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4036334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie%20Jansen | Robbie Jansen | Robert Edward Jansen (5 August 1949 – 7 July 2010) was a South African musician. He was born in Cape Town, South Africa.
Biography
Jansen began his career in the pop band The Rockets. The first instruments he played were concertina and mouth organ. The repertoire of the first bands he played with consisted of British pop of the hippie era. But after a trip to London, which was part of a prize in a band competition, he discovered black music from the U.S. and in particular groups with brass sections and he decided he wanted to be a brass instrument player. Brass instrument bands were not new to him as his father was associated with Salvation Army bands, but Jansen chose rock and jazz. He played in the brass section of Cape Town's jazz-rock group The Pacific Express. From there he began a solo career as a singer and saxophonist.
His first nationwide recognition in South Africa was as a member of the Dollar Brand group. He and saxophonist Basil Coetzee toured and recorded with Brand on Mannenberg sessions. He later recorded with Brand, also known as Abdullah Ibrahim, on other projects. His work with Brand and Coetzee in the 1970s introduced him to jazz audiences, and he became a leading figure in Cape Jazz. He signed with Mountain Records and was instrumental in encouraging the record label to collect works from their archive to issue the first definitive Cape Jazz collection album.
South African duo Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu hired Jansen to play flute and saxophone on Juluka's debut album, Universal Men. Jansen joined the band for their next two albums, but he departed between African Litany and Ubuhle Bemvelo to resume his solo career.
In 2006 his album Nomad Jez was a finalist for a South African Music Award as best jazz album of the year. He recorded two other solo albums: Vastrap Island and The Cape Doctor (with his group, The Sons of Table Mountain). The albums were produced by Patrick Lee-Thorp.
The label management of his record label, credit Jansen with the origination of the description of the style of Jazz played in the Cape Town region as Cape Jazz. He and fellow saxophone player, Basil Coetzee used this description of the music in their earliest recordings.
Jansen was in the hospital after becoming ill in July 2005. The provincial government of the Western Cape met his medical bills as he had no medical insurance. He was immensely popular with Capetonians and when he returned to performing, usually with his band Sons of the Table Mountain, he was always met with affection, love, and respect.
A blow to his career came in March 2007 when his doctors said that he could no longer travel long distances by air due to his respiratory condition. This forced the cancellation of his 2007 European tour and put an end to his international performances. He collapsed while on tour in Grahamstown in 2010 when his respirator malfunctioned. He died in hospital in Cape Town in July 2010 at the age of 61.
Controversy
In 2006, a Media24 community newspaper, the People's Post, refused to publish an interview conducted with Jansen, citing his criticism of that year's SAMA. The interview was, according to papers filed at the Labour Court of South Africa, unfit to publish in a family newspaper. "Mr Jansen's views are too controversial to publish in a community newspaper targeted at a family audience." The editor of the People's Post at the time also cited Jansen's reputation as a drinker and frequenter of nightclubs. The journalist who conducted the interview brought a civil case against the corporation.
Discography
Vastrap Island (Mountain, 1996)
The Cape Doctor (Mountain, 2000)
Nomad Jez (Mountain, 2005)
References
External links
Robbie Jansen
"Robbie Jansen and the Sons of Table Mountain"
Review at All About Jazz
"The Guardian"
"SA Hiustory.org"
1949 births
2010 deaths
Afrikaner people
Musicians from Cape Town
Juluka members
South African musicians
South African people of Dutch descent
Sons of Table Mountain members |
4036338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refused%20Are%20Fucking%20Dead | Refused Are Fucking Dead | Refused Are Fucking Dead is a 2006 documentary about the Swedish hardcore punk band Refused and the then-last year of their career. The film was directed by the band's guitarist, Kristofer Steen. It includes live performances of "Spectre", "Life Support Addiction", "Circlepit", "New Noise", and "Rather Be Dead."
The DVD includes two of Refused's music videos ("Rather Be Dead" and "New Noise") as well as live performances of all the songs on The Shape of Punk to Come (save for "The Apollo Programme Was a Hoax" and "Protest Song '68") as bonus features.
The film shares its name with one of the band's songs on The Shape of Punk to Come and is a reference to a song titled "Born Against Are Fucking Dead" by the New York hardcore band Born Against.
Reception
The film received mostly positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 82% of 265 user ratings have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 3.8 out of 5.
References
External links
Burning Heart Records page on the film
2006 documentary films
2006 films
Documentary films about punk music and musicians
Refused
Swedish documentary films
2000s Swedish-language films |
4036343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Koubek | Stefan Koubek | Stefan Koubek (born 2 January 1977) is a retired tennis player from Austria. Koubek played left-handed with a double-handed backhand. His idol when growing up was Thomas Muster. Koubek won three titles, two of which came on hardcourts; despite this, he said his favorite surface was clay.
Koubek reached the quarterfinals of the 2002 Australian Open and the 2002 Hamburg Masters, attaining a career-high singles ranking of World No. 20 in March 2000. Koubek tested positive for glucocorticosteroids at the 2004 French Open after receiving an injection for an injured wrist; he was subsequently suspended for three months.
His nickname is Cooley or Stef.
Tennis career
Koubek turned professional in 1994, losing his first match in St Pölten. Between 1994 and 1998, Koubek mostly played in ATP Futures and ATP Challenger Series events.
In 1997 he jumped up 184 positions in the rankings, thanks to good results in Challenger tournaments, reaching finals in Ulm and Alpirsbach. 1998 saw Koubek win his first Challenger event in Alpirsbach; later that same year he lost to Younes El Aynaoui in the final of Maia. Koubek compiled a 33-20 record for the year.
Koubek won his first ATP title in 1999 at Atlanta as a qualifier. He achieved this losing only one set in the whole tournament, overcoming Sébastien Grosjean in the final in straight sets. Koubek reached the fourth round in his French Open debut, losing to Àlex Corretja; to date this is his best performance at this event. Koubek made the final of Bournemouth, losing to Adrian Voinea, and helped his country Austria back into the World Group of Davis Cup by defeating Sweden 3–2 in a promotion tie. Koubek was second only to Albert Costa in wins on clay during the 1999 season, with 28 match victories.
In 2000 Koubek won his second title on the hardcourts at Delray Beach, defeating Álex Calatrava. He reached the semi finals at Mexico City, losing to Juan Ignacio Chela. He reached his highest singles rank to date on March 13, 2000, when he became World No. 20. At the 2000 French Open, in his match against Attila Sávolt (the score being 2-1 sets and 5-2 games in favour of his opponent), after having already received three warnings for various transgressions, Koubek was disqualified due to throwing his racket and accidentally hitting a ball boy.
Koubek started off 2002 with his best ever performance at a Grand Slam tournament by making the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. In the first round, Koubek came back from a 0–6 1–6 1–4 15-40 deficit to eventually defeat Cyril Saulnier, 0–6 1–6 7–6 6–4 8–6. In the next round he again came back from two sets to love down against James Blake, winning in five sets. Koubek then defeated Kristian Pless and Fernando González in the third and fourth round, before losing to Jiří Novák in the quarterfinals.
In the remainder of 2002, Koubek's best result was a quarterfinal appearance at the Hamburg Masters, losing to Tommy Robredo. Koubek then finished the year with seven consecutive first round losses.
Koubek rebounded in 2003 by winning his third career title in Doha. Koubek won the tournament without dropping a set, defeating Jan-Michael Gambill in the final, and briefly holding the top spot in the ATP Champions Race. Koubek's form remained inconsistent, again losing seven consecutive first-round matches after his victory in Doha, before making the semi-finals in Munich, where he lost to Roger Federer. In Davis Cup, Koubek defeated the Belgian brothers Christophe and Olivier Rochus to help return Austria to the World Group.
Koubek made the third round at the 2004 French Open before losing to David Nalbandian. In Thomas Muster's debut as Davis Cup captain, Koubek was instrumental in preserving Austria's status in the World Group, winning both singles matches over Tim Henman and Greg Rusedski.
Koubek tested positive for glucocorticosteroids at the 2004 French Open after receiving an injection for an injured wrist; he was subsequently suspended for three months. The ITF rejected Koubek's appeal of the suspension, though acknowledging that Koubek had not used the drugs to enhance performance.
Koubek forfeited his points and prize money from Roland Garros, though his results subsequent to Roland Garros were not disqualified.
As a result of injuries and his suspension, Koubek struggled in 2005, and his ranking fell outside the top 100. Koubek spent most of the year playing events on the Challenger circuit. His best results on the tour were a third round in Kitzbühel, losing to Nicolás Massú, and a semifinal in the Helsinki Challenger, where he lost to Björn Rehnquist.
At the start of 2006, Koubek was ranked 182nd in the world. Koubek played a mixture of Challengers and ATP events during the year; as a qualifier, Koubek made the final of the ATP event in Zagreb, losing in straight sets to local favourite Ivan Ljubičić. Koubek reached the third round in Stuttgart and the Generali Open, and the semifinals in Mumbai. He finished the year ranked number 80. In doubles Koubek won his first title at the Generali Open with Philipp Kohlschreiber.
Koubek finished the 2007 season ranked in the top 50. The year began 2007 by making the final in Chennai, losing to Xavier Malisse. At the Australian Open, he was knocked out in the first round by Wayne Arthurs, in Arthurs' final Australian Open appearance; Koubek lost the match despite leading two sets to love. He played in Austria's first-round defeat in Davis Cup, losing 4–1 to Argentina in Linz. In Sopot Koubek came back from a 6–0 4–0 deficit to defeat Agustín Calleri in three sets, where Calleri served for the match three times and saved five match points in the process, which broke a streak 21 consecutive games lost after losing 6–4 6–0 to Daniel Köllerer in Kitzbühel. Koubek was disqualified in Metz against Sébastien Grosjean while leading 4–2 in the final set after using abusive language to the tournament supervisor Thomas Karlberg while disputing a call. Koubek said he directed the "Fuck you" at the situation and not at Karlberg personally.
Koubek started 2008 by making the third round at the Australian Open before falling to Paul-Henri Mathieu in five sets, a match in which he led a break of serve in each set, but was not able to close the match out. In March Koubek suffered back problems and will have surgery to alleviate bulging discs, which is a potentially career threatening injury.
Koubek announced his retirement from tennis in May 2011.
ATP career finals
Singles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)
Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 7 (2–5)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Performance timeline
Singles
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Austrian male tennis players
Doping cases in tennis
Hopman Cup competitors
Sportspeople from Klagenfurt
Austrian sportspeople in doping cases |
4036350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never-Ending | Never-Ending | Never-Ending is the third studio album by German power metal group Mystic Prophecy, released in October 2004. This is the last album of a trilogy and also the last to feature Gus G and Dennis Ekdahl.
Track listing
"Burning Bridges" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 4:13
"Time Will Tell" (Liapakis / Gus G.) - 3:54
"Under A Darkened Sun" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 4:08
"Dust Of Evil" (Liapakis / Gus G. / Albrecht) - 4:29
"In Hell" (Liapakis / Gus G.) - 3:33
"Never Surrender" (Liapakis / Gus G.) - 4:31
"Wings Of Eternity" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 4:34
"When I'm Falling" (Liapakis / Gus G.) - 3:46
"Warriors Of Lies" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 6:12
"Dead Moon Rising" (Liapakis / Gus G.) - 5:15
"Never Ending" (Liapakis / Gus G. / Albrecht) - 2:41
Credits
Roberto Dimitri Liapakis - vocals
Gus G - Guitars
Martin Albrecht - Bass
Dennis Ekdahl - drums
2004 albums
Mystic Prophecy albums
Nuclear Blast albums |
4036353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso | Museu Picasso | The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an art museum in Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the La Ribera neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the Government of Catalonia.
Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, The First Communion (1896), and Science and Charity (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.
History
The original idea for the museum came from Picasso's lifelong friend and secretary, Jaume Sabartés, whom Picasso had given many paintings, drawings, and prints since meeting in 1899. Originally, Sabartés intended to found the museum in Málaga, Picasso's birthplace. It was Picasso himself who suggested that Barcelona would be more appropriate, given his long-standing connections with the city.
On 27 July 1960, Sabartés signed an agreement with the city of Barcelona to found the museum. The museum opened in 1963, with the collection established through Sabartés' donation of 574 works from his personal collection. Other items included works that Picasso had given to the city of Barcelona, such as Harlequin, works previously in the possession of the city's museum of modern art, and other gifts from Picasso's friends and collectors.
The museum opened under the name of the Sabartés Collection, because of Picasso's strong opposition to Franco's regime. In the end, Barcelona mayor Josep Porcioles went against the wishes of the central government in order to open the museum. When it opened, the museum was located in Palau Aguilar on Montcada Street. In this era, the collection consisted mainly of the personal collection Sabartés, some lithographs, and posters. Other donations during the museum's first year included a book of engravings made by Picasso of Ovid's Metamorphoses, donated by Salvador Dalí, as well as a collage given by Gala Dalí, titled No, 1913. In subsequent years, the collection was expanded with donations, including 7-drawings dated between 1899 and 1904 given by Junyer Sebastian Vidal.
Expansion
After Sabartés death in 1968, in 1970 Picasso made his last personal donation to the museum. The donation was made up of 920 varied works, including items from his early work that his family had been keeping for him ever since the time he first settled in France. These included school books, academic pieces and paintings from Picasso's Blue Period. Sabartés himself bequested a number of works upon his death, including a series of 58 paintings on Las Meninas. In December 1970, the museum underwent its first expansion, adding the Palau del Baró de Castellet, which is attached to the original museum building, Palau Aguilar.
As years passed, the museum grew in importance as more substantial donations were made. During the early 1980s the collection was expanded with several donations from individuals and various art galleries, as well as through acquisitions. In 1982, Picasso's widow Jacqueline Roque gave 41 pieces to the museum. (In 1983), the Louise Leiris Gallery made a donation of 117 engravings. Some notable donations include those from Carles Domingo and the Editorial Gustavo Gili, among others. In 1985, the museum's physical space expanded again with the addition of Palau Meca.
During the 1990s donations included (women bust or Man sitting). The museum also acquired works such as Portrait of Jacqueline with tape, among others. In the late 1990s the museum expanded yet again with the acquisition of Casa Mauri and Palau Windows, both on the same street and adjacent to the museum. Opened in 1999, this new extension added 3,400 square meters to the museum, serving as a space for temporary exhibitions, an auditorium, and additional services. The extension was opened with the temporary exhibition Picasso: Interior and Exterior Landscape, with more than 200 works by the artist created between 1917 and 1970.
21st century
In 2003, the museum's interior was remodeled and the artworks rearranged. Two years later, The Government of Catalonia declared the institution a museum of national interest.
In 2006, Maite Ocaña, the museum's director since 1983, resigned in order to direct the National Art Museum of Catalonia. Pepe Serra was appointed director of the Picasso in the same year. In 2008, the Museu Picasso rearranged the permanent collection and opened new rooms dedicated to engraving, including one dedicated to Sabartés. Serra has since established a network of organizations associated with Picasso, including the City of Gósol, the Centre Picasso of Horta de Sant Joan and Palau Foundation in Caldes d'Estrac, with the central aim of promoting the position of the artist by the Catalan territory. In 2009, the museum was listed as one of the 40 most visited art museums in the world by The Art Newspaper.
In 2010 the museum began a project to improve its active presence in social networks such as Twitter, Flickr, and Facebook. The museum's efforts resulted in the Museums & the Web 2010 Best of the Web award for social media. The museum's social media projects promote participatory discussion around the institution's research and knowledge.
More recently, the museum has built a new building in Sabartés square, behind Montcada Street. This expansion helped alleviate the overcrowding at the entry of the museum. The building was designed by the architect Jordi Garcés, who had completed the previous expansion of the museum.
Architecture
The Museu Picasso occupies five large houses or palaces of the Carrer de Montcada Barcelona, dating from the 13th century and 14th century, occupying a total area of 10,628 sqm. The buildings follow the style of Gothic civil Catalan. Each of the 5 buildings are built following a similar pattern, around a courtyard equipped with an exterior staircase that allows access to the main floors. The buildings that house the collection of Picasso's works also have their own history.
Palau Aguilar
The Palau Aguilar (Montcada, 15) was the first building occupied by the museum. The building was probably built on the residence of James Ses sources, an important character in the life of Barcelona. The building dates from the 13th century but underwent significant alterations between the 15th and 18th centuries. Between the 13th and 14th centuries the building belonged to various nobles of the Court of Aragon. It was purchased in 1386 by the bourgeois family Corominas-Desplà, who then sold it fourteen years later to Berenguer Aguilar, from which the palace is named. Later owners included several members of the Catalan bourgeoisie prior to the building's purchase by the City Council on 3 November 1953.
During a restoration made in 1960, the remains of a 13th-century painting were discovered while removing plaster from one of the rooms. Today this work is exhibited in the National Art Museum of Catalonia. A large fresco representing the conquest of Majorca in 1229, the work is made up of cauldrons and roses, which suggest that the palace belonged to the lineage Caldes and Desvalls. It depicts the central courtyard of the building during the 15th century, with an open staircase and a pointed Gotchic arch.
Palau Baró de Castellet
The Palau Baró de Castellet (Montcada, 17) is a palace from the medieval period. Built during the 13th century, it was owned by the Gerona family during the 15th century. Since then it has changed hands between the bourgeois and aristocratic families of Barcelona, having been remodeled during the 18th century. In 1797, the then owner (Mariano Alegre Aparici Amat) received the noble title of Baron Castle at the hands of King Charles IV, prompting the palace to receive its name. Upon the death of the Baron, the building was bequeathed to the Hospital of the Holy Cross, who rented it to different tenants until they sold it to the Rivers family. The City Council then purchased the building in the 1950s. The palace was built around a central courtyard and includes on its facade a relief from the 16th century that depicts religious themes. The interior's main floor is in the neo-classical style of the mid-18th century, including elements of marble and polychrome reliefs.
Palau Meca
The Palau Meca (Montcada, 19) was built between the 13th and 14th centuries and also underwent restoration during the 18th century. Similar to the other palaces, it contains a central courtyard. Highlights include the medieval polychrome coffered ceilings of the main floor as well as unique ceilings from the 19th century. In 1349, the property was owned by James Knight, then Minister of the City Council. Under the ownership of his grandson, Ramon Desplà Knight, it became the largest palace on the block. The building later became the property of the family of Cassador (or Hunter), Marquis of Ciutadilla. The first owner, Joseph Mecca Hunter gave the palace its current name. The next family to own it, the Milans, restored the building after it was badly damaged during the War of Spanish Succession. In 1901, the building was given to the Brothers of Christian Doctrine and (was installed Montepío of Santa Madrona.) Over time the Montepío integrated with a bank, who gave the building to the City Council on 5 December 1977. The Palace was reopened as part of the museum on 11 January 1982.
Casa Mauri
Casa Mauri (Montcada, 21) includes some structures that date from Roman times, when the space was occupied by the suburbs of Barcino. Of note is the unique wood facade, one of the few examples in Barcelona of the locking system typical of the 18th century. Between 1378 and 1516 the building was owned by the Rocha family and in 1716 it was owned by F. Casamada. During the 19th century several renovations were made. Under the owner Josep Vidal Torrents, the building was made to have industrial uses until it was bought by Mauri bakeries in 1943, the company that gave the building its name. In 1999 the building was acquired by Museu Picasso.
Palau Finestres
The Palau Finestres (Montcada, 23) was built on the foundations of a building dating to the 13th century and occupies a former Roman necropolis. Between 1363 and 1516 the area belonged to the Marimon family. In 1872, the owner of Casa Mauri, Jose Vidal Torres, bought the building in order to annex it to his home. The City acquired the building in 1970. There are arcades on the ground floor, added during the reforms of the fifteenth and 17th centuries. On the main floor, a coffered ceiling from the end of the 13th century have been restored. The building is currently used as exhibition space.
Knowledge and Research Center
The Knowledge and Research Center was opened on 17 February, a new building located in Plaza Sabartés that was designed by architect Jordi Garcés. The site aims to become an international landmark in the study of Picasso and his artistic and social context. Director Pepe Sierra explained that the space would be used for discussion, dialogue, and debate, rather than as a place of consumption. (The organization responsible for this is Silvia Domenech, commissioned between 1997 and 2007 of the Photographic Archive of Barcelona.)
Jordi Garcés, who already performed the previous expansion of the museum, designed the 1500 square meter building with a transparent glass facade protected by a cantilever. The building houses an educational center on the ground floor, with 4 multi-purpose spaces aimed at providing educational service for the museum. The first floor is devoted to the library, documentation center, and archives of the museum. The basement is devoted to visitor services. The construction began on 10 July 2009 and ended on 16 February 2011, costing 6.7 million.
The permanent collection
The permanent collection is organized into three sections: painting and drawing, engraving, and ceramics. These cover principally the early years of Picasso's artistic life, such as his Blue Period from 1901 to 1904, but Picasso, his family, and his friends would bequest or loan other later pieces as well. There are now more than 3,500 works making up the permanent collection of the museum.
The collection is organized into areas that include the early years (Málaga, Corunna and Barcelona, 1890–97), the training period (Barcelona, Horta de San Juan and Madrid, 1897–1901), the Blue Period (1901–04), works in Barcelona from 1917, and the entire Las Meninas (1957) series. Most of the paintings on display at the museum are from the period between 1890 and 1917, an important collection in regard to that portion of Picasso's life. The museum has very few paintings after 1917, with the exception of the Las Meninas, painted in 1957. The collection of lithographs comprises the years 1962 and 1982. Picasso himself gave the museum a copy of each of his works produced after the death of Sabartés in 1968. The collection also includes illustrations made by the artist for various books, as well as ceramics gifted to the museum by Picasso's widow, Jacqueline.
Between 2009 and 2010 the museum began making information on the permanent collection public on their website. As of October 2010, over 65% of the museum's collection was available to view online.
Exhibitions
The Picasso Museum has carried out dozens of exhibitions since it opened. Often, these exposures are related to the figure of the painter or topics related to their environment, trying to research and review the work and studies of the painter from Málaga. We have also held exhibitions on the relationship between Picasso and other artists as Picasso vs. Rusiñol held in 2010. Sometimes also organized a traveling exhibition, and Bullfighting. Paintings, drawings and prints in the collection of the Museu Picasso which could be seen at the Casa Lis in Salamanca in 2010. Also made small exhibition focused on one topic, called displays, such as analyzing the painting Science and Charity, the results of studies showing radiographic and reflectologia or another that analyzes a statement that was made about Picasso in Barcelona 1936, Room Esteva. Picasso Exhibition, 1936.
The Museu Picasso frequently hosts special exhibitions presenting artworks by Picasso and other artists. From time to time, the museum also organizes seminars and lectures on subjects related to Picasso or on museological issues of interest given by specialists from throughout the world.
Directors
Joan Ainaud Lasarte (1963–1966)
Rosa Maria Subirana (1966–1983)
Maria Teresa Ocaña (1983–2007)
Pepe Serra (2007–2011)
Bernardo Laniano Romero (2012-2016)
Emmanuel Guigon
See also
Musée Picasso (Paris)
Museo Picasso Málaga
List of single-artist museums
References
Museu Picasso
Art museums and galleries in Barcelona
Art museums established in 1963
Museu Picasso
Biographical museums in Spain
Museums devoted to one artist
Museu Picasso
Modern art museums in Spain |
4036354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know%20Your%20Sport | Know Your Sport | Know Your Sport is an Irish sports quiz show produced by RTÉ between 8 October 1987 and 1 April 1998. The show was presented by George Hamilton and featured Jimmy Magee and Mary Hogan as scorekeeper.
Rounds of questions included the "specialist subject", "great moment in sport", "mystery guest" and "buzzer" rounds.
In 2009 an appeal to re-introduce the show to RTÉ's schedule gathered support on networking website, Facebook.
Was on RTE Player September 2017 to tributes for the death of Jimmy Magee again from Christmas 2021 to celebrate 60 years of television.
References
1980s Irish television series
1987 Irish television series debuts
1990s Irish television series
1998 Irish television series endings
Irish quiz shows
Irish sports television series
RTÉ original programming |
4036355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Black%20%28Methodist%29 | William Black (Methodist) | William Black (November 10, 1760 – September 8, 1834) was a Yorkshireman and founder of the Methodist congregation in colonial Nova Scotia.
Black's daughter married the merchant and politician John Alexander Barry, who was the son of Robert Barry, a prominent businessman and Methodist. His son, Martin Gay Black, became a prominent businessman and also furthered the Methodist cause in Nova Scotia.
References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
William Black made Canadian Methodism
The John Rylands Library : Mr Wesley's Preachers : William Black
History of Nova Scotia : William Black
Biography by John Maclean
Memoir 1839
1760 births
1834 deaths
18th-century Methodist ministers
19th-century Methodist ministers
Canadian businesspeople
English businesspeople
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Nova Scotia
English Methodist ministers
Canadian Methodist ministers
People from Huddersfield
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
Colony of Nova Scotia people
Methodist Church of Great Britain people
Clergy from Yorkshire |
4036356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio%20Spafford | Horatio Spafford | Horatio Gates Spafford (October 20, 1828, Troy, New York – October 16, 1888, Jerusalem) was a prominent American lawyer and Presbyterian church elder. He is best known for penning the Christian hymn It Is Well With My Soul following a family tragedy in which his four daughters died aboard the S.S. Ville du Havre on a transatlantic voyage.
Life
Spafford was the son of Gazetteer author Horatio Gates Spafford and Elizabeth Clark Hewitt Spafford.
On September 5, 1861, he married Anna Larsen of Stavanger, Norway, in Chicago. Spafford was a lawyer and a senior partner in a large law firm.
The Spaffords were supporters and friends of evangelist Dwight L. Moody.
Spafford invested in real estate north of Chicago in the spring of 1871. In October 1871, the Great Fire of Chicago reduced the city to ashes, destroying most of Spafford's investment.
Ville du Havre
Two years after the devastation of the Great Chicago Fire, the family planned a trip to Europe. Late business demands (zoning issues arising from the conflagration) kept Spafford from joining his wife and four daughters on a family vacation in England, where his friend D. L. Moody would be preaching.
On November 22, 1873, while crossing the Atlantic on the steamship Ville du Havre, the ship was struck by an iron sailing vessel, killing 226 people, including all four of Spafford's daughters: Annie, age 12; Maggie, 7; Bessie, 4; and an 18-month old baby. His wife, Anna, survived the tragedy. Upon arriving in Cardiff, Wales, she sent a telegram to Spafford that read "Saved alone." Shortly afterwards, as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife, he was inspired to write It Is Well with My Soul as his ship passed near where his daughters had died.
It Is Well with My Soul
The original manuscript has only four verses, but Spafford's daughter, Bertha Spafford Vester (author of Our Jerusalem: An American Family in the Holy City 1881-1949), who was born after the tragedy, said a verse was later added and the last line of the original song was modified.
The tune, written by Philip Bliss, was named after the ship on which Spafford's daughters died, Ville du Havre.
When peace, like a river, attendeth my way,
When sorrows like sea billows roll;
Whatever my lot, Thou hast taught me to say,
It is well, it is well with my soul.
(Refrain:) It is well (it is well),
with my soul (with my soul),
It is well, it is well with my soul.
Though Satan should buffet, though trials should come,
Let this blest assurance control,
That Christ hath regarded my helpless estate,
And hath shed His own blood for my soul.
(Refrain)
My sin, oh the bliss of this glorious thought!
My sin, not in part but the whole,
Is nailed to His cross, and I bear it no more,
Praise the Lord, praise the Lord, O my soul!
(Refrain)
For me, be it Christ, be it Christ hence to live:
If Jordan above me shall roll,
No pain shall be mine, for in death as in life
Thou wilt whisper Thy peace to my soul.
(Refrain)
And Lord haste the day, when the faith shall be sight,
The clouds be rolled back as a scroll;
The trump shall resound, and the Lord shall descend,
Even so, it is well with my soul.
(Refrain)
Later years
Following the sinking of the Ville du Havre, Anna gave birth to three children, Horatio Goertner (1877), Bertha Hedges (March 24, 1878), and Grace (January 18, 1881). On February 11, 1880, Horatio died of scarlet fever at age three. This final tragedy, after a decade of financial loss and personal grief accompanied by a lack of support from their church community, began Horatio's philosophical move away from material success toward a lifelong spiritual pilgrimage. Anna and Horatio Spafford soon left the Presbyterian congregation Horatio had helped build and hosted prayer meetings in their home. Their Messianic sect was dubbed "the Overcomers" by the American press.
In August 1881, the Spaffords went to Jerusalem as a party of 13 adults and three children to set up the American Colony. Colony members, joined by Swedish Christians, engaged in philanthropic work among the people of Jerusalem regardless of their religious affiliation and without proselytizing motives, gaining the trust of the local Muslim, Jewish, and Christian communities. The community required both single and married adherents to declare celibacy, and children were separated from their parents. Child labor was used in various business endeavors while in Jerusalem.
In Jerusalem, Horatio and Anna Spafford adopted a teenager, Jacob Eliahu (1864–1932), who was born in Ramallah into a Turkish Jewish family. As a schoolboy, Jacob Spafford discovered the Siloam inscription.
Death
Four days before his 60th birthday, Spafford died of malaria on October 16, 1888, and was buried in Mount Zion Cemetery in Jerusalem.
Legacy
At the Eastern front during and after World War I, and during the Armenian and Assyrian genocides, the American Colony supported the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian communities of Jerusalem by hosting soup kitchens, hospitals, and orphanages.
References
External links
SpaffordHymn.com : The original hymn manuscript penned by Horatio Spafford
Cyber Hymnal : Photos of Horatio Spafford and a MIDI file of the hymn
Elisabeth Elliot recalls tea with Horatio Spafford's daughter
Gospelcom.net
Christianity.ca : Many details on life of Spafford
The Library of Congress Exhibition covering the start of The American Colony in Jerusalem, the Spafford Family tragedy, their move to Jerusalem, their time in the Holy Land, and the American Colony at work
American Christian hymnwriters
American evangelicals
American Protestants
Writers from Troy, New York
Deaths from malaria
Burials at Mount Zion (Protestant)
1828 births
1888 deaths
19th-century American poets
American male poets
American emigrants to the Ottoman Empire
19th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
19th-century American lawyers |
4036358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radva%C5%88%20nad%20Dunajom | Radvaň nad Dunajom | Radvaň nad Dunajom (, ) is a municipality at the Danube in the Komárno District of the Nitra Region in Slovakia.
