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23576300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Cape%20Leeuwin
|
HMAS Cape Leeuwin
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HMAS Cape Leeuwin was a lighthouse tender which was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) between mid-1943 and the end of 1945.
Design
The ship displaces 1,406 gross tons, is in length, with a beam of , and a draught of . Top speed was . In naval service, the ship was armed with a QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun, supplemented by five Oerlikon 20 mm cannons and two Vickers machine guns.
Operational history
Cape Leeuwin was built in 1924 for the lighthouse service. The ship was laid down at Cockatoo Island Dockyard on 15 July 1924, and launched on 10 December 1924.
She was requisitioned for service with the RAN from the Queensland Department of Commerce in October 1941 and commissioned into the Navy on 27 August 1943. Her peacetime captain, Noel Buxton, stayed with the ship throughout her naval service and received the rank of Lieutenant.
From August 1943, Cape Leeuwin was used to lay buoys and service lights along the coast of Queensland and in the South-West Pacific. She laid buoys and beacons between Milne Bay and Hollandia in New Guinea. From late 1944, she served in the Philippines Campaign, and established navigation aids at Leyte, Mindoro, Subic Bay and Manila. As part of these operations, she was the first Australian ship to enter Manila Bay after the Battle of Manila. In July 1945, she and established lighthouses in the Moluccas which reopened a route between Darwin and Morotai.
After the war, Cape Leeuwin was decommissioned from the RAN and returned to her owners on 12 December 1945. She continued in Australian service until 1963 when she was paid off and sold to a company in Asia, which named her Ruby.
References
1924 ships
Survey ships of the Royal Australian Navy
Lighthouse tenders of Australia
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6901129
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mendoza
|
Arthur Mendoza
|
Arthur Mendoza is an American acting coach. He has taught in Los Angeles for 10 years and has worked with such talents as Khandi Alexander, Sasha Barrese, and John Jopson. He has performed in film and Our House and the film Deep Cover.
Education
Mendoza earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of California, Riverside, and an MFA from University of California, San Diego. He studied with Stella Adler for 10 years before becoming the founding principal instructor at her studio in Hollywood.
Career
Mendoza is the founder, artistic director and principal acting instructor at the Actors Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, California. He has directed productions at the Actors Circle Theatre, including The Glass Menagerie.
Mendoza coaches at the Santa Monica Playhouse, continuing his and Stella Adler's legacy of the Stanislavsky Method, finding an indirect pathway to emotional expression via physical action.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
American male stage actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Riverside alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
American acting coaches
People from Loma Linda, California
|
17331109
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Prophet%20Returns
|
The Prophet Returns
|
The Prophet Returns is a posthumous compilation album by American hip hop artist Tupac Shakur, released on October 3, 2005 by Death Row Records and Koch Records. It features mostly songs from Shakur's 1996 album, All Eyez on Me.
Track listing
2005 compilation albums
Tupac Shakur compilation albums
Albums produced by Daz Dillinger
Death Row Records compilation albums
Compilation albums published posthumously
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23576310
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi%20Yamgnane
|
Kofi Yamgnane
|
Kofi Martin Yamgnane (born 11 October 1945) is a French-Togolese politician and engineer.
Biography
Yamgnane was born in 1945 in Bassar, Togo. A member of the Bassar ethnic group in central Togo, he attended a missionary school as his early education. In 1957, he enrolled at the St. Joseph College in Lomé, capital of Togo. Yamgnane received his baccalauréat in 1964. Afterward, he moved to France to study engineering. He obtained a degree in mathematics from the University of Western Brittany in 1969. Yamgnane obtained French citizenship in 1975. After years of doing engineering work without qualifications, such as designing expressway structures, he enrolled at the École nationale supérieure des mines de Nancy in 1977 and graduated in 1981.
In 1983, he joined the town council of a village of Brittany, Saint-Coulitz (less than 400 inhabitants). He lost the election for mayor in the second round as a member of the Socialist Party. He became well known in France in 1989 after being elected mayor of Saint-Coulitz, and at this time, one out of only two black mayors in Metropolitan France. He created a council of elders, similar to governing bodies in Africa. This initiative won Yamgnane the "National Award of citizenship" in April 1990, and he was named "Breton of the year" by Armor Magazine.
A former engineer in the French Bridges and Roads administration, he was Secretary of State of Integration in the French government from 1991 to 1993. The following year, he was elected a Conseiller général of Finistère. Yamgnane became a representative in the French National Assembly on 1 June 1997, representing Finistère. He was a member of the delegation of the National Assembly to women's rights and equal opportunities between men and women. Yamagnane served on several commissions in the Assembly, including national defense, trade, cultural affairs, finance, constitutional laws, marine transport safety, and children's rights. His term ended on 18 June 2002.
After the death of Togolese president Gnassingbe Eyadema in 2005, Yamgnane thought of running for president but decided it was not the right time. He stood as a candidate in the 2010 Togolese presidential election. Yamgnane campaigned on improving the health of Togolese, fixing roads and bridges, reducing unemployment, and curbing corruption. He aimed to nationalize lage industries without creating "a witch hunt". However, his candidacy was rejected by the Constitutional Court due to doubts about his identity. His papers showed two different birth dates, 11 October 1945, and 31 December 1945. The October 11 date comes from an affidavit signed by his father on 16 March 1948, while the 31 December date is used by the Togolese government. "All Togolese know around them at least one person in my case. Does this mean that this whole section of the population should be excluded from universal suffrage?" Yamgnane said.
He was arrested in October 2014 on the charge of "influence peddling" and tax evasion in the context of the Christophe Rocancourt case.
Personal life
Yamgnane is married to Anne-Marie la Bretonne, a retired professor of mathematics. They live in Lomé and have two children. He is friends with Togolese archbishop Denis Amouzou, as the two share an affinity for scouting.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Kara Region
Ewe people
Togolese emigrants to France
Black French politicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Secretaries of State of France
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Brittany
People from Finistère
Naturalized citizens of France
Politicians from Brittany
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20468699
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20Fire%20Company
|
Alpha Fire Company
|
The Alpha Fire Company provides fire and rescue services for the Borough of State College, College Township, Ferguson Township, Patton Township, and The Pennsylvania State University.
The company was formed in 1899 as the Union Fire Company and changed its name to Alpha Fire Company in 1900.
Mission and community service
The Mission Statement of Alpha Fire is: "To protect the lives and property of the members of the Borough of State College and surrounding communities." Volunteers who serve with the company are each required to undergo various training modules, the first of which amounts to approximately 80 hours over the members' first 12 weeks with the company. All members are required to obtain their national Firefighter I Certification within 24 months of joining.
In addition to the protection of property and lives, members of the fire department also engage in activities which foster positive working relations between the department and members of the community. In the past such activities have included transporting Santa Clause through the borough during State College's annual Christmas Eve celebration.
Apparatus
Alpha Fire Company operates a fleet of 26 vehicles.
Command 5 - Incident command post rotated among the line officers
Car 5 - Fire Chief's car, additional command post
Car 55 - Fire Director's car, additional command post
Traffic 5-1 - 2021 Ford F-350 Fire police traffic unit
Traffic 5-2 - 2021 Ford F-350 Fire police traffic unit
Special Unit 5 - Modified 2005 Chevrolet Silverado Crew Cab
Utility 5-1 - 2005 Chevrolet 2500
Utility 5-2 - 2012 Chevrolet 2500
Utility 5-3 - 2013 Chevrolet Tahoe
Utility 5-4 - 2013 Ford Interceptor
Utility 5-5 - 2012 Ford Explorer
Fire Marshal 55 - 2013 Ford Interceptor
UTV 5 - Kubota RTV
Drop-Deck 5 - 2019 JLG Utility Trailer
Service 55 - 2018 Ford F-350 with a Reading Body
Heavy Lift 5 - 1988 Nissan N6000 Fork Lift
Foam Trailer 5 - 2005 Tandem Axel Class-B Foam Trailer
Decon Trailer 5 - 2014 Mobile Decon Trailer
Hazmat 55 - 1997 Seagrave Walk-In HazMat Unit
Engine Companies
Engine 5-1 - 2005 Pierce Dash
Engine 5-2 - 2002 Pierce Dash Custom Engine
Engine 5-3 - 2002 Pierce Dash Custom Engine
Engine 5-4 - 2017 Pierce Velocity PUC
Tanker 5-1 - 2013 Pierce/Kenworth Custom Tanker
Tanker 5-2 - 2021 Pierce/Kenworth Custom Tanker
Truck Companies
Truck 5-1 - 2016 95 Foot Pierce Velocity ladder Truck
Truck 5-2 - 2009 75 Foot Pierce Aerial Scope tower ladder Truck
Quint 5 - 2010 75 Foot Aerial PUC Quint on a Pierce Arrow XT Chassis.
Rescue Company
Rescue 5 - 2000 Saulsbury Cougar Series Rescue on a Spartan Gladiator Long four-door Chassis
Stations
Alpha Fire operates out of three stations:
Main Station
The Main Station at 400 West Beaver Avenue opened in 1974. The Main Station has a Meeting Room, Maintenance Shop, Lounge, Watch Office, Kitchen, Administration Office, Gym, and Bunk room. The bunk room houses 6 live-ins and has room for 17 total bunks. The station houses 5 pieces of apparatus, Engine 5-2, Engine 5-3, Truck 5-1, Rescue 5, Tanker 5-1. Traffic units 5-1 and 5-2, Utility 5-1, Utility 5-4, Service 55, Special Unit 5, and Command 5 are also housed here.
College Township Station
The College Township station is a sub-station housed in the basement of the College Township Building at 1481 East College Avenue. This station has a Watchroom, Office, Lounge, Bunkroom, Live-in rooms for 4 live-ins, and a Kitchen. Engine 5-1, Quint 5, Utility 55, and Fire Marshal 55 are housed here.
Patton Township Station
The Patton Township Sub-Station facility at 2598 Green Tech Drive opened in 2001. It has rooms for four live-in members and a bunkroom for additional firefighters. The station houses Truck 5-2, Engine 5-4, Tanker 5-2, Utility 5-2, and Utility 5-3.
See also
Centre County, Pennsylvania
Borough of State College
College Township
Ferguson Township
Patton Township
The Pennsylvania State University.
References
External links
Alpha Fire Company
Centre County, Pennsylvania
State College, Pennsylvania
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6901134
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamonds%20and%20Pearls%20Video%20Collection
|
Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection
|
Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection is a collection of music videos compiled to accompany and further promote Prince's hit album Diamonds and Pearls. The collection was originally released in VHS format on October 6, 1992, and finally saw a DVD release on August 22, 2006 (the same release date as Prince's Ultimate collection). The collection contains videos for most of the songs on the album, with the exception of "Daddy Pop", "Walk, Don't Walk" and "Push". Two tracks included that were not on the album were "Call the Law", which was a B-side to the single release of "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" and "Dr. Feelgood", a cover version. Four of the clips were live concert performances: "Thunder", "Dr. Feelgood", "Jughead" and "Live 4 Love". The DVD release did not contain any extras from the VHS version.
Track listing
"Gett Off" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Call the Law" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Willing and Able" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Insatiable" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Strollin'" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Money Don't Matter 2 Night" (directed by Spike Lee, co-directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Thunder" (live)
"Dr. Feelgood" (live)
"Jughead" (live)
"Live 4 Love" (live)
References
1992 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums
|
17331127
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JK%2096%20helmet
|
JK 96 helmet
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JK 96 Light Steel Helmet () is a Chinese copy of the American Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops helmet. The liner is a copy of the American Riddel suspension system. Being manufactured since 1996 for Chinese service only
The Chinese PASGT-style helmet is not made of composite material, but rather from light steel.
The helmet is worn by some elements of the People's Liberation Army and police SWAT teams in China to replace Soviet-era headgear.
The JK 96b is a version of the JK 96a with a different nylon lining.
Users
: Imported from China.
References
External links
Chinese helmets
Combat helmets of the People's Republic of China
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6901140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Ipswich
|
HMAS Ipswich
|
Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Ipswich, for the city of Ipswich, Queensland.
, a Bathurst-class corvette launched in 1941 and transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1946
, a Fremantle-class patrol boat which entered service in 1982 and was decommissioned in 2007
Battle honours
Ships named HMAS Ipswich are entitled to carry five battle honours:
Pacific 1942
Indian Ocean 1942–45
Sicily 1943
East Indies 1944
Okinawa 1945
References
Royal Australian Navy ship names
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23576312
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%20Flute%20Cave
|
Reed Flute Cave
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The Reed Flute Cave (), also known as "the Palace of Natural Arts," is a landmark and tourist attraction in Guilin, Guangxi, China.
The cave got its name from the type of reed growing outside, which can be made into flutes. Reed Flute Cave is filled with a large number of stalactites, stalagmites and other rock formations. Inside, there are more than 70 inscriptions written in ink, which can be dated back as far as 792 AD in the Tang Dynasty. These aged inscriptions tell us that it has been an attraction in Guilin since ancient times. It was rediscovered in the 1940s by a group of refugees fleeing the Japanese troops. Nowadays, multicolored lighting artificially illuminates the cave.
Notes
External links
Caves of Guangxi
Limestone caves
Karst formations of China
Show caves in China
Tourist attractions in Guilin
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20468721
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylacodes%20squamigerus
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Thylacodes squamigerus
|
Thylacodes squamigerus, common name the scaled wormsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Vermetidae, the worm snails. This species was previously known as Serpulorbis squamigerus.
This worm snail lives in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
This species is often cemented into colonies. It has no operculum.
References
Vermetidae
Gastropods described in 1856
Taxa named by Philip Pearsall Carpenter
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6901153
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takatsuki-class%20destroyer
|
Takatsuki-class destroyer
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The Takatsuki class destroyer was a vessel of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It was the predecessor of the , and was mainly used for anti-submarine warfare duties.
In 1985-1988, Takatsuki and Kikuzuki were upgraded with Sea Sparrow SAM launchers, Harpoon missile anti-ship missile launchers, Phalanx CIWS systems (Kikuzuki only), new FCS (FCS-2-12) fire control radar and TASS. Mochizuki and Nagatsuki were in the upgrade program, but were eventually not upgraded.
Ships
Books
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.57 Takatsuki class escort vessels, Ushio Shobō (Japan), November 1981
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.78 Electronics weapons, Power Plants and Helicopters, Ushio Shobō (Japan), August 1983
Destroyer classes
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17331151
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20Greco-Roman%20featherweight
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Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman featherweight
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The men's Greco-Roman featherweight was a Greco-Roman wrestling event held as part of the Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event. Featherweight was the lightest category, including wrestlers weighing up to 60 kilograms.
A total of 21 wrestlers from 12 nations competed in the event, which was held from August 16 to August 20, 1920.
Results
Gold medal round
Silver medal round
Bronze medal round
References
Notes
Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Greco-Roman wrestling
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6901164
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soloveitchik
|
Soloveitchik
|
Soloveitchik ( ) (also Soloveichik) is a surname. The name is a diminutive form of the Russian word соловей, "nightingale", since the Soloveitchiks are a family of Levites, who are commanded by the Torah to sing in the Beit Hamikdash. It is notably the name of a rabbinic family descended from Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi) (1820-1892). Members include:
Ahron Soloveichik (1917–2001)
Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik
Bar Soloveychik (born 2000), Israeli swimmer
Berel Soloveitchik (1915–1981)
Chaim Soloveitchik (1853–1918)
Eliyahu Soloveitchik (Elijah Zevi) (1805–1881)
Haym Soloveitchik (born 1937), American
Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–1993), American
Meir Soloveichik (born 1977), American
Moshe Soloveichik (1879–1941)
Moshe Soloveitchik (Zurich) (1914-1995)
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik (1921-2021)
Peter Salovey (born 1958) (unlike the other names listed here, Salovey is not a descendant of Yosef Dov Soloveitchik, but rather of his uncle Eliyahu Zevi)
Samuel Soloveichik (1909–1967)
Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik (1886–1959)
Family tree
See also
Brisk tradition and Soloveitchik dynasty
Vorobeichik
TheRav.Net Resources on Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zt'l
Jewish families
Jewish surnames
Slavic-language surnames
Russian-language surnames
Levite surnames
Yiddish-language surnames
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17331162
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-formed%20ripple
|
Wave-formed ripple
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In sedimentology, wave-formed ripples or wave-formed ripple marks are a feature of sediments (sandstones, limestones, siltstones) and dunes. These ripple marks are often characterised (and thus distinguished from current ripples) by symmetric cross sections and long relatively straight crests, which may commonly bifurcate. Commonly, these crests can be truncated by subsequent flows. Their wavelength (periodicity) depends on the sediment grain size, water depth and water-particle orbits in the waves. On tidal flats the pattern of wave-formed ripples may be complicated, as a product of changing depth and wind and tidal runoff directions. Symmetrical ripples are commonly found in shallow waters. Beaches are a good place to find these ripples.
While wave-formed ripples are traditionally described as symmetrical, asymmetric wave ripples are common in shallow waters along sandy shores. They are produced by bottom oscillations generated by passing breaker waves, which have unequal intensity in opposite directions.
Wave-formed ripples indicate an environment with weak currents where water motion is dominated by wave oscillations.
Although symmetrical ripples are also called bi-directional ripples there is a difference between them. Bi-directional ripples are rarely symmetrical due to the difference in force of the two directions, where as the wave formed or oscillation ripples form from the circular water movement pattern of water molecules. These ripples form parallel to the shore line. They usually display rounded troughs and rounded crests.
Ripples
Ripples are relatively small, elongated ridges that form on bed surfaces perpendicular to current flow. With continuous current flow in one direction, asymmetrical ripples form. Asymmetrical ripples contain a steeper slope downstream. With an alternation in current flow from one direction to the opposite symmetrical ripples form. Symmetrical ripples tend to have the same slope on both sides of the crest.
Formation
Symmetrical ripples form as water molecules oscillate in small circles. A particle of water within a wave does not move with the wave but rather it moves in a small circle between the wave crest and wave trough. This movement of water molecules is the same for all water molecules effected by the wave. The water molecules continue to do this to a depth equal to 1/2 the wavelength. The water molecule traveling in a circular pattern interacts with the sediment on the floor and moves the sediment into symmetrical ripples. These ripples can be either straight crested or sinuous crested ripples.
See also
Sedimentary structures
Bedform
References
Sedimentology
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17331227
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty%20of%20Teacher%20Education%2C%20University%20of%20Zagreb
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Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb
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The Faculty of Teacher Education at the University of Zagreb is a faculty which focusses on the education of teachers and preschool teachers. Apart from its central location in Zagreb, it has facilities in Petrinja and Čakovec.
The first teacher's school in Zagreb was the Higher Pedagogical School which offered a two-year program from 1919. In the Independent State of Croatia the program was extended to four years, but was shorted to three after the Second World War. It became the Pedagogical Academy in 1960, and upon Croatian independence the academy gradually evolved into the modern faculty.
According to Croatia's Parliamentary Commission for Verification of War and Post-War Crimes the faculty's grounds in Zagreb were the site of a mass grave of approximately 300 prisoners killed by the Yugoslav Partisans in 1945, after the end of the Second World War. After a public education campaign in 2008 by concerned groups, Croatian authorities launched an investigation into the site.
References
External links
Official website
Teachers colleges
Teacher Education
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17331235
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Bonet
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Roberto Bonet
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Roberto Bonet Cáceres (born 17 noviembre 1980 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan football midfielder. He currently plays for Sol de América.
Career
Before signing for Racing Club, Bonet played for Paraguayan sides Sol de América, Libertad, Guaraní, Olimpia, Quilmes and Rangers . While playing in Paraguay he scored 6 goals in 133 games.
He is the brother of Paraguay national team regular Carlos Bonet. Bonet also plays as a right-side defender regularly.
External links
Roberto Bonet at BDFA.com.ar
Roberto Bonet – Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Asunción
Paraguayan footballers
Paraguayan expatriate footballers
Club Sol de América footballers
Club Libertad footballers
Club Guaraní players
Club Olimpia footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in Chile
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
Rangers de Talca footballers
Association football wingers
Association football fullbacks
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44499638
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamze%20Bezan
|
Gamze Bezan
|
Gamze Bezan (born 31 August 1994) is a Turkish women's football midfielder, who last played in the First League for İlkadım Belediyesi Yabancılar Pazarı Spor with jersey number 22. In 2010, she played for the Turkish girls' national U-17 team.
She is studying physical education and sports in Gümüşhane University.
Career
Club
Gamze Bezan received her license on 10 April 2008 for her hometown club Trabzonspor, where she played until the end of the 2010–11 season capping 25 times and scoring 3 goals. After dissolution of the women's football branch of the club, she transferred to Trabzon İdmanocağı, another local women's club.
Following the 2010–11 season, she was honored with the title "Best Women's Footballer of Trabzonspor" bestowed by the fans of the club.
After playing five seasons for her hometown club, she transferred to İlkadım Belediyesi Yabancılar Pazarı Spor of Samsun in the 2016–17 season.
International
Bezan was admitted to the Turkey girls' U-17 team, and debuted in the 2011 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship – Group 6 match against England on 3 October 2010. She cappen twice for the Turkey U-17 nationals.
She was called up to the Turkey women's U-19 team for the first time in 2011. Bezan was elected again in 2012 to play at the 2013 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship First qualifying round matches. However, she did not find a place in the squad later on.
Career statistics
.
Honours
Turkish Women's First League
Trabzon İdmanocağı
Third places (3): 2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16
References
External links
Living people
1994 births
Sportspeople from Trabzon
Turkish women's footballers
Trabzonspor women's players
Trabzon İdmanocağı women's players
Women's association football midfielders
İlkadım Belediyespor players
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44499640
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Wicksteed
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Thomas Wicksteed
|
Thomas Wicksteed (26 January 1806 – 15 November 1871) was a notable English civil engineer of the 19th century. As engineer to the East London Waterworks Company he was responsible for introducing the Cornish pumping engine. He oversaw many improvements, and was approached for advice by a number of water companies elsewhere in the country, later turning his attention to the efficient handling of sewage.
Career
Born in Shrewsbury, the fourth son of John Wicksteed, he was educated at Shrewsbury School, and at sixteen years of age he was sent to London, to reside with his father's old friend, Arthur Aikin, Secretary of the Society of Arts, with whom he lived. He was articled to a mechanical engineer in Smithfield, and at the end of his apprenticeship, became an assistant to Henry R. Palmer, Engineer to the London Docks, at a time when extensive additions were being made.
In 1829, he became the Engineer to the East London Waterworks Company. It was a time when costly additions to the reservoirs and pumping-engines had to be made, but these were offset by the large saving he was able to make, particularly in the consumption of fuel.
In 1835 his attention was directed to the Cornish engine as a replacement for the less economical condensing engine. He visited the Cornish mines, conducted experiments, and prevailed upon the directors of the company to invest in this new technology. In 1837 an engine from Cornwall was installed in the works at Old Ford. The savings were such that he carried out careful measurements for a year, and published his findings in 1841 in a paper entitled "An Experimental Inquiry concerning the relative power of, and useful effect produced by, the Cornish and Boulton and Watt pumping-engines, and cylindrical and waggon-head boilers" read to the Institution of Civil Engineers. Following this, several large engines were installed under his direction by various water companies about London.
Meanwhile, he carried out various additions to the reservoirs and other works of the company. Among these was to transfer the source of the company’s supply from Old Ford to Lea Bridge up river from the tidal flow.
Between 1838 and 1845, he was retained as Consulting Engineer to the Grand Junction, Vauxhall, Southwark, and Kent Waterwork Companies, while still Resident Engineer to the East London Water Works. He was thus, at one time, engineer to five out of the then nine London water companies. During this time, he constructed new waterworks at Hull and Wolverhampton, with extensions to those at Brighton and Scarborough. He was also consulted by the towns of Leeds, Liverpool, Dewsbury, Lichfield, Leamington, Cork, Kingston in Jamaica, Valparaiso, Boston, in the United States, the
waterworks and sewerage of Berlin and consulted by the Pasha of Egypt in reference to the barrage of the Nile.
His attention having been drawn to the sewerage of towns, and its disposal, he became the Engineer to the London Sewage Company in 1847. Plans for a sewer along the North bank of the Thames to a pumping station and reservoir at Barking Creek were prepared to put before Parliament on behalf of the company, but necessary investment was not forthcoming and the company was subsequently dissolved. His plan was
similar to that which he had proposed for Berlin in 1841, and he then built a system at Leicester. With the aim of purifying the sewage of towns, and producing manure, he set up the Patent Solid Sewage Manure Company. At this point he resigned as Engineer to the East London Waterworks in 1851 and severed his connections with the other London companies.
The Patent Solid Sewage Manure Company at Leicester was successful in purifying sewage, with a marked improvement to the River Soar but, though large quantities of manure were produced it could not compete with others on the market. In the end, the company failed and the corporation took over the sewage purifying.
Besides carrying out a complete system of drainage for Leicester, he was consulted on the sewerage of Leeds, Leamington, Maidstone, and Scarborough ; and gave evidence before the Special Committee on the Sewage of the Metropolis.
He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 7 February 1837 and contributed several papers on the Cornish engine, for which he received a Telford medal in 1839. He had a seat on the Council from 1840 to 1843, but for many years before his death he had ceased to attend the meetings and to take part in the discussions. In 1863 he was elected also to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
Personal life
On 20 July 1829 at St John, Hackney, he married Eliza, the third daughter of the late Mr. John Barton, of London, by whom he had six children - Bithia (1831-1874), Katharine (1833–1884), Mary (1834-1834), Mary Frances (1835-1906), Arthur Aikin (1840-1903) and Eliza Lucy (1845-1923).
His health was adversely affected by his labours in Leicester, and in 1865, he had what was described at the time as a slight attack of paralysis, and retired. He died at Headingley, near Leeds, on 15 November 1871, aged 65.
References
London water infrastructure
English civil engineers
Water supply and sanitation in London
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6901170
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi%20Humphrey
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Bobbi Humphrey
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Barbara Ann "Bobbi" Humphrey (born April 25, 1950) is an American jazz flautist and singer who plays jazz fusion, funk, and soul-jazz. She has recorded twelve albums and founded the jazz label Paradise Sounds Records. In 1971, she was the first female instrumentalist signed by Blue Note.
Early life
Humphrey was born in Marlin, Texas, and raised in Dallas. She graduated from Lincoln High School, Dallas, in 1968. Her flute education included classical and jazz in high school. She continued her studies at Texas Southern University and Southern Methodist University. Dizzy Gillespie saw her play at a talent contest at Southern Methodist and inspired her to pursue a music career in New York City. She followed his advice, moving to New York in June 1971 and getting her first break performing at the Apollo Theater on Amateur Night.
Career
Within weeks of arriving in New York, Humphrey was signed by George Butler to Blue Note. She had already begun playing regularly throughout the city, including joining Herbie Mann on stage in Central Park and an impromptu performance on The Tonight Show. She was asked to join the final band of trumpeter Lee Morgan, performing on his last Blue Note album in 1971. Morgan contributed to Humphrey's first album, Flute In, in 1971.
She has played with Duke Ellington and George Benson. Benson and Humphrey were guest musicians on Stevie Wonder's single "Another Star" from his Songs in the Key of Life (1976) album. In 1976, she was named Best Female Instrumentalist by Billboard magazine.
Humphrey has played at the Apollo Theatre, Hollywood Bowl, Carnegie Hall, Montreux Jazz Festival, Russian River Jazz Festival (Northern California). She cites Hubert Laws, Herbie Mann, and James Moody as influences.
Blacks and Blues, recorded in 1973 with the Mizell Brothers, was one of her biggest selling albums for Blue Note. On this album she shifted from the straight ahead jazz of her first two albums produced by George Butler. She sought out the Mizell Brothers after their work on Donald Byrd's Black Byrd, which combined funk with jazz. Blacks and Blues was recorded in three days at the Sound Factory. In "Harlem River Drive" and other tracks, Humphrey's playing was improvised. As Humphrey recalled in an interview in 2006, "In other words, they would play the track in the background and just tell me to play to it. There was no written melody. Growing up, the music they listened to was doo-wop. And from that background, they intrinsically understood harmony. So they would already have the chord changes and background vocals laid out. I just played what I felt off the top of my head against that." Humphrey sings vocals on "Just a Love Child" and the album's last track, "Baby's Gone".
Satin Doll, recorded in 1974, continued her combination of soul jazz and funk. The album was dedicated to Duke Ellington, who died shortly before the album was released, and its cover art features Humphrey's daughter, Ricci Lynn. Fancy Dancer marked Humphrey's third and final collaboration with the Mizell Brothers. It includes Latin percussion and harp instrumentation by Dorothy Ashby. For her next album, Tailor Made, she switched to Epic.
Despite high album sales, Humphrey did not see much of her Blue Note albums' financial success. In 1977, she moved into the business side of the music industry. She incorporated Innovative Artist Management as well as a publishing business, The Bobbi Humphrey Music Company, which signed an agreement with Warner Bros. in 1990. Humphrey brought Tevin Campbell into the music industry and was involved in his negotiations with Warner Bros. In 1994 Humphrey started her label, Paradise Sounds Records, releasing Passion Flute.
Humphrey's work, especially Blacks and Blues, has been sampled by Eric B. & Rakim, Grand Puba, Digable Planets, Mobb Deep, Ludacris, and Ice-T. In 2002, Common invited her to play on his album Electric Circus.
Discography
As a sidewoman
with Lee Morgan:
The Last Session (Blue Note, 1971)
With Stevie Wonder
Songs in the Key of Life (Tamla, 1976)
Recording notes
Humphrey's last album for Epic was The Good Life, recorded in 1978/79 at Rosebud Recording Studios, New York. The album is notable for the list of supporting musicians that included Richard Tee, Eric Gale, Ralph MacDonald (who produced the album), Christopher Parker, and a young Marcus Miller.
References
External links
Bobbi Humphrey at Jazz Museum in Harlem
1950 births
Living people
People from Marlin, Texas
Singers from Texas
Jazz musicians from Texas
American jazz flautists
20th-century African-American women singers
Soul-jazz musicians
Soul-jazz flautists
Blue Note Records artists
Epic Records artists
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
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44499682
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIFL-LP
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WIFL-LP
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WIFL-LP/104.5 is a low-power F.M. radio station licensed to Weirsdale, Florida, United States. WIFL-LP is owned by the Lake Weir Chamber of Commerce. It was initially licensed as WHZL-LP on January 12, 2006, changing callsigns to WORJ-LP on November 19, 2010 & changed callsigns again on June 14, 2011 to WIFL-LP. WIFL-LP transmits on 104.5 MHz (Channel 283).
References
External links
IFL-LP
IFL-LP
Radio stations established in 2006
2006 establishments in Florida
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44499698
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Athar%20Ali
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M. Athar Ali
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M. Athar Ali (18 January 1925 – 7 July 1998) was an Indian historian of Medieval Indian History. Throughout his career Ali was known to hold a strong stance against Hindu and Islamic extremism. He was a professor at the Centre for Advanced Studies in Medieval History at his Alma mater, Aligarh Muslim University.
Early life
M. Athar Ali was the son of Rehmat Ali. He was born in Pilakhna in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India. He was married to Feroza Kahtoon and had seven children. His oldest son, Taimur Athar is a renowned research scientist at the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology in Hyderabad, Telangana.
Career
Ali was educated at Aligarh Muslim University where he was a student of Mohammad Habib, Nurul Hasan, and S. A. Rashid. He earned his doctorate at AMU in 1961 under the supervision of Satish Chandra. He started his career in research and teaching when he joined AMU as a research assistant. He and fellow historian Irfan Habib joined AMU's Department of History at around the same time in 1953. He became Professor in 1978. Athar Ali retired in 1990 after a five-year period of re-employment.
Ali wrote extensively on the Mughal Empire, comparative history of Islamic Empires, implications of secularism and early modern societies from Spain to Indonesia. Athar Ali's reputation for scholarship was firmly established in 1966, with the publishing of his book The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangazeb. A paper-back edition was brought out in 1970 and a second, revised, edition in 1997. Originally his doctoral thesis, it was soon acknowledged as the definitive study of India's late medieval ruling class. The book led to a reconsideration of many standard views of the ethnic composition of the Mughal ruling class and was widely regarded as a strong critique of communalist historiography in India and Pakistan. It also offered, for the first time, a more scientific and rational analysis of Aurangazeb the person, and the historical role of Aurangazeb, the last of the great Mughal emperors, whose reign between 1658 and 1707 hastened the disintegration of the empire. The theory, which still receives support from many quarters, that Aurangazeb's 'religious bias' generated a 'Hindu backlash' which brought about the downfall of the empire, was challenged by Athar Ali on the basis of hard evidence. "The evidence I assembled," wrote Athar Ali in his introduction to the revised edition of the book, "did not in any sense exonerate Aurangazeb, but I think it did set different limits within which the Emperor's personal preferences and decisions had impact: and it suggested a number of other factors, besides the one of religious bias..."
In 1985, Athar Ali published his second major work, The Apparatus of Empire: Awards of Ranks, Offices and Titles to the Mughal Nobility, 1574-1658. This is a crucial reference tool for historians concerned with that period. In his introduction to the work's extensive tables, Athar Ali demonstrated how the quantitative data obtained from them could tell the reader the internal processes of the Mughal polity. Athar Ali had largely completed his compilation of similar data on Aurangazeb's reign (1659-1707) for a second volume.
