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5375027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Browning | Susan Browning | Susan Browning (born Susan Brown; February 25, 1941 – April 23, 2006) was an American actress.
Early years
Browning was born Susan Brown in Baldwin, New York, and graduated from Baldwin High School in 1958. She attended Penn State University where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta and graduated with a bachelor's degree in theater arts in 1962. She changed her last name to differentiate herself from another actress named Susan Brown.
Career
After Browning finished college, she acted with the Equity Library Theatre. Impresario Julius Monk saw her in a musical production there and signed her for a revue, Dime a Dozen, at Plaza 9. She was in that show for a year and left to make her debut on Broadway in Love and Kisses.
Browning was nominated for two Tony Awards: for Best Actress in a Musical for Company in 1971 and for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Goodtime Charley in 1975. She was also featured on Broadway in the musicals Big River and Shelter, as well as several plays.
Browning played one of the nuns in the 1992 movie Sister Act, as well as its 1993 sequel Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit. Her television work included appearances on Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, Law & Order, All My Children, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, The Monkees, The Girl From U.N.C.L.E., and The Wild Wild West.
Death
Browning died on April 23, 2006, in New York City after a brief illness, according to friends in the theatre community. She was 65 years old.
Filmography
References
External links
1941 births
2006 deaths
American film actresses
American stage actresses
Pennsylvania State University alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American women
Broadway theatre people |
4039693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50%20Ways%20of%20Saying%20Fabulous | 50 Ways of Saying Fabulous | 50 Ways of Saying Fabulous is a 2005 New Zealand drama film directed by gay director Stewart Main and starring Jay Collins and Andrew Patterson. It is based on a novel by Graeme Aitken. The film premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. It received negative reviews and had little success at the New Zealand box office. In spite of this, the film did however win the Special Jury Award at Italy's Turin International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival in 2005.
Premise
The film deals with a young farmer's son named Billy, who does not appreciate his terrestrial life, and instead wishes to explore outer space. As the story develops, Billy struggles with his homosexuality and his changing relationships with those around him.
Cast
References
External links
Review from the New York Times
NZ On Screen page
2005 films
2005 drama films
2000s English-language films
Films based on New Zealand novels
New Zealand LGBT-related films
Films set in New Zealand
LGBT-related drama films
2005 LGBT-related films
Gay-related films
New Zealand drama films |
4039699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin%20Hills%20Dam%20disaster | Baldwin Hills Dam disaster | The Baldwin Hills Dam disaster occurred on December 14, 1963, in the Baldwin Hills neighborhood of South Los Angeles, when the dam containing the Baldwin Hills Reservoir suffered a catastrophic failure and flooded the residential neighborhoods surrounding it.
It began with signs of lining failure, followed by increasingly serious leakage through the dam at its east abutment. After three hours, the dam breached and “it took only 77 minutes for all the water to pour out into Cloverdale Avenue, La Brea Avenue, La Cienega and Jefferson Boulevard.” The collapse resulted in a release of , causing five deaths and the destruction of 277 homes. Damage totaled $12 million and the disaster caused a water shortage for 500,000 people. Some 16,000 people lived in the flooded area. Vigorous rescue efforts averted a greater loss of life.
The reservoir was constructed on a low hilltop between 1947 and 1951 by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, directly on an active fault line, which was subsidiary to the well-known nearby Newport–Inglewood Fault. The underlying geologic strata were considered unstable for a reservoir, and the design called for a compacted soil lining meant to prevent seepage into the foundation. The fault lines were considered during planning, but were deemed by some, although not all, of the engineers and geologists involved as not significant.
The former reservoir is now part of the Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area. A plaque was placed at the site on the 50th anniversary of the disaster in 2013.
Fatalities
The five fatalities were Hattie Schwartz, Maurice Clifton Carroll, Arch Young, Orra G. Strathearn, and Archie V. MacDonald.
Strathearn, 70, was a legal secretary whose employer reported her missing
MacDonald, 70, was executive director of the Los Angeles Furniture Mart. “A pair of glasses found Sunday in Ballona Creek by a Culver City youth were identified by McDonald’s eye doctor as his.”
Schwartz, 73, was a resident of Village Green, she was found in her car in a ditch near Rodeo and La Brea
Maurice Clifton Carroll, 60, was also a resident of Village Green; his body was found several blocks away
Arch Young, 58, of Village Green was found in a pile of rubble about 1200 meters from his home
Significance and diagnoses of the failure
The failure of the Baldwin Hills Reservoir received an exceptional amount of attention from the civil engineering community and remains the subject of continuing interest. The reservoir had been conceived, designed, and built during and after World War II, a time when the pace of dam building was accelerating even as some disastrous dam failures were occurring, indicating a need for safer technologies. The builder of the Baldwin Hills dam, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, was aware of the difficult geologic conditions presented by the site and knew from past experiences, notably the catastrophic failure of the St. Francis Dam in 1928 in which over 400 people lost their lives, the serious consequences of a failure, even of a small reservoir in an urban setting. While dams were recognized as potentially dangerous, like nuclear technologies, they were also considered by Americans as a showcase technology—a means of fending off danger and spreading progressive American technologies and associated social benefits at home and abroad.
The Baldwin Hills dam designer, engineer Ralph Proctor, had also worked as an assistant civil engineer for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power on the failed St. Francis Dam, and had subsequently devised new methods of producing compacted earth fill in building its replacement. Proctor aggressively proceeded with the Baldwin Hills project even in the face of safety concerns and disagreements over important design details raised within his own department.
Late in 1963, when the Baldwin Hills failure occurred, coincidentally also happened to be the time of another notable public disaster. Only two months before, at the Vajont Dam in Italy, a massive landslide into the reservoir created a seiche, which overtopped the dam, thereby flooding the valley below and causing the deaths of about 2000 people.
The Baldwin Hills Reservoir had been built, as were others, to assure an ample supply of safe water for the people of Los Angeles in case of a catastrophe such as an earthquake, fire, or war, and its failure was a blow to engineering confidence and the subject of many writings and two professional conferences (1972 and 1987, see references). The failure occurred shortly after the death of the authoritative Harvard engineer Karl Terzaghi, whose ideas had long dominated both earth dam engineering and the engineering science of soil mechanics; Terzaghi had also made significant contributions to understanding subsidence in oilfields. This left the assessment of the Baldwin Hills failure in the hands of a new generation of engineers, some of whom took on conflicting roles as experts in various lawsuits.
The design and construction of the dam had been inspected and approved by the California Department of Water Resources. A meticulously documented study published by that agency in 1964—while pointing out various connections between oilfield operations in the Inglewood Oil Field and ground disturbances in the area, including beneath the reservoir and at some distance from the reservoir—concluded rather vaguely that the failure was due to "an unfortunate combination of physical factors".
The monetary damages resulting from the failure were large, and some of the investigations that followed the state study were sponsored by litigants seeking more specific conclusions relevant to legal liability. This drew attention to oilfield operations in the area. From the outset, the ground faulting and fault creep which destroyed the reservoir were probably related to the many feet of ground subsidence that had occurred a half mile west of the reservoir over decades of oil extraction in the Inglewood field. The oilfield-related subsidence in the Inglewood field, though generally denied by the oil companies as a legal policy, was documented exhaustively by the US Geological Survey in 1969. Subsidence following oil extraction from shallow deposits in unconsolidated sediments had been understood by oil industry experts since the 1920s.
Following the discovery in 1970 by geologist Douglas Hamilton of faulting and surface seepage of oilfield waste brines along the fault, which traversed and extended south of the reservoir, Hamilton and Meehan concluded that oilfield injection for waste disposal and improved recovery of oil, a new technology at the time, was a significant cause of the failure, triggering hydraulic fracturing and aggravating movements on a fault traversing the reservoir even on the day of the failure. Subsequently, the US Geological Survey concluded in 1976 that displacements at the ground surface causing reservoir failure and ground cracking in the Stocker-LaBrea area southeast of the reservoir were 90% or more attributable to exploitation of the Inglewood oil field, and that this faulting was likely aggravated by water flooding with pressures exceeding hydraulic fracturing levels.
By 1972, nearly a decade after the failure, the immediate legal issues had been settled out of court and the matter was reopened as a topic of discussion among investigators in a published engineering conference at Purdue University.
Engineer Thomas Leps, who had served as consultant on the 1964 state investigation, took on a role as neutral reviewer in this and most subsequent American studies of the failure. Leps concluded that about 7 inches of offset had occurred on the fault beneath the reservoir during its life, about 2 inches of which had occurred in the months just before the failure. Leps associated the latter with repressurization of the oilfield. This, along with stretching of the ground due to subsidence of about 12 feet from oil extraction, had caused the lining failure that doomed the reservoir.
Some prominent consultants, including those on a team led by Arthur Casagrande, Harvard successor to Karl Terzaghi, held that oilfield operations were not a significant influence at all, but that the failure was the result of defective siting and design with the heavy weight of the dam and reservoir being the significant cause of the fatal foundation movement. This view exonerated the oil companies, namely Standard Oil, which had sponsored the study. Casagrande refused to acknowledge any ground movements in the area as being related to oilfield operations and argued that ground movements that affected the dam were found only beneath the reservoir, not in adjoining areas.
Most of these questions were examined once again in 1986 following investigations of a suspiciously similar major failure of the Bureau of Reclamation's Teton Dam in June 1976, and a near failure of the Department of Water and Power's Lower Van Norman Dam in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Professor Ronald Scott of Caltech, who had participated in the Casagrande studies, noted at a follow-up 1987 conference on Baldwin Hills that Casagrande had ignored or been unaware of ground movements clearly unrelated to the reservoir (e.g. those at Stocker-LaBrea) in his analysis. Another engineer, Stanley Wilson—who had also worked with Casagrande on the 1972 studies and supported the claim that oilfield subsidence was an insignificant cause—now conceded that analogous ground offsets extended well outside the reservoir area, notably in the Stocker-LaBrea area, so that the reservoir and other fault movements could not be attributed to the reservoir itself—thus tacitly attributing responsibility for the failure to oilfield operations. Hence, the opinions on the role of oilfield subsidence and repressurization appeared to converge.
The issue of oilfield causation was a central theme in most of these discussions, with little attention having been directed to the details of the failure. The absolute necessity of a lining for this site was generally taken for granted in these proceedings even as it had been by Proctor himself, regardless of the fact that almost all earth dams perform satisfactorily without linings. Some suggestions as to possible preventive design and construction techniques that might have made the dam safer were raised to engineering consensus and reached a state of textbook knowledge in the late 1980s. For example, the character of the compacted earth lining (which had been regularly referred to as clay, but must have been substantially silt and sand, having been derived from the local Inglewood formation) was raised, if obliquely, in the suggestion made in the end that improved performance might have come from the use of a different lining material.
In 2001, a new angle on failure analysis was introduced by Mahunthan and Schofield, who concluded that overcompaction of the dam fill and lining was a significant aggravating factor in both the Baldwin Hills and Teton failures. This assertion was based on Schofield's concepts of critical-state soil mechanics, a corollary of which was that heavily compacted but lightly confined soils could be dangerously unstable where seepage forces were present. This issue had not been raised in the previous American-dominated discussions and remains in some degree contrary to American ideas in both theoretical soil mechanics and practical geotechnical engineering. In fact, the 1964 DWR failure study implied that heavy compaction was a favored technique for earth dam construction, and this assumption appeared not to have been reexamined over the 25 years of post-failure investigation and discussion.
The failure of the reservoir has been a subject of ongoing interest in the field of dam-breach studies. A recent study examined the dam failure as a two-stage process and succeeded in modeling the flood in the urban area downstream.
Although the Baldwin Hills Reservoir site has now been dedicated as a community park, and no further significant hazard is associated with ground movements there, the associated faults to the southeast (Stocker-LaBrea and the Windsor School area) continue to move significantly as of 2012, causing damage to private and public facilities. The current oilfield operator, Plains Exploration and Production Company (PXP), which has intensified production and development efforts in the oilfield with the rising price of petroleum, does not, unlike its predecessor Standard Oil, acknowledge any causal connection between fault movements and oilfield activities, and has retained a team of consultants who support this position or conclude that the causes of the movements are unknown.
The role of shallow hydraulic fracturing, which has recently been introduced as a means of stimulating production at depths around in the southeast part of the Inglewood field, and at greater depths elsewhere in the field, has also generated public concern and controversy. However, oil operators, while admitting that fracture pressures are being exceeded, refuse to acknowledge a relationship between injection at fracturing pressure levels and fault movement. The PXP and PXP consultant conclusions, that adverse effects are either unknown or not present, are disputed by other reviewers.
Recent discharges of oilfield gases in the Baldwin Hills may also be related to raised pressures resulting from injection, and may be of similar origin as the gas problems in the nearby Salt Lake field.
Coverage
KTLA used a helicopter to cover the disaster. Common today, this was perhaps the first such live aerial coverage of a breaking news event. Richard N. Levine, a 17-year-old photography student, rushed to a higher viewpoint and made 35-mm pictures of the evolving dam break.
See also
List of lakes in California
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Segment about the disaster by The History Channel on YouTube
Ground Rupture in the Baldwin Hills
"Mechanical Compaction of Soils for Engineering Purposes"
Study & Task Force Report/API paper.pdf "Ross Store Explosion"
Baldwin Hills Dam failure case study at the Association of State Dam Safety Officials
1963 disasters
1963 in California
Baldwin Hills (mountain range)
Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles
Dams completed in 1951
Dam failures in the United States
Disasters in Los Angeles
History of Los Angeles
Hydraulic fracturing
Reservoirs in Los Angeles County, California |
4039704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroads%20College%20Preparatory%20School | Crossroads College Preparatory School | Crossroads College Preparatory School is a college preparatory school in St. Louis, Missouri founded by St. Louis native Arthur Lieber in 1974. It is located near Forest Park on the western edge of St. Louis. There is a MetroLink mass transit station within walking distance.
As of 2018, there were 56 students enrolled in the seventh and eighth grades and 154 in the high school, 39% of whom were identified as "minority". In 2018 tuition cost $22,200 for the high school.
Crossroads College Prep School is a member of the following independent school associations:
Independent Schools of St. Louis (ISSL)
National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS)
Independent Schools Association of the Central States (ISACS)
History
Crossroads was founded by Arthur Lieber in 1974 as a middle school. It began as an experiential school with an emphasis on personal relationships between students and teachers. In 1981, the school expanded to include a high school and moved to the Skinker DeBaliviere neighborhood of St. Louis.
The 1990s saw a change in the school's focus as the board of directors hired Billy Handmaker as head of school and tasked him with overhauling the curriculum and increasing academic requirements to focus on college preparation. The school changed its name from Crossroads School to Crossroads College Preparatory School in 2006.
In 2012, Crossroads was one of 78 schools in the country, and one of two in Missouri, to be named a "Green Ribbon School" by the Department of Education for their "comprehensive approach to creating 'green' environments through reducing environmental impact, promoting health, and ensuring a high-quality environmental and outdoor education to prepare students with the 21st century skills and sustainability concepts needed in the growing global economy."
Notable people
Annie Wersching (1995) - actress
David Jay (2000) - asexual activist
References
External links
Crossroads College Prep School
Portfolio by Crossroads students
Educational institutions established in 1974
Private middle schools in Missouri
Middle schools in St. Louis
Private schools in St. Louis
High schools in St. Louis
Private K-12 schools in Missouri
1974 establishments in Missouri |
4039710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers%27%20Federation%20of%20Nova%20Scotia | Writers' Federation of Nova Scotia | The Writers' Federation of Nova Scotia was established in 1975 to foster creative writing and the profession of writing in Nova Scotia. They administer the East Coast Literary Awards, which includes Thomas Head Raddall Award, J.M Abraham Poetry Award and the Evelyn Richardson Non-fiction Award. The WFNS also administers the Nova Writes Competition for Unpublished Manuscripts and the Writers' in the Schools Program. They also organize workshops and professional development sessions for writers in Nova Scotia.
External links
Writers' Federation of Nova Scotia
Canadian writers' organizations
Professional associations based in Nova Scotia |
4039728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition%20%28disambiguation%29 | Competition (disambiguation) | Competition is any rivalry between two or more parties.
Competition may also refer to:
Competition (economics), competition between multiple companies, i.e. two or more businesses competing to provide goods or services to another party
Competition (biology), interaction between living things in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another
Competition (1915 film), a short film directed by B. Reeves Eason
"Competition" (The Spectacular Spider-Man), an episode of the animated television series The Spectacular Spider-Man
Competition, Missouri, United States, a town in south-central Missouri, about 50 miles northeast of Springfield
Chatham, Virginia, formerly named Competition, a town in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, United States
"Competition", a 2013 song by Little Mix from Salute
See also
The Competition (disambiguation) |
4039734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers%20Legh%20%28died%201422%29 | Piers Legh (died 1422) | Sir Piers Legh (1389 - 16 June 1422), also known as Sir Piers de Legh and Peers Legh, was the second generation of the Leghs of Lyme.
He was wounded in the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415. His mastiff stood over him and protected him for many hours through the battle. The dog returned to Legh's home and was the foundation of the Lyme Hall Mastiffs. Five centuries later, this pedigree figured prominently in founding the modern English Mastiff breed. An old stained glass window remains in the drawing room of Lyme Hall portraying Sir Piers and his devoted mastiff.
He was injured again in action in 1422 and died as a result of his wounds in Paris. He was buried at St Michael's Church, Macclesfield in the Legh Chapel, which had been built to receive his body.
References
1422 deaths
English knights
People from Disley
Knights Bachelor
1389 births
Military personnel from Cheshire |
5375046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20East%2C%20New%20Zealand | Hamilton East, New Zealand | Hamilton East is a suburb in central Hamilton in New Zealand. The suburb's primary commercial and retail precinct is located along Grey Street. Hamilton East is characterised by villas and bungalows built early in the 20th century.
History
Hamilton East is one of Hamilton's oldest suburbs. From the 1870s until the mid-20th century, Hamilton East was sometimes known as 'Irishtown'. A significant number of the militiamen who settled there were of Irish descent, and many other Irish Catholics came to live near the Catholic Church and convent.
The town of Hamilton East merged with Hamilton West in 1877. Many of the streets were named after famous figures of the New Zealand Wars, including Governor George Grey and Maori chief Te Awaitaia, who went by the name William Naylor/Wiremu Neera when he converted to Christianity. Evidence of planning for the centre of the village can be seen in the village green concept of Steele Park and the planting of English trees along Grey Street. Hamilton East is one of the few suburbs of Hamilton to have a street grid plan.
Many of the parks in Hamilton East, including Hamilton Gardens, are located on the original Hamilton Town Belt that runs along the eastern and southern border of Hamilton East. Just to the north of the Gardens, Flynn Park housed an ammunition factory from 1942 to 1946. It is the most southerly of the parks in the original Belt and on the edge of the Wairere Drive extension to Peacocke.
Until February 1971 the Royal Hotel stood on the corner of Grey Street and Cook Street, now occupied by Eastside Tavern and Liquorland. The first Royal Hotel was opened on the southwest corner of Grey and Cook Streets in July 1865, by Lewis Bassiere Harris, of the 4th Waikato Militia Regiment. The hotel burnt down in 1894 and was rebuilt later that year. Many early meetings were held in the hotel, including those of Kirikiriroa Road Board.
In 2000 the suburb was extended over a former part of Ruakura Experimental Farm, by Grasshopper East Ltd. and Chedworth Properties Ltd adding 321 houses at Sherwood Park. Although the streets are named with a Sherwood Forest theme, it required a campaign to preserve a shelter belt of redwood trees from the development.
Features of Hamilton East
Hamilton Gardens
Hamilton Gardens, a 58 hectare public park, is located along the banks of the Waikato River. Hamilton Gardens is the most popular visitor attraction in the region with about 1.3 million visitors each year, nearly half of them being tourists. They were developed from the 1980s in stages, with paradise, productive, cultivar and landscape collections. The much-praised paradise collection includes a Chinese scholar's garden, an English flower garden, a Japanese garden of contemplation, an American modernist garden, an Italian Renaissance garden and an Indian char bagh garden.
Hayes Paddock
Hayes Paddock, an enclave in Hamilton East developed between 1939 and 1945, was planned and built according to the philosophies and ideals of the First Labour Government and the Garden City Movement. It includes curved street patterns, open plan garden layouts, low density development, and the provision of walkways and reserves. Hayes Paddock contains over 200 classic state houses built along seven streets named mostly after New Zealand governors general.
These governors general were notable and influential men of their time. Macfarlane Street, the only street not named after a governor general, was named after James MacFarlane, a partner in the Auckland company of Henderson and MacFarlane. The area that makes up Hayes Paddock was named after William Hayes who farmed the area, under lease, from 1903 to 1925.
Viscount Sir Charles Bathurst Bledisloe Governor general from 1930–1935. Street: Bledisloe Terrace.
Sir Charles Fergusson Governor general from 1924–1930. Street: Fergusson Street.
Sir George Monckton-Arundell, 8th Viscount Galway Governor general from 1935–1941. Street: Galway Avenue.
Viscount Sir John Rushworth Jellicoe Governor general from 1920–1924. Street: Jellicoe Drive.
Sir William Lee Plunket Governor general from 1904–1910. Street: Plunket Terrace.
Sir William Hillier Onslow Governor general from 1889–1892. Street: Onslow Street.
Thanks to Hamilton heritage enthusiasts and local council processes, Hayes Paddock has received protection in the city's district plan. The purpose of this protection was to safeguard the unique and special heritage of the Hayes Paddock area.
An extensive chronology of key events from 1978, when Hayes paddock was first identified as having heritage value, to the May 2006 Council Report leading to the council decision, can be found in the Variation to Hamilton City District Plan version 2001.
A final hearing of proposed changes was held in July 2008 and on 24 September 2008 a full Council confirmed the changes, subject to some amendments.
Graham Island
Graham Island is a small islet of about , separated from the main river bank south of Hayes Paddock by about of shallow water. It rises to about above the river, with a low cliff facing the main channel. Most of the island is covered in raspberry, with alder and silver and golden wattle as the main trees. Te Moutere O Koipikau Pā once stood on the island.
Wellington Beach
A beach was part of the 1945 plan for developing the reserve. In 2013 it was voted one of the country's best beaches.
Institute de Notre Dames des Missions
The Institute de Notre Dames des Missions was a Romanesque style convent and heritage site on Clyde St. Most of the building was demolished in 2017, but the chapel was restored and is a Category 2 listed building.
Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Hamilton
The modern Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary was dedicated in 1980 and refurbished in 2008. It is the Cathedral of the Hamilton Catholic Diocese.
Memorial Park
Hamilton's first militia settlers landed on this site in 1864. The park and cenotaph were created in memory of First World War soldiers on what was previously called Kowhai Bank. The park was further developed with a Second World War memorial as well as a Spitfire air-force memorial. On 11 November, 2017, a life-size bronze memorial of a war horse was officially unveiled, as a commemoration of the various war horses that fought for New Zealand during the First World War, as well as to commemorate 99 years since the end of the First World War.
Paddle steamer Rangiriri
On the riverbank is the hulk of the paddle steamer Rangiriri. She was prefabricated at the P.N. Russell & Co. foundry in Sydney and assembled at Port Waikato. The first of the military settlers landed from the Rangiriri at Hamilton on 24 August 1864. She ran aground in 1889, was lifted from the riverbed in 1981, pulled further up in 1982 and restored in 2010. Her length was , breadth and speed .
River cruises
From 1985 MV Waipa Delta provided excursions from the Park until 2009. She was replaced by a smaller boat until the pontoon at the Park was removed in 2013. The former Golden Bay vessel, Cynthia Dew, ran 4 days a week on the river from 2012 and now runs 5 days a week from a floating pontoon.
Parana Park
Parana Park is about and forms a northern extension of Memorial Park. It was left to the city in 1929 in the will of George Parr (hence the name Parana), who was the son of the 1893 Mayor. In 1936, a paddling pool and playground were built and wallabies and a possum introduced. The playground was rebuilt in 2012. There are several notable trees and structures in the Park. In Gibbons Creek a barrier was removed and 3 fish passes built to help migratory fish overcome weirs.
Steele Park
At the centre of Hamilton East is Steele Park, named for militia officer William Steele. It was originally called Sydney Square, after the New South Wales city where members of the 4th Waikato militia enlisted. The oaks around its perimeter were planted in 1889, the silver jubilee of the arrival of militia settlers. Historically used for social gatherings for settlers, today it continues to be an important venue for sport, cultural and social events.
Oddfellows Hall
The Loyal Hamilton Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows was built by Edward Pearson in 1874 on the perimeter of Steele Park. It is now a Historic Place Category 2 building housing the Cook bar. From about 1884 it was used as a factory by the family who had built it a decade earlier. Pearson's sandsoap was advertised from 1882, took out a patent in 1884, started a factory in Sydney in 1892 and later moved production to Penrose. Prior to 1934 some of their sand came from what is now Edgecumbe Park in Whitiora. Edward Pearson also built a nearby Presbyterian church, which was demolished in 1957.
Galloway Park
A former redoubt, Galloway Park is now an active sports park utilised for a variety of summer and winter sports. In summer, it is primarily used for cricket and in winter, it is primarily used for soccer.
Greenslade House
Greenslade House is a distinctive Edwardian house, with a turret, at 1 Wellington Street. It was built between 1910–1912 for a prominent Hamilton businessman and New Zealand Liberal Party MP, Henry Greenslade. The architect, John W Warren, also helped design the Waikato Hospital. The Pearson family (see Oddfellows Hall above) lived in the house from 1934. It remains a private residence, was given Historic Place Category 1 listing on 21 September 1989, is a large 490 with 5 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms and has been sold many times since restoration in the 1970s.
Beale Cottage
The tiny cottage on the corner of Beale and Grey Streets is Hamilton's oldest remaining house, named after the 4th Mayor of Hamilton, Bernard Charles Beale. He designed and built the simple cottage in 1872 using locally-grown kauri and kahikatea. Soon after, he added several more rooms. One room in the house was used as a surgery.
Nga Uri o Hinetuparimaunga
Located at the entrance to Hamilton Gardens, Nga Uri o Hinetuparimaunga is a sculpture created by two internationally renowned artists, sculptor Chris Booth and Diggeress Te Kanawa. Their design proposal was chosen in a competition to which top New Zealand artists had been invited to submit designs. The woven Hinuera stone cloak sculpture honours natural creative processes.
Former Waikato County Council office
The former Waikato County Council office at 455 Grey Street, on the corner of Clyde Street, opened in 1910. It has not been greatly altered and is now used by a travel agent. It is protected by a Category B listing in Hamilton City's District Plan. It was replaced by new offices to the rear of it, which had a foundation stone dated 4 February 1971 and were first used for a meeting on 21 March 1972. The old building was leased to the Ministry of Agriculture. After 1989 the new building was used by Waikato District Council and then by Hill Laboratories until 2017. Since 2020 it has been renovated as Hills Village apartments.
Demographics
Hamilton East, comprising the statistical areas of Hamilton East Village, Greensboro, Hamilton East Cook and Hamilton East, had a population of 12,996 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 1,389 people (12.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 2,283 people (21.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 4,674 households. There were 6,369 males and 6,630 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 2,175 people (16.7%) aged under 15 years, 5,085 (39.1%) aged 15 to 29, 4,728 (36.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,014 (7.8%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 60.6% European/Pākehā, 20.7% Māori, 7.2% Pacific peoples, 20.9% Asian, and 5.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).
The proportion of people born overseas was 32.9%, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 45.9% had no religion, 34.1% were Christian, 4.7% were Hindu, 4.0% were Muslim, 1.3% were Buddhist and 4.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 3,117 (28.8%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 1,209 (11.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 4,518 (41.8%) people were employed full-time, 1,914 (17.7%) were part-time, and 843 (7.8%) were unemployed.
The 2013 Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation, ranked 1–10 from lowest to most deprived areas, lists the Hamilton East at 9/10 (high deprivation).
Education
Hamilton Boys' High School is a single sex secondary school (years 9–13). It has a roll of . The school opened in 1955, with predecessors dating back to 1903.
Hamilton East School is a coeducational contributing primary school (years 1–6). The school was opened in 1872 and is the oldest school in Hamilton on its original site. It has a roll of .
Sacred Heart Girls' College' is a single sex state-integrated Catholic day school (years 9–13). The school was established in 1884 and has a roll of .
Marian Catholic School is a state-integrated coeducational full primary school (years 1–8). The school was formed in 1989 by the amalgamation of the single-sex St Mary's Cathedral School and Marist School, which had been neighbours on the same site. It has a roll of .
All rolls are as of
See also
List of streets
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand
References
External links
1921 view of Memorial Park and bridge
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand
Populated places on the Waikato River |
5375051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naylor%2C%20New%20Zealand | Naylor, New Zealand | Naylor is a suburb in central Hamilton in New Zealand.
This is not really a suburb at all but a region defined by the statistics department. It is not in use around Hamilton.
See also
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand |
4039736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99i%C5%BEanovice%20%28Chrudim%20District%29 | Křižanovice (Chrudim District) | Křižanovice is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
External links
Villages in Chrudim District |
4039762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nurture%20Assumption | The Nurture Assumption | The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do is a 1998 book by the psychologist Judith Rich Harris. Originally published 1998 by the Free Press, which published a revised edition in 2009. The book was a 1999 Pulitzer Prize finalist (general non-fiction).
Summary
Harris challenges the idea that the personality of adults is determined chiefly by the way they were raised by their parents. She looks at studies which claim to show the influence of the parental environment and claims that most fail to control for genetic influences. For example, if aggressive parents are more likely to have aggressive children, this is not necessarily evidence of parental example. It may also be that aggressiveness has been passed down through the genes. Indeed, many adopted children show little correlation with the personality of their adoptive parents, and significant correlation with the natural parents who had no part in their upbringing.
The role of genetics in personality has long been accepted in psychological research. However, even identical twins, who share the same genes, are not exactly alike, so inheritance is not the only determinant of personality. Psychologists have tended to assume that the non-genetic factor is the parental environment, the "nurture". However, Harris argues that it is a mistake to use "'nurture' ... [as] a synonym for 'environment.'" Many twin studies have failed to find a strong connection between the home environment and personality. Identical twins differ to much the same extent whether they are raised together or apart. Adoptive siblings are as unalike in
personality as non-related children.
Harris also argues against the effects of birth order. She states: Birth order effects are like those things that you think you see out of the corner of your eye but that disappear when you look at them closely. They do keep turning up but only because people keep looking for them and keep analyzing and reanalyzing their data until they find them.
Harris' most innovative idea was to look outside the family and to point at the peer group as an important shaper of the child's psyche. For example, children of immigrants learn the language of their home country with ease and speak with the accent of their peers rather than their parents. Children identify with their classmates and playmates rather than their parents, modify their behavior to fit with the peer group, and this ultimately helps to form the character of the individual.
Reception
The Nurture Assumption received mixed responses. The neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky says her book is "based on solid science". The psychologist Steven Pinker of Harvard predicts that the book "will come to be seen as a turning point in the history of psychology".
However, the psychologist Frank Farley claims that "she's taking an extreme position based on a limited set of data. Her thesis is absurd on its face, but consider what might happen if parents believe this stuff!" Wendy Williams, who studies how environment affects IQ, argues that "there are many, many good studies that show parents can affect how children turn out in both cognitive abilities and behavior". The psychologist Jerome Kagan argues that Harris "ignores some important facts, ones that are inconsistent with this book's conclusions".
Harris rejects the idea that The Nurture Assumption will encourage parents to neglect or mistreat their children. She maintains that parents will continue to treat their children well "for the same reason you are nice to your friends and your partner, even though you have no hopes of molding their character. For the same reason your great-grandparents were nice to their children, even though they didn't believe in the nurture assumption".
See also
Nature versus nurture
The Gene Illusion
Reviews
"Do Parents Matter?", Malcolm Gladwell, The New Yorker, August 17, 1998.
Psychpage review, Richard Niolon.
"Peer Pressure", Carol Tavris, New York Times, September 13, 1998.
References
1998 non-fiction books
Books by Judith Rich Harris
English-language books
Free Press (publisher) books
Popular psychology books |
4039778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Whitfield | John Whitfield | John Whitfield may refer to:
John Whitfield (conductor) (1957–2019), British musician and conductor
John Whitfield (poet), Oxford Professor of Poetry
John Whitfield (politician) (born 1941), Conservative English Member of Parliament elected in 1983 for Dewsbury
John Clarke Whitfield (1770–1836), English organist and composer
John Wilkins Whitfield (1818–1879), U.S. House Delegate from Kansas Territory
John Yeldham Whitfield (1899–1971), British Army officer
See also
Jack Whitfield (1892–1927), Welsh rugby union player
John Whitfield Bunn (1831–1920), American corporate leader
Whit Canale (John Whitfield Canale, 1941–2011), American football player |
5375052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical%20Province%20of%20Rupert%27s%20Land | Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land | The Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land, founded in 1875, forms one of four ecclesiastical provinces in the Anglican Church of Canada.
Territorial evolution
The territory covered by the province is roughly coterminous with the western portion of the former Hudson's Bay Company concession of Rupert's Land, as well as the North-Western Territory of British North America. It today consists of the present day provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, as well as the extreme western portion of Ontario and the Nunavik area of Quebec. It also includes all of the territories of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.
At almost 6.5 million square kilometres, it is the largest ecclesiastical province by area in the country, and was even larger when it was created. The Anglican Diocese of Moosonee was joined to the Ecclesiastical Province of Ontario in 1912. The five dioceses in British Columbia were also originally part of Rupert's Land Ecclesiastical Province, until they became an Ecclesiastical Province of their own in 1914. Furthermore, the Diocese of Selkirk was part of Rupert's Land until it joined the British Columbia province in 1943, as the Anglican Diocese of Yukon.
Dioceses
There are presently 10 dioceses in the province:
Athabasca (Alberta)
Arctic (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Nunavik (northern Quebec))
Brandon (Manitoba)
Calgary (Alberta)
Edmonton (Alberta)
Mishamikoweesh (northern Manitoba and northwestern Ontario)
Qu'Appelle (Saskatchewan)
Rupert's Land (Manitoba)
Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan)
Saskatoon (Saskatchewan)
Metropolitan
The provinces of the Anglican Church of Canada are headed by metropolitan bishops, elected from among the provinces' diocesan bishops, who then become archbishops of their own diocese and the metropolitan of their province.
The current metropolitan of the Province of Rupert's Land is Greg Kerr-Wilson who is the Archbishop of Calgary.
Metropolitans of Rupert's Land
Source:
See also
Ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Church of Canada
List of dioceses of the Anglican Church of Canada
References
External links
Provincial website
Rupert's Land
Rupert's Land, Ecclesiastical Province of
Religious organizations established in 1875
1875 establishments in Canada
Ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Church of Canada |
5375054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-year%20plan | Five-year plan | Five-year plan may refer to:
Nation plans
Five-year plans of the Soviet Union, a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union
Five-Year Plans of Argentina
Five-Year Plans of Bhutan, a series of national economic development plans created by the government of Bhutan since 1961
Five-year plans of China (PRC), a series of social and economic development initiatives
Five-Year Plans of Ethiopia
Five-Year Plans of India, which existed from 1947 to 2017
Five-Year Plans of Nepal
Five-Year Plans of Pakistan, centralized economic plans and targets as part of economic development initiatives
Five-Year Plans of Romania, economic development projects in Communist Romania, largely inspired by the Soviet model
Five-Year Plans of South Korea, an economic development project of South Korea
Five-Year Plans of Vietnam, a series of economic development initiatives
First Malayan Five-Year Plan, the first economic development plan launched by the Malayan government, just before independence in 1957
Five years plan to governing aborigines – Japanese plan in the early twentieth century to control the native population of Taiwan
Other uses
F.Y.P, punk rock band
See also
Four Year Plan, a series of economic reforms created by the Nazi Party
Plan (disambiguation)
Five-year plans |
5375068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severstal | Severstal | Severstal () is a Russian company mainly operating in the steel and mining industry, headquartered in Cherepovets. Severstal is listed on the Moscow Exchange and LSE and is the largest steel company in Russia. The company is majority-owned and controlled by billionaire Alexey Mordashov.
Severstal owns major industrial facilities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, France, and Italy, as well as in several African countries. The company also has mining assets, thus securing its supply of raw materials.
Severstal also owns Severstal Cherepovets, a professional ice hockey club which plays in the Kontinental Hockey League and Severstal Air Company, an airline operating mainly from Vnukovo International Airport and Cherepovets Airport.
Severstal has been ranked as among the 16th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic. It's ranked 37 among the largest steel makers. In 2021, Severstal was ranked no. 27 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle in the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI).
History
1930s–1993: formation and transformation
During the early 1930s, deposits of iron ore were discovered on the Kola Peninsula and, at about the same time large quantities of coal were discovered in the area of Pechora. These two factors made it possible to establish a viable steel industry in the northwest of Russia.
In 1940, the Government of the Soviet Union published a resolution "On The Organisation of Steel Making in the North-West of the USSR", which created a steel mill in Cherepovets, a city accessible by both the Leningrad-Ekaterinburg railway and by the Volga–Baltic Waterway.
In 1947, the construction of Cherepovets Steel Mill was completed.
Facility construction accelerated after the end of World War II, and at 3:25 PM on 24 August 1955, the Cherepovets steel mill was put into operation. Development continued in the following decades, making Cherepovets a major centre of steel production in the Soviet Union.
On 24 September 1993, a decree by the President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, transformed the state-owned Cherepovets Iron and Steel Complex into the Severstal open joint-stock company.
2004–2011: international expansion and acquistions
In 2004, Severstal North America was created when Severstal acquired all the steelmaking assets of Rouge Steel, based in Michigan, USA.
In April 2005, Severstal acquired a 19.9% stake in European steel producer Gruppo Lucchini.
In June 2005, Severstal acquired a listing on MICEX SE.
In March 2006, the company launched an offer for the French conglomerate Arcelor. The offer did not materialize and Arcelor was instead acquired by Mittal Steel on 25 June 2006 to create Arcelor Mittal.
In April 2006, Severstal and Arcelor inaugurated the Severgal joint venture, at that time owned 75% by Severstal and 25% by Arcelor.
In April 2006, Severstal acquired British wire producer Carrington Wire.
In October 2006, Severstal acquired a controlling stake in Lucchini.
In November 2006, Severstal Global Depository Receipts began trading on the London Stock Exchange priced at $12.50.
In May 2007, Severstal acquired Arcelor's 25% stake in Severgal.
In May 2007, Severstal acquired a further 9% of Lucchini.
In February 2007, Severstal acquired Celtic Resources, a gold mining company with assets in Russia and Kazakhstan.
In September 2007, Severcorr began operations in Columbus, Mississippi.
