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26720642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rkapp | Sørkapp | Sørkapp ("South Cape") is the southernmost point on Sørkappøya, south of Spitsbergen, the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Norway. It was originally named Point Lookout (1612). The cape itself is long. The point is bordered by the Greenland Sea to the west, the Norwegian Sea to the south and the Barents Sea to the east. The point is within the Sørkapp Bird Sanctuary.
The distance to mainland Norway at Ingøy is about 640 km and to Bear Island about 230 km.
References
Peninsulas of Svalbard
Ramsar sites in Norway
Sørkappøya |
20483322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agents%20of%20Anarchy | Agents of Anarchy | Agents Of Anarchy is a compilation album from the Sex Pistols. it was released in August 2008.
Track listing
Disc one
"Submission" – 4:31
"Did You No Wrong" – 3:24
"Whatcha Gonna Do About It" – 4:25
"Feedback" – 1:35
"New York" – 3:56
"Substitute" – 3:22
"Liar" – 3:27
"No Lip" – 3:23
"Anarchy in the U.K." (Dave Goodman's Disco Mix) – 3:51
"The Last Interview" – 23:39
Disc two
"Pretty Vacant" – 3:00
"No Feelings" – 2:53
"I Wanna Be Me" – 3:12
"I'm a Lazy Sod" – 2:09
"Submission" – 4:16
"C'mon Everybody" – 1:56
"Search & Destroy" – 3:05
"Anarchy in the U.K." – 4:09
"Satellite" – 4:07
"No Lip" – 3:18
"God Save the Queen" – 3:42
"My Way" – 2:56
"Bill Grundy Interview" – 1:35
Personnel
Johnny Rotten – lead vocals
Steve Jones – guitar, bass
Paul Cook – drums
Glen Matlock – bass
Sid Vicious – bass, vocals
Sex Pistols compilation albums
2008 compilation albums |
17341781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxay%20district | Sanxay district | Sanxay is a district (muang) of Attapeu province in southern Laos.
References
Districts of Attapeu province |
26720643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentino%20Argento | Valentino Argento | Valentino Argento (1901 – 8 September 1941) was an Italian fencer. He competed in the team foil competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1901 births
1941 deaths
Fencers from Naples
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics |
20483341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Keep%20%28Egan%20novel%29 | The Keep (Egan novel) | The Keep (2006, ) is a novel by American writer Jennifer Egan. It became a National Bestseller, a New York Times and San Francisco Chronicle Notable Book, and a Chicago Tribune, Kansas City Star, and Rocky Mountain News Best Book of the Year. The Keep is a story about two cousins involved in a haunting business venture that evokes a horrifying tale from their past.
Plot
Danny is an aging hipster in New York City who has fallen on hard times. He does not have a real career, and he has a habit of burning bridges with old friends. His cousin Howard presents him with an opportunity to come to Eastern Europe and help convert an old castle into an alternative resort. Danny has a troubled relationship with Howard. Many years before, when they were children, he cruelly left Howard stranded deep in a cave for days, traumatizing him badly, and ruining much of his childhood.
But Danny is desperate for money, so he decides to work for Howard and travels to the castle, severing his relationships with his New York world. He plunges himself into the strange environment of the castle and puts himself at the mercy of the cousin whom he betrayed many years before. It soon becomes clear that this castle is a deeply strange place with a dark history that is not entirely finished. It has secret passages, bizarre inhabitants, and seems to operate by different rules from the outside world. Danny, cut off from his familiar New York world, is unsure whether the castle is haunted or his own perceptions are becoming increasingly distorted. He thinks that his cousin may be out to get him and that the castle may be a giant trap.
When Danny attempts to escape from the castle, he encounters a series of mysterious roadblocks. No matter what he does, fate seems to be directing Danny back to the castle and towards a final confrontation with his cousin Howard. Together, they end up being trapped deep within the bowels of the castle, where they are forced to re-enact the traumas of childhood. Together, they must figure out a way to escape and survive.
Characters
Danny, the protagonist
Howard/Howie, Danny's cousin
Ann, Howard's wife
Benjy, Howard and Ann's son
Mick, Howard's right-hand man
Nora, a student helper
Martha, Danny's ex-girlfriend
Steve, a hired helper and friend
Baroness von Ausblinker, woman refusing to leave the family castle
Ray, the man writing this story from jail
Holly, writing teacher for the inmates
Tom-Tom, Quince, Hamsam, Mel, Cherry, Allan Beard, Sanchez, inmates in the writing class
Davis, Ray's cell mate
Film
An adaptation of the novel is in development at CBS Films. Ehren Kruger wrote the screenplay and will co-produce the film with Daniel Bobker and Matthew Stillman. Niels Arden Oplev has been hired to direct the film.
References
Sources
Hoffert, Barbara. “Prepub Alert.” Review of The Keep, by Jennifer Egan. Library Journal Book Review, April 1, 2006.
2006 American novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
Novels set in Europe |
26720656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo%20Boni | Aldo Boni | Aldo Boni (11 March 1895 – 1982) was an Italian fencer. He competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
1895 births
1982 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics |
20483351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Hanson | Thomas Hanson | Thomas Hanson may refer to:
*Tommy Hanson (1986-2015), Major League Baseball pitcher
Tom Hanson (American football) (1907–1985), American football halfback
Thomas Hawkins Hanson (1750–1812), American military general
Thomas S. Hanson (born 1939), American politician
Thomas Grafton Hanson (1865–1945), United States Army officer
Tom Hanson (actor), actor and director
Tom Hanson (Australian footballer) (1891–1986), Australian rules footballer
Tom Hanson (photojournalist) (1967–2009), Canadian photojournalist
Tom Hanson, character in 21 Jump Street
See also
Thomas Hansen (disambiguation) |
17341786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afton%2C%20Virginia | Afton, Virginia | Afton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Albemarle and Nelson counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is newly listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 313.
Geography
It is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains about west of Charlottesville.
Economy
Afton is home to Hazy Mountain Vineyards & Brewery, Silverback Distillery, Veritas Vineyard and Winery, the Blue Mountain Brewery and Cardinal Point Vineyard & Winery.
Notable residents
Paul F. Gorman, former Commander in Chief of the United States Southern Command
Rita Mae Brown, novelist, poet, screenwriter, activist
June Curry, benefactor to bicyclists on the Transamerica Trail
Mary Chapin Carpenter, songwriter, musician
See also
Rockfish Gap
References
Unincorporated communities in Albemarle County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Nelson County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia |
26720666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey%20Bazarov | Aleksey Bazarov | Aleksey Bazarov (, ) born 14 October 1963) is a retired USSR-born Israeli athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles.
He became Soviet champion in 1990, and represented the Soviet Union in hurdles and relay (where the team finished eighth) at the 1990 European Championships. He won his first Israeli championship in 1992, and would win four national titles in total; one of them in the 400 metres. He also competed at the 1992 Olympic Games, the 1993 World Championships and the 1994 European Championships without reaching the final.
His personal best time was 49.33 seconds, achieved in June 1988 in Leningrad.
See also
List of Israeli records in athletics
List of Maccabiah records in athletics
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Soviet male hurdlers
Israeli male hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Israel
Soviet emigrants to Israel
World Athletics Championships athletes for Israel |
17341789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refusenik%20%28film%29 | Refusenik (film) | Refusenik is a 2007 documentary film by Laura Bialis that chronicles the struggle of Jews to emigrate from the Soviet Union in the 1960s and 1970s. A former refusenik, Natan Sharansky, appears in the film.
Critical reception
The Village Voice calls it an "absorbing portrait of the refusenik movement." The New York Sun says that it is "a thorough and engaging nonfiction account of the plight of Soviet Jews systematically oppressed under communism as they had been under the tsars, and denied the right to emigrate to Israel once the Jewish state was formed in 1948."
References
External links
2007 films
American documentary films
American films
English-language films
Documentary films about politics
Documentary films about Jews and Judaism
Documentary films about human rights
Documentary films about the Soviet Union
Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
Documentary films about immigration |
20483364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalis%20Tzorbatzakis | Michalis Tzorbatzakis | Michalis Tzorbatzakis (born 2 July 1982) is a Greek footballer.
Tzormbatzakis began his professional football career by signing with Ergotelis F.C. in July 2002.
References
https://archive.today/20130217152649/http://www.onsports.gr/onstats/soccer/player/773-Tzormpatzakis-Mihalis
1982 births
Living people
Greek footballers
Ergotelis F.C. players
Kallithea F.C. players
Levadiakos F.C. players
Association football defenders |
26720672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante%20Carniel | Dante Carniel | Dante Carniel (1890–1958) was an Italian fencer. He competed in the team foil competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1890 births
1958 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics |
26720700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasiya%20Svechnikova | Anastasiya Svechnikova | Anastasiya Svechnikova (born 20 September 1992) is an Uzbekistani javelin thrower. Her personal best throw is 61.17 metres, achieved in April 2012 in Tashkent.
Biography
She competed at the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final. At 15 years and 334 days she was the youngest track and field athlete competing at the 2008 Olympics.
Born in Tashkent, she finished twelfth at the 2007 World Youth Championships, ninth at the 2008 World Junior Championships and won the gold medal at the 2009 World Youth Championships. She won the gold medal at the 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships, beating Sui Liping to the title.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tashkent
Uzbekistani female javelin throwers
Olympic athletes of Uzbekistan
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Uzbekistan |
23579933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin%20B1 | Aflatoxin B1 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Aflatoxin B1}}
Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats. This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others. Aflatoxin B1 is a common contaminant in a variety of foods including peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains; as well as animal feeds. Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic, teratogenic, and to cause immunosuppression. Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1–20 μg/kg in food, and 5–50 μg/kg in dietary cattle feed in 2003.
Sources of exposure
Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination is common in many staple foods, its production is maximized in foods stored in hot, humid climates. Exposure is therefore most common in Southeast Asia, South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Pathology
Aflatoxin B1 can permeate through the skin. Dermal exposure to this aflatoxin in particular environmental conditions can lead to major health risks. The liver is the most susceptible organ to aflatoxin B1 toxicity. In animal studies, pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 intoxication include reduction in weight of liver, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and hepatic carcinoma. Other liver lesions include enlargement of hepatic cells, fatty infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrosis, regeneration of nodules, and bile duct proliferation/hyperplasia.
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus is a fungus of the family Trichocomaceae with a worldwide distribution. The mold lives in soil, surviving off dead plant and animal matter, but spreads through the air via airborne conidia. This fungus grows in long branched hyphae and is capable of surviving on numerous food sources including corn and peanuts. The fungus and its products are pathogenic to a number of species, including humans. While toxicity of its products, aflatoxins, are explored throughout this article, Aspergillus flavus itself also exerts pathogenic effects through aspergillosis, or infection with the mold. This infection largely occurs in the lungs of immune compromised patients but infection may also occur in the skin or other organs. Unlike many mold species, Aspergillus flavus prefers hot and dry conditions. Its optimal growth at contributes to its pathogenicity in humans.
Biosynthetic pathway
Aflatoxin B1 is derived from both a dedicated fatty acid synthase (FAS) and a polyketide synthase (PKS), together known as norsolorinic acid synthase. The biosynthesis begins with the synthesis of hexanoate by the FAS, which then becomes the starter unit for the iterative type I PKS. The PKS adds seven malonyl-CoA extenders to the hexanoate to form the C20 polyketide compound. The PKS folds the polyketide in a particular way to induce cyclization to form the anthraquinone norsolorinic acid. A reductase then catalyzes the reduction of the ketone on the norsolorinic acid side-chain to yield averantin. Averantin is converted to averufin via a two different enzymes, a hydroxylase and an alcohol dehydrogenase. This will oxygenate and cyclize averantin's side chain to form the ketal in averufin.
From this point on the biosynthetic pathway of aflatoxin B1 becomes much more complicated, with several major skeletal changes. Most of the enzymes have not been characterized and there may be several more intermediates that are still unknown. However, what is known is that averufin is oxidized by a P450-oxidase, AvfA, in a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. This opens the ether rings and upon rearrangement versiconal acetate is formed. Now an esterase, EstA, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the acetyl, forming the primary alcohol in versiconal. The acetal in versicolorin A is formed from the cyclization of the side-chain in versiconal, which is catalyzed by VERB synthase, and then VerB, a desaturase, reduces versicolorin B to form the dihydrobisfuran.
There are two more enzymes that catalyze the conversion of versicolorin A to demethylsterigmatocystin: AflN, an oxidase and AflM, a reductase. These enzymes use both molecular oxygen and two NADPH's to dehydrate one of the hydroxyl groups on the anthraquinone and open the quinine with the molecular oxygen. Upon forming the aldehyde in the ring opening step, it is oxidized to form the carboxylic acid and subsequently a decarboxylation event occurs to close the ring, forming the six-member ether ring system seen in demethylsterigmatocystin. The next two steps in the biosynthetic pathway is the methylation by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) of the two hydroxyl groups on the xanthone part of demethysterigmatocystin by two different methyltransferases, OmtB and OmtA. This yields O-methylsterigmatocystin. In the final steps there is an oxidative cleavage of the aromatic ring and loss of one carbon in O-methylsterigmatocystin, which is catalyzed by OrdA, an oxidoreductase. Then a final recyclization occurs to form aflatoxin B1.
Mechanism of carcinogenicity
Aflatoxin B1 is a potent genotoxic hepatocarcinogen with its exposure strongly linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver tumors, especially given co-infection with hepatitis B virus. These effects seem to be largely mediated by mutations at guanine in codon 249 of the p53 gene, a tumor suppressing gene, and at several guanine residues in the 12th and 13th codons of the ras gene, a gene whose product controls cellular proliferation signals. Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electrophilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. This active form then intercalates between DNA base residues and forms adducts with guanine residues, most commonly aflatoxin B1-N7-Gua. These adducts may then rearrange or become removed from the backbone all-together, forming an apurinic site. These adducts and alterations represent lesions which, upon DNA replication cause the insertion of a mis-matched base in the opposing strand. Up to 44% of hepatocellular carcinomas in regions with high aflatoxin exposure bear a GC → TA transversion at codon 249 of p53, a characteristic mutation seen with this toxin.
Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals exposed to aflatoxin, increases with co-infection of hepatitis B virus. One study estimated that while individuals with urinary aflatoxin bio-markers were at a threefold greater risk than the normal population for hepatocellular carcinoma; those infected with hepatitis B virus were at a fourfold risk; and those with the aflatoxin bio-markers and infected with hepatitis B virus were at a 60 times greater risk for hepatocellular carcinoma than the normal population.
Toxicity
Several aflatoxin B1 toxicity studies have been conducted on various animal species.
Acute toxicity
The oral LD50 range of aflatoxin B1 is estimated to be 0.3–17.9 mg/kg body weight for most animal species. For instance, the oral LD50 of aflatoxin B1 is estimated to be 17.9 mg/kg body weight in female rats and 7.2 mg/kg body weight in male rats. Still in male rats, the intraperitoneal LD50 of aflatoxin B1 is estimated to be 6.0 mg/kg body weight. Symptoms include anorexia, malaise, and low-grade fever.
Subacute toxicity
Subacute toxicity studies of aflatoxin B1 in animals showed moderate to severe liver damage. In monkeys for instance, subacute toxicity studies showed portal inflammation and fatty change.
Chronic toxicity
Chronic toxicity studies of aflatoxin B1 in chicken showed decreased hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration, reduction in feed consumption and decreased weight gain.
Subchronic toxicity
Subchronic toxicity studies of aflatoxin B1 in fish showed fish to present with preneoplastic lesions, concurrently with changes in gill, pancreas, intestine and spleen.
Genotoxicity
Treatment of human liver cells with aflatoxin B1 at doses that ranged from 3–5 μmol/l resulted in the formation of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts, 8-hydroxyguanine lesions and DNA damage.
Carcinogenicity
The carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1, which is characterized by the development of liver cell carcinoma, has been reported in rat studies.
Embryotoxicity
Embryonic death and impaired embryonic development of the bursa of Fabricius in chicken by aflatoxin B1 has been reported.
Teratogenicity
The teratogenic effects of aflatoxin B1 in rabbits have been reported to include reduced fetal weights, wrist drop, enlarged eye socket, agenesis of caudal vertebrae, micropthalmia, cardiac defects, and lenticular degeneration, among others.
Immunotoxicity
Studies in fish showed aflatoxin B1 to have significant immunosuppressive effects including reduced serum total globulin and reduced bactericidal activities.
Risk management and regulations
Aflatoxin B1 exposure is best managed by measures aimed at preventing contamination of crops in the field, post-harvest handling, and storage, or via measures aimed at detecting and decontaminating contaminated commodities or materials used in animal feed. For instance, biological decontamination involving the use of a single bacterial species, Flavobacterium aurantiacum has been used to remove aflatoxin B1 from peanuts and corn.