Ali died of liver cancer on 7 July 1998.
Political views
Ali was a secularist. He strongly opposed all forms of religious extremism. Athar Ali strenuously opposed the communal perception of history. He was one of the four authors (the others were R.S Sharma, D.N. Jha and Suraj Bhan) of theReport to the Nation on the Babri Masjid, Ayodhya, 1990, which was published in many Indian languages. Dismissing, on the basis of an examination of the written and archaeological evidence, the claim that the Babri Masjid occupied the site of Rama's birth or that a temple occupied the site and it was pulled down to construct the masjid, the Report ended with the impassioned appeal: "If, then, we have a care for historical facts, if we want to uphold the law, if we have love for our own cultural heritage, we must protect the Babri Masjid. A country is surely judged by how it treats its past."
To oppose the source of a dangerous communalist subversion of the nation, Athar Ali did not disdain activist positions. His support for the well-known anti-communal organisation Sahmat (Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust) was firm and unqualified.
Works
The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb, 1966, OUP,
The Apparatus of Empire: Awards of Ranks, Offices and Titles to the Mughal Nobility, 1574-1658, 1985,
The Perception of India in Akbar and Abu'l Fazl" in Akbar and His India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,1997
Mughal India. Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society and Culture, Oxford University Press, 2008,
References
20th-century Indian historians
People from Aligarh
Aligarh Muslim University alumni
Aligarh Muslim University faculty
Analysts of Ayodhya dispute
1925 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Historians of India
Historians of South Asia
Scholars from Uttar Pradesh
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6901181
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisker%20method
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Brisker method
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The Brisker method, or Brisker derech, is a reductionistic approach to Talmud study innovated by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk (Brest, Belarus), as opposed to the traditional approach which was rather holistic. It has since become popular and spread to yeshivas around the world. The Brisker method is also known as the "conceptual" approach to Talmud study, and is often referred to simply as lomdus (lit. "analytical study").
See .
Theory
Broadly speaking, before the Brisker method, Talmudic texts were taken at "face value" unless there was a compelling reason not to. If a contradiction between two texts was discovered, then it became necessary to reinterpret one or both texts in order to reconcile them. But there was no standard method by which to perform this reconciliation. Any explanation which one offered, which seemed reasonable, would be accepted.
The Brisker method replaces this approach with a methodical search for precise definitions of each concept involved in the discussion. Once the mechanism by which a law works is rigidly and correctly defined, it can become clear that one aspect of the definition applies in one situation but not another. Therefore, the final halacha will differ in the two situations, even if they superficially appear to be very similar.
Often an entire series of disagreements among the Rishonim (Talmudic commentaries from roughly the period 1000–1500) may stem back to a subtle difference in how these Rishonim understand a line from the Talmud. The Brisker method can provide a precise formulation of how each Rishon understood the topic, and thus account for their differences in opinion. This approach is most spectacular when a whole series of debates between two Rishonim can be shown to revolve around a single "chakira", or difference in the understanding of a Talmudic concept.
The Brisker method is not a total break from the past. Rabbis before Brisk sometimes made "conceptual" distinctions, and Brisker rabbis can still resolve issues without recourse to the terminology they invented. The difference is one of focus and degree. Non-Brisk analysis tends to formulate "conceptual" definitions only when necessary, while for Briskers, these definitions are the first and most common tool to be used when approaching a Talmudic issue.
One example of Rabbi Chaim's emphasis on the value of precise definition can be found in quote: "One approach which answers three different problems is better than three different approaches to individually solve the three problems" (a corollary of Occam's razor).
Examples
Some of the distinctions which follow may appear to be meaningless: the two alternatives are simply different ways of expressing exactly the same concept. This is indeed a significant danger when formulating Brisker concepts. Therefore, it is routine, upon formulating the distinction, to search for a nafka minnah for the distinction - an empirical case in which the two understandings in fact lead to different results. Only when a nafka minnah (even a rare and impractical one) is identified can one be sure that one's Brisker distinction is valid. Each distinction listed below has at least one nafka minnah, even if not specified here.
Cheftza/gavra ("object/person") refers to distinctions made between a person and his/her actions (or the actions done upon him/her). For example, the Brisker Rav states (Yevamoth 2a) that a forbidden incestual relative is considered a "forbidden person," while though a menstruating woman is not a "forbidden person," the sexual act performed with her is forbidden.
Siman/sibah ("effect/cause"): Does A cause B, or is A a result of the presence of B? For example, an adhesion on the lung makes a slaughtered animal non-"glatt kosher", but the Shulchan Aruch and the Rama disagree whether it makes the animal non-kosher altogether. This disagreement appears to be based on the question: Does the adhesion cause non-kosher-ness? Or does it potentially result from non-kosher-ness, but also potentially result from a situation in which the animal remains kosher? The Shulchan Aruch holds the former; the Rama holds the latter, in which case an animal with adhesions can be checked and subsequently found to be kosher.
Active vs. passive: There may be a distinction between a specified exemption in the halakha, and a scenario where the halakha simply fails to obligate someone.
("two laws"): A Talmudic law can be shown to consist of two or more distinct components. Then, one component can be shown not to apply in a certain case, thus resolving a contradiction between the halachic rules in two situations. An example of this is Rabbi Chaim Brisker's interpretation of (Bava Kama 88a) that there is one law for a man to circumcise his son and another that obligates the son himself to be circumcised. In this case, after the son is circumcised, the obligation of circumcision present in both laws is fulfilled, although it is impossible for both laws to be fulfilled in their entirety.
"Is the principle stated here merely an application of a general rule, or is it a different and unique principle, specialized to our context?" This distinction is demonstrated in a story involving Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik and witnessed by Rabbi Yehezkel Abramsky. A person died, followed shortly thereafter by another, wealthier person. The Chevra Kadisha (Jewish burial society), rather than follow the first-come, first-served policy mandated by halacha, buried the rich person first. A relative of the poorer person came to demand an apology from the Chevra Kadisha. Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik consulted the Laws of Mourning from Rambam' Mishneh Torah for just a moment before telling the relative: "The Chevra Kadisha were wrong, but that is between them and God. I will inform them that their conduct was improper, but you are not involved here." After the fellow left, Rabbi Soloveitchik explained to his colleague, Rabbi Abramsky, that the question at hand was this: certainly Judaism has a general principle of first-come, first-served, because of the rule that when faced with the opportunity to do a mitzvah, one should not pass it up. If this is the only reason that first-come, first-served applies in the case of burials, then one who violates it is no more in the wrong than one who has passed over any mitzva opportunity, and his/her offense is between himself/herself and God. Or, instead, there may be a specialized notion of first-come, first-served when it comes to burials, to avoid offending the bereaved. Only according to the latter reasoning would an apology be required. Rabbi Soloveitchik found that Maimonides made no explicit mention of first-come, first-served in his Laws of Mourning, and thus extrapolated that only the generalized notion of first-come, first-served applies to burial. Therefore, the bereaved could not demand an apology. Upon hearing this reasoning, Rabbi Abramsky exclaimed (in a positive way), "Rabbi Soloveitchik can deduce laws from the fact that Maimonides says nothing at all!"
History
The famed yeshiva of Volozhin, arguably the first modern yeshiva, favored a traditionalist approach towards Talmudics under the leadership of the Netziv, which often required absorbing a great amount of Talmudic material to acquire a "general Talmudic feel" before analyzing a topic. Later, however, Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik became a lecturer at Volozhin. At this point, around the year 1880, Rabbi Chaim's new methods first became public.
However, as Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik suggested in his eulogy for the Brisker Rov, the full, true "Brisk approach" as we know it today was not developed until Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik had been rabbi of Brisk for many years. The notes that Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik used for his lectures at the yeshiva of Volozhin (years before he assumed the Brisk pulpit) are still extant today, and the approach found there is not as well-developed as in (his and others') later published works. The notes could best be described as "proto-Brisk lomdus", a term which could be used regarding the works of the Beis HaLevi as well. Several modern scholars agree with this notion of "proto-Brisk", and it can be heard in the lectures of Rabbi Dr. Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff. Nonetheless, as seen above, even "proto-Brisk" was already different enough and popular enough to cause significant tension at the Volozhin yeshiva.
An additional major influence on the "Brisk approach" was a Rabbi Mendel Epstein of Slutzk. Rabbi Chaim "Brisker" Soloveitchik spent several early teenage years in Slutzk, where Rabbi Epstein served as his melamed (Judaics teacher for pre-college levels). Rabbi Chaim later claimed that much of the "Brisker derech" attributed to him was founded on Rabbi Epstein's approach; however, as a small town's melamed, Rabbi Epstein and his ideas never achieved fame.
The Brisker method has a certain parallel in the Dor Revi'i (commentary on Hullin) of Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner. Many scholars had been perplexed by the Rambam's rulings, as they had been used to understanding the Talmud according to the Franco-German school of Rashi and Tosafot, as opposed to the Babylonian Geonic school followed by Rambam. Rabbi Glasner insisted that Rambam's interpretations follow perfectly from the Talmud once he is interpreted on his own terms. Rabbi Glasner's methods coincided remarkably with those Rabbi Chaim; Rabbi Glasner's methods caused a sensation in the Lithuanian yeshivot in the late 1920s and early 1930s, producing astonishment that a Hungarian rabbi had independently formulated a method so similar to Rabbi Haim's.
Controversy
When it first appeared, some scholars denounced the Brisk approach as "chemistry", as it sought to analyze each Talmudic law by breaking it down into components, whereas a traditionalist approach focused more on the entirety of the laws.
While the Brisker method has won acceptance in almost all yeshivas today, it has its opponents. These include Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz (1878–1953) (known as the Chazon Ish), who felt that often the existing approach to a Talmudic portion was sufficient.
Additionally, the Brisker method is not widely used in modern yeshivas which stem from the Mirrer Yeshiva (originally from Russia), which instead tend to stress single, unifying themes throughout Talmudic concepts, often focusing on only one Rishon if it is seen as the most "truthful" approach to a Talmudic passage.
Yeshivot influenced by Telz, likewise, adopt a broader approach.
See also .
In Brisker yeshivas, the tractates studied deviate from the tractates popular in most yeshivas. Most yeshivas learn the Talmudic laws of money, property, marriage, and divorce. In Brisk, there is a greater tendency toward Kodashim tractates, as well as Nazir and Sotah (more ritually oriented) tractates in Nashim. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik is noted for a tendency to study tractates in Seder Moed, a tendency formalized by Yeshiva University's decision to learn a tractate from Seder Moed every four years.
R Chaim was aware of the opposition to his method, but defended it. In response to a rabbi who insisted on taking the words of the Gemara at face value, R Chaim replied: A term may refer to different laws in different contexts. For example, the Talmud requires "panim chadashos" (meaning "a new presence" or "new faces") at the Sheva Brachos celebration, i.e. a guest must be present who had not attended the wedding. Elsewhere, the Talmud comments that once sacrificial meat has been burned to ashes, the ashes no longer have a sacrificial status, as "panim chadashos ba'u l'chan" – "a new presence has arrived", meaning that the ashes are not the same as the meat. "So if you were at a Sheva Brachos party, and you looked around and everyone there had already been at this couple's wedding, why not just take some meat and burn it to ashes?", challenged Rabbi Chaim. Clearly, the phrase "panim chadashos" has different meanings in the contexts of wedding celebrations and sacrificial meat.
R Chaim was also opposed to 'overdoing' the method. In response to a Rabbi who claimed that Kiddushin does not take effect once for all time, but rather constantly renews itself every moment (has a ''), R Chaim simply and sarcastically replied "Mazel Tov" (as if to say that according to such a view, the Rabbi had just gotten married); thereby indicating his view that such an approach was ridiculous.
References
Works by the Brisker school
Hiddushei Rabbenu Chaim Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGra"ch al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGri"z al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al Kiddush Hachodesh and Seder Moed - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haTorah - by same
Iggros haGri"d - by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik
Shiurei haRav Aharon Lichtenstein (multiple volumes) - by Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein
Birkas Shmuel - by R' Baruch Ber from Kamenitz
Secondary sources
Solomon, Norman. The Analytic Movement: Hayyim Soloveitchik and His Circle. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1993.
Zevin, Shlomo Yosef. Ishim ve-shitot. Tel Aviv: A. Tziuni, 1966.
External links
"Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik on the Brisker Method"
Talmud
Learning methods
Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty
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6901183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widespread%20Bloodshed%20Love%20Runs%20Red
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Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red
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Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red is the only studio album by American thrash metal band No Mercy, released in 1987 by Suicidal Records.
In 1989 "Master of No Mercy", "Controlled by Hatred", "My Own Way of Life", and "Waking the Dead" were re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...Déjà Vu album, after Mike Clark had joined their band. "We're Evil", "Crazy But Proud", "I'm Your Nightmare", and "Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red" were later re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their No Mercy Fool!/The Suicidal Family album.
Track listing
"We're Evil"
"Crazy But Proud"
"Master of No Mercy"
"Day of the Damned"
"Controlled by Hatred"
"I'm Your Nightmare"
"Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red"
"My Own Way of Life"
"Waking the Dead"
Personnel
Mike Muir – vocals
Mike Clark – guitar
Ric Clayton – bass
Sal Troy – drums
Produced by Mike Muir
References
1987 debut albums
No Mercy (metal band) albums
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17331247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jochen%20Schweizer
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Jochen Schweizer
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Jochen Schweizer (born 23 June 1957) is a German entrepreneur. He founded the eponymous group of companies that offers, among other things, experience vouchers. Schweizer is a pioneer of extreme sports and bungee jumping in Germany. He has worked as a stuntman in films and advertising, set several world records and appears several times in the Guinness Book of World Records. Schweizer also works as a motivational speaker.
Biography
Education and world records
Schweizer was born in Ettlingen near Karlsruhe, he grew up in Heidelberg. After the Abitur, he traveled through Africa. Working for an international freight forwarding company, he first led shipments for the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit in West Africa and was subsequently appointed Managing Director of the new branch office in Munich. In the 1980s, Schweizer had various engagements as a stuntman. He performed a bungee jump in Willy Bogner's action film "Fire, Ice and Dynamite". In the following years, Schweizer set several world records, including in 1997 for the jump from a helicopter with the longest bungee rope and the highest fall distance of 1,050 meters. The same year, Schweizer ended his career as a stuntman.
Entrepreneurial activities
In 1985, Schweizer founded the event and advertising agency Kajak Sports Productions, headquartered in Munich. This company later became the foundation for the Jochen Schweizer Group. Kajak Sports Productions produced several fun sports and action sports movies, such as "Mad Family", "Over the Edge", "Topolinaden" and "Verdon – Die Schlucht gestern und heute". In 1989 the company opened the first stationary facility in Germany, located in Oberschleißheim. It is the oldest still active jumping facility in Europe. In subsequent years the company expanded its activities to include other activities and adventures, such as the vertical catwalk show.
Schweizer's companies faced a major crisis in 2003 due to a fatal accident at the Florianturm in Dortmund. The company changed its business and focused on selling experiences from then on. In 2004 the company started to sell experience vouchers over the Internet. Later, they opened their own stores in Germany, with experience vouchers also sold through trading partners. Today, the Jochen Schweizer Group offers a total of 1,900 different experiences, employs 500 people and achieves an annual turnover of 70 million euros. The company is the market leader for experience vouchers in Germany.
In addition to his position as general manager of the Jochen Schweizer Group, Schweizer is an investor. Jochen Schweizer Ventures is involved in numerous startups. In 2014 and 2015 Schweizer was part of Die Höhle der Löwen on VOX.
Literary works
In 2010, Schweizer published his biography entitled "Warum Menschen fliegen können müssen" ("Why People Have to Fly"). The book was reviewed positively and appeared in 2014 as an audio book. In 2015 Schweizer published his second book "Der perfekte Moment" ("The Perfect Moment"). It became a bestseller.
References
Further reading
External links
1957 births
German performance artists
German stunt performers
Businesspeople from Heidelberg
Living people
Bungee jumpers
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6901215
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20sleeper%20shark
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Little sleeper shark
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The little sleeper shark (Somniosus rostratus) is a small sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae found in the northeast Atlantic, western Mediterranean, and western Pacific around New Zealand, at depths between 200 and 1,000 m. Its length is up to 1.43 m.
Distribution
This species is rarely encountered. It has in the northeast Atlantic and western Mediterranean. It has also been found in Israel and Cuba.
Habitat
Although currently the species has been found in water at depths of 180-2200m, it is possible that it may range deeper. It is a bathydemersal species found above sandy mud substrate on the outer continental shelves and on the upper slopes.
Ecology
Reproduction and Growth
S. rostratus reaches a maximum size of 140 cm. Males mature at 71 cm. Females mature at 80 cm and are aplacental viviparous, giving birth to 8-17 pups per litter. Much about the reproduction of this species is still unknown.
Diet
This species feeds on cephalopods such as those of the genus Histioteuthis and Todarodes sagittatus. Although the species is often caught using fishing gears for bottom-dwelling fish, the presence of these fast-moving prey items in stomach contents suggests that this organism moves throughout the deeper areas of the water column. This may partially explain the lower than expected rates of capture in deep demersal fisheries.
Threats
S. rostratus is occasionally taken on longlines and in bottom trawls in the eastern Atlantic. It is often recorded under the category "sleeper sharks" or "sharks". It is often discarded at sea when caught on the Mediterranean coast of Spain and not landed. Post-discard survival is likely very rare, though. The fish has also been historically fished for off the coast of Portugal, however by 1996 this industry had all but ended.
This animal is also caught as bycatch of general demersal and black scabbardfish fisheries in the Azores.
These threats are compounded by the fact that, like other Squaloid sharks, the Little Sleeper shark is likely to be slow to mature, and the relatively small range of the fish.
Conservation
Although no species-specific conservation measures are in place, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean has banned bottom trawling below depths of 1000m. More information is needed on the species before detailed protection can be brought in to action.
References
IUCN Redlist
Somniosus
Fish described in 1827
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
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23576315
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break%20Up%20to%20Make%20Up
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Break Up to Make Up
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"Break Up to Make Up" was a 1973 hit by the Philadelphia soul group the Stylistics. The song was written by Thom Bell, Linda Creed, and Kenneth Gamble.
An R&B ballad, it was the seventh track from their 1972 album Round 2 and was released as a single and reached number 5 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also climbed to number 5 in the Billboard R&B chart and reached number 34 in the UK Singles Chart in April 1973. The Stylistics' recording sold over one million copies in the US, earning the band a gold disc The award was presented by the RIAA on April 6, 1973. It was the band's fourth gold disc.
Chart performance
References
1973 singles
The Stylistics songs
Songs written by Thom Bell
Songs written by Linda Creed
Songs written by Kenny Gamble
1972 songs
Avco Records singles
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23576331
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20fs17
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Akaflieg Stuttgart fs17
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The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs17 was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. It notably featured a prone seating position for its pilot.
Development
Realising that aircraft form drag is directly related to cross-sectional area of bodies moving through the air, the students of Akaflieg Stuttgart (Akademische Fliegergruppe – academic flying group) investigated methods of reducing the cross-sectional area of fuselage bodies, including the prone-position pilot, where the pilot lies horizontally with his body roughly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage. They noted an additional benefit of such a configuration is the pilot's increased resistance to the effects of 'g'. With very little previous research to take advantage of Akaflieg Stuttgart designed the FS 17 glider for flight trials of prone position cockpits.
The fs17 was an all-wood low-wing cantilever monoplane with emphasis on good low-speed flight characteristics, to reduce the risk to the pilot in stalling accidents, and a maximum load factor of 14g. The fuselage was designed with increased stiffness, to provide increased crash protection for the pilot, and the wing leading edges formed torsion boxes. The pilot lay above the wing centre section under an extensively glazed canopy.
Specifications
References
Further reading
1930s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Prone pilot aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft
|
17331271
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivan%20Bhatena
|
Vivan Bhatena
|
Vivan Bhatena (born 28 October 1978) is an Indian model and actor who appears predominantly in Hindi films. His notable films include Dangal (2016), Judwaa 2 (2017) and Raja the Great (2017). Vivan won Mister India World title in 2001. In 2016, he was a contestant on Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7.
Background
Bhatena moved from modelling to acting with his first television role as Tulsi Virani's son-in-law Abhishek in Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi. He later appeared in Maayka, Kumkum - Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan and Pyaar Ka Bandhan. Bhatena, the 2001 "Mr. India" title holder, was also seen on the stage in Sandiip Sikcand's Champagne On The House. He was also seen in Falguni Pathak's video Maine Payal Hain Chankaayi.
Television
Filmography
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
21st-century Indian male actors
Indian male models
Indian male film actors
Indian male television actors
Male actors from Mumbai
Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi participants
|
17331272
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/169%20Squadron
|
169 Squadron
|
169 Squadron or 169th Squadron may refer to:
No. 169 Squadron RAF, a unit of the United Kingdom Royal Air Force
169th Airlift Squadron (United States), a unit of the United States Air Force
HMLA-169 (Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 169), a United States Marine Corps helicopter squadron consisting
|
23576344
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Firestein
|
Jack Firestein
|
Jack Firestein (1917–2004) was British Socialist and Labour activist.
Life
He was born in Whitechapel, London, England, to an eastern European Jewish family, he left school when he was 14 to follow his father as a tailor, he later became a bookseller, a profession he continued most of his life. In the early 1930s Firestein joined the Communist Party. In 1936, he was involved in the 'Battle of Cable Street', when Oswald Mosley's Blackshirts were routed by a mobilisation of East End workers. In the Second World War he joined the Royal Fusiliers who were involved in the Italian campaigns in Italy. He was seriously injured when a bullet passed through his body in the battle of Anzio, where he was taken prisoner by the Germans. Jack was subsequently awarded the Military Medal.
After the war he went back to the book trade and in the 1950s he ran the Unity Theatre, London Folk Club in London for more than 16 years, until the theatre was burnt down in 1975. He also worked as a chauffeur for Clive Jenkins a British trade union leader for many years. He left the Communist Party in 1956 after the Soviet Union suppression of the Hungarian Uprising that year.
He joined the Labour Party and remained a member until his death, He ran an open-air book stall outside of the headquarters of Camden Labour Party – although his disillusionment with the party led him to join the then recently formed Respect Party without renouncing his Labour Party membership. He was deeply involved with his local Neighbourhood Advice Centre as a trustee on the management board, and he also dedicated many hours to helping others with welfare problems.
In 2009, Chris Reeves, a London filmmaker of Platform films, made a film remembrance of his life entitled "Only a Bookseller". It was accepted into the 2010 Canadian Labour International Film Festival (CLiFF).
References
Unity Theatre, London
1 A short history of nearly everything... (2006) (http://www.unityfolkclub.org/history.html)
2 Dan Carrier, Camden New Journal - (21 October 2004)
3 JACK FIRESTEIN – ONLY A BOOKSELLER by Chris Reeves, UK 2009. London Socialist Film Co-op (11 October 2009) (https://web.archive.org/web/20110929203028/http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/LSFC_web2009-10_OCT.pdf)
Workers Action
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20110613012734/http://www.camdennewjournal.co.uk/2004%20archive/211004/n211004_4.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20061001111213/http://www.workersaction.org.uk/28Articles/28_Firestein.htm
http://www.labourfilms.ca
https://web.archive.org/web/20110929203028/http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/LSFC_web2009-10_OCT.pdf
http://www.unityfolkclub.org/
http://www.grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197:jack-firestein-&catid=6:f&Itemid=21
1917 births
2004 deaths
Bibliography
|
17331287
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutes%20%28surname%29
|
Lutes (surname)
|
Lutes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Della T. Lutes (1867–1942), an American writer, editor, and expert on cooking and housekeeping
Eric Lutes (born 1962), an American actor
Franklin W. Lutes (1840–1915), a United States Army soldier
Jason Lutes (born 1967), an American comics creator
LeRoy Lutes (1890–1980), a decorated American military officer
Nettie Cronise Lutes (1843–1923), the first woman admitted to the bar in Ohio
Rob Lutes (born 1968), a Canadian folk and blues musician
Scott Lutes (born 1962), a Canadian Paralympic sailor
|
17331321
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Reeves
|
Martin Reeves
|
Martin Reeves (born 7 September 1981) is an English former football midfielder who last played for Brackley Town.
References
Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required)
Sporting-heroes.net
Profile
1981 births
Living people
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Premier League players
Leicester City F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Hucknall Town F.C. players
Brackley Town F.C. players
|
23576369
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosecurity
|
Neurosecurity
|
Neurosecurity has been defined as "a version of computer science security principles and methods applied to neural engineering", or more fully, as "the protection of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of neural devices from malicious parties with the goal of preserving the safety of a person’s neural mechanisms, neural computation, and free will". Neurosecurity also refers to the application of neuroscience to behavioral information security to better understand and improve users' security behaviors. Neurosecurity is a distinct concept from neuroethics; neurosecurity is effectively a way of enforcing a set of neuroethical principles for a neural device. Neurosecurity is also distinct from the application of neuroscience to national security, a topic that is addressed in Mind Wars: Brain Research and National Defense by Jonathan D. Moreno.
The Center for Neurotechnology Studies of the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, in Arlington, VA, USA works with a number of university and governmental partners on issues, problems and protocols for neurosecurity. James Giordano, Director of the Center, defines neurosecurity as "concepts, practices, guidelines and policies dedicated to identifying threats to, and preserving the integrity of neuro-psychiatric information about persons, groups and populations obtained in neuroscientific research and/or through the use of neurotechnologies (such as neuroimaging, neurofeedback, neurogenetics, and neuro-computational data banks) in medicine, the social sphere, and national intelligence and defense".
Popular culture
The anime series Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex (2002–2003) prominently features hackers manipulating neural implants. One example is the Laughing Man's use of hacking to interfere with the reports of eyewitnesses. In another example, Major Kusanagi makes a point by taking control of some of Batou's implants and forcing him to punch himself.
Neal Stephenson's book The Diamond Age (1995) briefly refers to corporations hacking neural implants in order to superimpose advertisements onto a user's field of vision.
The world in video game Remember Me is set in the world where memory manipulation is commonplace.
See also
Brain implant
Brain-reading
Cyberware
Hacker (computer security)
Neuroprosthetics
References
Neuroscience
Security
|
17331367
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes%20bore%20hole
|
Hughes bore hole
|
The Hughes Borehole is an acid mine drainage site located near the southwest central borough of Portage, Pennsylvania in Cambria County. In the 1920s, a hole was drilled in order to remove water from the myriad coal mines in the area. In the 1950s, the bore hole was capped, but in the 1970s, enough pressure was established to blow off the cap. As a result, an estimated volume of water in the range of 800 to 3,500 gallons per minute flows from the bore hole. It is estimated that a daily amount of 8,000 pounds of dissolved metals has flooded a area and pollutes the nearby Little Conemaugh River.
Today, this devastated area has been compared with that of the Yellowstone Mud Pots and resembles an area of eerie beauty. All that remains is bare flooded and yellowish red soil periodically spotted with dead standing trees. It also contains a large amount of green iron eating algae that adds to the color of the area.
Efforts are currently underway in an attempt to mitigate the situation.
References
External links
YouTube video of Hughes Bore Hole (7-22-2007)
Geography of Cambria County, Pennsylvania
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23576375
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20lacerum
|
Trichocentrum lacerum
|
Trichocentrum lacerum is a species of orchid found from Central America to Colombia.
References
External links
lacerum
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Belize
Orchids of Colombia
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23576381
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/228th%20Combat%20Communications%20Squadron
|
228th Combat Communications Squadron
|
The United States Air Force's 228th Combat Communications Squadron (228 CBCS) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at McGhee-Tyson ANGB, Tennessee.
Mission
History
Assignments
Major Command/Gaining Command
Air National Guard/Air Combat Command (1 Jun 1992 – present)
Air National Guard/Tactical Air Command (16 Oct 1971 – 1 Jun 1992)
Wing/Group
226th Combat Communications Group (1971 – present)
Previous designations
228th Combat Communications Squadron (???-Present)
228th Mobile Communications Squadron (Contingency) (16 October 1971-???)
Bases stationed
McGhee-Tyson ANGB, Tennessee (1971 – present)
Equipment Operated
TRC-170
TSC-85C
TSC-94
PSC-5D
Awards and decorations
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award (AFOUO):1 January 1976 – 31 December 1977;1 January – 31 December 1990;1 September 1997 – 31 August 1999;
References
External links
Combat Communications 0228
Combat Communications 0228
Military units and formations in Tennessee
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17331379
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung%20Bu-kyung
|
Jung Bu-kyung
|
Jung Bu-kyung ( born May 26, 1978 in Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean judoka and professional mixed martial artist.
Judo career
Jung began judo at the age of eleven under the instruction of his father. He won a gold medal at the 1998 World University Judo Championships in Prague. Two years later, he won a silver medal at the -60 kg category of the 2000 Summer Olympics. In the final, he lost to three-time Olympic champion Tadahiro Nomura by ippon only fourteen seconds into the match.
After graduation from Korea National Sport University in 2001, he continued to train with the KRA Judo Team. He moved up in weight to the 66 kg class, and won a gold medal at the 2003 Asian Judo Championships in Jeju. However, Jung failed to qualify for the 2004 Olympic Games by losing to Bang Gui-man in the national qualification match.
Mixed martial arts career
Jung made his MMA debut on 31 December 2007 against Japanese grappler Shinya Aoki at Yarennoka!. Jung was replacing American Top Team's Gesias Calvancanti, who tore a ligament in his left knee while training to fight Aoki. Although Jung lost by unanimous decision, he proved to be a formidable opponent in his mixed martial arts debut.
Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0-4
| Katsunori Kikuno
| TKO (strikes and stomps)
| DEEP - 40 Impact
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:15
| Tokyo, Japan
| DEEP Lightweight Tournament Semi-finals
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0-3
| Daisuke Nakamura
| KO (punch)
| Dream 3: Lightweight Grand Prix 2008 Second Round
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:19
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0-2
| Mitsuhiro Ishida
| Decision (unanimous)
| Dream 1: Lightweight Grand Prix 2008 First Round
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0-1
| Shinya Aoki
| Decision (unanimous)
| Yarennoka!
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Japan
|
References
External links
Database Olympics
1978 births
Living people
Judoka at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka of South Korea
Olympic silver medalists for South Korea
Olympic medalists in judo
South Korean male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing judo
South Korean male judoka
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Seoul
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23576386
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/232d%20Combat%20Communications%20Squadron
|
232d Combat Communications Squadron
|
The United States Air Force's 232d Combat Communications Squadron (232 CBCS) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at Abston Air National Guard Station, Montgomery, Alabama.
Combat Communications 0232
Squadrons of the United States Air National Guard
Military units and formations in Alabama
|
23576392
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/234th%20Intelligence%20Squadron
|
234th Intelligence Squadron
|
The United States Air Force's 234th Intelligence Squadron is an Air National Guard intelligence unit located at Beale Air Force Base, California.
History
Lineage
234th Mobile Communications Flight
Constituted as the 234th Airways and Air Communications Service Operations Flight and allotted to the Air National Guard
Activated on 20 November 1952
Redesignated 234th Airways and Air Communications Service Flight, Mobile c. 11 January 1953
Redesignated 234th Mobile Communications Flight (Heavy) on 1 July 1961
Inactivated c. 20 January 1966
234th Intelligence Squadron
Constituted as the 234th Mobile Communications Squadron on 1 January 1966 and allotted to the Air National Guard
Activated c. 6 September 1966
Redesignated 234th Mobile Communications Squadron (Bare Base) on 16 March 1968
Redesignated 234th Mobile Communications Squadron (Tactical Air Base) unknown
Redesignated 234th Combat Communications Squadron (Tactical Air Base) on 1 April 1976
Redesignated 234th Combat Information Systems Squadron on 1 July 1985
Redesignated 234th Combat Communications Squadron on 1 October 1986
Redesignated 234th Intelligence Squadron on 1 December 2004
Assignments
144th Maintenance and Supply Group, 20 November 1952
144th Fighter-Bomber Wing, c. 11 January 1953
162d Communications Group (later 162d Mobile Communications Group, 162d Combat Communications Group, 162d Combat Informations Systems Group, 162d Combat Communications Group) (attached to 548th Intelligence Group after 1 December 2004), 1 July 1961 – c. 20 January 1966, c. 6 September 1966
195th Wing, 1 September 2015 – present
Stations
Hayward Municipal Airport, California, 20 November 1952 – c. 20 January 1966
Hayward Municipal Airport (later Hayward Air National Guard Station), California, c. 6 September 1966
Beale Air Force Base, California, c. 1 December 2004 – present
Equipment Operated
References
External links
Squadrons of the United States Air National Guard
0234
|
17331423
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmisa
|
Lakshmisa
|
Lakshmisa (or Lakshmisha, ) was a noted Kannada language writer who lived during the mid-16th or late 17th century. His most important writing, Jaimini Bharata is a version of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The writing focuses on the events following the battle of Indraprastha between the Pandavas and Kauravas, using the Ashvamedha ("horse sacrifice") conducted by Yudhishthira as the topic of the epic narrative. The writing is in the shatpadi metre (hexa-metre, 6 line verse) and was inspired by the Sanskrit original written by sage Jaimini.
