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17333942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuela%20Azevedo	Manuela Azevedo	Manuela Azevedo (born 5 May 1970) is a Portuguese singer. A graduate in law at the University of Coimbra, she is the singer of the Clã band, once integrated the Humanos band. Participation in other projects: Ornatos Violeta (1997) -- «Líbido» e «Letra S» Três Tristes Tigres (1999) -- «(Falta) Forma» Trovante (1999) -- «Perigo» (em Concerto de Reunião / «Uma Noite Só») Carinhoso (2002) -- «Carinhoso» Mola Dudle (2003) -- «Árvore» José Peixoto (2003) -- «Caixinha de Pandora» Manuel Paulo (2004) -- Malhas Caídas Pato Fu (2005) -- «Bom Dia Brasil» Arnaldo Antunes (2006) -- «Qualquer» e «Num Dia» Brigada Victor Jara (2006) -- «Tirióni» Vozes da Rádio (2007) -- «O Pato da Pena Preta» Vários (2008)-- «Woman» Júlio Resende (2008) -- «Ir (e Voltar)» Júlio Pereira (2010) -- «Casa das Histórias» Virgem Suta (2010) -- «Linhas Cruzadas» Peixe:Avião (2010) -- «Fios de Fumo» Pequenos Cantores da Maia (2012) -- «Eu Sou O Pzzim» Sensi (2013) -- «Introspecção» Galamdum Galundaína (2016) -- «Tanta Pomba» Special Concerts Blind Zero - 27 + 29 January 1999 Trovante - Maio 1999 Porto Cantado - Porto 2001 Concert of the Count Basie Orchestra - Campo Pequeno - October 2008 Arnaldo Antunes Caríssimas Canções de Sérgio Godinho (2013) Deixem o Pimba Em Paz (2013) - Bruno Nogueira Joining Mitchell - Tribute to Joni Mitchell (2013) Coppia (2014) - CCB - Hélder Gonçalves e Victor Hugo Pontes Theater "A Lua de Maria Sem" - play with Maria João Luís (2011) "Inesquecível Emília" (2012) "Baile" (2015) External links 1970 births Living people 21st-century Portuguese women singers University of Coimbra alumni People from Vila do Conde Mirandese language
17333951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keletigui%20et%20ses%20Tambourinis	Keletigui et ses Tambourinis	Keletigui et ses Tambourinis was a dance music orchestra founded in Conakry by the government of the newly independent state of Guinea. They were one of the most prominent national orchestras of the new country. Background The newly independent state of Guinea, led by president Sekou Toure, established a number of music groups, competitions and festivals throughout the country to play the traditional music of Guinea rather than the European styles that were popular in the colonial period. The first orchestra to be founded was the Syli Orchestre National, its musicians drawn from the finest talents of the new nation. Later the government decided to split the orchestra into smaller units and Keletigui et ses Tambourinis, led by saxophone and keyboard player Keletigui Traoré, was one of these. Career Like their rivals, Balla et ses Balladins, who were also descended from the Syli Orchestre National, Keletigui and his group were based in a nightclub in Conakry ("La Paillote") and made a number of recordings for the state-owned Syliphone record label. The group was an organ of the state of Guinea and as such its working schedule, line-up and repertoire were strongly influenced by the officials of the state, as can be seen by the songs they recorded in praise of President Toure. After the demise of Syliphone in 1984 the group continued to play. Keletigui Traore died in 2008 and was buried in a state ceremony. His orchestra are now led by Linke Conde and continue to play regularly at La Paillote. Discography See http://www.radioafrica.com.au/Discographies/Keletigui.html for the group's complete discography, and http://www.radioafrica.com.au/Discographies/Syliphone.html and http://www.radioafrica.com.au/Discographies/Guinean.html for further information. Compact discs Keletigui et ses Tambourinis. The Syliphone Years (2009) Sterns Music Authenticite - The Syliphone Years (2008) Sterns Music References Guinean musical groups Musical groups established in 1959 Dance music groups 1959 establishments in Guinea
6901984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan%20Pui%20Yin	Chan Pui Yin	Chan Pui Yin () is a Singaporean film producer. She was with MediaCorp Raintree Pictures from 2000 to 2008. She produced Raintree's movies like I Not Stupid, I Not Stupid Too, Homerun, and The Maid, and was involved in collaborations such as The Eye, The Eye 2, Turn Left Turn Right, Infernal Affairs II and Painted Skin. Other releases include: One Last Dance (茶舞), a western take on the Chinese triad genre with Harvey Keitel; The Leap Years, an English romantic comedy from Asia; The Tattooist, a collaboration with New Zealand; Sing to the Dawn, Raintree's first animation feature. She produced Homecoming, Taxi! Taxi! and Everybody's Business for SIMF Management from 2010 to 2013 and The Little Nyonya TV Series for G.H.Y Culture & Media in 2020. Filmography 2001 The Tree (孩子•树; associate producer) 2002 I Not Stupid (小孩不笨; producer) 2003 Homerun (跑吧,孩子; producer) 2004 The Eye 2 (见鬼2; production manager, Singapore) 2004 The Best Bet (突然发财; producer) 2005 I Do I Do (爱都爱都; producer) 2005 The Maid (女佣; producer) 2006 I Not Stupid Too (小孩不笨2; producer) 2006 We Are Family (左麟右李之我爱医家人; producer) 2006 One Last Dance (茶舞; co-producer) 2007 881 (881; producer) 2007 The Tattooist (血纹; co-producer) 2008 Ah Long Pte Ltd (老师嫁老大; producer) 2008 The Leap Years (誓约; producer) 2008 Sing To The Dawn (曦望; producer) 2011 Homecoming (笑着回家; producer) 2013 Taxi! Taxi! (德士当家; producer) 2013 Everybody's Business (人人有份; producer) 2020 The Little Nyonya (2020) TV Series (小娘惹电视剧(2020); producer) 2021 The Ferryman: Legends Of Nanyang TV Series (灵魂摆渡之南洋传说电视剧; associate producer) References External links MediaCorp Raintree Pictures Website Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Mediacorp Singaporean film producers
23577174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corang%20River	Corang River	Corang River is a perennial river of the Shoalhaven catchment located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Location and features Corang River rises on the western slopes of the Budawang Range and flows generally northwest, joined by five minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Shoalhaven River at Cardies Point, north of Corang, descending over its course. See also List of rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K) Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Southern Tablelands Shoalhaven River
23577175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corindi%20River	Corindi River	Corindi River, an open mature wave dominated barrier estuary, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Corindi River rises below Knobbys Lookout, in hilly country located to the west of Woolgoolga, and flows generally north northeast, north northwest, east northeast, and northeast, before reaching its mouth with the Coral Sea of the South Pacific Ocean north of Red Rock; descending over its course. The river is transversed by the Pacific Highway near Corindi Beach. See also Rivers of New South Wales Rivers in Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Northern Rivers
44500803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingourou%20Kamara	Bingourou Kamara	Bingourou Kamara (21 October 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Montpellier. Born in France, he plays for the Senegal national team. Club career Kamara is a youth exponent from Tours. He made his Ligue 2 debut for the club on 31 October 2014 against Laval, playing the full match in a 2–1 away defeat. On 24 December 2021, Strasbourg agreed to loan Kamara to Belgian club Charleroi for the rest of the season. On 1 September 2022, Kamara signed for Ligue 1 club Montpellier. International career Born in France, Kamara is of Mauritanian and Senegalese descent. He was a youth international for France. He switched sporting nationalities, first representing Senegal in a 3–1 friendly loss to Morocco on 9 October 2020. Career statistics Club Honours Strasbourg Coupe de la Ligue: 2018–19 References External links 1996 births Living people People from Longjumeau Citizens of Senegal through descent Senegalese footballers Senegal international footballers French footballers France youth international footballers Senegalese people of Mauritanian descent French sportspeople of Mauritanian descent French sportspeople of Senegalese descent Association football goalkeepers Ligue 1 players Ligue 2 players Belgian First Division A players Sainte-Geneviève Sports players Tours FC players RC Strasbourg Alsace players R. Charleroi S.C. players Montpellier HSC players Footballers from Essonne French expatriate footballers Senegalese expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Belgium French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
17334004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puisque%20tu%20pars	Puisque tu pars	"Puisque tu pars" is a 1987 song recorded by the French singer Jean-Jacques Goldman. It was released in July 1988 as the fourth single from his album Entre gris clair et gris foncé, on which it features as the sixth track in an extended version. The song was a number three hit in France. Background, lyrics and music Goldman explained that the song deals with "departure, separation, and everything it implies". He said : "The idea came to me at the end of my concerts, when people sang: 'this is just a goodbye ...' [...] So I thought about writing a song about departure, but to show that departure is not necessarily sad, but there were also positive sides to leaving and separating." The song, which shows a "certain maturity" in the writing, has an "emotional expressiveness which depicts the dilemma of a love that doesn't want to be possessive". The song is included on several of Goldman's albums, such as Traces, Intégrale and Singulier (best of), Du New Morning au Zénith and Un tour ensemble (in live versions). The live performance by Goldman and Les Fous Chantants features on the DVD Solidarités Inondations. Cover versions "Puisque tu pars" was covered by Jean-Félix Lalanne in 1990, by Michael Lecler in 1996 (instrumental version), by Les Fous Chantants in 2000 (features on the album 1 000 choristes rendent hommage à Jean-Jacques Goldman, by Le Collège de l'Estérel in 2002, and by Les 500 Choristes in 2006 (for the compilation of the same name, eighth track). The song was also covered in Mandarin Chinese by Taiwanese singer Tracy Huang in 1990 under the title "讓愛自由", which translates to "Let Love Be Free". It was covered in English-language by Céline Dion, under the title "Let's Talk About Love," available on the eponymous album in 1998 and in 1999 on one of her live albums, Au coeur du stade. The English lyrics were written by Bryan Adams and Eliot Kennedy. A demo version of Adams' translation appeared on the CD single "Cloud Number Nine" in 1999. Tony Carreira made a cover version in the Portuguese language under the title "Já que te vais" although in the beginning before the controversy authorship of several songs, the song was registered as written by Ricardo Landum and Tony Carreira. Chart performances In France, "Puisque tu pars" went straight to number 23 on the chart edition of 16 July 1988 and reached the top ten two weeks later, peaked for three non consecutive weeks at number three, remaining behind the two summer hits "Nuit de folie" and "Un roman d'amitié (Friend You Give Me a Reason)". It totaled 15 weeks in the top ten and 24 weeks in the top 50. It achieved Silver status awarded by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. It was also released in Canada and Japan, but failed to reach the singles chart in these countries. ON the European Hot 100 Singles, it debuted at number 66 on 30 July 1988, reached a peak of number ten twice, in its seventh and tenth weeks, and fell off the chart after 22 weeks of presence. It also charted for four weeks on the European Airplay Top 50 with a peak at number 31 on 10 September 1988. Track listings CD single "Puisque tu pars" — 7:24 "Entre gris clair et gris foncé" "Tout petit monde" 7" single "Puisque tu pars" — 4:50 "Entre gris clair et gris foncé" — 3:57 12" maxi "Puisque tu pars" (extended version) — 7:24 "Puisque tu pars" (edit) — 4:50 "Entre gris clair et gris foncé" — 3:57 Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References External links "Puisque tu pars", story, lyrics and anecdotes ("Chansons" => "En un clic" => "Puisque tu pars") 1987 songs 1988 singles Jean-Jacques Goldman songs Pop ballads Songs written by Jean-Jacques Goldman
23577178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawford%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Crawford River (New South Wales)	The Crawford River, a perennial river of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Crawford River rises below Winns Mountain, northeast of Stroud, and flows generally east, southeast, then northeast through Myall River State Forest, before reaching its confluence with the Myall River at Bulahdelah; descending over its course. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Mid-Coast Council Mid North Coast
23577183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crookwell%20River	Crookwell River	The Crookwell River is a perennial river that is part of the Lachlan catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands and South West Slopes regions of New South Wales, Australia. Sourced by runoff from the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the river rises south of and flows generally northwest by west, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Lachlan River northwest of Binda and east of Frogmore. The river descends over its course. Etymology The river was originally named "Crook-ell" by William Stephenson, who originated from Crookhall, Durham, England. Native fish fauna Large Murray cod and endangered Macquarie perch, amongst other native fish, once abounded in the Crookwell, virtually to the base of Crookwell township: See also List of rivers of New South Wales Rivers of New South Wales References Tributaries of the Lachlan River Rivers of New South Wales
6901985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Glimm	James Glimm	James Gilbert Glimm (born 24 March 1934) is an American mathematician, former president of the American Mathematical Society, and distinguished professor at Stony Brook University. He has made many contributions in the areas of pure and applied mathematics. Life and career James Glimm was born in Peoria, Illinois, United States on 24 March 1934. He received his BA in engineering from Columbia University in 1956. He continued on to graduate school at Columbia where he received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1959; his advisor was Richard V. Kadison. Glimm was at New York University, and at Rockefeller University, before arriving at Stony Brook University in 1989. He has been noted for contributions to C*-algebras, quantum field theory, partial differential equations, fluid dynamics, scientific computing, and the modeling of petroleum reservoirs. Together with Arthur Jaffe, he has founded a subject called constructive quantum field theory. His early work in the theory of operator algebras was seminal, and today the "Glimm algebras" that bear his name continue to play an important role in this area of research. More recently, the United States Department of Energy adopted Glimm's front-track methodology for shock-wave calculations, e.g., simulating weapons performance. Glimm was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1984. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1970 at Nice and a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 1974 at Vancouver. In 1993, Glimm was awarded the Leroy P. Steele Prize for his contribution to solving hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations. He won the National Medal of Science in 2002 "For his original approaches and creative contribution to an array of disciplines in mathematical analysis and mathematical physics". Starting January 1, 2007, he served a 2-year term as president of the American Mathematical Society. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. Appointments Selected publications (Book) (Book) References External links Home Page, at Stony Brook Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences 20th-century American mathematicians 21st-century American mathematicians Stony Brook University faculty Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni Living people National Medal of Science laureates Fluid dynamicists 1934 births Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Fellows of the American Mathematical Society Brookhaven National Laboratory staff Presidents of the American Mathematical Society Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty People from Peoria, Illinois Mathematicians from Illinois
23577185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crudine%20River	Crudine River	Crudine River, a watercourse that is part of the Macquarie catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central western district of New South Wales, Australia. The Crudine River rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in the Capertee Valley, north of Ilford, and flows generally to the north-north–west, west, and then south-south–west, before forming its confluence with the Turon River west of Sofala; dropping over the course of its length. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Murray-Darling basin Australian gold rushes
17334007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20Greco-Roman%20lightweight	Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman lightweight	The men's Greco-Roman lightweight was a Greco-Roman wrestling event held as part of the Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. Featherweight was the second lightest category, and included wrestlers weighing up to 67.5 kilograms. A total of 22 wrestlers from 12 nations competed in the event, which was held from August 16 to August 20, 1920. Results Gold medal round Silver medal round Bronze medal rounds References External links Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics Greco-Roman wrestling
23577187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1987 Libyan Premier League	The 1987 Libyan Premier League was the 20th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. The league consisted of 18 teams, who played each other just once. The first round of matches were played on March 20, 1987, and the final round of games were played on August 28, 1987. Benghazi club Nasr won their first title (and to date, their only one) by one point, from Madina. League standings References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons Premier League Libya Libya
6901987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla%20television	Guerrilla television	Guerrilla television is a term coined in 1971 by Michael Shamberg, one of the founders of the Raindance Foundation; the Raindance Foundation has been one of the counter-culture video collectives that in the 1960s and 1970s extended the role of the underground press to new communication technologies. History of the term In 1969 Michael Shamberg, Paul Ryan and others co-founded a video collective called Raindance Corporation. From 1967 to 1969 Ryan had been a close assistant to Marshall McLuhan. While in 1970 McLuhan spoke of World War III as a "guerrilla information war," in the same year Ryan wrote for Radical Software, a journal of the Raindance foundation, the article Cybernetic guerrilla warfare. This article inspired Shamberg, in 1971, to coin the term Guerrilla television. As early as 1967, Umberto Eco used similar terminology in a lecture he gave in New York City, coining the term "semiological guerrilla" and using expressions like "communications guerrilla warfare" and "cultural guerrilla." Ideas Paul Ryan was a student and research assistant of Marshall McLuhan, who believed modern technology, such as television, was creating a global village and challenging cultural values, and coined the term "Cybernetic guerrilla warfare" to describe how the counter-culture movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s should use communication technology to get its message to the public. Despite a bias in the counter-culture movement towards anti-technology, people like Ryan and former Time-Life correspondent Michael Shamberg believed new technology wanted social change. Shamberg preferred the term Guerrilla television (the title of his 1971 book), because, despite its strategies and tactics similar to warfare, Guerrilla television is non-violent. He saw Guerrilla television as a means to break through the barriers imposed by Broadcast television, which he called beast television. They urged for the use of Sony's Portapak video camera, released in 1965 to be merged with the documentary film style and television. The group later became TVTV, or Top Value Television, one of the medium's most influential video collectives. See also Lord of the Universe (documentary), won DuPont-Columbia Award, 1974 Public access television Radical Software Vineland, a novel by Thomas Pynchon prominently featuring a guerrilla television collective Notes References Eco, Umberto (1967) Per una guerriglia semiologica (English tr. Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare) first given as a lecture at conference Vision '67 in New York. Greenwald, Dara (2007) "The Process Is in the Streets: Challenging Media America" in MacPhee, Josh and Reuland, Erik (2007) Realizing the impossible: art against authority Greenwald, Dara (2007) "The Grassroots Video Pioneers" in The Brooklyn Rail, May 2007 Marshall McLuhan (1970) Culture is our business Ryan, Paul (1970) "Cybernetic guerrilla warfare" in Radical Software, Volume 1, Issue 3, 1971 Shamberg, Michael, Raindance Corporation (1971) Guerrilla television Chapter "process notes" Strangelove, Michael (2005) The empire of mind: digital piracy and the anti-capitalist movement External links Citizen media
6901997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookout	Lookout	A lookout or look-out is a person in charge of the observation of hazards. The term originally comes from a naval background, where lookouts would watch for other ships, land, and various dangers. The term has now passed into wider parlance. Naval application Lookouts have been traditionally placed in high on masts, in crow's nests and tops. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) says in part: Every vessel must at all times keep a proper look-out by sight (day shape or lights by eyes or visual aids), hearing (sound signal or Marine VHF radio) and all available means (e.g. Radar, ARPA, AIS, GMDSS...) in order to judge if risk of collision exists. Lookouts report anything they see and or hear. When reporting contacts, lookouts give information such as, bearing of the object, which way the object is headed, target angles and position angles and what the contact is. Lookouts should be thoroughly familiar with the various types of distress signals they may encounter at sea. Criminal definition By analogy, the term "lookout" is also used to describe a person who accompanies criminals during the commission of a crime, and warns them of the impending approach of hazards: that is, police or eyewitnesses. Although lookouts typically do not actually participate in the crime, they can nonetheless be charged with aiding and abetting or with conspiracy, or as accomplices. Railway use A lookout may be used when performing engineering works on an operational railway. They will be responsible for ensuring that all staff are cleared of the track in advance of an approaching train. References Crime Marine occupations
23577190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahu%20Park%20metro%20station	Dahu Park metro station	The Taipei Metro Dahu Park station is located north of Dahu Park in Neihu District, Taipei, Taiwan. It is a station on Wenhu line. Station overview This three-level, elevated station features two side platforms, two exits, and platform elevators located on the north and south sides of the concourse level. It is named for the nearby Dahu Park, visible from the system between Dahu Park and Huzhou. Public art for the station is titled "Flying Kites at Home in the Sky"; it consists of 12 sculptures and is located around the entrance area. While the glass walls of the entrance area resemble an aquarium, the kites give the illusion of aquatic animals floating in the tank. History 22 February 2009: Dahu Park station construction is completed. 4 July 2009: Begins service with the opening of Brown Line. Station layout Nearby Places Dahu Park Hushan Park No. 5 Dahu Cottage Dahu Elementary School Dahu Community Bailusishan References Wenhu line stations Railway stations opened in 2009
6902000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana%20S%C3%A1nchez	Ana Sánchez	Ana Belén Sánchez (born 16 February 1976) is a Spanish golfer who plays on the Ladies European Tour. She represented Spain in the 1996 Espirito Santo Trophy and turned professional the following year. She has one Ladies European Tour win, which came at the 2004 BMW Ladies Italian Open, and was a member of the European team at the 2003 Solheim Cup. Professional wins Ladies European Tour wins 2004 BMW Ladies Italian Open Other wins 2005 Lalla Meryem Cup Team appearances Amateur European Ladies' Team Championship (representing Spain): 1995 (winners), 1997 Espirito Santo Trophy (representing Spain): 1996 Professional Solheim Cup (representing Europe): 2003 (winners) World Cup (representing Spain): 2005, 2007 External links Ana Sánchez personal blog Ana Sánchez Academy Spanish female golfers Ladies European Tour golfers Solheim Cup competitors for Europe Mediterranean Games medalists in golf Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain Competitors at the 1997 Mediterranean Games Sportspeople from Málaga 1976 births Living people 20th-century Spanish women 21st-century Spanish women
6902012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20the%20Right	Minister of the Right	was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the udaijin in the context of a central administrative body called the Daijō-kan (Council of State). This early Daijō-kan was composed of the three ministers—the daijō-daijin (Chancellor), the sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and the udaijin. The udaijin was the Junior Minister of State, overseeing all branches of the Daijō-kan. He would be the deputy of the sadaijin. The post of udaijin, along with the rest of the Daijō-kan structure, gradually lost power over the 10th and 11th centuries, as the Fujiwara came to dominate politics more and more. The system was essentially powerless by the end of the 12th century, when the Minamoto, a warrior clan and branch of the imperial family, seized control of the country from the court aristocracy (kuge). However, it is not entirely clear whether the Daijō-kan system was formally dismantled prior to the Meiji era. See also Daijō-kan Kugyō Sesshō and Kampaku List of Daijō-daijin Kōkyū Kuge Imperial Household Agency Notes References Asai, T. (1985). Nyokan Tūkai. Tokyo: Kōdansha. Dickenson, Walter G. (1869). Japan: Being a Sketch of the History, Government and Officers of the Empire. London: W. Blackwood and Sons. Hall, John Whitney, Delmer M. Brown and Kozo Yamamura. (1993). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan. [Translated by Fujiko Hara]. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (cloth) Ozaki, Yukio. (1955). Ozak Gakudō Zenshū. Tokyo: Kōronsha. Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: Routledge Curzon. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Varley, H. Paul, ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. Government of feudal Japan Japanese historical terms Meiji Restoration