Several countries around the world have rules and regulations governing aflatoxin B1 in foods and these include the maximum permitted, or recommended levels of aflatoxin B1 for certain foods.
United States (US)
US food safety regulations have set a maximum permitted level of 20 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1, in combination with the other aflatoxins (B2, G1 and G2) in all foods, with the exception of milk which has a maximum permitted level of 0.5 μg/kg. Higher levels of 100–300 μg/kg are tolerable for some animal feeds.
European Union (EU)
The EU has set maximum permitted levels for aflatoxin B1 in nuts, dried fruits, cereals and spices to range from 2–12 μg/kg, while the maximum permitted level for aflatoxin B1 in infant foods is set at 0.1 μg/kg. The maximum permitted levels for aflatoxin B1 in animal feeds set by the EU range from 5–50 μg/kg and these levels are much lower than those set in the US.
Joint United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
The FAO/WHO JECFA has set the maximum permitted levels of aflatoxin B1 in combination with the other aflatoxins (B2, G1 and G2) to be 15 μg/kg in raw peanuts and 10 μg/kg in processeds peanut; while the tolerance level of aflatoxin B1 alone is 5 μg/kg for dairy cattle feed.
Notable exposures
The discovery of aflatoxin B1 came on the heels of the widespread death of turkeys in England in the summer of 1960 to some unknown disease, at the time labeled "Disease X". Over the course of 500 outbreaks, the disease claimed over 100,000 turkeys which appeared to be healthy. The widespread death was later found to be caused by Aspergillus flavus contamination of peanut meal.
Twelve patients died of acute aflatoxin poisoning in several hospitals in the Machakos district of Kenya in 1981 following the consumption of contaminated maize. All patients also suffered from hepatitis.
Following outbreaks of aflatoxin contamination in maize reaching 4,400 ppb in the spring of 2004, 125 individuals in Kenya died of acute hepatic failure while some 317 cases in total were reported. To date this was the largest known outbreak of aflatoxosis in terms of fatalities documented.
References
External links
Aflatoxin B1
Aflatoxins
Mutagens
Male reproductive toxins
Teratogens
Fetotoxins
Spermatotoxins
Polyketides
Cyclopentenes |
26720708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio%20Chiavacci | Giorgio Chiavacci | Giorgio Chiavacci (3 July 1899 – 4 March 1969) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold medal in the team foil competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1899 births
1969 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in fencing
People from Cecina, Tuscany
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from the Province of Livorno |
20483371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Palaiologina%20Kantakouzene | Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene | Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene (, ; died after 1294) was an Empress consort of Bulgaria by marriage to two Bulgarian emperors, Constantine Tikh and Ivaylo. She was a niece of Michael VIII Palaiologos.
She is referred to as the most powerful empress of Bulgaria. She ruled as regent from 1271 to 1279 on behalf of her minor son Michael Asen II, who was made co-regent of her first spouse, and remained co-regent during the reign of her second spouse.
Family
Maria was the second daughter of John Kantakouzenos and Irene Komnene Palaiologina, sister of Michael VIII Palaiologos.
According to George Pachymeres, Maria was unusually perfidious and sly and she had a strong influence over the people and the clergy. He would have it that Maria supported her uncle's military coup d'etat and she prompted him to blind the legitimate emperor John IV Laskaris, who was brother of Bulgarian empress Irene, second wife of tsar Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria.
Empress consort of Bulgaria
Wife of Constantine Tikh
The deposition and blinding of the minor Nicaean emperor John IV Laskaris by Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261 pitted Constantine Tikh, as the brother-in-law of the deposed emperor, against Michael VIII.
After the death of tsarina Irene Laskarina in 1268 Constantine Tikh sought a reconciliation with Michael VIII by proposing to marry a Byzantine princess related to Palaiologos, and Michael VIII offered his niece Maria. Maria had one previous marriage, to Alexios Philes, and Constantine Tikh had two. As a condition for the marriage alliance, the Black Sea ports of Mesembria and Anchialos were to be handed over as her dowry.
Maria and Constantine Tikh married in 1269. However, quarrels over the surrender of Maria's promised dowry soured the improved relationship. Maria realized that the behaviour of her uncle would undermine her position in the Bulgarian court, so she openly put up her husband to attack Michael VIII. The Bulgarian government entered into an alliance with King Charles I of Sicily who was planning a campaign against Michael VIII with the object of restoring the Latin Empire. Michael VIII responded by marrying his illegitimate daughter Euphrosyne Palaiologina to Nogai Khan of the Golden Horde, who, as a Byzantine ally, pillaged Bulgaria in 1274.
Regent
In the last years of his reign, Constantine Tikh was partly paralyzed from a fall off his horse, and suffered from unspecified ailments. The government was firmly in the hands of Maria Kantakouzene, who crowned their son Michael Asen II co-emperor soon after his birth, in about 1272. As such, she acted in his behalf as regent. Maria presided over relations with the Byzantine Empire in the 1270s, and engineered first the submission and then the murder (by poison) of the despotēs Yakov Svetoslav of Vidin, a strong pretender for the Bulgarian crown, in 1275. The tsarina invited Yakov Svetoslav to Tarnovo, promising to adopt him and to allow him to participate in the governing of the country. In 1275 Yakov Svetoslav arrived at Tarnovo and he indeed proclaimed as the second son of Maria in an official ceremony, officiated by patriarch Ignatiy of Bulgaria. Yakov died soon after his return to Vidin. George Pachymeres accused Maria for his death.
Due to the expensive and unsuccessful wars, repeated Mongol raids, and economic instability, Maria's government was faced with a revolt in 1277; the Uprising of Ivaylo. What is clear is that a swineherd or swine-owner named Ivaylo became a leader of the discontented and attracted many (presumably mostly lower-class) followers, asserting his control over a significant area. Tsar Constantine set out against Ivaylo with his guard, but was decisively defeated and slain in his chariot in 1277. Ivaylo himself is credited with the killing. Although he was able to extend his authority across much of the country, he also met with resistance, and the capital Tarnovo remained under the control of the legitimate emperor Michael Asen II and his mother Maria Kantakouzene.
Wife of Ivaylo
Ivaylo's successes troubled the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, who married his eldest daughter Irene to Ivan Asen III, a descendant of Bulgaria's ruling dynasty living at the Byzantine court, and dispatched troops to place him on the throne. This caused an alliance between Ivaylo and Maria Kantakouzena, and the widowed empress married Ivaylo, who was recognized as Bulgarian emperor in 1278, without deposing or disinheriting the minor Michael Asen II. Maria's decision was defined by Byzantines as "indecent" and "impure", because she, a descendant of the noble Palaiologos and Kantakouzenos families, had married a swineherd, who had moreover killed her husband. In this connection Michael VIII declared openly that Maria "had brought disgrace on her family" and she "had destroyed her kingdom".
The marriage of Ivaylo and Maria was unhappy. Pachymeres says that Ivaylo hated her endearments and he even had beaten Maria. Although Ivaylo proved to be an abusive husband, he led a successful defense of the Balkan passes against the Byzantine campaigns to establish Ivan Asen III on the Bulgarian throne. Ivaylo had also met with success against casual Mongol raids, but in 1279 a major Mongol army blockaded him in the fortress of Dorostolon (Silistra) on the Danube for three months. A rumor of Ivaylo's death caused panic in Tarnovo, where the nobility surrendered to a new Byzantine army and accepted Ivan Asen III as emperor. Ivan Asen III was enthroned, while Michael Asen II and Maria Kantakouzena, who was pregnant by Ivaylo, were sent into exile to Constantinople.
Maria Kantakouzene and Ivaylo had an unnamed daughter.
Ancestors
Notes
Sources
Vasil Zlatarski, "История на българската държава през средните векове. Том III. Второ българско царство. България при Асеневци (1187—1280)" издателство "Наука и изкуство", София 1972 г.
Yordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, "Кой кой е в средновековна България", издателство "Петър Берон", 1999 г.
13th-century Byzantine women
13th-century Bulgarian women
Remarried royal consorts
Bulgarian consorts
Greek women of the Byzantine Empire
Kantakouzenos family
Palaiologos dynasty
13th-century women rulers |
20483423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam%20Noord%20railway%20station | Rotterdam Noord railway station | Rotterdam Noord is a railway station in the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, located on the Utrecht–Rotterdam railway. It sits at the border between the two Rotterdam boroughs Noord and Hillegersberg-Schiebroek.
History
In 1899, the railway station Hillegersberg was opened on the new connecting line (Ceintuurbaan) between the railway from Rotterdam Delftsche Poort to Leiden, and the railway from Rotterdam Maasstation to Utrecht. In 1953 the railway from Rotterdam to Utrecht was rerouted to the new Rotterdam Centraal railway station through Hillegersberg. A new station building was constructed, and the station was renamed Rotterdam Noord. Rotterdam Noord is designed by architect Sybold van Ravesteyn who has also designed the stations Rotterdam Centraal, Eindhoven, and many other railway stations and buildings in the Netherlands. The station was opened on 4 October 1953.
The building
The platform that leads to Utrecht is connected to a building, where there used to be an NS office that sold tickets. When this office disappeared and the tickets could only be bought at a ticket machine, the building was closed down. Since a few years back the building is used for an art-exposition.
Train services
Rotterdam Noord is a station for local trains (Stoptrein and Sprinter in Dutch).
The following services currently call at Rotterdam Noord.
2x per hour local service (sprinter) Uitgeest - Amsterdam - Woerden - Rotterdam
2x per hour local service (sprinter) Rotterdam - Gouda Goverwelle (Peak hours only)
Tram and bus services
Rotterdam Noord is a stop for the following Rotterdam tram and bus lines on the RET network.
At Night, Rotterdam Noord is connected by the Bob bus, operated by RET. Bob is a drink or drive campaign.
References
External links
NS website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner
Noord
Railway stations opened in 1953 |
17341805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20British%20bantamweight%20boxing%20champions | List of British bantamweight boxing champions | The following is a table showing the boxers who have won the British bantamweight title. The title has been sanctioned by the National Sporting Club since 1909, and later by its replacement British Boxing Board of Control (BBBoC) since 1929.
A champion will often voluntarily relinquish the title in order to fight for a higher-ranked championship, such as the world or European. Where the date on which a champion relinquished the title is unclear, the date of the last BBBoC sanctioned fight is shown.
r–Champion relinquished title.
s–Champion stripped of title.
See also
List of British heavyweight boxing champions
List of British cruiserweight boxing champions
List of British light-heavyweight boxing champions
List of British super-middleweight boxing champions
List of British middleweight boxing champions
List of British light-middleweight boxing champions
List of British welterweight boxing champions
List of British light-welterweight boxing champions
List of British lightweight boxing champions
List of British super-featherweight boxing champions
List of British featherweight boxing champions
List of British super-bantamweight boxing champions
List of British super-flyweight boxing champions
List of British flyweight boxing champions
List of British world boxing champions
References
Sources
boxrec
Maurice Golesworthy, Encyclopaedia of Boxing (Eighth Edition) (1988), Robert Hale Limited,
Bantam |
17341814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saysetha%20district | Saysetha district | Saysetha (or Xaysetha District) is a district (muang) of Attapu province in southern Laos.
Settlements
Xaysetha
References
Districts of Attapeu province |
17341828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Rogers%20House%20%28Newport%2C%20Rhode%20Island%29 | Joseph Rogers House (Newport, Rhode Island) | The Joseph Rogers House (also known as "Robert Rogers House") is an historic house at 37 Touro Street, facing Washington Square in Newport, Rhode Island. It is a three-story wood-frame structure with a hip roof. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entry framed by pilasters and topped by a fanlight. The house was built c. 1790 by Joseph Rogers, a merchant. It remained in private hands until the 1890s, when it was adapted for use first as a convent, and then as a parochial school, by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence. It was given to the Preservation Society of Newport County in 1961, and Dr. and Mrs. David Van Pelt restored the building for the Society, which used it as its headquarters. The Society moved its headquarters to 424 Bellevue Avenue in 1992.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Houses completed in 1790
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island |
17341832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Consultants | Stanley Consultants | Stanley Consultants, Inc. is an American-based international engineering, construction, and environmental engineering services company with its headquarters in Muscatine, Iowa. Stanley Consultants also has offices in 30 locations in the U.S. and other countries. The company has undertaken projects in over 103 countries. Engineering News-Record (ENR) magazine ranks it 72 among the nation’s top 500 design firms.
Stanley Consultants began as a small engineering firm in Muscatine, Iowa, founded by Charles Young in 1913 called Central States Engineering. In 1932, C. Maxwell "Max" Stanley joined the
firm as a minority partner and the firm was renamed "Young and Stanley Inc.". As a result, its business and geographical reach grew. The 1930s brought an expansion of public works projects in the United States under the federal Public Works Administration. Stanley Consultants obtained many government contracts dealing with rural electrification, state roads and highways, and water supply and sanitation systems. When Mr. Young retired in 1939 the firm again changed names to The Stanley Engineering Company. As to better reflect the company's scope and nature of the services provided, the name was changed to Stanley Consultants in 1966.
In 1957, Stanley Consultants began its international operations, opening an office in Monrovia, Liberia. In the 1960s, Stanley Consultants expanded its services to meet client needs which exceeded pure engineering. The company developed a multi-disciplinary consulting services practice to later include professional architects, economists, construction managers, and planners - among others. The company continues to expand its business, and recently entered into the environmental engineering and design-build fields.
References
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in Iowa |
23579937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20MercedesCup%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 2009 MercedesCup – Singles | Juan Martín del Potro was the defending champion, but chose not to participate that year.
Jérémy Chardy won in the final 1–6, 6–3, 6–4 against Victor Hănescu.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
Main draw
Qualifying draw
Stuttgart Open Singles
Singles 2009 |
17341873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meung%20district | Meung district | Meung is a district (muang) of Bokeo province in northwestern Laos.
References
Districts of Bokeo province |
23579944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20Crusher | Head Crusher | "Head Crusher" is a song by American heavy metal band Megadeth. It was released on July 7, 2009, as the first single from their studio album Endgame. According to Roadrunner Records official website, a download of "Head Crusher" was available for 24 hours on July 7 (the availability of download ended the morning of July 8). The track was previously available for listening by calling Dave Mustaine's number, through the TheLiveLine.com, a service he launched that enables musicians to connect to their audience over the phone. The song was played live for the first time at the "Canadian Carnage Tour" on June 24, 2009. On December 3, 2009, it was announced on the official Megadeth homepage that "Head Crusher" had been nominated for "Best Metal Performance" for the 52nd annual Grammy Awards, the band's first nomination in 13 years, since "Trust".
Song meaning
This song is about the medieval torture device of the same name. Its lyrics portray a person who is taken underground where he is interrogated using a head crusher device to torture the answers out of him. It explains the effects it would have on one's body.
Music video
Two different versions of the music video were released in September, 2009: extreme and censored. Both were directed by Patrick Kendall.
To create the video, director Patrick Kendall created a scenario that blended elements of the 1987 film The Running Man with 2000's Gladiator to concoct a violent scenario to match the energy of the high-impact song. The synopsis is simple but effective: Mustaine is playing emcee (like Richard Dawson in The Running Man) on a show where hooded criminals in jumpsuits are brought into a ring, unhooded and exposed to a mixed martial arts battle to the death while the band plays on a raised platform.
"I was listening to the song, and I heard the line about 'prisoners,' and I thought about The Running Man," Kendall told Noisecreep. "So I went back and watched that and Gladiator again, and then I wrote the treatment, which added in some MMA fighting."
The "Head Crusher" video featured MMA Brazilian jiu-jitsu fighter Jorg Oliveira, as well as other lesser-known grapplers. "All of these guys were either real fighters or they were people who trained and did this for a hobby," Kendall said. "The stunt coordinator wanted to make sure everybody had some skill in fighting to make it look as real as possible."
The video also starred actor Chad Bannon, who played Killer Karl in Rob Zombie's 2003 film House of 1000 Corpses, and appeared in 2001's Planet of the Apes. "I think he wanted to get out of acting and concentrate on fighting," Kendall said. "He's had a couple of mixed martial arts events and in one of his bouts he knocked a guy out in 20 seconds."
In the video, Bannon fought with a convict who is later unhooded and turns out to be female fighter Michelle Waterson. She then defeated Bannon and earned her release.
"She's one of the few female true mixed martial arts fighters that's also beautiful," Kendall said. "She actually does bikini modeling, and the idea was to have a really hot girl who really knew how to fight. Before we got her to come onboard, we were looking at all kinds of girls in L.A., but they were no Michelle Waterson. We flew her up the day before the shoot. She's actually a pretty good fighter and a lot of her fights end up in either TKOs or submissions. It's funny because Michelle actually clocked Chad a couple times during the shoot. Those were real kicks and he came out of there bruised."
The cast and band shot the video with Kendall on July 28 at a studio in Northern Los Angeles. While the shoot was exciting and filled with laughs, at times it was also grueling. Aside from all the rigorous fighting, the platform that Megadeth performed on ascended 20 feet in the air while the band played, and the musicians were tied down so they wouldn't fall off during scenes that were shot repeatedly throughout the day.