In October 2007, Severstal acquired Aprelkovo and Nerungri Metallic, two gold mines in Eastern Russia.
In May 2008, Severstal Metiz TAS agreed to the sale of the group TAS 34.6% share of JSC Dneprometiz to Severstal Metiz.
In May 2008, Severstal acquired Sparrows Point, a steel mill in Maryland, USA, from Arcelor Mittal.
In May 2008, Severstal Resources acquired a controlling stake in an iron ore deposit in Western Africa and becomes a shareholder of Mano River Resources
In June 2008, Severstal acquired Esmark Inc. based in West Virginia, USA.
In July 2008, Severstal acquired WCI Steel mill in Warren, Ohio, USA.
In August 2008, Severstal Metiz acquired 100% of Redaelli Tecna.
In August 2008, Severstal Resources acquired Balazhal Gold Mine in Kazakhstan.
In November 2008, the company acquired PBS Coals based in Pennsylvania, USA.
In November 2008, Severstal Resources acquired a controlling stake in High River Gold.
In 2008, the company began a $500 million expansion to double the output of Severstal Columbus to 3.4 million tons.
In January 2010, the company closed Carrington Wire.
In March 2010, the company acquired all the shares of Gruppo Lucchini from the Lucchini family and became the only shareholder of the company.
In June 2010, the company sold 50.8% of Lucchini S.p.A. to a company controlled by Alexey Mordashov.
In October 2010, the company acquired a 43.21% stake in Crew Gold.
In October 2010, the company created Nord Gold Nv.
In October 2010, the company received a license for Centralnoe coalfield in Tyva.
In November 2010, an MOU with NSDC to build a steel mill in India was signed.
In January 2011, the company acquired the remaining shares of Crew Gold.
In March 2011, the company sold its facilities in Warren, Wheeling and Sparrows Point.
Developments since 2013
On February 11, 2013, the company's Vorkutinskaya mine, in the Komi Republic in northern Russia, experienced an explosion that caused the mine to collapse on a team of 22 people. A total of 18 people lost their lives in the accident.
In March 2012, the company separated from Nord Gold.
In 2014, Severstal divested its steelmaking operations in the United States, selling the former Rouge Steel plant in Dearborn, Michigan to AK Steel Holding for $700 million, and its mini-mill in Columbus, Mississippi, built in 2007, to Steel Dynamics for $1.63 billion.
In January 2017, the company sold Redaelli Tecna.
In July 2017, the company acquired the debt of the Yakovlevsky mine.
In December 2021, according to group's decarbonization strategy, Severstal agreed to sell "Vorkutaugol" to "Russkaya energia" LLC for 15 billion roubles. The approval of the deal was postponed by Federal Antimonopoly Service in February 2022.
EU sanctions
Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the European Union placed sanctions on Severstal's majority shareholder, Alexey Mordashov, on 28 February. This forced the company to cease its steel shipments to Europe.
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is one of the strategic priorities for Severstal, according to its annual reports. Starting 2010, the company has annually released a Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development report.
In 2018, Severstal joined the UN Global Compact.
Environment
In 2018, Severstal became one of the pilots of the World Steel Association’s programme to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the global steel industry 'Step up'.
In June 2019, in connection with the Presidential Decree dated 7 May 2018 No. 204 “On the National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” and the Federal Project “Clean Air”, Severstal entered into the agreement on co-operation for reducing air emissions in Cherepovets with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology, Rosprirodnadzor and the local authorities. In accordance with this agreement the Company assumed obligations to ensure the implementation of measures that will reduce pollutant emissions by 30 thousand tons into the atmosphere by 2024.
Severstal reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 27,860 Kt (-250 /-0.9% y-o-y). There is no evidence of a consistent declining trend as yet.
References
External links
History of Severstal since 1930s.
Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange
Iron ore mining companies
Mining companies of Russia
Steel companies of Russia
Steel companies of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian brands
Companies based in Vologda Oblast
Mining companies of the Soviet Union
Severstal |
4039782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ZF%20transmissions | List of ZF transmissions | This list of ZF transmissions details those automotive transmissions created by the German ZF Friedrichshafen AG engineering company.
There are two fundamental types of motor vehicle transmission:
Manual – the driver has to perform each gear change (i.e., the driver is required to shift gears)
Automatic – once placed in drive (or any other 'automatic' selector position), it selects the gear ratio dependent on engine speed and load automatically.
Furthermore, they may also be manufactured solely as a gearbox, and use an entirely separate final drive unit (including its differential) – or be supplied as a transaxle, which includes both the gearbox and final drive unit within one housing.
Cars and light vehicles
These may be used in motor cars (automobiles), or light commercial vehicles such as car-derived vans.
Manual transmissions
4-speed longitudinal
S4-12 – Lotus Elite type 14 (optional), Autocars/Reliant Sabra sports
S4-18 – Bedford Van, Opel Blitz Van
4 DS-10 – Transaxle as fitted to the Hanomag F20-F36 and Mercedes L206/L306/L307 FWD Vans
4 DS-10/2 – Transaxle as fitted to the Hanomag F20-F36 and Mercedes L206/L306/L307 FWD Vans
5-speed longitudinal
5 DS 25 – transaxle as fitted to the Ford GT40 MK1 and MK3, De Tomaso Mangusta, De Tomaso Pantera, Maserati Bora, Abarth SE030, Lancia 037, BMW M1, Michelotti Pura
S5D 310Z – as fitted to the BMW E36 M3 3.0
S5D 320Z – as fitted to the BMW E36 328i
S5-16
S5-17
S5-18 – Alfa Romeo Alfa 6, BMW 2002 turbo, Fiat Dino, Fiat 130, Maserati Biturbo, Maserati Quattroporte, Opel Kadett C GTE, Talbot Sunbeam Lotus, Renault Master van
S5-20 – Maserati Mistral, Maserati Sebring, Maserati Mexico, Maserati Quattroporte I, Mercedes-Benz W112 and Mercedes-Benz W113
S5-325 – Aston Martin DB5 DB6, Maserati Ghibli, Iso
S5-24 – Aston Martin DBS, Maserati Quattroporte III
S5-31 – 1990-2006
S5-39 – BMW 3 Series (E46), BMW 5 Series (E39), BMW 7 Series (E38), BMW X5 (E53)
S5-42 – 1987–1995
S5-47 – 1995–1997
6-speed longitudinal
S6-37 – 1998-2015 (BMW 3 Series (E46), 4 Series, 5 Series, 6 Series)
S6-40 – 1989–1996 (Lotus Carlton/Omega, Chevrolet Corvette, VN Holden Commodore SS Group A)
S6-45 – (Jaguar F-Type V6, BMW 135i/235i/335i)
S6-53 – 2007-Present – (Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio, Jaguar S-Type Diesel, Land Rover Discovery 3/4, BMW 5 series E60 530d)
S6-650 – 1999-2010 (Ford F-Series Super Duty pickup Trucks, GM 2500HD & 3500 pickup trucks)
7-speed longitudinal
S7-45 – Porsche applications (2011-Present)
Automatic transmissions
3-speed auto
3HP12 – longitudinal, first ZF automatic transmission for passenger cars 1965–1977
3HP20 – longitudinal 1967–??
3HP22 – longitudinal 1975–1990
3HP22 – transverse
4-speed auto
4HP14 – transverse 1987–2001
4HP16 – transverse 2004–2008
4HP18 – longitudinal 1987–1998
4HP18 – transverse 1987–1999
4HP20 – transverse 1995–present
4HP22 – longitudinal 1980–2003
4HP24 – longitudinal 1987–2004
5-speed auto
5HP – longitudinal 1990–present
6-speed auto
6HP19 – longitudinal smaller version of 6HP26
6HP21 – longitudinal 2nd generation of 6HP19 2007–???
6HP26 – longitudinal 2000–???
6HP28 – longitudinal 2nd generation of 6HP26 2007–???
6HP32 – longitudinal bigger version of 6HP26
6HP34 – longitudinal 2nd generation of 6HP32 (was planned, but never went into production)
7-speed dual clutch
7DT – longitudinal 2009–Present (two variants of the Porsche PDK dual clutch transmission):
The first variant, the 7DT-45 – used in the 911 Carrera, the 2009 997 Carrera and Carrera S models; the 2009 Cayman and Boxster, along with a higher torque version, the 7DT-70 in the 2010 911 Turbo.
The second variant, the 7DT-75 – is used in the Panamera.
8-speed dual clutch
8DT – longitudinal 2016–present Porsche PDK dual clutch transmission starts in 2016 Panamera Bentley Continental GT (MY2018) gets a version of it as well. Aston Martin Valhalla V6 Hybrid Limited Edition.
8-speed auto
8HP – longitudinal 2008–Present
9-speed auto
9HP – transverse 2013–Present Range Rover Evoque
CVT
CFT23 – transverse
CFT30 – used in 2005–2007 Ford Five Hundred, Mercury Montego and Ford Freestyle
Heavy vehicles
These are for heavy motor vehicles; such as large goods vehicles (trucks), buses, motorcoaches, agricultural machinery, plant equipment (such as earth movers), or specialist military vehicles such as tanks.
Manual synchromesh transmissions for trucks
TD: Truck transmission with direct drive top gear
TO: Truck transmission with overdrive top gear
5-speed & 6-speed (ZF Ecolite)
ZF S5-35/2 manual transmission
S 5–42
ZF S635
6 S 700 TO
6 S 850 TO
6 S 1000 TO
9-speed (ZF Ecomid)
9 S 1110 TD
9 S 1110 TO
9 S 1310 TO
12-speed & 16-speed (ZF Ecosplit)
12 S 2130 TD
12 S 2330 TD
12 S 2833 TD
16S 221 OD
16 S 1620 TD
16 S 1630 TD
16S 1685 TD
16 S 1820 TO
16 S 1830 TO
16 S 1920 TD
16 S 1930 TD
16 S 2220 TO
16 S 2220 TD
16 S 2230 TO
16 S 2230 TD
16 S 2320 TD
16 S 2330 TD
16 S 2520 TO
16 S 2530 TO
16 S 2730 TO
Manual synchromesh transmissions for tanks
6-speed
SSG 76 Aphon
SSG 77 Aphon
7-speed
AK 7–200
Automatic transmissions
2-speed auto
Busmatic – 1963–1979
Ecomat series
4, 5 or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (4/5/6 HP 500/590/600) – 1980–2002
4, 5 or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (4/5/6 HP 502/592/602/C) – 1997–2007
5, or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (5/6 HP 504C/594C/604C) – 2006–2016
6-speed auto
EcoLife with Hydraulic Retarder – 2006–
12-speed AMT
AS Tronic – automated manual (AMT) with Hydraulic Retarder – 1997–
See also
List of Voith transmissions
Notes
References
External links
ZF.com official ZF Friedrichshafen AG website
ZF-aftermarket.us ZF Genuine spare parts
Dinet.biz Alternative spare parts for ZF gearbox buses
ZF transmissions |
4039784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie%20Colby | Jamie Colby | Jamie Nell Colby is an American former national news correspondent and anchor for Fox News Channel (FNC). She is host of the series, Strange Inheritance, on Fox Business Network and was formerly co-host of America's News Headquarters with Eric Shawn on Sunday mornings.
Career
Colby has worked for Fox News since July 2003 as National News Correspondent and Anchor. Prior to joining FOX News Channel, Colby was a correspondent for CNN and served as an anchor and reporter for CBS News including fill-in anchor for CBS's Up to the Minute. She was also an anchor for WPIX/WB-11 New York, a reporter at WNYW FOX 5 New York, and a correspondent/co-anchor on FOX News' WebMD TV. Colby is an attorney admitted to practice law in New York, California, Florida and the District of Columbia.
She has received such honors as the Edward R. Murrow National Award in 2002 for her coverage of the September 11 attacks; the Gracie Award for investigative reporting in 2000, and the Clarion Award from the Association for Women in Communications. She was also named Television Week's "Rising News Star To Watch". Aside from her journalism career, Colby, an attorney, served in private practice for 10 years. Her law practice began with a Hollywood entertainment firm that assigned her to The Tonight Show. At 22, she worked for Johnny Carson during his contract renewal with NBC and also his divorce.
Since January 2015, Colby has served as host and reporter on the Fox Business show, Strange Inheritance, which covers quirky or unexpected legacies left behind by friends or family.
Personal
Attending the University of Miami's International School of Business, she earned a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in accounting as well as a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Miami School of Law at age 22.
Colby authored Back to Life After a Heart Crisis: A Doctor and His Wife Share Their 8-Step Cardiac Comeback Plan () with her ex-husband Marc Wallack, the Chief of Surgery at Metropolitan Hospital in New York City.
References
External links
Biography at FOXNews.com
Living people
People from Queens, New York
Television personalities from New York City
American women journalists
University of Miami School of Law alumni
Fox News people
Journalists from New York City
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Miami Business School alumni
21st-century American women |
5375072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillcrest%2C%20Hamilton | Hillcrest, Hamilton | Hillcrest is a suburb in southeastern Hamilton in New Zealand. The suburb is home to the University of Waikato and consequently has a large student population. It is located on the east side of the Hamilton Town Belt, a series of public parks that run from the Hamilton Gardens to Ruakura in its eastern section.
History
The area was formerly known as Steele's Hill, named after Capt. W. Steele. Much of it was covered in orchards in the early 1900s. It was named Hillcrest by the Waikato County Council in the 1940s when the area began developing as a suburb. Hillcrest became a part of Hamilton in 1949, with the 5th boundary extension. Significant development took place throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
Notable locations
The University of Waikato
The main campus of the University of Waikato was established in 1964. In 2010, the university had 13,089 students enrolled, the majority based at the Hillcrest campus.
Academy of Performing Arts
Opened in 2001, the Academy of Performing Arts is a prominent music and theatre venue in Hamilton. Its concert chamber is one of Hamilton's premier classical music venues.
Former Hamilton Railway Station
The Station on Hillcrest Road is the former main railway station for Hamilton. The building was relocated from Victoria Street to its current Hillcrest location in the 1960s, when the Hamilton Central underground train station was built. It is one of the few surviving railway stations that were built during the time that Julius Vogel was in charge of New Zealand's Public Works Department.
Demographics
Hillcrest, comprising the statistical areas of Hillcrest West (Hamilton City) and Hillcrest East (Hamilton City), had a population of 5,760 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 378 people (7.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 627 people (12.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,803 households. There were 2,874 males and 2,889 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female, with 1,056 people (18.3%) aged under 15 years, 2,061 (35.8%) aged 15 to 29, 2,190 (38.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 459 (8.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 59.5% European/Pākehā, 16.9% Māori, 6.1% Pacific peoples, 26.2% Asian, and 4.7% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).
The proportion of people born overseas was 37.2%, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 48.1% had no religion, 34.0% were Christian, 2.5% were Hindu, 3.2% were Muslim, 3.1% were Buddhist and 4.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,599 (34.0%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 432 (9.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,085 (44.3%) people were employed full-time, 795 (16.9%) were part-time, and 300 (6.4%) were unemployed.
The 2013 Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation, ranked 1-10 from lowest to most deprived areas, lists the University section of Hillcrest at 8/10 (high deprivation) and the Hillcrest West section at 6/10 (moderate deprivation).
Education
Hillcrest Normal School and Knighton Normal School are state co-educational contributing primary schools (years 1-6) with rolls of and students respectively. Hillcrest Normal opened in 1923, and Knighton Normal opened in 1957. The term "Normal" comes from the French term école normale and means these schools assist in the training of teachers.
St John's College is a single-sex integrated Catholic secondary school (years 9-13) with a roll of .
Rolls are as of
Despite the name, Hillcrest High School is actually located in the neighbouring suburb of Silverdale.
See also
List of streets in Hamilton
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand
References
External links
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand |
4039797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apesokari | Apesokari | Apesokari (Greek: Απεσωκάρι) is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan cemetery. It is also a modern village with a population of 103 (2011) and is built at 155 m above sea level. It is in the municipality of Gortyna in the south of Heraklion regional unit, Greece.
Population
Archaeology
Apesokari was first excavated during World War II. In this first Excavation, a small tholos tomb, a cult room and an outdoor altar were excavated.
The smallest Tholos tomb is at the southwest region of Apesokri village at the foot of the central Asterousia mountains.
Tholos Tomb A was found partially looted by Tomb robbers but a few stone vessels and clay pots were restored and collected.
Excavated by an Austrian archaeologist, sent on a mission to protect cultural monuments, for the "Art Protection Unit" of Wehrmacht in the summer of 1942. The tombs connected the Apesokari people with their ancestors and allowed them to keep connection with the dead. Smashed vessels and remnants of cups reflect the tribes value of unity and community. The rituals at Apesokari's tombs reveal toasting and banquets at burial, a popular Mycenean tradition.
Minoan Tombs
The tomb is notable for the fact that burials did not only take place inside the tholos tomb, but also took place in some of the outer rooms which join the tholos tomb as well. It also had a cult room, most likely a pillar crypt, since it had a wooden pillar on a stone base. A small bench altar was built in a niche to the right of the entrance. A cult image, formed from natural rock, was found on this altar. There was also a large altar outside, surrounded by a paved area.
The Minoan tribes that occupied Crete built and used the Tholos Tombs. The structure of their tombs indicated that the culture was decentralized with no powerful landlords or authority during 2600B.C – 2000B.C. The circular setting of the Tholos tombs placed the dead in non-hierarchical patterns. Most burial tombs built around the same time frame were rectangular. The tribes would often replace old bones and rebury them outside of the Tholos tomb in order to lay the freshly dead to rest.
Ruins of Palaces built after the Tholos Tombs indicate an authoritative figure was introduced to the tribe. Palace structures were placed as the center of the main community, implying that the village had some form of bureaucracy. The palaces in Crete were massively destroyed by an unknown source around 1700 B.C. Speculators believe the palaces were destroyed by either a powerful earthquake or a massive eruption of the Thera Volcano. Some archaeologists believe that outside invaders could have destroyed the palaces. The palaces were rebuilt into more extravagant structures along with above ground tombs during the height Minoan Crete Civilization.
See also
List of settlements in the Heraklion regional unit
References
Swindale, Ian http://www.minoancrete.com/apesokari.htm Retrieved 11 February 2006
External links
http://www.minoancrete.com/apesokari.htm (Excellent Photographs)
Apesokari at the GTP Travel Pages
Minoan sites in Crete
Ancient cemeteries in Greece
Populated places in Heraklion (regional unit) |
4039802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouija%20%282003%20film%29 | Ouija (2003 film) | Ouija is a 2003 horror film set in Barcelona, Spain. A group of friends play with an Ouija board and make contact with spirits. Produced by Eleven Dreams, S.L.U.
External links
2003 films
2003 horror films |
4039814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam%20Arciero | Pam Arciero | Pamela Arciero (born May 8, 1954) is an American puppeteer and voice-over artist. She has performed for Between the Lions and Sesame Street, playing Oscar the Grouch's girlfriend Grundgetta in the latter. In addition to performance work, she worked as a director on the Noggin preschool series Oobi, which featured both writers and performers of Sesame Street.
Career
Pam Arciero earned her Master's in Puppetry from the University of Connecticut.
Arciero took over the role of Oscar the Grouch's girlfriend, Grundgetta for Sesame Street from Brian Muehl, performing her in The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson and Sesame Street: A Is for Asthma and continues to perform her to this day.
Arciero was a director for the second season of Oobi on Noggin. For the third season, she puppeteered various incidental characters. Arciero has performed characters for many other puppet shows, including Allegra's Window and Eureeka's Castle on Nickelodeon, Between the Lions on PBS, and The Great Space Coaster.
She performed in Little Shop of Horrors at the Orpheum Theater and served as director for several live shows at Sesame Place and El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles.
Arciero currently serves as Artistic Director for the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center's National Puppetry Conference since 2002 and continues to participate in puppetry workshops and other events across the country.
She appears as herself in the documentaries Henson's Place and The World of Jim Henson, as well as herself and Grundgetta at Jim Henson's memorial service.
Filmography
Sesame Street: Grundgetta, Sally Wilson, Additional Muppets
Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird: Grundgetta
Little Muppet Monsters: Penguin, Additional Muppets
Sesame Street Stays Up Late!: Additional Muppets
Sesame Street… 20 Years & Still Counting: Telly Monster (assistant)
Eureeka's Castle: Quagmire and Emma
Allegra's Window: Lindi the dog, Allegra's mom
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss: Little cats F and N, Lulu's Dog, Zubble-Wump, Snake, Mama Gink
Sesame Street 4D: Additional characters
Play with Me Sesame: Additional characters
Oobi: Additional characters (also director for season 2)
Lomax, the Hound of Music: Louise
Sesame Street Jam: A Musical Celebration
Learning About Letters
The Muppets Take Manhattan: Grundgetta
Jim Henson's memorial service (appearing as herself and Grundgetta)
Between the Lions: Leona Lion (Season 3 onwards)
Gabby's Dollhouse: Marshapan, Paddycake
References
External links
American puppeteers
American voice actresses
Living people
Sesame Street Muppeteers
University of Connecticut alumni
1954 births
People from Honolulu |
5375073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Will%20Rock%20You%20%28video%29 | We Will Rock You (video) | We Will Rock You is a concert film by English band Queen. It was filmed in Montreal, Quebec, Canada at the Montreal Forum on 24 and 25 November 1981.
A new official release of the concert (retitled Queen Rock Montreal) digitally restored and remastered by Queen was released on 29 October 2007 on DVD (by Eaglevision), double CD (by Hollywood Records for the US and Canada and by Parlophone Records for Europe and EMI for the rest of the world) and triple vinyl LP.
A special double DVD Queen Rock Montreal & Live Aid included Queen's performance at Live Aid as well as never before seen interviews and rehearsal footage. HD-DVD and Blu-ray versions were released on 4 December 2007.
List of songs
"We Will Rock You" (fast) (May)
"Let Me Entertain You" (Mercury)
"Play the Game" (Mercury)
"Somebody to Love" (Mercury)
"Killer Queen" (Mercury)
"I'm in Love with My Car" (Taylor)
"Get Down, Make Love" (Mercury)
"Save Me" (May)
"Now I'm Here" (May)
"Dragon Attack" (May)
"Now I'm Here" (reprise) (May)
"Love of My Life" (Mercury)
"Under Pressure" (Queen/Bowie) - First live performance of the song
"Keep Yourself Alive" (with impromptu jam before the song) (May)
Drum Solo/Tympani Solo (Queen/Taylor)
Guitar Solo/Guitar and Drum Duel (May)
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" (Mercury)
"Jailhouse Rock" (Leiber, Stoller)
"Bohemian Rhapsody" (Mercury)
"Tie Your Mother Down" (May)
"Another One Bites the Dust" (Deacon)
"Sheer Heart Attack" (Taylor)
"We Will Rock You" (May)
"We Are the Champions" (Mercury)
"God Save the Queen" (tape) (arr. May)
The tracks "Flash" and "The Hero" (both written by May) were also performed at these concerts but were deleted from the film. However, the tracks do appear on the CD and vinyl issues of Queen Rock Montreal. A commentary by Roger Taylor and Brian May is an optional feature of Queen Rock Montreal whereas a commentary by Saul Swimmer (the director/producer) was an optional feature of the DVD re-release of We Will Rock You.
Track listing (Double disc Live Aid footage)
Live Aid
"Bohemian Rhapsody"
"Radio Ga Ga"
"Hammer To Fall"
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love"
"We Will Rock You"
"We Are The Champions"
"Is This The World We Created"
all tracks recorded live at Wembley Stadium, 13 July 1985.
Commentaries
Director Saul Swimmer recorded a commentary for the original laserdisc release of the concert. In it, he describes the process by which he and the band went about organising and recording the concerts which eventually became this film. He is complimentary of the band and spoke positively about the experience. Specifically, he talked about the lengths he went to convince the band to make the film at the end of their then-current tour. Swimmer said the deciding moment came when he took Freddie Mercury to the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. and showed him the three-storey IMAX screen, and told him to imagine himself five stories tall. Having convinced Mercury, the rest of the band followed suit.
When Queen eventually acquired the rights to the film, Brian May and Roger Taylor recorded a new commentary track, on which they discuss their feelings about the original process of making the concert film. May describes Swimmer's behaviour in trying to get the band to agree to the project in very negative terms. He says the director effectively hounded them and that when they relented, he was not easy to work with during the actual two nights of filming. Unlike Swimmer's earlier commentary track, which paints a generous picture of the relationship between himself and the band, May and Taylor's commentary track indicates very directly that this was not the case. In particular, May was irked by Swimmer's camera direction and raised this point every time he wasn't in shot during a guitar solo.
Production
Material from both nights has been used in the final version. In a number of instances, the footage is a mixture of camera shots from one night and audio recordings from the other night. It was finally released in 2007 this time with permission of the band. The title was also changed. Queen Rock Montreal was chosen as the new official title.
Video releases
The concert was filmed in high quality 35mm format, but the VHS releases of the 1980's and 1990's were highly degraded versions of the original which contained notable syncing issues. Because the original film rights were 100% controlled by the production company there was little the band could do to prevent the various releases, not regaining the film rights until the early 2000's.
In most of the world, the video was released and re-released at various points from 1982 to 1992 in many popular formats of the day such as VHS, Betamax, Laserdisc and V2000. Cover art varied from territory to territory and from release to release. In the US, however, it was not released until 1986 and was edited down to include only 11 songs, instead of 21, and included vastly different cover art than had been previously used elsewhere. It was not until 1992 that a full, 21-song version was released in the US, with a portion of the proceeds benefitting the Magic Johnson AIDS Foundation. The cover art was more similar to that of other territories.
Then in 1997, 1998 and 1999, a Commemorative Edition was released throughout the world on VHS, Laserdisc and DVD with completely redesigned cover art (a blue/green background with Freddie's silhouette in black), and included Queen performing the Elvis Presley song "Jailhouse Rock", which had not been included in previous releases. Queen performed this song on many occasions throughout their career, but this was the first time an official Queen release included a performance of the song. This was also first ever commercially available Queen release on DVD.
The concert film was again re-released in 2001 on DVD and VHS, remastered in THX for enhanced audio and video quality. The cover art was again majorly redesigned and there were very noticeable improvements in sound and picture quality. It was also made available in a DTS Surround Sound edition. This was the last time it was released under the title We Will Rock You, as subsequent releases in 2007 and onward were retitled Rock Montreal or Rock Montreal and Live Aid.
Charts and certifications
Charts
Certifications
References
External links
Official Site
Queen (band) video albums
Hollywood Records video albums
it:We Will Rock You (VHS) |
5375080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary%20Browne | Zachary Browne | Zachary Browne (born March 28, 1985) is an American former television and film actor.
Browne has had guest roles on ER, 7th Heaven and Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, among other shows. He was also on 7th Heaven as Stan in 1997, and Kyle(young) on The Pretender. He auditioned for the role of Marty Preston in Shiloh (1996) and the director was very impressed with him. He did not get the part because he was too young. However, by the time Shiloh 2 was being cast he was 13 years old and was remembered when he auditioned. Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season (1999) was Zachary's final film, as he ceased acting at the age of 14.
Filmography
Film
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|To Sleep with a Vampire
|Daniel
|Uncredited
|-
|Kid
|William
|Short film
|-
|1995
|Man of the House
|Norman Bronski
|
|-
|1997
|Family Plan
|Eli Mackenzie
|
|-
|1998
|Waking Up Horton
|Mark
|
|-
|1999
|Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season
|Marty Preston
Television
Awards and nominations
External links
1985 births
Living people
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Sacramento, California |
5375090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth%20Rudetsky | Seth Rudetsky | Seth Dennis Rudetsky (born February 28, 1967) is an American musician, actor, writer and radio host. He currently is the host of Seth's Big Fat Broadway and Seth Speaks on Sirius/XM Satellite Radio's On Broadway. The show focuses on Rudetsky's knowledge of Broadway theatre history and trivia.
In March 2020, Rudetsky and his husband created a daily live-streamed web series Stars in The House to benefit The Actors Fund in the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic.
Early life and education
Rudetsky grew up in North Woodmere, New York. He graduated from Hewlett High School in Hewlett, New York, and Oberlin College Conservatory of Music in 1988 with a degree in Piano Performance.
Career
Acting
He wrote and performed in a one-man show called Rhapsody in Seth in 2003. He often tours with variations on his one-man show. He appeared in the Series Finale of Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List. From November 27 through December 10, 2006, he starred in an Off-Off-Broadway production of Torch Song Trilogy.
He appeared in the Roundabout Theatre Company revival of The Ritz from September 2007 through December 2007. Also in 2007, Rudetsky appeared as a contestant on Episode #111 of the US version of Cash Cab. He also appeared in the MTV reality show Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods as a vocal coach for the contestants throughout the competition. He appeared in January 2008 in a regional production (Northport, Long Island, New York) of Lend Me a Tenor.
On August 30, 2010, Rudetsky appeared with two-time Tony-winner Sutton Foster in a one-night-only concert performance of They're Playing Our Song at the Gerald W. Lynch Theater. On June 18, 2012. On Thursday evenings, he hosts Seth's Broadway Chatterbox, a one-hour talk show, at a New York City club, Don't Tell Mama on 46th Street.
Rudetsky started a website called SETH TV. The site had archives of video and a $5/month subscription fee for exclusive content. Rudetsky posts video "deconstructions" to his web site in which he deconstructs the singing voices of Broadway performers.
On November 4, 2013, Disaster!, a musical comedy starring Rudetsky and written by both Rudetsky and Jack Plotnick, opened Off-Broadway at the St. Luke's Theatre. The show, which parodies 1970's disaster movies, has earned largely positive reviews, with The New York Times praising its "inspired lunacy". After a three-year run off-Broadway, Disaster! opened at the Nederlander Theatre on Broadway in 2016.
Writing
Rudetsky was nominated for the Emmy Award three times for his work as a comedy writer for The Rosie O'Donnell Show. He was a writer for the Grammy Award shows of 1999 and 2000. Rudetsky also wrote the opening number for seven Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS Easter Bonnet Competitions and has been responsible for many of their Gypsy Of The Year shows.
Rudetsky had his short story "My First Story" included in the 2005 anthology Fresh Men 2: New Voice in Gay Fiction. The next year, his book The Q Guide to Broadway was published by Alyson Books. This was followed in 2007 by the release of his novel Broadway Nights, also published by Alyson Books. In 2012, his first young adult novel, My Awesome/Awful Popularity Plan, was published by Random House. In 2015, he released a sequel, The Rise and Fall of a Theater Geek, also published by Random House.
Musicianship
In addition to being a writer and an authority on the music of the Broadway stage, Rudetsky is also an accomplished musician. Having majored in Piano Performance at Oberlin, he has gone on to perform in a variety of shows, including accompanying Patti LuPone in concert, where he also demonstrated a talent for on-sight transposition. In addition, Rudetsky has also displayed a skill for conducting, leading the orchestra for the November 30, 2007, special performance "Light the Lights--Broadway is Back" end-of-the-strike celebration.
Rudetsky also composed the opening numbers for the 1998 and 2000 Tony Awards.
Personal life
Rudetsky is gay. He married producer James Wesley in 2012 and they have a daughter, Juli.
His brother Michael Rudetsky died at Boy George's London mansion in 1986. The cause was reportedly heroin overdose, although no drug paraphernalia was found at the scene. Michael was 27 years old and a well-respected musician in pop music circles when he died. He was a keyboardist, guitarist and writer who had worked with Cyndi Lauper, Kool & the Gang, and Joan Jett.
References
External links
Seth TV Network
Rudetsky's Broadway Chatterbox
Rhapsody in Seth
talkinbroadway.com interview, ca. 2007
1967 births
American male journalists
American radio personalities
American gay actors
American gay writers
George W. Hewlett High School alumni
Jewish American journalists
Jewish American male actors
Jewish American musicians
LGBT Jews
LGBT musicians from the United States
LGBT screenwriters
Living people
Male actors from New York (state)
Musicians from New York (state)
Oberlin Conservatory of Music alumni
People from North Woodmere, New York
Place of birth missing (living people)
Radio personalities from New York (state)
21st-century American Jews |
5375096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverdale%2C%20Hamilton | Silverdale, Hamilton | Silverdale is a suburb in south-eastern Hamilton in New Zealand. It is east from Hillcrest and home to Hillcrest High School, despite the school's name. Part of Silverdale is covered by the University of Waikato.
History
It was named Silverdale after the original farm on the land, which itself was named after the shining silver poplar leaves.
Features of Silverdale
The suburb forms a large part of the University of Waikato's commercial, residential and educational hinterland. Jansen Park, located between Morrinsville Rd and Masters Ave, is the biggest park in the area and is used by Hillcrest United and Waikato Unicol Football soccer during the winter season. The main suburban shopping centre is located on Silverdale Rd.
Demographics
Silverdale had a population of 2,088 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 144 people (7.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 159 people (8.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 744 households. There were 987 males and 1,101 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.9 males per female. The median age was 28.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 405 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 684 (32.8%) aged 15 to 29, 765 (36.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 237 (11.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 60.5% European/Pākehā, 21.6% Māori, 6.3% Pacific peoples, 23.0% Asian, and 3.3% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).
The proportion of people born overseas was 33.3%, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 51.3% had no religion, 33.3% were Christian, 2.2% were Hindu, 1.6% were Muslim, 2.7% were Buddhist and 3.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 450 (26.7%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 222 (13.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $22,300, compared with $31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 681 (40.5%) people were employed full-time, 240 (14.3%) were part-time, and 99 (5.9%) were unemployed.
The 2013 Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation, ranked 1-10 from lowest to most deprived areas, lists Silverdale at 8/10 (high deprivation).
Education
Hillcrest High School is a state secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of . The school opened in 1972.
Silverdale Normal School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6) with a roll of . It opened in 1964.
Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of
See also
List of streets in Hamilton
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand
References
Suburbs of Hamilton, New Zealand |
5375104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20%C3%81ngel%20G%C3%B3mez%20Marchante | José Ángel Gómez Marchante | José Ángel Gómez Marchante (born 30 May 1980 in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid) is a Spanish former road bicycle racer, who competed professionally between 2004 and 2010 for the , , and squads. His career highlight was his win in the 2006 Tour of the Basque Country, in which he took victory in the time trial on the final stage to clinch the general classification.
In 2004, while riding for the Costa de Almería-Paternina team, he finished eighth in the general classification in the Vuelta a España.
In the 2005 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, he finished second behind Alexander Vinokourov on the stage to Mont Ventoux, and finished seventh in the general classification.
Major results
1998
2nd Road race, National Junior Road Championships
2003
1st Overall Vuelta a Extremadura
1st Overall Bizkaiko Bira
1st Stages 3 & 4b
1st Aiztondo Klasica
2nd Overall Circuito Montañés
1st Stage 5b
4th Overall Vuelta a la Comunidad de Madrid
2004
1st Stage 2 GP CTT Correios de Portugal
2nd Overall Vuelta a la Rioja
4th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
5th Overall Vuelta a Asturias
6th Clásica de Almería
8th Overall Vuelta a España
10th Overall Clásica Internacional Alcobendas
2005
2nd Overall Clásica Internacional Alcobendas
7th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
7th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
7th Trofeo Soller
9th Overall Paris–Nice
2006
1st Overall Tour of the Basque Country
1st Stage 6
5th Overall Vuelta a España
10th Klasika Primavera
2007
1st Subida a Urkiola
2008
5th Overall Vuelta a Chihuahua
2009
5th Overall Volta a Catalunya
9th Overall Tour de Langkawi
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
References
External links
Profile on official Saunier Duval-Prodir website
1980 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Cyclists from the Community of Madrid
People from San Sebastián de los Reyes |
5375108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscellaneous%20Morsels%20from%20Youyang | Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang | The Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang () is a book written by Duan Chengshi in the 9th century. It focuses on miscellany of Chinese and foreign legends and hearsay, reports on natural phenomena, short anecdotes, and tales of the wondrous and mundane, as well as notes on such topics as medicinal herbs and tattoos.
Youyang refers to the south slope of Mount You, a small hill located in what is now Huaihua, Hunan. The book is divided into 30 volumes, containing unusually varied content in over thirteen hundred entries that describe the world that Duan Chengshi heard about, read of, or personally observed. Several tales from the volume are quoted in the Taiping Guangji.
The Ye Xian, a story similar to the fairy tale Cinderella, appears in Chapter 21. The story was allegedly told by Duan's servant Li Shiyuan, a native from what is now Nanning. It is set during the late 3rd century BC. The exact location is unknown, but the most likely candidate is Guangxi, where the shoe eventually found its way to a king from an island.
References
Reed, Carrie E. (2003). A Tang Miscellany: An Introduction to Youyang zazu. New York: Peter Lang Inc.
Chinese prose texts
Chinese mythology
Tang dynasty literature
9th-century Chinese books |
5375120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20Christian%20Trade%20Unions%20of%20Slovakia | Independent Christian Trade Unions of Slovakia | The Independent Christian Trade Unions of Slovakia (NKOS) is a trade union center in Slovakia. It has a membership of 10,000 in three affiliated unions. Independent Christian Unions of Slovakia (NKOS) are an Open Union Confederation, based on Christian principles of democracy and humanism, registered at the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak republic on 26 May 1993 by law no. 83/1990 Zb. about Association of Citizens, as amended.
History of NKOS
In the years 1920 -1940 Christian unions were a significant factor in the state. They were called the Slovak Christian-social trade association. Their activity was forcibly closed in 1948. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, an effort to restore their activity emerged. In 1990 the first Christian workers' clubs were created. Then came Christian Unions of Slovakia. Christian trade unionists efforts culminated on 26 March 1993 when NKOS were registered at the Ministry of Interior, their chairman was prof. Milan Katuninec. In 1994 the first NKOS trade union, railways, was created, with the chairman Joseph Micsinai and two years later the Trade Union of Workers in Education and Science of Slovakia came into existence with its first chairman Vladimir Cinderella. In 1995, a trade union KOVO METAL was founded, its first chairman was Dušan Mihalik. In December 1994, NKOS became a member of the International Labour Organisation. They became an observer of ITUC on the Compounding Congress in Vienna in 2006.
Social dialogue, Collective bargaining and Collective agreements
Sectoral collective agreements are concluded between NKOS and associations of employers by various sectors of the economy in which they adjust the framework institutes on working time, wage growth, holidays, creation of social fund, or other industrial institutes and so on.
NKOS collectively bargain and sign higher level collective agreements:
• Sectoral collective agreement in civil service.
• Sectoral collective agreement for employers, who proceed with remuneration ac-cording to the law no. 553 / 2003 Z.z. on remuneration of certain employees per-forming work in public interest.
• Sectoral collective agreement between the Trade Union KOVO, Independent Christian Trade Unions of Slovakia and The Association of Metallurgy, Mining Industry and Geology of the Slovak Republic.