Etymology
The name is derived from the Slavic personal name Radovan.
History
In the 9th century, the territory of Radvaň nad Dunajom became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
It was first mentioned as a village in 1260. The 1606 Peace of Zsitvatorok was signed in Žitavská Tôň, a small settlement near or identical with Žitava, which is now part of Radvaň nad Dunajom. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 Radvaň nad Dunajom once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia.
Demographics
According to the census of 2001, the municipality has 91.46% Hungarian majority and 7.99% Slovak minority.
References
Villages and municipalities in the Komárno District
Populated places on the Danube
Hungarian communities in Slovakia |
4036366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre%20Dame%20University%20College | Notre Dame University College | Notre Dame University College was a private university in Nelson, British Columbia, Canada.
It was established in 1950 by the Roman Catholic diocese of Nelson and opened with
twelve students. In 1951 Notre Dame became affiliated as a junior college with Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, United States, and in 1961 it became affiliated with St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. In 1963, it was chartered as a private four-year university by the Province of British Columbia. Shortly thereafter, it adopted the name Notre Dame University of Nelson (NDU).
At the height of its operation, it enrolled 2,000 students in a variety of academic disciplines. The university granted both Major B.A. Degrees, with intensive work in one subject area, and B.A. Degrees with Concentrations in two subject areas. It hosted a wide range of foreign students, including many from Hong Kong, Indonesia, and the United States.
Dr. Hugh L. Keenleyside, a noted Canadian civil servant and scholar, served as Chancellor and Chairman of the Board of Governors of Notre Dame University College from 1969 to 1977.
Prominent Faculty members included Dr. P.J. Micallef, Professor of Philosophy, a Laval scholar, and Dr. L.A.D. Morey, Professor of English, a former student of J.R.R. Tolkien at Oxford University, among many other highly regarded academicians. NDU served as the headquarters of the Canadian National Ski Team and embarked on a student-inspired scheme to finance a new student union building independently of university funds.
Although the University attracted sufficient numbers of students, it encountered financial difficulties, perhaps in part connected to internal strife - Notre Dame was the first university in Canada to endorse a faculty labour union. In 1976, at the request of the Notre Dame Board of Directors, the Province of British Columbia assumed control, renaming it the David Thompson University Centre and placing it under the administration of the University of Victoria. In spite of its local and regional popularity, the provincial government found the per-student cost too high and closed it in 1984.
Notable alumni
Don Cozzetto
Edward John
Andrew Petter
Sadeq Qotbzadeh
References
Defunct universities and colleges in Canada
Universities in British Columbia
Nelson, British Columbia
Educational institutions established in 1950
1950 establishments in British Columbia
Educational institutions disestablished in 1984
1984 disestablishments in British Columbia |
4036370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Voinea | Adrian Voinea | Adrian Voinea (born 6 August 1974) is a former Romanian tennis player who turned professional in 1993.
The right-hander won one singles title (1999, Bournemouth). Voinea was born in Focsani, Romania, but moved to Italy at age 15 to train with his older brother, Marian. His brother played a crucial role in developing his career. He was his tennis coach, mentor, support system, strategist and hitting partner.
Adrian reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 36 in April 1996. One year before he achieved his greatest success by advancing to the quarterfinals of the 1995 French Open as a qualifier, defeating Karol Kučera, Johan Van Herck, Boris Becker in the third round in four sets, and Andrei Chesnokov. Voinea defeated fifth-seeded Stefan Koubek in the final of the 1999 Brighton International in Bournemouth to win his only singles title at an ATP Tour event.
Between 1995 and 2003 Voinea played in 12 Davis Cup ties for the Romania Davis Cup team and compiled a record of 10 wins and eight losses, all of which were singles matches.
ATP career finals
Singles: 1 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 7 (4–3)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Performance timeline
Singles
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Romanian male tennis players
Romanian expatriates in Italy
Sportspeople from Focșani
Hopman Cup competitors |
4036372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20W.%20Fowler | James W. Fowler | James William Fowler III (1940–2015) was an American theologian who was Professor of Theology and Human Development at Emory University. He was director of both the Center for Research on Faith and Moral Development, and the Center for Ethics until he retired in 2005. He was a minister in the United Methodist Church. Fowler is best known for his book Stages of Faith, published in 1981, in which he sought to develop the idea of a developmental process in "human faith".
Life and career
Fowler was born in Reidsville, North Carolina, on October 12, 1940, the son of a Methodist minister. In 1977, Fowler was appointed Associate Professor of Theology and Human Development at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University. He was later named Charles Howard Candler Professor of Theology and Human Development. He died on October 16, 2015.
Stages of faith
He is best known for his book Stages of Faith (1981), in which he sought to develop the idea of a developmental process in "human faith".
These stages of faith development were along the lines of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development and Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
In the book, Fowler describes 6 stages of development.
Description of the stages
Stage 0 – "Primal or Undifferentiated" faith (birth to 2 years), is characterized by an early learning of the safety of their environment (i.e. warm, safe and secure vs. hurt, neglect and abuse). If consistent nurture is experienced, one will develop a sense of trust and safety about the universe and the divine. Conversely, negative experiences will cause one to develop distrust about the universe and the divine. Transition to the next stage begins with integration of thought and language which facilitates the use of symbols in speech and play.
Stage 1 – "Intuitive-Projective" faith (ages of three to seven), is characterized by the psyche's unprotected exposure to the Unconscious, and marked by a relative fluidity of thought patterns. Religion is learned mainly through experiences, stories, images, and the people that one comes in contact with.
Stage 2 – "Mythic-Literal" faith (mostly in school children), is characterized by persons have a strong belief in the justice and reciprocity of the universe, and their deities are almost always anthropomorphic. During this time metaphors and symbolic language are often misunderstood and are taken literally.
Stage 3 – "Synthetic-Conventional" faith (arising in adolescence; aged 12 to adulthood), is characterized by conformity to authority and the religious development of a personal identity. Any conflicts with one's beliefs are ignored at this stage due to the fear of threat from inconsistencies.
Stage 4 – "Individuative-Reflective" faith (usually mid-twenties to late thirties), is a stage of angst and struggle. The individual takes personal responsibility for his or her beliefs and feelings. As one is able to reflect on one's own beliefs, there is an openness to a new complexity of faith, but this also increases the awareness of conflicts in one's belief.
Stage 5 – "Conjunctive" faith (mid-life crisis), acknowledges paradox and transcendence relating reality behind the symbols of inherited systems. The individual resolves conflicts from previous stages by a complex understanding of a multidimensional, interdependent "truth" that cannot be explained by any particular statement.
Stage 6 – "Universalizing" faith, or what some might call "enlightenment". The individual would treat any person with compassion as he or she views people as from a universal community, and should be treated with universal principles of love and justice.
Empirical research
Fowler's model has inspired a considerable body of empirical research into faith development, although little of such research was ever conducted by Fowler himself. A useful tool here has been Gary Leak's Faith Development Scale, or FDS, which has been subject to factor analysis by Leak.
For criticism see Developmental approaches to religion.
Publications
Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning (1981)
Becoming Adult, Becoming Christian: Adult Development and Christian Faith (1984) (revised 1999 )
To See the Kingdom: The Theological Vision of H. Richard Niebuhr (1974),
Faith Development and Pastoral Care (1987)
Weaving the New Creation: Stages of Faith and the Public Church (1991)
Faithful Change: The Personal and Public Challenges of Postmodern Life (1996)
See also
Jean Piaget, Theory of cognitive development
Erik Erikson, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Lawrence Kohlberg, Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Developmental psychology
Developmental stage theories
Psychology of religion
Integral theory (Ken Wilber)
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
James W.Fowler page at Emory Center for Ethics
A synopsis of Fowler's Stages of Faith Consciousness
Craig R. Dykstra "Transformation in Faith and Morals" Theology Today 39(1)
James Fowler's Stages of Faith in Profile
2015 deaths
20th-century American psychologists
Emory University faculty
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
1940 births
Psychologists of religion
Stage theories
American United Methodist clergy
Duke University alumni
Drew University alumni
Harvard Divinity School alumni |
4036373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamantisaurus | Adamantisaurus | Adamantisaurus ( ) is a poorly-known genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now South America. It is only known from six tail vertebrae but, as a sauropod, it can be assumed that this dinosaur was a very large animal with a long neck and tail.
Like many titanosaurians, Adamantisaurus is incompletely known, making its exact relationships difficult to establish. However, similarities have been noted with Aeolosaurus and the Bauru Group titanosaurian formerly known as the "Peiropolis titanosaur", now called Trigonosaurus.
Description
As Adamantisaurus mezzalirai is only known from the anterior portion of the tail, relatively little is known about the anatomy of this species. It was probably a medium-sized titanosaur. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated it to be roughly 13 meters (43 ft) long and 5 tonnes (5.5 short tons) in weight . However, in 2020 Molina-Pérez and Larramendi gave a larger estimation of 18 meters (60 ft) and 14.4 tonnes (15.8 short tons).
Discovery and naming
Although this animal's remains were first mentioned in print in 1959, it was not named until the description written by Brazilian paleontologists Rodrigo Santucci and Reinaldo Bertini in 2006. It was the first dinosaur named in that year. The type specimen, the only material known of the genus, consists of the second through seventh caudal vertebrae and two chevrons.
Adamantisaurus is currently known only from the Adamantina Formation of Brazil. The Adamantina Formation is part of the Bauru Group of geologic formations. The stratigraphy and exact age of the Bauru Group is still unsettled, but the Adamantina probably occurs somewhere between the Turonian through early Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period (93 to 70 million years ago). Adamantisaurus shares the Adamantina with fellow titanosaurian, Gondwanatitan.
Adamantisaurus is named after the Adamantina Formation in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, where the fossil was found and also incorporates the Greek word sauros meaning 'lizard', the most common suffix used in dinosaur names. The type and only species, Adamantisaurus mezzalirai is named in honor of Sérgio Mezzalira, the Brazilian geologist who originally found the specimen and first mentioned it in print.
Classification
The phylogenetic relationship of Adamantisaurus has yet to be rigorously tested. However, it appears to be more derived than Malawisaurus based on the ball-and-socket articulation of the caudal vertebrae. All titanosaurs at least as derived as Malawisaurus are members of the clade Lithostrotia. Within that clade, however, its relationships are unclear. Adamantisaurus resembles Aeolosaurus, a close relative of its contemporary Gondwanatitan, in some respects. Adamantisaurus cannot be directly compared to Brasilotitan, another genus found in the Adamantina Formation.
References
Further reading
[In Portuguese]
Powell, J.E. 1987. Morfológia del esqueleto axial de los dinossaurios titanosáuridos (Saurischia, Sauropoda) del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. In Anais X Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. Pp. 155–171. [In Spanish]
Lithostrotians
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Campanian life
Maastrichtian life
Cretaceous Brazil
Fossils of Brazil
Adamantina Formation
Fossil taxa described in 2006 |
4036386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayNetwork | PlayNetwork | PlayNetwork, Inc. is a provider of in-store music and entertainment for retail, restaurant, and hospitality environments.
PlayNetwork merged with TouchTunes in May 2017, but in September 2021, TouchTunes sold PlayNetwork to Mood Media.
History
The company was founded by Kevin Robell in 1996. As a music programmer for the Tom Selleck-owned nightclub Black Orchid in Honolulu, HI during the 80s, Kevin noticed "the synergetic relationship between customers, music, and their environment"; He went on to establish PlayNetwork in Seattle with brother Gordon Robell as a digital music provider for businesses.
In 1996, Adam Brotman, who was a consultant to Kevin Robell, became CEO. Adam went on to become Starbucks’ Chief Digital Officer in 2009.
In 1998, PlayNetwork began a partnership with Starbucks to provide digital music systems and service to over 1,800 retail locations in North America. By 2001, the company was providing services to more than 3,500 international locations.
In 2003, PlayNetwork is named one of the Inc. 500 Fastest Growing Private Companies.
In 2005, Executive Chairman of the Board, Lon Troxel is appointed as CEO. PlayNetwork acquires Crows Nest Entertainment (digital signage and advertising). PlayNetwork is named one of the Deloitte Technology Fast 500.
In 2009, PlayNetwork acquires custom in-store television network developer Channel M.
In 2013, offices in London and Hong Kong open.
In May 2017, PlayNetwork merged with TouchTunes Interactive Network and the combined company's headquarters was reported to be located at New York City and Seattle.
International expansion
PlayNetwork continues to expand internationally with the opening of office locations in London and Hong Kong, with an additional office in Santiago, Chile in 2014.
References
Companies based in Redmond, Washington
Companies established in 1996
Industrial music services |
4036392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Norbert%20Blanchet | François Norbert Blanchet | François Norbert Blanchet (September 30, 1795 – June 18, 1883) was a French Canadian-born missionary priest and prelate of the Catholic Church who was instrumental in establishing the Catholic Church presence in the Pacific Northwest. He was one of the first Catholic priests to arrive in what was then known as the Oregon Country and subsequently became the first bishop and archbishop of the Archdiocese of Oregon City (now known as the Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon).
Early life and priesthood
François Norbert Blanchet was born near Saint-Pierre-de-la-Rivière-du-Sud in Lower Canada (present-day Quebec). Along with his younger brother Augustin-Magloire Blanchet, he entered the Seminary of Quebec and was ordained a priest in 1819. Blanchet spent a year working at the cathedral in Quebec before being sent to do missionary work with the Micmac and Acadian people in present-day New Brunswick. To be able to preach to the local Irish, Blanchet became fluent in English. In 1827 he was summoned back to Montreal and became a pastor.
Missionary work and episcopal career
In the 1830s, John McLoughlin sent letters from French Canadian Catholic employees of the Hudson's Bay Company requesting from Bishop Provencher of the Red River colony to send priests to what was then known as the Oregon Country. Bishop Provencher originally suggested that priests be sent to the Willamette Valley but the Hudson's Bay Company pressed for the considered mission to be on the Cowlitz River, north of the Columbia River. Blanchet was appointed the Vicar General of the Oregon Country, with fellow priest Modeste Demers to aid in the missionary efforts. The missionaries were instructed by Archbishop Joseph Signay of Quebec: "In order to make yourselves sooner useful to the natives... you will apply yourselves... to the study of the Indian languages... so as to be able to publish a grammar after some of your residence there." The two priests along with nuns and lay people departed from Quebec on May 3, 1838, and traveled along the York Factory Express.
Arriving on 18 November at Fort Nez Percés, a Hudson's Bay Company fur trade outpost located in the present state of Washington, Blanchet celebrated Masses and baptized three Roman Catholic converts.
In November of that year, they arrived at Fort Vancouver in present-day Vancouver, Washington. A delegation composed of French-Canadians from the Willamette Valley composed of Pierre Belleque, Joseph Gervais and Étienne Lucier were present to greet them. During their winter stay at the Fort, the priests held services in Chinook Jargon with Klickitats in attendance. Blanchet and Demers held Masses in various buildings within the fort, and Catholics often had to share worship space with Protestants, an arrangement that did not please either group.
Beginning on January 3, 1839, Blanchet, with Belleque and Lucier, went to the French Prairie farms maintained by the French-Canadians. The first Catholic Mass south of the Columbia river (in the Oregon Country) was celebrated at the St. Paul church on January 6, where Blanchet remained for five weeks. During his second visit in March 1839 to Cowlitz to visually explain basic Catholic religious concepts, Blanchet created the "Sahale stick" or stick from God in Chinook Jargon. This was later made more complex with the use of cloth, to allow for additional representations. The use of the Sahale stick was later adopted by Methodists and Presbyterians like Daniel Lee and Henry H. Spalding.
Blanchet was the first non-Native American to make an overnight stay on Whidbey Island in May 1840, where he offered Mass for several tribes at an outdoor altar; he had been invited by Chief Tslalakum. The chief presented him with a huge wooden cross ( long) and by 1841 the inhabitants were building a log church in the same area. Blanchet stayed on the island for nearly a year.
In February 1841 several gatherings were convened to determine the fate of recently deceased Ewing Young's estate, the first of the Champoeg Meetings which two years later saw formation of the Provisional Government of Oregon. Jason Lee as chairman of the first meeting on the 17th proposed that a Willamette Valley-based settler government be formed. Included in the considered government was the position of governor, which led Blanchet to counter propose a political system with a judge as the highest authority. During the subsequent meeting held at David Leslie's home near Champoeg on the next day Blanchet was selected to chair a committee to draft the laws of government. Blanchet was still opposed to the contemplated political structure, and six months later asked for a reprieve of his duties.
On December 1, 1843, the Vatican under Pope Gregory XVI established the Vicariate Apostolic of the Oregon Territory, and named Blanchet its vicar apostolic. With no bishops out west to consecrate him, Blanchet had to journey home to Quebec to be consecrated a bishop. He began his journey for Canada in December 1844, boarded a steamer on the Columbia River, touched at Honolulu, Hawaii doubled Cape Horn, landed at Dover, England, went by rail to Liverpool, took a vessel to Boston, Massachusetts, and finally proceeded by rail to Montréal, a journey of . Blanchet was consecrated a bishop on July 25, 1845 by Archbishop Ignace Bourget at Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral in Montréal.
Then on July 24, 1846, the Vatican under Pope Pius IX divided the vicariate apostolic into three dioceses: Oregon City, Vancouver Island, and Walla Walla. Blanchet was named Bishop of Oregon City, while Demers was named Bishop of Vancouver Island and Augustin Blanchet Bishop of Walla Walla. The Diocese of Oregon City was elevated to an archdiocese on July 29, 1850, and François Blanchet was elevated to archbishop.
He retired in 1880; retaining the title of archbishop, he was named to a titular see, in the practice of that time. He died in 1883 and is interred at St. Paul Cemetery in St. Paul, Oregon.
François’s brother was Augustin-Magloire Blanchet, who was the Bishop of Walla Walla until 1850 and then the Bishop of the Diocese of Nesqually, which later became the Diocese of Seattle.
Legacy
In 1995, the Archdiocese of Portland approved the plan to build a Catholic secondary school in Salem, Oregon, under the condition the school be named Blanchet. Blanchet Catholic School opened in 1995.
See also
St. Paul Roman Catholic Church (St. Paul, Oregon)
Pierre-Jean De Smet
References
External links
François Norbert Blanchet: Catholic Encyclopedia
Missionaries Blanchet and Demers reach Oregon
1795 births
1883 deaths
Champoeg Meetings
Roman Catholic archbishops of Oregon City
19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
Pre-Confederation Canadian emigrants to the United States
American people of Québécois descent
Oregon Country
Oregon pioneers
Canadian Roman Catholic missionaries
Participants in the First Vatican Council
Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States |
4036394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew%20Fraser | Drew Fraser | Andrew William Fraser (also known as Drew Fraser, born 1944) is a Canadian-born academic and was an associate professor in the Department of Public Law at Macquarie University in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Fraser holds a BA (Hons) and an LLB from Queen's University, an LLM from Harvard University, and an MA from the University of North Carolina. His most recent book is The WASP Question (2011).
Academic career
Fraser studied advanced constitutional law at Harvard Law School. He taught American constitutional history at Macquarie University in Sydney until 2005.
Views
Non-white immigration and multiculturalism
In July 2005, Fraser received national attention in Australia with a letter to his local newspaper, signed with his academic title, in which he claimed that importing Sudanese refugees threatened to turn Australia into "a colony of the Third World" and "Experience everywhere in the world shows us that an expanding black population is a sure-fire recipe for increases in crime, violence and other social problems".
Macquarie University responded that it distanced itself from Fraser's remarks, but backed the right of academics to say what they wish in a responsible way. The acting vice-chancellor, John Loxton, stated there was no place for racism at the university, but it "recognises and protects academic freedom as essential to the conduct of teaching, research and scholarship".
Fraser was accused of being affiliated with White Supremacist groups, including the Patriotic Youth League (PYL), by the anti-racist group FightDemBack. Although both he and the PYL initially denied any connection, Fraser admitted he had attended PYL meetings and signed up to the PYL website after video footage of a PYL member describing him as an official legal adviser surfaced.
Following an outcry from Sydney's Sudanese community, Macquarie University Vice-Chancellor Dianne Yerbury on 29 July 2005 decided to suspend Fraser from teaching any further at the campus on the grounds that the race debate was "threatening to spill over into the classroom" and was "affecting the university's ability to operate effectively."
Macquarie University offered to pay out the final year of his contract but Fraser declined, describing the offer as a "dishonorable discharge".
On this incident, Fraser wrote:
Truth is no longer a defence when it comes to charges of academic deviance. Instead of an invitation to debate the issues, the Vice-Chancellor's office sought to get me off campus as soon as possible by offering to buy out my contract. The head of Human Resources made it clear to me that my public comments were damaging their efforts to market Macquarie University to foreign students.
When I refused the offer on the grounds that it amounted to a dishonourable discharge, VC Di Yerbury, ordered that I be suspended from teaching. This was justified on the specious grounds that the safety of students supposedly had been threatened by, among others, my supporters! For what must be the first time in academic history, alleged threats by outsiders to disrupt classes were met, not by tightening security to deal with the disrupters, but by getting rid of the disruptee.
In August 2005, more than 300 Macquarie University staff and students attended a forum on racism and free speech, at which Fraser (as well as Sudanese community and University members) was allowed to put his views from the floor.
Fraser's suspension ended in mid-2006, when an early-retirement package took effect.
In September 2005, Fraser wrote an article advocating a return of the White Australia Policy, entitled "Rethinking the White Australia Policy". The article was set to be published in the law journal of Deakin University, but the university directed the journal not to publish it. "Rethinking the White Australia Policy" has since been published and circulated across the internet.
A complaint from the Sydney Sudanese community about the original newspaper letter was upheld on 31 March 2006 by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, on whose direction Fraser reluctantly apologised for his remarks.
Fraser addressed the American Renaissance Conference in February 2006, alongside speakers such as Nick Griffin of the British National Party and Professor J. Philippe Rushton. This was followed up later in the year with appearances at the Inverell political forum in March and at the Sydney Forum in August alongside speakers who included Jim Saleam of the Australia First Party.
Freedom of speech in Australia
In an article for Alternative Right entitled "The Cult of "The Other"", Fraser warned that academic freedom was being stifled in Australian universities. He wrote:
Academic freedom in Australia is dying before our eyes; another sacrifice performed in the now holy name of "The Other." In the universities, as elsewhere, public criticism of privileged minorities must walk a shaky legal tightrope... Unfortunately, in a mass-mediated wasteland of intellectual cowardice and political conformity, Australian universities are not an oasis of dissent. If my experience as a teacher, scholar, and, more recently, a first-year theology student is a reliable guide, academia is utterly hostile to free thought and frank discussion on race, ethnicity, and gender.
Writings
Fraser has written numerous articles on ethno-nationalist topics for publications such as VDARE, Alternative Right, and The Occidental Observer.
In 2011 Fraser published The WASP Question, in which he examined the failure of Anglo-Saxon peoples in North America, Australia and elsewhere to defend their ethnic identity and interests in the postmodern, multicultural age.
In The WASP Question, Fraser writes:
The defining characteristic of WASPs White Anglo-Saxon Protestants] is that they are much less ethnocentric than other peoples; indeed for all practical purposes Anglo-Saxon Protestants appear to be all but completely bereft of in-group solidarity. They are therefore open to exploitation by free-riders from other, more ethnocentric, groups. It seems unlikely that nominally Americanized Changs, Singhs, and Gonzales are as committed in a practical sense to the anti-discrimination principle as Anglo-Saxon individualists. There is no shortage of evidence to suggest that the Changs, the Gonzales and the Singhs (not to mention the Goldmans with their well-known animus toward WASPs) still practice forms of ethnic nepotism strictly forbidden to Anglo-Protestants.
In these circumstances, an interesting question arises: are contemporary WASPs entitled to recognition as an historic people? If not, why not?
Selected works
Books
The Spirit of the Laws: Republicanism and the Unfinished Project of Modernity (1990)
Reinventing Aristocracy: The Constitutional Reformation of Corporate Governance (1998)
The WASP Question: An Essay on the Biocultural Evolution, Present Predicament, and Future Prospects of the Invisible Race (2011)
Dissident Dispatches: An Alt-Right Guide to Christian Theology (2017)
Articles
"Reinventing a Ruling Class". TELOS 128 (Summer 2004). New York: Telos Press
"Monarchs and Miracles: Australia's Need for a Patriot King". The Occidental Quarterly 5(1) (Spring 2005). Atlanta, GA: Charles Martel Society
References
External links
FightDemBack's archive of material pertaining to Fraser
1944 births
Macquarie University faculty
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
University of South Carolina alumni
Living people
Canadian emigrants to Australia |
4036395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%A1j%C4%81nis%20Valdem%C4%81rs | Krišjānis Valdemārs | Krišjānis Valdemārs (in Germanized spelling as Christian Waldemar or Woldemar) (2 December 1825 at Vecjunkuri in Ārlava parish (now Valdgale parish, Courland, Latvia) – 7 December 1891 in Moscow, Russia) was a writer, editor, educator, politician, lexicographer, folklorist and economist, the spiritual leader of The First Latvian National Awakening and the most prominent member of the Young Latvians movement.
Biography
Krišjānis Valdemārs was born on 2 December 1825 at Vecjunkuri homestead, Ārlava parish (now Valdgale parish, Courland, Latvia). He was the son of a Lutheran curate Mārtiņš Valdemārs. He graduated from local parish school and worked as a teacher in Sasmaka (now named Valdemārpils in his honor). Later he worked as a parish secretary in Rundāle and Ēdole parish.
In 1854 he graduated from gymnasium in Liepāja and started his studies at the University of Tartu (then Dorpat). His main subject and interest were economics. While studying there he became known with the first public declaration of Latvian nationality. He affixed a visiting card to his door that read "C. Woldemar stud. cam. Latweetis." At the time, it was almost unheard of for an educated person to call himself a Latvian; education meant Germanisation, and Valdemārs' act has been compared with Martin Luther's posting of the 95 Theses at the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg in its importance for the birth of Latvian nationalism. Valdemārs is seen as the spiritual father of the First Awakening. With Juris Alunāns, he led Latvian student gatherings while in Tartu and advocated the study of folklore.
After graduation in 1858 he moved to St Petersburg and worked as a clerk in Ministry of Finance. Also he was a correspondent in local German-language newspaper St. Petersburgische Zeitung.
In 1862 he became editor and main publisher of the Latvian newspaper Pēterburgas Avīzes which was hitherto the most radical Latvian newspaper. It strongly opposed Baltic German rule and the remnants of feudalism in Baltic provinces. The newspaper became the main platform for Young Latvian ideas. It was closed by the Russian authorities in 1865.
In 1864 Valdemārs helped establish the first Latvian naval school in Ainaži as a way of making Latvians rich. At its opening he uttered the famous phrase "Brauciet, latvji, jūriņā, krājiet zeltu pūriņā!" (Latvians, sail the seas, stuff your dowry with gold). Many other Latvian naval schools was established during the next years in the coastal towns of Latvia. It had big influence on local economy and culture because hundreds of Latvian peasant sons had a chance to get education for free and become captains or steersmen. It led to the "Age of Sailors" in Latvia as active shipbuilding started in coastal towns and villages and those Latvian-built, Latvian-owned and -crewed ships became the first national merchant fleet which was even involved in trans-Atlantic voyages.
Valdemārs published a Latvian-Russian-German dictionary in 1879.
In later life Valdemārs was mostly involved in polemics with Baltic Germans, popularized seafaring and edited the first Latvian naval dictionary.
Valdemārs died on 7 December 1891 in Moscow. He is buried in Riga's Great Cemetery. One of the main streets in Riga is named after him.
References
1825 births
1891 deaths
People from Talsi Municipality
People from Courland Governorate
Latvian writers
Latvian politicians
19th-century Latvian people
19th-century writers of the Russian Empire
Politicians of the Russian Empire
University of Tartu alumni
19th-century Latvian politicians |
4036400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lex%20Calatrava | Álex Calatrava | Alex Patricio Calatrava (born 14 June 1973) is a former tour tennis player from Spain, who turned professional in 1993. The right-hander won one singles title (2000, San Marino). He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 44 in February 2001.
Tennis career
Calatrava defeated up and coming British star Alex Bogdanovic in five sets at 2004 US Open.
In July 2005 Calatrava was beaten by 18-year old Novak Djokovic. The Serb dispatched Calatrava in straight sets at the Umag tournament in Croatia.
Personal
Calatrava was born in Germany while his parents lived there, returning to Spain live in 1980. His Spanish father, José, met his French mother, Gabrielle, while working Germany. Calatrava's uncle is the renowned architect Santiago Calatrava.
Calatrava lived in California from 1989 to 1991 and attended a high school for one year in Palm Springs. He also lived a year in Indian Wells under the guidance of Spanish coach José Higueras. He was the number one ranked junior player in California in 1991.
ATP career finals
Singles: 3 (1 title, 2 runner-ups)
Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 9 (4–5)
Doubles: 7 (2–5)
Performance timeline
Singles
References
External links
Calatrava eased out by Djokovic
1973 births
Living people
Tennis players from Cologne
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Spanish male tennis players
Spanish people of French descent |
4036406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Rail%20Road | Indiana Rail Road | The Indiana Rail Road is a United States Class II railroad, originally operating over former Illinois Central Railroad trackage from Newton, Illinois, to Indianapolis, Indiana, a distance of . This line, now known as the Indiana Rail Road's Indianapolis Subdivision, comprises most of the former IC/ICG line from Indianapolis to Effingham, Illinois; Illinois Central successor Canadian National Railway retains the portion from Newton to Effingham. INRD also owns a former Milwaukee Road line from Terre Haute, Indiana, to Burns City, Indiana (site of the Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center), with trackage rights extending to Chicago, Illinois. INRD no longer serves Louisville, Kentucky, and the Port of Indiana on the Ohio River at Jeffersonville, Indiana, through a haulage agreement with the Louisville & Indiana Railroad (LIRC).
Overview
The company was formed in 1986 by entrepreneur Thomas Hoback, who retired as president and chief executive officer in 2015. CSX Transportation now owns a majority interest in the parent company. The company's executive and administrative offices are located in downtown Indianapolis.