6902013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20the%20Left	Minister of the Left	The was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the sadaijin in the context of a central administrative body called the Daijō-kan (Council of State). This early Daijō-kan was composed of the three ministers—the daijō-daijin (Chancellor), the sadaijin and the udaijin (Minister of the Right). The sadaijin was the Senior Minister of State, overseeing all functions of government with the udaijin as his deputy. Within the Daijō-kan, the sadaijin was second only to the daijō-daijin (the Great Minister, or Chancellor of the Realm) in power and influence. Frequently, a member of the Fujiwara family would take the position in order to help justify and exercise the power and influence the family held. The post of sadaijin, along with the rest of the Daijō-kan structure, gradually lost power over the 10th and 11th centuries, as the Fujiwara came to dominate politics more and more. The system was essentially powerless by the end of the 12th century, when the Minamoto, a warrior clan, seized control of the country from the court aristocracy (kuge). However, it is not entirely clear when the Daijō-kan system was formally dismantled prior to the Meiji era. See also Imperial Household Agency Kōkyū Kugyō List of Daijō-daijin Sesshō and Kampaku References Related bibliography Asai, T. (1985). Nyokan Tūkai. Tokyo: Kōdansha. Dickenson, Walter G. (1869). Japan: Being a Sketch of the History, Government and Officers of the Empire. London: W. Blackwood and Sons. Hall, John Whitney, Delmer M. Brown and Kozo Yamamura. (1993). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan. [Translated by Fujiko Hara]. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (cloth) Ozaki, Yukio. (1955). Ozak Gakudō Zenshū. Tokyo: Kōronsha. Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Varley, H. Paul, ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. Government of feudal Japan Japanese historical terms Meiji Restoration
23577191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curricabark%20River	Curricabark River	Curricabark River, a perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Curricabark River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, northwest of Cootera Hill, southeast of Nundle and flows generally southeast, before reaching its confluence with the Barnard River, northwest of Giro, north of Gloucester. The river descends over its course. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Northern Tablelands Mid-Coast Council
23577193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater%20River	Deepwater River	Deepwater River, a mostly perennial stream of the Dumaresq-Macintyre catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Old Man Gibber, east of Deepwater, and flows generally north northwest, west, and then west, before reaching its confluence with Bluff River to form the Mole River, near Sandy Flat; descending over its course. The New England Highway crosses the river at the settlement of . See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Murray-Darling basin
23577194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichopilia%20brasiliensis	Trichopilia brasiliensis	Trichopilia brasiliensis is a species of orchid endemic to the Brazil state of Goiás. References brasiliensis Endemic orchids of Brazil Flora of Goiás Plants described in 1906
23577196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delegate%20River	Delegate River	The Delegate River is a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, located in the Alpine regions of the states of Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Delegate River rises below Cob Hill within Errinundra National Park on the north western slopes of Gunmark Range, part of the Errinundra Plateau, approximately east northeast of Goongerah, in East Gippsland, Victoria. The river flows generally north, east southeast, northeast, north, and then northwest, flowing across the part of the boundary between New South Wales and Victoria, joined by sixteen tributaries including the Little Plains River and the Bombala River, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River, north northeast of Tombong, north of the town of Delegate and west northwest of the town of Bombala. The river descends over its course. See also Delegate River Diversion Tunnel List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia Rivers of New South Wales References External links Rivers of Victoria (Australia) East Gippsland catchment Rivers of Gippsland (region) Rivers of New South Wales Snowy Mountains
23577199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus%20accrescendi	Jus accrescendi	Jus accrescendi, in Roman law, is the right of survivorship, the right of the survivor or survivors of two or more joint tenants to the tenancy or estate, upon the death of one or more of the joint tenants. Jus accrescendi inter mercatores, pro benefio commercii, locum non habet: The right of survivorship has no place between merchants, for the benefit of commerce. Co. Litt. 182(1 ; 2 Story, Eq. Jur. \| 1207; Broom, Max. 455. There is no survivorship in cases of partnership, in contrast to joint-tenancy. Story, Partn. § 00. Jus accrescendi praefertur oneribus: The right of survivorship is preferred to incumbrances. Co. Litt. 185o. Hence no dower or courtesy can be claimed out of a joint estate. 1 Steph. Comm. 316. Jus accrescendi praefertur ultima voluntati: The right of survivorship is preferred to the last will. Co. Litt 1856. A devise of one's share of a joint estate, by will, is no severance of the jointure; for no testament takes effect till after the death of the testator, and by such death the right of the survivor (which accrued at the original creation of the estate, and has therefore a priority to the other) is already vested. 2 Bl. Comm. 18(i; 3 Steph. Comm. 316. References Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain) Latin legal terminology
23577201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilgry%20River	Dilgry River	Cobark River, a perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter district of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Dilgry River rises in the Barrington Tops within the Great Dividing Range, near Tunderbolts Lookout in the Barrington Tops National Park, and flows generally east then south by east, before reaching its confluence with the Cobark River, north north east of Boranel Mountain. The river descends over its course. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Hunter Region
23577207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyles%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Doyles River (New South Wales)	Doyles River, a perennial river of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Doyles River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, southeast of Tobins Creek, and flows generally south southeast, northeast, and then southeast, before reaching its confluence with the Ellenborough River, southwest of Ellenborough. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Mid North Coast Port Macquarie-Hastings Council
23577208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Dry River (New South Wales)	Dry River is a perennial river of the Murrah River catchment, located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Dry River rises below Murrabrine Mountain on the eastern slopes of the Kybeyan Range, that is part of the Great Dividing Range, located approximately west of Cobargo and flows generally southeast before reaching its confluence with the Mumbulla Creek to form the Murrah River, approximately southeast by south of Quaama. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales South Coast (New South Wales)
23577211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Greenwood	Ken Greenwood	Kenneth Richard Greenwood (15 December 1941 – 18 April 2021) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Carlton and Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL). A ruckman, Greenwood was recruited from South Bendigo and was an understudy to John Nicholls during his time at Carlton. In just his eighth league game, Greenwood appeared in the 1962 VFL Grand Final, which Carlton lost. He never established a regular place in the team until 1964 but even then received limited game time due to Nicholls. Greenwood, after trying to get a clearance to Melbourne, was given to Footscray in order to keep Ian Robertson, who was part of Footscray's recruitment zone, at Carlton. In 1967, his first season, Greenwood was runner up in the 'Best and Fairest' to John Jillard by one vote. His VFL career ended in 1972 when he badly injured his knee and he spent the 1973 season as captain-coach of Preston. References External links Ken Greenwood's playing statistics from The VFA Project Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing. 1941 births 2021 deaths Carlton Football Club players Western Bulldogs players Preston Football Club (VFA) players Preston Football Club (VFA) coaches South Bendigo Football Club players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
23577212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20music%20venues%20in%20San%20Antonio	List of music venues in San Antonio	The U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas has a vivid and diverse music scene. There are large venues such as the AT&T Center, medium-sized venues such as The Paper Tiger that host large concerts and well-known touring music acts, and many small venues that host many kinds of music. 502 Bar Alamodome AT&T Center Aztec Theatre Bond's 007 Charline McCombs Empire Theatre Cowboy's Dance Hall Fitzgerald's Bar & Live Music Freeman Coliseum Hard Rock Cafe - San Antonio Hemisfair Park Hi Tones K23 The Korova The Limelight Majestic Theatre The Mix Paper Tiger (formerly The White Rabbit) Phantom Room Sam's Burger Joint San Antonio Music Hall (formerly Backstage Live) Six Flags Fiesta Texas Sunken Garden Theater Sunset Station The Ten Eleven Tobin Center for the Performing Arts (formerly Municipal Auditorium) VFW Post #76 Zombies See also List of concert venues Music venues San Antonio Tourist attractions in San Antonio Music of San Antonio San Antonio Music venues Venues
23577215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckmaloi%20River	Duckmaloi River	Duckmaloi River, a perennial stream that is part of the Macquarie catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The Duckmaloi River rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range east of Shooters Hill, and flows generally to the north and then east, where it forms its confluence with the Fish River near Oberon; dropping over the course of its length. A small weir on the river, called the Duckmaloi Weir, forms part of the Fish River Water Supply Scheme and was constructed during 1963. The Scheme supplies water to Oberon and Lithgow Councils and the Sydney Catchment Authority for town water supplies, as well as Wallerawang and Mount Piper power stations owned by Delta Electricity for power generation purposes. The waters surrounding the weir are a site for a large platypus colony. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Murray-Darling basin Central Tablelands
23577217	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyke%20River	Dyke River	Dyke River is a perennial stream of the Macleay River catchment, located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Dyke River rises on the southern slopes of the Cunnawarra Range on the Dorrigo Plateau in high country east of Uralla and west of Nambucca Heads, and flows generally south by west before reaching its confluence with the Macleay River at Lower Creek, west of Comara. The river descends over its course. See also List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Northern Tablelands Armidale Regional Council
6902014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullen%20Murphy	Cullen Murphy	John Cullen Murphy, Jr. (born September 1, 1952) is an American writer, journalist and editor who was managing editor of The Atlantic magazine from 1985 to 2006. He was born in New Rochelle, New York, in 1952, a son of illustrator and cartoonist John Cullen Murphy. He grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut. His family moved to Dublin, Ireland for several years, including 1966, the 50th anniversary of the Easter Revolution. He was educated at Amherst College, from which he graduated with honors in medieval history in 1974. Murphy's first magazine job was in the paste-up department of Change, a magazine devoted to higher education. He became an editor of The Wilson Quarterly in 1977. From the mid-1970s until 2004 he worked with his father, John Cullen Murphy, as writer for the comic strip Prince Valiant, for which his father produced the artwork. He is also the author of The Word According to Eve: Women and the Bible in Ancient Times and Our Own (1999); Are We Rome? (2007), which compares the politics and culture of Ancient Rome with that of the contemporary United States; God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World (2012); and Cartoon County: My Father and His Friends in the Golden Age of Make-Believe (2017), a history of the cartoonists and illustrators from the Connecticut School. He currently serves as editor at large for Vanity Fair and lives in Massachusetts. He is on the advisory board of the literary magazine The Common, based at Amherst College. He has three children: Jack, Anna, and Tim. Publications References External links Murphy bio at TheAtlantic.com Archive of stories by Murphy at TheAtlantic.com Video of debate/discussion with Cullen Murphy and Rod Dreher on Bloggingheads.tv 1952 births Living people American comics writers American magazine editors American male journalists Amherst College alumni Writers from New Rochelle, New York The Atlantic (magazine) people Vanity Fair (magazine) people Writers from Connecticut Journalists from New York (state)
23577226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellenborough%20River	Ellenborough River	Ellenborough River, a perennial river of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Ellenborough River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, southwest of Blue Knob, and flows generally northeast before reaching its confluence with the Hastings River, near Ellenborough. The river descends over its course. The river descends over Ellenborough Falls, a sheer drop of circa , located on the middle reaches of the river, south of Biriwal Bulga National Park. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Mid North Coast
6902018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%20Television	Turkey Television	Turkey Television is a Canadian teen sketch comedy originally aired on Nickelodeon. The show was created by Roger Price and Geraldine Laybourne at the request of Nickelodeon in response to the popularity of You Can't Do That on Television, another Canadian children's sketch comedy airing on Nick. It was originally broadcast in 1985 for one season. The series was about an animated turkey named Thurman T. Turkey (voiced by Jim Thurman), who traveled around the world filming television shows from other countries, then "bringin' it home to Hollywood and puttin' it on the air". The cast featured Les Lye, Christine McGlade, Kevin Kubusheskie, and Adam Reid, all of You Can't Do That on Television fame, as well as several newcomers from Toronto: Steven Aiken, T.J. Criscione, and Craig Warnock. McGlade was also credited as a producer and a director. The cast also included John Koensgen as "Ivan Telaly" the Russian news announcer. John also co-hosted at least one episode as himself. Some of the most notable skits include parodies of Dr. Joyce Brothers and a parody of Hands Across America in which meat-waving children sing "Hams Across America." Actor Tom Riis Farrell appeared in a frequent segment called "The Uncle Hogram Program", a parody of Mr Bill. The series also presented material from outside sources of varying vintage, from public domain footage (often re-edited and given new sound tracks, similar to Jay Ward's Fractured Flickers) to not so old clips presented as is (e.g., scenes from Jacques Tati's Monsieur Hulot's Holiday) to more recent excerpts (skits from the New Jersey Network's Uncle Floyd Show) to offbeat music videos such as "Fish Heads". Animation was also featured on the show, outside of the opening and interstitials, featuring Thurman in very Looney Tunes-like scenarios, there were also international cartoons including the works of Mordillo. Australian comedy character Norman Gunston appeared often, as well. Videos by "Weird Al" Yankovic also appeared from time to time. References External links 1980s Canadian sketch comedy television series 1980s Nickelodeon original programming 1985 Canadian television series debuts 1986 Canadian television series endings Comedy franchises Television series about television
23577232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrick%20River	Endrick River	Endrick River is a perennial river of the Shoalhaven catchment located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Location and features Endrick River rises below Quiltys Mountain on the western slopes of the Budawang Range near Sassafras, and flows generally south southwest, west, northwest, and then north by west, joined by six minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Shoalhaven River near Nerriga, descending over its course. See also Budawang National Park List of rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K) Morton National Park Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Southern Tablelands City of Shoalhaven
23577239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%E2%80%9388%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1987–88 Libyan Premier League	Following are the statistics of the Libyan Premier League for the 1987–88 season. The Libyan Premier League () is the highest division of Libyan football championship, organised by Libyan Football Federation. It was founded in 1963 and features mostly professional players. Overview It was contested by 18 teams, and Al-Ittihad (Tripoli) won the championship. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
23577246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%E2%80%9389%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1988–89 Libyan Premier League	Following are the statistics of the Libyan Premier League for the 1988–89 season. The Libyan Premier League () is the highest division of Libyan football championship, organised by Libyan Football Federation. It was founded in 1963 and features mostly professional players. Overview Al-Ittihad (Tripoli) won the championship. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
23577250	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%E2%80%9390%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1989–90 Libyan Premier League	Statistics of Libyan Premier League for the 1989–90 season. Overview Al-Ittihad (Tripoli) won the championship. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
6902024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Cowan%20%28broadcaster%29	Barry Cowan (broadcaster)	Barry Cowan (1 February 1948 – 16 June 2004) was a high-profile journalist and broadcaster with BBC Northern Ireland. In 1974, he became the anchor of BBC Northern Ireland's flagship evening television news programme Scene Around Six, which established him as a household name in Northern Ireland. This involved bringing the news into people's homes during some of the worst years of the Northern Irish Troubles. In 1986, he became the first presenter of BBC Radio Ulster's popular Talk Back programme (he was succeeded by his close friend David Dunseith in 1989) and also presented the station's Good Morning Ulster, Evening Extra and Seven Days programmes. In the early 1980s he left the BBC for a short period to present Today Tonight on RTÉ, for which he won a Jacob's Award. Cowan died at the age of 56 after a long illness. References 1948 births 2004 deaths BBC newsreaders and journalists Jacob's Award winners RTÉ newsreaders and journalists Place of birth missing
23577257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gara%20River%20%28Australia%29	Gara River (Australia)	Gara River, a perennial river that is a tributary of the Macleay River, is located in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The river rises at the junction of the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range and the Ben Lomond Range, near Llangothlin, and flows generally south and southeast, joined by four minor tributaries, until the river reaches a junction with Salisbury Waters within Oxley Wild Rivers National Park and descends to its confluence with the Macleay River, below Blue Nobby Mountain, south east of Armidale. The river descends over its course and is impounded by Guyra Dam and Malpas Reservoir. In its lower reaches, the Gara River is transversed by the Waterfall Way. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia References External links Northern Rivers Geology Blog – Macleay River Rivers of New South Wales Northern Tablelands
23577258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1990–91 Libyan Premier League	Statistics of Libyan Premier League for the 1990–91 season. Overview Al-Ittihad (Tripoli) won the championship. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
6902038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Wilkin	Karen Wilkin	Karen Wilkin (born 1940) is a New York-based independent curator and art critic specializing in 20th-century modernism. Biography Educated at Barnard College (1962) and Columbia University, she was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship and a Fulbright Scholarship, to Rome. Wilkin has organized numerous exhibitions internationally and is the author of monographs on Stuart Davis, David Smith, Anthony Caro, Kenneth Noland, Helen Frankenthaler, and Hans Hofmann. Her recent projects include a Hofmann retrospective for the Naples Art Museum, Naples, Florida, and, with William C. Agee, the introductory essays for the Stuart Davis Catalogue Raisonné. Wilkin met Clement Greenberg in the early 1970s. When the Portland Art Museum, Oregon, acquired the critic’s collection, she was asked to contribute the main essay to the catalogue, because of her long friendship with Greenberg and her expertise on his writings, his studio practices, and the artists with whom he was closely associated. Recently, she was curator of the Syracuse exhibition “Clement Greenberg: Then and Now” that examines some of the Syracuse painters influenced by Greenberg. In 2009 Wilkin curated a posthumous retrospective of the painter Cleve Gray at the Boca Raton Museum of Art. Wilkin teaches in the Master of Fine Arts program of the New York Studio School. She is the Contributing Editor for Art for the Hudson Review and a regular contributor to The New Criterion, Art in America, and the Wall Street Journal. Select publications 2007 - The Paintings of Cynthia Polsky . Karen Wilkin and John Yau. Published: Phillip Wilson Publishers; 1 edition (February 15, 2007). , 2007 - Color As Field:American Painting, 1950-1975. Karen Wilkin and Carl Belz. Published: Yale University Press; 1 edition (November 29, 2007). , 2007 - Stuart Davis: A Catalogue Raisonné (3 volumes) by William Agee (Editor), Karen Wilkin (Editor), Ani Boyajian, Mark Rutkoski () 2005 - Kenneth Noland: The Nature of Color by Kenneth Noland (Author), Alison De Lima Greene (Author), Karen Wilkin (Author) () 2003 - Hans Hofmann () 2001 - Clement Greenberg: A Critic's Collection by Bruce Guenther, Karen Wilkin (Editor) () 2000 - David Smith: Two into Three Dimensions () 1999 - Stuart Davis in Gloucester () 1998 - Isaac Witkin () 1998 - Giorgio Morandi (Twentieth-Century Masters Series) () 1995 - Frankenthaler: Works on Paper 1949-1984 () 1992 - Georges Braque (Modern Masters Series) () 1986 - Milton Avery: Paintings of Canada () 1984 - David Smith (Modern Masters Series) () Sources Syracuse University - Newhouse School External links Karen Wilkin At New Criterion 1940 births Living people Barnard College alumni Columbia University alumni American art critics American women journalists American women critics American expatriates in Italy 21st-century American women American women curators American curators
23577259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geehi%20River	Geehi River	The Geehi River, a perennial river of the Murray catchment of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Geehi River rises below Mount Jagungal, part of Strumbo Range within the Kosciuszko National Park, and flows generally southwest before reaching its confluence with the Swampy Plain River, below Mount Youngal, near the locality of Geehi. The river descends over its course. The Alpine Way road crosses the Geehi River near its confluence with the Swampy Plain River. The historic and iconic Hannels Spur Track up to the summit of Mt. Kocsiuszko commences near the confluence of the Geehi River and the Swampy Plains River. This is the overlooked 3rd and most challenging route to the summit of Australia's highest mountain and Australia's biggest vertical ascent - 1800metres. Difficult See also List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia Rivers of New South Wales Snowy Mountains Scheme References External links Snowy Flow Response Monitoring and Modelling Rivers of New South Wales Snowy Mountains Murray-Darling basin
23577263	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoa%20River	Genoa River	Genoa River is a perennial river located in the Monaro region of New South Wales and flows into the East Gippsland region of Victoria in Australia. It used to be known as Bondi Creek or Yard Creek. The river's name derives from the First People "jinoor" ("footpath"). Course and features Genoa River rises below Nungatta Mountain, south of Bombala in New South Wales, and flows generally north, then south, crossing the Black-Allan Line that forms part of the border between Victoria and New South Wales, and then southeast flowing through the Coopracambra National Park, joined by fifteen tributaries including the White Rock River and Wallagaraugh River, before reaching its river mouth of the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean at the Mallacoota Inlet in Victoria. The river descends over its course. The Monaro Highway crosses the river in its upper reaches between Bombala and Cann River; and the Princes Highway crosses the river in its lower reaches at Genoa. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of Victoria (Australia) East Gippsland catchment Rivers of Gippsland (region) Rivers of New South Wales
