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17342000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Alexander | Terry Alexander | Terry Alexander may refer to:
Terry Alexander (baseball) (born 1955), American baseball coach
Terry Alexander (footballer) (1944–2013), Australian rules footballer for Collingwood
Terence Alexander (1923–2009), English actor in Bergerac
Terry Alexander (actor) (born 1947), American actor
Terry Alexander (politician) (born 1955), member of the South Carolina House of Representatives |
20483655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3bert%20Cicman | Róbert Cicman | Róbert Cicman (born 3 September 1984) is a professional Slovak football centre back who plays for Slavoj Trebišov, in 2. liga.
Career statistics
Honours
MFK Košice
Slovak Cup (1): 2008–09
External links
MFK Košice profile
Gambrinus liga statistics at idnes.cz
Living people
1984 births
Sportspeople from Košice
Association football central defenders
Slovak footballers
FC VSS Košice players
FC Steel Trans Ličartovce players
SK Slavia Prague players
FC Nitra players
Sandecja Nowy Sącz players
FK Haniska players
FC Lokomotíva Košice players
FK Slavoj Trebišov players
Slovak Super Liga players
Czech First League players
Slovak expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in the Czech Republic
Expatriate footballers in Poland
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
2. Liga (Slovakia) players |
20483659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Browne | Cyril Browne | Cyril Browne may refer to:
Snuffy Browne (1890–1964), West Indian cricketer
Cyril Browne (cricketer) (1893–1948), English cricketer |
6910100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox%20%28Canadian%20band%29 | Paradox (Canadian band) | Paradox was a Canadian band formed in the 1980s by singer/guitarist Sylvain Cossette. The band's best known lineup featured Sylvain on vocals, Francois Cossette (guitar), Denis Lavigne (drums), and Jean-Francois Houle (bass). The band broke up in 1991.
History
Quebec-born Sylvain Cossette formed the Anglophone band Paradox with Denis Lavigne and Jean-Francois Houle as a cover band in Grand-Mère, Quebec in 1984. After establishing a local reputation for their live act, the band received a FACTOR award in June 1988. This grant allowed them to record a demo which eventually led to a record deal with MCA Music America. With Sylvain's brother Francois joining the lineup on guitar, the band recorded their self-titled debut album Paradox at Studio Victor in Montreal in 1988. Produced by Pierre 'Baz' Bazinet (who was best known for his work with other Canadian acts including Luba and Boulevard), much of the album was co-written with Sass Jordan whose own star was rising at the time. The band produced a couple of videos that saw regular rotation on MuchMusic thanks to the catchy hooks and their video friendly looks. In recognition for their airplay and touring across Canada, they were nominated in 1990 for a Juno Award for "Most Promising Group of the Year".
A second album Obvious Puzzle followed in 1991, which didn't capture as much attention as their debut. After a final concert in 1991 at the Spectrum in Montreal, the band broke up and Sylvain continued his career as a French solo artist.
Discography
Albums
Paradox - 1989
Obvious Puzzle - 1991
Singles
"Waterline" (1989) #24 CAN
"Another Day" (1989) #46 CAN
"Catch Me in the Act" (1990) #54 CAN
"Kiss Me on the Lips" (1991) #49 CAN
References
Jackson, Rick. Encyclopedia of Canadian rock, pop and folk (1994). pg. 223–224. Quarry Press
Jam! Canadian Pop Encyclopedia
Canadian Singles Charts
External links
Paradox audio clips - Featured on Sylvain Cossette's official website - BROKEN LINK
Canadian rock music groups |
26720808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Air%20%28Czech%20Republic%29 | Silver Air (Czech Republic) | Silver Air is a small Czech airline headquartered in Prague, offering both passenger and cargo services. Despite being a Czech airline, its passenger services are based at Marina di Campo Airport in Italy, while its cargo services operate exclusively in Romania.
Destinations
Passenger
As of April 2022, Silver Air serves the following passenger destinations:
Italy
Bologna – Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport seasonal
Elba – Marina di Campo Airport base
Florence - Florence-Peretola Airport
Milan – Linate Airport seasonal
Pisa - Pisa International Airport
Switzerland
Lugano - Lugano Airport seasonal
Cargo
Romania
Timișoara – Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport
Cluj-Napoca – Cluj International Airport
Fleet
The Silver Air fleet includes the following aircraft (as of 10 September 2015):
2 Let L-410 Turbolet
References
External links
Airlines of the Czech Republic
Airlines established in 1995
Czech companies established in 1995 |
20483661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Beaucairois | Stade Beaucairois | Stade Beaucairois is a French football club based in Beaucaire, Languedoc-Roussillon. It was founded in 1908 as Beaucaire Olympique. The club currently plays in the Championnat National 3.
External links
Football clubs in France
Association football clubs established in 1908
1908 establishments in France
Sport in Gard
Football clubs in Occitania (administrative region) |
6910106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douce%20II%2C%20Countess%20of%20Provence | Douce II, Countess of Provence | Douce II (, ; 1162–1172) was Countess of Provence and Viscountess of Gévaudan and Carlat for a few months in 1166, as well as Countess of Melgueil for some time in 1172. She was a member of the House of Barcelona, a dynasty of Catalan origin that acquired the County of Provence through the marriage of Douce I to Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona.
Douce was the sole child of the Provençal count Ramon Berenguer II and the Castilian queen dowager Richeza of Poland, who married in 1162. In 1165, with the treaty signed in Beaucaire, Ramon Berenguer betrothed his infant daughter to Raymond, eldest son and heir apparent of Raymond V, ruler of the neighbouring County of Toulouse. When Ramon Berenguer died trying to conquer Nice in the spring of 1166, Douce inherited the County of Provence.
Immediately after her accession, Raymond V entered Provence to ensure that the betrothal would be honored. In order to secure his position, he attempted to arrange a marriage with Douce's mother. His efforts came to nothing due to intervention of the young King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona, Alfonso. Alfonso was the first cousin of Douce's father and his closest agnate. He and his council claimed that he had the right to Provence on the basis of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's enfeoffment of 1162, and consequently he adopted the title Margrave of Provence. In order to gain time, Alfonso wrote to Raymond to tell him that he consented to the planned marriages of both Douce and her mother. Conflict soon ensued, however, and despite initial setbacks, Alfonso prevailed over Raymond. He arrived in Provence by the end of 1166. William VII of Montpellier was the first of Douce's vassals to declare allegiance to him, followed by the rest.
In 1168, Alfonso granted Provence to his brother, Ramon Berenguer III. Douce was thus finally dispossessed of her inheritance, but retained the comital title. She moved to the court of her paternal grandmother, Beatrice, Countess of Melgueil. In April 1172, Beatrice decided that the County of Melgueil should be divided between her daughter, Ermessende of Pelet, and Douce, still betrothed to Raymond of Toulouse. Douce died the same year, however, and all of Melgueil passed to her half-aunt, who also married her fiancé.
References
1172 deaths
Counts of Provence
House of Barcelona
Provence, Countess of, Douce II
Year of birth unknown
12th-century women rulers
Rulers deposed as children
Rulers who died as children
Medieval child rulers
Year of birth uncertain |
26720810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouter%20Brouwer | Wouter Brouwer | Wouter Brouwer (10 August 1882 – 4 May 1961) was a Dutch fencer. He competed at three Olympic Games.
References
External links
1882 births
1961 deaths
Dutch male fencers
Olympic fencers of the Netherlands
Fencers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Fencers from Amsterdam |
20483665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok%20Planetarium | Bangkok Planetarium | The Bangkok Planetarium (, ) is the oldest planetarium in Thailand and Southeast Asia. It is located on Sukhumvit Road in Bangkok as part of the Science Centre for Education, which is operated by the Department of Non-Formal Education of the Ministry of Education.The complex was built to educate the youth and general public about science and astronomy.
Construction of the planetarium began in 1962 with a budget of twelve million baht and it opened on 18 August 1964. The planetarium dome is 20.60 metres in diameter and 13 metres high, and holds 450 seats. The planetarium uses a Mark IV Zeiss projector, which was the first installation of a large planetarium projector in Southeast Asia. Apart from the theatre itself, the building also features permanent exhibitions on astronomy, aimed at young audiences.
The planetarium underwent extensive renovations in 2015, including the installation of two new Christie Boxer 4K30 projectors alongside the old Mark IV, which helped reignite interest in the previously ailing museum.
References
External links
Planetaria
Museums in Bangkok
Science museums in Thailand
Astronomy in Thailand |
20483679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20%28surname%29 | Irish (surname) | Irish is a surname.
Notable people bearing this name include:
Bill Irish (1932–1992), English lawn and indoor bowler
Carolyn Tanner Irish (born 1940), Episcopal Bishop
Ernest G. Irish (1894–1955), Canadian politician
Frank Irish (1918–1997), English cricketer who played for Somerset and Devon
Frederick M. Irish (1870–1941), Arizona football coach 1896–1906
George Irish, Montserratian academic, professor of Caribbean studies
Jack Irish, protagonist in a series of novels by Peter Temple
Jane Irish (born 1955), American artist, painter, and ceramicist
Jim Irish (born 1941), Irish hurler
John P. Irish (1843-1923), American politician, Iowa Democrat
Joseph E. Irish (1833–1899), American politician, member of the Wisconsin State Senate
Lesroy Irish (born 1972), Montserratian cricketer
Mark Irish (born 1981), English rugby player
Natalie Irish (born 1982), American visual artist
Ned Irish (1905–1982), American basketball promoter
O. H. Irish (Orsamus Hylas Irish; 1830–1883), Chief of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (1878–1883)
Ronald Irish (born 1913), Australian executive
See also
Irish (disambiguation)
Irish name |
20483732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Things%20%28short%20story%29 | Little Things (short story) | "Little Things" is a short story by American writer Raymond Carver. It was originally titled "Mine", but was first published in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love under the title "Popular Mechanics." It was then republished with the title "Little Things" in Carver's 1988 collection Where I’m Calling From: New and Selected Stories.
Plot summary
"Little Things" is the story of a couple that has been having relationship issues. Raymond Carver uses ambiguity in the story to describe the situation that is going on between the married couple. Although the problems they are having are not stated specifically, it is clear that the couple is moving apart from each other. The narrator shows us the husband getting ready to leave his wife, which turns into a yelling match. The man is packing a suitcase, getting ready to leave, when he demands to take their child with him. However, the couple then argues about the child as well. The wife holds the child, and they begin to argue about who should take care of the baby. The wife does not want him to have the baby, but the husband thinks he should have it. The couple begins grasping the baby by the arms. The wife has one arm and the husband has hold of the other. Then, the baby begins crying because it is apparently in some pain, due to the actions of the couple. The husband begins forcing his wife’s hands off of the baby, her grip slips off, but she grabs the baby again harder. The wife does the same thing, and the husband grabs the child by the top of his arm underneath the shoulder. The baby was slipping from both people, but they held on harder and pulled in the opposite directions. As the couple pulled on the child from its arms, it is apparent that they harmed the baby in some way, hence the last line of the story:
References
Sources
Oates, Joyce Carrol. American Gothic Tales. 1996. Print.
External links
Publishing Information
Analysis
Symbolic Significance in the Stories of Raymond Carver
Short stories by Raymond Carver
1981 short stories |
20483794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crozier%20Channel | Crozier Channel | The Crozier Channel () is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It separates Prince Patrick Island (to the north-west) and Eglinton Island (to the south-east). It opens into the McClure Strait at its southern end. It is named for the explorer, Francis Crozier; one of several such memorials in the Canadian Arctic.
Bodies of water of the Northwest Territories
Channels of Canada
Channels of the Arctic Ocean |
26720840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appat%20Island | Appat Island | Appat Island (old spelling: Agpat) is an uninhabited island in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.
At , it is one of the larger islands in the Uummannaq Fjord system, located in its north-central part. It is the site of the former settlements of Ritenbenck and Qaqortuatsiaq.
Air Greenland helicopters approach Ukkusissat Heliport on the way from Uummannaq Heliport alongside the southern and western wall of Appat, to then pass above the narrow Appat Ikerat strait between Appat and a smaller, mountainous Salleq Island.
Geography
Appat Island is separated from Uummannaq Island and Salliaruseq Island in the south by the central arm of the Uummannaq Fjord; from the Salleq Island in the west by the Appat Ikerat strait; from the Ukkusissat Peninsula in the north and northeast by the Torsukattak Strait. A small archipelago of low-lying skerries lies directly to the southeast of the island, with a small settlement of Saattut.
It is very mountainous, with precipitous walls falling from the glaciated summit plateau in all directions. The plateau (and the island itself) is bisected by the Naqellorssuaq valley. The highest point on the island is Appat Qaqaa (), a summit in the western part of the glaciated summit plateau. The coastline is undeveloped, apart from the Umiasuqasuup Ilua fjord at the southeastern end.
Promontories
Mining
Qaqortuatsiaq, located on the northern coast of Appat near the shore of the Torsukattak Strait, is a former marble quarry, now abandoned. Mining activities in the area are likely to resume in the future, providing an economic lifeline to the communities of the Uummannaq region, keeping the relatively new Qaarsut Airport open.
Access
The island can be reached via individually chartered fishing boats from Saattut, the settlement on a skerry off the southeastern cape, or from Ukkusissat to the northwest. Package tourists visit the 'desert' on the cape as part of an organized tour from Uummannaq. Movement within the interior of Appat is restricted to mountaineering.
See also
List of islands of Greenland
References
External links
Volcanic development in the Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland
Uninhabited islands of Greenland
Uummannaq Fjord |
23580011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldin%20Adilovi%C4%87 | Eldin Adilović | Eldin Adilović (born 8 February 1986) is a Bosnian retired professional footballer who played as a striker.
International career
Adilović made his official debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in a December 2010 friendly match against Poland, his second and final international appearance.
Honours
Player
Željezničar
Bosnian Premier League: 2011–12, 2012–13
Bosnian Cup: 2011–12
Individual
Performance
Bosnian Premier League Top Goalscorer: 2011–12 (19 goals)
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Zenica
Association football forwards
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina under-21 international footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina international footballers
NK Čelik Zenica players
NK IB 1975 Ljubljana players
NK Ivančna Gorica players
NK Nafta Lendava players
FC Lustenau players
FK Mughan players
Győri ETO FC players
FK Željezničar Sarajevo players
Samsunspor footballers
Şanlıurfaspor footballers
Kayseri Erciyesspor footballers
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Azerbaijan Premier League players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
TFF First League players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Expatriate footballers in Austria
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate footballers in Azerbaijan
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Turkey |
6910110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prathai%20district | Prathai district | Prathai (, ) is a district (amphoe) in the northeastern part of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand.
History
Prathai village was settled in the Khmer era. King Jayavarman II set his camp in the area when he expanded his power to the west. After his reign, Prathai was deserted. It became a community again in the Sukhothai era.
Prathai in Khmer means 'camp'.
Tambon Prathai was separated from Bua Yai district to create a minor district (king amphoe) on 1 January 1961 and upgraded to a full district in 1963.
Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Phon and Nong Song Hong of Khon Kaen province; Ban Mai Chaiyaphot of Buriram province; and Mueang Yang, Chum Phuang, Phimai, Non Daeng, Sida, and Bua Lai of Nakhon Ratchasima Province.
Administration
Central administration
Prathai is divided into 13 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 151 administrative villages (mubans).
Missing numbers are tambons which now form Non Daeng District.
Local administration
There is one sub-district municipality (thesaban tambon) in the district:
Prathai (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Prathai.
There are 13 sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
Prathai (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Prathai.
Krathum Rai (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Krathum Rai.
Wang Mai Daeng (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Wang Mai Daeng.
Talat Sai (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Talat Sai.
Nong Phluang (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nong Phluang.
Nong Khai (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nong Khai.
Han Huai Sai (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Han Huai Sai.
Don Man (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Don Man.
Nang Ram (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nang Ram.
Non Phet (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Non Phet.
Thung Sawang (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Thung Sawang.
Khok Klang (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Khok Klang.
Mueang Don (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Mueang Don.
References
External links
amphoe.com (Thai)
Prathai |
23580012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Therriault | Gene Therriault | Gene Therriault (born January 31, 1960) is an American politician who served as a member of the Alaska Senate, representing the Q district from 2001 to 2009. He served as the Senate President from 2003–2006 and as Senate Minority Leader from 2007–2008. Previously he was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1992 through 2000.
References
External links
1960 births
Alaska Republicans
Alaska state senators
Living people
Members of the Alaska House of Representatives
People from North Pole, Alaska
Presidents of the Alaska Senate
21st-century American politicians |
23580013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peg%20Leg%20%28album%29 | Peg Leg (album) | Peg Leg is an album by jazz bassist Ron Carter, originally released on LP in 1978 and released on CD in 1991 by Fantasy Studios.
It was recorded in November 1977 and prominently features Carter on piccolo bass. Often carrying the melody the instrument is a focus of 3 of the album's 6 tracks, while fellow bass player Buster Williams performs the conventional role of the instrument on those tracks. The rhythm section is completed by piano and percussion (on all but 1 track), and guitar on 4 tracks. The standard jazz-ensemble is further augmented, on all 6 tracks, by woodwinds (see below).
Carter uses a piccolo bass tuned a fourth higher than a normal double bass (low to high: A-D-G-C).
Track listing
All compositions by Ron Carter except where noted
"Peg Leg" - 8:08
"Sheila's Song (Hasta Luego, Mi Amiga)" - 6:14
"Chapter XI" - 5:41
"Epistrophy" (Thelonious Monk) - 7:33
"My Ship" (Kurt Weill, Ira Gershwin) - 5:10
"Patchouli" - 7:06
Personnel
Ron Carter - piccolo bass, bass, percussion
Kenny Barron - piano
Jay Berliner - guitar
Buster Williams - bass (tracks 1, 3 and 4)
Ben Riley - drums, percussion
Woodwinds arranged and conducted by Robert M Freedman:
Jerry Dodgion - flute, piccolo flute, alto flute, clarinet
George Marge - flute, piccolo flute, oboe, clarinet
Walter Kane - flute, bassoon, clarinet
Charles Russo - clarinet, bass clarinet
References
1978 albums
Milestone Records albums
Ron Carter albums
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio |
20483808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Wisden | Robert Wisden | Robert Charles Wisden (Brighton, 2 June 1958) is an English-born, Canadian actor who has an extensive career in Canadian and American film and television, for which he has won a Gemini Award.
Best known for playing U.S. President Richard Nixon in the 2009 American neo-noir superhero film Watchmen, he has acted on many series, including Da Vinci's Inquest, Smallville, The X-Files, Battlestar Galactica, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Highlander and Jeremiah.
Early life
Born in 1958 in Brighton, East Sussex in England, Wisden moved with his family from Britain to Canada when he was fifteen. He made his film debut in Firebird 2015 AD (1981), landing a key supporting part alongside Darren McGavin and Doug McClure. Four years later he started his television career starring as Terry Dunne in Atom Egoyan's In This Corner (1985).
Career
Acting
Wisden is best known for his role as United States President Richard Nixon in Zack Snyder's film adaptation of the DC graphic novel Watchmen, Chief Coroner James Flynn in the Canadian TV series Da Vinci's Inquest, and Ken Browning in Final Destination. In 1994, he landed a supporting role in the epic turn-of-the-20th-century war drama Legends of the Fall. He played Robert Patrick Modell - a character created by Vince Gilligan - in the classic The X-Files episode Pusher (1996) and the 1998 follow-up episode Kitsunegari.
Teaching
In 2006, Wisden graduated from Simon Fraser University with a Bachelor of Education degree. He taught at Heritage Woods Secondary School for two school years (2006 - 2007), substituting for the main drama teacher. He went on to become the Head of Theater Arts at St.George's School for Boys in Vancouver, British Columbia. In 2019, Wisden realised a long-held dream when he oversaw the school's successful production of Les Misérables.
Awards
In 2000, he won a Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series for The Sheldon Kennedy Story (1999).
Filmography
Film
Firebird 2015 AD (1981) - Cam
Milk and Honey (1988)
Blood Clan (1990) - Stuart Roos
Stay Tuned (1992) - 3 Men and Rosemary's Baby
Impolite (1992) - Jack Yeats
Look Who's Talking Now (1993) - Ranger
Legends of the Fall (1994) - John T. O'Banion
The War Between Us (1996) - Ed Parnum
Excess Baggage (1997) - Detective Sims
Medusa's Child (1997) - Colonel Spencer
Floating Away (1998) - Armand
In the Name of the People (2000) - DA Paul McMillan
Final Destination (2000) - Ken Browning
Criss Cross (2001) - Zach
Snow Queen (2002) - Wolfgang
Watchmen (2009) - Richard Nixon
Driven to Kill (2009) - Terry Goldstein
Television
In This Corner (1986) - Terry Dunne
Glory Enough for All (1988) - Charles Herbert Best
9B (1989) - Bob Dawson
The Odyssey (1993–1994) - Brad Ziegler
The Outer Limits (1995-1999) - Justin Wells / Sam Winter
Highlander: The Series "The Return of Amanda" (1993) & "The Messenger" (1996) - Col. William Everett Culbraith / Werner
The X-Files (1996–1998) - Robert Patrick Modell
Poltergeist: The Legacy (1997-1999) - Will Thomas / James Donlon
Madison (1997) - Richard Long
Stargate SG-1 (1997–2005) (4 episodes) - Lt. Colonel Bert Samuels
Millennium (1997-1998) - Chris Carmody / Gordon Roberts
Cold Squad (1998-2004) - Nick Kingsman / Neil Brice
Welcome to Paradox (1998) - John Hammond
Da Vinci's Inquest (1998–2000) - Chief Coroner James Flynn
Secret Cutting (2000) - Russell Cottrell
Smallville (2001–2004) - Gabriel Sullivan
Jeremiah (2002–2003) - Devon
The Elizabeth Smart Story (2003) - Jim Smart
Battlestar Galactica (2005) - Wallace Gray
Supervolcano (2005) - Kenneth Wylie
References
External links
1958 births
English male film actors
English male television actors
English emigrants to Canada
Best Supporting Actor in a Television Film or Miniseries Canadian Screen Award winners
Living people
Male actors from Vancouver
People from Brighton
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors |
23580016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandu%20Bandaranaike | Pandu Bandaranaike | Chakrawarthi Pandukabhaya Dias Bandaranaike (commonly known as Pandu Bandaranaike ) (born 31 August 1962) is a Sri Lankan politician. He was a Member of Parliament from the Gampaha Electoral District.
Born to the Bandaranaike family, his father was S. D. Bandaranayake, Member of Parliament from Gampaha from 1952 to 1989 and Dorin Dias Bandaranaike. He was educated at S. Thomas' Preparatory School and at D. S. Senanayake College. He worked as a reforestation officer in the State Timber Corporation, until he resigned in 1993 to contest the Provincial Council of the Western Province and was elected a Member of Provincial Council. In 1994, he was elected to Parliament from Gampaha. In 2009, he was appointed the Minister of Religious Affairs and later served as Deputy Minister of Indigenous Medicine.
He married Mrkalandalage Jeewani Namal Gunawardana, daughter of Air Chief Marshal Terance Gunawardana, former Commander of the Sri Lanka Air Force. They have one son Chamith Praween Dias Bandaranaike.
References
Parliament profile
1962 births
Living people
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Alumni of D. S. Senanayake College |
20483815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davide%20Zoboli | Davide Zoboli | Davide Zoboli (born 8 October 1981, in Parma) is an Italian former association footballer who played as a defender.
In June 2002, he was exchanged with Alex Gibbs of Monza.
He was signed by Brescia in July 2004, and made his Serie A debut on 26 September 2004, against Udinese Calcio.
References
External links
http://www.gazzetta.it/speciali/2008/calcio/Players/player_p183319.shtml
1981 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Benevento Calcio players
A.C. Monza players
U.C. AlbinoLeffe players
Brescia Calcio players
Torino F.C. players
Modena F.C. players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Association football defenders
Sportspeople from Parma
Footballers from Emilia-Romagna |
17342022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail%20Kerzhakov | Mikhail Kerzhakov | Mikhail Anatolyevich Kerzhakov (; born 28 January 1987) is a Russian football goalkeeper. He plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg. He is the younger brother of striker Aleksandr Kerzhakov.
Club career
On 10 February 2017, he joined FC Orenburg on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season.
On 15 June 2022, Kerzhakov extended his contract with FC Zenit Saint Petersburg for the 2022–23 season.
Career statistics
Notes
Honours
Zenit Saint Petersburg
Russian Premier League: 2007, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22
Russian Cup: 2016, 2019–20
Russian Super Cup: 2015, 2016, 2020, 2021
References
External links
Player profile at Official Zenit website
1987 births
People from Kingisepp
Living people
Russian footballers
Russia youth international footballers
Russia under-21 international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Russian Premier League players
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
FC Volgar Astrakhan players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
FC Orenburg players
FC Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg players
FC Sportakademklub Moscow players
FC Volga Ulyanovsk players
Sportspeople from Leningrad Oblast |
20483830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Trass | Hans Trass | Hans-Voldemar Trass (2 May 1928 – 14 February 2017) was an Estonian ecologist and botanist. He was a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences since 1975 and president of the Estonian Naturalists' Society from 1964 to 1973 and 1985 to 1991. In 1992, Trass was awarded the Acharius Medal by the International Association for Lichenology.
Trass was married to Estonian actress Raine Loo. The couple had a son, composer and organist Toomas Trass.
Trass died on 14 February 2017, aged 88.
References
External links
Estonian Academy of Sciences
Citation for 1992 Acharius Medal by Teuvo Ahti
1928 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Estonian botanists
Estonian ecologists
Scientists from Tallinn
Members of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
Acharius Medal recipients
21st-century Estonian botanists
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 3rd Class |
23580018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romborama | Romborama | Romborama is the debut studio album by Italian electronic duo The Bloody Beetroots. It was released on August 21, 2009. Some tracks are taken from earlier Bloody Beetroots releases, for example "Butter" can also be found on the Rombo EP.
The track "Warp 1.9" reached number 23 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2009, the world's largest music poll. The track "Butter" was featured in a commercial for season 2 of MTV's Jersey Shore and in Fifa 09
To date Romborama has sold over 2,000,000 copies.
Track listing
"Romborama" (featuring All Leather) - 3:43
"Have Mercy on Us" (featuring Cécile) - 5:48
"Storm" - 3:43
"Awesome" (featuring The Cool Kids) - 2:33
"Cornelius" - 4:13
"It's Better a DJ on 2 Turntables" - 3:48
"Talkin' in My Sleep" (featuring Lisa Kekaula) - 5:29
"Second Streets Have No Name" (featuring Beta Bow) - 3:04
"Butter" - 4:35
"WARP 1.9" (featuring Steve Aoki) - 3:23
"FFA 1985" (featuring Sky Ferreira) - 3:23
"Theolonius" (King Voodoo) - 4:51
"Yeyo" (featuring Raw Man) - 3:32
"Little Stars" (featuring Vicarious Bliss) - 2:42
"WARP 7.7" (featuring Steve Aoki) - 3:57
"Make Me Blank" (featuring J*Davey) - 3:52
"House No. 84" - 3:53
"Mother" - 3:38
"I Love the Bloody Beetroots" - 5:32
"Anacletus" - 3:17
"Come La" (featuring Marracash) (bonus track) - 2:42
"Little Stars" (featuring Vicarious Bliss (Instrumental)) (bonus track) - 2:41
The song "It's Better a DJ on 2 Turntables" was secretly released unfinished under the alias of 'The Bollocks Brothers'.
References
The Bloody Beetroots albums
2009 debut albums |
17342035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singers%20in%20the%20Shadows | Singers in the Shadows | Singers in the Shadows is a collection of poems by Robert E. Howard. It was published in 1970 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 549 copies. The collection was reprinted by Science Fiction Graphics, Inc. in 1977.
Contents
Introduction, by Glenn Lord
"Zukala's Hour"
"Night Mood"
"The Sea–Woman"
"The Bride of Cuchulain"
"The Stranger"
"Shadows"
"Rebel"
"White Thunder"
"The Men That Walk With Satan"
"Thus Spake Sven The Fool"
"Sacrifice"
"The Witch"
"The Lost Galley"
"Hadrian's Wall"
"Attila Rides No More"
"The Fear That Follows"
"Destination"
"The Tavern"
"The Road to Hell"
"The Twin Gates"
References
1970 poetry books
American poetry collections
Poetry by Robert E. Howard
Donald M. Grant, Publisher books |
44506453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Jupiter%20trojans%20%28Trojan%20camp%29%20%28400001%E2%80%93500000%29 | List of Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp) (400001–500000) | This is a partial list of Jupiter's trojan asteroids (60° behind Jupiter) with numbers 400001–500000 .
400001–500000
This list contains 295 objects sorted in numerical order.
top
References
Trojan_4
Jupiter Trojans (Trojan Camp) |
23580019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Robert%20Cummins | James Robert Cummins | James Robert Cummins or Cummings, aka: "Windy Jim" (January 31, 1847 – July 9, 1929) was an American criminal.
Cummins lived near Kearney, Missouri and rode with Quantrill's Raiders during the Civil War, most often assigned to follow "Bloody" Bill Anderson. A known horse thief, he joined up with the James-Younger Gang after the war and was involved in the train robberies at Winston and Blue Cut, Missouri. After the breakup of the James Gang, he became a farmer in Arkansas and actually tried to turn himself in several times, but no one believed he was really Jim Cummins. At the age of 63 he married Florence Sherwood and lived to an old age.
