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6900427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Greater%20Love%20%28Only%20Fools%20and%20Horses%29 | No Greater Love (Only Fools and Horses) | "No Greater Love" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, Only Fools and Horses. It was the fourth episode of series 2, and was first screened on 11 November 1982.
Synopsis
The Trotters arrive at a London street with camel hair overcoats, and plan to receive payments from Mrs Singh. But when Rodney opens the door to her house, he meets another woman named Irene Mackay, who tells him that Mrs Singh moved away three weeks earlier.
Rodney enters Irene's flat and is instantly smitten with her. Irene tells Rodney that she is aged 40, and married with a teenage son Marcus. She also mentions her husband Tommy Mackay, who is "away working, but will be out in six months". He is actually imprisoned in Parkhurst for committing assault, GBH, and attempted murder.
One week later at Nelson Mandela House, Rodney tells Del Boy and Grandad about Irene, and how she moved away from her husband due to domestic violence. Rodney wants to meet Tommy in person when he is released from prison. This makes Del concerned for his younger brother's safety.
A few days later, at the Nag's Head, Rodney tells Del that he and Irene had broken up earlier in the day. Del consoles Rodney and tells him there are plenty of other women to talk to. But then, Irene's son Marcus enters and tells Rodney that Del told Irene over a drink to break up with Rodney. Rodney, feeling betrayed by Del, leaves.
Later that night, Del is dragged into a dark alley by a thug and confronted by Tommy Mackay, mistakenly believing Del to be Rodney (Del goes along with the mistaken identity to protect Rodney, since he would stand no chance against the intimidating Tommy). Tommy prepares to give him a beating for dating Irene. They let Del take his coat off, but he accidentally throws it into a puddle. Furious that his new coat has been ruined, Del lunges at Tommy, and despite sustaining a few moderate injuries, Del manages to win the fight and limps back to the Nag's Head.
Back at the Nag's Head, Del shows Rodney his injuries, but lies and claims he sustained them falling down the stairs at Monkey Harris' home (despite Harris living in a bungalow). Del also mentions to Rodney that he met Tommy Mackay and made him see the error of his ways, which means that Rodney and Irene can date with no threat from Tommy. But Rodney says that he had an earlier talk with Irene and they agreed that their relationship was never going to work anyway. Plus, Rodney has met another girl, Zoe, from the roller-disco. Zoe arrives, she and Rodney leave, and Del is left alone in the pub, annoyed but happy that he has protected his brother.
Episode cast
Notes
Episode concept
The idea for the script was to demonstrate the brotherly love that Del and Rodney have for each other, even willing to take a beating for his brother. The concept of Del getting beaten up in order to protect Rodney would occur again in "Little Problems" when Del, unbeknownst to Rodney, chooses to take a beating from the Driscoll Brothers after making a promise to him, having forgotten that the money he would use for his wedding gift was also the money which he owed to them.
References
External links
1982 British television episodes
Only Fools and Horses (series 2) episodes |
23574288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20Method%20of%20Dealing%20with%20the%20Rebellious%20Peoples%20of%20Valdichiana | On the Method of Dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Valdichiana | On the method of dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Valdichiana () is a 1503 work by Niccolò Machiavelli.
A short excerpt in English may be found in Allan Gilbert's Machiavelli Volume One.
In 1503, one year after his missions to Cesare Borgia, Machiavelli wrote a short work, Del modo di trattare i sudditi della Val di Chiana ribellati (On the Way to Deal with the Rebel Subjects of the Valdichiana). in this work, he contrasts the errors of Florence with the wisdom of the Ancient Romans. Machiavelli declares that when dealing with rebellious peoples, such as in Valdichiana, the ruler must either placate them or eliminate them.
Machiavelli also witnessed the bloody vengeance taken by Borgia on his mutinous captains at the town of Sinigaglia (December 31, 1502), later writing a famous account. In much of his early writings, Machiavelli argues that “one should not offend a prince and later put faith in him.”
References
Works by Niccolò Machiavelli
1503 books |
23574289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C3%A1tno | Vrátno | Vrátno is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuchyn | Tuchyn | Tuchyn (, , , ) is an urban-type settlement in the Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is located in the Rivne Raion (district) in the historic region of Volhynia, approximately 18 km east from the oblast capital, Rivne.
History
The Polish noble family Siemaszko is rooted in Tuchyn. In 1650 the town was owned by the Daniłłowicz family, then later by the Lubomirski's, and finally by the Walewski's from the 18th century to the outbreak of World War II. The Stanisław Lubomirski foundation erected two wooden churches, cerkwie, in the town in 1711 (Paraskewy) and 1730 (Przemienienia Pańskiego). The Walewski's built a classicist Church in 1796.
A Roman Catholic Parish was founded in Tuczyn in 1590, it included many villages of the surrounding region. In 1938 the Catholic parish numbered 2,660 individuals, almost all of them Poles.
There was a significant German population in the Tuczyn region. They began to arrive in large numbers in the 1860s. The vast majority were German Lutherans, initially served from distant Zhitomir Lutheran Parish. The Lutheran Parish of Tuczyn was established there in 1888. At its peak, prior to World War I, the parish served over 25,000 Germans in more than 80 villages in a region much larger than that covered by the Catholic parish - yet no church building was constructed until 1929. The number of Germans dropped dramatically right before World War I, when many migrated to North America. Only some 6000 or so remained during the inter-war years.
Prior to World War II Tuchyn was a major town in the district and had a large population of Jewish (about 3000), Polish and Ukrainian ethnicity, plus the remnants of the once numerous German population.
Second World War
After hearing of the annihilation of the Jewish ghetto in Rivne, the Jewish leaders decided that they would resist the Nazis. On the evening of Wednesday, September 23, 1942, a blockade was mounted against the ghetto of Tuczyn. The leaders of the uprising declared a full alert; the fighting groups took up positions. On the dawn of September 24, German forces and Ukrainian auxiliaries advanced toward the ghetto fences. When the resistance forces gave the signal, the buildings of the ghetto and the German warehouses at its edge were set ablaze. The fighting groups opened fire, broke through the ghetto fence, and urged the population to escape. Under cover of smoke and gunfire, some 2,000 people--about two-thirds of the ghetto population, including women, children, and the elderly--fled into the forest. The flames continued to burn for the rest of that day and part of the next; the gunfire continued as well. Several Germans and Ukrainian auxiliary police were killed. One-third of the ghetto population fell, including almost all the fighters. The uprising ended on Saturday, September 26 when the lead resisters turned themselves into the Germans, unable to withstand the conditions in the nearby forests. The escapees fared very badly. Half of them were captured and murdered within three days. About 300 women, clutching infants, unable to withstand the conditions of the forest, returned to Tuczyn and were shot. Many of the remainder died; others were turned in or murdered by peasants in the vicinity. Some young people joined the partisans and were killed in combat. Of the 3,000 Jews of Tuczyn, only 20 were still alive on January 16, 1944, when the town was liberated.
Notable people
(b. 9 July 1924 in Tuchyn, d. 23 August 2000 in Fürstenfeldbruck), Bishop of Hamburg (1983-1992)
References
External links
Tuchin at Yad Vashem
Tuczyn Lutheran Parish History
Description of events in Tuczyn during World War II
Tuchin at KehilaLinks
1923 Tuczyn Business directory at KehilaLinks
Tuczin-Kripa, Wolyn; In Memory of the Jewish Community
Urban-type settlements in Rivne Oblast
Shtetls
Holocaust locations in Ukraine |
23574290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A1ejany | Všejany | Všejany is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Vanovice is an administrative part of Všejany.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Story%20Untold | A Story Untold | "A Story Untold" is a song, originally written as a doo-wop song by Leroy Griffin, but adapted to the pop music genre in 1955.
The original recording was by Griffin's group, The Nutmegs. The recording peaked at #2 on the R&B chart.
The most popular recording was by The Crew-Cuts. This recording was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 70634. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on June 25, 1955, and spent a total of 7 weeks there. It peaked at #16 on the Best Seller chart.
References
1955 singles
Mercury Records singles
The Crew-Cuts songs
Year of song missing |
6900447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra%20bullhead%20shark | Zebra bullhead shark | The zebra bullhead shark (Heterodontus zebra) is a bullhead shark of the family Heterodontidae found in the central Indo-Pacific between latitudes 40°N and 20°S, from Japan and Korea to Australia. It is typically found at relatively shallow depths down to , but off Western Australia, it occurs between . It can reach a length of . The reproduction of this bullhead shark is oviparous.
References
Heterodontidae
Fish described in 1831
Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
23574292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20Cream%20Freeze%20%28Let%27s%20Chill%29 | Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill) | "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" is a pop song by American recording artist and actress Miley Cyrus, performing as Hannah Montana – the alter ego of Miley Stewart – a character she played on the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana. The song was written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil and produced by Gerrard. It is from the series' third soundtrack, Hannah Montana 3. A karaoke version is available in Disney's Karaoke Series: Hannah Montana 3. It is an instructional dance song with a country pop sound and lyrics referencing ice cream and other frozen treats.
The song garnered negative reviews from critics but enjoyed humble commercial success for Cyrus in several countries, compared to those of her previous efforts as Montana. "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" made its highest peak by charting at number fifty-seven on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The song also charted in the United Kingdom and the United States. A music video for "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" was released, taken of footage from a concert performance.
Background
"Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" was co-written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, a duo of longtime songwriters for Montana; Together, they wrote her hit "The Best of Both Worlds" (2006). A karaoke version is available in Disney's Karaoke Series: Hannah Montana 3. "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" has corresponding dance moves designed by Jamal Sims, which are heavily influenced by line dancing. It was first titled "Let's Chill" and leaked into the Internet in November 2008, along with six other songs from the soundtrack. The song first premiered on Radio Disney on May 22, 2009, in order to promote the soundtrack; it was afterward released as a promotional single from Hannah Montana 3 on June 30, 2009, as part of Radio Disney's iTunes Pass, an exclusive campaign launched by the iTunes Store.
Composition
"Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" is a country pop song with a length of three minutes and seven seconds. According to AllMusic, "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" contains dance-pop and teen pop influences in its musical composition. Warren Truitt of About.com also cited dance music as the song's "craze". The song is set in common time and has a moderate dance groove tempo. It is written in the key of F major and it follows the chord progression F–E♭–B♭. Peter Larsen of the Orange County Register believed the song was "more or less literally is about ice cream and other frozen delights", referencing the lines "Do the ice cream freeze, strike a pose / Can you do the milkshake / Shake it, shake it down low".
Reception
Critical reception
The song garnered negative reactions from contemporary critics. Heather Phares of Allmusic said, "'Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill),' [...] sounds extremely similar to the soundtrack's 'Hoedown Throwdown.' That feeling of familiarity extends to the songs that haven't appeared anywhere else." Warren Truitt of About.com agreed and described the song to be "silly" and "as awkwardly goofy" as "Hoedown Throwdown". Peter Larsen of the Orange County Register identified the track to be a "crowd pleaser".
Chart performance
On the week ending July 25, 2009, "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" debuted and peaked at number eighty-seven on the Billboard Hot 100; the following week, it dropped out of the chart. On the week ending 2009, the song debuted and peaked at number fifty seven in the Canadian Hot 100, thus becoming Cyrus' second highest-charting song as Montana in Canada. The song dropped to number one-hundred in the following week and completely fell from the chart the week after. On the week ending August 1, 2009, "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" entered the UK Singles Chart at number ninety-five. It marked Cyrus' first entry in the country as Montana since "The Best Both Worlds", which charted in March 2007. On the week ending August 8, 2009, the song reached its peak on the chart at number ninety.
Live performances
Cyrus, dressed as Montana, premiered "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)", along with eight other songs, at the concert taping for the third season of Hannah Montana, which was set on October 10 in Irvine, California at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre. In the performance, Montana dressed in a black tee shirt with a pink star, pink zebra patterned skirt, pink cowboy boots and a bejeweled vest and performed the corresponding choreography. Six backup dancers, also costumed by Western clothing, later appeared to perform. Peter Larsen of the Orange County Register recalled his two children enjoying the dance and referred to it as "probably one of the most popular of the eight new songs Miley performs tonight." The performance was later released as the song's music video on May 22, 2009, on Disney Channel.
Charts
References
2009 songs
Dance-pop songs
Hannah Montana songs
Songs from television series
Songs written by Matthew Gerrard
Songs written by Robbie Nevil
Walt Disney Records singles
Song recordings produced by Matthew Gerrard |
23574294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C4%8F%C3%A1r%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Žďár (Mladá Boleslav District) | Žďár is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Břehy, Doubrava, Příhrazy, Skokovy and Žehrov are administrative parts of Žďár.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDer%C4%8Dice | Žerčice | Žerčice a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidn%C4%9Bves | Židněves | Židněves is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruceta%20Trophy | Guruceta Trophy | In Spanish football, the Guruceta trophy is awarded by Spanish sports newspaper MARCA to the best referee for each season. It is named in honour of the famous Spanish referee, Emilio Guruceta.
Rules
After every match the MARCA journalist covering the match will evaluate the referees performance with a score out of 3 - 3 being the best and 0 the worst. At the end of the season a coefficient will be calculated between the number of matches refereed and the number of points awarded. The referee with the highest coefficient wins the trophy.
Winners
La Liga
Segunda División
External links
MARCA website
La Liga trophies and awards
Segunda División trophies and awards
Spanish football trophies and awards |
23574303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezlogi | Berezlogi | Berezlogi is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Berezlogi and Hîjdieni.
Notable people
Boris Movilă (born 1928), writer
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chot%C4%9Btov | Chotětov | Chotětov is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Hřivno is an administrative part of Chotětov.
References
Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
6900464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20%28Israel%29 | Tara (Israel) | Tara () is an agricultural cooperative (co-op) in Israel specializing in milk and dairy products. It is the leading private dairy producer in Israel and the second largest dairy processor after Tnuva.
Tara was created in 1942 by dairy farmers from the Tel Aviv neighbourhood of Nahalat Yitzhak and the surrounding area, in order to unite under one organization that would represent them with regard to the British mandatory authorities and concentrated purchasing of fodder rations as well as selling the agricultural produce. The name apparently was decided by the British clerk when the co-op representative came to register the firm did not have a name. A warehouse for fodder as well as a refrigeration room to keep milk on the Shabbat was built on a half-dunam (500 m²) plot of land. The increase in productivity as well as quantities of milk provided a surplus that led the co-op to begin producing cream and cheeses.
With the establishment of the State of Israel, a dairy department was created in the new Ministry of Agriculture, and with it new regulations with regard to production including required pasteurization, a standard 3.5% level of fat, and that dairy farmers work from concentrated areas and independently. This led to more dairy farmers to join from Giv'atayim, Jaffa, and Petah Tikva as well as production expanding to hard cheeses.
At the beginning of the 1960s, during the period that Moshe Dayan was Minister of Agriculture, the government decided to change the zoning of the Nahalat Yitzhak neighbourhood from agricultural to urban-industrial. Subsequently, the local farmers were forced to move their enterprises elsewhere. The elimination of its main source of milk required Tara to purchase milk from new farmers as well as Tnuva.
Until the late 1990s, Tara was still run by representatives of the original owners. In 1997, it was decided to hire 'professional' management. In 2004, the Central Bottling Company Ltd., the local licensee of Coca-Cola, purchased the company for $39 million.
In 2006, Tara signed a licensing and know-how deal with Müller of a European dairy product manufacturer based in Germany.
As of 2006, Tara employs over 360 workers and produces about 135 million liters of milk yearly, which is about 450,000 liters of milk daily on average, with a market share of 10-13%. Estimated revenues in 2005 were 500 million NIS, with a loss of about $10 million.
In August 2007, the Gilead Dairy owned by Tara, acquired Tzuriel Farm for under NIS 20 million. The 'Tzuriel Farm' dairy, specializing in hard-cheese, goat-cheeses, and other semi-firm cheeses was established in 1986 and since 1999 has operated a unique line of soy-based products.
References
External links
Official web site
Dairy products companies of Israel
Israeli brands |
23574307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C3%ADnky | Sovínky | Sovínky is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Geography
Sovínky is located about southwest of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague. It lies in the Jizera Table plateau.
History
The first written mention of Sovínky is from 1360.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
23574311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuruzeni | Cucuruzeni | Cucuruzeni is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Cucuruzeni and Ocnița-Răzeși.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
6900467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers%20Access%20Campaign | Rivers Access Campaign | The Rivers Access Campaign is an ongoing initiative by the British Canoe Union (BCU) to open up the inland waterways of England and Wales to the public. Under current English and Welsh law, public access to rivers is restricted, and only 2% of all rivers in England and Wales have public access rights.
Current access situation
There are of inland river and canal in England and Wales with navigation rights, and over of inland rivers with no access.
England and Wales are unusual in the level of restriction upon their waterways and are considered two of the most difficult places in the world to gain access to rivers. The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 grants a "Right to Roam" specifically to areas of open land comprising:
mountain (land over 600 metres)
moorland
heathland
downland
registered common land
In England and Wales there is no blanket right of access to non-agricultural land, unlike Scotland, where the Scottish Parliament passed the 2003 Land Reform (Scotland) Act granting access for both land and inland waterways to the public.
The UK government has encouraged canoeists to seek negotiations and create access agreements for privately owned water with land owners throughout England and Wales. For over 50 years both the BCU and WCA have been working to seek these agreements for access, which has resulted in , a total 4% of all privately owned linear waterways in England and Wales being opened up with some form of public access agreement.
The Welsh Canoeing Association estimate that there are around 300 rivers in Wales suitable for kayaking, only 13 of which have any form of legal access agreement.
Most of these agreements permit access only on certain days of the year or for short sections of the river. The government has decided to pursue further agreements in 4 study areas, over a 2-year trial period. However, there is no guarantee that this trial will grant further access, with recent government studies showing that access agreements are unlikely to be able to provide the necessary resources needed for water sports.
The law
Legally the water itself is not owned, but ownership of the lands include stream bed ownership. Under common law, the presence of water does not provide a right to use the space occupied by, or immediately above the water. This is a civil offence , and may incur a fine or possibly a court injunction to prevent further trespassing. This applies to any member of the public, be they canoeists, rowers, swimmers, or anglers.
It has been suggested that a "common-law" right of navigation exists on any navigable water in England and Wales: however, this has been refuted by legal experts.
The only arrestable offence is aggravated trespass, under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, where a criminal offence is committed whilst trespassing. There must also be intent to disrupt or intimidate those engaged in lawful activities.
References
External links
British Canoe Union website
Welsh Canoeing Association website
River Access for All
Canoeing in the United Kingdom
Freedom to roam |
23574331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AErze%C8%99ti | Mîrzești | Mîrzești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mîrzaci and Mîrzești.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20urophylla | Tolumnia urophylla | {{Speciesbox
| image = Tolumnia urophylla (as Oncidium urophyllum) - Edwards vol 28 (NS 5) pl 54 (1842).jpg
| image_caption = Illustration of Tolumnia urophylla
| genus = Tolumnia (plant)
| species = urophylla
| authority = (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Braem
| synonyms =
Oncidium urophyllum Lodd. ex Lindl. (basionym)Oncidium urophyllum f. flavum R.J.Midgett
}}Tolumnia urophylla'' is a species of orchid endemic to the Lesser Antilles.
External links
urophylla
Orchids of the Caribbean
Orchids of Îles des Saintes
Flora of the Leeward Islands
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
23574344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar%20of%20Plagues | Altar of Plagues | Altar of Plagues were an Irish extreme metal band, founded in Cork by James Kelly. After gaining attention in the metal community with a series of self recorded demos and EPs, the band released their first studio album, White Tomb, in April 2009 on Profound Lore Records. Following a year of gigging and some changes to the lineup, the group announced their signing with Candlelight Records in January 2010. They released their second album Mammal in 2011, with US/Can and ROW editions featuring alternate artworks. The album was followed by subsequent touring, including a European headline tour and festival appearances.
They played the third annual Hopscotch Music Festival in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA which took place 6–8 September 2012.
Their third album, Teethed Glory and Injury was released in 2013 and met largely with critical acclaim. Anthony Fantano of the Needle Drop placed it at #3 on The Needle Drop's "Top-50 Albums of 2013" and later placed it at #56 on the "Top 200 Albums of the 2010s. Terrorizer named it #2 on "Terrorizer 50 Albums Of The Year 2013".
On 15 June 2013, the band announced via Facebook that they were splitting up and that their final live performance would be at the Unsound Festival in Poland in October. However, in January 2015, after having teased it for weeks, Altar of Plagues announced a few shows to take place in early 2015. Subsequently, in late 2015, the band announced it would embark on one last tour across mainland Europe with fellow Irish band Malthusian (with whom Altar of Plagues' drummer Johnny King also plays). Their final performance was at the Damnation Festival 2015.
James Kelly now releases music under the name WIFE while Johnny King drums for Conan.
Band members
Current members
James Kelly - guitar, vocals, keyboards, drums
Johnny King - drums
Live musicians
Barry O'Sullivan - guitar
Barry English - drums
Stavros Giannopoulos - guitar
Past members
Dave Condon - Bass, Vocals
Bryan O'Sullivan - guitar
Jeremiah Spillane - guitar
Discography
Studio albums
White Tomb (2009)
Mammal (2011)
Teethed Glory and Injury (2013)
Demos and EPs
First Plague (2006)
Through the Cracks of the Earth (2007)
Tides (2010)
Split with Year of No Light (2011)
References
External links
Irish black metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2006
Musical groups disestablished in 2013
2006 establishments in Ireland
2013 disestablishments in Ireland
Musical groups from Cork (city)
Musical quartets
Blackgaze musical groups
Profound Lore Records artists |
23574345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morozeni | Morozeni | Morozeni is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Breanova and Morozeni.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
6900474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20City%20Fire%20Department | Orange City Fire Department | The Orange Fire Department (OFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the city of Orange, California. The department is responsible for a population of approximately 140,000 people spread across . Along with their standard firefighting apparatus, the department also has a swiftwater rescue team that is available for deployment anywhere in Orange County.
History
The Orange Fire Department came into existence on December 14, 1905 at a meeting between the city's Fire and Water Committees. Twenty-nine men signed up to join the all volunteer fire department. New volunteers were required to purchase shares of the "Company" for $100. The volunteers were paid 50 cents a call if they didn't have to use water, $1 if they did and were also paid $1 per false alarm. Early on, there were often fights between the volunteers when an alarm went off, as they battled to see which would be the ones to pull the ladder wagon or hose cart to the fire, thus earning the pay for the call.
In 1906, the City of Orange built a Fire Hall (which cost only $467, at the time) to house the fire apparatus and the bell tower used to sound fire alarms. The original apparatus was a horse-drawn hook and ladder wagon and two-hand drawn carts. It wasn't until 1912 that the department acquired it first motor-driven equipment, a Seagrave pumper. The first paid firefighter, William Vickers, was hired by the Department in 1914 and he lived upstairs at the Fire Hall for an $8-a-month rent. This Fire Hall acted as OFD's headquarters until November 1935, when the department built another facility. Incidentally, said facility eventually burned down.
An American LaFrance fire truck capable of pumping 1,000 gallons a minute was purchased for $13,000 in 1921, making the Orange Fire Department the first firefighting agency in Orange County to purchase and utilize a motorized fire engine.
By 1966 the department had fully transitioned from a volunteer department, to full-time career.
In 1973, the department became one of the first in Orange County to provide paramedic rescue service.
As of January 2021, a new fire headquarters is under construction on a 1.5 acre, city-owned site located at East Chapman Avenue at Water Street. The new facility will replace the current 50-year-old fire headquarters and will provide for increased administrative and training space, as well as increased room for fire apparatus. The total cost of the project, including design, construction, and outfitting, is estimated at 24.9 million USD$.
Stations and apparatus
The department has 8 stations spread across the city. There are 2 Engine Companies at Stations 1 and 7.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
The Orange City Fire Department is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residents covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Anaheim Fire & Rescue, Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Fullerton Fire Department, Huntington Beach Fire Department, and Newport Beach Fire Department.
References
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Ambulance services in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in California
1905 establishments in California |
23574350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921%20East%20Dorset%20by-election | 1921 East Dorset by-election | The 1921 East Dorset by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Dorset on 16 April 1921.
Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting MP for East Dorset, Freddie Guest, to the office of Secretary of State for Air. Under the Parliamentary procedures of the day, he was obliged to resign his seat and fight a by-election.
Candidates
Guest re-contested the seat for the Coalition government of David Lloyd George. As its representative, he was supported by Liberals and Unionists.
He was to be opposed for Labour by the Reverend Fred Hopkins, a Methodist minister and former brickyard worker from the age of just ten years but Hopkins was reported to be very ill at the time for nominations and the local Labour Party decided not to contest the by-election. Hopkins stood for Parliament a number of times for Labour in different constituencies but was never elected.
The result
The election was uncontested and Guest was returned unopposed. At this time the Coalition was experiencing a good run of by-election results and Labour was making little headway in opposing the government.
References
See also
List of United Kingdom by-elections
United Kingdom by-election records
East Dorset by-election
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Dorset constituencies
Unopposed ministerial by-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in English constituencies
East Dorset by-election
20th century in Dorset
East Dorset by-election |
20467208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Payne | Max Payne | Max Payne is a neo-noir third-person shooter video game series developed by Remedy Entertainment (Max Payne and Max Payne 2) and Rockstar Studios (Max Payne 3). The series is named after its protagonist, Max Payne, a New York City police detective turned vigilante after his family was murdered by drug addicts. The series' first and second installments were written by Sam Lake, while Max Payne 3 was primarily written by Rockstar Games' Dan Houser.
The first game of the series, Max Payne, was released in 2001 for Microsoft Windows and in 2002 for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Apple Macintosh; a different version of the game was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. A sequel entitled Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne was released in 2003 for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows. In 2008, a movie adaption, loosely based on the original game, entitled Max Payne, was released, starring Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis in the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax, respectively. Max Payne 3 was developed by Rockstar Studios and released on May 15, 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and on June 1, 2012 for Microsoft Windows.
On November 15, 2021, Microsoft announced that in celebration of 20 years of Xbox, they would be adding over 70 more games to their backwards compatibility program. Headlining these games was the Max Payne trilogy, making the games available to play on Microsoft's Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S consoles.
The franchise is notable for its use of "bullet time" in action sequences, as well as being positively received by critics, although Max Payne 2s sales were considered underwhelming. , the Max Payne franchise has sold over 7.5 million copies. The film rendition received negative reviews but was commercially successful.
On April 6, 2022, Remedy announced that a remake of Max Payne and Max Payne 2 is in development, in a development agreement with Rockstar Games. The two games will be released as a single title.
Games
Max Payne
Renegade DEA agent and former NYPD officer Max Payne attempts to hunt down the ones responsible for murdering his wife and child, as well as framing him for the murder of his NYPD partner, Alex Balder. As the story unfolds, he gains a number of "allies", including Vladimir Lem (a suave, old-fashioned Russian mobster) and Mona Sax (a vigilante who is out to avenge the death of her twin sister) and uncovers a major conspiracy involving the trafficking of a narcotic called V, or Valkyr—after the mythological figures in Norse mythology—which is somehow connected to the death of Max's family.
Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne
Two years after the first game, Max Payne has rejoined the NYPD and has been cleared of the charges for his killing spree thanks to his connection to Senator Alfred Woden, the leader of a secret society called the Inner Circle. During a routine murder investigation, Max finds himself face-to-face with the fugitive Mona Sax, who reluctantly joins him in his investigation. As the two work together to uncover the truth, they begin to develop feelings for each other, and come across another major conspiracy, which this time involves Vladmir Lem, the Italian Mob, and the Inner Circle.
Max Payne 3
Nine years after the second game, Max Payne has left New York and is working on a private security detail in São Paulo, Brazil. When the wife of his employer is kidnapped by a local street gang, Max and his old friend Raul Passos join forces in an attempt to rescue her, igniting a war that will lead them to confront a larger conspiracy.
Additional titles
Remedy, with funding from Rockstar who holds the rights to the series, announced plans to remake Max Payne and Max Payne 2 for personal computers, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X and Series S in April 2022. At the time of the announcement, the remakes were at an early development state, and no planned release date was announced. It was confirmed that the two games will be released as a single title.
Film adaptation
Early in 2003, it was confirmed that 20th Century Fox had bought the rights to adapt the game to film. The Max Payne movie went into production in 2008 and was directed by John Moore. The movie was produced by Collision Entertainment and Firm Films in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis play the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax respectively. Beau Bridges, Chris O'Donnell, Nelly Furtado and Ludacris have roles as B.B. Hensley, Jason Colvin, Christa Balder and Jim Bravura respectively. On July 10, 2008, a teaser trailer was released, featuring an instrumental version of the Marilyn Manson song, "If I Was Your Vampire". The film was released to theaters in the U.S. on October 17, 2008 with a PG-13 rating. While it was ranked first on its opening weekend, grossing US$18 million at the box office, the film received mainly negative reviews, having a 16% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 129 reviews. In June 2022, 20th Century Studios announced that a Max Payne reboot movie is in development.
Characters
Note: A gray cell indicates that the character does not appear in that medium.
References
External links
Max Payne franchises at MobyGames
The History of Max Payne, The Escapist, May 12, 2012
Celebrate 20 years of Xbox with over 70 new Backward Compatible Games, Xbox Wire, November 15, 2021
Rockstar Games franchises
Take-Two Interactive franchises
Video game franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2001 |
6900492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBL%20Pipeline | BBL Pipeline | The BBL Pipeline (Balgzand Bacton Line, BBL) is a natural gas interconnector between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
History
Laying the pipeline between the compressor station at the Balgzand Gas Plant at Grasweg in Anna Paulowna (province of North Holland) and Bacton Gas Terminal started on 14 July 2006. The pipeline became operational on 1 December 2006.