Life
The place, time and religious sect that Lakshmisa belonged to has been a subject of controversy among historians. Some historians believe he was a native of Devanur in modern Kadur taluk, Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka state. It is claimed that his family deity was "Lakshmiramana" (a form of Hindu God Vishnu) to whom he dedicated his writing. Devanur was called by multiple names in his writing; Surapura and Girvanapura. Other historians feel Surapura is located in the erstwhile Hyderabad region. Some historians believe that Lakshmisa was an Advaitin or a Smartha Brahmin (believer of monistic philosophy) of the Bhagavata sect because the poet has invoked the names of Hindu God Shiva, his consort Parvati and son Ganapati in the beginning of his writing. However, despite these invocations, he may have been a Srivaishnava (a follower of the Visishtadvaita philosophy preached by 12th century philosopher Ramanujacharya), there being examples of other Srivaishnava poets (who wrote in Kannada) who praised the God Shiva, Parvati and Ganapati in their writings.
There is also controversy about when he wrote Jaimini Bharata. Scholars have assigned him various dates, the earliest being , but more generally mid–16th century, and late 17th century. The 16th century or earlier dating is based on similarities between Virupaksha Pandita's (1584 CE) Chennabasava Purana and Lakshmisa's work, while the 17th century dating is based on the claim that no author, Brahmin or otherwise, has referenced his writing and directly mentioned his name in any literature during the period 15th century through late 17th century. Whereas, authors who do mention Lakshmisa regularly in their writings are from the 18th century.
Magnum opus
The Jaimini Bharata, one of the most well known stories in Kannada literature was written in the tradition of sage Jaimini. It has remained popular through the centuries. In a writing full of similes and metaphors, puns and alliterations, Lakshmisa created a human tale out of an epic, earning him the honorific "Upamalola" ("One who revels in similes and metaphors") and "Nadalola" ("Master of melody"). The writing focusses on the events following the battle when the victorious Pandavas conducted the Ashvamedha Yagna to expiate the sin of fratricide. The writing differs entirely from Kumara Vyasa's rendering of the same epic (called Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari) of c. 1430, both in metre and content. Kumara Vyasa had used the flexible bhamini shatpadi metre and followed the Vyasa tradition whereas Lakshmisa used the vardhaka shatpadi metre which is well suited for figures of speech. The work has been criticised though, for failing to achieve the level of devotion towards Hindu God Krishna that Kumara Vyasa managed in the various stages of his story.
However, Lakshmisa is considered a successful story-teller with an ability to narrate the Upakhyanas ("story within a story"), describe the physical beauty of a woman at length and to hold the reader with his rich Kannada diction and rhetoric. The writing has been considered an asset to the enlightened reader as well as those not so educated. Lakshmisa authored some poems reminiscent of the Haridasa poetry but without the same success.
In 1852, the Wesleyan Mission Press published the Jaimini Bharata with an English translation by Daniel Sanderson, a Wesleyan missionary at the Bangalore Wesleyan Canarese Mission.
Notes
References
External links
Kannada Jaimini Bharata by Lakshmisha Kavi and its English translation
History of Karnataka
Kannada poets
People from Chikkamagaluru district
Kannada people
Indian male poets
Poets from Karnataka
16th-century Indian poets
17th-century Indian poets
17th-century male writers
|
17331427
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Wilson
|
Stuart Wilson
|
Stuart Wilson may refer to:
Stuart Wilson (actor) (born 1946), English actor
Stuart Wilson (footballer) (born 1977), English football midfielder
Stuart Wilson (archaeologist) (born 1979), English archaeologist
Stuart Wilson (Big Brother) (born 1984), contestant in Big Brother UK
Stuart Wilson (golfer) (born 1977), Scottish golfer
Stuart Wilson (sound engineer), Academy Award nominated sound engineer
Stuart Wilson (rower), lightweight rower who has competed for Great Britain and Australia
Stuart Wilson (musician), musician from the Cayman Islands
See also
Stu Wilson (born 1954), former New Zealand rugby union player
Stu Wilson (American football) (1907–1963), American football player
Stewart Wilson (born 1942), Scottish rugby union player
Stewart Murray Wilson (born 1947), New Zealand sexual offender
|
23576394
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/236th%20Combat%20Communications%20Squadron
|
236th Combat Communications Squadron
|
The United States Air Force's 236th Combat Communications Squadron (236 CBCS) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at Hammond, Louisiana. It is part of the Louisiana Air National Guard. In late 2011, approximately 30 members of the squadron deployed to Afghanistan.
Assignments
Major Command/Gaining Command
14th Air Force (1953 – 1979)
Air Force Communications Command (1979–1993?)
Air National Guard/Air Force Communications Service/254th Combat Communications Group (1978 – present)
Air Force Space Command (? – present)
Previous designations
236th Airways Air Communication Service Flight (1953–1976)
236th Combat Communications Flight (1976–1982)
236th Combat Communications Squadron (1982–1985)
236th Combat Information Systems Squadron (1985–1986)
236th Combat Communications Squadron (1986 – present)
Bases stationed
New Orleans Airport (1953–1954)
Hammond Airport (1954 – present)
Equipment Operated
MPN-14 Mobile Air Traffic Control Radar System throughout the 1980s.
Mobile Air Traffic Control Tower (1980s).
Mobile Crypto Communications System (1980s).
Satellite Communications Arrays (1980s).
Awards/Decorations
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award: 1 May 1976 – 30 April 1978; 1 January 1989 – 31 December 1990; 1 May 1992 – 30 April 1993; 1 May 1993 – 30 April 1994; 1 May 1995 – 30 April 1996; 1 July 1998 – 30 June 2000; 1 October 2006 – 30 September 2008.
Emblem
Blue and yellow are the Air Force colors. Blue alludes to the sky, the primary theater of Air Force operations. Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel. The fleur-de-lis represents the Squadron and alludes to the French heritage of the unit's home location. The three stars on the fleur-de-lis stand for the professionalism, dedication, and military preparedness exhibited by the personnel of the unit. The globe suggests the unit's worldwide deployment capability. The polestar symbolizes the North Star and represents the unit's wartime air traffic control and navigational aids mission.
See also
List of United States Air Force communications squadrons
References
External links
236th Combat Communications Squadron (official website)
Combat Communications 0236
Squadrons of the United States Air National Guard
Military units and formations in Louisiana
|
17331431
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lute%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Lute (disambiguation)
|
A lute is a plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back.
Lute or lutes may also refer to:
People
Lute (rapper) (Luther Nicholson, born 1989), American rapper
Luther Lute Barnes (born 1947), former Major League Baseball player
Lutellus Lute Boone (1890– 1982), Major League Baseball player
Luther Lute Jerstad (1936– 1998), American mountaineer and mountain guide
Lute Olson (born 1934), American basketball coach nicknamed "Lute"
Lucius Lute Pease (1869– 1963), American editorial cartoonist and journalist
Douglas Lute (born 1952), retired United States Army lieutenant general
Jane Holl Lute (born 1956), United States government official, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security from 2009 through 2013, wife of Douglas Lute
El Lute, nickname of Eleuterio Sánchez (born 1942), Spanish pardoned criminal and writer
Lutes (surname), including a list of people with the name
Places
Lute, Poland, a village
Lutes Mountain, New Brunswick, Canada
Other uses
Lute (material), a substance used historically in chemistry and alchemy experiments
Lute of Pythagoras, a geometric figure
Lute!, a 2012 rework of Blondel (musical)
Lutes (brand name), a combined estrogen and progestogen medication
Lutes, nickname of Pacific Lutheran University in Parkland, Washington, U.S.
See also
Lutte (disambiguation)
|
23576402
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/239th%20Combat%20Communications%20Squadron
|
239th Combat Communications Squadron
|
The United States Air Force's 239th Combat Communications Squadron is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. The unit has approximately 120 personnel.
Lineage
Constituted as the 239th Airways and Air Communications Service Flight
Activated by February 1954
Redesignated 239th Mobile Communications Flight (Light) on 1 June 1961
Redesignated 239th Mobile Communications Flight
Redesignated 239th Combat Communications Flight on 1 April 1976
Redesignated 239th Combat Communications Squadron on 8 October 1982
Redesignated 239th Combat Information Systems Squadron on 1 July 1985
Redesignated 239th Combat Communications Squadron on 1 November 1986
Assignments
242d Airways and Air Communications Service Squadron by February 1954
254th Combat Communications Group251st Communications Group (later 251st Mobile Communications Group, 251st Combat Communications Group, 251st Combat Information Systems Group, 251st Combat Communications Group
131st Bomb Wing
Stations
Lambert Field (later Robertson Air National Guard Base), Missouri, by February 1954
Jefferson Barracks, Missouri
Major Command/Gaining Command
Airways and Air Communications Service (later Air Force Communications Service, Air Force Communications Command), by February 1954
Air Combat Command, June 1992
Air Force Space Command (???-2017)
Air National Guard/Air Combat Command (2018 – present)
See also
List of United States Air Force communications squadrons
References
Combat Communications 0239
Military units and formations in Missouri
Squadrons of the United States Air National Guard
|
17331461
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%27%20Que%20la%20Pases%20Bien
|
Pa' Que la Pases Bien
|
"Pa' Que la Pases Bien" () is a single by American reggaeton artist Arcángel from his first compilation album El Fenomeno, released in February 2008.
When the album was almost completed, some of the tracks from the album were leaked onto the Internet. It was at that point that Arcángel decided to distribute the album free of charge, via download. The single is also available to download for free.
Although the single was distributed for free, the song was able to peak at number 32 on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Airplay chart, because of heavy radio play.
Charts
References
2008 singles
Arcángel (singer) songs
Spanish-language songs
2007 songs
Universal Music Group singles
|
23576422
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20R.%20Peacocke
|
M. R. Peacocke
|
Margaret Ruth Peacocke (born 1930), also known as Meg Peacocke, is an English poet.
Life
Peacocke was born Margaret Ruth Bennett in Reading, Berkshire to Joan Esther, née Spink (1901–1983) and (Harry) Rodney Bennett (1890–1948), a children's author and lyricist. She had an elder sister Anne (b.1926) and younger brother, the composer Richard Rodney Bennett (19362012), with whom she collaborated on a number of vocal and choral works, starting in the 1980s. She grew up in South Devon and she studied English at St Anne's College, Oxford.
In 1958, she married Gerald S. P. Peacocke, although they have since divorced. She has four children: Tamsin Peacocke, who has four children; Tully Peacocke; Barnaby Peacocke, who has two children; and Harriet Peacocke, who also has two children.
Awards
Cholmondeley Award 2005
Works
Out of print.
Reprinted 2004, 2005, 2012.
References
1930 births
People from Reading, Berkshire
Living people
English women poets
Alumni of St Anne's College, Oxford
|
17331471
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your%20Smiling%20Face
|
Your Smiling Face
|
"Your Smiling Face" is a hit single by singer James Taylor. First available on the album JT, and released as the album's sophomore single in September 1977, "Your Smiling Face" peaked at number 11 in Cash Box magazine and at 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 near year's end. It reached number 11 on the RPM Top Singles chart in Canada. On Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, it reached number 6.
Background
Lines like "Isn't it amazing a man like me can feel this way?" reflect Taylor's surprise at his newfound happiness in his relationship with Carly Simon. Rolling Stone critic Peter Herbst described it as being "unabashedly happy". However, according to Taylor biographer Timothy White, the song was written for Taylor's and Simon's then three-year-old daughter Sally. White described the song as a "pop sonnet". Billboard Magazine described the song as a "strong followup" to "Handy Man" and described the melody as being "upbeat" and "infectious." Taylor described it as a "good, light-hearted pop love song". Cash Box said that "some whimsical vocal gymnastics that add the crucial personal touch." Herbst praises Taylor's vocal for being "a pretty convincing rock singer" on the song.
"Your Smiling Face" was a fixture in Taylor's live shows, but he had to abandon it for a while because he went through a period where he had difficulty reaching the falsetto notes.
Personnel
James Taylor – lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Danny Kortchmar – electric guitar
Leland Sklar – bass guitar
Dr. Clarence McDonald – piano
Russell Kunkel – drums
David Campbell – string arrangements, conducer
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Popular culture
The song was used in the 1978 film FM, starring Michael Brandon and Eileen Brennan.
It was parodied in the South Park episode "Fat Camp" as "The Prostitute Song."
On Sesame Street, Taylor sang a parody of the song to Oscar the Grouch titled "Whenever I See your Grouchy Face".
The trailer for Adult Swim show Smiling Friends uses the song.
References
1977 singles
James Taylor songs
Songs written by James Taylor
Song recordings produced by Peter Asher
Columbia Records singles
1977 songs
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20468744
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20history%20of%20Jack%20Kemp
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Electoral history of Jack Kemp
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Congressional elections
Presidential elections
1988 Republican presidential primaries:
George H. W. Bush - 8,258,512 (67.91%)
Bob Dole - 2,333,375 (19.19%)
Pat Robertson - 1,097,446 (9.02%)
Jack Kemp - 331,333 (2.72%)
Unpledged - 56,990 (0.47%)
Pierre S. du Pont, IV - 49,783 (0.41%)
Alexander M. Haig - 26,619 (0.22%)
Harold Stassen - 2,682 (0.02%)
1996 United States presidential election
Bill Clinton/Al Gore (D) (inc.) - 47,401,898 (49.2%) and 379 electoral votes (31 states and D.C. carried)
Bob Dole/Jack Kemp (R) - 39,198,482 (40.7%) and 159 electoral votes (19 states carried)
Ross Perot/Pat Choate (Reform) - 7,680,908 (8.0%)
Ralph Nader/Winona LaDuke (Green) - 654,731 (0.7%)
Harry Browne/Jo Jorgensen (Libertarian) - 485,134 (0.5%)
Howard Phillips/Herbert Titus (Taxpayers) - 182,723 (0.2%)
John Hagelin/Michael Tompkins (Natural Law) - 111,528 (0.1%)
Others - 674,414 (0.7%)
References
Electoral history of politicians from New York (state)
New York (state) Republicans
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23576443
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Sanford%20%28basketball%29
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Mark Sanford (basketball)
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Eumarkjah Tywan "Mark" Sanford (born February 7, 1976), is a retired American professional basketball player.
Personal life
Sanford was born in Dallas, Texas, to Beverley and Richard Sanford. He is the second oldest of five children, Richard, Anthony, Zakirah, and Crystal. In his early years he was a big football fan. He played and was coached by his father Richard until his untimely murder in 1990. Richard Sanford never saw his son play basketball. When he died, Mark was 14 years old, stood 5 feet 8 inches and played football. Mark told his father that he would play in the NFL, but in his heart - even back then - he felt he would never leave the impoverished neighborhood of South Oak Cliff, in Dallas, Texas. In the year following his father's death, Mark grew 8 inches, going from 5 feet 10 inches to 6 feet 6 inches. He stopped growing at 6 feet 10 inches.
High school career
Sanford attended Dallas Carter High School and did not start playing basketball until he was in the tenth grade. In his first year of playing organized basketball Sanford won a share of the Sophomore of the Year award with Maceo Baston of Spruce High School. Halfway through his junior year, he transferred to Carter's cross town rival Kimball High School. That year he led Kimball to an undefeated record the second half of the season while averaging 26ppg 14rebs and 4blk. Their only loss came in the Championship game to Waco High School. Kimball finished the season ranked number 6 in the Southwest.
The summer after Sanford's junior year his mother moved him to San Diego California, where he enrolled into Lincoln High School. He led Lincoln Prep to the city of San Diego's first ever State Championship.[2] Along the way he collected numerous honors from California State POY to All-State and All-American. He ranked 22nd nationally by Parade All-America in the class of 1994. Sanford was voted the MVP of the San Diego City All-Star Challenge after managing a record 10 3pts on 13 attempts and amassing 48pts. In 1996 He was inducted into the San Diego Sports Hall of fame. In his brief High School Career he scored 2,373 points, grabbed 1059 rebounds, and 413 blocks.
College career
At the University of Washington, Sanford played for the Washington Huskies.[1] He played three seasons with the team before he entered the 1997 NBA Draft. Originally, Sanford had intended to declare for the 1996 NBA Draft, but he withdrew his name from consideration. He played a total of 82 games for the Huskies scoring 1319 career point.
It did not take Sanford long to get into the Husky record books by scoring 15 points as a true Freshman in the 1st game/start of his career. In doing so he amassed the most points ever by a player in their 1st game. He was the fastest Husky to score 500 points doing so in just 32 games. He amassed 27 career 20+ point games and scored his career high of 35 points twice against USC and Jackson State, both during his sophomore year.
Sanford led the huskies in both scoring and rebounding in his Sophomore and Junior seasons. In his true Freshman year, he led all Pac-10 Freshman in scoring and rebounding with 14.5ppg, 5.7rpg. After his Freshman year he was invited to try out for the Under 19 Junior World Games in Athens, Greece. At the trials amongst other notable player such as Allen Iverson, Ray Allen, Kerry Kittles, Vince Carter, Stephon Marbury, Tim Duncan, and Marcus Camby, Sanford finished in the top 3 in 5 statistical categories (1st-scoring, 1st-steals, 2nd blocks, 2nd-FGP, 3rd-rebounds) becoming the first player to rank as high since Charles Barkley who finished number 1 in the same five categories.
He is the first player to ever leave the University of Washington early for the NBA draft. He was ranked 13th on Washington's all-time scoring list after only 3 seasons and 82 games played. He was Washington's most recognizable Husky since Detlef Schrempf. He was the Huskies' Shawn Kemp - a crowd-pleasing, high-flying dunker capable of bringing fans out of their homes on a rainy December evening and into Edmundson Pavilion.
During Sanford's tenure at Washington, season-ticket sales increased nearly 11.8 percent. Prior to his sophomore season, Washington sold 3,261 men's season tickets. His junior season, 3,701 were sold. Twelve Washington games appeared on cable television, while two aired on network TV. The Huskies sold-out home crowds against top-ranked Cincinnati, No. 11 Arizona and No. 13 UCLA.
When asked about the support and exposure for the program Sanford stated, "We've finally got the exposure this year after years when nobody cared too much about Washington basketball." He went on to say, "Now that we got the exposure and expectations, we need to win."
For his career he was a two-time first-team All-Pac-10 selection and first-team All-Freshman. He was also an All-American selection following his Junior year. He's scored 1,000 points faster than any other Washington player, but his place in UW history is largely unknown. When his career ended, he became widely remembered for his role in reviving Husky men's basketball. With one step he was known to have a 41-inch leap, able to reach as high as 12 feet 4 inches.
Harlem Globetrotters
In 1999, during the strike-shortened NBA lockout season, Sanford opted to join the Harlem Globetrotters. For his jumping ability, he earned the nickname "Airplane".
NBA
Sanford was projected to be drafted as high as #11 to the Sacramento Kings in the 1997 NBA draft. Former Sacramento Kings Head Coach Eddie Jordan said that he thought that Sanford was the best defender in college basketball and compared him offensively to Billy Owens. After putting Sanford through a workout, former Indiana Pacers Head Coach Larry Bird stated that he thought that "Mark Sanford was the most athletic and skilled player that he had seen enter the draft in the last 5 years". Bird also declared that, had Sanford stayed in school for his senior season, he would have been projected as a top-3 draft pick.
Sanford would later watched his stock plummet in the days prior to the draft after being involved in an confrontation with his then agent. As a result of the confrontation, questions about his character arose and he was eventually selected with the second pick in the second round (30th overall) by the Miami Heat. He signed a guaranteed contract in July for the 1997–98 season. Two weeks before training camp began Sanford tore his plantar fascias. After failing to play through the injury with the Miami Heat, he was released following training camp.[3]
In 1999, he signed a league minimum contract with the Sacramento Kings going by his middle name Tywan. He suffered another injury in training camp and was released upon his return. In 2002 Sanford re-entered the NBA with the New Jersey Nets on another non-guaranteed contract after turning down two other non-guaranteed offers in previous years with Utah and New Jersey. He sustained another injury and left the NBA for good after his recovery midway through the season.[4] Although his NBA career ended without ever playing in a regular season game. He did go on to have a strong international playing career.
International
Sanford was a somewhat obscure player for most of his career but he was regarded as one of the best international players ever at the height of his career. In 2001 Sanford received an offer to play for Frankfurt of the Euroleague a week after he signed a contract to play in Japan. At 6'10, 220 lbs he was the fastest, most athletic, and most talented player on the floor on most nights. His four International Championships and seven international finals appearances are a testament to his abilities and the match-up problems that they caused. He possessed the speed of a point guard, the shooting ability of a prominent shooting guard, superior athleticism, and the ability to post on the block. He did a lot of his damage from the mid post taking advantage of his mid-range jumper and quick first step to beat defenders to the rim or creating space to get off one of his silky smooth jumpers. Sanford has played basketball internationally for several clubs outside the US, including France, Belgium, Spain, the Philippines, Japan, and Australia, in which he played for the Sydney Kings of the National Basketball League (Australia). Most everyone that watched him play knows that he had the talent but believes that his attitude and his decision making off the court kept him from being a star in the NBA. At times he was a very difficult player to coach.
His career scoring and rebounding averages in Europe and Asia combined are 24.4 points and 11.2 rebounds. He has helped four teams win the Championship while failing in three other attempts.
For his international career he has twenty-two 40+ point games and three games of more than 50 points with a career high of 57. Over a six-year period he had at least one game in which he scored 40+ points. That streak expanded over nine different countries. He once scored 41 points in three quarters of a game while making 10 of 11 from three-point range and had another game in which he scored 51 points in 36 minutes. In another game he scored 32 straight points for his team expanding over two quarters finishing with 47 points. Because of his shooting ability he had numerous 30+ points game in which he did not attempt a single free throw.
Coaching career
Sanford begun his coaching career in 2009 as a volunteer Assistant Coach for the 13th-ranked Men's team at Northwood University (Florida Campus) under legendary Hall of Fame head coach Rollie Massimino. That year Coach Massimino put Sanford in charge of strength & conditioning and player development. He also assisted in breaking down game film on their opponents and game planning. In his second year at Northwood Sanford became a full-time assistant coach. He took on more duties as the Seahawks shot to #1 in the country going 27–3 in the regular season. The 2010-11 Seahawks would finish the postseason ranked #2 with a 32–4 record and a loss in the final 4. One player would be named Player Of The Year while two players were named to the All-America team.
In 2011 Sanford was named the Head Women's Basketball Coach at Northwood University (Florida Campus). After taking over a program with a record of 4-26 and that finished last in The Sun Conference with a 1–13 record, in Sanford's two seasons at Northwood he compiled a win–loss record of 25–33. His Sun Conference record in two seasons was an impressive 18–10. The Seahawks finished in 3rd place in the two seasons that Sanford was named head coach. His up-tempo fast breaking and full-court pressing and trapping system saw 4 different players at 4 different positions be named to the Sun Conference All-Conference team, with 2 of the 4 players also being named Sun Conference Newcomer of the year in consecutive seasons. One of the 2 newcomers was also named Sun Conference Defensive Player of the Year after ranking in the top 5 nationally in steals. His teams would also see two different PG's in consecutive seasons lead the conference in assist and two different players in consecutive seasons lead the conference in steals.
College statistics
1994–1995: Washington (NCAA): 14.5ppg, 5.7rpg
1995–1996: Washington (NCAA): 16.5ppg, 6.1rpg
1996–1997: Washington (NCAA): 17ppg, 8rpg
European career and statistics
1998: Sunair Oostende (Belgium), was signed in Mar.'1998: 18.1ppg, 6.4rpg
1998–1999: La Crosse Bobcats (CBA): 4 games, 2.7ppg 1.2rpg, in Mar.'99 signed with Harlem Globetrotters for the summer season
2000: in December 1999 was signed by Évreux (France-ProA), but injured after 1 game: 21 pts 11 rebs, (dislocated shoulder) replaced in March 2000 by Dathon Brown due to injury: 13 games: 12.3 ppg, 3.4 rpg
2000–2001: Great Danes Magic (Denmark): the team created just for NEBL games: 27.3 ppg, 13.3 rpg, 2.1 apb, 2.1 spg, 1.8 blpg
2001– Los Angeles Stars (ABA, starting five): 17 ppg, 5.9 rpg, 1.8 apg, 1.2 spg, 2FGP 49%, 3FGP 40.3%, FT 80.1%
2001: In June signed with Los Potros de Villa Francisca (DominicanRepublic): 14 games: 24.4 ppg, 11.1 rpg, 2FGP 47%, 3FGP 41%, FT 72%
2001–2002: At the beginning of season was signed by Matsushita Electric Panasonic Kangaroos (Japan-Superleague): Score-4 (24.5 ppg), 9.3 rpg, 3.1 apg, 2.2 spg, 2FGP 51%, 3FGP 38%, FT 73%
2003: Played for Hapoel Tel Aviv (Israel-Premier League): 3 games: 12.3 ppg, 4.0 rpg, 2 ast, 1.0 spg, FIBA Champions Cup: 2 games: 16.0 ppg, 6.5 rpg, 1.0 apg, 2.5 spg, but decided not to join, in March 2003 agreed terms with CPN Pueblo Nuevo (Dominican Republic): 30.2 ppg, 12.7 rpg, 1.8 bpg, 2.1 apg, 2.3 spg, 2FGP 52%, 3FGP 43%
2003: In April was signed by Cocodrilos de Caracas (Venezuela-LPB):never played a game due to injury received in finals of Dominican Republic
2003–2004: In November 2003 signed at C.B. Aracena-Ponts (Spain-LEB1): 10 games: 12.7 ppg, 4.7 rpg
2004: Coca-Cola Tigers (Philippines-PBA): Score-3 (28.8 ppg) 12.7 rpg, 2.3 apg, 1.4 spg, 6 games of 40 plus points and 1 game of 51 pts, 2FGP 43%, 3FGP 36% FT 63%
2004–2005: At the beginning of season signed at Sydney Kings (Australia-NBL): 36 games: 16.7 ppg, 7.4 rpg, 1.4 apg, 1.2 spg, in May 2005 moved back to Coca-Cola Tigers (Philippines-PBA): Fiesta Conf: 10 games: Score-3 (24.6 ppg), 14.0 rpg, 3.0 apg, steals-3 (1.7 spg), 1.0 bpg, 2FGP 42.3%, 3FGP 29.4%, FT 54.7%
2005–2006: Sagesse - Al Hekmeh Beirut (Lebanon-Div.A), tested in Oct.'05, but chose not to sign, in January 2006 joined Sioux Falls Skyforce (CBA, starting five): 24 games: 15.0 ppg, 5.5 rpg, 1.5 apg, 0.9 spg, FG 47.9%, 3PT 31.8%, FT 69.3%
2006: Dubai- 12 games: 33 ppg, 19 rpg, 4 blk, FG 52.7%, 3pt 41.1%, FT 79.7%
2006: Plaza Fernando Valerio (Dominican Republic-SRT)
2007: In January signed at Panteras de Miranda (Venezuela-LPB, starting five)
2007–2008: Before the season signed at Daegu Orions (Korea-KBL), but did not play due to an injury
Awards and achievements
Texas State Co-Sophomore of the year -92
Dallas 2nd Team All DISD 10-5A -92
Dallas 1st Team All DISD 10-5A -93
Texas State 2nd Team All-State -93
Gatorade All-American Nominee-93
Blue Chip All-American Nominee -93
High School McDonald's All-American Nominee-94
Gatorade All-American -94
Blue Chip All American -94
Division 4 California State POY -94
California State All-Star Game -94
Sand Diego City All-Star Challenge MVP -94
All State California-94
Division 4 State Champion Lincoln Prep-94
State Tournament MVP -94
Pac10 All-Freshman Team -95
Sporting News NCAA All-Freshman Team 2nd -95
USA Under 19 World Games Athens Greece -95
Pac10 2nd Team -Pre96
Pac10 1st Team -96
Pac10 1st Team -97
Belgian Cup Winner -98
Belgian Cup Tournament Most Outstanding Player -98
Dominican Rep. League Champion -01
Dominican Rep. Tournament MOP -01
Dominican Rep. League Champion -02
Dominican Rep. Tournament MOP -02
Santiago Regional Tournament MVP -03
Australian NBL Champion -05
Australiabasket.com All-NBL Player of the Year -05
Australiabasket.com All-NBL Forward of the Year -05
Australiabasket.com All-NBL Import Player of the Year -05
Australiabasket.com All-NBL 1st Team -05
Australiabasket.com NBL All-Imports Team -05
Assistant Coach to NAIA College National Coach of the Year -11
References
External links
NBL Profile at nblwiki.com
NBA.com player profile
Seattle Times article
Sydney Morning Herald article
1976 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
American expatriate basketball people in Denmark
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American expatriate basketball people in the Dominican Republic
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
Basketball players from Dallas
Harlem Globetrotters players
La Crosse Bobcats players
Miami Heat draft picks
Panasonic Trians players
Panteras de Miranda players
Sioux Falls Skyforce (CBA) players
Sydney Kings players
Washington Huskies men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Forwards (basketball)
Guards (basketball)
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17331490
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvain%20Saudan
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Sylvain Saudan
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Sylvain Saudan (born 23 September 1936 in Lausanne, Switzerland) is an extreme skier, dubbed "skier of the impossible." He is noted for skiing down large and steep mountains, including those in the Himalayas. In 2007 he survived a helicopter crash in Kashmir.
He is considered to be the father of extreme skiing and that has given him the name "skier of the impossible". He has the most difficult 18 descents to his credit. In mountains people are usually known for first ascent of high and difficult peaks but he is famous for first descents (see French Wikipedia). In 1969 he skied Monte Rosa, and Mount Hood in 1971. In 1970 he skied the W flank of the Eiger. He has climbed then skied back down the SW face of Denali (Mount McKinley), Alaska, the highest mountain in North America, in 1972; Mont Blanc in 1968, the highest mountain in the Alps; Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa; Nun peak in the Himalayas in 1976; and a number of other peaks in Nepal and the Karakoram. On his 50th birthday he skied down Japan's Mount Fuji, without snow, on scree. Saudan's crowning achievement came in 1982 when, at age 46, he skied down Pakistan's -high Gasherbrum I, or Hidden Peak, in the Himalayas. It was, and possibly still is, the longest 50-degree ski descent ever accomplished and likely the first full descent of an '8,000 meter' mountain.
In order to safely ski these mountains he developed a new technique to "jump turn" on very steep inclines. Normal jump turns would have accelerated the skier and thrown him too far down the mountain so, using long ski poles, Saudan turned by planting a ski pole downhill and, keeping his weight on both skis and leaning back on his heels, he lifted the ski tips up and swivelled them in an arc into the turn. These turns, rhythmically swivelling the skis in arcs left and right, he christened the windscreen wiper turns.
He is an accomplished guide for heliskiing, one of the first European guides, along with Hans Gmoser, to exploit the Bugaboos in British Columbia in the 1970s, with waist deep powder snow (often 150,000 vertical feet per week or more). He later developed his own line of skis suited for powder skiing. These were relatively short and wide metal skis, designed to be quick turning in powder snow, as well as to be easily loaded outside the helicopters.
His extreme exploits involved considerable preparations, studying the mountain, the snow, and the terrain over an extended period of time.
Saudan is now a motivational speaker for corporate executives, using his films to demonstrate the leap in courage it takes to conquer new peaks and new challenges.
Quotes
I don't live for the mountain. I couldn't live without her. I live with her. (in Dreyfus, p. 31).
When you ski down a corridor, you're really edging death with each move that is not perfectly controlled. There's really only one way out: don't fall down. (in Dreyfus, p. 270).
References
External links
SKI magazine - The father of extreme skiing - Jan-2009 - p. 86. Subscription required.
Swiss male alpine skiers
Extreme skiers
1936 births
Living people
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17331514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Yorkshire%20County%20Council
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North Yorkshire County Council
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North Yorkshire County Council (NYCC) is the county council governing the non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire; an area composing most of North Yorkshire in England. The council currently consists of 90 councillors. The council is currently controlled by the Conservative Party. The headquarters of the council is county hall in Northallerton.
In July 2021 the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government announced that in April 2023, the non-metropolitan county will be reorganised into a unitary authority. The county council will be abolished and its functions transferred to a new authority, North Yorkshire Council.
History
The council was formed in 1974 when North Riding County Council was abolished. The council occupies County Hall at Northallerton. As a County Council, it is a "top-tier" system that has the responsibility for social care, education and roads. Until 31 March 2023 other functions are the responsibility of seven district councils.
Governance
Until May 2022 the Council was composed of 72 councillors. Elections were held every four years, except in 2021. The 2017 election returned an increased Conservative majority, with the Conservative Party holding 55 seats. Independent candidates saw an increase to 10 seats, with the Liberal Democrats and Labour seeing large reductions in their seat counts. UKIP and the Liberal Party both lost their representation on the council, with the Liberal Party incumbent in Pickering losing by just 2 votes.
Across the 2017–2022 period of governance, the Conservative Party saw a net loss of 4 seats, and their governing majority was 30 by 2022.