The basis of strengthening social dialogue in the workplace is collective bargaining that results in an enterprise (organisational) collective agreement. Basic organisations of NKOS through the enterprise collective agreement improve labor, social and living conditions of the employee's at the specific workplace.
At the national level, together with the representative organisations working in the education and science, we signed the joint Declaration of the Trade Union of Workers in Education and Science of Slovakia and partner representations working in education to promote the improvement of the conditions and level of education and science in the Slovak Republic.
Slovak legislation gives majority unions monopoly power to negotiate and conclude collective agreements. This power has limited the ability of the NKOS to advance in the country.
The NKOS is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
References
External links
NKOS official site.
Trade unions in Slovakia
International Trade Union Confederation |
5375143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraserdale | Fraserdale | Fraserdale is an unincorporated place and railroad point in Unorganized Cochrane, North Part in Cochrane District, Northern Ontario, Canada. It is located north of Timmins along the Ontario Northland Railway. The community/train stop was named for Alan Fraser, a railway engineer, and is counted as part of Unorganized Cochrane, North Part in Canadian census data.
The neighbouring community Abitibi Canyon ( east) on the Abitibi River was the most extensive community ever built by the Ontario Hydro Electric Power Commission. It was home to 1500 residents and was established to house employees of Abitibi Canyon Generating Station.
Fraserdale is connected to Smooth Rock Falls on Ontario Highway 11 to the south and to Abitibi Canyon to the northeast via Ontario Highway 634.
References
External links
Ontario Highway 11 Homepage - Fraserdale (and the Abitibi Colony)
Communities in Cochrane District
Ontario Northland Railway points |
5375202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Gormally | Daniel Gormally | Daniel William Gormally (born 4 May 1976) is an English chess Grandmaster. His peak rating is 2573, achieved in the January 2006 rating list.
He shared first place at the Politiken Cup in 1998 and in 2003, won the Challengers tournament of the 78th Hastings International Chess Congress.
In September 2006, he tied for 2nd-9th with Luke McShane, Stephen J. Gordon, Gawain Jones, Šarūnas Šulskis, Luís Galego, Klaus Bischoff and Karel van der Weide in the 2nd EU Individual Championship in Liverpool. In November 2006 Gormally was joint winner of the British Rapidplay Chess Championship.
In 2015 he tied for the second place with David Howell and Nicholas Pert in the 102nd British Championship and eventually finished fourth on tiebreak. Also in 2015, he appeared as a contestant in three episodes of the television quiz Fifteen To One and in one episode of The Chase.
Gormally played for the English national team in the 2005 European Team Chess Championship and 2006 Chess Olympiad.
Bibliography
References
External links
Daniel Gormally chess games at 365Chess.com
1976 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
English chess players
British chess writers
Chess Olympiad competitors
Place of birth missing (living people) |
4039825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%206HP%20transmission | ZF 6HP transmission | 6HP is ZF Friedrichshafen AG's trademark name for its six-speed automatic transmission models (6-speed transmission with Hydraulic converter and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. Released as the 6HP26 in 2000, it was the first six-speed automatic transmission in a production passenger car. Other variations of the first generation 6HP in addition to the 6HP26, were 6HP19, and 6HP32 having lower and higher torque capacity, respectively. In 2007, the second generation of the 6HP series was introduced, with models 6HP21 and 6HP28. A 6HP34 was planned, but never went into production.
The 6HP uses a Lepelletier epicyclic/planetary gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with significantly fewer components. This means the 6HP26 is actually lighter than its five-speed 5HP predecessors. It also has the capability to achieve torque converter lock-up on all six forward gears, and disengage it completely when at a standstill, dramatically closing the fuel efficiency gap between automatic and manual transmissions.
The last 6HP automatic transmission was produced by the Saarbrücken plant in March 2014 after 7,050,232 units were produced. The ZF plant in Shanghai continued to produce the 6HP for the Chinese market.
Specifications
Preliminary Note
All ZF 6HP gearboxes have the same gear ratios as the 6R60 and 6R80 gearboxes for passenger cars from Ford have. Deviant gear ratios indicate another manufacturer as shown in the template.
New Paradigm
The 6HP is the first transmission designed according to ZF's new paradigm. After gaining additional gear ratios only with additional components, this time the number of components has to decrease for the first time in spite of the necessity of even more ratios. Coming from 5 gear ratios made of 10 main components (gear sets, Ravigneaux considered as 2, brakes, clutches) to the 6 made of 8 now reflects, what major progress the Lepelletier gear mechanism means compared to conventional designs like the 5HP-family.
Technical data
Technical imperfections
Problems with this transmission are well known. This transmission locks up the torque converter in all gears, increasing wear. Combined with a sealed transmission pan and "lifetime fluid", some people have experienced catastrophic transmission failure. Owners report shift issues when oil begins breaking down beyond 50K miles, hence shifting issues are common.
There are also problems with the valve block and solenoids. When this failure starts to occur, shift quality and speed, torque transfer and even loss of ability to engage gears can occur. These problems led Volkswagen AG to extend the warranty on all of their vehicles equipped with this transmission to 100,000 miles or 10 years.
First generation
6HP19
The 6HP19 transmission was a development of the original 6HP26, but was downgraded for less demanding applications. As such, the 6HP19 is rated at of torque.
Applications
Rear-wheel drive cars:
BMW X3
BMW 520i (E60)
BMW 528i (E60)
BMW 530i, (E60)
BMW 630i, (E63)
BMW 730i/li, (E65/E66)
BMW 318i, 320i, 325i, 328i, 330i, 335i (E9X), pre-LCI
BMW 116i, 118i, 120i (E87), pre-LCI, 135i (E82), 118d (E81)
BMW Z4 E85 LCI, E86
Hyundai Genesis Coupe - 2010-2012 3.8L
6HP19A
The 6HP19A is a variation of the 6HP19 for four-wheel drive applications torque of . It was used by the Volkswagen Group for some permanent four-wheel drive models.
Applications
Audi (B6) A4/S4 (Typ 8E/8H)
Audi (B7) A4/S4 (Typ 8E/8H)
VW Phaeton (Typ 3D)
Audi A6 (Typ C6/4F) 3.0 TDI / 3.2 FSI / 3.0 TFSI
Audi A8 (Typ D3/4E) 3.0 TDI / 3.2 FSI
6HP26
The 6HP26 was the original variation of the 6HP, released in 2000. It was rated for a maximum input torque of . It was first used by the BMW 7 Series (E65) in 2001. Initially only used by premium brands, it was later available on the 2009 model year V8 Hyundai Genesis.
Several versions of the 6HP26 are available depending on application and brand: 6HP26, 6HP26A and 6HP26X.
Applications
Ford has developed their own versions (6R60 and 6R80) based on the 6HP26. Therefore, certain Ford vehicles will not be listed.
Two-wheel drive version:
2001–2008 BMW 7 Series (E65) 735i, 745i, 760i, 730d and 740d
2002–2005 Jaguar XK8/XKR (X100)
2003–2012 Aston Martin DB9
2003–2010 BMW 5 Series (E60)
2003–2010 BMW 6 Series (E63) (Pre-LCI models, 645i / 650i / 635d)
2009–2012 Hyundai Genesis Sedan (4.6L V8)
2003–2008 Jaguar S-Type
2003–2009 Jaguar XJ (X350)
2003–2012 Rolls-Royce Phantom
2005–2011 BMW 3 Series (E90, E92)
2005–2016 Ford Falcon (BF, FG, FG X turbocharged inline-six and V8) Although production of the transmission ended in 2014, Ford retained sufficient inventory to last until end of Falcon production in 2016.
2005–2014 Ford Territory (SY AWD; SZ petrol)
2006–2010 Jaguar XK/XKR (X150)
2007–2012 Maserati Quattroporte
2007–present Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé
2008–2012 Aston Martin DBS V12
2008–2012 BMW 7 Series (F01), except 740d xDrive, 760i/Li and Hybrid 7
2008–2011 Kia Mohave
2008–2012 Jaguar XF (X250)
2006–2009 Bentley Arnage
2008–2011 Bentley Brooklands
2010–2014 Aston Martin Rapide
2011 Hyundai Equus
2011-2012 Aston Martin Virage
2012-2014 Aston Martin Vanquish
6HP26A
The 6HP26A is a variation of the 6HP26 for four-wheel drive applications. It was used by the Volkswagen Group for some permanent four-wheel drive models and packages a TORSEN type center differential, and open front differential into the transmission assembly.
Applications
2002–2016 Volkswagen Phaeton (Typ 3D)
2003–2009 Audi A8 (D3, Typ 4E)
2006–2009 Audi S8 (D3, Typ 4E)
2003–2011 Bentley Continental GT
2005–2013 Bentley Flying Spur
2006–2011 Audi S6 (C6, Typ 4F)
2008–2010 Audi RS6 (C6, Typ 4F)
6HP26X & 6HP26Z
The 6HP26X and 6HP26Z is another variation of the 6HP26, also for four-wheel drive applications. This transmission is suitable for 4WDs with a separate transfer box (the "X" stands for external 4WD).
Applications
2006–2013 Land Rover Range Rover (All with Jaguar type engines or TDV8)
2006–2013 Land Rover Range Rover Sport (4.4-litre and 5.0-litre AJV8 models)
2005–2009 Land Rover Discovery 3 (LR3 in North America)
2010–2013 Land Rover Discovery 4 (LR4 in North America)
2007 BMW X3 (E83) 3.0d (some models)
2005–2011 BMW 330(x)d xDrive (E90/91)
2004–2006 BMW X5 (E53) V8 and 3.0D (6HP26Z)
2007–2013 BMW X5 (E70) (some facelift models use 8HP)
2007 BMW 6 Series (e63/64)
2007-2010 BMW 5 series LCI(530d xdrive)
2003 BMW 7 series E65 745i
6HP32
The 6HP32 is a variation of the 6HP26 for high-output applications. The gearbox's maximum input torque is .
Applications
BMW E65 745d (LCI)
Volkswagen Phaeton 5.0 V10 TDi (6HP-32A, internal 4x4)
Audi Q7 4L V12 TDI
Second generation
6HP21
The 6HP21 was a variation of the 6HP produced in the PRC. It is also alternatively known as 6HP19tu and 6HP19z.
Applications
2011-2014 Ford Falcon (FG2 turbocharged inline-four, naturally-aspirated inline-six, turbocharged inline-six and supercharge V8)
2014–2016 Ford Falcon (FG X turbocharged inline-four, naturally-aspirated inline-six, turbocharged inline-six and supercharged V8 )
2014–2016 Ford Territory (SZ II petrol)
2010-2012 BMW 320d Lci (Thailand) (Engine N47D20)
2011-2013 BMW 335i (E9X)
2013-2015 BMW X1 (E84) xDrive35i
2009 LCI (BMW 528i E60) (Engine: N52B30AE)
6HP28
(also known as BMW GA6HP26Z) The 6HP28 was the second generation of the 6HP gearbox, introduced in mid-2006.
The 6HP28 is rated for a maximum input torque of 700 newton-metres
Applications
Two-wheel drive version:
2009–2012 Jaguar XF (X250)
2009-2014 Jaguar XK (X150)
2010-2012 Jaguar XJ (X351)
2010-2013 BMW E90 (LCI 325d, 330d, 335d)
2007-2009 BMW E60 (LCI Models: 530d, 535d, 535i, 540i, 550i)
2007-2010 BMW E63 (LCI Models: 635d, 650i)
Notes
See also
List of ZF transmissions
References
6HP |
4039827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNoMS%20Rask | HNoMS Rask | Two Royal Norwegian Navy patrol boats have been named Rask (quick).
- a launched in 1887.
- a
Royal Norwegian Navy ship names |
4039837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenii%20muscle | Splenii muscle | Splenii muscle may refer to:
Splenius capitis muscle
Splenius cervicis muscle |
4039843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNoMS%20Snar | HNoMS Snar | Two Royal Norwegian Navy patrol boats have been named Snar (quick):
, a launched in 1887
, a
Royal Norwegian Navy ship names |
5375205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical%20Province%20of%20British%20Columbia%20and%20Yukon | Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia and Yukon | The Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia and Yukon is one of four ecclesiastical provinces in the Anglican Church of Canada. It was founded in 1914 as the Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia, but changed its name in 1943 when the Diocese of Yukon was incorporated from the Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land. The territory covered by the province encompasses the civil province of British Columbia and Yukon. There are five dioceses and one "recognized territory [with] the status of a diocese" in the province:
British Columbia, also known as the diocese of Islands and Inlets (British Columbia)
Caledonia (British Columbia)
Kootenay (British Columbia)
New Westminster (British Columbia)
Yukon (Yukon)
Territory of the People (British Columbia)
The former Diocese of Cariboo's operations were suspended as a result of insolvency arising from liability judgements in the cases of abuse at residential schools operated by the Diocese. The parishes within her territory have been administered, as the Anglican Parishes of the Central Interior, by a suffragan bishop to the Metropolitan since 2004, and were became a "recognized territory [with] the status of a diocese" on November 14, 2015.
Provinces of the Anglican Church of Canada are headed by a Metropolitan, elected from among the province's diocesan bishops. This bishop then becomes Archbishop of his or her diocese and Metropolitan of the Province. The current Metropolitan of the Province of British Columbia and Yukon is Lynne McNaughton of the Diocese of Kootenay.
Metropolitans of British Columbia and Yukon
Suffragan bishops to the Metropolitan
Gordon Light (2004–2008)
Barbara Andrews (2009–2020)
See also
Ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Church of Canada
List of dioceses of the Anglican Church of Canada
References
External links
The British Columbia and Yukon Anglican Youth Movement - The BCYAYM is the Anglican youth movement of the ecclesiastical province of BC and Yukon. The fall conference has taken place at Canadian Thanksgiving for more than 50 years.
Anglican archbishops in Canada
Organizations based in British Columbia
Christian organizations established in 1914
Christian organizations established in 1943
Christianity in British Columbia
Christianity in Yukon
Ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Church of Canada |
4039844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurhaus%20of%20Scheveningen | Kurhaus of Scheveningen | The Kurhaus of Scheveningen, The Hague in the Netherlands is a hotel which has been called the Grand Hotel Amrâth Kurhaus The Hague since October 2014. It is located in the main seaside resort area, near the beach.
History
The Kurhaus was built between 1884 and 1885 by the German architects Johann Friedrich Henkenhaf and Friedrich Ebert. It consisted originally of a concert hall and a hotel with 120 rooms. Having suffered serious damage by fire, it was rebuilt between 1886 and 1887. The ceilings were painted by the Brussels artist Van Hoeck and his large workshop. Several kings and heads of state sojourned in the Kurhaus during its heyday.
Until the mid 1960s, the Kurhaus remained a public attraction as a major concert hall, at which many top artists performed. The Rolling Stones performed at the Kurhaus on August 8, 1964, and had to flee the building due to the vast numbers of excited fans outside.
Ike & Tina Turner performed at the Kurhaus on February 11, 1971. The show was aired on Dutch television VPRO and released on DVD in 2004 as The Legends Ike & Tina Turner Live in '71.
The Kurhaus was saved from demolition in 1975 by being listed as a historic building, and was completely renovated. It was reopened in 1979 in the presence of Princess Beatrix.
References
External links
Rijksmonuments in The Hague
Casinos in the Netherlands
Scheveningen
Music venues completed in 1885
Hotel buildings completed in 1885
Music venues completed in 1887
Hotel buildings completed in 1887
Hotels in the Netherlands |
5375225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Kennedy%20%28rugby%20league%29 | Ben Kennedy (rugby league) | Ben “BK” Kennedy is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australian international representative forward, he played his club football for the Canberra Raiders, Newcastle Knights (with whom he won the 2001 NRL Premiership) and the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles.
Early life
Kennedy was born in Casino, New South Wales, Australia.
Kennedy played GPS 1st 15 rugby union at St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill when he transferred to grade 12 from Casino High, and was selected in the Australian Schoolboys side. He switched to rugby league, playing for the Casino Cougars.
Playing career
Kennedy started his post-school career playing Rugby Union for three years with the Manly Marlins in the Shute Shield. His NRL career started with the Canberra Raiders in 1996 where he was named the club's Rookie of the Year. He had four seasons with the club though the 1999 season was coloured by questions whether he had agreed to terms with the Newcastle Knights before the mid season anti-tampering deadline. He was first selected for New South Wales in 1999 and went on to play 13 State of Origins.
In 1999, Kennedy and Brandon Pearson were sent home from training after being involved in a drinking session. There were claims that the pair had taken drugs, and Pearson confessed to taking an illicit substance, but Kennedy claimed to have spat the tablet out. Subsequent drug tests for both returned negative.
Kennedy saw premiership victory during his five-year stint with the Newcastle Knights from 2000 and was selected to national honours while playing for the Knights. He debuted for Australia in 2000 when the Kangaroos played Fiji in the World Cup tournament.
Kennedy scored a try in Newcastle's 2001 NRL Grand Final victory. At the end of the 2001 NRL season, he went on the 2001 Kangaroo tour. In 2011, 10 years after Newcastle's grand final victory, Kennedy spoke to the media at The Once a Knight reunion lunch recalling his memories of the 2001 final. Kennedy said ‘‘They came into the game under a shitload of pressure but for us, it was just a good time and a heap of fun. Parra were shitting themselves and we were having a good time".
After missing representative opportunities in 2003 due to injury and surgery.
In his final seasons 2005–06 he captained the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. He appeared in six out of the seven Australian Test matches in 2005. Along with former club teammate and friend Andrew Johns, Kennedy finished his international career in the 2006 Anzac Test.
His final club match was Manly's 2006 Semi Final loss St George Illawarra at Aussie Stadium.
References
External links
Official profile on NRL.com
State of Origin Official website Rugby League Player Stats
2001 Ashes profile
1974 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Australia national rugby league team players
Canberra Raiders players
Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles captains
Newcastle Knights players
Newcastle Knights captains
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
People educated at St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill
Rugby league players from Casino, New South Wales
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league locks |
5375236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkered%20Flag%20%28film%29 | Checkered Flag (film) | Checkered Flag is a 1990 made-for-television film by John Glen and Michael Levine.
Plot
Race car driver Mike Reardon and mechanic Tommy Trehearn are the best of friends whose friendship is damaged, however, when Reardon's girlfriend Chris ends up falling for Trehearn. Years later, Trehearn and Chris are married with children and move to Arizona when Trehearn is selected to be a mechanic for a new racing team, of which Reardon also happens to be a part.
Cast
Billy Campbell as Tommy Trehearn
Rob Estes as Mike Reardon
Amanda Wyss as Chris
Robert Forster as Jack Cotton
Pernell Roberts as Andrew Valiant
Production and release
The film was produced as a TV pilot but was not picked up for a series. Sometime after its TV premiere, it was released on videocassette in Canada by Malofilm, and in 1993 in the United States by Rhino Home Video. No plans have been made to release this film onto DVD.
The film is rated R16 in New Zealand for violence, offensive language and sex scenes.
References
External links
1990 films
Films directed by John Glen
1990 drama films
American auto racing films
Television pilots not picked up as a series
New World Pictures films
Films set in Arizona
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
5375238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makuta | Makuta | Makuta may refer to:
Makuṭa, royal headgear in Southeast Asia
Makuta (drum), tall cylindrical or barrel-shaped Afro-Cuban drums
Makuta VFX, Indian visual effects and animation company in California
Makuta, Botswana, a village
Makuta, Malawi, a village
Makuta Station, a train station in Kisarazu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
Manuha (a.k.a. Makuta), the last king of the Thaton Kingdom
Makuta, a denomination of the Zairean zaire
Makuta, a central villain and species from the Lego Bionicle Franchise |
5375255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laona%2C%20New%20York | Laona, New York | Laona is a hamlet in Chautauqua County, New York, United States, near the village of Fredonia. It is part of the town of Pomfret and New York State Route 60 passes through the hamlet. Laona is at an elevation of above sea level.
Laona has been an area of importance to Spiritualist groups since the mid-19th century. Spiritualism began there in the winter of 1844-45 and over the next several years, a number of mediums converged there. The Laona Free Association organized soon after 1850 and the First Spiritualist Society of Laona was formed in 1855.
The American composer Alan Hovhaness visited Laona and composed two works inspired by the hamlet: Laona (for piano) and Dawn at Laona, Op. 153 (cantata for low voice and piano).
See also
Lily Dale, New York
References
External links
Laona Railroad Stations
Article about Laona
Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Chautauqua County, New York |
4039847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer%20Heil | Jennifer Heil | Jennifer Heil (born April 11, 1983) is a Canadian freestyle skier from Spruce Grove, Alberta. Heil started skiing at age two. Jennifer Heil won the first gold medal for Canada in the 2006 Winter Olympics games in Turin, Italy and a silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, which was also Canada's first medal in those games. Heil is the reigning world champion in dual moguls. She has three world championship titles in total and two silver medals from the Worlds as well. Over her career, Heil has won a record-tying five overall FIS World Cup Crystal Globe titles for freestyle skiing.
Heil is involved with several charitable organisations including Because I am a Girl and Right to Play. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Heil donated $25,000 to Because I am a Girl. Heil also speaks to students across Canada along a theme of Dare to Dream, and hosts an annual "girls only" mogul skiing camp. B2ten, created with the help of Heil, is a privately run business model organisation with the intent of raising funds to support amateur Canadian athletes.
Career
Early career
Heil competed in her first Olympics at the 2002 Winter Olympics at the age of 18, finishing fourth in the moguls, just one-hundredth of a point out of a bronze medal. She took the 2002–03 season off due to injury, and then won the World Cup in 2003–04, 2004–05 and 2005–06. Heil then won the first gold medal for Canada in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Giving Canada its first victory on the first full day of competition, Heil placed her title in the moguls event. Following the Olympics, Heil completed the season by winning her fourth straight World Cup title.
B2ten
Jennifer Heil took part in extensive experimental training in order to prepare for the Olympic Games. She worked with one of Canada's leading sports psychologists, a strength trainer, and an athletic therapist daily. After winning in 2006, Jennifer expressed her desire to build a program that would offer the same kind of support she got to other athletes in Canada. JD Miller and her coach Dominick Gauthier helped her build B2ten who now raised about 3 million dollars and supports 20 athletes from 13 different sports. Heil took the 2008 season off in order to help heal her injured knees. Following that year, Heil had a very successful 2008–09 world cup season. This included a silver medal during the stop at Cypress Mountain which was the site of the moguls competition for the 2010 Winter Olympics.
2010 Vancouver Olympics
Going into the 2010 Olympics, Heil won the last 4 2009–10 Freestyle Skiing World Cup events that she entered. She opted out of the last event before the games to give her fellow countrymen an opportunity to qualify for the games. The women's moguls qualifications began in unfavourable weather conditions with rain, sleet, and slushy conditions on the course. Heil finished the qualification in second place, meaning she ran second-to-last in the final. In the final Heil had a successful and fast run which put her in first place with one skier yet to go. Heil sat, watched, and waited as Hannah Kearney of the US had her final run. Kearney finished first and displaced Heil for both the gold and as Olympic champion.
Heil was visibly distraught as many including herself expected her to win the gold medal. Heil had gone into the event as the reigning Olympic champion and favourite not only to win the gold, but Canada's first gold medal during a Canadian hosted Olympics ever. Heil's B2ten company was founded in part to win the first gold at home and assist fellow Canadians in their quest for medals. The honour of winning the first home-soil Olympic gold medal would go to Alexandre Bilodeau the next day on Sunday, February 14. Although Heil herself did not win it, Bilodeau's victory deserves some credit from Heil as he is a sponsored B2ten athlete as well. The next day Heil was seen on television celebrating her silver medal. She went on to say that she did not lose the gold but won the silver medal and was celebrating on stage at the medal ceremony.
According to CTV an average of about 6.6 million and a peak of 8 million Canadians tuned into their television to watch Heil try and break the gold medal slump. More Canadians watched Heil try to win gold than the 6 million that had watched the New Orleans Saints win Super Bowl XLIV.
Following her 2010 Olympics silver medal win at the Cypress Mountain venue near Vancouver, Heil went on to say that this would likely be her last games. Heil said that she wants to win a third world championship next year in 2011, following that she would like to get on with her post-mogul career. Heil said she hoped to finish her degree in management studies at McGill University after retiring following the 2010–11 season and planned to continue her work in jewellery design. She also stated that she plans to continue her work in philanthropy. Following the 2010 Olympics Heil again made a donation of $25,000, this time to Because I am a Girl, an organization that helps lift girls out of poverty. Heil said of her donation that "I’ve had the power in my hands to help and many young girls don’t have that same power. We want to make this Canada’s most giving Games ever." Alexandre Bilodeau also made a donation but he made his to the Canadian Association of Pediatric Health Centres for cerebral palsy. They both went on to encourage others to give saying that they have the ability to give back and if others were to help in their own way it would make a difference.
Finishing her career
During January of the 2010–11 World Cup season, Heil officially announced her retirement prior to the Canadian stop at the Canada Olympic Park in Calgary. Heil would say of her retirement that "I'm definitely in good shape. I could go for one more Olympic Games. I'm still at the top of my game, but for me I feel it's an important time to build on my future. I want to be as successful off the slopes as I have been on the slopes and I feel that time is now. I feel that in my heart."
Heil's next event was at the 2011 FIS World Championships. In her last event there in the moguls final, Heil won her first ever gold medal and first ever medal having previously won only in the dual moguls event. Heil said of her win there that "It's a title I've never won before and there's been a lot of discussion about that in Canada. I've never been one to count my medals and count my titles, but I'm pretty happy that that conversation is over." For the last day of the World Championships, Heil competed in the dual moguls event. There she advanced to the final where she defeated young teammate Chloé Dufour-Lapointe to win her second gold medal of the competition. The victory was her third successive dual moguls crown, more importantly it ensured that Heil would end her career as a double world champion. As a result of her dual championship golds she was awarded the Canadian Press's female athlete of the year for 2011.
Personal life
Heil is a management and political science student at Desautels Faculty of Management of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Heil is involved in several charities including Right to Play, a sports-based humanitarian agency, and Plan Canada’s Because I am a Girl, a program that promotes girls' rights internationally. She has stated that she wishes to continue her efforts in these charities following her retirement. In her spare time, Heil is an avid surfer.
Heil's boyfriend, Dominick Gauthier, is also her coach. They started dating in 2004 when Gauthier was coaching the Japanese moguls team. Gauthier is also the coach of men's mogul skier, Alexandre Bilodeau.
References
External links
TSN article
CTV Olympic profile
1983 births
Living people
Canadian female freestyle skiers
Freestyle skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic freestyle skiers of Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in freestyle skiing
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
People from Spruce Grove
Sportspeople from Alberta
McGill University Faculty of Management alumni |
5375262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Bowen%20%28American%20football%29 | Matt Bowen (American football) | Matthew Sean Bowen (born November 12, 1976) is a former American football strong safety in the National Football League. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes, and was drafted by the St. Louis Rams 198th overall in the 2000 NFL Draft, also the last pick before Tom Brady. Bowen currently works as a sports journalist.
High school career
Bowen was an all-state, all-area and all-conference selection as a quarterback at Glenbard West High School in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. He was originally recruited to Iowa as a quarterback after finishing his senior season as team captain and MVP after passing for 1,533 yards and 17 touchdowns, and gaining 1,329 yards and 17 scores on the ground. He also played three seasons of baseball and four seasons of basketball. His mentor was Hasani Steele, who played in the Rose Bowl with Northwestern University.
College career
Bowen was a four-year letterwinner (1996–99) at Iowa, he started his final two seasons and earned second-team All-America recognition and first-team All-Big Ten honors. He posted a career-high 109 tackles (76 solo) and two INTs as a senior and led the team with 92 tackles (57 solo) and two interceptions as a junior.
NFL career
St. Louis Rams
Matt Bowen was drafted in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL draft by the St. Louis Rams. He was the 198th player to be selected overall and the final player to be selected before the New England Patriots drafted Tom Brady one pick later. He earned St. Louis' Rookie of the Year award after starting at strong safety in two contests and appearing in 16 regular season games. He also saw action in the Rams' Wild Card playoff at New Orleans. He finished the season with 21 tackles (15 solo) and two passes broken up. He also recorded 21 special teams tackles to tie for the club lead.
Green Bay Packers
In 2001, Bowen signed with the Green Bay Packers to provide depth and help to the Packers secondary and special teams. He started the 2001 campaign with St. Louis, but suffered a broken right foot in the season opener and was inactive for the following two games. He was placed on injured reserve on October 3 and was eventually waived on November 6. He played in Green Bay's last five games on defense and special teams, recording four special teams tackles.
In 2002, Bowen appeared in all 16 games, starting six, contributing as a backup safety, a valued special teams contributor as well as a weekly participant in the club's dime package defense. He was named the starter at strong safety during Weeks 4–7 when Antuan Edwards was sidelined with a fractured forearm. He also started at free safety for Darren Sharper in the regular-season finale. He made his first-career postseason start against Atlanta in the NFC Wild Card playoff contest, responding to the challenge with a game- and career-high 15 tackles and two passes defensed. He finished the season with a career-high 42 tackles (27 solo), good for second among reserves. Bowen also added a forced fumble, one interception and seven passes defended.
Washington Redskins
Bowen signed with the Washington Redskins as a restricted free agent from the Green Bay Packers in March 2003. For the first time in his NFL career, Bowen started all 16 games in a season. He finished his campaign with 94 tackles (73 solo), three interceptions, two forced fumbles and two fumble recoveries.
In 2004, Bowen started the first five games at strong safety for the Redskins before suffering a torn ACL on his right knee on a special teams play. He was placed on injured reserve on October 11.
In 2005, Bowen saw action in 13 games, tallied 14 tackles, including 13 solo.
Buffalo Bills
On March 10, 2006, the Washington Redskins released him as an unrestricted free-agent, upon which on March 16, 2006, he signed a two-year, $2 million contract with the Buffalo Bills, which included a $300,000 signing bonus. He appeared in five games for the Bills and was subsequently released on March 1, 2007.
After playing career
Bowen currently works as a sports journalist and NFL writer for ESPN where he provides a former player's perspective on the inner workings of the league. He previously spent time working for Bleacher Report and the National Football Post website and has been a contributor to the Chicago Tribune website. He was also contributor on the Boers and Bernstein show.
He also earned a master's in writing and publishing from DePaul University.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
American football safeties
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Buffalo Bills players
Green Bay Packers players
St. Louis Rams players
Washington Redskins players
People from Glen Ellyn, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
Sportspeople from DuPage County, Illinois
Sportswriters from Illinois |
5375294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Unitarian%20Universalists | European Unitarian Universalists | The European Unitarian Universalists (EUU) is a network of English-speaking Unitarian Universalist fellowships and individuals in Western Continental Europe. It was founded in 1982 to provide support and religious community for expatriate American Unitarian Universalists in Europe, although it increasingly includes European natives.
About half of the over 200 members belong to lay-led fellowships that share resources and programs. The largest fellowship is in Paris (France). Other fellowships are located in different cities in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, and other countries. The EUU sponsors two continental gatherings per year and publishes a bi-monthly newsletter.
External links
Website of the European Unitarian Universalists
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Paris
Unitarian Universalist organizations
Religious organizations established in 1982
Religion in Europe
1982 establishments in Europe |
5375296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Land%20Use%20Interpretation | Center for Land Use Interpretation | The Center for Land Use Interpretation (CLUI) is a non-profit research and education organization involved in exploring, examining, and understanding contemporary landscape issues in the United States. Founded in 1994, the CLUI organizes exhibitions, programs, field trips, and maintains an online archive and database to engage the public's understanding of the man-made landscape, and extent and impacts of human interactions with the surface of the earth. The Center employs a variety of methods to this end, engaging in research, classification, extrapolation, and exhibition.
Mission
The mission statement of the CLUI is to "increase and diffuse knowledge about how the nation's lands are apportioned, utilized, and perceived."
Programs and projects
The CLUI also executes exhibitions, research projects, and public programs. The Center's programs and projects cover many types of land uses in the US, including those related to agriculture, energy, industry, mining, communication, waste management, water resources, transportation, commerce, housing, recreation, and defense and preparedness.
The organization produces exhibitions about land use phenomenology in the US, and displays them at its exhibit locations and at other museum and non-commercial and educational venues. The CLUI produces publications, online resources, tours, lectures, and other public programs across the country. Activities of the Center are summarized and discussed in its annual newsletter, The Lay of the Land, in print and online.
The CLUI's main office is in Los Angeles where it operates a display space open to the public. It also operates other facilities and interpretive sites throughout the US, including in Wendover, Utah, at a former military facility, where the CLUI operated an artist residency program from 1996-2016; and the Desert Research Station in Hinkley, California.
CLUI is also the lead agency for the establishment of the American Land Museum, a network of exhibition sites in various interpretive zones across the country, which together form a dynamic portrait of the national landscape. According to Coolidge, the "man made landscape is a cultural inscription that can help us better understand who we are and what we are doing."
The CLUI organizes public field trips to sites of interesting and unusual land use. This has been documented in the book, Overlook: Exploring the Internal Fringes of America with the Center for Land Use Interpretation.
Reception
Neither an environmental organization nor an artist collective, CLUI resists categorization by maintaining a diverse, eclectic program of activities that invite a closer examination of "humankind's interaction with the Earth's surface." Writer and curator Lucy Lippard suggests the CLUI occupies “a tantalizing liminal space (that) has opened up between disciplines, between the arts, geography, history, archeology, sociology.”
Culture writer Doug Harvey says that the Center is known for its "multidisciplinary examinations of human/landscape interaction, 'uncategorizable'." He refers to CLUI programs, such as the 2008 Post Consumed exhibit and bus tour as "subtly infused with formal beauty and wit ... unobtrusively informed by a patchwork of art historical, contemporary theoretical, sociological and geopolitical concerns and brimming with new information you don't know is here until the ride home."
According to the Los Angeles Times' architecture critic, Christopher Hawthorne, the CLUI's activities "all tell some version of the same story: how we shape and find meaning in the physical landscape around us, whether it's through oil exploration, architecture, map-making or freeway building."
The CLUI specializes in what writer Nicola Twilley describes as a "brand of perceptual revelation ... in which a previously overlooked site is made not only visible, but also legible as a guide to understanding larger, nationwide systems."
Online resources
The CLUI makes a collection of "unusual and exemplary" land use sites in the United States available online, through its database. The database compiles site-specific images taken by members of the CLUI, and are attributed to the CLUI Photo Archive. Also available through the CLUI website is the Morgan Cowles Archive, an online image resource that presents thematic photo collections, drawn from over 100,000 images of thousands of locations taken by a range of CLUI participants throughout the years, which exists though the support of "an endowment from the family and friends of Morgan Cowles, in his memory."
References
External links
Official Center for Land Use Interpretation website
The CLUI Land Use Database
Morgan Cowles Photo Archive
See also
Sense of place
Cultural landscape
Land art
Land management in the United States
Environmental organizations based in California
Non-profit organizations based in California
Organizations based in Los Angeles
Architecture museums in the United States
Museums in Los Angeles
Natural history museums in California
Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles
Palms, Los Angeles
Buildings and structures in Culver City, California
Museums established in 1994
1994 establishments in California |
4039848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsdiecker%20reaction | Hunsdiecker reaction | The Hunsdiecker reaction (also called the Borodin reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction) is a name reaction in organic chemistry whereby silver salts of carboxylic acids react with a halogen to produce an organic halide. It is an example of both a decarboxylation and a halogenation reaction as the product has one fewer carbon atoms than the starting material (lost as carbon dioxide) and a halogen atom is introduced its place. The reaction was first demonstrated by Alexander Borodin in his 1861 reports of the preparation of methyl bromide () from silver acetate (). Shortly after, the approach was applied to the degradation of fatty acids in the laboratory of Adolf Lieben. However, it is named for Cläre Hunsdiecker and her husband Heinz Hunsdiecker, whose work in the 1930s developed it into a general method. Several reviews have been published, and a catalytic approach has been developed.
History
Alexander Borodin first observed the reaction in 1861 when he prepared methyl bromide from silver acetate. The reaction is a decarboxylation in that alkyl halide product has one fewer carbon atoms than its parent carboxylate, lost as carbon dioxide.
+ → + +
Around the same time, Angelo Simonini was working as a student of Adolf Lieben at the University of Vienna, investigating the reactions of silver carboxylates with iodine. They found that the products formed are determined by the stoichiometry within the reaction mixture. Using a carboxylate-to-iodine ratio of 1:1 leads to an alkyl iodide product, in line with Borodin's findings and the modern understanding of the Hunsdiecker reaction. However, a 2:1 ratio favours the formation of an ester product that arises from decarboxylation of one carboxylate and coupling the resulting alkyl chain with the other.
Using a 3:2 ratio of reactants leads to the formation of a 1:1 mixture of both products. These processes are sometimes known as the Simonini reaction rather than as modifications of the Hunsdiecker reaction.
3 + 2 → + + 2 + 3
It is now well established that mercuric oxide can also be used to effect this transformation. The reaction has been applied to the preparation of ω-bromo esters with chain lengths between five and seventeen carbon atoms, with the preparation of methyl 5-bromovalerate published in Organic Syntheses as an exemplar.
Reaction mechanism
The reaction mechanism of the Hunsdiecker reaction is believed to involve organic radical intermediates. The silver salt 1 will quickly react with bromine to form the acyl hypohalite intermediate 2. Formation of the diradical pair 3 allows for radical decarboxylation to form the diradical pair 4, which will quickly recombine to form the desired organic halide 5. The trend in the yield of the resulting halide is primary > secondary > tertiary.
Reaction with α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids
Chowdhury and Roy noted several drawbacks of using the Hunsdiecker reaction, namely that some reagents, such as molecular bromine and salts of mercury, thallium, lead, and silver, are inherently toxic and that reactions with α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids result in low yield. Regarding reactions using α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids, Kuang et al. modified the reaction with using a new halogenating agent, N-halosuccinimide, and lithium acetate as the catalyst, which resulted in higher yield of β-halostyrenes. They found that using microwave irradiation could synthesize (E)-β-arylvinyl halide much quicker with higher yields. This is useful because synthesizing (E)-vinyl bromide in general is not very practical due to the complexity of alternative reagents (e.g. organometallic compounds), longer reaction times, and lower yields. Using microwave irradiation also allows the synthesized arylvinyl halide to carry electron-donating groups (in addition to electron-withdrawing groups), which is not possible with alternative synthetic methods. While tetrabutylammonium trifluoroacetate (TBATFA) could be used as an alternative catalyst for a metal-free reaction, it was noted that lithium acetate resulted in higher yields compared to other relatively complex catalysts, including tetrabutylammonium trifluoroacetate. An alternative method using micelles was found, with green characteristics. Micelles generally facilitate reactions thanks to their solublization capability and here, it was found that a reaction with α,β-unsaturated aromatic carboxylic acids and N-halosuccinimide catalyzed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 in dichloroethane (DCE) carried out under reflux conditions of 20–60 minutes formed β-halostyrenes in excellent yields with high regioselectivity.
