn't explicitly state
when they should leave.
So, we assumed they needed
to be there the whole week.
Long after other families
had taken off mine was still
following me around as
I registered for classes
or during the school mandated swim tests.
I was glad to have them
there, but it did make
for some awkward meals in the dining hall.
Aside from going to class I had no roadmap
for what I was supposed
to do as a newly minted
college student.
I navigated those first
weeks by carefully watching
what I thought of as real
students, those whose parents
had gone to college, who'd
gotten a lifelong rundown
of what was in store.
That's how I knew to wear
flip flops in the shower
or take notes in class or
that the visits to the writing
center were covered by tuition.
But, there was still a lot I
couldn't figure out this way.
For instance, I dropped
a class after realizing
the textbooks would cost
a couple hundred dollars.
By the time I learned that
professors often put books
on course reserve it was
too late to add it back
that semester, or like when
my professor kept saying,
see me in office hours as if
we all knew what that meant.
But, it took a bad grade on
a paper for him to explain
to me what office hours were.
He was just waitin'
around in one place ready
to answer all my questions.
What could my college have
done to show me how much
I needed to know without
making me feel dumb
or out of my league in the process?
This is where well meaning
administrators usually start
throwing around the word, mentorship.
But, too many colleges
still think of mentoring
as just meetings between
two people, one who knows
some stuff and another who
doesn't yet know that stuff.
Technically, I had a mentor
my first year at college,
but when I finally met him
he didn't seem to understand
how confused I was, in part
because he came from a long
line of college going folks.
He didn't know how much
I didn't know either.
Formal mentors, like the
one my college assigned me,
need to be first generation
college students themselves,
or have been trained by
people intimately familiar
with the challenges students like me face.
They need to do more than
send us concerned emails.
They need to knock on our
literal doors and they should
be compensated for their
work as mentors, not asked
to volunteer or serve out
of some sense of obligation
to help out a past version of themselves.
They need to be concretely
valued for the resource
they are, for the unique
survival skills they
bring to campus.
I now work as a novelist
and believe it our not,
a professor.
Whenever I'm in front of
a group of new readers
or students I ask those who
identify as first generation
college people to raise their hands.
I then congratulate them.
I tell them how much it
means to me to meet them
and I tell them that I'm one of them,
but later after whatever
talk or lecture I've given
there's almost always
someone who comes up to me
and admits they didn't raise
their hand because they
didn't know being a first
generation college student
was a fact they could be proud of.
Only then do I admit to
them something I know
that they don't.
When I was in their place
I wouldn't have raised
my hand either.
- You can find more of
our essays on our website
at pbs.org/newshour/essays.
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English:
.
German:
Die Heizzonen können unabhängig und in beliebiger Kombination betrieben werden
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Hey, this is a kind of interesting, so some
of you may know that I've been listening to
the Howard Stern show for more than 20 years
when I used to, when I first got my license
in high school, even before then, I would
in the car listen to Howard stern when he
was on terrestrial radio.
He's of course now on Sirius Xm radio and
one of Howard Stern's producers is named Brent
Hatley and he is not only a producer for the
Howard stern show, but he also follows the
David Pakman show.
Brent and I have been in touch for like a
year or two online and I was listening to
the Howard stern show earlier this week.
Uh, and they were talking about how Brent
has been fainting in certain situations and
then recovering pretty quickly.
And as I was listening to it, the circumstances
sounded pretty similar to what I've experienced
in my life.
I had some fainting incidents as a kid and
then just a couple of years ago, our audience
might remember that I actually fainted on
a plane coming back from Italy.
And, uh, it sounded, what I experienced sounded
very similar to what Brent had been experiencing
and I had a cardiology workup to make sure
that my heart was okay.
And it was chalked up to what are called Vasovagal
syncope that have usually been a combination
of having alcohol and coffee in close proximity
to each other at high elevation or on a plane,
which is pressurized to depending on the plane,
somewhere between five and 8,000 feet of elevation.
And so I've stopped doing that and I've been
okay since.
And I told Brent, this is what it sounds like.
And uh, eventually this got me a mention on
the Howard stern show and it's sort of weird
because I medical advice, I was telling Brent
this is how I experienced it and it was very
funny to tune in and to hear Brent say that
David Pakman mentioned that it sounds like
Vasovagal syncope.