23577265	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Fernaigh%20River	Glen Fernaigh River	Glen Fernaigh River, a perennial river of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Glen Fernaigh River rises on the Dorrigo Plateau within the Great Dividing Range near Hernani, west of Dorrigo, and flows generally northeast then east before reaching its confluence with the Nymboida River near Tyringham, northwest of Dorrigo. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Northern Rivers
6902042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar%20Oil	Madagascar Oil	Madagascar Oil SA is an oil company operating in Madagascar. It is the principal onshore oil company in Madagascar in terms of oil resources and land. Madagascar Oil's operational office is in Antananarivo, Madagascar and its administrative offices are in Singapore. Its Chairman is Indonesian national Al Njoo. Prior to this, the company was based in Houston, Texas and earlier in London, England. The company's flagship oil field is Tsimiroro in the Morondava Basin of western Madagascar. Madagascar Oil wholly owns its subsidiary, Madagascar Oil S.A. History Madagascar Oil was founded in 2004 by Canadian engineer Sam Malin and Australian businessman Alan Bond. Its parent company was originally Madagascar Oil Limited (Mauritius). In March 2006, simultaneous with a US$60m fund raising to North American managed hedge funds, the parent company was reorganised as Madagascar Oil Limited in Bermuda. In 2006, Madagascar Oil launched its first licensing round involving 44 offshore blocks in the Morondava Basin. In 2008, a joint venture agreement was executed with Total S.A. granting it operatorship and a 60% interest in the Bemolanga tar sands. In 2010, it raised £50 million in its IPO to finance a pilot project in the Tsimiroro Field. Madagascar Oil was listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange from 2010 until 2016. In December 2010, the trade of company's share was suspended after the Malagasy government announcement that the most of the company's oil licenses would be annulled. The dispute was solved and the trade at the AIM restarted in June 2011. The company delisted in 2016, as a condition of its lenders recapitalising the company. On 15 April 2015, the Madagascar government granted to the company a 25-year license on the oil production at the Tsimiroro block 3104. In February 2019, the new Madagascar president Andry Rajoelina cancelled an ongoing licensing round involving 44 blocks in the Morondava basin until further notice. Description Madagascar Oil focuses on the development, exploration and production of petroleum. In 2008, Madagascar Oil held the largest licensed onshore acreage in Madagascar. Madagascar Oil holds the large heavy oil fields of Tsimiroro and Bemolanga, which are the island's major onshore oil fields. The company operates the 100%-owned Tsimiroro heavy oil field, while Total S.A., its farm-in partner, operates the 40%-owned Bemolanga bitumen field. Tsimiroro has 2P reserves of 614 million barrels and 3C resources of 1.6 billion barrels, in tar sands at depths between 100m and 200m. In addition to the Tsimiroro and Bemolanga, the company holds three exploration blocks: Manambolo, Morondava and Manandaza. On Madagascar Oil's blocks, previous exploration examples include the Manambolo West #1 well, drilled in 1987 that flowed gas at per day on a drill stem test and abandoned as non-commercial partially due to a lack of infrastructure; and the Manandaza well drilled in 1991 that flowed 41° API light crude oil. Madagascar Oil's projects are governed by production sharing agreements signed with OMNIS, the relevant Malagasy government agency, in 2004. These agreements provide the Government of Madagascar with a significant stake in future production. The company's controlling shareholder is the Singapore-based Benchmark Group. Other shareholders are Outrider Management LLC, SEP African Ventures Limited (formerly Persistency Capital LLC), and the John Paul DeJoria Family Trust. References External links Official website Oil and gas companies of Madagascar Oil and gas companies of Bermuda
23577266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester%20River	Gloucester River	Gloucester River ( ), a perennial river and major tributary of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast hinterland New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Gloucester River rises within Gloucester Tops, on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, south east of Gloucester, and flows generally east northeast, joined by six tributaries including the Avon, Barrington, and Bowman rivers, before reaching its confluence with the Manning River, west of Wingham. The river descends over its course. The headwaters of the river originate in the World Heritage Barrington Tops region, flowing through the Barrington Tops National Park comprising Antarctic Beech and Southern Sassafras high altitude rainforest. In the middle and lower reaches, the river flows through subtropical rainforest that includes Red Cedar and Rosewood trees. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia Gallery References External links Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Hunter Region Dungog Shire Mid-Coast Council
23577267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goobarragandra%20River	Goobarragandra River	Goobarragandra River, a perennial stream that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. In the past, it was also known as Tumut Little River. Course and features The river rises on the north western side of the Fiery Range in the Snowy Mountains at and flows generally north west, joined by five minor tributaries towards its mouth at the confluence with the Tumut River at Tumut; dropping over the course of the river's length of . The river flows through the locality of Goobarragandra; and the Hume and Hovell Walking Track follows the river for a short duration, about south of Tumut. There are large waterfalls and rapids along this river. There are "camping" spots along the Goobarragandra River as well. See also List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia Rivers of New South Wales References External links Rivers of New South Wales Murray-Darling basin Snowy Mountains Snowy Valleys Council
6902071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Soxaholix	The Soxaholix	The Soxaholix is a comic-based blog published by pseudonymous Hart Brachen (similar to heartbroken) for Boston Red Sox fans to discuss the team and other sports-related news. Occasionally during the television season the blog also discusses the television drama Lost. The site began just prior to the 2004 baseball season. The author references many different sources of classic literature, modern literature, television shows, popular culture, and internet culture through the characters' dialogue. The setting for the comic revolves around a group of office co-workers in Boston and each daily strip focuses on the conversation of two of the characters in a back-and-forth manner similar to the comic Get your war on. Readership averaged 1,600 visitors per day in 2005 with sometimes as many as 12,000 readers in a single day. The site has been recognized by a number of prominent online award committees and sports websites for incisive wit and mix of high-brow as well as low-brow humor, including a 2005 article in The Wall Street Journal. It was also mentioned in the March 2, 2007 All Things Considered story concerning baseball fandom on NPR. History Hart Brachen, a pseudonym to cover the author's true identity, grew up in New Hampshire and attended college in Boston. He then attended graduate school at a university in the South. Always a Red Sox fan, the author found the comic style of Get your war on appealing and chose to use the method to describe his thoughts about the Red Sox, especially given their heart-breaking end at the hands of the New York Yankees in the 2003 postseason. One of the first entries included a discussion of blogger Ana Marie Cox and a link to her blog, Wonkette. She linked to the entry from her popular website and The Soxaholix received a large amount of attention very quickly. Readership remains high and the website garners more attention when the team is doing well, such as during and after the 2004 World Series. The author was interviewed for a Wall Street Journal article shortly after the Red Sox lost to the Chicago White Sox in the 2005 postseason. The characters are not real people. Readers comment on the strips, following the lows and highs of the season. Readers and commenters are divided between real and not real, with no clear line of demarcation. With the sustained success of the Boston Red Sox since 2004, a strip based upon failure, sadness and schadenfreude might have been expected to wither away. Not so. Despite considering a "retirement" or hiatus from the strip after the successful 2013 season, the author continues to post pithy entries nearly every weekday. (With rare exceptions- marked by life-changing events or outrageous fortune—weekend strips are rare). During the 2013 season, in the interest of his (or her) sanity, the author also announced that henceforth there would be no strip on a Friday when the Red Sox were under .500 in wins and losses. In November 2014, Brachen announced that he was bringing The Soxaholix to an end. Among his own comments on retiring The Soxaholix, he invited the fans to contribute ideas on how to keep the community alive since the strip concluded. Format Style The TypePad blog entries are written in a comic-strip style using only one or two positions for each character's appearance. The dialogue is written in plain HTML above the character's "talk bubble" instead of incorporated into the images; this allows for alternate browsing such as cell phones and RSS syndication. The strip is created in BBEdit and Fireworks MX on an Apple iMac. The original blog used clipart directly from Microsoft Office, but the current artwork is obtained from completely original sources. Awards and recognition Blogdom's Best: Boston Red Sox - named the best Red Sox-related blog by Deadspin. 2005 Webby Worthy Selection - awarded to sites and teams demonstrating a standard of excellence and outstanding caliber of work. 2005 South by Southwest (SXSW) Festival Finalist - "Best Blog". 2005 Bloggie Awards Finalist - "Best Non-Weblog Content of a Weblog Site". See also Get your war on References Boston Red Sox American blogs American webcomics 2004 webcomic debuts 2016 webcomic endings American sport websites Sports webcomics
6902078	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20House%20Is%20Not%20a%20Motel	A House Is Not a Motel	"A House Is Not a Motel" is a song written by Arthur Lee and first released by Love on their 1967 album Forever Changes. Lyrics and music The song was likely inspired by the song "A House Is Not a Home" written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, given that Arthur Lee was a fan of their work. It features a descending/ascending psychedelic melody and a folk-rock rhythm. Lee's vocal performance has been described as snarling. According to a friend, Lee got the line about blood mixing with mud turning grey from a Vietnam War veteran. The song begins with a 12-string guitar playing a riff in E minor. An electric guitar comes in after the second verse, playing a phrase on the top two strings. After the third verse, there is a drum break and twin guitar solo with strange vocal noises. It is one of the sparsest arranged songs on the album. Reception AllMusic's Matthew Greenwald called "A House Is Not a Motel" " another one of Arthur Lee's meditations of his own personal world, and it's both beautiful and brutal at the same time." He praised the "acid-magnified imagery" and considered it to be one of the standouts on the album. Considered to be "wonderfully dark" by The AV Club's Kyle Fowle, he wrote that it was "the most rock-oriented song, complete with blazing guitar solos that underscore the lyrical exploration of the chaos and inhumanity of war." David Barker considered the song to be an inversion of "Sympathy for the Devil" by the Rolling Stones and believed that the house Lee was referring to was a church while the motel symbolised the decrepitude of the world. Treble magazine ranked the song as the 13th best song of the 1960s, calling it "an increasingly escalating series of apocalyptic visions sandwiched between folk-rock plucks and a fiery electric freakout." The German magazine Musikexpress ranked "A House Is Not a Motel" number 429 in its list of the 700 best songs of all time. Uncut listed the song as one of its 50 essential songs from the Summer of Love. The Spanish magazine Hipersonica ranked the song 23rd best of the 1950s and 1960s. References Songs about hotels and motels Song recordings produced by Bruce Botnick Love (band) songs Elektra Records singles 1967 songs Songs written by Arthur Lee (musician)
20469513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20films%20shot%20in%20Oregon	List of films shot in Oregon	Throughout film history, the U.S. state of Oregon has been a popular shooting location for filmmakers due to its wide range of landscapes, as well as its proximity to California, specifically Hollywood. The first documented commercial film made in Oregon was a short silent film titled The Fisherman's Bride, shot in Astoria by the Selig Polyscope Company, and released in 1909. Another documentary short, Fast Mail, Northern Pacific Railroad, was shot in Portland in 1897. Since then, numerous major motion pictures have been shot in the state, including F.W. Murnau's City Girl (1930), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Animal House (1978), Stand by Me (1986), Free Willy (1993), and Wild (2014). Portland—Oregon's largest city—has been a major shooting location for filmmakers, and has been featured prominently in the films of Gus Van Sant, namely Mala Noche (1985), Drugstore Cowboy (1989), My Own Private Idaho (1991), and Elephant (2003). This list of films shot is organized first by region, and then chronologically by year. Some films may appear more than once if they were shot in more than one region. Northeast Southeast Southwest Northwest Central Coastal Other According to a list provided by the Oregon Film Council, the following films were shot in Oregon; however, specific locations and cities were not documented. Notes References External links Oregon Film, a catalogue of films shot in Oregon by the Oregon Governor's Office of Film & Television The Oregon Film Museum, an online database of films shot in Oregon Oregon Films Films
6902084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E21	E21	E21 may refer to: BMW E21, an automobile platform HMS E21 European route E21 DRG series E 21, different locomotives of the German National Railroad E21 - Code that it designates the Astronomical observatory of Norm Roses, Leyburn E21 - code ECHO of the Nimzo-Indian Defence, opening of chess Eyeshield 21, a manga based on American Football Economics21, or e21, web portal of the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research Kajang–Seremban Highway, route E21 in Malaysia
20469522	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart%20Day%20Leavitt	Hart Day Leavitt	Hart Day Leavitt (1909–2008) was a longtime English teacher at Phillips Andover Academy, amateur jazz musician, the author of a bestselling book on grammar and writing, and the professor of many notable Andover graduates, including Jack Lemmon, H. G. Bissinger and President George H. W. Bush. A native of Concord, New Hampshire, where his father, Congregational minister Ashley Day Leavitt, was pastor of a church, Leavitt was born December 29, 1909. Ironically, he attended Andover's archrival, nearby Phillips Exeter Academy, and subsequently graduated from Yale University, his father's alma mater, in 1934. Following his Yale graduation, Leavitt studied at the Bread Loaf school at Middlebury College. Soon afterwards, Leavitt took a $22-a-week job as a cub reporter on a New Hampshire newspaper. During his time as a reporter, the mother of Leavitt's fiancée suggested that he read And Gladly Teach, a book by Perry Bliss, brother of Phillips Exeter's principal. The book so captivated Leavitt that he immediately presented himself at the office of the Exeter principal, where he asked for a job. But with no graduate degrees, he was rejected. Leavitt next turned to the competition: Phillips Andover in Andover, Massachusetts, where headmaster Claude M. Fuess was intrigued by the thought of hiring a graduate of his archrival. "I was a bit disappointed not to go back to my old school," Leavitt said years later, "but not for long." Leavitt joined the Massachusetts preparatory school's English department, where he taught for nearly 40 years. During his time at Andover, Leavitt authored three books about creative writing, including Stop, Look, and Write, which became a bestseller with over a million copies in print. He also indulged his first love, jazz, by playing sax and clarinet in several jazz ensembles. At age 14 Leavitt received a saxophone from his father, and he played through Exeter and Yale, and at one time considered a career as a musician. "At one point," the teacher recalled, "I thought I'd make jazz my profession." But when Leavitt joined the Andover faculty, jazz was somewhat outré. "Back in the 1940s the school was run by old conservatives, most of whom thought jazz was evil music", Leavitt later told musician and Andover graduate Thomas Chapin, recalling an invitation by some of his students to play with their band. "So I decided to go in and ask the headmaster who hired me if it would be all right to perform with the boys and their band. The boss looked at me disapprovingly. 'Well, Hart if you want to do that kind of thing!''' So I had to refuse." In his faculty role on the Andover campus, Leavitt wore several hats, including five years coaching the varsity hockey team (1945–50). The team normally played on Rabbit Pond as an ice hockey rink had not yet been built. Following his stint as a coach, Leavitt switched gears, and embracing his love of carpentry and theater, headed up the stage crew at the old George Washington Hall theater. In his one on-stage performance, the English teacher appeared as one of the gangsters in Kiss Me, Kate, crooning "Brush Up Your Shakespeare" in a thick gangster accent. Leavitt often joked with colleagues about his education at rival Exeter. A handful of other Andover faculty were also Exeter graduates, and the group referred to themselves as "the red cell" among the blue. (Exeter's school colors are maroon and white; Andover's blue and white.) "For this teenager it all began," said Andover alum and fellow teacher of English Thomas Regan, "with the mystery of how an Exonian could develop such lifelong loyalty to Andover." Former President George H. W. Bush told Time magazine in an interview that he recalled writing several book reviews for Leavitt's English class, including one for Moby Dick. Bush received a grade of 67 in the class. (A grade of 60 was a failing grade). About his former student Leavitt was circumspect, recalling that "his grades in my course were not very good. He was in my eleventh-grade English class, but my remaining impression is that he just sat in the class and handed in his papers." Leavitt recalled having "very little respect for George's mentality." But, Leavitt allowed, "I have to go back and say that when he was in my class maybe he was an underdeveloped young man like a lot of them." "He showed no imagination or originality", Leavitt told Time, although he added that Bush was pleasant and had good manners. Leavitt also taught George's brother, Prescott Bush Jr., and noted that the Bush brothers' Senator father was too self-possessed to engage in small talk. Nearing the end of his Andover career, a former student recalled Leavitt as "on the verge of retirement and still playing regular saxophone gigs with a big band." Following his retirement from Phillips Andover at age 65, Leavitt was appointed to the faculty of Harvard University, where he taught expository writing to freshmen for five years. At the end of his Harvard stint, and again facing retirement, Leavitt got himself appointed to a job teaching English at Tufts University. Leavitt was married to Carol for 63 years. Among their shared interests were music – she loved classical, and he loved jazz. His wife encouraged Leavitt to take up the clarinet, and he dragged her to smoky jazz clubs to listen to his favorite jazz artists, including Ella Fitzgerald. Together they were instrumental in bringing the Andover Chamber Music Series to the town. Hart Day Leavitt died October 10, 2008, in North Andover, Massachusetts. A memorial service was held at Kemper Auditorium at Phillips Andover on November 15. See also Ashley Day Leavitt References Further reading Stop, Look, and Write, Hart Day Leavitt, Bantam Books, New York, 1967 The Writer's Eye: Effective Writing Through Pictures, Hart Day Leavitt, Bantam Books, New York, 1969 The Looking Glass Book of Stories, Hart Day Leavitt (editor), Random House, New York, 1960 An Eye for People: A Writer's Guide to Character, Hart Day Leavitt, Bantam Books, Look, Think, and Write: Using Pictures to Stimulate Thinking and Improve Your Writing'', Hart Day Leavitt, David A. Sohn, National Textbook Co., Lincolnwood, Ill., 1985, External links Obituary for Hart Day Leavitt, The Boston Globe, Boston, Mass., November 2, 2008 1909 births 2008 deaths People from Concord, New Hampshire Leavitt family Yale University alumni Phillips Exeter Academy alumni 20th-century American educators Harvard University faculty Tufts University faculty People from Southport, Maine 20th-century American male writers
23577270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1992–93 Libyan Premier League	The 1992–93 Libyan Premier League was the 24th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. 19 teams contested the league, with Ahly Benghazi the champions. There was no relegation as the league expanded to 21 teams the following season. The league went to a play off match between Tripoli rivals Ahly and Ittihad, as both were level on points after 36 games. Ahly Tripoli won 2–0 to win their 7th league title and their first for 9 years. League table Results Championship Playoff As Ahly & Ittihad were tied on points, the league title went to a one-off playoff match. The match was played at the 28 March Stadium in Benghazi. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
23577271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goorudee%20Rivulet	Goorudee Rivulet	The Goorudee Rivulet, a perennial river of the Murrumbidgee catchment of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Goorudee Rivulet rises below Bulgar Hill, part of Monaro Range, adjacent to the Snowy Mountains Highway, and flows generally east southeast before reaching its confluence with the Murrumbidgee River, north of Adaminaby. The river descends over its course. See also List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia Rivers of New South Wales References External links Rivers of New South Wales Murray-Darling basin Snowy Mountains