Variations
Mercuric oxide
Lampman and Aumiller used mercuric oxide and bromine to prepare 1-bromo-3-chlorocyclobutane from 3-chlorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid in a modification of the Hunsdiecker reaction. This is known as Cristol-Firth modification. The product had previously been shown by Wiberg to react with molten sodium metal to form bicyclobutane via a Wurtz coupling in good yield.
Kochi reaction
The Kochi reaction is a variation on the Hunsdiecker reaction developed by Jay Kochi that uses lead(IV) acetate and lithium chloride (lithium bromide can also be used) to effect the halogenation and decarboxylation.
See also
Barton decarboxylation
Barton–McCombie deoxygenation
References
External links
Animation of the reaction mechanism
Free radical reactions
Halogenation reactions
Name reactions |
5375330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Lanka%20dry-zone%20dry%20evergreen%20forests | Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests | The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of the island of Sri Lanka.
Geography
The ecoregion covers an area of , about 75%, of the island of Sri Lanka, with the exception of the islands' southwestern corner and Central Highlands, home to the Sri Lanka lowland rain forests and Sri Lanka montane rain forests ecoregions, respectively, and the northern Jaffna Peninsula, which is part of the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion.
The topography is generally low, and the landscape is dotted with isolated inselbergs. The highest of these inselbergs is Ritigala (766 meters), which lies north of the Central Highlands.
Climate
The ecoregion receives 1500–2000 mm of rainfall annually. Most rain falls during the December-to-March northeast monsoon season, and it is mostly dry the rest of the year.
Flora
The ecoregion has several plant communities.
Mixed dry evergreen forest is the most widespread plant community. Manilkara hexandra, Chloroxylon swietenia, and Drypetes sepiaria are characteristic trees, with Diospyros ebenum, Feronia limonia, Vitex altissima, Syzygium spp., and Chukrasia tabularis. In mature forests, the trees form a canopy of 13–20 meters, with sub-canopy and shrub layers. In areas of scrub and regenerating forest, Bauhinia racemosa, Pterospermum suberifolium, Cassia fistula, and Dichrostachys cinerea are typical. Acacia thorn scrub grows in disturbed areas.
Talawa is a submontane savanna and grassland plant community, located on the eastern and southeastern slopes of the Central Highlands. Characteristic trees are Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Butea monosperma, Careya arborea, and Anogeissus latifolia, and the characteristic shrubs Phyllanthus emblica and Zizyphus spp. Tall perennial grasses are the predominant ground vegetation, chiefly Cymbopogon nardus and Imperata cylindrica.
Villu is a lowland grassland plant community of northeastern Sri Lanka's river floodplains. The dominant grasses are species of Cymbopogon, Eragrostis, Themeda, and Imperata.
unique short-stature forests grow in the highest elevations of Ritigala, and are home to several endemic species.
recently discovered unique dry canal-associated evergreen forest grow near the ancient canals of the Polonnaruwa kingdom, dominated by Vitex leucoxylon which represents half of the vegetation, and Terminalia arjuna, which is a common river forest tree, makes up only a fifth, but still holds the place as the second most common tree. other common vegetation in descending order are Margaritaria indicus, Tamilnadia uliginosa, Barringtonia acutangula and Hibiscus tiliaceus. The presence of savanna plants like Tamilnadia uliginosa and Antidesma ghaesembilla suggests origin of a now nonexistent savanna.
The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are made up mostly of evergreen trees, which distinguish them from the deciduous trees that characterize most other tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. The dry-zone dry evergreen forests most closely resemble the East Deccan dry evergreen forests of India's southeast coast.
Fauna
The dry-zone dry evergreen forests are home to most of the Sri Lanka's 6000 Sri Lankan elephants (Elephas maximus maximus), the island's indigenous subspecies of Asian elephant.
Protected areas
17,736 km², or 37%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include:
Angammedilla National Park ()
Bundala National Park ()
Flood Plains National Park ()
Gal Oya National Park ()
Horowpathana National Park ()
Kaudulla National Park ()
Kumana National Park (Yala East) ()
Lahugala Kitulana National Park ()
Lunugamvehera National Park ()
Madhu Road National Park ()
Maduru Oya National Park ()
Minneriya National Park ()
Pigeon Island National Park ()
Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve ()
Somawathiya National Park ()
Udawalawe National Park ()
Ussangoda National Park ()
Wasgamuwa National Park ()
Wilpattu National Park ()
Yala National Park (Ruhuna) ()
See also
Deforestation in Sri Lanka
External links
References
Ecoregions of Sri Lanka
Indomalayan ecoregions
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests |
5375331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus%20Herman%20Pettibone | Augustus Herman Pettibone | Augustus Herman Pettibone (January 21, 1835 – November 26, 1918) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 1st congressional district of Tennessee.
Biography
Pettibone was born in Bedford, Ohio, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, son of Augustus N. and Nancy L. (Hathaway) Pettibone. He graduated from Hiram College in Ohio and then from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1859. He studied law, with the Hon. Jonathan E. Arnold, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. He then commenced practice in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was married three times. On July 16, 1868, he married Mary C. Speck, of Rogersville, Tennessee, daughter of George C. Speck. His second wife was Sara Bradford Young, and his third wife was Serafina Deery M. Trigg.
Career
During the American Civil War, Pettibone enlisted as a private in the Union Army in 1861 and was promoted to second lieutenant, captain, and major in the 20th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment.
Pettibone continued the practice of law in Greeneville, Tennessee, in 1865. He served as an alderman of Greenville from 1866 to 1868. He was an attorney general for the first judicial circuit of Tennessee in 1869 and 1870. He was appointed an assistant United States district attorney for the eastern district of Tennessee on December 27, 1871, serving until 1880. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880.
Elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses, Pettibone served from March 4, 1881, to March 3, 1887. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1886, but resumed the practice of law and served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1897 to 1899. He was appointed a special agent of the General Land Office and served from July 17, 1899, to January 31, 1905, when he resigned.
Death
Pettibone died in Nashville, Tennessee, and is interred in Nashville National Cemetery in Madison, Tennessee, in Davidson County, Tennessee.
References
External links
1835 births
1918 deaths
People from Bedford, Ohio
Hiram College alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Union Army officers
Tennessee city council members
Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Politicians from La Crosse, Wisconsin
People from Greeneville, Tennessee
People from Nashville, Tennessee
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee lawyers
Wisconsin lawyers
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers |
5375344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20of%20Free%20Trade%20Unions%20of%20Slovenia | Association of Free Trade Unions of Slovenia | The Association of Free Trade Unions of Slovenia () (ZSSS) is the largest national trade union center in Slovenia, with a membership of 300,000. It was formed from the remains of the old Yugoslav-era unions.
The ZSSS has control of all four of the trade union seats in the National Council of Slovenia, and is affiliated with the European Trade Union Confederation.
References
External links
ZSSS official site.
Trade unions in Slovenia
European Trade Union Confederation |
5375348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZSSS | ZSSS | ZSSS may refer to:
ICAO code for Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport
Association of Free Trade Unions of Slovenia |
5375350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Hot%20Skate%20Rock | Red Hot Skate Rock | Red Hot Skate Rock is a 30-minute music film filmed on September 20, 1987 by Vision Street Wear at the Vision Skate Escape in Los Angeles. The film features an 8-song performance by the Red Hot Chili Peppers during the band's The Uplift Mofo Party Plan tour and includes skate demos by skateboarders Tony Hawk, Mike McGill, Steve Caballero, Chris Miller and many more pro skaters. To date, Red Hot Skate Rock was the first and only officially released video recording of the original Red Hot Chili Peppers lineup. Guitarist Hillel Slovak died of a drug overdose less than a year later and Irons would quit shortly after Slovak's death.
Red Hot Skate Rock was released on VHS in 1988 though has since gone out of print. Vision released the film on DVD in 2002 through their website under the name Vision Classic Street Wear: Classic Sk8 volume 2 and features other skate videos from the 80's, which is also out of print and extremely hard to find.
Track listing
"Nevermind" (studio recording)
"Out in L.A."
"Me and My Friends"
"Blackeyed Blonde"
"Fight Like a Brave"
"Catholic School Girls Rule"/"What Is Soul?"/"Whole Lotta Love"/"Back in Black"
"Mommy Where's Daddy"
"Love Trilogy"
"Fire"
Personnel
Anthony Kiedis – vocals
Flea – bass, backing vocals
Hillel Slovak – guitar, backing vocals
Jack Irons – drums
1988 short films
1988 films
Red Hot Chili Peppers video albums
Films shot in Los Angeles |
5375354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Jesus | American Jesus | "American Jesus" is the first single by Bad Religion from their 1993 album Recipe for Hate. It was their second all-time single since their signing to Atlantic Records. Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam provides backing vocals on the track.
Explanation
"American Jesus" takes on the idea that God favors America, rather than other countries. Greg Graffin said "During the Gulf War, George Bush said, 'We'll win, because God is on our side!'. What an amazing statement!" The song touches on antisemitism, war, and religion as an excuse.
Music video
The video is entirely in sepia tone. It shows the band driving around in a car through Los Angeles, with various pedestrians carrying crosses around the city with blindfolds on. The video cuts to clips of the band performing in the desert as well as Graffin walking through the city. It ends with the civilians chanting "one nation, under God" while standing in a row.
Track listing
Atlantic CD Promo
"American Jesus" (radio remix version)
Sympathy For The Record Industry 7" Single
"American Jesus"
"Stealth"
Semaphore Records CD Promo
"American Jesus"
"Skyscraper"
See also
List of anti-war songs
References
External links
1993 singles
Bad Religion songs
1993 songs
Epitaph Records singles
Sympathy for the Record Industry singles
Atlantic Records singles
Songs written by Brett Gurewitz
Songs written by Greg Graffin
Songs about Jesus
Songs critical of religion
Protest songs |
5375357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichenau%20an%20der%20Rax | Reichenau an der Rax | Reichenau an der Rax is a market town in the Austrian state of Lower Austria, situated at the foot of the Rax mountain range on the Schwarza river, a headstream of the Leitha.
History
Reichenau castle was first mentioned in a 1256 deed. Duke Otto IV the Merry, who in 1327 had established the abbey of Neuberg, acquired Reichenau in 1333 and granted it to the monastery.
Original an ore mining and forestry area, Reichenau due to its picturesque setting became a summer resort of the Viennese nobility in the 19th century. From 1854 on the development of the area was decisively promoted by the opening of the Semmering railway line with a train station in neighbouring Payerbach, part of the Austrian Southern Railway (Südbahn) from the Vienna Südbahnhof to Trieste. Reichenau was directly connected to Payerbach by the Höllentalbahn narrow gauge railway in 1926 at the same time with the opening of the Raxseilbahn, the oldest aerial tramway in Austria.
In 1873 a drinking water pipeline to Vienna was built to supply the Austro-Hungarian capital with mountain water rising from the Rax range.
In 1872 Archduke Charles Louis of Austria had the Villa Wartholz residence erected near his favourite hunting grounds, according to plans by Heinrich von Ferstel. In 1889 Nathaniel Anselm von Rothschild followed with the building of Hinterleiten Palace. He however did not spend much time in Reichenau and shortly afterwards donated the palais to a veterans foundation, while the Villa Wartholz remained a seat of the Habsburg family, especially of Charles and his wife Zita; their first son, Otto, was born and baptized there, and when Charles become Emperor of Austria, Villa Wartholz was his summer residence in the years 1917 and 1918.
Reichenau was also the summer retreat of the author Heimito von Doderer, where he wrote large parts of his novel Die Strudlhofstiege.
The priest Heinrich Maier, head of the spectacular Austrian resistance group during the Nazi era, was a chaplain in Reichenau in the 1930s. His very successful Catholic resistance group very successfully passed on plans and production facilities for V-1, V-2 rockets, Tiger tanks and aircraft (Messerschmitt Bf 109, Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, etc.) to the Allies. This enabled the Allies to target decisive armaments factories and to protect residential areas.
Notable people
Otto von Habsburg, head of the House of Habsburg from 1922 to 2006, was born at Villa Wartholz in Reichenau on 20 November 1912.
Theodor Herzl died in Edlach, a village of Reichenau an der Rax
Transport
Beside the Südbahn railway line, Reichenau can be reached via the B27 Höllental Straße federal highway running from Gloggnitz and the S6 Semmering Schnellstraße expressway to Rohr im Gebirge.
References
Gallery
External links
Pictures of Reichenau/Rax and information in English
Cities and towns in Neunkirchen District, Austria |
5375386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical%20rule | Lexical rule | A lexical rule is in a form of syntactic rule used within many theories of natural language syntax. These rules alter the argument structures of lexical items (for example verbs and declensions) in order to alter their combinatory properties.
Lexical rules affect in particular specific word classes and morphemes. Moreover, they may have exceptions, do not apply across word boundaries and can only apply to underlying forms.
An example of a lexical rule in spoken English is the deletion of /n/. This rule applies in damn and autumn, but not in hymnal. Because the rule of n-deletion apparently needs information about the grammatical status of the word, it can only be lexical.
Lexical rules are the inverse of postlexical rules.
References
Gussenhoven, C. & Jacobs, H. (1998). Understanding Phonology. Arnold, Londen.
Matthews, P. H. "lexical rule." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. : Oxford University Press, , 2014. Oxford Reference.
Syntactic relationships |
5375388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth%20merchant | Cloth merchant | In the Middle Ages or 16th and 17th centuries, a cloth merchant was one who owned or ran a cloth (often wool) manufacturing or wholesale import or export business. A cloth merchant might additionally own a number of draper's shops. Cloth was extremely expensive and cloth merchants were often very wealthy. A number of Europe's leading banking dynasties such as Medici and Berenberg built their original fortunes as cloth merchants.
In England, cloth merchants might be members of one of the important trade guilds, such as the Worshipful Company of Drapers.
Alternative names are clothier, which tended to refer more to someone engaged in production and the sale of cloth, whereas a cloth merchant would be more concerned with distribution, including overseas trade, or haberdasher, who were merchants in sewn and fine fabrics (e.g. silk) and in London, members of the Haberdashers' Company.
The largely obsolete term merchant taylor also describes a business person who trades in textiles, and initially a tailor who keeps and sells materials for the garments which he makes. In England, the term is best known in the context of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors, one of the livery companies of the City of London, nowadays a charitable institution best known for the Merchant Taylors' schools – the Company preserves the ancient spelling "taylor" in its name.
Notable cloth merchants
Alderman Robert Aske
Sir William Gardiner
John Kendrick
Henry Machyn, diarist
Jack O'Newbury
William Paterson
Thomas Spring of Lavenham
Sir Thomas White
See also
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
Merchant
Retail
01
Clothing industry
Sales occupations
Textile industry |
5375446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6cking | Pöcking | Pöcking is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria in Germany. Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, consort of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria-Hungary, grew up here in the Possenhofen Castle as daughter of Duke Max in Bavaria and Princess Ludovika of Bavaria.
Transport
The district has a railway station, , that is served by the Munich S-Bahn.
Notable people
Archduchess Adelheid of Austria
Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (1915–1980)
Otto von Habsburg, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary lived and died here
Leni Riefenstahl lived and died here
References
Starnberg (district) |
5375448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripapa%20Island | Ripapa Island | Ripapa Island (), also known earlier as Ripa Island, located just off the shore of Lyttelton Harbour, has played many roles in the history of New Zealand. A Māori fortified pā there played a key role in an internal struggle for the South Island Ngāi Tahu tribe in the early 19th century. Between 1873 and 1885, the island hosted a quarantine station, which was also used as a temporary prison for members of the Parihaka Māori settlement in Taranaki. Fort Jervois was built in 1886 as part of system of defences against a feared Russian invasion. The fort was in military use until the end of World War I, and again during World War II. It is the most complete Russian-scare fort still existing in New Zealand.
19th century Māori history
Ripapa Island was a perfect location for a pā (a fortification built by the Māori) and chief Taununu of the Ngāi Tahu tribe built one there in the early 19th century. In the 1820s, Taununu faced a fierce fight with another Ngāi Tahu group, in what was to be known as the Kai huanga feud. Kai huanga, meaning "eat relatives", refers to the cannibalistic nature of the feud and that those they fought and ate were close relatives, even getting to a point where cousin would eat cousin. The Ngāi Tahu tribe continued to occupy the island until around 1832. Prior to this, chief Te Whakarukeruke, who had been occupying Ripapa Island, left to help defend Kaiapoi from Te Rauparaha. After Kaiapoi fell, Te Rauparaha overran a number of pā on and around Banks Peninsula, including the pā on Ripapa Island. The island was never again occupied by Māori.
Quarantine station and prison
Between 1873 and 1885, the island was used as a quarantine station for ships arriving from Britain to the nearby port in Lyttelton. In 1880 the quarantine buildings were used as a prison, notably for members of the Parihaka Māori settlement in Taranaki during its passive resistance campaign against the surveying and selling of its land by the government. The quarantine buildings were dismantled and moved to Quail Island in 1885, to be replaced by a coastal defence fort on Ripapa.
Fort Jervois
A walled fort, initially named Fort Ripa, was built on Ripapa in 1886 as part of a nationwide coastal defence system constructed due to the Russian scare, a fear that Russia would invade New Zealand. One of four fortifications set up to protect Lyttelton Harbour, it was renamed Fort Jervois after Lieutenant General Sir William Jervois in 1888. Four disappearing guns were installed by 1889. The fort was occupied by the New Zealand army until the end of World War I, during which it housed some prisoners of war, including Felix von Luckner. It was again garrisoned during World War II.
The fort is currently the home of two extremely rare guns. One is a BL 8-inch gun (one of only 12 left in the world), which is still in working order, though there are no shells left for such a weapon. It also holds a smaller BL 6-inch gun. However, at the first test shot the recoil system failed, with the result that the barrel cracked and most of the rest of the gun was damaged and was returned to England for repairs. A test fire in 1939 cracked the mounting. Though these are the only two guns currently in place at Fort Jervois, there are emplacements for another two guns. These two guns are on the island but have been partially destroyed.
The island has been under the control of the Department of Conservation since 1990. Fort Jervois is classed as a Category I historic place by Heritage New Zealand, and has been considered "actively managed" by the Department of Conservation. It is the most complete Russian-scare fort still existing in New Zealand.
The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake damaged Fort Jervois and it was closed for some time. Remedial repairs were made, and the island reopened in November 2019, with public ferry services from Lyttelton wharf resuming in 2020.
See also
History of the Canterbury Region
Coastal fortifications of New Zealand
List of islands of New Zealand
References
External links
Ripapa Island Historic Reserve, Department of Conservation
Uninhabited islands of New Zealand
Islands of Canterbury, New Zealand
Quarantine facilities in New Zealand
Forts in New Zealand
New Zealand in World War I
World War I sites in New Zealand
World War II sites in New Zealand
Military history of New Zealand during World War II
Prisons in New Zealand
NZHPT Category I listings in Canterbury, New Zealand |
5375460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Falls%20%28Rankin%20novel%29 | The Falls (Rankin novel) | The Falls is a 2001 crime novel by Ian Rankin. It is the twelfth of the Inspector Rebus novels.
Plot summary
A student vanishes in Edinburgh and her wealthy family of bankers ensures Lothian and Borders Police is under pressure to find her. The novel presents in detail a difficult case, where the newly appointed (and first female) Chief Super, Gill Templer, is trying to please her superiors and manipulate her CID officers. In the course of the novel, DC Siobhan Clarke must decide whether to take a plum position offered her by DCS Templer or stick with investigation in the style of John Rebus.
Two sets of clues, one nineteenth-century and one twenty-first-century, appear. A carved wooden doll in a coffin found near the missing woman's East Lothian home leads Rebus to the National Museum of Scotland's collection of dolls in coffins found on Arthur's Seat in 1836, after the famous Burke and Hare murders in Edinburgh. Rebus also wanders into the Surgeons' Hall, where he meets several forensic pathologists of his acquaintance and sees the Burke and Hare exhibit there. A museum curator, Jean Burchill, alerts him to what might be a more recent serial killer marking his exploits with such coffins. While Rebus pursues these historical angles in libraries, police archives, and museums, DC Siobhan Clarke interacts with an electronic trail via computer and mobile phone. Clarke discovers that the woman who disappeared had been playing an Internet role-playing game, and tackles the virtual Quizmaster; she risks the same fate as the missing girl.
TV Adaptation
The Falls was the first episode in the second Rebus television series, starring Ken Stott, airing in 2006. This version is substantially changed from the novel and somewhat resembles the plot of the film Chinatown.
References
2001 British novels
Inspector Rebus novels
Novels set in Edinburgh
Orion Books books |
5375470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mayors%20of%20Aliso%20Viejo%2C%20California | List of mayors of Aliso Viejo, California | This is a list of mayors of Aliso Viejo in Orange County, California — since its incorporation in 2001.
List
History of city council
When Aliso Viejo was first incorporated as a city in 2001, five city council members were elected to serve terms. Carmen Vali was chosen to serve as the city's first mayor because she was instrumental in getting the city incorporated; and Cynthia Pickett was chosen to serve as the city's mayor pro tem. Both were reelected in November 2006 to terms ending in 2010. Both women later married during their terms, with Carmen Vali becoming Carmen Vali-Cave and Cynthia Pickett becoming Cynthia Adams.
Also elected in 2001 were Bill Phillips, Karl Warkomski, and Greg Ficke. Each of these candidates were re-elected to serve on City Council in 2004 to terms ending in 2008.
A new mayor is selected from the five city council members each year.
So far, Ficke is the only member of the original council to never have served as mayor, while Cynthia Adams and Carmen Vali-Cave are the only original members to have served as mayor for more than one term. Until Warkomski's resignation in February 2007 and Adams's resignation three months later, all five current city council members had been the only five to have served on city council since the city's incorporation.
References
External links
Elected Officials of Aliso Viejo — Official list from the City of Aliso Viejo.
People from Aliso Viejo, California
Aliso Viejo, California
Government in Orange County, California
M |
5375472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Columbus%3A%20The%20Discovery | Christopher Columbus: The Discovery | Christopher Columbus: The Discovery is a 1992 American historical adventure film directed by John Glen. It was the last project developed by the father and son production team of Alexander and Ilya Salkind. The film follows events after the fall of the Emirate of Granada (an Arab principality which was located in the south of Spain), and leads up to the voyage of Columbus to the New World in 1492.
Its behind-the-scenes history involved an elaborate series of financial mishaps, which later brought about an emotional falling-out between Alexander and Ilya; as a frustrated Alexander would later lament in a November 1993 interview with the Los Angeles Times, "I know, after this, that I'll never make movies again."
The film was released for the 500th anniversary of Columbus' voyage. The premiere took place at almost exactly the same time as 1492: Conquest of Paradise, which has often led to confusion between the two films.
Plot
The titular Genoese navigator overcomes intrigue in the court of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain and gains financing for his expedition to the West Indies, which eventually leads to the European discovery of the Americas.
Cast
Marlon Brando as Tomás de Torquemada
Tom Selleck as King Ferdinand V
Georges Corraface as Christopher Columbus.
Rachel Ward as Queen Isabella I.
Robert Davi as Martín Pinzón
Catherine Zeta-Jones as Beatriz Enriquez de Arana
Oliver Cotton as Harana
Benicio del Toro as Alvaro Harana
Simon Dormandy as Bives
Michael Gothard as the Inquisitor's spy
Branscombe Richmond as Indian Chieftain
Christopher Chaplin as
Production
Timothy Dalton and Isabella Rossellini, originally chosen to star in the picture, backed out when director George Pan Cosmatos was replaced by John Glen shortly before shooting began. Dalton later filed a lawsuit against the producers for breach of contract and fraud, stating that they did not provide a bank guarantee for his $2.5 million salary. Glen had previously directed Dalton in both of his appearances as James Bond: The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill.
Reception
The film was not a commercial success, debuting at No. 4 and grossing $8 million against its $45 million budget.
The film received mostly negative reviews, with a rotten 7% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 29 reviews, with the website's critical consensus reading "Ironically, for a biopic about a voyage many associate with people accepting that the world is round, Christopher Columbus: The Discovery falls completely flat."
Brando's performance in particular was singled out as his "worst". Roger Ebert agreed with this sentiment while giving the movie 1 out of 4 stars, stating "This movie takes one of history's great stories and treats it in such a lackluster manner that Columbus's voyage seems as endless to us as it did to his crew." It is also on his “Most Hated” list.
Film historian Leonard Maltin declared the picture a "BOMB" (he gave 1492: Conquest of Paradise an only-slightly-better rating, and conveyed his sentiments with this variation on the popular rhyme: "In nineteen-hundred-and-ninety-two, Columbus sailed two screen boo-boos.")...adding that the movie was hardly ripe for re-discovery, and lamenting "Is this any way to celebrate the 500th anniversary of Europe's finding America?"
Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "C" on scale of A+ to F.
Awards
Tom Selleck won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor. Marlon Brando was also nominated for Worst Supporting Actor and the film received another four Golden Raspberry Award nominations including; Worst Picture, Worst Director – John Glen, Worst New Star – Georges Corraface and Worst Screenplay – Mario Puzo.
At the 1992 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, it received a nomination for Worst Picture.
Home media
The film was released on VHS and LaserDisc formats from Warner Home Video in 1993. It has not been released on DVD in North America, but is available in other format regions on DVD.
See also
1492: Conquest of Paradise, another big budget, all-star epic about Columbus also released in 1992.
Carry On Columbus – A comedy-film about Columbus released in 1992.
The Magic Voyage, an animated film about Columbus also released in 1992.
References
External links
1992 films
American biographical films
1990s adventure films
1990s biographical films
Films set in the 1490s
Fiction set in 1492
Films set in Spain
Films set in pre-Columbian America
Films shot in the United States Virgin Islands
Cultural depictions of Christopher Columbus
Cultural depictions of Isabella I of Castile
Cultural depictions of Tomás de Torquemada
Films scored by Cliff Eidelman
Films directed by John Glen
Films with screenplays by Mario Puzo
British biographical films
English-language Spanish films
Spanish biographical films
Age of Discovery films
Epic films based on actual events
Sea adventure films
Historical epic films
Films with screenplays by John Briley
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
1990s British films |
5375476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monardella%20odoratissima | Monardella odoratissima | Monardella odoratissima (mountain coyote mint, mountain beebalm, mountain monardella or mountain pennyroyal) is a perennial flowering plant which grows in mountain forests and sagebrush scrub. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It has the minty odor characteristic of this family.
Distribution
Monardella odoratissima is found in montane forests above 600 m. and below 3100 m. It is found in many Northern California mountain ranges, including the Klamath Mountains and the North California Coast Ranges, the Cascade Range, the Sierra Nevada, the Modoc Plateau, White Mountains and Inyo Mountains. Outside California, it is found as far north as Washington, and as far east as Utah and western Colorado.
Description
Monardella odoratissima is an upright to sprawling perennial herb which can be woody at the base. It ranges from 30 centimeters to one meter-3 feet in height and equally wide. The plant can be either a smooth dark green or a hairy dark grey-green, with many gradations in between. It is often dotted with glands which release a strongly minty odor when the plant is touched.
The leaves can lance-shaped to ovate, and are smooth-edged. They measure up to 4.5 centimeters long.
The flowers range in color from white and pale pink to light bluish-purple. The inflorescence is a head, which can be from 10 mm. to 25 mm. wide, with outer bracts which are like leaves, and inside bracts which enclose the many flowers like a cup. These bracts can be hairy or smooth, and sometimes have a rose or purplish color. The calyx, which is inside these bracts, is hairy and has 5 lobes. The corolla is tubular and has two lips. The upper lip is erect and has two lobes, but the lower lip curves downward and has 3 lobes. It has 4 stamens, and a style which has two unequal lobes.
The fruits, like most of fruits of the mint family, are 4 smooth nutlets which are dark brown to black in color.
Cultivation
Monardella odoratissima is easy to grow as a Garden plant. Although the Monardellas are in the mint family, most Monardellas do not grow from runners. However, they can still be propagated easily from cuttings.
They are very attractive to butterflies, which are their main pollinator.
Monardella odoratissima will grow in full sun to medium shade. It can be pruned lightly in the late fall or early winter to create a bushier plant, as they can otherwise be sprawling. They bloom profusely anytime from April through August. Because they are floriferous, they look best when spent blooms are deadheaded.
References
Abrams, Leroy; 1951. Illustrated flora of the Pacific States, Stanford University Press
External links
Jepsn Manual Treatment - Monardella odoratissima
USDA PLANTS Database - Monardella odoratissima
Monardella odoratissima - Photo gallery
odoratissima
Flora of California
Flora of Oregon
Flora of Nevada
Flora of Washington (state)
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora of the California desert regions
Garden plants of North America
Drought-tolerant plants
Groundcovers
Butterfly food plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
5375478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion%20to%20British%20History | Companion to British History | The Companion to British History () is a single-volume encyclopaedic reference work "bigger than a foundation stone, longer than the Bible" (The Daily Telegraph) written by Charles Arnold-Baker and in 1966 edited by his son Henry von Blumenthal, who, as proprietor of Longcross Press, published the first and third editions. It was described as "arguably one of the most remarkable books ever written". The second edition was by Routledge.
References
External links
An account of how the book came to be written and published in The Daily Telegraph
British non-fiction literature |
5375485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achim%20Steiner | Achim Steiner | Achim Steiner (born 17 May 1961) is a Brazilian-born environmentalist who currently serves as the administrator of the United Nations Development Programme and chairman of United Nations Sustainable Development Group.
Before joining UNDP, he was executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP (2006–2016), and director of the Oxford Martin School (2016–2017). He has also served as director general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and secretary-general of the World Commission on Dams.
Early life and education
The son of a German farmer who had emigrated to Rio Grande do Sul, Achim Steiner was born in Brazil in 1961 and holds German as well as Brazilian citizenship. He went to school in Carazinho and at Dover College. He obtained a bachelor's degree from Worcester College of the University of Oxford and a master's degree from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London, specializing in development economics, regional planning, international development and environmental policy. He also studied at the German Development Institute and the Harvard Business School.
Career
Steiner started his career in 1989 at the Rural Regional Development Department, GIZ, in Germany. From 1991 to 1997 he worked for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Southern Africa and Washington, D.C. He was Chief Technical Adviser of the Mekong River Commission (1997–1998) before becoming Secretary-General of the World Commission on Dams. In 2001 he returned to IUCN as Director-General.
United Nations Environment Programme, 2006–2016
Acting on the nomination of Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the United Nations General Assembly in 2006 unanimously elected Steiner Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for a four-year term. At the time, he was not nominated by a Member State, but prevailed over candidates such as Børge Brende of Norway and Rajendra K. Pachauri of India. His mandate was later extended twice, this time on the proposal of the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
The Secretary-General appointed Steiner as director-general of the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON), where he served from March 2009 to May 2011. Within the UN system he also chaired the High-level Committee on Programmes of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination and the United Nations Environment Management Group. On 3 May 2016, Ban Ki-moon announced that the post of executive director of UNEP would be taken over by Erik Solheim in June 2016.
Oxford Martin School, 2016–2017
Upon leaving UNEP, Steiner was appointed director of the Oxford Martin School, a post he took up in September 2016. In addition to his role at the University of Oxford, Steiner was appointed Envoy of the Chair of the Platform on Disaster Displacement by the Federal Government of Germany in October 2016.
In late 2015, Reuters reported that Steiner was one of three candidates shortlisted to succeed António Guterres as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, alongside Helle Thorning-Schmidt of Denmark, Jasmine Whitbread of the United Kingdom, and Filippo Grandi of Italy; the post eventually went to Grandi.
United Nations Development Programme, 2017–present
In April 2017, following consultations with the executive board of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Secretary-General António Guterres appointed Steiner as the programme's new Administrator. On 19 April 2017, the United Nations General Assembly confirmed him for a four-year term.
In November 2018, Guterres also appointed Steiner to co-chair (alongside Maria Ramos) the United Nations' Task Force on Digital Financing of Sustainable Development Goals.
Other activities
Generation Unlimited, Member of the Board (since 2018)
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Ex-Officio Member of the Committee of Cosponsoring Organizations (since 2017)
International Gender Champions (IGC), Member (since 2017)
OECD/UNDP Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB), Co-chair of the Governing Board (since 2017)
German Council for Sustainable Development (RNE), Member (2016–2017, appointed ad personam by Chancellor Angela Merkel)
International Olympic Committee (IOC), Member of the Sustainability and Legacy Commission
Agora Verkehrswende, Chairman of the Council
Platform on Disaster Displacement, Chair of the Advisory Committee
China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED), International Vice-chair
Earth Day Network, Member of the Global Advisory Committee
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), Member of the Advisory Board
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Member of the Environmental Advisory Council (ENVAC)
Honours and awards
Awards
Slovak Republic's gold medal for Diplomatic Service
Republic of Korea Order of Diplomatic Service Award
2012 — The National German Sustainability Award
2010 – Leadership Award for Principled Pragmatism – Tällberg Foundation
2009 — Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles (Monaco)
Shark Guardian of the Year 2008 – Shark Project
2008 — Schubert Prize – Bruno H. Schubert Foundation
2007 — Steiger Award – Umwelt
Honorary degrees
Honorary Doctorate, International University in Geneva (IUG)
Honorary Professor, Tongji University, Shanghai
References
External links
Interview with Achim Steiner
Official website of UNEP
Biography at Oxford Martin School
Living people
Brazilian officials of the United Nations
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of London
Harvard Business School alumni
United Nations Environment Programme
People associated with the International Union for Conservation of Nature
1961 births
German officials of the United Nations |
4039857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%E2%80%9390%20in%20English%20football | 1989–90 in English football | The 1989–90 season was the 110th season of competitive football in England.
Overview
English clubs were still banned from competing in European competitions following the Heysel Stadium disaster.
The season marked the beginning of the regular trend for clubs to leave their homes of many years and head for purpose built new stadia, following the bold move to Glanford Park by Scunthorpe United in 1988. Walsall and Chester City brought the curtain down on their many years at Fellows Park and Sealand Road respectively (both with games against Rotherham United). Walsall moved to the Bescot Stadium, while Chester began a groundshare with Macclesfield Town at Moss Rose until their new stadium was completed.
Meanwhile, Football Conference sides Wycombe Wanderers and Yeovil Town relocated to Adams Park and Huish Park respectively.
Diary of the season
1 July 1989 – Midfielder Mike Phelan joins Manchester United in a £750,000 transfer from Norwich City.
5 July 1989 – Lou Macari departs from Swindon Town to succeed John Lyall as manager of West Ham United. He is only the sixth manager to have taken charge of West Ham since their formation in 1900.
6 July 1989 – After just four months at Glasgow Rangers, Mel Sterland leaves the Scottish league champions and returns to England in a move to Second Division Leeds United for £600,000.
8 July 1989 – Olympique Marseille pay Tottenham Hotspur £4.5 million for winger Chris Waddle, a fee that makes him the most expensive British player. After a year in France with Bordeaux, Clive Allen returns to England in a £1million move to newly promoted Manchester City.
10 July 1989 – Scottish striker Mark McGhee returns to Newcastle United on a free transfer from Scottish Cup winners Celtic.
11 July 1989 – Aston Villa sign Kent Nielsen, the Denmark central defender, from Brøndby in a £500,000 deal.
12 July 1989 – Glenn Hysen, the Swedish defender who had been expected to sign for Manchester United, is instead signed by Liverpool. Don Howe, a member of the English coaching staff, resigns as assistant manager of Wimbledon and becomes assistant to Trevor Francis at Queens Park Rangers.
13 July 1989 – Third Division Notts County reject a £750,000 bid for 22–year–old defender Dean Yates.
15 July 1989 – Laurie Cunningham, who played in Wimbledon's FA Cup triumph 14 months ago and had a successful spell with West Bromwich Albion in the late 1970s, dies in a car crash in Spain. He was 33 years old and had been playing for Rayo Vallecano at the time of his death.
17 July 1989 – Liverpool sign 18–year–old defender Steve Harkness from Carlisle United for £75,000. Tottenham Hotspur sign midfielder Steve Sedgley from Coventry City for £750,000.
19 July 1989 – Former Tottenham Hotspur midfielder Ossie Ardiles, 37 next month, is appointed player–manager of Swindon Town.
21 July 1989 – A tribunal orders Manchester United to pay £1.5 million to Nottingham Forest for 26–year–old midfielder Neil Webb.
24 July 1989 – Aston Villa sign Manchester United defender Paul McGrath for £400,000.
26 July 1989 – Norman Whiteside moves from Manchester United to Everton for £750,000.
27 July 1989 – Everton pay Leicester City £1.1 million for striker Mike Newell.
28 July 1989 – Maidstone United prepare for their first Football League season with a £10,000 move for 19–year–old Leytonstone defender Warren Barton.
31 July 1989 – Norwich City pay Coventry City £525,000 for Welsh winger David Phillips.
3 August 1989 – Nottingham Forest pay Leeds United £650,000 for Republic of Ireland midfielder John Sheridan.
7 August 1989 – Everton sign Aston Villa defender Martin Keown for £750,000.
12 August 1989 - Liverpool beat Arsenal 1-0 in the Charity Shield at Wembley. Peter Beardsley scores the only goal of the game.
14 August 1989 – Adrian Heath returns to English football after less than a year in Spain when he joins Aston Villa from Espanyol for £360,000.
18 August 1989 – Property tycoon Michael Knighton agrees to buy control of Manchester United in a deal which is believed to be worth around £20 million.
19 August 1989 – On the first day of the First Division season, champions Arsenal lose 4–1 away to Manchester United, while Liverpool beat Manchester City 3–1. Second Division promotion favourites Newcastle United and Leeds United clash at St James' Park in a match which ends with the home side winning 5–2, with Micky Quinn scoring four goals on his Newcastle debut. In the Second Division, Frank McAvennie breaks his leg in West Ham's 1-1 draw at Stoke and is expected to be out of action until at least the winter.
21 August 1989 – Luton Town pay a club record £650,000 for striker Lars Elstrup from Danish side OB Odense.
22 August 1989 – Tottenham Hotspur sign defender Pat van den Hauwe from Everton for £650,000.
23 August 1989 – Paul Bracewell, who has missed most of the last three years because of injury, joins Sunderland for £250,000.
24 August 1989 – West Ham United boost their Second Division promotion push with a £675,000 move for Queens Park Rangers midfielder Martin Allen, just weeks after a move to First Division champions Arsenal collapsed.