In May 2006, INRD completed the purchase of the Canadian Pacific Railway line from Terre Haute to Bedford, Indiana, the former Milwaukee Road/Soo Line Railroad Latta Subdivision, now known as INRD's Chicago Subdivision, which crosses the Indianapolis Subdivision at grade at Linton, Indiana. The former Latta Sub was isolated from the rest of the CPR, and was reached from Chicago via trackage rights over CSX Transportation's former Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad line; further trackage rights over CSX's former Monon from Bedford to Louisville, Kentucky (negotiated as part of the Monon's merger with CSX predecessor Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1971) allowed the CPR access into the Bluegrass State. These trackage rights were transferred to the Indiana Rail Road as part of the sale, bringing INRD's total route structure to approximately . The company also operates the remnants of the Monon Railroad in and around Bloomington, Indiana, and has trackage rights over other lines in and around Indianapolis, with a classification yard, shops and main transloading facility located on the city's near south side at the Senate Avenue Terminal (between I-70 and the Indianapolis Union Railway's Belt Line). Additional INRD classification yards are located at Palestine, Illinois, and Jasonville, Indiana. The latter facility, known as Hiawatha (in tribute to original owner Milwaukee Road's crack passenger trains) is also home to the main locomotive servicing facility.
The INRD primarily hauls coal from Indiana mines to electric generating plants along the line. Appliances, grain, plastics, aggregates and food products comprise other freight hauled. Major customers include Indianapolis Power & Light, Ameren, Hoosier Energy, Duke Energy, Lincoland AgriEnergy (ethanol), Marathon Oil, Hershey Foods, General Electric, Mont Eagle Mills, PolyOne Corporation, Bemis Plastics. On March 18, 2009, the railroad announced that it would build a new rail spur in Sullivan County, Indiana, for the new Bear Run coal mine. Bear Run is being developed by Peabody Coal and is expected to produce more than 8 million tons annually.
Long abandoned and now removed was a connection to Union Station. Tracks once ran between Senate Avenue (originally known as Mississippi Street) and Missouri Street north from this terminal's location through the present-day site of Lucas Oil Stadium. A remnant of this connection can still be noted today in the unusual height of I-70's overpass above West and Missouri streets, which when the freeway was built in the early 1970s had to also pass over the once active rail line.
Routes
The Soo Line Railroad abandoned a section of the line between Bedford and Seymour, Indiana, as soon as they took over the Milwaukee Road in 1986. The Canadian Pacific Railway operated on the Chicago–Bedford line from their acquisition of the Soo Line until 2006, when they spun it off to the Indiana Rail Road company. On December 18, 2009, it was decided to cut the southern part of that line even more, as they are abandoning between Bedford and Crane, a total distance of .
Intermodal terminal
The Indiana Rail Road operates the Senate Avenue Intermodal Terminal, located southwest of downtown Indianapolis. In cooperation with the Canadian National Railway, it provides container service between Indianapolis and Canada's Pacific ports of Vancouver and Prince Rupert, for connection with trans-Pacific shipping. Opened in 2013, the terminal moved 1,450 containers during its first year of operations. In the fall of 2021, it was expected that the terminal would move over 40,000 containers during the year. An expansion project started in 2021, and is expected to be completed in 2023.
Locomotive roster
References
External links
Indiana Rail Road – Official Website
Indiana Rail Road Railfan Page – Unofficial Informational Website
Indiana railroads
Illinois railroads
Kentucky railroads
CSX Transportation
Regional railroads in the United States
Spin-offs of the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad
Railway companies established in 1986
Companies operating former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad lines
Companies operating former Illinois Central Railroad lines
Companies operating former Monon Railroad lines
Companies operating former New York Central Railroad lines
Companies operating former New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad lines
1986 establishments in Indiana
American companies established in 1986 |
4036413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina%20Schild | Martina Schild | Martina Schild (born 26 October 1981, in Brienz) is a Swiss alpine skier competing in downhill and super-G.
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, she won the silver medal in the women's downhill. She placed 6th in the women's super-G.
She is the granddaughter of skier Hedy Schlunegger (1923–2003), who was the Olympic downhill champion of 1948.
World Cup victories
References
External links
1981 births
Swiss female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers of Switzerland
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Olympic silver medalists for Switzerland
People from Brienz
Living people
Sportspeople from the canton of Bern |
4036415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Arnott%20%28cricketer%29 | Kevin Arnott (cricketer) | Kevin John Arnott (born 8 March 1961) is a former Zimbabwe cricketer who played in four Test matches and 13 One Day Internationals from 1987 to 1993. He was the first Zimbabwean to face a ball in Test cricket, and the second to make a Test century. His highest score in a Test innings was 101 not out made against New Zealand at Bulawayo in 1992.
He appeared in both the World Cup tournaments in 1987 and 1992. His father, Don, played first-class cricket Rhodesia during the 1950s. He is a past pupil of Prince Edward School, Harare and graduated from Cape Town University. He is the first Test cap for Zimbabwe.
After his cricket career, Arnott became a lawyer in Harare.
References
1961 births
Living people
Cricketers from Harare
Zimbabwean cricketers
White Zimbabwean people
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers |
4036416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FK%20Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav | FK Mladá Boleslav | FK Mladá Boleslav is a Czech football club based in the city of Mladá Boleslav . The club currently plays in the Czech First League.
Mladá Boleslav were runners up in the 2005–06 Czech First League and went on to play in the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League, winning their opening tie against Vålerenga although they were eliminated in the third qualifying round by Galatasaray. The club won the Czech Cup in 2011 and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, although they were defeated over two legs by AEK Larnaca.
History
Recent times
The team was promoted to Czech First League for the first time in its history in 2004 and in their first top-flight season fought against relegation, eventually finishing in 14th place. The club's greatest success was achieved in the 2005–06 season, as they finished runners-up in the Czech First League, earning a place in the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League. They came through their first tie, defeating Vålerenga (3–1 and 2–2), then lost against Galatasaray (2–5 away, 1–1 home), dropping into the UEFA Cup first round. The club went on to achieve a surprising 4–3 aggregate victory over Marseille (1st leg: 0–1, 2nd leg 4–2). However, the team was eliminated after reaching the group stage, taking just 3 points from 4 matches (Panathinaikos 0–1, Hapoel Tel Aviv 1–1, Paris Saint-Germain 0–0, Rapid București 1–1).
The following season, the club qualified directly for the first round of the UEFA Cup after finishing 3rd in the league. (Luboš Pecka was the top goalscorer in the league that year.) Qualification for the group stage was only narrowly secured by beating Palermo 4–2 on penalties after a nail biting 1–1 aggregate scoreline. On the verge of being eliminated with the score reading 1–0 Palermo, (with their goal in the first leg still standing) in the 2nd leg, Tomáš Sedláček scored the winner in the 2nd leg with only seconds to spare. In their group Mladá Boleslav defeated IF Elfsborg 3–1, but again failed to reach the knockout stages of the competition after losing matches against Villarreal 1–2, AEK Athens 0–1 and Fiorentina 1–2. The club subsequently achieved a 7th place league finish in the 2007–08 season, missing out on European qualification.
The major sponsor of the club is Škoda Auto.
Historical names
1902 – SSK Mladá Boleslav (Studentský sportovní klub Mladá Boleslav)
1910 – Mladoboleslavský SK (Mladoboleslavský Sportovní klub)
1919 – Aston Villa Mladá Boleslav
1948 – Sokol Aston Villa Mladá Boleslav
1949 – ZSJ AZNP Mladá Boleslav (Základní sportovní jednota Automobilové závody národní podnik Mladá Boleslav) – merged with Sokol Slavoj Mladá Boleslav and Sokol Meteor Čejetičky
1950 – merged with Sokol Mladoboleslavský
1959 – TJ Spartak Mladá Boleslav AZNP (Tělovýchovná jednota Spartak Mladá Boleslav Automobilové závody národní podnik)
1965 – TJ Škoda Mladá Boleslav (Tělovýchovná jednota Škoda Mladá Boleslav)
1971 – TJ AŠ Mladá Boleslav (Tělovýchovná jednota Auto Škoda Mladá Boleslav)
1990 – FK Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Mladá Boleslav)
1992 – FK Slavia Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Slavia Mladá Boleslav)
1994 – FK Bohemians Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Bohemians Mladá Boleslav)
1995 – FK Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Mladá Boleslav)
Players
Current squad
.
Out on loan
Notable former players
Player records in the Czech First League
.
Highlighted players are in the current squad.
Most appearances
Most goals
Most clean sheets
Current technical staff
Technical director: Jiří Plíšek
Assistant coaches: Boris Kočí, Marek Kulič
Goalkeeping coach: Oldřich Pařízek
Managers
Karel Stanner (1996–01)
Vlastimil Petržela (2002)
Martin Pulpit (2002–04)
Milan Bokša (2004)
Dušan Uhrin, Jr. (July 2004 – June 2007)
Zdeněk Ščasný (Sep 2007 – March 2008)
Karel Stanner (March 2008 – June 2008)
Pavel Hapal (June 2008 – June 2009)
Dušan Uhrin, Jr. (July 2009 – Dec 2009)
Karel Stanner (Jan 2010 – May 2011)
Miroslav Koubek (July 2011 – Sept 2012)
Ladislav Minář (Sep 2012 – Jan 2014)
Karel Jarolím (Jan 2014 – Aug 2016)
Leoš Kalvoda (Aug 2016 – Dec 2016)
Martin Svědík (Dec 2016 – June 2017)
Dušan Uhrin, Jr. (June 2017 – Feb 2018)
Jozef Weber (Feb 2018 – Dec 2020)
Karel Jarolím (Dec 2020 – Feb 2022)
Pavel Hoftych (Feb 2022 –)
History in domestic competitions
Seasons spent at Level 1 of the football league system: 17
Seasons spent at Level 2 of the football league system: 6
Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 3
Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 2
Czech Republic
History in European competitions
Notes
2Q: Second qualifying round
3Q: Third qualifying round
PO: Play-off round
Honours
Czech Cup
Winners (2): 2010–11, 2015–16
Czech 2. Liga
Winners: 2003–04
Bohemian Football League
Winners: 1997–98
Club records
Czech First League records
Best position: 2nd (2005–06)
Worst position: 14th (2004–05)
Biggest home win: Mladá Boleslav 6–0 Příbram (2019–20)
Biggest away win: Teplice 0–8 Mladá Boleslav (2018–19)
Biggest home defeat: Mladá Boleslav 0–4 Teplice (2012–13), Mladá Boleslav 0–4 Sparta Prague (2013–14)
Biggest away defeat: Plzeň 7–1 Mladá Boleslav (2019–20)
References
External links
in Czech
in English
Football clubs in the Czech Republic
Association football clubs established in 1902
Czech First League clubs
1902 establishments in Austria-Hungary |
4036422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Viktoria%20Plze%C5%88 | FC Viktoria Plzeň | Football Club Viktoria Plzeň () is a Czech professional football club based in Plzeň. They play in the Czech First League, the top division of football in the country.
As runners-up in the 1970–71 Czechoslovak Cup, the club gained the right to play in the following season's Cup Winners' Cup, as winners Spartak Trnava also won the championship and played in the European Cup. In 2010, they played in the UEFA Europa League after winning the 2009–10 Czech Cup.
The club won the Czech league for the first time in 2011, and participated in the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League group stage, during which they won their first Champions League match, earning five points and qualifying for the Round of 32 in the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League. The club won their second Czech league title in the 2012–13 season.
In 2013–14, the club participated in the UEFA Champions League group stage and finished third. They then reached the round of 16 in UEFA Europa League before being eliminated by Lyon.
History
Early history
In 1911, Jaroslav Ausobský, an official of the state railways, filed a request for the establishment of a new football club in Plzeň. In August 1911, the newly formed club Viktoria played their first match, losing 7–3 against Olympia Plzeň.
For the first 18 years of its existence, Viktoria Plzeň was a purely amateur club, although in 1922–23, they took their first foreign trip to Spain, where they won six out of nine matches. In June 1929, an extraordinary meeting of members agreed to go professional and enter the national professional league. Viktoria finished their first season in seventh place, but the very next season, improved and reached second place, which meant a first-ever promotion to the First League. In the 1934–35 Czechoslovak First League, Viktoria finished in fourth place and subsequently played in the 1935 Mitropa Cup, the top European club competition at the time. Two matches against Juventus brought Viktoria to the attention of European football at large. They drew 3–3 at home but lost 5–1 in Turin.
Viktoria played without success in the First League, being relegated for the 1938 season but returning to top competition the next year. The outbreak of World War II interrupted competition, notably through the absence of teams from Slovakia. In 1942, Viktoria fell again into the divisions, but again returned to the top league the next year, where they would remain until 1952. That same year, the club changed its name to Sokol Škoda Plzeň. For nine years they remained in the divisions, struggling to return to the First League, and in 1961, now under the name of Spartak Plzeň, achieved that promotion. The club was relegated and promoted frequently between the top two tiers until 1972, when as Škoda Plzeň they settled in the First League for eight years.
In 1971, Viktoria won the Czech Cup by drawing lots after the two-legged final ended 4–4 on aggregate and 5–5 in a limited penalty shootout against Sparta Prague B. They lost 7–2 on aggregate in the Czechoslovak Cup final against Slovak Cup winners Spartak Trnava, but as Trnava had won the league title that season, Viktoria was the country's entrant to the next season's European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's greatest honor is elimination in the first round by Bayern Munich, 7–2 on aggregate. From 1980 until the division of Czechoslovakia 13 years later, Viktoria moved frequently between the top two tiers again.
Recent history
In 1992, the club returned to its historical name FC Viktoria Plzeň and the very next season, advanced to the first league, where it remained until 1999.
In the first years of the new millennium, Viktoria was owned by a foreign investor – Italian Football Company Ltd EAST. This situation lasted until March 2005, when 100% of the club's shares were purchased by local interests. The summer of 2005 also brought back relations with the Czech motor company Škoda, which had previously been the club's name sponsors.
On 18 May 2010, Viktoria won the Czech Cup final 2–1 against Jablonec, and returned to European competitions via the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. Viktoria entered in the third qualifying round against Beşiktaş and held them 1–1 at home before losing 3–0 away.
Viktoria won its first ever league championship in 2010–11, finishing with 69 points to Sparta Prague's 68. The club therefore qualified for a play-off to the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League, in which they defeated Copenhagen 5–2 on aggregate. Viktoria were placed in Group H alongside reigning champions Barcelona and Milan, and reached third place in the group by recording a victory over BATE Borisov. This saw the club drop into the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League in the round of 32, where they lost 4–2 on aggregate to Schalke 04 after extra time.
The club's Stadion města Plzně was also rebuilt in 2011. On 11 June 2011, Viktoria celebrated together with fans in the courtyard of the Pilsner Urquell brewery for a centennial anniversary. In January 2012, the club held a festive gala for its centenary, and voted current midfielder Pavel Horváth as its greatest player of all-time.
The 2011–12 season saw Viktoria finish in third place in the league, three points behind champions Slovan Liberec, to qualify for a third consecutive Europa League campaign. Starting in the second qualifying round, the club advanced past Metalurgi Rustavi of Georgia and Ruch Chorzów of Poland to set up a play-off against the Belgian club Lokeren, in which Viktoria advanced on away goals after a 2–2 aggregate draw. The club finished first in Group B, ahead of the tournament's reigning champions Atlético Madrid. In the round of 32, Viktoria were drawn against Napoli and won 3–0 away and 2–0 at home to advance to the last 16, where they played Fenerbahçe. Viktoria lost the home leg 1–0, and in the away leg (which was played behind closed doors due to the Istanbul club's fans' recent conduct) drew 1–1, resulting in their elimination. Viktoria won the Czech league for a second time in the 2012–13 season.
Off-field
In 2017, the club installed a dugout in the shape of a beer can after a deal with a local beer sponsor.
Historical names
1911 – SK Viktoria Plzeň (Sportovní klub Viktoria Plzeň)
1949 – Sokol Škoda Plzeň
1952 – Sokol ZVIL Plzeň (Sokol Závody Vladimíra Iljiče Lenina Plzeň)
1953 – DSO Spartak LZ Plzeň (Dobrovolná sportovní organizace Spartak Leninovy závody Plzeň)
1962 – TJ Spartak LZ Plzeň (Tělovýchovná jednota Spartak Leninovy závody Plzeň)
1965 – TJ Škoda Plzeň (Tělovýchovná jednota Škoda Plzeň)
1993 – FC Viktoria Plzeň (Football Club Viktoria Plzeň, a.s.)
Players
Current squad
.
Out on loan
Notable former players
Player records in the Czech First League
.
Highlighted players are in the current squad.
Most appearances
Most goals
Most clean sheets
Managers
Rudolf Krčil (1963)
Vlastimil Chobot (1967–68)
Karel Kolský (1969–70)
Jiří Rubáš (1970–75)
Tomáš Pospíchal (1975–77)
Jaroslav Dočkal (1977–78)
Svatopluk Pluskal (1978–79)
Josef Žaloudek (1979–??)
Václav Rys
Zdeněk Michálek (1993–95)
Jaroslav Hřebík (1995–96)
Antonín Dvořák (1996–97)
Petr Uličný (1997–99)
Milan Šíp (1999)
Luboš Urban (1999–2000)
Miroslav Koubek (Oct 2000 – 01)
Petr Rada (Dec 2001 – Oct 2002)
Zdeněk Michálek (Oct 2002 – May 2003)
František Cipro (May 2003 – May 2004)
Martin Pulpit (May 2004 – May 2005)
Zdeněk Michálek (May 2005 – April 2006)
František Straka (April 2006 – May 2006)
Michal Bílek (July 2006 – Sept 2006)
Stanislav Levý (Oct 2006 – April 2008)
Karel Krejčí (April 2008 – May 2008)
Jaroslav Šilhavý (July 2008 – Oct 2008)
Pavel Vrba (Oct 2008 – Dec 2013)
Dušan Uhrin Jr. (Dec 2013 – Aug 2014)
Miroslav Koubek (Aug 2014 – Aug 2015)
Karel Krejčí (Aug 2015 – May 2016)
Roman Pivarník (May 2016 – April 2017)
Zdeněk Bečka (April 2017 – June 2017)
Pavel Vrba (Jun 2017 – Dec 2019)
Adrián Guľa (Dec 2019 – May 2021)
Michal Bílek (May 2021 – present)
History in domestic competitions
Seasons spent at Level 1 of the football league system: 24
Seasons spent at Level 2 of the football league system: 4
Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 0
Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 0
Czech Republic
History in European competitions
The following is a list of the all-time statistics from Plzeň's games in the three UEFA tournaments it has participated in, as well as the overall total. The list contains the tournament, the number of seasons (S), games played (P), won (W), drawn (D) and lost (L). The statistics include qualification matches.
As of 2 August 2018.
Honours
National
Czech First League
Winners (6): 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2021–22
Runners-up: 2013–14, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2019–20
Czech Cup
Winners (1): 2009–10
Runners-up: 2013–14, 2020–21
Czech Supercup
Winners (2): 2011, 2015
Runners-up: 2010, 2013, 2014
Czech 2. Liga
Winners (1): 2002–03
Club records
Czech First League records
Best position: 1st (2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2021–22)
Worst position: 16th (2000–01, 2003–04)
Biggest home win: Plzeň 7–0 Ústí nad Labem (2010–11), Plzeň 7–0 Teplice (2020–21)
Biggest away win: Ústí nad Labem 0–5 Plzeň (2010–11)
Biggest home defeat: Plzeň 1–5 Drnovice (1997–98), Plzeň 0–4 Příbram (2003–04), Plzeň 0–4 Slavia Prague (2006–07), Plzeň 0–4 Ostrava (2007–08), Plzeň 0–4 Olomouc (2011–12)
Biggest away defeat: Ostrava 6–0 Plzeň (2005–06)
References
External links
* Official club website
Football clubs in the Czech Republic
Association football clubs established in 1911
Czechoslovak First League clubs
Czech First League clubs |
4036425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay%20Boys | Bombay Boys | Bombay Boys is a 1998 Indian cult comedy film written and directed by the Indian director Kaizad Gustad. It follows the adventures of three young men in modern-day Mumbai (or Bombay). The boys are of Indian origin, but were all raised in the West. Krishna Sahni (played by Naveen Andrews) is an aspiring actor from New York City who wants to make it big in Bollywood. Ricardo Fernandes (Rahul Bose) is from Sydney, Australia and is in Mumbai to search for his long-lost brother. Finally, Xerxes Mistry (Alexander Gifford), a musician from London, is looking to discover his "roots" in the land of his ancestors.
Synopsis
The three meet each other for the first time at Mumbai's airport and decide to find a place together. In the course of the movie, Krishna finds out that, in order to break into the local film industry, he must first win the (decidedly risky) patronage of Don Mastana (Naseeruddin Shah), a godfather of the Mumbai underworld who's also a film producer. Mastana is a violent man who thinks nothing of impaling a lizard with a knife or shattering the skull of a fellow crime boss for making a pass at his girlfriend.
Ricardo, the serious-looking Australian, finds out the sad fate of his brother, but also manages to fall in love with Mastana's spunky moll Dolly (Tara Deshpande), igniting further flames. Xerxes, who's a Parsi, is led to embrace his latent homosexuality by their gay landlord (Roshan Seth).
Cast
Naveen Andrews ... Krishna Sahni
Rahul Bose ... Ricardo Fernandes
Alexander Gifford ... Xerxes Mistry
Naseeruddin Shah ... Don Mastana
Tara Deshpande ... Dolly
Roshan Seth ... Pesi
Tarun Shahani ... Danny
Luke Kenny ... Xavier
Vinay Pathak ... Spot-boy turned director
Kushal Punjabi ... Asif
Javed Jaffrey ... Special appearance in item song "MUMBHAI"
Nagesh Bhosle ... Cherry Blossom Kalia
Production
Bombay Boys, which took four years to complete, was filmed on location in Mumbai's bars, slums and markets. The film was made on a limited budget; director Kaizad Gustad financed the film with credit cards as well as by borrowing money from his family and friends.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ashutosh Phatak, Dhruv Ghanekar and released by Sony Music India.
Critical reception
The film was subjected to criticism for its homosexuality and profanity. Film critic Yashodhara Pawar stated the film as "The harmful and immature portrayal of ethnic groups in films is an issue for not just South Asians in the global media but also the local and tribal productions in individual countries.". Another film critic Tanmeet Kumar from Planet Bollywood, stated that the film has portrayed India as "Americanized India". Tara Deshpande's performance was praised. Pradeep Sebastian of Deccan Herald wrote that "Going by the crowds flocking to see it, it[']s clear that Indian audiences have begun to expect good things from Indian English films. But this is one they are going to be disappointed with".
References
External links
1990s crime comedy films
Indian-American films
English-language Indian films
Films set in Mumbai
Indian crime comedy films
Indian LGBT-related films
1990s Hindi-language films
Indian gangster films
Gay-related films
Films about Bollywood
1998 LGBT-related films
1998 films
Asian-American comedy films
1998 comedy films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
4036426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FK%20Ban%C3%ADk%20Most%201909 | FK Baník Most 1909 | FK Baník Most 1909 was a Czech football club based in the city of Most, approximately 75 kilometres north-west of Prague. The club played top-flight football for the first time in their history in the 2005–06 Czech First League.
The club's home stadium is Fotbalový stadion Josefa Masopusta, which was built in 1961. The opening match of the new stadium was played on 24 May 1961 against English side Liverpool F.C., which won against Most 4–1.
In 2011, Baník Most signed an agreement whereby Arsenal Česká Lípa would function as their farm team.
History
Historical names
1909 — SK Most (full name: Sportovní klub Most)
1948 — ZSJ Uhlomost Most (full name: Základní sportovní jednota Uhlomost Most)
1953 — DSO Baník Most (full name: Dobrovolná sportovní organizace Baník Most)
1961 — TJ Baník Most (full name: Tělovýchovná jednota Baník Most)
1979 — TJ Baník SHD Most (full name: Tělovýchovná jednota Baník Severočeské hnědouhelné doly Most)
1993 — FK Baník SHD Most (full name: Fotbalový klub Baník Severočeské hnědouhelné doly Most)
1995 — FC MUS Most 1996 (full name: Football Club Mostecká uhelná společnost Most 1996, a.s.)
2003 — FK SIAD Most (full name: Fotbalový klub SIAD Most, a.s.)
2008 — FK Baník Most
2013 — FK Baník Most 1909
Early history and Lower League Football
The club was founded on 19 May 1909, and there were very basic beginnings. Football activity in Most would be interrupted for significant periods of time during World War I and World War II, but even long thereafter, the quality of football in Most remained modest, as Most would play in the lower Czechoslovak leagues from the 1950s all the way through to the 1980s.
In the 1990s though, Most earned two promotions – first to the Bohemian Football League, the third-highest league in the country, then, in the 1996/97 season, to the Czech 2. Liga.
SIAD ownership and First Division Football
In the spring of 2003 the club was bought by Italian industrial gas company SIAD, and the Italian company's involvement sparked a modestly but increasingly successful new era for the club. The club took the name "FK SIAD Most" from the 2003/04 season.
By winning the 2. liga championship in the 2004/05 season, Most finally gained promotion to the Czech First League, for the 2005/06 season. Extensive reconstruction of the club's stadium – which included the installation of a new pitch, 7,500 seats, and floodlights – was completed in time for the club's first match in the top flight. After a slow start, manager Přemysl Bičovský was dismissed, making way for the arrival of Zdeněk Ščasný. Scasny – a highly regarded manager, who had previously been in charge of Czech clubs AC Sparta Prague and FK Viktoria Žižkov and Greek clubs OFI Crete and Panathinaikos FC – helped the club hold its position in the Czech First League, guiding the team to a respectable 10th place in the table.
For the 2006/07 season, the club had high expectations, with the ultimate goal being to finish in the top half of the table, but inconsistency would plague the team throughout the season. The team seemed capable of competing with the league's top sides, especially at home – Most managed to draw with AC Sparta Prague (eventual league champions), defeat Slavia Prague (eventual runners-up) and was overall unbeaten at home against the clubs who would finish in the top 5 league positions – but the team was less efficient when playing away from home, and an even bigger problem was an inability to consistently take full advantage of the relatively weaker sides of the league. This translated into Most finishing the season with a league-high 16 draws, good enough only for a somewhat disappointing 12th place in the league, but the club's top-flight status was secured once again.
At the end of the season the club and manager Zdeněk Ščasný mutually decided to end their relationship, and the club hired Robert Žák, who had previously been in charge of the club's youth set-up.
Honours
Czech 2. Liga
Winners (1): 2004–05
Czech Cup
Semifinals: 2001–02
Players
Current squad
Managers and players
Head coaches in club's history
Head coaches in club's history
2004 Přemysl Bičovský
2005 Zdeněk Ščasný
2007 Robert Žák
2009 Martin Pulpit
2010 Jorge Aňon
2011 Michal Zach
2013 Zbyněk Busta
2013 Pavel Chaloupka
2014 Vít Raszyk
2014 Wolfgang Jerat
2015 Pavel Medynský
2015 Robert Vágner
2016 Stanislav Hofmann
Notable former players
Patrik Gedeon
Petr Johana
Josef Masopust
Jiří Novotný
Horst Siegl
Jiří Štajner
Goce Toleski
Martin Vaniak
History in domestic competitions
Seasons spent at Level 1 of the football league system: 3
Seasons spent at Level 2 of the football league system: 15
Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 7
Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 1
Czech Republic
Notes
References
External links
Defunct football clubs in the Czech Republic
Association football clubs established in 1909
Association football clubs disestablished in 2016
Czech First League clubs
Mining association football clubs in the Czech Republic
1909 establishments in Austria-Hungary
2016 disestablishments in the Czech Republic |
4036431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Burmester | Mark Burmester | Mark Greville Burmester (born 24 January 1968, Durban, South Africa) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in 3 Tests and 8 ODIs between 1992 and 1995. He played in Zimbabwe's inaugural Test, opening the bowling he became the first Zimbabwean to take a Test wicket. He is a past student of Eaglesvale High School.
In February 2020, he was named in Zimbabwe's squad for the Over-50s Cricket World Cup in South Africa. However, the tournament was cancelled during the third round of matches due to the coronavirus pandemic.
His son, Dean Burmester, is a professional golfer.
References
External links
Cricinfo: a short biography
1968 births
Living people
Cricketers from Durban
Alumni of Eaglesvale High School
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Manicaland cricketers
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
White Zimbabwean sportspeople |
4036432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Crocker | Gary Crocker | Gary John Crocker (born 16 May 1962) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in three Test matches and six One Day Internationals in 1992 and 1993. He is a past student of Hamilton High School.
Born in Bulawayo, Crocker played in Zimbabwe's first ever Test match, at Harare in 1992. Crocker retired from international cricket in 1993, and due to the political instability and economic meltdown in Zimbabwe he immigrated to the United States. Crocker currently resides in Los Angeles and plays social cricket for the Hollywood Cricket Club. His son Sean is a professional golfer.
References
External links
1962 births
Cricketers from Bulawayo
Zimbabwean people of British descent
Living people
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Zimbabwean emigrants to the United States |
4036435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michal%20Tabara | Michal Tabara | Michal Tabara (born 16 October 1979) is a former tennis player from the Czech Republic, who turned professional in 1997. The right-hander has won one singles title (2001, Chennai) so far in his career. Tabara reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 23 July 2001, when he became world No. 47.
Tabara was involved in a minor controversy at the 2001 US Open. After losing a first-round match to Justin Gimelstob in five sets, Tabara, who was allegedly frustrated by Gimelstob's frequent injury time-outs, spat in Gimelstob's direction as they approached the net to shake hands. Tabara was subsequently fined $1,000 for unsportmanslike behavior.
Tennis career
Juniors
As a junior Tabara reached as high as No. 9 in the junior world singles rankings in 1996 (and No. 24 in doubles).
Singles titles
Wins (1)
Doubles titles
Wins (1)
References
External links
Michal Tabara stats
1979 births
Living people
Czech male tennis players
People from Uherské Hradiště
Sportspeople from the Zlín Region |
4036439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%20Hng%20Kiang | Lim Hng Kiang | Lim Hng Kiang (; born 9 April 1954) is a Singaporean retired politician who served as Minister for Trade and Industry between 2004 and 2018, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office between 2003 and 2004, Minister for Health between 1999 and 2003 and Minister for National Development between 1994 and 1999. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tanjong Pagar GRC between 1991 and 1997 and West Coast GRC 1997 and 2020.
Education
Lim was educated in Raffles Institution, before being awarded a President's Scholarship and Singapore Armed Forces Overseas Scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge, where he completed a degree in engineering in 1976. In 1985, Lim was awarded a scholarship to study for a Master of Public Administration degree at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
Career
Lim began his career in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and left with rank of lieutenant-colonel. He later served as a deputy secretary at the Ministry of National Development, and as the chief executive officer (CEO) of the Housing and Development Board (HDB).