20469536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldeburgh%20branch%20line	Aldeburgh branch line	The Aldeburgh branch line was a railway branch line linking the town of on the East Suffolk line and the seaside resort of . There were intermediate stops at and . Part of the line remains in use for nuclear flask trains servicing Sizewell nuclear power station. Early history The line opened as far as Leiston on 1 June 1859 and was extended by four miles to Aldeburgh on 12 April 1860. The line was proposed by Samuel Morton Peto and supported by local agricultural machine manufacturer Richard Garrett. The Leiston Works Railway operated to link the line to Garrett's Leiston works. Operated initially by the Eastern Counties Railway, it was taken over by the Great Eastern Railway in 1862. Route Most trains started their journey at Saxmundham railway station and travelled half a mile northwards along the East Suffolk line to Saxmundham Junction where the Aldeburgh branch diverged eastwards across fields towards Leiston. The line climbs sharply over a ridge of higher ground before falling gently towards the coast. The first station is Leiston ( miles) which, in addition to having goods sidings, also had the branch line to the south serving the Richard Garrett & Sons works. Part of that line is still extant as Leiston Works Railway. 16 chains east of the station was a siding on the north side of the line, to the south of Carr Avenue, east of what is now the Jehovah's Witnesses Hall. It originally served the town gasworks, but was later in service as a coal siding until the 1960s. There was another industrial siding at Sizewell which was originally provided for cattle traffic from the local marshes, and this location (to the east of Sizewell Sports Club, south of King George's Avenue) is the present day terminus of the line. It is believed this siding was opened in 1860. Thorpeness station ( miles) was a single platform affair, and in latter years its station buildings consisted of three former carriage bodies supported at the back by concrete sleepers. The three carriages were recorded as: GER No. 51 into service May 1883 – 5-compartment third class 6-wheeler withdrawn 23 September 1920 GER No. 1480 into service September 1880 – 5-compartment second class 6-wheeler withdrawn 17 July 1914 GER No. 435 into service March 1897 – first class 4-wheeler withdrawn 19 September 1926 There was a siding provided here from 1921 for goods traffic. The terminus of the line at Aldeburgh consisted of a single platform with an attractive overall roof – quite an unusual feature for the Great Eastern. The station building was a two storey affair. There was a small goods shed as well as a small engine shed at this location. A hotel (The Railway Hotel) was built at the same time next to the station; it later became The Railway Tavern and exists today as The Railway Inn. Historical timeline 1859 – Line completed as far as Leiston. Garrett’s branch to brickworks and engineering works opened at same time (1 June). 1860 – Line opened Leiston to Aldeburgh 1912 – Leiston East siding opened to serve gasworks 1914 – Thorpeness station opens 1920 – Goods siding at Thorpeness opens 1923 – The London and North Eastern Railway take over operation of services 1929 – Locomotive Sirapite starts operating Garrett’s branch previously worked by horse, gravity and cable 1944 – Leiston east siding takes delivery of 1,383 wagon loads in 4 months 1948 – Railways nationalised – branch operated by British Railways (Eastern Region) 1959 – goods traffic withdrawn from Thorpeness and Aldeburgh (November) 1962 – Sirapite is retired and replaced by a battery locomotive 1963 – The Beeching Report recommends closure of the branch but there is significant local opposition 1965 – Overall roof at Aldeburgh demolished (August) 1966 – Passenger services withdrawn (12 September). Operations cease south of Sizewell. 1968 – Garrett's Leiston branch is closed and battery locomotive scrapped. 1972 – Saxmundham Junction signal box demolished and replaced by ground frame. 1975 – Aldeburgh station building demolished and houses built on site 1987–1990 – Operation of construction trains for building of Sizewell B nuclear power station 2004 – Sirapite returns to Leiston's Long Shop Museum 2009 – Sirapite returned to working order at Long Shop Museum in Leiston Passenger train services In April 1860 there were 5 trains each way between Aldeburgh and Saxmundham. In October 1921 there were 8 services each way, two of which were shown as mixed. In 1922 there were direct services to Aldeburgh from London Liverpool Street Station (journey time 3 hours 33 minutes). These consisted of a carriage(s) dropped off the Lowestoft express services and operated between 1906 and 1939. In the Winter 1951/52 timetable there were six trains per day each way. In the September 1964 timetable there were seven trains each way with three through trains to Ipswich one of which continued to Colchester (Mondays to Fridays only). In the opposite direction only one service originated at Ipswich. No Sunday services. The final 1965/66 timetable showed seven trains each way. The final passenger train was worked over the branch by British Rail Metro-Cammell diesel multiple units numbers 79066 and 79282. Driver Skeels from Ipswich engine shed was at the controls. The event was filmed. In September 2011, Suffolk County Council investigated the possibility of running train services between Saxmundham and Leiston Stations using a Parry People Mover light railcar. In connection with the construction of Sizewell C train operator DRS were in June 2012 considering passenger services to serve the power station. Whether this will mean the re-opening of Leiston station or a new station is unclear. Freight train services Initial freight services would have included agricultural produce and coal. Up until 1914 there was a good trade in fish but when Aldeburgh harbour became blocked by shingle banks this traffic ceased. From the line's opening, Garrett's establishment was responsible for significant freight traffic; that lasted until the 1960s. Indeed, the goods yard there was still open in 1972 when it was recorded as handling military traffic. During the 1920s a concrete factory existed at Thorpeness and was served by the siding. Building material for both Sizewell A in the 1960s and Sizewell B power stations between 1987 and 1990 was bought in by rail. Nuclear trains are the only regular source of traffic on the branch today and these are operated by Direct Rail Services who have a depot at nearby Stowmarket. On 18 October 2010 the British government announced that Sizewell was one of the eight sites it considered suitable for future nuclear power stations. If so the Aldeburgh branch may see construction traffic return. Locomotives Locomotives known to have worked the branch include: GER Class Y14 0-6-0 LNE classification J15 GER Class T26 2-4-0 LNE classification E4 'Intermediates' GER Class S69 4-6-0 LNE classification B12 GER Class G69 2-4-2T LNE classification F6 'Gobblers' LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-2T These locomotives would have most likely been allocated to Ipswich engine shed and it is possible that other smaller classes of engine from that depot would have worked the line. As mentioned Aldeburgh had a small engine shed which was a sub-shed of Ipswich and used to stable the branch locomotive overnight. In the diesel era the following locomotive classes worked freight services: Class 15 Class 20 Class 21 Class 24 Class 31 Class 37 Ipswich shed was one of the first depots to convert to diesel only power and as a result operation of passenger services passed to Diesel Multiple Units based at Norwich. DMU types that are known to have worked the branch include: British Rail Class 105 Derby Lightweight British Rail Metro-Cammell References External links Aldeburgh line on 1946 O. S. map Pictures of branch at local museum website Sub Brit Aldeburgh station page 1957 Saxmundham to Aldeburgh Railway line with Flanders and Swann, the slow train. Rail transport in Suffolk Railway lines in the East of England Railway lines opened in 1859 Great Eastern Railway 1859 establishments in England Aldeburgh
23577273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growee%20River	Growee River	Growee River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Growee River rises on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Hefrons Hole, northeast of Rylstone and flows generally northwest then north northeast, then north by west then northeast, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Bylong River near Bylong. The river descends over its course. The Bylong Valley Way crosses the Growee River at multiple points from below Growee Mountain in the south to near the town of Bylong in the north. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Central Tablelands
23577284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Henry River (New South Wales)	Henry River, a perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Henry River rises below Mitchell Hill, on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Bald Nob and flows generally east and north, before reaching its confluence with the Mann River, near Newtown Boyd. The river descends over its course; and flows through the Mann River Nature Reserve. See also Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Northern Tablelands
23577285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollanders%20River	Hollanders River	The Hollanders River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Hollanders River rises within the Moorara Range, on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range southeast of Edith, and flows generally south by west before reaching its confluence with the Kowmung River, near its junction with the Tuglow River, southeast of Shooters Hill. The river descends over its course. See also List of rivers of Australia List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Central Tablelands
23577292	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus%20ad%20rem	Jus ad rem	Jus ad rem is a Latin term of the civil law, meaning "a right to a thing:" that is, a right exercisable by one person over a particular article of property in virtue of a contract or obligation incurred by another person in respect to it and which is enforceable only against or through such other person. It is thus distinguished from jus in re which is a complete and absolute dominion over a thing available against all persons. The disposition of contemporary civil law jurists is to use the term jus ad rem as descriptive of a right without possession, and jus in re as descriptive of a right accompanied by possession. Or, in a somewhat wider sense, the former denotes an inchoate or incomplete right to a thing; the latter, a complete and perfect right to a thing. In canon law jus ad rem is a right to a thing. An inchoate and imperfect right, such as is gained by nomination and institution; as distinguished from jus in re, or complete and full right, such as is acquired by corporal possession. See also Ius References Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain) 2 Bl. Comm. 312 Blackstone, Sir William. Commentaries on the Law of England (2nd ed.); pg. 312. U.S. Supreme Court: THE CARLOS F ROSES, 177 U.S. 655 (1900). 177 U.S. 655 THE CARLOS F. ROSES. No. 243. Argued January 12, 1900. Decided May 14, 1900. The Young Mechanic, 30 Federal Case 873, No. 18,180 (Circuit Court, United States District Court for the District of Maine 1855) Latin legal terminology
23577294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeegoodbee%20River	Ingeegoodbee River	The Ingeegoodbee River is a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, located in the Alpine regions of the states of New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Course and features The Ingeegoodbee River rises in alpine country within the Snowy Mountain Range contained within Kosciuszko National Park, south of Thredbo in New South Wales. The river flows generally southeast by south and then southwest, flowing across the Black-Allan Line that forms part of the border between Victoria and New South Wales, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Suggan Buggan River within the Alpine National Park in Victoria. The river descends over its course. See also List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia Rivers of New South Wales References External links Rivers of Victoria (Australia) East Gippsland catchment Rivers of Gippsland (region) Rivers of New South Wales Snowy Mountains
6902085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandown%20Raceway	Sandown Raceway	Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being and long respectively. History Sandown Racecourse was first built as a horse racing facility, dating back into the 19th century, but closed in the 1930s in a government run rationalisation program. Redevelopment began not long after World War II. A bitumen motor racing circuit was built around the outside of the proposed horse track (which was not completed until 1965) and was first opened in 1962 and held the race which became the Sandown 500 for the first time in 1964. The circuit hosted its first Australian Touring Car Championship race in 1965. Motor racing The opening meeting, held on 11 and 12 March 1962, featured the 1962 Sandown International Cup, which was contested by world-famous international drivers including Jack Brabham, Jim Clark, Stirling Moss, Bruce McLaren and John Surtees. A second Sandown International Cup was held in 1963, the two races serving as the forerunners of the Sandown round of the annual Tasman Series from 1964 to 1975. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s the race meetings continued to attract international stars along with the best of Australia's drivers. Australia's traditional Holden/Ford rivalry really surfaced at the track in the late 1960s and through the 1970s with drivers such as Norm Beechey, Ian Geoghegan, Allan Moffat, Bob Jane, Colin Bond and Peter Brock and continues to the present day. From 1968 to 1980 almost every major touring car race held at the circuit was won be those driving either a Holden or a Ford. 1984 saw an extension of the track to to comply with FIA regulations for minimum track length for World Championship events. It also saw the first 500 km race held at the circuit, the Castrol 500, being Round 3 of the 1984 Australian Endurance Championship. Along with the circuit changes, some AUD$600,000 had been spent relocating the pits from its original place between what was turns one and two (now turns one and four) to its now permanent place coming onto the main straight. Peter Brock and Larry Perkins took their Holden Dealer Team VK Commodore to a one lap victory in the 1984 Castrol 500; it was to be the last of Brock's record nine wins in the Sandown enduro events. In 1989, the International Circuit was abandoned and the track reverted to , though not by using the original 8 turn layout, but a modified 13 turn course. This was achieved by simply bypassing the largely unpopular tight and twisty infield section that had been in use since 1984 and using only the re-configured International (outer) Circuit. The effect was also to bring the cars closer to the spectator area on the outside of the esses to bring back spectators to the area. The esses at the end of the back straight was a popular spectator area during the 1970s and 1980s with several converted Double-decker buses frequenting race meetings. Sandown continued to host both the 500 kilometre race and a sprint round of the championship, the Sandown Challenge, throughout the majority of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. In 2001 and 2002, the circuit hosted the Grand Finale as the closing round of the season. When the Sandown 500 returned in 2003, the sprint round was removed from the calendar and Sandown no longer hosts two major V8 Supercars events per year. The infield section was still used for motorcycle racing at the track until about 2000 as the high speed esses (turns 6–9) at the end of the back straight were deemed too dangerous for the bikes at high speed (the entry speed off the straight was close to with very little runoff area between the track and the outside fence. Using the infield section not only bypassed the esses but slowed the bikes down and allowed them to continue using the circuit for the series such as the Australian Superbike Championship. In late 2007 the Melbourne Racing Club, owner of the venue, brought the management of the motor circuit in house. As part of securing the future of motorsport at the venue Sandown's Manager Wade Calderwood negotiated a long-term deal with V8 Supercars. Under this deal the MRC invested significant funds as part of a 3-year upgrade to the pits and circuit safety. Under the local Council permit, Sandown Raceway is limited to running five motorsport events per year, at no louder than 95 decibels. Currently these events include the Sandown 500, Historic Sandown, Shannons Nationals and two Victorian State Race Series events. The long term future of this historic circuit is unclear as the owners of Sandown Park want to have it rezoned so that they can sell it to a property developer who would then demolish the venue and turn it into high density housing. Sandown 500 The circuit is home to the famous Sandown endurance race which was first held in 1964 through to 2007, with a return to the V8 Supercars calendar in 2012. Traditionally the domain of touring cars, the race has also been held for Series Production cars from 1968–1972 and GT Sports Cars in 2001 and 2002. Peter Brock is the most successful driver of the Sandown enduro with nine outright wins including seven in a row from 1975 to 1981. The race itself wasn't always run over a 500 km distance. The first two races ran for six hours while the next two ran for just three hours. The race distance was 250 km from 1970 until 1975. This was increased to 400 km in 1976 and stayed that way until 1983. It was changed for the last time in 1984 with an increase to 500 km. The 1990, 1993 and 1994 events had no major sponsor and were underwritten by circuit promoter and former Formula 5000 star Jon Davison. V8 Supercars With the creation of V8 Supercars in 1997, the Sandown 500 event remained as part of their calendar for that year and 1998. Sandown became a sprint round of the V8 Supercars Championship Series for 1999 and 2000, then as three 150 km races with pit stops in 2001 and a 150 km race on the Saturday and 300 km race on the Sunday in 2002. The event was won by Todd Kelly in 2001 and by Marcos Ambrose in 2002. The 500 km format returned in 2003 with a sponsorship deal with Betta Electrical and have been a large part of the series since. The 2003 event was won by Mark Skaife and Todd Kelly for the Holden Racing Team. In 2004 it was won by Marcos Ambrose and Greg Ritter in a Pirtek-backed Stone Brothers Racing Falcon. In 2005, it was won by Craig Lowndes and Frenchman Yvan Muller in a Betta Electrical backed Falcon. In 2006, Ford Performance Racing got its maiden endurance victory with Mark Winterbottom and Jason Bright. In 2007, the major sponsor of the Sandown 500 is Just-Car Insurance and the event is called the Just Car Insurance 500, and was won by Craig Lowndes, his fourth victory, and Jamie Whincup. For the 2008 season, the 500 kilometres endurance race was moved to the Phillip Island circuit. Sandown remained on the calendar as a venue, but hosted a regular multiple sprint race format event earlier in the year. The event returned to its single 500 kilometres roots in September 2012 as an enduro precursor to the Bathurst 1000, with the inaugural Dick Smith Sandown 500 won by the Holden Commodore Team Vodafone pairing of Craig Lowndes and Warren Luff. World Sportscar Championship On 2 December 1984, Sandown held the last round of the 1984 World Endurance Championship. The race, known as the Sandown 1000, was won by Stefan Bellof and Derek Bell in their Rothmans Porsche 956. This race was the first FIA World Championship road racing motor racing event to be held in Australia. As the race name suggests, the race distance was to be long. However, under WEC rules, with the exception of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, races also had a time limit of 6 hours. The six-hour mark was reached when the Bellof/Bell Porsche had run only 206 laps (803.4 km), thus the race was declared at the time limit some 51 laps short of the 1000 km distance. The next (and only other) FIA World Sportscar Championship race held in Australia was also held at Sandown on 20 November 1988. This was the 1988 360 km of Sandown Park, the final round of the 1988 World Sports-Protype Championship, which was won by Jean-Louis Schlesser and Jochen Mass driving their Sauber Mercedes C9. This race would prove to be the final top level motor race on the 3.9 km International Circuit, with Schlesser setting the circuit's outright lap record with a time of 1:33.580. Easternats Easternats was a car festival held at the race track annually. It attracted a large number of entrants for the show'n'shine and various other events. It comprised usually a turn out of 750 entered vehicles. This event has since been discontinued. Historic Sandown Historic Sandown is an annual event held at the circuit on the first weekend of November. Promoted by the VHRR (Victorian Historic Racing Register) and run by the MG Car Club of Victoria, it is a highly successful event which in 2009 attracted a record 400+ historic racing cars including touring cars, MG racers and Formula Fords and was also headlined by the Biante Touring Car Masters. 2009 was the 18th running of the event and was attended by the patron of the VHRR, Sir Jack Brabham. Cycling Victoria Several Melbourne cycling clubs hold regular races over the summer season. Athletics Victoria Annually, Athletics Victoria hold a road race (sometimes a team relay) as a part of the AV Cross Country season. Australian Grand Prix Sandown Raceway has held the Australian Grand Prix on six occasions, the last being in 1978, seven years before the event became part of the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1985. Two World Drivers' Champions were winners of the AGP at Sandown, Jack Brabham in 1964 and the late Jim Clark in 1968, with Clark's winning margin being only 0.1 seconds from the Ferrari of New Zealand's Chris Amon being one of the closest finishes in the race's history. John Goss' 1976 victory saw him become the first, and so far only winner of both the Australian Grand Prix and the Bathurst 1000 touring car race. The winners of the Australian Grands Prix held at Sandown Raceway are: Special Guest at the 1978 Australian Grand Prix, the 50th anniversary of the event (and the final time it would be held at Sandown), was Argentina's five-time Formula One World Drivers' Champion, the legendary Juan Manuel Fangio. Following the race Fangio, Australia's own three-time World Champion Jack Brabham, Bob Jane and former racer turned Holden dealer Bill Patterson, staged a spirited three-lap demonstration/race. Fangio and Brabham cleared out and swapped the lead many times. Fangio was driving a Mercedes-Benz W196 that he raced in and , while Brabham (not yet Sir Jack) drove the Repco V8 powered Brabham BT19 in which he won the Formula One World Championship to become the first and only person to win the Drivers' championship in a car of his own design and build. Brabham 'won' the demonstration, just ahead of Fangio, with Patterson (driving a Cooper) and Jane (driving a Maserati) some distance behind in 3rd and 4th. Upgrades Sandown was repaved and received many new safety features in 2013 in accordance with new FIA rules. More tyre barriers were added, and new catch fencing was also added during big events like Historic Sandown and the Wilson Security 500. The main grandstand was also upgraded to feature a new bar and food complex. Along with the grandstand, the pits were also upgraded. Following a spate of major accidents at the end of the back straight between 2010 and 2017, the run-off area was also extended in early 2019. Lap records As of August 2016. Unless otherwise stated records are for the current circuit. Notes References External links Sandown Raceway Map and circuit history at RacingCircuits.info Easternats Motorsport venues in Victoria (Australia) Supercars Championship circuits Sports venues in Victoria (Australia) Australian Grand Prix 1962 establishments in Australia
23577297	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Isis River (New South Wales)	Isis River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Isis River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Crawney Mountain, northeast of Murrurundi and flows generally south, joined by two minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Pages River near Belltrees, northeast of Scone. The river descends over its course. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of the Hunter Region Upper Hunter Shire Hunter River (New South Wales)
6902091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living%20the%20Dream%20%28Jennylyn%20Mercado%20album%29	Living the Dream (Jennylyn Mercado album)	Living the Dream is the first solo album by the StarStruck winner Jennylyn Mercado, released in 2004. Track listing Personnel Buddy C. Medina - executive producer Rene Salta - in charge of marketing Kedy Sanchez - A&R supervising producer GMA Artist Center - artist management Jimmy Antiporda Aji Manalo Arnold Jallores Boggie Manipon Dominique Benedicto Alexi Corbilla Ramil Bahandi Marlon Silva Dong Tan - cover concept, cover design & execution Claude Rodrigo - cover design & execution Jake Versoza - photography Mariel Chua - hair & make-up Ana Kalw - wardrobe See also GMA Records GMA Network 2004 albums Jennylyn Mercado albums GMA Music albums
23577299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobs%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Jacobs River (New South Wales)	The Jacobs River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Jacobs River rises below Purgatory Hill within The Snowy Mountains Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, contained within the Kosciuszko National Park, on the western slopes of Mount Stony. The river flows generally west and then southeast, joined by five minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River below Stockyard Ridge. The river descends over its course. See also List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Snowy Mountains
23577302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaloperonospora%20arabidopsidis	Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis	Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis is a species from the family Peronosporaceae. It is an obligate parasite and the causal agent of the downy mildew of the plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. While H. arabidopsidis has for a long time been subsumed under Peronospora parasitica (now Hyaloperonospora parasitica), recent studies have shown that H. parasitica is restricted to Capsella bursa-pastoris as a host plant. Like the other Hyaloperonospora species, H. arabidopsidis is highly specialized to Arabidopsis thaliana. References Further reading Peronosporales Water mould plant pathogens and diseases Eudicot diseases Arabidopsis thaliana
6902100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chionanthus%20virginicus	Chionanthus virginicus	Chionanthus virginicus (white fringetree) is a tree native to the savannas and lowlands of the southeastern United States, from New Jersey south to Florida, and west to Oklahoma and Texas. Growth It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to as much as tall, though ordinarily less. The bark is scaly, brown tinged with red. The shoots are light green, downy at first, later becoming light brown or orange. The buds are light brown, ovate, acute, long. The leaves are opposite, simple, ovate or oblong, long and broad, with a petiole long, and an entire margin; they are hairless above, and finely downy below, particularly along the veins, and turn yellow in fall. The richly-scented flowers have a pure white, deeply four-lobed corolla, the lobes thread-like, long and broad; they are produced in drooping axillary panicles long when the leaves are half grown, in mid- to late May in New York City, earlier in the south. It is usually dioecious, though occasional plants bear flowers of both sexes. The fruit is an ovoid dark blue to purple drupe long, containing a single seed (rarely two or three), mature in late summer to mid fall. Etymology The species name was originally cited by Linnaeus as Chionanthus virginica, treating the genus as feminine; however, under the provisions of the ICBN, the genus is correctly treated as masculine, giving the species ending as virginicus. Other English names occasionally used in the Appalachians include Grancy Gray Beard and Old Man's Beard. Cultivation and uses Although native in the southeastern United States, it is hardy in the north and is extensively planted in gardens, where specimens are often grown with multiple trunks. The white flowers are best seen from below. Fall color is a fine, clear yellow, a good contrast with viburnums and evergreens. It prefers a moist soil and a sheltered situation. It may be propagated by grafting on Ash (Fraxinus sp.). The wood is light brown, sapwood paler brown; heavy, hard, and close-grained. Traditional uses The dried roots and bark were used by Native Americans to treat skin inflammations. The crushed bark was used in treatment of sores and wounds. Threats In 2014, white fringetrees in Ohio were reported to be hosting infestations of the emerald ash borer, an insect native to Asia that has become a highly destructive invasive pest of ash trees in North America. Since then, emerald ash borer has been found in white fringetrees in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, indicating to researchers that white fringetrees are being utilized by emerald ash borers throughout the range where the species overlap. Symptoms of infestation include crown dieback and epicormic sprouting. References virginicus Trees of the Eastern United States Plants used in traditional Native American medicine Trees of the Southeastern United States Ornamental trees Dioecious plants Trees of the Northeastern United States Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