26 August 1989 - Newly promoted Chelsea go top of the First Division after three games with a 4-0 home win over Sheffield Wednesday. Derby County beat Manchester United 2-0 at the Baseball Ground. A thrilling Second Division encounter at Dean Court sees AFC Bournemouth beat Hull City 5-4.
29 August 1989 – Gary Pallister becomes Britain's most expensive defender in a £2.3 million move from Middlesbrough to Manchester United.
30 August 1989 - Manchester United suffer another disappointing First Division result, losing 2-0 at home to Norwich. Coventry go top of the First Division with a 2-1 home win over Manchester City.
31 August 1989 – The first month of the league season ends with Coventry City as First Division leaders after three wins from four games. Sheffield Wednesday prop up the table, followed by newly promoted Manchester City and Crystal Palace. Defending champions Arsenal occupy a lowly 15th place. The Second Division promotion race gets underway with West Ham United leading the table level on points with Blackburn Rovers. The playoff places are occupied by Sheffield United (newly promoted), Ipswich Town, Watford and newly relegated Newcastle United.
1 September 1989 – John Aldridge agrees to leave Liverpool after nearly three years to join Real Sociedad of Spain for £750,000.
6 September 1989 – England draw 0–0 against Sweden in their fifth World Cup qualifier at Wembley.
9 September 1989 – Millwall beat Coventry City 4–1 at The Den to go top of the First Division in only their second season in the top flight. Manchester United lose for third successive game, going down 3-2 to Everton at Goodison Park. An eight-goal thriller at Carrow Road sees Norwich and Southampton draw 4-4. In the Second Division, there are a total of nine goals at Bramall Lane as Sheffield United beat Brighton 5-4 to go top of the table.
12 September 1989 – Liverpool defeat Crystal Palace 9–0, with eight different players scoring, including John Aldridge, in his last appearance for the club.
14 September 1989 – Manchester United sign midfielder Paul Ince from West Ham United for £1 million.
15 September 1989 – Queens Park Rangers pay £175,000 for Oxford United defender David Bardsley, with striker Mark Stein moving to the Manor Ground in exchange.
16 September 1989 – Ten Swansea City fans receive 16–month prison sentences in Athens after being convicted of fighting with Panathinaikos fans after a European Cup Winners' Cup tie. Mark Hughes scores the season's first hat-trick in the First Division as Manchester United beat Millwall 5-1 at Old Trafford. Everton go top of the First Division with a 1-0 win over Charlton at Selhurst Park.
18 September 1989 – Manchester United sign winger Danny Wallace from Southampton for £1.2 million.
23 September 1989 – Manchester City thrash neighbours United 5–1 in the first Manchester derby since the 1986–87 season. Liverpool win 3–1 at Goodison Park in the Merseyside derby, with Ian Rush scoring twice. In the race to get into the First Division, Sheffield United are top of the Second Division and looking good bets for a second successive promotion, with Blackburn Rovers second in the table and level on points with Newcastle United. Sunderland, Leeds United and Brighton & Hove Albion complete the top six. Leicester City, often among the pre–season promotion favourites for the last three seasons, prop up the Second Division table sparking fears that they could be relegated to the Third Division for the first time in their history.
30 September 1989 – Liverpool and Chelsea are level on points at the top of the First Division at the end of the month. Sheffield Wednesday, Charlton Athletic and Manchester United languish in the relegation zone.
2 October 1989 – Cyril Knowles, the former Tottenham Hotspur and England left–back, resigns as manager of Torquay United.
3 October 1989 – Dave Smith, the former Plymouth Argyle and Dundee F.C. manager, is appointed manager of Torquay United.
11 October 1989 – England draw 0–0 with Poland in Chorzów to secure World Cup qualification.
21 October 1989 – The last two unbeaten records in the First Division end when Liverpool and Norwich City both lose 4–1 away from home, to Southampton and Luton Town respectively. Manchester United record their third league win of the season with a 4-1 win at Coventry. Everton go top with a 3-0 home win over Arsenal.
31 October 1989 – October ends with Liverpool as First Division leaders, one point ahead of Everton with a game in hand. Sheffield United remain top of the Second Division, with Leeds United second and the playoff places occupied by Newcastle United, West Ham United, Sunderland and Plymouth Argyle.
2 November 1989 – Everton sign winger Peter Beagrie from Stoke City for £750,000.
3 November 1989 – John Sheridan, who played just once for Nottingham Forest after joining them at the start of the season, is sold to Sheffield Wednesday for £500,000.
4 November 1989 – Chelsea move to the top of the First Division after they beat Millwall 4–0 and Liverpool lose 1–0 at home to Coventry City. Arsenal keep up the pressure by winning a dramatic encounter with Norwich 4-3 at Highbury. In the Second Division, Swindon boost their hopes of reaching the First Division for the first time by beating struggling Stoke 6-0 at the County Ground.
5 November 1989 – Aston Villa record their fifth consecutive League victory with a 6–2 thrashing of Everton at Villa Park.
7 November 1989 – Mick Mills is sacked after four years as manager of Stoke City, who are winless and bottom of the Second Division. His successor is Alan Ball, the 1966 World Cup winner and former Portsmouth manager.
11 November 1989 - Chelsea remain top of the First Division with a 1-0 win at Everton. Derby climb from 17th to 12th place with a 6-0 win over Manchester City at the Baseball Ground. Liverpool's title hopes are dented when they lose 3-2 to QPR at Loftus Road. In the Second Division, West Bromwich Albion beat Barnsley 7-0 at home.
12 November 1989 - A Gary Pallister goal gives Manchester United a 1-0 home win over Nottingham Forest in the First Division.
13 November 1989 – Former England captain Ray Wilkins agrees to join Queens Park Rangers from Glasgow Rangers on a free transfer at the end of this month.
15 November 1989 – Howard Kendall, the former Everton manager, is dismissed by Spanish side Athletic Bilbao.
16 November 1989 – Manchester City sign Blackburn Rovers defender Colin Hendry for £700,000. Three Chelsea fans jailed for hooliganism offences in 1987 are freed after their convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal.
18 November 1989 - Arsenal go top of the First Division with a 3-0 win over QPR at Highbury. Aston Villa boost their title hopes with a 4-1 home win over Coventry. Manchester United climb to ninth with a 3-1 win at Luton.
21 November 1989 – Nigel Martyn, 23, becomes Britain's first £1 million goalkeeper when he joins Crystal Palace from Bristol Rovers.
25 November 1989 - A nine-goal thriller at The Dell sees Southampton beat Luton 6-3, lifting the hosts into fifth place in the First Division. Ewood Park is also the scene of a nine-goal thriller in the Second Division, with Blackburn beating West Ham 5-4 in a promotion crunch game.
26 November 1989 - Liverpool go top of the First Division on goal difference by beating Arsenal 2-1 at Anfield.
27 November 1989 – Queens Park Rangers player–manager Trevor Francis is sacked after just one year in charge.
28 November 1989 – Assistant manager Don Howe succeeds Trevor Francis at Queens Park Rangers.
30 November 1989 – Liverpool, Arsenal, Aston Villa and Chelsea are locked together at the top of the First Division at the end of the month. Manchester City, Queens Park Rangers and Charlton Athletic are level on points at the bottom. Nigel Spackman leaves Queens Park Rangers after nine months to join Rangers.
2 December 1989 - Liverpool remain top of the First Division on goal difference with a 4-1 win over Manchester City at Maine Road, which keeps the hosts at the bottom of the table. Aston Villa keep up the heat with a 2-1 home win over Nottingham Forest, while Chelsea's title bid is hit by a 5-2 home defeat to Wimbledon.
3 December 1989 - Arsenal draw level on points with Liverpool at the top of the First Division when a Perry Groves goal gives them a 1-0 home win over Manchester United.
5 December 1989 – Andy Thorn moves from Newcastle United for Crystal Palace for £650,000.
6 December 1989 – Chelsea bolster their title challenge with a £300,000 move for Bayern Munich and Norway defender Erland Johnsen. Howard Kendall is confirmed as the new Manchester City manager.
9 December 1989 - Arsenal go top of the First Division with a 1-0 win at Coventry, as Liverpool and Aston Villa draw 1-1 at Anfield. Chelsea's title hopes are further damaged when they lose 4-2 to QPR at Loftus Road. Manchester United's disappointing league campaign continues with a 2-1 home defeat to Crystal Palace.
10 December 1989 – Roy Wegerle, the American international striker, joins Queens Park Rangers from Luton Town for a club record £1million.
16 December 1989 - Arsenal retain their lead of the First Division with a 3-2 home win over Luton Town, but Liverpool keep up the pressure with a 5-2 win over Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. Aston Villa's title hopes are hit by a 2-0 defeat at Millwall, who are now needing the points to stay clear of the relegation zone after topping the table in September. Manchester United suffer a third successive league defeat, going down 1-0 at home to Tottenham.
19 December 1989 – 18–year–old Trinidadian striker Dwight Yorke signs for Aston Villa.
23 December 1989 - The last league action before Christmas sees Manchester United hold Liverpool to a goalless draw at Anfield, ensuring that Arsenal remain a point ahead at the top of the table with a game in hand.
26 December 1989 - The Boxing Day action sees Liverpool return to the top of the First Division with a 2-1 win over Sheffield Wednesday at Anfield, as Arsenal lose 1-0 at Southampton. Aston Villa keep up the pressure with a 3-0 win over Manchester United at Villa Park, a result which mounts the pressure on United manager Alex Ferguson, whose team have picked up just two points from their last five games and are now 15th in the league. Norwich's title hopes are hit by a 1-0 defeat at Manchester City, who climb off the bottom of the table. Charlton now prop up the First Division, having lost 3-1 at Wimbledon. In the Second Division, the leading pair of Leeds United and Sheffield United draw 2-2 at Bramall Lane. Swindon boost their promotion hopes with a 4-3 home win over promotion rivals Blackburn at the County Ground.
28 December 1989 – West Ham United sign midfielder Ian Bishop and striker Trevor Morley from Manchester City for £500,000 each. Millwall attempt to arrest their dramatic fall down the First Division by playing a club record £800,000 for Derby County striker Paul Goddard.
29 December 1989 – Liverpool chairman John Smith receives a knighthood. Trevor Francis is offered a playing contract with Luton Town.
30 December 1989 - The last matches of the 1980s are played. 20-year-old striker Mark Robins scores his first goal for Manchester United in a 2-2 draw at Wimbledon, which rescues a point for Alex Ferguson's team but extend their winless run to six matches. Liverpool beat Charlton 1-0 at Anfield to boost their chances of reclaiming the league title from Arsenal, who are leapfrogged into second place by Aston Villa after a 2-1 defeat at Villa Park. There is a six-goal thriller in a Second Division clash at Boundary Park, where Oldham and Portsmouth draw 3-3.
31 December 1989 – The year and the decade ends with Liverpool as First Division leaders by four points from Aston Villa. Arsenal are a point further adrift. Charlton Athletic prop up the table, behind Luton Town and Sheffield Wednesday, while out–of–form Millwall are out of the relegation zone only on goal difference. Leeds United are top of the Second Division with Sheffield United in second place. Sunderland, Oldham Athletic, Ipswich Town and Newcastle United occupy the playoff zone, while West Ham United's early challenge has fallen away and they now stand 11th in their first season outside the top flight for almost a decade.
1 January 1990 - The new decade begins with Arsenal beating Crystal Palace 4-1 at Highbury cut Liverpool's lead at the top of the First Division, as Kenny Dalglish's men are held to a 2-2 at the City Ground by Nottingham Forest. Title challenge outsiders Southampton win 4-2 at bottom club Charlton. In the Second Division, Steve Bull scores four goals at Wolves win 4-1 at Newcastle, a result which boosts his side's challenge for a unique third successive promotion, and also drags promotion favourites Newcastle out of the top six. West Ham maintain their hopes of an immediate return to the First Division by beating Barnsley 4-2 at Upton Park.
3 January 1990 – Ray Harford resigns after two and a half years as manager of Luton Town to be succeeded by his assistant Jimmy Ryan.
5 January 1990 – Swindon Town chairman Brian Hillier and former manager Lou Macari are suspected of making an illegal bet against their own club in an FA Cup tie with Newcastle United in January 1988.
6 January 1990 – Third Division Northampton Town cause the shock of the FA Cup third round by beating 1987 winners Coventry City 1–0. Liverpool are held 0–0 by Swansea City.
7 January 1990 – Manchester United beat Nottingham Forest 1–0 at the City Ground in the third round of the FA Cup, with Mark Robins scoring the winning goal. The football press had widely tipped manager Alex Ferguson to be sacked if United had been beaten.
9 January 1990 – Liverpool thrash Swansea City 8–0 in their FA Cup third round replay. Second Division leaders Leeds United pay Nottingham Forest £400,000 for striker Lee Chapman.
13 January 1990 - Manchester United's winless run in the First Division stretches to eight matches when they lose 2-1 at home to Derby.
17 January 1990 – Derby County replace Paul Goddard with Mick Harford in a £500,000 move from Luton Town.
19 January 1990 – Arsenal sign defender Colin Pates from Brighton & Hove Albion for £500,000.
21 January 1990 – Manchester United are now without a win from their last nine matches in the First Division with a 2–0 defeat at Norwich City, which leaves them just one point and one place above the relegation zone.
22 January 1990 – Almost two months after being sacked as player–manager by Queens Park Rangers, Trevor Francis signs for Sheffield Wednesday.
27 January 1990 – Chelsea are beaten 3–1 by Bristol City in the FA Cup fourth round. West Bromwich Albion beat First Division opposition for the second round running, winning 1–0 against Charlton Athletic. Aston Villa remain in contention for the double by beating Port Vale 6-0 at Villa Park. Crystal Palace beat Huddersfield Town 4-0.
28 January 1990 - A Clayton Blackmore goal gives Manchester United a 1-0 win their FA Cup fourth round tie with Hereford at Edgar Street. Norwich hold Liverpool to a goalless daw at Carrow Road and Everton beat Sheffield Wednesday 2-1 at Hillsborough.
29 January 1990 – The Taylor Report, an inquiry into stadium safety following the Hillsborough disaster nine months ago, recommends that all First and Second Division stadiums are all–seater by 1994 and that the Third and Fourth Divisions follow suit by 1999. Coventry City pay a club record £900,000 for 23–year–old Dundee United and Scotland striker Kevin Gallacher.
30 January 1990 – In their FA Cup fourth round replay at the Abbey Stadium, Fourth Division Cambridge United spring a major surprise by beating First Division Millwall 1–0.
31 January 1990 – Queens Park Rangers beat Arsenal 2–0 in an FA Cup fourth round replay. Liverpool end January as First Division leaders on goal difference ahead of Aston Villa, who have a game in hand. Manchester United are still just one place above the relegation zone, occupied by Charlton Athletic, Luton Town and Millwall. The race to get into the First Division is headed by Leeds United and Sheffield United, who are further distancing themselves from the rest of the Second Division. Just two points separate the next five clubs – Swindon Town, Oldham Athletic, Sunderland, Newcastle United and Ipswich Town. Meanwhile, eighth placed Wolverhampton Wanderers are just two points short of the playoff zone and are looking like reasonable challengers for a unique third successive promotion.
2 February 1990 – Former Liverpool manager Don Welsh dies aged 78.
3 February 1990 - The Manchester derby at Old Trafford ends in a 1-1 draw at Old Trafford. Manchester United have now gone 11 league games without a win, and are now 17th in the First Division and just one point above the relegation zone. They would have fallen into the bottom three today had Millwall managed to find a winner at Hillsborough, where they were held to a 1-1 draw by Sheffield Wednesday.
4 February 1990 - Gary Lineker scores a hat-trick in Tottenham's 4-0 home win over Norwich in the First Division.
8 February 1990 – West Ham United sign Czech goalkeeper Ludek Miklosko from Baník Ostrava for £300,000. Miklosko, 28, has been capped 31 times by the Czech national side.
10 February 1990 – Manchester United end their 11–match winless league run with a 2–1 away win over Millwall, who led the league five months ago but have now slipped into the relegation zone. Liverpool are held to their second goalless draw in two weeks by Norwich at Carrow Road. Aston Villa boost their title push with a 1-0 home win over Sheffield Wednesday. In the Second Division, leaders Leeds beat Hull 4-3 at Elland Road.
11 February 1990 - Nottingham Forest move closer to a joint record fourth League Cup triumph by beating Coventry 2-1 in the semi-final first leg at the City Ground.
12 February 1990 – Brian Hillier and Lou Macari are both fined after being found guilty of placing an illegal bet against Swindon Town. Hillier is also given a 6–month ban from football and is forced to resign as the club's chairman.
13 February 1990 – Millwall, still battling relegation despite having led the First Division five months ago, sack manager John Docherty and his assistant Frank McLintock.
14 February 1990 – Oldham Athletic defeat West Ham United 6–0 at Boundary Park in the first leg of their League Cup semi–final, all but guaranteeing their first ever Wembley appearance.
16 February 1990 – Striker Tony Cascarino pledges his future to relegation threatened Millwall despite reports that he is to join Aston Villa or Manchester United.
18 February 1990 – Lou Macari resigns after seven months as manager of West Ham United. Manchester United reach the FA Cup quarter finals with a 3–2 fifth round win at Newcastle United.
21 February 1990 – Aston Villa move to the top of the First Division with a 2–0 away win over Tottenham Hotspur.
23 February 1990 – West Ham United appoint their former player Billy Bonds as manager.
24 February 1990 - First Division leaders Aston Villa lose 3-0 at home to Wimbledon.
25 February 1990 – Nottingham Forest reach the League Cup final for the second season running by completing a 2–1 aggregate semi–final victory over Coventry City.
27 February 1990 – Fourth Division Cambridge United reach the FA Cup quarter–finals after a 5–1 second replay victory against Bristol City.
28 February 1990 – Aston Villa finish February as First Division leaders by two points from Liverpool in only their second season following promotion. Charlton Athletic, Millwall and Luton Town occupy the bottom three places, with the two Manchester clubs directly above them. Leeds United and Sheffield United continue to lead the way in the Second Division. Swindon Town, Oldham Athletic, Sunderland and Blackburn Rovers occupy the playoff zone, while Port Vale are emerging as surprise contenders for a playoff place that could be their key to First Division football for the first time in their history.
3 March 1990 - Liverpool return to the top of the First Division with a 1-0 home win over Millwall. Manchester United win at Old Trafford for the first time in four months, beating Luton Town 4-1.
4 March 1990 - Aston Villa miss the chance to return to the summit of the league, losing 2-0 at local rivals Coventry.
7 March 1990 - Oldham reach their first Wembley final despite losing their League Cup semi-final second leg 3-0 at West Ham. Arsenal keep their title hopes alive with a 3-0 home win over Nottingham Forest, and Luton climb out of the bottom three with a 3-2 home win over Coventry.
9 March 1990 – Middlesbrough sack manager Bruce Rioch after four years in charge. Rioch is replaced by his assistant Colin Todd.
10 March 1990 – Second Division Oldham Athletic reach the FA Cup quarter–finals after defeating Everton 2–1 after extra time in their fifth round second replay. Cambridge United's cup run is ended by Crystal Palace in the sixth round. There is no shortage of league action grabbing the headlines, including a 4-2 win for Coventry away to Nottingham Forest, which lifts the visitors into sixth place. Arsenal's title hopes are dented when they are held to a 1-1 draw by Manchester City at Maine Road. Aston Villa return to the top of the table with a 2-0 home win over Luton.
11 March 1990 – Manchester United achieve a 1–0 FA Cup quarter–final win over Sheffield United at Bramall Lane.
12 March 1990 – Bristol City striker Dean Horrix, 28, is killed in a car crash a week after joining the club from Millwall.
14 March 1990 – First Division leaders Aston Villa suffer a shock 3–0 defeat at Oldham Athletic in the FA Cup quarter–finals, while Liverpool's double bid remains on course after a 1–0 replay win over Queens Park Rangers. Nottingham Forest build for the future with an £80,000 move for Runcorn's 22–year–old Northern Irish winger Ian Woan.
15 March 1990 – Manchester City sign striker Niall Quinn from Arsenal for £700,000.
17 March 1990 - Aston Villa remain top of the table with a 1-0 win at Derby, extending their lead over Liverpool to five points, although the Reds have two games in hand.
18 March 1990 - Liverpool cut the gap at the top of the First Division to two points, and still have a game in hand, after beating Manchester United 2-1 at Old Trafford.
20 March 1990 – Chester City are taken over by Edinburgh based construction firm Morrison Construction in a deal which will see them leave Sealand Road at the end of this season and move to a new stadium in 1992.
25 March 1990 – Chelsea win the Full Members' Cup with a 1–0 win over Middlesbrough in the Wembley final. Having already won the cup in 1986, they are the first team to win it twice.
28 March 1990 – England beat Brazil 1–0 at Wembley with a goal from Gary Lineker.
31 March 1990 – Liverpool return to the top of the First Division at the end of the month, leading the table on goal difference with a game in hand ahead of Aston Villa. Millwall are eight points from safety at the bottom, and are joined in the relegation zone by Charlton Athletic and Manchester City. Leeds United and Sheffield United continue to lead the Second Division, with Wolverhampton Wanderers having leapfrogged Sunderland into the playoff zone where they join Swindon Town, Newcastle United and Blackburn Rovers.
1 April 1990 – Millwall's six–week hunt for a new manager ends when they appoint Bruce Rioch.
3 April 1990 - Liverpool return to the top of the First Division with a 2-1 win over Wimbledon at Anfield.
8 April 1990 – Liverpool's hopes of a unique second double are ended when they lose 4–3 after extra time to Crystal Palace in the semi–finals of the FA Cup at Villa Park. Manchester United draw 3–3 with Oldham Athletic in the other semi–final at Maine Road.
11 April 1990 – Manchester United beat Oldham Athletic 2–1 after extra time in the FA Cup semi–final replay. The game is however marred by controversy after referee Joe Worrall fails to award Oldham an early goal after Nick Henry's shot clearly crosses the line. In the league, Liverpool move closer to their 18th league title with a 4–0 away win over struggling Charlton Athletic, in which on–loan striker Ronny Rosenthal scores a hat–trick. Aston Villa keep up their challenge by winning 1–0 away to Arsenal.
14 April 1990 – Millwall are relegated to the Second Division after losing 2–0 at Derby County. Charlton's 3-2 defeat at Southampton leaves them needing to win their four remaining games to stand any chance of avoiding relegation. Liverpool remain top of the table but drop two points when they are held to a 2-2 draw by Nottingham Forest at Anfield.
16 April 1990 - Luton are left needing at least six points from their final three games to avoid relegation after losing 3-0 at Nottingham Forest. Manchester City's survival is confirmed with a 1-0 win at Norwich. There is major drama in the Second Division promotion race, when leaders Leeds beat Sheffield United 4-0 at Elland Road, sending the visitors into third place, as Newcastle move into second place with a 3-0 home win over Stoke, which sends the visitors down to the Third Division.
17 April 1990 – 20–year–old striker Mark Robins scores twice in Manchester United's 2–0 home league win over Aston Villa – a result which puts the opposition's title hopes into serious doubt. Charlton Athletic lose 2–1 at home to Wimbledon and are relegated.
21 April 1990 - Liverpool take another step towards the title with a 4-1 home win over Chelsea. Aston Villa keep their hopes alive with a 1-0 home win over Millwall. Luton keep their survival bid alive with a 2-0 home win over Arsenal, while Sheffield Wednesday are still in danger of going down with a 1-0 defeat to QPR at Loftus Road.
28 April 1990 – Liverpool seal their 18th top division title with a 2–1 home win over Queens Park Rangers as Aston Villa draw 3–3 at home to Norwich City. The battle to avoid the last relegation place in the First Division will go right to the wire, with Luton and Sheffield Wednesday both winning their penultimate First Division games. The Second Division promotion race will also go right down to the wire. Newcastle's 2-1 home win over West Ham keeps them in the hunt for automatic promotion, while leaving the visiting side's playoff hopes hanging by a thread. Leeds remain top of the table but second placed Sheffield United will go up and move into pole position if they win their game in hand. Chester City play the final Football League game at their Sealand Road home of 84 years – a 2–0 win over Rotherham United.
29 April 1990 – Nottingham Forest retain the League Cup with a 1–0 win over Oldham Athletic in the final. Nigel Jemson scores the only goal of the game. Colchester United are relegated to the GM Vauxhall Conference after 40 years in the Football League, their demotion from the Fourth Division being confirmed by a 4-0 defeat to Cambridge United at the Abbey Stadium, a result which keeps the home side's playoff hopes alive.
30 April 1990 – The month ends with Liverpool confirmed as First Division champions, and Aston Villa sure of second place. Luton Town trail Sheffield Wednesday by three points with one game remaining in the fight to avoid the last relegation place. The Second Division promotion race is still wide open. Leeds United (top), Sheffield United (second) and Newcastle United (third) are fighting it out for automatic promotion. Swindon Town, Blackburn Rovers and Sunderland complete the top six, but West Ham United, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Ipswich Town and Oldham Athletic still have a mathematical chance of breaking into the playoffs.
1 May 1990 – Kenny Dalglish makes his final appearance for Liverpool at the age of 39, in their 1–0 home league win over Derby County. The only goal of the game comes from Gary Gillespie. Sheffield United miss the chance to seal promotion to the First Division, being held to a goalless draw by Blackburn at Ewood Park.
5 May 1990 – Sheffield Wednesday are relegated on goal difference behind Luton Town, who win their final game of the season 3–2 at Derby County while the Hillsborough club lose 3–0 at home to Nottingham Forest. Liverpool's season ends in style with a 6–1 away win over Coventry City, and Tottenham Hotspur pip Arsenal to third place by one point. Sheffield United seal promotion back to the First Division after 14 years away. Dave Bassett achieves the sixth promotion of his career with a Blades side who finished level on points with champions Leeds United. Leeds United's promotion celebrations are marred when their fans riot in Bournemouth in the aftermath of the promotion clinching game against AFC Bournemouth, who were relegated by the result.
12 May 1990 – Manchester United and Crystal Palace draw 3–3 in the FA Cup final, forcing a replay. Mark Hughes is on the scoresheet twice for United and Bryan Robson once. Substitute Ian Wright scores two of Palace's goals, the other goal coming from Gary O'Reilly.
17 May 1990 – A Lee Martin goal gives Manchester United the FA Cup in a 1–0 replay victory over Crystal Palace.
18 May 1990 – David Seaman becomes Britain's most expensive goalkeeper when he agrees to join Arsenal in a £1.3 million move from Queens Park Rangers.
21 May 1990 – 34 Bolton Wanderers hooligans who were convicted of taking part in attacks on police officers and rival supporters are banned from travelling to Italy for the duration of the World Cup by the Italian government.
19 May 1990 – Chelsea sign Irish midfielder Andy Townsend from Norwich City for £1.5 million.
24 May 1990 – Bobby Robson announces that he will step down as England manager after the World Cup to take over as manager of Dutch side PSV Eindhoven.
28 May 1990 – Swindon Town win the Second Division playoff final by beating Sunderland 1–0, but their place in the First Division remains in doubt over the alleged tax scandal, over which Colin Calderwood has now been cleared but Lou Macari, Brian Hillier and Vince Farrar have been charged.
31 May 1990 – Aston Villa chairman Doug Ellis gives the Football Association permission to interview manager Graham Taylor for the England manager's job. Other names linked to the vacancy included Howard Wilkinson of Leeds United, Terry Venables of Tottenham Hotspur, Howard Kendall of Manchester City and the surprise candidate Joe Royle of Oldham Athletic, who has yet to manage in the top division.
1 June 1990 – The Football League votes to revert to a 22–club First Division for the 1991–92 season, while the Fourth Division will have 23 clubs in 1991–92 and 24 clubs in 1992–93, with no relegation to the Football Conference for the next two seasons.
2 June 1990 – England struggle to a 1–1 draw against Tunisia in Tunis in their final World Cup warm–up match.
5 June 1990 – Leeds United prepare for their First Division comeback with a £1million move for Gary McAllister of Leicester City. Three England fans receive 20–day prison sentences imposed by a court in Sardinia after being found guilty of theft and criminal damage.
6 June 1990 – Manchester United pay Oldham Athletic £625,000 for Irish full–back Denis Irwin.
7 June 1990 – Swindon Town are found guilty on 34 charges of financial irregularities at a Football League hearing. They are relegated to the Third Division as a punishment. Wimbledon pay Maidstone United £300,000 for defender Warren Barton.
11 June 1990 – England open their World Cup campaign with a 1–1 draw against Republic of Ireland.
12 June 1990 – Nottingham Forest sign midfielder Roy Keane (19 in August) from Irish club Cobh Ramblers for £10,000.
14 June 1990 – Leeds United prepare for their return to the First Division by signing Arsenal goalkeeper John Lukic for £1 million.
16 June 1990 – England draw 0–0 with the Netherlands in their second World Cup group game, leaving them needing to win the final group game against Egypt in five days to reach the Second Round.
21 June 1990 – England clinch qualification for the World Cup Second Round by beating Egypt 1–0 in their final group game.
26 June 1990 – England reach the quarter–finals of the World Cup with a second round 1–0 victory over Belgium.
29 June 1990 – Liverpool complete the permanent transfer of Israeli striker Ronnie Rosenthal from Standard Liège for £1 million.
1 July 1990 – England beat Cameroon 3–2 in the World Cup quarter finals, securing qualification to the semi–finals for the first time since the 1966 tournament.
2 July 1990 – Swindon Town win an appeal against their relegation to the Third Division, but miss out on promotion to the First Division and remain in the Second Division. Their place in the First Division goes to Sunderland.
4 July 1990 – England's hopes of World Cup glory are ended after they lose on penalties to West Germany in the semi–finals after a 1–1 draw.
7 July 1990 – England lose 2–1 to host nation Italy in the World Cup third place play–off.
National team
FA Cup
Alex Ferguson silenced the critics who attacked him for a lack of progress in the league by guiding Manchester United to a 1–0 replay victory over Crystal Palace in the FA Cup final, which was achieved after a 3–3 draw. The pivotal game in his side's season had been in the televised third round tie at Nottingham Forest, when a Mark Robins goal gave relegation-threatened United a surprise win and triggered improved times for the club. They won the FA Cup despite not playing a home game along the way, giving Ferguson his first major trophy as United's manager.
The season produced arguably the most memorable combination of FA Cup semi-finals in history, as Crystal Palace surprisingly beat Liverpool 4–3 just a couple of hours before Manchester United and Oldham Athletic fought out a 3–3 draw, with United going on to win the replay 2–1.
Football League Cup
Brian Clough's Nottingham Forest retained their League Cup by beating Oldham Athletic 1–0 at Wembley.
Football League
First Division
Liverpool secured their 18th First Division title, finishing nine points ahead of Aston Villa. Tottenham Hotspur, defending champions Arsenal and newly promoted Chelsea completed the top five.
Nottingham Forest retained the Football League Cup to match the record of four wins in the competition set by Liverpool, while Manchester United, despite experiencing their worst league campaign since returning to the top-flight in 1975, finally won some silverware at the fourth attempt under Alex Ferguson by lifting the FA Cup to match the record of seven wins in the competition set by Aston Villa and Tottenham Hotspur.
Millwall, who had briefly topped the First Division in September, ended the season relegated in bottom place with a mere five wins to their name all season. Charlton Athletic's luck finally ran out after four seasons as they became the next team to go down. The last relegation place went to Sheffield Wednesday, who went down on goal difference after a late escape act by Luton Town.
Second Division
Leeds United finally made it back to the First Division after eight years away by winning the Second Division title. They were joined by Sheffield United, who won a second successive promotion under manager Dave Bassett, who won his sixth promotion in 10 seasons. Swindon Town did beat Sunderland in the playoff final, but their opponents were then promoted instead after Swindon admitted to 36 charges of financial irregularities.
Stoke City's decline continued as they fell into the Third Division, along with a Bradford City side who had almost won promotion to the First Division two years earlier, while AFC Bournemouth's late season slump cost them their Second Division status and helped save Middlesbrough from a second successive relegation, as well as keeping West Bromwich clear of Third Division football for the first time.
Second Division play-offs
Third Division
Former England international Gerry Francis guided Bristol Rovers into the Second Division at the third attempt as they won the Third Division title, with local rivals Bristol City joining them as runners-up, and Neil Warnock's Notts County triumphing in the playoffs.
Walsall, Blackpool, Northampton Town and Cardiff City were all relegated to the Fourth Division.
Third Division play-offs
Fourth Division
Exeter City were promoted as Fourth Division champions, joined in the automatic promotion places by Southend United and a rejuvenated Grimsby Town who were on the comeback trail from near closure two years earlier. New manager John Beck kicked off his managerial career with playoff glory at Cambridge United. Maidstone United, making their debut in the Football League, reached the promotion play-offs but lost in the semi-final. Colchester United's 40-year stay in the Football League ended in relegation.
Fourth Division play-offs
Top goalscorers
First Division
Gary Lineker (Tottenham Hotspur) – 25 goals
Second Division
Micky Quinn (Newcastle United) – 32 goals
Third Division
Bob Taylor (Bristol City) – 27 goals
Fourth Division
Brett Angell (Stockport County) – 23 goals
Non-league football
The divisional champions of the major non-League competitions were:
Successful players
David Platt's frequent goalscoring from the Aston Villa midfield was not quite enough to earn his side the championship trophy, but it was enough for him to win the PFA Players' Player of the Year award.
Liverpool's John Barnes scored over 20 goals and helped his team win another league title and himself win the FWA Footballer of the Year award.
Southampton's Guernsey-born striker Matthew Le Tissier was credited with the PFA Young Player of the Year award for his exciting performances.
Manchester United's Mark Hughes had another good season as he helped his side overcome disappointing league form and reach the FA Cup final where he scored twice in the first game before they won the replay.
Oldham's Andy Ritchie scored 28 goals in all competitions as his side reached the F.A. Cup semi-final and League Cup final. His teammate Frankie Bunn scored six times in his side's League Cup win over Scarborough.
Newcastle striker Mick Quinn scored 32 times in the league and 36 in all competitions, but couldn't quite earn his side promotion to the First Division.
Promising Sheffield Wednesday striker Dalian Atkinson emerged as a competent goalscorer, but his side's relegation to the Second Division saw him wanting top-flight football, which he got in the form of a transfer to Spanish side Real Sociedad.
Wolves striker Steve Bull had another excellent season, highlighted by scoring four goals against Newcastle in the Second Division on New Year's Day and being the only Second Division player to feature in England's World Cup squad.
Successful managers
Kenny Dalglish brought another championship trophy to Liverpool after fighting off a late challenge from Aston Villa.
Alex Ferguson finally guided Manchester United to a major trophy after four seasons of trying when they beat Crystal Palace in the FA Cup final replay.
Graham Taylor took Aston Villa to the brink of championship glory just one season after they had been on the brink of relegation.
Steve Coppell took Crystal Palace to their first ever FA Cup final, losing to Manchester United in a replay after beating League Champions Liverpool in the semi final.
Dave Bassett took Sheffield United to a second successive promotion to bring top-flight football to Bramall Lane for the first time since the 1970s.
Howard Wilkinson led Leeds United back into the First Division after an eight-year exile.
Bobby Campbell guided newly promoted Chelsea to fifth place in the First Division.
Gerry Francis took Bristol Rovers to the Third Division championship.
Neil Warnock ended Notts County's five-year spell in the Third Division by guiding them to success in the promotion playoffs.
Alan Buckley rejuvenated Grimsby Town by guiding them to promotion success in the Fourth Division.
Brian Little took Darlington back into the Football League at the first attempt by guiding them to the Football Conference title.
Joe Royle guided Oldham to the League Cup final (their first ever Wembley appearance) and the F.A. Cup semi-final (their first appearance at that stage of the competition since 1913.
Denis Smith took Sunderland back to the top flight only 3 seasons after they had been relegated into the third tier for the first time in their history.
Famous debutants
19 August 1989: Trevor Sinclair, 16-year-old winger, makes his debut for Blackpool in their opening game of the Third Division campaign – a goalless draw at home to Wigan Athletic.
30 April 1990: Mark Bosnich, 18-year-old Australian goalkeeper, keeps a clean sheet on his debut for Manchester United at home to Wimbledon in a First Division goalless draw.
Retirements
1 May 1990: Kenny Dalglish, 39-year-old Liverpool player-manager, plays his last game for the club in their 1–0 home win over Derby County.
Deaths
15 July 1989 – Laurie Cunningham, 33, former England midfielder, was killed in a car crash in Spain. He played as a substitute for Wimbledon when they won the FA Cup in 1988. He also played for clubs including Leyton Orient, West Bromwich Albion, Real Madrid and Leicester City, and had a loan spell at Manchester United during the 1982–83 season.
26 July 1989 - Arthur Caldwell, 76, played 92 league games as a left-winger for Port Vale in the four years leading up to the outbreak of World War II. The war effectively ended his playing career after the age of 26.
1 September 1989 – Kazimierz Deyna, 41, former Polish international who had a spell with Manchester City in the late 1970s. Died in a car accident.
17 October 1989 - Derek Pace, 57, scored 196 Football League goals for four clubs between 1950 and 1966, including 40 goals for his first club Aston Villa and 140 for his second club Sheffield United.
27 October 1989 - Con Moulson, 83, former Irish national who played for Lincoln City and Notts County during the 1930s and 1940s, before managing Lincoln for a few months in 1965.
30 October 1989 - Frank Allen, 88, was an inside-forward during the interwar years for clubs including Barnsley, Southport and Barrow. He completed his career in France with Le Havre as one of the first British players to play for an overseas club side.
14 November 1989 – Jimmy Murphy, 79, assistant manager/chief coach at Manchester United during the reign of Matt Busby. Was also a long-time scout and reserve team manager for the club. Took temporary charge of the Manchester United first team during the five months following the Munich air disaster while Busby recovered from his injuries. Also managed the Welsh national side from 1956 to 1964, and during his playing days turned out for West Bromwich Albion and Swindon Town as a wing-half.
9 December - Basil Hayward, 61, played 349 league games as a centre-half, left-back and centre-forward for Port Vale between 1946 and 1958, scoring 55 goals, completing his league career at Portsmouth before spending four years at non-league Yeovil Town as player-manager. He managed Gillingham in the Football League from 1966 to 1971.
10 December 1989 -
- George Edmonds, 96, one of the oldest surviving Football League players and one of the last to have played before World War I, played at centre-forward for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the 1921 FA Cup Final and also scored 57 league goals during two spells at Watford.
- Frank Baker, 71, played 162 league games as an outside-left for Stoke City between 1936 and 1949.
- Sam Barkas, 79, was left-back in Manchester City's title winning side of 1937 and was capped five times for England on top of his 176 league appearances for the Maine Road side and a further 202 for his first club Bradford City.