Lim was first elected to Parliament in 1991 as an MP for the Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency. Since 1997, he has represented the West Coast Group Representation Constituency (West Coast GRC).
Lim was appointed a Minister of State at the Ministry of National Development in 1991. In 1994, he became the Acting Minister for National Development and Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In 1995, Lim became the Minister for National Development and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs. In 1998, he relinquished the role of Second Minister for Foreign Affairs and became the Second Minister for Finance.
In 1999, Lim became the Minister for Health. He also retained the portfolio of Second Minister for Finance.
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic that swept through the region. Many Singaporeans felt his initial handling of the crisis, citing his lack of leadership and indecisiveness, helped prolong the epidemic that eventually drove the economy into a recession. While then Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said "SARS has significantly disrupted our economy. It has affected not only tourist spending but also domestic consumption... certainly our first half growth will be affected, and we will have to revise down our growth forecasts for the year." Others cited his calls to quarantine patients and to close and extend local school holidays were late in coming.
Many local residents also pointed to the administrators at Tan Tock Seng Hospital for mishandling and underestimating the severity of SARS. When "At least 85 percent of people infected by SARS in Singapore caught it while visiting or working at hospitals", said Osman David Mansoor at the WHO. "The remainder mostly came down with it at home through close contact with sick family members", he said.
In 2003, Lim was made a minister in the Prime Minister's Office. He retained the role of Second Minister for Finance.
Lim was made the Minister for Trade and Industry in 2004. He was subsequently put in charge of trade at the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The ministry was split into two, with Lim taking the trade portfolio and the industry portfolio taken by S. Iswaran.
Lim served as the deputy chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) from 2006 until 2021 and is also a board director of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC).
Lim stepped down from the cabinet on 30 April 2018 and appointed as special advisor to MTI.
During 2020 Singaporean general election, Lim announced his retirement from politics.
Personal life
Lim has two sons. His wife, Lee Ai Boon, died of cancer on 12 April 2014.
References
External links
Ministry of Trade & Industry Official Website – Arquivo.pt
Lim Hng Kiang's profile as member of Singapore Parliament – AbtUs/OrgStr/Members of Parliament/LimHngKiang
MAS Annual Report 2007/2008 – Monetary Authority of Singapore Annual Report 2007/08
MAS: Board and Management
GIC - About Us - GIC Board of Directors
1954 births
Living people
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Members of the Cabinet of Singapore
Members of the Parliament of Singapore
People's Action Party politicians
President's Scholars
Raffles Institution alumni
Singaporean people of Teochew descent
Ministers for Health of Singapore
Ministers for Trade and Industry of Singapore |
4036440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medborgarplatsen | Medborgarplatsen | Medborgarplatsen (literally Citizen Square) is a large city square located near the center of the island of Södermalm in Stockholm, Sweden. The square is often colloquially referred to as "Medis".
Description
The development of the citizen site was due to the railway's progress and the construction of Stockholm South Station (Stockholms södra) in the late 1850s. Near the square is a Medborgarplatsen metro station. The station was opened as an underground tram station in 1933, and was converted for the new metro system in 1950 as one of the first stations on the network. The original exits did not open onto the square, but to the nearby street Folkungagatan. An entrance was opened on to Björns trädgård on November 29, 1995.
The square has become a common place for demonstrations. On May Day, the Left Party usually start their parade from there, and are accompanied by other smaller leftist and communist parties as they walk to Kungsträdgården. In 2001, Hammarby Fotboll celebrated its first victory in the Allsvenskan in front of about 35,000 supporters in the square.
Medborgarplatsen has a small ice-skating rink which is turned into a terrace with benches in the summer. On one corner of the square there is a substantial public library, and diagonally across on another corner the 17th century Lillienhoff Palace.
Medborgarplatsen is also where Anna Lindh, the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs, held her last public speech before she was assassinated on September 10, 2003. In 2004, a memorial monument to Anna Lindh was erected at the square.
References
Squares in Stockholm
no:Medborgarplatsen tunnelbanestasjon |
4036445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Pycroft | Andy Pycroft | Andrew John Pycroft (born 6 June 1956) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in 3 Test matches and 20 One Day Internationals from 1983 to 1992.
Domestic career
He played for Rhodesia prior to Zimbabwe's independence. He also represented the Zimbabwean team (1980 onwards) and the Western Province in the South African domestic competition.
After cricket
In March 2006 Pycroft was appointed coach of the Zimbabwe A side, a role he kept until August 2008 when he was sacked along with first-team coach Robin Brown.
Pycroft became a member of the Elite Panel of ICC Match Referees in March 2009.
See also
Elite Panel of ICC Referees
References
1956 births
Living people
Cricketers from Harare
Zimbabwean people of British descent
White Rhodesian people
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
South African Universities cricketers
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
Cricket match referees |
4036446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm%20Jarvis | Malcolm Jarvis | Malcolm Peter Jarvis (born 6 December 1955) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in five Test matches and 12 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for the Zimbabwe national cricket team between 1987 and 1995. In the course of his short Test career Jarvis took over the Test match record for the most wickets in a complete career (11) with all dismissals being caught.
Jarvis' son, Kyle Jarvis, plays for the Zimbabwean national team. Jarvis now runs a guesthouse in Borrowdale near Harare with his wife.
References
1955 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Masvingo
Mashonaland cricketers
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
Rhodesia cricketers
White Zimbabwean sportspeople |
4036452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia%20Styger | Nadia Styger | Nadia Styger (born 11 December 1978, in Zug) is a former Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer.
Styger won a total of four Alpine Skiing World Cup races. She was several times Swiss champion in downhill and super-G. She won a bronze medal as part of the Swiss team at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 2007 with Sandra Gini, Rabea Grand, Fabienne Suter, Daniel Albrecht and Marc Berthod.
World Cup victories
Footnotes
External links
Official website
News and related people on NamePedia
1978 births
Swiss female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers of Switzerland¨
People from Zug
Sportspeople from the canton of Zug
Living people |
4036455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broos | Broos | Broos can have the following meanings:
Orăştie, (German: Broos, Hungarian: Szászváros), city in south-western Transylvania, Romania
Broos (film), a 1997 Dutch film
See also
Bros (disambiguation)
Bruce (disambiguation) |
4036458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20in%20Uniform | Women in Uniform | "Women in Uniform" is a 1978 song by the Australian band Skyhooks; it was written by the band's bass guitar player, Greg Macainsh. It was released in February 1978 as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Guilty Until Proven Insane and peaked at number 8 in Australian and number 73 in the UK.
Reception
Sounds said, "Australian pre-New Wavers try to stay up to date and succeed far enough. So far, so neat, but the beat is matched only by the girl(?) vocalist and not by any traces of lyrical/tuneful dexterity." Rip It Up claimed the song benefited from the "hard rock" production from new producer Leonetti and, "would almost certainly have been a hit single if radio-land could have heard it through 18-inch speakers." The Sydney Morning Herald described it as, "a number which has already made an impact as a twelve-inch single. It's a good lyric. Perhaps it is a prophetic comment on woman-power."
Track listings
Australian 7" single (K-7062)/ 12" single (X 11810)
United Kingdom 7" single (United Artists Records – UP 36508)
Charts
Iron Maiden version
Iron Maiden's cover version of the song was the band's third single and their last recorded work with the guitarist Dennis Stratton. It was released on 27 October 1980 in order to promote the second British leg of their Iron Maiden Tour. The song was also included on the Australian edition of their second album, Killers, as it was originally a number eight hit in Australia for Skyhooks in 1978. In 1990, the 12" version was reissued on CD and 12" vinyl as part of The First Ten Years box set, in which it was combined with their following single, "Twilight Zone".
The idea to cover the song was suggested by the band's publishing company, Zomba, who arranged studio time at Battery Studios with AC/DC producer Tony Platt. Although sceptical at first about recording a song that was so different from the band's style, the bass guitarist, Steve Harris, conceded when Platt was hired, surmising that "as he worked with AC/DC and that, I thought, 'Oh, you know, fine. He's not gonna pull us in any commercial direction.'" After trying to create their own "heavy" version of the song, to Harris' dismay he found out that Platt, with help from Stratton, had been tampering with the song's mix as he had been briefed by Zomba to "try and get a hit single". As a result, Platt was dismissed and Harris remixed the track himself.
Although the intended mix was restored, the band has routinely mentioned their dislike of the single, with Harris vowing "never, ever, ever to allow anyone outside to fuck around with our music again". As a result, its only appearance on CD is as part of The First Ten Years series and a rare 1995 2CD issue of Killers, meaning that the song does not appear remastered. However, its B-Side, "Invasion", appears remastered on the Best of the 'B' Sides compilation.
"Women in Uniform" was also the basis of the band's first music-video, directed by Doug Smith and filmed at the Rainbow Theatre. Considered an unusual project for a band to undertake in the years before MTV, the filming was Stratton's last contribution for the band.
The single's cover has an image of Margaret Thatcher with a Sterling submachine gun, preparing to attack the group's mascot, Eddie, as he walks the streets with two young women. According to the band, the cover was a joke which was meant to ask whether her motive was through jealousy or revenge (following the infamous "Sanctuary" artwork that showed Eddie killing Thatcher), which managed to cause further controversy as, according to the Liverpool Daily Post, a group of "screaming, chanting, banner-carrying feminists" led a demonstration during Iron Maiden's show at Leeds University on 22 November 1980.
The song is one of only five Iron Maiden songs to fade out, the others being "Stranger in a Strange Land" from Somewhere in Time, "The Prophecy" from Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, "Hell on Earth" from Senjutsu, and "Kill Me Ce Soir", a cover version of a Golden Earring song that was released as the B-side to the "Holy Smoke" single in 1990. The German 12" release of the single included a live version of "Drifter" (from the "Sanctuary" single) instead of "Invasion" and had a different cover, a cropped version of the band's Iron Maiden album artwork.
Track listing
7" single
12" single
German 12" single
Personnel
Paul Di'Anno – vocals
Dave Murray – guitar
Dennis Stratton – guitar, backing vocals
Steve Harris – bass guitar, backing vocals
Clive Burr – drums
Chart performance
Notes
Other cover versions
The Whitlams performed this song at the 1998 ARIA Awards and released a limited edition single the following year, which also included "High Ground" and "1999".
Paul Di'Anno - who sang for Iron Maiden when they recorded their version - recorded a version for his album, The Classics - The Maiden Years, in 2006.
References
1978 songs
1980 singles
Skyhooks (band) songs
Iron Maiden songs
Mushroom Records singles
Songs written by Greg Macainsh |
4036463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastas%20Jovanovi%C4%87 | Anastas Jovanović | Anastas Jovanović (, 1817 – 1 November 1899) was a Serbian photographer and author.
Biography
Jovanović, was of Bulgarian origin and during his life he always felt himself a Bulgarian and at the same time a Serb. He was born in Vratsa, an important administrative and garrison city under Ottoman rule in 1817. When Anastas was 9 years old, his father sent him to continue his education in Belgrade, where his uncle worked at the Prince Obrenović sewing studio. In 1830, after the death of Anastas' father, his family moved to Belgrade. But only after one year his uncle who was their support died too.
Anastas' son Konstantin Jovanović (1849–1923) was a prominent architect. Anastas's daughter Katarina Jovanović was a prominent Serbian to German translator.
He was awarded the Order of Prince Danilo I.
Gallery
References
External links
Examples and Overview
Biography
Serbian photographers
19th-century Serbian artists
1817 births
1899 deaths
People from Vratsa
Bulgarian emigrants to Serbia
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni |
4036464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Shah | Ali Shah | Ali Hassimshah Omarshah (born 7 August 1959), known as Ali Shah , is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer. An all-rounder who batted left-handed and bowled right-arm medium pace, Shah played in three Test matches and 28 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for Zimbabwe between 1983 and 1996, and was the first non-white player to represent the country. He was educated at Morgan High School.
International career
Shah played in three Cricket World Cups, in 1983, 1987 and 1992, and was also a member of the team that won the ICC Trophy in 1986 and 1990. Towards the end of his career, he played domestically for Mashonaland in the Logan Cup.
After cricket
After retiring from playing, Shah became a television commentator and a selector of the national team. He was removed from the latter role in 2004 following the sacking of captain Heath Streak.
References
1959 births
Living people
Cricketers from Harare
Zimbabwean people of Indian descent
Mashonaland cricketers
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup |
4036465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Brain | David Brain | David Hayden Brain (born 4 October 1964 in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in 9 Tests and 23 ODIs from 1992 to 1995.
Brain's bowling helped Zimbabwe win their first-ever match in test cricket against Pakistan in 1995, ending with a bowling record of 3-50.
References
1964 births
Living people
Mashonaland cricketers
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Cricketers from Harare
White Zimbabwean sportspeople |
4036467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20Kratochvil | Michel Kratochvil | Michel Frank Kratochvil (born 7 April 1979) is a former tennis player from Switzerland. He was a member of the Swiss Davis Cup Team between 2000–2004 with a singles record 3–9, winning the decider in the first round of the 2003 World Group against Martin Verkerk of Netherlands 1–6, 7–6, 7–6, 6–1. He played doubles alongside Roger Federer in the 2002 Gstaad Open who was the defending champion but lost in the first round this time. He also defeated reigning champion Andre Agassi in the first round 2002 Indian Wells Masters.
Singles finals
ATP Tour (0–2)
Challenger and Futures (5–5)
Doubles finals
Grand Slam performance timeline
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bern
Swiss people of Czech descent
Swiss male tennis players
People from Ostermundigen |
4036473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin%20Briant | Gavin Briant | Gavin Aubrey Briant (born 11 April 1969 in Salisbury - now Harare) is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer. Briant was a right-handed batsman and a cover fielder who also occasionally kept wicket. He played one Test match and five One Day Internationals for the Zimbabwe national cricket team in February and March 1993, and was also a member of the team that won the ICC Trophy in 1990. Briant played some second XI cricket for Worcestershire County Cricket Club in 1989, and the following year scored 103 not out for Zimbabwe B against England A. His scores for the full Zimbawbean team were more modest; his top score in both Test cricket and One Day Internationals was 16.
References
1969 births
Living people
Mashonaland cricketers
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Cricketers from Harare
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Wicket-keepers |
4036474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regressus | Regressus | Regressus is the second studio album by German Power metal group Mystic Prophecy.
Track listing
All lyrics by: R.D Liapakis
All music by: R.D. Liapakis & Gus G.,
except track 6 by: Albrecht
All songs arranged by: R.D. Liapakis & Gus G.
"Calling From Hell" - 4:31
"Eternal Flame" - 4:44
"Lords Of Pain" - 4:30
"Sign Of The Cross" - 4:01
"Night Of The Storm" - 4:24
"The Traveller (Instrumental)" - 0:50
"In Your Sins" - 4:56
"Forgotten Soul" - 3:36
"When Demons Return"- 4:44
"Regressus / Lost In Time" - 5:24
"Mystic Prophecy" - 4:27
"The Land Of The Dead" - 4:43
"Fighting the World" (Cover)
Album line-up
Roberto Dimitri Liapakis - Vocals
Gus G. - Guitars
Martin Albrecht - Bass
Dennis Ekdahl - Drums
2003 albums
Mystic Prophecy albums
Nuclear Blast albums |
4036477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Charles%20Walters%20Company | John Charles Walters Company | The John Charles Walters Company was a production company formed in 1978 by four former employees of MTM Enterprises: James L. Brooks, David Davis, Stan Daniels and Ed. Weinberger. The company existed from 1978 until 1983 and produced the TV show Taxi.
The foursome who created John Charles Walters were part of the creative team that produced The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spinoff Phyllis, as well as The Betty White Show among others, during the 1970s. They were lured away by Paramount following the end of The Mary Tyler Moore Show'''s run. Paramount financed the John Charles Walters Company during its existence.
The company also produced The Associates, a TV sitcom about a small group of young Wall Street lawyers which ran during the 1979 television season starring Martin Short. The show lasted for nine of the 13 episodes produced, but received two Golden Globe nominations after its cancelation.
Company name
According to a 2003 interview, James L. Brooks said that the company was named the John Charles Walters Company because the foursome "wanted a venerable Protestant name." The book Hailing Taxi indicates that the partners discovered an old pub sign that said "Charles Walters." They bought it in order to make it their logo, but then discovered that there was a director in Hollywood named Charles Walters. They added the name John to avoid legal problems.
The only known existence of Walters appears at the end of both Taxi and The Associates''. In the end credits, the back of Walters is seen leaving his office while a female voice off-screen wishes him good night (with the words "Night, Mr. Walters!" or "Merry Christmas, Mr. Walters!" in holiday-themed episodes); Walters merely groans in response while he puts his hat on as he exits. Ed. Weinberger provided the voice of Walters during the sequence. The woman is Weinberger's actual assistant.
References
External links
Museum of Broadcast Communications- Ed Weinberger profile
nbcnews.com - TV Vanity Cards (includes John Charles Walters)
Walters
Television production companies of the United States |
4036478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujesh%20Ranchod | Ujesh Ranchod | Ujesh Ranchod (born 17 May 1969) is a Zimbabwean former cricketer who played in one Test and three One Day International (ODI) matches from 1992 to 1993. His only international Test wicket came when he dismissed Sachin Tendulkar on 13 March 1993 in Delhi. His Test match debut was also his maiden first-class match.
References
1969 births
Living people
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Cricketers from Harare
Zimbabwean people of Indian descent |
4036481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Mills%20%28musician%29 | Alan Mills (musician) | Alan Mills, CM, (born Albert Miller; September 7, 1912 or 1913 – June 14, 1977 ) was a Canadian folksinger, writer, and actor. He was best known for popularizing Canadian folk music, and for his original song, I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly. He appeared on several radio and television programs and in movies.
Career
As a young man, Mills worked as a newspaperman. He left this work in about 1940 and took a job in radio. He hosted a show for CBC radio on which he played Canadian folk music.
Mills began singing and recording traditional music from Canada, accompanying himself on guitar. His first album, Let's Sing a Little, was released by RCA Victor. He composed the classic folk song I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly (with lyrics by Rose Bonne) which was later recorded by Burl Ives, Peter Paul and Mary and many others. He published a book, The Alan Mills Book of Folk Songs and Ballads, in 1949. His recordings of authentic traditional music were reviewed by Oscar Brand in the Saturday Review of Music, and included in a number of folk music compilation albums.
Mills was signed to take part in tour of the United States in 1960, and that year performed at the Newport Folk Festival.
He was made a Member of the Order of Canada in 1974 for his contributions to Canadian folklore. Mills has also released several albums on Folkways Records of Canadian and French folk songs.
Discography
n.d.
"Chansons a Boire'
[Venus VL 301]
Notes
External links
Discography for Alan Mills on Folkways
"Alan Mills, Collaborator and Friend" by Edith Fowke, Canadian Folk Music Bulletin 30.3 (1996)
1910s births
1977 deaths
People from Lachine, Quebec
Members of the Order of Canada
Canadian folklorists
Canadian folk singers
Canadian songwriters
Musicians from Montreal
Writers from Montreal
20th-century Canadian male singers |
4036483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Bruk-Jackson | Glen Bruk-Jackson | Glen Keith Bruk-Jackson (born 25 April 1969) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer.
A right-handed batsman, Bruk-Jackson played in two Test matches and one One Day International for Zimbabwe, all during their tour of Pakistan in December 1993. He played domestically for Mashonaland Country Districts and later Mashonaland.
1969 births
Living people
Alumni of Falcon College
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Cricketers from Harare
White Zimbabwean sportspeople |
4036487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzan | Cruzan | Cruzan can mean:
The alternate spelling of Crucian:
a native of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
the native dialect spoken on that island, also known as Virgin Islands Creole
Cruzan Rum, a rum produced on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Nancy Cruzan, a key figure in the right-to-die movement
Cruzan Amphitheatre, a 19,000-seat open-air music venue in West Palm Beach, Florida
Language and nationality disambiguation pages |
4036490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvan%20Zurbriggen | Silvan Zurbriggen | Silvan Zurbriggen (born 15 August 1981) is a retired Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer who competed primarily in downhill and combined, and occasionally in super-G. In 2012, he stopped competing in slalom due to poor results.
Born in Brig, Valais, Zurbriggen represented Switzerland in seven world championships and two Olympics. He won the silver medal in the slalom before a home crowd at the world championships in 2003 at St. Moritz, and was the Olympic bronze medalist in the combined in 2010 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, held at Whistler. Following his silver medal at age 21, he was the Swiss Winter Sportsman of the year in 2002 / 2003.
Zurbriggen retired from World Cup competition in April 2015 at age 33 with two victories and thirteen podiums. He is a distant cousin of former Swiss ski racers Pirmin Zurbriggen and Heidi Zurbriggen, and the cousin of Elia Zurbriggen.
Following his racing career, he embarked on a career in banking with an 18-month internship at Raiffeisen.
World Cup results
Season standings
Race podiums
2 wins – (1 Downhill, 1 Combined)
13 podiums – (2 Downhill, 3 Slalom, 8 Combined)
World Championship results
Olympic results
References
External links
Silvan Zurbriggen World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
Swiss male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
1981 births
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers of Switzerland
Olympic bronze medalists for Switzerland
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Brig-Glis
Sportspeople from Valais |
4036492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Lim | Raymond Lim | Raymond Lim Siang Keat (, born 24 June 1959) is a former Singaporean politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), Lim has been a Member of Parliament (MP) representing the East Coast Group Representation Constituency for Fengshan from 2001 to 2015. He served as the Minister for Transport from 2006 to 2011, and as a Minister in the Prime Minister's Office from 2005 to 2006. He retired from politics in 2015.
Education
Lim was a Rhodes Scholar and Colombo Plan scholar and holds degrees from the universities of Adelaide, Oxford and King's College, Cambridge (LLM, 1987). Prior to his university education, he was a student and athlete in Raffles Institution.
Personal life
Lim's brother, Benny Lim Siang Hoe, was with the Internal Security Department, and is also a former Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of National Development.
External links
Lim Siang Keat Raymond Lim Siang Keat at parliament.gov.sg
1959 births
Living people
University of Adelaide alumni
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Members of the Cabinet of Singapore
People's Action Party politicians
Members of the Parliament of Singapore
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean Rhodes Scholars
Ministers for Transport of Singapore |
4036496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Peall | Stephen Peall | Stephen Guy Peall (born 2 September 1969, Harare) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in 4 Tests and 21 ODIs from 1992 to 1996.
References
1969 births
Living people
Cricketers from Harare
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Alumni of Falcon College
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup |
4036499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Rennie%20%28cricketer%29 | John Rennie (cricketer) | John Alexander Rennie (born 29 July 1970) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in four Test matches and 44 One Day Internationals (ODIs) from 1993 to 2000. He played as a swing bowler for the Zimbabwe national side between 1993 and 2000.
Early life
Rennie was born at Fort Victoria in what was then Rhodesia in 1970 and was educated in Salisbury. He attended Hartmann House Preparatory School and then St George's College where he was coached by Robin Stokes and Bill Flower. After playing in the school XI, he joined Old Georgians Cricket Club and played for Zimbabwean representative sides, including the national under-24 side.
Cricket career
A swing bowler who was able to move the ball in the air and bowl in a controlled way, Rennie made his international debut in 1993, playing in all four of Zimbabwe's matches in the 1993 Hero Cup series of ODIs in India, including in the tied match against India when he was the not out batsman as Zimbabwe almost won the match. He made his Test debut later the same year during Zimbabwe's tour of Pakistan, taking the wicket of Shoaib Mohammad on debut. He went on to play for Zimbabwe mainly in one-day cricket, making 44 ODI appearances and playing in only four Test matches before his international career ended in 2000. Ward considers that he was able to succeed largely through hard work and application rather than natural talent.
In domestic cricket, Rennie played for Matabeleland in the Logan Cup between 1993/94 and 2000/01, bowling his side to success in the 1995/96 cup final. He captained the side in several matches during 1996/97 but his career in the storage industry and family commitments cut his cricket career short and Rennie played his final senior matches in 2000/01. He served on the national selection panel for a period, but was removed following Zimbabwe's disappointing performances in the 2011 Cricket World Cup.
Family
Rennie's younger brother, Gavin, also played for Zimbabwe, the pair playing in the same Test team in 1997, John Rennie's final Test match. This was the first time that three sets of brothers had played for the same side in the same Test match, the Rennie brothers playing alongside Grant and Andy Flower and Paul and Bryan Strang.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Matabeleland cricketers
Sportspeople from Masvingo
White Zimbabwean sportspeople |
4036500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Foster%20%28tennis%29 | Andrew Foster (tennis) | Andrew Foster (born 16 March 1972, in Stoke-on-Trent) is a former tennis player from Great Britain.
The right-hander reached the fourth round of Wimbledon in 1993, in only his second appearance at the All England Club. There, he posted his first ever Tour wins over Thomas Enqvist, Luis Herrera and Andrei Olhovskiy. His run ended in the round of 16 at the tournament, losing to the eventual winner, Pete Sampras.
Foster reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles ranking of World No. 184 in January 1994. In doubles, Foster won four Challenger events, reaching as high as No. 174 in November 1993.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
English male tennis players
Sportspeople from Stoke-on-Trent
British male tennis players
Tennis people from Staffordshire |
4036501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAFOS | KAFOS | KAFOS (Karadeniz Fiber Optik Sistemi - Black Sea Fibre Optic System) is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the Black Sea linking Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey.
It has landing points in:
Mangalia, Romania
Varna, Bulgaria
Istanbul, Turkey
it has a transmission capacity of 8 Tbit/s, and a total cable length of 504 km. It started operation on 13 June 1997.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20070930122255/http://foptnet.ge/map2eng.htm Map of the cable system (3 Systems BSFOCS, KAFOS, & ITUR)
Submarine communications cables in the Black Sea
Bulgaria–Turkey relations
Bulgaria–Romania relations
Romania–Turkey relations
Optical telecommunications cables
Internet in Bulgaria
1997 establishments in Bulgaria
1997 establishments in Romania
1997 establishments in Turkey |
4036502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Adder%20%28Blackadder%29 | The Black Adder (Blackadder) | "The Black Adder" is the unaired pilot episode of the BBC television series Blackadder. Taped on 20 June 1982, it features the original incarnation of the character Edmund Blackadder, played by Rowan Atkinson. Following this pilot, The Black Adder eventually went into production and the first six-part series was broadcast in 1983, but with a number of changes to the casting, characterisation and plot; while the transmitted series was set in 1485 and the years following the Battle of Bosworth Field, this untransmitted pilot was set in 16th century, apparently during the Elizabethan Era.
A close adaptation of the script of the pilot episode was used for the second episode of the first series, "Born to Be King", which contains many similar characters, situations and lines to the pilot.
Production
Like the first series, "The Black Adder", it was written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson. However, the episode features a number of major differences to the aired first series.
Historical setting and characters
The pilot episode is introduced with on-screen scrolling text which announces that the setting is ‘Europe, 400 years ago’ which, based on the date of production, places the episode during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. In this respect, and in the design of the sets and costumes, the pilot bears much resemblance to the second series, Blackadder II (1986), which was also set during the Elizabethan era. However, the historical connections are vague in the pilot episode; while the costume, jewellery and hairstyle of the Queen bear a strong resemblance to that of Elizabeth I, the reigning monarchs are cast anonymously as "the Queen" and "the King" and no reference is made to their actual identities. Even if the character of the Queen is intended to be Elizabeth I, the King and their two sons, Princes Henry and Edmund, would be entirely fictitious characters, as Elizabeth I neither married nor bore offspring. (It is also worth noting that the episode states that Prince Harry was born in 1526 – seven years before the real Elizabeth I – which would imply the episode is set in around 1550 and that the line ‘400 years ago’ is only very approximate).
In the version of The Black Adder which was eventually televised in 1983, the setting is shifted back some 100 years to 1485, and the King is clearly identified as King Richard IV, a fictional successor to Richard III who rules England with his Queen, the fictional Gertrude of Flanders, during a rewritten period of history. The character of Queen Elizabeth I was later revisited in Blackadder II, when Miranda Richardson played the role of Queenie, a skittish caricature of the Virgin Queen.
Cast
Another major difference to the first series is the cast – most notably, comic actor Philip Fox plays the character Baldrick, rather than Tony Robinson, who was to play the role in all subsequent series. John Savident plays the role of the King, who was replaced by Brian Blessed for the first series. Prince Harry is played by Robert Bathurst instead of Robert East. The rest of the cast (Atkinson, Tim McInnerny as Percy and Elspet Gray as the Queen) were reunited for the commissioned series.
Production team
The pilot was directed by Geoff Posner, who was the director of the last series of Not the Nine O'Clock News. The producer was the then head of Comedy Department, John Howard Davies; but this was a temporary measure because John Lloyd, who had co-produced Not The Nine O'Clock News, was working on a special with Pamela Stephenson. When the series was commissioned, Lloyd took over the producer's role. A unique instrumental version of the "Blackadder" theme by Howard Goodall was used, performed by an orchestra and harpsichord. A revised arrangement, featuring mock-heroic lyrics, was used for the first series.
Plot
The episode opens with a rendition of the now-familiar Blackadder theme, followed by an on-screen narrative text:
The action opens with Prince Harry, the King, and the Queen discussing the war with the Spanish. They hope it will soon be over so they can fight the French. The Queen is in high spirits, as it is her birthday and she has been given the county of Shropshire as a present.
Prince Edmund, Duke of York is in his chambers with his servants Percy and Baldrick. He is clearly unhappy about the task he has been given, which is to arrange the festivities for both the Queen's birthday and the return of the Scottish hero Dougal McAngus to the court. He refers to his brother Henry as ‘the bastard’. Baldrick points out that if Henry actually was a bastard, Edmund would one day be King. When he finds out that the eunuchs scheduled to appear have cancelled, Edmund decides to have them executed. (‘This is a Royal command performance – there are only two options. Either you do it, or you don't do it. If you do it, you don't get paid. If you don't do it, you get beheaded.’)
Later, at a presentation in the great hall, the King gives McAngus all Edmund's lands in Scotland. Edmund is furious, and he, Percy and Baldrick plot to kill McAngus. Percy warns that the King will cut Edmund off if he thinks he has deliberately killed McAngus, so they agree to make it look like an accident. Baldrick suggests putting McAngus's head in the mouth of a cannon and firing it, but Edmund dismisses this as feeble.