Technical description
The overall length of pipeline is of which around is offshore. The pipeline's diameter is and working pressure is . The initial capacity is 16 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year, which will be increased to 19.2 bcm by the end of 2010 by installing a fourth compressor at the compressor station at Anna Paulowna. The pipeline has a regulatory exemption from the two-ways gas flow until October 2018. Until this, the direction of gas flow is from the Netherlands to the UK. The overall cost of the project was around €500 million.
Operating company
The BBL was developed and operated by the BBL Company. The main shareholder of the company is Gasunie with 60% of the shares, and Uniper (through Uniper Ruhrgas BBL B.V.) and Fluxys both own 20%. Russian Gazprom had an option for 9%, in exchange for a 9% share of Nord Stream AG. The BBL Pipeline would allow Gazprom to supply additional gas to the British market through the Nord Stream pipeline.
See also
Interconnector (North Sea)
References
External links
BBL Company website
Energy infrastructure completed in 2006
Natural gas pipelines in the Netherlands
Natural gas pipelines in the United Kingdom
Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
North Sea energy
Pipelines under the North Sea
Uniper
2006 establishments in England
2006 establishments in the Netherlands |
20467212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Devil%27s%20Game%20%28film%29 | The Devil's Game (film) | The Devil's Game (; lit. "The Game") is a 2008 South Korean film.
Plot
Struggling artist Min Hee-do (Shin Ha-kyun), is offered three billion won to bet his life to a game against a rich old man, Kang No-sik (Byun Hee-bong), who is dying from a terminal illness. The game is for each man to dial a random phone number and guess if the person who answers will be male or female. He loses the bet, and after a monthlong brain operation, he wakes up to find that they have swapped bodies.
Cast
Shin Ha-kyun ... Min Hee-do
Byun Hee-bong ... Kang No-sik
Lee Hye-young ... Lee Hye-rin, No-sik's wife
Son Hyun-joo ... Min Tae-seok, Hee-do's uncle
Lee Eun-sung ... Joo Eun-ah, Hee-do's girlfriend
Jang Hang-sun ... Park Chang-ha
Kim Hyeok ... Secretary Mr. Ahn
Choo Sang-rok ... Dr. Kim
Maeng Bong-hak ... Trustee Mr. Yoon
Jo Cheong-ho ... President Kim
Release
The Devil's Game was released in South Korea on 31 January 2008, and topped the box office on its opening weekend with 361,650 admissions. As of 31 March 2008 it had received a total of 1,496,215 admissions, and as of 16 March 2008 grossed a toal of .
References
External links
2008 films
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean thriller drama films |
6900512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene%20Croce | Arlene Croce | Arlene Louise Croce (born May 5, 1934) founded Ballet Review magazine in 1965. She was a dance critic for The New Yorker magazine from 1973 to 1998.
Career
Prior to Croce’s long career as a dance writer, she also wrote film criticism for Film Culture and other magazines. The keynote of her criticism can be grasped from her ability to evoke kinesthetic movement and expressive images in her writing. Although she considers ballet to epitomize the highest form of dance, she has also written extensively on the topic of popular and filmed dance, and is a recognized authority on the Astaire and Rogers musical films.
In 1994, she courted controversy with her stance on Bill T. Jones's Still/Here, a work about terminal illness. In an article called "Discussing the Undiscussable," she dubbed the work "victim art" and refused to attend any performances, claiming that it was "unreviewable." The article was reprinted in her 2000 book, Writing in the Dark.
Her writings on dance are available in several books, and a sampling of her film criticism can be found in the anthology American Movie Critics: An Anthology From the Silents Until Now. A review of her The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book can be found in Pauline Kael's collection of movie reviews, Reeling.
Bibliography
Incomplete - to be updated
Books
The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book (1972)
Afterimages (1978)
Going to the Dance (1982)
Sight Lines (1987)
Writing in the Dark, Dancing in 'The New Yorker''' (2000)American Movie Critics: An Anthology From the Silents Until Now (2006), edited by Phillip Lopate — contains her reviews on the films Pather Panchali and Aparajito as well as a selection from The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book.
Articles
Gail Conrad and The Tap Dance Theatre; American Ballet Theatre's performance of Field, Chair and Mountain by David Gordon.
About Arlene Croce (in Spanish). La crítica en la danza. "Discussing the indiscussable". By Patricia Roldán
The Dance Criticism of Arlene Croce'' (2005) by Marc Raymond Strauss, McFarland & Co,
References
External links
1934 births
Living people
American dance critics
The New Yorker people
Dance writers
American women journalists
American women critics
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American women
21st-century American women |
20467220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrabury%20and%20Minster | Forrabury and Minster | Forrabury and Minster is a civil parish on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish was originally divided between the coastal parish of Forrabury and inland parish of Minster until they were united on the 1st of April 1919.
The parish was in the Registration District of Camelford. It is bounded to the north by the Atlantic; to the east by the parishes of St Juliot, Lesnewth and Davidstow; to the south by Camelford parish (ecclesiastical parish of Lanteglos by Camelford); and to the west by Trevalga parish. The population of Forrabury and Minster parish in the 2001 census was 888, which decreased slightly to 838 at the 2011 census.
Settlements and churches
Boscastle is the principal settlement in the parish of Forrabury and Minster. It is 14 miles (23 kilometres) south of Bude and 5 miles (8 kilometres) north-east of Tintagel. Forrabury parish church, dedicated to St Symphorian, is in Boscastle at .
However, the mother church of Boscastle is dedicated to St Materiana and nestles among the trees of Minster Wood in the valley of the River Valency half-a-mile east of Boscastle at . The original Forrabury / Minster boundary crossed the river so the harbour end of the village was in Forrabury and the upriver area in Minster. The churches were established some time earlier than the settlement at Boscastle (in Norman times when a castle was built there). The Celtic name of Minster was Talkarn but it was renamed Minster in Anglo-Saxon times because of a monastery on the site. Until the Reformation St Materiana's tomb was preserved in the church. (Another spelling of her name sometimes used is 'Mertheriana' but the usual Latin form is Materiana.) In 1187 the advowson of Forrabury Church was granted to the newly founded Hartland Abbey by William de Botreaux of Boscastle, who also gave the Abbey the advowsons of other of his manors in Devon. For many years the Anglican parishes of Forrabury and Minster have been in the charge of a Rector who is responsible for a group of adjoining parishes as well as these. Minster Church was damaged by the flood of August 2004 and in the following year archaeological work was done at the church to obtain a clearer idea of the history of the building.
Notable buildings and antiquities
Minster church was built in Norman times (some late medieval additions and restoration work carried out in the 19th century): it is listed Grade I. Forrabury church also has some Norman work but the tower was added in 1750. The Rev R. S. Hawker wrote a poem on "The Bells of Forrabury": it was based on a local legend arising from the absence of a peal of bells in the tower. At Welltown in Forrabury parish is a manor house dating from about 1640 and at Worthyvale and Redevallen in Minster parish are two manor houses also of the 17th century. Not far from Worthyvale is an inscribed stone (Latini [h]ic iacit filius Macari = Latin son of Macarus lies here). This stone is popularly known as King Arthur's Grave due to the erroneous identification of Slaughter Bridge with the site of Camlann. At Waterpit Down (on the road towards Launceston in Minster parish) are the remains of a cross probably from the 10th century. Camelford railway station (now occupied by the British Cycling Museum) was built in 1893 and was closed in 1966. (Though named after nearby Camelford it was in Minster parish.)
Views in Forrabury and Minster
Bibliography
Maclean, Sir John, The Parochial and Family History of the Parishes of Forrabury and Minster in the County of Cornwall, 1873 (part of MacLean's Parochial and Family History of ... Trigg Minor)
Armstrong, W. J. C., A Rambler's Guide to Boscastle; Together with St Juliot, Lesnewth [and] Trevalga; 2nd ed., 1931, privately printed at Boscastle
References
External links
Parish council website
Information about an archeological project on the area
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Boscastle |
6900520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendragon%20Records | Pendragon Records | Pendragon Records was a short-lived American industrial and electronic music record label that was founded in 1997 by Irish expatriate Colm O'Connor. The label was based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pendragon released a total of 25 albums from artists based in the United States, Canada, and Germany. Notable bands signed to Pendragon included Haujobb, Gridlock, Velvet Acid Christ, and Xorcist.
Its first release, PEN100, was Haujobb's Homes and Gardens. The label was bought out by Metropolis Records in 1999 shortly after it released Halo_Gen's self-titled album as PEN125. When Metropolis Records bought Pendragon, they continued to sell Pendragon's backstock. Some of the bands that had been signed to Pendragon, such as Haujobb and Imperative Reaction, continued to release music on Metropolis Records. Others, such as Gridlock, moved to other labels after the acquisition.
Bands on Pendragon Records
Fektion Fekler
Fracture
Gridlock
Halo_Gen
Haujobb
Imperative Reaction
Individual Totem
Kalte Farben
La Floa Maldita
Neutronic
THD
Velvet Acid Christ
Wave Workers Foundation
Xorcist
See also
Metropolis Records
List of record labels
External links
Discogs label summary and complete discography
Record labels established in 1997
Record labels disestablished in 1999
American independent record labels
Electronic music record labels
Industrial record labels |
20467265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%20School | Montrose School | Montrose School is an independent school for girls in grades 6–12 located in Medfield, Massachusetts, USA.
History
Montrose was founded in 1979 in Brookline, Massachusetts, by a group of parents and educators with a vision of girls’ education inspired by the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and St. Josemaria Escriva. The founders asked the Prelature of Opus Dei to provide chaplains to oversee religious teachings, celebrate mass, hear confessions and lead reflections. One of the school's founders was marketing consultant Bill Bowman, later co-founder of the educational software company Spinnaker Software in 1982.
After its initial period in Brookline, the school spent a few years each in the towns of Westwood and Natick. In 2007, Montrose moved to its permanent location in Medfield.
Curriculum
Montrose offers a classical liberal arts curriculum, as well as character education integrated throughout the seven-year curriculum. Students participate in a mentoring program, daily enrichment opportunities for mass or non-academic individual reading, a guest speaker series, class and school service projects and the development of habits of heart, mind and character.
The upper school curriculum includes four years of English, mathematics, history, science and theology or philosophy, as well as at least three years of foreign language and fine arts. Languages offered include Spanish, French and Latin. During their senior year, students complete and present final capstone projects focusing on social issues or other interdisciplinary questions.
The middle school curriculum has two English classes in grade 6 and 7 and a full year of geography. In 7th grade, the girls study ancient civilizations. In 8th grade, the girls are introduced to the language program by taking a full year of Latin; they also take civics.
Montrose also offers study abroad trips for students: the "In the Footsteps of Dante" trip to Italy for upper school students. The school has recently introduced an exchange student program for 10 days with one of its sister schools, Rosemont in Ireland.
Other activities during school days
Girls have at least one study period on almost every day. During one day a week they have an all-school gathering which may consist of a speaker, a game, red and white team competitions, or a Big/Little sister activity.
At the beginning of the year, girls are sorted into either the red or white team, each representing one of the school's colors. These teams compete throughout the year in different activities with a winner announced on the annual themed field day.
The Big/Little sister program pairs one or more upper school (9-12th grade) students and one or more middle school (grades 6–8) students together to have someone to talk to or ask for advice from during the school year. The program is supposed to bond students across grades and create a cohesive environment.
Extracurricular
Sports
Montrose offers seven varsity sports, plus club sports and other athletic offerings. During fall, soccer, field hockey, volleyball and cross country are offered. Basketball, ski club and indoor track are offered during the winter season, and lacrosse, softball, and track and field club during the spring. Students are encouraged to start a club if they would like to see another sport on the Montrose campus.
Music and drama program
The Montrose Players put on three major productions each year: a middle school musical, an upper school play and an all-school musical. There are also two major music productions annually. These concerts include pieces from The Upper School and Middle School Chorus, Tone Chimes, Instrumental Ensemble and the school's a cappella groups. Montrose School has two a cappella groups, the Treblemakers (upper school) and the Clef Hangers (middle school).
Sources
Schools in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Private high schools in Massachusetts
Private middle schools in Massachusetts
Opus Dei schools |
20467276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20to%20Rejoin | Motion to Rejoin | Motion to Rejoin is the third full-length album by Brightblack Morning Light. It was released on September 23, 2008 by Matador Records.
Track listing
"Introduction" – 0:42
"Hologram Buffalo" – 5:18
"Gathered Years" – 8:00
"Oppressions Each" – 3:26
"Another Reclamation" – 7:05
"A Rainbow Aims" – 9:46
"Summer Hoof" – 5:27
"Past a Weatherbeaten Fencepost" – 6:49
"When Beads Spell Power Leaf" – 2:43
References
2008 albums
Brightblack Morning Light albums
Matador Records albums |
23574353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interracial%20marriage%20in%20the%20United%20States | Interracial marriage in the United States | Interracial marriage in the United States has been legal throughout the United States since at least the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court (Warren Court) decision Loving v. Virginia (1967) that held that "anti-miscegenation" laws were unconstitutional via the 14th Amendment adopted in 1868. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote in the court opinion that "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State."
The number of interracial marriages as a proportion of new marriages has been increasing from 3% in 1967 to 19% in 2019.
Public approval of interracial marriage rose from around 5% in the 1950s to 94% in 2021.
Historical background
The first "interracial" marriage in what is today the United States was that of the woman today commonly known as Pocahontas, who married tobacco planter John Rolfe in 1614.
The first ever law prohibiting interracial marriage was passed by the Maryland General Assembly in 1691.
The Quaker Zephaniah Kingsley married (outside the U.S.) a black enslaved woman that he bought in Cuba. He also had three black common-law enslaved wives; he manumitted all four. In 1828 he published a Treatise, reprinted three times, on the benefits of intermarriage, which according to Kingsley produced healthier and more beautiful children, and better citizens. In Spanish Florida, where Kingsley lived, he was tolerated until Florida became a U.S. territory, for which reason he eventually moved with his family to Haiti (today the Dominican Republic).
The prospect of black men marrying white women terrified many Americans before the Civil War. It was magnified into the greatest threat to society, the result of freeing blacks: According to them, White American women would be raped, defiled, sullied, by these savage jungle beasts. Extramarital "interracial" unions were not rare, most commonly white male and black female (see Sally Hemings, Lydia Hamilton Smith, and Children of the plantation), and although restricted to the lower classes common-law unions of black male with white female are not unknown.
However, the first legal black-white marriage in the United States was that of African-American professor William G. Allen and a white student, Mary King, in 1853. When their plans to marry were announced, Allen narrowly escaped being lynched. Their marriage was secret, and they left the country immediately for England, never to return.
While opposed to slavery, in a speech in Charleston, Illinois in 1858, Abraham Lincoln stated, "I am not, nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people. I as much as any man am in favor of the superior position assigned to the white race". By 1924, the ban on interracial marriage was still in force in 29 states. While interracial marriage had been legal in California since 1948, in 1957 actor Sammy Davis Jr. faced a backlash for his relationship with a white woman, actress Kim Novak. In 1958, Davis briefly married a black woman, actress and dancer Loray White, to protect himself from mob violence.
In Social Trends in America and Strategic Approaches to the Negro Problem (1948), Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal ranked the social areas where restrictions were imposed on the freedom of Black Americans by Southern White Americans through racial segregation, from the least to the most important: basic public facility access, social equality, jobs, courts and police, politics and marriage. This ranking scheme illustrates the manner in which the barriers against desegregation fell: Of less importance was the segregation in basic public facilities, which was abolished with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
However, the most tenacious form of legal segregation, the banning of interracial marriage, was not fully lifted until the last anti-miscegenation laws were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren in a unanimous ruling Loving v. Virginia. The court's landmark decision, which was made on June 12, 1967, has been commemorated and celebrated every year on the Loving Day (June 12) in the United States.
Academic researches
Cultural aspects
The differing ages of individuals, culminating in the generation divides, have traditionally played a large role in how mixed ethnic couples are perceived in American society. Interracial marriages have typically been highlighted through two points of view in the United States: Egalitarianism and cultural conservatism. Egalitarianism's view of interracial marriage is acceptance of the phenomenon, while traditionalists view interracial marriage as taboo and as socially unacceptable. Egalitarian viewpoints typically are held by younger generations, however older generations have an inherent influence on the views of the younger. Gurung & Duong (1999) compiled a study relating to mixed-ethnic relationships ("MER"s) and same-ethnic relationships ("SER"s), concluding that individuals part of "MER"s generally do not view themselves differently from same-ethnic couples. Research led by Barnett, Burma, and Monahan in 1963 and 1971 showed people who marry outside of their race are usually older and are more likely to live in an urban setting.
Social enterprise research conducted on behalf of the Columbia Business School (2005–2007) showed that regional differences within the United States in how interracial relationships are perceived have persisted: Daters of both sexes from south of the Mason–Dixon line were found to have much stronger same-race preferences than northern daters did. The study also observed a clear gender divide in racial preference with regards to marriage: Women of all the races which were studied revealed a strong preference for men of their own race for marriage, with the caveat that East Asian women only discriminated against Black and Hispanic men, and not against White men. A woman's race was found to have no effect on the men's choices.
Socio-economic aspects
Several studies have found that a factor which significantly affects an individual's choices with regards to marriage is socio-economic status ("SES")—the measure of a person's income, education, social class, profession, etc. For example, a study by the Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University confirmed that women show a tendency to marry up in socio-economic status; this reduces the probability of marriage of low SES men.
Research at the universities of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and Texas A&M addressing the topic of socio-economic status, among other factors, showed that none of the socio-economic status variables appeared to be positively related to outmarriage within the Asian American community, and found lower-socioeconomically stable Asians sometimes utilized outmarriage to whites as a means to advance social status.
Marital stability
A 2008 study by Jenifer Bratter and Rosalind King conducted on behalf of the Education Resources Information Center examined whether crossing racial boundaries increased the risk of divorce. Comparisons across marriage cohorts revealed that, overall, interracial couples have higher rates of divorce, particularly for those that married during the late 1980s. A 2009 study by Yuanting Zhang and Jennifer Van Hook also found that interracial couples were at increased risk of divorce.
One consistent finding of this research is that gender is significantly related to divorce risk. Interracial marriages involving a White woman have a higher risk of divorce, as compared with interracial marriages involving Asian or Black women.
According to authors Stella Ting-Toomey and Tenzin Dorjee, the increased risk of divorce observed in couples with a White wife may be related to decreased support from family members and friends. They note that White women were viewed as "unqualified" by their non-White in-laws to raise and nurture mixed race children, due to their lack of experience in "navigating American culture as a minority". A 2018 study by Jennifer Bratter and Ellen Whitehead found that white women with mixed race children were less likely to receive family support than were non-white women with mixed race children.
In one study, White women married to Black men were more likely to report incidents of racial discrimination in public, such as inferior restaurant service or police profiling, compared to other interracial pairings. Such prejudicial factors may place these marriages at an increased risk of divorce.
A study published in 2008 reported a lower risk of divorce for inter-ethnic marriages between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. However, another study, published in 2011, found that these intermarriages were at an increased risk of divorce. Gender was found to be related to the probability of divorce, with marriages involving White women and Hispanic men having the highest risk of divorce.
Census Bureau statistics
The number of interracial marriages has steadily continued to increase since the 1967 Supreme Court ruling in Loving v. Virginia, but also continues to represent an absolute minority among the total number of wed couples. According to the United States Census Bureau, the number of interracially married couples has increased from 310,000 in 1970 to 651,000 in 1980, to 964,000 in 1990, to 1,464,000 in 2000 and to 2,340,000 in 2008; accounting for 0.7%, 1.3%, 1.8%, 2.6% and 3.9% of the total number of married couples in those years, respectively.
These statistics do not take into account the mixing of ancestries within the same "race"; e.g. a marriage involving Indian and Japanese ancestries would not be classified as interracial due to the Census regarding both as the same category. Likewise, since Hispanic is not a race but an ethnicity, Hispanic marriages with non-Hispanics are not registered as interracial if both partners are of the same race (i.e. a Black Hispanic marrying a non-Hispanic Black partner).
Based on these figures:
White Americans were statistically the least likely to wed interracially, though in absolute terms they were involved in interracial marriages more than any other racial group due to their demographic majority. 2.1% of married White women and 2.3% of married White men had a non-White spouse. 1.0% of all married White men were married to an Asian American woman, and 1.0% of married White women were married to a man classified as "other".
4.6% of married Black American women and 10.8% of married Black American men had a non-Black spouse. 8.5% of married Black men and 3.9% of married Black women had a White spouse. 0.2% of married Black women were married to Asian American men, representing the least prevalent marital combination.
There is a notable disparity in the rates of exogamy by Asian American males and females. Of all Asian American/White marriages, only 29% involved an Asian American male and a White female. However Indian American males married more non-Indians than females, although Indian Americans displayed the highest rates of endogamy, with very low levels of outmarriage overall. Of all Asian American/Black marriages only 19% involved an Asian American male and a Black female. 17.5% of married Asian American women and 8.2% of married Asian American men had a non-Asian American spouse.
The most common interracial marriage in the United States is an Asian American female married to a White American male, this is followed by a White American female married to a Black American male.
In 2006, 88% of foreign-born White Hispanic males were married to White Hispanic females. In terms of out-marriage, Hispanic males who identified as White had non-Hispanic wives more often than other Hispanic men.
2008 Pew Research Center Report
The table (U.S. Census Bureau's 2008 American Community Survey) shows that among whites who out-married in 2008, there were different patterns by gender in the race of their spouses. More than a quarter of white men (26.9%) married an Asian woman, and about 6.9% married a black woman. In contrast, 20.1% of white women married a black man, while just 9.4% married an Asian man.
A slightly higher proportion of white women than white men married a Hispanic person (51% versus 46%), and a similar share of each
gender married someone in the other group.
The study found that in 2008:
A record 14.6% of all new marriages in the United States in 2008 were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. This compares to 8.0% of all current marriages regardless of when they occurred. This includes marriages between a Hispanic and non-Hispanic (Hispanics are an ethnic group, not a race) as well as marriages between spouses of different races – be they white, black, Asian, American Indian or those who identify as being of multiple races or some other race.
Among all newlyweds in 2008, 9% of whites, 16% of blacks, 26% of Hispanics and 31% of Asians married someone whose race or ethnicity was different from their own.
Among all newlyweds in 2008, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (41%) as compared to White-Asian (15%), White-Black (11%), and Other Combinations (33%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American Indians.
Among all newlyweds in 2008, native-born Hispanics and Asians were far more likely to intermarry than foreign-born Hispanics and Asians: 41.3% of native-born Hispanic men out-married compared to 11.3% of foreign-born Hispanic men; 37.4% of native-born Hispanic women out-married compared to 12.2% of foreign-born Hispanic women; 41.7% of native-born Asian men out-married compared to 11.7% of foreign-born Asian men; 50.8% of native-born Asian women out-married compared to 36.8% of foreign-born Asian women. Foreign-born excludes immigrants who arrived married.
Gender patterns in intermarriage vary widely. Some 22% of all black male newlyweds in 2008 married outside their race, compared with just 9% of black female newlyweds. Among Asians, the gender pattern runs the other way. Some 40% of Asian female newlyweds married outside their race in 2008, compared with just 20% of Asian male newlyweds. Among whites and Hispanics, by contrast, there are no gender differences in intermarriage rates.
Rates of intermarriages among newlyweds in the U.S. more than doubled between 1980 (6.7%) and 2008 (14.6%). However, different groups experienced different trends. Rates more than doubled among whites and nearly tripled among blacks. But for both Hispanics and Asians, rates were nearly identical in 2008 and 1980.
These seemingly contradictory trends were driven by the heavy, ongoing Hispanic and Asian immigration wave of the past four decades. For whites and blacks, these immigrants (and, increasingly, their U.S.-born children who are now of marrying age) have enlarged the pool of potential spouses for out-marriage. But for Hispanics and Asians, the ongoing immigration wave has also enlarged the pool of potential partners for in-group marriage.
There is a strong regional pattern to intermarriage. Among all new marriages in 2008, 22% in the West were interracial or interethnic, compared with 13% in both the South and Northeast and 11% in the Midwest.
Most Americans say they approve of racial or ethnic intermarriage – not just in the abstract, but in their own families. More than six-in-ten say it would be fine with them if a family member told them they were going to marry someone from any of three major race/ethnic groups other than their own.
More than a third of adults (35%) say they have a family member who is married to someone of a different race. Blacks say this at higher rates than do whites; younger adults at higher rates than older adults; and Westerners at higher rates than people living in other regions of the country.
2010 Pew Research Center Report
The study (U.S. Census Bureau's 2010 American Community Survey) found that in 2010:
A record 15.1% of all new marriages in the United States were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. This compares to 8.4% of all current marriages regardless of when they occurred. This includes marriages between a Hispanic and non-Hispanic (Hispanics are an ethnic group, not a race) as well as marriages between spouses of different races – be they white, black, Asian, American Indian or those who identify as being of multiple races or some other race.
Among all newlyweds, 9.4% of whites, 17.1% of blacks, 25.7% of Hispanics and 27.7% of Asians married someone whose race or ethnicity was different from their own.
Among all newlyweds, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (43.3%) as compared to White-Asian (14.4%), White-Black (11.9%), and Other Combinations (30.4%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American Indians.
Among all newlyweds, native-born Hispanics and Asians were far more likely to intermarry than foreign-born Hispanics and Asians: 36.2% of native-born Hispanics (both men and women) out-married compared to 14.2% of foreign-born Hispanics; 32% of native-born Asian men out-married compared to 11% of foreign-born Asian men; 43% of native-born Asian women out-married compared to 34% of foreign-born Asian women. Foreign-born excludes immigrants who arrived married.
Gender patterns in intermarriage vary widely. Some 24% of all black male newlyweds in 2010 married outside their race, compared with just 9% of black female newlyweds. Among Asians, the gender pattern runs the other way. Some 36% of Asian female newlyweds married outside their race in 2010, compared with just 17% of Asian male newlyweds. Among whites and Hispanics, by contrast, there are no gender differences in intermarriage rates.
Rates of intermarriages among newlyweds in the U.S. have nearly tripled since 1980 (6.7%) increasing to 14.6% in 2008 and 15.1% in 2010.
There is a strong regional pattern to intermarriage. Among all new marriages in 2010, 22% in the West were interracial or interethnic, compared with 14% in the South, 13% in the Northeast and 11% in the Midwest.
Interracial marriage by pairing
Asian and White
Marriages between European Americans and Asian Americans are increasingly common for both genders in the United States.
Asian Americans of both genders who are U.S.-raised are much more likely to be married to Whites than their non-U.S.-raised counterparts. A 1998 Washington Post article states 36% of young Asian Pacific American men born in the United States married White women, and 45% of U.S.-born Asian Pacific American women took White husbands during the year of publication.
The 1960 census showed Asian-White was the most common marriages. White women most common intermarriage pairings with Asian American was with Filipino males (12,000), followed by Indian males (11,200), followed by Japanese males (3,500) and Chinese males (3,500). For White males, the most common was with Japanese females (21,700), Indian females (17,500), followed by Filipina females (4,500) and Chinese females (2,900).
Anti-miscegenation laws discouraging marriages between Whites and non-Whites were affecting Asian immigrants and their spouses from the late 17th to early 20th century. By 1910, 28 states prohibited certain forms of interracial marriage. Eight states including Arizona, California, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Utah extended their prohibitions to include people of Asian descent. The laws of Arizona, California, Mississippi, Texas, and Utah referred to "Mongolians". Asians in California were barred by anti-miscegenation laws from marrying White Americans (a group including Hispanic Americans). Nevada and Oregon referred to "Chinese," while Montana listed both "Chinese" and "Japanese" persons. For example, a Eurasian daughter born to an Indian father and Irish mother in Maryland in 1680 was classified as a "mulato" and sold into slavery, and the Bengali revolutionary Tarak Nath Das's white American wife, Mary K. Das, was stripped of her American citizenship for her marriage to an "alien ineligible for citizenship."
In 1918, there was controversy in Arizona when an Indian farmer married the sixteen-year-old daughter of one of his White tenants. California law did not explicitly bar Filipinos and whites from marrying, a fact brought to wide public attention by the 1933 California Supreme Court case Roldan v. Los Angeles County; however, the legislature quickly moved to amend the laws to prohibit such marriages as well in the aftermath of the case. Virginia in addition implicitly forbade marriage between white and Asians in the 1924 Racial Integrity Act, which banned marriages between whites and people who had "a trace whatsoever of any blood other than Caucasian" except for people with 1/16 or less Native American ancestry.
Research conducted in the late 1970s in Los Angeles County, California, showed Japanese were, on average, more likely to marry outside of their race compared to Chinese and Koreans in the county. In 1979, 41.2% of Chinese marriages had a spouse of a different race. Koreans had a 27.6% rate of interracial marriages, and Japanese had a rate of 60.6%. The research also showed that, among Asians living in the United States, the percentage of women who married outside their race was higher than the percentage of men. Specifically, Korean-American women are involved in a higher percent of interracial marriages than Chinese or Japanese women. The research considered marriages to other Asians outside a person's ethnicity to be interracial marriages, for example, a Korean marrying a Japanese person.
Black and White
In the United States, there has been a historical disparity between Black female and Black male exogamy ratios: according to the United States Census Bureau, there were 354,000 White female/Black male and 196,000 Black female/White male marriages in March 2009, representing a ratio of 181:100. This traditional disparity has seen a rapid decline over the last two decades, contrasted with its peak in 1981 when the ratio was still 371:100. In 2007, 4.6% of all married Blacks in the United States were wed to a White partner, and 0.4% of all Whites were married to a Black partner.The role of gender in interracial divorce dynamics, found in social studies by Jenifer L. Bratter and Rosalind B. King, was highlighted when examining marital instability among Black/White unions. White wife/Black husband marriages show twice the divorce rate of White wife/White husband couples by the 10th year of marriage, whereas Black wife/White husband marriages are 44% less likely to end in divorce than White wife/White husband couples over the same period.