"They were up in the rafters where all the heat was, so they were all sweating," Kendall said. "It was probably a very unusual situation to perform in and be on camera, but Dave Mustaine was just great. Every time I'd ask him to do another take he was like, 'Sure, definitely.'"
In addition to being a team player, Mustaine was also a creative force for the video. He offered suggestions to Kendall, including having the state-appointed character look at Waterson with double vision as he's getting his head crushed. And, because of his background in Taekwondo, he corrected the director when there were technical problems with a fight scene.
"He actually called me out at one point," Kendall says. "Waterson did a 360 kick, and I cut to a close-up and it was a sidekick, not a 360. And Dave pointed that out and made me change the shot. He actually knew the kicks and everything, which was really helpful."
Personnel
Megadeth
Dave Mustaine – guitars, vocals
Chris Broderick – guitars
James LoMenzo – bass
Shawn Drover – drums
Production
Produced by Andy Sneap and Dave Mustaine
Engineered, mixed, and mastered by Andy Sneap
Additional recording by Dave Mustaine
References
External links
Megadeth's Official Site
Megadeth songs
2009 singles
Songs written by Dave Mustaine
Songs written by Shawn Drover
2009 songs
Roadrunner Records singles |
17341874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Ureta%20S%C3%A1enz%20Pe%C3%B1a | Luis Ureta Sáenz Peña | Luis María Ureta Sáenz Peña (born 30 May 1944) is an Argentine businessman and diplomat. He was the Argentine Ambassador to France since 2007, and formerly headed the operations of Peugeot-Citroën in Argentina.
The great grandson of former President Luis Sáenz Peña and the great nephew of President Roque Sáenz Peña, Ureta attended secondary school in France and studied law and political science.
Ureta was named chairman of Peugeot-Citroën in Argentina, and chairman of the Association of Car Manufacturers of Argentina (ADEFA). During the Argentine economic crisis in 2002, he convinced his parent company to invest 50 million Euros in their El Palomar plant to manufacture the Peugeot 307.
Ureta replaced Eric Calcagno as Ambassador to France in December 2007; Calcagno returned to Argentina to succeed President-elect Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in the Argentine Senate. Governor Felipe Solá reportedly turned down the role before it was offered to Ureta Sáenz Peña. Ureta had himself been offered a role in the government as Industry Secretary which he turned down. The decision to appoint him was confirmed in February 2008.
Ureta Sáenz Peña has received the honours of Chevalier and Officier of the Légion d'honneur and Chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite. He resigned his post as Ambassador to France in December 2010, citing personal obligations.
References
1944 births
Living people
Argentine people of Spanish descent
Argentine diplomats
Argentine businesspeople
Peugeot people
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Ambassadors of Argentina to France |
17341876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Zile | Van Zile | Van Zile is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Edward Sims Van Zile (1863–1931), American writer
Philip T. Van Zile (1843–1919), American politician and judge from Michigan
See also
Van Zile House, 1736 house in Midland Park, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States
Surnames of Dutch origin |
6909935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight%20Belles%20Stakes | Eight Belles Stakes | The Eight Belles Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old filly sprinters run at a distance of 7 furlongs at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky each year on Kentucky Oaks Day.
History
The inaugural running of the event was on the opening day of the 1956 Spring meeting at Churchill Downs on Saturday, 27 April 1956 as the seventh and main feature race on the nine race program named the Oaks Prep over a distance of six furlongs. The event attracted the 1955 US Champion Two-Year-Old Filly Doubledogdare and Calumet Farm's fine filly Princess Turia. The event was scheduled as a preparatory event for the much longer Kentucky Oaks which was scheduled on the following Friday. Doubledogdare started as the 2/5 odds-on favorite and held off Princess Turia to win by half a length in a time of 1:11. However, six days later Princess Turia turned the tables and defeated her rival in the Kentucky Oaks by a neck.
In 1961 the distance of the event was increased to seven furlongs.
The 1962 winner Cicada started 3/10 odds-on and easily won the event by four lengths under the reins of US Hall of Fame jockey William L. Shoemaker. Cicada then proceeded to win the Kentucky Oaks enroute to being crowned US Champion Three-Year-Old Filly.
In 1967 the event was renamed to the La Troienne Stakes for one of the greatest broodmares in the United States throughout the twentieth century, La Troienne. The 1967 winner Fure Sail would go on to being crowned US Champion Three-Year-Old Filly as would the 1968 winner Dark Mirage and 1972 winner Susan's Girl. The 1972 Canadian Horse of the Year La Prevoyante would win the event in 1973.
In 1982 the event was run in split divisions. This was only time that the event was run in split divisions.
The event was classified as Grade III in 1998.
Between 2004 and 2010 the event was run over a lightly longer distance of seven and one-half furlongs.
Churchill Downs announced that beginning in 2009 this race would be called the Eight Belles Stakes in honor of the deceased filly, Eight Belles, who finished second in the 2008 Kentucky Derby. In 2010, the Louisville Distaff Stakes was renamed the La Troienne Stakes.
Since 2011 the event has been scheduled on the same card as the Kentucky Oaks.
The American Graded Stakes Committee upgraded the race to its current Grade II status in 2016.
Records
Speed record:
7 furlongs: 1:21.29 - Contested (2012)
furlongs: 1:28.18 - Joint Effort (2006)
Margins
lengths - Roxelana (2000)
Most wins by a jockey:
9 - Pat Day (1981, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2001)
Most wins by a trainer:
3 - Stanley H. Rieser (1964, 1966, 1969)
3 - Woodford C. Stephens (1970, 1978, 1981)
3 - Steve Asmussen (2002, 2009, 2018)
3 - William I. Mott (1993, 2016, 2021)
3 - Brad H. Cox (2017, 2019, 2022)
Most wins by an owner:
3 - Heiligbrodt Racing Stable (2002, 2009, 2018)
Winners
Notes:
§ Ran as an entry
† In the 1974 running Clemenna was first past the post but came out in the straight causing interference to the second place finisher Shantung Silk and was disqualified and placed second. Shantung Silk was declared the winner.
See also
List of American and Canadian Graded races
External site
Churchill Downs Media Guide - $250,000 Eight Belles
References
1956 establishments in Kentucky
Churchill Downs horse races
Flat horse races for three-year-old fillies
Graded stakes races in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 1956
Grade 2 stakes races in the United States
Horse races in Kentucky |
17341887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak%20Tha%20district | Pak Tha district | Pak Tha is a district (muang) of Bokeo province in northwestern Laos.
References
Districts of Bokeo province |
17341891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zile%20%28disambiguation%29 | Zile (disambiguation) | Zile is a city and a district of Tokat Province.
Zile may also refer to:
GNU Zile, a computer text editor
Zile Ram Chochra, Indian politician
Zile Huma (1945–2014), Pakistani pop singer
See also
Van Zile, a surname (including a list of people with the name) |
17341892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Center%20for%20Peace%20and%20Security | Stanley Center for Peace and Security | The Stanley Center for Peace and Security (formerly The Stanley Foundation) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, private operating foundation seeking to address "global challenges that present a profound threat to human survival and well-being," namely mitigating climate change, avoiding the use of nuclear weapons, and preventing mass violence and atrocities. The center's mission is to "catalyze just and sustainable solutions to critical issues of peace and security by driving policy progress, advancing effective global governance, and advocating for collective action." The organization was founded in 1956 by C. Maxwell and Elizabeth M. Stanley and is headquartered in Muscatine, IA.
The foundation is within the Partner Circle of the Foundations Platform F20, an international network of foundations and other philanthropic organizations.
Description
Originally established as a conduit for charitable giving, the center became more mission-focused and dedicated to research, education in international relations, and promotion of multilateral policy solutions through the United Nations. Following Max Stanley's death in 1984, Richard H. Stanley became chair of the center, a position he held until shortly before his death in 2017. From 2007 to January 2013, Vladimir P. Sambaiew served as the foundation's president, capping a distinguished 30-year career as a Foreign Service Officer in the US Department of State. After his retirement he was replaced on January 11, 2013 by Keith Porter, who had been with the Stanley Foundation for 24 years prior to his election. Brian Hanson, a great-nephew of Max and Elizabeth Stanley, now serves as chair.
In addition to a diverse series of cross-sector policy dialogues, commissioned analyses, and programs for journalists, the Stanley Center has historically been recognized for its media. From 1974 to 2004, the center published the influential international news magazine World Press Review. Common Ground, an award-winning weekly radio program on world affairs, ran from 1980 to 2004. The center publishes the tri-annual magazine Courier.
References
External links
Organizations established in 1956
Political and economic research foundations in the United States
Charities based in Iowa
Global policy organizations |
6909941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%20Prachan%20district | Si Prachan district | Si Prachan (, ) is a district (amphoe) in the eastern part of Suphan Buri province, central Thailand. Si Prachan is well known for being the location of the Thai Buffalo Conservation Village, buffalo conservation centre.
History
The government separated some parts of Tha Phi Liang District (now Mueang Suphan Buri) and Sam Chuk district to create Si Prachan District in 1901.
Si Prachan, formerly known as "Kraphung" (กระพุ้ง, ). It was renamed in 1937 in honour of Khun Si Prachanraksa (Sam Mithongkham), the first Si Prachan subdistrict headman.
Geography
Neighbouring districts are (from the south clockwise): Mueang Suphan Buri, Don Chedi and Sam Chuk; and Sawaeng Ha, Pho Thong, Samko and Wiset Chai Chan of Ang Thong province.
The main water resource of the district is the Tha Chin River.
Administration
Central administration
Si Prachan is divided into nine subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 64 administrative villages (mubans).
Local administration
There are six subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambons) in the district:
Ban Krang (Thai: ) consisting of parts of subdistrict Ban Krang.
Wang Wa (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Wang Wa.
Wang Nam Sap (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Wang Nam Sap.
Si Prachan (Thai: ) consisting of parts of subdistricts Si Prachan, Ban Krang.
Wang Yang (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Wang Yang.
Plai Na (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Plai Na.
There are four subdistrict administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
Si Prachan (Thai: ) consisting of parts of subdistrict Si Prachan.
Mot Daeng (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Mot Daeng.
Bang Ngam (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Bang Ngam.
Don Pru (Thai: ) consisting of subdistrict Don Pru.
References
Si Prachan |
26720712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Ben%2010%3A%20Ultimate%20Alien%20episodes | List of Ben 10: Ultimate Alien episodes | Ben 10: Ultimate Alien is an American animated television series, the third entry in Cartoon Network's Ben 10 franchise created by team Man of Action (a group consisting of Duncan Rouleau, Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, and Steven T. Seagle), and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. It was slated to premiere after the series finale of Ben 10: Alien Force on March 26, 2010, but instead premiered on April 23, 2010. The series finale aired on March 31, 2012.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2010)
30 Aliens - Swampfire, Jetray, Chromastone, Humungousaur, Spidermonkey, Echo Echo, Brainstorm, Alien X, Big Chill, Goop, Ultimate Humungousaur, Ultimate Spidermonkey, Ultimate Echo Echo, Ultimate Big Chill, Ultimate Swampfire, Ultimate Cannonbolt, Cannonbolt, Rath, Lodestar, Upchuck, Water Hazard, NRG, Armodrillo, Terraspin, Ampfibian, Four Arms (16 years old), Diamondhead (16 years old), Nanomech, Way Big, Ripjaws.By 10 Year Old Ben - Heatblast, Stinkfly, Four Arms, Wildmutt. By Kevin - Ultimate Kevin.
Gwendolyn Catherine Tennyson, now sixteen years old, has perfected her knowledge of her innate magical/anodite abilities in just one year. Since "Fused", she has begun casting spells out loud again since six years ago.
Bivalian, Pand'r, Andreas, Galapagus and Ra'ad each have power over the first five of the main elements of Nature- Water, Fire, Earth, Air and Aether/Quintessence- giving Ben Tennyson the exact same elemental skills as Water Hazard, NRG, Armadrillo, Terraspin and Ampfibian.
The origins of top-level magicians Hex and his niece Charmcaster are explained; their home world is Legerdomain from which all things and beings magical, supernatural, occultism and mysticism is derived.
Season 2 (2011)
35 Aliens - Swampfire, Jetray, Chromastone, Humungousaur, SpiderMonkey, Echo-Echo, Brainstorm, Alien X, Big Chill, Goop, Ultimate Humungousaur, Ultimate SpiderMonkey, Ultimate Echo-Echo, Ultimate Big Chill, Ultimate Swampfire, Ultimate Cannonbolt, Cannonbolt, Fasttrack, Rath, Lodestar, Murk Upchuck, Water Hazard, NRG, Armodrillo, Terraspin, Amphibian, Four-Arms(16 Years old), Diamond Head (16 Years old), Nanomech, Way Big, Ripjaws(16 Years old), Wildmutt (16 Years old), Ultimate Wildmutt, ChamAlien, Heatblast (16 Years old).By Ben 10,000 - Arctiguana, Spitter, Clockwork, Ultimate Ben.
It is revealed that the events of the live Race Against Time movie took place in an alternate reality that is entirely separate from the original show.
We see how Maxwell Tennyson, as a seventeen-year-old teen, first met his estranged anodite wife Verdona nearly half a century ago; however never their marriage and time with their sons Franklin and Carl.
Season 3 (2011–12)
39 Aliens - Swampfire, Jetray, Chromastone, Humungousaur, SpiderMonkey, Echo-Echo, Brainstorm, Alien X, Big Chill, Goop, Ultimate Humungousaur, Ultimate SpiderMonkey, Clockwork, Ultimate Echo-Echo, Ultimate Big Chill, Ultimate Swampfire, Ultimate Cannonbolt, Ultimate Way Big, Cannonbolt, Fasttrack, Rath, Lodestar, Murk Upchuck, Jury Rigg, Water Hazard, NRG, Armodrillo, Terraspin, Amphibian, Eatle, Four-Arms(16 Years old), Diamond Head (16 Years old), Nanomech, Way Big, Ripjaws(16 Years old), Wildmutt (16 Years old), Ultimate Wildmutt, ChamAlien, Heatblast (16 Years old).
Kevin Ethan Levin is absent in "Catch a Falling Star".
Gwen Tennyson, being one-quarter anodite who is almost fully in tune with her increasingly powerful magical and psychic/extrasensory abilities, is considered to be the strongest being in the known universe, according to "the Dagon" himself.
Dagon makes a debut in the series and the true motive of all forever knights is revealed.
Crossover Special (2011)
DVD releases
See also
List of Ben 10 episodes
List of Ben 10: Alien Force episodes
List of Ben 10: Omniverse episodes
List of Ben 10 (2016 TV series) episodes
Notes
References
Lists of American children's animated television series episodes
Cartoon Network-related lists
2010s television-related lists
Ultimate |
17341897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BarbieGirls.com | BarbieGirls.com | BarbieGirls.com was an online virtual world created by Mattel, based on the Barbie brand. It opened on April 24, 2007 and eventually closed June 1, 2011. International versions of the site closed on April 30, 2011. Mattel also released a line of MP3 players that looked like avatars from the website, these devices came with a free VIP membership for the site.
History
BarbieGirls.com opened on April 24, 2007. After one week of opening, 200,000 members had signed up. Mattel proclaimed the site to be "The fastest growing virtual world in history". The site was called "BarbieGirls BETA" for a while, until it eventually came out of beta. BarbieGirls was aimed primarily at young girls, so Mattel made it so that players were only allowed to play with a female avatar.
The site had a huge community, with many active fansites dedicated to sharing info on the game.
BarbieGirls.com eventually shut down on June 1, 2011. Players were given notice in advance, and VIP Memberships were refunded. The official reason Mattel gave for the closure of the site was "BarbieGirls.com is closing as the Barbie brand is exploring new opportunities where girls can experience the best of Barbie. We are committed to providing girls with the best play experience both on and offline." The homepage encouraged users to join Stardoll, promising to give them free BarbieGirls inspired items for their avatar in the game. Three popular BarbieGirls games were uploaded to Barbie.com so they could be played after the closure. A folder containing images and wallpapers from BarbieGirls.com was also made available for download.
Fans were upset with the closure. They created petitions to re-open the site, but none of them caught Mattel's attention. No plans have been made to re-open the site. The original URL for BarbieGirls redirects the user to Barbie.com.
MP3 Players
A line of customisable BarbieGirls MP3 players were released in 2007. They were designed to look like avatars from the game, with plastic clothes that could be interchanged. Extra fashion packs were available to get more outfits for the device. The player supported MP3 and WMA files that weren't protected by DRM. The device had 512MB of memory, with an SD Card slot to expand the storage space. A special 1GB version was also released.
A disc was included with every device that allowed it to be registered with an account on BarbieGirls.com, to give the user a free VIP membership. A user with a BarbieGirls MP3 player was also allowed to become Best Friends with another user.