The number of councillors was increased to 90 in 2022, and the last election was held in May 2022. The 2022 election returned a much reduced Conservative majority, with the Conservative Party holding 47 seats. Independent candidates saw an increase to 13 seats and the Liberal Democrats and Labour increased their seats to 12 each. The Greens won representation with 5 seats and the Liberal Party regained its representation on the council with 1 seat.
Executive
North Yorkshire County Council's executive is composed of nine Conservative councillors and the Conservative Leader of the council. The Executive makes most decisions, except for decisions about the budget and major policy framework, which are made by the full council.
Districts
Until 31 March 2023 the seven district councils in North Yorkshire council area are:
Selby
Borough of Harrogate
Craven
Richmondshire
Hambleton
Ryedale
Borough of Scarborough
These district councils are responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
The functions of the district councils will be transferred to the new North Yorkshire Council on 1 April 2023.
Political control
Political control of the non-metropolitan county has been held by the following groups:
The last elections to the county council took place on 5 May 2022. On 17 March 2022 the government legislated to increase the number of councillors from 72 to 90 and to reorganise the electoral divisions. The councillors elected will serve until May 2027, one year as county councillors for the existing North Yorkshire County Council and another four years as councillors for the new unitary North Yorkshire Council when it begins in April 2023.
References
External links
North Yorkshire County Council
Heraldry website explaining the Coat of Arms
County councils of England
1974 establishments in England
Local education authorities in England
Local authorities in North Yorkshire
Major precepting authorities in England
Leader and cabinet executives
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6901225
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drascombe
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Drascombe
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The word Drascombe is a trademark that was first registered by John Watkinson who applied it to a series of sailing boats which he designed and built in the period 1965–79 and sold in the United Kingdom (UK). They comprised the Coaster, Cruiser Longboat, Dabber, Drifter, Driver, Gig, Launch, Longboat, Lugger, Peterboat, Scaffie, Scaith and Skiff, together with a few other one-offs. They have wide and deep cockpits, adaptable boomless rigs and high bulwarks.
The word drascombe is also used as a generic term for any boat built to a design by John Watkinson. These include both 'the Drascombe range' build by Churchouse Boats and the 'Original Devon' range produced by Honnor Marine,
The Caboteur and Drifter 22 have been designed and built recently following the design principles developed by John Watkinson.
John Watkinson died in 1997 and the trademark is now owned by his surviving family. Current builders include Churchouse Boats Limited, Honor Marine & East West Custom Boats.
Past licensees include McNulty; John Elliott and Douglas Elliott Boatbuilders (licensed to build in wood); and Kelly and Hall, which built the original production Luggers in wood.
Design principles
There are basically two types of drascombe. There are undecked open day sailers and one or two-berth weekenders. They were originally designed and built in marine plywood using glued lapstrake construction. As they became more popular, they were then manufactured in GRP.[3]
The hull, typically, consists of four strakes each side, the garboard strakes being wide giving a flat run to the transom whilst having a fairly sharp entry at the stem. There is a recessed rear deck level with side benches and a recessed foredeck. Some models have a small one or two-berth cabin.
The transom slopes back at an angle of about 45 degrees with the top edge sloping forward giving drascombes a distinctive appearance at the stern. Just forward of the transom is a well to take an outboard motor with a slot in the transom that allows the outboard motor to be tilted out of the water when under sail. It also keeps the outboard motor hidden from view.
The usual rig consists of a Gunter rigged mainsail set on the main mast, a mizzen sail set on the mizzen mast sheeted to a bumpkin and a foresail. The tan-coloured sails are all boomless to avoid possible head injury from a gybing boom. The original Drascombe Lugger had a lug sail to start with; this was changed to a gunter mainsail but the name was kept.
The rudder fits in a case which is set in the aft deck in front of the mizzen mast. It can be lifted up into the case when in very shallow water.
A steel centreboard is in a centreboard case with a purchase to lift it.
Some (Dabber and Drifter) have a conventional vertical transom with the rudder hung on the transom.
Some (Skiff, Scaith, Scaffie and Peterboat) were double enders with a canoe stern. Of these, the Skiff has no outboard motor well, just a mini triangular transom to take a small outboard motor when the rudder has been removed.
Flotilla
Caboteur
The Caboteur is based on the drascombe Longboat but modified to the requirements of French drascombe aficionado Jean-Louis Grenier to create his "ultimate drascombe camping cruiser"
Originally in wood epoxy the hull is now available in GRP. It is 8" wider in the beam than the Longboat with 3" more freeboard. The rig is also larger and a cruising chute can be set to a bowsprit.
Jean-Louis' boat has a large sleeping platform and a vast amount of dedicated storage. The great number of lockers, together with the added beam and freeboard make the sailing weight nearly twice that of a Longboat.
Coaster
A trailer-sailer with a two-berth cabin (and, with the addition of a cockpit tent, room for two more) including cooking and toilet facilities. Replaced the Cruiser Longboat, having a much improved specification, especially with regard to the cockpit and cabin layouts.
Cruiser Longboat
A Longboat with a cabin of two berths or one berth and a galley bench. Unlike the open Longboat and other drascombes a boom was fitted to the mainsail. Designed to appeal more to private buyers than the open version, the Cruiser Longboat was introduced and sold side by side with the standard open boat. Introduced in 1970 and replaced in 1979 by the Coaster. Over 400 were built. The wooden versions were all custom built and differ considerably from the GRP versions.
Dabber
Although smaller than the Lugger, the Dabber carries a full yawl rig on main and mizzen masts. However, the Dabber can easily be distinguished by its bowsprit and transom-hung rudder.
Drifter
A cruising boat with a cabin and choice of outboard well or 6-8 hp Sabb inboard Diesel engine. Draft 2'+. Long keel with fixed bilge plates. Original spec included sails with roller-reef jib, pramhood canopy, two-burner paraffin cooker, flushing chemical toilet, fitted bilge pump, anchor warp and chain; anti-fouling below waterline. An optional tent was also available, extending sleeping accommodation from two to four adults.
Drifter 22
At the 2007 London Boat Show Churchouse Boats launched the Drifter 22.
Paul Fisher of Selway-Fisher was employed to revise the design of the original Drifter.
The prototype was built in wood/epoxy but moulds have been made and production boats are manufactured in GRP.
In 2021 Churchouse Boats re-launched the Drifter 22 with a Mark II model, under the Drascombe Boats brand.
Driver
An 18' version of the Launch hull with bilge fins for sailing. A Watermota Shrimp inboard petrol engine with fully feathering propeller was fitted. A petrol/paraffin version of the Watermota or even a diesel were available to special order. For sailing it had a standing lug rig similar to the Dabber but with a slightly larger jib and mainsail.
Gig
Never intended for the private buyer, the Gig is a pure sail training craft designed for use by Navies. Previously, the Royal Navy used the Montagu Whaler for this purpose, but these boats were getting well past their best, and new ones have not been built since the 1950s. The Longboat was considered too small, so the Gig was designed for this specific market. The French navy now uses four Gigs for this purpose.
Today a number of privately owned Gigs are about - two were fitted with cabins (Hippo and Gig). One was fitted with a tent to allow for extensive cruising (The City of London).
In private hands the Gig is not for the novice. She has a fairly big sail area and handles and feels like a big boat. At the same time, once in tune with her, she gives her crew great confidence by her easily reefed lug sail and her sea keeping capabilities.
Launch
Based on the Dabber hull and introduced in 1973, the Launch was designed for river and lake fishing. Fitted with a Watermota Shrimp inboard engine and a Dabber mizzen as a steadying sail. Not a very successful model, only 12 being built.
Longboat
Essentially a stretched Lugger, and originally intended as a training craft for sailing schools, Sea Scouts, etc.
Lugger
The boat that started it all, and still as immensely popular as at its introduction at the Earls Court (London) Boat Show in 1968, when the first wooden production boat, Luka was sold within 29 minutes of the show opening to the public. Luka is now located in the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. The epitome of rugged simplicity, reliability, and seaworthiness in an open boat, the Lugger is equally at home pottering with the kids or undertaking more adventurous expeditions.
Peterboat
Designed by John Watkinson in 1973, the Peterboat was not mass-produced and never built in GRP. Only about 10 wooden boats were built by John Elliott, John Kerr, and Norman Whyte. There was an original version of a Peterboat built by John Watkinson, similar decking arrangement to the drascombe Lugger, but with a gunter rig sporting a curved yard with a large jib,(similar to the rig on 'Cariad') only the one was ever built.
Scaffie
A smaller drascombe for single-handed sailing, the Scaffie has no centreboard, relying instead on a long central keel and two bilge stub keels. Rig is a single standing lugsail.
Scaith
Double ended open boat with a standing lug main, small offset mizzen with bumkin and a jib, a folding rudder and galvanised steel centreplate. An outboard motor well is incorporated on the aft port side to carry a small (2 hp) outboard motor. The forerunner to the Peterboat 4.5m.
Skiff
Similar to the Scaffie but with a narrower beam, the Skiff was designed in 1970 and John Watkinson built the first three boats of around 30 that were built in wood by Doug Elliott at John Elliott Boatbuilders. A GRP version wasn't available until 1996.
History
1902 "Captain James McNulty starts family business. As stevedores it employed ship carpenters, but had difficulty retaining them to work casually and so to ensure continuity of employment, it was decided they build small rowing boats."
c. 1955 John Elliott joins Kelly and Hall as boatbuilder.
1958 John Watkinson buys Kelly and Hall.
1960 Honnor Marine founded by Pat Honnor.
1962/63 John Watkinson designs and builds three sixteen foot mackerel boats (wood).
1964 John Watkinson sells Kelly and Hall.
1965 John Watkinson moves to Drascombe Barton. John Watkinson designs and builds first Drascombe Lugger 'Katharine Mary'.
1966 New owners of Kelly and Hall produce Drascombe Lugger in wood.
1968 Earls Court Boat Show. Exhibit Drascombe Lugger sold in 20 minutes, 11 ordered. John Watkinson grants Honnor Marine a sole licence to build Drascombe Luggers in GRP.
1969 Honnor Marine produces first GRP Drascombe Lugger and exhibits at London Boat Show. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Longboat, a stretched Drascombe Lugger; and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat.
1970 Drascombe Longboat and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Skiff, built in wood. Kelly and Hall ceases trading. John Elliott takes over premises and starts John Elliott (Boatbuilder) with his brother Doug building wooden Drascombes.
c. 1970 In Llandysul, Cardiganshire, John Kerr sets up his own workshop, building wooden boats ranging from small clinker dinghies to ocean racing yachts, for over 20 years. Following a meeting with John Watkinson, he becomes one of the earliest licensed builders of the Drascombe range. Overall John built approximately 10 Drascombe boats, many finished to the customer's exact requirements. John died in 2001.
1972 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Dabber. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1973 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Peterboat, built in wood.
1974 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Driver. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. Honnor Marine goes into receivership.
1975 Honnor Marine continues to trade under a management consortium.
1977 Association of Dutch Drascombe Owners (NKDE) formed. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Drifter. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1978 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Scaffie. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Coaster. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1980 John Elliott dies. Business wound up.
1981 Under the wings of Terry Erskine Yachts Plymouth, Douglas Elliot built one more Drascombe, a Peterboat 4.5 metre, before retiring.
1982 Norman Whyte licensed to build the whole line of Drascombes in wood, continuing until 1995.
1984 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Gig. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1984 Drascombe List started in West Wales by Jeremy Churchouse as a brokerage for used Drascombes.
1987 Drascombe Association formed.
1997 Liquidation of Honnor Marine. Assets sold to Bob Brown, including all the plugs, which are the items for making new moulds as well as all the boat fittings and spars. Bob Brown moves the business up to the North of England where Honnor Marine starts producing the drascombe range under the brand name “The Original Devon Range”. McNulty Boats Ltd, Hebburn, Tyneside, UK is awarded the exclusive licence to use the Drascombe trademark. It makes new moulds and builds the Drascombe range. John Watkinson dies on 19 December.
1998 Stewart Brown (no relation to Bob Brown) takes over Churchouse Boats from Jeremy Churchouse.
2000 Stewart Brown joins McNulty Boats.
2002 McNulty Boats in liquidation. Taken over by Churchouse Boats, led by Stewart Brown, including license to use the Drascombe trademark.
2007 Churchouse Boats exhibits the new Drascombe Drifter 22 at the London Boat Show.
2013 Stewart Brown retires as Director from Churchouse Boats Ltd, Sharon Geary-Harwood and Simon Harwood both become Directors and take over the ownership of the company, including the Sole license to use the Drascombe trademark
2017 Upon retirement, Bob Brown sells Honnor Marine to Tim and April Altham, who relocate the business in Swanage, Dorset, and continue to produce the “Original Devon Range” as Honnor Marine Classics Ltd.
2018 Stewart Brown former owner of Churchouse Boats died on 22 September, a great loss to the Drascombe community.
Notable voyages
David Pyle sailed his wooden Drascombe Lugger Hermes from England to Australia during 1969 and 1970. This was possibly the longest journey ever undertaken in a small open sailing boat (though, later, in 1991, a complete circumnavigation was completed by Anthony Steward in an open 19' boat). Hermes was a standard production model with the exception of a raised foredeck and a few other minor modifications. The boat was built at Kelly and Hall's boatyard at Newton Ferrers by John and Douglas Elliott.
In 1973, Geoff Stewart crossed the Atlantic in a Longboat.
Between 1978 and 1984, Webb Chiles sailed round most of the world in his Luggers Chidiock Tichborne I and Chidiock Tichborne II. Starting in California in Chidiock I, he crossed the Pacific, then the Indian Ocean, before heading into the Red Sea. Near Vanuatu during the Pacific crossing, the boat capsized during bad weather, then drifted for two weeks while he was unable to bail his flooded boat. After becoming damaged, Chidiock I was seized by the Saudi Arabian authorities when Chiles was arrested on suspicion of being a spy. Chiles had a new Lugger, Chiddiock II, shipped to him in Egypt. This he sailed south to cross his previous track and then through the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea out into the Atlantic to La Palma in the Canary Islands. Leaving the boat briefly to visit Tenerife, he returned to find that she had capsized at her mooring in a storm. Finding that he had lost a lot of gear, Chiles decided to end his attempt at circumnavigating in an open boat.
References
External links
Drascombe Boats
Honnor Marine Ltd
Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
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23576454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas%20Paralympic%20Committee
|
Americas Paralympic Committee
|
Americas Paralympic Committee (acronym: APC; ; ; ; ; ) is an international IPC regional committee which represents the current 33 National Paralympic Committees of the North American and South American continents. It is affiliated to/with the International Paralympic Committee and its affiliated bodies.
APC is the body that organizes and oversees the Parapan American Games held every four years in the year before the Summer Paralympics.
Member countries
In the following table, the year in which the NPC was recognized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is also given if it is different from the year in which the NPC was created.
See also
Pan American Sports Organization
Parapan American Games
Pan American Games
References
External links
Americas Paralympic Committee Official Website
Pan-American sports governing bodies
Americas Paralympic Committee
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6901231
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmy%20Fitzpatrick
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Timmy Fitzpatrick
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Timmy Fitzpatrick was an inter-county hurling player with Laois and Kilcotton. He was Laois's first choice goalkeeper in the 1940s and he gave some heroic displays. In the 1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final against Tipperary, Fitzpatrick was lauded as a Laois hero - despite the scoreline.
The following year, he made his sole appearance on the Leinster team. He played in three Laois Senior Hurling Championship finals with his club but never tasted victory.
In 1999, Timmy Fitzpatrick was named on the Laois Hurling Team of the Millennium.
References
Laois GAA Yearbook, 1999
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Laois inter-county hurlers
Kilcotton hurlers
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17331524
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk%20County%20Council
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Norfolk County Council
|
Norfolk County Council is the top-tier local government authority for Norfolk, England. Its headquarters are based in the city of Norwich.
Below it there are 7 second-tier local government district councils: Breckland District, Broadland District, Great Yarmouth Borough, North Norfolk District, Norwich City, King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough, and South Norfolk District.
History
In 1902, the council consisted solely of landowners.
Chairmen of the council prior to 1974
1889-1902 Robert Gurdon, 1st Baron Cranworth
1902-1912 Sir William Browne-ffolkes
1912-1920 John Holmes
1920-1925 Ailwyn Fellowes, 1st Baron Ailwyn
1925-1941 Russell Colman
1941-1950 Sir Henry Upcher
1950-1966 Sir Bartle Edwards
1966-1969 Douglas Sanderson
1969-1974 John Hayden : From this point onwards the role of Chairman became ceremonial with the council being run by a Leader.
The council, as currently constituted, was established in 1974 following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1972, which replaced the two previous county authorities (the County Borough of Norwich and the County of Norfolk) with a single top tier authority for the whole of Norfolk.
Politics
Norfolk County Council is currently (since May 2016) run by a Conservative Administration.
Norfolk County Council has traditionally been known as a Conservative stronghold, being run by them from its formation until 1993.
For the period 1993 until 2001 no one party had overall control.
The Conservatives won a majority in the 2001 local elections and held the authority until 2013.
The countryside is almost all Conservative territory, with few areas being strong for the Liberal Democrats. The urban areas of Norfolk have always been more mixed in their loyalties, however, and seats in Norwich, Great Yarmouth, and King's Lynn are often held by the Labour Party. From 2009 to 2013 the Greens held the greatest number of Norfolk County Council electoral divisions within the city of Norwich.
Following the county elections of May 2013, Norfolk County Council was under no overall control, Norfolk County Council's ruling administration was made up of an alliance of non-Conservative councillors (14 UKIP, 15 Labour, 10 Liberal Democrat, 4 Green and 1 independent) with a Labour leader until May 2016. The alliance collapsed in May 2016 when the Green Party withdrew its support resulting in the Council electing a Conservative Leader, and that in turn lead to a minority Conservative administration running the council until May 2017.
In the Local Elections of May 2017 the Conservatives won an overall majority of the seats and were able to form a majority administration. The results were Conservative 55, Labour 17, Liberal Democrats 11 with both UKIP and the Green Party losing all their seats on the council.
In the Local Elections of May 2021 the Conservatives increased their number of seats to 58 and remained in control of the Council.
In April 2014 a project to establish an incinerator at King's Lynn was scrapped by the Labour lead alliance under George Nobbs when the members of the council voted by 48 to 30 to end the authority's contract with the firm Cory Wheelabrator after a heated debate at County Hall in Norwich on 7 April. That decision was directly followed by a cabinet meeting, in which the administration voted unanimously to axe the scheme. This decision meant the council had to pay compensation to the company of several million pounds.
In May 2018 just one week after being re-elected Leader of the council for a further year Cllr. Cliff Jordan resigned from his position and his seat on the council due to ill health. The following month at an Extraordinary Meeting of the Council Cllr. Andrew Proctor was elected Leader.
Election results
Economy and business
The council spends an average of £56.5 million a month with suppliers.
Education
See also List of schools in Norfolk
The council is in charge of all Nursery, Primary and Secondary state schools throughout Norfolk which are not academies, but not Tertiary education. There are three nursery schools, 359 primary schools, 35 secondary schools, one all-through school, one free school, one short stay school and 11 special schools.
The council provides a school finder for parents to find children a school. The primary school curriculum is set by the government, and recorded on Directgov. The secondary (high) school curriculum is set by the government, and recorded on Directgov. There are compulsory subjects which are needed to be followed in Norfolk and England.
In Year 9 (sometimes Year 8), children are required to pick their GCSE options for the forecoming year. In England, a student must take at least two optional choices.
In February 2013, Ofsted inspectors judged that vulnerable children in the county were at risk. Shortly afterwards, the regulator expressed concern about the county's educational provision. Three years later, in August 2016, Ofsted found that Norfolk County Council had still failed to address the regulator's earlier judgements (in February and August 2013, respectively) that the council's arrangements for the protection of children and for services for looked after children were 'inadequate'. In 2017 after further inspection the rating was raised to 'requires improvement' after considerable progress in the department.
Health and Social Care
The council is responsible for coordinating and managing the Adult Social Care of the population of Norfolk. This work was overseen by the Adult Social Care Committee based at County Hall. However, in May 2019 the committee was abolished and its responsibilities transferred to the Cabinet Member for Adult Social Care, Public Health and Prevention.
Since 2012 the Health and Wellbeing Board for Norfolk and Waveney has been responsible for Public Health in the county. The board has been chaired by Cllr. Bill Borrett since 2017, it comprises representatives from most NHS bodies such as the five Clinical Commissioning Groups and the three Norfolk Acute Hospitals as well as Norfolk and Waveney's County and District Councils.
See Healthcare in Norfolk for the details of the different NHS bodies charged with delivering health in the county.
Transportation
Norfolk County Council is responsible for maintaining Norfolk's road networks and bus routes. They often go into schools and promote road safety to students.
Conservation
Norfolk County Council offered grant aid for landscape conservation, submitted to the Director of Planning and Transportation.
Many historic buildings in the county are protected by the Norfolk Historic Buildings Trust, established in 1977, which is under the guidance of the county council. Between 1995 and 2000, the Trust played a major role in restoring the Denver Mill site, at a cost of over £1 million.
Notable members
Steffan Aquarone
Walter Keppel, 9th Earl of Albemarle
Jack Boddy
Michael Carttiss
Judith Chaplin
Richard Toby Coke
Sir Thomas Cook
Sidney Dye
George Edwards
John Garrett
Paul Hawkins
Dave Rowntree
William Benjamin Taylor
John Wodehouse, 2nd Earl of Kimberley
Albert Hilton, Baron Hilton of Upton
Lilias Rider Haggard
References
External links
County councils of England
Local education authorities in England
Local authorities in Norfolk
Major precepting authorities in England
Leader and cabinet executives
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23576462
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langley%20Blaze
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Langley Blaze
|
The Langley Blaze are a youth baseball team located in the city of Langley, British Columbia.
The Langley Blaze was founded in 2001 by Doug Mathieson, a former right-handed pitcher who played in the MLB Minor Leagues for seven years. The Blaze's home field is located in the McLeod Athletic Park which was completed in 2003. Prior to the completion, the Blaze played at City Park. They are part of the B.C. Premier Baseball League. They are always a strong contender in the league.
Doug Mathieson continues to be the GM for the Langley Blaze and is also the Canada/Alaska Area Scout for the Arizona Diamondbacks. In the 2016 MLB Draft, Doug had four Canadians drafted by the Diamondbacks which set a record for the most number of Canadian players drafted by one club in the MLB. Doug's own son, Scott is also a RHP who played in the MLB for the Philadelphia Phillies and currently plays for the Yomiuri Giants in the Japanese League.
Since 2001, thirty-four players from the Blaze have been drafted by the MLB (Major League Baseball).
Current roster
Notable alumni
Tyler O'Neill (current outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals)
Brett Lawrie (former 1st round pick of the Milwaukee Brewers)
Scott Mathieson (former pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies)
References
External links
Official Website
Langley Blaze page on BCPBL website
Baseball teams in British Columbia
Amateur baseball teams in Canada
Baseball teams established in 1999
Langley, British Columbia (city)
1999 establishments in British Columbia
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6901249
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JDS%20Amatsukaze
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JDS Amatsukaze
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JDS Amatsukaze (DDG-163) was a guided missile destroyer (DDG) of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), and the only ship of her class. She was the first Japanese surface combatant equipped with surface-to-air missiles.
Development
JDS Amatsukaze was planned as the DDG variant of the preceding Akizuki-class anti-aircraft destroyers, mounting the American Tartar Guided Missile Fire Control System weapon system. However, the Tartar system turned out to be larger than expected, so Amatsukazes design was altered completely, with an enlarged hull and with a shelter-deck design based on that of the and uprated steam turbines.
Construction and career
She was laid down on 29 November 1962 and launched on 5 October 1963 by Mitsubishi shipyard in Nagasaki. Commissioned on 15 February 1965.
From July 1st to July 31st of the same year, she participated in the maritime training in the direction of Guam with the escort vessels JDS Haruna, JDS Mochizuki and JDS Nagatsuki.
Participated in Exercise RIMPAC 1980 from January 25, 1980, and from February 26 to March 18, the first joint exercise of the Maritime Self-Defense Force with the escort ship JDS Hiei and eight P-2J patrol aircraft. Participate in 80). The ship became a member of the USS Constellation Task Force. She succeeded in all four ship-to-air engagements during the exercises, and was attacked by the temporary enemy, the Royal Australian Navy aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne. She was highly evaluated as the best ship in this exercise by engaging with USS Sargo which approached with the intention of reattacking the wrecked USS Constellation and destroying her. Returned to Japan on April 2nd.
From July 1st to July 31st, 1992, she participated in the maritime training in the Philippines with the escort vessels JDS Setoyuki, JDS Asayuki and JDS Mineyuki.
Removed from the register on November 29, 1995. During the active period of 30 years and 9 months, the total voyage was 764,314 miles (about 1.4 million km), the total voyage time was 62,999.53 hours, and the Maritime Self-Defense Force exercises participated 19 times, integrated exercises 4 times, and 9 times. She was eventually sunk as an actual target for anti-ship missiles off Wakasa Bay.
Her port propeller is left at Yokosuka Education Corps, the starboard propeller is left at Yokosuka naval base, and the main anchor is left at Maizuru naval base.
Tartar missiles
Amatsukaze was one of the earliest foreign ships equipped with the American Tartar system. (The other is the French Kersaint-class DDG). Because of the financial burden of this expensive weapon system, the other equipment aboard Amatsukaze was almost the same as that of the at first, but the JMSDF applied a spiral model to Amatsukaze, allowing continual updating of her equipment as described in the following table.
The Tartar weapon system made a strong positive impression on the JMSDF, but it was too expensive for the JMSDF to be able to afford another Tartar-equipped DDG at once. As a result, the JMSDF had to wait 10 years to build another DDG, the first destroyer.
Ships in class
Gallery
References
Destroyer classes
Destroyers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
1963 ships
Amatsukaze
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17331526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi%20N%C3%A9v%C3%A9
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Garibaldi Névé
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The Garibaldi Névé is a snowfield in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located on the north and east sides of Mount Garibaldi in New Westminster Land District. The névé along with its outlet glaciers have a combined area of about .
Glaciers
The following glaciers are part of the Garibaldi Névé:
Garibaldi Glacier
North Pitt Glacier
South Pitt Glacier
Lava Glacier
Sentinel Glacier
Warren Glacier
Bishop Glacier
Phoenix Glacier
Pike Glacier
Accessibility
Mamquam Road, north of downtown Squamish, provides access to Mount Garibaldi from Highway 99. This easterly paved road traverses the Squamish Golf and Country Club and then heads north through Quest University. Mamquam Road then extends northeast and becomes Garibaldi Park Road. At the end of Garibaldi Park Road is the Diamond Head parking lot, which lies from Highway 99 at an elevation of . The Diamond Head hiking trail commences from the parking lot to the Elfin Lakes where Opal Cone, Columnar Peak, The Gargoyles and Mamquam Icefield can be viewed. A hiking trail extending from the Elfin Lakes leads down to Ring Creek then climbs Opal Cone where Mamquam Lake and the Garibaldi Névé can be viewed from its summit. The route to the Garibaldi Névé is marked by cairns.
See also
List of glaciers in Canada
References
Glaciers of the Pacific Ranges
Garibaldi Ranges
Sea-to-Sky Corridor
Ice fields of British Columbia
Névés
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17331542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hilton
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John Hilton
|
John Hilton and Jack Hilton may refer to:
John Hilton
John Buxton Hilton (1921–1986), British crime writer
John Hilton (American football) (1942–2017), American football tight end
John Hilton the elder (1565–1609), British composer
John Hilton the younger (c. 1599–1657), British composer, son of the above
John Hilton (industrial relations) (1880–1943), British professor of industrial relations
John Hilton (manufacturer) (c. 1791–1866), Canadian businessperson
John Hilton (surgeon) (1805–1878), British surgeon
John Hilton (table tennis) (born 1947), retired British table tennis player
John Hilton (cricketer, born 1792) (1792–?), English cricketer
John Hilton (cricketer, born 1838) (1838–1910), English cricketer.
John T. Hilton (1801–1864), African-American abolitionist and businessman
John Hilton Grace (1873–1958), British mathematician
John Hilton (soccer) (born 2001), American soccer player
Jack Hilton
Jack Hilton (1921–1998), rugby league footballer of the 1940s and 1950s for Great Britain, England, and Wigan
Jack Hilton (author) (19001983), British novelist, essayist, and travel writer
Jack Hilton (footballer) (born 1925), English footballer who made appearances in the English Football League with Wrexham
See also
Jack Hylton (1892–1965), British band leader and impresario
John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton (1699–1746), English politician
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23576466
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wende%20metro%20station
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Wende metro station
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The Taipei Metro Wende station is located in the Neihu District in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a station on Brown Line.
Station overview
This two-level, elevated station features two side platforms, two exits, and a platform elevator located on the north side of the concourse level.
Public art for the station consists of a piece titled "Dancing Birds". It comprises one of the station walls and depicts dancing egrets in Bihu Park with the use of digital images and mosaic inlaying.
Two mechanical parking towers behind the station allow for over 300 parking spaces. The towers are a type of elevator parking system; vehicles can be parked and retrieved on the same rotating lift table.
History
22 February 2009: Wende station construction is completed.
4 July 2009: Begins operations with the opening of the Brown Line.
Station layout
Around the station
Neihu High School
Neihu Junior High School
Neihu Elementary School
National Taiwan College of Performing Arts
Guo Ziyi Memorial Hall
Liuzhongyuan Community
Bihu Park
Yangguan Park
Wende Park No. 2
Ronald McDonald House Taiwan
Fire Safety Museum of Taipei City Fire Department
References
Wenhu line stations
Railway stations opened in 2009
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6901252
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Highway%20463
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Arkansas Highway 463
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Highway 463 (AR 463, Ark. 463 and Hwy. 463) is a north–south state highway in northeast Arkansas. The route of runs from Highway 14 very near I-555 at Payneway north to I-555/US 63B in Jonesboro. The route is a redesignation of former U.S. Route 63, which has since been rerouted onto US 49.
Route description
The route begins at a T intersection with Highway 14 at the unincorporated community of Payneway west of I-555. Highway 463 runs along a range line north to intersect Highway 214 before crossing the freeway and entering Trumann. Highway 463 intersects Highway 69S before passing the Maxie Theatre on the National Register of Historic Places. Further north, AR 463 has junctions with AR 198, AR 69, and AR 214 before exiting Trumann and entering Craighead County.
The route has an overlap with Highway 158 in Bay and a junction with I-555 before entering Jonesboro and terminating at I-555/US 63B.
Major intersections
See also
List of state highways in Arkansas
Arkansas Highway 163
Notes
References
External links
463
Transportation in Craighead County, Arkansas
Transportation in Poinsett County, Arkansas
Jonesboro, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63
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23576467
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20lanceanum
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Trichocentrum lanceanum
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Trichocentrum lanceanum is a species of orchid found from Trinidad to southern tropical America.
References
External links
lanceanum
Orchids of Trinidad
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17331552
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Name%20Is%20America
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My Name Is America
|
My Name Is America is a series of historical novels published by Scholastic Press. Each book is written in the form of a journal of a fictional young man's life during an important event or time period in American history. The series was discontinued in 2004.
Books
The Journal of William Thomas Emerson: A Revolutionary War Patriot, Boston, Massachusetts, 1774 by Barry Denenberg (September 1998)
The Journal of James Edmond Pease: A Civil War Union Soldier, Virginia, 1863 by Jim Murphy (September 1998)
The Journal of Joshua Loper: A Black Cowboy, The Chisholm Trail, 1871 by Walter Dean Myers (April 1999)
The Journal of Scott Pendleton Collins: A World War II Soldier, Normandy, France, 1944 by Walter Dean Myers (June 1999)
The Journal of Sean Sullivan: A Transcontinental Railroad Worker, Nebraska and Points West, 1867 by William Durbin (September 1999)
The Journal of Ben Uchida: Citizen 13559, Mirror Lake Internment Camp, California, 1942 by Barry Denenberg (September 1999)
The Journal of Wong Ming-Chung: A Chinese Miner, California, 1852 by Laurence Yep (April 2000)
The Journal of Jasper Jonathan Pierce: A Pilgrim boy, Plymouth, 1620 by Ann Rinaldi (July 2000)
The Journal of Augustus Pelletier: Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804 by Kathryn Lasky (September 2000)
The Journal of Otto Peltonen: A Finnish Immigrant, Hibbing, Minnesota, 1905 by William Durbin (September 2000)
The Journal of Biddy Owens: The Negro Leagues, Birmingham, Alabama, 1948 by Walter Dean Myers (April 2001)
The Journal of Jesse Smoke: A Cherokee Boy, The Trail of Tears, 1838 by Joseph Bruchac (June 2001)
The Journal of Douglas Allen Deeds: The Donner Party Expedition, 1846 by Rodman Philbrick (November 2001)
The Journal of C.J. Jackson: A Dust Bowl Migrant, Oklahoma to California, 1935 by William Durbin (April 2002)
The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty: United States Marine Corps, Khe Sanh, Vietnam, 1968 by Ellen Emerson White (June 2002)
The Journal of Jedediah Barstow: An Emigrant on the Oregon Trail, Overland, 1845 by Ellen Levine (September 2002)
The Journal of Finn Reardon: A Newsie, New York City, 1899 by Susan Campbell Bartoletti (May 2003)
The Journal of Rufus Rowe: A Witness to the Battle of Fredericksburg, Bowling Green, Virginia, 1862 by Sid Hite (October 2003)
The Journal of Brian Doyle: A Greenhorn on an Alaskan Whaling Ship, The Florence, 1874 by Jim Murphy (April 2004)
2012 reissue
The series was reissued since March 2012.