According to Census Bureau data, in 1985 black men participated in 143,000 interracial marriages (approximately 3% of all married black men in the U.S.).
Historically, mixed-race offspring of black and white people such as mulattos and quadroons were often denominated to whichever race was the minority, an example of the "one-drop rule", as a way to maintain the racial hierarchy. When slavery was legal, most mixed children came from an African American mother and white father. Relations between an African American man and white woman were deeply frowned upon, often due to the frequent portrayal of the men as sexual dangers. (By the 1970s, intermarriages flipped to be more common between a white woman and African American man). Once slavery was abolished, intermarriage was more common among higher educated and more affluent African Americans. There became a balance between racial prestige and socioeconomic prestige in intermarriages. Intermarriage between African Americans and whites was seen as the ultimate objective of integrationism. They believed these intermarriages were the solution to racism and discrimination.
The 1960 and 1970 censuses showed that interracial marriage between black people and white people was least likely to occur in the South and most likely to occur in the West, specifically the West coast. In the 1960 census, 0.8% of black women and 0.6% of black men in the South were married to a white person. Ten years later, 0.5% of black women and 0.5% of black men in the South were married to a white person. By contrast, in the western U.S., 1.6% of black women and 2.1% of black men had white spouses in the 1960 census; the comparable figures in the 1970 census were 1.6% of black women and 4.9% of black men. In the 1980 census, the percentage of black men in the western U.S. in interracial marriages had increased to 16.5%. However, in 2020, births between blacks and whites were much more common in the South than other regions with approximately half occurring there and were least common in the West due to the low black percentage.
Native American and Asian
Filipino Americans have frequently married Native American and Alaskan Native people. In the 17th century, when Filipinos were under Spanish rule, the Spanish colonists ensured a Filipino trade between the Philippines and the Americas. When the Mexicans revolted against the Spanish, the Filipinos first escaped into Mexico, then traveled to Louisiana, where the exclusively male Filipinos married Native American women. In the 1920s, Filipino American communities of workers also grew in Alaska, and Filipino American men married Alaskan Native women. On the west coast, Filipino Americans married Native American women in Bainbridge Island, Washington.
Asian and Black
With African Americans and Asian Americans, the ratios are even further imbalanced, with roughly five times more Asian female/African male marriages than Asian male/African female marriages. However, C.N. Le estimated that among Asian Americans of the 1.5 generation and of the five largest Asian American ethnic groups this ratio narrows to approximately two to one. Even though the disparity between African American and Asian American interracial marriages by gender is high according to the 2000 US Census, the total numbers of Asian American/African American interracial marriages are low, numbering only 0.22% percent for Asian American male marriages and 1.30% percent of Asian female marriages, partially contributed by the recent flux of Asian immigrants.
Historically, Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States. After the Emancipation Proclamation, many Chinese Americans immigrated to the Southern states, particularly Arkansas, to work on plantations. The tenth year of US Census of Louisiana alone had counted 57% of interracial marriages between these Chinese Americans to be with African Americans and 43% to be with European American women. After the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese American men had fewer potential ethnically Chinese wives, so they increasingly married African American women on the West Coast. In Jamaica and other Caribbean nations as well many Chinese males over past generations took up African wives, gradually assimilating or absorbing many Chinese descendants into the African Caribbean community or the overall mixed-race community.
Native American and White
The interracial disparity between genders among Native Americans is low. Women are slightly more likely to “marry out” than men in this group: 61% of American Indian female newlyweds married outside their race, compared with 54% of American Indian male newlyweds.
Historically in Latin America, and to a lesser degree in the United States, Native Americans have married out at a high rate. Many countries in Latin America have large Mestizo populations; in many cases, mestizos are the largest ethnic group in their respective countries.
Native American and Black
In the United States, interracial unions between Native Americans and African Americans have also existed throughout the 16th through early 20th century resulting in some African Americans having Native American heritage.
Throughout American history, there has been frequent mixing between Native Americans and black Africans. When Native Americans invaded the European colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1622, they killed the Europeans but took the African slaves as captives, gradually integrating them. Interracial relationships occurred between African Americans and members of other tribes along coastal states. During the transitional period of Africans becoming the primary race enslaved, Native Americans were sometimes enslaved with them. Africans and Native Americans worked together, some even intermarried and had mixed children. The relationship between Africans and Native-Americans was seen as a threat to Europeans and European-Americans, who actively tried to divide Native-Americans and Africans and put them against each other.
During the 18th Century, some Native American women turned to freed or runaway African men due to a major decline in the male population in Native American villages. At the same time, the early slave population in America was disproportionately male. Records show that some Native American women bought African men as slaves. Unknown to European sellers, the women freed and married the men into their tribe.
Some African men chose Native American women as their partners because their children would be free, as the child's status followed that of the mother. The men could marry into some of the matrilineal tribes and be accepted, as their children were still considered to belong to the mother's people. As European expansion increased in the Southeast, African and Native American marriages became more numerous.
Public opinion
Historically, interracial marriage in the United States was subject to great public opposition (often a taboo), especially among whites. According to opinion polls, by 1986 only one third of Americans approved of interracial marriage in general. In contrast, in 2011, the vast majority of Americans approved of marriages between different races in general, while just 20 years earlier, in 1991, less than half approved.
It was only in 1994 when more than half of Americans approved of such marriages in general. The approval/disapproval rate differs between demographic groups (for example by race, gender, age, and socioeconomic and marital status).
A 2018 YouGov/Economist poll found that 17% of Americans oppose interracial marriage; with 19% of "other" ethnic groups, 18% of blacks, 17% of whites, and 15% of Hispanics opposing.
Attitudes towards interracial marriage can vary depending upon the race of the union and the person judging them - for example, black women expressed less approval for black men-white women marriages than the reverse, and Asian men less approval of white men-Asian women marriages than the reverse, seemingly due to concerns over mate competition.
Relevant fields
Marriage squeeze
A term has arisen to describe the social phenomenon of the so-called "marriage squeeze" for African American females. The "marriage squeeze" refers to the perception that the most "eligible" and "desirable" African American men are marrying non-African American women at a higher rate, leaving African American women who wish to marry African American men with fewer partnering options. According to Newsweek, 43% of African American women between the ages of 30 and 34 have never been married.
Religion and interracial marriage
Historically, many American religions disapproved of interracial marriage. Religious tradition and church attendance are consistent predictors for attitudes towards interracial marriages. Biblical literalists are less likely to support interracial marriage to Asians and Latinos. Whites who attend multiracial congregations or engage in devotional religious practices are more likely to support interracial marriages. Region also moderates the relationship between religion and interracial dating. Children with a religious upbringing in non-Western states, particularly the South, were less likely to have interracially dated than those without religious upbringings. Religious attitudes combined with Christian nationalism increased opposition to intermarriage more than either attribute measured independently.
According to a Baylor University study "people with no religious affiliation were not statistically more likely to be in intermarriages than evangelical or mainline Protestants or people from other religions" with one exception, Catholics. Catholics were twice as likely to be in an interracial marriage than the general population. It is speculated that the reason for this is twofold: the increasing diversity of the Catholic population (which has seen a huge influx of immigrants, Catholicism has sizable to significant number of adherents from many nationalities worldwide) and the fact that Catholics typically base their choice of parish on geography rather than on its ethnic or racial makeup which creates more opportunities for interracial mixing. Jews were also more likely to date interracially than Protestants.
Some religions actively teach against interracial marriages. For example, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints recommends against interracial marriages, but does not prohibit it. On the other hand, the Baháʼí Faith promotes interracial marriage as a prerequisite to achieving world peace.
Even into the twentieth century, marriage between subcultures of Judaism was rare. Eastern European Jews were the most analyzed subgroup due to having the largest presence in the U.S. During 1908–1912, only 2.27% of Jews in New York City were part of an intermarriage. This figure only rose to 3.6% by 1919. Despite enjoying new freedom in America after escaping the oppression of the Old World, some Jews were still hesitant about interfaith marriage. One of the greatest factors that swayed Jews away from intermarriage was a fear of assimilation and loss of identity. Although the beginnings of a melting pot culture appeared to encourage diversity, it was also seen as a threat to the Jewish culture and religion. However, there was also fear of persecution due to racial tensions and frequent discrimination.
Not all Jews were hesitant about assimilating into American culture. Some early Jewish authors such as Mary Antin were strong proponents of abandoning their Jewish heritage and encouraged interfaith marriage. It was suggested as a way to make immigration easier and reflect positively on the Jews in a time of prevailing discrimination. They believed that intermarriage was beneficial to both the Jewish community and America as a whole.
While intermarriage was relatively common among ethnic groups like the German and Italians, the practice of endogamy was still the domineering practice among the newer ethnic groups. It has been found that rates in Jewish intermarriage increase from the initial immigrant wave with each subsequent generation.
Immigrants and interracial marriage
Racial endogamy is significantly stronger among recent immigrants. This result holds for all racial groups, with the strongest endogamy found among immigrants of African descent. Gender differences in interracial marriage change significantly when the non-white partner is an immigrant. For instance, female immigrants of Chinese descent are more likely to marry U.S.-born Caucasians than are their male counterparts.
Interracial marriage versus cohabitation
In the United States, rates of interracial cohabitation are significantly higher than those of marriage. Although only 7% of married African American men have European American wives, 12.5% of cohabitating African American men have European American partners. 25% of married Asian American women have European spouses, but 45% of cohabitating Asian American women are with European American men—higher than the percentage cohabiting with Asian men (less than 43%).
Of cohabiting Asian men, slightly over 37% of Asian men have white female partners and over 10% married to white women. These numbers suggest that the prevalence of intimate interracial contact is around double that of what is represented by marriage data.
See also
Same-sex marriage in the United States
Hispanic and Latino Americans#Intermarriage
Multiracial American
Race (United States Census)
References
Further reading |
23574359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%20ICF%20Canoe%20Slalom%20World%20Championships | 1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships | The 1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 11th edition. The mixed C2 team event returned for the third and final time after not being held at the previous championships. East Germany did not win any medals for the first time since 1951.
Note
Only two teams completed the course in the women's K1 team event.
Medal summary
Men's
Canoe
Kayak
Mixed
Canoe
Women's
Kayak
Medals table
References
External links
International Canoe Federation
Icf Canoe Slalom World Championships, 1969
ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
International sports competitions hosted by France
Icf Canoe Slalom World Championships, 1969 |
23574368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelivan | Pelivan | Pelivan is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Cișmea and Pelivan.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatti | Gatti | Gatti is an Italian name. Notable people with the surname include:
Alessandra Mirka Gatti, Italian Eurobeat singer
Annibale Gatti, Italian 19th-century fresco painter
Armand Gatti (1924–2017), French playwright
Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian professional boxer
Attilio Gatti, Italian explorer of Africa
Bernardino Gatti, Italian painter of the Renaissance
Bruno Gatti (* 1941), Swiss footballer
Carlo Gatti, Swiss entrepreneur in the Victorian era
Carmine Biagio Gatti (born 1988), Italian professional football player
Claudio Gatti, Italian investigative journalist based in New York City
Daniele Gatti, Italian conductor
Darío Javier Franco Gatti (born 1969), Argentine football manager and a former international footballer
Eduardo Gatti (born 1949), Chilean singer-songwriter
Elena Gatti Caporaso (1918–1999), Italian socialist politician and feminist
Emilio Gatti (1922–2016), Italian engineer and professor of nuclear electronics at the Politecnico of Milan
Enrico Gatti (born 1955), Italian violinist, known for playing Baroque music
Enrique Gatti, German musician of the English and German indie rock band Art Brut
Fabio Gatti, Italian footballer
Fabrizio Gatti (born 1966), Italian investigative journalist and author
Fortunato Gatti (early 17th century) was an Italian painter active near Parma and Modena
Franco Gatti (born 1942), the founder of the Italian group Ricchi e Poveri
Gabriele Gatti, Sammarinese politician
Gabriella Gatti (1908–2003), Italian operatic soprano
Gervasio Gatti (c. 1550–c. 1631), Italian late-Renaissance, active in Parma, Piacenza, and Cremona
Giacomo Gatti (died 1817), Italian painter of the late-Baroque, active mainly in his native Mantua
Girolamo Gatti (1682–1726), Italian painter, active mainly in Bologna.
Giulio Gatti-Casazza, Italian opera manager
Guido Carlo Gatti (born 1938), Italian former basketball player
Héctor Gustavo Gatti (born 1972), former Argentine footballer
Hugo Gatti, former Argentine professional football goalkeeper
Isabelle Laure Gatti de Gamond (1839–1905), Belgian educationalist, feminist, and politician
Jennifer Gatti, American television actress
Joe Gatti (born 1967), Canadian former middleweight boxer
John Maria Emilio Gatti, Sir (1872–1929), Anglo-Swiss theatre manager, restaurateur and businessman
Lou Gatti (1915-1977), Australian rules footballer
Lucas Cassius Gatti (born 1978), retired Argentine football midfielder
Luigi Gatti (composer) (1740–1817), Venetian classical composer
Luigi Gatti (businessman) (1875–1912), restaurateur
Luigi Gatti (weightlifter), Italian weightlifter
Luigi Gatti (politician) (1913–1945), Italian politician
Luigi Gatti (nuncio) (born 1946), Vatican diplomat
Marcello Gatti (1924–2013), Italian cinematographer
María Ester Gatti de Islas (1918–2010), Uruguayan teacher and human rights activist
Natalia Gatti (born 1982), Argentine female football forward
Mauro Gatti (born 1937), a retired Italian professional football player and coach
Nando Gatti (1927-date of death unknown), former South African international lawn bowler
Oliviero Gatti (1579–1648), Italian painter and engraver
Pierluigi Gatti (born 1938), Italian athlete
Rafael Savério Gatti (born 1984), Brazilian football goalkeeper
Riccardo Gatti (born 1997), Italian football player
Federico Gatti (born 1998), Italian football player
Roberto Gatti (born 1954), retired Italian football defender and later manager
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti (born 1984), Italian environmental and evolutionary biologist
Saturnino Gatti (1463–1518), Italian painter and sculptor
Simon Gatti, Canadian footballer
Stanlee Gatti (born 1955), American event designer
Theobaldo di Gatti (c.1650-1727), Florentine composer and musician
Italian-language surnames |
20467282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian%20Potter | Vivian Potter | Vivian Harold Potter (23 October 1878 – 19 November 1968) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament, miner, trade unionist, and soldier.
Private life
Potter was born in Hamilton in 1878, the son of Albert Potter. His mother was Catherine Potter (née Whitehouse), Albert Potter's second wife. Albert Potter left his first wife in 1862 in Hobart when he discovered that both she and Catherine Whitehouse were pregnant with his children; he secretly took four of their five children with them to Auckland. His first wife tracked him down in Mount Eden in 1892.
Vivian Potter mostly lived in Auckland during his early life. He fought in the Second Boer War with the 7th Contingent for about two years; he was a Squadron Quartermaster Sergeant with registration number 4045.
After the Boer War, he married Lillah Coleman at Waihi in January 1904. He was a miner at Waihi and was a member of the Waihi Miners' Union, but opposed the 1912 strike. After the strike was over, he travelled the North Island and lectured on labour arbitration and conciliation.
He was a Second Lieutenant in World War I. He was granted indefinite leave from military service in March 1918 because he suffered from sciatica.
Political career
Potter served on the Waihi Borough Council. He chaired the Waihi school committee for some time, and was on the advisory committee for the Technical School.
Potter represented the Roskill electorate for the Reform Party in the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1919 to 1928. In the , Potter stood in the electorate for the Reform Party but was beaten by Arthur Stallworthy. In the 1931 election, he was one of five candidates in Eden and came last. In the , he stood in Roskill electorate again, and came fourth of the five candidates.
He died on 19 November 1968 and was buried at Mangere Lawn Cemetery.
References
1878 births
1968 deaths
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
Local politicians in New Zealand
New Zealand military personnel of the Second Boer War
New Zealand military personnel of World War I
New Zealand miners
New Zealand trade unionists
People from Hamilton, New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
Burials at Mangere Lawn Cemetery
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1928 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1931 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election |
23574374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo%20Gulotta | Guglielmo Gulotta | Guglielmo Gulotta has been a full professor (retired since 2009) at the University of Turin, Department of Psychology. He continues his career in law as a criminal barrister of the Milan Court, and his law activity takes him all around Italy. He is a psychologist and a psychotherapist.
Despite his retirement as an academic, Guglielmo Gulotta continues to give lectures and participate in important national debates regarding psychology as a science of human facts. His major expertise concerns the forensic setting, having been one of the first Italian criminal barristers to have a psychology specialisation. This dual competence (law and psychology) has promoted a novel and enriched approach to studying criminal law and to go beyond the mechanical application of the legal norms to the forensic case.
His scientific career has been witnessed by his work done in various areas of psychology and the law.
Gulotta is the Editor of two scientific series with the Milan Publisher – [Giuffrè]: Juridical and Criminal Psychology Series and Notebooks on Psychology Series.
He has published up to now, as an author and a co-author, 50 books, and more than 300 scientific papers, some of them in different languages.
Gulotta is considered one of the most prominent contemporary authorities in Juridical and Forensic Psychology in Italy.
His fundamental scientific work lies in the complex and controversial task of reducing the gap between the law and psychology, and in creating a bridge between these two areas of human investigation and behaviour.
The scientific influence of Guglielmo Gulotta has spread widely from criminal law through:
attribution theory;
child abuse allegations;
ethics in psychology and in professional practice;
forensic neuroscience;
forensic psychology;
humour in life and in psychotherapy;
interpersonal influence studies;
mobbing;
psychoanalysis and individual responsibility;
psychology of last will and testament;
social psychology as a science of everyday life;
systemic theory and family conflicts;
touristic psychology;
victimology.
Personal life
Guglielmo Gulotta was born in Milan on 11 July 1939. His family can be traced back to Sicily and Naples, and his pride in his roots is warmly expressed by his high spirit and vibrant character, which broadens his personality.
Gulotta lives between Milan and Turin, and travels around all Italy.
Academic life
After his Upper Honour Degree in Law cum laude at the University of Milan in 1964, Gulotta continued his practice in law, and in 1966 he passed the exam to be on the Board of Lawyers of the Milan Tribunal.
His curiosity for human behaviour and interpersonal relationships continued to grow and in 1968 he was awarded a scholarship, which lasted until 1970, to follow a research programme at the Institute of Criminal Law in the University of Milan. Since the beginning of his life as a researcher he has believed that the science of psychology could shed some light on the complexity of mental dimensions and human relationships of the different actors in the court.
He started to study psychology avidly and in 1969 obtained his specialisation in Psychology at the University of Turin, where he subsequently returned as a Full Professor in 1995.
He always remembers a film that he went to watch at the cinema, when it was first released in 1962, which apparently changed his life and his way of thinking for ever: Freud: The Secret Passion, also known as Freud. The film was a drama based on the life of the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
Gulotta started then to see the possible and amazing use of psychology within the legal and criminal law scenarios. His career as a criminal barrister and as an academic started to take off.
He believes that the law and psychology are two overlapping disciplines; they both study human behaviour. The first to control it; the second to explain it.
In 1974 he became a collaborator, in a four-year research contract, with Prof. Pietro Nuvolone at the Institute of Criminal Law, University of Milan. In 1978 he worked at the Institute of Psychology alongside professor Marcello Cesa-Bianchi, director of the Juridical Psychology Section at the Department of Medicine (University of Milan). From 1982 to 1984 he was the President of AGAM (Association of Young Lawyers in Milan).
In 1982 he obtained a researcher post at the Institute of Criminal Law, University of Milan, where is stayed until 1986, the year in which his interest and specialisation in psychology took him to Sardinia. At the University of Cagliari he was appointed as a full Professor in Social Psychology.
He enjoyed his academic life in Cagliari and his interest in joining law and psychology even closer developed greatly. In 1995 he was granted a post as a Full Professor in Juridical Psychology, at the University of Turin.
The cathedra of Juridical Psychology granted to him was the first in Italy. His high commitment and work in the field was starting to pay off, not only within his practice as a barrister, but also as an academic. In 2000 he directed a group of research about serial homicides and murder without a probable cause.
He retired as university professor in 2009.
Among his many students should be mentioned professor Cristina Cabras, doctor Roberta Bruzzone, doctor Alessandra Bramante, doctor Angelo Zappalà and doctor Fabrizio Russo.
Scientific and professional life
The most crucial insight within his scientific legacy is that human behaviour can be assessed and judged, as it happens every day in the Court, only by contextualising human actions and choices within the psychosocial reality of the defendant, the witnesses, the public prosecutor, the jury, and the Judge, and by recognising the psychological influences upon them.
This was a remarkable insight by a person who was first trained in law and who first practiced in a field in which psychology was seen as something akin to astrology, and remote from the certainty and clear cut attitude required in Court.
In one of his edited books Treatise of Juridical Psychology [Trattato di Psicologia giudiziaria], 1987, inspired by the novels and plays of Luigi Pirandello and in line with the work of Erving Goffman, he described the Court as a theatre. He identified the different figures operating there, both on the stage and in the backstage, with actors reciting their own roles within their specific status.
In this forensic theatre, the drama of life is unfolded daily, and every day the case presented to the Judge exists only by virtue of how the evidence was gathered and collated; how the public accuser perceives and understands the dynamics of personal and social responsibilities involved; how the lawyer or the barrister introduces and argues the defense; how the defendant furnishes information about their behaviour and their possible involvement, or not, in the case; how the alleged victim reports the experience; how the witnesses contribute to the understanding of the case; how the experts provide clarity.
Many of these dimensions imply that what we deal with in the Court is not actually anymore the factual historical reality of events, but has something to do with the [procedural reality], which is how events are reconstructed via a process affected by personal memory, perception, and understanding of what was and is going on.
Inspired by the work of scientists such as Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, and of the Scottish psychiatrist R. D. Laing, Gulotta believes that reality is a social construction, and that human beings are directly responsible for this natural fabrication of life and interpersonal relationships. Gulotta has also devoted some attention to victimology, paying a specific tribute to family violence.
Guglielmo Gulotta calls his interdisciplinary approach the psychology of everyday life in which he thinks it is essential to include forensic psychology as well. 'How' and 'why' people respect the law, as well as 'how' and 'why' people break the law, can depend on the extent to which individuals are supported by or alienated from their own individual and social conditions, and also on the opportunities that society gives them to develop (or not) who they are and can be. His prolific publication track record is an example of how he can move easily from one subject to another. For those interested in the list of his publications, the website of the Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation lists them in detail: see link publications
Protocols and guidelines
Guglielmo Gulotta is actively involved in applying theory to practice and in the course of his long professional career he has been the creator and the promoter of many published protocols and documents.
The Noto Charter [Carta di Noto], created and developed with Luisella DeCataldo and other professionals in 1996, was then revised on July 7 2002, on June 12 2011 and again on October 14 2017, in its fourth edition. It is a document which contains guidelines for the examination of a minor in cases of sexual abuse.
The Venice Protocol [Protocollo di Venezia] was crafted and produced on September 21–23 2007, with a group of professionals from different scientific disciplines such as law, psychology, criminology, child neuropsychology, and psychiatry. The document intends to be a guideline and a methodological tool to assist professionals in those cases in which a forensic diagnosis of an alleged sexual collective abuse of a minor is required.
Both documents have been shaped: with faithful reference to the jurisprudence and legislative developments in law; with wide recognition of the specialised international literature; with humble respect of the evidence-based findings offered by the progress of scientific research in this area.
The Forensic Psychology Guidelines have been published as a book entitled Innocenza e colpevolezza sul banco degli imputati (Innocence and guilt in the dock) in 2018, with the famous Italian Publisher Giuffrè. This work is the highest expression of the combination of forensic activity and psychology in its various expressions, such as cognitive, social, neuroscience, communication and interpersonal relationships. It is a commentary on the Guidelines drawn up by a group of scholars, academics and professionals in the legal and psychosocial sciences who have drafted them with the intention of limiting the numerous judicial errors - both in the sense of the acquittal of a guilty person and the conviction of an innocent person - that afflict the criminal justice system and, as a consequence, our society. The book provides a description of the entire criminal process, from the investigation to the trial, and all criminal matters are examined to counter the errors, to reduce preconceptions and biases that can pollute the forensic action, with the aim of achieving an informed and critical cognitive vigilance.
Guglielmo Gulotta is, along other colleagues, the developer of the Patavino Memorandum, which is concerned with the application of neuroscience to legal capacities. This memorandum is a compendium about the most recent neuroscientific techniques used in the forensic field in Italy; it is, therefore an indispensable tool for professionals: forensic experts, technical consultants, magistrates, judges, and lawyers.
The commission of a crime is a human phenomenon which is profoundly complex and affected by many factors and variables, not always controllable. It must be understood and defined according to the interactionist language. The concepts of "mind", "consciousness" and "awareness" are parts of a much larger context of the interaction between cognitive functioning, individual psychological and psychophysiological responses, social, environmental and cultural influences. It is in the light of this perspective that the Memorandum speaks of individual responsibility as a derivative of the so-called "social brain", whose structure and function are represented by human interaction. The Patavino Memorandum was inspired by the Brain Waves Module 4: Neuroscience and the law (2011), and suggests that, in the current state of the art, neuroscience is not able to be the keystone of judicial diagnoses on its own. Neuroscience constitutes rather a contribution which, however authoritative and fascinating, is likely to continuously require interaction with and contribution from other sciences, in particular, empirical-social sciences.
Family violence
International studies have underlined a preoccupying rise in family dysfunction, abuse and violence, and yet these domestic troubles remain, in most cases, secrets or, at best, unknown to the extent that the shifting manifestation of deviance stays underestimated.
At the Septieme Congress Des nations Unies Pour la Prevention du Crime et le Traitment des Delinquants, in 1985, Gulotta, in his personal communication entitled "Victims within the family" offered the following discerning words on family victimology:
"The fact that the family has the delicate function of first adapting the individual to society and also serv[ing] as a refuge from the stresses of social life outside its confines, means that victimization within the family represents a phenomenon of special gravity, calling for particular intervention […] (Gulotta, 1985, p. 13)”.
Family victimology has been the stepping stone for his work on child abuse.
No doubt children have been often and for lengthy periods, silent victims of maltreatment, neglect, physical, psychological and sexual violence.
The family setting is at times the most privileged environment for this type of crime to take place. It makes it easier to get access to children, to groom them and viciously entangle him/her in a promiscuous relationship. Family settings, once they permit the abuse dynamic to take place, can easily sustain it because of the claim to family privacy that allows the clearance of all external interferences.
Family is supposed to provide a child with a climate of protection, love and care.
Who can then be allowed to unveil the truth behind this paradisiacal scenario?
Real experiences and scientific evidence are extensively gathering data to reveal, unfortunately, that family members, and not least parents, can, at times, be responsible for such heinous acts.
In all this drama, which clusters together political, scientific, and professional forces, there exists another form of silent victimology, the one that focuses on false positives, that is the cases in which children of any age, and even adults, become convinced or are made to believe that they have experienced some form of sexual abuse either at present or in their past.
The reality of false positives was born within the realm of public hysteria in which the urgency to protect children has been made so extreme that everything, every gesture or word that an adult performs, is considered abuse unless otherwise proved. In all this paraphernalia, Gulotta is convinced that the result of all this is that more victims are made and more suffering emerges.
Gulotta considers that for a child to believe and to grow up with the credence that he/she has been abused by either their mother or father, or by one of their relatives, or by their school teacher or neighbour, when in fact it has not actually occurred, can perhaps be as emotionally damaging and traumatic as a real endured abuse.
Cross examinations studies
In 2018 Guglielmo Gulotta published the new edition of his book (edited in 2012) on the cross-examination, what he calls a "scientific art". This volume identifies two hundred rules for cross-examination. The origin of these rules derives from the Code of Criminal Procedure, from the professional experience of Guglielmo Gulotta and other professionals in court, from an extensive Italian and Anglo-American literature on the subject of cross-examination, and from practices and customs that make up what could be defined as "procedural etiquette". On the one hand, Guglielmo Gulotta defines this activity as a scientific art because it involves a certain talent composed of critical sense, flexibility, and creativity. On the other hand, this definition suggests that the compass of implied behaviours is of a scientific nature. There is a dual reference to the science of law and to psycho-social sciences that study human conduct, and in particular psychology and psycho-socio-linguistics. The volume is organized by charts associated with the 200 rules, and that helps to explain, justify, encourage and criticize behaviours that are suggested or discouraged within the forensic setting and in the court.
Other areas of scientific interest
Guglielmo Gulotta has been using "everyday life" as a laboratory to explore empirically many of the concepts of social psychology and of the psychology of communication. His versatile mind has allowed Guglielmo Gulotta to develop in Italy the psychology of tourism. Because of his achievement he is now the President of ARIPT - Associazione Ricerche Interdisciplinari Psicologia del Turismo – (The Association of the Interdisciplinary Research of the Psychology of Tourism).
How to communicate is particularly important in the academic and legal career of any professional. Gugliemo Gulotta has made his interest for communication a topic of his research attention. This scientific interest has led to different scientific publications. One of the most important ones is Sapersi esprimere, published with another colleague, and by the publisher Giuffrè in 2009. This works is related to the know-how of how to express oneself, combined with the analysis of two dimensions of communication and human behaviour: lying and falsehood, and sincerity and honesty. An assumption addressed in the book is that if communication between humans could be carried out telepathically, there might be less interference, than what happens with expressing ourselves in words and gestures, and with all our behaviour. Guglielmo Gulotta and Luisella De Cataldo (the co-author) have taken on the task of addressing the complex topic of communication using the results of the most up-to-date psychological research available. The conclusions are encouraging: communication competence, both in the private and professional context, can be learned and improved.