In 1903 he published a memoir of his time with the James-Younger gang, "Jim Cummins' Book Written by Himself, The Life Story of the James and Younger Gang and Their Comrades, Including the Operations of Quantrell's Guerrillas, By One Who Rode With Them: A True But Terrible Tale of Outlawry." He died in the Old Soldiers Home at Higginsville Missouri on July 9, 1929.
References
External links
1847 births
1929 deaths
People from Kearney, Missouri
James–Younger Gang
American outlaws |
44506455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatodra | Khatodra | Khatodra is a small village in Mahendragarh District in Haryana, India. It is located 5 km away in south of the city on State Highway 24. It is located in lap of nature.
History
This village is much older than English times. It was established by sub caste called Bohras Khatodiya Gotr . Khatod is ancestral place of Gomi's (a surname of Yadav's).
Villages in Mahendragarh district
the first sarpanch of this village is lambardar Sh. RamjiLal S/O Sh. kisansahay s/o puran Singh S/O Dalla Ram S/O Ganga Ram S/O JaiRam S/O Govind Ram S/O Khokhar S/O Haiwa Ram JI |
17342043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise%20School | Paradise School | The Paradise School is an historic school building at Paradise Avenue and Prospect Street in Middletown, Rhode Island. It is situated on farm land which historically belonged to the Whitman family for generations, and was donated by the family to the town of Middletown. Built in 1875, it is a modest wood-frame structure, housing a single classroom, with separate entrances and vestibules for boys and girls. The roof line has decorative sawn brackets, and there is a small oculus window in the front-facing gable. The two doorways, like the windows on the sides, are sheltered by small shed roofs clad in wooden shingles.
Classes were held in the building until 1955 when it became an administration office. The Middletown Historical Society acquired the building in 1976 and was later restored and holds a small museum.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Historical Places: Paradise School - Middletown Historical Society
Educational institutions established in 1875
School buildings completed in 1875
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Education museums in the United States
Museums in Newport County, Rhode Island
History museums in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Middletown, Rhode Island
Schools in Newport County, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
1875 establishments in Rhode Island |
23580022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nie%20Bichu | Nie Bichu | Nie Bichu (; 2 January 1928 – 20 April 2018) was a Chinese politician. He served as Mayor and acting Party Secretary of Tianjin.
Biography
Nie was born in Tianjin in 1928, with his ancestral home in Hunan Province. He studied at Yaohua School in Tianjin from 1935 to 1946, and graduated from Beiyang University (now Tianjin University) in 1950. He had four siblings, two of whom died early. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1948 and was a member of its 13th Central Committee.
Nie served as mayor of Tianjin from October 1989 to June 1993 and Chairman of Tianjin People's Congress from June 1993 to May 1998. When Tan Shaowen, Party Secretary of Tianjin, died in February 1993, Nie served as acting Party Secretary for a month before Gao Dezhan was appointed as Tan's replacement. In the early 1990s, he successfully lobbied the central government to allow Tianjin to implement housing reform after the example of Shanghai.
Nie died on 20 April 2018 at the age of 90.
References
1928 births
2018 deaths
People's Republic of China politicians from Tianjin
Mayors of Tianjin
Yaohua High School alumni
Tianjin University alumni
Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party |
17342055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Misfit%20%28TV%20series%29 | The Misfit (TV series) | The Misfit was an ATV sitcom series starring Ronald Fraser, Patrick Newell and Simon Ward. It was written by Roy Clarke and was broadcast from 1970 to 1971 on ITV.
Premise
Basil Allenby-Johnson ("Badger" for short) returned from a colonial life in Malaya to an England he no longer recognized. Each episode explored Badger's response to a different aspect of modern life in a Britain which had just emerged from the Swinging Sixties.
Cast
Basil "Badger" Allenby-Johnson – Ronald Fraser
Stanley (his brother) – Patrick Newell
Ted (his son) – Simon Ward
Alicia (his daughter-in-law) – Susan Carpenter
Awards
The 1970 Writers Guild Award for the best writer of a British TV series went to Roy Clarke for this series.
Notes
The character of Badger originated a couple of years earlier in an episode of the BBC drama The Troubleshooters, also written by Clarke.
Ronald Fraser said of the character "He epitomises all that was great about the Edwardian gentleman. Honest as the day is long. Loyal, faithful, loving people whatever their colour or creed, and loved by them. And unable to understand the Permissive Society. I'm absolutely in sympathy with him, except that I'm not quite so square."
External links
British TV Resources - The Misfit
ITV sitcoms
1970s British sitcoms
1970 British television series debuts
1971 British television series endings |
44506469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterculia%20murex | Sterculia murex | Sterculia murex Hemsl. or lowveld chestnut is a southern African tree with a very limited distribution in the lowveld of eastern Mpumalanga and Eswatini. After S. alexandri it is the most southern representative of the genus in Africa. Kew currently recognises some 92 species of Sterculia, confined to the tropics and slightly beyond at low altitudes.
Habit
First described by the botanist William Botting Hemsley in 1894, this species grows to about 10 metres in height with a trunk of some 30 cm in diameter covered in thick, greyish-brown bark, becoming almost black with age, and cracking in a rectangular pattern. Its unusual spiny fruits and palmately compound leaves make this an easily identifiable tree. It was illustrated by Cythna Letty in Flowering Plants of South Africa, vol. 32, plate no. 1279.
Fruit
Five carpels are joined, forming the spokes of a wheel some 30 cm in diameter. They are woody and densely studded with hard, blunt spines, dehiscing on one side to reveal large (25 mm long), black seeds, which are rich in oil and, after roasting, are a valuable food source. Stinging hairs, common in the Malvaceae, coat the interior of the carpels and these may irritate skin and eyes. The carpels have a superficial resemblance to the Northern Hemisphere Chestnut.
References
Gallery
External links
Operation Wildflower image of foliage and fruits
Image of fruits - EcoPort
Image of fruit and seeds - EcoPort
Gallery - EcoPort
Flora of South Africa
murex |
17342057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20Basilica%20of%20the%20Assumption%2C%20Pelplin | Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Pelplin | The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption or Pelplin Abbey () is a former Cistercian abbey, located in Pelplin, Poland, to the south of Gdańsk.
History
It was founded in 1258 by Sambor II, Duke of Pomerania, as "Samboria", and was a daughter house of the Cistercian Doberan Abbey. It was first sited in Pogódki (Pogutken) near Kościerzyna (Berent) and re-located in 1276 to Pelplin. By decree of the Prussian government of 5 March 1823 it was dissolved. Since 1824 the church, as Pelplin Cathedral, has been the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Pelplin.
Main building
Work on the Brick Gothic building (length 80 m, height 26 m) began in 1289. The church was finished in 1323; additional work was completed in 1557. Currently, it is one of the largest church buildings in Poland. The Cathedral is known as an impressive early example of Northern German Brick Gothic architecture. In Pelpin, the architecture has also been influenced by Cistercian tradition.
References
Antoni, Michael, 1993: Dehio-Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler, West- und Ostpreußen, pp. 469–473 (with plan). Munich and Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag.
Binding, Günther, Untermann, Matthias, 2001: Kleine Kunstgeschichte der mittelalterlichen Ordensbaukunst in Deutschland, 3rd edn., p. 222 (with plan). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt. No ISBN
Dehio, Georg, 1922: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Zweiter Band Nordostdeutschland, 2nd edn., pp 362 ff. (edited by Julius Kohte). Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A.G.
Faryna-Paszkiewicz, Hanna; Omilanowska, Małgorzata; Pasieczny, Robert, 2001: Atlas zabytków architektury w Polsce, p. 44. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Pasierb, Janusz, 1993: Der Pelpliner Dom, Pelplin Diözesanverlag. No ISBN
Schneider, Ambrosius, 1986: Lexikale Übersicht der Männerklöster der Cistercienser im deutschen Sprach- und Kulturraum, in: Schneider, Ambrosius; Wienand, Adam; Bickel, Wolfgang; Coester, Ernst (eds.): Die Cistercienser, Geschichte – Geist – Kunst, 3rd edn., p. 683. Cologne: Wienand Verlag.
External links
Photos and history of Pelplin Cathedral
Cistercian monasteries in Poland
1258 establishments in Europe
Basilica churches in Poland
Tczew County
Buildings and structures in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pelplin
Pelplin
13th-century establishments in Poland |
23580024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20and%20Computing | Business and Computing | A Business and Computing is a dual degree program offered jointly by some computing and business schools. The program generally lasts four-five years instead of seven-eight years to complete separate the two degrees and results in the candidate earning both a Bachelor of Business degree and a Bachelor of Computing degree. Graduating Business and Computing students may choose to work on computing/technical matter, or enter the business world, or even enjoy the gray area between business and computing fields such as IT security officer, IT consultant, etc. Even though a majority of Business and Computing graduate from a single university, there are people who earn these degrees from different universities.
Degree Overview
A course which allows you to develop both technical skills and business knowledge. Learning and understanding technical computer skills in the systems analysis and software engineering, alongside gaining experience in finance, simulation and project management.
Covering computing subjects such as algorithms, software engineering, social implications of computing, data structure, operating systems and fundamental mathematics, with business subjects such as accounting, human resource management, business policy/communication, law, finance, marketing and organizational behaviour.
Earning you both a Bachelor of Computer Science degree and a Bachelor of Business Administration degree.
Core Computing modules
Managing Information – Understanding the management techniques that are used to collect information to communicate it within and outside an organization, helping enable managers to make quicker and better decisions.
Information System – Understanding a set of integrated components which collect, store and process data, that can also deliver information, knowledge and digital products.
Software Engineering – Understanding the application that covers the technical aspects of building software systems, and also maintains management issues, including budgeting and directing programming teams.
Database Principles and Applications – Understanding the core technology and base of information system, that provides basic knowledge to help develop information systems which lays a good foundation for scientific research and subsequent professional courses.
Multimedia and Human Computer Interaction – Understanding the inter-disciplinary field which brings together physiology and computer science to understand people’s human’s interaction with technology.
Communications and Networking – Understanding the several type of networking, such as intranet, extranet and internet and how computers or devices connected to one another can exchange data.
Core Business Modules
Managing organisations – Investigating organisational behaviour and human resource management.
Management and Information Technology – Gaining knowledge in understanding the concepts, debates and issues in areas of change management, project management, and information technology management/systems development.
Universities
Business and Computing dual degrees are studied in only certain universities around the world, combined most commonly with computer science or Business Administration. Countries include the United States, United Kingdom, Canada Singapore, Ireland, Zimbabwe , Kenya and Uganda. Six universities that teach the degree are:
United States
Stanford Graduate School of Business located in California teaches MS in Computer Science/MBA degree which is a three-year course that will contain studying MBA courses in the first year, and both computer science and Business and in your second and third year.
New Jersey Institute of Technology located in New Jersey teaches BS in Computing and Business degree which is a four-year course that will contain both Computer Science and Business courses.
Canada
University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University, both located in Waterloo, Ontario region jointly teaches Business Administration and Computer Science Double Degree which is a five-year course that will cover subjects from computer programming, operating systems at University of Waterloo to business communication and human resource management at Wilfrid Laurier University. A similar program is offered exclusively at Wilfrid Laurier University with lower admission requirements and automatic admission into co-op compared to the mandatory admission of the former program.
Singapore
Nanyang Technological University located in Jurong West teaches Double Degree Programme Bachelor of Business (Information Technology) and Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science) which is a four-year course teaching subjects from computing systems, computational thinking to strategic management, compiler techniques.
Saudi Arabia
http://www.psu.edu.sa
located in Riyadh in Prince Sultan University which is a four years course that will cover subjects from Computer and Business
Zimbabwe
University of Zimbabwe
Located in Harare; capital city of Zimbabwe. Offers Honours Bachelor of Business Studies and Computing Science (HBSCT) as a four year program. This is viewed as a highly prestigious degree program reserved for top notch students. Alumni of the HBSCT program have found opportunities as Systems Analysts, Software Development Management Posts in Commercial and Financial Services, Insurance, Banking and the Public Sector, IT auditors and Digital marketing specialists. Basically they become all rounders in their areas of interest; in business and tech related fields.
Kenya
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology located in Juja a town in Kenya. Offers Bachelor of Science Business Computing as a four year program.
References
Business education |
44506478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet%C5%91fi%20Prize | Petőfi Prize | The Petőfi Prize was established by the Public Foundation for the Research of Central and Eastern European History and Society in 2009 recognizes outstanding efforts made to advance freedom and democracy of Central European nations. MOL Group (Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company) has joined the foundation. The founders intend to reward those who have made the noblest and gravest decisions of human coexistence without making compromises by a bust and a sum of EUR 10.000.
Description
The Public Foundation for the Research of Central and Eastern European History and Society established the Petőfi Prize in 2009 to acknowledge the outstanding efforts made to advance freedom and democracy of Central European nations. This prize is awarded to those outstanding people of the region or the whole world who have set an example and helped freedom to advance with their personal sacrifice and persistence. The founders wish to recognize and honour those people who, similarly to Petőfi, have made the noblest and gravest decisions of human coexistence without making compromises by the prize – a bust of Sándor Petőfi by Richárd Juha- and the sum of EUR 10.000 reward. Without them our world would have been deprived of values which provide meaning for notions like freedom, justice and sacrifice.
The Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company, MOL, has joined the foundation, give due weight to the message that, just like one of the most successful companies of Hungarian economy, this prize requires the utmost attention both locally and worldwide. The laureates are chosen both by the board and MOL from several nominees.
Laureates
2021 – Horia-Roman Patapievici
2020 – Tamás Deutsch and Imre Kónya
2019 – Sándor Lezsák and József Szájer
2018 – Václav Klaus
2017 – Stanisław Dziwisz
2016 – László Regéczy-Nagy és László Balás-Piri
2015 – Karol Sauerland
2014 – Imre Kozma and Mária Filep
2013 – Vladimir Bukovsky
2012 – Miroslav Kusý
2011 – Mart Laar
2010 – Anne Applebaum
2009 – László Tőkés, Gabriel Andreescu
References
Awards established in 2009
Hungarian awards |
17342097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Portugal%2C%20Toronto | Little Portugal, Toronto | Little Portugal (also known as Portugal Village; Portuguese: Pequeno Portugal / aldeia Portugal) is a neighbourhood and ethnic enclave in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located west of downtown in the "Old" City of Toronto. It is bound on the west by Lansdowne Avenue, on the north by College Street, on the east by Bathurst Street and on the south by the Go Transit and Union Pearson Express railway tracks. The area is mainly residential, with Portuguese businesses along Dundas Street West and College Street. The area west of Dufferin Street was a part of the former Town of Brockton. The area to the east of Dufferin and south of Dundas Street is also known as "Beaconsfield Village" dating back to the days of the sub-division of lots in the area around Beaconsfield Avenue.
Character
Little Portugal is predominantly a residential area. The largest ethnic group are Portuguese and numbers of Portuguese storefronts are located along College and Dundas Streets, giving the area its name. There is a fine stock of mid-century homes.
A major hub of activity in the area today is McCormick Park, home to McCormick Recreation Centre and Arena on Brock Avenue. This area has long been a focal point for youth living in the area.
Demographics
The area has many residents of Portuguese and more recently Brazilian backgrounds. The second largest language group used after Portuguese are Chinese, Spanish, and Vietnamese. Above 50% of the population in Little Portugal identify as Portuguese.
Transportation
The area is well-served by the TTC. There are the 505 and 506 streetcar lines along Dundas and College. There are north-south bus lines on Lansdowne, Dufferin, and Ossington.
Main streets
Dundas Street West is a four-lane east-west arterial road running through the centre of the neighbourhood. From Ossington Avenue west the street is known as Rua Açores. There are storefronts along most of the street and are primarily local businesses. College Street West is a four-lane arterial road approximately a quarter-mile north of Dundas meeting Dundas at its western end just west of Lansdowne Avenue. It has storefronts along most of its length. College Street has several areas of Portuguese restaurants and bars east and west of Dufferin Avenue.
In 2006, the businesses on Dundas Street from the CNR tracks on the west to Rusholme Road on the east organized the 'Dundas West Business Improvement Area.' In 2007, the 'Little Portugal Business Improvement Area' was formed for the stretch of businesses along Dundas Street from Rusholme Road (just east of Dufferin) to Roxton Road (one block east of Ossington) on the east.
Schools
Shirley Street Public School - Junior Elementary
Alexander Muir/Gladstone Avenue Public - Junior and Senior Elementary
St. Helen's Catholic School- Catholic Elementary School
Ossington/Old Orchard Junior Public School
See also
Portuguese Canadians
References
External links
Little Portugal neighbourhood profile
Neighbourhoods in Toronto
Portuguese neighborhoods
Ethnic enclaves in Ontario
European-Canadian culture in Toronto
Portuguese-Canadian culture |
17342112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aim%C3%A9%20Dossche | Aimé Dossche | Aimé Dossche (28 March 1902 - 30 October 1985) was a Belgian racing cyclist who won two stages in the 1926 Tour de France and one stage in the 1929 Tour de France, and as a result wore the yellow jersey for three days., although some sources indicate that two of those days he joined the lead with Aime Déolet, Marcel Bidot and Maurice Dewaele. Dossche was born in Landegem and died in Ghent.
Major results
1925
Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
1926
Tour de France:
Winner stages 2 and 17
1927
Mere
1928
Circuit de Champagne
Erembodegem-Terjoden
Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
1929
Landegem
Tour de France:
Winner stage 1
Wearing yellow jersey for three days
1930
Oudenaarde
Zelzate
1931
Ghent
Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
References
External links
Belgian male cyclists
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
Sportspeople from East Flanders
1902 births
1985 deaths
People from Nevele |
17342113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail%20Pavlov%20%28politician%29 | Mikhail Pavlov (politician) | Mikhail Pavlov (, ) (September 1, 1952 – June 6, 2010) was a Belarusian statesman, and was Mayor of Minsk.
Biography
He graduated from a secondary school Mahiliou, Machine-Building Institute and the Academy of National Economy by the Government of Russian Federation. He has specialized as an engineer-technician for welding equipment and technologies and manager of higher qualification.
He started working as an electric welder in Valozhyn region. After serving in the army, for ten years he headed several big machine-building enterprises in the city of Baranovichi as a general manager and he was elected to the post of the Mayor of Baranovichi in 1997. He was elected into Council of the Republic of Belarus of the National Assembly of Belarus twice, in 2000 and 2004.
He was the Chairman of Minsk City Executive Committee (mayor) from March 28, 2000 until his death.
He was married, and is survived by a daughter.
References
External links
Biography, Minsk City Executive Committee
1952 births
2010 deaths
Mayors of Minsk
People from Shklow District
Members of the Council of the Republic of Belarus
Members of the House of Representatives of Belarus |
44506481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201957 | The Boat Race 1957 | The 103rd Boat Race took place on 30 March 1957. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. The race was umpired by former Oxford rower Gerald Ellison. Despite Oxford being favourites and with the heaviest crew in the history of the event, Cambridge won by two lengths in a time of 19 minutes 1 second. The victory took the overall record to 57–45 in their favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1956 race by lengths, and led overall with 56 victories to Oxford's 45 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Cambridge's coaches were James Crowden (who had rowed for the Light Blues in the 1951 and 1952 races), D. K. Hill (who had rowed for Cambridge in 1953 and 1954), Derek Mays-Smith (who had represented Cambridge in the 1955 and 1956 races and James Owen. Oxford were coached by J. H. Page, L. A. F. Stokes (a Dark Blue in 1951 and 1952) and R. A. Wheadon (who had rowed in the 1954 race). The race was umpired by Gerald Ellison, the Bishop of Chester, who had rowed for Oxford in the 1932 and 1933 races.
According to the rowing correspondent of The Times, "never in the past 10 years has there been such unanimity in Boat Race forecasts as this year, when only the staunchest Cambridge supporters could see more than an outside chance of a light blue victory". He described the Oxford crew as "exceptionally strong and mechanically quite efficient" yet "lacks polish and uniformity" and while Cambridge were demonstrated uniformity, they rowed in a way which "does look like hard work". In the build-up to the race, Oxford's time in their second full course row was 45 seconds quicker than that rowed by Cambridge the previous day.
Crews
The Oxford crew weighed an average of 13 st 3 lb (83.7 kg), per rower more than their opponents, making them the heaviest crew on record. Cambridge's crew featured a single rower with Boat Race experience: their number six and boat club president Michael Delahooke had rowed in the previous year's race. Oxford saw four rowers return who had previously participated in the event. Two members of each crew were registered as non-British: Oxford's Roderick Carnegie was Australian while their cox A. Said was from Pakistan. Cambridge's crew included two Americans in J. R. Meadows and their cox R. C. Milton.
Race
Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Middlesex station, handing the Surrey side of the river to Cambridge. Both crews rowed 38 strokes in the first minute, with the Light Blues holding a canvas-length lead. While Oxford dropped their stroke rate to 32 strokes per minute, Cambridge continued at pace, rating 35 strokes per minute in an attempt to extend their early lead through to Beverley Brook. Oxford's longer stroke saw them pass Cambridge to pass the Mile Post around a length ahead. At the Crab Tree pub, Cambridge pushed on while the Dark Blues maintained their rhythm, with the rowing correspondent for The Times suggesting this was "Oxford's tactical error".
The Dark Blues' lead was down to half a length by the time the crews passed Harrods Furniture Depository and by Hammersmith Bridge Cambridge had edged ahead. Still out-rating Oxford, the Light Blues gradually pulled away and were a length and a half ahead by Chiswick Steps. With no response from Oxford, Cambridge extended their advantage further to around two lengths by Barnes Bridge, a lead which they held at the finishing post in a time of 19 minutes 1 second. They secured their third consecutive victory and their ninth win in eleven years and taking the overall record in the race to 57–45 in their favour. At the post-race dinner, held at the Royal Automobile Club in Pall Mall, the Oxford boat club president Carnegie defended his crew's style: "The style was all right but we did not match up to it". His counterpart Delahooke suggested that had the race been held ten days prior, Oxford would have won.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1957 in English sport
1957 in rowing
The Boat Race
March 1957 sports events in the United Kingdom
1957 sports events in London |
17342127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillium%20decumbens | Trillium decumbens | Trillium decumbens, also known as the decumbent trillium or trailing wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family (Melanthiaceae). It is native to the southeastern United States, specifically Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama, where it grows in mature deciduous woodlands or on open rocky wooded slopes.
Description
T. decumbens is a perennial herbaceous plant that blooms from mid-March to April. The dark maroon flower petals are long and twisted, and held upright at full bloom. The flowers emit a strongly fetid odor. Unlike most other trilliums, its stems grow along the ground ("decumbent") rather than standing upright, so that the plant appears to rest on the surrounding leaf litter. This characteristic is what drew the attention of its discoverer, Charles Lawrence Boynton. Its leaves are mottled green and silver. They die back early in the season while the fruit, a dark purple berry, is still developing. By early autumn, the ripe fruit is presented on a stalk without surrounding leaves.
Taxonomy
Thomas Grant Harbison formally described the species in 1902, as part of a project to review what he considered the neglected biodiversity within the genus. He emphasized the uniqueness of its combination of a decumbent and finely-hairy stem, relatively large and twisted petals, and prominently elongated anther connectives to distinguish it from other trilliums. Although this species is secure it is critically imperiled in the Tennessee and vulnerable in both Georgia and Alabama.
Several "amazingly disjunct" central Georgia populations formerly identified as T. decumbens are thought to constitute a new species, Trillium delicatum . The latter differs markedly from T. decumbens genetically, morphologically, and ecologically, resembling it only in general appearance.
Bibliography
References
External links
Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) occurrence data and maps for Trillium decumbens
decumbens
Flora of the Eastern United States |
44506489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ggaba%20landing%20site | Ggaba landing site | Gaba landing site is found on Lake Victoria, in Ggaba, Kampala Uganda. It is used as a centre for fish trade in Uganda.
Developments
Ggaba landing site is on the shores of lake victoria. It is in Kampala. It is frequented by people who go to Ggaba beach which neighbours it. The site has a market where fish and foodstuffs are sold. it also has storage units, a trading point for fish, and offices for Kampala Capital City authority, which supervises the activities on the site.
Fishing activities
Fishermen set off from the site and return with fish to sell. The fish mostly caught in the waters near the site include: Nile perch, Tilapia, Lung fish and Cat fish. Fishing is mostly done in the middle of the lake, a little distance from the site. It is tilapia that is fished near the shore. Fishing has changed at the site over the years, from using small canoes to using motorized boats. The mode of transportation of fish has also evolved. The fish are moved in containers with ice, unlike before when they were simply dropped inside a boat and then delivered.
See also
Fishing in Uganda
Fishing sites and Villages/communities in Uganda
Types of fish in Uganda
References
External links
"Uganda: Egypt Donates Shs219m for Upgrading Ggaba Landing Site"
"Darlyn Komukama photography"
"Ggaba suffocating Lake Victoria"
Ggaba
Water in Uganda
Kumusha |
17342128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Yeargan | Michael Yeargan | Michael H. Yeargan is an American set designer for theatre and opera.
Yeargan is a professor of Stage Design at the Yale School of Drama and has designed for opera companies all over the world, including the Washington Opera and the Dallas Opera. His scenic designs for Broadway include South Pacific, Cymbeline, Awake and Sing!, Seascape, The Light in the Piazza, The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm, Ah, Wilderness!, Hay Fever, It Had to Be You, A Lesson from Aloes, Dirty Linen & New-Found-Land, Something Old, Something New, Me Jack, You Jill, The Ritz, Bad Habits, and Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown.
Yeargan also designed sets for A Day in the Death of Joe Egg and The Illusion at the Dallas Theatre Center.
References
External links
Resume at the Los Angeles Opera
Year of birth missing (living people)
Yale University faculty
American scenic designers
Broadway set designers
Drama Desk Award winners
Tony Award winners
Living people
Yale School of Drama alumni |
17342137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunuch%20%28disambiguation%29 | Eunuch (disambiguation) | A eunuch is a man who has been castrated.
Eunuch or Eunuchs may also refer to:
Eunuch (TV series), a 1980 Hong Kong TV series
Eunuch (1986 film), a 1986 South Korean film
The Eunuch, a 1971 Hong Kong film directed by Teddy Yip
Eunuchs (documentary), a 2007 British documentary
Eunuchus, a comedy by the 2nd century BCE Roman playwright Terence
See also
Eunice (disambiguation)
UNICE (disambiguation)
Unix (disambiguation) |
23580025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E127%20series | E127 series | The is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on local services by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan since 1995, and also by the third-sector railway operator Echigo Tokimeki Railway since March 2015 as the ET127 series. The design is derived from the 209 series commuter EMU.
Variants
E127-0 series: 13 x 2-car sets built for the Niigata area (originally used on Echigo Line, Hakushin Line, Uetsu Main Line)
E127-100 series: 12 x 2-car sets for Matsumoto area (Oito Line, Shinonoi Line)
ET127 series: 10 x former E127-0 series 2-car sets operated by Echigo Tokimeki Railway (ETR) since March 2015
All types use the same DT61A motor bogies and TR246A trailer bogies found on the 701 series EMUs.
Operations
, E127 series train sets are used on the following lines.
E127-100 series
Oito Line ( – )
Shinetsu Main Line/Shinonoi Line ( – )
Chuo Main Line (Shiojiri – , Shiojiri – – )
ET127 series
Myoko Haneuma Line
Shinetsu Main Line ( – )
Former operations
E127-0 series (until March 2015)
Shinetsu Main Line (Nagaoka – Niigata)
Hakushin Line
Uetsu Main Line ( – )
E127-0 series (until March 2022)
Yahiko Line
Echigo Line ( – )
E127-0 series
Thirteen two-car sets were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Tokyu Car, and delivered to Niigata Depot in March 1995 (sets V1 to V6) and November 1996 (sets V7 to V13) for use on Echigo Line, Hakushin Line, and Uetsu Main Line local services. They entered service on 8 May 1995.
The sets can be coupled to form a six-car formation at maximum, and can be used on wanman driver only operation services.
On 14 March 2015, ten E127-0 series train sets were transferred to the third-sector railway operating company Echigo Tokimeki Railway for use on the renamed Myoko Haneuma Line and reclassified as ET127 series. Set V3 was withdrawn from service in October 2014, leaving just two sets, V12 and V13, in the ownership of JR East. These two sets were used mainly on Yahiko Line and Echigo Line services until March 2022.
Formation
, two two-car sets, V12 and V13, are in operation, based at Niigata Depot, formed as shown below, with one motored "Mc" car and one non-powered trailer "Tc" car.
The KuMoHa E127 car has one PS30 cross-arm type pantograph.
The KuHa E126 car has a toilet and wheelchair space.
E127-100 series
Twelve two-car sets were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, JR East (Tsuchizaki Factory), and Tokyu Car, and delivered to Matsumoto Depot in November and December 1998 for use on Ōito Line and Shinonoi Line local services. They entered service on 8 December 1998. The external styling differs from the earlier E127-0 series, resembling the 701 series design. Sets A7 to A12 have a second de-icing pantograph on the KuHa trailer car.
Formation
, twelve two-car sets (A1 to A12) based at Matsumoto Depot, are in operation, and formed as shown below, with one motored "Mc" car and one non-powered trailer "Tc" car, and car 1 at the Matsumoto end.
Car 1 has one PS34 single-arm pantograph. (Also on car 2 for sets A7 to A12.)
Car 2 has a toilet and wheelchair space.
Interior
ET127 series
From 14 March 2015, ten former JR East E127-0 series train sets were transferred to the third-sector railway operating company Echigo Tokimeki Railway for use on the renamed Myoko Haneuma Line, which was a section of the original Shin'etsu Main Line. The train sets were reclassified as ET127 series.