Gameplay
Each player had their own avatar whom they could purchase clothes and accessories for using B Bucks, the in-game currency. Players also each got their own room, which they could purchase "furni" for with their B Bucks. The game was free-to-play, but members could purchase a VIP membership, which gave them access to more locations, mini-games and items. Members could not purchase items unless they had a VIP membership. Secret codes also existed for players to type in to unlock rare items. Members were allowed to add friends and send pre-made messages to each other.
A chat system called "B Chat" existed for avatars in the same room to communicate with each other. B Chat only allowed players to select from a list of phrases to send. To be able to type in whatever one wanted, an email must be sent to the parent or guardian for them to select whether they wanted their child to unlock "Super B Chat" or not. Two members who both owned BarbieGirls MP3 players were allowed to become "best friends" and participate in a "Secret B Chat" with each other.
The mini-games on BarbieGirls.com were originally taken from other Mattel websites for My Scene and Pixel Chix, but eventually original games were featured. The in-game cinema paid players 20 B Bucks to watch a trailer for one of the many Direct-to-DVD Barbie films. After the closure of BarbieGirls.com, some URLs were found which still let one play a selection of the games from the site, but they no longer work. A few of the games from BarbieGirls were also put on the Barbie website, but they have been taken down, like the games from the site that were put on the Mattel website.
In order to purchase a VIP membership, an account had to be part of the BarbieGirls Parent's Place, which allowed parents to control their child's account and give them online safety tips.
When a player logged on, their avatar was sent to "B Central", which provided the user with buttons that teleported them to various areas in the virtual world. If the player clicked on the giant blimp in B Central, they would be sent to a page titled "Buzz & Goss", which contained all of the latest news about BarbieGirls.
References
Barbie
American children's websites
Mattel
Internet properties established in 2007
Internet properties disestablished in 2011 |
26720715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20L.%20Fitzgerald | James L. Fitzgerald | James L. Fitzgerald is an Indologist at Brown University. He studied at the University of Chicago, receiving his B.A. in 1971, his M.A. in Sanskrit in 1974 and his Ph.D. in Sanskrit and South Asian Civilizations in 1980. At Chicago he studied primarily with J. A. B. van Buitenen. From 1978 Fitzgerald joined the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee. In 2007 he was appointed Purandara Das Distinguished Professor of Sanskrit in the Department of Classics, Brown University.
Fitzgerald's main research interest has been India's great Sanskrit epic, the Mahābhārata, see Mahabharata.
Publications
Books
The Mahabharata: Book 11: The Book of the Women, Book 12: The
Book of Peace, Part One. Translated, edited, and annotated by James L.
Fitzgerald. 848 p., 1 halftone, 1 map, 4 charts, 7 tables. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2004.
In progress
The Mahabharata: Book 12: The Book of Peace, Part Two. Translated,
edited, and annotated by James L. Fitzgerald. Chicago: University of
Chicago.
Other projects
1981
Edited the posthumous publication of J. A. B. van Buitenen’s The
Bhagavad Gītā in the Mahābhārata (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1981).
Articles
In press, 2009
“The Sāṃkhya-Yoga “Manifesto” at MBh 12.289-290,” in proceedings
of the 13th World Sanskrit Conference, John Brockington, ed. (Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass): 185-212.
In press, 2009
“A Preliminary Study of the 681 Triṣṭubh Passages of the
Mahābhārata,” in proceedings of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference,
Robert Goldman and Muneo Tokunaga, editors (Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass, in press): 95-117.
In press, 2009
“No Contest between Memory and Invention: The Invention of the
Pāṇḍava Heroes of the Mahābhārata,” in the proceedings volume of the
conference “Epic and History: Ancient and Medieval,” Brown
University, December, 2006.
2007
“Bhīṣma beyond Freud: The Fall of the Sky, Bhīṣma in the
Mahābhārata, 1,” in Epic Constructions: Gender, Myth, and Society in
the Mahābhārata, edited by Brian Black and Simon Brodbeck (London:
Routledge, 2007): 189-207.
2006
“Negotiating the Shape of ‘Scripture’: New Perspectives on the
Development and Growth of the Epic Between the Empires,” in Between
the Empires, edited by Patrick Olivelle (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2006): 257-87.
2006
“Toward a Database of the Non-Anuṣṭubh Verses of the Mahābhārata,”
in Epics, Khilas, and Purāṇas: Continuities and Ruptures, Petteri
Koskikallio, ed., Proceedings of the Third Dubrovnik International
Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Purāṇas (Zagreb: Croatian
Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006): 137-148.
2004
“Dharma and Its Translation in the Mahābhārata,” Journal of Indian
Philosophy 32.5 (Dec. 2004): 671-685.
2003
“The Many Voices of the Mahābhārata:” A Review Article of
Rethinking the Mahābhārata: A Reader's Guide to the Education of the
Dharma King by Alf Hiltebeitel (Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,
2001), Journal of The American Oriental Society 123.4 (2003): 803-18.
2004
“Mahābhārata,” in The Hindu World, Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby,
eds. (New York and London: Routledge, 2004): 52-74.
2002
“Nun Befuddles King, Shows karmayoga Does Not Work: Sulabhā’s
Refutation of King Janaka at MBh 12.308,” Journal of Indian
Philosophy 30.6 (December, 2002): 641-77.
2002
“The Rāma Jāmadagnya Thread of the Mahābhārata: A New Survey of
Rāma Jāmadagnya in the Pune Text,” in Mary Brockington, ed., Stages
and Transitions: Temporal and Historical Frameworks in Epic and
Purāṇic Literature, Proceedings of the Second Dubrovnik International
Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Purāṇas, August, 1999 (Zagreb,
Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2002): 89-132.
2002
“Making Yudhiṣṭhira the King: The Dialectics and the Politics of
Violence in the Mahābhārata,” Rocznik Orientalistyczny LIV (2001):
63-92.
2000
“pīta and śaikya/saikya: Two Terms of Iron and Steel Technology in the
Mahābhārata,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 120.1
(January–March 2000): 44-61.
1998
“Some Storks and Eagles Eat Carrion; Herons and Ospreys Do Not:
Kaṅkas and Kuraras (and Baḍas) in the Mahābhārata,” Journal of the
American Oriental Society, 118.2 (April–June 1998): 257-61.
1993
Articles on dharma, śānti, and Vyāsa in the Harper Dictionary of
Religion (New York: Harper and Row, 1993).
1988
“Review article of Peter Brook's Production of the Mahābhārata,”
Soundings, LX, No. 3-4 (Winter, 1988): 539-51.
1985
“India’s Fifth Veda: The Mahābhārata’s Presentation of Itself,” Journal
of South Asian Literature, XX.1 (1985): 125-40. Reprinted in Essays on
the Mahābhārata, edited by Arvind Sharma (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991):
150-71.
1983
“The Great Epic of India as Religious Rhetoric: A Fresh Look at the
Mahābhārata,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, LI.4
(December, 1983): 611-630.
1978
Annotated translation of Ṛgveda I.113, in Appendix I of The Meaning of
Aphrodite, Paul Friedrich (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978).
References
External links
The Mahābhārata at Brown University
American Indologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Chicago alumni
Brown University faculty |
6909950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Humphrey | Karen Humphrey | Karen Humphrey was a local news reporter, who later served as mayor of Fresno, California between 1989 and 1993. She was the first female mayor of Fresno, and as of 2019, the last Democratic mayor the city has had. She lost re-election to businessman Jim Patterson, not only losing in the primary, but only receiving 18% of the vote, and finishing third overall.
Education
Humphrey obtained a bachelor's degree in Humanities from the University of Southern California and a master's Degree in public policy and women's studies from California State University, Sacramento.
Careers
The start of Humphrey's career and professional life began when she was a news reporter and anchor for local news stations in Eureka and Fresno, California. She was the first woman reporter on air in Fresno. In 1979 she decided to take her talents elsewhere and was elected to the Fresno City Council, where she served two terms.
After her career as mayor, Humphrey worked in educational policy at the state level. She became Executive Director of the California Postsecondary Education Commission in 2009, and served in that role until 2011 when the commission was disbanded.
Since her move to Sacramento, she has focused her attention on getting more women into public office.
Family
Humphrey was married to Ken Clarke, and she resides in Sacramento.
References
External links
Living people
American television reporters and correspondents
California Democrats
Mayors of Fresno, California
Women mayors of places in California
1945 births
21st-century American women
People from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia |
6909952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan%20deer | Sichuan deer | The Sichuan deer (Cervus canadensis macneilli), also known as MacNeill's deer, is a subspecies of the wapiti native to Western China.
Description
This large, highland deer is of very pale, finely spotted color with gray or brownish black. The winter coat is of a brownish wash. These deer, along with the Tibetan red deer, are the largest subspecies of Central Asian red deer. Older adult males may carry six tines on each antler similar to wapiti subspecies. Also, unlike other Central Asian red deer subspecies, females do have short neck manes during the winter.
Range/discovery
This rare deer was first described in 1909 from a female specimen. 26 years later, male specimens were found and its true status became known. It lives in along the Chinese-Tibetan border.
References
Elk and red deer |
6909972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Dean | Dr. Dean | Dr. Dean may refer to:
Dr. Dean Edell, host of the Dr. Dean Edell radio program
Dr. Howard Dean, former Democratic Governor of Vermont, former Presidential Candidate, and former head of the Democratic National Committee |
17341911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%20Oudom%20district | Pha Oudom district | Pha Oudom is a district (muang) of Bokeo province in northwestern Laos. The district, along with Pak Tha district, was part of Oudomxay province until 1992.
Geography
The district is about 50 kilometres southeast of the town of Houayxay and covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres. The district is bordered by Houayxay district to the northwest; Na Le district and Viengphoukha district of Luang Namtha province to the northeast; Houne district of Oudomxay province to the east; Pakbeng district to the south; and Pak Tha district of Bokeo to the west. It has a population of about 36,400 people. The district is remote and mountainous can be divided into two regions: highlands at 800 metres above sea level which comprises about 65% of the land area and lowlands at 400 metres elevation. The Nam Tha River is the chief watercourse in the district.
Settlements
Pha Oudom contains 94 villages, 54 of them are among the poorest communities in Laos. The inhabitants mainly consist of Khmu peoples who constitute about 80 percent of the district population, followed by 12 percent lowlander, and eight percent Hmong. The oldest village in the district is Namkha, established in 1906.
Economy
The economy is based on rice farming and animal husbandry including buffalo.
References
External links
Physical environment and farming in Pha Oudom
Flickr images
Districts of Bokeo province |
26720723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serai%20Lashkari%20Khan | Serai Lashkari Khan | Serai Lashkari Khan located near Gurdwara Manji Sahib, Kotan (near Doraha) in Ludhiana District, Punjab, India is a historical inn built by Mughal military general Lashkari Khan, in the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1667 CE.
History
A specimen of major structural types of Islamic architecture, this is one of many Carvanserais meant to be halting places along the old Mughal highway connecting Agra, Delhi and Lahore. These caravanserais played an important role in economic, cultural and political life but gradually fell in disuse with shifting routes and advent of railroads in the nineteenth century. Many of these disappeared altogether due to modernization and urban expansion.
The historic inn, though, declared as a protected monument has largely been neglected and has been in a dilapidated condition.
In popular media
This Serai was made popular after it was featured in the popular movie Rang De Basanti referred to by its acronym RDB. Some tourists started referring to it the RDB fort after that.
See also
Mughal Serai, Doraha
Tourism in Punjab, India
References
Ludhiana district
Tourism in Punjab, India
Mughal caravanserais
Monuments and memorials in Punjab, India
Ruins in India
Caravanserais in India |
6909987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golondrinas | Golondrinas | Golondrinas or Golondrina, Spanish for swallows, may refer to:
Places
Argentina
Las Golondrinas, Argentina, a settlement in Cushamen Department, Chubut Province
Puerto Golondrina, a suburb of the city of Ushuaia
Golondrina (yacht), the yacht of President of the Republica Argentina (ARA Golondrina (A-10)).
Mexico
Cave of Swallows, Sótano de las Golondrinas, a cave in San Luis Potosí
Puerto Rico
San Germán, Puerto Rico, "Ciudad de las Golondrinas", the second oldest city of Puerto Rico
Las Golondrinas Cavern, a cave and place of interest in Ciales municipality
Spain
Golondrinas, a neighborhood in the Macarena District of Seville
United States
Golondrinas, New Mexico, a village in Mora County, New Mexico
El Rancho de las Golondrinas, an historic ranch in Santa Fe County, New Mexico
Music
Dos Golondrinas, an orchestral piece by Venezuelan composer Aldemaro Romero, see El Garrasí
"Las Golondrinas", a traditional Mexican song by Mexican composer Narciso Serradell, written in 1862, and that has become an anthem for Mexican expats.
"Las Golondrinas", a song by Argentine singer Jorge Cafrune on the Uruguayan version of his fourth album Cafrune (album) and on his fifth, Jorge Cafrune (album)
Las golondrinas (zarzuela), a zarzuela by Basque composer José María Usandizaga
“ Ojitos De Golondrina” , a song by Mexican singer and composer Joan Sebastian, released in 1991. In this song he compares his lovers eyes with that of a Golondrina(swallow).
Other
Golondrina point, a Paleo-Indian projectile point
Golondrina, Brownies section in the Association of Guides and Scouts of Chile |
23579945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20Mansoor%20Al-Amriki | Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki | Omar Shafik Hammami (, Umar Shafīq Hammāmī; 6 May 1984 – 12 September 2013), also known by the pseudonym Abu Mansoor al-Amriki (, Abū Manṣūr al-Amrīkī), was an American citizen who was a member and leader in the Somali Islamist militant group al-Shabaab. A federal warrant for his arrest was issued in 2007. In November 2012, the FBI added Hammami to its Most Wanted Terrorists list.
Omar was raised in a Christian household with an American Protestant mother and a Syrian-born Muslim father. Hammami began to identify as Muslim in high school, after traveling to Syria and meeting his Muslim relatives, and proceeded to drop out of college. After moving to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and marrying a Somali-Canadian woman in 2004, he traveled with her to Egypt in 2005. He then abandoned his wife and infant daughter to join Al-Shabaab in Somalia in late 2006. They divorced, and by 2009 he had married a Somali woman and had another daughter.
Hammami served as a commander, propagandist, and recruiter. He was rumored to have been killed in March and July 2011 but later appeared again in videos. In December 2012, Al-Shabaab posted a rebuke online of what it called his "narcissistic pursuit of fame."
Hammami was killed by al-Shabaab militants on 12 September 2013.
Early life
Hammami was born to Shafik Hammami and Debra Hadley and grew up in Daphne, Alabama, with an older sister Dena. Hammami's father, Shafik, a Syrian Muslim, grew up in Damascus, Syria and moved to Alabama for college, later becoming a civil engineer. His mother, Hadley, is of Irish descent and was a former schoolteacher. The children were initially raised as Southern Baptist but also practiced Muslim culture at home. Finding her father too restrictive, Dena left the home at 16 and went to live with friends.
Hammami was president of his sophomore class at Daphne High School and was in the Advanced Placement program. Following his father's return to Islam, Hammami began to explore the religion. He grew flamboyant about his faith in high school, convincing his friend Bernie Culveyhouse to convert to Islam. He left high school early to start college. Friends in school thought of him as a leader.
Over time, Hammami grew increasingly religious. While in college, he became influenced by Tony Salvatore Sylvester, an American convert to Islam at the Masjid in Mobile, Alabama and Hamammi became a Salafi. He served as president of the Muslim Students' Association at the University of South Alabama. His theological stance caused him conflict with his father, who asked him to leave home in 2002. Hammami also dropped out of college.
Marriage and family
Hammami and Culveyhouse worked odd jobs. Together, they decided to move to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which had a large Muslim community. Soon, Culveyhouse married. Hammami became more aware of the US Invasion of Iraq and began to become interested in jihad as he followed the fighting in Chechnya. In March 2005, Hammami married 19-year-old Sadiyo Mohamed Abdille, a woman from Somalia whose family had fled in 2001 for Canada from the civil war which had been going on since 1991.
In June 2005, the two friends moved with their families to Alexandria, Egypt and the Hammamis' daughter was born there. The men wanted to study at Al-Azhar University but neither was accepted, and Culveyhouse decided to return to the United States with his family.
Joining al-Shabaab in Somalia
Through an Internet forum, Hammami met Daniel Maldonado, an American convert to Islam who was living in Cairo with his wife and two children. The two young men secretly made plans to leave for Somalia. At the age of 22, Hammami traveled to Somalia in November 2006 and apparently joined al-Shabaab soon after, as Mogadishu descended into war. He told his family he lost his passport, and his parents contacted federal officials to help him but were told the US did not have diplomatic relations with Somalia. He disappeared, and his wife took their daughter with her back to Toronto. She refused his request to join him in Somalia and, in 2007, got a divorce.