Psychotherapy and hypnosis are two other areas of interests for Guglielmo Gulotta, which highlights his versatile professional and vibrant personality, which conveys curiosity, creativity and an interest to integrate ideas and areas of knowledge.
Recent achievements
Justice, and this is the great value, which has inspired the professional and scientific work of Gulotta, can be achieved only when a scientific-evidence methodology is appropriately used to explore, address and resolve the complexity of sex abuse allegations.
Within his long track record of studies done in forensic psychology, with the aim of addressing the matter of false negative allegations of child abuse, two important documents should be remembered and be associated with his name: the above mentioned Noto Charter and Venice Protocol.
One of Gulotta's books, Juridical psychology and psychological law is a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of how these two main domains (law and psychology) are intertwined in the real world. The book collects some of the work Gulotta has shared with his collaborators. It moves from a similar point of view Gulotta's Compendium of legal-forensic, criminal and investigative psychology, recently published in a new edition with multimedia content.
He has been involved in hundreds of conferences and symposiums, in numerous radio and TV programmes and his competence has been widely appreciated.
A recent achievement of Gulotta is the creation of a Foundation under his name, Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation (see link). The aims are the promotion, realisation, and dissemination of studies, scientific research, and professional training in forensic and social psychology, and strategic communication. The scope is to help experienced professionals to update and enrich their competence, or to develop in new generation of professionals, those skills – the social and forensic psychology know how – which have become so indispensable and fundamental within the social and forensic fields where they are called upon to perform.
The rationale of the Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation is to make a contribution to the development of professionals who show fairness in the words they proffer, justice in their decisions, honesty in their actions, and sensitivity in their handling of cases.
The gratitude of all his students and colleagues goes out to him not just for what he has been able to teach, but for making them appreciate that what is also important in science is to have the courage to make one's own choice, and to address it with a sense of personal and professional responsibility.
A recent book (Il nuovo codice deontologico degli psicologi. Commentato articolo per articolo con decisioni ordinistiche e giurisprudenza ordinaria) which was published in 2018 with two other colleagues (Eugenio Calvi and Elena Leardini) is a new edition of the commentary on the Code of Ethics for Psychologists, in which each article of the Code of Ethics is analysed with ordinary decisions and case law, and contextualised with how they are applied to the professional practice of psychologists.
Major works
Gulotta G. (1976). Commedie e drammi nel matrimonio [Comedy and drama in marriage]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1984). Famiglia e violenza [Family and violence]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1985). Victims within the family. Septieme Congress Des nations Unies Pour la Prevention du Crime et le Traitment des Delinquants.
Gulotta G. (1987). Trattato di Psicologia giudiziaria [Treatise of Juridical Psychology]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1995). La psicologia della vita quotidiana [The psychology of everyday life]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1997). L'intelligenza sociale [Social Intelligence]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2002) (Ed.). Elementi di psicologia giuridica e di diritto psicologico [Juridical psychology and psychological law]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2008) (Ed.). La vita quotidiana come laboratorio di psicologia sociale [The daily life as a laboratory of social psychology]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Bianchi A., Gulotta G., & Sartori G. (2009), Manuale di neuroscienze forensi [Manual of Forensic Neuroscience], Milano: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. e Cutica I. (2009), Guida alla perizia in tema di abuso sessuale e alla sua critica [A guide for the evaluation of sexual abuse and its critic], Milano: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G., & Tuosto E.M. (2017), Il volto nell'investigazione e nel processo. Nuova fisiognomica forense [New Forensic physiognomic], Milano: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2018). Le 200 regole della cross-examination. Un’arte scientifica [The 200 rules of cross-examination]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2018). Innocenza e colpevolezza sul banco degli imputati [Innocence and guilt in the dock]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G., Calvi E., & Leardini E. (2018). Il nuovo codice deontologico degli psicologi. Commentato articolo per articolo con decisioni ordinistiche e giurisprudenza ordinaria [The new Code of Ethics for psychologists. Commented article by article with ordinary decisions and case law]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2020). Compendio di psicologia giuridico-forense, criminale e investigativa [Compendium of legal-forensic, criminal and investigative psychology. Update in 2020 with multimedia references]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Notes
References
Brown J. & E. Campbell (in press) (Eds.). Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
De Cataldo L. (1997). Abuso sessuale di minore e processo penale: ruoli e responsabilità. Padua: Cedam.
De Cataldo L. (1988). Psicologia della testimonianza e prova testimoniale. Milan: Giuffrè.
De Leo G. (1995). Oggetto, competenze e funzioni della psicologia giuridica. In A. Quadrio & G. De Leo (Eds.). Manuale di psicologia giuridica (pp. 17–30). Milano: Led.
Quadrio A. & De Leo G. (1995) (Eds.). Manuale di psicologia giuridica. Milan: Led.
Di Blasio P. (1995). Interazioni tra psicologia e giustizia nelle problematiche del maltrattamento ai minori. In A. Quadrio & G. De Leo (Eds.). Manuale di psicologia giuridica (pp. 425–441). Milano: Led.
Fornari U. (2004, 3rd ed.). Trattato di psichiatria forense. Turin: UTET.
Mazzoni G. (2003). Si può credere a un testimone?. Bologna: Il Mulino Contemporanea.
Ost J., Foster S., Costall A., & Bull R. (2005). False reports of childhood events in appropriate interviews. Memory, 13, 700–710.
Partlett D.F. & Nurcombe B. (1998). Recovered memories of child sexual abuse and liability: Society, science, and the law in a comparative setting. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4(4), 1253–1306.
Poole D.A. & Lindsay S.D. (2002). Reducing child witnesses' false reports of misinformation from parents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81, 117–140.
People in health professions from Turin
1939 births
Living people
University of Turin faculty
University of Cagliari faculty
Italian psychologists
Jurists from Turin
20th-century Italian lawyers
21st-century Italian lawyers |
23574380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step-Soci | Step-Soci | Step-Soci is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Budăi and Step-Soci.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
20467291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum%20deficiency | Molybdenum deficiency | Molybdenum deficiency refers to the clinical consequences of inadequate supplies of molybdenum in the diet.
The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually does not occur in natural settings. However, it can occur in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition.
Signs and symptoms
Descriptions of human molybdenum deficiency are few. A patient receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition acquired a syndrome described as ‘acquired molybdenum deficiency.’ This syndrome, exacerbated by methionine administration, was characterized by high blood methionine, low blood uric acid, and low urinary uric acid and sulfate concentrations. The patient suffered mental disturbances that progressed to a coma. Pathological changes occurring in individuals with a genetic disease that results in a sulfite oxidase (a molybdoenzyme) deficiency include increased plasma and urine sulfite, sulfate, thiosulfate, S-sulfocysteine and taurine; seizures, and brain atrophy/lesions; dislocated lenses; and death at an early age..
Diagnosis
Treatment
300 mcg Ammonium Molybdate per day can bring about recovery of “acquired molybdenum deficiency” [3]
See also
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
References
Further reading
External links
Mineral deficiencies
Deficiency |
23574402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Tomb | White Tomb | White Tomb is the debut album by Irish ambient black metal band Altar of Plagues. It was recorded at Data Studios, Kerry.
Track listing
Personnel
Altar of Plagues
James Kelly – vocals, guitars, keyboards
Jeremiah Spillane – guitars
Dave Condon – bass, vocals
S. MacAnri – drums
Guest musicians
Stephen Lordan - guest vocals on "Gentian Truth"
Nathan Misterek - guest vocals on "Earth: As a Furnace" and "Gentian Truth"
Production and recording
Ross O'Donovan - recording and mixing
Jason Carroll - assistant engineering
Colin Marston - mastering
References
2009 albums
Altar of Plagues albums
Profound Lore Records albums |
23574413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusume%20Rumal | Kusume Rumal | Kusume Rumal (; ) is a 1985 Nepali romantic film written and directed by Tulsi Ghimire. It was produced by Sumitra Paudel under the banner of Sayapatri Films. The film featured Bhuwan K.C, Tripti Nadakar, Udit Narayan and Neer Shah in lead roles. This was the first film in which singer Udit Narayan acted. It is one of the most loved films in Nepal and was the first Nepali film to celebrate silver jubilee.
The film received critical acclaim for its story, portrayal of class discrimination, performance of the cast, especially Bhuwan K.C., and the chartbuster music. The movie was a big commercial success and went on to become the highest grossing Nepali film of all time, a record it held for 16 years until it was broken by another Tulsi Ghimire film, Darpan Chaya. The film's songs with music by Ranjit Gazmer were all huge hits and are remembered till today. The film's music album is considered one of the best music albums ever made. In 2009, the son of the producer of this film directed Kusume Rumal 2, which was the story of the second generation of the original cast. Both Tripti Nadakar and Neer Shah acted in minor roles as an ode to the original film.
Storyline
The film is a triangular love story about Amar (Udit Narayan) and Suniti (Tripti Nadakar) who are collegemates and lovers. When she returns to her hometown, she spends some time with Arjun (Bhuwan K.C.) who works at her house; without her knowledge; he falls for her. The rest of the story is about the conclusion of this love story when another classmate of Suniti's college forcibly tries to marry her.
Cast
Udit Narayan as Amar
Tripti Nadakar as Suniti
Bhuwan K.C. as Arjun
Neer Shah
Biswa Hingmang as Jetay
Box office
Kusume Rumal was a huge box office success becoming the highest-grossing movie of the time until another Tulsi Ghimire film Darpan Chaya broke its record in 2001. The movie was the first Nepali movie to spend 25 weeks in the box office top ten list and the first actual blockbuster.
Soundtrack
References
External links
1985 films
Nepalese romantic drama films
Nepali-language films
1985 romantic drama films
Films shot in Kathmandu
Films directed by Tulsi Ghimire
Films scored by Ranjit Gazmer |
20467301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOSCO%20II%20process | TOSCO II process | The TOSCO II process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction, which uses fine particles of oil shale that are heated in a rotating kiln. The particularity of this process is that it use hot ceramic balls for the heat transfer between the retort and a heater. The process was tested in a 40 tonnes per hour test facility near Parachute, Colorado.
History
TOSCO II process is a refinement of the Swedish Aspeco process. The Tosco Corporation purchased its patent rights in 1952. In 1956, the Denver Research Institute performed research and development of this technology, including testing of a 24 ton per day pilot plant, which operated until 1966. Later the technology development was continued under Tosco's own directions. In 1964 Tosco, Standard Oil of Ohio, and Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company formed Colony Development, a joint venture company to develop the Colony Shale Oil Project and to commercialize the TOSCO II technology. The project was ended in April 1972.
Technology
The TOSCO II process is classified as a hot recycled solids technology. It employs a horizontal rotating kiln-type retort. In this process, oil shale is crushed smaller than and enters the system through pneumatic lift pipes in which oil shale is elevated by hot gas streams and preheated to about . After entering into retort, oil shale is mixed with hot ceramic balls with temperature from to . This increase the oil shale temperature to between and , in which pyrolysis occurs. In the pyrolysis process, kerogen decomposes to oil shale gas and oil vapors, while the remainder of the oil shale forms spent shale. Vapors are transferred to a condensor (fractionator) for separation into various fractions. At the kiln passage, the spent shale and the ceramic balls are separated in a perforated rotating separation drum (trommel). The crushed spent shale falls through holes in the trommel, while ceramic balls are transferred to the ball heater. Combustible shale gas is burned in the ball heater to reheat the ceramic balls.
The overall thermal efficiency of TOSCO II process is low because the energy of spent shale is not recovered and much of the produced shale gas is consumed by the process itself. The efficiency could be increased by burning char (carbonaceous residue in the spent shale) instead of shale gas as a fuel of the ball heater. The process' other disadvantages are mechanical complexity and large number of moving parts. Also the lifetime of ceramic balls is limited. Disposal of spent shale includes environmental problems because it is very finely crushed and contains carbon residue.
See also
Alberta Taciuk Process
Kiviter process
Petrosix process
Galoter process
Fushun process
Paraho process
Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
References
Oil shale technology |
20467313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riker%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | Riker Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | Riker Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body. Known as South Hall for the first five decades of existence, it was named for Harold C. Riker in 2000.
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
School buildings completed in 1950
Residential buildings completed in 1950
1950 establishments in Florida |
6900527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Jane | Bob Jane | Robert Frederick Jane (18 December 1929 – 28 September 2018) was an Australian race car driver and prominent entrepreneur and business tycoon. A four-time winner of the Armstrong 500, the race that became the prestigious Bathurst 1000 and a four-time Australian Touring Car Champion, Jane was well known for his chain of tyre retailers, Bob Jane T-Marts. Jane was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2000.
Early life
Bob Jane grew up in Brunswick, an inner-city suburb of Melbourne. His passion for racing began in the early 1950s as a champion bicycle rider, holding many state records before turning to four wheels. In the later 1950s, he started Bob Jane Autoland, a company that distributed parts for Jaguar and Alfa Romeo. Through this venture, a love of cars and motor sport blossomed and he first entered competitive racing in Australia in 1956; by 1960, he was racing with some of Australia's top sedan drivers.
Racing career
In 1961, Jane and co-driver Harry Firth won the Armstrong 500 at Phillip Island, Victoria, driving a Mercedes-Benz 220SE. Jane and Firth, driving a Ford Falcon XL, won the race again the following year, the last before the event moved to Mount Panorama at Bathurst, New South Wales, retaining the Armstrong 500 name. Jane, driving for the Ford works team, won a further two Armstrong 500s at the new venue, the first with Firth in 1963 and the second in 1964 with George Reynolds as co-driver. Despite the change of venue, Jane is officially credited with winning Australia's most famous endurance race four times in a row, something no other driver, not even nine-time race winner Peter Brock, has ever done.
Jane won the Australian Touring Car Championship (now known as the V8 Supercars Championship) in 1962, 1963, 1971 and 1972. His 1971 ATCC win was in a Chevrolet Camaro ZL-1 with a 427 cubic inch engine. Jane was forced by a rule change to replace the 427 engine with a 350 cubic inch engine for the 1972 championship but the Camaro still managed to beat the opposition, which included Allan Moffat's Ford Boss 302 Mustang, Ian Geoghegan's Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III, and Norm Beechey's Holden HT Monaro GTS350. Of the 38 races he started in the ATCC, he finished on the podium 21 times.
Jane also won the 1963 Australian GT Championship at the wheel of a Jaguar E-type, and the Marlboro Sports Sedan Series, in both 1974 and 1975, at his own Calder Park Raceway driving a Holden Monaro GTS 350 (at times he also drove his Repco V8 powered Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1 which was mostly driven by John Harvey).
Jane retired from competitive motor racing at the end of 1981 due to sciatica. At the time of his retirement he had been driving a 6.0 litre Chevrolet Monza in the Australian Sports Sedan Championship. After giving up driving, Jane asked touring car star Peter Brock to drive the Monza in the re-formed Australian GT Championship. Brock raced the car in 1982 and 1983 before Jane sold the car in early 1984 to Re-Car owner Allan Browne.
Bob Jane T-Marts
In 1965, Jane opened the first Bob Jane T-Marts store in Melbourne. The company remains an independent, family-owned business to this day; Bob's son, Rodney Jane, is the current CEO. In 2011, 81-year-old Jane resigned as chairman of T-Marts citing difficulties in the relationship with his son Rodney.
From 1984 To 1997 Bob Jane formed a cross shareholding partnership with Ian Diffen. Bob Jane operated in Queensland and Ian Richard Diffen operated Ian Diffen's World of Tyres and Mufflers in Western Australia.
From 2002 to 2004, Bob Jane T-Marts held the naming rights sponsorship for the Bathurst 1000, the race Jane dominated early in his career. The company also held the naming rights to the former Bob Jane Stadium, home of South Melbourne FC.
Bob Jane T-Marts is the only major tyre retailer in Australia who do not sell retread tyres. Jane's personal reason for this is that his second eldest daughter Georgina had died in a car accident in 1991 due to a retreaded tyre blowing out.
Having lost control of Bob Jane T-Marts, Jane attempted to create a new tyre business using his name. It was blocked by son Rodney in court which also ruled Jane pay legal costs. In May 2015, his Diggers Rest farm was seized by the state sheriff in order to settle the outstanding costs.
Contributions to Australian motorsport
Australian Grand Prix
From 1980 to 1984, the Australian Grand Prix was held at his Calder Park Raceway in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, Jane taking over the promoting and staging of the Grand Prix in the hope of Calder Park being granted a round of the Formula One World Championship (an ambitious plan at best as Calder was a 1.6 km long circuit which the faster cars lapped in less than 40 seconds). The 1980 Grand Prix was open to Formula 5000, Formula Pacific and Formula One cars and was won by Australia's 1980 Formula One World Champion Alan Jones driving his World Championship winning Williams FW07B-Ford. Second home was fellow F1 driver Bruno Giacomelli driving his Alfa Romeo 179, with Ligier F1 driver Didier Pironi finishing 3rd, driving an Elfin MR8 Formula 5000 for leading Australian team Ansett Team Elfin.
From 1981 until 1984 the races were run under Formula Mondial regulations and Jane succeeded in attracting many of the best Formula One drivers of the era. Each race from 1981 to 1984 was won by those driving the popular Ralt RT4-Ford.
The 1981 Australian Grand Prix was won by future F1 driver Roberto Moreno from Brazil. Finishing second, also in an RT4 was 1981 World Champion Nelson Piquet (Brazil) with Australian Geoff Brabham finishing 3rd in his RT4. Alan Jones and Ligier's Jacques Laffite also participated in the race, though both failed to finish. The 1981 race was the first time since 1968 that the AGP had two or more, current or past World Champions, on the starting grid. On that occasion, Jim Clark (1st), Graham Hill (3rd), Denny Hulme (9th), and Australia's own triple World Champion Jack Brabham (DNF) participated as the race was part of the popular off-season Tasman Series.
For the 1982 Australian Grand Prix, Jane again attracted F1 drivers in Piquet, Laffite, the then retired Jones, plus future Formula One World Champion Alain Prost. Frenchman Prost won the 100 lap race from Laffite and 1981 winner Roberto Moreno. When Prost later won his second AGP in Adelaide in 1986 to win his second of four Formula One World Championships, he became the only driver to ever win the Australian Grand Prix in both World Championship and non-championship formats.
The 1983 race, while only attracting one current F1 driver in Jacques Laffite, as well as Alan Jones, who had made an abortive F1 comeback earlier in the year, did attract 24 entries (mostly the Ford powered RT4), including former winner Moreno, Geoff Brabham and future F1 driver Allen Berg. Moreno won his second AGP from local drivers John Smith and Laffite. Geoff Brabham finished 4th with Jones in 5th and Charlie O'Brien. Reigning Australian Drivers' Champion Alfredo Costanzo led the race early in his Tiga FA81 before suffering a differential failure on lap 25. Moreno would later claim that had 'Alfie' not retired then he would likely have won as he didn't believe he would have caught the Australian. The 1983 race was the last time the Grand Prix was included as a round of the Australian Drivers' Championship.
During 1984 it was announced that from 1985, the Australian Grand Prix would be held on the Streets of Adelaide and would be the 16th and final round of the 1985 Formula One season, giving the Grand Prix "World Championship" status for the first time in its history. Despite this, Jane was still able to successfully attract current Formula One drivers to participate in the 1984 Australian Grand Prix. Headlining the 'imports' was three time (including 1984) World Champion Niki Lauda, and 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg. Joining them were 1984 Ligier drivers Andrea de Cesaris and François Hesnault and 1981 and 1983 AGP winner Roberto Moreno to face off against local stars Costanzo and 1984 Gold Star champion John Bowe. Moreno would win his 3rd AGP in 4 years from Rosberg, who fought back from a bad start and a collision another car, with de Cesaris putting in the drive of the race to finish 3rd after starting early from the pit lane and being almost half a lap down when he took the green flag.
NASCAR
Jane is credited with bringing stock car racing to Australia. Long resistant to oval racing (seeing it as dull and monotonous when compared to circuit racing, although speedway (Dirt track racing), held on smaller ¼ or ⅓ mile oval tracks, has been popular in Australia since the 1920s), Australian motorsport fans finally had their own NASCAR-style high banked superspeedway when Jane spent A$54 million building the Thunderdome on the grounds of Calder Park Raceway. The 1.801 km (1.119 mi) Thunderdome, with 24° banking in the turns, was built as a quad-oval with Jane modelling the track on the famous Charlotte Motor Speedway.
Opened on 3 August 1987, the Thunderdome played host to the first ever NASCAR event held outside North America on 28 February 1988 with the Goodyear NASCAR 500. Several prominent drivers from the United States came to Australia for this race including Alabama Gang members Bobby Allison and Neil Bonnett, along with Kyle Petty, Michael Waltrip, Dave Marcis, and others from the Winston West Series. Bonnett, who had won the Winston Cup's Pontiac Excitement 400 at the Richmond International Raceway the previous weekend, and Allison, who had won the 1988 Daytona 500 just one week prior to that, dominated the race, swapping the lead several times on a hot summer afternoon in which cabin temperatures were reported to reach over 57° Celsius (135° Fahrenheit). Bonnett won the 280 lap race from Allison with Dave Marcis finishing 3rd.
The race was marred by an early multi-car crash in turns 3 and 4 involving 8 cars including the Ford Thunderbird of local touring car champion Dick Johnson, and the Oldsmobile of Allan Grice who, after running out of brakes, couldn't slow down coming off the back straight and ran into the wreck at speed. Grice, whose car was a write-off, suffered a broken collarbone and was taken to hospital for x-rays.
Jane also owned the Adelaide International Raceway which features the only other paved NASCAR type oval in Australia with its half mile Speedway Super Bowl, which, unlike the Thunderdome, is a permanent part of the road circuit.
In 1992, Jane and Sydney based speedway promoter and Channel 7 television commentator Mike Raymond also announced plans to turn the old half mile harness racing track that surrounded the Parramatta Speedway in Sydney into a paved oval for NASCAR and the Australian AUSCAR category, giving Australia a third paved oval speedway. However, the project never got past the planning stage.
Personal life
On 23 February 2007, Jane was granted a 12-month intervention order against his estranged wife, Laree Jane (born 1967). At the time, she was 39 and they had been married for 20 years. He accused her of threatening to shoot him and threatening him with a kitchen knife. In a Victorian County Court, on 22 January 2009, a jury found Laree Jane not guilty of five charges, including assault, related to the domestic dispute.
Jane met Laree when he performed Grand Marshal duties for the 1986 James Hardie 1000 at Bathurst.
Jane declared bankruptcy on 8 July 2016.
On 28 September 2018, Jane died from prostate cancer, 21 years after his diagnosis. He was 88.
Career results
Complete Australian Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Phillip Island/Bathurst 500/1000 results
References
Businesspeople from Melbourne
1929 births
2018 deaths
Bathurst 1000 winners
Tasman Series drivers
Australian Touring Car Championship drivers
Racing drivers from Melbourne
Tire industry people
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia) |
20467330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elma%20Dienda | Elma Dienda | Elma Jane Dienda (born 16 November 1964 in Upington, Northern Cape, South Africa) is a Namibian politician and teacher. Currently a member Democratic Turnhalle Alliance which she joined four years after her resignation from the CoD, Dienda was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from taking CoD's final spot in 2004 until CoD did not receive enough votes for her re-election in 2009. She is of South African and Malawian descent.
Career
Dienda is a teacher by profession, having earned an education diploma at the Windhoek College of Education and worked at Eldorado High School in Khomasdal. She also has a paralegal diploma from the Legal Assistance Centre. She received training as a counselor at Catholic AIDS Action.
Political positions
Dienda joined the Congress of Democrats in 1999, the year of its foundation. She also held the position of the secretary of the Women Democrats Party. In 2007, she opposed the election of Ben Ulenga as party president.
Dienda led a drive in the National Assembly which called for the distribution of condoms to prison inmates as a means of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dienda and other opposition politicians were shouted down, with Utoni Nujoma and Petrus Iilonga vocally opposing the idea. Several SWAPO members denied that sexual activities ever occurred in prisons.
The PDM legislator said she does not support husbands and wives claiming rape in marriage. Dienda was responding to a point raised by the minister of home affairs, immigration, safety and security Albert Kawana, who asked whether there would be a conviction if boyfriends and girlfriends, or husbands and wives, claim rape when there is no semen and bodily fluids as part of the court evidence, during a pariament session in April 2022.
References
1964 births
Living people
People from Upington
Congress of Democrats politicians
Members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Namibian people of Malawian descent
Namibian people of South African descent
21st-century Namibian women politicians
21st-century Namibian politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Windhoek College of Education alumni |
20467347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | North Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | North Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body.
See also
University of Florida
Buildings at the University of Florida
University of Florida student housing
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
University and college buildings completed in 1950
Residential buildings completed in 1950
1950 establishments in Florida |
20467348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Tajti | József Tajti | József Tajti (Jászapáti, 8 October 1943) is a Hungarian footballer, currently coaches Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC.
References
Ki kicsoda a magyar sportéletben? [Who's Who in the Hungarian Sports Life?], Volume 3 (S–Z). Szekszárd, Babits Kiadó, 1995, p 85,
1943 births
Living people
People from Jászapáti
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian football managers
Association football defenders
Budapest Honvéd FC players
Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
Fehérvár FC managers
Nemzeti Bajnokság I managers
Sportspeople from Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County |
20467366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28It%27s%20Gonna%20Be%20a%29%20Lonely%20Christmas | (It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas | "(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas" is a Christmas song recorded by The Orioles in 1948. It was their second hit (following "It's Too Soon to Know"), reaching position #8 on Billboard’s Juke Box charts in December 1948, and #5 the following Christmas.
References
American Christmas songs
Songs about loneliness
1948 songs |
6900536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20from%20a%20Perfect%20Place | Ghost from a Perfect Place | Ghost from a Perfect Place is a two act play by Philip Ridley. It was Ridley's third stage play and premiered at the Hampstead Theatre, London on 7 April 1994. The part of Travis Flood was played by the veteran, classical actor John Wood, for which he received general acclaim and was nominated for 'Best Actor' at the 1994 Evening Standard Drama Awards. The production was the third collaboration between Ridley and director Matthew Lloyd, who had directed all of Ridley's previous stage plays and would go on to direct Ridley's next play for adults Vincent River in 2000.
The play is the third and final instalment in Ridley's unofficially titled "East End Gothic Trilogy", having been preceded by The Pitchfork Disney and The Fastest Clock In The Universe.
The play caused a great deal of controversy at its premiere due to a scene where an old East London gangster, played by Wood, is tortured by a gang of girls. The theatre critic of The Guardian, Michael Billington, described the play as "degrading and quasi-pornographic." As with most of Ridley's work, however, the critical response was deeply divided, with Sheridan Morley describing it as "a masterpiece" and John Peter, of The Sunday Times, declaring, "Ridley's work is an acquired taste and it looks like I'm getting it."
The play along with Ridley's The Pitchfork Disney and The Fastest Clock In The Universe grew in reputation years after their initial productions for being seminal works in the development of in-yer-face theatre. The terminology for this theatrical sensibility and style was popularised by Aleks Sierz in his 2001 book In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today, which also features a section that analyses Ghost from a Perfect Place and its initial reception. Sierz has also cited the play as one of the first to be indirectly called "in-yer-face" by a critic, with Paul Taylor in his review for The Independent describing the girl gang in the play as "the in-yer-face castrating trio".
Characters
Torchie Sparks – Seventy six years old, her leg has been severely damaged for many years as result of a fire which burnt through her flat. She has had to endure many tragic events in her life but maintains a sense of humour about her misfortune. She is very nostalgic towards life in London's East-End during the 1960s which she refers to as “the heydays”.
Travis Flood – Seventy eight years of age. Travis was once a feared gang leader who lived and operated in Bethnal Green during the 1960s. He has been away from London for 25 years but has decided to return to the East-End.
Rio Sparks – Aged twenty-five, she is a prostitute and leader of a girl-gang called ‘The Disciples’. She lives with her grandmother Torchie.
Miss Sulphur - Aged seventeen, she is a member of ‘The Disciples’. She often tries to keep the peace between members of the gang.
Miss Kerosene - Aged twelve, she is the most hot-headed and violent of the three Disciples.
Notable Productions
World Premiere
7 April 1994 at Hampstead Theatre, London.Directed by Matthew Llyod.
Torchie Sparks - Bridget Turner
Travis Flood - John Wood
Rio Sparks - Trevyn McDowell
Miss Sulphur - Rachel Power
Miss Kerosene - Katie Tyrrell
1998 revival (Bolton)
At The Bolton octagon, Greater Manchester.Directed by Lawrence Till.
Torchie Sparks - Ann Rye
Travis Flood - Christopher Wilkinson
Rio Sparks - Stephanie Buttle
Miss Sulphur -
Miss Kerosene -
1999 London revival
19 May 1999 at White Bear Theatre, London.Directed Michael Kingsbury.
Travis Flood - John Aston
Torchie Sparks - Joy Graham
Performer - Sharon Gavin
Performer - Lauretta Gavin
Performer - Mika Simmons
2014 London Revival
11 September 2014 at the Arcola Theatre, London.Directed by Russell Bolam.
Torchie Sparks - Sheila Reid
Travis Flood - Michael Feast
Rio Sparks - Florence Hall
Miss Sulphur - Scarlett Brookes
Miss Kerosene - Rachel Redford
Further reading
Urban, Ken (2007). Ghosts from an Imperfect Place: Philip Ridley's Nostalgia
Allison, Natalie and Sarah Stribley Productions (2014). Ghost from a Perfect Place: Practical Resources Pack.