Formation
, Echigo Tokimeki Railway operates ten ET127 series two-car train sets, numbered from V1 to V10. The train sets are based at Naoetsu Depot.
One train set is configured to have one motored "Mc" car coupled with one non-powered trailer "Tc" car, as shown below:
The ET127 car has one cross-arm type pantograph.
Build histories
The build histories of individual sets are as follows
E127-0 series
E127-100 series
References
External links
JR East E127 series
Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1995
Tokyu Car rolling stock
Kawasaki rolling stock
1500 V DC multiple units |
17342143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott%20Dodds | Elliott Dodds | George Elliott Dodds CBE (4 March 1889 – 20 February 1977) was a British journalist, newspaper editor, Liberal politician and thinker.
Education and career
Elliott Dodds was born in Sydenham, in Kent, the son of a tea merchant. He was educated at Mill Hill School and New College, Oxford where he read history. While at Oxford Dodds was editor of Isis magazine and was narrowly defeated for the presidency of the Union. After graduating he worked briefly for Herbert Samuel as his private secretary and tutor to Samuel's sons. He then went to Jamaica and taught at Calabar High School. He returned to England intending to read for the bar but was drawn instead to journalism accepting the post of leader writer and literary assistant on the Huddersfield Examiner in 1914. He maintained his connection with the Huddersfield Examiner for sixty years, as editor from 1924 to 1959 and Consulting Editor after that. During the First World War, Dodds lived in London editing the War Pictorial, a government publication designed to bolster civilian morale.
Politics and liberalism
In 1920 Dodds wrote his first book, Is Liberalism Dead? As far as Dodds' efforts to enter Parliament were concerned, it seemed it was. He tried without success at York in 1922 and 1923, at Halifax in 1929 and at Rochdale in 1931 and 1935. At Rochdale in 1931, Dodds stood in support of the National Government but because of his views on free trade and opposition to tariffs the Conservatives decided to put up their own National candidate thus splitting the anti-Labour vote. Un-discouraged by his defeats, he continued to play a role in the National League of Young Liberals of which he was president from 1932 to 1937 and to write about Liberalism publishing Liberalism in Action in 1922 and The Social Gospel of Liberalism in 1926.
Dodds' Liberalism was in the classical liberal tradition, unsympathetic to excessive state intervention in the economy and it put him in broad opposition to the social and industrial policies which the party took up in the 1920s and 1930s in response to the depression and mass unemployment. However he was clever and tribal enough to recognise the electoral value of such policies and politically nimble enough to reconcile it with his own position by placing it in the several strands of liberal thought around which the party needed to coalesce. As Wilson points out, there was a choice for radicals and traditionalists in the party. They could withdraw from politics, they could defect to other parties or they could "allow distrust of Lloyd George to be outweighed by sympathy for the new thought and daring programme he was offering". In 1938 Dodds chaired the party's Ownership for All Committee. Its resulting report reiterated the traditional Liberal position on the role of property ownership as the "bedrock of liberty". The report called for restoration of free trade, reforms of the rating system, and came out against state intervention in the economy except in the most extreme of circumstances. More positively it also promoted co-ownership in industry – a policy with which Dodds became increasingly associated. The report was endorsed by the 1938 Liberal Assembly but was a cause of tension and dispute between the left and right of the party for years.
However Dodds was not one of those Liberals like Arthur Seldon, Oliver Smedley, Alfred Suenson-Taylor, 1st Baron Grantchester or S. W. Alexander who openly campaigned to build high the edifice of Gladstonian liberalism in the party to ward off the rising floodwater of William Beveridge and John Maynard Keynes and who drifted away from mainstream party thinking to the right, into influential think-tanks like the Institute of Economic Affairs or organisations such as the Society for Individual Freedom between the 1930s and 1960s. Dodds welcomed the Beveridge Report and maintained links with the radical wing of the party. In 1953 he became chairman of the Unservile State Group, which aimed to explore the attitudes and policies of British Liberalism for the first time since the publication of the Liberal Yellow Book in 1928. It did not seek to promote any particular Liberal brand or establish any new path for the Liberalism but disseminate ideas which were distinctly liberal, reflecting the rich variety of the liberal tradition. In 1957 Dodds wrote in the opening chapter of the book The Unservile State: Essays in Liberty and Welfare that he looked forward to the Liberals "re-establish[ing] themselves in their natural position as the acknowledged leaders of the Left...". He understood that political parties could not stand still writing in his 1947 book The Defence of Man that "on the Continent, Liberal thought remained hobbled by the dogmas of laissez-faire, and the Liberal parties failed to go forward".
Dodds was president of the Liberal Party in 1948 and was later elected on a number of occasions as one of the party's vice-presidents along with such figures as William Beveridge, Lady Megan Lloyd George, Dingle Foot and Lady Violet Bonham Carter.
Family and private life
Dodds married Frances Zita MacDonald, the daughter of a Congregationalist minister of religion, in 1918. They had two daughters. His wife died in 1971. Dodds was a committed Christian serving Highfield Congregationalist Church as a deacon throughout his life and he loved to play golf.
References
Works by Elliott Dodds
Is Liberalism Dead? – 1920
Liberalism in Action – 1922
Ownership for All – 1938
Let's Try Liberalism – 1944
The Defence of Man – 1947
"Liberty and Welfare", in Watson, G., ed., The Unservile State – 1957
The Logic of Liberty (with E. Reiss) – 1966
External links
Biography of Dodds – Liberal Democrat History Group
1889 births
1977 deaths
People educated at Mill Hill School
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Presidents of the Liberal Party (UK)
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire |
17342146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayden%20pass | Hayden pass | Hayden pass may refer to several places:
Hayden Pass (Colorado)
Hayden Pass Fire, a 2016 wildfire
Hayden Mountain Summit (Oregon) |
20483837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20in%20Canada | 2009 in Canada | Events from the year 2009 in Canada.
Incumbents
Crown
Monarch – Elizabeth II
Federal government
Governor General – Michaëlle Jean
Prime Minister – Stephen Harper
Chief Justice – Beverley McLachlin (British Columbia)
Parliament – 40th
Provincial governments
Lieutenant governors
Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – Norman Kwong
Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Steven Point
Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – John Harvard (until August 4) then Philip S. Lee
Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Herménégilde Chiasson (until September 30) then Graydon Nicholas
Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador – John Crosbie
Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Mayann Francis
Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – David Onley
Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Barbara Oliver Hagerman
Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Pierre Duchesne
Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Gordon Barnhart
Premiers
Premier of Alberta – Ed Stelmach
Premier of British Columbia – Gordon Campbell
Premier of Manitoba – Gary Doer (until October 19) then Greg Selinger
Premier of New Brunswick – Shawn Graham
Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador – Danny Williams
Premier of Nova Scotia – Rodney MacDonald (until June 19) then Darrell Dexter
Premier of Ontario – Dalton McGuinty
Premier of Prince Edward Island – Robert Ghiz
Premier of Quebec – Jean Charest
Premier of Saskatchewan – Brad Wall
Territorial governments
Commissioners
Commissioner of Yukon – Geraldine Van Bibber
Commissioner of Northwest Territories – Tony Whitford
Commissioner of Nunavut – Ann Meekitjuk Hanson
Premiers
Premier of the Northwest Territories – Floyd Roland
Premier of Nunavut – Eva Aariak
Premier of Yukon – Dennis Fentie
Events
January to March
January 5 – Fourth explosion from 2008-09 British Columbia pipeline bombings destroyed a metering shed near the community of Tomslake, British Columbia.
January 8 – Large amount of gang violence in Vancouver starts.
January 15 – A large blackout hits Toronto effecting an estimated 250,000 people.
January 26 – The 40th Canadian Parliament reopens for its second session after a two-month prorogation. Governor General Michaëlle Jean reads the Speech from the Throne.
January 27 – Finance Minister Jim Flaherty presents the 2009 Canadian federal budget to the House of Commons of Canada.
January 28
Opposition Leader Michael Ignatieff announces the support of the Liberal Party for the budget on the condition that his amendment is included.
The first of the 2009 Canadian Tamil protests begin in front of the Consulate General office of Sri Lanka in Toronto.
January 29 – 2008-09 York University Strike comes to an end with a count of 42–8 ending the strike.
February 19 – Newly-sworn American President Barack Obama made his first foreign trip by visiting Canada.
February 22 – Spanish fishing vessel Monte Galineiro sank off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador.
March 12 – A helicopter crash off the coast of Newfoundland kills 17.
March 17 – Former U.S. President George W. Bush gave a talk in Calgary, Alberta.
March 29 – Researchers from the University of Toronto discover GhostNet.
April to September
April 2 – Stephen Harper attends the 2009 G-20 London summit.
April 6 – Tamil protesters gather at Parliament Hill, Ottawa for a non-stop, continuous protest requesting Harper to call for a ceasefire to the Sri Lankan Civil War. Six people begin their own hunger strikes.
April 8 – Victoria "Tori" Stafford is abducted from Oliver Stephens Public School in Woodstock, Ontario.
April 26 – First cases of the 2009 H1N1 outbreak are confirmed in Canada.
April 30 – Liberal Party of Canada leadership convention is held in Vancouver, British Columbia.
May 6 – Canada begins negotiations with the European Union on the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement.
May 20 – Two people, Michael Thomas Rafferty, and Terri-Lyne McClintic are charged with the abduction and murder of Victoria "Tori" Stafford.
June 17 – School stabbings happen at St. Joseph Secondary School in Mississauga.
June 22 – Start of the 2009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike.
June 24 to July 3 – Death and state funeral of Roméo LeBlanc, former Governor General
July 4 – Natural gas line was bombed for the sixth time near Dawson Creek.
July 8 – Stephen Harper attends the 35th G8 summit.
July 9 – A small plane crashed on final approach to Vancouver International Airport, killing all two people on board. No one on the ground was injured, while an IKEA in the parking lot suffered some damage.
July 17 – R. v. Grant is ruled on at the Supreme Court of Canada.
July 23 – Shawn Atleo is chosen as the organization's new national chief at the Assembly of First Nations leadership convention.
August 1 – One person was killed and seventy-five others were injured, when the stage collapsed at the Big Valley Jamboree due to a severe thunderstorm and high winds.
August 6 – The 67th World Science Fiction Convention is held in Montreal, Quebec at the Palais des congrès de Montréal.
August 19 – CrossIron Mills opens near the Calgary area.
August 20 – 18 tornadoes rated up to F2 struck Southwestern Ontario, Central Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area.
October to December
October 17
Greg Selinger is chosen as the new leader of the Manitoba New Democratic Party and the new Premier of Manitoba.
Danielle Smith is chosen as the new leader of the Wildrose Alliance Party of Alberta.
October 18 – Gilles Taillon is chosen as the new leader of the Action démocratique du Québec.
October 20 – Former U.S. President George W. Bush spoke in Edmonton, Alberta.
October 22 – Former U.S. President George W. Bush spoke in Montreal, Quebec.
October 29 – The premiers of New Brunswick and Quebec sign a memorandum of understanding to sell most assets of NB Power to Hydro-Quebec for C$4.75 billion.
November 9 – Four by-elections are held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons.
November 10 – Just 23 days after assuming the leadership of the Action démocratique du Québec, Gilles Taillon resigns, citing both caucus infighting and alleged irregularities in the party's financial records which he called on the Sûreté du Québec to investigate.
November 15 – Mike Schreiner is chosen as the new leader of the Green Party of Ontario.
December 10 – The Olympic torch arrives at Parliament Hill and is carried into the House by Barbara Ann Scott.
December 15 – Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive is welcomed to Canada to talk about security and development of Haiti
Unknown date
The government cryptologic agency, Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing, is founded.
Arts and literature
Art
March 6 – Art and Social Responsibility The Interdependence of the Arts and Civil Society conference is held in Toronto, Ontario.
Film
January 23 – 3 saisons is released in Quebec
April 4 – The 29th Genie Awards are held at the Canadian Aviation Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.
September 10 – The 2009 Toronto International Film Festival was held.
Music
March 29 – The Juno Awards of 2009 are held in Vancouver, hosted by Russell Peters.
September 21 – The 2009 Polaris Music Prize is won by Fucked Up for their album The Chemistry of Common Life.
Television
Literature
Scotiabank Giller Prize – Linden MacIntyre, The Bishop's Man
Sport
January 4 – The 2009 World U-17 Hockey Challenge is held in several cities in the Lower Mainland.
January 6 – Team Canada wins the 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships for the 5th time in a row.
February 4 – The 2009 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships is held in Vancouver.
March 12 – The 2009 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships are held in Richmond, BC.
April 13 – The 2009 Allan Cup is held in Steinbach, Manitoba.
May 15 – The 2009 season of the Canadian Soccer League starts.
May 24 – Windsor Spitfires won their First Memorial Cup by defeating the Kelowna Rockets 4 to 1. The Tournament was played at Colisée de Rimouski in Rimouski, Quebec
June 20 – In the 2009 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, Canada placed second in group A.
July 12 – The 2009 Honda Indy Toronto takes place at Exhibition Place in Toronto.
July 26
The Trophée des Champions Final was held in Montreal.
The 2009 Rexall Edmonton Indy takes place at the Rexall Speedway.
August 12 – 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships is held in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia on Lake Banook.
August 15 – Canada competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics
October 12 – The Canadian National Challenge Cup 2009 was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
November 28 – Queen's Golden Gaels won their Fourth(and First since 1992) Vanier Cup by defeating the Calgary Dinos 33 to 31 in the 45th Grey Cup played at PEPS Stadium in Quebec City
November 29 – Montreal Alouettes won their Sixth Grey Cup by defeating the Saskatchewan Roughriders 28 to 27 in the 97th Grey Cup played at McMahon Stadium in Calgary.
Deaths
January
January 8 – Richard John Neuhaus, churchman and author (born 1936)
January 10 – Jean Pelletier, politician and Mayor of Quebec City (born 1935)
January 11 – Daryl Seaman, businessman (born 1922)
January 20 – Stan Hagen, politician (born 1940)
January 22 – John Alan Beesley, diplomat and civil servant (born 1927)
January 23
Helen Maksagak, politician, first woman and first Inuk Northwest Territories Commissioner (born 1931)
Percy Smith, barrister, lawyer and politician (born 1922)
January 31
Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, politician and Senator (born 1928)
Dewey Martin, rock drummer (born 1940)
February
February 2 – Russ Germain, radio presenter (born 1947)
February 5
John W. Grace, first Privacy Commissioner of Canada (born 1927)
Leo Orenstein, director, producer and writer (b.c. 1919)
February 6 – George Karpati, neurologist and neuroscientist (born 1934)
February 8 – Bob Stephen, Canadian football player (born 1958)
February 23
Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, portrait sculptor (born 1913)
Scott Symons, writer (born 1933)
February 25 – Molly Kool, North America's first registered female sea captain (born 1916)
February 27 – James Page Mackey, chief of Toronto Police Service (born 1913)
March
March 1 – Alf Pike, ice hockey player and coach (born 1917)
March 2 – Michael Baker, politician (born 1957)
March 3
Gilbert Parent, politician and 33rd Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada (born 1935)
Alessandro De Rango, mathematician (born 1959)
March 4 – Yvon Cormier, wrestler (born 1938)
March 9 – Larry Regan, ice hockey player, coach and manager (born 1930)
March 10 – Tom Hanson, photojournalist (born 1967)
March 11 – Harvey Lowe, broadcaster and yo-yo world champion (born 1918)
March 13 – Andrew Martin, wrestler (born 1975)
March 15 – Edmund Hockridge, singer and actor (born 1919)
March 17 – Gaston Labrèche, Chief Justice of Quebec Superior Court
March 18 – Donald Tolmie, politician (born 1923)
March 21
Walt Poddubny, ice hockey player and coach (born 1960)
Doug Frith, MP for Sudbury (1980–1988), Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (1984) (born 1945)
March 22 – Archie Green, folklorist and musicologist (born 1917)
March 26 – Shane McConkey, extreme skier and base jumper (born 1969)
March 29 – Ivor Dent, politician and mayor of Edmonton (born 1924)
April
April 2
Émilie Lavoie, supercentenarian (born 1898)
Albert Sanschagrin, Bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (born 1911)
April 6 – J. M. S. Careless, historian (born 1919)
April 8 – Victoria Stafford, murder victim (born 2000)
April 10 – Frank Morris Canadian football player (born 1923)
April 12
Derek Weiler, editor and writer (born 1968)
Danny Cameron, politician (born 1924)
Kent Douglas, ice hockey player and coach (born 1936)
April 23 – Gordon Gair, lacrosse player (born 1916)
April 24 – Orville Howard Phillips, politician and Senator (born 1924)
April 27 – John Crispo, economist and educator (born 1933)
April 28 – Ted Reynolds, television and radio sportscaster (born 1925)
May
May 3 – Renée Morisset, pianist (born 1928)
May 7
Robin Blaser, author and poet (born 1925)
Hugh Stansfield, Chief Judge of the Provincial Court of British Columbia (born 1952)
May 11 – Lude Check, ice hockey player (born 1917)
May 19 – Clint Smith, ice hockey player and coach (born 1913)
May 20 – Arthur Erickson, architect and urban planner (born 1924)
May 22 – Randy Steele, television news reporter (born 1962)
May 26
Charles Dalfen, chairperson of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (born 1943)
Peter Zezel, ice hockey player (born 1965)
May 27 – Abram Hoffer, orthomolecular psychiatrist (born 1917)
May 28
Marcel Béliveau, television host, film director and comedian (born 1940)
Lawrence Heisey, businessman (born 1930)
John Tolos, wrestler and wrestling manager (born 1930)
Betty Tancock, Olympic swimmer (born 1911)
May 29 – Hank Bassen, ice hockey player (born 1932)
May 30 – Eva Dawes, bronze medal-winning Olympic high jumper (1932) (born 1912)
June
June 3
David Bromige, poet (born 1933)
Sam George, native rights activist (born 1952)
Benoit Marleau, actor (born 1937)
June 8 – Sheila Finestone, politician and Senator (born 1927)
June 8 – Nathan Marsters, ice hockey player (born 1980)
June 14
William McIntyre, Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (1979–1989) (born 1918)
Angela Coughlan, swimmer and Olympic bronze medalist (born 1952)
June 15 – Allan King, film director (born 1930)
June 17
Gordon Wray, politician (born 1951)
Tony Wong, politician (born 1948)
Charles A. Barkley, politician, Mayor of South Dundas, Ontario (born 1950)
June 20 – Roseanne Allen, Olympic cross-country skier (born 1954)
June 21 – Lorena Gale, playwright (born 1958)
June 22 – Billy Red Lyons, professional wrestler (born 1932)
June 23 – Raymond Berthiaume, jazz musician, singer and record producer (born 1931)
June 24 – Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General & politician (born 1927)
June 27 – Jackie Washington, blues musician (born 1919)
June 28 – Terry Black, singer (born 1949)
June 29
Jan Rubeš, Czech-Canadian singer and actor (born 1920)
Pauline Picard, politician, MP for Drummond (1993–2008) (born 1947)
Glen Nicoll, farm writer and photojournalist (born 1953)
Dave Batters, politician, MP for Palliser (2004–2008) (born 1969)
July
July 4 – Leo Mol, sculptor (born 1915)
July 5 – Waldo Von Erich, professional wrestler (born 1933)
July 6 – Martin Streek, disc jockey (born 1964)
July 9 – Ron Kennedy, ice hockey player and trainer (born 1953)
July 11
Arturo Gatti, boxer (born 1972)
Reg Fleming, hockey player (Chicago Blackhawks) (born 1936)
July 13 – Neil Munro, director, actor and playwright (born 1947)
July 14 – Phyllis Gotlieb, science fiction author (born 1926)
July 15 – Brian Goodwin, mathematician (born 1931)
July 16
Jerry Holland, fiddler and composer (born 1955)
Charles Gonthier, jurist, Supreme Court Justice (1989–2003) (born 1928)
July 18 – Robert Uffen, research geophysicist, professor, and university administrator (born 1923)
July 21 – Les Lye, actor and broadcaster (born 1924)
July 22 – Mark Leduc, Olympic boxer (born 1964)
July 26 – Jerry Yanover, Liberal Party strategist (born 1947)
July 27 – Lee Orr, Olympic athlete (born 1917)
July 30 – Joy Langan, Member of Parliament for Mission—Coquitlam (1988–1993) (born 1943)
August
August 5
Al Tomko, professional wrestler (born 1931)
Gerald Cohen, Marxist political philosopher (born 1941)
August 6
Donald Marshall, Jr., Aboriginal wrongfully convicted of murder (born 1953)
Stanley Haidasz, politician, MP for Trinity (1957–1958) and Parkdale (1962–1978), Senator (1978–1998) (born 1923)
August 10 – Sylvia Lennick, sketch comedy actor (Wayne and Shuster) (born 1915)
August 13
Al Purvis, Olympic gold medal-winning ice hockey player (1952) (born 1929)
Joseph Gilles Napoléon Ouellet, Archbishop of Rimouski (born 1922)
August 14 – Ted "Teeder" Kennedy, hockey player (born 1925)
August 21 – Chris McCubbins, Olympic athlete (born 1945)
August 22 – Muriel Duckworth, feminist and activist (born 1908)
August 29 – Sam Etcheverry, American-born Canadian football player, member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame (born 1930)
September
September 1 – Alexis Tioseco, Filipino-born Canadian film critic (born 1981)
September 7 – Fred Mills, musician (Canadian Brass) (born 1935)
September 9
Frank Mazzuca, businessman, Mayor of Capreol, Ontario (born 1922)
Eric Davidson, blind mechanic, survivor of the Halifax Explosion (born 1915)
September 10
Lyn Hamilton, author (born 1944)
Kerry Brown, professional wrestler (born 1958)
September 11 – Pierre Cossette, television producer (born 1923)
September 13 – Philip Aziz, artist (born 1923)
September 18 – Doug Fisher, journalist and politician, MP for Port Arthur (1957–1965) (born 1919)
September 19 – Gabriel Beaudry, Olympic rower (born 1927)
September 23 – Stuart Robertson, journalist and gardener (born 1944)
September 24 – Nelly Arcan, novelist (born 1973)
September 25 – Pierre Falardeau, movie director (born 1946)
September 27 – Alan Dick, principal of Canadian International School of Hong Kong (born 1954)
September 29 – Ray Nettles, Canadian football player (BC Lions) (born 1949)
October
October 1 – Luigi Moro, footballer and football coach (born 1918)
October 2 – Harvey Veniot, MLA for Pictou West (1956–1974), Speaker of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly (1961–1968) (born 1915)
October 6 – Douglas Campbell, actor (born 1922)
October 8 – Gerald Ferguson, artist (born 1937)
October 10 – Joan Orenstein, actress (born 1923)
October 11 – Herb Leblanc, musician (born 1928)
October 19 – Joseph Wiseman, actor (born 1918)
October 20 – Margaret Fitzgerald, supercentenarian (born 1896)
October 22 – Howard Darwin, sports promoter, founder of the Ottawa 67's (born 1931)
October 23
Lou Jacobi, actor (born 1913)
Jack Poole, multimillionaire, real estate developer (born 1933)
October 28 – Ted Nebbeling, former British Columbia MLA (born 1943)
October 28 – Taylor Mitchell, singer-songwriter (born 1990)
October 29 – Gino Fracas, football player (born 1930)
October 31 – Harry Gauss, soccer coach (born 1952)
November
November 1 – Gus Mitges, politician (born 1919)
November 5 – Adam Firestorm, professional wrestler (born 1976)
November 11
Bernd Dittrich, Austrian football player (born 1988)
Tony Anselmo, football executive (born 1918)
November 15 – Richard Carlyle, actor (born 1914)
November 22 – Haydain Neale, musician (born 1970)
November 28 – Gilles Carle, filmmaker (born 1929)
November 30 – George Atkins, radio and TV presenter (CBC), founder of Farm Radio International (born 1917)
Date uncertain – Claire Drainie Taylor, actor and writer
December
December 9 – Goldie Semple, stage actor (born 1952)
December 10
Roy Shatzko, football player (born 1940)
Jean-Robert Gauthier, MP for Ottawa East (born 1929)
December 11 – Damien Truth, wrestler (born 1980)
December 14 – David Pecaut, Municipal entrepreneur (born 1955)
December 18
Rex Yetman, bluegrass musician (born 1933)
Del St. John, ice hockey player (born 1931)
Harold Lundrigan, businessman (born 1928)
December 28 – Terry Matte, television news producer (born 1943)
December 30
Michelle Lang, reporter (born 1975)
Peter Corren, gay rights activist (born 1947)
See also
History of Canada
List of years in Canada
References
See also
2009 in Canadian music
2009 in Canadian television
List of Canadian films of 2009
External links
English language obituaries on the Web
The Globe and Mail: Obituaries
Years of the 21st century in Canada |
23580028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishad%20Bathiudeen | Rishad Bathiudeen | Rishad Bathiudeen is a Sri Lankan parliamentarian and former senior cabinet minister. He is the leader of the All Ceylon Makkal Congress (ACMC) Party, a registered political party in Sri Lanka. Bathiudeen was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) from the Vanni Electoral District in December 2001 and was re-elected in April 2004, after which he was again re-elected in April 2010 and 2015 June from the same Electoral District which comprises Vavuniya, Mannar and Mullathivu Administrative Districts. Rishad Bathiudeen holds a National Diploma in Technology (NDT) in Civil Engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka and is also a member of the Chartered Institute of Engineering (C.I.E.) in the UK.
On 19 October 2020, he was arrested by the Criminal Investigation Department during a raid in Dehiwela, where he is charged with criminal misappropriation of public funds, and violation of election laws with regard to the transportation of IDPs in government-owned SLTB buses to vote at the 2019 presidential election.
Legal Issues
Wilpattu deforestation
Environmental organizations filed a writ application in court against the illegal clearing of the Kallaru Forest Reserve and the construction of a housing project, which is adjacent to the Wilpattu National Park. The Court of Appeal upheld the view that it was illegal to cut down trees and construct houses in a protected forest reserve and held the Minister responsible, Bathuideen, accountable to the damage by exercising the 'Polluter Pays Principle' under Environmental law. Bathuideen was hence ordered to bear the full cost, which is over Rs. 1 billion, to reforest the Kallaru Reserve.
Alleged ties with extremists
In the aftermath of the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings Bathiudeen was accused of having ties with the bombers and interfering with the investigations in an attempt to release arrested suspects. According to the Army Commander Mahesh Senanayake, Bathiudeen called him three times first to confirm if a person was arrested and after ignoring him twice the commander confirmed that the person was arrested. Bathiudeen then mentioned the suspect's father and asked what can be done to which the army commander replied asking him to call back in one and a half years as he has the authority to detain him that long. Further a house belonging to his sister was rented out to the terrorists to which Bathiudeen stated that his sister was in Canada. Further he denied that his brother had any business dealings with the father of the bombers and also stated that the IDB under him provided materials to the terrorists legally as they provide materials to small and medium enterprises and did not know their use. As a result of the allegations members of the Joint Opposition signed a No Confidence Motion against Bathiudeen consisting of 10 charges including the arrest of Abdul Hanuth who was a secretary to Bathiudeen and a Maulavi who was an advisor to Bathiudeen. Further it also accused him of influencing the police not to arrest suspects under Prevention of Terrorism Act allowing them to be give bail on 6 May 2019,
On 31 May, Athuraliye Rathana Thera began a hunger protest requesting the removal of Muslim politicians with alleged ties to bad people including Rishad Bathiudeen and Hizbullah. There were several protests by Sinhala and Tamil as well as Hindu, Christian and Muslim figures and organisations in support of the thera including by relatives of the bomb blasts.
The protests were also supported by the Mahanayaka theras and Cardinal Malcolm Ranjith visited the fasting thera.
On 5 June, the All Island Canteen Owners' Association Chairman (AICOA) complained that Bathiudeen abused the Consumer Affairs Authority (CAA) to mistreat Sinhalese businessmen and also distributing food commodities unfit for human consumption through Lanka Sathosa. On 7 June, S. B Dissanayake and Dilan Perera and several other organisations filed charges against Bathiudeen to the CID including two murders, providing Sathosa vehicles to extremists as well as using state owned resources and removing whistleblowers from ministries after resigning. The Sinhala Buddhist Nationalist Ravana Balaya also provided a file with evidence against him to the Police Headquarters to be sent to the CID. In turn Bathiudeen filed a complaint against S. B and Wimal Weerawansa.
On 24 April 2021, Sri Lanka Police arrested Bathiudeen in connection with the attacks. Bathiudeen's brother was also arrested as well.
Alleged abuse of workers in household
J. Ishalini, a 16-year-old domestic worker who was living in Bathiudeen's house was hospitalized on 3 July 2021 for burn injuries and died on the 15 July. She had been brought to the Bathiudeen household in 2020 when she was still 15 years old.
Judicial Medical Officer (JMO)'s postmortem report showed evidence of possible long term sexual abuse for a long period but could not confirm if it happened in the Bathiudeen household or in her own household.
The investigations resulted in two maids accusing Shiyabdeen Ismath, the brother-in-law of Bathiudeen of raping them. Shiyabdeen Ayesha, wife of Badiutheen, her father Mohammed Shiybdeen, brother Shiyabdeen Ismath and the broker who brought Ishalini to the Bathiudeen household, Ponnaiah Pandaram were arrested by the police. In August 2021 another worker alleged sexual abuse and the police claimed that there had been another suicide of a domestic worker in the past.