15 January 1990 - Oscar Fox, 69, played 44 league games at wing-half for Sheffield Wednesday in the four immediate postwar seasons before a more active seven-year spell at Mansfield Town, where he played 248 league games and scored 30 goals.
2 February 1990 - Don Welsh, 78, who managed Liverpool for five years during the 1950s. As a player he was capped three times by England in the late 1930s and also played 199 First Division matches as a forward for Charlton Athletic.
6 March 1990 - Albert Dunlop, 57, kept goal 231 times in the league for Everton between 1956 and 1963, winning the league title in his final season at the club.
11 March 1990 – Dean Horrix, 28, Bristol City striker, was killed in a car crash just over a week after he joined the club from Millwall.
12 April 1990 - Harry O'Grady, 83, made 99 Football League appearances for eight clubs as a forward between 1929 and 1938.
5 May 1990 - George Hannah, 61, played 372 league games as a forward for Newcastle United, Lincoln City, Manchester City, Notts County and Bradford City between 1949 and 1966.
7 May 1990 - Charlie Walker, 78, played 118 games as full-back for West Ham United during a career which was interrupted by World War II.
30 June 1990 – Brian Tiler, 47, who played for Aston Villa during the 1970s and was a director for AFC Bournemouth from the mid-1980s, was killed in a car crash in Italy. Bournemouth manager Harry Redknapp was travelling in the same car as Tiler but survived.
References |
4039859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga%20River%20%28Iowa%29 | Volga River (Iowa) | The Volga River is an river in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is the major tributary of the Turkey River in the northeastern part of the state. The river runs through Fayette and Clayton counties before joining the Turkey River near Elkport. The Turkey River then runs into the Mississippi River near the town of Cassville, Wisconsin. The Volga River State Recreation Area is a state park along the river near Fayette.
See also
List of Iowa rivers
References
Rivers of Iowa
Rivers of Fayette County, Iowa
Rivers of Clayton County, Iowa |
5375486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheren%20Tang | Sheren Tang | }}
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Sheren Tang Shui-man (born 2 March 1966) is a Hong Kong actress. She is best known for her roles in the mega-hit Hong Kong TVB drama series War and Beauty, as well as La Femme Desperado, The Family Link, Rosy Business and No Regrets being the first Hong Kong actress to win the Best Actress Award in two consecutive years for the latter two.
She joined TVB in 1985, beginning her acting career as the female lead in the series Legend of the General Who Never Was (1985). Throughout the late 1980s, she rose to fame for her roles in many popular Hong Kong television series including wuxia dramas, New Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre (1986) and Ode to Gallantry (1989). She joined the television network ATV in 1996, filming several series including The Good Old Days (1996) and I Have A Date With Spring (1996).
Tang returned to TVB in 2000 and gained massive popularity for her role in War and Beauty (2004). She became the first actress to win TVB's My Favourite Powerhouse Actress Award two years in a row for this role and for The Threat of Love 2 (2003). Tang continued to outdo herself with her roles in Rosy Business (2009) and No Regrets (2010), which won her multiple awards in various countries. She has since appeared in Chinese series including New My Fair Princess (2011) and Star April (2017) before returning to Hong Kong television in 2018, filming a series for ViuTV released as Till Death Do Us Part (2019).
Early life and education
Tang was born in 1966 when her mother was 17. She was left with her paternal grandparents as a baby and her parents divorced when she was 5 years old. She has one paternal half-sister. Her ancestral hometown is Nanhai, Guangdong. Tang attended Heep Yunn School from primary to high school. She rarely saw her parents when she was growing up and credited her conversion to Christianity in mending the estranged relationship between them later in her adulthood. She was later made president of the Hong Kong ACF (Artistes Christian Fellowship) where many Hong Kong artistes including her co-stars are also members.
In 1984, with a nomination from Andy Lau, Tang joined TVB's 13th training course, which was the first year TVB reduced the course from one year to half a year, splitting the course into two semesters. Tang was in the second semester along with Kitty Lai, Aaron Kwok, Maggie Shiu, and Michael Tse. Both her paternal grandparents passed within a couple years after she joined TVB training classes, with her grandfather passing away before her first drama had been broadcast.
In 1991, she went to the United States on a student visa to study interior design while continuing to film for TVB during her study breaks. During this time, she considered quitting the acting industry and moving to the United States permanently. However, when she returned in 1994, she ultimately decided to stay in Hong Kong and continue acting, as there were more interesting roles for women being offered at the time.
Career
1985-1995: Rise to fame at TVB
Tang joined TVB's 13th training class. After her graduation in 1985, having only done a few commercials, Tang was cast in her first role as female lead in The Legend of the General Who Never Was. She went on to play first or second leading roles in the first few years of her career. Tang was cast in comedy series Happy Spirit where she acted alongside Carol Cheng as her younger sister. She starred as Chow chi-yeuk in New Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre, the 1986 adaptation of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber novel. She played Ching Yuet Yue in Police Cadet 1988, the second sequel to the widely popular Police Cadet series.
In 1989, she was featured in five series, three of which she starred alongside Roger Kwok; The Vixen’s Tale, I Do I Do, and The War Heroes. That same year she was cast in Ode to Gallantry, a Wuxia comedy based on the famous novel, where she starred as the character Ding Dong, reuniting with Police Cadet and New Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre costar Tony Leung. In 1990, she was cast as Fong Hei Tung in the series Friends and Lovers alongside Teresa Mo. Tang had let producers know that she was interested in working with Mo if given the opportunity prior to her casting and has stated that she is extremely grateful to have been cast in the series.
Her first supporting role was in the 1994 series The Intangible Truth where she starred as the sister to Roger Kwok’s character. The role was originally a guest role but subsequently became a significant character for the first half of the series. That same year, Tang played Tong Man Yung, best friend to Amy Chan’s character in popular series at the time, Fate of the Clairvoyant and starred as Kam Yik Lin in the comedy Filthy Rich.
In 1995, Tang played Joyce Yan, a forensic pathologist in File of Justice IV, the fourth instalment of the popular File of Justice series She also starred as ICAC officer Poon Wai Yan in the female-led drama Corruption Doesn't Pay, alongside Esther Kwan and Kiki Sheung.
1996-1999: Move to ATV
In 1996, Tang signed a one-year contract with ATV, filming over 200 episodes in a span of one to two years. She starred in the 1996 adaptation of I Have A Date With Spring as Yiu Siu Deep. While the drama did not attract many viewers in Hong Kong, it was a huge success in Mainland China and the series has acquired a cult following. The role is considered one of her earlier representative works in China and Tang has continued to appear on dozens of variety programs and award shows performing songs from the series. She also reunited with costars Amy Chan, Kiki Sheung, and Maggie Shiu in one of the few popular ATV series The Good Old Days. She was also in the drama Interpol released in 1997. When her contract with ATV ended, she went on to act in several Taiwanese drama series. In 1998, she also appeared in Liang Po Po: The Movie as a foreign talent from Hong Kong that is engaged as an expert to impart knowledge of the triad to local gangsters like Liang Po Po. In 1999, Tang played a supporting role in the widely popular film Fly Me to Polaris.
2000-2008: Return to TVB and War and Beauty Popularity
In 2000, she returned to TVB and starred in the weekend drama series The Threat of Love, which featured a new plot every episode. It grew to be popular among audiences, particularly for a weekend drama and was praised for its unique and progressive storylines. A sequel was released in 2003.
In 2001, Tang starred as a film director, Koi Ying-Jing in Screen Play and as Koo Yiu in the period drama Country Spirit. She went on to play supporting roles in the 2002 drama Good Against Evil and 2003 teen drama Aqua Heroes. Tang appeared as Su Tian Xin in the 2003 Taiwanese series Eternity: A Chinese Ghost Story which featured a large cast from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
In 2003, she won the My Favourite Powerhouse Actress Award (renamed Best Supporting Actress Award in 2005) at the TVB Anniversary Awards for the various roles she played in The Threat of Love 2. In 2004, she repeated her win for this award and also won one of the Favourite Television Character Awards for her role in War and Beauty.
Her acting in War and Beauty as Yu Fei (如妃), an initially favoured consort who eventually falls from power, was critically acclaimed, making her a hot favourite for the "Best Actress" award in 2004. However, she did not win, with the award being given to Gigi Lai instead. Voting was closed the night before the awards ceremony, with Tang leading by a landslide; thus many people concluded that the "Best Actress" award would surely go to her. Tang, instead, went home with the My Favourite Powerhouse Actress Award (now renamed as Best Supporting Actress award). This attracted a lot of public backlash, which prompted the ICAC to conduct investigations into the award show. Her loss is considered and remembered as one of the biggest snubs in the awards show history. Tang said that although she felt a tiny bit of disappointment at the time due to the abundance of support and stated "anyone can get affected by people's words", she also said that she performed her best which audiences recognized and that is already enough for her, comparing an award to a dessert, something that is extra.
She expanded her career to Mainland China in 2005 starring in two series. In the same year, Tang starred as So Sam in the costume drama The Prince’s Shadow and was also in the suspense film Slim Till Dead. She made an appearance in a flashback scene as the mother of Dragon played by Donnie Yen in the Hong Kong film Dragon Tiger Gate in 2006.
In 2006, Tang starred as a tough marketing CEO Hilda Hoi, in La Femme Desperado, which ranked number 1 in Hong Kong viewership ratings that year and won the Best Drama Award at the TVB Anniversary Awards. Tang was also nominated in the Best Actress Top 5 category and the My Favourite Female Television Role Top 5 category. In 2007, Tang went on to star in The Family Link where she was once again nominated in the Best Actress Top 5 category. The drama was ranked number 1 in average Hong Kong viewership ratings that year and was nominated for Best Drama at the TVB Anniversary Awards in 2007. That same year she also played a role in The Drive of Life, a TVB and CCTV joint grand production.
She starred as Kelly Yim in Your Class or Mine in 2008, reuniting with her File of Justice and Screenplay costar, Bobby Au Yeung. That same year, in addition to Rosy Business, Tang also filmed two Chinese series.
2009-2015: Rosy Business/No Regrets and Success in China
In 2009, Tang's role as the 4th Wife (四奶奶) of a rice business owner in Rosy Business brought her much popularity, making her a hot favourite for the "Best Actress" award once again. However, it was said that TVB pushed back the award show to December so that grand production dramas Born Rich and Beyond the Realm of Conscience could be included in the nominations, diminishing Tang's chance of winning the award again. It was rumoured that TVB had initially wanted to promote female lead of Beyond the Realm of Conscience, Tavia Yeung, to become the Best Actress since Tang was not under a permanent contract with the network. However, Yeung openly said that if Tang did not get the "Best Actress" award, she would join the rest of the netizens to protest against TVB's decision. Fortunately, this time round, with TVB producer Catherine Tsang backing her, Tang was duly awarded her "Best Actress" award, much to the joy of Hong Kong citizens, whereby there was a petition signed by them for TVB to award Tang her long-overdue "Best Actress" award, failing which they will hold protests outside TVB City, the network's headquarters.
At the 2010 TVB Anniversary Awards which was held on 5 December 2010, thanks to her brilliant performance as Cheng Gau-Mui (鄭九妹), the complex daughter of a drug lord who plans to destroy her father's business from the inside, in the highly acclaimed indirect sequel to Rosy Business, No Regrets, Tang was once again seen as a hot favourite for the "Best Actress" award. In addition to strong backing from netizens, Tang was once again awarded the coveted "Best Actress" award, making her the first actress in Hong Kong to win this top award consecutively. Her acting and the role gained even more praise and critical acclaim than Rosy Business and established Tang as one of the most talented actresses from TVB. Tang has stated that her roles from Rosy Business and No Regrets are her favourite among all the characters she has played.
Already notable from War and Beauty and other TVB drama series, Tang and her co-star Wayne Lai gained even more popularity in Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan, and Cantonese-speaking Asian communities overseas after the release of both hit series Rosy Business and No Regrets, with many considering them as one of the best onscreen duos on television. They have continued to work together occasionally for charity, public events, and variety shows over the years.
In 2011, she starred as the empress in the Mainland China series New My Fair Princess, a remake of the 1998 hit series My Fair Princess. This role won her a Huading Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2011. Her involvement in the series prevented her from taking a similar role in Chinese hit series Empresses in the Palace. The role went to co-star and friend Ada Choi, who was originally supposed to play Tang's character in War and Beauty. Tang calls their "character swap" fantastic and fate. Tang also clarified that she was only asked to join this series, and stated rumors of her rejecting a role in another hit series Story of Yanxi Palace were false, since she was never asked to join that series.
From 2012 to 2014, she also played a supporting role as Aunt Poise in The Four film trilogy where she reunited with 2005 suspense film Slim Till Dead costar and friend Anthony Wong.
In 2012, Tang starred as Bai Yuqin in the historical drama Allure Snow. In 2013, she starred in Love Is Not For Sale as the executive of a supermarket chain. Her contract expired with TVB after filming for the indirect sequel of War and Beauty, Beauty at War in 2012. In mid 2013, during promotional events and interviews for the series' release, Tang spoke about the difficulty of preparation due to script delays, particularly the lack of script available even on the day of shooting, which contributed to major anxiety and some physical health problems. She was diagnosed with dysautonomia during this time. Tabloids reported that this caused TVB to announce they will not renew her contract, even though Tang had previously said in 2012 before production began that the drama will be her last with the network for the time being and will be focusing her work in mainland China. Both Tang and the network have stated that reports were largely exaggerated and there was no conflict. Tang has always said that she is open to returning to TVB again if there is a role right for her.
In 2014, she starred in the costume comedy Cosmetology High playing historical figure, Wu Zetian, the only empress regnant (female emperor) of China.
Tang took approximately two years off from acting in 2014 and 2015 to focus on her health after being diagnosed with dysautonomia and minor thyroid problems. She has since made a full recovery.
2016-present: Return to Hong Kong television and New Management
In 2016, after a short hiatus, Tang appeared in the film Heartfall Arises. She signed a one-year contract with Wong Cho Lam's new management Tailor Made Productions Limited which ended in 2017. In 2017, she was cast in Chinese dramas Star April and Once Given Never Forgotten, the latter which aired in 2021.
In 2018, Tang filmed her first Hong Kong series in 5 years Till Death Do Us Part. The series is her first with new broadcaster ViuTV and her first time acting alongside former TVB cast mates Sunny Chan and Bernice Liu. It was released in 2019.
In July 2021, Tang confirmed on Weibo that she has signed with Chinese management company Haohan Entertainment. The company also confirmed she has wrapped filming new drama, 我們的當打之年.
Sources had reported that Tang was asked to return to TVB for several dramas since 2015 after her contract ended in 2012 which included My Unfair Lady and Wonder Women, as the network tried to revamp after a couple years of low viewership and a hefty number of artistes and employees leaving. She instead made an appearance as a presenter at the TVB Anniversary Awards in 2016 and appeared on a couple of the network's talk show programmes in 2017. Tang stated over recent years that she tries to be mindful of health first, afraid of overworking herself again and would like to read at least a partial script before taking a new role. At the 2016 TVB Anniversary Awards, she joked that she cannot handle fei tze jai, literally a small piece of paper, which is a term used to describe writers writing the next lines on small pieces of paper for the cast while shooting on location due to unfinished scripts, once popular in Hong Kong television and film. In January 2021, TVB confirmed Tang's involvement in the fourth instalment of the Rosy Business franchise; accepting the gig before a script was written. However, as of early 2022, the project is still in development and the cast has yet to be confirmed after facing investment issues due to script issues and delays.
Filmography
TVB series
ATV series
Other series
Film
Music videos
Variety & reality programs
Discography
Soundtrack
I Have A Date With Spring (1995)
Advertisements & Endorsements
2009: La Prairie 泊妮化妆品
2009: OTO Bodycare OTO揼揼鬆
2010: Lion White Story Laundry Detergent 潔白物語洗衣粉（獅王潔白物語）
2010-2020: Meiriki Japan 日本命力強骼素
2010: Rohto Eye Moisturizer 樂敦養潤水
2010: Easy Dance 纖形22
2011: Blue Cross Insurance Hong Kong (with Wayne Lai) 藍十字保險
2012: Salon De Pro 染髮劑
2013: Noto Ginseng 樂道三七
2016-present: Rohto 50の惠 養潤育髮精華素
2020: SCHSA Medical Alarm Smartphone
2020: SCHSA Medical Alarm Smartwatch (with Helena Law)
Awards and nominations
Other awards
1986 華僑晚報 Overseas Chinese Daily News - Top 10 TV Stars
2004 My Favourite TV Character (voted by artistes/War and Beauty)
2004 娱乐满天星 - Most Popular Actress
2004 娱乐满天星 - Most Popular Villain (War and Beauty)
2004 Metro Radio - Best Classic Character (Grand Prize)
2004 Metro Radio - Best Actress
2004 Radio Television Hong Kong - Most Outstanding Actress
2004 Xin Lang (Hong Kong) - Top 10 Outstanding People (4th position)
2005 FarmX Teen Power B-Day Party - Most Popular TV Personality Prize
2007 Metro Radio - Best Newsworthy TV Queen
2009 My Favourite TV Character (voted by artistes/Rosy Business)
2009 Best Actress (voted by artistes/Rosy Business)
2010 My Favourite TV Character (voted by artistes/No Regrets)
2010 Best Actress (voted by artistes/No Regrets)
2010 Eileen Cha's Netizens' Choice - Best Actress
TVshow2010娛樂電視大獎 - My Favourite TV Female Character
2012 星尚大典 Best Film & Television Character
2013 卓展·Lady - Top 10 Female Characters with Positive Energy (Beauty At War)
2021 OK! Magazine Awards - OK! Yearly Favourite Actress
References
External links
Sheren Tang's Official Sina blog
Sheren Tang's Official Sina Weibo
Sheren Tang on Instagram
Sheren Tang on Facebook
1966 births
Living people
Hong Kong film actresses
Hong Kong television actresses
TVB veteran actors
Hong Kong Christians
Hong Kong Protestants
20th-century Hong Kong actresses
21st-century Hong Kong actresses |
4039865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego%20Star%20Wars%20II%3A%20The%20Original%20Trilogy | Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy | Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by LucasArts and TT Games Publishing. It was released on 11 September 2006. Part of the Lego Star Wars series, it is based on the Star Wars science fiction media franchise and Lego Group's Lego Star Wars eponymous Star Wars-themed toy line. It follows the events of the Star Wars films, A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. The game allows players to assume the roles of over 50 Lego versions of characters from the film series; customized characters can also be created. Camera movement was improved from its predecessor Lego Star Wars: The Video Game and the concept of "vehicle levels" was explored more thoroughly. The game was revealed at American International Toy Fair. Promotions for the game were set up at chain stores across the United States.
Lego Star Wars II was critically and commercially successful; it has sold over 8.2 million copies worldwide as of May 2009. Critics praised the game for its comedic and "adorable" portrayal of the film series and due to preference for the original trilogy over the prequel trilogy. However, the game's low difficulty, and its Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS versions in general, were received more poorly. The game received awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and Spike TV, among others. A mobile phone adaptation, Lego Star Wars II Mobile, was later developed by Universomo, published by THQ, and released on 19 December 2006. Lego Star Wars II and its predecessor were compiled in Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga, released a year later.
Gameplay
Lego Star Wars IIs gameplay is from a third-person perspective, and takes place in a 3D game world that contains objects, environments, and characters designed to resemble Lego pieces. Its gameplay—a combination of the action-adventure, platform, and sometimes puzzle genres—shares elements with that of Lego Star Wars: The Video Game (2005). While Lego Star Wars followed the events of The Phantom Menace (1999), Attack of the Clones (2002), and Revenge of the Sith (2005), Lego Star Wars II is based on Star Wars (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and Return of the Jedi (1983). The game comically retells the trilogy's events using cutscenes without dialogue. The player assumes the roles of the films' characters, each of whom possesses specific weapons and abilities. At any time, a second player can join the game, by activating a second controller. During gameplay, players can collect Lego studs – small, disk-shaped objects, which serve as the game's currency. The player has a health meter, which is displayed on the game's heads-up display. The player's health is represented by four hearts; when these hearts are depleted, the player dies, and a small amount of their studs bounce away. However, they instantly respawn and can often re-collect the lost studs.
The game's central location is the Mos Eisley cantina, a spaceport bar on the planet Tatooine. At the counter, the player may use their Lego studs to purchase characters, vehicles, gameplay hints and extras, or activate cheat codes. In a small area outside the cantina, players may view collected vehicles. The game is broken into levels, which are accessed from the cantina; each film is represented by six levels, representing key locations and scenes in that film. The locations include Hoth, Bespin, Dagobah, Tatooine, the Death Star, and Endor. The game also features bonus levels. During levels, the player defeats enemies, builds objects out of Lego bricks, and drives vehicles. Certain levels are played entirely while piloting vehicles, including a TIE fighter, a Snowspeeder, and the Millennium Falcon. Levels must first be played in Story Mode. This unlocks the next level as well as a Free Play mode for the recently completed level. Gameplay is identical in the two modes. However, Story Mode restricts playable characters to those followed in the film scenes the levels are based on, while Free Play-offers all those unlocked. Levels can be replayed in either mode to collect studs and secret items.
Three types of secret items are available: gold bricks, minikits, and power bricks. Within each level is hidden one power brick. When a power brick is collected, its corresponding extra, such as invincibility or stud multipliers, becomes available for purchase. Each level also contains ten hidden minikits, that is, ten pieces of a Star Wars vehicle. When all ten have been collected, the player is awarded a gold brick. Collecting a certain number of gold bricks unlocks free rewards, such as a spigot that spews out studs. Gold bricks are also awarded when levels are completed, and when a predefined number of studs is accumulated in a level; ninety-nine gold bricks are available. The vehicles represented by the minikits are displayed outside the cantina. As each vehicle is completed (all ten minikits collected), it becomes available for play in a bonus level.
Playable characters
68 characters from the films are playable over the course of the game, including variations of Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Chewbacca, Lando Calrissian, R2-D2, C-3PO, Darth Vader, Wicket the Ewok, and Boba Fett. Character abilities have a greater role in Lego Star Wars II than in Lego Star Wars. Certain characters armed with guns can use a grappling hook in predesignated areas. Characters wielding lightsabers can deflect projectiles, double jump and use the Force. R2-D2, C-3PO, and other droid characters are needed to open particular doors. Small characters like the Ewok and Jawa can crawl through hatches to reach otherwise inaccessible areas. Bounty hunters, such as Boba Fett, may use thermal detonators to destroy otherwise indestructible objects. Sith, like Darth Vader, can use the Force to manipulate black Lego objects. Some characters have unique abilities; for example, Chewbacca can rip enemies' arms from their sockets, Darth Vader can choke enemies with the Force, Princess Leia possesses a slap attack, and Lando Calrissian can use a kung-fu-like attack. Special abilities are often necessary to unlock secrets, and story mode does not always provide characters with needed abilities. This means that some secrets can be found only in free play mode. The player can unlock the "Use Old Save" extra, which imports all unlocked characters from Lego Star Wars for use in free play; however, a Lego Star Wars saved game must be present on the same memory card that contains Lego Star Wars IIs save data.
Players can create two customized characters in the Mos Eisley cantina. These characters can be built using both miscellaneous parts and those of unlocked characters; 2,258,163,204 combinations are possible. Entering two cheat codes, publicized by IGN, makes pieces for a Santa Claus character available. The game generates names for the characters based on the pieces used (for example, a character made from pieces of Darth Vader and C-3PO might have the name "Darth-3PO"); alternately, the player may create a name.
Development
Lego Star Wars II was created by the Cheshire game developer Traveller's Tales. LucasArts – busy with other projects – had deferred publishing of Lego Star Wars to Eidos Interactive, but regained the "necessary resources" to publish its sequel alongside TT Games Publishing. Lego Star Wars II was created for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance (GBA), Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable (PSP), and Xbox 360. Differences exist between platforms: the DS and GBA versions have some different playable characters than the other versions, and the DS and PSP versions support a "Wireless Lobby" for multiplayer gameplay.
Lego Star Wars II uses a modified Lego Star Wars engine. However, many gameplay improvements were made over its predecessor, most notably camera angles and movement. Camera movement in co-op was a specific point of concern, as LucasArts received critical feedback from fans over this issue. Traveller's Tales looked to expand upon the concept of levels completed entirely in vehicles. These "vehicle levels" were explored more thoroughly in Lego Star Wars II than in its predecessor. In response to complaints from fans, LucasArts and Traveller's Tales granted the ability to build bricks to all non-droid characters. Character customization, an entirely new concept, was considered a significant improvement over the original game, and is one of three features highlighted on the game's final back cover. Tom Stone, director at Traveller's Tales, stated of the various improvements made over the original game:
The designers attempted to recreate the films' characters and events in a "cute" way. Assistant producer Jeff Gullet said that, in the game's recreation of a Return of the Jedi scene where Luke Skywalker "jumps off the plank... and somersaults onto the skiff", Skywalker "performs an all-out acrobatic routine with all sorts of jumps from the plank. It's hilarious". LucasArts producer David Perkinson said, "unless you've got the heart of the Emperor, you are going to chuckle at many of [the characters] the first time you see them – you just have to. They're so darn cute!"
Marketing and release history
On 2 February 2006, images of the game were leaked to the Internet. However, they were quickly removed, and LucasArts, if telephoned, did not confirm or deny the game's development. The game was formally announced on 10 February, at American International Toy Fair 2006. A preview was later hosted at Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) 2006. Because the original Lego Star Wars had been well received commercially and critically, selling 3.3 million copies by March 2006 and winning several awards, its sequel was highly anticipated both by fans of the original game and by video game publications such as IGN and GameSpot. Shortly before the game's release, promotions were set up at chain stores across the United States, including Toys "R" Us, Wal-Mart, Target, Best Buy, GameStop, and Circuit City.
In Europe, Lego Star Wars II was released on 11 September 2006, for PC, Xbox, GameCube, GBA, DS, and Xbox 360; on 15 September for PlayStation 2; and on 10 November for PSP. The game's North American release fell on 12 September for all platforms, coinciding with the release of the individual two-disc DVD releases of the films on which it was based. The game's Australian release fell on 15 September for all platforms, but the Xbox 360 version was not released in this region. The OS X version of the game was released in 2007. The PlayStation2 and Nintendo DS versions were the only versions that saw release in Japan, which occurred on 2November 2006. The game received a rating of E10+ from the Entertainment Software Rating Board (for "cartoon violence" and "crude humor"), 3+ from PEGI, and A from CERO.
A mobile phone adaptation of the game was developed by Universomo and published by THQ. It was released on 19 December 2006. Several gameplay features – such as two-dimensional graphics, limited character selection, and coverage only of the film Star Wars — distinguish this version of the game from the versions for other platforms. Lego Star Wars and Lego Star Wars II were later compiled in Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga, developed by Traveller's Tales and published by LucasArts. The Complete Saga incorporated improvements from the sequel into the original game, and expanded the Mos Eisley cantina to allow access to both games' levels. It was created for Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, and DS. It was released on 6November 2007.
Reception
Upon release, Lego Star Wars II was positively received by critics, who praised its portrayal of the films' characters and events. Nintendo Power staff writer Chris Shepperd claimed that "[t]he adorable LEGO adaptations also led to some hilarious story moments: the 'I am your father' scene from The Empire Strikes Back is priceless". Reviewers from GameSpy, 1UP.com, GameSpot, IGN, and PlayStation: The Official Magazine offered similar opinions. Shepperd and Varietys Ben Fritz called the game "adorable". In reviews of the Xbox 360 version, Official Xbox Magazine praised the game's "off-kilter humor", and Electronic Gaming Monthly stated that "[y]ou have to give credit to the brilliant blockhead who forced this awesome yet fundamentally bizarro idea on LucasArts." Jeff Bell, corporate vice president of global marketing for Microsoft, commended Lego Star Wars II for expanding the range of consumers for the Xbox 360, noting its family-friendly appeal.
The game was praised as a result of reviewers' preference of the original trilogy over the prequel trilogy. Andrew Reiner of Game Informer said that "comparing [the prequel trilogy] to the films in the original trilogy is similar to comparing Jar Jar Binks to Han Solo". Shepperd praised the level design of Lego Star Wars II, and called its predecessor's environments "sterile". These views were echoed by reviewers from 1UP.com, Variety, GameSpot, GameSpy, Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine (for the PlayStation2), and BusinessWeek.
Critics were divided on the game's level of difficulty. Fritz claimed that, though Lego Star Wars II provided only a "short journey", it was "loads of fun". GameSpots Ryan Davis estimated that it could be completed in six hours, but praised its bonus content. GameSpy and 1UP.com's reviewers thought similarly. A review by USA Todays Brett Molina claimed that "[t]he game's difficulty is balanced well enough so kids won't feel too frustrated while older gamers will still find a solid challenge" and gave the game an overall score of 8out of 10. Official Xbox Magazines review praised its "weird puzzles". IGN's Jeremy Dunham and Reiner were more critical of the perceived low difficulty.
Critics disliked the game's Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS versions. Davis believed that the Game Boy Advance version could be completed in two hours. GameSpy staff writer Phil Theobald bemoaned this version's poor controls, easy levels, and vehicle-piloting sections. He concluded that "for goodness sake, [one should] buy one of the [home] console versions". Theobald, Davis, and IGN's Craig Harris criticized the high number of glitches in the DS version.
Accolades and sales
Lego Star Wars II won and was nominated for numerous awards, and ranked on several video game lists. The official Star Wars website declared Lego Star Wars II to be the best Star Wars-related product of 2006. The game won iParenting Media Awards' "2006 Greatest Products Call", and was placed on Reader's Digests September 2006 "5 Things We Don't Want You to Miss" list, Time magazine's list of the top ten video games of 2006, and GameSpy's PC "Game of the Year" list. It received the 2006 Game of the Year award from Nick Jr. and IGN (for PC games only). It won Spike TV Video Game Awards 2006's "Best Game Based on a Movie or TV Show", and "Best Gameplay" from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts's 3rd British Academy Video Games Awards. It received BAFTA nominations in three other categories, including "Best Game". In contrast, the previously poorly received DS version was listed as one of the "tears" on IGN's September 2009 "Cheers & Tears" list of action games for the DS. The editors of Computer Games Magazine named Lego Star War II the fifth-best computer game of 2006, and called it "a superb action/adventure, one with [...] an almost puppy dog-like insistence that you love it."
Lego Star Wars II sold over 1.1million copies worldwide in its opening week. The PlayStation2, GameCube, Xbox 360, and Xbox versions were the third, fifth, eighth, and ninth-best selling games of September 2006, respectively. The GameCube, Xbox, and PlayStation2 versions were the third, eighth, and ninth-best selling games of 2006, respectively. All platforms except PC combined, the game was the third-highest selling of 2006 in the United States, behind Madden NFL 07 and Cars. All platforms combined, the game was the fifth-highest selling of 2006 in the United Kingdom. The GameCube, GBA, and DS versions were the first, second, and fifth best-selling of January 2007 for their respective platforms. By 2May 2009, the game's worldwide sales had surpassed 8.2 million. It has been certified as part of the budget lines Platinum Hits for the Xbox 360, Greatest Hits for the PlayStation2 (each represents a worldwide sales total of at least 400,000 on its respective platform), and Player's Choice for the GameCube (250,000).
References
External links
2006 video games
3D platform games
Action-adventure games
Cooperative video games
Game Boy Advance games
Games for Windows certified games
Lego Star Wars
Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy
MacOS games
Nintendo DS games
GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Star Wars (film) video games
The Empire Strikes Back video games
Return of the Jedi video games
Star Wars video games
Traveller's Tales games
Video game sequels
Video games scored by David Whittaker
Video games set on fictional planets
Windows games
Xbox games
Xbox 360 games
LucasArts games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Feral Interactive games
BAFTA winners (video games)
J2ME games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Universomo games
Amaze Entertainment games
sv:Lego Star Wars (spelserie)#Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy |
5375510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Point%20Men | The Point Men | The Point Men is a 2001 action crime thriller film by John Glen, the director of all the James Bond films in the 1980s. He cast Maryam d'Abo, the leading Bond girl from his film The Living Daylights (1987), in a small role in this film.
Plot
Tony Eckhardt is shot in an anti-terrorist operation and insists that the man killed during the operation was not their intended target, the terrorist Amar Kamil. Kamil undergoes extensive facial reconstruction surgery to look like a man kidnapped to take the fall for an assassination planned to take place during an upcoming press conference. Members of the Israeli team are being killed off and Eckhardt pursues Kamil while hoping to stay alive to raise his unborn daughter.
Cast
Christopher Lambert - Tony Eckhardt
Kerry Fox - Maddy Hope
Vincent Regan - Amar Kamil
Cal Macaninch - Horst
Nicolas de Pruyssenaere - Peter Hauser
Donald Sumpter - Benni Baum
Maryam d'Abo - Francie Koln
External links
2001 films
2001 action thriller films
2000s crime action films
2001 crime thriller films
British crime action films
French crime action films
French crime thriller films
French action thriller films
British crime thriller films
British action thriller films
Films about terrorism in Europe
Films directed by John Glen
Films set in Israel
Films set in Tel Aviv
Films set in Switzerland
Films set in Luxembourg
English-language French films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
2000s French films |
5375511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20McClary%20Fite | Samuel McClary Fite | Samuel McClary Fite (June 12, 1816 – October 23, 1875) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 4th congressional district.
Biography
Samuel McClary Fite was born the son of Jacob and Matilda M. Fite on June 12, 1816 near Alexandria, Tennessee in Smith County. He attended the common and private schools and graduated from Clinton College in Tennessee. Fite studied law in Lebanon, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Carthage, Tennessee. He married Catherine Isabella Wilson on September 5, 1855, and they had three daughters, Josephine Rowena, Catherine McClary, and Alberta Beard.
Career
By 1850, Fite was a member of the Tennessee Senate. In 1852 at the age of 36, he was placed on the Whig ticket as a presidential elector. From 1858 to 1861, he was a judge of the sixth judicial district. Upon suspension of the court during the war, he resumed the practice of law in Carthage, Tennessee. He was appointed on July 24, 1869 to be the judge of the sixth judicial district to fill a vacancy. He was elected to the same position on January 8, 1870, and he served until 1874.
In 1875, Fite was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John W. Head. He served from March 4, 1875 until his death, before the assembling of Congress.
Death
Fite died at a sanitarium in Hot Springs, Arkansas on October 23, 1875, (age 59 years, 133 days) and was interred at Carthage Cemetery in Carthage, Tennessee. He was then reinterred at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee in 1908.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
References
External links
1816 births
1875 deaths
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee state court judges
19th-century American politicians
People from Carthage, Tennessee
19th-century American judges |
4039882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikome | Shikome | , in Japanese mythology, was a hag sent by the dead Izanami to pursue her husband Izanagi, for shaming her by breaking promise not to see her in her decayed form in the Underworld (Yomi-no-kuni). Also recorded by the name , the name may have been a term referring collectively to eight hags, not just one.
Accounts in mythology
The hag appears by the Yomotsu-shikome (or Ugly-Female-of-the-Underworld") name in the eldest Japanese chronicle Kojiki. But either eight demon-hags (female oni) or a woman/women named Yomotsu-hisame hunted after Izanagi according to the Nihon Shoki, which frequently gives different readings from alternative sources.
Kojiki version
Izanagi was fleeing the Underworld with Yomotsu-shikome in hot pursuit. Izanagi first cast down his black headdress, which turned into a kind of grapes and slowed the hag's advance as she devoured them. Next he broke off his comb and cast them, and the broken piece (the teeth?) turned into bamboo shoots, slowing her down again as she pulled them out and ate them. But the hag was now joined by a large army 1500 strong led by eight Thunder-deities. Izanagi brandished his but still they pursued, until he climbed atop the "flat slope" or "Even Pass" at the entrance to the Underworld, and flung three peaches, whereby the pursuers retreated. After this, Izanami herself came in pursuit, and Izanagi blocked the entrance at the slope with a boulder.
Nihon Shoki version
Apart from the variant name and the possibility of multiple hags ("eight Ugly Females of Yomi,") are some minor discrepancies, such as the lack of mention of the Thunder god and the army and the peaches. As Izanagi reached the entrance, Izanami was already there. According to one telling, Izanagi urinated at the large tree, so that the water swelled into a river, and before Yomotsu-hisame could cross it, Izanagi reached the entrance named the "Even Pass of Yomi".
Critical literature
Several commentators have pointed to the connection between the peach in this story and the general traditional belief or superstition that the peach has supernatural evil-warding powers. The symbolism of the "Peach Boy" or Momotarō that defeated the oni is often used as a familiar illustrative parallel.
See also
Izanami
Oni (demon)
Totsuka-no-Tsurugi
Aarne-Thompson Tale Type 313
Stith Thompson motif D672. Obstacle flight
Lampad (The Lampads or Lampades are the nymphs of the Underworld in Classical Greco-Roman mythology.)
Notes
Citations
References
(Reprint) Wikisource:
External links
Encyclopedia of Shinto: Yomotsushikome
Encyclopedia of Shinto: Yomotsuhisame
Japanese legendary creatures
Shinto kami
Female legendary creatures
Oni |
5375528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20SH150i | Honda SH150i | The Honda SH150i is a motor scooter, developed by Honda and presented during 2005. The SH150i is the best selling scooter in Italy.
References
External links
Honda website
SH150i
Motorcycles introduced in 2005
Motor scooters |
4039883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margamkali | Margamkali | Margamkali (Malayalam:മാർഗ്ഗംകളി ) is an ancient Indian round dance of the St. Thomas Christians community- based in Kerala state, mainly practiced by the endogamous sub-sect known as the Knanaya or Southist Christians. The dance retells the life and missionary work of Thomas the Apostle, based on the 3rd-century apocryphal Acts of Thomas.
History
There are several opinions on the potential origin of Margamkali. They are:
It is traced back to Jewish wedding songs and dance from the diaspora. Scholars have found common origin among Malabar Jewish dance and songs and the dance form of Margamkali. In addition, scholars like P.M. Jussay and Dr Shalva Weil have found many similarities in the customs and rituals of Knanaya Christians and Malabar Jews.
It is derived from Sangam kali, a performance dance form of Brahmins.
It is derived from the Yathra Kali, a performance art of Nambudiri Brahmins in Kerala.
"Margam" means path or way or solution in Malayalam, but in the religious context it is known as the path to attain salvation. The process of conversion to Christianity was known as "Margam Koodal" until recently in Kerala. Much of this folk art is woven around the mission of St. Thomas, the Apostle. The original Margam Kali describes the arrival of St. Thomas in Malabar, the miracles he performed, the friendship as well as the hostility of the people among whom he worked, the persecution he suffered, the churches and crosses he put up in various places, etc. These details are incorporated in the various stanzas of the Margam Kali songs. Kerala's Margam Kali is an important element in the age-old and hallowed tradition of St Thomas among the Syrian Christians of Malabar Coast.