References
Plays by Philip Ridley
1994 plays
Plays set in London |
20467374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II.
Plot
The film opens in a Christchurch courtroom, where testimony prompts Barbara Leslie to flashback to the events that led to the trial. She and her sisters Anne, Evelyn, and Delia live in Christchurch, where most of the male residents, including their brother Kit and Barbara's new husband Mark, are preparing to leave for World War II duty. Delia announces her engagement to Phil "Shiner" Friskett, who is one of the city's few remaining bachelors, but word of Kit's death dampens the celebration. Repressed and judgmental spinster sister Anne disapproves of the upcoming nuptials, but Barbara defends Delia's decision.
Within weeks of the marriage, the sisters come to resent Shiner's abuse and are happy to see him leave for active duty. Delia moves to Wellington to work for the New Zealand Navy. When several hundred U.S. Marines are shipped to Christchurch following the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the lonely local women are flattered by the attention they pay them. When Evelyn invites Capt. Richard "Dick" Bates to dinner, he declines the offer, but not without attracting Anne's eye.
Concerned about Delia, Anne sends Barbara to Wellington, where she discovers her sister is registered at the St. George Hotel under her maiden name. Shiner is now a prisoner of war, and Delia has become involved with an American lieutenant named Andy. She plans to divorce Shiner and emigrate to the United States. Andy introduces Barbara to his friend Jack Harding, a Marine reviewing the backgrounds of prospective New Zealand brides of American soldiers. Although Barbara intends to remain faithful to her husband, she finds herself attracted to Jack.
Back in Christchurch, Anne is outraged by the lewd comments made by American servicemen in the lingerie shop where she works and writes a letter of complaint to the local paper. Following its publication, Dick is sent to the Leslie home to deliver a formal apology on behalf of the Marine Corps. Anne invites him to dinner, and Dick arrives with a gift of perfume for each sister. Anne accuses him of trying to seduce them.
Soon after, Barbara and Anne learn of Mark's death in North Africa and Dick's departure for active duty. He eventually returns to New Zealand to recuperate from an injury, and a romance between him and Anne blossoms. He proposes, but before the required marital investigation can take place, he is given offshore duty, leaving Anne expecting their child and unsure of what the future holds for them.
Jack arrives at the Leslie home to conduct his investigation of Anne, and he advises her that wartime romances stem from loneliness rather than love. Barbara tells him his assessment is heartless. Shortly after, she discovers Dick's name on the latest casualty list. Weeks later, Jack runs into Barbara at a local dance, where she suggests he uses alcohol to avoid intimacy. He breaks down in her arms, and a strong friendship between the two blossoms.
Jack celebrates Christmas Eve with the Leslie family, which now includes Anne's newborn son. When he announces his imminent departure, he and Barbara share an amorous embrace. Months later, Evelyn's sweetheart Tommy returns from war and proposes to her. Barbara sees an item from Richard's mother in the personals section of the newspaper, containing a request from Dick's mother to hear from any New Zealand family who knew her son. After Barbara writes to her, Dick's mother sends money to finance Anne and her baby's move to Oklahoma to live with their family.
The day of Anne's departure coincides with the Japanese announcing the end of hostilities. Delia has arrived in Wellington to see Anne off and to ask Shiner, recently rescued from a P.O.W. camp, for a divorce so she can leave for America with her latest lover. Infuriated, Shiner kills his wife with a Japanese sword he brought back from the war.
Weeks later, during the murder trial, Jack is forced to reveal his investigation report detailing Delia's seven affairs with American soldiers. Upset that her sister's infidelities seemingly have justified her savage murder, Barbara refuses Jack's invitation to leave New Zealand with him. Upon reflection, she packs her belongings and arrives at Jack's hotel to tell him she's ready to embark upon a new life with him.
Cast
Jean Simmons as Barbara Leslie Forbes
Joan Fontaine as Anne Leslie
Paul Newman as Capt. Jack Harding
Piper Laurie as Delia Leslie Friskett
Charles Drake as Capt. Richard Bates
Sandra Dee as Evelyn Leslie
Wally Cassell as Phil Friskett
Alan Napier as Prosecution Attorney
Ralph Votrian as Max Murphy
John Wilder as Tommy
Tige Andrews as US Marine #1 (store customer)
Adam Kennedy as Lt. Andy
Mickey Shaughnessy as US Marine #2 (store customer)
Music
The score for the film was composed and conducted by David Raksin. The title song included lyrics by Sammy Cahn and was performed under the main titles by vocalist Eydie Gorme.
The complete score was issued on CD in 2009, on Film Score Monthly records.
Production
Robert Wise and Mark Robson had originally purchased the rights for Michener's story when they were at RKO. Casting problems forced them to delay the filming when the rights went to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions who were going to cast Burt Lancaster. When the company made The Kentuckian instead, MGM acquired the rights, first intending their contract lead Glenn Ford playing the lead Marine. Robert Wise then reacquired the film through MGM in his last film of his contract with the studio.
Wise visited New Zealand to familiarise himself with the nation and the people, but filmed the movie on the MGM back lot.
He had originally intended to shoot the film in colour.
It was Sandra Dee's first film. (The 1957 Soviet animated feature The Snow Queen is often listed as Dee's first film credit, because she and other Hollywood stars did the voices for the English-language version, but that English-language audio was not actually made until 1959.)
Stewart Granger was once announced for the lead.
Box office
According to MGM records the film earned $745,000 in the US and Canada and $675,000 elsewhere, resulting in a loss of $1,055,000.
Critical reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times observed, "The genuine tugs at the heart are few and far between in this bittersweet but basically restrained chronicle. Robert Anderson's adaptation . . . is honest and straightforward . . . Unfortunately there is a good deal of introspective soul-searching before this narrative arrives at its sad and happy endings."
William K. Zinsser of the New York Herald Tribune wrote that the film "has moments of genuine tenderness and truth."
See also
List of American films of 1957
List of films set in New Zealand
References
External links
1957 films
World War II films
Films set in New Zealand
1950s English-language films
American black-and-white films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films about the United States Marine Corps
1957 drama films
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Robert Wise
Films scored by David Raksin
Films based on works by James A. Michener
Films set on the home front during World War II
Christchurch in fiction |
20467381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overchoice | Overchoice | Overchoice or choice overload is a cognitive impairment in which people have a difficult time making a decision when faced with many options. The term was first introduced by Alvin Toffler in his 1970 book, Future Shock. This phenomenon in particular has come under some criticism due to increased scrutiny of scientific research related to the replication crisis and has not been adequately reproduced by subsequent research, thereby calling into question its validity.
Psychological process
The phenomenon of overchoice occurs when many equivalent choices are available. Making a decision becomes overwhelming due to the many potential outcomes and risks that may result from making the wrong choice. Having too many approximately equally good options is mentally draining because each option must be weighed against alternatives to select the best one. The satisfaction of choices by number of options available can be described by an inverted "U" model. In this model, having no choice results in very low satisfaction. Initially more choices lead to more satisfaction, but as the number of choices increases it then peaks and people tend to feel more pressure, confusion, and potentially dissatisfaction with their choice. Although larger choice sets can be initially appealing, smaller choice sets lead to increased satisfaction and reduced regret. Another component of overchoice is the perception of time. Extensive choice sets can seem even more difficult with a limited time constraint.
Examples of overchoice include increased college options, career options, and prospective romantic relationships. Many of these increased options can be attributed to modern technology. In today's society we have easy access to more information, products and opportunities.
Preconditions
Choice overload is not a problem in all cases, there are some preconditions that must be met before the effect can take place. First, people making the choice must not have a clear prior preference for an item type or category. When the choice-maker has a preference, the number of options has little impact on the final decision and satisfaction. Second, there must not be a clearly dominant option in the choice set, meaning that all options must be perceived of equivalent quality. One option cannot stand out as being better from the rest. The presence of a superior option and many less desirable options will result in a more satisfied decision. Third, there is a negative relationship between choice assortment (quantity) and satisfaction only in people less familiar with the choice set. This means that if the person making a choice has expertise in the subject matter, they can more easily sort through the options and not be overwhelmed by the variety.
Psychological implications
Decision-makers in large choice situations enjoy the decision process more than those with smaller choice sets, but feel more responsible for their decisions. Despite this, more choices result with more dissatisfaction and regret in decisions. The feeling of responsibility causes cognitive dissonance when presented with large array situations. In this situation, cognitive dissonance results when there is a mental difference between the choice made and the choice that should have been made. More choices lead to more cognitive dissonance because it increases the chance that the decision-maker made the wrong decision. These large array situations cause the chooser to feel both enjoyment as well as feel overwhelmed with their choices. These opposing emotions contribute to cognitive dissonance, and causes the chooser to feel less motivated to make a decision. This also disables them from using psychological processes to enhance the attractiveness of their own choices.
The amount of time allotted to make a decision also has an effect on an individual's perception of their choice. Larger choice sets with a small amount of time results in more regret with the decision. When more time is provided, the process of choosing is more enjoyable in large array situations and results in less regret after the decision has been made.
Reversal when choosing for others
Choice overload is reversed when people choose for another person. Polman has found that overload is context dependent: choosing from many alternatives by itself is not demotivating.
Polman found that it is not always a case of whether choices differ for the self and others at risk, but rather “according to a selective focus on positive and negative information."
Evidence shows there is a different regulatory focus for others compared to the self in decision-making. Therefore, there may be substantial implications for a variety of psychological processes in relation to self-other decision-making.
Among personal decision-makers, a prevention focus is activated and people are more satisfied with their choices after choosing among few options compared to many options, i.e. choice overload. However, individuals experience a reverse choice overload effect when acting as proxy decision-makers.
In an economic setting
The psychological phenomenon of overchoice can most often be seen in economic applications. There are limitless products currently on the market. Having more choices, such as a vast amount of goods and services available, appears to be appealing initially, but too many choices can make decisions more difficult. According to Miller (1956), a consumer can only process seven items at a time. After that the consumer would have to create a coping strategy to make an informed decision. This can lead to consumers being indecisive, unhappy, and even refrain from making the choice (purchase) at all. Alvin Toffler noted that as the choice turns to overchoice, "freedom of more choices" becomes the opposite—the "unfreedom". Often, a customer makes a decision without sufficiently researching his choices, which may often require days. When confronted with too many choices especially under a time constraint, many people prefer to make no choice at all, even if making a choice would lead to a better outcome.
The existence of over choice, both perceived and real, is supported by studies as early as the mid-1970s. Numbers of various brands, from soaps to cars, have been steadily rising for over half a century. In just one example—different brands of soap and detergents—the numbers of choices offered by an average US supermarket went from 65 in 1950, through 200 in 1963, to over 360 in 2004. The more choices tend to increase the time it requires to make a decision.
Variety and complexity
There are two steps involved in making a choice to purchase. First, the consumer selects an assortment. Second, the consumer chooses an option within the assortment. Variety and complexity vary in their importance in carrying out these steps successfully, resulting in the consumer deciding to make a purchase.
Variety is the positive aspect of assortment. When selecting an assortment during the perception stage, the first stage of deciding, consumers want more variety.
Complexity is the negative aspect of assortment. Complexity is important for the second step in making a choice—when a consumer needs to choose an option from an assortment. When making a choice for an individual item within an assortment, too much variety increases complexity. This can cause a consumer to delay or opt out of making a decision.
Images are processed as a whole when making a purchasing decision. This means they require less mental effort to be processed which gives the consumer a sense that the information is being processed faster. Consumers prefer this visual shortcut to processing, termed "visual heuristic" by Townsend, no matter how big the choice set size. Images increase our perceived variety of options. As previously stated, variety is good when making the first step of choosing an assortment. On the other hand, verbal descriptions are processed in a way that the words that make up a sentence are perceived individually. That is, our minds string words along to develop our understanding. In larger choice sets where there is more variety, perceived complexity decreases when verbal descriptions are used.
See also
Analysis paralysis
Buyer's remorse
Choice architecture
Information overload
Market cannibalism
Satisficing
The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less, a 2004 book by Barry Schwartz
Tyranny of small decisions
References
Further reading
Schwartz, Barry (2004). "Choice overload burdens daily life". USA Today.
Sociological terminology
Cognitive psychology
Consumer behaviour
Decision theory |
6900555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20River%20%28play%29 | Vincent River (play) | Vincent River is a one act stage play by Philip Ridley. It was Ridley's fourth stage play for adults and premiered at the Hampstead Theatre, London on 6 September 2000. The production was the last major collaboration between Ridley and director Mathew Lloyd, who had previously directed the majority of Ridley's other theatrical works.
It is believed that the play in part draws from Ridley's unpublished radio play October Scars the Skin which was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 16 January 1989. The story like Vincent River involved a mother of a murdered homosexual who befriends his son's lover and also featured a character called Vincent.
Plot
The story plays out in realtime and is set in a rundown flat in Dagenham.
There a woman called Anita is moving in following the death of Vincent, her son who was killed in a homophobic attack which resulted in her discovering that he was a homosexual in the aftermath of his murder.
In the play we see her interact with Davey, a boy who claims to have been the first to find Vincent's corpse and who wants to know as much as he can about Vincent from Anita.
Notable Stage Productions
On Film
In 2005 Marianne Epin and Cyrille Thouvenin starred in the play at the Théâtre du Marais in Paris, which was also filmed and released as a television movie. It is available on region 2 DVD.
The play has been compared to the 2014 film, Lilting, starring Ben Whishaw, Cheng Pei Pei and Andrew Leung and written and directed by Hong Khaou. The story similar to the play is about a man who approaches the mother of his deceased gay lover to try and connect and understand their loss.
References
Further reading
External links
Interview from 2010 with Philip Ridley for Time Out London about Vincent River and homophobic violence in London
2000 plays
Plays by Philip Ridley
One-act plays
Two-handers
LGBT-related plays
Plays set in London |
20467404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensor%20minor | Defensor minor | The Defensor minor is a work by Marsilius of Padua written around 1342. The Defensor minor is a restatement and defense of Marsilius's best known work, the Defensor pacis.
The text discusses civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, the confession, penance, indulgences, the Crusades, pilgrimages, plenitudo potestatis, legislative power, the origin of the sovereignty, wedding, and divorce.
Civil jurisdiction
With regard to jurisdiction, Marsilius distinguishes between divine and human laws, the first event which is independent of any human will and on the conduct of man in view of the afterlife, the second which determines the will of the people, endowed with coercive power and not modifiable by any clergyman.
This applies also to the Pope that even with his decrees may waive the law, manifestation of the people's sovereignty. While the beneficiaries of the two laws are identical, its object and purpose are different. The one seeks the good of the soul and the other cares for earthly well-being, with the result that the church is denied the power to make laws, even in the persistent silence of human legislation. The same applies to amendments and changes, which should remain solely with the people. The only thing that is relevant to the clergy is the non-legal rules that affect morality and resolve themselves into simple counsels and take effect with counsellors.
The clergy
The task and the main function of the clergy is to teach the sacred texts and preparing souls for the afterlife. The Church has repeatedly stated that for the sinner there is no other system of redemption from sin but confession. Marsilius, in an effort to bring man to God, regardless of any broker, says that confession should be done directly to God and that salvation comes only by true repentance. This anticipates what will be one of the tenets of Protestantism. The necessity of this Sacrament, that is only recommended and not required, is not detected from the Holy Scriptures. Only sincere repentance to the outside of any denominational can give that peace in the soul that is the prelude of eternal salvation. Absolution from sin belongs only to God and the priest, who may do so, does so only within the Church. Sufficit soli Deo confiteri peccata ipsa, videlicet recognoscendo, et de ipsis poenitendo cum proposito talia alterius non committendi.
These words can be regarded as harbingers of what will be the principles of the Lutheran Reformation.
Marsilio does not exclude absolutely confession: he says only that it is useful but not essential, which it would be if it were a precept, therefore he also denies the priestly power to inflict penalties.
Only contrition frees from sin, not repentance of any material or spiritual character almost like a compensation for the sin.
Indulgences
Votes
Excommunication
"Plenitudo Potestatis" - papal jurisdiction
The Ecumenical Council
Divorce
References
Medieval literature
Political philosophy |
6900559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20E3 | HMS E3 | HMS E3 was the third E-class submarine to be constructed, built at Barrow by Vickers in 1911-1912. Built with compartmentalisation and endurance not previously achievable, these were the best submarines in the Royal Navy at the start of the First World War. She was sunk in the first ever successful attack on one submarine by another, when she was torpedoed on 18 October 1914 by .
Design
The early British E-class submarines, from E1 to E8, had a displacement of at the surface and while submerged. They had a length overall of and a beam of , and were powered by two Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two electric motors. The class had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of , with a fuel capacity of of diesel affording a range of when travelling at , while submerged they had a range of at .
The early 'Group 1' E class boats were armed with four 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of eight torpedoes were carried. Group 1 boats were not fitted with a deck gun during construction, but those involved in the Dardanelles campaign had guns mounted forward of the conning tower while at Malta Dockyard.
E-Class submarines had wireless systems with power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was although in service some reached depths of below . Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.
Crew
Her complement was three officers and 28 men.
Service history
When war was declared with Germany on 5 August 1914, E3 was based at Harwich, in the 8th Submarine Flotilla of the Home Fleets.
Loss
E3 sailed from Harwich on 16 October to patrol off Borkum in the North Sea. On 18 October, she spotted some German destroyers ahead but was unable to get into a position to take a shot at them. Unable to pass them, Commander Cholmley retreated into the bay to wait for them to disperse. As he did so, he failed to see that the bay was also occupied by , under Kapitänleutnant Bernd Wegener.
Wegener was surfaced and patrolling between the Ems and Borkum when at 11:25, an object resembling a buoy was spotted where no buoy should be. Suspecting a British submarine, U-27 immediately dived and closed the object. Although 'conned down', the number 83 was clearly visible on the conning tower of the British boat, now identified as such beyond reasonable doubt. Wegener tracked the submarine for two hours until able to approach 'up sun'. He noted that the look-outs were staring intently in the other direction, towards the Ems. When the distance had closed to , a single torpedo was fired by U-27. Detonation followed shortly after, and E3 sank immediately. Survivors were visible in the water but fearing a second British submarine might have been lurking nearby, U-27 dived and withdrew. 30 minutes later, the U-boat returned to the scene to search for evidence and possible survivors but without success. All 31 members of E3s crew were lost.
The Wreck
In 1990, the stern section was snagged by a fishing boat, which in turn alerted divers from Zeester. The wreck of E3 was discovered on 14 October 1994. The stern of E3 had been blown off in the explosion and was found to be completely detached. The stern section— including the stern torpedo chamber — was later raised. The stern hatch was open, but the nature of the explosion indicates that men in the engine room and motor compartments would have died instantly. The motor and engine rooms are fully exposed and have consequently been looted of all removable fittings, including the bell.
The conning tower has been removed by fishing nets and the broken periscope standards are still evident. The conning tower ladder is said to have been donated to the Submarine Museum but is not officially listed within their collections. E3s torpedo loading hatch is open and the bow section is largely intact.
References
External links
A movie about the discovery of the E3 with English subtitles
'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum
British E-class submarines of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1912 ships
World War I submarines of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in October 1914
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
Lost submarines of the United Kingdom
Royal Navy ship names |
20467412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving%20P.%20Krick | Irving P. Krick | Irving P. Krick (1906 – June 20, 1996) was an American meteorologist and inventor, the founding professor of Department of Meteorology at California Institute of Technology (1933–1948), one of the U.S. Air Force meteorologists who provided forecasts for the Normandy Landings in 1944, a controversial pioneer of long-term forecasting and cloud seeding, and "a brilliant American salesman" who in 1938 started the first private weather business in the United States.
Early years
Krick was born in San Francisco in 1906. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, achieving a bachelor's degree in physics. However, his first career aspiration was music. Krick was an accomplished pianist and pursued music professionally but found it financially unrewarding. Still in early twenties he worked at the radio station and at a stock brokerage – until the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Finally, working for an airline and advice from his brother-in-law, Horace Byers, an MIT graduate, helped him find his true interest in weather.
Caltech
Around 1930, he began studying at the California Institute of Technology in the Department of Aeronautics, which provided only a few courses in meteorology, notably by Beno Gutenberg (atmospheric structure) and Theodore von Kármán (aeronautics), Krick's advisors in his doctoral studies. Caltech offered the first dedicated meteorology class in the 1933–34 season. Krick made his name known by a controversial paper asserting that the 1933 crash of USS Akron was a direct consequence of a mistaken forecast by the Weather Bureau. Krick's paper was instrumental to von Kármán's work explaining the actual cause of Akron disaster; he was also instrumental in determining the cause of the USS Macon crash in 1935. These publications brought Krick to the attention of the US Air Force; Krick befriended Air Force chief Hap Arnold, then a colonel stationed at March Field not far from Caltech.
Krick completed his doctoral degree in 1934 and remained at Caltech as an instructor. In 1937 he helped found the school's meteorology department and became its head. The department was unique in its commercial focus on the needs of profitable industries, including not just aviation, but almost anyone willing to pay, including the movie industry, for which Krick famously forecast the weather for the burning of Atlanta in Gone With The Wind. Krick was determined about making money; "weather forecasting was his product line, although, like many a great salesmen, his number one product was himself". He then stayed as a professor, offering a special curriculum for Arnold's nascent Air Force Weather Service.
Caltech terminated the meteorology department in 1948. In response, Krick left the school to start his own firm, taking with him most of the department staff.
World War II
With the outbreak of World War II Arnold recruited Krick into the United States Army Air Corps. Krick prevailed over other, scientifically inclined meteorologists: while they searched for causes of natural phenomena, Krick relied on analyzing historic patterns and cycles. He reused old weather maps that resembled current situation, arguing that future weather developments will most likely follow the recorded patterns - the same "weather typing" that brought him commissions from Hollywood studios. Critics called Krick's methods "canned memory". The primitive methods and aggressive salesmanship made Krick an enemy of scientific elite like George Cressman and Carl-Gustaf Rossby and Weather Bureau chief Francis W. Reichelderfer, who detested Krick as a "smug, supremely self-confident self-promoter". However, with Arnold's backing Krick was nearly invincible.
In 1944 Krick was engaged in meteorology support for the upcoming Allied Normandy Landings (see Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord), along with rival weather services from the United Kingdom. On May 28 Sverre Petterssen, a Norwegian meteorologist in British service, raised concerns that a coming storm would break out on June 2 and interfere with the landings planned on June 5. Krick argued to the contrary, asserting that there was no need to postpone the offensive – he envisaged nothing but continuously quiet weather over the following five days. Krick based his confidence on studies of 50 years of recorded weather; he was certain that the English Channel would be protected by the Azores High, a pressure pattern dominating over the eastern Atlantic. Unusually, as time passed by the uncertainties of the vital weather forecast did not dissolve, and consequently tension between Krick and Petterssen increased further. Finally, on June 3, Colonel Donald Yates (deputy to chief meteorologist James Stagg), a former student of Krick and one of the few people who could handle him, intervened in the rivalry and persuaded the Allied meteorologists to produce a joint weather forecast. In the end, Petterssen's opinion prevailed; despite Krick's initial objection, the landings were delayed by one day, saving the troops from a major disaster.
The controversy was fictionalised in the 2014 play Pressure by David Haig, with Krick appearing as a central character; the play however does not make reference to Petterssen's role, instead making an uncompromising Stagg the hero who, by persuading Eisenhower that he was right and Krick wrong, saved countless lives by insisting that the landing be postponed by a day.
Post-war practice
After leaving Caltech, Krick continued offering commercial long-term weather forecasts. He also added the service of cloud seeding, forcing precipitation in drought-affected areas.
In summer of 1948 Krick performed the first series of 27 airborne cloud seeding tests over central Arizona, dropping up to of ice particles on each flight. Indeed, the seeded clouds released rain, raising water levels in local reservoirs. The "rain makers" admitted that the result had other, natural, causes, but in a year that was one of the driest on record it was a significant success. Financially, the volume of water added by Krick's experiment cost only $2.50, compared to $14 going rate. In December 1949 Krick suggested cloud seeding without resorting to airborne devices; his proposal employed ground-based smoke generators dispersing vaporized silver iodide. A single smoke dispenser set, asserted Krick, could be moved by two wheelbarrows; it theoretically provided cloud-seeding particles for an area of . Tests demonstrated a fourfold increase in precipitation. By 1951 his cloud-seeding business had 120 employees and had been hired to seed clouds over in the western United States as well as parts of Mexico and San Salvador.
However, the American meteorological establishment opposed his practice, asserting his methods of cloud seeding were bogus and the weather could not be forecast for more than five days in the future. Krick decided to offer his long term forecasting to the Weather Bureau, but they too did not believe in his methods, so he started a private business. He successfully proved his basic premises, making a substantial profit from forecasts and weather making. Krick's practice caught the eye of many famous figures, and he was hired to forecast the weather for presidential inaugurations and movie shoots. He garnered attention in 1957 when his prediction of sunny weather for President Eisenhower's second inauguration, made 17 days before the event, came true. Of his most notable achievements, Dr. Krick also made rain in Israel after a severe drought, made it stop hailing in Alberta, Canada, and made enough snow for the 1960 Winter Olympics to take place.
During the mid-sixties, Irving P. Krick & Associates operated a successful cloud seeding operation in the area around Calgary, Alberta. This utilized both aircraft and ground-based generators that pumped silver iodide into the atmosphere in an attempt to reduce the threat of hail damage. Ralph Langeman, Lynn Garrison, and Stan McLeod, all ex-members of the RCAF, attending the University of Alberta, spent their summers flying hail suppression. A number of surplus Harvard aircraft were fitted with racks under each wing containing 32 railroad fuzees that were impregnated with silver iodide. These could be ignited individually or all at once, depending upon the threat. In coordination with ground units, the aircraft would lay a plume of silver iodide in front of approaching cumulonimbus clouds with noticeable effect. Large, active CBs were reduced to nothing. Heavy hail storms were reduced in intensity.
This effective program was funded by farmer contributions and government grants. The program was run each summer and did much to reduce crop damage by hail, otherwise the farm community would not have continued to finance the project.
In 1990 Krick sold his weather business to Strategic Weather Services, remaining with that company as chairman emeritus until his 1996 death from heart failure.
References
Fourth edition: Crest Publishers, 1997.
MIT Press.
MacMillan.
Notes
Bibliography
American meteorologists
1906 births
1996 deaths
California Institute of Technology faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from San Francisco
Scientists from California |
6900570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTV | KTV | KTV may refer to:
An Asian term for a karaoke box
Medicine
Kt/V, a measure of haemodialysis
Standardized Kt/V, a measure of haemodialysis, different from Kt/V
Television
Broadcasters
Korea TV, Korea
Kansai Telecasting Corporation, Japan
Kent Television, Canterbury, UK
Kohavision, a Kosovo TV station
KTV Ltd., Falkland Islands
Kurdistan TV, Iraq
Kuwait TV
Channels
KTV (India), Tamil-language
Kids & Teens TV, Florida, USA
K-T.V. or Kids TV, South Africa
Programs
Karaoke Television, Belize music competition
Organisations
Municipal Workers' Union, a former Finnish trade union
See also
K (disambiguation)
KT (disambiguation)
Karaoke (disambiguation) |
6900583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20East%20Carolinian | The East Carolinian | The East Carolinian is the campus newspaper of East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina, United States, and is entirely student-run. The East Carolinian dates back to 1925. The ECU Student Media Board "provides oversight and direction to the student newspaper" The newspaper has a circulation of 9,000 copies per issue in the Spring and Fall semesters and 5,000 copies per issue in the Summer. The newspaper comes out on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the Spring and Fall and on Wednesdays in the Summer.
Operations
The East Carolinian publishes one issues per week in the Fall and Spring semesters and continues publications during the Summer. The newspaper is printed by Cooke Communications North Carolina, LLC in Greenville, NC.
References
External links
The East Carolinian official website
1925 establishments in North Carolina
Publications established in 1925
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina
Student newspapers published in North Carolina
Weekly newspapers published in North Carolina |
20467421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20of%20Norwich | Dean of Norwich | The Dean of Norwich is the head of the Chapter of Norwich Cathedral in Norwich, England. The role is vacant since Jane Hedges' retirement on 1 May 2022.
List of deans
Early modern
1538–1539 William Castleton (last prior)
1539–1554 John Salisbury (deprived)
1554–1557 John Christopherson (afterwards Bishop of Chichester, 1557)
1557–1558 John Boxall (also Dean of Windsor, 1557–59 and Dean of Peterborough, 1557–1559) (deprived)
1558–1559 John Harpsfield (also Archdeacon of London, 1554–1559) (deprived)
1560–1573 John Salisbury (restored)
1573–1589 George Gardiner
1589–1601 Thomas Dove (afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, 1601)
1601–1603 John Jegon (afterwards Bishop of Norwich, 1603)
1603–1614 George Montgomery (afterwards Bishop of Raphoe, 1605)
1614–1628 Edmund Suckling
1628–1654 John Hassal (deprived – Commonwealth)
1660–1670 John Crofts
1670–1681 Herbert Astley
1681–1689 John Sharp (afterwards Dean of Canterbury, 1689)
1689–1702 Henry Fairfax
1702–1714 Humphrey Prideaux
1724–1730 Thomas Cole
1731–1733 Robert Butts (afterwards Bishop of Norwich, 1733)
1733–1739 John Baron
1739–1761 Thomas Bullock
1761–1765 Hon. Edward Townshend
1765–1790 Philip Lloyd
Late modern
1790–1828 Joseph Turner
1828–1866 George Pellew
1866–1889 Meyrick Goulburn
1889–1909 William Lefroy
1909–1911 Henry Wakefield (afterwards Bishop of Birmingham, 1911)
1911–1919 Henry Beeching
1919–1927 John Willink
1927–1946 David Cranage
1946–1952 St Barbe Holland
1953–1969 Norman Hook
1970–1978 Alan Webster (afterwards Dean of St Paul's, 1978)
1978–1983 David Edwards (afterwards Provost of Southwark, 1983)
1983–1995 Paul Burbridge
1995–2003 Stephen Platten (afterwards Bishop of Wakefield, 2003)
2004–29 September 2013 (ret.) Graham Smith
21 June 20141 May 2022 (ret.): Jane Hedges
6 September 2022 - : Andrew Braddock
Sources
British History Online – An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 3: The History of the City and County of Norwich, Part I – Deans of Norwich
British History Online – Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857 – Deans of Norwich
References
Norwich
Dean of Norwich |
20467427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20Force%20%28film%29 | Shadow Force (film) | Shadow Force is a 1992 American film. It was filmed in the San Antonio area of Texas and was released straight to video.