See also
Cabinet of Sri Lanka
References
External links
1972 births
Industries ministers of Sri Lanka
Living people
Alumni of Zahira College, Colombo
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
People from Northern Province, Sri Lanka
Prisoners and detainees of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Moor engineers
Sri Lankan Moor politicians
Sri Lanka Muslim Congress politicians
Sri Lankan Muslims
Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Samagi Jana Balawegaya politicians |
20483848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellett%20Strait | Kellett Strait | The Kellett Strait () is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It separates Eglinton Island (to the west) and Melville Island (to the east). It opens into the McClure Strait to the south, and the Fitzwilliam Strait to the north.
Straits of the Northwest Territories |
23580040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandula%20Basnayake | Bandula Basnayake | Basnayake Mudiyanselage Bandula Basnayake (born 20 January 1947) is a Sri Lankan politician, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister.
References
1947 births
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
20483851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuscule%202612 | Minuscule 2612 | Minuscule 2612 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 184 parchment leaves (19.5 cm by 14.5 cm). Dated paleographically to the 13th century.
Description
The codex contains text of the four Gospels. The text is written in one column per page, in 21-28 lines per page.
The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, in the order: Mark, Luke, John, and Matthew.
Text
The Greek text of the codex, is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland did not place it in any Category.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 the manuscript is defective.
History
The codex now is located in the Kenneth Willis Clark Collection of the Duke University (Gk MS 5) at Durham.
See also
List of New Testament minuscules
Textual criticism
Biblical manuscript
References
External links
Minuscule 2612 at the Kenneth Willis Clark Collection of Greek Manuscripts
Minuscule 2612
13th-century biblical manuscripts
Duke University Libraries |
20483865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef%20Szanajca | Józef Szanajca | Józef Szanajca (17 March 1902 – 24 September 1939) was a Polish architect.
Founder and member of PRAESENS group: "The Praesens group played a pioneering role in the development of modern architecture in Poland. From 1927 a link with Le Corbusier was established. Its members participated in all the main meetings".
Józef Szanajca is one of the most eminent representatives of the Polish modern architecture, the holder of Malevich's and Bauhaus' ideas. Friend and partner to Bohdan Lachert. They won together the Grand Prix of Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) for the Polish pavilion.
Mobilized to Polish army, he died in combat in September 1939 during German invasion of Poland.
Notes
1902 births
1939 deaths
Polish military personnel killed in World War II
Polish soldiers
20th-century Polish architects |
17342148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca%20%28musician%29 | Becca (musician) | Rebecca Emily Hollcraft (born May 9, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter, and guitarist, known professionally as Becca, Becca-chan, and Bec Hollcraft. From 2012 to 2015, she was the lead singer in the rock band Stars in Stereo.
Early life
Hollcraft was born in Portland, Oregon. She began singing and writing songs at a young age and started playing guitar when she was 10 years old. When she was 13, a family friend recorded her at a choir event in school. The tape found its way to Meredith Brooks, who had been looking for a new artist to develop. "Bec has a powerhouse voice, and when I realized she could write songs, too… I was sold," said Meredith.
Career
2008–2011: Solo career
With the support of her parents, Hollcraft spent her summer vacation that year in Los Angeles with Meredith working on demos. In early 2008, Hollcraft signed a deal with Sony Music Entertainment Japan and released her first single "Perfect Me" on April 9, 2008, in Japan. The song was a featured theme song for the TV show, Damages, in its Japanese release (from April 2, 2008, to June 1, 2008). BECCA's debut five-song EP, Perfect Me, was released in Japan on June 4, 2008, with a second five-song EP, "Turn to Stone", released August 6, 2008. BECCA also contributed a cover of "I Drove All Night" to a Cyndi Lauper tribute-album that was released July 23, 2008.
Hollcraft's debut full-length album, Alive!!, was released on November 5, 2008. "I'm Alive" was the first single released (on September 23, 2008), along with a video. The album features the Roy Orbison cover song, "I Drove All Night", which she contributed to the We Love Cyndi Lauper tribute album in July 2008. On October 22 the single from the album—"I'm Alive!"—was released with a bonus B-side track cover of "Alone" by Heart. She performed in Baltimore at Otakon that year. The song was also used as the first ending theme of the anime Black Butler.
On September 29, 2009, Hollcraft released her U.S. debut EP, Kickin' & Screamin', on March 2, 2010.
2011–2015: Stars in Stereo
Stars in Stereo was formed in 2011. It consists of vocalist Hollcraft, guitarist Jordan McGraw, bassist Ryan "Frogs" McCormack, and drummer Drew Langan. The band came together after McGraw, McCormack, Langan, and Justin Siegel's band, City (Comma) State, broke up. The band spent most of 2012 on the road, touring in support of bands such as The Used, Foxy Shazam, Hoobastank, and Blue October. The band released the single and music video for "The Broken", in August 2012.
Later that year, they began recording their first full-length album. To hold fans over until the release, the band recorded two reinterpreted cover songs available as free downloads: Nine Inch Nails', "Closer" and Aerosmith's "Dream On". Their self-titled debut, Stars in Stereo, was released on April 9, 2013, through their own indie label.
In 2013, Stars in Stereo co-headlined on tour with Flyleaf and Drowning Pool, and toured with Bullet for My Valentine and Halestorm on the Hard Drive Live 5 tour.
In June 2013, Siegel left the group to pursue other interests. Frogs switched to bass, and the band continued as a quartet, releasing their second album Leave Your Mark in June 2014. The group disbanded in June 2015.
2015–present: Collaborations
Hollcraft's current musical endeavors include fantasy folk/rock band Blackhaven, techno project Wholecraft, and industrial metal band Contracult Collective.
Discography
Solo studio albums
Alive!! (2008)
Alive!!+5 (2009)
Tokyo-o-ing (2009)
Best (2011)
Extended plays
Perfect Me ～完璧な私～ (Kanpeki na Watashi) (2008)
Turn to Stone (2008)
Kickin' & Screamin''' (2010)
With Stars in Stereo
Stars in Stereo (2013)
Leave Your Mark (2014)
As Wholecraft
Last Survivor (2016)
Vanishing (2018)
Dig Deep (2019)
Ouroboros'' (2020)
References
1989 births
American women singer-songwriters
American women pop singers
American women rock singers
Living people
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Singer-songwriters from Oregon
Guitarists from Oregon
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American singers |
17342159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfair%20prejudice%20in%20United%20States%20evidence%20law | Unfair prejudice in United States evidence law | Unfair prejudice in United States evidence law may be grounds for excluding relevant evidence. "Unfair prejudice" as used in Rule 403 is not to be equated with testimony that is simply adverse to the opposing party. Virtually all evidence is prejudicial or it is not material. The prejudice must be "unfair".
Notes
External links
Committee Notes on Federal Rules of Evidence 403
United States federal law
United States evidence law |
20483882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav%20Vilbaste | Gustav Vilbaste | Gustav Vilbaste (until 1935 Gustav Vilberg; 3 September 1885 in Haavakannu, Kodasoo Parish – 21 February 1967 in Tallinn) was an Estonian botanist, publicist and conservationist.
He wrote the first Estonian-language keybooks on Estonian flora.
He was an honorary member of the Estonian Naturalists' Society.
References
External links
Page at Loodus.ee
1885 births
1967 deaths
20th-century Estonian botanists
Ethnobotanists
Conservationists
People from Kuusalu Parish
Recipients of the Protection of Natural Amenities Medal, Rank II
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 4th Class |
23580051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Jull | Albert Jull | Albert Edward Jull (6 December 1864 – 24 September 1940) was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party, the United Party and from 1938 the National Party.
Canada
Jull was born in Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada, in 1864. He received his education in Brantford at various public schools.
Life in New Zealand
He came to New Zealand with his parents in 1877. He arrived in Waipawa in 1881, for some years was engaged in store-keeping, and subsequently established himself in the brewing industry. Jull was chairman of the Waipawa County Council, was elected president of the New Zealand Counties Association in 1901, was for some years chairman of the Waipawa Town Board and of the District Hospital Board, and in 1894 was president of the New Zealand Fire Brigades' Association. He is an enthusiastic Oddfellow, is a Past Provincial Grand Master of the Hawke's Bay district, and in 1906 represented the district at the biennial conference held at Nelson. He chaired the Napier Harbour Board for 20 years, a role from which he retired in 1932.
Political activity
Jull first stood for the rural Hawke's Bay Region electorate of Waipawa in 1911 for the Liberal Party, coming second to George Hunter. Jull came second again in 1914 and 1919. In the , he was one of four candidates in the electorate as an Independent, coming third.
Jull represented the Waipawa electorate from the 1930 by-election after the death of Hunter.
In the 1935 election he was defeated by Labour's Max Christie. In 1938 he won the seat back from Christie, and held it until his death.
Jull died suddenly in Waipawa on 24 September 1940.
Notes
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:
1864 births
1940 deaths
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
People from the Hawke's Bay Region
People from Fort Erie, Ontario
Canadian emigrants to New Zealand
Local political office-holders in New Zealand
United Party (New Zealand) MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1911 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1914 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1919 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1922 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates |
23580054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein%20Ahamed%20Bhaila | Hussein Ahamed Bhaila | Hussain Ahamed Bhaila (born 18 May 1949) is a Sri Lankan politician, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister.
References
1949 births
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Muslim Congress politicians
Sri Lankan Moor politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
44506490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csilla%20Heged%C3%BCs | Csilla Hegedüs | Csilla Hegedüs (born 9 September 1967) is a Romanian politician and member of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) who served as Minister of Culture and Deputy Prime Minister in the Victor Ponta cabinet from November to December 2014. She was also State Secretary within the same ministry from March to November 2014.
In 1997, Hegedüs graduated with an economics degree from Babeș-Bolyai University; she had undertaken studies in tourism and business management at Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University. She also has a degree in adult education from the University of Pécs, which she attained in 2009. From 1997 to March 2014, she headed the Transylvania Trust Foundation, meant to preserve buildings in Transylvania. Subsequently, she became a state secretary at the Culture Ministry in March 2014, and was promoted to minister that November. She left her cabinet positions the following month when her party quit the government.
Notes
External links
Official site
Living people
1967 births
Politicians from Cluj-Napoca
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania politicians
Deputy Prime Ministers of Romania
Romanian Ministers of Culture
21st-century Romanian women politicians
21st-century Romanian politicians |
20483885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20O%27Donnell%20%28boxer%29 | John O'Donnell (boxer) | John O'Donnell (born 13 November 1985) is a London-based Irish Traveller professional boxer who is a former holder of the Commonwealth welterweight championship.
Professional boxing career
Early professional career
O'Donnell, had his first professional in April 2004 with a win over journeyman Jason Nesbitt at the Penningtons Nightclub in Bradford. Over the next three years he would fight 13 more times without defeat against a series of journeymen opponents before earning the right to fight for the English title in May 2007. His opponent for the vacant English belt was fellow unbeaten prospect Stuart Elwell. The fight ended with a 10 round points victory for O'Donnell. Following his win over Elwell, O'Donnell next travelled to Las Vegas in May 2007 to fight Mexican Christian Solano on the undercard of Floyd Mayweather's fight with Oscar De La Hoya. The bout ended with disappointment for the 15-0 prospect after the fight was stopped in the 2nd round giving victory to the Mexican. Such was the devastating nature of the defeat, O'Donnell took a year off from boxing and only returned in May 2008 with a win over journeyman Billy Smith. Four more victories followed in 2008 before being given the chance to fight for the Commonwealth title in 2009.
Commonwealth champion
O'Donnell's shot at a first major title came on 11 April 2009. In the opposite corner, the champion Craig Watson, had himself claimed the title with a win over Namibian Ali Nuumbembe and made one defence against Matthew Hatton, the brother of Ricky. It was a step up in class for O'Donnell and he signaled his entry into the top tier of domestic boxing with victory over Watson via a split decision in what was described as a close and scintillating contest. O'Donnell had been due to make the first defence of his newly won title on 5 September 2009 but due to problems making the weight had to settle for a non-title contest over 12 rounds against Tom Glover. The fight, shown live on ITV4, was too much of a step-up for Glover who was stopped in the 6th round with O'Donnell having taken full control. O'Donnell gave up the belt after coming under pressure from the Commonwealth council after a mandatory defence scheduled for 5 March 2010 against the Ghanaian boxer Philip Kotey fell through. On 7 May 2010 he stepped back into the ring to defeat Hungarian boxer Laszlo Balogh in the 5th round of an 8 round contest stating after the fight that he would like to meet Paul McCloskey in an all Irish contest for the European title. On 10 September 2010 O'Donnell fought the American former Olympic bronze medal winner Terrance Cauthen in an international contest at the York Hall. Winning the fight over 12 rounds O'Donnell claimed that Cauthen was the best boxer he had ever faced and that the reason why he gave up his Commonwealth belt was "because my team did not want that belt to hold me back, so I could go onto the next level".
British title challenge
On 19 February 2011 O'Donnell met former victim Craig Watson at the Wembley Arena to challenge for the vacant British title only for Watson to gain revenge by winning over 12 rounds.
Professional record
|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align="center" colspan=8|32 Wins (11 knockouts, 21 decisions), 2 Losses (1 knockout, 1 decision)|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res.|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rd., Time|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes'''
|-align=center
|-align=center
|Win|| 32-2 ||align=left| Erick Ochieng
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|-align=center
|Win|| 31-2 ||align=left| Tommy Tear
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 30-2 ||align=left| Jan Balog
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 29-2 ||align=left| Laszlo Fazekas
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 28-2 ||align=left| Jay Morris
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 27-2 ||align=left| Stephen Haughian
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 26-2 ||align=left| Thomas Mendez
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 25-2 ||align=left| Martin Welsh
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Loss|| 24-2 ||align=left| Craig Watson
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 24-1 ||align=left| Terrance Cauthen
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 23-1 ||align=left| Laszlo Robert Balogh
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 22-1 ||align=left| Tom Glover
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 21-1 ||align=left| Craig Watson
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 20-1 ||align=left| Suleyman Dag
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 19-1 ||align=left| Sergejs Sayrinovics
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 18-1 ||align=left| Sergejs Volodins
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 17-1 ||align=left| Jay Morris
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 16-1 ||align=left| Billy Smith
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Loss|| 15-1 ||align=left| Christian Solano
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 15-0 ||align=left| Stuart Elwell
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 14-0 ||align=left| Ernie Smith
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 13-0 ||align=left| Silence Saheed
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 12-0 ||align=left| Darren Gethin
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 11-0 ||align=left| Duncan Cottier
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 10-0 ||align=left| Karl Taylor
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 9-0 ||align=left| Zaid Bediouri
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 8-0 ||align=left| Matt Scriven
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 7-0 ||align=left| Ben Hudson
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 6-0 ||align=left| Ben Hudson
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 5-0 ||align=left| Duncan Cottier
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 4-0 ||align=left| Ernie Smith
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 3-0 ||align=left| Chris Long
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 2-0 ||align=left| Dave Hinds
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win|| 1-0 ||align=left| Jason Nesbitt
||| || || align=left|
|align=left|
References
External links
1985 births
20th-century Irish people
21st-century Irish people
Living people
People from County Galway
English male boxers
Sportspeople from County Galway
Irish male boxers
Welterweight boxers
Irish Traveller sportspeople
Irish Travellers |
23580080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Chandrasekaran | P. Chandrasekaran | Periyasamy Chandrasekaran (; 17 April 1957 – 1 January 2010) was a Sri Lankan trade unionist, politician and government minister.
Early life and family
Chandrasekaran was born on 17 April 1957 in Talawakelle in central Ceylon. He was educated at Sumana Demala Maha Vidyalayam, Talawakelle, St. Patrick's Vidyalayam, Talawakelle and Highlands College, Hatton. Following the death of his father he gave up his education to support his family.
Chandrasekaran was married Shanthini Devi. They had two daughters.
Career
Chandrasekaran became interested in politics at a young age and wrote articles in Tamil newspapers. He joined the Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC), becoming its vice-president in 1977. He was elected to the Talawakele Lindula Urban Council in 1982, Nuwara Eliya District Development Council in 1985 and Nuwara Eliya Divisional Council in 1987. He left the CWC in 1989 and formed the Up-Country People's Front (UCPF).
Chandrasekaran was one of the Democratic People's Liberation Front's (DPLF) candidates in Nuwara Eliya District at the 1989 parliamentary election but the DPLF failed to win any seats in Parliament. He was arrested in 1990. The draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act was used to arrest him 1993. He was elected to the Central Provincial Council whilst in custody.
Chandrasekaran was one of the UCPF's candidates for Nuwara Eliya District at the 1994 parliamentary election. He was elected and entered Parliament. He was re-elected at the 2000, 2001 and 2004 parliamentary elections.
After being elected to Parliament in 1994 he supported the new People's Alliance government. He held several ministerial appointments thereafter: Deputy Minister of Trade and Commerce (1994); Deputy Minister of Estate Housing (1994–99); Project Minister of Estate Infrastructure (2001); Minister of Community Development; Deputy Minister of Irrigation and Water Management (2001–04); and Minister of Community Development and Social Inequity Eradication (2007–10).
Chandrasekaran was a diabetic but drank whiskey which resulted in him suffering alcohol-related illnesses. He was receiving treatment from Northwick Park Hospital and St Mark's Hospital in the UK. Doctors had recommended that he stops drinking and after 4–6 months undergo liver transplant. According to his wife Chandrasekaran didn't follow the medical advice.
Chandrasekaran, who was at his home in Rajagiriya, failed to wake up on the morning of 1 January 2010. He was taken to the private Nawaloka Hospital where he was pronounced dead on admission. An autopsy revealed he had died of alcoholic cirrhosis.
Electoral history
References
1957 births
2010 deaths
Cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka
Ceylon Workers' Congress politicians
Deputy ministers of Sri Lanka
Indian Tamil politicians of Sri Lanka
Indian Tamil trade unionists of Sri Lanka
Local authority councillors of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the Central Provincial Council
People from Central Province, Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Hindus
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Up-Country People's Front politicians |
20483895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Olallo | José Olallo | José Olallo Valdés (12 February 1820 – 7 March 1889) was a Cuban professed religious and a professed member from the Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God. Olallo was dubbed as the "Poor People's Priest" even though Olallo was not an ordained priest - he was even encouraged to become one but refused. Olallo served as a nurse for his entire life and dedicated himself to the care of the ill and the poor and remained a pivotal figure in the hospital that he worked at.
Pope Benedict XVI approved his beatification and delegated Cardinal José Saraiva Martins to preside over it in Cuba on 29 November 2008.
Life
José Olallo was born in 1820 and found abandoned on 13 March 1820 at the Saint Joseph orphanage in Havana where he was then raised until 1827. The infant was left in a small bundle with his birthdate attached and a note explaining he had not been baptized. He was then transferred to the Benefencia orphanage in Havana. He was baptized on 15 March 1820.
In 1834 he applied for admission to the Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God who managed the Hospital of Saints Philip and James in Havana and was soon received into the order. He finished his novitiate in April 1835 and was assigned to serve at the order's Hospital of Saint John of God in Puerto Príncipe (now modern Camagüey). He would spend the rest of his life there nursing the sick and the poor and in 1845 was made the head nurse of the hospital. In 1856 he was named as the prior of the group.
Olallo was often dubbed the "Poor People's Priest" despite not being an ordained priest and even refused an offer to become one from the Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba upon the belief that he would no longer be able to work in the hospital that he came to love. He tended to victims of a cholera epidemic in 1833.
Olallo faced major challenges in his pastoral mission of healthcare during Cuba's Ten Years' War (1868-1878) and gave aid to people on both sides; the Spanish forces commandeered the hospital for their own uses. He continued to minister to the neediest from among the civilian population despite this Spanish commandeering of the hospital and was able to intercede with the armed forces in order to prevent a massacre under the draconian treatment that the Spanish had decreed during that conflict. Olallo was faced with the suppression of all religious orders from the liberal Spanish government in 1869 and the expulsion of all religious from peninsular Spain. The death of the sole other remaining member of his order in 1876 saw him live alone for the remainder of his life.
He died on 7 March 1889 and his remains were later relocated on 16 February 2008 to the chapel of the hospital where he served in.
Beatification
The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 7 February 1990 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God; the diocesan process opened in the Archdiocese of Camagüey under the direction of Archbishop Adolfo Rodríguez-Herrera from March to April 1990; the C.C.S. validated the cause on 1 February 1991. The historians approved the cause on 23 February 1999 before the C.C.S. received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1999. Theologians approved the cause on 22 November 2005 as did the C.C.S. on 20 June 2006 before Pope Benedict XVI confirmed Olallo's heroic virtue and named him as Venerable on 16 December 2006.
The process for a miracle opened in Camagüey under the direction of Archbishop Juan García Rodríguez who oversaw the diocesan process from 9 February to 8 March 2004 prior to the C.C.S. validating the process on 18 June 2004. The medical board assented to this miracle on 24 May 2007 as did theologians on 30 October 2007 and the C.C.S. on 8 January 2008; Pope Benedict XVI approved this miracle - and Olallo's beatification - on 15 March 2008.
Cardinal José Saraiva Martins presided over the beatification in Cuba on 29 November 2008 on the pope's behalf. The President of Cuba Raul Castro attended the beatification. Cardinal Jamie Lucas Ortega y Alamino and papal nuncio Luigi Nonazzi were also in attendance. Archbishop Juan García Rodríguez was also in attendance. The beatification miracle was the cure of the three-year-old Daniela Cabrera Ramos.
The current postulator for this cause is Fra Elia Tripaldi.
References
External links
Hagiography Circle
1820 births
1889 deaths
19th-century venerated Christians
19th-century Cuban people
Beatified Roman Catholic religious brothers
Beatifications by Pope Benedict XVI
Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God Order
Burials in Cuba
Cuban nurses
Cuban beatified people
Cuban Roman Catholics
Male nurses
People from Havana
Venerated Catholics by Pope Benedict XVI |
44506502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201958 | The Boat Race 1958 | The 104th Boat Race took place on 5 April 1958. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. The race was umpired by former Cambridge rower Kenneth Payne and featured the first cox to follow his father in steering one of the boats. The reigning champions Cambridge won by lengths in a time of 18 minutes 15 seconds, the third-fastest winning time in history, and took the overall record to 58–45 in their favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1957 race by two lengths, and led overall with 57 victories to Oxford's 45 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Cambridge were coached by J. R. F. Best, James Crowden (who rowed twice for Cambridge, in the 1951 and 1952 races), Brian Lloyd (a three-time Blue, rowing in the 1949, 1950 and 1951 races), J. R. Owen (who rowed in the 1959 and 1960 races) and Harold Rickett (three-time Blue between 1930 and 1932). Oxford's coaches were Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards (who rowed for Oxford in the 1926 and 1930 races), J. H. Page, C. F. Porter and L. A. F. Stokes (who rowed in the 1951 and 1952 races. The race was umpired for the sixth time by the former British Olympian Kenneth Payne, who had rowed for Cambridge in the 1932 and 1934 races.
In the buildup to the race, Cambridge's P. D. Rickett was struck down by influenza for a week and was unable to train.
Crews
The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 13 st 3 lb (83.7 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Oxford's crew had two rowers with Boat Race experience, including stroke G. Sorrell (who was rowing in his third race) and number four S. F. A. Miskin. Cambridge saw a single participant return in number three J. A. Pitchford. Two of the participants in the race were registered as non-British. Oxford's number six, Rodd Rubin, hailed from America while Cambridge's number five R. B. Ritchie was Australian.
Cambridge's James Sulley became the first cox to follow in his father's footsteps: A. L. "Jimmy" Sulley steered the Light Blues in the 1928 race. Peter Rickett, the Light Blues' number six, also followed his father (and coach for this year) Harold, while R. B. Ritchie's father A. B. Ritchie and Russell Carver's father Humphrey Roberton Carver also rowed for Cambridge, in the 1922 and 1925 races respectively. Oxford's stroke, David Edwards was the son of coach Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards who rowed in the 1930 race while P. D. Rickett's father and coach Harold rowed in three races for Cambridge, from 1930 to 1932.
Race
Cambridge, who went into the race as favourites, won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Oxford. In conditions described in The Times as "wretched" with fog and rain, the race started at 1:30 p.m. Although Oxford out-rated Cambridge, the Light Blues' length of stroke saw them hold a three-quarter length lead after the first minute. Continuing to pull away, Cambridge were clear by Beverley Brook, half a length clear by the time the crews passed Craven Steps and increased this to a length and a half by the Mile Post.
A spurt from Oxford at the Crab Tree pub made no impression on the lead. Oxford were still out-rating by Cambridge three strokes per minute as they passed below Hammersmith Bridge, two lengths adrift of the Light Blues. By Chiswick Steps, the lead was three lengths where Cambridge saw off another spurt, with Oxford now rowing six strokes per minute faster than their opponents. Able to relax, Cambridge passed the finishing post three and a half lengths clear of Oxford in a time of 18 minutes 15 seconds, the third fastest winning time in the event's history. It was Cambridge's fourth consecutive victory and the fastest winning time since the 1948 race. A correspondent writing in The Times described the victory as a "great success" and attributed the win to Cambridge's "uniformity, precision, and properly covered blades ... not to the brilliance of any individuals in the boat." Jack Beresford, writing in The Observer, suggested that Cambridge's crew was "as good as any since the war" but that while Oxford "rowed gallantly and never gave up", their technique was inadequate.
International selection
Jonathan Hall and Francis David Badcock (from Oxford) and Russell Carver (from Cambridge) were all selected for the England team for the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games later in the year; Badcock was a reserve for the eights.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1958 in English sport
The Boat Race
April 1958 sports events in the United Kingdom
1958 sports events in London |
23580083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn%20Sharp%20%28suffragist%29 | Evelyn Sharp (suffragist) | Evelyn Jane Sharp (4 August 1869 – 17 June 1955) was a key figure in two major British women's suffrage societies, the militant Women's Social and Political Union and the United Suffragists. She helped found the latter and became editor of Votes for Women during the First World War. She was twice imprisoned and became a tax resister. An established author who had published in The Yellow Book, she was especially well known for her children's fiction.
Early life
Evelyn Sharp, the ninth of eleven children, was born on 4 August 1869. Sharp's family sent her to a boarding school for just two years, yet she successfully passed several university local examinations. In 1894, against the wishes of her family, Sharp moved to London, where she worked as a private tutor and wrote several novels including All the Way to Fairyland (1898) and The Other Side of the Sun (1900).
In 1903 Sharp, with the help of her friend and lover, Henry Nevinson, began to find work writing articles for the Daily Chronicle, the Pall Mall Gazette and the Manchester Guardian, a newspaper that published her work for over thirty years. Sharp highlights the importance of Nevinson and the Men's League for Women's Suffrage: "It is impossible to rate too highly the sacrifices that they (Henry Nevinson and Laurence Housman) and H. N. Brailsford, F. W. Pethick Lawrence, Harold Laski, Israel Zangwill, Gerald Gould, George Lansbury, and many others made to keep our movement free from the suggestion of a sex war."
Sharp's journalism made her more aware of the problems of working-class women and she joined the Women's Industrial Council and the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. In the autumn of 1906 Sharp was sent by the Manchester Guardian to cover the first speech by actress and novelist Elizabeth Robins. Sharp was moved by Robins' arguments for militant action and she joined the Women's Social and Political Union.
The impression she made was profound, even on an audience predisposed to be hostile; and on me it was disastrous. From that moment I was not to know again for 12 years, if indeed ever again, what it meant to cease from mental strife; and I soon came to see with a horrible clarity why I had always hitherto shunned causes.</blockquote>
Militant activism
Evelyn's mother, Jane, concerned at her daughter having joined the WSPU made her promise not to do anything that would result in her being imprisoned. Although she wrote in Votes for Women about Elsie Howey, dressed as Joan of Arc, a girl on a white horse leading a procession of hundreds of suffragettes to a meeting at the Aldwych Theatre on 17 April 1909 (fittingly the day before Joan of Arc was beatified) as representing "a battle against prejudice that is as ancient as it is modern", and befriended suffragette Helen Craggs and others, Sharp did keep her promise for five years, until her mother absolved her from that promise in November 1911. Although I hope you will never go to prison, still, I feel I cannot any longer be so prejudiced, and must leave it to your better judgment. I have really been very unhappy about it and feel I have no right to thwart you, much as I should regret feeling that you were undergoing those terrible hardships. It has caused you as much pain as it has me, and I feel I can no longer think of my own feelings. I cannot write more, but you will be happy now, won't you. (Jane Sharp, letter to her daughter (November, 1911)
Evelyn immediately became active in the militant campaign, and later that month she was imprisoned for fourteen days.
<blockquote>My opportunity came with a militant demonstration in Parliament Square on the evening of November 11, provoked by a more than usually cynical postponement of the Women's Bill, which was implied in a Government forecast of manhood suffrage. I was one of the many selected to carry out our new policy of breaking Government office windows, which marked a departure from the attitude of passive resistance that for five years had permitted all the violence to be used against us.
Sharp in March 1912, also acted as go-between for the leaders of WSPU taking a cheque for £7,000 to be authorised by Christabel Pankhurst to transfer funds to the personal account of Hertha Ayrton to avoid confiscation after the Scotland Yard raid on the Clement's Inn offices.