In October 2007, Hammami appeared publicly identified as "Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki" (the American) for the first time, giving an interview for Al Jazeera. Fluent in Arabic, with computer and organization skills, Hammami was noticed by his superiors. In a January 2008 letter, Al-Amriki explained al-Shabaab's goal to establish an Islamic caliphate "from East to West after removing the occupier and killing the apostates."
Hammami became a major leader in Al-Shabaab, "commanding guerrilla forces in the field, organizing attacks and plotting strategy with al Qaeda operatives, according to The New York Times. He was said to have directed an October 2008 operation in which Shirwa Ahmed, a Somali-American, blew himself up, the second known American suicide bomber." In 2010 United States officials said they knew of no other American citizen who had risen so high as Hammami in Al-Shabaab, although it had recruited nearly 20 Americans, many from the Minneapolis area.
For these activities, in 2007, Hammami was indicted in the Southern District of Alabama on terrorism violations. A superseding indictment was returned against Hammami in 2009 on terrorism violations for leaving the United States to join al-Shabaab, a terrorist organization. On 13 December 2007, a federal warrant for his arrest was issued by the United States District Court, Southern District of Alabama.
Al-Amriki revealed his face in a 31-minute video released 31 March 2009, and in recruitment footage posted to a Somali terrorist website on 5 April 2009. He said,
The only reason we are staying here, away from our families, away from the cities, away from candy bars [and] ice, all these other things is because we are waiting to meet with the enemy. ... If you can encourage more of your children, and more of your neighbors, and anyone around you to send people ... to this Jihad, it would be a great asset for us.
In the video, al-Amriki talks about preparations for an ambush and his attempt to "try to blow up as many of their vehicles as we can and kill as many of them as we can." After the ambush, al-Amriki praises a killed fighter. American law enforcement authorities have claimed that Somali-Americans from Minnesota also appear in the 31 March video. One of the Americans featured in the video is Shirwa Ahmed, known to have been among four people to die in suicide attacks in October 2008 against the United Nations compound, the Ethiopian Consulate and the presidential palace in Hargeisa. The two videos indicated that Al-Amriki had become a prominent figure for al-Shabaab in its effort to recruit Western Muslims to jihad. His family and friends remain shocked that he could have embraced this cause.
On 8 July 2009, al-Amriki released an audiotape on jihadi websites. Billed as a "response" to U.S. President Barack Obama's June 2009 Cairo speech to "the Muslim world," the audio message warned Muslims against being taken in by Obama's "charisma." In the message, al-Amriki affirmed al-Shabaab's allegiance to Al Qaeda and condoned the 9/11 terror attacks in the United States.
In September 2009 Hammami contacted his sister Dena by email, saying that he had married a Somali woman and had a baby daughter. He contacted his sister intermittently. She disapproved of what he was doing but did not want to lose touch altogether.
In January 2010 he uploaded a lengthy autobiography available on JIHADOLOGY.net entitled "The Story of an American Jihadi: Part One." The 127-page document deals with his evolution from Muslim convert to Salafi to jihadi; enlisting in the Shabaab, life in combat fighting off hungry lions and giant ants at night. While defiant in his opposition to American government, Hammami expressed a wish to have "a three-day visit to see my mom, dad and sister."
In April 2011, Hammami released two rap songs dealing with jihad. One song, called Send me a Cruise, praised martyrdom at the hands of US forces. The other song, Make Jihad With Me, was aimed at recruiting Islamic youth to join the al Shabaab movement.
False reports of death
In March 2011, Somalian government sources reported that Hammami had been killed during fighting in Mogadishu. Somali Defence Minister Abdihakim Mohamoud Haji-Faqi subsequently told the Associated Press that Somali officials did not have a body and that the intelligence reports had not yet been confirmed.
Long War Journal reported on 15 March that Hammami had not been killed as Somali officials had claimed, as he had released a videotape. As Al-Amriki, Hammami had released an Anasheed song, mocking the claims of his death.
In July 2011, the Sunatimes reported that Hammami had possibly been killed in a Predator drone attack in Jubba, Somalia. He was featured in a March 2012 video claiming that his life may be in danger from Al-Shabaab, arising from a dispute over interpretations of Sharia law.
Al Shabaab denied this, saying that it was surprised by the video and that Al-Amriki "still enjoys all the privileges of brotherhood." The group added that it was attempting to verify "the authenticity as well as the motivations behind the video" and that a formal investigation was underway. On 25 May Hammami posted an audio lecture online. In the 45-minute lecture, originally posted in January but removed, he criticized jihadist organizations with a local focus, likening them to a "cancerous tumor." He also called for all Muslims to unite in a "jihad of the entire 'Ummah'" under the banner of restored caliphate.
In November 2012, the FBI placed Hammami on its Most Wanted Terrorists list.
On 17 December 2012, Al-Shabaab posted a message on Twitter publicly chastising Hammami for releasing videos in a "narcissistic pursuit of fame." The tweet asserted that the group had tried to talk with him privately but in vain. Al-Shabaab claimed a moral obligation to reveal Hammami's "obstinacy".
On 9 May 2013, senior member of al Shabaab and militant Fuad Mohamed Shangole claimed that Abu Mansoor al Amriki had been killed by armed men loyal to the top al Shabaab leader Ahmed Godane in Rama-cadey area. Preaching at a mosque in Bula-Barde town of Hiran region in central Somalia, Shangole said that Abu Mansoor al Amriki was killed after men he dubbed to be "apostates" ambushed him. Shangole said after Omar Hamami was killed, a fight between extremist militias erupted where a number of al Shabaab fighters were killed.
However, the reports of al-Amriki's death were proven wrong when he was interviewed by Voice of America on 3 September 2013.
Death
Omar Hammami was killed on 12 September 2013, in an early-morning ambush by al-Shabaab militants in a village near the town of Dinsoor, south-west of the capital, Mogadishu. US administration officials in the embassy of Nairobi, Kenya investigated the validity of the reports of his death.
Hammami's death was eventually confirmed when the FBI removed him from their Most Wanted Terrorists list in November 2013. He was removed from the U.S. State Department's Rewards for Justice list in January 2014.
References
Further reading
Ackerman, Spencer. "'There's No Turning Back': My Interview With a Hunted American Jihadist." Wired. 4 April 2013.
Ackerman, Spencer. "Rapping Jihadi Now Fears Terrorist Pals Will Kill Him." Wired. 19 March 2013.
Ackerman, Spencer. "Rapping Terrorist Accused of Not Writing His Own Jihadi Rhymes." Wired. 22 February 2013.
Ackerman, Spencer. "$5 Million Bounty Is Closest Rapping Jihadi Will Come to a Record Deal." Wired. 20 March 2013.
Berger, J.M. "Omar and Me." Foreign Policy. 16 September 2013.
External links
FBI wanted poster
FBI.gov
1984 births
2013 deaths
Assassinated Al-Shabaab members
American Islamists
American expatriates in Somalia
People from Daphne, Alabama
Converts to Islam from Protestantism
American people of Syrian descent
American people of Irish descent |
17341913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborn%E2%80%93Bennett%20Historic%20District | Osborn–Bennett Historic District | The Osborn–Bennett Historic District is a residential historic district in Tiverton, Rhode Island consisting of four houses. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
History and description
The district was formed around Main Road which was laid out in 1683 by the first English settlers in the area. The Osborn family settled there in the 18th century and distinguished themselves as businessmen and attorneys. The Osborn family cemetery is within the district as well as several Italianate houses. The district extends along Main Road north of its junction with Rhode Island Route 24, and includes three houses on the west side of the road (1148, 1168, and 1188) and one on the east side (1137).
The houses are:
The Edward Bennett/James Otis Hambly House at 1137 Main Road, is a small-style Federal house built c.1822. The house's ell may not be original, but is certain to have existed by 1895. The roof was replaced some time after 1936. There is also a 1 1/2 story barn to the south of the house.
The Osborn House at 1148 Main Road, across the street from the Bennett-Hambly House, was built c.1845 in the Italianate style. Its ell dates from some time before 1895. A number of farm outbuildings still exist on the lot which surrounds the house of three sides and which was once part of the Osborn farm. These include a small barn, the ruins of another barn, a garage, a shed, and an unspecified outbuilding. The house remained in the hands of the Osborn family until the mid to late 20th century.
The Thomas Osborn Homestead at 1168 Main Road dates from c.1790. It is a two-story Federal style house on extensive property with includes wooded areas and open fields. The ell may be original to the building, but was in place by 1895. Outbuildings include a barn and a shed, and the Osborn family cemetery is also on the property. The earliest marked grave is Thomas Osborn's from 1833, and the latest from 1972. Thomas Osborn was the first white settler in the area. The house has been owned by a member of the Osborn family since its construction to at least 2005.
The Judge Joseph Osborn House at 1188 Main Road is an Italianate house built around 1845. It originally included an ell, which has since been removed by 1953. The property includes a large barn/garage with two shed attached. Like the Osborn House, the Judge Joseph Osborn House remained in the hands of the Osborn family until the mid to late 20th century. The judge is said to have been "perhaps [the] most distinguished member" of the Osborn family.
Gallery
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Preserve RI state press release
External links
Tiverton, Rhode Island
Historic districts in Newport County, Rhode Island
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island |
26720724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi%20Cuomo | Luigi Cuomo | Luigi Cuomo (18 February 1901 – 27 June 1993) was an Italian fencer. He competed in the team foil competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1901 births
1993 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics |
23579946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvisciolo%20Abbey | Valvisciolo Abbey | Valvisciolo Abbey is a Cistercian monastery in the province of Latina, central Italy, near the towns of Sermoneta and Ninfa.
It is an example of rigorous Romanesque-Cistercian architecture, considered a masterpiece of that style in central Italy second only to the nearby Fossanova Abbey.
History
According to tradition, the abbey was founded in the 8th century by Greek Basilian monks. Some sources state that it was established in 1145 by the monks of Cistercian order, by monks from the Abbey of Fossanova. Likely damaged during the 12th-century invasion of Barbarossa, it was occupied and restored by the Knights Templar in the 13th century, who after the dissolution of their order were replaced first briefly by Augustinians, then again by the Cistercians in 1312-15. The abbey had some turnover in the early 17th-century, but ultimately remained Cistercian. The monastery was dissolved in 1807 but was re-settled in 1864 and is still extant.
According to a medieval legend, when the Templar Grand Master Jacques de Molay was burnt at the stake in 1314, the church's architraves broke. The Templar influence can be still noticed today from several crosses with their characteristic shape, such as that in the rose window. During a restoration, a Templar palindromic Sator Square was discovered on a wall: it is the only known variant in which the letters form five concentric rings, each one divided into five sectors.
In 1411 the abbey passed into the hands of Paolo Caetani as commendatory abbot. In 1523 Pope Clement VII reduced it to the rank of a priory, and in 1529 it was further reduced to a secular priory. From 1600 or 1605 it was occupied by Cistercians of the Congregation of the Feuillants until 1619. Between 1619 and 1635 the premises were used by the Minims of Saint Francis of Paola. The Feuillants then returned and remained there until the suppression of religious orders enforced by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Pope Pius IX made two important visits to the abbey in 1863 and 1865, and by his order the community here was re-established, as a priory dependent upon the congregation of Casamari. The abbey continues until today to accommodate Cistercian monks of the same congregation.
Buildings
The interior of the church consists of a nave and two aisles divided by pilasters and columns. The walls are plain, according to the Cistercian taste. At the end of the north nave is the Chapel of Saint Laurence, painted with frescoes in the years 1586-89 by Niccolò Circignani, known as "il Pomarancio" on commission from Cardinal Enrico Caetani.
Over the main entrance portal a rose window can be seen. The cloister, located to the right of the abbey and looking onto the façade, has a brightly coloured garden.
The abbey is situated in a small valley known by medieval tradition as the valley of the nightingale.
References
Sources
Testa, Sonia, 2007: Abbazia di Valvisciolo, "Vallis Lusciniae" Ars et Historia. Grafica 87, Pontinia 2007.
Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century
Monasteries in Lazio
Cistercian monasteries in Italy |
26720735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotellneset | Hotellneset | Hotellneset ("Hotel Point") is a peninsula north-west of Longyearbyen in Svalbard, Norway, sticking out into Adventfjorden. It is the location of Svalbard Airport, Longyear and the port for shipping of coal from Longyearbyen. Above Hotellneset is Platåberget, which is the location for Svalbard Satellite Station.
References
Longyearbyen
Peninsulas of Spitsbergen |
20483426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20de%20Caires | David de Caires | David de Caires (31 December 1937 – 1 November 2008) was a Guyanese solicitor. He was also the founder and editor-in-chief of Stabroek News.
De Caires' father Francis was a director of the family company, De Caires Bros Ltd, and a Test cricketer for the West Indies in the 1930s. David attended Stonyhurst College in England.
In the early 60s, de Caires was involved with the New World Group, responsible for publishing New World Quarterly and New World Fortnightly that lasted until 1966. He was a supporter of The United Force, and a supporter of free-market economics.
Trained as a solicitor, de Caires founded Stabroek News in 1986 with the help of his wife and Ken Gordon of the Trinidad and Tobago Express. After Guyana became independent from Britain in 1971, government policies limited the dissemination of information. The government controlled nearly all aspects of media until President Desmond Hoyte enacted various political changes enabling freedom of speech. de Caires was the first to establish an independent, critical newspaper in the country, and often seen as a watershed moment for media freedom in Guyana. In an interview, de Caires said he was most proud of the Stabroek's letters column section; "We get an enormous sackful of letters every week. We have cultivated this by publishing as many as possible. It is the chance for people to be heard. For such a small paper, we get an enormous volume of letters".
De Caires suffered a heart attack on 14 August 2008. He spent time in hospital in Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. He was later transported to a hospital in Barbados, where he died on the morning of 1 November 2008. He is survived by his sisters Mary and Felicity, widow Doreen, son Brendan, and daughter Isabelle, who is married to the former England cricket captain-turned-journalist Michael Atherton.
References
External links
David De Caires - The Times Obituary
1937 births
2008 deaths
People educated at Stonyhurst College
Guyanese journalists
Newspaper publishers (people)
20th-century journalists |
17341920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20G%20Major | In G Major | In G Major is a ballet made for New York City Ballet's Ravel Festival by ballet master Jerome Robbins to the composer's Piano Concerto in G Major (1928–31). The premiere took place May 15, 1975 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center, with lighting by Mark Stanley. The Paris Opera Ballet commissioned scenery and costumes by Erté when it staged Robbins' ballet under the name En Sol, decor which has subsequently been borrowed by City Ballet. Ravel composed the concerto after travelling in the United States and is reported to have described the work as "... written in very much the same spirit as those of Mozart and Saint-Saëns," and said that "it uses certain effects borrowed from jazz, but only in moderation."
Original cast
Suzanne Farrell
Peter Martins
Footnotes
References
Playbill, NYCB, Thursday, May 15, 2008
Repertory Week, NYCB, Spring season, 2008 repertory, week 3
Articles
NY Times, Deirdre Carmody, May 16, 1975
Reviews
NY Times, Clive Barnes, May 16, 1975
Ballets by Jerome Robbins
Ballets to the music of Maurice Ravel
1975 ballet premieres
New York City Ballet repertory
New York City Ballet Ravel Festival |
17341934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuenbergeria%20quisqueyana | Leuenbergeria quisqueyana | Leuenbergeria quisqueyana, formerly Pereskia quisqueyana, commonly known as the Bayahibe rose, is a species of cactus that is endemic to the Dominican Republic. L. quisqueyana is one of only several cactus species which possess leaves. Its natural habitat includes subtropical or tropical dry forests that are found on the Southeast coast of Hispaniola; particularly around the town of Bayahibe, its namesake. It is critically endangered due to habitat loss.
The species was discovered by the French botanist, Henri Alain Liogier, in 1977, the description being published in 1980. He named it quisqueyana, in honor of the Dominican Republic, which is also referred to as Quisqueya. Law 146-11 of the Dominican Republic, established the Bayahibe rose as the national flower of the country and ensured its protection due to its endangered status.
Description
Leuenbergeria quisqueyana, a species of Leuenbergeria, is a dioecious cactus that resembles a shrub and reaches up to in height. Its trunk is surrounded by groups of spines which erupt in bunches. Its succulent leaves are elliptical in shape and are a bright green color. The flower of the L. quisqueyana is pink in color and blooms from the ends of its branches. Its fruits are yellow and contain black seeds.
References
Cacti
Endemic flora of the Dominican Republic
Plants described in 1980
Dioecious plants
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
26720736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf%20Bimro | Asaf Bimro | Asaf Bimro (, born 1 January 1969) is a retired Israeli long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon.