Plot
In the fictional town of Norman, close to San Antonio, the local police is composed of professional assassins. With one exception, the police chief down to the dispatcher are all on the payroll of a local racketeer who makes use of these paid killers to dispose of zealous law enforcement officials opposed to his operations. When the last remaining honorable member of the force (Glenn Corbett) is killed, his brother-in-law (Dirk Benedict), a homicide detective from an unidentified city in Kansas begins an investigation of his own.
Cast
Dirk Benedict as Detective Rick Kelly
Lise Cutter as Mary Denton
Lance LeGault as Norman Police Chief Thorpe
Dixie K. Wade as Maggie
Steve Carlson as Mike Gorman
Julius Tennon as Ron Fuller
Bob Hastings as Norman Mayor Talbert
Danny Spear as Sam Johnson
Rey David Pena as Emilio Vela
Glenn Corbett as Al Finch Sr.
External links
Shadow Force IMDB
1992 direct-to-video films
1992 films
Films set in Texas
Films shot in San Antonio
1992 action films
American action films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
6900585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Mother%20Moore | Queen Mother Moore | Queen Mother Moore (born Audley Moore; July 27, 1898 – May 2, 1997) was an African-American civil rights leader and a black nationalist who was friends with such civil rights leaders as Marcus Garvey, Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Rosa Parks, and Jesse Jackson. She was a figure in the American Civil Rights Movement and a founder of the Republic of New Afrika. Dr. Delois Blakely was her assistant for 20 years. Blakely was later enstooled in Ghana as a Nana (Queen Mother).
Biography
She was born Audley Moore in New Iberia, Louisiana, to Ella and St. Cyr Moore on July 27, 1898. Both her parents died before she completed the fourth grade, her mother Ella Johnson dying in 1904 when Audley was six. Her grandmother, Nora Henry, had been enslaved at birth, the daughter of an African woman who was raped by her enslaver, who was a doctor. Audley Moore's grandfather was lynched, leaving her grandmother with five children with Moore's mother as the youngest. Moore became a hairdresser at the age of 15.
Moore later had an adopted son, Thomas O. Warner.
After viewing a speech by Marcus Garvey, Moore moved to Harlem, New York, and later became a leader and life member of the UNIA, founded in 1914 by Marcus Garvey. She participated in Garvey's first international convention in New York City and was a stock owner in the Black Star Line. Along with becoming a leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement, Moore worked for a variety of causes for over 60 years. Her last public appearance was at the Million Man March alongside Jesse Jackson during October 1995.
Moore was the founder and president of the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women as well as the founder of the Committee for Reparations for Descendants of U.S. Slaves. She was a founding member of the Republic of New Afrika to fight for self-determination, land, and reparations.
In 1964, Moore founded the Eloise Moore College of African Studies, Mt. Addis Ababa in Parksville, New York. The college was destroyed by fire in the late 1970s.
For most of the 1950s and 1960s, Moore was the best-known advocate of African-American reparations. Operating out of Harlem and her organization, the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women, Moore actively promoted reparations from 1950 until her death.
Although raised Catholic, Moore disaffiliated during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, during which Moore felt Pope Pius XII took improper actions in supporting the Italian army. She later became bishop of the Apostolic Orthodox Church of Judea. She was also a founding member of the Commission to Eliminate Racism, Council of Churches of Greater New York. In organizing this commission, she staged a 24-hour sit-in for three weeks.
She was also a co-founder of the African American Cultural Foundation, Inc., which led the fight against usage of the slave term "Negro".
In 1957, Moore presented a petition to the United Nations and a second in 1959, arguing for self-determination, against genocide, for land and reparations, making her an international advocate. Interviewed by E. Menelik Pinto, Moore explained the petition, in which she asked for 200 billion dollars to monetarily compensate for 400 years of slavery. The petition also called for compensations to be given to African Americans who wish to return to Africa and those who wish to remain in America. Queen Mother Moore was the first signer of the New African agreement
Taking the first of many trips to Africa in 1972, she was given the chieftaincy title "Queen Mother" by members of the Ashanti people in Ghana, an honorific which became her informal name in the United States.
In 1990, Blakely took her to meet Nelson Mandela after his release from prison in South Africa, at the residence of President Kenneth Kaunda in Lusaka, Zambia. In 1996 Blakely assisted Moore in enstooling Winnie Mandela in the presence of the Ausar Auset Society International at the Lowes Victoria Theater (New York City) 5 at 125th Street, Harlem.
The first African American Chairman of the DNC (Democratic National Committee) and U.S. Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown (U.S. politician), U.S. Congressman Charles Rangel, NYC Mayor David Dinkins and U.S. Presidential Candidate Jesse Jackson honored, supported, acknowledged, respected and insured the well-being of Moore as a Royal Elder in the Harlem community.
Sonia Sanchez, voice of the liberation struggle of a people was a God-daughter adored by Moore.
Queen Mother Moore died in a Brooklyn nursing home from natural causes at the age of 98.
References
Further reading
External links
"'Queen Mother’ Moore; black nationalist leader".
"Queen Mother" Moore, Black History Pages.
'Queen Mother' Moore talks about seeing Marcus Garvey and being in the UNIA in this radio documentary.
1898 births
1997 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
People from New Iberia, Louisiana
American Black separatist activists
American civil rights activists
Women civil rights activists
20th-century African-American activists
20th-century African-American women
American women activists
Activists from Louisiana
American reparationists
African-American Catholics |
6900591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrazyShow | CrazyShow | CrazyShow is a limited-edition (2500 copies) four-CD album by Alphaville, composed of new material as well
as rare and remixed tracks, and three cover versions ("Do the Strand" by Roxy Music, "Something" by George Harrison", and "Diamonds Are Forever" by Don Black and John Barry). It's considered to be a sequel to the eight-CD album Dreamscapes, and as such the discs are numbered from 9 to 12.
Between October 2000 and October 2001, Alphaville released – free of charge – an average of one track per month on their official website. All of those tracks ended up on CrazyShow, though some were remixed. The internet releases were: "Scum of the Earth", "MoonGirl", "MoonBoy", "See Me Thru", "Those Wonderful Things", "And as for Love", "Upside Down", "Parallel Girlz (Cloud Nine)",
"Shadows She Said (Omerta)", "First Monday (in the year 3000)", "(Waiting for the) New Light", "Miracle Healing", "Zoo" and "On the Beach".
A single CD promotional version of the set called CrazyShow Excerpts was also released.
Track listing
All tracks by Rainer Bloss and Marian Gold except where noted.
CD 9 – The Terrible Truth About Paradise
"State of Dreams" (Bloss, Stephan Duffy, Gold) – 6:32
"Ship of Fools" – 4:35
"Zoo" (Bloss, Mark Ferrigno, Gold) – 5:54
"See Me Thru" – 3:48
"Upside Down" – 5:09
"And as for Love" – 4:10
"Girl From Pachacamac" (Gold, Martin Lister) – 4:10
"Carry Your Flag" – 5:43
"MoonGirl" – 5:07
"Return to Paradise Part 2" – 7:44
"Those Wonderful Things" (Blankleder, Bloss, Gold, Montrucchio) – 5:17
"On the Beach" – 10:26
CD 10 – Last Summer on Earth
"Wonderboy" – 3:37
"Hurricane" – 5:57
"Do the Strand" (Bryan Ferry) – 5:15
"Still Falls the Rain" (Janey Diamond, Gold, Lister) – 4:24
"Ways" (Gold, Lister) – 5:56
"The II Girlz" (Bloss, Gold, Gurkin) – 4:55
"Heartbreaker" (Bloss, Gold, Lister) – 2:05
"Waiting 4 the Nu Lite" – 6:47
"Shadows She Said" – 4:33
"CrazyShow" (Gold, Klaus Schulze) – 9:01
"MoonBoy (Thank You)" – 4:59
"Miracle Healing" – 4:59
CD 11 – Stranger Than Dreams
"Stranger than Dreams" – 3:48
"Giants" (Ricky Echolette, Gold, Bernhard Lloyd) – 4:05
"Wish You Were Dead/Wishful Thinking" (Echolette, Gold, Lloyd) – 4:34
"About a Heart" (Gold, Lister) – 4:42
"For the Sake of Love" – 3:51
"Sounds Like a Melody (MaXx Mystery's 80's Remix)" (Gold, Bernhard Lloyd, Frank Mertens) – 4:20
"Something" (George Harrison) – 3:56
"Because of U" – 4:30
"Inside Out (ThouShaltNot Remix)" (Echolette, Gold, Lloyd) – 4:25
"The Opium Den" (Gold, Schulze) – 6:51
"Last Summer on Earth" – 4:44
"Diamonds are 4 Eva" (John Barry, Don Black) – 3:13
CD 12 – WebSiteStory
"Return to Paradise Part 1" – 3:04
"State of Dreams" – 4:23
"Scum of the Earth" – 3:34
"Upside Down" – 5:54
"Shadows She Said" – 4:30
"First Monday in the Y3K" – 3:04
"MoonGirl" – 4:32
"Waiting 4 the Nu Lite" – 4:19
"Those Wonderful Things" (Blankleder, Bloss, Gold, Montrucchio) – 4:52
"C Me Thru" – 3:32
"MoonBoy" – 4:19
"Miracle Healing" – 21:22
Personnel
Alphaville – Producer
Gabi Becker – Vocals
Rainer Bloss – Synthesizer, Arranger, Keyboards, Computers, Mixing
Aaron Fuleki – Producer, Remixing
Marian Gold – Arranger, Singer, Producer, Mixing
Dirk Grobelny – Photography, Concept
Martin Lister – Synthesizer, Arranger, Keyboards, Computers, Mixing, Drawing
Christian Marsac – Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Producer
Frank McDonald – Guitar
Rudy Nielson – Guitar, E-Bow
Alex Reed – Voices, Multi Instruments, Producer, Remixing
Klaus Schulze – Arranger, Producer, Mixing, Instrumentation
The Nelson Highrise Sectors
The song "Scum of the Earth" is also referred to as "The Nelson Highrise Sector Four: The Scum of the Earth." This is the fourth of 4 songs that Alphaville have designated a "Nelson Highrise Sector:"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 1 is "The Elevator," the B-side to 1984's single, "Sounds Like a Melody"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 2 is "The Other Side of U," the B-side to 1986's single "Dance With Me"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 3 is "The Garage," the B-side to 1986's singles, "Jerusalem" and "Sensations"
2003 albums
Alphaville (band) albums |
6900596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokedown%20Palace%20%28disambiguation%29 | Brokedown Palace (disambiguation) | Brokedown Palace is a 1999 American drama film by Jonathan Kaplan.
Brokedown Palace may also refer to:
Brokedown Palace (novel), a novel by Steven Brust
Brokedown Palace: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"Brokedown Palace", a song by the Grateful Dead from American Beauty |
6900598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessos%20Painter | Nessos Painter | The Nessos Painter, also known as Netos or Nettos Painter, was a pioneer of Attic black-figure vase painting. He is considered to be the first Athenian to adopt the Corinthian style who went on to develop his own style and introduced innovations. The Nessos Painter is often known to be one of the original painters of black-figure. He only worked in this style, which is shown on his name vase in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Most of the known Nessos Painter ceramics were found in funerary settings such as cemeteries and mortuaries.
Name vase
On the neck of an amphora in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the painter depicted Nessos fighting Heracles. The figure is also marked with the name 'Netos', the Attic dialect form of the name Nessos. John D. Beazley, the authority on Attic vase painting, attributed the name 'The Nessos Painter' to this artist. Later, after new finds in Athens and in a cemetery outside the city, paintings of chimera were identified with this painter and Beazley subsequently tried to use the name 'Chimera Painter,' but it failed to find general acceptance. Although many Greek sculptors signed their work on sculpted friezes, pot painters did not often sign their work, remaining unknown until historians such as Beazley produced modern names.
Style and themes
Many of the artist's known works feature characters from Greek myths and legends. On the neck of a Middle Protoattic vase from the 7th century BCE, located in National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the painter depicted Nessos fighting Heracles. In this depiction Heracles is moving from left to right, opposite the direction that a victor would take, prompting the belief that most of the Nessos Painter vessels are found in funerary settings. The painter's early works are reminiscent of the proto-Corinthianstyle, using space-filling ornamentation like that of the Berlin Painter. The 'Nessos' vase shows the artist establishing a style distinct from the Corinthian style, which at this stage (late 7th century BCE) was marked by clear clay fields and contour drawing. The ornamentation and contour drawing was the critical distinction of the new black-figure style. Most of his work falls in the last quarter of the 7th century, during the transition from the proto-Corinthian to Corinthian. During this time he did not completely abandon contour drawing, but by using two or more etched lines he introduced a new sharpness and suggestion of form - most particularly with curls, feathers and spring designs.
The Nessos Painter also utilized the black-figure style along with artists such as Exekias, and Sophilos. This style may have contributed towards Athenian realism. Black-figure style originated in Corinth, but became very popular among Athenians. Athenian realism may also have begun with black-figure painting. The painting on the Nessos Painter's name vase uses emotions portrayed through the story of Heracles killing Nessos.
According to Martin Robertson, The Nessos Painter is considered by historians to be the essential link between classical Attic vase painting and the new Corinthian style, which uses animal motifs and mythological figures and scenes. It is sparing in its use of white opaque, but often uses red pigment to intensify the red color of the clay. It is theorized by John Boardman that Egyptian figure painting may have influenced the Nessos Painter and his contemporaries, as the Egyptians used white to signify that a face belonged to a female and red to indicate that it belonged to a male. H.H. Scullard argues that Greece did not produce black-figure pottery, contributing to the demand of imported vessels in a style that has become popular among citizens that have traveled to Athens. Neither was Greece known for producing pottery that focused on religious subject matter, making Athens and artists such as the Nessos Painter even more popular among foreign travelers.
Myths of Heracles originated with the Etruscans who were fascinated by the demigod and stories of his travels to the underworld and ascent to Mount Olympus to live with the gods after his death. The myth portrayed on the vessel shows Heracles trying to rescue Deianira from the centaur Nessos whom he shoots with his arrow. The story involves Deianira and Heracles summoning the centaur Nessos to cross the river Evenus in order to escape Oineus who was upset about his murdered nephew. Heracles crosses the river first, leaving Deianira with Nessos who attempts to rape her. Heracles, being so far away can only use his bow and arrow to shoot Nessos. While Nessos lays dying, he offers Deianira some of his blood to use as a love potion for Heracles. Unbeknownst to her, his blood is poisonous. Eventually, Deianira, jealous of Heracles's many sexual conquests, smears Nessos's blood on Heracles's cloak, burning his skin, driving him mad, and killing him. The vessel also has a depiction of Deianira riding away in a chariot with four horses, a scene that occurs after Heracles has saved Deianira and returns to strike the centaur once more to make sure he is dead. This myth was so popular with the Etruscans that they ended up purchasing many vessels depicting the scene.
Another distinctive feature of the Nessos Painter was the scale of some of his work, which reached over a meter in height.
Examples of work
In the name vase amphora depicting Nessos fighting Heracles, the painter utilizes iconography such as a depiction of Heracles with a mustache. This differs from artwork that typically shows Heracles with a beard and his usual attire of a lion skin cloak and lion mask. The names of both Nessos and Heracles are written above them, indicating that either the artist or someone in his workshop was literate. The rest of the scenery features symbols typical for late rosettes. Scholars have noted that the scene may have been depicted under water due to symbols featured above the image - ducks, zig zags, and spirals. The vase's artwork puts an emphasis on Heracles and does not feature Deianira in the center, something that historians such as R.M. Linders believed was done to emphasize Heracles slaying the centaur Nessos. Another rare example of his works would include Attic black-figure Neck Amphora Fragment, discovered in Attica, Greece in about 620 BCE.
References
7th-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek vase painters
Anonymous artists of antiquity
People from Attica
Year of birth unknown |
17334863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20Pittsburgh%20buildings | List of University of Pittsburgh buildings | The lists of University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) buildings catalog only the currently-existing Pitt- and UPMC-owned buildings and structures that reside within the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the home of the university's and medical center's main campuses. Although the University and the closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) are tightly intertwined both institutionally and geographically, including the sharing and leasing arrangements of resources and facilities (such as Forbes Tower, Thomas Detre Hall, the Carrillo Street Steam Plant, Hillman Cancer Center, etc.), buildings primarily owned by UPMC are listed separately because the University and UPMC are technically separate legal entities.
University of Pittsburgh
The major concentration of buildings that comprise Pitt's main campus is centered in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, however a few facilities are scattered elsewhere throughout the city, including the adjacent Shadyside neighborhood. Along with regional campuses in Bradford, Greensburg, Johnstown, and Titusville, Pitt also has a Computer Center in RIDC Park in Blawnox, the Plum Boro Science Center in Plum, the University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center (U-PARC) in Harmarville, Pennsylvania, the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology in Linesville, Pennsylvania, and the Allen L. Cook Spring Creek Preserve archeological research site in Spring Creek, Wyoming.
Table of Pitt-owned buildings in Pittsburgh
Buildings in the sortable table below are initially listed alphabetically.
Table of former Pitt-owned buildings in Pittsburgh
The following table lists buildings that were owned and utilized by the university but have subsequently been either sold or demolished.
UPMC
The flagship of UPMC's hospital network is centered in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh within, and adjacent to, the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Many university departments, institutes and programs are housed within UPMC facilities and vice versa. The administrative headquarters of UPMC are moving into the top floors of the U.S. Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh. In Pennsylvania, UPMC also owns and operates facilities outside Pittsburgh including hospitals in Aspinwall (UPMC St. Margaret), Bedford (UPMC Bedford), Braddock (UPMC Braddock), Cranberry (UPMC Passavant – Cranberry Campus), Greenville (UPMC Horizon: Greenville), McCandless (UPMC Passavant – McCandless campus), (UPMC McKeesport), Seneca (UPMC Northwest), and Farrell (UPMC Horizon: Shenango Valley), as well as operating ISMETT, located in Palermo, Sicily. UPMC also owns and operates a variety of other facilities inside Pennsylvania including cancer centers (also internationally in Ireland and the United Kingdom), retirement and long-term care facilities, and community and medical and surgical facilities.
Table of UPMC-owned buildings in Pittsburgh
The sortable table below has its included buildings initially listed alphabetically.
See also
Oakland - the neighborhood of the main Pitt campus
Schenley Farms Historic District - the historic district in Oakland which the main campus is located. Many other historic buildings in this district are scattered among the Pitt campus and are utilized for various school functions.
Notes
References
External links
Financial Records Services Building List
Allegheny County Assessment Real Estate Search
Emporis Pittsburgh buildings
Images of America: Oakland
Building List
Pittsburgh, University of
University of Pittsburgh buildings
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
University of Pittsburgh |
6900605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanvion%20Yulu-Matondo | Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo | Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo (born 5 January 1986) is a Belgian footballer with Congolese roots who last played for Romanian club Oțelul Galați as a striker.
Career
Youth career
Yulu-Matondo started his career at the small team of R. Ans F.C. but was discovered by Jupiler League team R.E. Mouscron where he joined the youth team. He developed further with Club Brugge, where he has successfully managed the step from the youth team to the first team.
Club Brugge K.V.
After four years in the youth team, Yulu-Matondo started playing for the first team of Club Brugge in 2005. He scored a goal for Club Brugge in the UEFA Champions League against Juventus.
Roda JC
In the summer of 2007, he moved from Club Brugge to Roda JC.
Levski Sofia
On 30 January 2011, it was announced that Levski Sofia had signed Yulu-Matondo.
K.V.C. Westerlo
On 8 September 2011, he returned to near Belgium, joining K.V.C. Westerlo and signing a one-year contract.
Bury FC
On 11 February 2013, Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo signed for then League 1 outfit Bury FC on non-contract terms after a three-week trial. But after playing in a reserve game against Bolton Wanderers, he was let go by manager Kevin Blackwell.
Honours
Club Brugge
Belgian Cup: 2006–07
References
External links
Belgium stats at Belgian FA
Profile at LevskiSofia.info
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kinshasa
Belgian footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Democratic Republic of the Congo emigrants to Belgium
Club Brugge KV players
Roda JC Kerkrade players
Bury F.C. players
PFC Levski Sofia players
K.V.C. Westerlo players
ASC Oțelul Galați players
Belgian First Division A players
Eredivisie players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Liga I players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in England
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate footballers in Egypt
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Romania
Association football forwards |
23574418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation.
History
CAT was founded in 1989 by Dr. David Chiswell OBE and Sir Greg Winter, with major scientific contributions from Dr. John McCafferty and the Medical Research Council (UK) (MRC). Operations began at the MRC laboratories in Cambridge. In May 1990, operations moved to the Daly Research Laboratories at Babraham Institute, Cambridge.
In 1992, CAT moved to Beech House on the Melbourn Science Park to occupy units B1 and B2. In 1993 the company expanded into unit B3, into B4 into 1995, and in 1998 into units B5, B6, B8 and B9. CAT completed the occupation of Beech House by finally occupying B7 by the late 1990s.
CAT listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1997, raising £43 million, and went through a second round of funding in 2000, raising over £90 million.
In 1999, CAT expanded into a second location in Melbourn called Cambridge House. After leaving Melbourn, CAT sold this location on to housing developers in early 2006.
In 2000, after a succession of deals that focussed on harnessing the exploitation of the human genome, CAT's share price peaked at over £50 per share.
Also in 2000, CAT decided to move out of Melbourn to a science park called Granta Park, roughly away. Of the buildings on the park, the first to be occupied was the Franklin Building followed, in late 2002, by a move to a new corporate headquarters at the Milstein Building.
The Franklin Building, named after Rosalind Franklin, was formally opened in 2001 by David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville. The Milstein Building was named after César Milstein, and had a modular design with separate laboratory (46,000 sq ft) and administration blocks (21,000 sq ft). In the same year, CAT listed on the NASDAQ.
When AstraZeneca acquired CAT in June 2006, plans were announced to occupy a new building on Granta Park, GP15, offering a further . Refurbishment of this building took approximately 18 months and the building was officially opened, in November 2008, with the name Aaron Klug Building.
Acquisitions
Aptein Inc.
On 15 July 1998, CAT completed the acquisition of Aptein Inc. This acquisition "...further strengthened its world leading position in antibody display technology...giving CAT controlling patents in the field of polysome display. Polysome display involves the use of polysomes, a type of molecule responsible for protein synthesis within the human body, to display functional antibody proteins in vitro.". Three years later David Glover, CAT's Chief Medical Officer at the time, summarised the acquisition as one which essentially acquired Aptein's patent estate
"Under the terms of the agreement CAT purchased the issued share capital and outstanding share options and warrants of Aptein for a total consideration of up to $11 million satisfied by the issue of up to 2.366 million CAT shares (an implied CAT share price of 278p.) $6 million of the consideration was satisfied by the issue of 1.290 million CAT shares on closing. The balance of the consideration of up to $5 million will be satisfied by the issue of up to 1.076 million CAT shares after Aptein's European patents have been sustained through opposition or appeal. In accordance with accounting standards the cost of acquiring this new technology has been capitalised and will be written off over the lives of the patents concerned.".
Aptein was founded by Glenn Kawasaki, who is currently, amongst other positions, CEO at Accium BioSciences.
According to an article published in Nature in 2002, that focused on the automation of proteomics,..."Normally, an mRNA molecule passes through the ribosome-like ticker-tape and is released, along with the newly synthesised protein molecule, when a sequence of three bases known as a 'stop codon' is reached. In Aptein's technology, stop codons are eliminated so that the completed antibody and its mRNA remain bound together on the ribosome. The system, which CAT is now optimising, is entirely cell-free and so is more amenable to automation. This should make it possible to construct libraries that are orders of magnitude larger than those created using phage display."
CAT published on their optimisation work with Ribosome Display, including:
The discovery of tralokinumab, a therapeutic antibody against IL-13.
An improved method for eukaryotic ribosome display
A comparison of phage and ribosome display approaches for improving antibody affinity and stability showing the advantages of ribosome display
The use of ribosome display to optimise pharmacology and "developability" of therapeutic proteins
CAT used extensive data sets from ribosome display to patent protect their anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody, CAT-354, in a world-first of sequence-activity-relationship claims.
Drug Royalty Corporation Inc.
In 1994, CAT signed a royalty deal with Drug Royalty Corporation Inc. (DRC) such that DRC would receive future royalty revenue from CAT's products.
In January 2002, CAT made a share-based offer to buy DRC for £55 million so that it could buy out this royalty obligation. CAT valued DRC at C$3.00 a share, and this offer was initially recommended by the board of directors of DRC. On 8 March 2002 the investment company Inwest made a competing offer valuing DRC at C$3.05 per share. CAT's offer would see DRC shareholders receiving CAT shares whilst Inwest's offer would see the DRC shareholder receiving cash. DRC's board of directors changed their decision and recommended Inwest's offer. After a number of deadline extensions from CAT the offer from Inwest was accepted by the DRC shareholders. Inwest purchased DRC on 2 May 2002, and the company began operating as a private entity that continues operation today as DRI Capital.
As a result of this failure to purchase DRC, CAT's right to buy back royalty interest was triggered at a cost to CAT of C$14 million (£6.2 million) by way of 463,818 CAT shares.
Oxford Glycosciences
On 23 January 2003 CAT made a share-based offer for Oxford Glycosciences (OGS) and at an Extraordinary General Meeting shareholders voted to approve the merger. In March of this year CAT saw a decline in its share price. Discussions regarding the applicability of the royalty offset provisions for HUMIRA with Abbott Laboratories had started, and these had a negative impact on the CAT share price depressing the value of CAT's offer.
On 26 February 2003 the British-based biotechnology group Celltech subsequently made a hostile £101 million cash offer for OGS and began buying OGS shares. Some reported that this activity represented the UK biotechnology industry's first-ever bidding war. Despite this improved offer from Celltech, OGS continued to recommend the CAT offer.
Celltech continued to buy OGS shares and the OGS board pressed CAT to improve the terms of its offer as the Celltech shareholding reached 10.55%. OGS became alarmed that Celltech's share purchase would prompt CAT to walk away because, under takeover rules, it would not be able to forcibly purchase the 10.55 per cent stake Celltech owned. CAT failed to improve the terms of its bid forcing OGS to abandon the agreement.
Celltech continued buying shares and, as their stake reached 25%, so the board of OGS met to reluctantly recommend the Celltech offer. Celltech completed the purchase of OGS in April 2003. Some newspapers reported that the failure of the bid by CAT would means that CAT would have to cut some of its workforce. Celltech was itself purchased by the Belgian drugmaker UCB in mid-2004.
Genencor
On 1 November 2005 CAT announced it was acquiring two anti-CD22 immunotoxin products from Genencor, namely GCR-3888 and GCR-8015. Genencor is the biotechnology division of Danisco and the acquisition meant CAT would hire certain former Genencor key employees to be responsible for the development of the programmes.
GCR-3888 and GCR-8015 were discovered and initially developed by the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Genencor licensed the candidates for hematological malignancies and entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the NIH, which will now be continued by CAT. Under the original
licence agreement with the NIH, CAT gained the rights to a portfolio of intellectual property associated with the programs and would pay future royalties to the NIH.
CAT intended to file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for GCR-8015 in various CD22 positive B-cell malignancies, including Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, following a period of manufacturing development which is expected to be complete by the end of 2006 and to support the NCI's ongoing development of GCR-3888 in Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pALL).
CAT-8015 exhibited a greater affinity for CD22 than its predecessor, CAT-3888 and CAT's language such as "CAT will support the NCI's ongoing development of CAT-3888..." suggested at the time that their focus was on the second generation candidate.
On 16 May 2013, AstraZeneca announced that CAT-8015, now Moxetumumab, has started Phase III clinical trials.
Collaborations
CAT entered into many collaborations with technology and pharmaceutical companies, including:
Searle, 1999 – CAT signed, what was at the time, their biggest deal with Searle, the pharmaceutical arm of Monsanto. In 2000, Pharmacia & Upjohn merged with Monsanto and Searle to create Pharmacia Corporation. In 2003, Pfizer acquired Pharmacia. It is unsure as to whether the deal with Searle generated any clinical candidates.
Human Genome Sciences, 2000. GlaxoSmithKline purchased HGSI in 2012. The deal with Cambridge Antibody Technology generated, amongst others;
An anti-BLyS antibody – registered by HGSI as LymphoStat-B, also known as belimumab, and subsequently branded as Benlysta. On 16 November 2010 HGSI and GlaxoSmithKline announced the vote of the FDA advisory committee to recommend approval of belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus. On 9 March 2011 the FDA voted 11 to 2 in favour of approving Benlysta "to treat patients with active, autoantibody-positive lupus who are receiving standard therapy, including corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunosuppressives, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs".