Sharp was an active member of the Women Writers' Suffrage League. In August 1913, in response to the government tactic of keeping prisoners that would hunger strike until they were too weak to be active by means of the Cat and Mouse Act (Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913), permitting their re-arrest as soon as they were active, Sharp was chosen to represent the WWSL in a delegation to meet with the Home Secretary, Reginald McKenna and discuss the Cat and Mouse Act. McKenna was unwilling to talk to them and when the women refused to leave the House of Commons, Mary Macarthur and Margaret McMillan were physically ejected and Sharp and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence were arrested and sent to Holloway Prison.
With Nevinson, the Pethick-Lawrences, the Harbens, the Lansburys, Dr Louisa Garrett Anderson, Evelina Haverfield and Lena Ashwell, Sharp was a founder member of the United Suffragists which opened to men and women and attracting members from NUWSS and WSPU perhaps disillusioned with tactics of each of these groups, on 14 February 1914.
First World War resistance
Unlike most members of the women's movement (a notable exception being Sylvia Pankhurst who also rejected the nationalist line), Sharp was unwilling to end the campaign for the vote during the First World War. When she continued to refuse to pay income tax she was arrested and all of her property confiscated, including her typewriter. A pacifist, Sharp was also active in the Women's International League for Peace during the war. She would later record:
Personally, holding as I do the enfranchisement of women involved greater issues than could be involved in any war, even supposing that the objects of the Great War were those alleged, I cannot help regretting that any justification was given for the popular error which still sometimes ascribes the victory of the suffrage cause, in 1918, to women's war service. This assumption is true only in so far as gratitude to women offered an excuse to the anti-suffragists in the Cabinet and elsewhere to climb down with some dignity from a position that had become untenable before the war. I sometimes think that the art of politics consists in the provision of ladders to enable politicians to climb down from untenable positions.
During the First World War the Votes for Women newspaper continued to appear, but with a much-reduced circulation, and it struggled to remain financially viable. Sharp reoriented the paper to appeal more to middle-class women, with the slogan "The War Paper for Women". Although she personally came to oppose the war, she ensured that the paper maintained a neutral stance on it. At the end of the war, the Representation of the People Act 1918 gave (some) women the right to vote and the United Suffragists, who published the newspaper disbanded, and presented Sharp with a book signed by the members.
After the First World War
After the Armistice, Sharp, now a member of the Labour Party, worked as a journalist on the Daily Herald and also for the Society of Friends in Germany. She wrote two studies of working-class life, The London Child (1927), illustrated by Eve Garnett, and The Child Grows Up (1929).
In 1933 Sharp's friend Margaret Nevinson died. Soon afterwards, aged 63, she married Margaret's husband, Henry Nevinson, by then aged 77. Their love affair had lasted many years withstanding complications of friendship and marriage.
Sharp wrote the essay on Mary Wollstonecraft for the 1934 book Great Democrats by Alfred Barratt Brown.
Sharp's autobiography, Unfinished Adventure, was published in 1933. It was republished by Faber in 2009.
Sharp was a member of the Women's World Committee Against War and Fascism along with Ellen Wilkinson, Vera Brittain and Storm Jameson.
Sharp died in a nursing home in Ealing on 17 June 1955.
Quotations
Reforms can always wait a little longer, but freedom, directly you discover you haven't got it, will not wait another minute.
Primary sources
Sharp's papers, including Diaries of Evelyn Sharp, 1920–37, 1942–7, are in the care of the Bodleian Library.
See also
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
References
Citations
Evelyn Sharp (1933, John Lane, London), Unfinished Adventure: selected reminiscences from an Englishwoman's life
Angela V. John (2006), War, Journalism and the Shaping of the Twentieth Century: The Life and Times of Henry W. Nevinson
Angela V. John (2009, The University of Manchester), Evelyn Sharp: Rebel Woman, 1869–1955
External links
Biography at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1869 births
1955 deaths
British political journalists
British children's writers
Place of birth missing
English anti-fascists
British women children's writers
British women journalists
British women novelists
19th-century British novelists
19th-century British women writers
19th-century British writers
British autobiographers
20th-century British writers
20th-century British women writers
Women autobiographers
Women's Social and Political Union
Women's page journalists |
26720865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo%20%28video%20game%29 | Limbo (video game) | Limbo is a puzzle-platform video game developed by independent studio Playdead and originally published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360. The game was released in July 2010 on Xbox Live Arcade, and has since been ported by Playdead to several other systems, including the PlayStation 3, Linux and Microsoft Windows. Limbo is a 2D side-scroller, incorporating a physics system that governs environmental objects and the player character. The player guides an unnamed boy through dangerous environments and traps as he searches for his sister. The developer built the game's puzzles expecting the player to fail before finding the correct solution. Playdead called the style of play "trial and death", and used gruesome imagery for the boy's deaths to steer the player from unworkable solutions.
The game is presented in black-and-white tones, using lighting, film grain effects and minimal ambient sounds to create an eerie atmosphere often associated with the horror genre. Journalists praised the dark presentation, describing the work as comparable to film noir and German Expressionism. Based on its aesthetics, reviewers classified Limbo as an example of video games as an art form. Limbo received critical acclaim, but its minimal story polarised critics; some critics found the open-ended work to have deeper meaning that tied well with the game's mechanics, while others believed the lack of significant plot and abrupt ending detracted from the game. A common point of criticism from reviewers was that the high cost of the game relative to its short length might deter players from purchasing the title, but some reviews proposed that Limbo had an ideal length. The game has been listed among the greatest games of all time.
Limbo was the third-highest selling game on the Xbox Live Arcade service in 2010, generating around $7.5 million in revenue. It won several awards from industry groups after its release, and was named as one of the top games for 2010 by several publications. Playdead's next title, Inside, was released in 2016, and revisited many of the same themes presented in Limbo.
Gameplay
The player controls the boy throughout the game. As is typical of most two-dimensional platform games, the boy can run left or right, jump, climb onto short ledges or up and down ladders and ropes, and push or pull objects. Limbo is presented through dark, greyscale graphics and with minimalist ambient sounds, creating an eerie, haunting environment. The dark visuals also serve to conceal numerous lethal surprises, including such environmental and physical hazards as deadly bear traps on the forest floor, or lethal monsters hiding in the shadows. Among the hazards are glowing worms, which attach themselves to the boy's head and force him to travel in only one direction until they are killed.
The game's second half features mechanical puzzles and traps using machinery, electromagnets, and gravity. Many of these traps are not apparent until triggered, often killing the boy. The player is able to restart at the last encountered checkpoint, with no limits placed on how many times this can occur. Some traps can be avoided and used later in the game; one bear trap is used to clamp onto an animal's carcass, hung from the end of a rope, tearing the carcass off the rope and allowing the branch and rope to retract upwards and allow the boy to climb onto a ledge otherwise out of reach. As the player will likely encounter numerous deaths before they solve each puzzle and complete the game, the developers call Limbo a "trial and death" game. Some deaths are animated with images of the boy's dismemberment or beheading, although an optional gore filter on some platforms blacks out the screen instead of showing these deaths. Game achievements (optional in-game goals) include finding hidden insect eggs and completing the game with five or fewer deaths.
Plot
The primary character in Limbo is a nameless boy, who awakens in the middle of a forest on the "edge of hell" (the game's title is taken from the Latin limbus, meaning "edge"), where he encounters a giant spider who tries to kill him. After using a trap to cut off the sharp points on half of the spider's legs, it retreats further into the forest, and the boy is allowed to pass. However, he is later caught in webs and spun into a cocoon. After breaking free from the threads that attached him to the roof, he is forced to hop, and eventually gets them off. Later, while seeking his missing sister, he encounters only a few human characters who either attack him, run away, or are dead/dying. At one point during his journey, he encounters a female character, who he thinks might be his sister, but is prevented from reaching her. The forest eventually gives way to a crumbling city environment. On completion of the final puzzle, the boy is thrown through a pane of glass and back into the forest. After he wakes up and recovers from the pain and shock, he walks a short distance until he again encounters a girl, who, upon his approach, stands up, startled. At this point, the screen cuts to black, abruptly ending the game.
Development
According to Playdead co-founder Dino Patti and lead designer Jeppe Carlsen, Playdead's game director, Arnt Jensen, conceived Limbo around 2004. At that time, as a concept artist at IO Interactive, Jensen became dissatisfied with the increasingly corporate nature of the company. He had sketched a "mood image" of a "secret place" to get ideas, and the result, similar to the backgrounds of the final game, inspired Jensen to expand on it. Jensen initially tried on his own to program the game in Visual Basic around 2004, but found he needed more help and proceeded to create an art style trailer by 2006. He had only intended to use the trailer as a means to recruit a programmer to help him, but the video attracted substantial interest in the project from across the Internet, eventually leading him to meet with Patti, who was also dissatisfied with his job. Their collaboration led to the founding of Playdead. Although Patti helped in the first few months with programming, he realised that the project was much larger than the two of them could handle, and Patti developed the business around the game's expanded development.
Initial development was funded personally by Jensen and Patti along with Danish government grants, including funding from the Nordic Game Program, while large investors were sought later in the development cycle. Jensen and Patti did not want to commit to major publishers, preferring to retain full creative control in developing the title. Jensen originally planned to release Limbo as a free Microsoft Windows title, but by this point, Jensen and Patti decided to make the game a retail title.
Playdead chose to ignore outside advice from investors and critics during development, such as to add multiplayer play and adjustable difficulty levels, and to extend the game's length. According to Patti, Playdead felt these changes would break the integrity of Jensen's original vision. Patti also felt that the investors "tried to control the company with no usable knowledge or respect", citing that after Microsoft raised concerns about the death of the boy, "one of the investors suggested we make him appear older by giving him a moustache." Numerous iterations of the game took place during a -year development cycle, including changes Jensen had demanded to polish the title, some elements being added two months prior to the game's release. Patti stated that they "trashed 70%" of the content they had developed, due to it not fitting in well with the context of the game. The core development team size was about 8 developers, expanding to 16 at various stages with freelancers. Playdead developed the design tools for Limbo in Visual Studio; Patti commented they would likely seek third-party applications for their next project given the challenges in creating their own technology. Patti later revealed they had opted to use the Unity engine for their next project, citing the development of their custom engine for Limbo as a "double product, doing both engine and game", and that their Limbo engine is limited to monochromatic visuals.
Limbo was released on 21 July 2010 on the Xbox Live Arcade service, as the first title in the yearly "Summer of Arcade" promotion. Although the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) had listed entries for Limbo for the PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows platforms, Playdead confirmed that this was a mistake on ESRB's part, and that they had no plans for the game on these systems. Patti later clarified that they had planned on Windows and PlayStation 3 versions alongside the Xbox 360 version initially, but after reviewing their options, decided to go with Xbox 360 exclusivity, in part that "Microsoft provided us with an excellent opportunity, which included a lot of support for the title which in the end would mean a better visibility for Limbo". According to producer Mads Wibroe, part of their decision not to release for the Windows platform was to avoid issues with software piracy, something they could control on the Xbox 360. Patti stated that staying exclusive with the Xbox platform was an assurance that they would be able to recoup their investment in the game's development. Sony Computer Entertainment executive Pete Smith stated later that while they had tried to vie with Microsoft for exclusivity for Limbo, Playdead refused to relinquish its intellectual property to Sony as part of the deal. Patti affirmed that Limbo would not be released for another console, but that their next game, already in development as of October 2010, may see wider release.
However, in June 2011, users found that a trailer for Limbo appeared on the Steam software service, which video game publications such as PC Gamer took as a preliminary sign that a Microsoft Windows version would be released. Similarly, a possible PlayStation 3 version was projected based on the title appearing on the Korea Media Rating Board in June 2011. On 30 June 2011, Playdead announced their ports of the game to the PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network, and to Microsoft Windows via Steam, later set for 19 July and 2 August 2011, respectively. Patti clarified that their change of mind from their earlier Xbox 360-exclusive approach was because "we want as many people to play our games as possible". The release was set for nearly a year after the original availability of the Xbox 360 version, after the expiration of the Xbox 360 exclusivity rights for the game. Both the PlayStation 3 and Windows versions of the game have additional secret content, according to Patti; it is unknown if this content will be added in a patch to the Xbox 360 version. Playdead has since published a Mac OS X version of the game through the Mac App Store in December 2011, fulfilling their promise to release the title before the end of 2011; though they had wanted to also release the Mac Steam version by then, this version was ultimately delayed to mid January 2012. A Linux version of the game, based on a Wine-encapsulated package prepared by CodeWeavers, premiered in the Humble Indie Bundle V charitable sales event in May 2012. A native port for Linux was later released on 19 June 2014, with porter Ryan C. Gordon bringing over the Wwise audio middleware that previously prevented a native port from being possible. The PlayStation Vita version of the game was developed by Playdead with assistance from the UK studio Double Eleven, and was released in June 2013. The Vita version does not use the handheld's touchpad features; Patti stated that they "didn't feel it would suit Limbo at all" and wanted to provide the "original experience" of the game to Vita players. The Vita version has Cross-play support with the PlayStation 3 version, allowing the user to buy the game once to play on either platform. The iOS version of the game was announced shortly before its release in July 2013, and was designed to optimize the game for use on the touchscreen devices.
In April 2011, an Xbox 360 retail distribution of Limbo alongside other indie games Trials HD and 'Splosion Man was released. Playdead began selling a "Special Edition" physical copy of Limbo for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, which included art cards, the game's soundtrack, and anaglyph stereoscopic glasses that work with a special version of the game to simulate three dimensions. The title was later ported to the Xbox One console and released in December 2014, with early adopters of the console getting the title for free; Microsoft's Phil Spencer called the title a "must have played" game that affected their decision to give the game to the majority of early adopters. The Xbox 360 version was added to the Xbox One backwards compatibility lists in November 2016. A PlayStation 4 version of the game was released in February 2015.
In September 2017, 505 Games published Limbo along with Playdead's following title, Inside, as dual-game retail package for Xbox One and PlayStation 4. A version of Limbo was released on the Nintendo Switch
on June 28, 2018.
Story, art and music direction
From the game's inception, Jensen set out three goals for the final Limbo product. The first goal was to create a specific mood and art style. Jensen wanted to create an aesthetic for the game without resorting to highly detailed three-dimensional models, and instead directed the art towards a minimalistic style to allow the development to focus its attention on the gameplay. Jensen's second goal was to only require two additional controls—jumping and grabbing—outside of the normal left-and-right movement controls, to keep the game easy to play. Finally, the finished game was to present no tutorial text to the player, requiring players to learn the game's mechanics on their own. The game was purposely developed to avoid revealing details of its content; the only tagline the company provided was, "Uncertain of his sister's fate, a boy enters Limbo." This was chosen so that players could interpret the game's meaning for themselves.
Some aspects of Limbo bore out from Jensen's own past, such as the forest areas that were similar to forests around the farm where he grew up, and the spider coming from Jensen's arachnophobia. Jensen drew inspiration from film genres, including works of film noir, to set the art style of the game; the team's graphic artist, Morten Bramsen, is credited with recreating that art style. Much of the game's flow was storyboarded very early in development, such as the boy's encounters with spiders and mind-controlling worms, as well as the overall transition from a forest to a city, then to an abstract environment. As development progressed, some of the original ideas became too difficult for the small team to complete. The storyline also changed; originally, the spider sequences were to be present near the end of the game, but were later moved to the first part. In retrospect, Jensen was aware that the first half of the game contained more scripted events and encounters, while the second half of the game was lonelier and puzzle-heavy; Jensen attributed this to his lack of oversight during the latter stages of development. Jensen purposely left the game with an open ending though with a specific interpretation only he knew, though noted after the game's release that some players, posting in forum boards, had suggested resolutions that were "scary close" to his ideas.
The game's audio was created by Martin Stig Andersen, a graduate from the Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus. Andersen's specialisation was in acousmatic music, non-traditional music created from generated sounds that have no apparent visual source. He was drawn to work with Jensen on the game after seeing the initial trailer, having been drawn in by the expressions of the boy character; Andersen compared the early visuals to his acousmatic music: "you have something recognizable and realistic, but at the same time it's abstract". Andersen sought to create acousmatic music exclusively incorporating the sound effects of the game's environments. Two examples he pointed to was the use of electricity noises while in the presence of a ruined neon "HOTEL" sign, and silencing the wind sound as the spider approached the boy in the forest. Andersen avoided the use of easily recognizable sounds, distorting them when needed as to allow players to interpret the sounds' meanings for themselves. Andersen constructed most of the game's sounds through a number of "grains" instead of longer sound loops, allowing him to adjust the playback to give better feedback to the player without sounding repetitious; one example he cites was the use of separate sounds for the boy's toe and heel when they make contact with the ground, giving a more realistic sound for movement. Many reviews for the game stated that there was no music in Limbo, but Andersen countered that his sound arrangements helped to evoke emotions; the acousmatic music was intended to leave room for interpretation by the player in the same manner as the game's art and story. Andersen noted that this helps with immersion within the game by making no attempt to control the emotional tone; "if [the players are] scared it will probably make them more scared when there's no music to take them by the hand and tell them how to feel". Due to fans' requests, Playdead released the game's soundtrack on iTunes Store on 11 July 2011.
Gameplay direction
The gameplay was the second element created for the game, following the graphics created by Jensen. The gameplay was created and refined using rudimentary graphic elements to establish the types of puzzles they wanted to have, but aware of how these elements would be presented to the player in the released version. Limbo was designed to avoid the pitfalls of major titles, where the same gameplay mechanic is used repeatedly. Carlsen, initially brought aboard as a programmer for the custom game engine, became the lead designer after Playdead found him to be capable at creating puzzles. Carlsen stated that the puzzles within Limbo were designed to "[keep] you guessing all the way through". Jensen also wanted to make the puzzles feel like a natural part of the environment, and to avoid the feeling that the player was simply moving from puzzle to puzzle through the course of the game. Carlsen identified examples of puzzles from other games that he wanted to avoid. He wanted to avoid simple puzzles that gave the player little satisfaction in its solution, such as a puzzle in Uncharted 2: Among Thieves that involved simply moving a sun-lit mirror to specific points in a room. In contrast, Carlsen wanted to avoid making the puzzle so complex with many separate parts that the player would resort to trial-and-error and eventually come out with the solution without thinking about why the solution worked; Carlsen used an example of a puzzle from the 2008 Prince of Persia game that had seven different mechanics that he never bothered to figure out himself. Carlsen designed Limbo puzzles to fall between these limits, demonstrating one puzzle that only has three elements: a switch panel, an electrified floor, and a chain; the goal—to use the chain to cross the electrified floor—is immediately obvious to the player, and then tasks the player to determine the right combination of moves and timing to complete it safely. They often had to strip away elements to make the puzzles more enjoyable and easier to figure out. The decision to provide little information to the player was an initial challenge in creating the game. From their initial pool of about 150 playtesters, several would have no idea of how to solve certain puzzles. To improve this, they created scenarios before troublesome spots that highlighted the appropriate actions; for example, when they found players did not think about pulling a boat onto shore to use as a platform to reach a higher ledge, they presented the player with a box-pulling puzzle earlier to demonstrate the pulling mechanics.
The team developed the game's puzzles by first assuming the player was "their own worst enemy", and made puzzles as devious as possible, but then scaled back their difficulty or added visual and audible aids as if the player was a friend. One example given by Carlsen is a puzzle involving a spider early in the game; the solution requires pushing a bear trap to snare the spider's legs in it. Early designs of this puzzle had the bear trap on the same screen as the spider, and Playdead found playtesters focused too much on the trap. The developers altered the puzzle to put the trap in a tree in an earlier off-screen section when facing the spider; the spider's actions would eventually cause this trap to drop to the ground and become a weapon against the spider. Carlsen stated that this arrangement created a situation where the player felt helpless when initially presented with the deadly spider, but then assisted the player through an audible cue when the trap had dropped, enabling the player to discover the solution.
One animator was dedicated full-time during three years of the game's development to work out the boy's animations, including animations that showed anticipation on the player's actions or events in the game, such as reaching out for a cart handle as the player moved the boy near it. Jensen felt this was important as the character was always at the center of the player's screen, and the most important element to watch. Playdead included gruesome death sequences to highlight incorrect solutions and discourage players from repeating their mistakes. While they expected players to run the boy into numerous deaths while trying solutions, Carlsen stated that their goal was to ensure death wasn't a penalty in the game, and made the death animations entertaining to keep the player interested. Carlsen noted several early puzzles were too complex for the game, but they would end up using a portion of these larger puzzles in the final release.
Reception
Limbo initial release on the Xbox 360 has received acclaim from video game critics and journalists; the subsequent release of the game for the PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows platforms received similar praise, holding Metacritic aggregate scores of 90/100 and 88/100, respectively, compared to the 90/100 earned by the Xbox 360 version. Some journalists compared Limbo to previous minimalist platform games such as Another World, Flashback, Heart of Darkness, Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee, Ico, Portal and Braid. Reviews consistently noted Limbo short length for its higher selling price: two to five hours of gameplay for 15 euros or 15 U.S. dollars. Reviewers asserted this length-to-price ratio was the largest drawback for the game, and would be a deterrent for potential buyers. Some journalists contended that the length of the game was ideal; The Daily Telegraph Tom Hoggins considered the short game to have a "perfectly formed running time", while Daemon Hatfield of IGN commented that "it's better for a game to leave us wanting more than to overstay its welcome". Numerous independent game developers, in an organised "Size Doesn't Matter" effort, commented on the critical response to Limbo length-to-price ratio. The independent developers questioned the need to quantify that ratio, and noted that it only seems to be used as a factor in judging video games and not other forms of entertainment such as films.
Limbo was generally praised for its puzzle design and the simplicity of its controls. Jake Gaskill of G4 TV was impressed by the complexity of the puzzles based on the two simple actions of jumping and grabbing onto objects, similar to LittleBigPlanet, with a variety of elements to assure "you're always facing something new and challenging" during the game. Game Informer Matt Miller commented that part of the success of Limbo is that "every one of these [puzzles] stands alone"; the game accomplishes this in Miller's opinion by varying the elements throughout the game, and preventing the player from getting too accustomed to similar solutions since "everything changes". GameSpy's Ryan Scott believed that the game empowered the player to work through solutions themselves, and its puzzle design, "with its elegant simplicity, offers up what feels like a world of meaningful possibilities". The frequency of death was not considered a distraction from the game; not only were the deaths seen as necessary as part of learning and overcoming each obstacle, but reviewers found the checkpoints where the player would restart to be plentiful throughout the game. Will Freeman of The Guardian praised the game but noted that beyond the "smoke and mirrors" of Limbo artwork, the game is "undermined by the title's lack of innovative gameplay", which he says has been seen in earlier platform games.
Presentation
Limbo graphical and audio presentation were considered by reviewers as exceptional and powerful elements of the game. The monochrome approach, coupled with film grain filter, focusing techniques and lighting, were compared to both film noir and dreamlike tableaus of silent films, allowing the visual elements of the game to carry much of the story's weight. Cian Hassett of PALGN likened the effect to watching the game through an old-fashioned film projector that creates "one of the most unsettling and eerily beautiful environments" in video gaming. Garrett Martin of the Boston Herald compared the art style and game design decisions to German Expressionism with "dreamlike levels that twist and spin in unexpected angles". The art style itself was praised as minimalistic, and considered reminiscent of the art of Lotte Reiniger, Edward Gorey, Fritz Lang, and Tim Burton. The use of misdirection in the visuals was also praised, such as by using silhouettes to avoid revealing the true nature of the characters or shadows, or by showing human figures across a chasm who disappear once the player crossed the chasm.
Reviewers found the sound effects within the game critical to the game's impact. Sam Machkovech, writing for The Atlantic, called the sound direction, "far more colorful and organic than the fuzzed-out looks would lead you to believe". Edge magazine's review noted that the few background noises "[do] little else than contribute towards Limbo’s tone", while the sound effects generated by moving the boy character "are given an eerie clarity without the presence of a conventional soundtrack to cover them".
IGN's Hatfield concluded his review by stating, "Very few games are as original, atmospheric, and consistently brilliant as Limbo". Chad Sapeiha of The Globe and Mail summarised his opinion of the game's atmosphere as an "intensely scary, oddly beautiful, and immediately arresting aesthetic." Limbo is said to be the first game to attempt a mix of the horror fiction genre with platform games. The game has been considered an art game through its visual and audio elements.
Plot
The game's story and its ending have been open to much interpretation; the ending was purposely left vague and unanswered by Playdead. It was compared to other open-ended books, films and video games, where the viewer is left to interpret what they have read or seen. Some reviews suggested that the game is a representation of the religious nature of Limbo or purgatory, as the boy character completes the journey only to end at the same place he started, repeating the same journey when the player starts a new game. Another interpretation suggested the game is the boy's journey through Hell to reach Heaven, or to find closure for his sister's death. Another theory considers that either the boy or his sister or both are dead. Some theories attempted to incorporate details from the game, such as the change in setting as the boy travels through the game suggesting the progression of man from child to adult to elder, or the similarities and differences between the final screen of the game where the boy meets a girl and the main menu where what could be human remains stand in their places.
The absence of direct narrative, such as through cutscenes or in-game text, was a mixed point for reviewers. John Teti of Eurogamer considered the game's base story to be metaphorical for a "story of a search for companionship", and that the few encounters with human characters served as "emotional touchstones" that drove the story forward; ultimately, Teti stated that these elements make Limbo "a game that has very few humans, but a surplus of humanity". Hatfield praised the simplicity of the game's story, commenting that, "with no text, no dialogue, and no explanation, it manages to communicate circumstance and causality to the player more simply than most games". Both Teti and Hatfield noted that some of the story elements were weaker in the second half of the game, when there are almost no human characters with whom the player comes into contact, but that the game ends with an unexpected revelation. GameSpot's Tom McShae found no issues with the game posing questions on "death versus life and reality versus dream", but purposely providing no answers for them, allowing the player to contemplate these on their own. McShae also considered that the brief but gruesome death scenes for the boy helped to create an "emotional immediacy that is difficult to forget". The New York Daily News Stu Horvath noted that Limbo "turns its lack of obvious narrative into one of the most compelling riddles in videogames".
Other reviews disliked the lack of story or its presentation within Limbo. Justin Haywald of 1UP.com was critical of the lacking narrative, feeling that the game failed to explain the purpose of the constructed traps or rationale for how the game's world worked, and that the final act left him "more confused than when [he] began". Haywald had contrasted Limbo to Braid, a similar platform game with minimalistic elements which communicates its metaphorical story to the player through in-game text. Roger Hargreaves of Metro stated that the game has "very little evidence that [Playdead] really knew where they were going with the game", citing the second half, when the player is traveling through a factory-type setting and where he felt the game became more like a typical two-dimensional platform game, and led to an anticlimactic ending; Hargreaves contrasted this to more gruesome elements of the first half, such as encountering corpses of children and having to use those as part of the puzzle-solving aspects.
Sales and accolades
Before its release, Limbo was awarded both the "Technical Excellence" and "Excellence in Visual Art" titles at the Independent Games Festival during the 2010 Game Developers Conference. At E3 2010—about a month before its release—Limbo won GameSpot's "Best Downloadable Game", and was nominated for several other "Best of Show" awards, including "Best Platformer" by IGN, "Most Original Game" by G4 TV, and "Best Puzzle Game" by GameSpot. The game was nominated as one of 32 finalists at the 2010 IndieCade festival for independent developers, ultimately winning the "Sound" award.
Following its release, Limbo was named "Game of the Year", "Best Indie Game", and "Best Visual Art" at the 2010 European Milthon Awards during the Paris Game Show in September 2010. Game Informer named Limbo their Game of the Month for August 2010. Limbo was awarded the "Best Indie Game" at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards. The game received the most nominations for the 11th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards, earning seven nominations including for the "Best Debut Game", "Innovation", and "Game of the Year" awards, and ultimately won for "Best Visual Art". The title won the "Adventure Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Achievement in Sound Design" Interactive Achievement Awards from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences and was nominated for "Outstanding Achievement in Game Direction" and "Outstanding Innovation in Gaming". The Academy also named Limbo as the winner of the 2010 Indie Game Challenge award in the "Professional" category, along with a $100,000 prize. The game was selected as the 2010 Annie Award for Best Animated Video Game. Limbo was named as one of ten games for the publicly voted 2011 "Game of the Year" BAFTA Video Game Awards. In addition, the game was nominated for the committee-determined BAFTA awards for "Artistic Achievement", "Use of Audio", "Gameplay" and "Best Game". The inclusion of the independently developed Limbo among other larger commercially backed games such as Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood and Call of Duty: Black Ops for such "Best Game" awards is considered an indication that the video game industry has started to give more recognition to these smaller titles.
Several publications, including Time, Wired and the Toronto Sun placed Limbo as one of the top ten video games of 2010. IGN named it the third best Xbox Live Arcade title of all time in two lists, published in 2010 and 2011, in both cases following Shadow Complex and Pac Man Championship Edition. The site also included the scene where the boy reach a neon hotel sign as one of 100 Unforgettable Video Game Moments. Limbo was spoofed by the comedy troupe Mega64 during the 2011 Game Developers Conference, and later by the CollegeHumor sister website, Dorkly.