6902101	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billings%20Refinery%20%28Phillips%2066%29	Billings Refinery (Phillips 66)	The Billings Refinery is an oil refinery located in Billings, Montana. The refinery is currently owned and operated by Phillips 66. Completed in 1947, the refinery covers . See also List of oil refineries Phillips 66 References External links Phillips 66 website Buildings and structures in Billings, Montana Energy infrastructure completed in 1947 Energy infrastructure in Montana Oil refineries in the United States Phillips 66 1947 establishments in Montana
23577303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenolan%20River	Jenolan River	The Jenolan River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Jenolan River rises below Black Mount on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range southeast of Oberon, and flows generally southeast and east, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Coxs River below Mount Jenolan. The river descends over its course. At Jenolan Caves the river flows underground for approximately . See also Jenolan Caves List of rivers of Australia List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Central Tablelands Oberon Council
23577315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1993–94 Libyan Premier League	The 1993–94 Libyan Premier League was the 26th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. Ahly Tripoli won their 7th league title by beating arch rivals Ittihad 1–0 in the Championship Playoff. The title was Ahly's first for ten seasons. Overview The 21 participating teams were split into two groups, one of 11 teams, and the other of 10. The top team in each group would go through to a one-off match to decide the championship. Ittihad won their group by 12 points from Hilal, while Ahly Tripoli won their group by 6 points from cross-city rivals Madina. The championship match took place on June 14, 1994, at the 11 June Stadium. Ahly Tripoli defeated Ittihad 1–0 to achieve the national crown. League standings Group A Group B Playoff The top team from each group advanced to a one-off playoff match, to be played at the 11 June Stadium. Ahly Tripoli defeated bitter rivals Ittihad through an Idris Mikraaz goal to win their 8th Premier League title. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
6902127	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20Politics	Sexual Politics	Sexual Politics is the debut book by American writer and activist Kate Millett, based on her PhD dissertation. It was published in 1970 by Doubleday. It is regarded as a classic of feminism and one of radical feminism's key texts. Sexual Politics analyses the subjugation of women in prominent art and literature in the 20th century, specifically looking at the ubiquity of male domination in culture. Summary Millett argues that "sex has a frequently neglected political aspect" and goes on to discuss the role that patriarchy plays in sexual relations, looking especially at the works of D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, and Norman Mailer. Millett argues that these authors view and discuss sex in a patriarchal and sexist way. In contrast, she applauds the more nuanced gender politics of homosexual writer Jean Genet. Other writers discussed at length include Sigmund Freud, George Meredith, John Ruskin, and John Stuart Mill. Influences Sexual Politics was largely influenced by Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 book The Second Sex, although Beauvoir's text is known for being more intellectually-focused and less emotionally invigorating than Millett's text. Reception Sexual Politics has been seen as a classic feminist text, said to be "the first book of academic feminist literary criticism", and "one of the first feminist books of this decade to raise nationwide male ire", though like Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique (1963) and Germaine Greer's The Female Eunuch (1970), its status has declined. Sexual Politics was an important theoretical touchstone for the second wave feminism of the 1970s. It was also extremely controversial. Norman Mailer, whose work, especially his novel An American Dream (1965), had been criticised by Millett, wrote the article "The Prisoner of Sex" in Harper's Magazine in response, attacking Millett's claims and defending Miller and Lawrence, and later extensively attacked her writings in his non-fiction book of the same name. The psychoanalyst Juliet Mitchell argues that Millett, like many other feminists, misreads Freud and misunderstands the implications of psychoanalytic theory for feminism. Christina Hoff Sommers writes that, by teaching women that politics is "essentially sexual" and that "even the so-called democracies" are "male hegemonies", Sexual Politics helped to move feminism in a different direction, toward an ideology that Sommers calls "gender feminism". The author Richard Webster writes that Millett's "analysis of the reactionary character of psychoanalysis" was inspired by the philosopher Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949). The critic Camille Paglia called Sexual Politics an "atrocious book", which "reduced complex artworks to their political content". She accused it of spawning what she sees as the excesses of women's studies departments, especially for attacks on the alleged pervasive sexism of the male authors of the Western canon. The historian Arthur Marwick described Sexual Politics as, alongside Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex (1970), one of the two key texts of radical feminism. Doubleday's trade division, although it declined to reprint it when it went out of print briefly, said Sexual Politics was one of the ten most important books that it had published in its hundred years of existence and included it in its anniversary anthology. The New York Times published a review of the book in 1970 that predicted it would become "the Bible of Women's Liberation." The article was written by Marcia Seligson and praised the book as "a piece of passionate thinking on a life-and-death aspect of our public and private lives." Editions (incomplete list) Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1970) Kate Millett, "Sexual Politics" (New York: Avon Discus (trade paperback reprint), 1971 Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (London: Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd., 1971) Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (London: Virago, 1977) Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000) Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016) References 1970 non-fiction books American non-fiction books Books by Kate Millett Books of literary criticism Debut books Doubleday (publisher) books English-language books Feminist criticism of marriage Non-fiction books about sexuality Radical feminist books Second-wave feminism Sociology books
17334025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy%20Arnold%20discography	Eddy Arnold discography	The following is a complete discography of all albums released by the late American country music artist Eddy Arnold from 1955 to 2005. Studio albums 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s–2000s Gospel albums Holiday albums Compilation albums Singles 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s–2000s Other singles Collaborations Gospel singles Christmas singles Guest singles Charted B-sides Music videos Notes A^ "Soul Deep" also peaked at number 28 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and at number 23 on the RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks chart in Canada. References External links Official Website Country music discographies Discographies of American artists
6902141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3voa%20Seman%C3%A1rio	Póvoa Semanário	Póvoa Semanário is one of the three main local newspapers of Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. Its current editor-in-chief is Catarina Pessanha. Newspapers published in Portugal Mass media in Póvoa de Varzim
23577319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jooriland%20River	Jooriland River	The Jooriland River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands and Macarthur regions of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Jooriland River rises in Bindook Highlands on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range below Mount Egan west of the Yerranderie State Conservation Area, and flows in a meandering course generally east, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Wollondilly River west of the Nattai Tableland upstream of Lake Burragorang. The river descends over its course. In its lower reaches, the river adjoins the Nattai National Park, part of the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site. See also List of rivers of Australia List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Central Tablelands
17334033	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical%20victory	Tactical victory	In military tactics, a tactical victory may refer to a victory that results in the completion of a tactical objective as part of an operation or a result in which the losses of the "defeated" outweigh those of the "victor" although the victorious force failed to meet its original objectives. Concepts Large-scale planning of goals may be called "strategy" and are conducted at the "strategic level of war." Lower-level operations that fulfil the strategic planning are conducted at the "operational level of war." The lowest level of planning which fulfills operational goals and strategy is called the "tactical level of war". Based on planning A tactical mission is one in which the operational area that aims to complete the goals of the assigned mission or task given by "tactical control." Therefore, a tactical victory is the successful completion of that mission. Tactical missions contribute to the success or failure of the whole operation. Tactics include the handling of assets such as soldiers, vehicles, weapons, and munitions and tactics might be as simple as the combat maneuvering of an individual soldier in a skirmish with an enemy soldier. The definition of tactical victory may become blurred in large-scale tactical maneuvering of troops in division-sized formations or the operational goals of company-sized units to exercise control of important positions, as they contribute in different ways to the success or the failure of operations and strategy. Nations may have differing strategic objectives for a conflict, and their individual combat units may be made to believe in still-different objectives. Survival, on an individual or a unit level, may become an important objective in battle, and the different objectives allow both sides to maintain morale by declarations of victory to justify the costs of combat. Many battles involving multiple units include elements of tactical success by both opposing forces. The individual tactical victories may not cause the force to be successful in that battle or in the larger goals of the conflict. Based on losses The term is then applied to a simple tally of the numbers of losses of each side, but that may be complicated by the value attached to certain assets lost. An example of a naval tactical victory dependent on losses would be the Battle of the Coral Sea. The battle was considered a strategic victory for the Allies because they stopped a Japanese invasion. However, the latter lost fewer valuable ships; the Allies lost one aircraft carrier, one destroyer, and one oil tanker, but the Japanese lost one light carrier and one destroyer and so are considered to have won a tactical victory. Another example of a tactical victory is the Battle off Samar in which American escort carriers, destroyers, and destroyer escorts prevented the Japanese Center Force (of 23 ships, including the battleship Yamato) from destroying the offloading of American transports in Leyte Gulf. During the battle, American ships sank 3 heavy cruisers (combined tonnage of 44,894 tons), damaged 3 heavy cruisers and 1 destroyer; shot down 52 aircraft, and killed more than 2,000 Japanese sailors (more than half of the rescued sailors were lost in the following days after they had been rescued from ships that would later sink from air strikes and surface action). Their American counterparts, however, had 2 escort carriers, 2 destroyers, 1 destroyer escort all sunk (with a combined tonnage of 22,350 tons); 6 escort carriers, 1 destroyer, and 2 destroyer escorts damaged; lost 23 aircraft; and 1,583 sailors killed. See also Decisive victory Strategic victory Pyrrhic victory Notes References Military strategy
23577323	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichopilia%20fragrans	Trichopilia fragrans	Trichopilia fragrans is a species of orchid found from Caribbean to southern tropical America. External links Photos fragrans
23577327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1994–95 Libyan Premier League	Statistics of Libyan Premier League for the 1994–95 season. Overview Al-Ahly (Tripoli) won the championship. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
6902145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andmoreagain	Andmoreagain	"Andmoreagain" is a song written by Arthur Lee and performed by Love. It was first released on their 1967 album Forever Changes. The song was always a part of Lee's concert repertoire, even after disbanding Love. Composition "Andmoreagain" is considered to be a reminiscent of the work of Burt Bacharach, as well as Neil Young's composition "Nowadays Clancy Can't Even Sing." It has a folksy melody and contains major-7th chords. The lyrics consist of free association on Lee's defense mechanisms. Lee has stated that the song is about addiction and sensual temptations. The song is heavily orchestrated with string instrumentation. Lee sings in a crooning voice that has been compared to Johnny Mathis. As on "The Daily Planet," Lee is the only band member to appear. He is joined by Wrecking Crew players Carol Kaye on bass, Don Randi on keyboards, Billy Strange on guitar, and Hal Blaine on drums. Critical reception Critic Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic, called "Andmoreagain" as a "another example of Arthur Lee letting the song he was writing lead him, rather than the other way around". He wrote that "its calm, infectious beauty is, in a word, mesmerizing." Ken Barnes called it "bleakly philosophical" and "apocalyptic". Jim Bickhart of Rolling Stone considered it to be one of the better tracks on the album. Mark Ellingham included the song in The Rough Guide Book of Playlists - 5000 Songs You Must Download in 2007. Dave Thompson ranked "Andmoreagain" number 564 in his list of "1,000 Songs That Rock Your World". In 2002, the Italian Rock Magazine "Il Mucchio Selvaggio" listed the song on its 17 Critics & Their Top 50 Songs. "Rumore" ranked it as the number 296 song of all time. References 1967 songs Love (band) songs Songs written by Arthur Lee (musician) Song recordings produced by Bruce Botnick
6902155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20and%20Let%20Live	Live and Let Live	Live and let live, describes a philosophical principle and, in short, means to live as one pleases, but also to be tolerant and let others live their way. "Live and let live" may refer to: Film Live and Let Live (2013 film), a 2013 documentary film about veganism Live and Let Live (1921 film), a 1921 silent American melodrama film Music "Live and Let Live", a song by Love from their 1967 album Forever Changes Live and Let Live!, a 1988 album by Bobby King and Terry Evans "Live and Let Live", a song by Souls of Mischief from their 1993 album 93 'til Infinity Live and Let Live, an album by South Korean singer Shin Hye-sung Live and Let Live (Twelfth Night album), 1984 Live and Let Live (10cc album), 1977 Other uses Origin or literary use: In Wallenstein's Camp, the 1798 first part of Friedrich Schiller's "Wallenstein" trilogy, it is said of the imperial general Tilly: "His saying was: live and let live." "Live and Let Live", the official motto of Liberland Live and let live (World War I), a system of conflict avoidance used in trench warfare in World War I Live and Let Live, an 1837 novel by Catharine Sedgwick Live and Let Live is also considered the political concept of the Habsburg ruling family, with which they successfully organized their communities for centuries with tolerance and balance in terms of peoples, ethnic groups, languages and religions. See also Live and Let Die (disambiguation)
23577328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedumba%20River	Kedumba River	The Kedumba River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Blue Mountains and Macarthur regions of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Kedumba Creek rises on the eastern side of Walford Park, Katoomba and flows generally south over the Katoomba Cascades, Katoomba Falls, and off the Blue Mountains Range, becoming the Kedumba River below the Three Sisters flowing through the Jamison and Kedumba valleys within the Blue Mountains National Park, before reaching its confluence with the Coxs River within Lake Burragorang. The river descends over its course. See also Gandangara people List of rivers of Australia List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales)
23577329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerripit%20River	Kerripit River	Kerripit River, a perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter district of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Kerripit River rises below Careys Peak in the Barrington Tops within the Great Dividing Range, in the Barrington Tops National Park, and flows generally northeast before reaching its confluence with the Barrington River, north northwest of the village of Berrico. The river descends over its course. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K) List of rivers of Australia References Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Hunter Region Mid-Coast Council
23577332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1995–96 Libyan Premier League	Following are the statistics of the Libyan Premier League for the 1995–96 season. The Libyan Premier League () is the highest division of Libyan football championship, organised by Libyan Football Federation. It was founded in 1963 and features mostly professional players. Overview Al Shat Tripoli won the championship. References Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
44500845	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20international%20presidential%20trips%20made%20by%20Vladimir%20Putin	List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin	This is a list of presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin. During his presidency, which began with his inauguration on May 7, 2000, he has traveled to 50 countries as of March 2008, in addition to many more trips made domestically. Vladimir Putin used to make regular international trips to western Europe such as the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and France among other. However since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24th 2022, he has made less international trips and has stopped visiting western Europe with him being banned from the United States as economic sanctions imposed on Russia. Acting presidency (December 31, 1999–May 6, 2000) First presidency (2000–2008) 2000 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2000: 2001 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2001: 2002 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2002: 2003 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2003: 2004 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2004: 2005 The following are the international trips made by Putin in 2005: 2006 The following are the international trips made by Putin in 2006: 2007 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2007: 2008 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2008: Second presidency (2012–present) 2012 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2012: 2013 The following are the international trips made by Putin in 2013: 2014 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2014: 2015 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2015: 2016 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2016: 2017 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2017: 2018 The following are the international trips made by Putin in 2018: 2019 The following are the international trips made by Putin in 2019: 2020 The following are the international trips made by Putin in 2020: 2021 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2021: 2022 The following are the international trips made by President Putin in 2022: Future trips The following are future international trips to be made by President Putin: Multilateral meetings Vladimir Putin is scheduled to attend the following summits as Russian president. See also List of international presidential trips made by Dmitry Medvedev List of international presidential trips made by Boris Yeltsin List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev References External links Travels of the Putin Presidency in Kremlin.ru archive in the 1st and the 2nd his term as president. International presidential trips Articles containing video clips 21st century-related lists Diplomatic visits from Russia Lists of diplomatic visits by heads of state Russia geography-related lists Russia politics-related lists Diplomatic visits by heads of state
6902174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic%20Foley	Dominic Foley	Dominic Joseph Foley (born 7 July 1976) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for nine clubs in England, finding stability in his late 20s and 30s in Belgium, where he represented two teams. Football career England Foley was born in Cork. In 1995, at the age of 19, he was signed by English First Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers from St. James's Gate. He made his debut on 18 November as a substitute in a 3-1 away loss against Oldham Athletic, but never managed to earn a regular place, and appeared in just 29 competitive matches in four seasons combined at Molineux Stadium. To gain playing time, Foley was loaned several times in the following years, to Watford, Notts County and Greek club Ethnikos Piraeus FC. He eventually moved to Watford, signed by Graham Taylor – who had originally brought him to Wolverhampton – on a free transfer. Foley played 12 times in his first year with the Hornets (one goal), also making his Premier League debut. Even though the campaign ended in relegation, he received his first call-up to the Republic of Ireland national team; his debut came on 30 May 2000 in a 2-1 friendly defeat to Scotland; five days later, his second cap, against Mexico, saw him score the first of his two international goals, with all six appearances coming during the year. Early into 2000–01, Foley netted a last-minute winner against Barnsley, but overall found playing opportunities scarce, being successively loaned by the Vicarage Road side to Queens Park Rangers (two spells), Swindon Town, Southend United and Oxford United. Braga Foley left England in 2003 for Portuguese club S.C. Braga, being scarcely used during one sole season, after which he returned to his country after one decade by signing for Bohemians. He impressed in the team's 2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup game against Belgium's K.A.A. Gent, who bought him soon afterwards. Belgium and later years Foley established at the Jules Ottenstadion, scoring six goals in 25 Belgian First Division A appearances his first season and bettering his totals in the following two campaigns, netting in double digits (respectively ten and 11) as the Flemish club finished fourth and sixth in the table, respectively; additionally, he helped it reach the semi-finals of the Belgian Cup in 2007, scored three goals in that year's UEFA Intertoto Cup to help his team reach the third round, notably netting against Cliftonville F.C. in a 2–0 home win (6–0 on aggregate), and was named club captain at the start of 2007–08. Foley helped Gent reach the final of the domestic cup in 2007–08, opening the score against R.S.C. Anderlecht after just six minutes but eventually losing the match 3-2. The next season, however, new coach Michel Preud'homme rarely used him in his starting eleven and, with the player's contract due to expire, he was sold during the winter break to fellow league side Cercle Brugge KSV. On 22 February 2012, aged nearly 36, Foley returned to his homeland and joined Limerick FC, having been released by Cercle the previous day. Transfer controversies Foley caused controversy in 2005 when he successfully had his contract with Bohemians terminated over the failure of payment by the club of "bonuses". He then signed for Gent which had played against the Irish side only a few weeks before, sparking rumours of secret meetings between player and management after the match. In 2009, Gent accused Cercle Brugge of secret reunions with Foley before he was allowed to engage in conversations in order to discuss his future. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, the former's general manager, Michel Louwagie, claimed the player had discussed a contract before the allowed date of 1 January, saying: "I don't at all appreciate the way Cercle have behaved in relation to Foley. It is against the rules." On 21 January, Cercle announced that Foley had signed a three-year contract with the club, starting in June 2009. On the 27th, however, both clubs agreed on an immediate transfer during the winter transfer window. Honours Limerick League of Ireland First Division: 2012 Munster Senior Cup: 2011–12 References External links 1976 births Living people People from Cork (city) Association footballers from County Cork Republic of Ireland association footballers Association football forwards St James's Gate F.C. players Premier League players English Football League players Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players Watford F.C. players Notts County F.C. players Queens Park Rangers F.C. players Swindon Town F.C. players Southend United F.C. players Oxford United F.C. players League of Ireland players Bohemian F.C. players Limerick F.C. players Super League Greece players Ethnikos Piraeus F.C. players Primeira Liga players S.C. Braga players Belgian First Division A players K.A.A. Gent players Cercle Brugge K.S.V. players Republic of Ireland international footballers Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers Republic of Ireland B international footballers Republic of Ireland expatriate association footballers Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in Greece Expatriate footballers in Portugal Expatriate footballers in Belgium Irish expatriate sportspeople in England Irish expatriate sportspeople in Portugal Irish expatriate sportspeople in Belgium Irish expatriate sportspeople in Greece