We Were Heroes: The Journal of Scott Pendleton Collins, a World War II Soldier, Normandy, France, 1944 by Walter Dean Myers (March 2012)
Into No Man's Land: The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty, United States Marine Corps, Khe Sanh, Vietnam, 1968 by Ellen Emerson White (June 2012)
On Enemy Soil: The Journal of James Edmond Pease, a Civil War Union Soldier, Virginia, 1863 by Jim Murphy (September 2012)
A True Patriot: The Journal of William Thomas Emerson, a Revolutionary War Patriot, Boston, Massachusetts, 1774 by Barry Denenberg (December 2012)
Down to the Last Out: The Journal of Biddy Owens, the Negro Leagues, Birmingham, Alabama, 1948 by Walter Dean Myers (January 2013)
Until the Last Spike: The Journal of Sean Sullivan, a Transcontinental Railroad Worker, Nebraska and Points West, 1867 by William Durbin (September 2013)
Staking a Claim: The Journal of Wong Ming-Chung, a Chinese Miner, California, 1852 by Laurence Yep (November 2013)
On This Long Journey: The Journal of Jesse Smoke, a Cherokee Boy, The Trail of Tears, 1838 by Joseph Bruchac (January 2014)
Blazing West: The Journal of Augustus Pelletier, Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804 by Kathryn Lasky (February 2014)
Stay Alive: The Journal of Douglas Allen Deeds, The Donner Party Expedition, 1846 by Rodman Philbrick (December 2021)
See also
Dear America
My America
The Royal Diaries
External links
publisher website
Series of children's books
Young adult novel series
Children's historical novels
American historical novels
American children's novels
Fictional diaries
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17331599
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lau%20clan
|
Lau clan
|
Lau (also spelled Lav) is one of the seven Mohyal Brahmin clans of Punjab.
Origin and history
Early history
In Mohyals' recorded history, however, there is no mention of the Lau clan until around 1000 CE. According to Mohyals' own historians and their folklore, the clan came into prominence by establishing a dheri (fiefdom) at Bajwada near modern-day Kangra in Himachal Pradesh on the border with Hoshiarpur, Punjab. In the Middle Ages Bajwada was an important town, as reflected by the prominence of its mention in Mughal records. Various Mohyal ballads, especially the Vishav Rai Niti, extol the feats and fierce swordsmanship of the early rulers of Bajwada especially Vishav Rai and Ballal Sen, and consist of verses that also glorify the damages inflicted by their armies on the Ghaznavid sultans, when the latter were on their way to or returning from raids of other Indian cities.
Many names of the Lau clan in Mohyal folklore and records closely match names from the Sena dynasty of Bengal, like Ballal Sen and Lau Sen. That, and the coinciding of the Lau clan's appearance in Punjab with the period when the Senas held territories North of Delhi, has led some historians to assert that the Laus descended from among the Senas and are named after Lau Sen, consistent with the known phenomenon of a new clan or caste name coming into being with a notable ancestor. The name Lau Sen is famous in Bengali folklore as well, and consistent with Mohyal tradition the Senas were also of Brahmin lineage but in a Kshatriya role.
India's most decorated Army General, Zorawar Chand Bakshi was from the Lau clan.
References
Surnames
Mohyal clans
Indian surnames
Punjabi-language surnames
Punjabi tribes
Hindu surnames
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6901264
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Chatelle
|
Thomas Chatelle
|
Thomas Chatelle (born 31 March 1981 in Jette, Brussels) is a retired Belgian footballer, who last played for Mons. He normally played as a winger and has gained 3 caps for the Belgian national team.
His former clubs include Racing Genk, AA Gent, KV Mechelen, Anderlecht, Sint-Truiden and the Dutch club N.E.C. Thomas has two daughters.
Club career
Anderlecht
In January 2008, the former Racing Genk captain was sold to Anderlecht. At the start of the 2009-10 season, he scored a goal in the Champions League Third Round Qualifying against Turkish side Sivasspor.
On 29 January 2012, Chatelle left Anderlecht join to Sint-Truiden on loan. After the loan spell ended, he was released by Anderlecht when his contract ended and stayed without a club from the end of the 2011-12 season until November 2012, when Mons signed him as a free player to replace the injured Tim Matthys.
References
External links
Belgium stats at Belgian FA
1981 births
Living people
People from Jette
Belgian footballers
Belgium international footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
Belgium under-21 international footballers
Belgian expatriate footballers
K.A.A. Gent players
K.V. Mechelen players
K.R.C. Genk players
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
R.A.E.C. Mons players
Belgian First Division A players
NEC Nijmegen players
Eredivisie players
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Association football midfielders
Footballers from Brussels
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6901265
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Jesus%20Must%20Die
|
This Jesus Must Die
|
"This Jesus Must Die" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, which also appears in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar, and on the album of the musical. In the 1973 film, it is sung primarily by Bob Bingham as Caiaphas and Kurt Yaghjian as Annas; and on the 1970 album, by Victor Brox as Caiaphas and Brian Keith as Annas, with Paul Raven and Tim Rice providing the voices of the priests. In the 2000 film it is sung by Frederick B. Owens as Caiaphas and Michael Shaeffer as Annas.
Theme
According to the official Jesus Christ Superstar website, in the song:
The song is noted for, after a slow beginning, launching into more of a "rock and roll" feel than many other songs in the musical, and being sung by a "growling bass-voiced Caiaphas and his screechy tenor minions". The song has also been described as "a throwback to pre-Second World War depictions" of "threatening Jews", although "their evil is somewhat modified". The priests sing a melody that comes from J. S. Bach's Bourrée in E minor.
{{quote|Rather than the self-interested, conspiratorial priests of the Gospel of Mark or DeMille's The King of Kings, Superstar'''s priests decide that "this Jesus must die ...for the sake of the nation". Their intention to avert a murderous crackdown on the Jewish people reflects the representation of the high priest in the last canonical gospel—John.}}
Indeed, the song begins with the Jewish priests fretting over the influence of the "rabble-rousing" Jesus, but merely plotting to have him arrested. It is Caiaphas who insists that the threat posed by a Roman crackdown, "our elimination, because of one man", can only be averted by the death of Jesus, which would deliver a demoralizing blow to the mob of mindless followers. The appearance of the song in the musical and in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar is highlighted by an "emphasis on style". The film uses "low camera angles which give a distorted view of the priests", and "gives the priests extraordinary costumes", which includes "enormous, bizarrely shaped hats", black flowing robes, and "bare chests crossed by leather straps and chains".
References
External links
, Jesus Christ Superstar'', 2000 film
Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar
1971 songs
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Songs about Jesus
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17331607
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincolnshire%20County%20Council
|
Lincolnshire County Council
|
Lincolnshire County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire in England, less those parts governed by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. The number of councillors was reduced from 77 to 70 at the 2017 local election.
The council was created in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It succeeded the Holland, Kesteven and Lindsey County Councils, and the Lincoln County Borough Council.
Responsibilities
The council is responsible for public services such as education, transport, highways, heritage, social care, libraries, trading standards, and waste management.
Premises
The council has its main offices and meeting place at County Offices on Newlands in Lincoln. The building was built in 1926–1932 as the headquarters for the former Lindsey County Council, one of Lincolnshire County Council's predecessors.
Chief executives
Chief executives have included:
1973–1979: David Drury Macklin
1983–1995: Robert John Dudley Proctor
1995–1998: Jill Helen Barrow, who was the first woman chief executive of a county council in England.
1999–2004: David Bowles
2005-2018: Tony McArdle
2018: Richard Wills (Interim Head of Paid Service)
2018: Keith Ireland
2018–present: Debbie Barnes
Borough, City, and District councils
The county council is the upper-tier of local government, below which are seven councils with responsibility for local services such as housing, planning applications, licensing, council tax collection and rubbish collection. The districts of Lincolnshire are:
Boston Borough
City of Lincoln
East Lindsey
North Kesteven
South Holland
South Kesteven
West Lindsey
References
County councils of England
1974 establishments in England
Local education authorities in England
Local authorities in Lincolnshire
Major precepting authorities in England
Leader and cabinet executives
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6901269
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n%20H%E1%BB%93ng%20Nh%E1%BB%8B
|
Nguyễn Hồng Nhị
|
Nguyễn Hồng Nhị (1936 – 26 November 2021) was a MiG-21 fighter ace of the Vietnam People's Air Force's 921st Fighter Regiment.
Nguyễn was amongst the first group of VPAF pilots selected from the 910th Air Training Regiment to train in the Soviet Union to fly in the new MiG-21 fighter jet. He was the very first VPAF MiG-21 pilot to shoot down an enemy aircraft on 4 March 1966. Eight kills have been attributed to him with three confirmed by the United States Air Force. However, it was common practice for the American side to claim that their aircraft were downed by surface-to-air missiles or anti-aircraft guns, which is considered "less embarrassing" than losing in a dogfight/air-to-air combat to the enemy pilot.
On 01 August 1968, he and two other MiG-21 pilots, Nguyen Dang Kinh and Phan Van Mao, flew out in a newly-devised trio formation from Tho Xuan, and encountered USN F-4 Phantoms and F-8 Crusaders. While successfully shooting down an F-8 with his second R-3S AAM after the first one missed, he engaged in a dogfight with the other F-8. He succeeded in targeting the F-8 in his sights, but his weapons system failed to properly engage due to what he believed were electrical problems. Two more F-8s then arrived, firing two Sidewinders that succeeded in shooting down Nguyen, who then safely ejected from his stricken MiG-21; his downing was credited to F-8H pilot Lt. McCoy of VF-51, USS Bon Homme Richard.
The following aerial victories include kills known to be credited to him by the VPAF:
04 March 1966, a USAF Ryan 147 (AQM-34) Firebee/Lightning Bug drone (first-ever confirmed kill by a VPAF MiG-21 pilot);
14 March 1966, another AQM-34 Firebee/Lightning Bug;
31 August 1967, a USAF RF-4C (US-side does not confirm);
10 September 1967, a USAF RF-101C (US-side does not confirm);
26 September 1967, a USAF F-4D (US-side does not confirm);
09 October 1967, a USAF F-105D (pilot Clements, POW);
07 November 1967, a USAF F-105D (pilot Diehl, KIA);
17 December 1967, a USAF F-105 (US-side does not confirm);
01 August 1968, a USN F-8 (US-side does not confirm).
See also
List of Vietnam War flying aces
Weapons of the Vietnam War
References
Bibliography
External links
Ace Pilots of the Vietnam War
Flying Ghosts, History of Vietnam Airlines by Michael Buckley
"National image gets blurred"
1936 births
2021 deaths
North Vietnamese military personnel of the Vietnam War
North Vietnamese Vietnam War flying aces
Shot-down aviators
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23576478
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesliga%20Weser-Ems
|
Landesliga Weser-Ems
|
The Landesliga Weser-Ems, called the Bezirksoberliga Weser-Ems from 1979 to 1994 and 2006 to 2010, is the sixth tier of the German football league system and the second highest league in the German state of Lower Saxony (German:Niedersachsen). It covers the region of the now defunct Regierungsbezirk Weser-Ems.
It is one of four leagues at this level in Lower Saxony, the other three being the Landesliga Lüneburg, the Landesliga Hannover and the Landesliga Braunschweig.
The term Landesliga can be translated as State league.
Overview
The league's history goes back to 1979, when four new Bezirksoberligas (Braunschweig, Hannover, Lüneburg and Weser-Ems) were formed in the state of Lower Saxony. The Bezirksoberligas (6th tier) were set below the Verbandsliga Niedersachsen (4th tier) and the two Landesligas (5th tier) in the German football league system. In 1994, the two old Landesligas were dissolved, while the four Bezirksoberligas were renamed into Landesliga Braunschweig, Landesliga Hannover, Landesliga Lüneburg, and Landesliga Weser-Ems respectively. Due to the introduction of the new Regionalliga (IV) the new Landesligas still remained at the 6th tier of German football, however.
In 2006, the Landesliga was renamed into Bezirksoberliga again. The new Bezirksoberliga Weser-Ems was made up of sixteen clubs, three from the tier-five Verbandsliga Niedersachsen-West, nine from the Landesliga and two each from the two Bezirksligas. The league was formed in a reorganisation of the league system in Lower Saxony, whereby the four regional Landsligas were replaced by the Bezirksoberligas. Below these, the number of Bezirksligas was increased. In Weser-Ems, the two Bezirksligas were expanded to five, while the other three regions operate with four Bezirksligas at this level.
The Bezirksoberliga, like the Landesliga before, was set in the league system below the Verbandsliga and above the now five Bezirksligas, which were numbered from one to five. The winner of the Bezirksoberliga was directly promoted to the Verbandsliga, while the bottom placed teams, in a varying number, were relegated to the Bezirksliga. The Bezirksoberligas of Weser-Ems and Hanover form the tier below the Verbandsliga West, while those of Lüneburg and Braunschweig form the tier below the eastern division of the Verbandsliga.
In the leagues first season, 2006–07, the runners-up of the league, SV Holthausen-Biene, had to play-off with the runners-up of the Bezirksoberliga Hannover, TSV Stelingen, a game they lost 1-0 and thereby failed to gain promotion. In the following two seasons, only the league champions were eligible for promotion.
At the end of the 2007-08 season, with the introduction of the 3. Liga, the Verbandsliga was renamed Oberliga Niedersachsen-West. For the Bezirksoberliga, this had no direct consequences, but the league was increased to eighteen clubs.
After the 2009-10 season, the two Oberligas () in Lower Saxony were merged to one single division. The four Bezirksoberliga champions that season were not be automatically promoted, instead they had to compete with the four teams placed ninth and tenth in the Oberliga for four more spots in this league.
On 17 May 2010, the Lower Saxony football association decided to rename the four Bezirksoberligas to Landesligas from 1 July 2010. This change in name came alongside the merger of the two Oberliga divisions above it into the Oberliga Niedersachsen.
Champions
Bezirksoberliga Weser-Ems 1979–1994
Landesliga Weser-Ems 1994–2006
Bezirksoberliga Weser-Ems 2006–2010
Landesliga Weser-Ems 2010–present
Promoted teams in bold.
References
Sources
Deutschlands Fußball in Zahlen, An annual publication with tables and results from the Bundesliga to Verbandsliga/Landesliga. DSFS.
Kicker Almanach, The yearbook on German football from Bundesliga to Oberliga, since 1937. Kicker Sports Magazine.
Die Deutsche Liga-Chronik 1945-2005 History of German football from 1945 to 2005 in tables. DSFS. 2006.
External links
Das deutsche Fussball Archiv Historic German league tables
The Oberliga Niedersachsen at Fussball.de
The Lower Saxony Football Association (NFV)
Wes
Football competitions in Lower Saxony
1979 establishments in West Germany
Sports leagues established in 1979
de:Landesliga Niedersachsen
nl:Bezirksoberliga Weser-Ems
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17331626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Simpson%20%28police%20official%29
|
John Simpson (police official)
|
John Richard Simpson (February 13, 1932 – February 10, 2017) was the first U.S. Interpol President (1984–1988) and was the sixteenth Director of the United States Secret Service (1981–1992).
Born in 1932, Simpson served in the United States Army, graduated from Loyola College in Montreal before attending Portia Law School.
Simpson joined the Secret Service in 1962 during his time at Portia Law (graduating in 1964 and was elected as his Law School President) and became Special Agent with the Presidential Protective Division in 1978.
After retiring as Director in 1992, Simpson became a commissioner in the United States Parole Commission for 2 terms.
References
1932 births
United States Secret Service agents
2017 deaths
Interpol officials
Directors of the United States Secret Service
American lawyers
New England Law Boston alumni
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17331649
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libral%20standard
|
Libral standard
|
The libral standard compares the weight of coins to the bronze as, which originally weighed one Roman pound, but decreased over time to 1/2 pound (the semi-libral standard). It is often used in discussions of ancient cast coinage of central Italy, especially Etruscan coins and Roman Republican coinage. The adjective libral is related to libra, the Ancient Roman unit of weight, and is not related to the word liberal.
The libral standard began with the era of the so-called aes grave (heavy bronze) cast coinage of Rome, from circa 280 BC, where one as weighed one Roman pound (libra), or twelve Roman ounces (unciae). This changed when the weight of the aes grave was decreased to approximately 10 unciae (the "light libral standard") circa 265-217 BC, remaining at that level until about 217 BC. It then suddenly fell to 6 unciae (the "semi-libral standard") around the start of the second Punic war in about 217 BC, before finally falling still further until about 141 BC.
The libral/semi-libral standards were followed by the triental standards and the sextantal standard.
Many Greek city states (colonies) were founded on the Italian peninsula and Sicily during this time period; these are collectively referred to as Magna Graecia. The coinage of those city-states is more closely related to the rest of the ancient Greek world (which included many colonies along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts), and generally has no relationship to the Etruscan/Roman units.
Notes
References
Crawford, Michael H. (1974). Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge University Press, 2 Volumes.
Coins
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23576497
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Reitz
|
Roger Reitz
|
Roger P. Reitz (born November 11, 1932) is an American doctor and politician, who served as a Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 22nd district from 2005 until 2013.
Reitz served as a representative in the Kansas House of Representatives from 2002 to 2005. He previously had served as mayor and city commissioner for the Manhattan City Commission and was president and member of Unified School District 383 School Board. Reitz graduated from Kansas State University and is graduated from the University of Kansas School of Medicine in 1959 with an M.D. He served in the United States Army as a physician. He is a practicing, board-certified doctor of internal medicine.
He is married to Virginia Reitz and lives in Manhattan. He and his wife have five children.
Elections
2012
In the 2012 Republican primary, Reitz was defeated in a three-way race in the Republican primary on August 7, 2012. Bob Reader, whose primary campaign was largely funded by Americans for Prosperity-Kansas, gained the party's nomination, winning 3,318 votes, to Reitz's 2,251 votes and Joe Knopp's 2,134 votes.
Reader was subsequently defeated in the November 2012 general election by former Kansas State Representative Tom Hawk, who was endorsed by Reitz. Hawk was unopposed in the Democratic primary, winning 1,559 votes.
2008
On November 4, 2008 Reitz was re-elected to the 22nd District, defeating Democrat Rusty Wilson by 24 votes.
2004
Bob Reader challenged Reitz in the Republican primary, but was defeated.
Committee assignments
Reitz served on these legislative committees:
Local Government (chair)
Federal and State Affairs (vice-chair)
Joint Committee on Children's Issues
Commerce
Joint Committee on Energy and Environmental Policy
Ethics and Elections
Joint Committee on Health Policy Oversight
Utilities
Major donors
Some of the top contributors to Reitz's 2008 campaign, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics:
Kansas Republican Senatorial Committee, Senator Reitz (self-finance), Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce, Kansas Contractors Association, AT&T
Political parties were his largest donor group.
References
External links
Kansas Senate
Project Vote Smart profile
Follow the Money campaign contributions
2002, 2004, 2006, 2008
Reitz's website
Kansas state senators
Politicians from Manhattan, Kansas
Living people
1932 births
Kansas Republicans
Members of the Kansas House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
Kansas State University alumni
University of Kansas School of Medicine alumni
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6901271
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Nicosia
|
Gerald Nicosia
|
Gerald Nicosia (born November 18, 1949 in Berwyn, Illinois) is an American author, poet, journalist, interviewer, and literary critic. He is based in Marin County, California.
About
Nicosia received a B.A. and an M.A. in English and American Literature, with Highest Distinction in English, from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1971 and 1973 respectively.
Nicosia has written book reviews for the past 25 years for many major American newspapers, including The Washington Post, the Chicago Tribune, The Kansas City Star, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Oakland Tribune, and the Los Angeles Times.
Nicosia is best known as a biographer of Jack Kerouac. His highly regarded Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac (1983) was reissued in March 2022 with new material by Noodlebrain Press. He had also been an advocate and supporter of the late Jan Kerouac, Jack's estranged daughter. In January 2009, Nicosia edited and published Jan Kerouac: A Life in Memory, containing photos and written essays and remembrances about her.
In 2001, Nicosia's book Home to War was published and covers the problems faced by Vietnam Veterans returning to an ungrateful nation. It also discusses the battle to stop the use of Agent Orange.
In 2020, Nicosia's book "BEAT Scrapbook" was published by coolgrove press. It contains highly personal poems by the author, many of which poems are addressed to Beat literary icons Nicosia knew as colleagues and friends.
Nicosia is currently working on a full-length critical biography of the pioneer black writer Ntozake Shange, which will be published by St. Martin’s Press.
Bibliography
Bughouse Blues (Vantage Press, 1977)
Memory Babe (Grove Press, 1983, reprint: University of California Press, 1994)
Lunatics, Lovers, Poets, Vets & Bargirls (Host Publications, 1991)
Home to War (Carroll & Graf, 2001, new edition, 2004)
Love, California Style (12 Gauge Press, 2002)
Jan Kerouac: A Life in Memory (Noodlebrain Press, Corte Madera, CA; 2009)
One and Only: The Untold Story of "On the Road Co-authored by Anne Marie Santos (Berkeley: Cleis Press/Viva Editions, 2011)
Night Train to Shanghai (Grizzly Peak Press, Kensington, CA; 2014)
The Last Days of Jan Kerouac (Noodlebrain Press, 2016)
Kerouac: The Last Quarter Century (Noodlebrain Press, 2019)
BEAT Scrapbook (coolgrove press, Brooklyn, NY, 2020)
References
External links
Official Website
PEN Oakland Official Website
Interview with Gerald Nicosia by Jonah Raskin, The Rag Blog, April 26, 2012]
Beat Scrapbook Book Review by Jim Feast, Sensitive Skin Magazine, September 9, 2020
Review of Beat Scrapbook by Jeff Kaliss, Mill Valley Literary Review, Issue #19.
American biographers
American literary critics
Living people
1949 births
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
Jack Kerouac
People from Berwyn, Illinois
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
American male non-fiction writers
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6901276
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov%20Polonsky
|
Yakov Polonsky
|
Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (; ) was a leading Pushkinist poet who tried to uphold the waning traditions of Russian Romantic poetry during the heyday of realistic prose.
Of noble birth, Polonsky attended the Moscow University, where he befriended Apollon Grigoryev and Afanasy Fet. Three young and promising poets wrote pleasing and elegant poems, emulating Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. He graduated from the university in 1844, publishing his first collection of poems the same year. Polonsky's early poetry is generally regarded as his finest; one of his first published poems was even copied by Nikolai Gogol into his notebook.
Unlike some other Russian poets, Polonsky did not belong to an affluent family. In order to provide for his relatives, he joined the office of Prince Vorontsov, first at Odessa and then (1846–51) at Tiflis. The spectacular nature of the Black Sea coast strengthened his predilection for Romanticism. Polonsky turned his attention to the Caucasian subjects and descriptions of lush nature, treated in the manner reminiscent of Lermontov (although he also wrote parodies of his poems). Nocturnal scenes especially appealed to him; in fact, one of his best known poems is called Georgian Night.
In 1849, Polonsky paid homage to the mountaineer folklore in his collection Sazandar. His verse epistle to Leo Pushkin (the poet's brother), known as A Stroll through Tiflis (1846), was written with more attention to realistic detail. In 1851, Polonsky moved to Saint Petersburg, where he was invited to edit the literary journal Russkoye Slovo. He soon gave up journalistic activities and continued his career at the censorship department. At that period, Polonsky would increasingly venture into social themes, without producing anything of lasting value. He was the last luminary of the 1840s still active in St. Petersburg of the 1890s, maintaining correspondence with such younger writers as Anton Chekhov. He died at the age of 78 and was buried in his native Ryazan.
Although Polonsky was highly regarded in his own day, his reputation has been in predictable decline during the last brutal century and a half. His most popular pieces are lyrical songs, notably Sleigh Bell (1854), "in which the sound of a sleigh bell evokes a dream state and images of lost love". Unsurprisingly, many of his poems were set to music by Russian composers including Alexander Dargomyzhsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Taneyev, and Anton Rubinstein. He also provided the libretto of Vakula the Smith after Gogol, intended for Alexander Serov, finally made into a competition piece and set by Tchaikovsky (1874), who reworked it later as Cherevichki.
References
External links
1819 births
1898 deaths
Russian male poets
Russian opera librettists
Pushkin Prize winners
People from Ryazan
Moscow State University alumni
Russian male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century poets
19th-century dramatists and playwrights of the Russian Empire
19th-century male writers of the Russian Empire
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17331655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrian%20Armoury
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Styrian Armoury
|
The Styrian Armoury (), in the Austrian city of Graz, is the world's largest historic armoury and attracts visitors from all over the world. It holds approximately 32,000 pieces of weaponry, tools, suits of armour for battle and ones for parades.
Between the 15th century and the 18th century, Styria was on the front line of almost continuous conflict with the Ottoman Empire and with rebels in Hungary. In order to defend itself it needed troops and these troops needed equipment. The Styrian Armoury results from the resulting need to store large quantities of armour and weapons, and was built from 1642 - 1645 by a Tyrolean architect called Antonio Solar.
After about 100 years in use, Austrian empress Maria Theresia wanted to close down the armoury, as part of her centralisation of the defence of Austria. Nevertheless, Styria petitioned for the ongoing existence of the armoury for both practical and sentimental reasons. Their petition was accepted and the Armoury was left intact, but largely decommissioned.
During World War II, the entire contents were moved to safety in three castles in remote parts of Styria, and no losses were recorded. After the end of the war, the objects were brought back into the undamaged original building.
The armoury is situated in Graz's Inner City, a few steps from Hauptplatz at Herrengasse Nr. 16. The armoury is open six days a week, closed Mondays, throughout the year. In November, it can only be visited through guided tours.
References
External links
Unofficial site with a few flaws
Armoury official site in english
Armories (military)
Buildings and structures in Graz
Military and war museums in Austria
Museums in Graz
Tourist attractions in Graz
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17331668
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokuk%27s%20Reserve
|
Keokuk's Reserve
|
Keokuk's Reserve was a parcel of land in the present-day U.S. state of Iowa that was retained by the Sauk and Fox tribes in 1832 in the aftermath of the Black Hawk War. The tribes stayed on the reservation only until 1836 when the land was ceded to the United States, and the Native Americans were moved to a new reservation.
Treaty terms
The terms of the treaty that ended the Black Hawk War resulted in the United States' gaining a large section of present-day Iowa known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Keokuk's Reserve was carved out of this cession. The treaty stipulated that the reserve include Keokuk's Village, about from the Mississippi River, as well as equal portions of land on either side of the Iowa River.
The reserve was a area along either side of the Iowa River. The boundary crossed the Iowa River and extended to the southeast where it terminated beyond Keokuk's Village. The land surrounding the reserve was ceded to the United States by Fox and Sauk tribes as part of the Black Hawk Purchase.
Life on the reservation
After the attrition of the Black Hawk War, the Sauk and Fox peoples were forced onto Keokuk's Reservation per the treaty they signed following the war. From the beginning, the reservation was depleted of game and poor in resources. Keokuk's leadership declined as he increasingly consumed alcohol.
Between 1833 and 1845 the Sauk and Fox population decreased more than 50 percent, from more than 6,000 to about 1,200 from each tribe. The community continued to decline as alcohol gained a stronger hold among the peoples. Political discord also tore the groups apart.
Cession to the United States
On September 28, 1836 a new treaty was signed which ceded all of the land within Keokuk's Reserve to the United States government. The treaty was signed near Davenport, Iowa and attended by Henry Dodge, and more than 1,000 chiefs and braves, including the aged Black Hawk, from the Sauk and Fox nations. The treaty text states that the reasoning behind the Sauk and Foxe's decision to cede the land was to "(obtain) additional means of support, and to pay their just creditors".
The result for the Sauk and Fox living within Keokuk's Reserve was that they were removed to another reservation along the Des Moines River. An Indian Agency was established on that reservation at the present-day location of Agency, Iowa. In addition, the treaty stipulated payment to Sauk and Fox of US$30,000 in June 1837 and $10,000 per year for ten succeeding years. The treaty also made other stipulations including a $1,000 payment to the widow of Felix St. Vrain and about $48,000 for the Sauk and Fox to settle their debts.
After their removal to the new reservation along the Des Moines, Joseph M. Street, agent to the Winnebago, was appointed agent to the Sauk and Fox. A farmhouse was erected as well as two mills; one of the mills was destroyed by flood but the other remained for several years. Keokuk and two other chiefs, Wapello and Appanoose, tended farm fields on the reservation. According to the 1882 History of Western Iowa, Its Settlement and Growth, much of the community began to suffer from "dissipation" (drunkenness), including Keokuk.
References
Black Hawk War
Former American Indian reservations
Native American history of Iowa
Former populated places in Iowa
Aboriginal title in the United States
1832 establishments in the United States
Sac and Fox
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17331675
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/353%20North%20Clark
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353 North Clark
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353 North Clark is a tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. The building began construction in 2007 and was completed in 2009. It has 45 floors with a total of of floorspace. 353 North Clark is the home of Jenner & Block, a law firm, the Intercontinental Exchange, a financial services firm, Mesirow Financial, a financial services firm, and Ventas, a real estate company. In 2014, Empire, a TV series created for FOX, began filming in its lobby.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
External links
Official website
Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago
Office buildings completed in 2009
2009 establishments in Illinois
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gold certified buildings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20strike
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1985 Major League Baseball strike
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The 1985 Major League Baseball strike was the fifth work stoppage in Major League Baseball since the 1972 Major League Baseball strike. The strike lasted only two days, August 6 and 7. Of the 25 games scheduled for those days, 23 were made up later in the season.
See also
1985 Major League Baseball season
Notes
External links
Google Search (timeline)
Jan-Jun, 1985
Jul-Dec, 1985
Major League Baseball Strike, 1985
Major League Baseball labor disputes
Strike
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Lombardi%20%28wrestler%29
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Pietro Lombardi (wrestler)
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Pietro Lombardi (4 June 1922 – 5 October 2011) was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Italy. He who won a gold medal in the flyweight division at the 1948 Olympics and placed third at the world championships in 1950 and 1955.
References
Olympic wrestlers of Italy
Wrestlers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Italian male sport wrestlers
Sportspeople from Bari
1922 births
2011 deaths
Olympic medalists in wrestling
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shea%20Ralph
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Shea Ralph
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Shea Sydney Ralph (born March 12, 1978) is a former collegiate basketball player and current head coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores women's basketball team. She was previously an assistant coach at UConn from 2008 to 2021. Ralph was proficient in multiple sports, set state high school records in basketball, and earned multiple national player of the year awards in high school and college. She helped win a national championship as a player at the University of Connecticut in 2000 and won numerous individual awards, including the Sports Illustrated for Women Player of the Year and the Honda Sports Award for the best collegiate female athlete in basketball. She suffered five ACL injuries in her career, two of which led to sitting out the 1997–98 season. Ralph was drafted by the WNBA Utah Starzz, but recurring knee problems prevented her from embarking on a professional career. Ralph started her coaching career as an assistant coach at the University of Pittsburgh in 2003.
High school
Shea Ralph grew up in Fayetteville, North Carolina, where she attended Terry Sanford High School. She was named Athlete of the Year by the North Carolina High School Athletic Association. The Terry Sanford High School graduate is best known for her basketball prowess, but she also lettered in soccer, cross-country, and track. At the time of the award she held 17 state basketball records, including 39.1 points per game as a junior, a 71.6 percent shooting percentage from the floor as a junior, and 18 assists in one game. A scholar as well as an athlete, the National Honor Society member was a recipient of the 1995 Dial Award presented annually to the top male and female high-school athlete/scholar in the United States, earning a 4.2 grade point average on a scale of 4.0. Ralph was named a High School All-American by the WBCA. She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game in 1996, scoring twelve points.
In 1996 she was named the USA Today National High School Player of the Year.
While in high school, Shea began a multi-year battle with anorexia nervosa. It began with an offhand comment by a teammate, telling her she looked a "little thick". She cut down her eating so significantly she dropped from to 108 (49 kg), a very low weight for a person. Her AAU coach, John Ellington, was concerned about her eating habits. One day at a post-game dinner he placed a hundred-dollar bill next to a plate of mozzarella sticks and told her the money was hers if she would just eat the mozzarella. She turned him down. So he had to up the stakes, and told her to gain weight or she was off the team. The prospect of not playing basketball persuaded her to eat. Despite barely eating, she still managed to score 3,002 points in her high school career.
College
Ralph was the subject of a spirited recruiting battle, a natural consequence of her abilities leading to national high school player of the year honors. Many programs pursued her, but two schools appeared to have better chances than Connecticut. Ralph's mother, Marsha (Mann) Lake, was an All-American basketball player for the University of North Carolina. The North Carolina program was one of the better programs in the country. Ralph was growing up in North Carolina and her name was a "household word since she was eleven years old". Another premier program, the University of Tennessee, was also very interested in Ralph. The head coach of Tennessee, Pat Summitt, was good friends with Marsha, so many felt one of those two schools would have the inside track.