Within two weeks of its release on Xbox Live Arcade, Limbo gained more than 244,000 players to the global leaderboards—a rough measure of full sales of the game—which was considered an "incredibly impressive feat" compared to previous Xbox Live Arcade titles, according to GamerBytes' Ryan Langley. Within a month of its release, more than 300,000 copies of the game were sold. By the end of August 2010, the number of players on the global leaderboard grew to 371,000, exceeding the number of players of other Summer of Arcade games released in 2009, and approaching the number of lifetime players of Braid, released two years earlier. Langley, who had expected Limbo sales to fall "due to the lack of repeatable content and being a strictly single player experience", considered that these figures had "beaten everyone’s expectations". Phil Spencer, the Vice-President of Microsoft Game Studios, stated in September 2010 that Limbo was "our number one Summer of Arcade game by a long stretch", and further posed that Limbo represents a shift in the type of game that gamers want out of online on-demand game services; "it's becoming less about iconic [intellectual property] that people know and it's becoming more diverse". Limbo was the third-highest selling Xbox Live Arcade title in 2010, selling 527,000 and generating about $7.5 million in revenue. In March 2011, Microsoft listed Limbo as the 11th-highest selling game to date on Xbox Live. Playdead stated that more than two million users on the Xbox 360 service played through the demo within the year of the game's release.
The developers announced that as of November 2011, they had sold over 1 million copies of the game across the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Microsoft Windows platforms. By June 2013, just prior to the iOS release, Playdead announced that total sales of Limbo across all platforms exceeded 3 million. The PlayStation 3 version was the top selling third-party downloadable game on the PlayStation Network service in 2011. The PlayStation 3 version was also voted "Best Indie Game" in the 2012 PSN Gamers' Choice Awards. The Mac OS X version of Limbo was awarded with Apple's Design Award in 2012.
Applications for grants from the Nordic Game Program, which had funded Limbo initial development, increased 50% in the second half of 2010, believed to be tied to the game's success. Playdead was able to buy itself back from its investors in August 2011 from the revenue made from sales of Limbo. Playdead's follow-up title, Inside, first released in June 2016, is visually and thematically similar to Limbo, and includes some elements that were cut from Limbo development.
References
External links
2010 video games
Android (operating system) games
Apple Design Awards recipients
Art games
Horror video games
Indie video games
IndieCade winners
IOS games
Linux games
Microsoft games
MacOS games
Monochrome video games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Network games
PlayStation Vita games
Puzzle-platform games
Side-scrolling video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Denmark
Video games set in forests
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Windows games
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Limbo
Cinematic platform games
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Annie Award for Best Animated Video Game winners
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23580088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20N.%20Choksy | K. N. Choksy | Kairshasp Nariman Choksy, PC, MP (7 February 1933 – 5 February 2015) (known as K. N. Choksy) was a Sri Lankan lawyer, politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
He was Cabinet Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe. He had also served as Cabinet Minister of Constitutional & State Affairs from 1993 to 1994 under President D. B. Wijetunga and was a member of parliament from 1989 to 2010 continuiosly.
Early life
Kairshasp N. Choksy belongs to the small, yet well established and respected, Parsi community of Sri Lanka, of which he was the Anjuman former chairman. He was born in Colombo on 7 February 1933. His paternal grandparents had migrated to Colombo from Surat, North of Bombay, in the year 1885 to manage an established business house in the Coconut oil industry at Colombo, belonging to a Bombay Parsi family.
His maternal grandparents were also settled in Colombo, in the export-import trade in food-commodities. They donated the building and land called "Navroze Baug", which is the religious centre of the Colombo Parsi residents.
Kairshasp's father, Nariman K. Choksy, was born in Sri Lanka around the start of the 20th century. He was the first Parsi Advocate in the country. Establishing a lucrative practice on the civil side, he was bestowed the honour by the then British Government of being appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1947, and later served as a Judge of the country's Supreme Court from 1951. With the enactment of Sri Lanka's Citizenship Laws after the Country's independence in 1948, Nariman Choksy found himself (and a few other well established settlers of Indian origin) as becoming "stateless". Upon this being brought to the notice of the incumbent Government, a law was enacted by Parliament in 1950 under which Nariman Choksy qualified for citizenship as a "Distinguished Citizen" of the Country.
Legal career
Choksy received his primary education at S. Thomas' Preparatory School, Kollupitiya, being one of the first students to be admitted to the school at its founding in 1938. He then continued his secondary education at S. Thomas' College Mount Lavinia. From boyhood, he imbued the legal atmosphere in his father's Law Chambers and being called to the Sri Lankan Bar as an Advocate in 1958 rapidly established himself in a leading practice in the civil courts of the metropolis of Colombo. Choksy was appointed as President's Counsel in 1981. He appeared as lead-Counsel on one side or the other in many a civil Cause-celebre.
During the period 1989 to 1992, he successfully defended the country's President Ranasinghe Premadasa, as his Senior-Counsel, in a Petition filed seeking to annul the President's election. The case took 525 days of hearing before five Judges of the Supreme Court, with 911 witnesses testifying.
Political career
He entered the Sri Lanka Parliament in February 1989 as a nominated Member on the National List. The Sri Lankan Constitution makes provision for a limited number of such appointments, so that the Professional and Academic communities could find representation in the Legislature without having to contest at elections.
He held office in Parliament as Minister for Constitutional Affairs and State Affairs from 1993 to 1994, and thereafter as the Country's Minister of Finance of Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2004. Choksy was a Member of Parliament from 1989 to 2010 continuiosly.
Family
Choksy is married to Freny (née Cooper) from Bombay. They have three sons. The eldest, Jamsheed, is Professor of Central Eurasian Studies and History and Director of Middle Eastern Studies. He is a scholar in Zoroastrianism and has published several books on religion. The second son, Khursheed, is executive director at the United States Chamber of Commerce in Washington. The third son, Vishtasp, has taken to the family tradition of the Law and practices as a Lawyer in Colombo, the third generation of Choksys to excel in his chosen profession.
See also
Vishtasp Kairshasp Choksy
References
External links
Three generations of Choksys at the Bar
1933 births
2015 deaths
Sri Lankan people of Parsi descent
Sri Lankan Zoroastrians
Alumni of S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia
Alumni of S. Thomas' Preparatory School, Kollupitiya
Sri Lankan lawyers
Ceylonese advocates
President's Counsels (Sri Lanka)
United National Party politicians
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Finance ministers of Sri Lanka |
20483911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender%20roles%20in%20agriculture | Gender roles in agriculture | Gender roles in agriculture are a frequent subject of study by sociologists and farm economists. Historians also study them, as they are important in understanding the social structure of agrarian, and even industrial, societies. Agriculture provides many job opportunities and livelihoods around the world. It can also reflect gender inequality and uneven distribution of resources and privileges among gender.
In particular, pastoralist, ethnic minority, indigenous and rural women continue to face numerous obstacles when trying to access and control natural resources, technological devices and agricultural services; also, they are not involved in processes of decision-making. Most of the time, such obstacles have their roots in practices of discrimination, which highly influence women's independence.
According to the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, women usually have a harder time obtaining land, tools and knowledge than men, especially in developing countries. Several organizations such as Food and Agriculture Organization and independent research have indicated that increasing gender corporation can bring more profits and food security for the community.
North America
United States
The "classical" farm gender roles in the United States, although varying somewhat from region to region, were generally based on a division of labor in which men participated in "field" tasks (animal care, plowing, harvesting crops, using farm machinery, etc.), while most women participated primarily in "farmhouse" tasks (preparing and preserving food and feed-stuffs, and maintaining the farm compound).
According to agro-historian Jane Adams, the middle 20th century brought a change in which the centralization of agriculture eliminated many of the tasks considered part of the "female" role. This changed the perception of women from being active "housekeepers" to passive "homemakers". Some began working off the farm, or joined their husbands in fieldwork, but the majority, per Dr. Adams, simply became more like urban housewives. This trend continued until the 1980s farm crisis, in which economic downturns obliged many of them to take jobs off-farm.
Canada
Gender roles in Canadian agriculture vary greatly according to the region and community.
Alberta, and particularly Southern Alberta, has traditionally had highly defined gender roles similar to the late 19th-century United States. Men worked together and women worked together, but there were few tasks in which both men and women participated together. On most Alberta farms up until the 1970s, decisions about matters such as planning and insurance were done by fiat of the husband, rather than by joint venture of husband and wife. Some writers have considered Alberta's highly gendered division of farm life to be not only inefficient from an agricultural standpoint, but deleterious to the integrity of marriage relationships as well.
In the agricultural tradition of Central Canada there is an emphasis on conjugal (husband-and-wife) collaboration. Major decisions are normally made together, with each spouse having equal decisive power. When extended families live and farm together, couples within the extended family are considered as working "units". This style of family farm management is rather common in the rest of Canada as well.
Quebec agriculture is based on the historic seigneurial system, vestiges of which exist today in the organized district system. Gender roles are sometimes more pronounced in areas where the Catholic influence is strong.
In Southern Ontario the history of agricultural gender roles parallels that of the U.S.A. almost precisely.
Besides these regional generalities, traditions vary among different ethnic and religious communities, such as First Nations (aboriginal), Anabaptist, or historic immigrant settlements.
Across Canada, and also in the United States, the assignment of roles tends to be more egalitarian on organic and Certified Naturally Grown farms than on "conventional" ones.
Europe
C.I.S. (former U.S.S.R.)
Agricultural society in what is now the C.I.S. goes back thousands of years, and entails numerous distinct cultures. Slavic-speaking societies tended to follow the general Indo-European pattern of patrilineality, passing down property and rights from father to son. In agriculture this meant land and livestock. The gender roles on the farm presumed that the farm and all its contents belonged to the father or grandfather. Uralic-speaking societies, on the other hand, had a relatively egalitarian system in which land was considered to be the domain of a larger extended family or folk group, without rigid boundaries between individual homesteads. Division of labor was not rigid, and spouses often worked alongside each other, or helped each other with various tasks.
During the Russian Empire period, Slavonic patriarchy was emphasized and promoted to a greater extent across the board. This was especially the case in southern and central Russia during the 18th and 19th centuries, where every farmer or farm laborer was considered to hold a position in the feudal hierarchy of the Empire, until this system was modified in the later 19th century. Men were the official landowners and decision-makers, though women often had a significant amount of unofficial influence in decision-making (on the free peasant farmsteads).
In the years leading up to the Revolution, as the remnants of feudalism disintegrated, many Russian farm families joined artels (артели), or cooperatives. The cooperatives practiced (at least in theory) equal consideration of men's and women's opinions in making collective decisions, which was a sharp contrast to the feudal method. Moreover, as the Empire became more connected by rail and road, the rural residents of central and southern Russia gained knowledge of Uralic-based farm operation systems (which had survived in the north and east). These northern and eastern traditions contributed to the emerging cooperative practices.
After the Revolution, the government was initially supportive toward the artel movement (since it is "collectivist"). When the Stalinist government took power, however, many of the artels were superseded by state farm units (sovkhozy or Совхоэӣ) under control of the central government. The effect on gender roles varied: workers of both sexes were assigned to do similar tasks, but managers and overseers were mostly male, though there was no fixed rule or custom that established this as absolute. Fieldworkers often worked in mixed-gender teams, though in the Caucasian and Middle Asian republics an informal segregation by sex was maintained, following local (and ultimately Islamic) traditions. Throughout the Union, state-farm administrators tended to have little regard for marital relationships: marriage was considered part of the workers' personal lives, which needed not enter into the world of economic labor. Children born or conceived on a state farm were considered "bound" to it, in a concept lent from feudalism.
Later governments, from Krushchev's onward, eased the central control of farms, though certain republics (such as Tajikistan) took up this control into their own state governments, and retain much of it even to this day.
With the 1960s loosening of central administration over agriculture, the cooperative system became once again the main system of large-scale farmland operations in much of the U.S.S.R. This condition has remained ever since, with only minor changes.
Where small and extended family farms exist in the C.I.S., consensus is often a major mode of decision-making, and cooperation a major mode of work. On collective farms as well, conjugal collaboration is a respected and encouraged part of the overall dynamic, and couples often work as units within the larger framework. Exceptions include the Chechenya/Dagestan/Naxcivan region, where all areas of life are highly sex-segregated, and marriage is often an arranged contract by the parents.
Finland
Finnish agriculture tends to follow a modern form of what is recognizably the Uralic system, though the influence of western Europe (particularly in Finland's west half) has brought a greater consciousness of private property. Conjugal collaboration and joint venture are major characteristics of the Finnish farming tradition.
Ireland
Two thirds of farmland in Ireland is family owned and run for typically over a century. Out of that twelve percent of which are owned by women. Typically men hold more of the productive roles involving the operation and maintenance of the farm while the women hold reproductive roles and tend to the household. Historically this has given most of the power to the male. In Katie Barclay's "Place and Power in Irish Farms at the End of the Nineteenth Century" most of the leverage for decision making would be the use of the houses spaces such as the kitchen as a tool to negotiate for power within the farm. However, in recent years, women are viewed as a legal business holder giving them increasing recognition on the farm enabling them to have input on crucial decisions.
In the article by Roisin Kelly and Sally Shortall (December, 2002), it discusses how due to decreasing income from farming in northern Ireland the women typically get a job outside of the farm to support the farm. This financial move is oftentimes in order to preserve the farm during rough financial times.
Latin America
Mexico
In Mexico, the most important crop has been and still is maize. It is the main ingredient in tortillas, which is a staple in Mexican cuisine. Additionally, for many Mexicans, especially those living in rural farming communities, maize symbolizes the origin of life. Women, therefore, are usually the ones responsible for tending the maize crops, although it is not unusual for a man to farm the maize.
Although women have traditionally been responsible for the entire tortilla process, from farming the maize to grinding the maize into flour and cooking the tortillas, this takes a substantial amount of time. Because of this, recently some women have been purchasing bags of tortilla flour or even pre-made tortillas in local markets to better fit their busy lifestyle. This has been controversial among individuals living in rural communities, as many people see the tortilla making process as having high importance in the traditions of their culture.
Another recent controversy in Mexico has to do with the type of maize being grown and consumed. Maíz criollo, or landrace maize, is the most common type of maize grown in Mexico, although recently genetically modified crops are becoming more widespread. In a focus group meeting conducted among Mexican farmers, the men tended to feel that the genetically modified maize was better, as it was easier to farm, while the women tended to say that the landrace maize was better because it was more nutritional and better tasting than the genetically modified maize.
Brazil
In Brazil, large plantations and fincas are often worked by several families. Fieldwork is a large portion of the workers' time, in the case both of men and of women.
In areas of more scattered agriculture, running water is often unavailable. It is usually women who must carry large water containers home from the stream or well in these cases, even though it is men who usually lift most other heavy loads on the Brazilian ranch, such as harvest sacks.
Among inland indigenous peoples, varying forms of the pan-Amazonian (or pan-Amazon-basin) gender role construct are seen. In these societies, especially those in which polygynous marriage has been practiced, the family unit is considered on two levels, the matrifocal and the patrifocal. Crop plots are owned by the brothers of any patrifocal family collectively; thus, if a man plants a field of any crop, all of his brothers and paternal half-brothers are considered to automatically own an equal share of the harvest.
Chile and Argentina
Agriculture is varied but consists largely of ranching activity. There is very little emphasis on gender roles in Argentina and Chile, compared to the rest of South America. Names for most agricultural "job descriptions" and individual roles are gender-neutral, with only the final letter changing according to the sex of the individual. The @ symbol is sometimes used, in lieu of either "o" or "a", to describe the general occupation without specifying gender, as in Buscamos puester@s para... (as might be written in a help-wanted poster).
Africa
Women in the agriculture sector take on a plethora of roles. They are engaged in production, processing, distribution and trade, often simultaneously, and at times can be involved in multiple aspects of agricultural value chains, especially women who are micro, small or medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) owners engaged in agriculture (agripreneurs).
Participation in agricultural productive activities reveals gender gaps in several areas such as land, livestock ownership, access to extension services, inputs, production related technology, and social protection. Smallscale farmers in the Africa region, both men and women, lack access to information and knowledge to improve their production capacity, with women regarded as worse off. In addition, gender relations that devalue women's role in agriculture, often regarded as helpers and not farmers, further promote the perception that men hold the authority and decision-making power.
In a lot of African countries nowadays, women rights are secondary in the sense that males dominant in assets, ownership, and education. Women are usually in charge of light farming or crop processing, while males have more opportunities to work with livestock and stay out of their household duty. But it also vary with ethnic groups, age and production cycles. Women are also responsible for children care, their financial ability and educational level may post strong influences on children's well-being. Research showed that equine assisted rural women to finish their chores earlier, which provides females more time for children care. Moreover, by empowering women with assets and knowledge, the children's nutritional status may be improved.
If women farmers were given the same access to resources such as finance, they could increase agricultural yields and contribute to higher national agricultural production levels and strengthen food security.
Ghana
60% farmers that conduct agricultural activities in Ghana are male, most agriculture activities that females engaged in are raising small livestock. More females are willing to work near home, such as doing business. Husbands will provide financial support to wives to buy food. The food cultivated constitutes the man's contribution to the family, the wife needs to make up for other deficiencies through her own efforts, so they are under pressure to get other income for their families. A woman who does not farm can't sell her husband's product, while the husband could sell agricultural products behind his wife's back. It is only when income contributes to household consumption that individual household incomes are added up. This is because families usually depend on one member for farming and the other for selling. To avoid disagreement in income, husbands and wives often work in different income streams. For example, women tend to grow perennial plants (such as pepper) that do not require a strong labor force, while men grow cash crops (such as watermelon, okra, and tomatoes). Compared to growing different kinds of crops, a clearer division of labor between the gender is women will do more marketing. Females sell their products directly to consumers or wholesalers.
Senegal
Although female family members, such as wives, daughters and nieces, were also involved in agriculture, three quarters of the time men were in charge. There are few women in the poultry and ornamental sectors. One example is the Fedri group in Dakar, 10 km away. Through this group, women are actively investing in urban agriculture. Nine women produce vegetables for sale in the domestic market (okra or tomatoes) or export (green beans) and feed small ruminants such as sheep and beef cattle. They even take care of woodlands and orchards. An ngo is currently funding the panel. Commercial women farmers and producers play different roles in the marketing and processing of agricultural products. Engaging in sales requires very little input and can be a good entry point into the field of agricultural production. Men are generally engaged in high-input, contract production and sales work. More than 90 percent of the retailers in Dakar's free market are women, and almost all of the retail and wholesale shopkeepers who sell a variety of foods, including onions, are men. Most women work as wholesalers as well as retailers of green leafy vegetables and tomatoes.
Tanzania
Traditionally, men and women share the responsibility of raising a family, but usually women have more responsibilities and obligations than men. Both men and women were involved in farming, but they did different things in different places, therefore, it is closely related to the type of agricultural production system. Female farmers are more numerous and engaged in small-scale production, males are the leaders in terms of production because they tend to be responsible for more land. "Female farming" is good for families because it allows the products to be used for consumption and the extra income to be used for other necessities. Men also contribute a portion of their income, but a relatively small share. In general, equality between men and women is more pronounced on farms outside the city, much like in rural families.
Zimbabwe
Local women have made great contributions to the development of urban agriculture. They not only invest in labor but also participate in management. On non-fixed land, women's farming accounts for 55% to 63%. Among them, 80% of people are engaged in farming activities on their “own land”. In high-income areas, many women hire other laborers. Of the men working in the fields, 24% are employed laborers, and 59% are helping their wives work. Women dominate the production and sales of urban agriculture. 68.8% of the sales of products are women. Children work for their mothers at almost every stage of production and sales. Like rural women, urban women are responsible for food issues. Compared with men, women spend more time and burden on urban agriculture. Especially when the economy is in recession, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain family livelihoods. As people become more optimistic about urban agriculture, it is not ruled out that men can replace women's dominant position in agricultural production.
Asia
By Region
Near East and North Africa
The 2020 edition of FAO's Near East and North Africa − Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition, finds that nearly 55 million people in the Arab States – about 13.2 percent of the total population – are food insecure and the situation is particularly worrying in countries affected by conflicts and protracted crises. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic these numbers are expected to grow.
Gender inequalities in agriculture remain widespread in the region. Rural women and girls continue to face severe discriminations in access to, and ownership of assets, resources and agricultural support services, included those related to community nutrition services. Compared to men, women tend to own lower value assets and have less access to capital, labour, agriculture inputs and tools. In addition, most women's work in farms in the region is unpaid, rendering it essentially invisible. Women also tend to have less entitlements and access to natural resources, such as land and water. For example, despite the significant role they play in managing it, women frequently face obstacles in accessing irrigation water for the cultivation of crops and for raising livestock. This is mainly due to insecurity of land tenure and to their marginal involvement in water governance institutions and user associations, where they are often under-represented and excluded from decision-making processes. Women also have less access to finance due to absence of collaterals for loans. Moreover, in many instances, women do not control the farm, livestock income due to cultural and or lack of access to banking services.
The same applies to other rural organizations and institutions within the rural and agricultural sectors, and this under-representation largely explains why women's interests are often overlooked and agricultural support services rarely attuned to respond to their needs. This, in turn explains, why women tend to have less access to information, technology and trainings, and a lower uptake of nutrition-sensitive agricultural practices.
Increasing women's productivity and reducing women's work burden is not sufficient to improve food security and nutrition. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), additional actions are required to ensure that women have decision-making power and ownership over productive assets and the use of income from agriculture and off-farm employment. Promoting women's participation in decision-making processes at all levels is therefore a particularly important aspect of empowerment as it leads to wider social and economic changes. In order to do so and to achieve sustainable and transformative changes, FAO suggests addressing the prevailing and discriminatory gender norms that are hindering women and girls to reach their full potential, and thus impacting food security and nutritional outcomes for women, girls, boys and men.
Sources
References
The Farm Journal's Discourse of Farm Women's Femininity. Adams, Jane. Southern Illinois University.
The Home and Farm Manual, Jonathan Periam, Commissioner of USDA, pub. 1884, reprinted 1984.
External links
Home Economics Archive: Tradition, Research, History (HEARTH) An e-book collection of over 1,000 classic books on home economics spanning 1850 to 1950, created by Cornell University's Mann Library.
Agriculture in society
Agriculture
Gender roles |
17342187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yannis%20Philippakis | Yannis Philippakis | Yannis Philippakis (Greek: Ιωάννης "Γιάννης" Φιλιππάκης) (born 23 April 1986) is the lead singer and guitarist of the British indie rock band Foals.
Early life
Born to a Greek father and a South African mother (Renee Hirschon), Philippakis lived in Greece until he was 4 years old when his family moved to South Africa. After living there for a year, his parents divorced. Every summer Philippakis would visit his father in Olympos on the Greek island Karpathos. His father played a significant role in his life regarding music, teaching him traditional Greek songs. Philippakis was raised in the Greek Orthodox religion.
Education
Philippakis was educated at Magdalen College School. There he had met all of the requirements for an assisted place at Magdalen, where he had taken classes on French, literature, and art. While attending school, Philippakis faced many difficulties due to his father's absence; he would get into trouble with the teachers and was ill-tempered. This led to his being suspended twice. Philippakis then went on to study English literature at St John's College, Oxford; he dropped out before completing his degree to focus on the band.
Career
Music
Foals
Philippakis formed FOALS in 2005 with friend and former Youthmovies frontman Andrew Mears after the break-up of his former band The Edmund Fitzgerald, which also featured his Foals bandmate, drummer Jack Bevan.
Other musical projects
In a BBC 6 hub session interview, Philippakis expressed his desire to write a 'ballet with beats'.
In 2010, Philippakis appeared and was interviewed in the documentary Anyone Can Play Guitar.
Philippakis produced the track "Wolf" on Trophy Wife's 2011 EP Bruxism.
In January 2018, Philippakis began a monthly club night in south London called MILK. Special guests are kept secret until the night of the performance, making each night different. Every night at MILK is recorded and made available in limited numbers on vinyl for purchase at the following month's event. Philippakis said, "I want to make a club night that me & my friends would want to go to. Where the night acts like a sort of dream collider of different musicians in the hope of the surprising, the life affirming & the downright dirty."
In 2020, Grammy-nominated producer duo, CamelPhat, released "Hypercolour" featuring Philippakis. The Liverpool duo had stated they were "longtime fans of Foals" and "have always been on [their] list to collaborate with" in an interview with Forbes.
A month after the initial release of "Hypercolour", CamelPhat released the official visualizer on their YouTube channel. The video itself is directed by Philippakis alongside Kit Moneith and features Philippakis himself against a backdrop of colourful psychedelic imagery and kaleidoscopic scenes.
Other
He performed as an actor in an adaptation of Marguerite Duras' Moderato Cantabile, directed by Alexander Zeldin.
TV appearances
Individually
Never Mind the Buzzcocks
With Foals
EA Sports
Later... with Jools Holland
Skins (Released as a MySpace exclusive, then aired by E4)
The Culture Show
T-Mobile's Transmission
The Album Chart Show
Barclaycard Mercury Prize Sessions
Live from Abbey Road
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
Austin City Limits' with Alejandro Escovedo & Peter Buck
Glastonbury Festival BBC 2019 and 2022 Glastonbury Coverage
Albums
Antidotes (2008)
Total Life Forever (2010)
Holy Fire (2013)
What Went Down (2015)
Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost – Part 1 (2019)
Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost – Part 2 (2019)
Life Is Yours (2022)
References
External links
A Band That Cradles Its Rock, Even Under All Those Layers of Expectations, New York Times
Music Review: Foals, BBC Norfolk – 2008
Foals reviewed on The Mag
1986 births
21st-century Greek male singers
21st-century guitarists
People from the South Aegean
People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Greek emigrants to South Africa
Greek emigrants to the United Kingdom
Greek people of South African descent
Greek people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Living people
People from Oxford |
44506520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%20While%20We%20Were%20Here | And While We Were Here | And While We Were Here is a 2012 American romantic drama film written and directed by Kat Coiro and starring Kate Bosworth, Jamie Blackley and Iddo Goldberg. It was filmed on the island of Ischia. The film premiered at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival and showed at the Locarno Film Festival. It released to Ultra VOD on August 13, 2012, and to theatres on September 13, 2013.
Plot
Jane and her husband, Leonard, travel to Naples, where Leonard has been hired to teach and perform with his instrument of choice, the viola. Jane and Leonard have a strained marriage, with Leonard, in Jane's belief, not being a supportive or caring husband. Jane is writing a sort of memoir about her grandmother's experiences in the world wars while her husband is at work. Jane visits the island of Ischia to avoid the isolation she faces alone in the couple's hotel room. While out on a walk, she meets the young and outgoing nineteen-year-old Caleb, with whom she strikes up an acquaintance. The two spend the afternoon together and share a dinner later that night. Caleb and Jane run away from the restaurant without paying making Jane feel alive, before Caleb confessing to her that he paid the bill when he went to the bathroom. Caleb asks for Jane's phone number but she refuses and catches a ferry back to her hotel room.
The following day Jane and Leonard share a lunch in which further strain is shown, with Leonard not understanding why Jane has such a fascination with and envy of the life of a 'young, care-free' teenager. As she is saying this, Caleb suddenly arrives at the restaurant and sits with the couple at Jane's invitation. Leonard shows signs of suspicion of the two and promptly asks for the check. The three walk towards Leonard's work and Caleb leaves them but not before writing his address on Jane's hand despite Leonard pointing out that he has a piece of paper. Jane and Leonard say goodbye to each other and Jane walks away and runs into Caleb again. Jane asks Caleb if he is following her to which he asks whether that would be weird. The two walk together and Caleb confesses to Jane that he couldn't sleep after meeting her and actually planned to bump into her so he could see her again. The two share a passionate kiss. However Jane soon pulls away and questions Caleb's motives before leaving and telling him not to follow her. Jane goes home to have a shower but writes down Caleb's address in her notebook so she doesn't lose it when it washes off.
Jane tries to reignite the spark in her marriage and tries to initiate intimacy between the two but Leonard rebuffs her, instead concentrating on his work. Once again, Jane begins to see the cracks in her marriage and soon follows the address in her book to find Caleb. The two share a day of walking, dancing and swimming around the island before the two have sex in his home. Jane goes back to her hotel room and husband the following morning where he scolds her for allowing him to worry about her, especially when she claims she was just walking all night. Jane tells Leonard that they need to talk but he insists that he needs to go to work.
That night, when Leonard arrives home they fight and Jane confesses her affair to him. Leonard is angry at first, throwing a glass at the wall, but soon asks Jane to do what she needs to do. He also asks her to meet him at the train station at four the following day so that can depart the country together and re-patch their marriage, no guilt and no questions asked.
Jane spends the next morning with Caleb but decides to leave him and reject his offer to travel with him. Jane appears at the train station where Leonard is waiting. Leonard smiles but also points out that she is on the wrong side of the tracks and needs to cross over so they can leave together. Jane smiles back with a hint of sadness and a train comes and blocks Leonard's view of Jane. When the train departs, Jane is gone also, implying she got on the train and left both Caleb and Leonard, leaving the latter alone in the train station.
Cast
Kate Bosworth as Jane
Jamie Blackley as Caleb
Iddo Goldberg as Leonard
Salvatore de Vita as cab driver
Anthony Migliaccio as pickpocket
Giuseppe di Iorio as scooter mechanic
Carlo di Meglio as old man
Adamo Galano as waiter #1
Marco Trofa as waiter #2
Production
Coiro chose to shoot on the island of Ischia because one of her producers had a home there where they could film parts of the movie. While writing the script she used Google Earth to find interesting locations and one on Ischia she and the crew would arrive and illegally film in those locations without asking for permission.
The film was shot in color but director Coiro and her cinematographer ultimately wanted it to be shown in black and white. The film had a successful festival run in black and white but Coiro ultimately decided to release the movie in color so as not to limit her potential audience.
Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 43% based on 21 critics, with an average rating of 4.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 48 out of 100 based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote "The marital crisis at the [film's] heart has lost its allegorical weight. Jane and Leonard are just another unhappy couple with problems that have nothing to do with the direction of Western civilization".