23577336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowmung%20River	Kowmung River	The Kowmung River (Gandangara: Barnalay), a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features The Kowmung River is formed by the confluence of the Tuglow and Hollanders rivers near the locality of Tuglow, east southeast of the village of Shooters Hill. The river flows generally southeast and northeast, joined by seven minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Coxs River west of Mount Cookem. The river descends over its course. Approximately seventy per cent of the river's catchment lies within the boundaries of the Blue Mountains and Kanangra-Boyd national parks. Much of the surrounding country is rugged, with steep cliffs and gorges. It is mostly covered by eucalyptus forest with some rainforest in deep ravines. The river is possibly home to the threatened Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica), while the surrounds are home to the endangered species the brush-tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale penicillata), stuttering frog and south-eastern petaltail. Endangered flora found include Hakea dohertyi, Trachymene saniculifolia and Diuris aequalis. Nomenclature The river's name appears to be derived from the local Aboriginal word gummung meaning "sore eyes", likely a term for the condition trachoma. This is possibly because a plant, Centipeda cunninghamii, used by the local people to cure the condition grew along the riverbanks. Surveyor H.C. White recorded the Kowmung name in 1833; however, the Gandangara people called the river Barnalay elsewhere along its course. In his attempt to cross the Blue Mountains in 1802, Francis Barrallier came to the river and followed it to Christys Creek before turning back due to a lack of supplies. Following in Barrallier's footsteps in 1806, George Caley came to the river and named it the Dryander. See also List of rivers of Australia List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) Rivers of New South Wales References Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales) Central Tablelands Oberon Council
6902178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcturus%20moving%20group	Arcturus moving group	In astronomy, the Arcturus moving group or Arcturus stream is a moving group or stellar stream, discovered by Olin J. Eggen (1971), comprising 53 stars moving at 275,000 miles per hour, which includes the nearby bright star Arcturus. It comprises many stars which share similar proper motion and so appear to be physically associated. This group of stars is not in the plane of the Milky Way galaxy, and has been proposed as a remnant of an ancient dwarf satellite galaxy, long since disrupted and assimilated into the Milky Way. It consists of old stars deficient in heavy elements. However, Bensby and colleagues, in analysing chemical composition of F and G dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood, found there was no difference in chemical makeup of stars from the stream, suggesting an intragalactic rather than extragalactic origin. One possibility is that the stream appeared in a manner similar to the Hercules group, which is hypothesized to have formed due to Outer Lindblad Resonance with the Galactic bar. However, it is unclear how this could produce an overdensity of stars in the thick disk. Research from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) at the Australian Astronomical Observatory, headed by Quentin Parker, was the first to quantify the nature of the group, though astronomers had known of its existence for some time. It was first discovered in 1971. Other members include the red giant Kappa Gruis and the M-class stars 27 Cancri, Alpha Vulpeculae and RT Hydrae. See also List of stellar streams References External links Stellar streams Boötes Milky Way
17334094	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservation%20poverty	Reservation poverty	Reservations in the United States, known as Indian reservations, are sovereign Native American territories that are managed by a tribal government in cooperation with the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs, a branch of the Department of the Interior, located in Washington, DC. There are 334 reservations in the United States today. As of 2008, almost a third of Native Americans in the United States live on reservations, totaling approximately 700,000 individuals. About half of all Native Americans living on reservations are concentrated on the ten largest reservations. Reservations vary drastically in their size, population, political economy, culture and traditions. Despite such variation, all reservations share similar histories of colonization, and face similar contemporary challenges. One of these challenges is poverty. In 2010, the poverty rate on US reservations was 28.4 percent, compared with 22 percent among all Native Americans (on and off reservations). The U.S. poverty rate among all groups is much lower, at 12.7 percent as of 2016. In addition to poverty rates, reservations are hindered by education levels significantly lower than the national average. Poor healthcare services, low employment, substandard housing, and deficient economic infrastructure are also persistent problems. Background The official poverty rate on reservations is 28.4 percent, compared with 12.7 nationally. About 36 percent of families with children are below the poverty line on reservations, compared with 9.2 percent of families nationally. These figures are absolute poverty rates as determined by the US Census. In 2010, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $22,113. Some reservations in Washington, California, Wisconsin, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, Arizona, and New Mexico fare worse, with more than 60 percent of residents living in poverty. Income levels on some reservations are extremely low. Five of the lowest per capita incomes in the country are found on reservations. Allen, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, has a low per capita income in the country, at $1,539 per year. The Lummi Nation gives their members zero per capita, even though they have a thriving Casino on their Reservation; the Silver Reef Casino, located 20 minutes from the Canadian Boarder. Overall, the per capita income of American Indians on Reservations is half that of all Americans. The median income on reservations is $14,097, compared to $41,994 nationally. Poverty rates on the ten largest reservations Figures from the 2000 census. Extreme poverty The extreme poverty rate of a population is the percentage of families earning less than half of the poverty threshold. For a family of four in 2010, the extreme poverty threshold was approximately $11,000 or less than $3,000 per person. On large reservations, the extreme poverty rate is as much as six times the national rate. On average, the extreme poverty rate on the largest reservations is almost four times the national rate. A breakdown is provided in the following table. Extreme poverty rates on the ten largest reservations Figures from the 2000 census. Changes over time Historic data on poverty on reservations is extremely limited because of the tumultuous history of gathering data in these areas. American Indians were not included in census counts until 1840. Reservation-specific data was only produced following 1870. In the 1970s, poverty on reservations decreased by as much as 20 percent on many reservations. In the 1980s, however, these gains were lost, and rates rose to levels comparable to those in the 2000. Through 2016, though, rates again rose, and rates in 2000 were very close to those in 1969. Explanations for these fluctuations suggest a need for further research, and careful consideration of how data was gathered, to ensure that figures reflect true changes in poverty rates rather than changes in reporting. Changes in poverty rates on largest reservations Historical data not available for Uintah and Ouray and Tohono O'odham Reservations. Figures from Trosper (1996). Historical factors Early development Following the American Revolution, the United States' strategy for native relations was to purchase Native American land by treaties. The United States also sought to assimilate Native Americans. The reservation system was created following the expansion of the United States into tribal lands. White settlers were considered unable to live alongside native peoples, and so various treaties continually limited the lands Native people were "allowed" to inhabit. This effort started under the presidency of Andrew Jackson with the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which created the first reservations. As forced relocation progressed, many tribes lost access to tribal traditional lifeways, which centered around community living and hunting and gathering. During this violent period, tribes were often forced to move to geographic areas unfamiliar to them, most commonly from Eastern states to Western states. Reservations were created on lands that were deemed worthless to white settlers. Reservations were placed on lands considered resource deficient, unfit for agriculture or cultivation, and which were isolated from urban centers and transportation networks. Mainstream political discourse of this era favored removing tribes from areas populated by or desirable to the white population. During the nineteenth century, many Native American nations resisted forced migration by mounting upheavals which often turned bloody. Known as the American Indian Wars, these battles between American settlers or the United States government and Native Americans culminated in the Massacre at Wounded Knee of 1890, during which US military forces killed more than 150 Lakota men, women, and children. Dawes Act era As the white population began moving West, into the land formerly assigned to tribes, government policy underwent a transformation. In 1887, the Dawes Act was passed. The Dawes Act represented a shift in federal policy towards American Indians. This legislation divided tribal lands into individual parcels to be assigned to individual tribal members. The net result was more land available for non-native settlers, and less land held by American Indians. Policies starting with and following the Dawes act attempted to eliminate native lifeways, cultures, and communities. Political leaders asserted that forcing American Indians to hold private property would assimilate them into American culture. To facilitate assimilation, they were given food, housing, and clothing. The explicit aim of these policies were to forcibly eliminate traditional cultures, and "kill the Indian, save the man". During this era, Native American children were removed from the home and sent to boarding schools, where they were given Western clothes, food, and education. They were allowed little to no communication with families, and siblings were often separated. Boarding school students were prohibited from practicing tribal traditional lifeways and from speaking indigenous languages. In several instances when students were caught maintaining Native culture or language, students were physically abused. Forced assimilation took away the livelihoods of many Native people, without providing anything in its place. Tribal members were prohibited from making a living through hunting, fishing, and arts. Furthermore, native people who provided educational, religious, medical, and culinary services to their communities were replaced with non-native, government and Church-sponsored individuals. In the early twentieth century, tribes were further hindered by the Indian Reorganization Act, which imposed particular forms of governance and organization for tribal leadership. Traditional systems of social and political organization were replaced by forced constitutional forms and acted as a tool for further assimilation. Forced assimilation policies explicitly aimed to forcibly strip Native people of their history, identities and their livelihoods. Because the land on which reservations were created tended to be barren, resource deficient land, there was little chance of developing economically viable agricultural enterprises. Prohibition of tribal traditional lifeways combined with the remote locations of the reservations created very few opportunities for economic solvency within reservations and for very few opportunities for economic interaction with white settlements. Contemporary policy In the last half-century, the principle guiding federal Native American policy became self-determination. The logic of this principle is to let tribes set their own policies, set their own visions, and determine their own futures. It was largely inspired by American Indian activists since the 1970s. Self-determination recognizes reservations as sovereign nations within US boundaries, meaning they are able to make and enforce their own laws and regulations, are independent from states' laws and regulations, and must abide by most federal laws. Almost all boarding schools were eliminated and replaced with a combination of federally and locally managed day schools. Assistance programs aimed at forcing cultural change on tribal members were replaced with general assistance programs comparable to those available to the general population. However, by the time these changes occurred, traditional cultures had been severely and violently reduced, local economies had not been developed, families had been broken apart, and the stage for persistent poverty was set. Self-determination represented an important ideological shift in government policy, but did not change conditions of poverty and limited opportunities. Concentration Effects The history of the reservation system has resulted in concentrated poverty. Regardless of urbanicity, areas of concentrated poverty tend to have higher crime rates, underperforming schools, poor housing, poor health conditions, limited private services, and few job opportunities. In addition, residents of these areas must contend with a geographic separation from areas of opportunity. Sociologist Gary Sandefur has called reservations the "first underclass areas" because of their concentrated poverty, high unemployment, and low educational attainment levels. Sociologist Loïc Wacquant has described reservations as areas of "socio-spatial seclusion," where residents are corralled and isolated, and that the reservations were created to immobilize native peoples. Employment The official unemployment rate on reservations as of the 2000 census was 14 percent, but there is much variation. Reservations nearer urban centers, especially on the East Coast, tend to have employment rates similar to or higher than the national average. On many large, rural reservations, though, a majority of adults are unemployed or out of the workforce. On reservations in California, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Florida, Washington, New Mexico, Nebraska, Montana, and Alaska, reservation unemployment rates are above 25 percent. On some California reservations, the number exceeds 75 percent. Out of the adult population without jobs, unemployment rates only include those who are both able to work and are actively looking for work. On reservations, a much larger portion is out of the labor force entirely, meaning they either are unable to work or are not actively looking for employment. Because of the severity of the lack of employment opportunities, many residents are not actively seeking work. People tend to hear of job opportunities through informal networks, rather than through conventional postings and applications. As such, an individual might be desiring employment, but not take the proactive steps needed to be defined as "looking for work." Some researchers have suggested that asking reservation residents if they seek job opportunities when they occur would be a more accurate measure of unemployment than asking if they had applied for work recently. Unemployment Rates on the Ten Largest Reservations Figures from the 2000 census. There are very few jobs available on the reservation. Schools are the biggest employer, followed by various public service positions with the postal service, commodity and provisions office, and tribal police forces. Troublesomely, the lack of quality educational systems and job opportunities has created a reservation workforce that lacks the training and education demanded by many professions. Because reservation residents have not had the opportunity to receive formal training and credentialing, they are often not eligible for what few jobs are available. Even tribal leadership and administrative positions are occasionally staffed by individuals from off the reservation, or from other reservations, because of required levels of training or experience. Rural areas tend to lack jobs with promotion opportunities, and rural residents often must migrate to cities for employment and advancement opportunity. However, reservation residents rarely are able to meet the educational and requirements of jobs off the reservation, and in addition, often encounter discrimination from employers who are hesitant to hire reservation natives. The lack of formally educated, experienced workers and entrepreneurs also opens reservations up to exploitation from outside firms looking to capitalize on the resources of reservation land. Although this land is often incredibly isolated geographically and absent of natural resources or productive potential, some areas do hold potential for development. Such development, though, requires a substantial amount be invested at the onset to build necessary infrastructure. Tribes are at a disadvantage, not having the resources or specialists needed. As such, they contract development out to firms off the reservation, who keep a great majority of the profits. Although the tribe usually receives a nominal amount of profits, they lose the rights to their land and the potential for truly sovereign development. The rule of native lands by non-natives off the reservation is particularly prevalent on many large reservations in the Midwest and Rocky Mountain regions. Although the land provides opportunity for ranching, few reservation residents possess the capital required to raise cattle. Instead, they lease the land to non-native ranchers for minimal amounts. As the reservation residents do not have alternative ways of making money on the reservation, ranchers can drive the lease rates down to mere dollars a year. Education The boarding school system had the doubly negative effect of inadequately educating a generation of reservation youth while simultaneously fostering a resentment of formal education. Through the boarding school era, Westernized education was synonymous with cultural destruction. Even since the abolition of boarding schools, levels of formal educational attainment have remained very low. Overall, just over half of the adults on reservations have a high school diploma. Reservation residents' high school graduation rate is half that of all American Indians in the United States. On the Gila River Reservation in Arizona, which has one of the lowest educational attainment levels in the country, barely one third of adults possess this credential. On reservations, more individuals have less than a ninth grade education than have a college diploma. More than 10 percent lack any high school education. It is not uncommon on reservations in California and New Mexico to have more than half the population with less than a ninth grade education. In North Dakota, Nevada, California, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming, many reservations have over three quarters of their population without high school degrees. This is compared to 12 percent nationwide. Banking institutions There are few commercial banks or lending institutions located on reservations. Reservations are generally seen as very high-risk areas to place financial institutions, because of the lack of potential investors and overall dearth of economic activity. As of 2008, there were only six banks and seven credit unions operated by American Indians on reservations. Without formal financial institutions, many reservation residents are unable to save or invest what income they do have, and do not have access to loans for homes, cars, or businesses. Due to the lack of commercial establishments, non-cash transactions are common on some reservations. Although a bartering system can function within the reservation community, it inhibits economic interaction with those off the reservation or on other reservations, meaning, non-cash economies serve to further isolate reservation residents from the national or global economy. Geographic isolation For employment, education, and financial opportunity, many reservation residents are expected to leave the reservation. However, reservations were placed intentionally far from urban centers, and many of the roads serving these areas are substandard. Many key roads were never designed or built for vehicular traffic. According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, only 15% of the nearly 28,000 miles of reservation roads are in acceptable conditions and pass current safety regulations. Furthermore, almost a quarter of reservation households do not have access to a vehicle. However, barely one percent of reservation residents rely on any kind of public transportation. Although the federal government has made funds available to improve transportation on reservations, local transportation authorities have not taken advantage of these monies. These local authorities often lack the human capital needed to engineer and carry out improvements. The lack of safe roads and adequate transportation further isolates reservation communities and strengthens the neighborhood effects of concentrated poverty. Problematic behaviors The rate of violent crime on reservations is more than twice the national average. Although not heavily studied, gang violence is a problem on the Navajo and Pine Ridge Reservations. The extent to such activity on other reservations is a topic for future inquiry, although almost one fourth of a national sample of reservation residents report gang activity in their communities. The use of drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes on reservations is also higher than national averages. This is especially true among youth, with the rate of youth drug use among reservation populations more than twice that of the general population. The suicide rate among reservation residents is twice that of the general population, suggesting the troubling psychological impact of living in areas of extreme and concentrated poverty. In fact, among youth ages 15–24, suicide is the leading cause of death on reservations. Government assistance Types of assistance Reservation residents are eligible for all federal social assistance programs, including Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and food stamp programs. In addition, Food Distribution on Indian Reservations (FDPIR), often called "commodities," provides in-kind handouts of food. This program is the result of treaties established in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that included provisions that the government would provide food and shelter for tribal members. Each reservation has a commodities office, from which monthly food supplies are given out. Unfortunately, this food tends to be nonperishable, heavy on simple starches, and nutritionally deficient, thus contributing to high rates of obesity and diabetes on reservations. Public assistance does not effectively reduce poverty on the reservation. Although it may keep many families from being completely unable to survive, it does not build economies, reinstitute cultural institutions, or create a source of pride for reservation residents. Percent receiving aid The percent of reservation residents eligible for government aid tends to be much higher than that of the general population. On the ten largest reservations, the percent of residents receiving cash assistance ranges from four to fifteen times the national average. In addition, a higher portion of reservation residents are eligible for Supplemental Security Income. On average, ten percent of the population on the largest reservations are eligible for SSI benefits, compared with eight percent of all Americans. The percentage of reservation residents eligible for social security benefits is comparable to that of the national population. Problems with existing data Relatively little current, valid data exists about today's reservations. Annual demographic surveys generally do not have a large enough reservation-based sample to present data. Researchers gathering data on American Indians rarely differentiate between reservation residents and non-reservation residents, even though there are huge differences in lifestyles and often much tension between the groups. Furthermore, the rural nature of many reservations, the lack of available contact information and telephone numbers, protective rules by tribal councils, and a distrust of outsiders present data collection challenges. Lastly, an overwhelming majority of research focuses on the Pine Ridge and Navajo Reservations, suggesting a need for more comparative analyses of conditions on individual reservations. Government Assistance on the Ten Largest Reservations Figures from the 2000 census. Local reform efforts The federal government allows tribes some authority in creating their own versions of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) with federal monies. Such programs must abide by federal regulations, such as the 60-month limitation, but may incorporate aspects of culture and tradition into the requirements for aid. Economist Elizabeth Zahrt Geib stressed the potential for tribes to define work for purposes of welfare distribution to include traditional tasks and arts more in line with native lifestyles before the reservation system was created. The Tanana Chiefs Conference of Alaska and the Lac du Flambeau Bank of Lake Superior Chippewa of Wisconsin have already included hunting and fishing as work activities for purposes of welfare distribution. In addition, locally controlled welfare programs usually mean much easier application processes and increased accessibility to offices, allowing a greater number of eligible individuals to become recipients. The amount of money made available to tribes is calculated from the amount that individual states made available to reservation residents in years prior. Unfortunately, many states did not educate reservation residents on procedures for applying for aid, meaning that the number of receiving individuals was less than the number of eligible individuals, and limiting the amount currently made available. Anti-poverty programs Across the country, individuals and organizations both on and off reservations are fighting to reduce the poverty discussed above. Most efforts have focused on gaming casinos, tribal economic entrepreneurship, and cultural revival. Environmental protection efforts Reservations in