An anthrax therapeutic antibody – registered by HGSI as ABthrax, also known as raxibacumab. At the 2 November 2012 meeting of the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) members "voted 16 to 1 in support of the clinical benefit of raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational anthrax, with one abstention. In addition, the committee voted 18 – 0 in favour of the risk-benefit profile of raxibacumab".
Two anti-TRAIL receptor antibodies – mapatumumab (HGS-ETR1) and lexatumumab (HGS-ETR2). Early work by CAT and HGS scientists showed that HGS-ETR1 induces cell death in certain tumour types. Following this data, HGS exercised an option to enter into an exclusive development partnership for the antibody.
Genzyme, 2000. CAT held significant strength in the area of TGF beta with two products already – lerdelimumab (CAT-152) and metelimumab (CAT-192). The deal with Genzyme was "a broad strategic alliance to develop and commercialise human monoclonal antibodies directed against TGF-beta." All clinical indications, with the exception of ophthalmic uses, were covered by the agreement.
The deal resulted in fresolimumab (GC1008), a pan-neutralizing IgG4 human antibody directed against all three isoforms of TGF beta, which had the "potential for treating a variety of diseases". In particular Genzyme are currently using fresolimumab in trials involving immunogenic tumours.
The takeover of CAT by AstraZeneca initiated a change of control clause in the 2008 agreement that gives Genzyme the right to buy out rights to a jointly developed experimental lung drug.
In February 2011, Sanofi-Aventis purchased Genzyme for approximately US$20bn.
Immunex Corp, 2000. CAT's proprietary antibody phage display library for the discovery, development and potential commercialisation of human monoclonal antibodies was licensed to Immunex, in return for a licence fee. This deal was expanded in May 2001 where CAT shared more of the risk of drug development – a so-called "profit-sharing" deal. In 2002 Immunex was acquired by Amgen and in December 2003 CAT entered into a new, restructured agreement with Amgen, reportedly focussing in skin disease. It was also reported that, under the terms of the agreement, Amgen had taken responsibility for the further development and marketing of the therapeutic antibody candidates isolated by CAT against two targets on which the parties agreed to collaborate and would bear all the associated costs. In return, CAT received from Amgen an initial fee and potential milestone payments and royalties on future sales. As of February 2004, one candidate had been delivered by CAT to Amgen. A second candidate was the subject of a continuing research program funded by Amgen and conducted by CAT and was to be delivered to Amgen in due course.
Amgen acquired the transgenic mouse company Abgenix meaning that they had access to two different methods of human monoclonal antibody production. As of July 2009, it is not known from which technology any of their monoclonal antibody products in clinical trials have been derived.
AMRAD, 2001. AMRAD subsequently changed its name to Zenyth Therapeutics and, in mid-2006, Zenyth was acquired by CSL Limited. CAT and AMRAD had gone 50:50 with the original deal over the development of an anti-GMCSF-R antibody, which became CAM-3001. After all this corporate manoeuvring, "CSL decided to license its 50% share in the project to MedImmune...MedImmune commenced Phase I clinical trials in December 2007".
Products and pipeline
CAT had a number of significant products in the pipeline. These included:
Adalimumab (D2E7) – a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). This drug went on to be developed and marketed by Abbott Laboratories as Humira®. The royalties payable on Adalimumab sales were subject to a dispute between the two companies. In 2013, Abbott split it business in half, whereby AbbVie became responsible for its research-based pharmaceutical business, and thus Humira. Humira went on to dominate the best-selling drugs lists. In 2016, the best selling drugs list researched by Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, published in March 2017, details that Humira occupied the number 1 position for 2015 ($14.012 billion of sales) and 2016 ($16.078 billion). Whilst for 2017, Abbvie reports that Humira achieved $18.427billion of sales in 2017
Briakinumab (ABT-874) – a human monoclonal antibody to IL-12 and IL-23. This went on to be developed by Abbott Laboratories for treatment of psoriasis and Crohn's disease. On 11 October 2010, Abbott presented positive Phase III data.
Metelimumab (CAT-192) and fresolimumab (GC1008) are human monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Initial trials targeted the skin condition scleroderma but, after some unsuccessful clinical trial results, the product was dropped in favour of fresolimumab, which was initially developed by Genzyme. In February 2011, Sanofi-Aventis purchased Genzyme for approximately US$20 billion and, as of March 2013, Sanofi continue to list fresolimumab in their research and development portfolio.
Lerdelimumab is a human monoclonal antibody to TGF beta 2, initially developed to combat fibrotic scarring that results from glaucoma drainage surgery. The drug was branded Trabio, and development was stopped in late 2005 after unsuccessful trial results.
Bertilimumab (CAT-213) is a human monoclonal antibody to eotaxin 1. In January 2007, CAT licensed the drug for treatment of allergy disorders to iCo Therapeutics Inc., who renamed it from CAT-213 to iCo-008.
Mavrilimumab (CAM-3001) – a human monoclonal igG4 antibody to the alpha chain of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF Receptor). In 2007, some elements of the local press suggested this product could be the next HUMIRA. CAM-3001 is currently being developed by MedImmune in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and mentioned in the rheumatology section of AstraZeneca's pipeline in their 2008 Annual Report. The first clinical trial was initiated by MedImmune in late 2007. In 2017, Kiniksa licensed Mavrilimumab from MedImmune and, in April 2021, Kiniksa outlined the next steps for development of Mavrilimumab – including in COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), giant cell arteritis (GCA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Tralokinumab (CAT-354, Adtralza®) – a human monoclonal antibody (IgG4) that potently and specifically neutralises interleukin 13, a T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the human asthmatic phenotype. CAT-354 was CAT's first antibody to be discovered using ribosome display, and was further developed by developed by MedImmune. Tralokinumab was licensed by AstraZeneca to LEO Pharma for skin diseases in July 2016. On 15 June 2017, Leo Pharma announced that they were starting phase 3 clinical trials with tralokinumab in atopic dermatitis. In April 2021, Leo Pharma announced that it had received positive Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) opinion of Adtralza® (tralokinumab) for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. On 22 June 2021, LEO Pharma announced that the European Commission had approved "Adtralza® (tralokinumab) as the first and only treatment specifically targeting IL-13 for adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis".
Moxetumomab pasudotox (CAT-3888) – CAT-3888 (formerly GCR-3888 and BL22) and CAT-8015 (formerly GCR-8015 and HA22) are both anti-CD22 immunotoxins comprising a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin and an anti-CD22 antibody fragment. CAT acquired these two oncology product candidates in November 2005 from Genencor, a subsidiary of Danisco. CAT-8015 is being developed by MedImmune. In Sept 2018 the US FDA approved it (as Lumoxiti) for some cases of relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL).
CAT-5001 (formerly SS1P) – a Pseudomonas exotoxin immunotoxin that targets mesothelin, which is a cell surface glycoprotein present on normal mesothelial cells that is over-expressed in numerous cancers including pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer. CAT-5001 was acquired from Enzon Pharmaceuticals in May 2006.
CAT developed their display technologies further into several patented antibody discovery/functional genomics tools which were named Proximol and ProAb. ProAb was announced in December 1997 and involved high throughput screening of antibody libraries against diseased and non-diseased tissue, whilst Proximol used a free radical enzymatic reaction to label molecules in proximity to a given protein.
In September 1999, it was announced that CAT's Library product and ProAb would each receive Millennium Products status. Of the 4,000 products submitted to the Design Council for these awards, 1,012 were chosen and, to attain Millennium Product status, products had to: open up new opportunities, challenge existing conventions, be environmentally responsible, demonstrate the application of new or existing technology, solve a key problem and show clear user benefits.
Patents
CAT pioneered the application of Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology for the design and development of human monoclonal antibody therapeutics and which was reflected in the breadth of the company's patent portfolio. The Cambridge patent portfolio includes about 40 families of patents, covering both technologies and products.
Three main families of major patents cover Cambridge antibody library and Phage Display technology:
'Winter II' and 'Winter/Huse/Lerner' patents cover Medimmune's processes for generating the collections of human antibody genes that comprise MedImmune Cambridge libraries. MedImmune has patents issued in Europe, South Korea, Japan, Australia and the US and a patent application is pending in Canada. These patents are co-owned by the MRC, The Scripps Research Institute and Stratagene and MedImmune currently has exclusive commercial exploitation rights, subject to certain rights held by the Medical Research Council (MRC), Scripps and Stratagene and their pre-existing licensees.
'McCafferty' covers the process by which human antibodies are displayed on phage (Phage Display) and methods of selecting antibodies to desired targets from libraries. MedImmune has patents issued in Europe, Australia, South Korea and Japan and a patent application is pending in Canada. These patents are co-owned by MedImmune and the MRC.
'Griffiths' covers the use of Phage Display technology to isolate human anti-self' antibodies that specifically bind to molecules found in the human body. CAT has patents issued in Australia, Europe and the US and patent applications are pending in Canada and Japan. This patent is co-owned by MedImmune Cambridge and the MRC.
In 2011 "The High Court of England and Wales has ruled that two patents (EP 0774511 and EP 2055777) owned by MedImmune that describe methods of phage display are invalid because of obviousness."
List of Patents
Patent Dispute with MorphoSys
The German biotechnology company MorphoSys generates human antibodies using its phage display-based 'HuCal' (Human Combinatorial Antibody Library) technology. In the late 1990s both companies found themselves jockeying for strong IP position in the area of therapeutic human antibody generation by way of a specific dispute (details on MorphoSys page).
The long, and protracted, dispute resulted which was eventually settled in late 2002 when some argued the settlement was enforced by an industry cash crunch. The 'delighted' CEO at the time, Peter Chambré, reflected that the deal put an end to the distraction to both parties caused by the litigation.
Publications
Scientists at CAT pioneered the use of phage display such that variable antibody domains could be expressed on filamentous phage antibodies, as reported in a key Nature publication, "Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains".
Other key CAT publications included:
Management and notable people
CAT was founded by David Chiswell MBE and Sir Greg Winter, with major scientific contributions from John McCafferty.
Sir Greg Winter FRS is credited with invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses. Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them. For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.
Dave Chiswell OBE was responsible for operational management of CAT from 1990 to 2002, including time as chief executive officer from 1996 to 2002. Chiswell announced he was standing down from CAT on 26 November 2001. During his time at CAT, Chiswell had established himself as a significant character in the biotechnology business. In 2003, Chiswell became chairman of the BioIndustry Association, and in June 2006 was awarded an OBE for services to the UK Bioscience Industry in the UK and Overseas.
CAT was governed by a board and, latterly, a Scientific Advisory Board. Members included:
César Milstein CH FRS, a Nobel prize-winning biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1984 with Niels Jerne and Georges Köhler.
Sir Aaron Klug OM FRS FMedSci HonFRMS, a Nobel prize-winning laureate, was a British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy. He sat on both the board and the scientific advisory board.
Professor Peter Garland – appointed as a non-executive director in 1990, then became non-executive chairman of the board in 1995. Garland has been the Chief Executive of Institute of Cancer Research, 1989–99 and was a fellow of University College London.
Dr Paul Nicholson – replaced Peter Garland as chairman in 2003. Nicholson was chairman when AstraZeneca bought CAT.
Peter Chambré replaced Dave Chiswell as CEO in early 2002. Chambré had been the CEO of Bespak PLC since May 1994 and, in July 2000, became the chief operating officer of the genomics company Celera. After CAT, Chambré went on to hold a number of positions including Chairman of ApaTech Ltd., and, in September 2006, was appointed non-executive director of BTG plc and Spectrics pls and also advisor to 3i Group plc. As of July 2019, Chambré holds seven board and advisor roles including Chairman of the Board of Directors at immatics biotechnologies, Chairman of the Board of Directors at Cancer Research Technology, and Member of the Board of Directors at Spectris plc.
John McCafferty developed much of the phage display technology used by CAT. McCafferty left CAT to start a group at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute where, as part of the ATLAS project, his group demonstrated the potential for large-scale high-throughput generation and validation of monoclonal antibodies. This work built on CAT's ProAb technology. McCafferty founded a new therapeutic antibody discovery biotechnology company, IONTAS Ltd. In 2018, McCafferty's 1990 phage research paper was cited by the Nobel committee when awarding the chemistry prize to Sir Gregory Winter, George Smith and Frances Arnold.
Kevin Johnson joined CAT in 1990, contributed to the discovery of D2E7, played a key role in CAT's initial public offering (IPO) and, by July 1997, was appointed to the Board as Research Director. In 2000, Johnson became Chief Technology Officer responsible for exploitation and development of CAT's technology platforms. In November 2002, CAT announced its intention to seek independent financing for its development of the application of antibodies on microarrays for personalised medicine, as this fell outside CAT's focus on therapeutic antibodies and Johnson positively spearheaded this push. In the event it was not possible to procure finance for this activity and, as a result, microarray activity at CAT was terminated. Johnson is currently a partner at medicxi, a venture capital firm focused on life sciences investments based on the asset-centric approach to investing. He was formerly with Index Ventures, having joined the venture capital firm in 2010.
Jane Osbourn OBE joined CAT as a senior scientist in 1993. Osbourn was a co-author of several, high-impact publications to come out of CAT. When merged with MedImmune, after the acquisition by AstraZeneca, Osbourn became the site leader of MedImmune Cambridge. Osbourn went on to chair the UK's BioIndustry Association in 2015 and, in 2019, was awarded the Order of the British Empire medal for services to "Human Monoclonal Antibody Drug Research and Development and Biotechnology".
Awards
CAT's most significant award was the Prix Galien, awarded for outstanding achievement in product and technology development, in recognition of its creativity in the development of novel human monoclonal antibody therapeutics especially in relation to its product CAT-152, which was used to treat fibrotic scarring in certain ophthalmology conditions.
See also
Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom
References
Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2007
British companies established in 1989
Companies based in Cambridge
Pharmaceutical companies of England
$
AstraZeneca
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
1989 establishments in England |
20467434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20DePaul | Steven DePaul | Steven DePaul is an American television director and producer. He has directed multiple episodes of "The Good Doctor", "The Gifted", Shades of Blue, NCIS-LA, CSI-NY, GRIMM, The Unit, Bones, as well as many episodes of one-hour dramatic television (updated list IMDB). He was a longstanding producer and director on NYPD Blue. In his capacity as producer of NYPD Blue he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1995. He was also nominated for NYPD Blue on five other occasions (in 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999). Also wonGolden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama in 1993, and a George F. Peabody for "Raging Bulls" (Season 6, episode 8), an episode he directed for NYPD Blue.
DePaul was born in Washington Heights, NY. He is the son of Michael DePaola, (SSGT World War II in North Africa and Italy. Purple heart, BSM) who was a union organizer (District 65) and a bartender. His mother, Hermione (Billie), was a school teacher and librarian. Brother of David DePaul (1948-1969). Steven enrolled at Clark University, where he majored in English graduating in Dec. 1972. He was involved in booking artists to play concerts on campus and at the Clark Coffeehouse. Upon graduation, DePaul began working on Rock & Roll tours, first working as a roadie for Poco ('73-74). He spent the next 15 years touring with bands including Joni Mitchell, The Eagles, The Grateful Dead, Dan Fogelberg, Crosby, Stills and Nash, Boston, The Cars and The Faces. This career ended with a long stint, ('84-'92) with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, including the "Born in the USA" tour and the worldwide Amnesty International "Human Rights Now!" tour. DePaul then moved to Los Angeles to work for producer Steven Bochco on shows including Cop Rock, Civil Wars and NYPD Blue. He worked on NYPD Blue for 11 years, during which he directed multiple episodes. In 2004, he left NYPD Blue and became a freelance director, the position he currently holds. He has travelled extensively on six continents.
Filmography
Producer
Director
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20100610161232/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/winners/winners_book.php
http://articles.latimes.com/1995-07-21/entertainment/ca-26201_1_emmy-award-nominations
External links
American television directors
Television producers from New York City
Clark University alumni
Living people
People from Washington Heights, Manhattan
1952 births
Film directors from New York City |
17334869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cressie | Cressie | In Canadian folklore, Cressie is the nickname given to an eel-like lake monster said to reside in Crescent Lake, Robert's Arm, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The name is a portmanteau of Crescent Lake and Nessie, the nickname given to the Loch Ness Monster. The monster has been described as resembling a large dark brown eel around 15 feet in length with a long, sleek body and as "looking long and shiny, and having a fish-like head." Claims of Cressie being sighted began in the 1950s, and continue to the present day.
History
Though there are reported sightings of Cressie as early as the 1950s, some have linked the legends to earlier Indigenous legends of the woodum haoot ("pond devil") or haoot tuwedyee ("swimming demon"), however others caution that this attribution has seemingly been copied from source to source without any verification of its connection to Cressie or the area of Newfoundland and Labrador in which Cressie is found.
There have been no photographs of Cressie, and all information relies on local oral history. According to local folklore, an elderly resident of Robert's Arm known as Grandmother Anthony was startled while berry-picking by a giant serpent in the lake. In one of the earliest dated sightings in the 1950s, two woodsmen were on the shores of the lake when they noticed an upturned boat, and fearing for its occupants, they hurried towards it. However, as they approached, the boat turned out to be something large and slick which slipped below the waters of the lake.
A local resident reported a slim, black shape rise five feet from a patch of churning water before sinking out of sight, in early spring 1990.
On July 9, 1991, Fred Parsons and his wife reported seeing a large snakelike creature swimming in Crescent Lake. He described it as a long, sleek body without a significantly large head, which was laying level with the water. In September of that same year, a resident of Robert's Arm was returning to town when he noticed a disturbance on the surface of the lake. As he watched, the object dropped beneath the surface and then rose again. He described it as "a black, fifteen foot long shape pitching forward in a rolling motion much as a whale does but with no sign of a fin." It sank out of sight and did not reappear.
There were several sightings in 1995, and a summer student crew working on the boardwalk along the lake spotted the monster in 2000.
During the summer of 2003, several town residents say they saw the creature swimming after at least a year with no reports, which had led some residents to speculate whether Cressie had died. In these reports, Cressie was said to resemble a snake-like creature with a fish-like head:A passenger in a passing car shrieked at the driver as she looked out towards the lake and watched as the monster surfaced, its skin shiny and slick under the summer sun. Both watched water pour from the monster's gaping mouth. It was about 20 feet in length and swam silently across the top of the lake before diving down into the cool depths once more.There are other reports that divers from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police have allegedly described seeing "giant eels as thick as a man's thigh" in the lake while investigating a drowning death. According to reports, scuba divers conducting an underwater search for the body of a downed pilot in the mid-80s found themselves surrounded by a school of vicious gigantic eels, though they were able to escape, leading some to believe that perhaps these eels were Cressie's babies.
In the winter, large holes often appear in the ice that covers Crescent Lake, leading some to speculate that the holes were created not by something falling into the lake, but by something bursting through the ice.
Explanations
According to skeptics there are several natural occurrences that can explain "Cressie" sightings.Giant eels have been touted as one of the most likely candidates. Several Robert's Arm residents offer as evidence of the eel hypothesis previous sightings of giant eels, and high numbers of eels appearing in eel traps in the lake. In an article from 1993 called Have You Seen Cressie?, author R.A. Bragg suggests that eels do not stop growing during their lifetime, and perhaps this is the cause of Cressie's size.
Others, such as skeptical investigator Joe Nickell speculate that perhaps the dark-colored northern river otter is responsible. He claims the river otter"swims both under water and at the surface where its wake can make it appear much longer, and moves in an undulating (rising and falling) manner...In addition, multiple otters swimming in a line can give the effect of a single giant serpentine creature slithering with an up-and-down movement through water".Still others suggest that Cressie is not a living creature at all, but instead a large log. The bottom of Crescent Lake is reported to be covered in wooden logs from when logging took place in the community. For decades, Crescent Lake was used to transport more than half a million cords of pulpwood that was harvested from the surrounding areas and shipped to paper mills. Some speculate that bubbles of gas from the decomposing wood lifts these logs to the surface of the lake.
Tourism and popular culture
In 1991, the town of Robert's Arm erected a statue of Cressie at the entrance to the community, along with a storyboard which describes the alleged sightings. This statue greets tourists to the area, and is depicted with distinctly dragonlike features including green scales, a row of plates along its back, and fearsome teeth. The statue and signs have been part of a deliberate attempt by the community to promote the monster in hopes of boosting tourism and the local economy:In 1992 Roberts Arm was the principal supply and service centre for communities on several nearby islands. However, the town's major source of employment — cutting pulpwood for local contractors — was in crisis, after having been in decline for some years. It was also hoped that the community would benefit from efforts to promote tourism along the "Beothuk Trail". Perhaps this hope is strengthened by the old, local tradition that a 'monster', named Cressie, inhabits Crescent Lake.
A local gas station is named "Cressie's Gas Bar & Supplies." A 2012 newspaper article promoting local hiking spots used the monster as a potential attraction for hikers:The area is blazing with color in the fall when the birches, aspens and maples are changing colour. If you are lucky maybe you will even catch a glimpse of 'cressie', the lake monster that lurks beneath the waters of Crescent Lake.
Cressie has featured in several of Robert's Arm's Come Home Year celebrations. The 1995 Come Home Year commemorative book includes several poems which refer to Cressie, including this passage by Jim Payne:"I suppose you've heard of Cressie the monster in the lake
If you get too handy she'll give her tail a shake
She'll set you boat a-rocking and you won't believe your eyes
And people will make fun of you and say you're telling lies"In May 2008, local media reported that a production company from Montreal would travel to Robert's Arm to produce a show for the History Channel. On 17 September 2008, History Channel’s Monster Quest broadcast an episode entitled “Lake Monsters of the North,” which focused on the legends of the monster eels in the lake.
In October 2019, a group exhibition entitled “Crafted Beasts” opened at the Craft Council of NL Gallery in St. John's, which examined provincial, indigenous, and Western European folklore, and which "started from the desire to see the transformation of traditional beliefs, customs and stories that have been passed through word of mouth, into a physical object." The show included a sculpture inspired by tales of the lake monster:For “Cressie,” Michael Harlick combined forged metal and found bone to build a spooky sculpture one certainly would not want to encounter in the deep, dark waters.
References
Canadian folklore
Canadian legendary creatures
Water monsters
Culture of Newfoundland and Labrador |
17334913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNU | BNU | BNU may refer to:
BNU (software), a communications driver.
Banco Nacional Ultramarino, a Portuguese and Macanese bank
Beaconhouse National University, Lahore
Beijing Normal University, a university in Beijing, China
Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, public library in Strasbourg
Brooklyn Northern United AFC, a New Zealand football team
Buckinghamshire New University, a university in Buckinghamshire, England
Bengaluru North University, a university in Karnataka, India |
17334928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghukasyan | Ghukasyan | Ghukasyan () ) is an Armenian surname, meaning 'son of Ghukas', the Armenian equivalent of Luke. In Russia, Azerbaijan and other countries some holders of this surname changed to Gukasov ().
Known people with the name Ghukasyan:
Arkadi Ghukasyan (born 1957), the second president of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Arshak Ter-Gukasov (1819–1881), the Yerevan Forces commander of Russia's army during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
Siranush Ghukasyan (born 1998), Armenian chess master
Voroshil Gukasyan (1932–1986), the Soviet linguist
Hovhannes Ghukasyan (1822–1882), Polish-Armenian pharmacist and a petroleum industry pioneer. One of his main achievements is inventing the modern kerosene lamps.
Armenian-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names |
23574423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Career
Boyer received a B.A. in economics and history from the College of William and Mary in 1976 and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin in 1982.
Boyer has been a faculty member in Cornell University's School of Industrial and Labor Relations since 1982. He has also been a visiting professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Essex.
Boyer is associate editor of the Industrial and Labor Relations Review and has been a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Economic History and of Social Science History.
Research on the English Poor Laws
Boyer is arguably best known for his extensive research on the English poor laws, culminating in his 1990 book, An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750-1850 (published by Cambridge University Press).
Using tools and concepts from economics, Boyer explores in his book the political motivation for the adoption of poor laws in 18th century England, the geographic variation in poor relief administered during that period, and the demographic impacts of these laws. The book challenges many previously held beliefs about poor laws, and argues that the adoption of such laws was a rational response to changing conditions in agricultural England at the time.
In a review of the book published in the Journal of Economic Literature, Martha Olney observes that "Boyer follows the methodological precepts of what has long since stopped being the "new" economic history: explicit theorizing subjected to empirical testing with historical data" (page 1535). While Olney cautions that "it is unclear whether his results will stand up to the poking and prodding his models' assumptions call for" (page 1535-1536), she nonetheless argues that "Boyer has written a commendable book" (page 1535) and that "any student of contemporary or historical systems of poor relief is well advised to place this book near the top of her required reading" (page 1536).
In another review of the book published in the American Journal of Legal History, James W. Ely, Jr. notes that, "In his carefully reasoned monograph, George R. Boyer provides an economic assessment of the poor laws before 1834 and offers an revisionist account of relief policy" (page 340). While Ely highlights some shortcomings in the text, he concludes that "Boyer has authored a provocative work which contributes to the rich literature on the English poor laws. His economic analysis will be helpful to the study of English poor relief policies" (page 342).
In addition to his book on the subject, Boyer has written articles on various aspects of English poor relief in economics and history journals including the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Economic History, and Explorations in Economic History.
In more recent work, Boyer is exploring the evolution of social welfare policies in the UK in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Works
Books
An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750–1850, Cambridge University Press (1990) [Held in 528 libraries according to WorldCat].
Selected peer-reviewed journal articles
"The Trade Boards Act of 1909 and the Alleviation of Household Poverty" (with Jessica S. Bean), British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 47, no. 2 (2009): pp. 240–264.
"Poverty Among the Elderly in Late Victorian England" (with T. P. Schmidle), Economic History Review, vol. 62, no. 2 (2009): pp. 249–278.
"Unemployment and the UK Labour Market Before, During and After the Golden Age" (with Timothy J. Hatton), European Review of Economic History, vol. 9, no. 1 (2005): pp. 35–60.
"The Evolution of Unemployment Relief in Great Britain," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 34, no. 3 (2004): pp. 393–433.
"New Estimates of British Unemployment, 1870-1913" (with Timothy J. Hatton), Journal of Economic History, vol. 62, no. 3: pp. 643–675.
"The Development of the Neoclassical Tradition in Labor Economics" (with Robert S. Smith), Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 54, no. 2 (2001): pp. 199–223.
"The Historical Background of the Communist Manifesto," Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 4 (1998): pp. 151–174.
"The Influence of London on Labor Markets in Southern England, 1830-1914," Social Science History, vol. 22, no. 3, (1998): pp. 257–285.
"Migration and Labour Market Integration in Late Nineteenth-Century England and Wales" (with Timothy J. Hatton), Economic History Review, vol. 50, no. 4 (1997): pp. 697–734.
"Poor Relief, Informal Assistance, and Short Time During the Lancashire Cotton Famine," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 34, no. 1 (1997): pp. 56–76.
"Labour Migration in Southern and Eastern England, 1861-1901" European Review of Economic History, vol. 1, no. 2 (1997): pp. 191–215.
"The Union Wage Effect in Late Nineteenth Century Britain" (with Timothy J. Hatton and Roy Bailey), Economica, vol. 61, no. 4 (1994): pp. 435–446.
"Malthus Was Right After All: Poor Relief and Birth Rates in Southeastern England," Journal of Political Economy, vol. 97, no. 1 (1989): pp. 93–114.
"What Did Unions Do in Nineteenth Century Britain?," Journal of Economic History, vol. 48, no. 2 (1988): pp. 319–332.
"The Poor Law, Migration, and Economic Growth" Journal of Economic History, vol. 46, no. 2 (1986): pp. 419–430.
"An Economic Model of the English Poor Law Circa 1780-1834," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 22, no. 2 (1985): pp. 129–167.
References
Cornell University faculty
21st-century American economists
College of William & Mary alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
1950s births
Living people |
6900608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20festivals%20in%20Lethbridge | List of festivals in Lethbridge | The following is a list of festivals and cultural events in Lethbridge, a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. This list includes festivals of diverse types, including regional festivals, commerce festivals, fairs, food festivals, arts festivals, religious festivals, folk festivals, and recurring festivals on holidays.
Festivals by season
Winter
Family Fest (December 31)
Carnevale di Masque (January)
Figure Skating Carnival (February)
Winterfest (February)
Spring
Spring Nature Fest (March)
Kiwanis Music Festival (April)
Lethbridge International Film Festival (April)
Summer
Nature Play Day (June)
Nishikaze Anime Festival (June)
Multicultural Day (last Friday in June)
SOAR Emerging Artists Festival (June)
Centric MusicFest (July)
Street Wheelers (July)
Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival (July)
Heritage Day (first Monday in August)
Whoop-Up Days (August)
Lethbridge Electronic Music Festival (August)
Alberta International Air Show (August)
Autumn
Love & Records (September)
Lethbridge Arts Days (September/October)
Word on the Street Festival (September)
Bright Lights Festival (November)
See also
List of festivals in Alberta
List of festivals in Canada
References
External links
Official city site - Lethbridge events
and
Festivals
Lethrbridge |
17334931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1muel%20Brassai | Sámuel Brassai | Sámuel Brassai (15 June 1797 – 24 June 1897) was a Hungarian linguist and teacher sometimes called "The Last Transylvanian Polymath." In addition to being a linguist and pedagogue he was also a natural scientist, mathematician, musician, philosopher, essay writer, and a regular member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is perhaps best known for teaching methods.
Notes
References
É. Kiss, Katalin. 2008. A Pioneering Theory Of Information Structure. Acta Linguistica Hungarica, Vol. 55 (1–2), pp. 23–40.
External links
1797 births
1897 deaths
Hungarian centenarians
Men centenarians
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
People from Alba County
Rectors of the Franz Joseph University |
23574428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services.
Extent
The division covers the northern part of the town of Horsham.