He was an Ethiopian citizen until 1984 when he emigrated to Israel. His best finishes at the European or World Championships has been a 20th place at the 2002 European Championships, an 18th place at the 2001 World Championships and a 25th place at the 2006 European Championships. He also competed at the 1995 World Championships (without finishing the race), the 1997 World Championships, the 2003 World Championships, the 2004 Olympic Games, the 2005 World Championships, the 2005 World Half Marathon Championships and the 2007 World Championships.
His personal best times are 29:49.85 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 1992 in Tel Aviv; 1:04:47 hours in the half marathon, achieved in March 1997 in Tel Aviv; and 2:14:52 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 2003 World Championships in Paris.
Achievements
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Ethiopian Jews
Ethiopian emigrants to Israel
Citizens of Israel through Law of Return
Israeli male long-distance runners
Israeli male marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Israel
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
World Athletics Championships athletes for Israel |
23579950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kane/Miller | Kane/Miller | Kane/Miller Book Publishers, Inc., now Kane Miller, A Division of EDC Publishing, is a San Diego, California-based specialty children's book publisher of international titles. The company was acquired by the Educational Development Corporation in 2008.
History
Kane Miller was started as Kane/Miller Book Publishers in 1984 by siblings Madeline Kane and Sandy Miller as a small family business, specializing in publishing children’s books from around the world for the US audience. Miller had previously been involved with importing movies from outside the United States of America, and when he had his first child, he realized the cultural benefits of also bringing in books. The publisher found success in 1993 with Tarō Gomi's Everyone Poops, a Japanese language import that sold over one million copies and is now their best-known title. By 2000, the company closed its Brooklyn, New York offices to be based solely in San Diego, California. Both Kane and Miller retired by 2001. Kira Lynn was named the new head of the company shortly thereafter. The company was acquired by Educational Development Corporation of Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 2008, at which time the line was expanded to include new works by American authors.
Today, Kane Miller, A Division of EDC Publishing, publish an assortment of board books, picture books, fiction, and nonfiction for readers from infants through middle schoolers, publishing well over 100 new books each year. Kane Miller books are sold by traditional bookstores and by the 60,000+ independent sales consultants of Usborne Books & More. They are not sold at Amazon.
Acquisition
By December 1, 2008 Kane Miller had been acquired by the Educational Development Corporation (EDC), the sole US trade publisher of the United Kingdom-based Usborne Books. According to Randall White, board chairman, CEO, and President of EDC, the integration of the two companies went smoothly. The move was well received within the publishing industry, and EDC expressed hope that it would increase sales. However, due to the late-2000s recession, sales in the 2009 fiscal year were somewhat decreased.
Products
The majority of Kane Miller's titles originate from publishers outside the US. Recently, Kane Miller began publishing stories from American authors as well, in order to diversify their offerings. The publisher's greatest commercial success was Everyone Poops by Taro Gomi, followed by Wilfrid Gordon McDonald Partridge by Australian author Mem Fox which began its publishing run in 1985, and as of 2005 was nearing one million copies sold. Another top-seller was 2004's Guji Guji by Taiwanese author Chih-Yuan Chen, which sold 65,000 copies between 2004 and 2005. The company became the US distributor of the Anna Hibiscus series by UK-based Nigerian author Atinuke in 2010. Other Kane Miller top sellers include All Better! and Good as New by Henning Löhlein and Bernd Penners, the Shine-a-Light series, and Emma Yarlett's Nibbles series.
Sales
Kane Miller books have not been sold at Amazon.com since 2012. Like other books from Educational Development Corporation, they are sold to traditional bookstores and by their direct sales division Usborne Books & More. Usborne Books & More distributes books through thousands of independent consultants who sell directly to the consumer via home shows, direct sales, book fairs, and web sites. Since shortly after their decision to stop selling to Amazon, the company's total sales have increased significantly.
References
Book publishing companies based in California
Children's book publishers
Companies based in San Diego County, California
Publishing companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in California |
26720737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly%20of%20Believers%27%20Church%20In%20India | Assembly of Believers' Church In India | The Assembly of Believers' Church In India (also known as ABC in India) is a neocharismatic Episcopal denomination in India, rooted in the Saint Thomas Christian tradition and history of Christianity in India. It was established in 1973 by Rev. Reginald Burney Clifford and now contains more than 450 churches with around 40000 members.
Assembly of Believers' Church in India is not to be confused with Believers Church, a separate church entity in Asia.
Proposal
There is a proposal to unite to form Church of India, comprising following churches:
Orthodox Catholic Church (India)
Church of South India
Church of North India
St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
Believers Eastern Church, of Metropolitan Bishop K. P. Yohannan
Life Boat Church, of Rev. P. Sumit Joshi, Life Boat Foundation India
Assembly of Believers' Church In India, of Bishop Rev. Bishop Augustus Anthony
Anglican Church of India, of Bishop Stephen Vattapara
Anglican Catholic Church (Church of India, Pakistan, Burma & Ceylon / CIPBC), of Bishop John Augustine
The Traditional Anglican Church of India, of Bishop Bishop Hepworth and Bishop Samuel. P. Prakash
Anglican National Church of India, of Bishop Jonathan Anzar
United Church of India, of Bishop Sunny Abraham Panachamootil
References
External links
Website of a youth wing of the Assembly of Believers' Church in India
Christian denominations in India
Christian organizations established in 1973
Charismatic denominations |
6909990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doem%20Bang%20Nang%20Buat%20district | Doem Bang Nang Buat district | Doem Bang Nang Buat (, ) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Suphan Buri province, central Thailand.
History
In the past, Nang Buat District covered a large area. Prince Damrong Rajanubhab and the governor of Suphan Buri agreed to separate the northernmost part and then created a new district named Doem Bang on 16 May 1911. Two tambons of Hankha district, Chai Nat province and two tambons of Bang Rachan district, Sing Buri province were added. In 1939 the government changed the district name of Nang Buat District to Sam Chuk, they decided to put the word Nang Buat after Doem Bang, so since that year the district is named Doem Bang Nang Buat.
Its name literally means 'formerly place of ordained lady', according to folklore from the Sukhothai period.
Geography
Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise): Noen Kham, Hankha and Sankhaburi of Chai Nat province; Bang Rachan and Khai Bang Rachan of Sing Buri province; Sawaeng Ha of Ang Thong province; and Sam Chuk, Nong Ya Sai and Dan Chang of Suphan Buri Province.
The main water resource of Doem Bang Nang Buat is the Tha Chin River or Suphan River.
Administration
Central administration
The district is divided into 14 subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 121 administrative villages (mubans).
Local administration
There are eight sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambons) in the district:
Pak Nam (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Pak Nam.
Thung Khli (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Thung Khli.
Nong Krathum (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nong Krathum.
Khao Phra (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-districts Khao Phra, Doem Bang.
Nang Buat (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Nang Buat.
Bo Kru (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Bo Kru.
Khao Din (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Khao Din.
Doem Bang (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Doem Bang.
There are eight sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
Khao Phra (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Khao Phra.
Nang Buat (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Nang Buat.
Khok Chang (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Khok Chang.
Hua Khao (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Hua Khao.
Hua Na (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Hua Na.
Bo Kru (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Bo Kru.
Pa Sakae (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Wang Si Rat, Pa Sakae.
Yang Non (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Yang Non.
Places
Wat Nang Buat (Thai: ) an ancient local temples that are more than 100 years old but have an unclear history.
Wat Khao Nang Buat (Thai: ) is another ancient temple of the district, believed to be the temple of Phra Ajarn Thammachote, a monk in the Ayutthaya period that was respected by the villagers of Bang Rachan. Its name is the origin of the district name.
Bueng Chawak Chaloem Phrakiet, just called Bueng Chawak (Thai: ) is a natural freshwater lake that covers 2,700 rai (430 hectares) from here to the area of Hankha District, Chai Nat Province. It is one of the province's most popular tourist attractions. The lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary area in 1983 and the government registered Bueng Chawak as an important wetland under the Ramsar Convention. Currently, there is a zoo, an aquarium with crocodiles pond, the garden of indigenous vegetables, as well as homestays in the atmosphere that is good for supporting visitors.
References
External links
amphoe.com
Doem Bang Nang Buat |
17341935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Sciandra | John Sciandra | John Sciandra (born Giovanni Sciandra, ; April 10, 1899 – September 11, 1949) was an Italian-American crime boss of the Bufalino crime family of Pennsylvania from 1933 until 1949.
Early life
Sciandra was born on April 10, 1899 in Montedoro, Sicily, to Angelo and Leonarda La Porta Sciandra. With his parents and siblings, Andrew, James and Pasqualina, he immigrated to the United States in April 1908, settling in Buffalo, New York. In 1921, he moved in Pittston, Pennsylvania, working as a coal miner; Sciandra became an enforcer and bootlegger for Bufalino crime family boss Santo Volpe. In 1928, Sciandra's cousin, Carolyn, married Russell Bufalino, future crime boss of the family.
Sciandra married Josephine Mancino, and had three sons, Joseph, John Jr. and Angelo, and one daughter.
Criminal career
Like so many crime families, they are built upon blood ties, long standing friendships and various powerful arms. The Bufalino crime family would have four very powerful members who pulled all the strings. These included Santo "King of the Night" Volpe, Angelo Polizzi, Joseph "Joe the Barber" Barbara and Sciandra. In 1933, after being questioned about his possible involvement in the murder of Samuel Wichner, Santo Volpe appointed John Sciandra as boss and quietly worked behind the scenes within the family while also devoting more attention to legitimate business. Polizzi became consigliere, maintaining this role before moving to Detroit and getting involved in organized crime in that city.
Death
Sciandra died of natural causes on September 11, 1949. He is buried in Denison Cemetery, Swoyersville, Pennsylvania.
Notes
References
1899 births
1949 deaths
American crime bosses
American gangsters of Sicilian descent
Bufalino crime family
Burials in Pennsylvania
Criminals from Pennsylvania
Italian emigrants to the United States
Italian crime bosses
People from Buffalo, New York
People from Montedoro
People from Pittston, Pennsylvania
Gangsters from the Province of Caltanissetta |
26720744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon%20Network%20%28Spanish%20TV%20channel%29 | Cartoon Network (Spanish TV channel) | Cartoon Network was a Spanish pay television channel operated by Warner Bros. Discovery under its International division. Launched on 4 March 1994, it is a Spanish equivalent to the original American network, the channel primarily airs animated programming.
Besides being available in Castilian Spanish, most shows were also available in English via a secondary audio feed.
History
In 1993, Cartoon Network had a single European signal distributed via the Astra satellite, and already had five audios in different languages. On 4 March 1994 (although Turner initially said it would happen before the end of 1993) the sixth language of the channel was incorporated: Spanish. Later, the channel was also incorporated into Spanish cable networks. In 1997, Canal Satélite Digital signed an agreement with Time Warner in which, apart from obtaining rights from the production company, it also benefited from the entry of Cartoon Network and TNT in its offer. The channel was broadcast in the majority of pay TV companies, in some including the Cartoon Network +1 channel, with the same programming, but one hour later. In addition, a magazine called Cartoon Network Magazine was published, but it did not manage the channel, since the license belonged to another owner.
Channel Shutdown
Turner Broadcasting System Europe announced on 14 June 2013 that Cartoon Network and Cartoonito would close in Spain on 30 June 2013. On 20 June, it was published on the blog of the Cartoon Network website the cessation of its television broadcasts, but nothing that the website would remain active, as it came to have a television on demand (VOD) service for tablets, smartphones or televisions connected to the Internet in which viewers could watch the series and content of the channel. It was also explained that these contents would also be available on the channel's website, and that Turner would increase its presence in Boing, the children's thematic channel of the audiovisual group Mediaset España Comunicación, with which it has a joint venture in the aforementioned station.
Shortly before midnight on 1 July 2013, the channel ceased broadcasting in Spain after 20 years, with the last programme to be aired being an episode of Star Wars: The Clone Wars. The channel then displayed a filler ident, and after a few minutes, each operator that distributed the signal replaced it with an information screen informing customers that the channel stopped broadcasting in Spain. Months later, at the end of August, the channel Boing announced that from 14 September every weekend the station would broadcast a block of content called "Findes Cartoon Network" which would broadcast new episodes of Adventure Time and new episodes of Regular Show from 10:30.
References
External links
Cartoon Network
Turner Broadcasting System Spain
Defunct television channels in Spain
Television channels and stations established in 1994
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013
1994 establishments in Spain
2013 disestablishments in Spain |
23579951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway%20Trail%20Iron%20Bridge | Gateway Trail Iron Bridge | The Gateway Trail Iron Bridge is a historic camelback truss bridge on the Gateway State Trail in Stillwater Township, Minnesota, United States. The bridge has stood in three locations in Minnesota. Its main span was built of wrought iron in 1873—before steel became the preferred material for metal bridges—and erected in Sauk Centre in Central Minnesota. Designated Bridge No. 5721, it was refurbished and moved in 1937 to rural Koochiching County in northern Minnesota, where it became known as the Silverdale Bridge. It was relocated to its present site in east-central Minnesota in 2011 and renamed Bridge No. 82524. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 for its state-level significance in engineering. It was nominated as a rare example of a wrought iron truss bridge with ornamental detailing.
Description
The historic main span of the Gateway Trail Iron Bridge is a camelback through truss of pin-connected wrought iron. It spans in eight panels. Its bracing members are decorated with ornamental latticework. It originally had a wood deck but was given a lightweight concrete deck during the 2011 relocation to accommodate equestrian use. The side railings were retained from its 1937 iteration, though respaced according to modern safety standards. Although it was a visual departure from its historic appearance, cables were strung above the railings to protect horseback riders and bicyclists from being thrown off the bridge in the case of an accident.
History
The bridge was originally constructed over the Sauk River in the city of Sauk Centre. It was completed in 1873, accommodating horse and buggy traffic on the town's Main Street. At some point it was dismantled and put into storage in Sauk Centre.
In 1937 the bridge was taken out of storage and reassembled at , about two miles southwest of Silverdale in Koochiching County. There it carried Minnesota State Highway 65 over the Little Fork River. Steel, which had come into favor for bridges in the 1890s, was used for the new approaches on either end. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Bridge No. 5721" in 1998.
Within a few years, however, it was clear that Bridge 5721 was insufficient for the demands of modern traffic, particularly the logging trucks common in northern Minnesota. An analysis in 2006 determined that the bridge was insufficient for highway use but retained its historic design integrity and was a candidate for rehabilitation in a less rigorous context. The Minnesota Department of Transportation collaborated with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources to determine possible new locations. One was identified on the Gateway State Trail where the rail trail intersected a county highway on a level crossing. Bridge 5721 was dismantled in 2009 and put in storage while the new site was prepared. In May 2011 the reassembled truss was hoisted into place. It now serves pedestrians, bicyclists, and horses much as it did in its first incarnation.
See also
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Minnesota
References
External links
Gateway Trail Iron Bridge
2011 establishments in Minnesota
Bridges completed in 1873
Bridges completed in 2011
Transportation buildings and structures in Washington County, Minnesota
Former road bridges in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Minnesota
Pedestrian bridges in Minnesota
Relocated buildings and structures in Minnesota
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Truss bridges in the United States
Wrought iron bridges in the United States |
26720753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20L.%20Simpson%20Jr. | Robert L. Simpson Jr. | Dr. Robert L. Simpson Jr. is a computer scientist whose primary research interest is applied artificial intelligence. He served as Chief Scientist at Applied Systems Intelligence, Inc. (ASI) working with Dr. Norman D. Geddes, CEO. Dr. Simpson was responsible for the creation of the ASI core technology PreAct. ASI has since changed its name to Veloxiti Inc.
Background
Before joining ASI, Simpson was the principal investigator (PI) at IET for a DARPA-sponsored project evaluating cognitive systems under the Personalized Assistants that Learn program. Before joining IET, Simpson worked at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) as a principal research scientist. He was Co-PI on an ARDA-funded GTRI research project called “Case-Based Reasoning for Knowledge Discovery". This project discovered and made explicit in software the knowledge discovery plans and meta-information about those plans that intelligence analysts implicitly use in performing their analysis tasks. Another project at GTRI was a study of Internet Voting that included technical as well as policy issues such as data privacy and security.
Simpson also investigated the representation and use of meta-data in a DARPA interoperability program called FastC2AP. The Fast Connectivity for Coalition and Agents Project (FastC2AP) proved that agent-based technology can provide key capabilities identified by users as critical for dynamic interoperability in military architectures.
Simpson is often credited with the primary original research and development for Case Based Reasoning (CBR), a class of artificial intelligence.
Time with NCR Corp
During his ten years with NCR Corporation, Simpson served as a member of NCR’s Corporate Technology staff focused on strategic technology investments. Simpson was also the Director at NCR’s Human Interface Technology Center (HITC). From 1998-2000, Simpson participated on the NCR Privacy Steering Committee, was chairman of the NCR technical workshop on security, privacy and trust as well as NCR representative to the World-Wide Web Standards Committee Privacy Outreach Committee.