relatively close proximity to urban areas have become sites for waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs), adding environmental degradation to the landscape of poverty. Living in proximity to high levels of pollution or industrial facilities has been linked to serious short-term and long-term health impacts. In what is perhaps the most negative use of Native American lands, the federal government has used reservations for nuclear testing and nuclear waste disposal. Uranium mining, uranium conversion and enrichment, and nuclear weapons testing have all occurred on reservation lands in the past century. After creating the Nevada Test Site on Western Shoshone lands in Nevada, the federal government tested over one thousand atomic weapons on Western Shoshone land between the 1950-90s. The Western Shoshone people call themselves the "most bombed nation on the planet." Similar activities happened on Paiute Shoshone lands as well. For Native American nations, environmental justice on reservations is more than the enforcement of equitable protection of human health and natural resources, it is also a matter of tribal sovereignty, self determination, and redistribution of power. The field of environmental justice (EJ) focuses on measuring and mitigating patterns of disproportionate exposure to environmental pollutants and health hazards, has been a useful ally for Native nations in the fight against environmental degradation on reservations. Over the past several decades, EJ communities, researchers and activists have used varied methodology to measure the disparate siting and long-term health effects of locally unwanted land uses, waste treatment facilities, and other noxious point sources of pollution in relation to communities of color and other socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Native governments on reservations have used their legal "Treatment as State" status with the Federal government to mount EJ claims with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in several cases to successfully legally push back against pollution and environmental degradation on their lands . However, many Native activists argue that a seat at the table "does not ensure a comparable serving of the environmental protection pie" Influence of casinos Indian gaming casinos are often considered a potential solution to reservation poverty. Because reservations are exempt from many federal and state regulations, including those prohibiting gambling, tribes are able to operate commercial casinos on reservations. These casinos can provide jobs on the reservation, attract tourists, and bring in money for tribes to fund education, health, and social service programs. The Ojibwe of Minnesota have built two schools, the Choctaw of Oklahoma have built a new hospital, and the Pueblo of New Mexico have rebuilt their water system, all using casino profits. Other tribes fund child and elder care programs, health services, fire and police protection, and housing development with gambling earnings. Casinos also provide much-needed job opportunities on reservations. In 1989, average levels of unemployment on reservations was above 30 percent. In the next decade, that rate dropped to 13 percent on reservations with casinos, while remaining stagnant on reservations without casinos. Casinos' impact on overall economic conditions, however, is limited. Through the 1990s, the number of reservation residents eligible for public assistance programs increased across most reservations. Although the rate of increase was slightly less on reservations that had casinos, the casinos were unable to reverse trends of worsening poverty. There are a number of factors explaining why casinos have done little to change living conditions on many reservations, despite the income they bring in. First, a relatively small number of casinos bring in the majority of casino income. In the 1990s, ten casinos brought in more than half the earned money, and 20 percent of casinos brought in more than 80 percent of earnings. Those that are most financially successful tend to be small reservations with relatively few inhabitants located near metropolitan areas that do not have as high poverty rates as larger, more rural reservations, which hold a much greater portion of the nations' reservation inhabitants. Many of the reservations facing the most dire poverty also are the most geographically isolated, meaning outside tourists rarely travel to the casinos. Instead, they are visited by reservation residents. Depending on the profit distribution plan of the tribe, this can result in a redistribution of income from many to a few, and a fractionalization of the reservation population between those who spend at casinos and those who earn from them. When reservation residents spend portions of their sometimes very sparse incomes gambling, casinos can serve to exacerbate rather than relieve conditions of poverty. This is especially true when a casino's income is sent off the reservation, as is frequently the case when tribal governments must rely on outside investors to build casinos. These non-native investors often take substantial portions of the profits for years following construction to repay their initial contributions. Beyond initial investments, some casinos rely on outside management companies for day-to-day operations. Currently, fifteen percent of casino revenues go to such management firms. Beyond limited economic efficacy, casinos have faced criticism on cultural grounds. Some tribal leaders have raised concerns that gambling goes against cultural beliefs and values, and is not a solid cultural foundation for native economic development. Without culturally sensitive investment in education and job creation, they assert, conditions of poverty will not change. Economic development Some have suggested that private enterprise originating on the reservation is the key to poverty alleviation. Once a critical mass of business exists, jobs will be created. By keeping the circulation of money on the reservation, economies will grow. Currently, there are 236,691 businesses in the US owned by American Indians and Alaskan Natives, most located off reservations. Although 1.5 percent of the population identifies as American Indian or Alaskan Native, these businesses represent less than one percent of all businesses in the nation. Native-owned businesses tend to be very small, with only 10 percent of them having any employees, and only 162 having more than 100 employees. However, trends suggest the number of natively owned businesses is growing. The number has risen 18 percent in the past decade, and native-business profits rose nearly 30 percent. Some Native entrepreneurs have brought economic development to their reservations. Small businesses thrive on reservations throughout the country. For example, the Native American Natural Foods Company of Kyle, South Dakota, on Pine Ridge produces energy bars using buffalo meat and cranberries that are sold in gourmet grocery stores throughout the country. They serve as a model for other reservation-based businesses. An artists' cooperative on the Siletz Reservation in Oregon sells Native artwork and is staffed by young reservation residents, providing the artists with business and the employees with important work experience. In some areas, reservation residents have developed professional networks to share resources as they develop businesses. For example, four tribes in Oregon created the Oregon Native American Business and Entrepreneurial Network, which offers training to assist tribal members start, fund, and operate business ventures. The organization has assisted more than 10,000 individuals since its founding in 1993. Unfortunately, for every successful business, there are many that are not able to sustain themselves, and many more ideas without the resources needed to implement them. Alaska Native Corporations The federal government has taken an active role in fostering business on native lands through the creation of Alaska Native Corporations (ANCs). These corporations, created by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, were created to settle land disputes with Alaska Natives. Rather than creating reservations, the government divided Alaskan lands into corporations, each of which owns a segment of land on which tribal members reside. In addition to owning tribal lands, these corporations have a business relationship with the government, who can contract with them for any number of tasks. Alaskan corporations have held federal contracts to deal with defense, sexual harassment regulation, and more. Such contracts have not brought substantial money or economic activity to Alaska. Frequently, large, non-natively owned corporations in the continental United States will subcontract with the Alaskan Native Corporations. Due to the circumstances of their creation, contracts with ANCs are free from much of the regulation conventional contractors face, such as requirements for competitive bidding and spending caps. As such, the subcontractors are able to avoid regulation, while only passing on a very small portion of funds to the native shareholders of the Alaskan Native Corporation. In practice, the Alaskan Native Corporation system has done little to reduce poverty among Alaska's natives despite its effort to provide tribes with opportunities for economic activity. Business challenges on reservations There are many challenges facing business leaders on reservations. As discussed above, the substandard educational system leaves many aspiring entrepreneurs without necessary skills to fulfill their visions. The concentration of poverty and geographic isolation of many reservations severely limits the human capital from which business owners may draw to develop their business plans. The lack of disposable income of residents, furthermore, leaves reservation businesses with a limited customer base, while the shortcomings of telecommunications technologies can prevent expansion beyond reservation borders. In addition to material challenges facing economic development, some have criticized the ideological view of business ownership and development as solutions to reservation poverty. These critics have stated that conventional capitalist business plans run counter to many Native traditions, which stress community and interdependence rather than individualism and competition. It is often noted that the reservation system needs change. Some have asserted that the entire system needs to be eliminated, but disagree on what should take its place. Anthropologist Shuichi Nagata has stated that both the reservations and modern American cities clash with traditional Native lifestyles. What is needed, he writes, is something separate from either that combines the cultural richness of reservations with the opportunity of contemporary urban centers. See also Modern social statistics of Native Americans Native Americans and reservation inequality Alcohol and Native Americans Methamphetamine and Native Americans Native American disease and epidemics Impact of Native American gaming Administration: Native American reservation politics Native American gambling enterprises Former Indian Reservations in Oklahoma General: Native American self-determination Tribal disenrollment Tribal sovereignty New World Syndrome References Native American topics Native American health Poverty in the United States American Indian reservations
17334095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallabi%20Limestone	Wallabi Limestone	Wallabi Limestone is the name given to the dense calcretised, limestone platform that underlies the Wallabi Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, an archipelago off the coast of Western Australia. This platform, which arises abruptly from a flat shelf, is about 40 metres thick, and is of marine biogenic origin, having originated as a coral reef. It reached its maximum size during the Eemian Stage (about 125,000 years ago), when sea levels were higher than at present. The subsequent fall in sea level resulted in the reef becoming emergent in places, thus forming the basement of the group's "central platform" islands, namely West Wallabi Island, East Wallabi Island and North Island. References See also List of types of limestone Limestone formations Geologic formations of Australia Geology of Western Australia Houtman Abrolhos Pleistocene Australia
23577338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krui%20River	Krui River	Krui River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Krui River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Oxleys Peak, at Mount Palmer and flows generally southwest, joined by six minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River near Comiala Flat. The river descends over its course. Near the village of Collaroy, the Golden Highway crosses the Krui River. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia Goulburn River National Park References External links Water Sharing Rules: Krui River Water Source from the NSW Office of Water Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Hunter Region Upper Hunter Shire
44500867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic%20Dodgertown	Historic Dodgertown	Historic Dodgertown is a multi-sport facility in Vero Beach, Florida where athletes of all ages and skill levels have the opportunity to train, play, and stay together. The facility which includes the historic Holman Stadium was originally created as a Navy housing base, and was transformed into the home of spring training for Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team, as well as the Vero Beach Dodgers from 1980 to 2006, and the Vero Beach Devil Rays from 2007 to 2008. It has since evolved into a multi-sport destination that includes an option of room and board via their on-site villas. History Historic Dodgertown was originally built as a Navy housing base for all of the members of the Navy and Marines that trained at the US Naval Air Station during World War II that was located directly across the street. When Branch Rickey began looking for a permanent spring training site in 1948 he was introduced to a large area of land in Vero Beach, Florida by Bud Holman, a local businessman, as the perfect place to host a fully contained training camp for the Major League club as well as the other 26 minor league teams. The Dodgers and the city of Vero Beach ended up coming to an initial five-year lease agreement that included the naming of the property as "Dodger Town". A stadium was completed in 1953. The Los Angeles Dodgers eventually left Vero Beach, Florida for a new spring training home in Arizona after the 2008 spring training season ended. Once the Los Angeles Dodgers departed, Historic Dodgertown closed its doors and shut down due to financial instability. Minor League Baseball reopened the facilities and renamed it Vero Beach Sports Village. That change did not last long as they were set to close again in 2012. Then Peter O'Malley with the help of his sister Terry O’Malley Seidler and two ex-Dodgers pitchers Chan Ho Park and Hideo Nomo reinvested into Historic Dodgertown. Historic Dodgertown became a Florida Heritage Landmark on November 10, 2014. In 2019, Dodgertown became the first sports facility to be added to U.S. Civil Rights Trail. Modern use Historic Dodgertown is a multi-sport destination facility that hosts all levels of a variety of sports including professional teams. Some notable teams that Historic Dodgertown has played host to include: High School and college baseball teams utilize the complex heavily from February through April as a spring break destination as they prepare for their season. Montreal Alouettes and former NFL player Chad Johnson utilized Historic Dodgertown's facilities for their mini-camp program. Chad Johnson was a member of the team at the time and was present during mini-camp during their stay. The team returned the following year for mini-camp in April 2015 as well. Edmonton Eskimos utilized Historic Dodgertown's facilities for their mini-camp program in April 2015. SK Wyverns of the Korea Baseball Organization based in Incheon brought their program to Historic Dodgertown in February 2015. The SK Wyverns are a South Korean based team and are linked to a founding partner of Historic Dodgertown Chan Ho Park who is from South Korea. Historic Dodgertown yearly tournaments Treasure Coast Presidents's Day Challenge - Holiday weekend tournament beginning in February that takes place over President's Day or classically referred to as Washington's Birthday. Memorial Day Invitational - Holiday weekend tournament taking place in May over Memorial Day. Legends Classic - Week-long tournament in late June that includes a cookout and skills challenge hosted by Historic Dodgertown. Independence Day Classic - Holiday weekend tournament during Independence Day (United States). All Star Classic - Week-long tournament hosted in the beginning of August. Labor Day Beach Bash - Holiday weekend tournament over Labor Day Executives Peter O'Malley - President and CEO, Historic Dodgertown Terry O'Malley Seidler - Founding Partner Chan Ho Park - Founding Partner Hideo Nomo - Founding Partner Craig Callan - Senior Vice President Jeff Biddle - Vice President Steve Snure - Vice President Ruth Ruiz - Director, Marketing and Communications Jackie Robinson Celebration Game This game hosts two Class A Florida State League teams every year on April 15, to commemorate the date in which Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball. On April 15, 2014, the Lakeland Flying Tigers and Brevard County Manatees participated in the first professional regular season game at Holman Stadium since the Vero Beach Devil Rays departed Vero Beach after the 2008 season. The Brevard County Manatees and St. Lucie Mets participated in the Second Annual Jackie Robinson Celebration Game on April 15, 2015, to a near capacity crowd of 5,915 spectators. MLB Elite Development Invitational Major League Baseball, USA Baseball, and the Major League Baseball Players Association hosted their first Elite Development Invitational at Historic Dodgertown. This event was created and implemented by MLB for the purpose of revitalizing youth baseball across the United States and Canada. The 150 players invited were ages 13–16 years old from major cities across the United States. The kids were brought to Vero Beach, Florida to develop and hone their skills by some of the best players to play in the MLB. The list of coaches includes: Maury Wills - "The National League's MVP Award winner in 1962. He won three World Series titles, two Gold Glove Awards and earned seven All-Star berths. He stole 104 bases in 1962, which was a Major League record at the time." Lee Smith - "Seven-time All-Star pitcher, who held the Major League career saves record for more than a decade before he was passed by Trevor Hoffman in 2006. Smith, at 6-feet-6 and 265 pounds, was a dominant force in baseball throughout the 1980s and '90s." Dusty Baker - "Former outfielder Dusty Baker, who helped the Dodgers win the World Series in 1981. He was a two-time All-Star, won two Silver Slugger Awards, one Gold Glove and one NL Championship Series MVP Award. He was also a three-time Manager of the Year, taking the Giants, Reds and Cubs to the postseason." The coaching staff included numerous current and former major league baseball players. MLB executives visit On July 28, 2015, MLB commissioner Rob Manfred visited the camp and spoke to the young participants. Joining him were Harold Reynolds of the MLB Network, CEO and President of Minor League Baseball Pat O'Conner, and Hall of Fame manager Joe Torre. With his visit, Manfred became the 9th Commissioner of Baseball to have visited. References External links Baseball venues in Florida Major League Baseball Los Angeles Dodgers 1948 establishments in Florida Sports complexes in Florida
6902187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrox%20Mystique	Matrox Mystique	The Mystique and Mystique 220 were 2D, 3D, and video accelerator cards for personal computers designed by Matrox, using the VGA connector. The original Mystique was introduced in 1996, with the slightly upgraded Mystique 220 having been released in 1997. History Matrox had been known for years as a significant player in the high-end 2D graphics accelerator market. Cards they produced were Windows accelerators, and the company's Millennium card, released in 1995, supported MS-DOS as well. In 1996 Next Generation called Millenium "the definitive 2D accelerator." With regard to 3D acceleration, Matrox stepped forward in 1994 with their Impression Plus. However, that card only could accelerate a very limited feature set, and was primarily targeted at CAD applications. The Impression could not perform hardware texture mapping, for example, requiring Gouraud shading or lower-quality techniques. Very few games took advantage of the 3D capabilities of Impression Plus, with the only known games being the three titles that were bundled with the card in its '3D Superpack' CD bundle: 3D fighting game, Sento by 47 Tek; 3D space combat game, IceHawk by Amorphous Designs, and Specter MGA (aka Specter VR) by Velocity. The newer Millennium card also contained 3D capabilities similar to the Impression Plus, and was nearly as limited. Without support for texturing, the cards were very limited in visual enhancement capability. The only game to be accelerated by the Millennium was the CD-ROM version of NASCAR Racing, which received a considerable increase in speed over software rendering but no difference in image quality. The answer to these limitations, and Matrox's first attempt at targeting the consumer gaming PC market, would be the Matrox Mystique. It was based heavily on the Millennium but with various additions and some cost-cutting measures. Overview The Mystique was a 64-bit 2D GUI and video accelerator (MGA1064SG) with 3D acceleration support. Mystique has "Matrox Simple Interface" (MSI) rendering API. It was one of many early products by add-in graphics board vendors that attempted to achieve good combined 2D & 3D performance for consumer-level personal computers. The board used a 64-bit SGRAM memory interface (Synchronous Graphics RAM) instead of the more expensive WRAM (Window RAM) aboard the Matrox Millennium. SGRAM offered performance approaching WRAM, but it was cheaper. Mystique came in configurations ranging from 2 MB SGRAM up to 8 MB. Mystique also had various ports on the card for memory expansion and additional hardware peripherals. The 8 MB configuration used the memory expansion module. Add-on cards from Matrox included the Rainbow Runner Video, a board offering MPEG-1 and AVI video playback with video inputs and outputs. The other add-on was called Rainbow Runner TV, an ISA-based TV tuner card for watching TV on PC. Mystique's 2D performance was very close to that of the much more expensive Millennium card, especially at XGA 1024x768 resolution and lower, where the SGRAM bandwidth was not a performance hindrance. The Mystique used an internal 170 MHz RAMDAC, reduced from the external 220 MHz RAMDAC onboard Millennium, making it the first Matrox video processor using an internal RAMDAC. The frequency reduction affected the maximum refresh rate the card could run at high resolutions, crippling the Mystique for users of displays running UXGA 1600x1200, for example. Its 2D performance was measured as excellent, beating its peers such as the S3 ViRGE-based and the ATI Mach64-based video cards. Mystique was Matrox's most feature-rich 3D accelerator in 1997, but still lacked key features including bilinear filtering, fogging, and anti-aliasing support. Instead, the Mystique uses nearest-neighbor interpolation, causing heavy pixelization in textures, and stippled textures for transparency. Without mipmapping support, textures in the distance appear to "swim", waving around and appearing "noisy", because the texture detail wasn't being properly managed and this caused texture aliasing. The company's reasoning for not including the higher-quality features was that performance was more important than visual quality. At the time, semiconductor fabrication processes and 3D hardware architecture design expertise was limited. Including bilinear filtering would have incurred a significant cost in the chip's transistor budget for more computational resources and potentially reduce graphics core clock speed and performance due to a larger chip design. There was also the manufacturing cost consideration that comes with a larger processor size. Matrox's words were not without weight because the Mystique did handily outperform the other 2D/3D boards at the time, such as S3 ViRGE and early ATI Rage products, although its visual quality was lower than those accelerators. In general, compared to its peers, the Matrox Mystique was a competent board with its own set of advantages and disadvantages as was typical in this era of early 3D accelerators. It performed well for an early 2D/3D combo card, but it had questionable 3D visual quality. Its 2D support rivaled the best cards available for performance and quality, however. It was not uncommon to pair up the Mystique or another Matrox card with a 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics 3D-only board because the Voodoo cards were the fastest and most well-supported 3D accelerators at the time. Detractors, however, referred to the card as the "Matrox Mystake". Driver support for the Mystique was robust at launch. The card directly supported all of Microsoft's operating systems including MS-DOS, Windows 3.1x, Windows 95, and Windows NT. Mystique also supported IBM's OS/2 operating system. The retail version of Mystique included 3 3D game titles, including: MechWarrior 2 Mystique edition, Destruction Derby 2, and Scorched Planet. Mystique 220 Matrox released a newer version of the Mystique in 1997. The name gives the only significant change, that being the RAMDAC running at 220 MHz . This made the Mystique equivalent to the original Millennium for high-resolution 2D resolution support. The chip on the board was called MGA1164SG instead of MGA1064SG (original Mystique) as well. Otherwise, the card was identical in feature-set to the original Mystique and offered almost identical performance. A special business-oriented version of Mystique 220, called Mystique 220 Business, was launched as well. This card came with a different software bundle targeting business users and excluding the games. The actual hardware was identical. Legacy The memory and internal RAMDAC programming interface lived on in MGA-G100 and later processors, until the introduction of Matrox Parhelia. Competing 2D/3D chipsets ATI Rage Rendition Vérité V1000 S3 ViRGE NVIDIA NV1 References External links MatroxUsers Forum Graphics chips Graphics cards