The disparity between the present condition of this form and the early days leads one to assume three important phases in the history of Margamkali. The first phase was the pre-colonization one in which this semi-theatrical form was performed by the Saint Thomas Christians during special occasions. Parichamuttukali (The sword and shield dance) was also a part of it. Later Synod of Diamper curbed and suppressed this native form. During the seventeenth century, due to the efforts of a Knanaya priest Itti Thomman Kathanar, the textual part of this form got certain upliftment and care. The Margamkali might have been edited and refashioned into the present fourteen stanza structure during this period. However, until the end of the nineteenth century the art form was not in common practice even though it did exist in some places. But at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, the form became popular once again, and some structural changes took place then. Masters such as Kalarikal Unni ashan, Indumoottil Kocheppu ashan, Indumoottil Kutto ashan were some of them who were responsible for this change and upheaval. By this time the Knanaya scholar Puttanpurikkal Uthuppu Lukose compiled and published Margamkali Pattukal in 1910. In 1924 the European priest and scholar Fr. Hosten S.J. witnessed the Margam Kali danced by the Knanaya of Kottayam and was enamored by the ancient artform. Subsequently, Hosten endeavored to present the dance at the Mission Exhibitions at the Vatican in 1925 by bringing these dancers to Rome, however this venture was met with mass resentment and disapproval from the Northist St. Thomas Christians who viewed the artform as being an "uncouth performance" and stated that if performed it "might ridicule all the St. Thomas Christians".
During the 1960s the St. Thomas Christian scholar of folk culture Dr. Chummar Choondal led a sociological survey of the Margam Kali and noted that the practice was solely of the Knanaya Community. Furthermore, Choondal found that all of the Margam teachers and groups of the time period were entirely Knanaya. The following analysis of the art-form was stated by Dr. Chummar Choondal.
“Knanaya Christians have the most ancient and varied art forms. Margamkali is their
dance form. Generally, it is said that margamkali is said in vogue among the Syrian Christians, but a close and critical observation will show that the practice and propagation of margamkali were among the Knanites. During my research in the 1960s, I could not find this art form practiced in the regions like Trissur and Pala where the Syrians are thickly populated. The traditions of margamkali can thus by analyzed: 70% among Knanaya Catholics and 25% among Knanaya Jacobites.”
In the late 1900s the art form was heavily in decline among the St. Thomas Christian Community but the Knanaya community took upon the initiative to promote and further expand the art form. In the 1970s and 1980s the Knanaya priests Fr. George Karukaparambil and Jacob Vellian as well as scholar of folk culture Dr. Chummar Choondal undertook years of heavy research and study with the help of 33 Knanaya ashans or teachers of Margam Kali to revitalize the ancient art form. Through critical historical, musicological, and ethnochoreological evaluation this team of researchers systematized Margam Kali and promoted it among schools and cultural organizations as an item of competition in youth festivals and eventually presented it to Kerala's Minister of Education who introduced a 14 minute long documentary created by the team. In order to make sure Margam Kali would be an art form set in stone, the team looked for a formal center for the furthering or Margam Kali and allied Christian art forms. Mar Kuriakose Kunnasserry the Bishop of the Knanaya Diocese of Kottayam came to the aide of the team in 1995 and established Hadusa (Syriac for Dancing/Rejoicing), as an All India Institute of Christian Performing Arts which in part has forever aided the existence and prominence of Margam Kali today. Hadusa has released a text titled "Margam kali Aattaprakaaram" which is considered as an authentic reference material for this art form.
Performance
Typically, a dozen dancers sing and dance clapping around a Nilavilakku wearing the traditional "Chattayum Mundum". The lamp represents Christ and the performers his disciples. The performance is usually held in two parts ("padham") and begins with songs and dances narrating the life of Saint Thomas, the apostle. It then takes a striking turn with a martial play of artificial swords and shields. Margamkali does not use any instruments other than two small palm size cymbals played by the same person who sings the song.
It was originally played by men and afterwards by boys, but nowadays women also perform the dance.
Today
Currently both Margamkali and Parichamuttukali are included in the State Youth Festival of Kerala. This makes these art forms a competitive item in the Four-tier system (i.e. School, Sub District, Revenue and State level) Youth festival. Margam Kali is performed mainly by women in cultural shows and by school children in a variety of competitions.
Bibliography
See also
Arts of Kerala
Kerala Folklore Academy
Notes
External links
Dances of Kerala
Arts of Kerala |
4039886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex%20offense | Flex offense | The Flex offense is an offensive strategy in basketball invented in 1967 by Rene Herrerias while coaching at Cal-Berkeley. It was utilized to bring UCLA's star center, Lew Alcindor (later known as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar), away from the basketball. The offense was originally called the "Cha Cha". It is a patterned offense relying on cuts across the key (called a "flex cut") and down screens to create a "pick-the-picker" action. This offense is most effective against a man-to-man defense, though some ambitious coaches have used it against odd front zones. It is the favored offense of many high school programs because it requires players to be in constant motion and the patterns of screens and cuts are easy to remember. Though dismissed by many coaches at the college level for its predictability, some notable programs still rely on it. It has been run by many NCAA teams, including by Gary Williams of the University of Maryland. Williams used the flex offense to lead the Terrapins to the 2002 NCAA National Championship. Also, Gordie James of Willamette University used the flex offense to lead the Bearcats to the 1993 NAIA Division II National Championship. Additionally, Jerry Sloan ran his variation of it for years with the Utah Jazz.
The flex is a type of continuity offense, similar to (and in fact derived from) the earlier shuffle offense.
The basic theory behind the flex offense is that all players are interchangeable—no player has a traditional role. The point guard advances the ball up the court to start the offense, while other players set screens to create openings. Typically, the point guard sets the offense on the same side as a low-post player positioned at the right block. The point guard passes opposite to a high-post at the top of the key while a wing player cuts off a screen by the low post player towards the ball to receive a pass from the high post player. The point guard screens down to the low post player who moves to the top of the key to receive a pass from the high post player. The same cut occurs on the other side of the ball and the offense begins its continuous cycle.
Variations
Gonzaga University runs a modified version of the simplistic flex offense. The University of Maryland ran a modified version of the flex offense under previous head coach Gary Williams. Maryland's prior offense attempted to run a version of the flex offense that allowed for closer shots at the basket, and was less focused on obtaining open perimeter jump shots. Boston College under Coach Al Skinner also ran the flex; the BC version was very compact, creating an extremely physical game and limiting a team's ability to help because of how collapsed the floor is.
Variations of the flex include the 5 man flex, utilizing all 5 players in the cutting and screening action and the 4 man flex, which utilizes 4 players. Since this offense is classified as a continuity offense, in which players repeat specific actions, some teams will build in options within the offense to keep defenses from anticipating a particular cut or screen.
References
http://analyzetheoffense.blogspot.ca/2012/01/mavericks.html
http://espn.go.com/blog/truehoop/post/_/id/18622/what-the-chicago-bulls-can-learn-from-the-utah-jazz
Basketball terminology
Basketball strategy |
5375563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coomera%20River | Coomera River | The Coomera River is a perennial river located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. Its catchment lies within the Gold Coast and Scenic Rim Region local government areas and covers an area of .
Course and features
Rising in Lamington National Park below the Lamington plateau in the locality of Binna Burra and a few kilometres north of the New South Wales/Queensland border, the Coomera River descends over the spectacular Coomera Falls in the Coomera Gorge. The river flows generally north through large rural properties in the upper reaches, joined by ten minor tributaries before flowing through high density residential and riverside development, particularly in the lower estuary where it flows into the Broadwater near Coomera Island and . Prior to reaching the Broadwater the river diverts into two streams to form the North Branch of the river that flows to the west and north of Coomera Island and heads towards Jumpinpin Channel to join the Pimpama River. The main course of the river flows south of Coomera Island which heads towards the Gold Coast Seaway including flowing around the and . Further upstream, the river flows around Foxwell Island. This river is one of a number which flow north from the Tweed Valley shield volcano. Downstream the river flows between Coomera and Oxenford. The Coomera River then enters the northern tip of the Gold Coast Broadwater at Paradise Point. The river descends over its course.
Amphibious snake species have been recently sighted in the river catchment by geographers.
The Coomera river catchment covers an area of . The river's length is approximately 80 km. Freshwater parts reach mostly to a maximum of but some parts at waterholes and below waterfalls can exceed .
The lower estuary area is a fast-growing residential area. Sanctuary Cove and Santa Barbara are all becoming home to increasing numbers of people. A former sand mine near the Pacific Motorway is being investigated for development of a rowing course.
The upper tidal areas are popular for waterskiing and wakebording. The upper Coomera River is home 18 regionally significant species including the platypus.
The river is crossed by the Pacific Motorway and the Gold Coast railway line between and . Further multiple road crossings of the river occur upstream.
History
In May 1827 Patrick Logan was the first non-Indigenous person to discover the river. The waterway was originally named the River Arrowsmith after a London cartographic firm by Robert Dixon, a government surveyor. However Thomas Mitchell, the Colonial Surveyor General, overruled this and other names, replacing them with Aboriginal names.
The name Coomera comes from a Bundjalung language (Ngaraangbal dialect) word kumera referring to a wattle tree, whose bark was used to stupify fish.
See also
List of rivers of Queensland
References
External links
Rivers of Queensland
South East Queensland
Scenic Rim Region
Geography of Gold Coast, Queensland
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia |
4039908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Bromley | Little Bromley | Little Bromley is a village and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England. The name "Bromley" is Old English for "broomy wood/clearing". The village lies east northeast of Colchester and south of Manningtree. It is surrounded by the parishes of Lawford, Ardleigh, Great Bromley, Little Bentley, and Mistley. Its area is about . The population was reported to be 426 in the 1841 census, 361 in the 1911 census, 289 in the 2001 census, and 253 in the 2011 census. The main economic activity is arable farming. The village shop, mentioned in Kelly's Directory of Essex (1914), ceased operating in the 1990s.
The Anglican Church of St Mary the Virgin, is no longer used for regular worship and is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. A Methodist chapel, built in 1863, closed in the late 1980s.
Nearby places
References
External links
Entry in "History, Gazetteer, and Directory of the County of Essex" by William White, 1848
Entry in Kelly's Directory of Essex, 1914
Village website
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Tendring |
4039922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devoted%20to%20You%20%28song%29 | Devoted to You (song) | "Devoted to You" is a song written by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant.
The best-known recording was by The Everly Brothers, released by Cadence Records as catalog number 1350. This version was issued as the flip side of "Bird Dog," but reached the charts on its own, at No. 10 on the United States pop charts, No. 25 in Australia, and No. 1 in Canada. In addition, the song reached No. 7 on the United States country music chart and No. 2 on the rhythm and blues chart.
Charts
Carly Simon and James Taylor version
The song was also recorded by American singer-songwriters Carly Simon and James Taylor, appearing on Simon's 1978 album, Boys in the Trees. Following the smash success of the album's first single "You Belong to Me", Devoted to You was released as the second single, and it also became a Top 40 hit. Charting on both the Billboard Pop singles chart and Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, as well as the Hot Country Songs chart. The song also charted in Canada, peaking at No. 50.
Personnel
Carly Simon - lead vocals
James Taylor - lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Richard Tee - Fender Rhodes electric piano
Hugh McCracken - electric guitar solo
Will Lee - bass
Steve Gadd - drums
Track listing
7" single
"Devoted to You" – 2:29
"Boys in the Trees" – 3:13
Charts
Cover versions
The Beach Boys' rendition was a part of their 1965 album Beach Boys' Party!, sung by Mike Love and Brian Wilson. This version was later included as the B-side to the Mike Love and Brian Wilson single, "Gettin' Hungry". A recording without the Party! sound effects can be found on their Hawthorne, CA compilation.
Brian Hyland covered the song for his 1964 album Here's to Our Love. Sandy Posey recorded a compelling cover on her Sweet Dreams album, in which she emulated the Everly Brothers' harmony using multi-track recording. The song was also covered by The Seekers on their 1993 live album 25 Year Reunion Celebration, and by Linda Ronstadt and Valerie Carter on Ronstadt's 1996 album Dedicated to the One I Love.
References
1958 songs
Songs written by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant
The Everly Brothers songs
The Beach Boys songs
Carly Simon songs
James Taylor songs |
5375577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Ma | Steven Ma | Steven Ma Chun-wai (born 26 October 1971) is a Hong Kong actor and singer. In 1993, Ma won a record deal after winning first place at an annual singing contest in Hong Kong, later releasing his debut album, Lucky for Meeting You (幸運就是遇到你), that December. Not long after his singing debut, Ma joined TVB and began filming television dramas, later achieving fame through his supporting role in 1995's legal drama File of Justice IV. Many of Ma's television works are critically acclaimed and are popular successes in Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Southeast Asia, he has starred in several popular TV series, most notably Healing Hands (1998), Return of the Cuckoo (2000), Where the Legend Begins (2002), Steps (2007), A Watchdog's Tale (2009–10), Ghost Writer (2010), The Life and Times of a Sentinel (2011), Storm in a Cocoon (2014) and Deep in the Realm of Conscience (2018). Ma currently holds the record for holding the most "Favourite Character" awards with a total of four recognitions. Ma's best known for his portrayals of historical characters in many period television dramas.
Early life
Ma was born in a family of "grassroots" background. He was raised in the Pak Tin Estate in Sham Shui Po and lived with his father, a bus driver, his mother, three older sisters, and one younger sister. He attended the Pak Tin Catholic Primary School and later the CMA Secondary School.
Music career
In 1993, Ma won first place at an annual singing contest in Hong Kong, also winning a record deal. He released his debut album, Lucky for Meet You (幸運就是遇到你), that December. To promote the album, his record label created the slogan "He's not Leon Lai, he's not Jacky Cheung" to describe Ma's singing talent, which caused their fans to criticise and badmouth Ma. However, when Ma's contract terminated, Warners did not want to renew their contract.
In 2013, Ma fought in the music scene and participated in the new song 《給媽媽的「倦」》 in the name [二牛」.
TV career
1993-2003
In 1993, Ma signed a per series contract with TVB and portrayed minor roles in various television dramas. In 1994, Ma was cast as the supporting character Dr. Stephen Chan Cheuk-yiu in the fourth instalment of the popular legal drama File of Justice series. The drama was a popular success, and Ma gained his first footstep into TVB series. His portrayal of the intelligent Hong-hei Emperor in the 1998 remake of the popular wuxia novel The Duke of Mount Deer garnered even more interest from critics and producers alike, and Ma began earning leading roles.
In 1998, Ma filmed the ever-popular TV series, "Healing Hands", but unlike his carefree and sunny disposition Dr. Joe character in the said series, from 1998 until his mother's death, Ma was actually deeply depressed over the rapidly declining health of his mother, a cancer patient of 22 years. His mother's death in July 1999 totally devastated him. For months he isolated himself in his bedroom to deal with the pain of losing his beloved mother. Ma eventually put aside his pain to get on with his life. In 2002 he set up a publishing company, and in the same year he published the first of his book series of: Steven Ma's True Tales of Society with Why Suicide? (2002) followed up Steven Ma's Tales of Society: I Am the Patient's Family (2003).
Ma's portrayal of the historical figure Cho Chik in the drama Where the Legend Begins (2002) was both a popular and critical success. Following Where was the popular but critically mixed Perish in the Name of Love (2003), a 30-part television drama remake of the famous Cantonese opera Di Nü Hua. Gradually, Ma began filming more dramas with historical or period backgrounds, in which Ma subsequently became known for.
2005-2006
Ma made acting in the series Virtues of Harmony II, the modern spin-off of the sitcom, Virtues of Harmony, he collaborated with the winner of the 2004 Miss Chinese International Pageant, Linda Chung.
Ma is also the first actor to win the My Favourite Male Character award at the 2006 TVB Anniversary Awards through his performance in the 2006 low-budget period drama Safe Guards (2006).
2007-2011
In 2007, Ma performed in The Brink of Law and A Change of Destiny. In the same year, Ma starred in Steps which he have been nominated in TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor (Top 10), nominated in TVB Anniversary Award for My Favourite Male Character (Top 10) and nominated in Astro Drama Awards for Most Unforgettable Kiss (with Bernice Liu).
In 2008, Ma collaborated with Linda Chung in A Journey Called Life which he praise his co-star Linda Chung, for her beauty, good manner, and ripe acting. The two have worked together in a previous collaboration of Virtues of Harmony II. In 2009 and 2010, Ma again collaborated with Linda Chung with two series, A Watchdog's Tale and Ghost Writer. A Watchdog's Tale released in 2009 actually, but the series got the highest audience rating in the first season in 2010 and top five series in audience rating in the whole year. Meanwhile, Ghost Writer released in 2010 with Ma won Astro Drama Awards for My Top 10 Favourite TV Characters and have been nominated in TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor (Top 5)
In 2010, Ma performed in Links to Temptation with Fala Chen. He and Fala Chen previously work together in Steps, A Journey Called Life and Ghost Writer.
In 2011, Ma filmed in 7 Days in Life where he played Calvin Yik Cho-on (易早安), a professional thief who, along with his girlfriend Christy (played by Sonija Kwok), robs the irresponsible rich and donates a portion of their stolen fortune to charity. Ma considers Calvin to be one of his first breakthrough roles in his acting career. He also expressed many times in interviews that he wants to try out a villain role, explains that Calvin is "a jerk. He's horny, greedy, and even abducts children, but he's actually a very complex character. He has a painful secret that haunts him." Ma further said, "I can now finally challenge a character who is somewhat villainous." Leung (Executive producer(s)) remarked that Calvin is "so evil that he oozes juice" (a Cantonese phrase meaning "pure evil") but Ma argues that Calvin does have a softer side to him and that he's not completely heartless. The role requires Ma to consistently speak Thai, and he carries a dictionary to the film set every day. Later, Ma performed in The Life and Times of a Sentinel. He played Nip Dor-po (聶多寶). Ma says that Dor-po is the most complicated character he has come across. "I have to officially protect the three (Hao-chong, Hong-hei, and Fuk-tsuen), but at the same time, the three are using me to deal with each other [...] but Hao-chong wants me to die, [Fuk-tsuen] wants me to die, and how can I find ways to save myself and Hong-hei?"
2012-2014: Left TVB, work with TVB independently
Ma collaborated with Linda Chung in TVB drama comedy series Daddy Good Deeds who he played Lam Fa's (林發) character, friend and boyfriend to Ko Yu-chu (高如珠) (character played by Linda Chung). Ma praised Linda Chung that her professional attitude and acting, Ma also mentioned that she was still maintaining the purity of heart and having progress in her acting continually. He and Linda Chung collaborated five times in TVB, was a terrific couple on screen. Later, Ma left TVB because he do not want to renew his contract and joined Hutchison Telecom in January 2012, which ended his 19 years tenure at TVB. Later in August the same year, he announced that he would return to TVB in April 2013 as a head contract. However he has continued to work with TVB independently, starring in their 2014 TVB series, Storm in a Cocoon with Tavia Yeung, Natalie Tong and Evergreen Mak. Ma also filming a new show named Property Protector.
2018-present: Comeback
Ma made a comeback in the TVB series Deep in the Realm of Conscience collaborated with Nancy Wu which he played role as Li Longji. In June 2018, Ma perform a stage play that represents Xu Zhimo. In July 2018, he will move to Singapore to hold two stage performances.
In September 2018, he went to Beijing to start a two-year EMBA study career, and in January 2019 he will play another stage play. And in April 2019, he will also shoot his first movie.
Personal life
After his mother died in 1999, he suffered from depression and panic disorder. He got out of clinical depression in 2007, but the panic disorder remains, and he is depending on medication for it.
Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
1993: Lucky for Meeting You (幸運就是遇到你)
1994: Heading Towards You Now (這刻向你衝)
1995: Deep Passion – New Songs + Special Selection (濃情—新曲+精選)
1996: I Was Also Drunk Before (我也曾醉過) – Mandarin Chinese record
1997: Honey (蜜糖)
1998: DAYNIGHT
1999: Lifestyle
2000: Lifestyle II
2001: Give Me 3'07" (給我3'07")
2001: My Most Missed – New Songs + Special Selection (我最關心—新歌+精選)
2002: Warner Best MV of 25 Years Karaoke VCD – Various Artist I (華納精采視聽25載卡拉OK VCD叱吒傳奇 – 叱吒群星I)
05. "Long Nights, Many Dreams" (夜長夢多)
2002: Warner Best MV of 25 Years Karaoke VCD – Various Artist II (華納精采視聽25載卡拉OK VCD叱吒傳奇 – 叱吒群星II)
11. "Don't Be Sad" (不再悲觀)
2002: Warner Best MV of 25 Years Karaoke VCD – Various Artist III (華納精采視聽25載卡拉OK VCD叱吒傳奇 – 叱吒群星III)
"Lucky for Meeting You" (幸運就是遇到你)
2002: Greatest Hits Steven – New Songs + Special Selection
2002: Don't Shut In & Self-Abuse (切勿自閉、糟蹋自己)
2003: New Princess Cheung-ping (新帝女花)
2003: My Theme Song (我的主題曲)
2006: EEG TVB Kids Song Selection (EEG TVB 兒歌大放送)
11. "After School ICU" (After School ICU Theme)
2008: Love TV (Love TV 情歌精選)
04. "Little Story" (A Journey Called Life Theme)
2009: Love TV 2 (Love TV 情歌精選 2)
14. "How to Say Love" (Sweetness in the Salt Theme)
Collaborate
Steven Ma had collaborated with actress where there is a terrific couple on screen.
Other works
Television songs
Awards & Nominations
2018
2018: (TVB Anniversary Gala) My Favourite TVB Drama Character (Singapore) Nomination (Deep in the Realm of Conscience)
2018: (TVB Anniversary Gala) My Favourite TVB Drama Character (Malaysia) Nomination(Deep in the Realm of Conscience)
Publications
September 2002: Steven Ma's Veritable Records of Society I: Why Commit Suicide? (馬浚偉社會實錄I-點解要自殺?)
May 2003: Steven Ma's Veritable Records of Society II: I Am the Patient's Family (馬浚偉社會實錄II-我是病人家屬)
May 2004: Steven ma's Veritable Records of Society III: To Good Direction, To Bad Direction (馬浚偉社會實錄III-向好走 向壞走)
July 2003: The Women In Ma Jai's Eyes (馬仔眼中的女人)
July 2008: Correct Designs (圖文並謬)
July 2011: Steven Ma comfortable Eating Attitudes (馬浚偉自在飲食態度)
References
External links
Official yahoo blog of Steven Ma
Official weibo of Steven Ma
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | TVB Anniversary Awards
|-
1971 births
Living people
Hong Kong male film actors
Hong Kong male singers
Hong Kong singer-songwriters
Hong Kong male television actors
TVB veteran actors
20th-century Hong Kong male actors
21st-century Hong Kong male actors |
5375584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Asian%20Women%27s%20Club%20Volleyball%20Championship | 2006 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship | The 2006 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship is an international volleyball tournament held at the Rizal Memorial Coliseum from May 24-May 31, 2006. Seven countries participated in the week-long event.
Results
|}
|}
Final standing
References
Asian Volleyball Confederation
2006 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship
V
Asian Women's Volleyball Club Championships
V |
5375588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simul | Simul | SIMUL - i.e. Système Intégré de Modélisation mULti-dimensionelle - is an econometric tool for the multidimensional (multi-sectoral and multi-regional) modelling. It allows to implement easily multidimensional econometric models according to their reduced form - where X and Y are two economic variables, r and b (resp.) denote the region and the branch (resp.) and where is the residual.
It has been initially developed in the middle of the 90's inside the GAMA Team of the Professor Raymond Courbis at the University of Paris 10 during the project of multi-regional and multi-sectoral national models of REGILINK (R.Courbis, 1975, 1979, 1981).
SIMUL 3.2
Since 2003, SIMUL release 3.2 has been developed independently from the REGILINK models. It can always run them but not only.
The conception of SIMUL 3.2 was inspired by a software used during a long time in GAMA Team, the SIMSYS software, developed by M.C.McCracken and C.A.Sonnen. SIMUL 3.2 is a tool for preparing, estimating and running dynamic, multi-sectoral and multi-regional models. It has been developed in Turbo-Pascal and needs it during the working sessions. The user implement the econometric models into a "natural language" the
SIMUL 3.2 translates, compiles and runs it according to a Code generation process.
SIMUL 3.2 has been applied to French labor market analysis.
SIMUL 3.2 is freely downloadable at the Econpapers website
Footnotes
References
Almon C., (1991), "The INFORUM approach to interindustry modeling", Economic Systems Research, 3(1), pp. 1–7.
Brillet J.L., (1994), Modélisation économétrique - Principes et techniques, Paris, Economica, Coll.Économie et statistiques avancées, 196 p. + le logiciel Soritec Sampler.
Buda R., (2010), Modélisation multi-dimensionnelle et analyse multi-régionale de l'économie française, Thèse pour le Doctorat de Sciences économiques soutenue le 23 novembre, Université de Paris-Ouest Nanterre-La Défense, 654 p.
Buda R., (2013), "SIMUL 3.2: An Econometric Tool for Multidimensional Modelling", Computational Economics, 41(4), pp. 517–524.
Buda R., (2015), "Data Checking and Econometric Software Development: A Technique of Traceability by Fictive Data Encoding", Computational Economics, 46(2), pp. 325–357.
Courbis R., (1975), "Le modèle REGINA, modèle de développement national, régional et urbain de l'économie française", Économie Appliquée, 28(2-3).
Courbis R., (1979), "Le Modèle REGINA, modèle de développement national, régional et urbain de l’économie française" in R.Courbis (Ed.), Modèles régionaux et modèles régionaux-nationaux, Paris, Cujas, Travaux du Gama, pp. 87–102.
Courbis R., (1981), "La construction de modèles multinationaux : problèmes méthodologiques", in R.Courbis (Ed.), Commerce international et modèles multinationaux – Actes du IIIè colloque international d'Econométrie appliquée, Coll.Travaux du GAMA, 3, Paris, Cujas, pp. 243–247.
Courbis R. & Sok H., (1983), "Le modèle ANAIS, un modèle intersectoriel détaillé de l'économie française", Prévision et Analyse économique (Cahiers du GAMA), 4(2), juin, pp. 73–101.
McCracken M.C. & Sonnen C.A., (1972), A system for large econometric models: management, estimation, and simulation, in Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Annual Conference, August 1972, Association for Computing Machinery.
Peterson W., (1987), "Computer Software for a Large Econometric Model", in T.Barker & W.Peterson (Eds.), The Cambridge Multisectoral Dynamic Model of the British Economy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 105–121.
Econometrics software
Windows-only software |
4039957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Kane | Steven Kane | Steven Kane (born 5 June 1980) is a British racing driver who currently competes in the Blancpain Endurance Series and Avon Tyres British GT Championship for M-Sport Bentley driving a Bentley Continental GT3.
Career
Kane, who was born in Newtownards, County Down and grow up in Ballynahinch, was voted McLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver of the Year in 2001 (earning a test with the McLaren Formula One team), after winning the Junior Formula Ford Zetec championship by taking 8 wins and 4 runners-up spots in 12 races. From 2003 to 2005 he competed in Formula Three; finishing as runner-up in the Scholarship class (for year-old cars) of the 2003 British Formula 3 Championship, finishing 3rd overall in Spain in 2004, and in 2005 he was 9th in the main British F3 championship. That year he took 3 poles and a win, despite the deal only coming together a day before the season began. At the end of 2005 he became the first driver ever to race a Lola at the Macau Formula Three race. He then raced in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series, with a best result of 2nd.
For 2007 he moved into the Porsche Carrera Cup GB, finishing 3rd overall and fighting for the title until the final round, with a series-high seven wins, including pole position at Thruxton.
In 2008 he competed in the BTCC, driving a BMW for the Motorbase Performance team. He started the year strongly, finishing 8th on his debut and later taking a 6th place at Rockingham Motor Speedway after a tough weekend. At Croft he ran 4th for a while, but dropped out with an electrical problem on the final lap. His first podium finish came at the next meeting at Snetterton. At the next meeting at Oulton Park, he qualified 15th before advancing to 9th in race 1, and from 9th on the grid to 4th in race 2, before being eliminated from race 3 after a first-lap hit from Tom Chilton.
He did not return to the BTCC for 2009. He is the series test driver for the new FIA Formula Two Championship, and co-commentator alongside Martin Haven on Eurosport2's coverage of the championship.
On 26 September 2009 he was a guest driver in the Kumho BMW Championship at Oulton Park. He qualified first in both qualifying sessions, and won both races. He was later punished with two points on his racing license after he was deemed by the stewards to have taken out another competitor on purpose.
Kane returned to the BTCC with the Airwaves BMW team for the 2010 season, partnering Mat Jackson. Kane won his first BTCC race at Thruxton on 4 April 2010 when he completed a one-two for Airwaves BMW in race three. He finished sixth overall at the end of the 2010 season with 169 points.
On 15 June 2011, it was announced that Kane would pilot a Lola-Mazda prototype for Dyson Racing in the American Le Mans Series, partnering with Humaid al-Masaood. He and al-Masaood finished 3rd overall (and 3rd in the LMP1 class) in each of their first two ALMS events at Lime Rock Park and Mosport. Kane and al-Masaood claimed their first overall victory at the inaugural Baltimore Grand Prix.
For 2012, Kane will race with Humaid al-Masaood in the Oryx Racing's Audi R8 GRAND-AM program in the Rolex Sports Car Series. In addition to this, Kane will also compete at the 12 Hours of Sebring with the Dyson Racing team.
Kane switched from racing in North America to Europe in 2013, joining JRM Racing to campaign a Nissan GT-R in the Blancpain Endurance Series alongside Peter Dumbreck and Lucas Luhr. Kane and Dumbreck finished eighth in the series' Pro Cup standings.
Kane has joined M-Sport for 2014, driving a Bentley Continental GT3 alongside Humaid Al Masaood in the British GT Championship, and with Guy Smith and Andy Meyrick in the Blancpain Endurance Series, after scoring a 4th place with the team at the 2013 Abu Dhabi Gulf 12 Hours.
2014 started brightly for Kane as he and his team mates Guy Smith and Andy Meyrick took a fourth place at Monza in April, followed by a home win at Silverstone in late May. A further victory came at the end of June at Paul Ricard which ultimately ensured a runners-up position in the final Blancpain Endurance Series standings.
For 2015 Kane stays with Bentley. His season started well with fourth-place finishes at both the Bathurst 12 Hours in February and the opening Monza Blancpain race in April.
Racing record
Career summary
Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
Complete Porsche Supercup results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
† Guest driver – Not eligible for points.
Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position – 1 point awarded in first race) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap – 1 point awarded all races) (* signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap – 1 point given all races)
References
External links
Career statistics from Driver Database
Profile at BTCCPages.com
1980 births
Living people
Racing drivers from Northern Ireland
Formula Ford drivers
British Touring Car Championship drivers
British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
British Formula Three Championship drivers
Euroformula Open Championship drivers
World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers
British GT Championship drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
Porsche Supercup drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
ADAC GT Masters drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup GB drivers
T-Sport drivers
Epsilon Euskadi drivers
Abt Sportsline drivers
Nürburgring 24 Hours drivers
Racing Engineering drivers
OAK Racing drivers |
4039958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thlaspi%20caerulescens | Thlaspi caerulescens | Thlaspi caerulescens, the Alpine Penny-cress or alpine pennygrass, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is found in Scandinavia and Europe.
Description
Thlaspi caerulescens is a low biennial or perennial plant that has small basal rosettes of stalked elliptic–lanceolate leaves with entire margins. The one or more flowering stems have small stalkless, alternate leaves clasping the stem. The inflorescence is a dense raceme which continues to lengthen after flowering. The individual flowers are regular, with white or pinkish petals and are about wide. Each has four sepals, four petals, six stamens (four long and two short) with violet anthers, and a single carpel. The fruit is many-seeded and narrowly spatulate and has a notched tip. This plant flowers in late spring.
Distribution and habitat
In Europe it is found in Finland and Sweden, in all but the most northerly regions. It is also found in the Alps, the Massif Central, the Pyrenees, eastern Norway, southern Germany, and northern England. It is a plant of dry hillside meadows, forest margins, banks, gardens, lawns, pastures, field margins, yards and bare places.
Phytoremediation
Alpine pennycress has been cited in phytoremediation to have special phytoextractional properties and is known to absorb cadmium with very good results and in certain instances is said to have absorbed zinc as well. Leaves accumulate up to 380 mg/kg Cd.
References
Brassicaceae
Flora of Finland
Flora of Norway
Flora of Sweden
Flora of Europe
Flora of Germany
Alpine flora
Phytoremediation plants |
4039960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devoted%20to%20You | Devoted to You | Devoted to You may refer to:
Devoted to You (film), a 1986 Hong Kong film
"Devoted to You" (song), a 1958 popular song written by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant and popularized by the Everly Brothers
See also
"Hopelessly Devoted to You", a 1977 song recorded by Olivia Newton-John for the movie musical Grease |
4039970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caslon%20Antique | Caslon Antique | Caslon Antique is a decorative American typeface that was designed in 1894 by Berne Nadall. It was originally called "Fifteenth Century", but was renamed "Caslon Antique" by Nadall's foundry, Barnhart Bros. & Spindler, in the mid-1920s.
The design of the typeface is meant to evoke the Colonial era. Early printers would reuse metal type over and over again, and the faces would become chipped and damaged from use. Caslon Antique emulates this look.
Variants
An italic variant of the font is also available.
In addition to versions available under the traditional name, Corel produces its own version of the font under the name "Casablanca Antique."
Notable uses
Caslon Antique is popular today when an "old-fashioned" or "gothic" look is desired.
It was used in the opening credits of the Jacques Rivette film La Belle Noiseuse. It is used by the musical group The Sisters of Mercy and Sepultura on their albums, for the logo of the musical Les Misérables, and for the covers of the books in A Series of Unfortunate Events. It is also frequently used on historical displays. It is used for the Warhammer Fantasy Role-Play role-playing game.
The 1985 reboot of the TV series The Twilight Zone uses it. Most recently, it has been used on promotional material for the smash musical Monty Python's Spamalot on Broadway, the West End, and its tour of the United States. British 1980s band The The also used the font in several of their music videos, usually displaying several lyrics from the song in the opening scenes. It used on the cover of Regina Spektor's album Begin to Hope. Caslon Antique is also the main font used by Smuttynose Brewing Company in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The font is also used in some circumstances of the 2009 children's show Horrible Histories.
See also
Samples of display typefaces
External links
Identifont profile on Caslon Antique
Display typefaces
Old style serif typefaces
Letterpress typefaces
Photocomposition typefaces
Digital typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1894 |
4039972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.Leclerc | E.Leclerc | E.Leclerc (informally simply Leclerc, ) is a French cooperative society and hypermarket chain, headquartered in Ivry-sur-Seine.
E.Leclerc was established on 1 January 1948 by Édouard Leclerc in Brittany. E.Leclerc currently has more than 720 locations in France and 85 stores outside of the country, as of 2019. The chain enables semi-independent stores to operate under the Leclerc brand.
Own brand ranges come under the Marque Repère and Eco+ banners, as well as a MVNO called Réglo Mobile which uses the mobile network of SFR. Some larger hypermarkets have a separate entertainment/multimedia section, under the name of Espace Culturel.
E.Leclerc operates numerous stores and services around France, some near and in cities and towns while most of them are located just outside or in the hypermarkets and shopping centres.
L'auto (Car Garage)
Brico (DIY store)
Le Prou Construction (Residential and commercial construction)
Espace Culturel (Multimedia store/DVD store)
Jardin (Garden Centre)
Location (A Quick Car rental Service)
Manège à Bijoux (Jewelry Kiosk)
Optique (Opticians)
Parapharmacie (Pharmacy, Chemist store)
Sport (Sports shop)
Station-Service (Petrol/Gas Station)
UNE HEURE POUR SOI (Perfume store)
Bornes électriques (Electrical store)
Animalerie (Pet Shop)
Jouets (Game store mainly aimed at kids)
Occasion (Second-hand products)
History of Leclerc
In 1949, Édouard Leclerc opened his first store, in Landerneau, in Brittany, on the same model as the self-service grocery store invented by Félix Potin in 1844. Subsequently, in the 1950s, a new brand called E.Leclerc clothing opens its doors and the sixtieth E.Leclerc center also opens its doors in Issy-les-Moulineaux by Jean-Pierre Le Roch. In 1962, the E.Leclerc Centers Purchasing Group (GALEC) was created. In 1964, the Landerneau store expanded, becoming the first E.Leclerc hypermarket. From 1969, 75 centers withdrew to form the future Intermarché. Over the years, several spaces were founded such as Le Manège à Bijoux in 1986, E.Leclerc Voyages in 1987, L'auto E.Leclerc in 1988 and the Parapharmacy E.Leclerc in 1988 after the end of the pharmacists' monopoly on sales. parapharmacy products. In 1973, Édouard Leclerc invented the concept of wine fairs, which he launched in his supermarkets.
In 1991, E.Leclerc launched a first-price range and created the Tissaia brand, the first E.Leclerc clothing brand. In 1992, he opened his first store in Pamplona in Spain and began to expand in Europe. The first E.Leclerc Cultural Center opened its doors in 1994. Leclerc opened its first store in Warsaw, Poland. E.Leclerc stopped distributing disposable plastic bags in 1996. The Repère brand was launched for the first time in 1997 by the brand. The following year, opening of the first E.Leclerc perfumery “One hour for oneself”. During 1998, E.Leclerc and the Système U group joined forces and created a common purchasing center called “Lucie”. The agreement will last only three years. Only the fuel purchase activity survived and the entity was renamed “Synergie” without publicity.
Leclerc stores
As of 2019, there were 721 E.Leclerc stores in France, along with 690 DRIVE stores. There were 83 stores outside of France. Leclerc stores are also present in Poland, Portugal, Spain, Réunion, Andorra, Slovenia and Wallis and Futuna.
References
External links
Official site
Hypermarkets of France
Retail companies established in 1948
French companies established in 1948
French brands |
4039984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Catharines%20Standard | St. Catharines Standard | The St. Catharines Standard is a daily newspaper of the city of St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. As of May 2020, the publication was owned by Torstar but on May 26, 2020, the company agreed to be acquired by NordStar Capital, a private investment firm. The deal was expected to close prior to year end.
History
The St. Catharines Standard was started in 1891, by W. B. Burgoyne. The Standard, located in St. Catharines, Ontario, is the largest daily newspaper in Niagara. It has published continuously since 1891.
Its focus is local news, and it includes national and international news, sports, entertainment and lifestyle reporting. The newspaper is a consistent winner of Ontario Newspaper Awards, along with other newspaper industry awards.