Looking for the Scot, Edmund overhears him telling the Queen that his father sends her his regards. Edmund invites McAngus to act as the Scotsman in the play "The Death of the Scotsman", to be performed for the Queen's birthday.
Later, as Edmund is about to start the play, he discovers that McAngus is drunk. Percy and Baldrick begin the play, and are later joined by Edmund and McAngus. In the play, McAngus insults the Queen, then stabs Edmund with a fake telescopic sword. He is sentenced to be hanged from the gallows. Leaving the stage, Edmund instructs Percy and Baldrick to remove the safety hook from the gallows, and warns them that whatever happens, if the Scotsman lives, they will die.
Off-stage, McAngus tells Edmund about hidden love letters from the Queen to McAngus' father, casting doubts on the lineage of Prince Henry. McAngus is back on stage about to be hanged, before Edmund realises he needs him alive to show him the letters. He tries to stop the hanging from off-stage by cutting the noose with a spear, but it fails, so in a last-ditch attempt, he throws a sheet over his head, and enters the stage as the ghost of the Prince. He pleads mercy for the Scotsman, but Percy and Baldrick, mindful of his previous threat, are determined to carry out the execution. A comic fight sequence ensues, which ends with Edmund inadvertently hanging McAngus himself, but then holding him up to stop him choking.
A gleeful Edmund is shown the love letters that his mother wrote. He instructs Baldrick to have the court assembled in the morning, where he reveals the content of the letters which are dated November and December 1526. He begins to falter as he realises that this was nine months after Henry's birth, but nine months before his own; it is he who is illegitimate, not Henry. Edmund tries to pretend that McAngus has forged the letters, and challenges him to a duel to the death. Edmund instructs Baldrick to get the fake telescopic sword for McAngus, but Percy gives Edmund the fake instead. There is a big fight, which culminates in Edmund stabbing McAngus with the fake sword. On finding out that Edmund tried to set him up with the fake sword, McAngus is furious and is about to kill Edmund. When the King begs him for clemency, McAngus agrees, but only if Edmund begs for mercy.
Later, the King, Queen and Henry discuss the letters, which apparently turned out to be French forgeries. Edmund and McAngus are now supposed to be the best of friends. However, up on the tower, McAngus is peering down the barrel of a large cannon, at Edmund's request. Back in the King's chambers, a loud bang is heard. Edmund rushes in to announce that there has been a ‘terrible accident’.
The final shot is of the family coat of arms, inscribed with the motto: Veni Vidi Castratavi Illegitimos (‘I came, I saw, I castrated the bastards’).
Cast
* The role of Rudkin in the series is replaced by that of Lord Chiswick, played by Stephen Tate. However, Chiswick does not appear in "Born to be King."
**The entertainers were "Jumping Jesuits" in the pilot, "Jumping Jews" in the series.
Analysis
One of the most notable things about the pilot is Rowan Atkinson's performance as Edmund Blackadder, which is more akin to the character from the second series than the weaselly plotter from the first series. Richard Curtis is said to have thought the character should be more complex for the initial series, than the swaggering lead as seen in the pilot (and future episodes). Due to the limited budget of the episode, it lacks the location filming of the first series, being instead all shot on interior sets, again in a similar fashion to the second series onwards of Blackadder.
In 2010, The Guardian reflected on this, noting that it was "an interesting example of getting it right first time":
The episode has not been broadcast on television, nor is it available on DVD, although some scenes were featured in the 25th anniversary special Blackadder Rides Again. However, various bootleg copies exist and footage is often seen online.
References
External links
"The Black Adder" (pilot) at Blackadder Hall
Blackadder
Unaired television pilots
1982 British television episodes
Fiction set in the 1550s
Television shows written by Rowan Atkinson |
4036515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T18%20Boarhound | T18 Boarhound | The T18 Boarhound was an American heavy armoured car produced in small numbers for the British Army during the Second World War.
History
In July 1941, the United States Army Ordnance Corps issued specifications for a heavy armored car (along with another specification for a medium armored car, which resulted in the T17 Deerhound and T17E1 Staghound) to be built for supply to the British. The prototype was developed in 1942 by the Yellow Coach Company. It was a large 8x8 (eight wheels, all driven; called an "eight-by-eight") vehicle with four front wheels used for steering. Thick armor brought the weight to 26 tons, about the weight of contemporary medium tanks. Initial armament consisted of a 37 mm gun M6 in a turret with a coaxial .30 inch machine gun and another .30 inch MG in the bow mount. By then, it was clear that the anti-tank performance of the 37 mm gun was insufficient and the production version, the T18E2, which was named Boarhound by the British, received the 57 mm gun M1, the US-manufactured variant of the British QF 6 pounder.
The United States Army had only shown minimal interest in the vehicle and retained the first 3 production vehicles. The British Army placed an order for 2,500 units, but high production costs and poor cross-country performance led to cancellation of the order with only 27 being delivered to North Africa. The T18 was never used widely in combat; however, a number were made use of by defending bases of operation in North Africa, with a few even taking part in convoy operations. There are accounts that a limited few were refitted for special duties in the rear echelon as well. Late in 1942, orders were issued for upwards of some eight Boarhounds to be assigned to the Eighth Army, which used them sparingly as supporting armored vehicles and, to some extent, in reconnaissance roles. None are said to have seen heavy action.
The only surviving vehicle is displayed in The Tank Museum, Bovington, United Kingdom.
Variants
T18 - original version with 37 mm gun.
T18E1 - six-wheeled version. Development stopped January 18, 1943
T18E2 - version with 57 mm gun.
See also
G-numbers
Notes
References
SNL G133
George Forty - World War Two Armoured Fighting Vehicles and Self-Propelled Artillery, Osprey Automotive.
Haugh, David T18E2 data sheet Warwheels.net
R.A.C Technical Situational Reports No 7
External links
Warwheels.net
World War II armoured cars
World War II armored fighting vehicles of the United States
Armoured cars of the United States
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 |
4036518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20K%C3%BCttel | Andreas Küttel | Andreas Küttel (born 25 April 1979) is a Swiss former ski jumper who currently works in the field of sports science at the University of Southern Denmark.
Career
Küttel won five World Cup competitions from 2005 to 2007, and placed third in the overall World Cup in 2006. He won a gold medal in the individual large hill event at the 2009 Ski Jumping World Championships. Küttel also competed at three Winter Olympics, earning his best finish of fifth in the individual normal hill event in 2006.
World Cup
Standings
Wins
References
1979 births
Living people
Olympic ski jumpers of Switzerland
Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Swiss male ski jumpers
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
People from Einsiedeln
Swiss emigrants to Denmark
Sportspeople from the canton of Schwyz |
4036521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Strang | Bryan Strang | Bryan Colin Strang (born 9 June 1972) is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer who played in 26 Test matches and 49 One Day Internationals between 1995 and 2001. His older brother Paul Strang also played international cricket for Zimbabwe.
Domestic career
In 2001, he helped bowl Matabeleland out for a national record low score in first-class cricket of 19 runs, taking 5 wickets for 6.
International career
Strang was a left-arm medium bowler and due to his nagging accuracy was hard to get away in ODI cricket. This earned him a career economy rate of 4.13. His best bowling figures in ODI cricket of 6 for 20, made against Bangladesh in 1997 are a Zimbabwean record.
He played his last game for Zimbabwe in July 2001 and in 2002 he moved to South Africa due to political unrest. He's become a vocal critic of Zimbabwean cricket and during the 2003 World Cup he stated that Zimbabwe should be barred from hosting World Cup matches on moral grounds. As a result, when he attempted a comeback in 2003–04 the Zimbabwean Cricket Union banned him.
Following the lifting of the ban in 2005 Strang made a comeback and was recalled for a training squad ahead of the New Zealand and India tours of Zimbabwe and played for Zimbabwe A against Pakistan A in 2006. However he was later informed by Zimbabwe Cricket that he services were no longer required.
Beyond cricket
In 2008 he received an honorary degree in Sports Sciences from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, making him eligible for their crunch cricket match against the University of Edinburgh in July.
As the years have progressed he has really enjoyed his coaching and teaching. Since returning to Zimbabwe, he went into coaching at schools like Lilfordia School and St. George's College in Harare. He has done lots more coaching at many levels. He really enjoys giving back to the kids of his country in any sport and would like to see them get the best coaching so that they can be the best they can be and enjoy it along the way.
In 2009, he expressed that he is looking for an opportunity to get involved with ZC to contribute more. He wants to coach which he really loves and if he is needed to play, he is more than willing as he thinks that he is enough fit and ready to do so. He thinks that he has still got a lot to offer as a player.
He was involved in teaching at St. John's Prep School in the sports department. He coaches at Lilfordia School, where Alistair Campbell and his father are also heavily involved. He has also opened a business about life skills and goal setting.
At the end of October 2009, he left his school teaching.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Cricketers from Bulawayo
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Alumni of Falcon College
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup |
4036525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Duchess%20%28solitaire%29 | Grand Duchess (solitaire) | Grand Duchess (also known as Duchess de Luynes) is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards. It is a two deck game in the Sir Tommy family. One unique feature of this game is the building of the reserve, which is not used until the entire stock runs out.
Rules
First, four cards are dealt face-up, one onto each tableau pile, and two more cards are dealt face-down on the reserve to be used later. After each deal of six cards, the player pauses to see if any cards are playable. Available for play to the foundations (which are above the four tableau piles) are the top cards of each tableau pile.
As they become available, one ace and one king of each suit are placed in the foundations. The aces are built up to kings while the kings are built down to aces, all by suit. Furthermore, once a foundation card is set, any can be built upon it at any time.
Once the player builds the necessary cards one could, another set of six is dealt: one on each of the four tableau piles and two face-down ones set aside on the reserve. Afterwards, the player builds more cards and the process is repeated until the stock runs out. Once this occurs, the entire reserve is turned face-up. All cards in that reserve become available to be built on the foundations, along with the top cards of each reserve pile.
When play goes on a stand still (when the tableau and the reserve no longer yields playable cards), the player is then entitled to three redeals. To do a redeal, the player picks up first tableau pile and places it over the second pile, picks up that newly formed pile and puts in over the third pile, and these three piles are then laid over the fourth pile. Then, the piles are turned face-down to form the new stock, and the remaining reserve piles are placed under it. On the first two redeals, the process of dealing one card on each of the four tableau piles and two more on the reserve faced down, stopping each time to make any play, and using the reserve when the stock runs out is repeated. But on the last redeal, there is no more reserve; all cards are dealt four at a time, one on each tableau pile.
The game ends soon after the stock runs out in the last redeal. The game is won when all cards end up in the foundations.
Parisienne
Parisienne (also known as La Parisienne or Parisian) is a variant of Grand Duchess. The game is played like Grand Duchess except the before the game starts, one ace and one king of each suit is removed from the deck and placed on the foundations.
References
See also
Sir Tommy
List of solitaires
Glossary of solitaire
Double-deck patience card games
Reserved builders |
4036544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vengeance%20%28Mystic%20Prophecy%20album%29 | Vengeance (Mystic Prophecy album) | Vengeance is the first studio album by German Power metal group Mystic Prophecy. It was originally released on August 24, 2001 by B-Mind Records and reissued in 2003 by Nuclear Blast.
Track listing
"1545 - The Beginning" - 1:02
"Sky's Burning" - 6:45
"Damnation And Darkness" - 4:30
"Welcome (In The Damned Circle)" - 5:29
"Dark Side Of The Moon" - 5:13
"River Of Hate" - 4:45
"In The Mirror" - 5:09
"In The Distance" - 5:02
"When Shadows Fall" - 4:49
"Fallen Angel" - 8:34
Credits
Roberto Dimitri Liapakis-Vocals
Gus G.-Guitars
Martin Albrecht-Bass
Dennis Ekdahl-Drums
2001 albums
Mystic Prophecy albums
Nuclear Blast albums |
4036548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits%20Air%20Freight%20Express | Straits Air Freight Express | Straits Air Freight Express (SAFE) was a cargo airline, established in 1950, named for its Cook Strait focus and connecting the North Island and South Islands of New Zealand's railway systems from the 1950s to the 1970s. The company was renamed Safe Air Limited in 1966 and diversified into aviation maintenance. In 1972 it was bought by the National Airways Corporation, which then merged with Air New Zealand. Safe Air continued to be operated as an independent entity by both owners. It ceased flying in 1990, but has continued to expand as a maintenance facility and now employs approximately 350 staff. In 2015 it was bought by the Australian arm of Airbus.
Rail Air
In 1947, New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) and the Royal New Zealand Air Force began flying between Paraparaumu and Blenheim with a service that came to be known as Rail Air. SAFE took over the service from the RNZAF in 1950. Much of NZR's inter-island freight moved to its new Inter-island rail ferry service from 1962 with the introduction of the GMV Aramoana, but the Rail Air service survived until December 1983.
Fleet
The main aircraft type that the company operated was the Bristol Type 170 Freighter Mk.31. The first two examples were delivered in mid-1951. The "cargon" system was designed in-house – a wheeled metal pallet and transfer system using modified railway flatcars to allow trucked loads to be transferred directly into the nose doorway of the tail-wheeled aircraft. This reduced the turn-around time of flights to about 15 minutes. 53,777 tons were carried between Woodbourne and Papaparaumu in 1961/62, but declined 25% next year, when Aramoana started the Interislander. The route closed in 1983. Eleven Bristol 170s were still in operation with SAFE in 1977.
The company also operated two larger Armstrong Whitworth AW.650 Argosy four-engined turbine propeller freighter aircraft from the 1970s.
Chatham Islands Passenger Services
New Zealand's most eastern islands, the Chatham Islands were linked with the main islands of New Zealand with combined air freight and passenger service using a unique removable passenger pod that was placed into the hold of their Bristol Freighter aircraft. Extra sound insulation was used to drown out the Bristol's Hercules engines and earplugs were provided. Windows in the pod lined up with those in the fuselage. The flight time was approximately three hours.
In 1982 when the paved runway at Tu-uta Point was built, Argosy aircraft were placed into the Chathams' route with a more comfortable passenger pod based on the cabin of a Boeing 737. The pod still exists today, placed in the hold of ZK-SAE on static display at Blenheim. When flying operations ceased in 1990 Air New Zealand continued operations with other aircraft, Air Chathams was founded to keep the air route open when Air New Zealand pulled out in 1992.
See also
List of defunct airlines of New Zealand
History of aviation in New Zealand
References
Bibliography
External links
As Safe Air Limited, SAFE is now a subsidiary of Air New Zealand Engineering
Safe Air Limited's home page
Defunct airlines of New Zealand
Airlines established in 1950
Air New Zealand
Cook Strait |
4036551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Lock | Charlie Lock | Alan Charles Ingram Lock (born 10 September 1962) is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer who played one Test match and eight One Day Internationals.
Lock came to the attention of the world's media in early October 2007 when, as one of the remaining few hundred white farmers in Zimbabwe, he was driven off his land in the Headlands District, some south-east of Harare. Lock had previously given over a farm to the government for resettlement and had consequently received permission in 2003 to stay on a small parcel of land, Karori Farm. Lock brought a contempt of court application against the loss of his remaining land.
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Marondera
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup |
4036552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Whittall | Andy Whittall | Andrew Richard Whittall (born 19 March 1973) is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer who played in 10 Test matches and 63 One Day Internationals between 1996 and 2000. He made his Test and ODI debuts in September 1996.
Domestic career
Whittall was educated at Falcon College. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge with a degree in engineering and also earned four blues playing for the University cricket side. He is currently a housemaster at Ferox Hall at Tonbridge School, where he also teaches maths and coaches the 1st XI cricket team.
References
External links
Zimbabwean cricketers
1973 births
Living people
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup
Cambridge University cricketers
British Universities cricketers
Manicaland cricketers
Matabeleland cricketers
Commonwealth Games competitors for Zimbabwe
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Cricketers from Mutare
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
White Rhodesian people
Alumni of Falcon College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge |
4036553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everton%20Matambanadzo | Everton Matambanadzo | Everton Zvikomborero Matambanadzo (born April 13, 1976 in Salisbury (now Harare), is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in 3 Tests and 7 ODIs from 1996 to 1999. His twin brother, Darlington, also played first-class cricket for Mashonaland. His cricket career was rather brief, due to intense knee injuries. Everton is currently a successful professional stock trader along with many other occupations. He is credited as highly intelligent, receiving his economics degree at UC Berkeley.
1976 births
Living people
Cricketers from Harare
Alumni of Eaglesvale High School
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Twin people from Zimbabwe
Twin sportspeople |
4036557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow%20position | Collar-and-elbow position | A collar-and-elbow hold is a stand-up grappling position where both combatants have a collar tie, and hold the opponent's other arm at the elbow. Generally the opening move in professional wrestling, the collar-and-elbow is generally a neutral position, but by pushing the hand on the elbow to the inside of the opponent's arms, and holding the biceps, more control can be obtained. From here it will be easier to strike or to attempt takedowns, while defending against the opponent's techniques.
See also
Bear hug
Double collar tie
Double underhooks
Pinch grip tie
Over-under position
References
External links
John Danaher and Renzo Gracie, Two Approaches to Fighting in the Clinch
Grappling positions
Wrestling
Professional wrestling moves |
4036558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC%20Guang | Lü Guang | Lü Guang (; 337–400), courtesy name Shiming (世明), formally Emperor Yiwu of (Later) Liang ((後)涼懿武帝), was the founding emperor of the Di-led Chinese Later Liang dynasty (although during most of his reign, he used the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang)). He was initially a Former Qin general, but in light of Former Qin's collapse starting in 384, he decided to found his own state, initially including nearly all of modern Gansu. As his reign continued, however, his domain dwindled after Southern Liang and Northern Liang declared independence. His death in 400 left Later Liang in an unstable state, and it would be no more by 403.
Early life and career as Former Qin general
Lü Guang was ethnically Di (although he claimed ancestry from an ethnically Han man named Lü Wenhe () who fled from Pei County (in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu, the same county that Han Dynasty emperors' ancestors came) from a disaster and who settled in Di lands). He was born in 337, when his father Lü Polou () was a follower of the Di chieftain and Later Zhao general Pu Hong (蒲洪, who later changed his family name from Pu to Fu). Eventually, after Fu Hong's son Fu Jiàn founded Former Qin, Lü Polou served on the staff of Fu Jiàn's nephew Fu Jiān (notice different tone) the Prince of Donghai. After Fu Jiān overthrew Fu Jiàn's violent and capricious son and successor Fu Sheng in 357, Fu Jiān claimed the throne and made Lü Polou one of his senior advisors. Lü Guang, however, was not well regarded by his father's colleagues, because he did not study much and instead concentrated his efforts on hunting and riding. However, Fu Jiān's prime minister Wang Meng valued him and persuaded Fu Jiān to make him a general. He first received renown when he, while fighting with the army of the warlord Zhang Ping () in 358, defeated and captured Zhang Ping's fierce adoptive son Zhang Ci ().
When Fu Jiān's cousins Fu Sou () the Duke of Wei, Fu Liu () the Duke of Jin, Fu Wu () the Duke of Yan, and brother Fu Shuang () the Duke of Zhao rebelled together in 367, Lü Guang was one of the generals sent against Fu Shuang and Fu Wu, and he contributed much to defeating the rebellion. Later, after he served under Wang Meng in the campaign destroying rival Former Yan in 370, he was created the Marquess of Duting.
In 378, Lü Guang was serving as the assistant to Fu Jiān's cousin Fu Chong () the Duke of Beihai, who, as the governor of Yu Province (豫州, modern Henan) was in charge of the important city Luoyang. Fu Chong planned a rebellion, and Fu Jiān learned this and ordered Lü to arrest Fu Chong, which Lü did successfully. (However, Fu Jiān did not execute Fu Chong but only relieved him of his posts and not even his ducal title.)
In 380, inexplicably, Fu Jiān made Fu Chong the defender of Jicheng (modern Beijing), and Fu Chong soon rebelled along with his brother, the powerful general Fu Luo () the Duke of Xingtang. Lü Guang was one of the generals in charge of the campaign against Fu Luo and Fu Chong, and he defeated Fu Chong and killed him, resulting in Fu Luo's subsequent defeat and capture.
In 382, in response to requests by the kings of two Xiyu states—Xiumiduo () the King of Shanshan and Mitian () the King of Front Cheshi (roughly modern Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang) -- Fu Jiān commissioned Lü Guang to lead an army of 100,000 infantry soldiers and 5,000 cavalry soldiers to Xiyu, with the intent to, like Han Dynasty did, establish a governor general over Xiyu. The army departed the Former Qin capital Chang'an in spring 383, with the two kings as guides. By early 384, most Xiyu kingdoms had submitted, but Bo Chun () the King of Qiuzi (or Kucha, 龜茲, in modern Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang) resisted, and Lü put Qiuzi under siege, forcing Bochun to flee. He made Bo Chun's brother Bo Zhen () the new king, and he also, in a move to show Former Qin suzerainty over Xiyu, ordered the Xiyu kings to turn over the Han Dynasty imperial rods that they had still possessed and exchanged them for Former Qin ones. By this point, however, Former Qin was disintegrating in light of rebellions that happened after its defeat at the Battle of Fei River against Jin, and although Fu Jiān wanted to make Lü the governor general of Xiyu, he was unable to have the commission delivered to Lü. While at Qiuzi, Lü met the Buddhist monk Kumarajiva, and when he, in 385, considered settling in Qiuzi (after hearing of the unrest Former Qin was suffering from), Kumarajiva advised against it, stating that Qiuzi was a land of misfortune and, if he headed back east, he would find a homeland on the way. Lü therefore started to head back east, carrying the plunder he had gathered in Xiyu.
Former Qin's governor of the rich Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu and eastern Xinjiang), Liang Xi (), was weary of Lü's intentions, and he considered sealing the borders and refusing Lü entry. His advisor Yang Han () suggested that he cut off the Gaowu Valley (高梧谷, in modern Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang) or Yiwu Passes (伊吾關, in modern Kumul Prefecture, Xinjiang) to defeat Lü by thirst, but Liang refused. Yang then surrendered to Lü, who quickly advanced on the capital of Liang Province, Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu), capturing Liang Xi and quickly controlling most of Liang Province. For the next several years, he battled local warlords. In winter 386, upon hearing the news of Fu Jiān's death (Fu Jiān having died in 385), he changed the era name to Tai'an—signifying a declaration of independence, although at this point he claimed no formal regal or imperial titles—and therefore 386 is typically considered the date of Later Liang's founding.
Early reign – laying Later Liang's foundation
Around the new year 387, Lü Guang claimed the title of Duke of Jiuquan—the first formal title of nobility that he claimed for himself that showed a claim on his territory. He concentrated on consolidating his power in Liang Province, while appearing to ignore the deadlock that what remained of Former Qin (under Fu Deng) and Later Qin (under Yao Chang) were having, to his southeast.
In fall 387, Lü Guang captured and executed Zhang Dayu (), the son of Former Liang's last prince Zhang Tianxi, who had tried for several years to reestablish Former Liang.
It appeared that Lü was not a particularly effective governor of his domain, and there were repeated rebellions against his rule. In response, he instituted strict laws. His official Duan Ye tried to speak against such strict laws in 388, and while Lü Guang indicated that he agreed with Duan, it appeared that he did not actually make things easier for his people.
In spring 389, Lü Guang claimed the greater title the Prince of Sanhe. Around this time, his wife Lady Shi, son Lü Shao, and brother Lü Deshi () arrived in Guzang after having spent several years in Chouchi. He created Lady Shi princess and Lü Shao heir apparent.
In 391, Lü Guang tried to make a surprise attack against Western Qin while its prince, Qifu Gangui, was attacking the rebel Mo Yigan (), but Qifu Gangui quickly responded upon hearing about the attack, and so Lü Guang withdrew. This appeared to, however, start a series of battles with Western Qin. In 392, Lü Guang sent his brother Lü Bao () against Western Qin and son Lü Zuan against Western Qin's vassal, the Qiang chief Peng Xi'nian (), and both Lü Bao and Lü Zuan were defeated, although Lü Guang then personally attacked Peng, capturing Peng's city Fuhan (枹罕, in modern Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu) and forcing him to flee.
In 394, Lü Guang received nominal submission by the powerful Xianbei chief Tufa Wugu, the words of whose advisor Shizhen Ruoliu () indirectly showed that Later Liang was in its prime at this point—as Shizhen regarded Later Liang capable of destroying the Tufa tribe at will.
In fall 394, Lü Guang sent his son Lü Fu () to take up the defense post at Gaochang (高昌, in modern Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang), and at this point, Later Liang appeared to be in control of a substantial part of Xiyu.
In fall 395, Lü Guang made a major attack against Western Qin, and Qifu Gangui submitted as a vassal, sending his son Qifu Chibo () as a hostage. However, Qifu Gangui soon regretted this arrangement, and executed his officials Mi Guizhou () and Mozhe Gudi (), who suggested it. Presumably, he also repudiated his submission to Lü Guang.
In 396, Lü Guang claimed the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang), signifying a claim to imperial title. He created Lü Shao crown prince, and created 20 of his brothers, sons, and nephews dukes or marquesses, and he bestowed titles on his officials as well. However, when he, as a part of these commissions, he tried to grant titles on Tufa Wugu, Tufa Wugu told Lü Guang's ambassador:
Heavenly Prince Lü's sons are all corrupt and immoral. His nephews are particularly violent and cruel. People both near and far are angry and ready to rebel. How can I go against the people and accept these unjust titles? I am about to claim a regal title myself.
Tufa therefore rejected the titles, although he kept the musicians and artisans that Lü Guang sent to him as part of the title bestowment. While Tufa's remarks were intended to have a propaganda effect, they were probably not inaccurate, based on later events.
Late reign – gradual collapse of Later Liang
Later Liang's power appeared to start to fall apart in 397, when Lü Guang, determined to punish Qifu Gangui for his shifting positions, launched a major attack against Western Qin's capital Xicheng (西城, in modern Baiyin, Gansu). This frightened Qifu Gangui's officials enough that they recommended a retreat to Chengji (成紀, in modern Tianshui, Gansu) to the east, but Qifu Gangui, seeing weaknesses in Later Liang's forces despite their numbers, stood his ground. Later Liang forces were initially successful, capturing several major Western Qin cities, but Qifu Gangui tricked Lü Guang's brother and major general Lü Yan () the Duke of Tianshui into believing that he was retreating, and Lü Yan fell into a trap Qifu Gangui set and was killed. Lü Guang, in fear, withdrew to Guzang.
Soon after Lü Yan's defeat, Tufa Wugu declared himself independent from Later Liang, establishing Southern Liang and capturing Jincheng (金城, in modern Lanzhou, Gansu), which Later Liang had just captured from Western Qin. Lü Guang sent his general Dou Gou () to attack Tufa Wugu, but was defeated.
After Lü Yan's death, Lü Guang believed false accusations against Lü Yan's assistants, the brothers Juqu Luochou () and Juqu Quzhou () and executed them. Their nephew Juqu Mengxun escorted their caskets back to their home territory of Zhangye (張掖, in modern Zhangye, Gansu) and then persuaded the various Xiongnu tribes to rebel against Later Liang. Initially, Lü Guang sent Lü Zuan to attack Juqu Mengxun and chased him into the mountains, but Juqu Mengxun's cousin Juqu Nancheng () also rebelled and sieged the Later Liang city Jiankang (建康, in modern Zhangye, Gansu, not to be confused with Jin's capital of the same name). Juqu Nancheng persuaded the governor of Jiankang Commandery, Duan Ye, who was already fearful that Lü Guang would blame him for the Juqus' rebellion, to join them, and Juqu Nancheng offered the title of Duke of Jiankang to Duan Ye, thus establishing Northern Liang. Lü Zuan attacked the nascent state, but could not destroy it.
At this time, the magician Guo Nen (), whom Lü Guang and his people had trusted greatly, prophesied that Later Liang was about to be destroyed, and therefore started a rebellion himself within the capital Guzang, capturing even Lü Guang's eight grandsons and executing them cruelly. Guo soon supported the general Yang Gui () as the leader of the rebellion. Lü Zuan was forced to abandon his attack against Duan and return to Guzang. Eventually, however, Yang and Guo were defeated by Later Liang forces and forced to flee to and submit to Southern Liang and Western Qin, respectively. From this point on, however, Later Liang, by now highly reduced in size and strength, were subject to constant attacks by Southern Liang, Northern Liang, and Western Qin, causing it to be unable to hold its territory. By 398, the western parts of the Later Liang (including Xiyu holdings) had fallen to Northern Liang as well. In 399, Lü Shao and Lü Zuan launched another attack on Northern Liang, but with Southern Liang coming to Northern Liang's aid, they were forced to withdraw.
Around the new year 400, Lü Guang grew gravely ill, and he ordered Lü Shao to take the throne and the title Heavenly Prince; he himself claimed the title of retired emperor. Realizing that Lü Shao lacked talents and ability, he spoke to Lü Shao and his brothers Lü Zuan the Duke of Taiyuan and Lü Hong () the Duke of Changshan, telling Lü Shao to trust his brothers and Lü Zuan and Lü Hong to serve Lü Shao faithfully. He died later that day. Soon, however, Lü Zuan and Lü Hong would turn on Lü Shao, and when they started a coup, Lü Shao committed suicide, and Lü Zuan took the throne, starting a series of destabilizing internal disturbances that, in combination with the attacks by the surrounding states, led to Later Liang's surrender to Later Qin in 403.
Era names
Tai'an (太安 tài ān) 386–389
Linjia (麟嘉 lín jiā) 389–396
Longfei (龍飛 lóng fēi) 396–400
Personal information
Father
Lü Polou (), minister during reigns of Fu Jiàn, Fu Sheng, and Fu Jiān of Former Qin
Wife
Princess/Empress Shi (created 389)
Concubines
Consort Zhao, mother of Lü Zuan
Children
Lü Zuan (), the Duke of Taiyuan, later Emperor Ling
Lü Hong (), initially the Duke of Changshan, later the Duke of Fanhe (created 399, executed by Lü Zuan 400)
Lü Shao (), the Crown Prince (created 396), later emperor
Lü Wei (), the Duke of Longxi (executed by Lü Chao 401)
Lü Fu ()
References
Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) emperors
337 births
400 deaths
Former Qin generals
4th-century Chinese monarchs
People from Hebi
Founding monarchs |
4036565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Ontiveros | Steve Ontiveros | Steve Ontiveros may refer to:
Steve Ontiveros (infielder) (born 1951), Major League Baseball infielder who played from 1973 through 1980
Steve Ontiveros (pitcher) (born 1961), Major League Baseball All-Star pitcher who played from 1985 through 2000 |
4036578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Huckle | Adam Huckle | Adam George Huckle (born 21 September 1971) is a Zimbabwean former international cricketer who played in eight Test matches and 19 One Day Internationals (ODI) from 1997 to 1999 for the Zimbabwe national team.