Take a listen to this.
Brent, do you ever get a day job boot type
of feeling before you pass out?
That's evidentaly one of the feelings if you
have basil bag, go psychopaths Howard.
I think the Vassar Bagel is the one that Fred
fix.
He may have told him, well, the best advice
I saw out of all the email Brent should see
a cardiologist.
He said they were full workup.
Right.
I had a pacemaker put in at the age of 37.
It was due to my heart not beating for 12
to 16 seconds at a time.
Eye Condition is called complete heart block.
The electrical signals would not pass through
my heart to cause the muscle to pump.
Yeah.
I like, um, you know, this listener says any
doctor would, any good doctor would refer
Brent to a neurologist and a cardiologist.
Full workup.
After passing out.
He kept saying he's fit so they aren't worried
about his heart.
I call bullshit.
Heart issues have nothing to do with fitness.
Yeah.
I don't even think that Brent really went
to a doctor.
Yeah.
I don't know that this person who said smoke
all the pot.
You want.
Yeah.
I mean he found a doctor who feel good.
Yeah.
I think Brent is a hypochondriac.
Well, I think if he's passing out, I don't
proof.
Yeah.
Something could be wrong.
This guy goes, Brenda is a hypochondriac.
All those fainting episodes or fake Brent
is going through a full on midlife crisis.
It's obvious he's going to faint.
It wouldn't be so bad if it happened while
he was on the air boy, a lot of uh, medical,
uh, information.
I did make an appointment with the cardiologist
I talked to.
I talked to one yesterday.
Yes.
And he's going to see me in early July.
He's going to get me in.
So thank you to the show for that because
yes, because that got me into a really good
doctor here in Manhattan.
I, you know, you know, a full workup is a
good idea, pal.
That's what, that's what he said.
He said we're going to do a full workup to
make sure there's no serious heart issues
cause it sounds like a cardiovascular issue.
Yes.
Well look, you know, by the way, Brent refuses
to quit weed for three months.
In fact, there was a post show interview yesterday
that I heard that and can make me a little
sad.
Brent, when I heard this, let me, let me play
it for everyone.
So are you gonna take Howard's advice?
Uh, no.
Why?
Oh, I got stuff coming up that I want to do
and I, uh, you know what, I'd rather have
a medical issue than deal with the, the world.
Why don't you want to deal with the world?
You can just take a look around.
The world is an awful depressing, horrible
place to deal with.
So, you know, marijuana has that in it called
pocket.
Huh?
I've lived a good life.
So if this is a, if I'm not long for this
world, then fine, but if not, Eh, I'm just,
I just do not want to deal with reality,
you know, a or I have found that a lot of
people who say, Hey, you know, and I, I've
lived long enough if, uh, if that's the way
it is, that's the way.
And then as soon as they get diagnosed with
some data, first would you go, I don't want
to die.
You know what I mean?
You don't want to die.
No, I really don't.
Um, but I do actually feel a lot better.
Yesterday after talking to the, you know,
one of the guys that works in my office, not
Julie, his wife has basil Bagel and she talked
to me yesterday, which got me to talk to a
cardiologist and there's a radio guy, I know
a David Pakman sent me a DM and said that
he has basil Bagel.
Right.
And it sounds like the same thing.
So this cardiologist said, let's do a full
workup, let's make sure that's what it is.
Yeah, you're talking pal.
So there it is.
I, I guess I don't even know that there's
that much more to say about it.
It's interesting.
Hopefully Brent gets good news from his cardiologist.
Uh, it is much better to have a Vasovagal
incidents or a tendency to them then to have
some kind of more serious heart issue.
And when I had to wear this a 30 day heart
monitor, which coincided with when I had to
fly back and forth from Las Vegas to this
conference that I go to with other progressive
media hosts and go through airport security
with this heart monitor.
It was a mess.
But my real concern was I hope that I'm not
having this fainting issue because my heart
is stopping for a few seconds altogether.
And I got a clean bill of health and was told
don't drink alcohol and coffee when you're
at elevation.
And uh, that's basically been it.
Knock on wood since then and hopefully Brent
gets the same.
Uh, same
good news.
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