Ralph called Geno Auriemma, the Connecticut coach, to ask what kind of role he envisioned for her at UConn. It is not uncommon for coaches to promise starting positions and a minimum number of minutes playing time for highly promising recruits. However, Auriemma responded, "I don't know. If you are really, really good, then you'll have a chance to play a lot. But if you suck, you won't play at all." Shortly thereafter, she made a recruiting visit to UConn, and told the coach she was ready to commit to Connecticut. She went on to have a great senior season in high school. After she earned the USA Player of the Year award, she was interviewed by USA Today, who asked about her recruiting decision. She explained, "Coach Auriemma was the only coach that told me if I was really good I'd play a lot, and if I sucked I wasn't playing." Auriemma read the quote in the paper and "almost [fell] off his chair". He called her to say, "Geez, Shea. Did you have to say that in the paper?".
Ralph attended the University of Connecticut from 1996 to 2001, wearing uniform number 33, and graduating with a B.A. in Exercise Physiology. She was enrolled at the university for five years, with a medical redshirt in her second year, 1997–98. During the four years she played full or partial seasons, UConn had a record of 130–10. In Big East play, the team only lost two games in four seasons for a combined record of 66–2. Uconn won the Big East Regular season championship and the post-season Big East tournament championship all four years. The Huskies went to the NCAA tournament all four years, making the Sweet Sixteen each time, and the Final Four in her last two seasons. In 2000 Ralph captained the team to the national championship and at the Final Four, was named the Tournament's Most Outstanding Player.
In her freshman year (1996–97) the UConn team won every game of their regular season schedule (27–0) and went on to win the Big East Tournament, completing an undefeated regular season with a 30–0 record. Ralph was named the Big East Rookie of the Year. She also earned national freshman of the year honors from both the United States Basketball Writers Association and The Sporting News. However, in the first round of the NCAA tournament, a game against Lehigh, Ralph tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in her right knee. She was unable to play for the rest of the tournament. While the team was able to win their first three NCAA matches without Ralph, they lost to Tennessee in the regional final.
Shea had her best scoring year as a sophomore, with 16.7 points per game. She shot over 40% from beyond the three-point arc for that season, and 51.7% during the Big East season, setting the all-time Big East record for three-point shooting in a season. In the Big East Tournament, her play earned her the Most Outstanding Performer award.
In her junior year (1999–2000), she was named captain of the team that went on to win the national championship. In the Championship game against Tennessee, she scored 15 points on seven of eight shooting. She also had six steals and seven assists, prompting teammate Marci Czel to nickname her Tournament Shea. She was named the Big East Player of the Year. Ralph also won national awards, including Sports Illustrated Women Player of the Year, the Honda Sports Award in basketball, and a spot on the Kodak All-America team. She played on the USA Basketball 2000 Jones Cup Team that won the gold in Taipei.
In her senior year (2000–01), Ralph was named to the Big East First team. During her four years she wore number 33, worn previously by Jamelle Elliott, current UConn sports announcer Meghan Pattyson Culmo and subsequently by Barbara Turner.
Her final game was memorialized in Jeff Goldberg's book Bird at the Buzzer, a game some have termed the "greatest women's basketball game ever played". After an excellent junior season, Ralph was less productive in the beginning of her senior season. The low point came in a game against Big East rival Notre Dame in January, a match-up between two undefeated teams ranked number one and number two in the country. Ralph scored only two points in that game. The rematch between the two teams came in the Big East Championship game. Ralph started out on fire. At one point, she scored eight consecutive points for the Huskies to help them turn a deficit into a slim 31–28 lead. A few minutes later she scored again, pushing her scoring total to eleven points on 4–4 shooting, along with six assists and three steals with over six minutes remaining in the first half. However, on her next possession, she drove to the basket and took a shot, twisting to avoid her defender. Then, "an agonizing scream pierce[d] the air" which prompted commentator Robin Roberts to cry "Shea Ralph, oh goodness, oh no", recognizing that Ralph had yet again torn an ACL. At halftime Ralph told her teammates that she had just "tweaked " it, and she would be back. UConn went on to win the game on a buzzer-beater by Sue Bird, but Ralph's college career was over. Nevertheless, Ralph's overall tournament production earned her a position on the all-tournament team.
Shea was a member of the inaugural class (2006) of inductees to the University of Connecticut women's basketball "Huskies of Honor" recognition program. She finished her college career with 1,678 points.
Shea's battle with anorexia continued in college. Her condition was not known to Connecticut at the time of her recruitment, but soon became apparent. Playing basketball was her first love, and benching her from playing did get her to eat; however, that only lasted until her first ACL tear. Not able to exercise while rehabilitating, she worried about gaining weight and reverted to poor eating habits. A preseason second ACL tear caused her to miss the entire 1997–98 season. That year off convinced her that she needed to overcome her anorexia, if only out of responsibility to her teammates.
Career statistics
Shea Ralph Statistics at University of Connecticut
USA Basketball
Ralph was named to the team representing the US in 2000 at the William Jones Cup competition in Taipei, Taiwan. The US team started strong with a 32-point win over the host team, the Republic of China National Team. They then beat South Korea easily and faced Japan in the third game. Japan started out strongly, and had an 18-point lead in the first half. The US then outscored Japan 23–3 to take a small lead at the half. The US built a ten-point lead, but Japan cut it back to three with under a minute to go. Kelly Schumacher grabbed an offensive rebound and scored to bring the lead back to five points and the team held on for the win. Schumacher had 24 points to help the US team beat Japan 83–80. The final game was against Malaysia, but it wasn't close, with the US winning 79–24, to secure a 4–0 record for the competition and the gold medal. Ralph was the team's leading scorer, averaging twelve points per game.
WNBA
Shea Ralph was drafted in the third round (40th pick) by the Utah Starzz (now the Las Vegas Aces) of the WNBA. She opted to sit out the first year so her knees could recover, but she never ended up playing in the league.
Coaching career
Early career and assistant coaching
After finishing her college playing career and reaching the conclusion she would not be able to continue as a professional, Ralph joined the Hartford, Connecticut school system in 2002 to implement a "strength and conditioning program at the high school and middle school levels." She also planned to work on a "disease education and prevention program, focusing on diabetes." The position was not without controversy. Some felt that the salary paid was out of line with her education credentials.
However, Ralph decided to get back into basketball and joined the University of Pittsburgh the following year. The transition to a school without the winning tradition of UConn was difficult. After playing in only ten losing games in her four-year career, she joined a team that had a streak of eleven losses in eleven games heading into their final season game, which they also lost. Tensions mounted, and after strong words to some of the players, one left, leaving the team short-handed for a scrimmage. Ralph, despite five ACL surgeries, filled in and helped lead by example. The experience convinced her that she wanted to become a head coach, but she recognized she had a lot to learn. "I've learned how to take losing." she said, "That's about it."
Ralph remained at Pittsburgh for five years, helping to turn a team with a losing record into a nationally ranked team. When Tonya Cardoza left UConn to take the head coaching position at Temple University, the school needed a new assistant. Head coach Geno Auriemma called the head coach at Pittsburgh, Agnus Berenato, for permission to talk to Ralph. Berenato knew exactly why he had called and responded, "I hope you don't get what you are calling for." However, he did, and Ralph became an assistant at UConn in 2008. Ralph spent 13 seasons in Storrs, assisting for 12 conference championship and 6 national championship teams.
Vanderbilt
On April 13, 2021, Ralph was named the Vanderbilt Commodores' sixth women's basketball head coach.
Head coaching record
Lifetime
Ralph is a 2008 inductee into the Fayetteville Sports Club Hall of Fame on the basis of her high school, college and coaching accomplishments.
Awards and honors
1995 – Dial Award
1996 – WBCA All-American
1995 – USA Today National High School Player of the Year
1999 – Big East Women's Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player
2000 – Winner of the Honda Sports Award for basketball
High School Records
Most steals in a season (second place) (251)
Most steals in a career (second place) (701)
Most points in a sophomore season (second place) (818)
Most points in a season by a junior (1,135)
Most points in a season by a senior (1,049)
Most points in a single game (61)
Per game average for career (33.0)
Consecutive 20-point games (50)
Field Goals in a season (426)
Most points in a single tournament game (52)
Personal life
Ralph is married to former NBA player and fellow coach Tom Garrick, who is a member of her coaching staff at Vanderbilt.
See also
UConn Huskies women's basketball
List of Connecticut women's basketball players with 1000 points
Notes
References
External links
Official Biography, Vanderbilt
1978 births
Living people
All-American college women's basketball players
American women's basketball coaches
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Raleigh, North Carolina
Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball coaches
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
UConn Huskies women's basketball coaches
UConn Huskies women's basketball players
Utah Starzz draft picks
Vanderbilt Commodores women's basketball coaches
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Mann
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Herbert Mann
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Herbert Harry Mann (30 December 1907 – 24 April 1977) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. He played for Griff Colliery, Derby County, Grantham Town, Ripley Town, and Manchester United.
References
External links
MUFCInfo.com profile
1907 births
1977 deaths
Sportspeople from Nuneaton
English footballers
Association football forwards
Derby County F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Grantham Town F.C. players
Ripley Town F.C. players
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20468773
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magothy
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Magothy
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Magothy may refer to:
Places
Magothy Bay Natural Area Preserve in Virginia
The Magothy Quartzite Quarry Archeological Site in Maryland
Rivers
The Magothy River in Maryland
The Little Magothy River in Maryland
Ships
USS Magothy (AVP-45), a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was cancelled in 1943 prior to construction.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham%20County%20Council
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Durham County Council
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Durham County Council is a local authority administering all significant local government functions in the unitary authority area of County Durham in North East England. The council area covers part of the ceremonial county of County Durham, excluding those parts which now form part of the Borough of Darlington, Borough of Hartlepool and the part of Borough of Stockton-on-Tees north of the River Tees.
Between its establishment in 1889 and major local government reforms in England in 1974, the council administered the historic county of Durham
Following the 2021 Durham County Council election the council is under no overall control. A Conservative/Liberal Democrat/Independents coalition was formed at the 2021 Annual General Meeting. From 1919 to 2021 the council was under the control of the Labour Party, who held a majority except from 1922 to 1925.
At the time of the 2011 census the council served a population of 513,200, which makes it one of the most-populous local authorities in England. It has its headquarters at County Hall in Durham.
History
The Local Government Act 1888 created Durham County Council with effect from April 1889 as the upper-tier local authority for the administrative county of Durham. At the same time, Gateshead, South Shields, and Sunderland were made county boroughs, exempting them from county council control. The first elections took place in January 1889. Darlington became a separate county borough in 1915, Hartlepool in 1967, and Teesside in 1969. Durham was the first county council to be controlled by the Labour Party, which won the most seats in 1919.
In 1974, the boundaries of the council area changed significantly as the new counties of Tyne and Wear and Cleveland were created, taking in areas in the northeast and southeast of County Durham. At the same time, the county council area gained the part of Teesdale south of the River Tees from the North Riding of Yorkshire.
In 1997 Darlington became a unitary authority, removing it from county council control.
Durham County Council itself became a unitary authority on 1 April 2009, when the seven remaining non-metropolitan districts of the county (Durham (City), Easington, Sedgefield (Borough), Teesdale, Wear Valley, Derwentside, and Chester-le-Street) were abolished and the county council absorbed their functions.
The legislation which created the unitary authority allowed the council to name itself 'Durham Council', but in the event the name 'Durham County Council' was kept.
Geography
The unitary district is situated around the non-metropolitan areas of County Durham, covering the towns of Consett, Barnard Castle, Peterlee, Seaham, Bishop Auckland, Newton Aycliffe, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Shildon, Chester-le-Street, Crook, Stanhope, Spennymoor, Ferryhill, Sedgefield and the cathedral city of Durham. As well as all surrounding hamlets, villages and suburbs of the unitary authority.
Darlington, Hartlepool and the parts of Stockton-on-Tees North of the River Tees are still part of the ceremonial county of County Durham but separate from the new unitary authority.
References
External links
Billing authorities in England
Durham, England
English unitary authorities created in 2009
Former county councils of England
Leader and cabinet executives
Local authorities in County Durham
Local education authorities in England
Local government in County Durham
Unitary authority councils of England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20industry%20in%20the%20United%20States
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Automotive industry in the United States
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The automotive industry in the United States began in the 1890s and, as a result of the size of the domestic market and the use of mass production, rapidly evolved into the largest in the world. The United States was the first country in the world to have a mass market for vehicle production and sales and is a pioneer of the automotive industry and mass market production process. During the course of the 20th century global competitors emerged especially in the second half of the century primarily across European and Asian markets, such as Germany, France, Italy, Japan and South Korea.
The U.S. is currently second among the largest manufacturer(s) in the world by volume.
American manufacturers produce approximately 10 million units annually. Notable exceptions were 5.7 million automobiles manufactured in 2009 (due to crisis), and more recently 8.8 million units in 2020 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.
While production peaked during the 1970s and early 2000s at levels of 13–15 million units.
Starting with Duryea in 1895, at least 1900 different companies were formed, producing over 3,000 makes of American automobiles. World War I (1917–1918) and the Great Depression in the United States (1929–1939) combined to drastically reduce the number of both major and minor producers. During World War II, all the auto companies switched to making military equipment and weapons. However, by the end of the next decade the remaining smaller producers disappeared or merged into amalgamated corporations. The industry was dominated by three large companies: General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler, all based in Metro Detroit. Those "Big Three" continued to prosper, and the U.S. produced three quarters of all automobiles in the world by 1950 (8.0 million out of 10.6 million). In 1908, 1 percent of U.S. households owned at least one automobile, while 50 percent did by 1948 and 75 percent did by 1960. Imports from abroad were a minor factor before the 1960s.
Beginning in the 1970s, a combination of high oil prices and increased competition from foreign auto manufacturers severely affected the companies. In the ensuing years, the companies periodically bounced back, but by 2008 the industry was in turmoil due to the aforementioned crisis. As a result, General Motors and Chrysler filed for bankruptcy reorganization and were bailed out with loans and investments from the federal government. But according to Autodata Corp, June 2014 seasonally adjusted annualized sales is the biggest in history with 16.98 million vehicles and toppled previous record in July 2006. Chrysler later merged into Fiat as Fiat Chrysler and is today a part of the multinational Stellantis group. American electric automaker Tesla emerged onto the scene in 2009 and has since grown to be one of the world's most valuable companies, producing around 1/4th of the world's fully-electric passenger cars.
Prior to the 1980s, most manufacturing facilities were owned by the Big Three (GM, Ford, Chrysler) and AMC. Their U.S. market share has dropped steadily as numerous foreign-owned car companies have built factories in the U.S. As of 2012, Toyota had 31,000 U.S. employees, compared to Ford's 80,000 and Chrysler's 71,100.
Development history
Production
The development of self-powered vehicles was accompanied by numerous technologies and components giving rise to numerous supplier firms and associated industries. Various types of energy sources were employed by early automobiles including steam, electric, and gasoline. Thousands of entrepreneurs were involved in developing, assembling, and marketing of early automobles on a small and local scale. Increasing sales facilitated production on a larger scale in factories with broader market distribution. Ransom E. Olds and Thomas B. Jeffery began mass production of their automobiles. Henry Ford focused on producing an automobile that many middle class Americans could afford.
A patent filed by George B. Selden on 8 May 1879 covered not only his engine but its use in a four-wheeled car. Selden filed a series of amendments to his application which stretched out the legal process, resulting in a delay of 16 years before the patent was granted on 5 November 1895. Selden licensed his patent to most major American automakers, collecting a fee on each car they produced and creating the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. The Ford Motor Company fought this patent in court, and eventually won on appeal. Henry Ford testified that the patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the United States.
Originally purchased by wealthy individuals, by 1916 cars began selling at $875. Soon, the market widened with the mechanical betterment of the cars, the reduction in prices, as well as the introduction of installment sales and payment plans. During the period from 1917 to 1926, the annual rate of increase in sales was considerably less than from 1903 to 1916. In the years 1918, 1919, 1921, and 1924 there were absolute declines in automotive production. The automotive industry caused a massive shift in the industrial revolution because it accelerated growth by a rate never before seen in the U.S. economy. The combined efforts of innovation and industrialization allowed the automotive industry to take off during this period and it proved to be the backbone of United States manufacturing during the 20th century.
American road system
The practicality of the automobile was initially limited because of the lack of suitable roads. Travel between cities was mostly done by railroad, waterways, or carriages. Roads were mostly dirt and hard to travel, particularly in bad weather. The League of American Wheelmen maintained and improved roads as it was viewed as a local responsibility with limited government assistance. During this time, there was an increase in production of automobiles coupled with a swell of auto dealerships, marking their growth in popularity.
State involvement
State governments began to use the corvee system to maintain roads, an implementation of required physical labor on a public project on the local citizens. Part of their motivation was the needs of farmers in rural areas attempting to transport their goods across rough, barely functioning roads.
The other reason was the weight of the wartime vehicles. The materials involved altered during World War I to accommodate the heavier trucks on the road and were responsible for widespread shift to macadam highways and roadways. However, rural roads were still a problem for military vehicles, so four wheel drive was developed by automobile manufacturers to assist in powering through. As the prevalence of automobiles grew, it became clear funding would need to improve as well and the addition of government financing reflected that change.
Federal involvement
The Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 allocated $75 million for building roads. It was also responsible for approving a refocusing of military vehicles to road maintenance equipment. It was followed by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 provided additional funding for road construction. By 1924, there were 31,000 miles of paved road in the U.S.
International trade
The Big Three automakers
About 3,000 automobile companies have existed in the United States. In the early 1900s, the U.S. saw the rise of the Big Three automakers; Ford, GM, and Chrysler. The industry became centered around Detroit, in Michigan, and adjacent states (and nearby Ontario, Canada). Historian John Rae summarizes the explanations provided by historians: a central geographic location, water access, and an established industrial base with many skilled engineers. The key factor was that Detroit was the base for highly talented entrepreneurs who saw the potential of the automobile: Henry Ford, Ransom E. Olds, Roy D. Chapin, Henry Joy, William C. Durant, Howard E. Coffin, John Dodge and Horace Dodge, and Benjamin Briscoe and Frank Briscoe. From 1900 to 1915 these men transformed the fledgling industry into an international business.
Henry Ford began building cars in 1896 and started his own company in 1903. The Ford Motor Company improved mass-production with the first conveyor belt-based assembly line in 1913, producing the Model T (which had been introduced in 1908). These assembly lines significantly reduced costs. The first models were priced at $850, but by 1924 had dropped to $290. The Model T sold extremely well and Ford became the largest automobile company in the U.S. By the time it was retired in 1927, more than 15 million Model Ts had been sold. Ford introduced the Model A in 1927 (after a six-month production stoppage to convert from the Model T), and produced it through 1931. However, while the Model A was successful, Ford lost ground to GM and eventually Chrysler, as auto buyers looked to more upscale cars and newer styling. Ford was also a pioneer in establishing foreign manufacturing facilities, with production facilities created in England in 1911, and Germany and Australia in 1925. Ford purchased the luxury Lincoln automaker in 1922 and established the Mercury division in 1939.
General Motors Corporation (GM), the company that would soon become the world's largest automaker, was founded in 1908 by William Durant. Durant had previously been a carriage maker, and had taken control of Buick in 1904. The company initially acquired Buick, Oldsmobile and Oakland (later to become Pontiac) in 1908. The next year GM acquired Cadillac, along with a number of other car companies and parts suppliers. Durant also was interested in acquiring Ford, but after initial merger talks, Henry Ford decided to keep his company independent. In 1910, Durant lost control of GM after over-extending the company with its acquisitions. A group of banks took over control of GM and ousted Durant. Durant and Louis Chevrolet founded Chevrolet in 1913 and it quickly became very successful. Durant began acquiring stock in GM and by 1915 had majority control. Chevrolet was acquired by GM in 1917 and Durant was back in charge of GM. In 1921, Durant was again forced out of the company. During the late 1920s, General Motors overtook Ford to become the largest automaker. Under the leadership of Alfred P. Sloan, General Motors instituted decentralized management and separate divisions for each price class. They also introduced annual model changes. GM also became an innovator in technology under the leadership of Charles F. Kettering. GM followed Ford by expanding overseas, including purchasing England's Vauxhall Motors in 1925, Germany's Opel in 1929, and Australia's Holden in 1931. GM also established GMAC (now Ally Financial) in 1919 to provide credit for buyers of its cars.
Walter Chrysler was formerly president of Buick and an executive of GM. After leaving GM in 1920, he took control of the Maxwell Motor Company, revitalized the company and, in 1925, reorganized it into Chrysler Corporation. He then acquired Dodge in 1927. The acquisition of Dodge gave Chrysler the manufacturing facilities and dealer network that it needed to significantly expand production and sales. In 1928, Chrysler introduced the Plymouth and DeSoto brands. Chrysler also overtook Ford to become the second largest auto maker by the 1930s, following similar strategies as General Motors.
General Motors wanted automobiles to be not just utilitarian devices, which Ford emphasized, but also status symbols that were highly visible indicators of an individual's wealth. Through offering different makes and models they offered different levels in social status meeting the demands of consumers needing to display wealth. Ford and General Motors each had their own impact on social status and the type of market they were targeting. Henry Ford focused on delivering one inexpensive, efficient product for the masses. Ford's offer was one car, one color, for one price. He not only manufactured a product for the masses, but he provided a $5 a day wage so that there was a local market to buy this product. By contrast General Motors offered a product that catered to those looking to gain status by having that sense of individualism and offering different make, models, and quality.
Great Depression and World War II
The 1930s saw the demise of many auto makers due to the economic effects of the Great Depression, stiff competition from the Big Three, and/or mismanagement. Luxury car makers were particularly affected by the economy, with companies like Stutz Motor Company, Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company, Peerless Motor Company, Cunningham, and the Marmon Motor Car Company going out of business. The decade also saw several companies with innovative engineering, such as the Doble Steam Motors Corporation (advanced steam engines) and Franklin Automobile Company (air-cooled aluminium engines) going out of business. Errett Lobban Cord, who controlled the Auburn Automobile Company (which also sold the Cord) and the Duesenberg Motor Company, was under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Internal Revenue Service. His auto empire collapsed in 1937 and production ceased.
Major technological innovations were introduced or were widely adopted during the 1930s, such as synchromesh manual transmissions, semi-automatic transmissions, automatic transmissions, hydraulic brakes, independent front suspension, and overhead-valve engines. The Cord 810 used front-wheel drive, had hidden headlights, and was offered with a supercharger. Exterior styling designs were more flowing, as shown most noticeably on the Auburn Speedster and the Cord 810/812. Radical air-streamed design was introduced on the Chrysler Airflow, a sales flop, and the Lincoln-Zephyr (both of which used unit-body construction). Packard introduced their "Air Cool-ditioned" car in 1940.
After the United States entered World War II in December 1941, all auto plants were converted to war production, including jeeps, trucks, tanks, and aircraft engines; all passenger automobile production ceased by February 1942. The industry received $10 billion in war-related orders by that month, compared to $4 billion before the attack on Pearl Harbor. All factories were enlarged and converted, many new ones such as Ford's Willow Run and Chrysler's Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant were built, and hundreds of thousands more workers were hired. Many were new arrivals from Appalachia. The most distinctive new product was the Jeep, with Willys making 352,000 and Ford another 295,000. The industry produced an astonishing amount of material, including 5.9 million weapons, 2.8 million tanks and trucks, and 27,000 aircraft. This production was a major factor in the victory of the allies. Experts anticipated that Detroit would learn advanced engineering methods from the aviation industry that would result in great improvements for postwar civilian automobiles.
Unionization of the auto manufacturers workforce
Due to the difficult working conditions in the auto production plants, auto workers began to seek representation to help improve conditions and ensure fair pay. The United Automobile Workers union won recognition from GM and Chrysler in 1937, and Ford in 1941. In 1950, the automakers granted workers a company-paid pension to those 65 years old and with 30 years seniority. In the mid-1950s, the automakers agreed to set up a trust fund for unemployed auto workers. In 1973, the automakers agreed to offer pensions to any worker with 30 years seniority, regardless of age. By then the automakers had also agreed to cover the entire health insurance bill for its employees, survivors, and retirees.
Decline of the independent automakers
The only major auto companies to survive the Great Depression were General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler Corporation, Hudson Motor Car Company, Nash-Kelvinator Corporation, Packard Motor Car Company, Studebaker Corporation, and Crosley Motors. The former three companies, known as the Big Three, enjoyed significant advantages over the smaller independent auto companies due to their financial strength, which gave them a big edge in marketing, production, and technological innovation. Most of the Big Three's competitors ended production by the 1960s, and their last major domestic competitor was acquired in the 1980s.
Crosley Motors ceased auto production in 1952. Packard and Studebaker merged in 1954, but ended production of Packard-branded cars in 1958 and ceased all auto production in 1966.
Kaiser-Frazer Corporation was started in 1945 and acquired Willys-Overland Motors (maker of the Jeep) in 1953. Production of passenger cars was discontinued in 1955. In 1970, the company was sold to American Motors Corporation.
In 1954, Nash-Kelvinator and Hudson merged to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). The company introduced numerous product and marketing innovations, but its small size made it difficult to compete with the Big Three and struggled financially. The French auto maker Renault took control of AMC in the early 1980s, but financial difficulties continued and AMC was purchased by Chrysler Corporation in 1987.
Periodically, other entrepreneurs would found automobile companies, but most would soon fail and none achieved major sales success. Some of the best known included Preston Tucker's 1948 sedan, Earl Muntz's Muntz Car Company, Malcolm Bricklin's Bricklin SV-1, the modern Stutz Blackhawk, Clénet Coachworks, Zimmer, Excalibur, and John DeLorean's DeLorean.
Post-war years
Initial auto production after World War II was slowed by the retooling process, shortages of materials, and labor unrest. However, the American auto industry reflected the post-war prosperity of the late-1940s and the 1950s. Cars grew in overall size, as well as engine size during the 1950s. The Overhead valve V-8 engine developed by GM in the late-1940s proved to be very successful and helped ignite the horsepower race, the second salvo of which was Chrysler's 1951 Hemi engine. Longer, lower, and wider tended to be the general trend. Exterior styling was influenced by jets and rockets as the space-age dawned. Rear fins were popular and continued to grow larger, and front bumpers and taillights were sometimes designed in the shape of rockets. Chrome plating was very popular, as was two-tone paint. The most extreme version of these styling trends were found in the 1959 Cadillac Eldorado and Chrysler Corporation's 1957 Imperial. The Chevrolet Corvette and the Ford Thunderbird, introduced in 1953 and 1955 respectively, were designed to capture the sports car market. However, the Thunderbird grew in size in 1958 and evolved into a personal luxury car. The 1950s were also noted for perhaps one of the biggest miscues in auto marketing with the Ford Edsel, which was the result of unpopular styling and being introduced during an economic recession.
The introduction of the Interstate Highway System and the suburbanization of America made automobiles more necessary and helped change the landscape and culture in the United States. Individuals began to see the automobile as an extension of themselves.
1960s
Big changes were taking place in automobile development in the 1960s, with the Big Three dominating the industry. Meanwhile, with the passage of the $33 billion Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, a network of regional and interstate roads continued to enhance transportation. As urban areas became more congested, more families migrated to the suburbs. Between 1960 and 1970, 70 percent of the population's growth occurred in the suburbs.
Imported vehicles grew during the 1950s and 1960s – from a very low base. In 1966, the Big Three (GM, Ford, Chrysler) had market share of 89.6% (44.5% in 2014). From 1966 to 1969, net imports increased at an average annual rate of 84%. The Volkswagen Beetle was the biggest seller.
The compact Nash Rambler had been around since 1950, and American Motors Corporation (AMC) expanded into a range of smaller cars than were offered by the Big Three. By 1960, Rambler was the third most popular brand of automobile in the United States, behind Ford and Chevrolet. In response to this the domestic auto makers developed compact-sized cars, such as the Ford Falcon, Chevrolet Corvair, Studebaker Lark, and Plymouth Valiant.
The four-seat 1958 Ford Thunderbird (second generation) was arguably the first personal luxury car, which became a large market segment.
Pony cars were introduced with the Ford Mustang in 1964. This car combined sporty looks with a long hood, small rear deck, and a small rear seat. The car proved highly successful and imitators soon arose, including the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, Plymouth Barracuda (actually introduced two weeks prior to the Mustang), AMC Javelin, and the two-seat AMX, as well as the "luxury" version of the Mustang, the Mercury Cougar. Muscle cars were also introduced in 1964 with the Pontiac GTO. These combined an intermediate-sized body with a large high-output engine. Competitors were also quickly introduced, including the Chevrolet Chevelle SS, Dodge R/T (Coronet and Charger), Plymouth Road Runner/GTX, Ford Torino, and AMC's compact SC/Rambler. Muscle cars reached their peak in the late-1960s, but soon fell out of favor due to high insurance premiums along with the combination of emission controls and high gas prices in the early 1970s.
While the personal luxury, pony, and muscle cars got most of the attention, the full sized cars formed the bulk of auto sales in the 1960s, helped by low oil prices. The styling excesses and technological gimmicks (such as the retractable hardtop and the pushbutton automatic transmission) of the 1950s were de-emphasized. The rear fins were downsized and largely gone by the mid-1960s, as was the excessive chrome.
Federal regulation of the auto industry
Safety and environmental issues during the 1960s led to stricter government regulation of the auto industry, spurred in part by Ralph Nader and his book: Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-in Dangers of the American Automobile. This resulted in higher costs and eventually to weaker performance for cars in the 1970s, a period known as the Malaise Era of auto design during which American cars suffered from very poor performance.
Seat lap belts were mandated by many states effective in 1962. Under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards required shoulder belts for front passengers, front head restraints, energy-absorbing steering columns, ignition-key warning systems, anti-theft steering column/transmission locks, side marker lights and padded interiors starting in 1968.
Beginning in 1972, bumpers were required to be reinforced to meet 5-mph impact standards, a decision that was revised in 1982.
With the Clean Air Act (United States) of 1963 and the Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act of 1965, emission controls began being instituted in 1968. The use of leaded gasoline began being curtailed in the early 1970s, which resulted in lower-compression engines being used, and thus reducing horsepower and performance. Catalytic converters began being widely used by the mid-1970s.
During his first term as EPA Administrator, William Ruckelshaus spent 60% of his time on the automobile industry, whose emissions were to be reduced 90% under the 1970 Clean Air Act after senators became frustrated at the industry's failure to cut emissions under previous, weaker air laws.
1970s
As bold and confident as the Big Three automakers were in the 1950s and 1960s, the American auto makers in the 1970s and 1980s stumbled badly, going from one engineering, manufacturing, or marketing disaster to another, and this time is often referred to as the Malaise era of American auto design.
By 1969, imports had increased their share of the U.S. auto market with smaller, inexpensive vehicles. Volkswagen sold over 500,000 vehicles, followed by Toyota with over 100,000. In 1986 South Korea entered the American market. In response to this, the domestic auto makers introduced new compact and sub-compact cars, such as the Ford Pinto and Maverick, the Chevrolet Vega, and the AMC Gremlin, Hornet and Pacer. (Chrysler had to make do with importing the Dodge Colt from Mitsubishi Motors and the Plymouth Cricket from their affiliated Rootes Group.) However, design and manufacturing problems plagued a number of these cars, leading to unfavorable consumer perceptions.
GM had a string of miscues starting with the Chevrolet Vega, which developed a reputation for rapidly rusting and having major problems with the aluminium engine.
The problems with Ford's Pinto became nationally famous and Ford's reputation was harmed after media accusations that its fuel system was prone to fire when the car was struck from behind. It was also alleged that Ford knew about this vulnerability but did not design any safeguards in order to save a few dollars per vehicle and that the company rationalized that the cost of lawsuits would be less than the cost of redesigning the car. Historical analysis of the facts don't support the "death trap" reputation attached to the Pinto but the damage to Ford's reputation had been done.
Auto sales were hurt by the 1973 oil crisis Arab embargo as the price of gasoline soared. Small fuel-efficient cars from foreign automakers took a sharply higher share of the U.S. auto sales market. Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act the federal government initiated fuel efficiency standards (known as Corporate Average Fuel Economy, or CAFE) in 1975, effective as of 1978 for passenger cars, and as of 1979 for light trucks.
For passenger cars, the initial standard was 18 miles per gallon (mpg), and increased to 27.5 mpg by 1985.
General Motors began responding first to the high gas prices by downsizing most of their models by 1977, and lowering their performance. In 1979, the second oil price spike occurred, precipitated by political events in Iran, resulting in the 1979 energy crisis. By 1980, the economy slid into turmoil, with high inflation, high unemployment, and high interest rates. The automakers suffered large operating losses. Chrysler was hurt most severely and in 1979 received a bailout from the federal government in the form of $1.5 billion in loan guarantees. One quick fix was a Detroit-built version of their then-new French (Simca) economy car, the Horizon. As a result of its financial difficulties, Chrysler sold its British and French subsidiaries, Rootes Group and Simca to the French automaker Groupe PSA for $1.