Annlee Ellington of the Los Angeles Times had a different take on the film. Her reaction to it was "It's to Coiro's credit that no one emerges as a villain - and that, however painful, on the other side lies hope".
Nick Schager of The A.V. Club had compared the film to Richard Linklater's Before Sunrise, calling And While We Were Here derivative. He also praised lead actress, Kate Bosworth, calling her "committed", but also stating that "there's ultimately no real role for her to play-like her male co-stars", adding that "she's simply stuck embodying a series of cliched poses".
Wes Greene of Slant Magazine gave And While We Were Here one star out of four and compared the film to another romantic drama, Voyage to Italy by Roberto Rossellini.
While attending Tribeca Film Festival, Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter said that "[the film is u]nfortunately, this tale of an illicit romance between an unhappily married woman and a younger man traffics in far too many genre clichs, beginning with its idyllic locale".
According to John Anderson of Variety, "Between the architectural pillars of Renaissance Italy and Kate Bosworth, helmer Kat Coiro hangs a gossamer tale of ruined love and liberation with While We Were Here.
References
External links
2012 romantic drama films
Adultery in films
American films
American romantic drama films
Films about writers
Films directed by Kat Coiro
Films set in Italy
Films set in the Mediterranean Sea
Films shot in Naples |
23580098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champika%20Premadasa | Champika Premadasa | Abathenna Devayalage Champika Premadasa (born November 4, 1948) is a Sri Lankan politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
1948 births
Living people
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
Deputy ministers of Sri Lanka |
20483914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzwilliam%20Strait | Fitzwilliam Strait | The Fitzwilliam Strait () is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It separates Prince Patrick Island (to the north-west), Melville Island (to the south-east) and Emerald Isle (to the north-east). It opens into the Kellett Strait to the south-west.
Straits of the Northwest Territories |
20483921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20River%20State%20Park%20%28Arkansas%29 | Buffalo River State Park (Arkansas) | Buffalo River State Park was an Arkansas state park, established in 1938, that was absorbed into Buffalo National River when the Federal park was established in 1972. The area is now known as Buffalo Point. The new state park was developed with Civilian Conservation Corps labor in 1939 with the construction of park structures to plans from the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs. The CCC structures now comprise a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
One park highlight is a 3-mile trail. The Indian Rockhouse Trail is wonderfully scenic with many great points of interest including sculpted bedrock, a waterfall, a former zinc mine, and the Indian Rockhouse Cave.
See also
Big Buffalo Valley Historic District
Rush Historic District
Parker-Hickman Farm Historic District
National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Arkansas
References
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
State parks of Arkansas
1939 establishments in Arkansas
Rustic architecture in Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Marion County, Arkansas
Civilian Conservation Corps in Arkansas
Geography of Marion County, Arkansas
State parks of the U.S. Interior Highlands
National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Buffalo National River |
17342188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaminoyama%20Castle | Kaminoyama Castle | is a hirayama-style Japanese castle located in the center of the city of Kaminoyama, eastern Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Throughout the Edo period, Kaminoyama Castle was the headquarters for the daimyō of Kaminoyama Domain. The castle was also known as .
History
The first castle on this site dates to the early Muromachi period, when the area was under the control of the Tendō clan. The area was contested between the Mogami clan and the Date clan, changing hands several times. The foundations of the present castle were built by Takenaga Yoshitada, a retainer of the Mogami, in 1535. However, after the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, the Mogami were dispossessed, and a new 40,000 koku domain, Kaminoyama Domain was created. Thereafter the castle and Kaminoyama Domain passed through a number of daimyō clans, often for only a generation or two, and its revenues were often reduced. Under the Toki clan, a donjon was built, but it was destroyed when the clan was transferred elsewhere in 1692. In 1697, the castle came under the control of the Fujii branch of the Matsudaira clan, which continued to rule over Kaminoyama Domain until the Meiji restoration.
With the Abolition of the han system in 1871, Kaminoyama Domain became Kaminoyama Prefecture, and in 1872 the castle grounds were sold to the government and turned into a park.
In 1982, on the site of the second bailey, a faux reconstruction of a “typical” Edo period donjon was constructed out of concrete to serve as a tourist attraction and as a local history museum. It contains a local history museum.
Literature
External links
Kaminoyama Castle Jcastle Profile
Japan Castle Explorer
Official home page
Notes
Castles in Yamagata Prefecture
Museums in Yamagata Prefecture
History museums in Japan
Kaminoyama, Yamagata |
23580099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjorgji%20Mojsov | Gjorgji Mojsov | Gjorgji Mojsov (Macedonian: Ѓopѓи Mojcoв, born 27 May 1985 in Kavadarci) is a professional football coach and former player. Currently he is an assistant coach at Tikvesh in the Macedonian first division.
Club career
He has previously played with Macedonian clubs FK Pelister, FK Vardar and FK Rabotnički, Romanian Oțelul Galați, Hungarian Győri ETO FC and Serbian FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac.
Personal life
He is the older brother of Macedonian international defender Daniel Mojsov.
References
External links
Gjorgji Mojsov at football-lineups.com
Gjorgji Mojsov Stats at Utakmica.rs
1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kavadarci
Serbian people of Macedonian descent
Association football midfielders
Macedonian footballers
North Macedonia youth international footballers
FK Pelister players
FK Vardar players
FK Rabotnički players
ASC Oțelul Galați players
Győri ETO FC players
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac players
FK Horizont Turnovo players
FK Renova players
FC Zhetysu players
FK Sileks players
FK Tikvesh players
Macedonian First Football League players
Liga I players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Macedonian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Romania
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Serbia
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan |
44506523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Keio%20Challenger | 2014 Keio Challenger | The 2014 Keio Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Yokohama, Japan between November 10 and November 16, 2014.
Singles main-draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of November 3, 2014.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Masato Shiga
Manato Tanimoto
Kaichi Uchida
Kaito Uesugi
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Kim Young-seok
Nam Ji-sung
Shuichi Sekiguchi
Takao Suzuki
The following player received entry by a lucky loser spot:
Kim Cheong-eui
The following player received entry by a protected ranking:
Greg Jones
Champions
Singles
John Millman def. Kyle Edmund, 6–4, 6–4
Doubles
Bradley Klahn / Matt Reid def. Marcus Daniell / Artem Sitak, 4–6, 6–4, [10–7]
External links
Official Website
Keio Challenger
Keio Challenger
Keio Challenger
Keio Challenger |
20483926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafeez%20Malik | Hafeez Malik | Dr. Hafeez Malik () (1930, Lahore - 20 April 2020) was a Pakistan-American political scientist and the professor of political science at Villanova University in Pennsylvania.
After a high school education at Mission High School, Lahore, he graduated from Government College, Lahore with a BA degree in 1949. After a year in law college, he came to the US as a student at Syracuse University, where he completed a double master's degree in journalism and international relations, and then a PhD in political science in 1960.
While a student, he also worked for a Pakistani Urdu newspaper as a correspondent. In 1961, he joined Villanova University, where he was working as a professor of political science. From 1961 to 1963, and from 1966 to present, he has been a visiting professor at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department. From 1971 to 1974, he was president of the Pakistan Council of Asia Society, New York; director (1973–1988) of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies; and president of the Pakistani-American foundation. Since 1977, he has been the editor of the Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies (Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania). In 1992, Malik (along with Dr. Sakhawat Hussain) founded the Pakistan-American Congress, and then served as the chairman of its advising council (which was later converted into PAC Board of Trustees).
Books published
Russian-American relations: Islamic and Turkic Dimensions in the Volga-Ural Basin (London and New York City: Macmillan), 2000.
U.S., Russia and China in the New World Order (New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan), 1996.
Soviet-Pakistan Relations and Post Soviet Dynamics (New York; St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan), 1996.
Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects (New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan), 1994.
Dilemmas of National Security and Cooperation in India and Pakistan, Ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan), 1993.
Soviet-American Relations with Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan (published simultaneously from London, Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press), 1987.
Domestic Determinants of Soviet Foreign Policy Towards South Asia and the Middle East (London: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press), 1989.
International Security in Southwest Asia, Ed. (New York: Praeger Publishers), 1984.
Muslim Nationalism in India and Pakistan (Washington: Public Affairs Press), 1963.
Iqbal: Poet-Philosopher of Pakistan (New York and London: Columbia University Press), 1971.
Sir Sayyid's History of the Bijnore Rebellion (East Lansing: Michigan State University), 1967.
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Muslim Modernization in India and Pakistan (New York and London: Columbia University Press), 1980.
Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan: A Documentary Record (Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Quaid-I-Azam University Press), 1982.
Pakistan: Founders Aspirations and Today's Realities (Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2001.
Hafeez Malik, Yuri V. Gankovsky, Igor Khalevinski, Editors, Encyclopedia of Pakistan.
US Relations with Pakistan and Afghanistan: The Imperial Dimensions (Karachi: Oxford University Press 2008).
US Relations with Pakistan and Afghanistan: The Imperial Dimensions (Karachi: Oxford University Press 2008).
See also
Pakistani American
Pakistani American lobby
References
External links
Moslem Nationalism in India and Pakistan
Villanova University faculty
2020 deaths
1930 births
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Pakistani political scientists
Pakistani male journalists
People from Lahore
Pakistani emigrants to the United States
American academics of Pakistani descent |
17342193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast%20%28hieroglyph%29 | Mast (hieroglyph) | The ancient Egyptian Mast hieroglyph is one of the oldest language hieroglyphs from Ancient Egypt. It is used on a famous label of Pharaoh Den of the First dynasty, but forms part of the location hieroglyph: Emblem of the East.
Nectanebo II's obelisk uses the Mast hieroglyph when describing the construction of his obelisk; in a S-Egyptian emphatic word construct he adds a vertical S, the folded cloth, Gardiner no. S29, S29, at the beginning of the word "to erect". (see here, high res: , low res: )
The Ship's Mast hieroglyph is used as a triliteral phonetic hieroglyphic to represent the sound sequence ꜥḥꜥ, which means "to stand erect", or "to stand vertical"; its use is extensive throughout the language history, and hieroglyphic tomb reliefs and story-telling of Ancient Egypt. It is possibly a forerunner hieroglyph kh3 , the sun rising upon the horizon.
In the 198 BC Rosetta Stone, the ship's mast hieroglyph has the unique usage in the final line of the Ptolemy V decree: the mast is used twice-(adjective, verb):
engrave the decree..: "...upon a vertical-(mast) stone stele"..in the 3-language scripts, .."Shall be made to stand it in the sanctuaries in temples all..."
See also
Gardiner's Sign List#P. Ships and Parts of Ships
Gardiner's Sign List#U. Agriculture, Crafts, and Professions
List of Egyptian hieroglyphs by common name: M-Z
Mast
References
Budge. An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, E.A.Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c 1978, (c 1920), Dover edition, 1978. (In two volumes) (softcover, )
Budge. The Rosetta Stone,'' E.A.Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c 1929, Dover edition(unabridged), 1989. (softcover, )
Egyptian hieroglyphs: arts and trades
Egyptian hieroglyphs: ships and parts of ships |
20483933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingmar%20Ott | Ingmar Ott | Ingmar Ott (born 14 September 1955) is an Estonian botanist.
He was born in Tartu.
In 1980, he graduated from the University of Tartu in biology. In 1984, he became affiliated with the Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany.
1992–2001 he was the head of Võrtsjärv Limnology Centre.
References
External links
CV, Estonian Science Portal
20th-century Estonian botanists
1955 births
Living people
Scientists from Tartu
University of Tartu alumni
University of Tartu faculty
Estonian University of Life Sciences faculty
21st-century Estonian botanists |
23580117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20H.%20Cegu%20Isadean | M. H. Cegu Isadean | Mohamed Hasan Cegu Isadean (born 12 May 1944) is a Sri Lankan politician, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister. He is the founder and chairman of Sri Lanka Muslim Congress and immensely contributed to the development of the party during that time, and is also believed as the person who has written the party's constitution.
He served as the opposition leader of merged North-Eastern provincial council as well and held many deputy ministerial and ministerial portfolios such as Export Development, Mass Media Information, Rural Economic Development and Highways.
References
1944 births
Living people
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Malays
Sri Lankan Muslims
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
44506528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Lumsden | Robert Lumsden | Robert Benny Lumsden TD, FRCSED (1903 – 8 October 1973) was a Scottish consultant ear, nose and throat (E.N.T.) surgeon.
Education
Lumsden was educated at Strathallan School, the University of Edinburgh and for a short period at the University of Vienna. He graduated in medicine (MB, ChB) from Edinburgh in 1926 and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (FRCSED) in 1932.
Surgeon
After his house appointments Lumsden joined the E.N.T. department of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, where he eventually became honorary consultant. In 1928, he was appointed consultant to the E.N.T. department at Stirling Royal Infirmary and the Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh.
At the outbreak of the Second World War, Lumsden, already serving with the Officers' Training Corps, was appointed E.N.T. specialist to a field general hospital. Shortly afterward, he was appointed as consultant adviser in E.N.T. to the Middle East Force. Lumsden was promoted to captain on 11 April 1945. He retired from the Territorial Army Reserve of Officers on 17 April 1955 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. On 29 April 1955, he was awarded the Territorial Decoration (TD). Lumsden published several papers during his military career detailing some of his medical cases.
Following the end of the war, Lumsden spent time in Rome studying the treatment of Ménière's disease by destruction of the labyrinth of the inner ear by ultrasound and in Britain introduced the treatment at the experimental stage. While based at the Wilkie Surgical Research Institution at the University of Edinburgh he conducted extensive research on the effects of ultrasound on the inner ear. Lumsden retired from the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, in 1967.
Publications
In 1961 Lumsden was assistant editor on the sixth edition of Arthur Logan Turner's 1924 textbook Logan Turner's Diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Ear. In 2014, the book was on its 11th edition. A review of the sixth edition appeared in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine in March 1962.)
References
1903 births
1973 deaths
People educated at Strathallan School
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish surgeons
British otolaryngologists
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Royal Army Medical Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War II
20th-century Scottish medical doctors
20th-century surgeons |
20483947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avni%20Institute%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Avni Institute of Art and Design | Avni Institute of Art and Design is an Israeli art school located in Tel Aviv.
History
The Studia school (later Avni Institute) was established in 1936 by a group of Jewish artists. Among the founders was Aharon Avni, who became the school's first director. After Avni's death the school was renamed in his memory.
The school offers degrees in art and design and architecture. It also runs a Bachelor of Arts program in collaboration with the Open University of Israel.
The Avni Institute is located in a complex of buildings on Eilat Street in South Tel Aviv. The buildings are named after the school's leading teachers. On the premises is a large gallery space where students can exhibit their works.
Notable faculty and alumni
Faculty
Tuvia Beeri
Bianca Eshel Gershuni (also an alum)
Pinchas Cohen Gan
Jan Rauchwerger (also an alum)
Moshe Sternschuss
Yehezkel Streichman
Avigdor Stematsky
Yigal Tumarkin
Zvi Lachman
Alumni
Benni Efrat
Daniel Enkaoua
Gideon Gechtman
Moshe Gershuni
Moses Hacmon
Zvi Hecker
Menashe Kadishman
Ram Karmi
David Leviathan
Ofer Lellouche
Isaac Maimon
Avi Schwartz
Siona Shimshi
Itzchak Tarkay
Yona Wallach
Boaz Vaadia
See also
Visual arts in Israel
Education in Israel
References
External links
Avni homepage
Art schools in Israel
Universities and colleges in Tel Aviv |
17342201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarlath%20Conroy | Jarlath Conroy | Jarlath Conroy (born 30 September 1944) is an Irish theatre, film and television actor. Since 1971, he has become a successful actor appearing in film and television, including NYPD Blue, Law & Order, and Law & Order: Criminal Intent. He also appeared in the movies Day of the Dead and The Art of Getting By. He is also the voice actor of Seamus in John Saul's Blackstone Chronicles and Aiden O'Malley in Rockstar Games's Grand Theft Auto IV.
In 2016 The Yale Repertory Theatre mounted a production of Samuel Beckett's Happy Days with Jarlath Conroy as "Willie" opposite Dianne Wiest as "Winnie", it was directed by James Bundy. The production subsequently transferred to Downtown Brooklyn, New York's Theatre for a New Audience with Wiest and Conroy reprising their roles in April & May 2017.
Selected filmography
Heaven's Gate (1980) - Mercenary in Suit
The Elephant Man (1982 television film) - Will
Day of the Dead (1985) - Bill McDermott
NYPD Blue (1994 television series) - School Teacher (Episode: Double Abandando)
John Saul's Blackstone Chronicles (1998 video game) - Seamus (voice)
Kinsey (2004) - Grocer
Stay (2005) - English Man
The Marconi Bros. (2008) - Irish Priest
Grand Theft Auto IV (2008 video game) - Aiden O'Malley (voice)
True Grit (2010) - The Undertaker
The Art of Getting By (2011) - Harris McElroy
Roadie (2011) - Wes, Motel Clerk
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2011 television series) - Mr. Coogan (Episode: "Missing Pieces")
Putsel (2012) - McGinty
August Heat (2014 short film) - Charles
The Knick (2015 television series) - The Hypnoist (2 episodes)
To Keep the Light (2016) - Inspector of the Light
Night of the Living Dead 2 (2021)
References
External links
Jarlath Conroy Official Website Chang, Lia.
1944 births
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Irish expatriates in the United States
Irish male film actors
Irish male television actors
Living people
Male actors from County Galway |
26720872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore."
History
The idea to form the band came after Coats had worked as producer on a prospective Circle Jerks album which ultimately fell apart. During that time, Coats and Morris had written several songs together which they used to start Off!. The group made its live debut at the 2010 South By Southwest Music Festival in Austin, Texas. Off!'s first Los Angeles show featured an original art installation by Raymond Pettibon at a downtown warehouse space.
The first release by Off! was a 7" vinyl EP called 1st EP, which came out on October 13, 2010. That EP, along with three more EPs, were later released as a four 7" vinyl box set entitled First Four EPs on December 14, 2010. The collection contains sixteen songs, and featured artwork by Raymond Pettibon. The compilation is also regarded as the band's debut album.
In 2012, Off! released a full-length self-titled album. In April 2014, the band released their third album, Wasted Years. Each of their albums has featured cover art by Pettibon, and each is 16 tracks long.
Anthony Kiedis of the Red Hot Chili Peppers has been one of Morris' friends for over 30 years. Morris, at one point in the '80s, filled in for Kiedis at one of the band's shows. At every date on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' I'm with You World Tour, Kiedis wore an Off! hat to promote the band. He also sported the hat in some of the band's music videos. Off! have also opened a few shows for the band. On their relationship, Morris said: “I’ve known Anthony since the beginning of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Anthony and Flea are my friends, and if I want to go out and play shows with some of my friends, I’m going to. I’ve been playing music for over 33 years, and I have some friends that are in extremely large bands. We could go out night after night and play to people who know who we are, and that’s all fan-fucking-tastic, but part of our job is to take it up a couple of notches. Those people may hate us, but maybe they’ll love us. There’s only one way to find out and that’s to do it.”
In 2019, the band announced a new feature film and accompanying soundtrack album called Watermelon. The film was scheduled to start shooting in early 2020. The film's Kickstarter, however, was ultimately unsuccessful, falling short of its $175,000 goal.
In July 2021, after over a year without any updates, the band announced via Facebook that the film was still in production but that the band has "a new rhythm section."The band at that same time released their first new song in seven years: a cover of Metallica's "Holier than Thou," which subsequently appeared on The Metallica Blacklist tribute album. A music video for the song was released, and featured appearances by David Yow of The Jesus Lizard, Angelo Moore of Fishbone, cosplayer/actress Chloe Dykstra, and writer/director/comedian Derrick Beckles, among others. The new music video also revealed the new members of the band to be Autry Fulbright II (...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead) on bass and Justin Brown (Thundercat) on drums. The band also announced that they are still working on a new album, and have signed with Fat Possum Records who along with their next album, will also release their back catalog.
Band members
Current members
Keith Morris – vocals (2009-present)
Dimitri Coats – guitar (2009-present)
Autry Fulbright II – bass (2021–present)
Justin Brown – drums (2021–present)
Past members
Steven Shane McDonald – bass (2009–2021)
Mario Rubalcaba – drums (2009–2021)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Off! (2012)
Wasted Years (2014)
Compilation albums
First Four EPs (2010)
Live albums
Live at 9:30 Club (limited edition vinyl release) (2013)
Live From the BBC (2015)
Singles
1st EP (2010)
"Compared to What" (2011)
Live at Generation Records (2011)
Sugar Daddy Live Split Series Vol. 3 (split with the Taylor's) (2012)
"Learn to Obey" (2014)
Compilation appearances
The Music of Grand Theft Auto V (2013)
Features the exclusive track "What's Next?"
The Metallica Blacklist (2021)
Features the exclusive track "Holier Than Thou"
Music videos
References
External links
Radio Interview - Keith Morris
Off! Interview with RocknRollDating (Keith Morris and Steven McDonald)
Hardcore punk groups from California
Supergroups (music)
Musical groups established in 2009
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Fat Possum Records artists |
23580119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%20State%20Route%20747 | Ohio State Route 747 | State Route 747 (SR 747) is a north–south state highway in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. It connects with SR 4 at both ends, from a signalized intersection in Glendale at the south end to a signalized intersection approximately west of SR 63 near Monroe at the north end, bypassing Fairfield and Hamilton in the process. SR 747 is also known as Princeton-Glendale Road.
Route description
Along its way, SR 747 passes through northern Hamilton County and southern Butler County. No portion of SR 747 is included within the National Highway System, a system of routes deemed most important for the country's economy, mobility and defense.
History
When it was designated in 1937, SR 747 followed the same routing between SR 4 in Glendale and SR 4 near Monroe that it utilizes to this day. The highway has not experienced any major changes to its routing since it was established.
Major intersections
References
747
Transportation in Butler County, Ohio
Transportation in Hamilton County, Ohio |
20483959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Louis%20Comiskey | J. Louis Comiskey | John Louis Comiskey (August 12, 1885 – July 18, 1939) was an American businessman and the owner of the Chicago White Sox of the American League from 1931 to 1939.
Biography
He was born on August 12, 1885, son of Charles Comiskey. He inherited the team from his father in 1931. He started work for the White Sox in 1910.
Comiskey died of heart disease at the age of 53 on July 18, 1939. Control of the White Sox passed to Comiskey's widow, Grace Comiskey, upon his death.
References
External links
Comiskey's Baseball Library Biography
1939 deaths
Major League Baseball owners
Chicago White Sox owners
Chicago White Sox executives
Businesspeople from Chicago
1885 births
Comiskey family
20th-century American businesspeople |
44506534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandviken%20Hospital | Sandviken Hospital | Sandviken Hospital () is a psychiatric hospital situated in the Sandviken neighborhood of Bergen, Norway. It is part of Bergen Hospital Trust. The hospital was established in 1891 as Neevengården Hospital. It took the current name in 1978. It is the only secure psychiatric unit within Western Norway Regional Health Authority.
References
Psychiatric hospitals in Norway
Buildings and structures in Bergen
Hospitals established in 1891
1891 establishments in Norway |
20483975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljo%20Pork | Kaljo Pork | Kaljo Pork (March 30, 1930 - December 2, 1981) was an Estonian botanist. He was affiliated with the Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany between 1952 and his death in 1981.
Pork was born in the village of Ramma in Järva County. He initiated the creation of Laelatu Biological Station at one of the most species-rich plant community in Europe — a wooded meadow at the western coast of Estonia.
He died in Tartu.
References
1930 births
1981 deaths
People from Järva Parish
20th-century Estonian botanists |
23580127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramalingam%20Chandrasekar | Ramalingam Chandrasekar | Ramalingam Chandrasekar (born 22 January 1963) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
1963 births
Living people
Sri Lankan Hindus
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Deputy chairmen of committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka |
26720874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20%28band%29 | Interstellar (band) | Interstellar was a Canadian rock band based in Toronto, Ontario. The band released two albums of electronic music in the 2000s.
History
The band was formed in 1998 by Rob Boak (guitar, bass, keyboards) and Denis Dufour (guitar, bass, keyboards, vocals). The debut album, Late Night Tea, was released in 2000 on Mother Superior Records. Cam Lindsay of Exclaim! described the record as sounding like it had been recorded "at four in the morning", comparing it with Spiritualized and Tortoise.
Interstellar's second album ToSleepToDreamToWake was recorded over three years and issued in 2004 on Plan Eleven Records, charting across Canada and was aired on campus and community radio. The album contained a mixture of uptempo jazz, psychedelia and electro-pop, overlaid with electronic guitar and synthesizer instrumental work.
Rob Boak also played guitar/Moog in Mean Red Spiders and after Interstellar split up, recorded under the name Cinemascope, Dark Constellations and Infinity Projector.
Discography
Late Night Tea (2000), Mother Superior
ToSleepToDreamToWake (2004), Plan Eleven
References
Canadian rock music groups |
20483976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc%20botanique%20de%20Launay | Parc botanique de Launay | The Parc botanique de Launay (90 hectares), sometimes known as the Parc botanique d'Orsay or the Parc de l'Université Paris XI, is a botanical garden located on the Université Paris-Sud XI campus at 3 rue Georges-Clemenceau, Orsay, Essonne, Île-de-France, France, and open daily; admission is free.
See also
List of botanical gardens in France
References
Flore virtuelle d'Orsay
BGCI entry
Balado: Parc botanique de Launay
Tourisme Essonne entry (French)
Culture.fr entry (French)
Launay, Parc botanique de
Launay, Parc botanique de |
44506540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai-Hong%20Kong%20Stock%20Connect | Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect | Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect () is a cross-boundary investment channel that connects the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Under the program, investors in each market are able to trade shares on the other market using their local brokers and clearing houses. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang announced the programme on 10 April 2014. The scheme launched on 17 November 2014.
History
Mutual market access was raised as early as January 2013 when Charles Li, the chief executive of HKEx, announced it as an objective in the bourse’s three-year strategic plan. It was finally formally announced by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the Boao Forum in the Chinese province of Hainan on April 10, 2014. Premier Li said the move aims to promote two-way opening-up and healthy development of the capital market on the mainland and Hong Kong. "We will carry out a new round of opening-up at a high level," Li said, adding that an important part of this endeavor is to further open up the service sector, including the capital market.
Following the Premier’s announcement, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) in Hong Kong and the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) in Beijing made a Joint Announcement regarding the in-principle approval for the pilot programme. It said it should take approximately six months to launch.
Operational Issues
The stock connect program launched successfully in November 2014, but certain mechanisms, such as T+0 settlement, Delivery Versus Payment, and difficulties recreating the common omnibus trading account structure were unfamiliar to international institutional investors.
UCITS funds out of Luxembourg and Ireland faced additional legal questions around the concept of beneficial ownership of A-shares purchased through the link. Eventually, an enhanced SPSA model provided by Hong Kong custodians alleviated much of the concerns, gradually removing barriers for such funds to receive approval to invest via the stock connect link.
Details of the Scheme
Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect is the first controllable and expandable channel for mutual market access between the Mainland and Hong Kong by a broad range of investors. Eligible investors in Mainland China can purchase eligible shares listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange via their own local broker, while Hong Kong and international investors will be able to purchase eligible Shanghai-listed shares through their local broker as well.
Investor Eligibility
All Hong Kong and overseas investors will be allowed to trade eligible shares listed in Shanghai. However, only Mainland institutional investors and individual investors who have RMB500,000 in their investment and cash accounts are eligible to trade Hong Kong-listed shares.
Eligible Stocks
Only A shares listed in Shanghai will be included in the initial stage. Hong Kong and overseas investors will be able to trade certain stocks listed on the SSE including all constituent stocks from time to time of the SSE 180 Index and SSE 380 Index, and all the SSE-listed A shares that are not included as constituent stocks of the relevant indices but which have corresponding H shares listed in Hong Kong, except for those not traded in RMB and included in the “risk alert board”.
Mainland investors will be able to trade the constituent stocks of the Hang Seng Composite LargeCap Index and Hang Seng Composite MidCap Index, and all H shares that are not included as constituent stocks of the relevant indices but which have corresponding A shares listed in Shanghai except for Hong Kong shares not traded in Hong Kong dollars and H shares which have shares listed and traded not in Shanghai.
Quotas
Northbound and southbound trading was subject to separate sets of aggregate and daily quotas at launch. The northbound aggregate quotas was set at RMB 300 billion, while the southbound aggregate was set at RMB250 billion. The quotas is calculated on a netting basis at the end of each trading day. The aggregate quotas has been abolished since August 16, 2016.
The daily quota limits the maximum net buy value of cross-boundary trades under the scheme. The current northbound daily quotas is set at RMB52 billion while the southbound daily quota is set at RMB42 billion as of March 31, 2020.
Trading Hours
Northbound trading will follow the hours set on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, however the Shanghai exchange will accept northbound orders five minutes before the Mainland market session opens in the morning and in the afternoon.
Southbound trading will follow the Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s hours.
Holidays
Trading will only be conducted with both markets are open on trading and settlement days.
Trading Currency
All trading in the scheme will be done in RMB.
Clearing and Settlement
For northbound trades, ChinaClear will act as the host Central counterparty and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Corporation will be a participant of ChinaClear. HKSCC will take up settlement obligations of its Clearing Participants in respect of northbound trades and settle the trades directly with ChinaClear in the Mainland.