In his second Test in 1997, against New Zealand, Huckle took 11–255 in the match (6–109 and 5–146). As of 2013, this remains the only occasion when a Zimbabwean bowler has taken 11 wickets in a Test match. His aggressive appealing in the match led to a fine by referee Sidath Wettimuny for attempting to intimidate the umpire. He was filmed shepherding a dismissed batsman off the field with a well known two-word goodbye. When interrogated by the relevant cricketing body at a subsequent hearing, Huckle explained: "Well, we weren't playing netball".
Huckle's father, Mike Huckle, played a single first-class match for Rhodesia in the 1960s.
External links
"Adam Huckle - a short biography" by John Ward at Cricinfo
1971 births
Living people
Cricketers from Bulawayo
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Alumni of Falcon College
Zimbabwean cricketers
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Eastern Province cricketers
Matabeleland cricketers
Commonwealth Games competitors for Zimbabwe
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup |
4036591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin%20Rennie | Gavin Rennie | Gavin James Rennie (born 12 January 1976) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in 23 Test matches and 40 One Day Internationals from 1996 to 2003. He was a left-hand top-order batsman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler although his bowling was mainly restricted to first class cricket.
His older brother John also played for Zimbabwe and in 1996–97 against Pakistan, history was made when the two played together along with the Strang and Flower brothers. It was the first time that three sets of brothers had played together in a game.
Rennie had a good start to his Test career, scoring half centuries in each of his first four Tests during 1997–98. He never scored a Test hundred and instead had to settle with a highest score of 93, made against New Zealand in 2000. Rennie holds the record for the most Test matches in a complete career (23) where a batsman batted twice in every match.
Rennie and Grant Flower set the record for the highest 2nd wicket partnership for Zimbabwe in ODI cricket (150)
He was part of the Zimbabwean squad which won their first ever Test series away from home, against Pakistan in 1998–99.
Aged just 27, Rennie chose not to renew his contract in 2003 and instead chose to go into business, as a transport broker. Today, he is the co-owner of a safari camp in Zimbabwe.
References
Sources
1976 births
Living people
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Matabeleland cricketers
Alumni of St. George's College, Harare
Sportspeople from Masvingo
White Zimbabwean sportspeople |
4036597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Madondo | Trevor Madondo | Trevor Nyasha Madondo (22 November 1976 – 11 June 2001) was a Zimbabwean cricketer who played in three Test matches and 13 One Day Internationals from 1998 to 2001.
Growing up, Madondo attended Lilfordia School and Falcon College. At Falcon. he also played hockey and rugby union. He gave up his studies at Rhodes University to become a full-time cricketer. A middle-order batsman, he hit his highest first-class score in his last Test when he scored 74 not out against New Zealand in 2000–01.
He died a few months later at the age of 24 from malaria. He was the fifth-youngest Test player to die. In November 2008, his brother Tafadzwa Madondo died in a motorbike accident while vacationing in Bali.
References
External links
1976 births
2001 deaths
Alumni of Falcon College
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Matabeleland cricketers
Deaths from malaria
Infectious disease deaths in Zimbabwe |
4036601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Crampton%20Gore | William Crampton Gore | William Crampton Gore RHA (1871–1946) was an Irish painter.
The son of an army officer from Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Gore studied medicine at Trinity College Dublin, graduating in 1897 and practising until 1901. An intervening period of some months in 1898 was spent studying art under Henry Tonks at the Slade School of Art, giving him a taste for life as a professional painter. After a stint abroad, during which he worked as a ship's surgeon on sailings to North America, India and Italy, he returned to London and the Slade, studying there from 1900 until 1904. Whilst there he befriended Sir William Orpen and Augustus John, sharing a studio with the latter. In 1905 he first exhibited with the RHA and from then until 1939 he contributed over a hundred works to their annual shows. In 1916 he was elected an Associate member of the RHA and in 1918 he was made a full member. His works were mainly interiors and still-lives in oils. Flower painting in particular attracted him, and it was on his encouragement that the Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland first hosted an exhibition of Flower and Garden Paintings at the Metropolitan School of Art in the 1940s. He was represented in many survey shows of Irish art, including the much-vaunted Irish Exhibition in Brussels in 1930. Examples of his work can be seen in the Limerick City Gallery of Art and the Hugh Lane Gallery in Dublin.
Sources
Whytes Biography of Irish Art and Irish Artists
1871 births
1946 deaths
19th-century Irish painters
20th-century Irish painters
Irish male painters
19th-century Irish male artists
20th-century Irish male artists |
4036602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurchenko%20loop | Yurchenko loop | A Yurchenko loop is a skill performed on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics. It is named after Soviet gymnast Natalia Yurchenko, who originated and competed with the element in the early 1980s.
In a standard Yurchenko loop, the gymnast stands sideways on the beam, dives backwards into a back handspring (the "loop"), grasps the beam, performs a back hip circle and ends up in a front support position, resting on their hands.
French gymnast Elvire Teza performed a variation of the Yurchenko loop with a full twisting handspring in the 1990s. The element is referred to as "The Teza" in the Code of Points.
See also
Yurchenko (vault)
External links
An animation of the Yurchenko loop
An animation of the Teza
Gymnastics elements |
4036604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danderyds%20sjukhus%20metro%20station | Danderyds sjukhus metro station | Danderyds sjukhus is a metro station in suburban Danderyd Municipality, north of Stockholm, Sweden.
The station was opened on 29 January 1978 as part of the extension from Universitetet to Mörby centrum and serves the nearby Danderyds sjukhus hospital. The Mörby railway station on the Roslagsbanan is situated a few hundred metres from this station.
References
Stockholm metro stations
Railway stations opened in 1978
1978 establishments in Sweden |
4036626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96stermalmstorg | Östermalmstorg | Östermalmstorg is a square in the district of Östermalm, in Stockholm, Sweden.
It is known principal for Östermalm Market Hall (Östermalmshallen) which first opened in 1889. Östermalmshallen's interior is a marketplace for food and related delicacies. Östermalmstorg was also the location of the first Åhléns department store which opened in 1932.
Next to the square stands the statue of The Meeting (Swedish: "Möte"), showing a naked male figure bearing a piece of meat on his shoulders before a recumbent female figure, created by the artist Willy Gordon (1918–2003).
See also
Östermalmstorg metro station
References
Squares in Stockholm |
4036630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serena-Maneesh | Serena-Maneesh | Serena-Maneesh (previously spelled Serena Maneesh, sometimes shortened to S-M) is a Norwegian alternative rock band from Oslo.
Biography
The team of musicians who each contribute to the band's sound is organized around its protagonist and songwriter Emil Nikolaisen.
Important sources of musical inspiration have been The Velvet Underground, The Stooges, AC/DC, Amon Düül, Gainsbourg/ Vannier, many greats of bossanova and anything beyond.
In late 2005, the band toured Europe in support of The Dandy Warhols. In early 2006, Serena-Maneesh landed the opening gig for British band Oasis during its UK tour. They supported Nine Inch Nails on the Australia/Japan leg of their 2007 world tour.
The highly acclaimed self-titled debut album was released on the Norwegian record-label HoneyMilk in the autumn of 2005. In December of the same year, the Norwegian vinyl label Hype City released an LP print featuring two exclusive tracks, and the Spanish indie distributor Touchme Records published the CD. In March 2006, the band announced its transfer to the Playlouder-branch of the Beggars Group established in Europe (UK, Germany and Italy), North America (United States and Canada) and Oceania (Australia). In June 2006, the band released an international edition of its self-titled album (both CD and LP) through the international label Playlouder.
The second album Serena Maneesh 2: Abyss in B Minor was released in March 2010, on the British independent label 4AD.
Band members
Current members
Emil Nikolaisen – vocals, guitar
Ådne Meisfjord – electronics
Former or associated members
Hilma Nikolaisen – bass
Øystein Sandsdalen – guitar
Tommy "Manboy" Akerholdt – drums
Lina (Holmstroem) Wallinder – vocals, percussion, organ
Sondre Tristan Midttun – guitar
Håvard Krogedal – organ, cello
Eivind Schou – viola
Anders Møller – percussion
Einar Lukerstuen – drums
Ann Sung-An Lee – vocals, percussion, organ
Marcus Forsgren – bass (ex- Lionheart Brothers)
Jennifer P. Fraser – bass (ex- The Warlocks)
Marco "Storm" Hautakoski – drums (ex-Selfmindead)
Discography
Studio albums
Serena Maneesh (2005)
Serena Maneesh 2: Abyss in B Minor (2010)
EPs
Fixxations EP (December 2002 – CD; 22 September 2003 – 12", Norway)
Zurück: Retrospectives 1999-2003 (20 June 2005, Norway)
Enhanced CD; HoneyMilk Records (HONEY019)
Singles
"Drain Cosmetics" (12 June 2006, United Kingdom)
Enhanced CD; Playlouder Recordings (PLAYR7CD)
7" vinyl; Playlouder Recordings (PLAYR7S)
12" vinyl; Playlouder Recordings (PLAYR7T)
"Sapphire Eyes" (2 October 2006, United Kingdom)
CD; Playlouder Recordings (PLAYR12CD)
7" vinyl; Playlouder Recordings (PLAYR12S)
"Ayisha Abyss" (18 January 2010, United Kingdom)
12" vinyl, b/w: "Call-Back from a Dream"; 4AD (BAD 2941)
Split singles
Serena Maneesh / The Parkas: Singles Club No. 4 7" (2004) – Australia, Low Transit Industries LTID012
"Drive Me Home the Lonely Nights"
Serena Maneesh / Blood on the Wall 7" (February 2006) – United States, Insound
"Sapphire Eyes" (Serena-Maneesh Refix)
Appearances on compilations
"Blues Like Beehive" on Ŏya Festivalen: Oslo 08-10 Aug 2002 (1 May 2002, Norway)
CD; Øya Festival
"Leipziger Love Life" on The Pet Series Volume 1 (20 July 2002, Netherlands)
CD; Sally Forth Records (SF1059)
"Drive Me Home the Lonely Nights" on Counter Culture 05 (23 January 2006, United Kingdom)
2CD; V2/Rough Trade Shops (VVR1037732)
Music videos
"Drive Me Home the Lonely Nights" (1 May 2003), written and directed by Ola Bratt
"Drain Cosmetics" (4 June 2006)
"I Just Want to See Your Face" (12 March 2010)
"D.I.W.S.W.T.T.D" (7 Oct 2010)
References
External links
Official website
Urban Pollution Interview
Drain Cosmetics PodCast
Official Myspace
Subculture Magazine's review of "Serena Maneesh"
Serena Maneesh@HoneyMilk (domestic label)
Serena Maneesh@HypeCity (domestic label)
Serena Maneesh@Beggars US (USA label)
Serena Maneesh@Indigo/Beggars Group (German label)
Media links
Serena Maneesh LP
Drain Cosmetics promo Hi-Fi QuickTime for Win/Mac
"Drain Cosmetics" SP
Sapphire Eyes (Refix) legal MP3
Shoegazing musical groups
Norwegian alternative rock groups
Norwegian indie rock groups
Norwegian rock music groups
4AD artists
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in Norway
Musical groups from Oslo
Low Transit Industries artists |
4036633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Michael Stich defeated Boris Becker in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–4), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships.
Stefan Edberg was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Stich. Stich won the match 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–2). This match was notable for Edberg holding serve in all 23 of his service games during the match, but still losing the match anyway. The one and only service break of the entire match was in the fifth game of the first set, with Stich serving at 2–2 in that first set and getting broken.
Andre Agassi competed in Wimbledon for the first time since 1987, losing in the quarterfinals to David Wheaton. Agassi had refused to play Wimbledon from 1988–1990, due to the All England Club's dress code.
This was the first year in Wimbledon history that there was play on the Middle Sunday, due to bad weather in the first week.
Seeds
Stefan Edberg (semifinals)
Boris Becker (final)
Ivan Lendl (third round)
Jim Courier (quarterfinals)
Andre Agassi (quarterfinals)
Michael Stich (champion)
Guy Forget (quarterfinals)
Pete Sampras (second round)
Michael Chang (first round)
Goran Ivanišević (second round)
Emilio Sánchez (first round)
Andrei Cherkasov (first round)
Jakob Hlasek (second round)
Karel Nováček (fourth round)
Brad Gilbert (third round)
John McEnroe (fourth round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4036635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron%20trifluoride%20etherate | Boron trifluoride etherate | Boron trifluoride etherate, strictly boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, or boron trifluoride–ether complex, is the chemical compound with the formula BF3O(C2H5)2, often abbreviated BF3OEt2. It is a colorless liquid, although older samples can appear brown. The compound is used as a source of boron trifluoride in many chemical reactions that require a Lewis acid. The compound features tetrahedral boron coordinated to a diethylether ligand. Many analogues are known, including the methanol complex.
Reactions
Boron trifluoride etherate serves as a source of boron trifluoride according to the equilibrium:
BF3OEt2 BF3 + OEt2
The BF3 binds to even weak Lewis bases, inducing reactions of the resulting adducts with nucleophiles.
References
Fluorides
Boron compounds
Boron halides
Acid catalysts |
4036636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savage%20Souls%20%28album%29 | Savage Souls (album) | Savage Souls is the fourth studio album by the German power metal band Mystic Prophecy.
Behind track #11 there's after 9:13 minutes of silence a hidden / secret spoken outro for about 30 seconds. A limited edition digibook version of the album was released including a DVD of the band performing most of the tracks live for an audience of their biggest fans.
Track listing
"Shadow Beyond My Soul" (Liapakis / Pohl) - 4:18
"Master of Sins" (Liapakis / Grimm) - 4:30
"Evil Empires" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 4:16
"Savage Souls" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 4:30
"In the Darkness" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 5:10
"Deception of Hate" (Liapakis / Pohl / Grimm) - 3:56
"Sins and Sorrows" (Liapakis / Pohl / Grimm) - 4:26
"Best Days of My Life" (Liapakis / Albrecht / Grimm) - 4:30
"Nightmares of Demons" (Liapakis / Pohl) - 4:08
"Victim of Fate" (Liapakis / Grimm) - 4:34
"Into the Fire" (Liapakis / Albrecht) - 15:14
Credits
Roberto Dimitri Liapakis - vocals
Martin Grimm - guitars
Markus Pohl - guitars
Martin Albrecht - Bass
Mattias Straub - drums
2004 albums
Mystic Prophecy albums
Massacre Records albums |
4036640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20Henderson | Curtis Henderson | Curtis Henderson (September 28, 1926 - June 25, 2009) was a pioneer in the practice of cryonics.
Personal background
Henderson graduated from Pennsylvania Military College (now Widener University) and Temple University law school. He passed the New York bar exam. For ten years he worked as an attorney (claims adjuster) for an automobile insurance company (Hardware Mutuals) and later for The Hartford.
Henderson had three sons from two wives. One of his sons was named "Rob", after Robert Ettinger. His oldest son is James Crawford Henderson. Both of Henderson's two wives divorced him in large part because of his cryonics activities. The intense hostility of Henderson's second wife to cryonics inspired Mike Darwin to begin a study of the many cases where "hostile spouses or girlfriends have prevented, reduced or reversed the involvement of their male partner in cryonics."
Henderson died on June 25, 2009 and is cryopreserved at the Cryonics Institute.
Organizational activities
The first cryonics-related organization in New York City was a branch of Evan Cooper's Washington, D.C.-based Life Extension Society (LES). James Sutton, the New York LES coordinator and others became frustrated with LES when Cooper refused to give names and addresses of New Yorkers who had contacted Cooper. Deciding to form a new organization, Sutton arranged a meeting in August 1965 that included Curtis Henderson, Saul Kent and a designer named Karl Werner. At the meeting, Karl Werner coined the word "cryonics", and the new organization was called the Cryonics Society of New York (CSNY). Henderson soon became the President.
Curtis Henderson and Saul Kent spent October 1966 touring the United States to assist in the consolidation of the nascent cryonics movement. On October 2 they attended a meeting in Oak Park, Michigan which led to the formation of the Cryonics Society of Michigan, with Robert Ettinger as President. On October 14 they attended a meeting in Woodland Hills, California where it was agreed to incorporate the Cryonics Society of California (CSC), with Robert Nelson as President. (The following January, CSC cryopreserved the first man, Dr. James Bedford.)
On March 2, 1968 CSNY held its first Annual Cryonics Conference at the New York Academy of Sciences, a meeting attended by over one hundred people. In July 1968 CSNY cryopreserved its first patient, Steven Mandell.
In 1969 Cryo-Span Corporation was created to specialize in the technical and business aspects of cryopreservation, as distinct from the educational and administrative activities of CSNY. Curtis Henderson, Saul Kent and Paul Segall were the Cryo-Span Directors, but in practice Curtis Henderson was responsible for maintaining the patients in liquid nitrogen. In 1974, the State of New York Department of Public Health informed Curtis Henderson that cryonics was in violation of the law and that continued cryopreservation would be fined at a rate of $1,000 per day. The bodies of the three CSNY patients being maintained were returned to their relatives.
Henderson was unusual as a pioneer who was ruthlessly honest about the limitations of cryonics. He admonished his contemporaries with aphorisms such as "There is no such thing as feelgood cryonics," meaning that optimism and faith in the future should never be allowed to distract advocates from the hard choices, challenges, and inadequacies of procedures in the real world. After grim personal experiences he became an advocate for "no third-party funding," referring to the practice (now obsolete) of accepting cases funded by a third party such as a spouse, child, or sibling of the deceased who might promise to make installment payments but almost invariably would cease doing so after a relatively short period, thus leaving the cryonics organization to deal with the problem of maintenance.
Curtis Henderson continued to be active in cryonics as a Member of Alcor Life Extension Foundation, CryoCare Foundation and most recently the Cryonics Institute until his death on June 25, 2009. He was cryopreserved on July 3, 2009.
See also
Cryonics
Life extension
References
External links
Interview with Curtis Henderson
Mike Darwin's interview with Curtis Henderson
1926 births
20th-century American lawyers
Cryonicists
Cryonically preserved people
Widener University alumni
Temple University Beasley School of Law alumni
2009 deaths |
4036644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick%20and%20mortar | Brick and mortar | Brick and mortar (also bricks and mortar or B&M) refers to a physical presence of an organization or business in a building or other structure. The term brick-and-mortar business is often used to refer to a company that possesses or leases retail shops, factory production facilities, or warehouses for its operations. More specifically, in the jargon of e-commerce businesses in the 2000s, brick-and-mortar businesses are companies that have a physical presence (e.g., a retail shop in a building) and offer face-to-face customer experiences.
This term is usually used to contrast with a transitory business or an Internet-only presence, such as fully online shops, which have no physical presence for shoppers to visit, talk with staff in person, touch and handle products and buy from the firm in person. However, such online businesses normally have non-public physical facilities from which they either run business operations (e.g., the company headquarters and back office facilities), and/or warehouses for storing and distributing products. Concerns such as foot traffic, storefront visibility, and appealing interior design apply to brick-and-mortar businesses rather than online ones. An online-only business needs to have an attractive, well-designed website, a reliable e-commerce system for payment, a good delivery or shipping service and effective online marketing tactics to drive web traffic to the site. Governments are also adopting e-government approaches, which is the use of online services for citizens to enable them to fill in government forms, pay tax bills and register for government programs online; these services aim to cut bricks and mortar costs (building leasing/purchase and staff costs) and improve services to citizens (by offering 24/7 access to information and services).
Etymology
The name is a metonym derived from the traditional building materials associated with physical buildings: bricks and mortar, however, it is applicable to all stores with a physical storefront, not just those built out of bricks and mortar. The term was originally used by 19th century American novelist Herman Melville in the book Moby Dick (chapter 96). The term brick-and-mortar businesses is also a retronym, in that most shops had a physical presence before the advent of the Internet. The term is also applicable in a pre-Internet era, when contrasting businesses with physical retail presence with those that operated strictly in an order-by-mail capacity pre-Internet.
History
The history of brick and mortar businesses cannot be dated precisely, but it existed in the earliest vendor stalls in the first towns (as early as 7500 BC), where merchants brought their agricultural produce, clay pots and handmade clothing to sell in a village market. Bricks and mortar businesses remain important in the 2010s, though many shops and services, ranging from consumer electronics shops to clothing shops and even grocery shops have begun offering online shopping. This physical presence, either of a retail shop, a customer service location with staff, where clients can go in person to ask questions about a product or service, or a service center or repair facility where customers can bring their products, has played a crucial role in providing goods and services to consumers throughout history.
thumb|right|A fruit stand at a village market in Afghanistan.
All large retailers in the 19th and the early to mid-20th century started off with a smaller brick and mortar presence, which increased as the businesses grew. A prime example of this is McDonald’s, a company that started with one small restaurant and now has nearly 36,000 restaurants in over 120 countries and plans to grow further; this shows the importance of having a physical presence. For many small businesses, their business model is mostly limited to a bricks and mortar model, such as a diner restaurant or a dry cleaning service. Nevertheless, even service-based businesses can use websites and "apps" to reach new customers or improve their services. For example, a dry cleaning service could use a website to let customers know of the hours and location(s) of their bricks and mortar stores.
Decline
Netflix, an online movie streaming website founded in 1997, is an example of how an online business has affected a B&M businesses such as video rental stores. After Netflix and similar companies became popular, traditional DVD rental stores such as Blockbuster LLC went out of business. Customers preferred to be able to instantly watch movies and TV shows using "streaming", without having to go to a physical rental store to rent a DVD, and then return to the store to give the DVD back. "The rapid rise of online film streaming offered by the likes of Lovefilm and Netflix made Blockbuster's video and DVD [rental] business model practically obsolete.'
There has been an increase in online retailers in the 2000s, as people are using e-commerce (online sales) to fulfill basic needs ranging from grocery shopping to book purchases. Sales through mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones have also risen in the 2000s: "While total online sales rose 18% year-on-year in December to £11.1 [B], according to the latest figures [January 2014] from e-tail industry body IMRG and advisory firm Capgemini, sales via mobile devices doubled to £3 [B].'
The increase in households where both adults work outside the home, combined with the convenience of shopping for and buying products and services online, has decreased the number of customers going to retail outlets, as consumers can access the same information about products and services without paying for gas, parking and other costs, thus saving them time and money. "Today’s consumers lead busy lives and [Bricks and Mortar] shopping takes time. Often it is a [challenging] task. Consumers find researching and shopping on the Web far more convenient than brick-and-mortar visits." Brick and mortar businesses are not limited to having a physical presence only, they may also have an online presence such as Tesco, who offer an online grocery service as well as a brick and mortar retail presence.
Benefits
The presence of brick and mortar establishments may bring many benefits to businesses;
Customer service: face-to-face customer service can be a big contributor into increasing sales of a business and improving customer satisfaction. When customers can take a product back to the store to ask staff questions or help them learn to use it, it can make customers feel more satisfied with their purchase. Research has shown that 86% of customers will pay more for a product if they have received great customer service.
Face-to-face interaction: Many consumers prefer to be able to touch products, and experience and test them out before they buy. This is often attributed to Baby Boomers, older Generation X customers and the elderly being used to a more traditional in-person approach when it comes to shopping and preferring to have a demonstration of products or services, especially when buying new technology . Other studies show, given equal prices, a 90% preference for the in-person shopping experience, including among teens, who combine social interaction with shopping. On the other hand, many of these consumers engage in showrooming: trying on clothes or otherwise examining merchandise in-store, and then buying online at cheaper prices.
Trust: Online commerce presents an increased risk of internet fraud, and thus some consumers may be averse to it.
Drawbacks
The brick and mortar approach also has various drawbacks.
New businesses and fixed costs
Fixed costs are a serious challenge for B&M businesses. Fixed costs are payments that a business has to make for elements such as rent of a store and monthly payments for services such as a security alarm. Fixed costs stay the same for a business even if it ramps up its operations or winds down its operations during a slow period. In contrast, variable costs change as a business ramps its operations up or down. Variable costs include wages (for employees paid by the hour) and electricity for operating machinery used by the business during its operating hours. If a business increases its hours of operation, its hourly wages and electricity bill will rise, but its rent and security alarm costs will stay the same (assuming that the business does not add additional locations). Start-up companies and other small businesses typically find it hard to pay all of the fixed costs that are part of their venture. Research shows that 70% of new start up businesses fail within the first 10 years.
Inconvenient for customers with busy lifestyles
People have busier lifestyles in the 2010s, with more families having both adults working, and therefore they find it harder to find the time to physically go and shop at stores and services. As well, in many cities traffic jams and congestion on roads have made it more stressful and time-consuming to drive to physical locations to shop. Online shopping and online services, which consumers can access from an Internet-connected laptop or smartphone are more convenient for these people. With mobile devices, consumers can order take-out food, gifts and services even when they are "on the go", such as stuck sitting on a bus or waiting in an airport lounge for a plane.
Expensive and luxury products
B&M increases the fixed cost for any business, therefore the products sold in physical shops tend to be more expensive compared to online shops. For stores selling expensive products or services in a B&M format, customers expect beautiful window displays, fine decorating in the establishment and well-dressed salespeople who earn high commission on their sales. Some high-end hair salons and luxury car stores even offer conveniences such as free espresso and bottled water, all of which add to the overhead of selling these products and services. Online shops, even those for luxury goods, do not have to pay for high-end retail stores and salespeople. Nevertheless, high-end online stores typically incur higher costs for their online presence, because they need to have leading edge Web 2.0 functions on their website, a professionally designed site, and in some cases, staff available to respond to phone calls, e-mails and online "chat" questions.
Wider stock availability online
Products may be out stock in relatively small brick and mortar retail stores and due to limited space in small business retail stores, these establishments may only be able to carry a few types of each product. Online shops are able to have a huge amount of stock in numerous large warehouses (e.g., Amazon.com has warehouses in numerous locations from which it ships its products) which it can quickly ship out. An online store may be able to order up products from a large number of geographically dispersed warehouses, even warehouses owned and operated by third parties (e.g., smaller companies), which are connected to the large company via the Internet.
Queues
Queues (lineups and waiting rooms) are part and parcel of B&M retail businesses, due to physical constraints and the limitations on how many staff the business can afford to hire. A physical store may only have a few salespeople to serve customers, so many customers may have to wait in line during the busiest hours. To lessen the stress of waiting, some B&M stores provide big-screen TVs with cable TV, free coffee and newspapers; while these niceties improve the customer experience, they add to the costs of operating a B&M establishment. On the other hand, an online virtual store in which customers select their own purchases in a virtual "shopping cart" and pay for them using e-commerce approaches may be able to serve thousands of customers at the same time.
E-government
Beginning in the 1990s and early 2000s, many governments in industrialised countries began to offer e-government services to citizens. Online government services are offered by a range of government departments and agencies, ranging from departments of motor vehicles (online car registration), police (paying speeding tickets online), city services (paying parking tickets online or requesting that a pothole be filled) and social services (registering for social assistance or unemployment insurance) and tax departments (paying a tax bill or submitting a tax return online). Many governments use e-services to provide online information to citizens (e.g., "help" guides, Frequently Asked Question lists, manuals for government program applicants, etc.), thus saving on the need for call centers where citizens can call to ask questions or physical service locations where citizens can come in person to ask about government forms or services.
These online government services aim at two goals: reducing costs to governments and improving client service. By offering these services and information online, governments save money, because they do not have to offer as many bricks and mortar client service centers where citizens can come and fill in these forms and pay government bills. Governments offering e-services can also operate with less civil servants and thus less salary and benefits costs, as the citizens using online services are generally doing all of the administrative tasks (e.g., downloading a form, filling in a form, looking up guidance in an online "help" manual, paying fees) themselves using their home computer. E-government services also improve service for citizens who have access to a computer, Internet and an online payment method (e.g., a credit card or PayPal), because these citizens are not limited by the 9 am-5 pm or 8 am-4 pm business hours of most physical government offices, and citizens do not have to incur the costs of transportation (e.g., bus tickets, gas, parking, etc.) associated with going to a bricks and mortar location. Nevertheless, government e-services do not help all citizens, due to the digital divide; citizens who are in poverty, who are homeless or who live in rural or remote regions may not have access to high speed Internet. These citizens, as well as those who are not comfortable with computers or those who do not understand how to use them, which in practice means elderly people, are not able to benefit from e-services.
See also
Showrooming
Bricks and clicks
Retail apocalypse
Storefront
Online shopping
References
Retail formats
Business terms
Sales
Costs
Customer service |
4036646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%E2%80%93under%20%28disambiguation%29 | Over–under (disambiguation) | Over–under is a bet.
Over–under may also refer to:
Over/under cable coiling
A grappling position called over–under position
An over and under shotgun
Over and Under, an album by folk musician Greg Brown
Over and under are the possible alternatives for toilet paper orientation
Over/Under is a series by the music publication website, Pitchfork |
4036650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyl%20bromide | Butyl bromide | Butyl bromide (C4H9Br) may refer to:
1-Bromobutane (n-Butyl bromide)
2-Bromobutane (sec-butyl bromide)
1-Bromo-2-methylpropane (isobutyl bromide)
2-Bromo-2-methylpropane (tert-butyl bromide) |
4036661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7(8–10), 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. It was Agassi's first major title and his first leg of an eventual career Grand Slam. Ivanisević became the first Croatian representing Croatia to reach a major final.
Michael Stich was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras.
Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to achieve the Surface Slam (winning major titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year) after winning the Australian Open and French Open earlier in the year; he also attempted to win the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in the same calendar year for the first time since Rod Laver in 1969. He lost to Andrei Olhovskiy in the third round.
This was the last Wimbledon at which three-time champion John McEnroe and two-time champion Jimmy Connors competed.
Seeds
Jim Courier (third round)
Stefan Edberg (quarterfinals)
Michael Stich (quarterfinals)
Boris Becker (quarterfinals)
Pete Sampras (semifinals)
Petr Korda (second round)
Michael Chang (first round)
Goran Ivanišević (final)
Guy Forget (quarterfinals)
Ivan Lendl (fourth round)
Richard Krajicek (third round)
Andre Agassi (champion)
Brad Gilbert (third round)
Wayne Ferreira (fourth round)
Alexander Volkov (third round)
David Wheaton (third round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Notes
References
External links
1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4036662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%E2%80%93under%20position | Over–under position | Over–under is a stand-up grappling position in which both combatants have one overhook and one underhook, and is the most common stand-up grappling position in mixed martial arts. The head is typically on the same side as the overhooked arm, to allow greater weight to be put on the opponent's underhooked arm, and hence preventing the opponent from using the underhooked arm effectively. The over–under position can be advanced into a pinch grip tie by locking the hands behind the opponent's back.