44500871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Lund	Jens Lund	Jens Martin Victor Lund (18 November 1871, Copenhagen – 10 June 1924, Hellerup) was a Danish painter, designer and graphic artist. Studies His father was a cabinetmaker for the Royal Court. He left school in 1886, after the loss of both of his parents left him with a nervous ailment, and became a student of the painter, . Although he also studied silviculture and law, he eventually decided to focus on art as a career. He was married in 1893 to the daughter of a local catechist. He spent a year working with Jens Jensen-Egeberg, but his greatest inspiration came during a stay in Paris from 1896 to 1899, when he studied at the Académie Julian with Tony Robert-Fleury and became acquainted with his fellow Danish artists, Rudolph Tegner, Johannes Holbek and Niels Hansen Jacobsen. This was followed by a long series of travels; many in the company of Tegner. His trips included Italy (1901-1903 and 1905-1907), Greece (1902), Spain and Morocco (1905), Bruges (1909) and Gotland (1910). Throughout his work, he attempted to forge a connection between writing and graphic expression; publishing two works with text to advance his goal: Livets Skov (1901) and Forvandlede Blomster (1899). Asger Jorn considered some of his early works to be forerunners of Surrealism. His later works were more naturalistic. In an unpublished memoir, Mindet og Nuet (1921), he described the life of the Danish art community in Paris and their attraction to Symbolism and Art Nouveau. He was president of the Graphic Arts Society from 1921 until his death. Among his numerous book illustrations are those for Brand by Henrik Ibsen, Bruges-la-Morte by Georges Rodenbach (translated by Lund and his wife) and Les Fleurs du Mal by Charles Baudelaire. Gallery References External links 1871 births 1924 deaths 19th-century Danish painters Danish male painters 20th-century Danish painters 20th-century Danish illustrators Artists from Copenhagen Symbolist painters Art Nouveau painters 19th-century Danish male artists 20th-century Danish male artists
23577341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397%20Libyan%20Premier%20League	1996–97 Libyan Premier League	The 1996–97 Libyan Premier League was the 29th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. The league featured 25 teams, split into two groups, one of 13 and another of 12. The top team in each of these groups went into a one-off playoff match to decide the championship. Tahaddy won the league, defeating Mahalla 2–0 to secure their third title. They have not won the league since. League table Group A Group B Playoff Played on August 8, 1997, at 28 March Stadium, Benghazi Tahaddy 2–0 Mahalla References Libya – List of final tables (RSSSF) Libyan Premier League seasons 1 Libya
6902188	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Red%20Telephone%20%28song%29	The Red Telephone (song)	"The Red Telephone" is a song written by Arthur Lee and first released by Love on their 1967 album Forever Changes. Lyrics and music According to legend, the house that the members of Love lived in had a red telephone, although the song lyrics do not relate to this. "The Red Telephone" is built on a set of folk-inspired chords. The song has been compared to Syd Barrett-era Pink Floyd. Themes of the song include race, imprisonment, and death. It contains a harpsichord and 12-string guitar, and has an ominous feel. "Sometimes my life is so eerie," Lee sings, but then inverts the dark mood with "and if you think I'm happy / Paint me white." Reception Allmusic's Matthew Greenwald called "The Red Telephone" "exquisite" and wrote, "it's one of the more engaging and interesting songs on Love's Forever Changes album." Ken Barnes called it "bleakly philosophical" and "apocalyptic". Jim Bickhart of Rolling Stone gave it a mixed review, writing "it contains both excellent and mediocre portions." Jocelyn Manchec listed the song among the 2000 songs for your MP3 Player. In 2002 the Italian Rock Magazine "Il Mucchio Selvaggio" listed the song on its 17 Critics & Their Top 50 Songs. References 1967 songs Love (band) songs Songs written by Arthur Lee (musician) Song recordings produced by Bruce Botnick
17334108	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbors%3A%20The%20Destruction%20of%20the%20Jewish%20Community%20in%20Jedwabne%2C%20Poland	Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland	Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland is a 2000 book by Princeton University historian Jan T. Gross exploring the July 1941 Jedwabne massacre committed against Polish Jews by their non-Jewish neighbors in the village of Jedwabne in Nazi-occupied Poland. The book was first published in Polish as Sąsiedzi: Historia zagłady żydowskiego miasteczka (lit. Neighbors: The History of Destruction of a Jewish Town). An English translation was published in 2001. Background In 1988 Polish filmmaker Agnieszka Arnold went to Jedwabne with a film-crew and produced two documentaries based on interviews with the local villagers. Gdzie mój starszy syn Kain (1999, “Where Is My Older Son Cain”) was inspired by an ongoing debate in the Polish print media. The second one, Sąsiedzi (2001, “Neighbors”), was aired by the Polish TVP II Channel. Gross has said that watching Arnold's films inspired him to write his book. With her approval, he used her transcriptions of interviews, in addition to other materials, and her second film title for the title of his book. Arnold was unhappy about the effects of the book on the Jedwabne people. Content and impact The book describes the perpetration of the massacre by Polish civilians (a fact first noted by Szymon Datner in 1966), refuting a common notion that the perpetrators were the German occupation forces. The debate that ensued in the media prompted the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) to open a forensic investigation, which confirmed parts of Gross's findings. The IPN's report stated that "[depositions] made by witnesses confirm complicity of both Germans and Polish inhabitants of the town," and that "residents of Jedwabne and its environs, of Polish nationality, committed these acts." However, it concluded that Gross's estimate of 1,600 victims "seems highly unlikely," giving a plausible range of 250 to 340 victims. Other historians have suggested anything from 600 to close to 1,000 victims. At the time of the book's publication, the Nazi plan to exterminate Europe's Jewry was well known, but the fact that ordinary Poles in Jedwabne committed such atrocities less so. The publication resulted in much controversy, and a vigorous debate in Poland and abroad. It has led to further forensic study, and discussions of the history of Polish-Jewish relations. According to Geneviève Zubrzycki, "Neighbors created such a rupture in the national narrative of the war that one could speak of Poland “before” and “after” its publication (…) Neighbors provoked... the questioning of a key story of the nation, shaking its identity to its core." Neighbors provoked an intensive two-year debate in Poland on Polish-Jewish relations. In response to Neighbors, the Polish Parliament ordered an investigation of the Jedwabne pogrom, the IPN investigation. From May 2000 onward, Jedwabne became a frequent topic of discussion in the Polish media. A list compiled by the Polish daily Rzeczpospolita counted over 130 articles in Polish on the pogrom. The Catholic periodical Wiez published a collection of 34 articles on the Jedwabne pogrom, Thou shalt not kill: Poles on Jedwabne, available in English. In 2003 an extensive collection of articles from the Polish debate, in English translation, was compiled by Joanna Michlic and Professor Antony Polonsky of Brandeis University and published under the title The Neighbors Respond. Neighbors sparked a controversy in Poland. Some readers refused to accept it as a factual account of the Jedwabne pogrom. While Polish historians praised Gross for drawing attention to a topic that had received insufficient attention for a half-century, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz and Tomasz Strzembosz criticized Neighbors for including accounts they considered uncorroborated, and for editorial decisions they believed Gross had made, such as favoring testimonies that presented the Poles in the worst possible light when there were conflicting accounts. Neighbors inspired among Poles "a new curiosity in Polish Jewish history," including for the Polish film director and screenwriter Władysław Pasikowski. The book and its related controversy inspired his dramatic film Aftermath (2012 Pokłosie), which he wrote and directed. Reception Polish edition As noted by Joshua D. Zimmerman in his book about contested Polish history, Neighbors inspired a wide-ranging debate in Poland on its release in 2000. While the mainstream Polish press expressed consensus regarding the basic accuracy of Gross's findings, specific details and questions about Gross's methodology were debated by Polish scholars. According to Jaroslaw Anders, although the book has been criticized in Poland, it has also generated acknowledgment from leading Polish figures such as Józef Cardinal Glemp, who described it as "incontestable", and from Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, who asked Poles to "seek forgiveness for what our compatriots have done." Polish News Service is said to have reported that other Polish publications such as Nasz Dziennik, Głos, Mysl Polska, and Niedziela accused the book of being a "part of international campaign aimed at damaging the image of Poland and preparing ground for restitution of Jewish property." Tomasz Strzembosz criticized the fact that the often contradictory testimonies on which the book was based were extracted from Polish witnesses in pre-trial beatings conducted by the Security Office (UB) in 1949 as well as selection (and exclusion) of specific testimonies. Stanisław Musiał, who had been a leading figure in advocating a Catholic-Jewish dialogue and Polish-Jewish reconciliation, wrote that Gross' book had shattered the myth that Poles were solely victims who "themselves never wronged anyone."<ref>Joshua D. Zimmerman. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uHJyoGiep2gC&pg=PA11&dq=musial+wrote&sig=Y1z7ZVbXN_6-43DZgpKC82EywxE Contested Memories: Poles and Jews during the Holocaust and its Aftermath.], Rutgers University Press, 2003.</ref> Agnieszka Magdziak-Miszewska, a former deputy editor-in-chief of the Polish Catholic magazine Znak and Polish consul-general, wrote "I am convinced that Neighbors is a book which had to be written and which is needed. Facing up to the painful truth of Jedwabne is, in my conviction, the most serious test that we Poles have had to confront in the last decade." According to Joanna B. Michlic, "Gross and his supporters referred to the Polish version of the notion of Judeo-communism (see żydokomuna) as an antisemitic cliché, whereas Gross's opponents, to varying degrees, treated it as an actual historical fact. In the latter group, Judeo-communism served the purpose of rationalizing and explaining the participation of ethnic Poles in killing their Jewish neighbors and, thus, in minimizing the criminal nature of the murder." In the introduction to The Neighbors Respond, Antony Polonsky and Joanna B. Michlic state about the that the harshest critics of Gross, such as Tomasz Strzembosz: "Many of those who have espoused what Andrzejowski describes as a "defensive open" stance in the controversy came to adopt quite extreme positions, as has been the case with Tomasz Strzembosz. They seem to have great difficulty abandoning the self-image of the Poles as heroes and victims and use strongly apologetic arguments." Gross defended the conclusions he drew from his use of testimonials, and insisted that he differentiated between types of testimony. He pointed out that Neighbors contained "an extensive justification why depositions produced during a trial conducted in Stalinist Poland, extracted by abusive secret police interrogators, are credible in this case." English editionNeighbors was a 2001 National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist and a 2001 National Book Award Finalist.The National Book Foundation. The National Book Awards Winners & Finalists, Since 1950 The publication of Neighbors was credited with launching a debate about the Polish role in the Holocaust.John Connelly, " Poles and Jews in the Second World War: the Revisions of Jan T. Gross" Contemporary European History. Cambridge: Nov 2002. Vol. 11, Issue 4. Bernard Wasserstein described the book as having "played a productive role in refreshing Polish collective memory of this aspect of World War 2." Alexander B. Rossino, a research historian at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., wrote: "while Neighbors contributed to an ongoing re-examination of the history of the Holocaust in Poland, Gross' failure to examine German documentary sources fundamentally flawed his depiction of the events. The result was a skewed history that did not investigate SS operations in the region or German interaction with the Polish population." ' Dariusz Stola writing in Holocaust and Genocide Studies states that the book "deserves careful reading and serious critique" and that "if Neighbors were simply poorly researched and written, as some of Gross's critics charge, it would not have been so influential. However, this does not mean the book is flawless." Stola writes that the available evidence is far from sufficient to confirm exact number of victims and a number of eyewitness accounts raise doubts. The postwar accounts of some Jewish survivors, which were contradicted later; and records from the 1949-53 interrogations and trials of the Polish perpetrators by the communist "Security Office", which were often obtained by use of torture, have limited value and can be open to interpretations. Likewise the context of the crime—the unfolding Nazi Holocaust is missing largely from the publication. Stola questions Gross' assumption about lack of Jewish collaboration with the Soviets and the unorganised, spontaneous, "grassroots" nature of the pogrom. In other mediaNeighbors and its surrounding controversy inspired Władysław Pasikowski's dramatic 2012 film Aftermath (Pokłosie), which he wrote and directed. Pasikowski said, "The film isn't an adaptation of the book, which is documented and factual, but the film did grow out of it, since it was the source of my knowledge and shame." Further reading Antony Polonsky and Joanna Michlic (eds), The Neighbors Respond (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004) Marek Chodakiewicz, The Massacre in Jedwabne July 10, 1941. Before, During and After (Boulder CO: East European Monographs, 2005) Israel Bartal, Antony Polonsky, Scott Ury, (eds.) Jews and their Neighbours in Eastern Europe since 1750'' (Oxford: Littman, 2012). References 2000 non-fiction books Antisemitism in Poland History books about the Holocaust Controversies in Poland Books about Jewish Polish history Jedwabne pogrom
17334130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman%20G.%20Yuncker	Truman G. Yuncker	Truman George Yuncker (March 20, 1891 – January 8, 1964) was a taxonomic botanist best known for his work in the family Piperaceae. Yuncker first taught at Manual High School in Indianapolis, Indiana. After service in World War I, he received his doctorate from the University of Illinois in 1919. Soon after, he became a faculty member at DePauw University and became head of the botany and bacteriology department in 1921 and held that post until retirement in 1956. During his tenure he described 839 new species, 211 new varieties and 25 new formae in the Piperaceae. He wrote the treatment of that family in almost every regional flora published during his lifetime. His early studies were on the genus Cuscuta, in which he described 67 new species and 39 new varieties. Footnotes External links 1891 births 1964 deaths American botanists University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni DePauw University faculty
23577348	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansdowne%20River	Lansdowne River	Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Lansdowne River rises below Mount Gibraltar in the Gibraltar Range, north northwest of Upper Lansdowne, and flows generally southeast before reaching its confluence with the Northern Arm of the Manning River, near Coopernook. The river descends over its course. The Pacific Highway crosses the Lansdowne River south-east of Coopernook. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z) List of rivers of Australia References External links Rivers of New South Wales Mid North Coast City of Greater Taree
17334190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utricularia%20macrocheilos	Utricularia macrocheilos	Utricularia macrocheilos is a small annual carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. It is endemic to western tropical Africa, where it is only known from the mountain ranges of Guinea and Sierra Leone. U. macrocheilos grows as a terrestrial plant among wet rocks at medium altitudes. It flowers between August and January. A specimen of U. macrocheilos was originally included in the description of U. prehensilis by François Pellegrin in 1914 and also in John Hutchinson and Nicol Alexander Dalzell's 1931 description of U. micropetala. Peter Taylor recognized these specimens as a different taxon in a 1963 review of African species and treated it as a variety of U. micropetala. After further discussions with other botanists and review of the specimens, he elevated the variety to the species level in 1986 as U. macrocheilos. Compared to U. micropetala, U. macrocheilos has much longer corolla lips and less acute fruiting calyx lobe apices. Taylor notes, however, that the vegetative body of the plants and the seeds appear to be identical. See also List of Utricularia species References Carnivorous plants of Africa Flora of Guinea Flora of Sierra Leone macrocheilos
44500888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20Seekers	Storm Seekers	Storm Seekers (also known as Hurricane Hunter) is a 2009 American/Canadian made-for-television action / drama film directed by George Mendeluk and starring Daryl Hannah, Dylan Neal, Barclay Hope, Gwynyth Walsh, Terry Chen and Mackenzie Gray. The supporting cast includes Sean Bell and William MacDonald. The story is based on the missions of hurricane hunters who locate and track hurricanes. Plot Meteorologist Leah Kaplan (Daryl Hannah) and her team of National Storm Center (NSC) scientists set out from Jacksonville, Florida on a routine tracking mission to gather data on Hurricane Josephine, forming up over the Atlantic Ocean. Along with Leah, technician Tommy Cramer (Terry Chen) and meteorologist Steve Pastor (Sean Bell) have been joined by a reporter, Ryan Stewart (Dylan Neal) gathering information on a feature article on the hurricane hunters. Both Leah and Tommy worry that Steve, recently furloughed because of a drinking problem, will be unreliable. Ryan also is an unnecessary complication to the flight as he continually probes for details about the mission and Leah's background and motivation. Leah reports back to her supervisor Eli Harder (William MacDonald) who is involved with a full-scale evacuation of Corpus Christi, Texas called by NSC Director James McCaffee (Mackenzie Gray), due to the proximity of Hurricane Ike. As Hurricane Hunters Flight 263 enters the hurricane outer wall at 1,500 ft where the winds and turbulence are at their greatest intensity, the data that is being returned from the launching of dropsondes indicates that the hurricane is gathering strength. Relaying the message back to headquarters does not bring an immediate response as the Director worries that Leah's past background in losing her parents in Hurricane Edna has clouded her judgment, a concern that Leah's psychiatrist Dr. Johnson (Gwynyth Walsh) has been exploring. The sudden pitching and turbulence pitches Steve headfirst into his control console, precipitating a fatal heart attack. For a brief period in the eye of the hurricane, Leah, Ryan and Tommy are able to deal with Steve's death. Leah again tries to alert the NSC that Hurricane Josephine has shifted and is headed directly to Jacksonville. Announcing a second evacuation is problematic, the NSC Director, despite Eli's pleas to look at the data Leah is sending, refuses to change the evacuation plans already in progress. The violent storm suddenly turns into a level 5 hurricane with winds at over battering Flight 263. Captain Henry Gersh (Barclay Hope) and co-pilot Ben Tillner (Chad Cole) on his first hurricane hunters flight, wrestle the aircraft through a climb that abruptly turns into an out-of-control dive to wavetop heights. After a fire in one of the engines is doused by the violent rain storm outside, electrical systems begin shorting out, with both Henry and Tommy blinded by the sparking equipment. Leah is abruptly hurled into the ceiling as the aircraft enters a parabolic maneuver. Turbulence increases with the rear exit door torn off, and the sudden depressurization sucks both Leah and Tommy out of the aircraft. Caught in the cargo netting, Leah is still alive but badly hurt. Ryan reacts quickly to haul Leah back inside, with the two crawling their way to the cockpit for safety. Leah has a dislocated shoulder that Ryan attempts to reset but with Henry blinded, she convinces Ryan that he has to help Ben fly the crippled aircraft. Receiving Flight 263's mayday distress message and on the ground reports of the hurricane already battering the coast, Eli finally convinces the Director that Hurricane Josephine is the greater danger. Ben and Ryan manage to bring the aircraft down safely at Jacksonville, and as Henry and Leah are brought out by emergency crews, all the surviving members of the flight find out that their loved ones are safe. Cast Daryl Hannah as Leah Kaplan Dylan Neal as Ryan Stewart Barclay Hope as Captain Henry Gersh Gwynyth Walsh as Dr. Johnson Terry Chen as Tommy Cramer Mackenzie Gray as Director James McCaffee Sean Bell as Steve Pastor William MacDonald as Eli Harder Chad Cole as Ben Tillner Jocelyne Loewen as Melissa (credited as Jocelyn Loewen) Luisa D'Oliveira as Paloma Emily Hirst as Sarah Stewart Megan Charpentier as Young Leah Christine Chatelain as Jessica Tillner Michael Strusievici as Parker Pastor Olivia Rameau as Nurse Maddie Dean Redman as Cop Keith Martin Gordey as Senator Maddock Tosha Doiron as Parker's mother Susan Milne as young Leah's Mmother Stephen Boersma as Zach Production Principal photography under the working title of Hurricane Hunter took place in 2008 with location shooting at Maple Ridge and Vancouver, British Columbia. One of the important elements was in the use of a Nolinor Aviation Convair 580, tail number C-FTAP. The aircraft appeared as a "hurricane hunter", with its interior modified to accommodate computer and radar monitoring equipment. Besides the use of a full-scale aircraft, many of the flying scenes were made through computer-generated imagery (CGI). Reception Storm Seekers was, at best B film "potboiler" fare, but whose topic was not only timely but also appeared at a time when networks were looking for material to fill newly emerging broadcast channels. Well over a dozen network premieres took place across Europe, Asia and North America. The film was released in 2010 for home media. Eveliene Sanders in a review for Cinemagazine in The Netherlands, reviewed Storm Seekers as an example of a disaster film where a disparate group of characters are faced with a dilemma. She considered it, however, "... too ordinary and predictable." References Notes Citations Bibliography Kotsch, William J. Weather For the Mariner. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1983. . McCright, Aaron M. and Riley E. Dunlap. "Challenging Global Warming as a Social Problem: An Analysis of the Conservative Movement's Counter-Claims". Social Problems, Vol. 47, Issue 4, November 2000. External links American aviation films Canadian aviation films English-language Canadian films 2009 action films 2009 films Films set on airplanes 2000s English-language films Films directed by George Mendeluk 2000s American films 2000s Canadian films
23577349	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intelligencer%20%28Belleville%29	The Intelligencer (Belleville)	The Intelligencer (locally nicknamed the Intell) is the daily (except on Sundays and certain holidays) newspaper of Belleville, Ontario, Canada. The paper is regarded mainly as a local paper, stressing local issues over issues of more national or international scope. History The Belleville Intelligencer was founded in 1834 by George Benjamin, who, after just arriving in the city, is said to have stopped in at a hotel and asked to purchase the local newspaper. He was then informed of the young city's lack of a local newspaper, as several attempted newspaper publications turned out to have been short lived and had failed. This innocent question eventually led to George Benjamin establishing the Intelligencer in 1834, although it was originally regarded as another attempt that was likely destined for failure in the long run. Many newspapers predated the Intelligencer in Belleville, and all folded quickly. The first recorded paper was The Anglo-Canadian in 1829 which folded within a year. Other attempts included The Phoenix in 1831, The Hastings Times and Farmers' Journal in 1833, and finally The Standard of Moira which lasted only six weeks in 1834. These previous failed newspaper publications dampened the original public opinion of the Intelligencer, although the outlooks eventually lightened. The Intelligencer originally consisted of only four small pages and was originally only a weekly publication. In 1897, D'Alton Corry Coleman became city editor for the Intelligencer at age 18. Later on it would be sold to a young Sir MacKenzie Bowell (a future Canadian Prime Minister), who had come to work for George Benjamin at the Intelligencer. It has also been stated that MacKenzie Bowell's political career started at the Intelligencer, with its then firm political views. After obtaining the Intelligencer MacKenzie Bowell would remain its owner until 1917 the year of his death at the age of 94. The media group Sun Media purchased the newspaper in 2009. The purchase moved the paper's editorial policy significantly to the right. In spring 2014, the Intelligencer and other Sun Media properties were sold to Postmedia, owner of The National Post in Toronto. The Intelligencers current advertising director is Gerry Drage, its managing editor W. Brice McVicar. In September 2017, PostMedia transferred the Intelligencers distribution to a private distribution company. Big Creek Services Corporation is based in Napanee Ontario and manages the distribution of 5 of PostMedia's newspapers and has a network of almost 500 on contract newspaper carriers. See also List of newspapers in Canada Belleville, Ontario#Media References External links ISSN 0839-1912 Mass media in Belleville, Ontario Publications established in 1834 Daily newspapers published in Ontario Postmedia Network publications 1834 establishments in Canada

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