The same will apply for southbound trades; HKSCC will be the host CCP and ChinaClear will be its Clearing Agency Participant. ChinaClear will take up settlement obligations of its clearing participants in respect of southbound trades and settle the trades with HKSCC in Hong Kong.
References
See also
Shanghai-London Stock Connect
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect
Shanghai Stock Exchange
Economy of Hong Kong
2014 establishments in China |
20483977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballantyne%20Strait | Ballantyne Strait | The Ballantyne Strait is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It separates Prince Patrick Island (to the south-west) and Brock Island (to the north-east). It opens into the Arctic Ocean to the north-west.
References
Straits of the Northwest Territories |
23580135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20M.%20Chandrasena | S. M. Chandrasena | Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Chandrasena (born May 3, 1955) is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister. He has one child. His brother is former chief minister of North Central province, S. M. Ranjith. He is a famous politician in Anuradhapura District.
References
1955 births
Living people
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
People from Anuradhapura |
23580136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary%20Clooney%20Sings%20the%20Music%20of%20Cole%20Porter | Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Cole Porter | Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Cole Porter is a 1982 album by Rosemary Clooney, of songs by Cole Porter.
Track listing
"In the Still of the Night" – 3:22
"My Heart Belongs to Daddy" – 4:10
"I Get a Kick Out of You" – 3:43
"Get Out of Town" – 3:22
"I Concentrate on You" – 5:53
"Just One of Those Things" – 4:07
"I've Got You Under My Skin" – 3:52
"It's De-Lovely" – 3:09
"You're the Top" – 3:14
"Anything Goes" – 3:01
All music and lyrics by Cole Porter.
Personnel
Rosemary Clooney – vocal
Scott Hamilton - tenor saxophone
Warren Vache - cornet and flugelhorn
David Ladd - flute
Cal Tjader - vibraphone
Nat Pierce - piano
Cal Collins - guitar
Bob Maize - bass
Jake Hanna - drums
References
1982 albums
Cole Porter tribute albums
Concord Records albums
Rosemary Clooney albums |
23580137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humewood%20Road%20railway%20station | Humewood Road railway station | Humewood Road railway station is a railway station located in Humewood, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
A separate station to the main Port Elizabeth railway station, built in 1899, it is the southern terminus of the narrow gauge Avontuur Railway, which at is the longest 2 ft gauge railway in the world. The Humewood Road-Humansdorp section of the Avontuur Railway was opened on November, 1905.
References
Buildings and structures in Port Elizabeth
Railway stations in South Africa
Transport in the Eastern Cape |
6910145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20American%20Le%20Mans%20Series | 2000 American Le Mans Series | The 2000 American Le Mans Series was the second running of the IMSA American Le Mans Series, and overall the 30th season of an IMSA GT Championship, dating back to the 1971 edition. It was a series for Le Mans Prototypes (LMP) and Grand Touring (GT) race cars divided into 3 classes: LMP, GTS, and GT. It began March 18, 2000 and ended December 31, 2000 after 12 races.
This season was the first time that the ALMS held races outside of North America, with two events held in Europe and one in Australia. These events helped with the creation of the 2001 European Le Mans Series season, although it was short-lived. An Asian Le Mans Series was also discussed but not developed.
Schedule
The 2000 schedule greatly expanded from the previous season, adding not only three races outside North America, but an additional North American round as well. Silverstone Circuit and the Nürburgring were scheduled before and after the 24 Hours of Le Mans, while the Race of a Thousand Years in Australia was held long after the North American season ended. Road courses at Charlotte Motor Speedway and Texas Motor Speedway replaced the previous year's Grand Prix of Atlanta at Road Atlanta.
Season results
Overall winner in bold.
Drivers Championship
The Drivers Championship was won by Allan McNish and Rinaldo Capello.
Manufacturers Championship
The Manufacturers Championship was won by Audi.
Teams Championship
Points are awarded to the finishers in the following order:
25-21-19-17-15-14-13-12-11-10-...
Exceptions being for the 12 Hours of Sebring, 1000 km of Nurburgring, Petit Le Mans, and Race of a Thousand Years which awarded in the following order:
30-26-24-22-20-19-18-17-16-15-...
Points were only awarded for the best 10 finishes in the 12 race season. Points won but not counted towards the season championship are listed in italics.
Cars failing to complete 70% of the winner's distance are not awarded points. Teams only score the points of their highest finishing entry in each race.
LMP Standings
GTS Standings
GT Standings
References
External links
American Le Mans Series homepage
IMSA Archived ALMS Results and Points
American Le Mans
Le Mans
American Le Mans Series seasons |
26720882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20McAnuff | Winston McAnuff | Winston McAnuff, also known under the stage name Electric Dread (born 1957) is a Jamaican singer and composer of reggae and dub music.
Life and career
McAnuff was born in Manchester Parish, Jamaica into a family of preachers. One of his great-grandfathers was Scottish. He started his musical career singing gospel in the church choir. He recorded his first album Pick Hits to Click in 1978. Two years later his second album What the man "a" deal wid was released. His best known song from this time is the single "Malcolm X" (about Malcolm X), which was also recorded by Earl Sixteen, and most successfully by Dennis Brown. It was originally recorded by McAnuff for Joe Gibbs but the producer decided not to release it, and he got Earl Sixteen to record it before the song was given to Dennis Brown who recorded it for his Visions of Dennis Brown album. The song was the subject of a legal dispute in 2013 between McAnuff and Greensleeves Records after the record label allegedly registered the song as co-written by Brown. A third studio album, Electric Dread, was released in 1986.
Although McAnuff had reasonable fame in Jamaica, none of his work was released elsewhere. It wasn't until 2002 that his work was released in Europe. In 2002 the French record label Makasound released the first two albums and a compilation album Diary of the Silent Years. The release of the albums revived McAnuff's career, notably in France.
In 2005 McAnuff released the album A Drop, which he recorded with the French keyboard player Camille Bazbaz. This record displays a mix of rock, funk, dub and punk rock. A year later, in 2006, a new album Paris Rockin''', which he recorded with Java and other French session musicians, was released. His last album, Nostradamus, was released in 2008. The album was a concept album about the predictions of Nostradamus.
In 2011, he took part in Les Échos Du Temps the latest album of Danakil, a French roots reggae band, on the track "Media" where both he and his son Matthew were featured. This is the last apparition of his son, murdered 22 August 2012 in a street fight.
In 2013 he released the album A New Day, a collaboration with French musician Fixi.
In 2014 he sings on two songs of the first album of The Celtic Social Club, a collective of Scottish, Breton, French and New Yorker musicians.
In 2017, he releases the album "Rabbi Son" with french producers Bost & Bim on their own label The Bombist.
McAnuff's nephew is professional footballer Jobi McAnuff.
Discography
Studio albumsPick Hits to Click (1978)What the Man "a" Deal Wid (1980) Electric Dread (1986)One Love (1995) – a rerelease of What the Man "a" Deal WidParis Rockin' (2006) Nostradamus (2008)Rabbi Son (2017)
Compilation albumsDiary of the Silent Years (2002) – compilation
Joint albumsA Drop (2005) – with Camille BazbazA Bang (2011) with The Bazbaz OrchestraGarden of Love EP (2013) – with FixiA New Day (2013) with FixiBig Brothers'' (2018) with Fixi
References
Jamaican male singers
Jamaican people of Scottish descent
Jamaican reggae singers
Jamaican Rastafarians
Jamaican songwriters
Dub musicians
Performers of Rastafarian music
Jamaican former Christians
Converts to the Rastafari movement
People from Manchester Parish
1957 births
Living people |
20484016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff%20Davies%20%28rugby%20union%29 | Cliff Davies (rugby union) | Clifton Davies (12 December 1919 – 28 January 1967) was a Welsh international prop who played club rugby for Cardiff and invitational rugby for the Barbarians. He won 16 caps for Wales and was selected to play in the British Lions on the 1950 tour of Australia and New Zealand.
Davies was a short, tough prop forward, who was also known within rugby circles for his cheery demeanor and baritone singing voice.
Rugby career
Davies began his rugby career with local club Kenfig Hill before moving to Bridgend. After the war, Davies was persuaded to join first tier club, Cardiff, by Jack Matthews and joined the Blues in the 1945/46 season. Davies made his international debut for Wales during the 1947 Five Nations Championship, when he was selected to face Scotland at Murrayfield. Under the captaincy of Haydn Tanner, Wales beat the Scottish team convincingly and Davies secured his position in the team for the rest of the season. In his second game for Wales, Davies was involved in a memorable match against France at Stade Colombes. In a bruising encounter, Davies bit the ear of French prop Jean Princlary in the scrum, after the Frenchman's continual harassment of Billy Gore, the Welsh hooker. The Welsh team were happy to win the game by a single drop goal.
During the 1947/48 season, Davies was part of one of the strongest Cardiff teams in the club's history. Out of 41 games, Cardiff lost just two, to Pontypool and Penarth, and also beat the touring Australians. Davies was also picked to face the Australians for Wales, which saw the Welsh team win through two penalty goals from Bill Tamplin. Davies played for all four matches of the 1948 Five Nations Championship, though after a draw against England and a win over Scotland, Davies experienced his first international loss when Wales were beaten by both France and Ireland. The 1949 season was a poor one for Davies, as he was picked for only one game of the tournament in another loss to the French.
1950 was a far better year for Davies, which cemented his position as one of the truly great Welsh props. Davies played in all four of the 1950 Championship which saw Wales win their first Grand Slam since 1911. The Welsh pack included two inexperienced players, David Davies and John Robins, and it was Cliff who steadied the Welsh pack, allowing his hooker to win key possession in the scrums. In the opening game against England, Davies also scored his only international points, finishing off a Lewis John run to score a try at Twickenham to give Wales the victory. That year he was chosen for the British Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, and although playing in only one test, he was a popular character who kept up team morale.
Davies' played in the first three opening games of the 1951 Championship, but was dropped after a draw against Ireland at the Cardiff Arms Park. Davies then faced his final major touring team, when he was part of the Cardiff team that faced the touring South Africa team. It was a close match which Cardiff lost 11–9. Davies played particularly well in the front row, but when he turned up from working down the mine he was unshaven and used his stubble against the South African prop, Jaap Bekker in the scrum. After rubbing the side of Bekker's face raw, Bekker warned Davies to stop, or he would bite him. Davies did not stop, and Bekker responded by biting a piece out of Davies' ear which caused a heavy bleed.
Davies retired from first class rugby in 1952.
International matches played
Wales
1947
1948, 1950, 1951
1947, 1948, 1949, 1950
1947, 1948, 1950, 1951
1947, 1948, 1950, 1951
British Lions
1950 (4th Test)
References
Bibliography
1919 births
1967 deaths
Barbarian F.C. players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales
Cardiff RFC players
Kenfig Hill RFC players
Rugby union players from Kenfig Hill
Rugby union props
Welsh miners
Welsh rugby union players |
26720883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-harvest%20losses%20%28vegetables%29 | Post-harvest losses (vegetables) | Post-harvest losses of vegetables and fruit occur at all points in the value chain from production in the field to the food being placed on a plate for consumption. Post-harvest activities include harvesting, handling, storage, processing, packaging, transportation and marketing.
Losses of horticultural produce are a major problem in the post-harvest chain. They can be caused by a wide variety of factors, ranging from growing conditions to handling at retail level. Not only are losses clearly a waste of food, but they also represent a similar waste of human effort, farm inputs, livelihoods, investments, and scarce resources such as water. Post-harvest losses for horticultural produce are, however, difficult to measure. In some cases everything harvested by a farmer may end up being sold to consumers. In others, losses or waste may be considerable. Occasionally, losses may be 100%, for example when there is a price collapse and it would cost the farmer more to harvest and market the produce than to plough it back into the ground. Use of average loss figures is thus often misleading. There can be losses in quality, as measured both by the price obtained and the nutritional value, as well as in quantity.
On-farm causes of loss
There are numerous factors affecting post-harvest losses, from the soil in which the crop is grown to the handling of produce when it reaches the shop. Pre-harvest production practices may seriously affect post-harvest returns. Plants need a continuous supply of water for photosynthesis and transpiration. Damage can be caused by too much rain or irrigation, which can lead to decay; by too little water; and by irregular water supply, which can, for example, lead to growth cracks. Lack of plant food can affect the quality of fresh produce, causing stunted growth or discoloration of leaves, abnormal ripening and a range of other factors. Too much fertilizer can harm the development and post-harvest condition of produce. Good crop husbandry is important for reducing losses. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients and soil moisture. Decaying plant residues in the field are also a major loss factor.
Causes of loss after harvest
Fruits and vegetables are living parts of plant and contain 65 to 95 percent water. When food and water reserves are exhausted, produce dies and decays. Anything that increases the rate at which a product's food and water reserves are used up increases the likelihood of losses. Increase in normal physiological changes can be caused by high temperature, low atmospheric humidity and physical injury. Such injury often results from careless handling, causing internal bruising, splitting and skin breaks, thus rapidly increasing water loss.
Respiration is a continuing process in a plant and cannot be stopped without damage to the growing plant or harvested produce. It uses stored starch or sugar and stops when reserves of these are exhausted, leading to ageing. Respiration depends on a good air supply. When the air supply is restricted fermentation instead of respiration can occur. Poor ventilation of produce also leads to the accumulation of carbon dioxide. When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases it will quickly ruin produce.
Fresh produce continues to lose water after harvest. Water loss causes shrinkage and loss of weight. The rate at which water is lost varies according to the product. Leafy vegetables lose water quickly because they have a thin skin with many pores. Potatoes, on the other hand, have a thick skin with few pores. But whatever the product, to extend shelf or storage life the rate of water loss must be minimal. The most significant factor is the ratio of the surface area of the fruit or vegetable to its volume. The greater the ratio the more rapid will be the loss of water. The rate of loss is related to the difference between the water vapour pressure inside the produce and in the air. Produce must therefore be kept in a moist atmosphere.
Diseases caused by fungi and bacteria cause losses but virus diseases, common in growing crops, are not a major post-harvest problem. Deep penetration of decay makes infected produce unusable. This is often the result of infection of the produce in the field before harvest. Quality loss occurs when the disease affects only the surface. Skin blemishes may lower the sale price but do not render a fruit or vegetable inedible. Fungal and bacterial diseases are spread by microscopic spores, which are distributed in the air and soil and via decaying plant material. Infection after harvest can occur at any time. It is usually the result of harvesting or handling injuries.
Ripening occurs when a fruit is mature. Ripeness is followed by senescence and breakdown of the fruit. The category “fruit” refers also to products such as aubergine, sweet pepper and tomato. Non-climacteric fruit only ripen while still attached to the parent plant. Their eating quality suffers if they are harvested before fully ripe as their sugar and acid content does not increase further. Examples are citrus, grapes and pineapple. Early harvesting is often carried out for export shipments to minimise loss during transport, but a consequence of this is that the flavour suffers. Climacteric fruit are those that can be harvested when mature but before ripening has begun. These include banana, melon, papaya, and tomato. In commercial fruit marketing the rate of ripening is controlled artificially, thus enabling transport and distribution to be carefully planned. Ethylene gas is produced in most plant tissues and is important in starting off the ripening process. It can be used commercially for the ripening of climacteric fruits. However, natural ethylene produced by fruits can lead to in-storage losses. For example, ethylene destroys the green colour of plants. Leafy vegetables will be damaged if stored with ripening fruit. Ethylene production is increased when fruits are injured or decaying and this can cause early ripening of climacteric fruit during transport.
Damage in the marketing chain
Fruits and vegetables are very susceptible to mechanical injury. This can occur at any stage of the marketing chain and can result from poor harvesting practices such as the use of dirty cutting knives; unsuitable containers used at harvest time or during the marketing process, e.g. containers that can be easily squashed or have splintered wood, sharp edges or poor nailing; overpacking or underpacking of containers; and careless handling of containers. Resultant damage can include splitting of fruits, internal bruising, superficial grazing, and crushing of soft produce. Poor handling can thus result in development of entry points for moulds and bacteria, increased water loss, and an increased respiration rate.
Produce can be damaged when exposed to extremes of temperature. Levels of tolerance to low temperatures are importance when cool storage is envisaged. All produce will freeze at temperatures between 0 and -2 degrees Celsius. Although a few commodities are tolerant of slight freezing, bad temperature control in storage can lead to significant losses.
Some fruits and vegetables are also susceptible to contaminants introduced after harvest by use of contaminated field boxes; dirty water used for washing produce before packing; decaying, rejected produce lying around packing houses; and unhealthy produce contaminating healthy produce in the same packages.
Losses directly attributed to transport can be high, particularly in developing countries. Damage occurs as a result of careless handling of packed produce during loading and unloading; vibration (shaking) of the vehicle, especially on bad roads; and poor stowage, with packages often squeezed into the vehicle in order to maximise revenue for the transporters. Overheating leads to decay, and increases the rate of water loss. In transport it can result from using closed vehicles with no ventilation; stacking patterns that block the movement of air; and using vehicles that provide no protection from the sun. Breakdowns of vehicles can be a significant cause of losses in some countries, as perishable produce can be left exposed to the sun for a day or more while repairs are carried out.
At the retail marketing stage losses can be significant, particularly in poorer countries. Poor-quality markets often provide little protection for the produce against the elements, leading to rapid produce deterioration. Sorting of produce to separate the saleable from the unsaleable can result in high percentages being discarded, and there can be high weight loss from the trimming of leafy vegetables. Arrival of fresh supplies in a market may lead to some existing, older stock being discarded, or sold at very low prices.
Avoiding loss
Losses can be avoided by following good practices as indicated above. There is also a wide range of post-harvest technologies that can be adopted to improve losses throughout the process of pre-harvest, harvest, cooling, temporary storage, transport, handling, and market distribution. Recommended technologies vary depending on the type of loss experienced. In recent years, researchers have developed digital means to monitor, optimize, and make changes in the management, logistic, and post-harvest supply chain processes to improve quality and reduce food losses. This digital technology, known as "digital twin", involves developing a virtual prototype of fresh produce with its natural characteristics. By coupling input-sensed data with already existing mechanistic models, the actionable output of an entire shipment of fresh produce, including shelf life, thermal injury, microbial spoilage, weight loss, and overall product quality can be identified. Although still in its early stages of application in post-harvest technology, digital twin also helps identify when and where these changes occur in the entire food supply chain. However, all interventions must meet the principle of cost-effectiveness. In theory it should be possible to reduce losses substantially but in practice this may be prohibitively expensive. Especially for small farms, for which it is essential to reduce losses, it is difficult to afford expensive and work-intensive technologies.
Assessing losses
There are no reliable methods for evaluating post-harvest losses of fresh produce although techniques for this have been improving in recent years. Any assessment can only refer to a particular value chain on a particular occasion and, even then, it is difficult to account for quality loss or to differentiate between unavoidable moisture loss and losses due to poor post-harvest handling and other factors described above. Accurate records of losses at various stages of the marketing chain are rarely kept, particularly in tropical countries where losses can be highest, making reliable assessment of the potential cost-effectiveness of interventions at different stages of the chain virtually impossible. The lack of such information may lead to misplaced interventions by governments and donors.
See also
Food waste
Post-harvest losses (grains)
References
External links
Washington State University Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Postharvest Information Network Article Database
Horticulture
Crops
Harvest |
26720899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine%20Valley | Rhine Valley | Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal) is the valley, or any section of it, of the river Rhine in Europe.
Particular valleys of the Rhine or any of its sections:
Alpine Rhine Valley
Chur Rhine Valley (or Grisonian Rhine Valley; , or sometimes Bündner Rheintal) between Reichenau and Sargans, East Switzerland
St. Gallen Rhine Valley (also: St. Gall Rhine Valley; , however commonly known as Rheintal) between Sargans and Lake Constance, East Switzerland
High Rhine Valley
Upper Rhine Valley (or Upper Rhine Plain, also known as Rhine Rift Valley; ), a rift valley between Basel and Bingen am Rhein, Germany
Middle Rhine Valley ()
Lower Rhine Valley
See also
Oberrheintal (translation: "Upper Rhine Valley", but not to be confused with the Upper Rhine Valley), a former district in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, part of the St. Gallen Rhine Valley
Unterrheintal (translation: "Lower Rhine Valley"), a former district in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, part of the St. Gallen Rhine Valley
Notes |
23580141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Burnett%20%28New%20Zealand%20politician%29 | Thomas Burnett (New Zealand politician) | Thomas David Burnett (25 November 1877 – 30 November 1941) was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party, and joined the National Party after the 1935 election.
Early life
Burnett's parents were Andrew Burnett and Catherine Burnett from Strathnaver in the Scottish Highlands, with the locality named after the river of the same name. His parents arrived in Canterbury, New Zealand in 1861 and proceeded to the Mackenzie Basin. In May 1864, they selected the Mount Cook Station, so named after the adjacent mountain, and developed it into a sheep station.
Burnett was born on 25 November 1877, according to the contemporary advertisement, at the "residence" of the Burnetts. Later sources record his place of birth as Timaru or Cave (some north-west of Timaru), The Burnetts had eight children and to provide better access to education, they purchased land in Cave in 1873 and built a homestead there. To be even closer to the schools in Timaru, Andrew Burnett had a home built in Timaru's Perth Street in 1876; this house became the South Canterbury Museum after Thomas Burnett's death.
Burnett received his education at Timaru Main Primary and Timaru Boys' High School.
Farming
Upon leaving school, Burnett worked on Mount Cook Station, which he inherited on his father's death in 1927. In late 2015, the property was for the first time put up for sale, after 151 years in family ownership.
Political career
Burnett was for some years a member of the Mackenzie County Council. In the , he challenged Charles Talbot of the Liberal Party, the incumbent in the electorate. Burnett was successful, with a narrow majority of 31 votes, a 0.47% margin.
He represented the rural Temuka electorate until his death in 1941.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.
Community involvement
TD was an advocate of extensive tree planting on a bare landscape and there is an unusual and well-known inscription to that effect on the Burkes Pass monument. In about 1918, Burnett had the memorial built with the wording “Ye who enter the portals of the Mackenzie to found homes, take the word of a child of the misty gorges and plant forest trees for your lives, so shall your mountain facings and river flats be preserved for your children’s children and for evermore – 1917.” A century later the creep of wilding pines from Mount Cook Station into the surrounding country would have brought no joy to him. He paid for another memorial at the Mackenzie Pass to commemorate outlaw James Mackenzie who drove a mob of stolen sheep through the pass and thereby became the first European to explore what became the Mackenzie Country. He had St. David's Memorial Church built in Cave.
As the instigator of the Downlands Water Supply he won wide praise for a scheme that provided a reliable water supply to the hill country west of Timaru, known as Downlands. The £200,000 project, built between 1938 and 1940, takes water from the Tengawai River and disperses it through 1,400 kilometres of pipes.
The Burnett's Cave property, Aorangi, is opposite the St David's Church. The grand gates were built during the 1933 depression by Charlie Groves and illustrate the class structure of the time, with a main gate for the residents and separate side gates, one for English workers, the other for Irish workers. It was perhaps a joke.
A memorial to the work of T.D.Burnett along the road near Cave says”
“Erected by grateful ratepayers to commemorate the work of THOMAS DAVID BURNETT
in fostering the Downlands Water Supply.
Here weary beasts shall drink for many a day,
Here travellers shall rest beside the way,
And think upon the man whose wise forethought
Such lasting work of loving kindness wrought.
As he once stood, his monument shall stand,
A steadfast witness in a changing land."
TD died in 1941 and is buried on a hill slope on Mount Cook Station. The coffin was moved by dray then manhandled to Rock Etam where the gravesite overlooks the majestic Tasman Valley. TD was a big man and the coffin was lead-lined. A cairn marks the spot.
Family and death
His mother died on 9 July 1914 after a short illness. His father died in September 1927. Thomas Burnett died on 30 November 1941, survived by his wife, his son and his daughter.
References
External links
Burnett biography hosted by Rootsweb
New Zealand National Party MPs
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
1877 births
1941 deaths
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
People educated at Timaru Boys' High School
Local political office-holders in New Zealand |
6910159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaraland%20mole-rat | Damaraland mole-rat | The Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis), Damara mole rat or Damaraland blesmol, is a burrowing rodent found in southern Africa. Along with the smaller, less hairy, naked mole rat, it is a species of eusocial mammal.
Description
Like other blesmols, the Damaraland mole-rat has a cylindrical body with short, stout limbs, large feet, and a conical head. It is also similar in size to most other African mole-rats, having a head-body length of , with a short, , tail, and weighing between . There are no external ears, and the blue-coloured eyes are tiny with thick eyelids. The incisor teeth are large and prominent, with flaps of skin behind them to prevent soil from falling into the throat while the animal is using them to dig.
The fur is short and thick, and varies from fawn to almost black, with shades of brown being most common. There is always a white patch on the top of the head, although its exact shape varies, and there may also be additional blotches of white fur elsewhere on the body. Longer sensory hairs project above the fur over much of the body, with the facial whiskers being particularly long. Females have six teats.
Distribution and habitat
Although named specifically for Damaraland, the mole-rats are found across much of southern Africa, including Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. They inhabit warm, semi-arid environments dominated by savannah scrubland or sandy grasslands. They are most commonly associated with red Kalahari psamments, and are found only where there is a sufficient supply of plants with subterranean storage organs.
Biology
Damaraland mole-rats are herbivorous, feeding solely on tubers, corms, and bulbs. Favoured foods include such plants as Acanthosicyos, Star-of-Bethlehem, Ledebouria, and Talinum. Their natural predators include mole snakes, and occasionally other local snakes, such as cobras. They do not drink, obtaining all their water from their food, which is also an important source of minerals. Unlike most other mammals, they can effectively metabolise these minerals without access to vitamin D, which they lack because they are normally never exposed to sunlight. The basal metabolic rate of Damaraland mole rats is also unusually low for mammals of their size, at just 0.66 cm3 O2 / g · h.
Despite living in an entirely subterranean environment, Damaraland mole-rats exhibit circadian rhythms, and are active primarily during the day. Their levels of the hormone melatonin can be altered by artificially changing the length of apparent daylight, suggesting that they are at least able to distinguish light from dark, although their eyesight may otherwise be very poor.
Behaviour
Damaraland mole-rats live in networks of tunnels, which they dig with their front teeth. The tunnels are in diameter, and may stretch for up to . They have no connection to the surface, although their presence can be inferred from dome-shaped molehills of excavated earth pushed up to the surface. As a result, the tunnels develop their own microclimate, containing warm, moist air, with low oxygen levels. Most digging occurs after rainfall, since dry soil is too difficult to excavate. Because they live in arid environments, this means that Damaraland mole-rats can be extremely active over short periods; a typical colony has been estimated to excavate three tons of soil over a two-week period.
The burrow system consists primarily of foraging tunnels, which the rats dig in search of food. While particularly large tubers and bulbs are at least partially eaten where they are found, smaller ones are dragged to food storage chambers beneath the foraging tunnels. The foraging tunnels are typically only beneath the soil surface, but are connected to a smaller number of deep tunnels that lead down to the storage chambers, latrines, and a central nest that may be as much as underground.
Each burrow system is inhabited by a single colony of mole rats, typically with about twelve members, although colonies can range from as little as two to as many as forty members. The colony is eusocial, consisting of a single breeding pair and their non-reproductive offspring. The non-reproductive members of the colony spend their time foraging and maintaining the tunnel system, in particular closing any breaches that may occur. Intruders from other colonies are generally rejected, although DNA paternity studies show that at least some non-reproductive members of a colony may have been fathered by outsiders. The colony has a clearly defined hierarchy, with the breeding male dominant, followed by the breeding female, then non-reproductive males, and finally non-reproductive females.
Colonies fragment if the breeding female dies, with most surviving members dispersing to new locations. Particularly large individuals may also leave the colony to establish a new burrow system. In such cases, dispersal usually only occurs during rainy weather, ensuring that digging will be relatively easy once a suitable location has been found. New colonies are established by unrelated males and females, which become the new breeding pair. Dispersing individuals travel above ground, and are therefore vulnerable to predation from a wide range of animals; some studies have shown that only around 10 percent of dispersing individuals are later found in new colonies. For example, while small groups of siblings may sometimes leave a burrow system at the same time, normally only one survives to found a new colony.
The Damaraland mole-rat is less vocal than the naked mole-rat, making only some birdlike chirps.
Reproduction
As eusocial animals, only the breeding pair within a colony is capable of reproduction. Non-reproductive individuals are not truly sterile, however, and become capable of reproduction if they establish a colony of their own. The reproductive systems of non-reproductive females are underdeveloped, with small, unvascularised uteri and tiny ovaries that contain undeveloped germ cells, but which are incapable of ovulation. Non-reproductive males have smaller testes than their reproductive counterparts and produce little, if any, viable sperm. The non-reproductive status of other adults is maintained by the presence of the breeding female. While her removal causes previously non-reproductive females to become fully fertile, they will only mate with unrelated males, thus avoiding incest within the colony.
The breeding female initiates courtship by calling and drumming with her hind feet. The pair then chase each other in a right circle before mating. Mating occurs frequently over a ten-day period, and gestation lasts 78 to 92 days. Females can produce up to three litters of one to six pups per year. The pups are initially hairless, with closed eyes, and only weigh 8 or 9 grams. They are weaned after 28 days, and reach adult size after around 14 months.
Genetics
The Damaraland mole-rat's karyotype shows 74 or 78 chromosomes (2n). Its fundamental number is 92.
References
Further reading
Mole-Rats, Ants Making Science Headlines, NPR, April 8, 2006
Damaraland mole-rat
Mammals of Southern Africa
Damaraland mole-rat
Taxa named by William Ogilby |
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