See also
Bear hug
Collar-and-elbow position
Double collar tie
Double underhooks
Pinch grip tie
References
Danaher, John; Gracie, Renzo. Two Approaches to Fighting in the Clinch. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
Grappling positions
Wrestling |
4036664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombomodulin | Thrombomodulin | Thrombomodulin (TM), CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoagulant enzyme. Thrombomodulin is also expressed on human mesothelial cell, monocyte and a dendritic cell subset.
Genetics and structure
In humans, thrombomodulin is encoded by the gene. The protein has a molecular mass of 74kDa, and consists of a single chain with six tandemly repeated EGF-like domains, a Serine/Threonine-rich spacer and a transmembrane domain.
It is a member of the C-type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family.
Function
Thrombomodulin functions as a cofactor in the thrombin-induced activation of protein C in the anticoagulant pathway by forming a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with thrombin. This raises the speed of protein C activation thousandfold. Thrombomodulin-bound thrombin has procoagulant effect at the same time by inhibiting fibrinolysis by cleaving thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI, aka carboxypeptidase B2) into its active form.
Thrombomodulin is a glycoprotein on the surface of endothelial cells that, in addition to binding thrombin, regulates C3b inactivation by factor I. Mutations in the thrombomodulin gene (THBD) have also been reported to be associated with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS).
The antigen described as BDCA-3 has turned out to be identical to thrombomodulin. Thus, it was revealed that this molecule also occurs on a very rare (0.02%) subset of human dendritic cells called MDC2. Its function on these cells is unknown.
Interactions
Thrombomodulin has been shown to interact with thrombin.
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
OMIM entries on Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Coagulation system
Clusters of differentiation |
4036670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Johnson%20%28musician%29 | Bob Johnson (musician) | Robert Johnson (born 18 March 1944) is a British guitarist. He was formerly in British folk rock band Steeleye Span from 1972 to 1977, and again from 1980 to 2001.
Early life
Johnson was born in London; his mother was a music teacher. He was educated at Westminster City School in London and the University of Hertfordshire.
Musical career
Johnson played acoustic and electric guitars and sang on Appalachian dulcimer player Roger Nicholson's 1972 album Nonesuch for Dulcimer, credited as Robert Johnson. He went on to become a member of the successful English electric folk band Steeleye Span in 1972, after being introduced by fiddler Peter Knight.
Johnson first appeared on the group's fourth album, Below the Salt, where he took lead vocals on the track "King Henry". Along with "King Henry", he introduced many of the band's better-known songs into the repertoire, such as "Thomas the Rhymer", "Alison Gross", "Long Lankin" and "Gaudete".
Despite taking lead vocals on many songs, he was something of a background member. Johnson left Steeleye Span temporarily in 1977 to work on a concept album, The King of Elfland's Daughter, along with Peter Knight. However, he returned in 1980 to record Sails of Silver. After Tim Hart's departure from the band in 1980, Johnson became the sole guitarist and a more prominent member, taking on a central role for the albums Back in Line (1986) and Tempted and Tried (1989).
Owing to health reasons, he left Steeleye Span in 2000, but returned the following year to record Present--The Very Best of Steeleye Span. However, his remaining health issues prevented him from touring, so he was replaced by Ken Nicol. Nevertheless, he continues to be involved with the band, contributing songwriting and vocals to their studio albums, most recently Wintersmith in 2013.
Personal life
Johnson is a qualified psychologist, having completed a degree with the University of Hertfordshire. He and his former wife, Jane (now divorced), have two children, Barnaby and Holly.
References
1944 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Hertfordshire
British folk guitarists
British rock guitarists
British male guitarists
People educated at Westminster School, London
Steeleye Span members
British folk rock musicians
Chrysalis Records artists |
4036673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penbutolol | Penbutolol | Penbutolol (brand names Levatol, Levatolol, Lobeta, Paginol, Hostabloc, Betapressin) is a medication in the class of beta blockers, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Penbutolol is able to bind to both beta-1 adrenergic receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors (the two subtypes), thus making it a non-selective β blocker. Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug with properties allowing it to act as a partial agonist at β adrenergic receptors.
It was approved by the FDA in 1987 and was withdrawn from the US market by January 2015.
Medical uses
Penbutolol is used to treat mild to moderate high blood pressure. Like other beta blockers it is not a first line treatment for this indication.
It should not be used or only used with caution in people with heart failure and people with asthma. It may mask signs of low blood sugar in people with diabetes and it may mask signs of hyperthyroidism.
Animal studies showed some signs of potential trouble for women who are pregnant, and it has not been tested in women who are pregnant. It is not known if penbutolol is secreted in breast milk.
Side effects
Penbutolol has a low frequency of side effects. These side effects include dizziness, light headedness, and nausea.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Penbutolol is able to bind to both beta-1 adrenergic receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors (the two subtypes), thus making it a non-selective β blocker. Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug with properties allowing it to act as a partial agonist at β adrenergic receptors.
Blocking β adrenergic receptors decreases the heart rate and cardiac output to lower arterial blood pressure. β blockers also decrease renin levels, which ultimately results in less water being reabsorbed by the kidneys and therefore a lower blood volume and blood pressure.
Penbutolol acts on the β1 adrenergic receptors in both the heart and the kidney. When β1 receptors are activated by a catecholamine, they stimulate a coupled G protein which activates adenylyl to convert adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The increase in cAMP ultimately alters the movement of calcium ions in heart muscle and increases heart rate. Penbutolol blocks this and decreases heart rate, which lowers blood pressure.
The ability of penbutolol to act as a partial agonist proves useful in the prevention of bradycardia as a result of decreasing the heart rate excessively. Penbutolol binding β1 adrenergic receptors also alters kidney functions. Under normal physiological conditions, the enzyme renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which will then be converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland, causing a decrease in electrolyte and water retention, ultimately increasing water excretion and decreasing blood volume and pressure.
Like propanolol and pindolol, it is a serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonist; this discovery by several groups in the 1980s generated excitement among those doing research on the serotonin system as such antagonists were rare at that time.
Pharmacokinetics
Penbutolol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, has a bioavailability over 90%, and has a rapid onset of effect. Penbutolol has a half life of five hours.
Society and culture
Availability
Penbutolol was approved by the FDA in 1987. In January 2015 the FDA acknowledged that the penbutolol was no longer marketed in the US, and determined that the drug was not withdrawn for safety reasons.
References
5-HT1A antagonists
5-HT1B antagonists
Beta blockers
N-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamines
Withdrawn drugs
Cyclopentyl compounds |
4036687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20hip%20circle | Back hip circle | The back hip circle is an element in men's and women's artistic gymnastics. It is usually performed on the uneven bars or high bar, but can also be done on the balance beam. It is a basic skill, and is usually one of the first learned by beginning gymnasts, but also appears as a component of more advanced moves. The back hip circle is first used in level 2 women gymnastics.
On bars, the back hip circle is usually performed in combination with a cast. To perform the skill, the gymnast rests on the bar in a front support. He casts away, returns to the bar, and travels around it, returning to a front support.
A more advanced version of the back hip circle is the clear hip. In this move, the gymnast still circles backwards around the bar, but does not return to a front support. A clear hip can be linked to a handstand, dismount or release move.
On beam, the Yurchenko loop and the Teza both end in back hip circles.
External links
Animation and explanation of the back hip circle
Gymnastics elements |
4036688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet%20metro%20station | Universitetet metro station | Universitetet ("the University") is a Metro station in the Frescati area, close to Stockholm University (Stockholms universitet), and the Museum of Natural History. It was opened on 12 January 1975 as the northern terminus of the extension from Tekniska högskolan. On 29 January 1978, the line was extended north to Mörby centrum.
Since the 1990s, the art on the station consists of tiles featuring Carl von Linné and the UN Declaration of Universal Human Rights. This artwork is by Belgian and Parisian artist Françoise Schein. The station includes 12 large tiles panels all dedicated to the travels of Linné around the Baltic. The artist used the travels as the starting point to develop the theme of nature and the ecological problems we are all living now in the world. The work was created in Lisbon on azulejos tiles, then brought to Stockholm. It represents in its conception and its production a real European work of art.
Not far from the station is the Universitetet railway station and several bus lines.
References
External links
Images of Universitetet station
www.inscrire.com
Stockholm metro stations
Railway stations opened in 1975
Stockholm University
Railway stations at university and college campuses |
4036691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya%20Pedersen-Bieri | Maya Pedersen-Bieri | Maya Pedersen-Bieri (born 27 November 1972 in Spiez) is a Swiss-Norwegian skeleton racer who has competed since 1995. She won the gold medal in the women's skeleton event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She retired from the sport in 2010 before returning to compete for Norway (the country of her husband and coach, Snorre Pedersen) in 2016, becoming at the oldest woman to start a World Cup race when she returned to the top level of skeleton in 2017. She is listed in the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation athlete registration system as Maya Pedersen.
Born in Spiez, Switzerland, Pedersen-Bieri is married to Snorre Pedersen (who is her trainer), has two children, both of her children are females and lives in Øyer near Lillehammer, Norway.
Notable results
Before retiring in 2010, Pederen-Bieri was one of the most successful skeleton athletes in the world. Pedersen-Bieri won the FIBT World Championships in the women's skeleton event in 2001 and 2005, and earned two medals at the 2007 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz with a silver in the women's skeleton and a bronze in the mixed bobsleigh-skeleton team event. Pedersen-Bieri also won a silver in the mixed team event at the 2009 championships.
Pedersen-Bieri was European champion in 2006 (in St. Moritz). She won the women's overall Skeleton World Cup in 1997-08. Pedersen-Bieri also finished fifth in the women's skeleton event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. She returned to competition for the 2008-09 Skeleton World Cup after sitting out the 2007-08 season to maternity leave. She finished third in her return at the 2008-09 event in Altenberg, Germany on December 5, 2008. Pedersen-Bieri qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics, finishing ninth, after which she retired.
In 2016, Pedersen-Bieri began a comeback, sliding now for Norway, racing on the two Continental Cup circuits (best result, third in Park City) and the Intercontinental Cup. She represented Norway at the IBSF World Championships 2017 in Königssee where she missed the cut and finished 24th. She returned to the World Cup circuit for the 2017–18 season, missing the cut in the first five races but still earning 19th place in the European Championship race at Igls.
References
Other sources
"Huber edges Szymkowiak in Altenberg World Cup". International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. 5 December 2008. Accessed 6 December 2008.
2002 women's skeleton results (todor66.com)
Women's skeleton Olympic medalists since 2002 (sports123.com)
External links
1972 births
Living people
Olympic skeleton racers of Switzerland
Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland
Skeleton racers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Skeleton racers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Skeleton racers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Swiss female skeleton racers
Olympic medalists in skeleton
People from Spiez
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from the canton of Bern |
4036694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densely%20packed%20decimal | Densely packed decimal | Densely packed decimal (DPD) is an efficient method for binary encoding decimal digits.
The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as binary-coded decimal (BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using packed BCD. Densely packed decimal is a more efficient code that packs three digits into ten bits using a scheme that allows compression from, or expansion to, BCD with only two or three hardware gate delays.
The densely packed decimal encoding is a refinement of Chen–Ho encoding; it gives the same compression and speed advantages, but the particular arrangement of bits used confers additional advantages:
Compression of one or two digits (into the optimal four or seven bits respectively) is achieved as a subset of the three-digit encoding. This means that arbitrary numbers of decimal digits (not only multiples of three digits) can be encoded efficiently. For example, 38 = 12 × 3 + 2 decimal digits can be encoded in 12 × 10 + 7 = 127 bits – that is, 12 sets of three decimal digits can be encoded using 12 sets of ten binary bits and the remaining two decimal digits can be encoded using a further seven binary bits.
The subset encoding mentioned above is simply the rightmost bits of the standard three-digit encoding; the encoded value can be widened simply by adding leading 0 bits.
All seven-bit BCD numbers (0 through 79) are encoded identically by DPD. This makes conversions of common small numbers trivial. (This must break down at 80, because that requires eight bits for BCD, but the above property requires that the DPD encoding must fit into seven bits.)
The low-order bit of each digit is copied unmodified. Thus, the non-trivial portion of the encoding can be considered a conversion from three base-5 digits to seven binary bits. Further, digit-wise logical values (in which each digit is either 0 or 1) can be manipulated directly without any encoding or decoding being necessary.
History
In 1969, Theodore M. Hertz, and in 1971, Tien Chi Chen () with Irving Tze Ho () devised lossless prefix codes (referred to as Hertz and Chen–Ho encodings) which packed three decimal digits into ten binary bits using a scheme which allowed compression from or expansion to BCD with only two or three gate delays in hardware. Densely packed decimal is a refinement of this, devised by Mike F. Cowlishaw in 2002, which was incorporated into the IEEE 754-2008 and ISO/IEC/IEEE 60559:2011 standards for decimal floating point.
Encoding
Like Chen–Ho encoding, DPD encoding classifies each decimal digit into one of two ranges, depending on the most significant bit of the binary form: "small" digits have values 0 through 7 (binary 0000–0111), and "large" digits, 8 through 9 (binary 1000–1001). Once it is known or has been indicated that a digit is small, three more bits are still required to specify the value. If a large value has been indicated, only one bit is required to distinguish between the values 8 or 9.
When encoding, the most significant bits of each of the three digits to be encoded determine one of eight coding patterns for the remaining bits, according to the following table. The table shows how, on decoding, the ten bits of the coded form in columns b9 through b0 are copied into the three digits d2 through d0, and the remaining bits are filled in with constant zeros or ones.
Bits b7, b4 and b0 (c, f and i) are passed through the encoding unchanged, and do not affect the meaning of the other bits. The remaining seven bits can be considered a seven-bit encoding for three base-5 digits.
Bits b8 and b9 are not needed and ignored when decoding DPD groups with three large digits (marked as "x" in the last row of the table above), but are filled with zeros when encoding.
The eight decimal values whose digits are all 8s or 9s have four codings each.
The bits marked x in the table above are ignored on input, but will always be 0 in computed results.
(The 3 × 8 = 24 non-standard encodings fill in the gap between 103 = 1000 and 210 = 1024.)
Examples
This table shows some representative decimal numbers and their encodings in BCD, Chen–Ho, and densely packed decimal (DPD):
See also
Binary-coded decimal (BCD)
Binary integer decimal (BID)
decimal32 floating-point format
decimal64 floating-point format
decimal128 floating-point format
DEC RADIX 50 / MOD40
IBM SQUOZE
References
Further reading
and (NB. This patent is about DPD.)
(NB. An older version can be found here: Packed Decimal Encoding IEEE-754r.)
Binary arithmetic
2002 introductions
2002 in science |
4036700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik%20Holm | Henrik Holm | Henrik Holm (born 22 August 1968) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden, who turned professional in 1988. The right-hander won five doubles titles, reached the quarterfinals of the 1992 Stockholm Masters and achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 17 in July 1993.
Career
Holm started playing tennis at the age of five. His father, Christer, played Davis Cup for Sweden and was ranked No. 2 in his country during the mid 1960s. His mother, Gun, is a tennis coach.
In July 1992 Holm reached his first career Tour singles final in Washington, losing to Petr Korda. Later that year he reached the final at the Tokyo Indoor, losing to Ivan Lendl. In the third round of that tournament he handed Boris Becker his worst career indoor loss (6–1, 6–2).
ATP career finals
Singles: 2 (2 runner-ups)
Doubles: 9 (5 titles, 4 runner-ups)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 9 (6–3)
Doubles: 11 (7–4)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
Swedish male tennis players
People from Täby Municipality
Sportspeople from Stockholm County |
4036701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harumi%20Island%20Triton%20Square | Harumi Island Triton Square | is high-rise office and residential complex in the Harumi district of Chūō, Tokyo, Japan.
It consists of four towers, one of which is significantly shorter than the others; the three tall towers are the source of the name "Triton," and the total number of four is the source of the name "Square."
Triton Square is located near Kachidoki Station on the Toei Oedo Line and Tsukishima Station on the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line.
References
External links
Skyscraper office buildings in Tokyo
Office buildings completed in 2000
Residential buildings completed in 2000
Residential skyscrapers in Tokyo |
4036703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime%20mortar | Lime mortar | Lime mortar or torching is composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water. The ancient Egyptians were the first to use lime mortars, which they used to plaster their temples. In addition, the Egyptians also incorporated various limes into their religious temples as well as their homes. Indian traditional structures built with lime mortar, which are more than 4,000 years old like Mohenjo-daro is still a heritage monument of Indus valley civilization in Pakistan. It is one of the oldest known types of mortar also used in ancient Rome and Greece, when it largely replaced the clay and gypsum mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction.
With the introduction of Portland cement during the 19th century, the use of lime mortar in new constructions gradually declined. This was largely due to the ease of use of Portland cement, its quick setting, and high compressive strength. However, the soft and porous properties of lime mortar provide certain advantages when working with softer building materials such as natural stone and terracotta. For this reason, while Portland cement continues to be commonly used in new brick and concrete construction, in the repair and restoration of brick and stone-built structures originally built using lime mortar, the use of Portland cement is not recommended.
Despite its enduring utility over many centuries, lime mortar's effectiveness as a building material has not been well understood; time-honoured practices were based on tradition, folklore and trade knowledge, vindicated by the vast number of old buildings that remain standing. Only during the last few decades has empirical testing provided a scientific understanding of its remarkable durability. Both professionals and do-it-yourself home owners can purchase lime putty mortar (and have their historical mortar matched for both color and content) by companies that specialize in historical preservation and sell pre-mixed mortar in small batches.
Etymology
Lime comes from Old English lim 'sticky substance, birdlime, mortar, cement, gluten', and is related to Latin limus 'slime, mud, mire', and linere 'to smear'. Mortar is a mixture with cement and comes from Old French mortier 'builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing' in the late 13th century and Latin mortarium 'mortar'. Lime is a cement which is a binder or glue which holds things together but cement is usually reserved for Portland cement.
Uses
Lime mortar today is primarily used in the conservation of buildings originally built using lime mortar, but may be used as an alternative to ordinary portland cement. It is made principally of lime (hydraulic, or non hydraulic), water and an aggregate such as sand. Portland cement has proven to be incompatible with lime mortar because it is harder, less flexible, and impermeable. These qualities lead to premature deterioration of soft, historic bricks so the traditionally, low temperature fired, lime mortars are recommended for use with existing mortar of a similar type or reconstruction of buildings using historically correct methods. In the past, lime mortar tended to be mixed on site with whatever sand was locally available. Since the sand influences the colour of the lime mortar, colours of pointing mortar can vary dramatically from district to district.
Hydraulic and non-hydraulic lime
Hydraulic lime contains substances which set by hydration so it can set under water. Non-hydraulic lime sets by carbonation and so needs exposure to carbon dioxide in the air and cannot set under water or inside a thick wall. For natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortars, the lime is obtained from limestone naturally containing a sufficient percentage of silica and/or alumina. Artificial hydraulic lime is produced by introducing specific types and quantities of additives to the source of lime during the burning process, or adding a pozzolan to non-hydraulic lime. Non-hydraulic lime is produced from a high purity source of calcium carbonate such as chalk, limestone or oyster shells.
Non-hydraulic lime
Non-hydraulic lime is primarily composed of (generally greater than 95%) calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2.
Non-hydraulic lime is produced by first heating sufficiently pure calcium carbonate to between 954° and 1066 °C, driving off carbon dioxide to produce quicklime (calcium oxide). This is done in a lime kiln. The quicklime is then slaked: hydrated by being thoroughly mixed with enough water to form a slurry (lime putty), or with less water to produce dry powder. This hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) naturally turns back into calcium carbonate by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air, the entire process being called the lime cycle.
The slaking process involved in creating a lime putty is an exothermic reaction which initially creates a liquid of a creamy consistency. This is then matured for 2 to 3 months—depending upon environmental conditions—to allow time for it to condense and mature into a lime putty.
A matured lime putty is thixotropic, meaning that when a lime putty is agitated it changes from a putty into a more liquid state. This aids its use for mortars as it makes a mortar easier to work with. If left to stand following agitation a lime putty will slowly revert from a thick liquid to a putty state.
As well as calcium-based limestone, dolomitic limes can be produced which are based on calcium magnesium carbonate.
A frequent source of confusion regarding lime mortar stems from the similarity of the terms hydraulic and hydrated.
Hydrated lime is any lime other than quicklime, and can refer to either hydraulic (hardens under water) or non-hydraulic (does not harden under water) lime.
Lime putty is always non-hydraulic and will keep indefinitely stored under water. As the name suggests, lime putty is in the form of a putty made from just lime and water.
If the quicklime is slaked with an excess of water then putty or slurry is produced. If just the right quantity of water is used, the result is a dry material (any excess water escaping as steam during heating). This is ground to make hydrated lime powder.
Hydrated, non-hydraulic lime powder can be mixed with water to form lime putty. Before use putty is usually left in the absence of carbon dioxide (usually under water) to mature. Putty can be matured for as little as 24 hours or for many years; an increased maturation time improves the quality of the putty. There is an argument that a lime putty which has been matured for an extended period (over 12 months) becomes so stiff that it is difficult to work.
There is some dispute as to the comparative quality of putty formed from dry hydrated lime compared with that produced as putty at the time of slaking. It is generally agreed that the latter is preferable. A hydrated lime will produce a material which is not as "fatty”, being a common trade term for compounds have a smoother buttery texture when worked. Often, due to lengthy and poor storage, the resulting lime produced by hydrated lime will exhibit longer carbonatation periods as well as lower compressive strengths.
Non-hydraulic lime takes longer to set and is weaker than hydraulic lime, and should not be allowed to freeze before it is well set. Although the setting process can be slow, the drying time of a lime mortar must be regulated at a slow rate to ensure a good final set. A rapidly dried lime mortar will result in a low-strength, poor-quality final mortar often displaying shrinkage cracks. In practice, lime mortars are often protected from direct sunlight and wind with damp hessian sheeting or sprayed with water to control the drying rates. But it also has the quality of autogeneous healing (self healing) where some free lime dissolves in water and is redeposited in any tiny cracks which form.
Oyster Shell Mortar
In the tidewater region of Maryland and Virginia, oyster shells were used to produce quicklime during the colonial period. Similar to other materials used to produce lime, the oyster shells are burned. This can be done in a lime rick instead of a kiln. Burning shells in a rick is something that Colonial Williamsburg and the recreation of Ferry Farm have had to develop from conjecture and in-the-field learning. The rick that they constructed consists of logs set up in a circle that burn slowly, converting oysters that are contained in the wood pile to an ashy powder. An explanatory video of how the rick was built for the Ferry Farm can be found here. The burnt shell can then be slaked and turned into lime putty.
Mortars using oyster shells can sometimes be identified by the presence of small bits of shell in the exposed mortar joint. In restoration masonry, the bits of shell are sometimes exaggerated to give the viewer the impression of authenticity. Unfortunately, these modern attempts often contain higher than necessary ratios of Portland cement. This can cause failures in the brick if the mortar joint is stronger than the brick elements.
Hydraulic lime
Hydraulic lime sets by reaction with water called hydration.
When a stronger lime mortar is required, such as for external or structural purposes, a pozzolan can be added, which improves its compressive strength and helps to protect it from weathering damage. Pozzolans include powdered brick, heat treated clay, silica fume, fly ash, and volcanic materials. The chemical set imparted ranges from very weak to almost as strong as Portland cement.
This can also assist in creating more regulated setting times of the mortar as the pozzolan will create a hydraulic set, which can be of benefit in restoration projects when time scales and ultimately costs need to be monitored and maintained.
Hydraulic lime can be considered, in terms both of properties and manufacture, as part-way between non-hydraulic lime and Portland cement. The limestone used contains sufficient quantities of clay and/or silica. The resultant product will contain dicalcium silicate but unlike Portland cement not tricalcium silicate.
It is slaked enough to convert the calcium oxide to calcium hydroxide but not with sufficient water to react with the dicalcium silicate. It is this dicalcium silicate which in combination with water provides the setting properties of hydraulic lime.
Aluminium and magnesium also produce a hydraulic set, and some pozzolans contain these elements.
There are three strength grades for natural hydraulic lime, laid down in the European Norm EN459; NHL2, NHL3.5 and NHL5. The numbers stand for the minimum compressive strength at 28 days in newtons per square millimeter (N/mm2). For example, the NHL 3.5 strength ranges from 3.5 N/mm2 (510 psi) to 10 N/mm2 (1,450 psi). These are similar to the old classification of feebly hydraulic, moderately hydraulic and eminently hydraulic, and although different, some people continue to refer to them interchangeably. The terminology for hydraulic lime mortars was improved by the skilled French civil engineer Louis Vicat in the 1830s from the older system of water limes and feebly, moderately and eminently. Vicat published his work following research of the use of lime mortars whilst building bridges and roads in his work. The French company Vicat still currently produce natural cements and lime mortars. Names of lime mortars were so varied and conflicting across the European continent that the reclassification has greatly improved the understanding and use of lime mortars.
Mix
Traditional lime mortar is a combination of lime putty and aggregate (usually sand). A typical modern lime mortar mix would be 1 part lime putty to 3 parts washed, well graded, sharp sand. Other materials have been used as aggregate instead of sand. The theory is that the voids of empty space between the sand particles account for a 1/3 of the volume of the sand. The lime putty when mixed at a 1 to 3 ratio, fill these voids to create a compact mortar. Analysis of mortar samples from historic buildings typically indicates a higher ratio of around 1 part lime putty to 1.5 part aggregate/sand was commonly used. This equates to approximately 1 part dry quicklime to 3 parts sand. A traditional coarse plaster mix also had horse hair added for reinforcing and control of shrinkage, important when plastering to wooden laths and for base (or dubbing) coats onto uneven surfaces such as stone walls where the mortar is often applied in thicker coats to compensate for the irregular surface levels.
If shrinkage and cracking of the lime mortar does occur this can be as a result of either
The sand being poorly graded or with a particle size that is too small
The mortar being applied too thickly (Thicker coats increase the possibility of shrinkage, cracking and slumping)
Too much suction from the substrate
High air temperatures or direct sunlight which force dry the mortar
High water content in the lime mortar mix
Poor quality or unmatured lime putty
A common method for mixing lime mortar with powdered lime is as follows:
Gather your ingredients, sand, lime, and water
Measure out your ratio of sand to lime, for example 3 buckets of sand, and 1 bucket of lime for a 3:1 ratio.
Mix the dry ingredients thoroughly so all the sand is coated with lime, and there are neither chunks of sand or lime visible.
Reserve some portion of the dry ingredients by removing it from your mixing vessel. The amount reserved can vary, but a safe starting point is about 1/4 of the batch. This will be added in later to fine tune the dryness of the mix.
Measure out water. How much depends on how wet you want your mix to be, and how damp/wet your sand is. A good starting point is 1 quart of water per gallon of sand.
Add about 2/3 of the water to your dry ingredients and mix until even consistency.
Add the reserved dry ingredients and/or the remaining water to get a mix you like. It takes time to know what works well, and the recipe can change depending on the temperature, humidity, moisture in the sand, type of brick, and task at hand (laying brick may warrant a wetter mix, while pointing may require a drier one.
To test the mix as you are making it, you can use a trowel, or pat the mortar with your hand to see how much moisture and "cream" come to the surface.
Remember to thoroughly wet your brick prior to using lime mortar. Old brick can be extremely porous, a 4lb brick can hold a pint of water. The bricks should be saturated, but dry on the surface prior to laying or pointing. Excess water can cause the lime to run and leave streaks.
Hair reinforcement
Hair reinforcement is common in lime plaster and many types of hair and other organic fibres can be found in historic plasters. However, organic material in lime will degrade in damp environments particularly on damp external renders. This problem has given rise to the use of polypropylene fibres in new lime renders
Properties
Lime mortar is not as strong in compression as Portland cement based mortar, but both are sufficiently strong for construction of non-high-rise domestic properties.
Lime mortar does not adhere as strongly to masonry as Portland cement. This is an advantage with softer types of masonry, where use of cement in many cases eventually results in cement pulling away some masonry material when it reaches the end of its life. The mortar is a sacrificial element which should be weaker than the bricks so it will crack before the bricks. It is less expensive to replace cracked mortar than cracked bricks.
Under cracking conditions, Portland cement breaks, whereas lime often produces numerous microcracks if the amount of movement is small. These microcracks recrystallise through the action of 'free lime' effectively self-healing the affected area.
Historic buildings are frequently constructed with relatively soft masonry units (e.g. soft brick and many types of stone), and minor movement in such buildings is quite common due to the nature of the foundations. This movement breaks the weakest part of the wall, and with Portland cement mortar this is usually the masonry. When lime mortar is used, the lime is the weaker element, and the mortar cracks in preference to the masonry. This results in much less damage, and is relatively simple to repair.
Lime mortar is more porous than cement mortars, and it wicks any dampness in the wall to the surface where it evaporates. Thus any salt content in the water crystallises on the lime, damaging the lime and thus saving the masonry. Cement, on the other hand, evaporates water less than soft brick, so damp issues are liable to cause salt formation and spalling on brick surfaces and consequent disintegration of bricks. This damp evaporation ability is widely referred to as 'breathability'.
Lime mortar should not be used below temperatures of and takes longer to set so it should be protected from freezing for three months. Because of its faster set, hydraulic lime may not need as much time before freezing temperatures begin.
Usually any dampness in the wall will cause the lime mortar to change colour, indicating the presence of moisture. The effect will create an often mottled appearance of a limewashed wall. As the moisture levels within a wall alter, so will the shade of a limewash. The darker the shade of limewash, the more pronounced this effect will become.
A load of mixed lime mortar may be allowed to sit as a lump for some time, without it drying out (it may get a thin crust). When ready to use, this lump may be remixed ('knocked up') again and then used. Traditionally on building sites, prior to the use of mechanical mixers, the lime putty (slaked on site in a pit) was mixed with sand by a labourer who would "beat and ram" the mix with a "larry" (a wide hoe with large holes). This was then covered with sand and allowed to sit for a while (from days to weeks) - a process known as 'banking'. This lump was then remixed and used as necessary. This process cannot be done with Portland cement.