It was later purchased by Southam Newspapers and then Canwest Global Communications. Osprey Media took over as publisher for a number of years until June 1, 2007, when it was announced Quebecor would acquire the company and its newspapers for $355.5 million. In 2015, Quebecor's English language newspapers were sold to Postmedia.
The Standard was one of several Postmedia newspapers purchased by Torstar in a transaction between the two companies which concluded on November 27, 2017. The paper continued to be published by the Metroland Media Group subsidiary of Torstar.
See also
List of newspapers in Canada
References
External links
Mass media in St. Catharines
Torstar publications
Daily newspapers published in Ontario
Publications established in 1891
1891 establishments in Ontario |
4039989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimmanakali | Chimmanakali | Chimmanakali is an art form of Pulaya of north Kerala, south India. Chimmanam should mean humor or chat. Chimmanakali is associated with Garbhabali known as Kannal Kalampattu. The song sung for this play is known as chothiyum pidiym pattu. Very often speeches braced with humor are held. The incidents are dramatized and presented. Chimmanakali essentially is a satirical form of art performed to point out evils of society.
See also
Pulayan
Arts of Kerala
Kerala Folklore Academy
Dances of India
Culture of Kerala |
4039991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamilari | Kamilari | Kamilari is a village on the island of Crete, Greece, with 379 inhabitants. There is an archaeological site of an ancient Minoan cemetery nearby. The origin of the name 'Kamilari' is Byzantine. It is derived from the word 'kamilaris' meaning 'the one who rides a camel'. Kamilari is built atop three hills:
Ovgora, meaning "good view" is the highest one with an altitude of 110m,
Goulas is the one with the old school and the Hellenistic findings on top and
Alevrota, reachable from the village exit in direction of Sivas.
The village and the surrounding places can also be visited via the virtual tour.
Archaeology
The Minoan tholos tomb is on a low hill 1.9 kilometers southwest of Hagia Triada. East of the tomb were five rooms, probably added during Middle Minoan IIIA, and an area for offerings north of these rooms. Here, 500 vases were found upside down. Another 250 vases were found inside the tholos tomb.
Three clay models were found in the Late Minoan IIIA burials. One is of a group of dancers, another is two people standing in front of four seated people, and the third is of a banquet including the Minoan horns "of consecration" and doves. These artefacts are on display at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum.
Village amenities
There are numerous villas and rooms to rent. There is a supermarket with a traditional butcher's shop. Fairs are held during the feast-days of the village on 27 July and 6 August.
References
External links
Minoan Crete Kamilari page, Ian Swindale
Cultural committee of Kamilari webpage
A Kamilari website for the village and the surrounding places
Kamilari and surrounding areas virtual tour
Minoan sites in Crete
Ancient cemeteries in Greece
Populated places in Heraklion (regional unit) |
4040023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shaykh%20al-Mufid | Al-Shaykh al-Mufid | Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man al-'Ukbari al-Baghdadi, known as al-Shaykh al-Mufid () and Ibn al-Mu'allim (c.9481022 CE), was a prominent Twelver Shia theologian. His father was a teacher (mu'allim), hence the name Ibn al-Mu'allim. The title "al-Mufid" was given to him either by Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Shia Imam, or by al-Rummani, a Sunni scholar, after a conversation with him. The leader of the Shia community, he was a mutakallim, theologian, and Shia jurist.
He was taught by Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Ibn Qulawayh, Abu Abdallah al-Basri and al-Rummani, and Sharif al-Murtaza and Shaykh Tusi were among his students. Only 10 of his 200 works have survived, among which are Amali, Al-Irshad, Al-Muqni'ah, and Tashih al-Itiqadat.
Early life and education
Al-Mufid was born in 'Ukbara, a small town to the north of Baghdad, on 11th Dhul Qa'dah in 336 Hijra. According to Shaykh Tusi, however, he was born in 338AH, and later migrated with his father to Baghdad, where the Shia Buwayhids were ruling. He studied with Ibn Babawayh.
Sharif al-Murtaza and Shaykh Tusi were among his students. His career coincided with that of the Mu'tazili theologian and leader of the Bahshamiyya school, 'Abd al-Jabbar. Al-Mufid was often attacked, and his library and school were destroyed.
He was also called Ibn Muallim, meaning "son of the teacher"; Muallim was his father. Among his teachers were the Shia theologian Abu Ali al-Iskafi, Abu Abdallah al-Marzubani, Abu Abdallah al-Basri, Abu al-Hassan, and Ali ibn Isa al-Rummani.
Commonly known as the leader of the Shia, Al-Mufid is regarded as the most famous scholar of the Buyid period and an eminent jurist, mainly due to his contributions in the field of kalam. According to Ibn al-Nadim, who knew al-Mufid personally, he was the head of the Shia Mutekallimun in the field of kalam, and al-Tawhidi, who was also personally familiar with al-Mufid, described him as "eloquent and skillful at dialectic (jadal)". His skill in polemical debate was such that he was said to be capable of convincing his opponents "that a wooden column was actually gold". He was taught the Islamic science of hadith by Al-Shaykh al-Saduq.
His nickname "al-Mufid"
It is said that al-Mufid earned his name "al-Mufid" as a result of a dispute about the relative merits of two events, the Ghadir Khumm and the Cave. Al-Mufid participated in a lecture given by Isa al-Rummani, where in a response to a question al-Rummani claimed that Ghadir Khum was based merely on riwayah (transmitted tradition), while the story of the Cave was based on diraya (knowledge). After the lecture, al-Mufid visited al-Rummani and asked him about Aisha, Talha, and Zubayr, who had rebelled against Ali, "a legitimate Imam". Al-Rummani responded that they had repented, and al-Mufid claimed that their repenting was merely based on riwaya, whereas the war was based in diraya. Al-Rummani then sent al-Mufid to al-Basri, with a note nicknaming the bearer "al-Mufid" ("the Instructor"). However, according to Ibn Shahr Ashub, in his Ma'alimul Ulamaa, the name was given to him by Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Shia Imam.
As a theologian
Taught by Abdallah al-Basri, the Mutazili theologian and hanafi jurist, al-Mufid adopted many theological opinions. Macdermott believes that al-Mufid's theology is closer to the old Baghdad school of Mutazilism than to Abdul Jabbar's late Basran system. His methodology is closer to that of the Baghdad school, and he seems to have followed the Baghdad school and Mutazilism in his views concerning such questions as God's unity and justice. However, al-Mufid differs from Mutazilism on the problem of Imamate and the position of grave sin in this life. Al-Mufid tried to defend the role of reasonhe described it as Al-Nazarand also disputed for the truth and put away faults with the help of argument and proofs. Also, al-Mufid believed that the task of a theologian was according to reason and argument. His views were adopted by his pupils, 'Abd al-Jabbar and Sharif al-Murtaza.
God's attributes
Al-Mufid defined God's unity in this way: According to al-Mufid, all believers in God's unity, save for "some eccentric anthropomorphists", agree with this. Like Mutazilis, al-Mufid rejected "the simple realism of the Ash'arite theory of attribution". However, al-Mufid and 'Abd al-Jabbar give different explanations of what an attribute is, and whether it is in an object or in the mind.
Prophecy
According to al-Mufid, there is an absolute necessity for prophets, since in order to know God and moral principles man needs revelation, and he noted that "every apostle (rasul) is a prophet but every prophet (nabi) is not an apostle". Although he took care to make a distinction between an apostle and a prophet as the Quran does, he did not believe that there was a difference in their functions, which enabled him to put the Imams on the level of the prophets and the apostles except in terms of their names.
Imamah
Al-Mufid defined the Imamiya as those who believe in the necessity of Imamah, Ismah and personal nass, i.e., personal designation. He tended to the belief that the Imams are superior to all the prophets and apostles, with the exception of Muhammad. According to al-Mufid, Imams can "take the place of the prophets in enforcing judgments, seeing to the execution of the legal penalties, safeguarding the Law, and educating mankind", a definition which makes an Imam not only "the head of the community in administrative, judicial, and military matters", but an "authoritative teacher of mankind". This attitude regarding Shia Imam is the basis of other teaching in Mufid theology such as Imam's immunity from sin and error, the necessity of having an imam in all the times and the way the Imam should be designated.
His criticisms of Al-Shaykh al-Saduq
On a number of occasions al-Mufid was critical of his teacher, Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, and his Tashih al-Itiqadat was a correction of al-Saduq's Risalat al-Itaqadat. Not limiting himself to theological matters, al-Mufid rejected al-Saduq's resort to akhbar al-ahad (single tradition), particularly when a legal statement is to be issued. However, he did not object to al-Saduq's views concerning the extent of the Quran; he only criticized his views on the nature of the Quran. Unlike al-Saduq, al-Mufid accepted "religious and speculative theology". While al-Saduq allowed controversy "only in the form of quoting and explaining the words of God, the Prophet, and the Imams", reporting a tradition from Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia, al-Mufid believed that there were two kinds of disputationnamely, "true" and "vain".
Works
Shaykh al-Mufid is said to have written 200 works, of which only a few more than ten have survived. Some of his works are as follows:
Al-Amali (of Shaykh Mufid), also known as "Al-Majaalis", traditions recorded by al-Mufid's pupils during the sessions where al-Mufid gave the chain of narration ending up with himself
Tashih al-Itiqadat, a correction of al-Saduq's Risalat al-Itiqadat
َAwail Al Maqalat, an elaboration of al-Mufid's theology and "a practical catalogue of Imamite positions on disputed questions"
Kitab al-Irshad or Al-Irshad fi ma'rifat hujaj Allah 'ala al-'ibad, on the lives of the Shia Imams
Al-Fusul al-`Ashara fi al-Ghaybah
Ahkam al-Nisa, on legal obligations regarding women
Fifth Risalah on Ghaybah
Al-Muqni'ah (The Legally Sufficient) The commentary on this book by Shaykh Tusi, Tadhhib al-Ahkam fi Sharh al-Muqni'ah, is among the Shia four books.
Tawqees
Al-Mufid received two Tawqees by Muhammad al-Mahdi during major occultation.
Death
Al-Mufid died on the third day of Ramadan in 413AH. According to the Shia writer Shaykh Tusi, "The day of his death drew the largest crowd ever seen in any funeral, and both friends and foes wept uncontrollably". He remained buried in his own house for two years, after which his body was moved to Al Kadhimiya Mosque and buried next to his teacher, Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummi. His grave is near the feet of two of the Shia Imams, Musa al-Kadhim and his grandson Muhammad al-Jawad.
In popular culture
The ninth day of Azar in Iran's official calendar is the commemoration day of Shaykh al-Mufid.
An image of Mofid has been shown as imaginary in a paint.
See also
Muhammad al-Kulaynī
Allāmah Majlisī
Shaykh al-Hur al-Āmilī
Ja'fari jurisprudence
Holiest sites in Islam
Secondary studies
Paul Sander, Zwischen Charisma und Ratio, Berlin, 1994
Tamima Bayhom-Daou, Shaykh Mufid, Makers of the Muslim World, Oxford, 2005
References
External links
Al-Amali
Kitab al-Irshad
Karbala Historical Resources
The Emendation of a Shi‘ite Creed
Kitab Al-Irshad
948 births
1022 deaths
10th-century Arabs
11th-century Arabs
Iraqi Shia Muslims
Shia scholars of Islam
People from Baghdad |
4040030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.-class%20torpedo%20boat | 2.-class torpedo boat | The 2.-class torpedo boat was a designation in the Scandinavian countries for a type of fast steam torpedo boats between 40 tons and 80 tons, in service from the 1880s to after World War I.
Ships in class
Royal Danish Navy
1882 Torpedobaad Nr. 2
1882 Torpedobaad Nr. 3
1882 Torpedobaad Nr. 4
1882 Torpedobaad Nr. 5
1884 Torpedobaad Nr. 6
1884 Torpedobaad Nr. 7
1886 Torpedobaad Nr. 8
1886 Torpedobaad Nr. 9
1888 Torpedobaad Nr. 10
1888 Torpedobaad Nr. 11
1889 Torpedobaad Nr. 12
1894 Torpedobaad Hajen
1894 Torpedobaad Søulven
Royal Norwegian Navy
HNoMS Lyn (1882)
HNoMS Glimt
HNoMS Blink
HNoMS Pil
HNoMS Snar
HNoMS Orm
HNoMS Oter
HNoMS Varg
HNoMS Raket
HNoMS Djerv
HNoMS Kvik
HNoMS Hvas
HNoMS Kjaek
HNoMS Hauk
HNoMS Falk
HNoMS Orn
HNoMS Ravn
HNoMS Grib
HNoMS Jo
HNoMS Skarv
HNoMS Teist
HNoMS Kjell (1912)
Royal Swedish Navy
HSwMS Hugin (1884)
References
Torpedo boat classes |
4040032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Steffler | John Steffler | John Steffler (born November 13, 1947) is a Canadian poet and novelist. He served as Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate from 2006 to 2008.
Biography
John Steffler was born in Toronto, Ontario, on November 13, 1947, and grew up in a rural area near Thornhill. He obtained a B.A. (Honours) in English from University College, University of Toronto, in 1971, and an M.A. in English (1974) from the University of Guelph, with a thesis titled "The Origin and Development of Los: a Study of the Prophetic Poetry of William Blake". He taught at the Department of English, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College, from 1975 until 2006. He has served as writer-in-residence and part-time faculty at University of New Brunswick, University of Guelph, and Concordia University, and has facilitated workshops with the Banff Centre and Sage Hill writing programs. After leaving Newfoundland in 2006, Steffler lived in Montreal until 2008, and until 2019 divided his time between Montreal and rural Ontario, where he lives with his wife, poet Susan Gillis.
Bibliography
Poetry
An Explanation of Yellow. Ottawa: Borealis Press, 1981.
The Grey Islands. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1985.
The Wreckage of Play. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1988.
That Night We Were Ravenous. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1998.
The Grey Islands. London, ON: Brick Books, 2000.
Helix: new and selected poems. Montreal : Signal Editions, 2002.
The Grey Islands, unabridged audio edition (2007)
Lookout. Plattsburgh, NY: McClelland and Stewart, 2010. (shortlisted for the 2011 Griffin Poetry Prize)
Forty-One Pages: On Poetry, Language and Wilderness. Regina: University of Regina Press, 2019.
And Yet. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2020.
Novels
The Afterlife of George Cartwright. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1993.
German Mills: A Novel Pertaining to the Life and Times of William Berczy. Gaspereau Press, 2015.
Children's books
Flights of Magic. Victoria: Press Porcepic, 1987.
Anthologies
Coastlines: The Poetry of Atlantic Canada, ed. Anne Compton, Laurence Hutchman, Ross Leckie and Robin McGrath (Goose Lane Editions, 2002)
Except where noted, bibliographical information courtesy Canadian Poetry Online.
References
External links
John Steffler on the University of Toronto Library Canadian Poets List
Griffin Poetry Prize biography of John Steffler, including video clip
"At the Foot of a Wall" from That Night We Were Ravenous, online at CBC Words at Large
John Steffler speaks about his appointment as Canada's Parliamentary Poet Laureate, online at CBC Words at Large (audio)
1947 births
Living people
Canadian Parliamentary Poets Laureate
Writers from Toronto
University of Guelph alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian male poets
Canadian male novelists
Canadian children's writers
20th-century Canadian poets
21st-century Canadian poets
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Amazon.ca First Novel Award winners |
4040033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A38%20%28venue%29 | A38 (venue) | A38 is an entertainment and cultural venue on the Danube river in Budapest, Hungary, opened on 30 April 2003. Its structure repurposes a decommissioned stone-carrier ship that operated in Ukraine and is now anchored permanently to the bottom of Petőfi Bridge. The venue variously encompasses a ruin bar, restaurant, exhibition hall, dancefloor, and concert hall.
The A38 is a member of the Trans Europe Halles organization.
Reception
The travel guide publisher Lonely Planet has voted A38 the "Best Bar in the World" in an online poll. Travel writer Craig Turp ranks it number one on his list of the top-10 clubs in Budapest, writing in Top 10 Budapest (2010): "Budapest's top dance venue is located on a ship moored on the Danube. There are three floors to choose from – the upper deck terrace for listening to the latest mellow sounds, the lower deck-level restaurant and the concert and dance hall below. A38 is also popular for classical and rock concerts, held in the hold."
According to the guide website Ruin Bars Budapest, the venue is "one of the best places for non-mainstream music lovers in Budapest with its rich concert programmes ... it outperforms itself by offering cool original and tribute concerts ... it is a community place ... a cultural venue offering a wide range of jazz, punk, world, electronic, contemporary, rock music along with various cultural events (film clubs, gastronomy events etc)".
See also
Upcycling
References
External links
Official Website (English/Hungarian)
Culture in Budapest
Nightclubs in Budapest |
4040036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle%20skiing%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20moguls | Freestyle skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's moguls | The Women's Moguls event in freestyle skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy took place on 11 February.
Results
Qualification
Hannah Kearney, the winner of the event at the 2005 World Championship, failed to qualify for the final, while Canadian Jennifer Heil, the World Cup leader finished over a point ahead of the competition in her qualifying race.
Final
Heil, the top qualifier, started last, and was up against the time of Norwegian Kari Traa, who improved on her qualifying sum by 1.39 points. However, Heil's total of 26.50 was nearly a point better than Traa, which gave her the gold.
References
Women's freestyle skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 in women's sport
Women's events at the 2006 Winter Olympics |
4040047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire%20%28board%20game%29 | Crossfire (board game) | Crossfire is a board game created by the Milton Bradley Company in 1971. The object of the game is to score goals by pushing one of the two pucks into the opposing player's goal. This task is accomplished by shooting small metal ball bearings at the pucks using the attached guns. The earliest version of the game featured a flat board, whereas the 90's release board is dome-shaped. This causes the ball bearings to roll into the players' bins more easily, but can cause the pucks to indefinitely rest at the edges of the board. The 2010's rerelease changed this to being sloped with a shallow grade, preventing the pucks from sliding on their own as much and making it easier to get them away from the borders.
Gameplay
The two pucks are made of plastic and rest on a central metal ball bearing. The bearing can spin and roll within the plastic mold allowing greater puck movement and responsiveness to hits. One of the pucks is shaped like a triangle, and the other is star-shaped. The object of the game is to get either piece into your opponents' goal. the first to three “goals” wins.
Marketing
The early 1990s American commercial campaign for this product may be arguably its better-known aspect, portraying the game featured in a supposed near post-apocalyptic future, with the game used for a battle between two young men as "the ultimate challenge". The hero in the exchange was portrayed by a young Tim Maynard, a Shakespearean actor who transitioned into daytime soap opera acting.
References
External links
Tabletop games
Board games introduced in 1971
Board games of physical skill
Milton Bradley Company games |
4040050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Hart%20%28British%20Columbia%20politician%29 | Jim Hart (British Columbia politician) | James Alexander Hart (born October 30, 1955) is a Canadian politician.
Early years
Hart was born in Edmonton, Alberta, was educated in Calgary and completed his military training at Canadian Forces Fleet School Halifax, CFB Borden and CFB Esquimalt. He served in the Canadian Forces twice, first for 5 years in the navy. After training as an Electrical Technician Hart served on 3 of Her Majesty's Canadian Ship's; (HMCS) Gatineau, Qu'Appelle and Yukon. Hart served an addition 5 years as a Canadian Armed Forces Reserve officer and Commanding Officer of the 902 Kiwanis Air Cadet Squadron. Mr. Hart completed his broadcasting training at the Columbia Academy of Radio and Television Arts in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1981. Hart has also studied at the Canadian Securities Institute, completing the Canadian Securities Course and the Ethics, Conduct and Practices Program. Prior to entering political life, Hart worked in the broadcasting industry as radio host, television host, account executive and radio station manager.
Political career
In 1988, Hart was elected to municipal government and served two terms as a Trustee. In 1989, he joined a new national political movement, the Reform Party of Canada, which became the Canadian Alliance in 2000.
Hart was first elected 1993 to represent the riding of Okanagan—Similkameen—Merritt, British Columbia, in the Canadian parliament. He was re-elected in 1997 in the new riding of Okanagan—Coquihalla.
In 1998, as a member of Canada's official opposition, he was elected by his peers as the Vice Chairman of the House Standing Committee of Defense and Veterans’ Affairs. As well, Hart was appointed as Chief Opposition Critic for a number of senior portfolios including Defense, Veterans’ Affairs, and Justice. He also served as an executive member on the Canada/Japan and NATO Parliamentary Associations. After publicly attacking Reform Party leader Preston Manning and accepting the Parliamentary Pension Plan, Hart briefly quit the Reform caucus before publicly apologizing to be accepted back into the caucus.
In March 1996 Hart accused Jean-Marc Jacob, Member of Parliament for Charlesbourg, of sedition for a 1995 communique sent by him (Jacob) to members of the Armed Forces in Quebec concerning the October 30, 1995 separation referendum in that province. The Speaker ruled the matter prima facie, Mr. Hart moved a motion, which after debate was amended, and the House referred the matter to committee for study. See debates, March 12, 1996, pp. 557–67; March 13, 1996, pp. 648–74; March 14, 1996, pp. 680–703; March 18, 1996, pp 854–9. On June 18, 1996 the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs presented its Twenty-Ninth Report which found that although Mr. Jacobs actions were ill-advised, there was no contempt of the House. See Journals June 18, 1996, pp. 565–6; June 20, 1996, pp. 592–3 (House of Commons Procedure and Practice, Robert Marleau and Camille Montpetit )The communique urged Canadian Armed Forces personnel, along with equipment and military hardware to immediately join the new Quebec Armed Forces the day after a "yes" vote in the referendum. The referendum failed to win a majority.
Inquiry
Hart resigned as a Member of Parliament in order so that newly elected Canadian Alliance leader Stockwell Day could enter the House of Commons through a by-election. After the by-election, Hart received a severance payment of $50,000 from the Canadian Alliance, which prompted a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) inquiry. The Canadian Alliance maintained that the payment was made to cover lost income between the time of his resignation and the date of the next election, and was not an inducement.
The RCMP inquiry concluded that an investigation was not necessary and that neither Hart nor the Canadian Alliance had committed a criminal offence, and no charges were ever laid in the matter.
Later career
Since leaving Parliament, Hart started a Public and Government Relations business, with clients including the British Columbia Naturopathic Association, and continued to speak publicly about proposed changes to health care regulations in British Columbia.
In 2004 Hart moved to the Republic of Georgia and worked as a parliamentary adviser to H.E. Speaker Nino Burjanadze.
In 2005, Hart received an honorary doctorate from Georgian Technical University for his work in parliament and promoting democracy in Georgia.
In May 2008 the Harts returned to Georgia. Jim accepted the position of Dean, School of Governance at Caucasus University.
In the fall of 2008, Jim Hart was offered a position with Management Systems International (MSI) to work in Baghdad, Iraq as Senior Legislative Adviser on a multi-year contract to assist in strengthening the Council of Representatives (COR) Iraq's national parliament. Mr Hart accepted the position and in June 2009 he was promoted to the position of Chief of Party, heading the field operations and programming of the Iraq Legislative Strengthening Program (ILSP) a multimillion-dollar USAID development program.
Jim Hart has been in demand in the field of parliamentary development since 2004, he has managed parliamentary strengthening programs in the Republic of Georgia, Iraq, and Indonesia. In addition, Hart has been active with assignments observing elections in Ukraine, Georgia, and Afghanistan. The impressive list of clients includes international NGO's, USAID, OSCE and the European Union.
From July 2, 2013 to July 1, 2018 he served as a full-time member of the Pacific Regional Division of the Parole Board of Canada.
Publications
Hart, Jim. Straight from Hart''•
References
External links
History of Okanagan-Similkameen-Merritt riding
History of Okanagan Coquihalla riding
Living people
1955 births
Canadian Alliance MPs
20th-century Canadian politicians
Canadian Baptists
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Reform Party of Canada MPs |
4040053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Cellular%20of%20Southern%20Illinois | First Cellular of Southern Illinois | First Cellular of Southern Illinois was a telecommunications company in Illinois, United States.
Services included:
Owned and Operated Wireless phone carrier
At its time, the largest digital network in area served with significant market share.
Extensive nationwide network by partnering with multiple companies across the United States
Sponsorship of local arts and education programs as well as wireless phone donations to area shelters.
The company was purchased by Alltel in an all-cash deal; the acquisition closed on May 1, 2006. Complete turnover of all stores occurred in early October.
External links
Acquisition article
Company website
Acquisition press release
Defunct mobile phone companies of the United States
Communications in Illinois
Defunct companies based in Illinois
Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2006
Alltel |
4040068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathukali | Marathukali | Marathukali is a variant of Poorakkali. Poorakkali is a traditional dance ritual performed by men during the nine-day Pooram festival in Bhagavathy temples across Northern Kerala (formerly known as Kolathunadu), south India. Marathukali is a form of Poorakali performed by two parties competently. The ordinary play lacks the competent mood displayed in Marathukali. Big disputes ensue between two parties while performance is on and learned people dissuade both parties from further confrontation.
See also
Arts of Kerala
Kerala Folklore Academy
Poorakkali
Dances of Kerala |
4040075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Magus | Grand Magus | Grand Magus are a three-piece heavy metal band from Stockholm, Sweden that draws influence from classic heavy metal bands and elements of doom metal.
Career
The band was formed in 1996 under the name Smack by former Cardinal Fang vocalist Janne "JB" Christoffersson, bassist Mats "Fox" Skinner, and Iggy on drums. Iggy departed in early 1998 and Fredrik "Trisse" Liefvendahl replaced him after responding to an advert for the vacant drummer position. A change in musical direction was also accompanied by a change of name to Grand Magus. A demo was recorded which received a positive response. This led to an appearance on the Waterdragon Records compilation, Greatest Hits Vol. 1 (2000) and a split 7-inch LP with fellow countrymen Spiritual Beggars (who JB would later join on vocals 2002–2010) on Southern Lord Records.
Their debut album Grand Magus was released on 5 November 2001, through Rise Above Records (who would release the band's first four albums). This album continues to contribute to the band's cult status with doom and heavy metal fans. Two more albums would follow: Monument (25 November 2003) and Wolf's Return (14 June 2005). These would show a progression to a more traditional heavy metal sound but still retain the sound of their groove and stoner roots. Early 2006 saw Magus embark on a European tour supporting Cathedral, along with Electric Wizard, accentuating the band's ability to perform live.
In 2006 Trisse left the band with Sebastian "Seb" Sippola being recruited on drums. The band released their fourth album, Iron Will, on 9 June 2008, which garnered critical acclaim from the rock and music press by achieving first place in Metal Hammer Germany‘s Soundcheck. This would be the last album to be released by Rise Above Records.
It was announced in December 2009 that Roadrunner Records was to release Grand Magus' fifth album, Hammer of the North, the following summer. Released in 21 June 2010, Hammer of the North became a breakout for the band, triumphing in the Soundchecks of both German Hard Rock and Metal Hammer magazines. The album peaked at number 42 on the German album chart leading to a support slot on the joint tour of major acts Mötorhead and Doro. The eponymous track was regularly positioned as a conclusion to their live sets, due to its ability to elicit crowd participation. The album also yielded two other staple live songs in "Ravens Guide Our Way" and primary set opener "I, the Jury".
April 2012 saw the amicable departure of Seb from the band in order for him to concentrate more on family life. This in turn led to long-time friend Ludwig "Ludde" Witt of Spiritual Beggars being recruited as drummer. Their sixth album, The Hunt, was released via Nuclear Blast on 25 May 2012.
The band's seventh album came in the form of Triumph and Power, released 31 January 2014, which maintained the momentum of its predecessor. The cover artwork was created by artist Anthony Roberts.
Grand Magus' eighth album, Sword Songs was released on 13 May 2016. The songs were recorded during the midwinter months of 2015–16, produced by Nico Elgstrand. On the lead-up to the release, JB commented: "We put all of our sweat, blood and tears into this new album and I think that you can hear that. For me, Sword Songs is the best Grand Magus album ever! The new songs are faster and more aggressive than on Triumph and Power — and we have also included some more extreme and harder stuff. I’m convinced that there are some future classics on the disc!" A cover version of Deep Purple's "Stormbringer" was included as a bonus track on the limited edition CD version, the first cover released in the band's history.
Their ninth album, Wolf God, was released on 19 April 2019. The band had scheduled a European tour for March/April 2022, but due to COVID, they called off the tour and will instead spend the year recording a new album, to be released in 2023 and supported by a different tour that year.
Members
Current line-up
Janne "JB" Christoffersson - guitars, lead vocals (1996–present)
Mats "Fox" Skinner - bass, backing vocals (1996–present)
Ludwig "Ludde" Witt - drums (2012–present)
Past members
Fredrik "Trisse" Liefendahl - drums (1998-2006)
Sebastian "Seb" Sippola - drums (2006-2012)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Music videos
References
External links
Official website
Swedish heavy metal musical groups
Swedish doom metal musical groups
Swedish musical trios
Swedish stoner rock musical groups
Musical groups established in 1996
Nuclear Blast artists |
4040082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall%20Timbers%20Research%20Station%20and%20Land%20Conservancy | Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy | Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy is a research and learning facility located in northern Leon County, Florida, just off County Road 12 on the north side of Lake Iamonia. Tall Timbers researches the areas of fire ecology, resource management, forestry, game bird management, and vertebrate ecology.
Origins
Edward Beadel was a wealthy Architect from New York City who went south each winter. He was also an avid hunter who lodged at the Piney Woods Hotel in Thomasville, Georgia. The hotel was constructed circa 1885 but burned to the ground in 1906. "Beadel would often cross the Florida border to hunt on the property of Charlie Davis. Beadel was so impressed with Leon County that in 1895 he purchased 2,200-acres (890 ha) of land along the north shore of Lake Iamonia for $8000. At that time he also designed and built a $3000 vernacular colonial revival home where a plantation house had once stood. He renamed the property Tall Timbers Plantation. The home had its own water tower, boat house, and other outbuildings.
Edward Beadel died in 1919 and the property passed to his nephew, Henry Ludlow Beadel. Henry was a philanthropist and naturalist who had been hunting in Leon County since 1894. An additional 600-acres was added to the plantation.
Two years later, a single story, five-bay wing was constructed east of the main house, connected by an 86-foot porch. Additional bedroom space was created by adding 3 dormers to the front of the main house. Henry lived in the east wing from 1921 until his death in 1963 and the interior remains unchanged.
Field hunting was accomplished via horse-drawn carriage. For duck hunting, Henry used a handmade tin boat of between 8 and 9 feet in length. Tall Timbers also had a number of canoes. By this time, the house had a huge stone fireplace and rustic furniture fit for a lodge. The exterior had a sweeping porch facing the lake.
Beadel was one of several plantation owners who sponsored a 1924 scientific inquiry into local quail population declines. This was the first study that grew into the research station.
Henry Beadel's will left the plantation for use as a nature preserve for wildlife research. The Tall Timbers Inc was established in 1958 and incorporated May 24, 1960. The interior of the main house was modified for use as offices of the Reseach Station.
In 2014 the Conservancy announced the donation of the 9,100-acre Dixie Plantation from the Geraldine C. M. Livingston Foundation.
As of 2018, the organization held in excess of 125,000 acres of conservation easements in Georgia and Florida, the area's biggest private land trust. That total rose to 158,000 acres in 2020.
Fire Ecology Program
The Fire Ecology Program is designed to provide the public with applicable, science-based information on prescribed fire and vegetation dynamics in the southern pine ecosystem, specifically in the Red Hills Region.
National training
The National Advanced Fire & Resource Institute created the National Interagency Prescribed Fire Training Center (PFTC) in 1998 and Tall
Timbers was involved with the program from its beginning.
According to their website, the purpose of the PFTC is to "Provide maximum opportunities for federal, state, local, and tribal government agencies and other organizations to build skills and knowledge of prescribed fire, with an emphasis on field experience". The courses have drawn attendees from 18 countries and every state except Rhode Island. Hands-on training for fire professionals lasts 20 days, and administrative workshops are completed in 6 days.
The PFTC National offices and equipment relocated to the Tall Timbers Research Station in the Spring of 2021.
Resource Management Program
The Resource Management Program's responsibility is to manage the land so that the upland forests are maintained in an open, park-like condition using prescribed fire, mechanical tools, and chemical techniques to accomplish land management goals.
The Forestry Program is designed to meet the ecological forestry research needs of the Red Hills Region between Tallahassee, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia.
Game Bird Program
The Game Bird Program is studying the northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and its habitats.
Bird Dog Competition
The Continental Field Trial is a regional competition of pointing dogs that had been traditionally held at the Dixie Plantation since 1937. The availability of quail in the wild provides a true test for 146 "derby" and "open" dogs and their owners who travel from across the United States.
Vertebrate Ecology Lab
The Vertebrate Ecology Lab is studying Bachman's sparrows, brown-headed nuthatches, and red-cockaded woodpeckers.
References
External links
Tall Timbers Research Center and Land Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy
Quail Unlimited
Leon County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Protected areas of Leon County, Florida
Environmental science
Environmental organizations based in Florida
Forestry in the United States
Forest research institutes
Plantations in Leon County, Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Leon County, Florida
Organizations established in 1958
Forest conservation organizations⋅ |
4040084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudiyett | Mudiyett | Mudiyettu is a traditional ritual theatre and folk dance drama from Kerala that enacts the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess Kali and the demon Darika. The ritual is a part of the bhagavathi or bhadrakali cult. The dance is performed in bhadrakali temples, the temples of the Mother Goddess, between February and May after the harvesting season.
In 2010 Mudiyettu was inscribed in the UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, becoming the second art form from Kerala after Koodiyattam.
The Kali - Darika myth
Darika was a demon who received a boon from Brahma which granted that he would never be defeated by any man living in any of the fourteen worlds of Hindu mythology. This made Darika immensely powerful and arrogant. Armed with this boon, Darika went on to conquer the world defeating even Indra, the king of the gods. As his atrocities became intolerable, the sage Narada requested Shiva to contain Darika. Shiva agreed, circumventing Brahma's boon by declaring that Darika would be killed by the goddess Kali, she being a woman and one not to be counted among men from fourteen worlds.
Features of Mudiyett
Mudiyett is a village ritual performed by members of the Marar and Kuruppu communities in Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kottayam and Idukki districts of Kerala. However, the entire community contributes to and participates in it. Mudiyettu is performed annually in ‘Bhagavati Kavus’, the temples of the goddess, in different villages along the rivers Chalakkudy Puzha, Periyar and Moovattupuzha
There is no rehearsal or preparation involved in playing Kali. The performance is a natural progression from Lord Shiva, Narada, demons Danavan and Darikan to Kali. A complete Mudiyettu performance requires a total of 16 persons— including percussionists, Kalamezhuthu artists, vocalists. There are also evident regional differences in the attire and performance styles of Mudiyettu. Thus, in the Koratty style, Kali exhibits a bare torso, covered only by a breast-shaped plank while in the Kunnayckal,Keezhillam and the Pazhoor styles, she wears a full upper body dress. Similarly, in the Koratty style, Darika's mudi resembles the Kathakali crown and his face paint the Kathi Veshas of Kathakali. This points to how the two forms have become interlinked even though Mudiyettu predates Kathakali, with epigraphists tracing its evolution as an art to even the 9th or 10th century AD.
The role of the community
Mudiyettu is a communal undertaking in which each caste of the village plays a specific role. The bamboo artefacts and leather hides for drums are provided by the Parayan caste while the Thandan caste brings the areca nut fronds that are required for the masks and headgears. The Ganakan community paints the masks while the Kuruvan community keeps the country torches burning. It is the Veluthedan (Patiyan) caste that washes the clothes used for making the deity’'s dress while the Maran caste readies the torches and keeps them supplied with oil.
Thus each caste in the village contributes to the festival according to its traditional caste role. Mutual cooperation and collective participation of each caste in the ritual instills and strengthens common identity and mutual bonding in the community.
Transmitting and conserving Mudiyett
Being a community based art form it is the community that has traditionally encouraged and trained the next generation to preserve the art form. There is no school or institution to give training in this art form and its survival depends almost exclusively on direct transmission through the Guru-Shishya Parampara.
See also
Arts of Kerala
Kerala Folklore Academy
References
Kerala Charithram, book by Kumarakom Sankunni Menon
Dances of Kerala
Arts of Kerala
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Religious vernacular drama
Cultural heritage of India
Theatre in India |
4040088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boomer%20the%20dog | Boomer the dog | Boomer the dog may refer to:
Boomer the dog, mascot of Port Vale F.C.
Character in U.S. television show 'Here's Boomer' |
5375599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC%20Futsal%20Asian%20Cup | AFC Futsal Asian Cup | The AFC Futsal Asian Cup, previously the AFC Futsal Championship, is the premier international futsal competition for the Asian Football Confederation national teams. It was first held in 1999 and was played annually until 2008; since then it has been played biennially. From 2021, the tournament will be rebranded from the "AFC Futsal Championship" to the "AFC Futsal Asian Cup".
Iran and Japan are the dominant nations, being the only two nations to have won the tournament, and Iran is the only nation to have never finished outside the top four. Iran, champions of 12 of the 15 editions of the competition, won 7 straight editions before their streak was broken by Japan. Japan have won the other 3 editions of the competition. It is a qualification for the FIFA Futsal World Cup.
Kazakhstan switched to UEFA since 2002.
Format
History
Results
Names:
1999 - 2020 : AFC Futsal Championship
2022 - Ongoing : AFC Futsal Asian Cup
Performance by nations
* = hosts
Medals (1999-2018)
Summary (1999-2018)
Participating
Comprehensive team results by tournament
Legend
– Champions
– Runners-up
– Third place
– Fourth place
– Semifinals
QF – Quarterfinals
R2 – Round 2
R1 – Round 1
q – Qualified for upcoming tournament
•• – Qualified but withdrew
• – Did not qualify
× – Did not enter
× – Withdrew / Banned / Entry not accepted by FIFA
– To be determined
– Hosts
FIFA Futsal World Cup
Legends
1st – Champions
2nd – Runners-up
3rd – Third place
4th – Fourth place
QF – Quarterfinals
R2 – Round 2 (1989–2008, second group stage, top 8; 2012–present: knockout round of 16)
R1 – Round 1
– Hosts
Q – Qualified for upcoming tournament
Awards
Most Valuable Players
Top Scorers
Fair Play Award
See also
AFC U-20 Futsal Asian Cup
AFC Futsal Club Championship
AFC Women's Futsal Asian Cup
References
External links
AFC Futsal Asian Cup
RSSSF – AFC Futsal Championship
Futsal
International futsal competitions
Futsal competitions in Asia
Asian championships
1999 establishments in Asia
Recurring sporting events established in 1999 |
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