It comprises the following Horsham District wards: Holbrook East Ward and Holbrook West Ward; and of the following civil parishes: the western part of North Horsham and the northern part of Horsham.
Election results
2013 Election
Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:
2009 Election
Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:
2005 Election
Results of the election held on 5 May 2005:
References
Election Results - West Sussex County Council
External links
West Sussex County Council
Election Maps
Electoral Divisions of West Sussex |
23574433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen%20Sussman | Jen Sussman | Jen Sussman (born 8 August 1937, Nanking, China – died 8 August 2002, Vero Beach, Florida), was an artist, graphic designer and children's book illustrator.
Sussman worked as graphic designer for Time Life Books, Raymond Loewy (Paris) and George Nelson & Company (New York). She was also proprietor of her own design firm, Jen Sussman Holdings Ltd, whose clients included Gillette and Pantone.
She created the children's character Muggy based on her own pug. Muggy was briefly the Mascot of the Los Angeles Children's Museum, portrayed on the museum's official poster and other items.
In 1985 she created the artwork for a series of books for children, written by her husband Barth Jules Sussman, and initially sold through the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the Book of the Month Club, and in 1997, the artwork for a Muggy CD-based Coloring Book.
Books
Muggy Au Cirque: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
Muggy Recontre Bibi: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
La Journee de Muggy: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
Muggy: CD-ROM Coloring Book for Children – Muggy Press
EPUB picture books:
Muggy the Happy Pug – A Lovely Day
Muggy the Happy Pug – Muggy Meets Bibi
Muggy the Happy Pug – Muggy Goes to the Circus
References
1937 births
2002 deaths
American illustrators |
20467439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebensphilosophie | Lebensphilosophie | (; meaning 'philosophy of life') was a dominant philosophical movement of German-speaking countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had developed out of German Romanticism. emphasised the meaning, value and purpose of life as the foremost focus of philosophy.
Its central theme was that an understanding of life can only be apprehended by life itself, and from within itself. Drawing on the critiques of epistemology offered by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, notable ideas of the movement have been seen as precursors to both Husserlian phenomenology and Heideggerian existential phenomenology. criticised both mechanistic and materialist approaches to science and philosophy and as such has also been referred to as the German vitalist movement, though its relationship to biological vitalism is questionable. Vitality in this sense is instead understood as part of a biocentric distinction between life-affirming and life-denying principles.
Overview
Inspired by the critique of rationalism in the works of Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche, emerged in 19th-century Germany as a reaction to the rise of positivism and the theoretical focus prominent in much of post-Kantian philosophy. While often rejected by academic philosophers, it had strong repercussions in the arts.
The movement bore indirect relation to the subjectivist philosophy of vitalism developed by Henri Bergson, which lent importance to immediacy of experience.
Twentieth-century forms of can be identified with a critical stress on norms and conventions. The Israeli-American historian Nitzan Lebovic identified with the tight relation between a "corpus of life-concepts" and what the German education system came to see, during the 1920s, as the proper Lebenskunde, the 'teaching of life' or 'science of life'—a name that seemed to support the broader philosophical outlook long held by most biologists of the time. In his book Lebovic traces the transformation of the post-Nietzschean from the radical aesthetics of the Stefan George Circle to Nazi or "biopolitical" rhetoric and politics.
This philosophy pays special attention to life as a whole, which can only be understood from within. The movement can be regarded as a rejection of Kantian abstract philosophy or scientific reductionism of positivism.
List of notable theorists
See also
German Idealism, an antecedent philosophical movement to
German Romanticism, an antecedent intellectual movement to
People indirectly associated with the Lebensphilosophie movement
Henri Bergson, notable for his studies of immediate experience
Hannah Arendt, notable for her distinction between vita activa and vita contemplativa
Pierre Hadot, notable for his conception of ancient Greek philosophy as a bios or way of life
Giorgio Agamben, notable for his zoe–bios distinction
References
Philosophical movements
German philosophy
Philosophy of life
Criticism of rationalism |
17334941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon%20Patton | Brandon Patton | Brandon Patton is an American game designer and musician.
Games
Game Design
Super PACS: The Game of Politics About the Game of Politics (2016, TableTip Games)
Healing Blade: Defenders of Soma (2016, Nerdcore Medical)
Occam's Razor: The Diagnostician's Dilemma (2013, Nerdcore Medical)
Music
Awards
Winner of the Vox Populi for Best Story Song of 2009 (for "Mixed-Up Modern Family") by the 9th Annual Independent Music Awards,
2009 Finalist in the USA Songwriting Competition in the Rock / Alternative category.
Featured on NPR's song of the day Oct. 8, 2009.
"Top Music Artist" at the 2005 Temecula Film and Music Festival.
The album Should Confusion was a finalist for "Album of the Year" in the 2004 Independent Music Awards.
Finalist in the 2004 Newport Folk Festival New Talent Showcase.
Solo albums
How I Allegedly Bit a Man in Gloucestershire (2011)
Underhill Downs (2009)
Should Confusion (2004)
Nocturnal (1997)
Other albums
Jukebox Stories, The Official Bootleg (2008)
three against four, Hey Sparkle Eyes (2002)
three against four, Some of Us Are Here (1998)
Compilations featuring Patton
Nerdcore Rising: Music From the Motion Picture (2008)
Indie Pop Cares A lot (2005)
Temecula Valley International Film & Music Festival 2005 Compilation (2005)
The WSVNRadio Hall of Fame, Vol. 14 (2004)
Oasis Acoustic Vol. 47 (2004) note: due to a printing error, he is listed only as Brandon
Music festival appearances
SXSW Music Festival (2012)
Truck America (2010)
Heart of Texas Quadruple Bypass Music Festival (2008)
Newport Folk Festival New Talent Showcase (2005)
Temecula Film and Music Festival (2005)
NXNE Toronto (2005)
Musical groups
MC Frontalot (2006–present)
Futureboy
Jonathan Coulton
The Famous
MC Lars
Steve Songs
Solea
three against four (1997-2000)
Theater and film
Theater
Jukebox Stories 3: The Secrets of Forking (2013, performer)
Jukebox Stories 2: The Case of the Creamy Foam (2008, performer)
Love Sucks! A Punk Rock Musical (2007, composer)
Jukebox Stories (2006,2007, performer)
The AtrainPlays (2005–2007, composer)
Young Zombies in Love (2004, bassist)
Film
Remedy (2013) background music
The Muslims Are Coming (2012) background music
Nerdcore Rising (2008) as himself
References
External links
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
American multi-instrumentalists
Living people
Wesleyan University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23574438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20Statistics%20of%20the%20United%20States | Historical Statistics of the United States | Historical Statistics of the United States (HSUS) is a compendium of statistics about United States. Published by the United States Census Bureau until 1975, it is now published by Cambridge University Press.
The last free version, the Bicentennial Edition, appeared in two volumes in 1975 and is now available online.
The current commercial version deals with Population, Work and Welfare, Economic Structure and Performance, Economic Sectors and Governance & International Relations, respectively, in five volumes.
The fully searchable and downloadable electronic edition was developed by Data Software Research Company (DSRC) for Cambridge University Press.
References
External links
The last free edition, available from the US Census Bureau
Online Edition
United States Census Bureau
Cambridge University Press books |
20467454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverich%20Park | Leverich Park | Leverich Park is a park located in Vancouver, Washington. It is located along Burnt Bridge Creek in a natural area of Vancouver adjacent to Interstate 5. The park features a large picnic shelter, picnic tables, plenty of hiking trails and a twelve-hole Disc golf course.
History
The park is north of 39th St., E. of Pacific Highway, and the state of Washington's oldest Blue Star Memorial Highway marker and L-shaped area of about 33 ½ acres, lying partly within and just north of the city limits, was deeded to the city for park purposes by Mrs. Anna Leverich. It was established as a municipal park in 1931 and in the same year an obelisk was erected and a Douglas fir planted by the bicentennial celebration of George Washington’s birth. In accordance with the terms of the deed, the natural environment of the area has been preserved as much as possible. Burnt Bridge Creek, branching out among low hills and small groves of native firs, deciduous trees, and occasional cedars, gives the park a truly sylvan charm. The construction of Interstate 5 through Vancouver split the park separating the Covington House historic cabin and Kiggins Bowl from the rest of the park.
Disc Golf
In 2008 a twelve-hole disc golf course was added to the park. The course was the result of a cooperative effort between Vancouver-Clark Parks and Recreation, Vancouver-Clark Disc Golf and Stumptown Disc Golf.
Sources
[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20090228151059/http://www.ci.vancouver.wa.us/parks-recreation/parks_trails/parks/central_vancouver/leverich.htm
[2] http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM39AP
[3] http://www.vcdg.org/courses/leverich
Parks in Washington (state)
Disc golf courses in Washington
Parks in Clark County, Washington
Geography of Vancouver, Washington
Tourist attractions in Vancouver, Washington |
23574439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20variegata | Tolumnia variegata | Tolumnia variegata, the harlequin dancing-lady orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the Caribbean. It is the most widespread species of the genus, ranging from the Virgin Islands in the eastern Caribbean westward to Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba and the Cayman Islands. Plants occur mostly on small branches of shrubs and small trees, often in secondary habitats, in dry to wet regions from near sea level to 800 m elevation. It is not found in Jamaica.
References
External links
variegata |
20467488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Rogers | Jay Rogers | Jay Lewis Rogers (August 3, 1888 to July 1, 1964) was a Major League Baseball catcher. Rogers played for the New York Yankees in the season. In five games, he had no hits in 8 at-bats, playing catcher.
He batted and threw right-handed.
He was born in Sandusky, New York and died in Carlisle, New York.
External links
1888 births
1964 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Baseball players from New York (state)
New York Yankees players
Richmond Colts players |
17334966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-dependent%20neutral%20amino%20acid%20transporter%20B%280%29AT1 | Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 | Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A19 gene.
Function
SLC6A19 is a system B(0) transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane in the kidney and intestine.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the SLC6A19 gene cause Hartnup disease.
References
Further reading
Solute carrier family |
20467501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratostoma%20foliatum | Ceratostoma foliatum | Ceratostoma foliatum is a species of medium to large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails.
This species lives in the Eastern Pacific.
References
Muricidae
Gastropods described in 1791
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin |
23574442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located.
Location
Lyantonde District is bordered by Sembabule District to the north and northeast, Lwengo District to the east, Rakai District to the south, and Kiruhura District to the west. The 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, is located approximately , by road, west of the city of Masaka, the largest metropolitan area in the sub-region. The coordinates of the district are: 00 25S, 31 10E.
History
The district is composed on one county, Kabula County. Prior to 2007, Kabula County was part of Rakai District. In 2007, the county was split off of Rakai District and given autonomous district status.
Population
In 1991, the national population census estimated the population of the district at about 53,100. During the next census in 2002, the population of Lyantonde District was estimated at about 66,000 with an annual population growth rate of 1.9%. In 2012 the district population was estimated at about 80,200.
Economic activities
Agriculture being the major source of livelihood for the population in Lyantonde District. A variety of crops are grown in the district, both for subsistence and economic purposes. The crops grown include:
Cattle are the main livestock kept by farmers in Lyantonde. It is estimated that there are 83,700 of cattle in the District. Other animals that are raised include goats, sheep, pigs and poultry.
Community health
The district has a heavy disease burden. The most prevalent challenges include:
See also
Lyantonde
Central Region, Uganda
Districts of Uganda
References
External links
Lyantonde District Has One Hospital
Districts of Uganda
Central Region, Uganda |
23574463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Your%20Colors | Show Your Colors | Show Your Colors is the fourth studio album by Finnish metal band Amoral.
Background
Amoral's fourth studio album was announced in November 2008 when the band announced Ari Koivunen as their new front man. On January 21, their first single was put up the band's MySpace account. The first single is entitled Year of the Suckerpunch and the song is clearly distinctive from any of Amoral's previous material, and is built around Ari's higher pitched, clean, melodic voice, as opposed to former vocalist Niko Kalliojärvi's growling death metal vocals. The album was released May 6, 2009.
Track listing
Personnel
Amoral
Ari Koivunen - vocals, backing vocals
Ben Varon - guitar
Silver Ots - guitar
Juhana Karlsson - drums
Pekka Johansson - bass
Additional
Janne Saksa - recording, producing, backing vocals
Svante Forsbäck- mastering
Mika Latvala - piano (10)
Release history
References
External links
Amoral's official website
Spinefarm Records website
Amoral´s MySpace Page
Amoral Street Teams´s MySpace Page
Amoral´s Youtube videos
2009 albums
Amoral (band) albums |
23574464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars.
History of the shrine
The foundation of the shrine originates from an image of the Virgin Mary carried in by the sea and found at the foot of an elm after a fierce storm. At that time the site was part of the mainland; the Grado Lagoon was formed between the 5th and 7th centuries.
From the foundation to around 1000, Barbana became an island and the shrine was served by a community of monks unique to the island, called the Barbitani. The original church was destroyed by floods and rebuilt. The image of Mary, too, was lost and in the 11th century was replaced by a wooden statue known as the Madonna mora. This Black Madonna is now housed in the Domus Mariae (House of Mary), a chapel near the main church.
In the 11th century, the care of the shrine was entrusted to Benedictine monks, who served there until the 15th century. They were succeeded by a Franciscan community who built a new church in the 18th century.
Art and architecture
The modern church was built in the Romanesque style at the beginning of the 20th century. Ancient remains include two Roman columns from the first church, and a 10th-century relief portraying Jesus. The crowned statue of Mary dates from the 15th century, while the 17th century is represented by several altars and paintings, including one from the school of Tintoretto.
In the wood near the church a small chapel (the Cappella dell'apparizione) was built in 1854 in the place where the original image of Mary was found.
The baptismal font of the church is supported by a figure of the Devil, sculpted in red marble. It is the work of Claudio Granzotto, a Franciscan friar and noted religious artist of the mid-20th century. He has been beatified by the Catholic Church and is being considered for canonization.
Pilgrimages
Barbana is the destination of many pilgrimages, the most famous being the Perdon de Barbana which is held each July to celebrate the end of a visitation of the plague in Grado in 1237.
See also
List of islands of Italy
Grado
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
References
‘Barbana’, Frati Minori del Veneto e Friuli.
Islands of the Adriatic Sea
Catholic pilgrimage sites
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Churches in the province of Gorizia
Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
23574472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Atlantic%20%26%20Pacific%20Tea%20Co.%20v.%20Supermarket%20Equipment%20Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge.
Background
Patent number 2,242,408 ("the Turnham patent") claimed the invention of a cashier's counter equipped with a three-sided frame with no top or bottom which, when pushed or pulled, moved groceries deposited in it by a customer to the clerk and left them there when pushed back to repeat the operation.
The district court found that, although each element of the device was known to prior art, a counter with an extension to receive a self-unloading tray with which to push the contents of the tray in front of the cashier was a novel feature and constituted a new and useful combination. The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's decision. Both courts found that every element claimed in the Turnham patent was known to prior art, except the extension of the counter.
Supreme Court decision
The Supreme Court disagreed with the lower courts' conclusion that the extension of the counter constituted an invention because (1) the extension was not mentioned in the claim, (2) an invention cannot be found in a mere elongation of a merchant's counter, and (3) the Turnham patent overclaimed the invention by including old elements, unless together with its other old elements, the extension made up a new patentable combination. The Court explained that the key to the patentability of a mechanical device that brings old factors into cooperation is the presence or lack of invention: "[O]nly when the whole in some way exceeds the sum of its parts is the accumulation of old devices patentable." The Court concluded that the invention claimed by the Turnham patent lacked any "unusual or surprising consequences" from the combination of old elements.
The Court added that patents are intended to add to the sum of useful knowledge, and they cannot be sustained when their effect is to subtract from resources freely available. The Court also emphasized that commercial success without invention is not sufficient for purposes of patentability.
Concurrence
In his concurrence, Justice Douglas stated that to be patentable, an invention must push back the frontiers of science. In his view, the Patent Office took advantage of the opportunity to expand its own jurisdiction and granted patents to inventions that had no place in the constitutional scheme of advancing scientific knowledge.
References
External links
1950 in United States case law
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company
United States patent case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court
Retail point of sale systems |
23574473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University.
Early life
Born at the High Street in Brecon, Olive Wheeler was the younger daughter of Annie Wheeler, Poole, and her husband, Henry Burford Wheeler. Henry Wheeler was a master printer and publisher. She attended Brecon County School for Girls. She received an Honours Central Welsh Board Certificate in 1904. She attended University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and graduated with a BSc in Chemistry in 1907, and a MSc in 1911. At Aberystwyth she was elected president of the Students' Representative Council. In 1908 she was awarded a double first in a Secondary Teachers Certificate, University of Wales.
Wheeler completed a DSc (Doctor of Science) in Psychology at Bedford College, London (now part of Royal Holloway, University of London) in 1916. She enrolled for the DSc in the Michaelmas term of 1911 at the age of twenty five. Her mother, Annie Wheeler, was a signatory on the form (her father was already dead), along with A. H. Lewis, a Baptist Minister in Brecon, and Uma Wright, Secretary to Brecon Gas Company.
Career
Her first teaching appointment was as lecturer in mental and moral science at Cheltenham Ladies College. She was later appointed to a lectureship in education at the University of Manchester, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Education. In 1921 she applied for the Chair in Education at Swansea University College. Wheeler stood as the Labour candidate for the University of Wales parliamentary constituency in the 1922 general election against Thomas Arthur Lewis. She was President of the Aberystwyth Old Students' Association in 1923–24.
Wheeler was appointed as Professor of Education (Women) at University College at Cardiff in 1925, as well as (temporarily) the Dean of the Faculty of Education. She was the first female head of department in the University of Wales. Her title was officially changed to Professor of Education in 1933. In 1947 she became chairperson of the Welsh Advisory Council on Youth Employment and chairman of the South Wales District of the Workers Education Association.
Wheeler was a fellow of the British Psychological Society. Three years after her retirement in 1951 she went to Canada on a lecture tour.
Damehood
She was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1950 New Year Honours for education and social work in Wales, particularly for her work with the University of Wales, the Workers’ Educational Association and the Welsh Joint Education Committee.
Death
She died suddenly in the Kardomah Café in Queen Street, Cardiff on 26 September 1963. In her will she left £27,434. She bequeathed her library of educational materials to Cardiff University, as well as funds to create an annual prize of £500 () to be awarded to the university's top student in the department of education. She left £250 to the South Wales District of the Workers' Educational Association and Park End Presbyterian Church, Cardiff.
Affiliations
Fellow, University of Wales
Bibliography
second edition, 1937.
References
1886 births
1963 deaths
Academics of the University of Manchester
British women academics
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Academics of Cardiff University
People from Brecon
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Welsh educational theorists
British psychologists
Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth Old Students' Association
20th-century psychologists |
20467561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femi%20Orenuga | Femi Orenuga | Kenny Oluwafemi Gbolahan Ademola "Femi" Orenuga (born 18 March 1993) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder.
Career
Southend United
Born in Lewisham, London, Orenuga joined Southend United in 2006 after he impressed the club following his recommendation by an agent.
Not long after joining the club he helped Southend win the Norhalne Cup in Denmark, attracting interest from FC Copenhagen and Brøndby in the process. He became the youngest player to appear for Southend United when he came on as a 93rd-minute substitute in their 3–1 victory over Luton Town in the FA Cup second round on 29 November 2008.
Everton
In March 2009, Orenuga agreed to sign for Premier League team Everton on 1 July for an undisclosed fee believed to be £30,000, increasing based on first team appearances. He joined on a two-year academy scholarship.
He was released from the club on 18 May 2012.
Loan to Notts County
On 21 October 2011, it was confirmed by Notts County that Orenuga had joined on a month-long loan deal.
Sweden
On 9 November 2012 joined to Sweden and signed a two-year contract with AFC United.
Whitehawk
Following an unsuccessful trial with Crewe Alexandra earlier in the summer, Orenuga played for Northern Premier League First Division South side Carlton Town in pre-season as well as for Dagenham & Redbridge before signing for Whitehawk in August 2014. He left the club having appeared just once in September.
Norway
In September 2014, after a trial with the club, he signed for Norwegian second division side Raufoss. He featured for their first team four times, and three times for the reserves.
Back in England
He joined Gloucester City for the first time in January 2015, and played his part in the run-in towards the end of the 2014–15 season. He started the 2015–16 season at Enfield Town, before re-joining Gloucester City in October 2015. On 5 February 2016 he signed for Wealdstone, and on 19 March 2016 he joined Bedford Town on dual registration terms. On 16 May 2016 he signed a one-year deal with Corby Town.
He moved on to Farnborough, signing for them on 24 November 2016, however the spell was short-lived as he re-joined Bedford Town in December 2016.
Prior to the 2018-season of the Victorian State League Division 2 he joined Peninsula Strikers in Australia until the end of the season. He scored two goals in five league games before leaving the club in June 2018.
Personal life
His younger brother, Keith, is a student in Arsenal FC's Centre of Excellence. He attended Blackheath Bluecoat Church of England School.
References
External links
Femi Orenuga profile at the Everton F.C. website
Femi Orenuga profile at the Aylesbury United website
1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Lewisham
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Southend United F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
AFC Eskilstuna players
Whitehawk F.C. players
Raufoss IL players
Gloucester City A.F.C. players
Enfield Town F.C. players
Wealdstone F.C. players
Corby Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
English expatriate footballers |
23574478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20Perrey | Alexis Perrey | Alexis Perrey (1807–1882) was a historical French seismologist and compiler of earthquake catalogs. He is considered a pioneer in this area, having published a paper on earthquakes in Algeria as early as 1848, in the journal Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon. He continued to post annual observations on Algerian earthquakes until 1871.
He suspected a correlation between the moon and seismic activity on earth, and developed his theory with the use of statistics. He found that earth tremors occurred most frequently during full and new moons, when the earth is between the sun and moon, when the moon is between the earth and sun, and when the moon is closest in its orbit to the earth. He also found indications in some cases that the moon had crossed the meridian of affected locales at the time of the earthquake.
References
Further reading
Seismologists
French geologists
1807 births
1882 deaths |
23574485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83l%C4%83ie%C8%99ti%2C%20Orhei | Mălăiești, Orhei | Mălăiești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mălăiești and Tîrzieni.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
20467562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbiola%20rutila | Cymbiola rutila | Cymbiola rutila, common name the "Blood-red Volute", is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.
Description
The shell attains a length of 74 mm.
Volutes are predators that live in deep waters where they stalk and kill other molluscs. Volutes do not have a free-swimming larval stage. Their large egg capsules contain enough food to allow the embryos to develop over several months. What emerges from these capsules are tiny but fully formed shells. Volutes tend to spend their life in colonies and have small home ranges.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Britain and Western Australia.
References
External links
Sowerby, G. B., I. (1844). Descriptions of six new species of Voluta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1844: 149–152
Cox, J. (1873). Descriptions of new species of land and marine shells from Australia and the Solomon and Louisiade Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1873: 564-569
Crosse H. (1867). Diagnoses molluscorum novorum. Journal de Conchyliologie. 17: 444-449
Crosse H. (1880). Description de mollusques inédits, provenant de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et de la Nouvelle-Bretagne. Journal de Conchyliologie. 28: 142-149
Volutidae |
23574505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatra%2C%20Orhei | Piatra, Orhei | Piatra is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Jeloboc and Piatra.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
17335005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20community%20college%20football%20programs | List of community college football programs | This is a list of schools of United States community colleges that offer a football program. The two largest associations are the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) and California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA).
In the NJCAA, of 512 member colleges, 53 sponsored a football program, as of November, 2021. This reflects the elimination of football at seven Arizona community colleges in 2018; one in Minnesota and one in North Dakota in 2019; and one in Kansas in 2021.
In California, of 114 community colleges in the state, 66 sponsored a football program under the auspices of the CCCAA, as of November, 2021. This reflects the suspension of football at two CCCAA member institutions in 2020.
As shown below, the NJCAA is organized into five conferences (or leagues): Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference; Minnesota College Athletic Conference; Mississippi Association of Community & Junior Colleges; Northeast JC Football Conference; Southwest Junior College Football Conference; as well as Independents (no conference/league affiliation.)
The CCCAA divides its membership into two regions: Northern and Southern. Each region is divided into the National Conference and the American Conference. In Northern California, there are three conferences/leagues in the National and two in the American; in Southern California, there are three conferences/leagues in both the National and the American.
NJCAA football programs
New Members
CCCAA Football Programs
Northern California Football Association programs
Southern California Football Association programs
See also
NJCAA National Football Championship
List of Division 1 NJCAA schools
List of Division 2 NJCAA schools
List of Division 3 NJCAA schools
List of NCAA Division I FBS football programs
List of NCAA Division I FCS football programs
List of NCAA Division II football programs
List of NCAA Division III football programs
List of NAIA football programs
List of NCAA institutions with club football teams
References
External links
Football at the website of the National Junior College Athletic Association
Football at the website of California Community College Athletic Association
Community College |
17335009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20van%20Koningsveld | Jan van Koningsveld | Jan van Koningsveld (born 1969 in Emden) is a mental calculator. He is the champion of Extracting Square Roots of 2004 and 2008 as well as the champion of Calendar Calculation of 2008 at the Mental Calculation World Cups. In addition, he finished second in the overall rankings of 2004, 2006 and 2008.
During the first Memoriad 2008, the Olympiad for Mental Calculation and Memory held in İstanbul, Turkey, Jan van Koningsveld won the gold medals in the categories Multiplication as well as Calendar Calculation. After the competition he was also able to even the world record in the category Calendar Calculation by calculating 56 days of the week (range 1600–2100) in 1 minute.
Jan van Koningsveld also held the world record for multiplying two five-digit numbers. He solved ten tasks correctly in 3:06 minutes on 25 November 2005. That record was broken by Marc Jornet Sanz during world record attempts at the 2010 Mental Calculation World Cup
References
External links
http://memoriad.com/ MEMORIAD
http://www.recordholders.org/en/list/memory.html Memory and Mental Calculation World Records
http://www.recordholders.org/en/events/worldcup/index.html Mental Calculation World Cup Site
1969 births
Living people
Mental calculators
People from Emden |
17335011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%20acid%20transport%20disorder | Amino acid transport disorder | Amino acid transport disorders are medical conditions associated with a failure of amino acids to be absorbed from the kidney or intestine.
An example is Hartnup disease.
Reference
External links |
17335012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courser%20%28disambiguation%29 | Courser (disambiguation) | Courser may refer to:
Courser – group of birds which together with the pratincoles make up the family Glareolidae
Courser (horse) – a swift and strong horse, frequently used during the Middle Ages for hunting or as a warhorse
Horse courser – early term for a horse dealer
Or to someone who engages in:
Coursing – the pursuit of game or other animals by dogs
Hare coursing – the hunting of hares with dogs
Lure coursing – a sport for dogs that involves chasing a mechanically operated lure
Or to persons named Courser:
Todd Courser,- Michigan state representative
Transportation:
Chrysler 26 Courser, an American sailboat design |
6900611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horacio%20Carbonari | Horacio Carbonari | Horacio Angel Carbonari (born 2 May 1974) is a former Argentine footballer who played as a defender. He was nicknamed "Bazooka" due to his powerful free-kicks.
Career
Rosario Central
Born in Santa Teresa, a town in the southern end of Santa Fe Province, Carbonari began his career at Rosario Central. His debut at the first division was in 1993. In the Argentinian club, he won the 1995 Copa CONMEBOL and was the competition's joint top scorer with 4 goals, having scored twice in the second leg of the final against Atlético Mineiro. From 1993 to 1998, Carbonari played a total of 135 Argentine Primera División matches, scoring 26 goals.
England
Carbonari was signed by Derby County in the summer of 1998 for £3 million by former Derby manager Jim Smith. Carbonari was the first Argentinian ever to play in the Premier League alongside Juan Cobián, who was at Sheffield Wednesday. He quickly became a fans favourite and won praise from the fans after scoring twice against rivals Nottingham Forest in the 1998-99 Premier League.
In 2002, while John Gregory was manager, Carbonari became out-of-favour at the club and had a short loan spell at Coventry City, before being released by Derby in the same year. Carbonari played a total of 90 league matches for the Rams, scoring 9 times.
Return to Rosario Central and retirement
Carbonari returned to Rosario Central in 2003, where he suffered from knee injuries. He helped the club to qualify for the 2004 Copa Libertadores, where his club lost to São Paulo in the Round of 16 after the penalty shootout, with Carbonari scoring from the spot. He decided to retire in 2005 after a knee injury ended his season.
At the beginning 2006–07 season, he was appointed the general manager of Rosario Central.
Honours
Club
Rosario Central
Copa Conmebol: 1995
References
External links
Soccerbase statistics
1974 births
Living people
People from Constitución Department
Argentine footballers
Association football defenders
Rosario Central footballers
Derby County F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Argentine Primera División players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Argentine football managers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
Sportspeople from Santa Fe Province |
17335018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strule%20Arts%20Centre | Strule Arts Centre | Strule Arts Centre (; Ulster-Scots: Strule Hoose o Airts) is a multi-purpose arts venue in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The Omagh tourist information office is located on the ground floor. The centre is owned and run by Omagh District Council.
History
In 2003 Omagh's Town Hall was demolished to make way for the new Strule Arts Centre Arts. It cost £10.5 million and opened on 8 June 2007, overlooking the River Strule which flows through the town centre. It is part of a wider regeneration project for the High Street, George Street and Riverside area of Omagh. It was designed by architects Kennedy Fitzgerald and Associates. The centre was officially opened in January 2008 by Edwin Poots, then Minister for Culture, Arts and Leisure, and Margaret Ritchie, Minister for Social Development.
References
External links
Omagh
Arts centres in Northern Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Tyrone
Tourist attractions in County Tyrone
Art museums and galleries in Northern Ireland |
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