Lime with Portland cement
The combination of Portland cement and lime is used for stabilization and solidification of the ground through establishing of lime cement columns or stabilization of the entire upper mass volume. The method provides an increase in strength when it comes to vibrations, stability and settling. When building e.g. roads and railways, the method is more common and widespread (Queen Eufemias street in Central Oslo, E18 at Tønsberg etc.).
For preservation purposes, Type N and Type O mortars are often used. A Type N mortar is 1 part Portland, 1 part Lime and 6 parts sand or other aggregate (1:1:6). A Type O mortar is 1 part Portland, 2 parts Lime and 9 parts sand or other aggregate (1:2:9). Straight lime mortar has no Portland, and 1 part Lime to 3 parts sand or other aggregate. The addition of cement or other pozzolan to decrease cure times is referred to as “gauging.” Other than Portland, ash and brick dust have been used to gauge mortars.
For historic restoration purposes, and restoration work involving repointing or brick replacement, masons must discover the original brick and mortar and repair it with a similar material. The National Park Service provides guidance for proper masonry repointing through Preservation Brief 2. In general, Brief 2 suggests that repointing should be done with a similar or weaker mortar. Therefore, a straight lime mortar joint should be repointed in kind. Due to the popularity of Portland cement, this often is not the case. A wall system needs a balance between the mortar and brick that allows the mortar to be the weak part of the unit. When mortar is stronger than the brick, it prevents any natural movement in the wall and the faces of the brick will begin to deteriorate, a process known as spalling, the process by which the outer face of a brick degrades and can flake off or turn to powder. There is also a natural movement of water through a masonry wall. A strong Portland cement mix will prevent a free flow of water from a moist to dry area. This can cause rising damp to be trapped within the wall and create system failures. If moisture can not escape into the air, it will cause damage to a wall structure. Water freezing in the wall is another cause of spalling.
In restoration work of pre-20th century structures, there should be a high ratio of lime and aggregate to Portland. This reduces the compressive strength of the mortar but allows the wall system to function better. The lime mortar acts as a wick that helps to pull water from the brick. This can help to prevent the older brick from spalling. Even when the brick is a modern, harder element, repointing with a higher ratio lime mortar may help to reduce rising damp.
It may not be advisable for all consumers to use a straight lime mortar. With no Portland in the mix, there is less control over the setting of the mortar. In some cases, a freeze thaw cycle will be enough to create failure in the mortar joint. Straight lime mortar can also take a long time to fully cure and therefore work needs to be performed at a time of year where the weather conditions are conducive to the mortar setting properly. Those conditions are not only above freezing temperatures but also drier seasons. To protect the slow curing mortar from damp, a siloxane can be added to the surface. With historic structures, this may be a controversial strategy as it could have a detrimental effect to the historic fabric.
The presence of Portland allows for a more stable mortar. The stability and predictability make the mixed mortar more user friendly, particularly in applications where entire wall sections are being laid. Contractors and designers may prefer mixes that contain Portland due to the increased compressive strength over a straight lime mortar. As many pre-Portland mix buildings are still standing and have original mortar, the arguments for greater compressive strength and ease of use may be more a result of current practice and a lack of understanding of older techniques.
See also
Energetically modified cement
Hempcrete
Plastering
Sticky rice mortar
Whitewash
References
Further reading
Burnell, George Rowdon; Rudimentary Treatise on Limes, Cements, Mortars, Concretes, Mastics, Plastering, Etc.
Dibdin, William Joseph; Lime Mortar & Cement: Their Characteristics and Analyses. With an Account of Artificial Stone and Asphalt
Gilmore, Quincy A.; Limes Hydraulic Cement and Mortars
Hodgson, Fred T.; Concrete, Cements, Mortars, Artificial Marbles, Plasters and Stucco: How to Use and How to Prepare Them
Lazell, Ellis Warren; Lime Mortar & Cement : Their Characteristics and Analyses. With an Account of Artificial Stone and Asphalt
External links
The following are mid-19th-century technical articles on the respective subjects: lime mortar, cement making on a small scale, cement making on a large scale and mortar.
Gerard Lynch, 'The Myth in the Mix: The 1:3 Ratio of Lime to Sand', The Building Conservation Directory, 2007
Building materials
Cement
Masonry |
4036711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-%C3%89mile%20Victor | Paul-Émile Victor | Paul-Émile Victor (born Paul Eugène Victor; 28 June 1907 – 7 March 1995) was a French ethnologist and explorer.
Victor was born in Geneva, Switzerland to French Jewish parents of Bohemian and Polish descent. He graduated from École Centrale de Lyon in 1928. In 1931, he learned how to fly with his instructor and friend, Claude de Cambronne. In 1936, he led an expedition traversing Greenland by dog-sled. Victor, Robert Gessain, Michel Perez, and Eigil Knuth completed the 825 km from Christianshåb in the west to Angmagssalik in the east in 44 days. During World War II, he engaged himself in the US Air Forces.
After the War, he initiated the Expéditions polaires françaises to organize French polar expeditions. He died in 1995 on Bora Bora, to which he had retired in 1977.
A survey led by Victor in 1951 concluded that, under the ice sheet, Greenland is composed of three large islands. In 1952 he was awarded the Patron's Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society of London for the work.
Mount Victor, in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica, is named for him.
His son, Jean-Christophe Victor, stars in the weekly geopolitical show Le dessous des cartes on Arte until December 2016.
References
External links
Records of the Field Expedition to Greenland at Dartmouth College Library
1907 births
1995 deaths
French explorers
École Centrale de Lyon alumni
French people of Polish-Jewish descent
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Scientists from Geneva |
4036732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Saceanu | Christian Saceanu | Christian Saceanu (born 8 July 1968) is a retired tennis player from Germany, who turned professional in 1986. The right-hander won two singles titles (1988, Bristol and 1991, Rosmalen) in his career. Saceanu reached his highest singles ATP-ranking in March 1988 when he became the number 60 of the world.
He began playing tennis when he was nine. He was ranked No. 1 in the Romanian 14s and one year later moved with his family to West Germany where he won the German national singles title in 1986. In that same year he was ranked No. 1 in the 18s.
Career finals
Singles
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
German male tennis players
Romanian emigrants to Germany
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
West German male tennis players |
4036739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Schoch | Philipp Schoch | Philipp Schoch (born 10 October 1979) is a Swiss snowboarder. He won a gold medal in the Parallel Giant Slalom at the 2002 Winter Olympics. At the next Olympics, he faced his brother Simon Schoch in the Parallel Giant Slalom Final. Philipp raced away to an unassailable 0.88 second lead in the first leg of the final, retaining his Olympic crown. He is the first snowboarder to win two gold medals in the Winter Olympics. At the world championships, he won two silver medals in the slalom events in 2007.
References
External links
SchochBrothers.ch – Website of Philipp and Simon Schoch
Swiss male snowboarders
Olympic snowboarders of Switzerland
Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
1979 births
Living people
Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland
Olympic medalists in snowboarding
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
People from Winterthur
Sportspeople from the canton of Zürich |
4036742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe%27s%20Sword | Sharpe's Sword | Sharpe's Sword is a historical novel in the Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell. It is the fourth in the series, being first published in 1983, though the fourteenth chronologically. Set in the summer of 1812 including the Battle of Salamanca on 22 July 1812, the story follows Sharpe and his friend Sergeant Harper involved in espionage while hunting down the sadistic and highly dangerous Colonel Philippe Leroux.
Plot summary
French Colonel Philippe Leroux and Captain Paul Delmas are fleeing from the King's German Legion toward Sharpe's Light Company. Leroux has extracted the secret identity of El Mirador, Britain's most important spy in Spain, from a priest he tortured. Leroux kills Delmas and assumes his identity and then allows himself to be captured by Sharpe and his men, knowing that the British would never exchange an imperial colonel. Sharpe covets Leroux's sword, a finely crafted, superbly balanced Klingenthal heavy cavalry sword. As Captain Delmas, Leroux gives his parole to Major Joseph Forrest. Whilst he is being escorted back to Wellington's headquarters, he kills his escort and escapes on horseback towards Salamanca. Lieutenant Colonel Windham pursues Leroux on horseback, but Leroux kills him. He gains sanctuary in one of the three French-controlled forts outside Salamanca, after Father Curtis protects him from the locals.
Sharpe confronts Curtis, who explains that the Frenchman is in fact Leroux, and that he was protecting the city's residents against Leroux's revenge if the city were to be recaptured by the French. Sharpe takes an instant dislike to Curtis, whom he thinks is sympathetic to the French. In Salamanca, Sharpe is introduced to the breathtakingly beautiful Marquesa de Casares el Grande y Melida Sadaba, and to Captain Lord Jack Spears. Wellington's army arrives at Salamanca as part of their manoeuvring against Marshal Marmont's army. Major Michael Hogan is both disturbed and relieved when Sharpe gives him a list Leroux dropped; the list was stolen from Hogan and contains the names of many of his spies. Many of them have recently been tortured and killed by Leroux.
Frustrated at his inability to bring Marmont to battle on his terms, Wellington finally sends two battalions, including the South Essex, against three French battalions in an effort to provoke Marmont, but Marmont does not rise to the bait.
Following the battle, Wellington places Sharpe and the Light Company under Hogan's command (as he and his men can identify Leroux) to ensure Leroux does not escape from the French forts. The Sixth Division attempts to storm the forts by surprise, but the French have been tipped off and slaughter the attackers. Sharpe is invited to a party by La Marquesa, but decides not to attend. Nevertheless Lord Spears later persuades him to go. As he prepares to leave the party, one of the servants takes him to a garden for a private meeting with La Marquesa. She obliquely claims to be El Mirador, and begs Sharpe to protect her from Leroux. They become lovers (her fat old husband being away suppressing a revolt in Brazil); after a while, she tells him her first name is Helena.
After several days, the forts are assaulted again and quickly surrender. Sharpe and his men examine the French prisoners several times, but cannot find Leroux. After searching the wounded, Sharpe allows them to be taken to the hospital in Salamanca. After Harper discovers a disemboweled French soldier who does not appear to have a full complement of intestines, Sharpe realises that Leroux has disguised himself as a French soldier with a severe stomach wound. Leaving his jacket behind (he had taken it off due to the heat), Sharpe and Harper race to the hospital, disrupting Leroux's rendezvous with a confederate who has brought a horse for him. Whilst searching the hospital, Harper discovers Leroux and a struggle ensues. Harper is pushed down a staircase and knocked unconscious. Sharpe comes running and engages in a sword duel with Leroux until the blade of Sharpe's sabre is shattered. Before Leroux can kill him, a sentry comes to his aid, and Leroux flees. Leroux shoots Sharpe in the stomach.
The Light Company eventually realise that Sharpe and Harper are missing and Major Hogan is alerted. A search of the hospital finds Harper still unconscious, but Sharpe cannot be found. When his discarded trousers are found, it is believed that he was mistaken for a dead French soldier and buried in a mass grave. In fact, he has been taken to the death ward run by Sergeant Connolley in the dank basement. Sharpe, unrecognised, drifts in and out of consciousness, but refuses to die from a wound that is almost always fatal. Hogan and Harper resume the search. They finally find Sharpe, but he is barely clinging to life. While the army moves on, Harper and Isabella (the peasant girl Harper rescued in the Battle of Badajoz) minister to Sharpe. In the meantime, Hogan assigns Lord Spears and some men to discreetly guard El Mirador.
With time on his hands, Harper buys a sword and spends many hours working on it. Isabella tells him that Sharpe is on the road to full recovery. When Lord Spears visits, Sharpe, he suggests that Lord Spears is protecting El Mirador. Sharpe's knowledge of this surprises Spears and makes him uncomfortable, but he nevertheless confirms Sharpe's hunch. As Sharpe recuperates, Harper returns to the Light Company.
A month later, Hogan sends Sharpe a letter telling him that the French will soon be returning to Salamanca and that he must pack and leave. That evening, Father Curtis returns Sharpe's stolen rifle. Curtis tells Sharpe that one of his correspondents in Paris has discovered that Leroux has a multi-lingual sister named Hélène. Curtis believes that this must be La Marquesa. Hogan does as well, and asks Sharpe to feed her false information that Wellington intends to speedily retreat to Portugal, while remaining with one division as rearguard to fool the French into believing otherwise. Sharpe realises that Curtis is El Mirador, not La Marquesa. Whilst hoping that she is not a French spy, he does deceive her later that evening.
Sharpe, still not fully healed, rejoins Wellington's army, riding on a horse that was a gift from La Marquesa. Marmont, suspecting already that Wellington is racing for the border, has these suspicions confirmed by a message from La Marquesa and he sends his army in pursuit, enabling Wellington to spring his trap, and the Battle of Salamanca ensues. The French left is destroyed by a British cavalry charge. Marmont and his deputy are both injured, so General Clausel assumes command. The British Fourth Division (including the South Essex) attack the French centre, but are repulsed by a French counterattack. Sharpe seeing the South Essex being pushed back and realising that they need to stand firm in order to channel the French columns into a killing ground for the Sixth Division, cannot resist joining the battle. He gets the wavering Light Company to stand their ground, and the French column is crushed. The French withdraw under the protection of their still undefeated right, hoping to cross the bridge at Alba de Tormes and escape. Wellington believes that a Spanish garrison holds the bridge and that the French are trapped. Unbeknownst to him, however, the Spanish have fled, believing that the British have been defeated, and the French retreat proceeds unopposed.
Lord Spears conducts a solo charge against the fleeing French and is fatally shot. Sharpe comes to his aid. Spears is dying and he wants Sharpe to tell his sister that he died honourably and he tells Sharpe that he wants to die because he has the Black Lion (syphilis), which results in an ugly death. He tells Sharpe that he knew that Hélène was a French spy and that he had told Hogan this some time ago. Sharpe realises that he is lying and suspects that he is the traitor in the British headquarters who stole Hogan's list. He threatens to kill Spears by stabbing him in the back (which would make it seem like he was killed whilst running away). Spears relents and confesses. He had not sold out Curtis because Leroux already knew. but he did give Leroux the book in which Curtis had written down the details of all the agents in his network. Spears had been hoping that in exchange Leroux would give him a night with his sister, but instead, he gave him back his parole and promised to provide his sister with a dowry when he returned to Paris. Then, at Spears' own request, Sharpe shoots him in the head. He reports to Hogan that Leroux has Curtis's book.
Sharpe, Harper and Hogan pursue the retreating French through the night in an effort to intercept Leroux. In the morning, they catch up to him, but he is able to outrun them and gain the protection of one of three French infantry squares. The French infantry subsequently ambush a British/King's German Legion cavalry charge against the French cavalry. Against extremely heavy odds, the enraged cavalry succeed in breaking the squares, albeit with heavy casualties.
Sharpe corners Leroux. Leroux shoots at him, missing Sharpe, but killing his horse. Sharpe shoots Leroux, wounding him in the leg and causing him to be thrown from his horse. Leroux refuses to fight, preferring to surrender. Sharpe forces him to fight, threatening to kill him anyway if he does not. In the ensuing sword duel, Sharpe kills Leroux and recovers Leroux's sword and the coded book.
La Marquesa is allowed to leave Salamanca, since it is not in the British interest to create a scandal involving a high-ranking Spanish aristocrat. She encounters Sharpe, and is not particularly upset when she learns that Sharpe killed her brother. Sharpe chooses to keep Harper's present, feeling it is lucky, while throwing LeRoux's sword - which, despite its beauty, has only been used for evil purposes - into the river.
Characters in "Sharpe's Sword"
Captain Richard Sharpe – Rifle Captain in the British army, Officer Commanding the Light Company of the South Essex Battalion.
Sergeant Patrick Harper – one of Sharpe's new group of Rifles, one of the Chosen Men
Major Michael Hogan – an Engineer, and Wellesley's head of intelligence.
Lieutenant General Wellington – commander of the British army in Spain.
Colonel Philippe Leroux – ruthless French officer of Napoleon’s imperial guard; sent to Spain as Napoleon’s emissary to find El Mirador and to destroy his spy network.
Hélène Leroux, La Marquesa de Casares el Grande y Melida Sadaba – expatriate French wife to a Spanish aristocrat general, and sister to Colonel Philippe Leroux.
The Reverend Doctor Patrick Curtis – an expatriate Irish priest and Rector of the Irish College and Professor of Astronomy and Natural History at the University of Salamanca. Known to the Spanish as Don Patricio Cortes. Runs a British spy network covering Spain and France under the code name El Mirador.
Captain Lord Jack Spears – British cavalry officer, works for Major Hogan as an exploring officer; chronic gambler and womaniser.
Marshal of France Auguste Marmont – commander of the French army in northern Spain.
Allusions to actual history
References are made to incidents during the Peninsular War and the 1812 Battle of Salamanca. Lieutenant General Wellington, Marshal of France Auguste Marmont, Patrick Curtis, Sergeant Connelley (in charge of the death ward in the novel) and Colquhoun Grant (exploring officer captured by Colonel Leroux) were all based on real historical figures of the same name, with limited dramatic licence taken.
Adaptations
Sharpe’s Sword has been adapted for TV as Sharpe's Sword, a 1995 British television drama, part of a series screened on the ITV network. While based on the novel, it is set a year later (1813) than the book and contains several other variations to the novel.
Publication history
1983, UK, Harper Collins , Pub date 1983, Paperback
1983, UK, Harper Collins , Pub date 18 May 1988, Paperback
1983, UK, Harper Collins , Pub date 1994, Paperback
References
External links
Section from Bernard Cornwell's website on Sharpe's Sword
1983 British novels
Sword
Fiction set in 1812
William Collins, Sons books |
4036749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrom%20Harry%20Katz | Amrom Harry Katz | Amrom Harry Katz (August 15, 1915 – February 10, 1997) was an American physicist who specialized in aerial reconnaissance as well as satellite technology.
Katz developed methods for aerial reconnaissance supported by space satellites. His work was used by military intelligence, and for locating disaster victims. On August 18, 2000 he was acknowledged as one of the ten Founders of the National Reconnaissance Office.
Between 1954 and 1969 he worked for the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California.
References
1915 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American physicists
Aerial reconnaissance
RAND Corporation people |
4036763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moholy-Nagy%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design | The Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (in Hungarian: Moholy-Nagy Művészeti Egyetem, MOME), former Hungarian University of Arts and Design, is located in Budapest, Hungary. Named after László Moholy-Nagy, the university offers programs in art, architecture, designer and visual communication.
History
The predecessor of the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, the Hungarian Royal National School of Arts and Crafts, was founded in 1880 and operated under this name until 1944. Like other European Art Colleges, it evolved from a handicraft industry school, the Model Drawing School. Its founder and first director, Gusztáv Kelety declared the ‘educational support of a more artistic wood and furniture industry’ the aim of the new institution. The spirit of the school was fundamentally influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement of Britain, as well as by Hungarian folklore.
At first there was only one department, in which architectural drawing and design were taught. Goldsmithing and xylography classes started in 1883, while decorative painting and copperplate engraving classes began in 1884. The decorative sculpture class, uniting small sculpture and wood-carving, was established in 1885. In 1896, the school, which had been scattered in different parts of Budapest, moved to the new Museum of Applied Arts, and came under the directorship of Kamill Flitter. The number of registered students at that time was 120.
The idea of converting the school into a college arose in the early 1940s, but the rigours of the war years prevented any steps from being taken. Following the repair of damage suffered in the Second World War, teaching resumed in March 1945, and preparations to reorganise the school continued. In 1946 the ministry decided to elevate the school’s rank; thus the College of Arts and Crafts was established.
In 1950 there were already six degree courses, and the number of students in 1952 rose to 280. In 1954 parts of the College moved to the present location in Zugligeti Street, but some of the workshops remained in the Kinizsi Street annex of the Museum of Applied Arts. In 1955 another reorganisation occurred: with the termination of the theatre stage design course, four degree courses remained: interior decoration, decorative painting, decorative sculpture and textile design. The industrial design degree course was initiated in 1959.
The appointment of Frigyes Pogány to the head of the College in 1964 ushered in a new era of reforms, coinciding with the growing appreciation of the social role of applied arts. In 1971 the College was granted university rank, but remained a college in name. In 1982, under István Gergely, a new series of reforms were introduced: the departments were changed into institutes, allowing students to earn college and university degrees in the incremental educational system. In the mid-1980s, the range of courses was extended with the establishment of photography, video and art management courses. The official gallery of the College, Tölgyfa Galéra, opened its doors to the public in Henger Street in 1987. With the appointment of the renowned ceramic artist to the head of the College, uniform university training was introduced, and the departments were re-established. In 1997, because of economic restrictions, the structure of the institution was modified again.
The University was accredited in 1998.
Since 1999, textile designer Judit Droppa has served as president of the University. In 2002 a far-reaching development plan was devised, the first phase calling for the removal of the Tölgyfa Gallery from Henger Street and the renovation of the main building of the University in the same year. The current rector of the University is József Fülöp.
In March 2006 the Hungarian University of Arts and Design announced its new name as Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design.
Departments
Architecture
Product Design
Silicate Design
Textile Design
Media (graphic design, media design, animation, photography)
Others:
Teacher Training
Manager Training
Doctoral Studies
Notable faculty and alumni
Sándor Bortnyik
László Moholy-Nagy
István Orosz
Gábor Megyeri
Ernő Rubik, the inventor of Rubik's Cube.
See also
External links
(Hungarian and English)
Cumulus page (English)
Aerial photography of the building
References
1880 establishments in Hungary
Educational institutions established in 1880 |
4036764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Bareja | Stanisław Bareja | Stanisław Sylwester Bareja (5 December 1929 – 14 June 1987) was a Polish filmmaker. Some of his films (mostly comedies) have reached cult status in Poland.
His most famous film is Teddy Bear (Miś), filmed in 1980. His last work was Zmiennicy, a TV series completed in 1986 and aired in 1987.
On 21 September 2006 Bareja was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by President Lech Kaczynski and in 2005, a street in Warsaw was named after Stanislaw Bareja.
Works
Director
Zmiennicy (1986)
Alternatywy 4 (1983)
Teddy Bear (Miś, 1980)
What Will You Do When You Catch Me? (Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie złapiesz?, 1978)
Brunet Will Call (Brunet wieczorową porą, 1976)
Incredibly peaceful man (Niespotykanie spokojny człowiek, 1975)
A Jungle Book of Regulations (Nie ma róży bez ognia, 1974)
Man - Woman Wanted (Poszukiwany poszukiwana, 1972)
Adventure with a Song (Przygoda z piosenką, 1968)
The Marriage of Convenience (Małżeństwo z rozsądku, 1966)
Kapitan Sowa na tropie (1965)
Wife for an Australian (Żona dla Australijczyka, 1963)
The Touch of the Night (Dotknięcie nocy, 1961)
Husband of His Wife (Mąż swojej żony, 1960)
Scripts
Zmiennicy (1986)
Alternatywy 4 (1983)
Teddy Bear (Miś, 1980)
What Will You Do When You Catch Me? (Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie złapiesz?, 1978)
Brunet Will Call (Brunet wieczorową porą, 1976)
A Jungle Book of Regulations (Nie ma róży bez ognia, 1974)
Man - Woman Wanted (Poszukiwany poszukiwana, 1972)
Adventure with a Song (Przygoda z piosenką, 1968)
Barbara i Jan (1964), with Jerzy Ziarnik
Husband of His Wife (Mąż swojej żony, 1960), with Jerzy Jurandot
Actor
Zmiennicy (1986)
Alternatywy 4 (1983)
Teddy Bear (Miś, 1980)
Dom (1980–2000)
The Lesniewski Family (Rodzina Leśniewskich, 1978)
What Will You Do When You Catch Me? (Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie złapiesz?, 1978)
Lalka (1977)
Brunet Will Call (Brunet wieczorową porą, 1976)
Man - Woman Wanted (Poszukiwany poszukiwana, 1972)
Mr Anatol's Inspection (Inspekcja pana Anatola, 1959)
Little Town (Miasteczko, 1958)
Mr. Anatol's Hat (Kapelusz pana Anatola, 1957)
Heroism (Eroica, 1957)
Winter Twilight (Zimowy Zmierzch, 1956)
Charcoal Sketches (Szkice węglem, 1956)
Nikodem Dyzma (1956)
Three Starts (Trzy starty'', 1955)
References
External links
Profile of Stanisław Bareja at Culture.pl
1929 births
1987 deaths
Male actors from Warsaw
Polish film directors
Polish screenwriters
Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
20th-century Polish male actors
20th-century screenwriters |
4036766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva%20Purana | Shiva Purana | The Shiva Purana is one of eighteen major texts of the Purana genre of Sanskrit texts in Hinduism, and part of the Shaivism literature corpus. It primarily revolves around the Hindu god Shiva and goddess Parvati, but references and reveres all gods.
The Shiva Purana asserts that it once consisted of 100,000 verses set out in twelve Samhitas (Books), however the Purana adds that it was abridged by Sage Vyasa before being taught to Romaharshana. The surviving manuscripts exist in many different versions and content, with one major version with seven books (traced to South India), another with six books, while the third version traced to the medieval Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent with no books but two large sections called Purva-Khanda (Previous Section) and Uttara-Khanda (Later Section). The two versions that include books, title some of the books same and others differently. The Shiva Purana, like other Puranas in Hindu literature, was likely a living text, which was routinely edited, recast and revised over a long period of time. The oldest manuscript of surviving texts was likely composed, estimates Klaus Klostermaier, around 10th- to 11th-century CE. Some chapters of currently surviving Shiva Purana manuscripts were likely composed after the 14th-century.
The Shiva Purana contains chapters with Shiva-centered cosmology, mythology, relationship between Gods, ethics, yoga, tirtha (pilgrimage) sites, bhakti, rivers and geography, and other topics. The text is an important source of historic information on different types and theology behind Shaivism in early 2nd-millennium CE. The oldest surviving chapters of the Shiva Purana have significant Advaita Vedanta philosophy, which is mixed in with theistic elements of bhakti.
In the 19th and 20th century, the Vayu Purana was sometimes titled as Shiva Purana, and sometimes proposed as a part of the complete Shiva Purana. With the discovery of more manuscripts, modern scholarship considers the two texts as different, with Vayu Purana as the more older text composed sometime before the 2nd-century CE. Some scholars list it as a Mahapurana, while some state it is an Upapurana.
Date
The date and authors of Shiva Purana are unknown. No authentic data is available. Scholars such as Klostermaier as well as Hazra estimate that the oldest chapters in the surviving manuscript were likely composed around the 10- to 11th-centuries CE, which has not stood the test of carbon dating technology hence on that part we must rely on the text itself which tells when it was composed. Certain books and chapters in currently surviving Shiva Purana manuscripts were likely composed later, some after the 14th-century. The Shiva Purana, like other Puranas in Hindu literature, were routinely edited, recast and revised over the centuries.
Hazra states that the Bombay manuscript published in the 19th-century is rarer, and likely the older than other versions published from eastern and southern India.
Different manuscripts
Several recensions of this text exist. The Bombay 1884 manuscript recension published by the Vangavasi Press, Calcutta in 1896 consists of six s (sections):
The second manuscript of Shiva Purana published in 1906, reprinted in 1965, by the Pandita Pustakalaya, Kashi consists of seven s:
According to a passage found in the first chapters of and of these recensions the original Shiva Purana comprised twelve s, which included five lost s: , (or ), , and (or ). The number of verses in these sections were as follows:
Vidyeshvara Samhita - 10,000
Rudra Samhita - 8,000
Vainayaka Samhita - 8,000
Uma Samhita - 8,000
Matri Samhita - 8,000
Rudraikadasha Samhita - 13,000
Kailasa Samhita - 6,000
Shatarudra Samhita - 3,000
Sahasrakotirudra Samhita - 11,000
Kotirudra Samhita - 9,000
Vayaviya Samhita - 4,000
Dharma Samhita - 12,000
Several other s are also ascribed to the . These are the , the , the , the and the .
Haraprasad Shastri mentioned in the Notices of Sanskrit MSS IV, pp. 220–3, Nos, 298–299 about another manuscript of the , which is divided into Two Khandas (Parts), the and the . The consists 3270 s in 51 chapters written in Nagari script and the has 45 chapters written in Oriya script. It was preserved in Mahimprakash Brahmachari Matha in Puri. The of this manuscript is same as the of the Vangavasi Press Edition.
Contents
The Vidyesvara Samhita, also called Vighnesa Samhita or Vidyasara Samhita, appears in both editions, is free of mythology found in some other samhitas, and is dedicated to describing the greatness and the bhakti of Shiva, particularly through the icon of Linga. This section is also notable for mentioning both Shaiva Agamas and Tantric texts, but frequently quoting from the Vedas and asserting that the text is the essence of the Vedic teaching and the Vedanta. The chapters of this shared samhita in different versions of the Shiva Purana includes a description of India's geography and rivers from north and south India so often and evenly that Hazra states it is difficult to gauge if this part was composed in north or south India.
The Jnanasamhita in one manuscript shares content with Rudrasamhita of the other manuscript, presents cosmology and mythology, and is notable for its discussion of saguna andnirguna Shiva.
The text discusses goddesses and gods, dedicates parts of chapters praising Vishnu and Brahma, as well as those related to avatars such as Krishna. It asserts that one must begin with karma-yajna, thereon step by step with tapo-yajna, then self study, then regular meditation, ultimately to jnana-yajna and yoga to achieve sayujya (intimate union) with Shiva within. The text emphasizes bhakti and yoga, rather than bookish learning of the Vedas.
The Shiva Purana dedicates chapters to Shaiva-Advaita philosophy, like Linga Purana and other Shaivism-related Puranas, advocating it as a system for Salvation. The text also presents the Brahman as satcitananda theme, with masculine and feminine Shiva-Shakti as a unity, and perception of plurality-discrimination as a form of nescience. Love-Driven Devotionalism (Bhakti), asserts the text, leads to knowledge, and such love combined with knowledge leads to attracting saintly people and guru, and with them one attains Liberation, states Shiva Purana. These ideas, states Klaus Klostermaier, are similar to those found in Devi-related Puranas and Shakti Literature.
References
Bibliography
External links
The Shiva Purana English translation by J. L. Shastri, 1970 (includes glossary)
Surya And Nairrta On The Siva Temple Of Prambanan, Roy E. Jordaan (1992), pages 59–66, Brill (Puranas/Shiva texts in southeast Asia)
Puranas
Shaiva texts |
Subsets and Splits