Simpson was also instrumental in the formation of the International Security Trust and Privacy Alliance a global alliance of companies and technology providers working together to clarify and resolve existing and evolving issues related to security, trust, and privacy. His key technical accomplishments while at the NCR HITC were establishing technical initiatives in intelligent software agents, image understanding, case-based reasoning, and spoken language. His key business accomplishments were in establishing customer relationships with AT&T Health Informatics and Telemedicine as well as internal NCR retail and financial business units. In addition, Simpson was able to establish the national technical reputation of the NCR HITC by successfully competing for three large national research and development contracts totaling over $90M. The most significant of these was the award of two DARPA Technology Reinvestment Projects and one National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Advanced Technology Program grant.
USAF
During his USAF career Simpson participated in and directed a broad range of computer related projects spanning research, data processing, and personnel development. Between 1985 and 1990, he was the Program Manager for Machine Intelligence at DARPA. He was responsible for research investment decisions within DARPA's basic science and Strategic Computing programs. Specifically he was responsible for developing the national technology base in knowledge-based systems, image understanding, automated planning/design, and machine learning technologies. Some of the results of these research and development activities were highlighted in a series of articles in the June and August, 1991 and February, 1992 issues of IEEE Expert.
Simpson retired from the USAF as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1990.
Major publications
1. Simpson, Robert; Rouff, Christopher; Roberts, Joe and Edwards, Gary. “An Autonomic System for Close Air Support.” In Proceedings of Sixth IEEE Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems, San Francisco, CA. April 14–16, 2009.
2. Simpson, Robert and Twardy, Charles. “Refining the Cognitive Decathlon.” In Proceedings of Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Systems – PerMIS08. Aug 19-21, 2008, NIST, Bethesda, MD.
3. Whitaker, Elizabeth and Simpson, Robert. “The Evolution and Evaluation of an Internet Search Tool for Information Analysts,” In Proceedings of 20th Annual FLAIRS Conference, Key West, FL., 7–9 May 2007.
4. Whitaker, Elizabeth; Simpson, Robert; Burkhart, Laura; MacTavish, Reid and Lobb, Collin. “Cognitive Factors in Homeland Defense: Reusing Intelligence Analysts’ Search Plans.” In Proceedings of Human Factors and Ergonomics '04, New Orleans, LA., 20–24 September 2004.
5. Whitaker, Elizabeth and Simpson, Robert. “Case-Based Reasoning in Support of Intelligence Analysis,” In Proceedings of 17th Annual FLAIRS Conference, Miami, FL., 17–19 May 2004.
6. Whitaker, Elizabeth and Simpson, Robert. “Case-Based Reasoning for Knowledge Discovery,” In Proceedings of Human Factors and Ergonomics '03, Denver, CO., 13–17 October 2003.
7. Mark, William and Simpson, Robert L. “Knowledge-Based Systems: An Overview,” IEEE Expert, Vol. 6 Number 3, June 1991; pp. 12–17.
8. Simpson, Robert L. “Computer Vision: An Overview,” IEEE Expert, Vol. 6 Number 4, August 1991; pp. 11–15.
9. Barber, J., Bhatta, S., Goel, A., Jacobson, M., Pearce, M., Penberthy, L., Shankar, M., Simpson, R. & Stroulia, E. 1992 AskJef: Integration of case-based and multimedia technologies for interface design support. In Gero, J. S., editor, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’92, pp. 457–474. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
10. Griffith, A, Simpson, R. and Blatt, L. “Interface Lab: A Case-Based Interface Design Assistant,” In Proceedings of CAIA '94, San Antonio, 1–4 March. 1994, IEEE Computer Society Press.
11. Simpson, Robert L., “DOD Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Success and Prospects,” Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Applications of Artificial Intelligence VI, Vol. 937, 1988.
12. Simpson, Robert L., “Applications of AI Capability,” SIGNAL, 1986.
13. Simpson, Robert L., “A Computer Model of Case-Based Reasoning in Problem Solving: An Investigation in the Domain of Dispute Mediation,” Report #GIT-ICS-85/18, School of Information and Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, June, 1985.
14. Kolodner, J.; Simpson, R; and Sycara, K., “A Process Model of Case-Based Reasoning in Problem Solving,” Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 284–290; Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, Inc., August, 1985.
15. Kolodner, J.; Simpson, R., “The MEDIATOR: Analysis of an Early Case-Based Problem Solver,” Cognitive Science, Vol. 13, Number 4, October–December, 1989, pp. 507–549.
16. Kolodner, J.; Simpson, R., “Experience and Problem Solving: A Framework.” In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, CO, 1984.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Artificial intelligence researchers
American scientists |
6909994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20DePasqua | Carl DePasqua | Carl A. DePasqua (October 28, 1927 – September 15, 2021) was an American football player and coach. DePasqua was an assistant coach at the University of Pittsburgh under head coach John Michelosen. He later served as the head football coach at Waynesburg University from 1966 to 1967 and at Pittsburgh from 1969 to 1972, compiling a career college football record of 32–30. His Waynesburg Yellow Jackets won the NAIA Football National Championship in 1966.
Coaching career
DePasqua was an assistant coach at the University of Pittsburgh from 1958 until the firing of head coach John Michelosen after the 1965 season. DePasqua was the head football coach at the Waynesburg University in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. He held that position for the 1966 and 1967 seasons. His coaching record at Waynesburg was 19–1. In 1968, DePasqua served as an assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers before returning to the University of Pittsburgh as head football coach in 1969. His Panther teams did turn in convincing wins against powerhouse teams such as West Virginia and Syracuse and posted a competitive season in 1970. His record at Pittsburgh was 13–29, with a winning percentage of .
Death
His death was announced on September 17, 2021.
Head coaching record
References
1927 births
2021 deaths
Pittsburgh Panthers football coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
Waynesburg Yellow Jackets football coaches
Sportspeople from Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania |
17341937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton%20Pheung%20district | Ton Pheung district | Ton Pheung is a district (muang) of Bokeo province in northwestern Laos. The district lies in northwest Laos and borders Tachileik district of Burma and Chiang Saen district and Chiang Khong district of Chiang Rai province, Thailand.
History
Given its location, the district has been the center of much conflict in the past. A dispute broke out in 1999 over Thai farmers cultivating on district lands and on 25 February 2008 an attack broke out on the Burmese border involving Burmese drug lords.
Economy
The district economy and also that of Bokeo Province is now dominated by the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone (GT SEZ) in Ton Pheung District. In 2007, Kings Romans Group, owned by well-connected Chinese husband and wife Zhao Wei and Su Guiqin, entered into a 99 year lease for 10,000 hectares on the banks of the Mekong. The company was granted 3,000 of these hectares as a duty-free zone, now the SEZ. As gambling is illegal in China, and the SEZ is only a two-hour journey by road from China, casinos and hotels catering to a Chinese clientele were built. A robust industry involving trafficking in endangered animals has grown up around the Chinese tourist trade. In January 2018, the US Treasury Department announced sanctions against what it called Zhao’s transnational criminal organisation, engaging in illicit activities, including human trafficking and child prostitution, drug trafficking and wildlife trafficking.
Settlements
Ban Aychai
Ban Ayseng
Ban Bo-Mai
Ban Chaboti
Ban Chacho
Ban Chado
Ban Chaibo
Ban Chakham
Ban Chakhu
Ban Chalo
Ban Chap
Ban Chauva
Ban Ghapa
Ban Hali Tia
Ban Ho
Ban Houapo
Ban Houayboulao
Ban Houaynamnga
Ban Kang
Ban Kokka
Ban Koung
Ban Kouy
Ban Kouychakhu
Ban Lohi
Ban Mai
Ban Mai-Muangkhon
Ban Meo Noua Nam Lave
Ban Meung
Ban Meung Hong
Ban Muanghoung
Ban Muangkang-Nua
Ban Namhoy
Ban Namkhali
Ban Namkhayao
Ban Namlem
Ban Nong Kha
Ban Oko
Ban Pan Po Boung
Ban Paxot
Ban Pbangoua
Ban Phagnalouaogkhamping
Ban Phangoua
Ban Phoulao
Ban Sen
Ban Senphonuang
Ban Sen Po Meung
Ban Ta Hou
Ban Taxoum-Mai
Ban Thakate
Ban Tolo
Ban Tongpalang
Ban Tongpot
Ban Xang
Ban Xiang
Ban Xiangkheng
Khas Khouis
Mugne
References
Districts of Bokeo province |
23579967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaw%20Gizewiusz | Gustaw Gizewiusz | Gustaw Herman Marcin Gizewiusz, or Gustav Gisevius (May 21, 1810 – May 7, 1848) was a Polish political figure, folklorist, and translator. He was married to a Mazur Polish woman, who encouraged him to become a political figure. He was born in Pisz (Johannisburg). From 1835 he was also an Evangelical-Lutheran pastor in Ostróda.
In the 19th century a Polish national revival begun in the areas of the partitioned state as well as in those territories that were lost to Poland before the partitions (Silesia, Farther Pomerania). In Masurian area - which was under Polish suzerainty until the 17th century - there was a Polish linguistic, though not yet widespread political revival.
The local Prussian authorities were hostile to the movement and, beginning in the 1830s, attempted to eradicate the Polish language from schools in Masuria. The authorities' efforts however failed to bring the effects expected by the Prussian state. The defending action of the Polish population during the first half of the 19th century was led by Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongowiusz and Gizewiusz who became involved in the movement to counteract Germanization in Masuria. He encouraged the Mazurs to maintain their Polish language and culture by publishing Polish-language texts for use in schools. He also recorded Mazurian folk songs which were later published in Oskar Kolberg's Dzieła Wszystkie. He died in Ostróda (Osterode). In his honor, Łuczany (Lec, Lötzen), his ancestor's hometown, was renamed Giżycko.
Further reading
Sławomir Augusiewicz, Janusz Jasiński, Tadeusz Oracki, Wybitni Polacy w Królewcu. XV-XX wiek, Olsztyn, Littera, 2005,
References
1810 births
1848 deaths
People from Pisz
Polish Lutheran clergy
Polish Lutherans
Polish folklorists
People from East Prussia
People from Ostróda |
26720764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yochai%20Halevi | Yochai Halevi | Yochai Halevi (; born 10 May 1982) is an Israeli long jumper and triple jumper.
Halevi is Jewish. He competed at the 2009 World Championships without reaching the final. His personal best long jump is 7.99 metres, achieved in May 2010 in Tel Aviv. His personal best triple jump is 16.81 metres, achieved in July 2011 in Tel Aviv.
Competition record
See also
List of Israeli records in athletics
References
1982 births
Living people
Israeli male long jumpers
Israeli male triple jumpers
Jewish male athletes (track and field)
Israeli Jews |
23579971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanischer%20Schulgarten%20Burg | Botanischer Schulgarten Burg | The Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (7.5 hectares) is a botanical garden for students maintained by the municipal Schulbiologiezentrum Hannover organization. It is located at Vinnhorster Weg 2, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany, and open weekdays.
The garden was established in 1927 to provide practical botany experiences to students. As of 1974 it became headquarters of the Schulbiologiezentrum Hannover, which also maintains schools in three other locations (Freiluftschule Burg, Zooschule Hannover, Botanischer Schulgarten Linden).
Its grounds contain a range of habitats including ponds, alder and birch groves, deciduous forest, and meadow, in which students can understand scientific and environmental topics. It also contains theme gardens as follows: genetics and evolution, herbs, vegetables, fruit, aromatic plants, geographic garden, sun and energy, small organic experiments, and insects. The garden's perennial nursery (1500 m²) raises plants for school gardens, including a tropical greenhouse (200 m²) cultivating rainforest plants.
See also
List of botanical gardens in Germany
References
Botanischer Schulgarten Burg
Schulbiologiezentrum Hannover
BGCI entry
Botanischer Schulgarten Burg
Botanischer Schulgarten Burg
Geography of Hanover
Tourist attractions in Hanover
Buildings and structures in Hanover |
6910004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20End%20of%20Violence | The End of Violence | The End of Violence is a 1997 drama film by the German director Wim Wenders. The film's cast includes Bill Pullman, Andie MacDowell, Gabriel Byrne, Traci Lind, Rosalind Chao, and Loren Dean, among others. It also features a soundtrack marked with the signature sounds of Wenders regulars Jon Hassell, Ry Cooder, and Bono. The film was praised by a select few critics for its cinematography, but performed poorly in the box office. It was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.
The movie had a budget of $5 million, but only received $386,673 in its domestic box office.
Like many other of Wenders' American movies, the film was shot in multiple locations, for instance the Griffith Observatory in Griffith Park and the Santa Monica Pier.
A scene in the film shows a live recreation of the painting Nighthawks by Edward Hopper.
Synopsis
Movie producer Mike Max meditates on the paranoia of fear of attack, in the movie business and life in general, as his wife Paige announces she is leaving him. He receives a document via email from a NASA employee he met earlier at a conference. Before opening it he is kidnapped and almost killed, a scene captured by surveillance cameras and witnessed by computer scientist Ray Bering on surveillance footage scene in his laboratory at the Griffith Observatory. However, it soon turns out the two men have been shot, Max has escaped and now is accused of killing them. He takes shelter with, and goes to work for, the Mexican gardeners who find him and they help him investigate who is trying to kill him and why. Bering, who originally sent Max the email and recognized Max in the surveillance footage, has a conversation with an intelligence agent who makes it clear that anyone who gets in the way of a new “anti-crime” satellite surveillance program not yet approved by Congress will be dealt with terminally. Detective Dean Brock suspects Max is not a killer and on a tip meets with Bering, who is assassinated by a gunshot as they begin to speak. Max gives up his business and money to his wife and the movie ends as he meditates on how a real attack has freed him from paranoia.
Cast
Traci Lind - Cat
Rosalind Chao - Claire
Bill Pullman - Mike Max
Andie MacDowell - Paige Stockard
K. Todd Freeman - Six O One
Gabriel Byrne - Ray Bering
Chris Douridas - Technician
Pruitt Taylor Vince - Frank Cray
John Diehl - Lowell Lewis
Soledad St. Hilaire - Anita
Nicole Ari Parker - Ade (as Nicole Parker)
Daniel Benzali - Brice Phelps
Samuel Fuller - Louis Bering (as Sam Fuller)
Loren Dean - Detective Dean Brock
Marshall Bell - Sheriff Call
Frederic Forrest - Ranger MacDermot
Marisol Padilla Sánchez - Mathilda
Michael Massee as Guy in the bar
Reception
The End of Violence received some negative reviews from critics. It holds a 29% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 34 reviews.
Writing in Time Out New York, Andrew Johnston (critic) observed: "Many of Wenders's best films have been road movies and Violence qualifies as one thanks to all the time the characters spend on L.A.'s freeways. Like Robert Altman's Short Cuts (which it resembles in a lot of ways), it cleverly exploits its Southern California locale and offers a truly challenging analysis of American life."
See also
List of films featuring surveillance
References
External links
1997 films
Films directed by Wim Wenders
1997 drama films
American drama films
Films scored by Ry Cooder
Films about security and surveillance
Films set in the United States
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
American films |
23579980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornea%20plana | Cornea plana | Cornea plana may refer to:
Cornea plana 1, an eye condition
Cornea plana 2, an eye condition |
17341939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria%20Coleman | Gloria Coleman | Gloria Coleman (died February 18, 2010) was an American musician.
Coleman played bass, piano then organ. As a jazz organist she released two albums. The first, Soul Sisters, by the Gloria Coleman Quartet was for the Impulse! Records label. It featured drummer Pola Roberts, Leo Wright and Grant Green. It was produced by Bob Thiele. The second album featured Ray Copeland, Dick Griffith, James Anderson, Earl Dunbar and Charlie Davis.
Coleman wrote many songs for Bobbi Humphrey and Ernestine Anderson, among others.
Coleman married saxophonist George Coleman. The couple had two children and divorced. She died on February 18, 2010.
Discography
As leader
Soul Sisters (Impulse!, 1963) with Pola Roberts
Sings And Swings Organ (Mainstream, 1965)
Sweet Missy (Doodlin', 2007)
As sidewoman
With Leo Wright
Soul Talk (Vortex, 1963 [rel. 1970])
With Hank Crawford
Groove Master (Milestone, 1990)
With Nat Simpkins
Cookin' with Some Barbecue (Muse, 1994)
References
External links
Full Biography
Musicians from New York City
American jazz organists
Women organists
2010 deaths
Year of birth missing
Jazz musicians from New York (state) |
6910006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakadagami | Sakadagami | In Buddhism, the Sakadāgāmin (Pali; Sanskrit: Sakṛdāgāmin, ), "returning once" or "once-returner," is a partially enlightened person, who has cut off the first three chains with which the ordinary mind is bound, and significantly weakened the fourth and fifth. Sakadagaminship is the second stage of the four stages of enlightenment.
The Sakadagami will be reborn into the realm of the senses at most once more. If, however, they attain the next stage of enlightenment (Anagamiship) in this life, they will not come back to this world.