Cadillac damaged their reputation when the four-cylinder Cadillac Cimarron was introduced in 1981 (a gussied-up Chevrolet Cavalier at twice the price) and the "V8-6-4" engine didn't work as advertised. GM's reputation was also damaged when it revealed in 1977 that they were installing Chevrolet engines in Oldsmobiles, and lawsuits from aggrieved Oldsmobile owners followed. Likewise litigation ensued when a trio of diesel engines, designed from gasoline engines and used in GM cars from 1978 to 1985 suffered major problems. Class action lawsuits and efforts from the Federal Trade Commission resulted in buybacks of the cars from GM. Chrysler also suffered damage to its reputation when its compact cars, the Plymouth Volaré and Dodge Aspen, were developed quickly and suffered from massive recalls and poor quality.
1980s
In 1981, Japanese automakers entered into the "voluntary export restraint" limiting the number of autos that they could export to the U.S. to 1.68 million per year. One side effect of this quota was that Japanese car companies opened new divisions through which they began developing luxury cars that had higher profit margins, such as with Toyota's Lexus, Honda's Acura, and Nissan's Infiniti. Another consequence was that the Japanese car makers began opening auto production plants in the U.S., with the three largest Japanese auto manufacturers all opening production facilities by 1985. These facilities were opened primarily in the southern states because of financial incentives offered by state governments, access to the nation via the interstate highways, the availability of a large pool of cheaper labor, and the weakness of unions. The Southern states passed right-to-work laws and the UAW failed in its repeated union-organizing efforts at these plants.
The Big Three began investing in and/or developing joint manufacturing facilities with several of the Japanese automakers. Ford invested in Mazda as well as setting up a joint facility with them called AutoAlliance International. Chrysler bought stock in Mitsubishi Motors and established a joint facility with them called Diamond-Star Motors. GM invested in Suzuki and Isuzu Motors, and set up a joint manufacturing facility with Toyota, called NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.).
Despite the financial and marketing upheavals during the 1970s and 1980s, these decades led to technological innovations and/or widespread use of such improvements as disc brakes, fuel injection, electronic engine control units, and electronic ignition. Front-wheel drive became the standard drive system by the late 1980s.
By the mid-1980s, oil prices had fallen sharply, helping lead to the revitalization of the American auto industry. Under the leadership of Lee Iacocca, Chrysler Corporation mounted a comeback after its flirtation with bankruptcy in 1979. The minivan was introduced in the 1984 model year by Chrysler with the Plymouth Voyager and Dodge Caravan, and proved very popular. These vehicles were built on a passenger-car chassis and seated up to seven people as well as being able to hold bulky loads. Chrysler also introduced their "K-cars" in the 1980s, which came with front-wheel drive and fuel-efficient OHC engines. In 1987, Chrysler bought American Motors Corporation, which produced the Jeep. This proved to be excellent timing to take advantage of the sport utility vehicle boom. Ford also began a comeback after losses of $3.3 billion in the early 1980s. In 1985, the company introduced the very successful, aerodynamic Taurus. General Motors, under the leadership of Roger Smith, was not as successful as its competitors in turning itself around, and its market share fell significantly. While Ford and Chrysler were cutting production costs, GM was investing heavily in new technology. The company's attempts at overhauling its management structure and using increased technology for manufacturing production were not successful. Several large acquisitions (Electronic Data Systems and Hughes Aircraft Company) also diverted management attention away from their main industry. (Ford and Chrysler also joined in the acquisition and diversification trend, with Ford buying Jaguar Cars, Aston Martin, The Associates (a finance company), and First Nationwide Financial Corp. (a savings and loan). Chrysler purchased Lamborghini, an interest in Maserati, and Gulfstream Aerospace jets.) GM started the Saturn brand in the late 1980s as a way to retake sales from imported cars. While Saturn initially succeeded, GM later neglected to provide it much support. Around this time GM also began development on the General Motors EV1 electric car, which debuted in 1996.
1990s
The 1990s began the decade in a recession, which resulted in weak auto sales and operating losses. In addition, the Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq caused a temporary jump in oil prices. However, the automakers recovered fairly quickly. In the mid-1990s, light truck sales (which included sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks and minivans) began to rise sharply. Due to the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards differentiating between passenger cars and light trucks, the automakers were able to sell large and heavy vehicles without fear of the CAFE fines. Low oil prices also gave incentives for consumers to buy these gas-guzzling vehicles. The American automakers sold combined, and even separately, millions of pickup trucks and body-on-frame SUVs during this period. Imports such as the Toyota 4Runner, Land Cruiser, Tacoma, and Nissan Pathfinder and Frontier were also popular during this time period.
The automakers also continued their trend of purchasing or investing in foreign automakers. GM purchased a controlling interest in Saab in 1990 and Daewoo Motors in 2001, and invested in Subaru in 1999 and Fiat in 2000. They also purchased the Hummer name from AM General in 1998. Ford purchased Volvo in 1999 and Land Rover in 2000. GM and Ford also established joint ventures with Chinese auto companies during this period. GM's joint ventures are with Shanghai GM, SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile, and FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co Ltd. Ford's joint ventures are with Chang'an Ford and Jiangling Ford.
While the American automakers were investing in or buying foreign competitors, the foreign automakers continued to establish more production facilities in the United States. In the 1990s, BMW and Daimler-Benz opened SUV factories in Spartanburg County, South Carolina and Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, respectively. In the 2000s, assembly plants were opened by Honda in Lincoln, Alabama, Nissan in Canton, Mississippi, Hyundai in Montgomery, Alabama and Kia in West Point, Georgia. Toyota opened an engine plant in Huntsville, Alabama in 2003 (along with a truck assembly plant in San Antonio, Texas) and is building an assembly plant in Blue Springs, Mississippi. Volkswagen has announced a new plant for Chattanooga, Tennessee. Also, several of the Japanese auto manufacturers expanded or opened additional plants during this period. For example, while new, the Alabama Daimler-Benz and Honda plants have expanded several times since their original construction. The opening of Daimler-Benz plant in the 1990s had a cascade effect. It created a hub of new sub-assembly suppliers in the Alabama area. This hub of sub-assemblies suppliers helped in attracting several new assembly plants into Alabama plus new plants in nearby Mississippi, Georgia and Tennessee.
In 1998, Chrysler and the German automaker Daimler-Benz entered into a "merger of equals" although in reality it turned out be an acquisition by Daimler-Benz. Thus the Big Three American-owned automakers turned into the Big Two automakers. However, a culture clash emerged between the two divisions, and there was an exodus of engineering and manufacturing management from the Chrysler division. The Chrysler division struggled financially, with only a brief recovery when the Chrysler 300 was introduced. In 2007, Daimler-Benz sold the company to a private equity firm, Cerberus Capital Management, thus again making it American-owned.
2000s
The 2000s began with a recession in early 2001 and the effects of the September 11 attacks, significantly affecting auto industry sales and profitability. The stock market decline affected the pension fund levels of the automakers, requiring significant contributions to the funds by the automakers (with GM financing these contributions by raising debt). In 2001, Chrysler discontinued their Plymouth brand, and in 2004 GM ended their Oldsmobile division.
In 2005, oil prices began rising and peaked in 2008. With the American automakers heavily dependent upon the gas-guzzling light truck sales for their profits, their sales fell sharply. Additionally, the finance subsidiaries of the Big Three became of increasing importance to their overall profitability (and their eventual downfall). GMAC (now Ally Financial), began making home mortgage loans, especially subprime loans. With the subsequent collapse of the sub-prime mortgage industry, GM suffered heavy losses.
The Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 happened when the Big Three were in weak financial condition and the beginning of an economic recession, and the financial crisis resulted in the automakers looking to the federal government for help. Ford was in the best position, as under new CEO Alan Mulally they had fortuitously raised $23 billion in cash in 2006 by mortgaging most of their assets. Chrysler, purchased in 2007 by a private equity firm, had weak financial backing, was the most heavily dependent on light truck sales, and had few new products in their pipeline. General Motors was highly leveraged, also heavily dependent on light truck sales, and burdened by high health care costs.
The CEOs of the Big Three requested government aid in November 2008, but sentiment in Congress was against the automakers, especially after it was revealed that they had flown to Washington D.C. on their private corporate jets. In December 2008, President Bush gave $17.4 billion to GM and Chrysler from the Troubled Asset Relief Program as temporary relief for their cash flow problems. Several months later, President Obama formed the Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry to decide how to handle GM and Chrysler. Chrysler received a total of $12.5 billion in TARP funds and entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2009.
Automaker Fiat was given management control and a 20% ownership stake (adjusted to 35% under certain conditions), the U.S. and Canadian governments were given a 10% holding, and the remaining ownership was given to a Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association (VEBA), which was a trust fund established to administer employee health care benefits.
The Automotive Task Force requested that GM CEO Rick Wagoner resign (although he was replaced by another long-time GM executive, Frederick Henderson). GM received a total of $49.5 billion in TARP funds and entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy in June 2009. The U.S. and Canadian governments received a 72.5% ownership stake, a VEBA received 17.5%, and the unsecured creditors received 10%. As part of the bailout GM and Chrysler closed numerous production plants and eliminated hundreds of dealerships and thousands of jobs. They also required a number of major labor union concessions. GM also sold off the Saab division and eliminated the Pontiac, Hummer, and Saturn Corporation brands. In addition to the $62 billion that the automakers received from TARP, their financing arms, Ally Financial and TD Auto Finance received an additional $17.8 billion. In addition to the funding from the United States government, the Canadian government provided $10.8 billion to GM and $2.9 billion to Chrysler as incentives to maintain production facilities in Canada.
Ford did not request any government assistance, but as part of their downsizing sold Volvo in 2010 and phased out their Mercury division in 2011. (They had previously sold Aston Martin in 2007, and Land Rover and Jaguar Cars in 2008). Under the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program Ford borrowed $5.9 billion to help their vehicles meet higher mileage requirements.
2010s
Ford went through 2012 having recovered to the point of having 80,000 total U.S. employees, supplying their 3,300 dealerships. In comparison, Chrysler had 71,100 U.S. employees supplying their 2,328 dealerships during that year.
Data for the beginning of 2014 put the four companies of GM, Ford, Toyota, and Chrysler, in that order, at the top as having the most U.S. car sales. In terms of specific types of vehicles, the new decade has meant Chrysler having an emphasis on its Ram trucks and the Jeep Cherokee SUV, both of which had "hefty sales" for 2014 according to a news report.
In 2014, Fiat, now named Fiat Chrysler, established full control of ownership of Chrysler and its divisions (Dodge, Jeep and Ram Trucks)
In 2017, it is reported that auto makers spent more on incentives, US$3,830 per vehicle sold, than labour, which is estimated to be less than US$2,500 per vehicle.
In 2017, General Motors sold its European brands, Opel and Vauxhall, to Groupe PSA due to low profits. It also announced the closure of the Holden plant in Australia, making Holden an import brand.
In 2019, General Motors closed 5 plants. It also pulled out of Uzbekistan.
Near the end of the decade, it became clear that the market now has a preference for crossover SUVs over passenger cars.
In 2016, Fiat Chrysler announced that it would be discontinuing the Dodge Dart and Chrysler 200 sedans. CEO Sergio Marchionne said that, even though they were good cars, they were the least financially rewarding investments the company has made recently.
Ford, in 2018, announced that it will be discontinuing all of its passenger cars save for the Ford Mustang, and the Ford Focus would come back as a crossover-hatchback vehicle. General Motors followed by saying it would not follow Ford, however, backtracked on that and announced that it would be discontinuing most of its passenger cars by 2022.
2020s
In 2020, General Motors announced the end of Holden and will leave Australia and New Zealand by 2021. General Motors has also announced its exit from the Thai market and plans to sell their Rayong plant.
In August 2021, Ford announced that it would be shutting down its India production as it was not able to have sufficient demand to justify running 2 plants.
In January 2021, Fiat Chrysler (FCA) merged with Groupe PSA hence making FCA's North American operations (including Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep and Ram) part of a brand new parent entity named Stellantis, which is headquartered in The Netherlands.
On January 28, 2021, General Motors announced that it will become 100% all-electric by 2035 in order to become compliant with the Biden Administration's tougher automotive emission standards and electric vehicle goals due to worsening climate change and air pollution.
By 2021, the only non-SUV, truck, or van that Ford produced was the Mustang pony car, while GM only produced the Malibu midsized sedan, the Camaro pony car and the luxury Cadillac CT4 and CT5
The late 2010s and early 2020s also saw the rise of electric-only brand Tesla, which became the most valuable automaker in the world by market capitalization in January 2020, and produced over half a million cars in 2020.
The decade has also seen the rise of electric cars in general, and in 2020 roughly 2 percent of all new cars sold were fully electric.
According to the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, by 2026, all new passenger vehicles sold must be equipped with systems that do not allow the vehicle to turn on if blood alcohol content level is above the amount permissible by law. The legislation is not clear what form this detection would take, the wording states that the monitoring would be "passive" which will possibly require the use of cameras in order to properly track and monitor driver behavior. Proponents of this change state that it will reduce drunk driving deaths on the road while opponents argue that it is a violation of privacy of drivers and that drivers could experience technical difficulties while on the road.
In December 2021, President Joe Biden imposed and signed Executive Order 14057, which states that by 2035, all new light duty vehicles sold in the United States must be 100% all-electric vehicles due to climate change and air pollution issues in the US. The order will also ban new car sales of fossil-fuel powered government-owned vehicles by 2027, new fossil-fuel buses by 2030, and new privately-owned and commercial-owned vehicles by 2035. The order also calls for all government fleets to replace their fossil fuel vehicles with 100% all-electric vehicles by 2035, for all fossil fuel buses to be replaced by 100% all-electric buses by 2040, and for all privately-owned and commercial-owned vehicles to be replaced by 100% all-electric vehicles by 2050.
See also
Big Three automobile manufacturers
1950s American automobile culture
American automobile industry in the 1950s
Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement
Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States
Good Roads Movement
History of Chrysler
History of Ford Motor Company
History of General Motors
List of automobile manufacturers of the United States
List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States
List of automobiles manufactured in the United States
Passenger vehicles in the United States
Negative effects
Effects of the car on societies
Air pollution
Automobile dependency
Automobile safety
Car costs
Car-free movement
Compact City
Congestion pricing
Environmental impact of transport
Externalities of automobiles
Freeway and expressway revolts
Green vehicle
Jaywalking
Motor vehicle fatality rate in U.S. by year
New Urbanism
Roadway noise
Traffic collision
Traffic congestion
Transit Oriented Development
Urban decay
Urban sprawl
Notes
References
Mechler, Katharine (2007) General Motors: Innovations in American Social Class Structure
Peterson, J. S. (1987). Auto Work. American automobile workers, 1900-1933 (). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Rae, John B. "Why Michigan?" Michigan History (1996) 89#2 pp 6–13. online pp 1–9
Hugill, P. J. (1982). Good Roads and the Automobile in the United States 1880–1929. Geographical Review, 72 (3), 327–349.
Brungardt, A. O. Book Review:The Automobile Industry: Its Economic and Commercial Development. Ralph C. Epstein. Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, 1, 390–392.
Heitmann, John. The Automobile and American Life. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009
Further reading
Berry, Steven, James Levinsohn, and Ariel Pakes. "Voluntary export restraints on automobiles: Evaluating a trade policy." American Economic Review 89.3 (1999): 400–430 online.
Brown, George. "The U.S. Automobile Industry: Will It Survive Increasing International Competition" (U.S. Army War College, 1991) online
Chandler, Alfred D. ed. Giant enterprise: Ford, General Motors, and the automobile industry; sources and readings (1964) online, includes primary sources.
Crandall, Robert W. "The effects of US trade protection for autos and steel." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1987 (1987): 271–288 online.
Feenstra, Robert C. "Voluntary export restraint in US autos, 1980–81: quality, employment, and welfare effects." in The structure and evolution of recent US trade policy (U of Chicago Press, 1984) pp. 35–66.
Goldberg, Penny Koujianou. "Trade policies in the US automobile industry." in Japan and the World Economy 6.2 (1994): 175–208.
Gustin, Lawrence R. "Sights and Sounds of Automotive History" Automotive History Review (2010+, Issue 52, pp 4–8. Guide to video and sound archives for clips of pioneers such as Henry Ford, Billy Durant, and Ransom Olds.
Halberstam, David. The Reckoning (1986) detailed reporting on decline of the auto industry. online; also online review
Hyde, Charles K. Arsenal of Democracy: The American Automobile Industry in World War II (2013) excerpt
Ingrassia, Paul, and Joseph B. White. Comeback: the fall and rise of the American automobile industry (1994) online
Jeal, M. "Mass confusion: The beginnings of the volume-production of motorcars." Automotive History Review 54 (2012): 34–47.
Katz, Harry C. Shifting gears : changing labor relations in the U.S. automobile industry (1985) online
Kennedy, Edward D. The automobile industry; the coming of age of capitalism's favorite child (1941) online
May, George S. ed. The Automobile industry, 1920–1980 (1989) online
Rae, John B. The American automobile industry (1984), short scholarly survey online
Rae, John B. The road and the car in American life (1971) online
Rao, Hayagreeva. "Institutional activism in the early American automobile industry." Journal of Business Venturing 19.3 (2004): 359–384.
Rubenstein, James M. The Changing U.S. Auto Industry: A Geographical Analysis (Routledge, 1992)
Seltzer, Lawrence H. A financial history of the American automobile industry; a study of the ways in which the leading American producers of automobiles have met their capital requirements (1928; reprinted 1973) online
Smitka, Michael. "Foreign policy and the US automotive industry: by virtue of necessity?." Business and Economic History 28.2 (1999): 277–285 online.
White, Lawrence. The Automobile Industry since 1945 (Harvard UP, 1971) online.
Wilkins, Mira, and Frank Ernest Hill. American business abroad: Ford on six continents (Cambridge UP, 2011).
Yates, Brock W. The decline and fall of the American automobile industry (1983) online
Companies
Cray, Ed. Chrome Colossus: General Motors and Its Time (1980) online detailed popular history.
Drucker, Peter F. Concept of the corporation (1946, reprinted in 1964) online, based on General Motors
Farber, David. Sloan Rules: Alfred P. Sloan and the Triumph of General Motors (U of CHicago Press, 2002)
Hyde, Charles K. Riding the Roller Coaster: A History of the Chrysler Corporation (Wayne State UP, 2003).
Hyde, Charles K. The Dodge Brothers: The Men, the Motor Cars, and the Legacy (Wayne State UP, 2005).
Hyde, Charles K. Storied Independent Automakers: Nash, Hudson, and American Motors (Wayne State UP, 2009).
Langworth, Richard M. The complete history of General Motors, 1908–1986 (1986) online
Nevins, Allan. Ford: the Times, the Man, the Company (vol 1 1954) online
Nevins, Allan, and Frank Hill. Ford: Expansion and Challenge 1915–1933 (vol 2, 1957) online
Nevins, Allan. Ford: Decline and rebirth, 1933–1962 (vol 3, 1963) online
Pound, Arthur. The turning wheel: The story of General Motors through twenty-five years, 1908–1933 (1934) online free
Sloan, Alfred P. My Years with General Motors (1964) online
Tedlow, Richard S. "The Struggle for Dominance in the Automobile Market: the Early Years of Ford and General Motors" Business and Economic History 1988 17: 49–62. Ford stressed low price based on efficient factories but GM did better in oligopolistic competition by including investment in manufacturing, marketing, and management
External links
The Automotive Industry in the United States from the U.S. Dept. of Commerce
Automotive SPA.gov
United Automobile Workers
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17331889
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Steinhardt
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Adam Steinhardt
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Adam Paul Steinhardt (born 5 December 1969) is a retired pole vaulter from Australia, who represented his native country in two consecutive Commonwealth Games, starting in 1990. He cleared a personal best of 5.51m on 14 February 1996 in Adelaide, South Australia.
Adam Steinhardt became the managing director of Next Byte, a retail chain selling Apple macs in 1995 and left it in 2005.
In 2012 Adam Steinhardt re-entered the Apple market, starting up an Apple reseller in Adelaide, called eRepublic
In 2009 he founded The Kingdom, an Adelaide-based Advertising Agency
In 2015 The Kingdom became a Certified HubSpot Partner and won the 2015 HubSpot International Partner of the Year Award, with Adam Steinhardt as the Managing Director.
In 2016, The Kingdom became a Platinum Certified HubSpot Partner. Adam Steinhardt is a public speaker and inbound marketing professional.
Achievements
References
External links
http://www.abc.net.au/tv/goingpublic/companies.htm
1969 births
Living people
Australian male pole vaulters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Australia
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17331890
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver%20kidney%20microsomal%20type%201%20antibody
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Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibody
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Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibody is an autoantibody associated with autoimmune hepatitis. It is one of the several subtypes of anti–liver-kidney microsome antibodies that are known. The frequent association of anti-LKM-1 antibodies and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and the probable existence of an infectious and autoimmune form of anti-LKM-1-associated hepatitis, requiring different therapeutical strategies, necessitates the exact determination of anti-LKM-1 specificities.
References
Autoantibodies
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20468787
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer%20Heath%20%28baseball%29
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Spencer Heath (baseball)
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Spencer Paul Heath (November 5, 1893 – January 25, 1930) was an American relief pitcher who played in four games for the Chicago White Sox during the 1920 season. Listed at and , Heath was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed.
Heath was born in Chicago, Illinois, where he lived much of his life. After one season of Minor League Baseball with the Winnipeg Maroons in 1919, he joined the White Sox in 1920. Though he was part of their Opening Day roster in April and stayed with the team through July, he only appeared in four games before the team released him. Afterwards, he played semipro baseball and worked for the Chicago Police Department before dying of double lobar pneumonia and influenza in 1930.
Early life
Spencer Paul Heath was born on November 5, 1893, in Chicago, Illinois. His parents were Spencer and Agatha. Well-known around Chicago for his skills in semipro baseball, Heath played for Garden City, the Gunthers, and the Ciceros of the Chicago City League.
During World War I, Heath served his country at the Great Lakes Naval Base, working as an electrician. He also played on the base's baseball team. Heath was discharged following the war.
Winnipeg Maroons (1919)
Heath played one season of Minor league baseball for the Winnipeg Maroons of the Class C Western Canada League in 1919. A pitcher, he appeared in 28 games, leading the circuit in wins as he posted an 18–8 record, good for a .692 winning percentage. That August, he was signed by the Chicago White Sox of the American League (AL), though he was not a part of their roster as they won the AL pennant and lost the World Series.
Chicago White Sox (1920)
At spring training for the first time with the White Sox in 1920, Heath pitched well enough to be named to the team's Opening Day roster. Baseball historian Frank Russo noted that this was difficult, considering that most of the pitchers on the pennant-winning team from the year before were returning. At 26, Heath was on a Major League Baseball (MLB) roster for the first time.
Heath made his major league debut on May 4, 1920, relieving Dickie Kerr with the bases loaded and Chicago trailing the St. Louis Browns 5–3 in the third inning. He induced Jimmy Austin to hit into a ground out, ending the inning. However, Heath went on to allow seven runs in three innings of work, including a home run to future Hall of Famer George Sisler. The Browns won 12–4 in a game that Russo described as a "debacle" for the White Sox.
The next two appearances for Heath came on back to back days, May 28 and 29, in a series against the Cleveland Indians. Called on to relieve Kerr again on May 28, Heath pitched the seventh and eighth innings. He was the last pitcher used by Chicago because there was no need for the Indians to bat in the ninth, as they were leading 13–6 following Chicago's final opportunity to score. Heath allowed just one run, and it was unearned, though the error was his own.
Heath's appearance on May 29 was the first game of a doubleheader. After White Sox starter Lefty Williams was pinch-hit for in the top of the fourth inning, Heath came on to pitch the bottom of it with his team down 6–1. Doubles by future Hall of Famer Tris Speaker and Larry Gardner led to a run, and another error by Heath ruined a pickoff attempt of Gardner at second base. Heath was replaced by George Payne to start the fourth. The White Sox continued to trail most of the game but scored five runs in the ninth to defeat Cleveland 8–7.
Nearly two months went by before Heath made another appearance on July 17. The White Sox were down 8–2 to the New York Yankees when Heath relieved Eddie Cicotte to start the sixth inning. He allowed three runs and had only recorded one out until Ping Bodie flew out to right field, and future Hall of Famer Babe Ruth was thrown out on his way back to first base to complete an inning-ending double play. Aaron Ward and Muddy Ruel each had hits against him to start the seventh inning, bringing up New York pitcher Carl Mays, who attempted to sacrifice bunt. Heath made another error allowing Mays to reach safely, though, and he was replaced by Payne after giving up a double to Roger Peckinpaugh. Ultimately, Heath would be charged with allowing seven runs (six earned) in one inning as the Yankees won 20–5.
The July 17 contest would be the last of Heath's MLB career, as he was released by the team shortly thereafter. In four relief appearances, Heath posted a 15.43 earned run average (ERA) in 7.0 innings of work, giving up 12 runs on 19 hits and two walks without recording a strikeout or a decision.
Later years
Heath returned to playing semipro ball after his time with the White Sox. Then, he was hired by the Chicago Police Department. In 1930, an ill Heath was admitted to Edgewater Hospital in Chicago. On January 25, he died of double lobar pneumonia and influenza, which had been made worse by a cerebral hemorrhage. Unmarried at the time of his death, he was buried adjacent to his father at Chicago's St. Boniface Cemetery on January 29.
See also
1920 Chicago White Sox season
References
External links
Retrosheet
Chicago White Sox players
Winnipeg Maroons (baseball) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
1893 births
1930 deaths
Baseball players from Chicago
Deaths from pneumonia in Illinois
Deaths from influenza
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23576525
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Policy%20on%20Education
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National Policy on Education
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The National Policy on Education (NPE) is a policy formulated by the Government of India to promote and regulate education in India. The policy covers elementary education to higher education in both rural and urban India. The first NPE was promulgated by the Government of India by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1968, the second by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1986, and the third by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2020.
History
Since the country's independence in 1947, the Indian government sponsored a variety of programmes to address the problems of illiteracy in both rural and urban India. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India's first Minister of Education, envisaged strong central government control over education throughout the country, with a uniform educational system. The Union government established the University Education Commission (1948–1949), the Secondary Education Commission (1952–1953), University Grants Commission and the Kothari Commission (1964–66) to develop proposals to modernise India's education system. The Resolution on Scientific Policy was adopted by the government of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The Nehru government sponsored the development of high-quality scientific education institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Technology. In 1961, the Union government formed the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) as an autonomous organisation that would advise both the Union and state governments on formulating and implementing education policies.
1968
Based on the report and recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–1966), the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the first National Policy on Education in 1968, which called for a "radical restructuring" and proposed equal educational opportunities in order to achieve national integration and greater cultural and economic development. The policy called for fulfilling compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, as stipulated by the Constitution of India and specialized training and qualification of teachers. The policy called for a focus on the learning of regional languages, outlining the "three language formula" to be implemented in secondary education - the instruction of the English language, the official language of the state where the school was based, and Hindi. Language education was seen as essential to reduce the gulf between the intelligentsia and the masses. Although the decision to adopt Hindi as the national language had proven controversial, the policy called for the use and learning of Hindi to be encouraged uniformly to promote a common language for all Indians. The policy also encouraged the teaching of the ancient Sanskrit language, which was considered an essential part of India's culture and heritage. The NPE of 1968 called for education spending to increase to six percent of the national income. As of 2013, the NPE 1968 has moved location on the national website.
1986
In 1986, the government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education. The new policy called for "special emphasis on the removal of disparities and to equalise educational opportunity," especially for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Scheduled Caste (SC) communities. To achieve such a social integration, the policy called for expanding scholarships, adult education, recruiting more teachers from the SCs, incentives for poor families to send their children to school regularly, development of new institutions and providing housing and services. The NPE called for a "child-centred approach" in primary education, and launched "Operation Blackboard" to improve primary schools nationwide. The policy expanded the open university system with the Indira Gandhi National Open University, which had been created in 1985. The policy also called for the creation of the "rural university" model, based on the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India. 1986 education policy expected to spent 6% of GDP on education.
1992
The 1986 National Policy on Education was modified in 1992 by the P. V. Narasimha Rao government. In 2005, Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh adopted a new policy based on the "Common Minimum Programme" of his United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government. Programme of Action (PoA) 1992, under the National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986 envisaged to conduct of a common entrance examination on all India basis for admission to professional and technical programmes in the country. For admission to Engineering and Architecture/Planning programmes, Government of India vide Resolution dated 18 October 2001 has laid down a Three – Exam Scheme (JEE and AIEEE at the National Level and the State Level Engineering Entrance Examinations (SLEEE) for State Level Institutions – with an option to join AIEEE). This takes care of varying admission standards in these programmes and helps in maintenance of professional standards. This also solves problems of overlaps and reduces physical, mental and financial burden on students and their parents due to multiplicity of entrance examinations.
2020
In 2019, the Ministry of Human Resource Development released a Draft New Education Policy 2019, which was followed by a number of public consultations. it discusses reducing curriculum content to enhance essential learning, critical thinking and more holistic experiential, discussion-based and analysis-based learning. It also talks about a revision of the curriculum and pedagogical structure from a 10+2 system to a 5+3+3+4 system design in an effort to optimise learning for students based on cognitive development of children. Research Methodology has been added in the last year of graduation course and student will have the choice to leave the course and receive the certificate/ degree according to that.
On 29 July 2020, the cabinet approved a new National Education Policy with an aim to introduce several changes to the existing Indian education system. Which will be introduced in India till 2026.
Related policies
Right to Education (RTE) - Article 21-A in the Constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right
National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL)
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) for development of secondary education, launched in 2009.
Saakshar Bharat (Saakshar Bharat/Adult Education) to create a literate society through a variety of teaching learning programmes for non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) for development of higher education, launched in 2013.
Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) - overarching programme for the school education to ensure equitable learning outcomes
Inclusive Education for the Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS)
District Primary Education Program (DPEP) - launched in 1994 as a major initiative to revitalise the primary education system and to achieve the objective of universalisation of primary education.
Draft National Policy on Education 2019
See also
Capitation fee
References
Further reading
1968 in India
1986 in India
Education policy in India
Indira Gandhi administration
Rajiv Gandhi administration
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23576526
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20Top%20200%20Index
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Russell Top 200 Index
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The Russell Top 200 Index measures the performance of the 200 largest companies (63% of total market capitalization) in the Russell 1000 Index, with a weighted average market capitalization of $186 billion. The median capighkm
talization is $48 billion; the smallest company in the index has an approximate capitalization of $14 billion.
The index, which was launched on September 1, 1992, is maintained by FTSE Russell, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group. Its ticker symbol hjj u is ^RT200.
Investing
The Russell Top 200 Index is tracked by an exchange-traded fund, iShares Russell Top 200 Index ().
Top 10 holdings
Apple Inc. ()
Microsoft Corp ()
Exxon Mobil Corp ()
Johnson & Johnson ()
JPMorgan Chase & Co ()
Berkshire Hathaway Inc ()
Amazon.com ()
General Electric ()
AT&T ()
Meta Platforms ()
(as of December 31, 2016)
Top sectors by weight
Technology
Financial Services
Health Care
Consumer Discretionary
Producer Durables
See also
Russell Investments
Russell 2000 Index
Russell 1000 Index
Russell Top 50 Index
References
External links
Russell Top 200 Index Fact Sheet
Russell Fundamental Index Series. A diversified approach to smart beta.
Russell Global Indexes Construction and Methodology October 2014
Russell Global Indexes Construction and Methodology September 2012
Russell Indexes at a glance
Russell US indexes Construction and Methodology
Russell US Indexes (official site)
Russell Indexes
FTSE Russell
Russell Investments Group, LLC
Russell RAFI Index Series Construction and methodology
Yahoo! Finance page for ^RT200
American stock market indices
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6901280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal%20McCormack
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Fergal McCormack
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Fergal McCormack (born 17 December 1974) is an Irish hurling coach and former hurler. He played for North Cork club Mallow and was a member of the Cork senior hurling team for eight seasons, during which time he usually lined out at centre-forward.
McCormack began his hurling career at club level with Mallow. He broke onto the club's top adult team as a 17-year-old in 1992 before later winning a Cork Under-21 Championship with the Mallow under-21 football team. McCormack made 57 championship appearances in three different grades of hurling for the club, while his early prowess also saw him selected for the Avondhu divisional team, with whom he won the Cork Senior Championship title in 1996.
At inter-county level, Landers enjoyed an unsuccessful tenure with the Cork minor and under-21 teams before later winning an All-Ireland Championship with the junior team in 1994. He joined the Cork senior team in 1995. From his debut, McCormack was ever-present as a midfielder or centre-forward and made a combined total of 48 National League and Championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 2002. During that time he was part of the All-Ireland Championship-winning team in 1999. McCormack also secured two Munster Championship medals and a National Hurling League medal. After leaving the Cork senior team in 2002 he returned to the inter-county scene as a member of the Kerry senior hurling team in 2008.
At inter-provincial level, McCormack was selected to play in two championship campaigns with Munster, however, his tenure with the team ended with a Railway Cup medal.
Playing career
St. Colman's College
McCormack played in all grades of hurling with St. Colman's College in Fermoy before progressing onto the college's senior team. On 15 March 1992, he lined out at centre-back when St. Colman's College defeated St. Flannan's College from Ennis by 3-14 to 3-11 to win their first Harty Cup title in fifteen year. McCormack was again at centre-back when St. Colman's College faced St. Kieran's College from Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. Flanked by Johnny Sheehan and Ian Lynch, the half-back line was described in the Cork Examiner as "very impressive", however, St. Colman's were defeated by 1-07 to 0-08.
Waterford Regional Technical College
On 13 March 1994, McCormack lined out at centre-back for Waterford Regional Technical College when they suffered a 2-12 to 1-11 defeat by the University of Limerick in the Fitzgibbon Cup final.
McCormack was selected for the Waterford RTC team again for the 1995 Fitzgibbon Cup campaign. On 5 March, he was at centre-back when the team defeated University College Dublin by 3-15 to 1-04 to claim the title for the second time in three years.
Mallow
Minor and under-21
McCormack joined the Mallow club at a young age and played both hurling and Gaelic football in all grades at juvenile and underage levels. On 18 October 1992, he scored two points from centre-back when the Mallow minor hurling team suffered a 2-13 to 0-11 defeat by St. Finbarr's in the final of the Cork Minor Championship.
McCormack subsequently progressed onto the Mallow under-21 team as a dual player. On 13 November 1994, he lined out at centre-back with the Mallow under-21 hurling team when St. Finbarr's again defeated Mallow by 4-13 to 5-03 to win the Cork Under-21 Championship.
On 22 October 1995, McCormack was at midfield when the Mallow under-21 football team faced Naomh Abán in the final of the Cork Under-21 Championship.
Intermediate
McCormack was still eligible for the minor grade when he was drafted onto the Mallow intermediate team for the 1992 Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 22 May in a 1-13 to 1-09 defeat of Ballincollig.
On 21 October 2001, McCormack lined out at centre-forward when Mallow faced Killeagh in the final of the Cork Intermediate Championship. He scored two points from play in the 2-14 apiece draw. McCormack was again at centre-back for the replay on 4 November which Killeagh won by 3-09 to 2-08.
McCormack played his last game for the Mallow intermediate team on 24 July 2010.
Junior
After stepping away from Mallow's top adult team, McCormack continued to line out with the club's junior team. On 17 November 2018, he scored six points after being introduced as a half-time substitute at full-forward when Mallow suffered a 2-16 to 3-11 defeat by Watergrasshill in the final of the Cork Inter-Divisional Junior B Championship.
Avondhu
McCormack was added to the Avondhu divisional hurling team for the 1992 Championship. He made his first appearance on 21 June in a 2-11 to 0-06 defeat by University College Cork.
On 22 September 1996, McCormack was at midfield when Avondhu drew 1-12 apiece with Imokilly in the final of the Cork Senior Championship. He lined out in the same position for the replay on 6 October and collected a winners' medal following the 0-13 to 1-08 victory.
Cork
Minor and under-21
McCormack first lined out for Cork as a member of the minor team during the 1991 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team as a 16-year-old on 16 April when he lined out at centre-back in a 6-19 to 0-15 defeat of Kerry.
McCormack was eligible for the minor grade again the following year and retained his place on the starting fifteen, however, he was switched from centre-back to centre-forward. He played his last game in the minor grade on 1 May 1992 when he scored two points in a 1-11 to 0-11 defeat by Tipperary.
In spite of being still eligible for the minor grade, McCormack was also added to the Cork under-21 team for the 1992 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 17 June and scored a point from centre-forward in a 1-10 to 0-11 defeat by Waterford.
On 23 July 1993, McCormack was selected to play in the Munster final. He lined out at centre-back and ended the game with a winners' medal following the 1-18 to 3-09 defeat of Limerick.
Junior
McCormack was called up to the Cork junior team for the 1994 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 18 May and scored 1-01 from centre-forward in a 2-17 to 3-09 defeat of Limerick. McCormack was again at centre-forward for the Munster final on 19 June and scored a point from play in the 1-10 to 1-09 defeat of Clare. He was switched to left wing-forward for the All-Ireland final against Kilkenny on 17 August. He scored a point from play and collected a winners' medal following the 2-13 to 2-11 victory.
Senior
McCormack made his first appearance for the Cork senior team on 26 February 1995. He was selected at right wing-forward in the 1-12 to 1-07 defeat of Tipperary in the National League. McCormack was later included on the Cork panel for the Munster Championship and made his debut on 20 May when he came on as a 59th-minute substitute for the injured Kevin Murray in a 1-22 to 0-12 defeat of Kerry.
On 17 May 1998, McCormack lined out at centre-forward when Cork faced Waterford in the National League final. He scored a point from play and collected his first silverware at senior level following the 2-14 to 0-13 victory.
On 4 July 1999, McCormack was at centre-forward when Cork qualified for the Munster final against reigning champions Clare. He scored a point from play and claimed a winners' medal following the 1-15 to 0-14 victory. McCormack retained his position on the starting fifteen at centre-forward when Cork faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final on 12 September. He was held scoreless over the course of the game but collected an All-Ireland medal following the 0-12 to 0-11 victory.
McCormack won a second successive Munster Championship medal on 3 July 2000 after lining out at centre-forward but being held scoreless in Cork's 0-23 to 3-12 defeat of Tipperary in the final.
McCormack's appearance for Cork were limited to just two during the 2001 National League. He was ruled out of Cork's subsequent Munster Championship campaign due to a leg injury.
Cork qualified for the 2002 National League final on 5 May, with McCormack starting on the bench as he had done for all of Cork's league games that season. In the week leading up to the game there had been speculation that Gaelic Players Association members from both teams would stage a protest during the parade before the match with their socks down and jerseys out - offences punishable by fine under the GAA's match regulations. The Cork players went ahead with their pre-match protest before losing the final by 2-15 to 2-14. McCormack played his last game for Cork on 26 May when he lined out at centre-forward in Cork's 1-16 to 1-15 defeat by Waterford in the Munster Championship. He was an unused substitute for the rest of Cork's unsuccessful championship campaign. On 21 August, McCormack gave an interview on 96FM in which he stated that the players were treated as "second-class citizens." He went on to say: "There is almost a them and us attitude between players and officials and the perception that we are only players. I have been involved in the panel since 1995 and that problem has always been there. Players of the past have, I know from talking to them, felt the same way but did not really come out and said anything about it." The dissatisfaction between the players and the Cork County Board culminated with all 30 members of the Cork panel were withdrawing their services from the county in the hope of better treatment from the county board on 29 November. McCormack played a low-key role during the negotiations over the following two weeks before a settlement was reached on 13 December. While the player's demands were met, McCormack never played for Cork again.
Kerry
On 12 April 2008, it was announced that McCormack declared for [Kerry under the rule which allows up to five "outside" players to join weaker hurling counties. He was also eligible to play for the team under the parentage rule. McCormack was an unused substitute throughout Kerry's unsuccessful Christy Ring Cup campaign and left the panel at the end of the season.
Munster
McCormack was selected for the Munster inter-provincial team for the first time during the 1998 Railway Cup. He made his first appearance on 8 November when he came on as a substitute in a 2-15 to 0-09 defeat by Leinster.
McCormack was selected for the Munster team again the following year and was included on the starting fifteen. On 25 November 1999, he lined out at centre-forward when Munster suffered a 2-23 to 1-15 defeat by Connacht in the final.
Career statistics
Club
Division
Inter-county
Honours
St. Colman's College
Dr. Harty Cup (1): 1992
Waterford Regional Technical College
Fitzgibbon Cup (1): 1995
Mallow
Cork Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1995
Avondhu
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1996
Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1999
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1999, 2000
National Hurling League (1): 1998
All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1994
Munster Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1994
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 1993
References
1974 births
Living people
Dual players
Mallow hurlers
Mallow Gaelic footballers
Avondhu hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Kerry inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Alumni of Waterford Institute of Technology
Waterford IT hurlers
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23576535
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin%20Brownlee
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Karin Brownlee
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Karin Brownlee (July 25, 1955) was the Kansas Secretary of Labor between 2011 and 2012, serving in the administration of Governor Sam Brownback. She was later, by her own report, fired by Brownback based on a disagreement about how the agency was running. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served as a member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 23rd district between 1997 and 2011.
Kansas Senate
Committee assignments
Commerce (Chair)
Financial Institutions and Insurance (Vice Chair)
Joint Committee on Administrative Rules and Regulations
Assessment and Taxation
Confirmation Oversight
Joint Committee on Corrections and Juvenile Justice Oversight
Transportation
Utilities
Kansas Department of Labor
In early January 2011 Brownlee took office as Secretary in the Kansas Department of Labor (KDOL). She claimed that the upgrading of the unemployment claims technology project commenced in 2005 was being mismanagement and brought in an outside technology company to review work to date.
In August 2011 Brownlee terminated the employment of asthma sufferer Kathleen Arbogast who filed suit against KDOL in January 2013 claiming discrimination and retaliation and seeking $100.000 in damages. Arbogast had complained about staff wearing perfume and other fragrances interfered with her ability to perform her duties. She was moved to the basement to remove her from such contact but claimed that the fragrances worn by other workers visiting her continued her asthma problems. KDOL sought to have the lawsuit dismissed but the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas denied the motion, KDOL then appealed to the 10th circuit court which affirmed the decision in the District Court. The case moved to the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas which brought down its decision 9 September 2016. In the discussion it found that, " ... Plaintiff has pointed the Court to no statutory authority indicating that KDOL has the capacity to be sued. Accordingly, the Court grants Defendant’s motion to dismiss."
In September 2012 Brownlee was removed from KDOL by Gov. Sam Brownback without explanation.
References
External links
Senator Karin Brownlee official Kansas Senate website
Karin Brownlee official campaign website
Follow the Money - Karin Brownlee
1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 campaign contributions
State cabinet secretaries of Kansas
Kansas state senators
Living people
Kansas Republicans
Women state legislators in Kansas
1955 births
Kansas State University alumni
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
21st-century American politicians
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6901281
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20Fred%20Bergsten
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C. Fred Bergsten
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C. Fred Bergsten (born April 23, 1941) is an American economist, author, and political adviser. He has previously served as assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger within the National Security Council and as assistant secretary for international affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. He was director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, formerly the Institute for International Economics, from its founding in 1981 through 2012 and is now senior fellow and director emeritus. In addition to his academic work, he makes his opinions known to the policy making community and engages with the public with television appearances, writing for influential periodicals such as Foreign Affairs magazine
and by writing numerous books.
Education and career
Bergsten received a BA from Central Methodist University, during which time he was valedictorian of his class and a championship debater, and then earned MA, MALD, and PhD degrees from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. He was a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations from 1967 to 1968. In 1969 he became assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger at the National Security Council where he coordinated US foreign economic policy until 1971. From 1972 to 1976 he was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
From 1977 to 1981 he served at the U.S. Treasury Department as Assistant Secretary for International Affairs during the Carter administration. He functioned as well as Under Secretary for Monetary Affairs, during 1980–81, representing the United States on the G-5 Finance Ministers' deputies and in preparing G-7 summits.
Bergsten was a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace during 1981. In that same year he founded a Washington-based think-tank, the Institute for International Economics. He was director of that now renamed organization through 2012 and is now its director emeritus and a senior fellow. He has authored 41 books on a wide variety of global economic topics, most recently The International Economic Position of the United States and China's Rise: Challenges And Opportunities.
In 1991, he was elected chairman of the Competitiveness Policy Council, created by the Congress, and led the council for several years with distinction. During his tenure, the council issued a series of reports on US competitiveness to the President and the Congress. From 1992 through 1995, he was also chairman of the Eminent Persons Group of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, whose recommendations for achieving "free and open trade and investment in the region" by 2020 were agreed by the leaders of the member economies and are now being implemented through the TransPacific Partnership.
In 2001, he co-founded the Center for Global Development along with Edward W. Scott, Jr. and Nancy Birdsall. He is now a member of the President's Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN), a member of the Advisory Committee to the Export-Import Bank of the United States and co-chairman of the Private Sector Advisory Group to the Trade Policy Forum composed of the trade ministers of India and the United States. His career is described and analyzed in C. Fred Bergsten and The World Economy, a book of essays on his contributions to a wide range of global economic issues published by the Peterson Institute for International Economics in 2007 and edited by former Senior Fellow Michael Mussa.
Honors
National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) World Trade Award, 2013;
Royal Order of the Polar Star from the Government of Sweden, 2013;
Distinguished Alumni Leadership Award, Fletcher School, 2010;
Global Advisor to the President of the Republic of Korea, 2009;
Distinguished Service Award for International Statesmanship, International Relations Council, Kansas City, MO, 2009;
Honorary Fellow, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 1997;
Doctor of Humane Letters, Central Methodist University, 1994;
Legion d'Honneur, Government of France, 1987;
Exceptional Service Award, Department of Treasury, 1980;
Distinguished Alumnus Award, Central Methodist University, 1975;
Meritorious Honor Award, Department of State, 1965
Personal life
Bergsten is married to Virginia Wood Bergsten. They have one son who is a doctor.
Notes and references
External links
21st-century American economists
1941 births
Living people
Central Methodist University alumni
The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
Order of the Polar Star
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Center for Global Development
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Peterson Institute for International Economics
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23576545
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenhui
|
Shenhui
|
Heze Shenhui (Chinese:菏泽神會/神会; Wade–Giles: Shen-hui; Japanese: Kataku Jinne, 684–758) was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the so-called "Southern School" of Zen, who "claimed to have studied under Huineng."
Shenhui is notable for his strident attacks on Yuquan Shenxiu and the associated "Northern School", which was the most prominent branch of Chan Buddhism in China at the time. He accused them of propagating gradual teachings, as opposed to his own sudden teachings.
Shenhui's own lineage, called the Heze lineage (菏泽宗), probably died out around the time of the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845, with Guifeng Zongmi being the only notable monk in the lineage.
Biography
Shenhui was born in Xiangyang with the surname Gao (高). He learned The Five Classics of Confucius and the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi at a young age.
At the age of 14 he became a monk under Huineng, a disciple of Hongren and the founder of the Southern School of Zen. For a time Shenhui served as his attendant.
Several extant stories relate encounters between Huineng and Shenhui. In one, Huineng said to his students,
In his writings and lectures Shenhui attacked what he called the "Northern School" of Zen. Despite his attacks on the Northern School, Shenhui traveled north to live amongst his ideological enemies in the capital city of Luoyang. While in the city he spoke publicly against the teachings of the Northern School.
Shenhui was a highly successful fundraiser for the government despite his criticism of Shenxiu for having governmental ties. During the An Lushan Rebellion, monks were asked to lecture, and sell certificates to the public in order to raise money for the counteroffensive. Shenhui was active in this endeavor in Luoyang, and reportedly very effective. Despite this, he was eventually banished from the city for stirring up trouble.
Shenhui was said to have died while meditating in 760. His burial stupa is located at Longmen Grottoes. One of his extant writings is Xianzongji (显宗记).
Attack on Shenxiu and the "Northern School"
Shenhui's attack
At the Great Dharma Assembly in Henan Province in 732 he coined this term in order to deride Shenxiu's school. Here he claimed that Shenxiu tried to usurp the title of Sixth Patriarch from Huineng. He supported his claims by stating that Huineng possessed the robe of Bodhidharma, the First Patriarch of Zen.
Another attack was staged at the Great Cloud Temple in Huatai in 734. He delivered a talk titled the Exposition on Right and Wrong in regards to Bodhidharma's Southern School. It was presented in the form of a discussion between him and a monk named Chongyuan, who took the side of Shenxiu's Northern School. Shenhui used the opportunity to question Shenxiu's legitimacy as Hongren's successor.
Most memorably, however, he accused the Northern School of advocating "gradual" and not "sudden" enlightenment.
The Record of the Zen Discourses of the Monk Shenhui quotes Shenhui:
In addition to these claims, Shenhui further alleged that Shenxiu's teachings deviated from Zen in their emphasis on ceremony and sutra study, rather than seated meditation and no-mind. He also accused "Northern School" students of trying to steal Bodhidharma's robe, to sever the head of Huineng's mummy, and to rewrite the inscription on Shenxiu's tomb with the words "Sixth Patriarch".
Historical analysis of Shenhui's attack
Several scholars consider Shenhui's arguments against the "Northern School" to be fabrications or exaggerations. Heinrich Dumoulin, commenting on Shenhui's accusations, wrote that Shenhui was "unscrupulous", while Ui Hakuju wrote that he had "“traits deserving of moral censure and criticism for intolerance”.
Scholars such as Philip Yampolsky have suggested that one of his disciples may have written the Platform Sutra, which glorifies Huineng and "sudden" enlightenment while deriding Shenxiu.
Scholars note that both the concept of a "patriarch" and the possession of the robe of Bodhidharma being the indicator of this person probably arose as a result of Shenhui's diatribes. In fact, according to the Platform Sutra, Huineng himself did not pass on the robe, nor did he name a "patriarch" to replace him. Rather, like his teacher Hongren, he had many disciples who went on to teach Zen.
Philip Yampolsky wrote that Shenhui's claim that the Diamond Sutra and not the Lankavatara Sutra was the paramount sutra of Bodhidharma and his disciples was "pure fabrication".
Influence
In the early 10th century, the founder of the Fayan School commented on Shenhui's lineage:
Shenhui's own lineage, called the Heze school, probably died out around the time of the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845. His best-known descendant in this school was Guifeng Zongmi, who was also the fifth patriarch of the Huayan school. According to Tsung-mi, Shen-hui's approach was officially sanctioned in 796, when "an imperial commission determined that the Southern line of Ch'an represented the orthodox transmission and established Shen-hui as the seventh patriarch, placing an inscription to that effect in the shen-lung temple".
Shenhui's distinction between "gradual" versus "sudden" methods of enlightenment became a hallmark of Chinese Zen. Mazu Daoyi, whose Hongzhou school became the hallmark of Zen, was an early and important adopter of the "sudden" approach.
His speeches were found again in Dunhuang.
Notes
References
External links
Vladimir K. (2005), Legends in Ch’an: the Northern/Southern Schools Split, Hui-neng and the Platform Sutra
Chan Buddhist monks
670 births
762 deaths
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6901286
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaty%20metro%20station
|
Kabaty metro station
|
Metro Kabaty is the southern terminus of Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro, located in the Kabaty neighbourhood of the Ursynów district in the south of Warsaw, at the end of Aleja Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, the main artery of Ursynów. Tracks continue beyond the station, where they rise to surface level and go into the depot. The station is close to a Tesco supermarket and several bus stops. The Kabaty Forest is nearby.
The station was opened on 7 April 1995 as the southern terminus of the inaugural stretch of the Warsaw Metro, between Kabaty and Politechnika.
References
External links
Warsaw Metro stations
Railway stations opened in 1995
1995 establishments in Poland
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6901288
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factotum%20%28novel%29
|
Factotum (novel)
|
Factotum (1975) is a picaresque novel by American author Charles Bukowski. It is Bukowski’s second novel and a prequel to Post Office (1971).
Plot
Set in the 1940s, the plot follows Henry Chinaski, Bukowski's perpetually unemployed, alcoholic alter ego, who has been rejected from the World War II draft and makes his way from one menial job to the next (hence a factotum). After getting into a fight with his father, Chinaski drifts through the seedy city streets of lower-class Los Angeles and other American cities in search of a job that will not come between him and his first love: writing. Much of the novel is dedicated to describing various menial jobs that Chinaski temporarily holds during the USA’s WWII economic boom. Even though some of Chinaski's jobs and colleagues are described with great detail, they all eventually end with him either abruptly leaving or being fired.
He is consistently rejected by the only publishing house he respects, but is driven to continue by the knowledge that he could do better than the authors they publish. Chinaski begins sleeping with fellow barfly Jan, a kindred spirit he meets while drowning his sorrows at a bar. When a brief stint as a bookie finds him abandoned by the only woman with whom he is able to relate, a fling with gold-digging floozie Laura finds him once again falling into a morose state of perpetual drunkenness and unemployment.
Film adaptation
Factotum was adapted into a film of the same name in 2005, directed by Bent Hamer and starring Matt Dillon, Lili Taylor and Marisa Tomei.
Release details
Paperback – , originally published in 1975 by Black Sparrow Books
References
External links
Factotum Quotes
1975 American novels
Novels by Charles Bukowski
American autobiographical novels
American novels adapted into films
Fiction set in 1944
Novels set in Los Angeles
Novels about alcoholism
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23576548
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed%20rail%20in%20the%20Netherlands
|
High-speed rail in the Netherlands
|
High-speed rail service in the Netherlands started at 13 December 2009 with the dedicated HSL-Zuid line that connects the Randstad via Brussels to the European high-speed rail network. In later years improved traditional rail sections were added to the high-speed network. Proposals for more dedicated high-speed lines were deemed too costly; plans for the HSL-Oost to Germany were mothballed and instead of the Zuiderzeelijn the less ambitious Hanzelijn was built to enable future high-speed service between the northern provinces and the Randstad.
As per 2020 three high-speed train services are operative in the Netherlands: Thalys, InterCityExpress (ICE), and Eurostar; the short-lived Fyra service was cancelled in 2013 after severe reliability issues.
History
As early as 1973, the Den Uyl cabinet discussed a high-speed railway line in the Netherlands. It was not until 1988 that the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) started three HSL projects, namely HSL-Zuid, HSL-Oost, and HSL-Noord (Zuiderzeelijn). The overall plan, called Rail 21, was approved in 1989, coinciding with the 150th anniversary of the first railway in the Netherlands (1839). HSL-Zuid was constructed between 2000 and 2006, and began operating in 2009. HSL-Oost was cancelled in 2001, HSL-Noord was cancelled in 2007. The Hanzelijn (constructed 2006–2012) partially took over HSL-Noord's role in connecting the west and north of the country through Lelystad and Zwolle, and has been built to be eventually upgraded to 200 km/h, but so far trains on this track are not running at high speeds yet. New plans for a HSL-Noord, now dubbed 'Lelylijn' instead of 'Zuiderzeelijn', were unveiled in 2019; a feasibility study, with the support of all national political parties, is underway and expected to be finished in late 2020.
Following numerous problems with the V250 multiple units the Fyra service on HSL-Zuid was cancelled in January 2013 after less than two months in full service. A week later Thalys and Eurostar trains replaced the Fyra to a less frequent and slower timetable. The Intercity Nieuwe Generatie (ICNG) is scheduled to be introduced on Dutch high-speed rails (HSL-Zuid and the Hanzelijn) in 2023.
Lines
HSL-Zuid
HSL-Zuid (, ) is a high-speed railway line in the Netherlands. Using existing tracks from Amsterdam Centraal to Schiphol Airport, the dedicated high-speed line begins here and continues to Rotterdam Centraal and to the Belgian border. Here, it connects to the HSL 4, terminating at Antwerpen-Centraal. Den Haag Centraal (The Hague) and Breda are connected to the high-speed line by conventional railway lines. Services running at on the HSL-Zuid began on 7 September 2009 between Amsterdam and Rotterdam. From December 2009, Thalys trains from Amsterdam to Brussels and Paris have run on HSL-Zuid. From December 2012 to January 2013 (40 days in total) the Fyra V250 trains ran on HSL-Zuid between Amsterdam and Brussels, only to have service suspended because of the poor quality (and safety risks) of the Italian-made trains.
Stations
The HSL-Zuid serves the following stations:
Amsterdam Centraal
Schiphol
Rotterdam Centraal
Between Rotterdam and the Belgian border there is a branch to Breda (from 04-04-2011).
Hanzelijn
Hanzelijn (English: Hanseatic line) is a high-speed railway line in the Netherlands. It connects Lelystad, capital of the province of Flevoland, with Zwolle, capital of the neighbouring province of Overijssel, and provides a direct rail link between Flevoland and the north-east of the Netherlands. The maximum speed on the line is , though no Dutch domestic rolling stock can achieve speeds greater than . Only by clearing the line for International trains is the line speed of reached.
The completion of the Hanzelijn in 2012 turned Zwolle into the Netherlands' second-most important railway junction. A new type of train, the Intercity Nieuwe Generatie (ICNG), will be introduced in 2023 on the HSL-Zuid track from Breda via Rotterdam, Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam Zuid, Lelystad, Zwolle, Groningen and Leeuwarden. On the Breda–Schiphol HSL-Zuid stretch and the Lelystad–Zwolle Hanzelijn stretch, this new train will be able to achieve 200 km/h instead of the regular 160 km/h. The current direct trains from Breda to Zwolle run via 's-Hertogenbosch and will take 2h 21m. The current fastest route is up to 8 minutes faster if you transfer at Rotterdam Centraal. The new direct route from Breda to Zwolle that will be using the HSL-Zuid removes the need for a transfer the total trip time is expected to be shortened by roughly 30 minutes.
Proposed and cancelled lines
HSL-Oost
HSL-Oost (Dutch: Hogesnelheidslijn-Oost, English: High-Speed Line East) is the name of a proposed high-speed line from Amsterdam into Germany via the Dutch cities of Utrecht and Arnhem. The scope of the project has now been reduced, but it is expected that German ICE trains will be able to travel at from Amsterdam to Utrecht in the near future. Currently, ERTMS has been installed on the line, but the soil is soft and needs time to stabilize after the recent expansion works. Transport Minister Tineke Netelenbos turned against the HSL-Oost, deeming it unfeasible and arguing that public funds were better spelt on improving existing infrastructure; the NS eventually agreed. In December 2001, the parliamentary coalition parties Labour, VVD and D66 finally voted in favour of Netelenbos' plan to not double the railway tracks until 2020, and instead only optimise the current two rails with sidetracks so that faster trains can overtake slower ones, and more efficient techniques to let trains drive more closely after one another beginning in 2007.
In 2009, a new feasibility study for the HSL-Oost after the year 2020 was promised by Transport Minister Camiel Eurlings. On 22 September 2010, the study named Synergie in railcorridors: Een onderzoek naar het integraal ontwerpen van railnetwerken was published, which stated that a new design method could make the HSL-Oost economical after all.
Other lines
According to the ProRail 2030 plan, several mainlines will be upgraded. To decrease journey time, some sections are likely to become operated at 160 km/h or 200 km/h. Still it's uncertain, if the whole line between Amsterdam and Groningen will be upgraded or few stretches of it. By the end of 2021 the decision of selecting routes to be upgraded is to be made. Some of mainlines, capable for 140 km/h can be upgraded to 160 km/h after re-signalling and even for 200 km/h after four-tracking and changing electrification from DC to AC.
References
|
23576549
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Brungardt
|
Pete Brungardt
|
Peter F. Brungardt (born January 30, 1947) is a former Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 24th district from 2001 to 2013. His previous political experiences include the Salina City Planning Commission (1986–1991), Salina City Commission (1991–1999), and Mayor of Salina (1993–1994, 1998–1999).
An optometrist, he is married to Rosie Brungardt.
Committee assignments
Brungardt served on these legislative committees:
Federal and State Affairs (chair)
Joint Committee on State-Tribal Relations (chair)
Joint Committee on Corrections and Juvenile Justice Oversight (vice-chair)
Ethics and Elections
Calendar and Rules
Public Health and Welfare
Major donors
Some of the top contributors to Brungardt's 2008 campaign, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics:
Kansas Republican Senatorial Committee, Kansas Bankers Association, Senate Republican Leadership Committee of Kansas, Kansas National Education Association, Kansas Contractors Association, Kansas Association of Realtors
Financial, insurance and real estate companies were his largest donor group.
Elections
2012
Brungardt was defeated by Tom Arpke in the August 7, 2012 Republican primary, by a margin of 5,413 to 4,354. Arpke went on to defeat Democratic nominee Janice Norlin in the general election on November 6, 2012.
References
External links
Kansas Senate
Project Vote Smart profile
Follow the Money campaign contributions
2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008
Pete Brungardt on State Surge
Pete Brungardt on Vote-KS.org
Living people
1947 births
Salus University alumni
American optometrists
Kansas Republicans
Kansas state senators
21st-century American politicians
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6901294
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get%20Evens
|
Get Evens
|
Get Evens is the second album by indie/punk duo The Evens. It was released on November 6, 2006.
Track listing
"Cut from the Cloth"
"Everybody Knows"
"Cache Is Empty"
"You Fell Down"
"Pushed Against the Wall"
"No Money"
"All You Find You Keep"
"Eventually"
"Get Even"
"Dinner with the President"
Personnel
Ian MacKaye – guitar, vocals
Amy Farina – drums, vocals
References
2006 albums
The Evens albums
Dischord Records albums
|
6901296
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Price%20%28actress%29
|
Kate Price (actress)
|
Katherine Duffy (13 February 1872 – 4 January 1943), known professionally as Kate Price, was an Irish-American actress. She is known for playing the role of Mrs. Kelly in the comedy series The Cohens and Kellys, made by Universal Pictures between 1926 and 1932. Price appeared in 296 movies from 1910 to 1937.
Career
Price was born in Cork, Ireland and immigrated to the United States with her family in 1881. Her brother was actor Jack Duffy. She began her stage and vaudeville career with her German-American husband, actor Joseph Price Ludwig, in 1890. Price's motion picture career began with the old Vitagraph Studios in New York City in 1902. She acted with movie stars such as Flora Finch, Douglas Fairbanks, John Bunny, Buster Keaton, and Mary Pickford. She was paired with Oliver Hardy for 14 films produced at the Vim Comedy Company in Jacksonville, Florida.
In 1917, Price went to Hollywood. She had parts in The Sea Tiger (1927), The Godless Girl (1929), and Reaching for the Moon (1930). Her final MGM feature was Have a Heart (1934). After making Easy Living and Live, Love and Learn (both released in 1937), she retired.
Death
Price died at age 70 at the Motion Picture Country Home, Woodland Hills. Funeral services were held at St. Theresa's Church with interment in Calvary Cemetery.
Partial filmography
Her Crowning Glory (1911)
Lady Godiva (1911)
All for a Girl (1912)
One Can't Always Tell (1913)
Jerry's Mother-In-Law (1913)
A Million Bid (1914)
Bringing Up Father (1915)
The Waiters' Ball (1916)
A Maid to Order (1916)
Twin Flats (1916)
A Warm Reception (1916)
Pipe Dreams (1916)
Mother's Child (1916)
Prize Winners (1916)
The Guilty Ones (1916)
He Winked and Won (1916)
Fat and Fickle (1916)
The Boycotted Baby (1917)
Humdrum Brown (1918)
Good Night, Nurse! (1918)
The Ghost of Rosy Taylor (1918)
Arizona (1918)
Love (1919)
Dinty (1920)
The Figurehead (1920)
That Girl Montana (1921)
The Other Woman (1921)
The New Teacher (1922)
My Wife's Relations (1922)
A Dangerous Game (1922)
Flesh and Blood (1922)
Paid Back (1922)
Come on Over (1922) as Delia Morahan
Broken Hearts of Broadway (1923)
The Dangerous Maid (1923)
Enemies of Children (1923)
The Near Lady (1923)
Good-By Girls! (1923)
Wolf Tracks (1923)
Fools Highway (1924)
Another Man's Wife (1924)
Riders Up (1924)
The Sea Hawk (1924)
The Wife of the Centaur (1924)
Passion's Pathway (1924)
The Tornado (1924)
Seven Chances (1925)
The Sporting Venus (1925)
The Man Without a Conscience (1925)
The Desert Flower (1925)
His People (1925)
The Goose Woman (1925)
The Unchastened Woman (1925)
Sally, Irene and Mary (1925)
The Perfect Clown (1925)
The Arizona Sweepstakes (1926)
Memory Lane (1926)
The Beautiful Cheat (1926)
Paradise (1926)
The Third Degree (1926)
Frisco Sally Levy (1927)
Mountains of Manhattan (1927)
Mad Hour (1928)
Show Girl (1928)
Thanks for the Buggy Ride (1928)
The Cohens and the Kellys in Paris (1928)
The Cohens and the Kellys in Atlantic City (1929)
Two Weeks Off (1929)
Linda (1929)
The Cohens and the Kellys in Scotland (1930)
Shadow Ranch (1932)
Ladies of the Jury (1932)
Have a Heart (1934)
References
External links
Kate Price in a 1927 film (University of Washington, Sayre collection) (new url)
1872 births
1943 deaths
Irish film actresses
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
19th-century American actresses
American stage actresses
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Cork (city)
19th-century Irish people
Vaudeville performers
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles)
20th-century Irish actresses
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6901297
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roan%20Creek
|
Roan Creek
|
Roan Creek is a tributary of the Watauga River that rises near the border between the U.S. states of Tennessee and North Carolina. Its source is located along the slopes of Snake Mountain near Trade in Johnson County, Tennessee. From its source, Roan Creek flows north, then turns west around the northern end of Stone Mountain. Then it flows south and west through Cherokee National Forest in the valley between Stone Mountain and Doe Mountain, until entering the Watauga River and Watauga Lake, the reservoir behind Watauga Dam. Its waters eventually flow through the Watauga River, the Holston River, the Tennessee River, the Ohio River, and the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico.
In 2005 Roan Creek was cited as one of the top ten most endangered rivers by American Rivers, a national non-profit conservation organization focused on rivers.
See also
List of rivers of Tennessee
External links
http://www.americanrivers.org/ American Rivers
Tributaries of the Watauga River
Rivers of Tennessee
Rivers of Johnson County, Tennessee
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