The three specific chains or fetters (Pali: ) of which the Sakadagamin is free are:
1. (Pali) - Belief in self
2. Sīlabbata-parāmāsa (Pali) - Attachment to rites and rituals
3. Vicikicchā (Pali) - Skeptical doubtThe Sakadagami also significantly weakened the chains of:
4. Kāma-rāga (Pali) - Sensuous craving
5. Byāpāda (Pali) - Ill-will
Thus, the Sakadagamin is an intermediate stage between the Sotapanna, who still has comparatively strong sensuous desire and ill-will, and the Anagami, who is completely free from sensuous desire and ill-will. A Sakadagami's mind is very pure. Thoughts connected with greed, hatred and delusion do not arise often, and when they do, do not become obsessive.
See also
Four stages of enlightenment
Fetters (Buddhism)
Notes
Sources
Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
Buddhist titles
Buddhist stages of enlightenment |
26720771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog%20%28You%20Me%20at%20Six%20song%29 | Underdog (You Me at Six song) | "Underdog" is the second single by English rock band You Me at Six written by Sam Moss, to be released from their second album: Hold Me Down. "Underdog" was released on 8 February 2010 and charted at a peak of #49 on the UK Singles Chart, marking the band's sixth most successful single to date. The single was added to BBC Radio 1's A Playlist during January 2010.
Music video
The music video for Underdog was shot at Brixton Academy in December 2009 and was directed by Nick Bartlett.
The music video is a mix of performance shots and a storyline where a ballerina is cheated on by her boyfriend with someone else. The ballerina then performs a routine. When she returns she kisses her boyfriend in front of the one he cheated with, who leaves. The ballerina then walks away, leaving him with no girl.
Track listing
Charts
"Underdog" debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 49 on 14 February 2010, marking the band's third most successful single behind "Finders Keepers" and "Kiss And Tell" which peaked at number 33 and 42 in May and September 2009 respectively. "Underdog" also marks the bands' fifth Top 10 single to date. On its second week in the chart, the single fell 41 places to number 90, before falling out the following week.
Certifications
In popular culture
The song is featured in the soundtrack of Horrid Henry: The Movie, released in 2011.
References
2010 singles
You Me at Six songs
2010 songs
Virgin Records singles |
23579981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary%20Clooney%20Sings%20the%20Lyrics%20of%20Ira%20Gershwin | Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin | Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin is a 1979 album by Rosemary Clooney, of songs with lyrics by Ira Gershwin.
Track listing
"But Not for Me" – 5:47
"Nice Work If You Can Get It" – 2:58
"How Long Has This Been Going On?" – 4:58
"Fascinating Rhythm" – 2:56
"Love Is Here to Stay" – 3:48
"Strike Up the Band" – 3:46
"Long Ago (and Far Away)" (Jerome Kern) – 4:24
"They All Laughed" – 4:05
"The Man that Got Away" (Harold Arlen) – 6:00
"They Can't Take That Away from Me" – 3:29
All lyrics by Ira Gershwin, all music by George Gershwin, other composers noted.
Personnel
Rosemary Clooney - vocal
Scott Hamilton - tenor saxophone
Warren Vaché - cornet, flugelhorn
Roger Glenn - flute
Cal Collins - guitar
Nat Pierce - piano
Chris Amberger - double bass
Jeff Hamilton - drums
References
1979 albums
Concord Records albums
George and Ira Gershwin tribute albums
Rosemary Clooney albums |
17341962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Dynamics | Eagle Dynamics | Eagle Dynamics is a software company originally founded by Igor Tishin in 1991, founded in Moscow, Russia and now headquartered in Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
History
Founded in 1991 by Nick Gray and Igor Tishin, the company teamed up with publisher Strategic Simulations (SSI) to produce its first game, a combat flight simulator. Released in November 1995, Su-27 Flanker offered players the opportunity to engage in combat aboard the eponymous aircraft over the Crimean peninsula.
Flanker 2.0 was released in 1999. Developers have incorporated better graphics, training missions, multiplayer, and the naval variant of the Su-27, the Sukhoi Su-33, into this release. The theater of operations remained limited to Crimea. Although graphically very accomplished, the game had a significant number of bugs.
In 2019, one of the company's developers, Oleg Tishchenko, was extradited from Georgia to the United States on charges of illegally acquiring documentation for an F-16 fighter and smuggling its technical manuals to Moscow. In June 2019, Tishchenko returned home. He was sentenced by the Utah District Court to a term of 12 months and 1 day. But since the term of his conviction had already been served during the investigation period, after the trial, Oleg was released for immediate deportation from the United States.
Combat Flight Simulators
Eagle Dynamics has developed a number of combat flight simulators with each iteration becoming a more and more detailed iteration. DCS: Black Shark was the first simulator to feature a fully functional cockpit with a near total simulation of all onboard systems including sensors, controls and interfaces. It was paired with a "game" version of the simulator which was less complex and more in line with Eagle Dynamic's previous products. Ka-50: Black shark also launched under a new title, Digital Combat Simulator, to indicate this increased level of fidelity. After this Eagle Dynamics has primarily developed high fidelity aircraft under the DCS label. In 2012 DCS upgraded to DCS: World which allowed players to use all of their owned DCS aircraft simulators plus Flaming Cliffs 3 in a single program as modules and allowed connecting to others online using any number of modules at the same time. DCS: World also marked the start of Eagle Dynamics publishing flight simulators developed by third parties such as Belsimtek's UH-1H Huey. DCS is also developed in tandem with The Battle Simulator (TBS) which is a simulator sold typically to government clients for use in pilot training programs and has developed trainers for the A-10C Suite 5.1 and AC-130 gunner controls and sensor systems which was also used in training drone pilots.
1995: Su-27 Flanker
2002: Flanker 2.5
2003: Lock On: Modern Air Combat
2008: DCS: Black Shark
2011: DCS: A-10C Warthog
2011: DCS: Black Shark 2
2012: DCS: world
2012: DCS: P-51D Mustang
2013: DCS: UH-1H huey
Additional DCS: World Aircraft
Eagle Dynamics has continued to develop both fixed and rotary-wing aircraft to expand the catalogue of products for DCS: World. While a large majority of the aircraft developed by Eagle Dynamics feature significant modeling detail and the presence of mostly/fully-interactable cockpits, aircraft published as a part of Flaming Cliffs 3 do not feature clickable cockpits. The following listed aircraft are developed and published by Eagle Dynamics and 3rd Parties as modules for DCS: World.
DCS: A-6E Intruder (planned)
DCS: A-7E Corsair II (in development)
DCS: A-10A (featured in Flaming Cliffs 3)
DCS: A-10C Warthog
DCS: A-10C II Tank Killer (offered additionally as an upgrade for owners of the A-10C Warthog)
DCS: A-29B Supertucano (in progress)
DCS: AJS-37 Viggen
DCS: AV-8B Night Attack V/STOL
DCS: AH-64D
DCS: Bf 109 K-4 Kurfürst
DCS: Black Shark 3 (in progress)
DCS: BO-105 PAH1A1 (in progress)
DCS: C-101 Aviojet
DCS: Christen Eagle II
DCS: Eurofighter (in progress)
DCS: F4U-1D (in progress)
DCS: F-4 Phantom (in progress)
DCS: F-5E Tiger II
DCS: F-8 Crusader (in progress)
DCS: F-14 Tomcat
DCS: F-15C (featured in Flaming Cliffs 3)
DCS: F-15E (in progress)
DCS: F-16C Viper
DCS: F/A-18C Hornet
DCS: F-86F Sabre
DCS: Fw 190 A-8
DCS: Fw 190 D-9 Dora
DCS: G-91R (in progress)
DCS: I-16
DCS: IA-58 Pucara (in progress)
DCS: JF-17 Thunder
DCS: L-39 Albatros
DCS: M-2000C
DCS: MB-339 (in progress)
DCS: Mirage F1 (in progress)
DCS: Mi-8 MTV2 Magnificent Eight
DCS: Mig-15Bis
DCS: MiG-19P Farmer
DCS: MiG-21bis
DCS: MiG-23 MLA Flogger (in progress)
DCS: Mig-29 (featured in Flaming Cliffs 3)
DCS: OH-58 Kiowa (in progress)
DCS: P-47D Thunderbolt
DCS: SA342 Gazelle
DCS: Spitfire LF Mk IX
DCS: Su-25A (featured in Flaming Cliffs 3)
DCS: Su-27S (featured in Flaming Cliffs 3)
DCS: Su-33 (featured in Flaming Cliffs 3)
DCS: Mi-24P HIND
DCS: Mosquito FB VI
DCS: Yak-52
Additional Content for DCS: World
In addition to a wide catalogue of aircraft simulators, Eagle Dynamics and 3rd Parties develops and publishes a multitude of add-ons for DCS: World. These include but are not limited to: maps, navigation systems for existing aircraft, numerous campaigns for specific aircraft, a combined arms expansion, and an aircraft carrier enhancement expansion.
Map Add-ons
DCS: Marianas (free to all players)
DCS: Marianas WW2 (free to all players) (in progress)
DCS: NEVADA Test and Training Range
DCS: Normandy 1944
DCS: Persian Gulf
DCS: South Atlantic Map
DCS: Syria
DCS: The Channel
Functionality Add-ons
DCS: Combined Arms
NS 430 Navigation System (available as pop-up window for aircraft without advanced navigation systems)
Integrated NS 430 Navigation Systems for the SA342 Gazelle, Mi-8MTV2, L-39C, C-101CC, C-101EB (players must own the NS 430 system already, and the respective aircraft)
DCS: Supercarrier
DCS: WW2 Assets Pack
Evolution of the Black Sea Theater
Since its first productions, Eagle Dynamics has systematically included a theater of operations located on the shores of the Black Sea. Its scope has evolved significantly over the company's publications.
References
Video game companies of Russia
Software companies of Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Combat flight simulators
Russian brands |
23579994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Elizabeth%20railway%20station | Port Elizabeth railway station | Port Elizabeth railway station is a railway station, located in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
In 1873, Prime Minister John Molteno of the Cape Colony commenced work on connecting Port Elizabeth to the developing national railway network, resulting in the station complex being located in the historic central district, near the harbour. The prosperity which followed the construction of railways to the interior earned for the port the designation of "the Liverpool of South Africa."
Passenger services operating from the station include:
Metrorail - operates frequent commuter trains to Uitenhage and the surrounding suburbs during weekdays, with a reduced service over weekends
Shosholoza Meyl - operates daily inter-city trains to Johannesburg and Bloemfontein. You can also get to Cape Town, Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg and Durban (by changing trains in Bloemfontein), to East London (by changing trains in Noupoort, Colesberg or Bloemfontein), to Mthatha (by changing trains in Noupoort and Amabele) or to Grahamstown (by changing trains in Alicedale)
Premier Classe - operates twice-weekly luxury trains to Cape Town via George and Oudtshoorn.
The Apple Express narrow-gauge tourist train to Avontuur operates from the separate station in Humewood Road near King's Beach. It departs regularly for Thornhill Village via a rail bridge over the Van Stadens River, the highest narrow-gauge rail bridge in the world.
See also
Donkin Heritage Trail
References
Railway
Transport in Port Elizabeth
Metrorail (South Africa) stations
Shosholoza Meyl stations |
17341964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Trinity%20Western%20University%20people | List of Trinity Western University people | This is a list of people associated with Trinity Western University in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Carolyn Arends, musician, songwriter, and author
Jonathan Auxier, children's author
Paul Chamberlain, professor of philosophy at Trinity Western
Roger Cross, television and screen actor
Deborah Grey, former Member of Parliament, former acting Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)
Bernie Herms, musician, producer, and composer (husband of Natalie Grant)
Paul Janz, philosophy professor, former international musician
Brie King, professional volleyball player and musician.
Damien C. Kurek, Member of Parliament, Battle River-Crowfoot
Dane Lloyd, Infantry Officer, Member of Parliament, Sturgeon River-Parkland
Grant McNally, former Member of Parliament
Chaim Schalk, Olympic and professional beach volleyball player
Chuck Strahl, former Member of Parliament, Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
Mark Strahl, Member of Parliament
Tara Teng, abolitionist and beauty pageant winner
Ryan Walter, former NHL player, former assistant coach of the Vancouver Canucks; now motivational speaker, author and leadership expert
Mark Warawa, Member of Parliament, former Parliamentary Secretary
Phillip H. Wiebe, professor of philosophy and religious studies at Trinity Western
Bob Zimmer, Member of Parliament, Prince George-Peace River-Northern Rockies
people
Trinity Western University
Trinity Western University |
6910023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Chuk%20district | Sam Chuk district | Sam Chuk (, ) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Suphan Buri province, central Thailand.
History
Originally the district name was Nang Buat. In 1911 when the government separated part of Nang Buat District and established Doem Bang district, it also moved the district office to Ban Sam Pheng, Tambon Sam Chuk. In 1939 the district name was changed to Sam Chuk as the central tambon.
Geography
Neighbouring districts are (from the south clockwise): Si Prachan, Don Chedi, Nong Ya Sai and Doem Bang Nang Buat of Suphan Buri Province, and Sawaeng Ha of Ang Thong province.
The main water resource of Sam Chuk is the Tha Chin River or Suphan river.
Economy
Thailand's Sam Chuk community and Old Market District along the Tha Chin River was granted an Award of Merit in the 2009 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation. Local residents formed a Sam Chuk Market Conservation Committee. They preserved what they received from their ancestors and restored 19 local buildings, adapting the old style architecture described in Thai as khanompang khing ('ginger bread') style, into a contemporary market.
Administration
Central administration
Sam Chuk is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 68 administrative villages (mubans).
Local administration
There is one sub-district municipality (thesaban tambon) in the district:
Sam Chuk (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Sam Chuk and parts of sub-districts Yan Yao and Krasiao.
There are six sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
Yan Yao (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Yan Yao.
Wang Luek (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Wang Luek.
Nong Phak Nak (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nong Phak Nak.
Ban Sa (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Ban Sa.
Nong Sadao (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nong Sadao.
Krasiao (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Krasiao.
In media
Sam Chuk was cited in the 2009 same name Thai film as a backdrop of whole story and a location for filming. The film is based on the true story that happened here about a group of boy students who are involved in drugs, directed by Tanit Jitnukul.
References
External links
amphoe.com
Sam Chuk |
17341965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%20Hill%20Archeological%20Site%2C%20RI-655 | Pine Hill Archeological Site, RI-655 | Pine Hill Archeological Site, RI-655 is a prehistoric archaeological site on Prudence Island in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The site's principal feature is a coastal shell midden dating to the Late Woodland period. Finds at the site include projectile points, stone tools, bones, and ceramics.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
23579995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlynch%20Priory | Barlynch Priory | Barlynch Priory (also known as St Nicholas's Priory and sometimes spelled Barlich Priory) in Brompton Regis, Somerset, England was an Augustinian priory founded by William de Say between 1154 and 1189 and dissolved in 1537.
In the late 15th century the prior was John Chester, one of the sons of Alice Chestre who made donations to the church. In 1524 the priory was at its largest with nine canons.
The only visible remains are some fragments of walling attached to Barlynch farmhouse, which have been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Somerset County No 182). It has been added to the Heritage at Risk Register because of the risk of collapse.
Some of the stained glass from a Jesse window at the Priory is now in the St Peter's Church in Huish Champflower.
References
Augustinian monasteries in England
Monasteries in Somerset
Religious organizations established in the 1100s
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Scheduled monuments in West Somerset
12th-century establishments in England
1539 disestablishments in England
Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset |
6910024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Lamborn | Mount Lamborn | Mount Lamborn is a mountain summit in the West Elk Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The peak is located in Gunnison National Forest, southeast by south (bearing 141°) of the Town of Paonia in Delta County, Colorado, United States. The summit of Mount Lamborn is the highest point in Delta County. Together with nearby Landsend Peak to the southwest, it lies at the western edge of the West Elks, rising dramatically nearly 6,000 ft (1,800 m) above the valley of the North Fork Gunnison River to the west.
Mountain
Mount Lamborn is an eroded igneous intrusion that geologists call a laccolith.
See also
List of mountain peaks of Colorado
List of Colorado county high points
References
External links
A site about climbing Mount Lamborn
West Elk Mountains
Mountains of Delta County, Colorado
Landforms of Delta County, Colorado
Gunnison National Forest
Lamborn
North American 3000 m summits |
17341974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N1%20League | N1 League | N1 League, (known until 2016 as the Nevis Premier Division) is the top tier of association football in Nevis. The league was created in 2004 and organized by the St. Kitts and Nevis Football Association.
Clubs for the 2013/14 Season
Allstars
Bath United
Bronx United
Combined Schools
Hardtimes
Highlights FC
Stoney Grove Strikers
Villa International United
Previous winners
2004 : Bath United
2004/05 : Fitness Pioneers
2005/06 : Harris United
2006/07 : Stoney Grove Strikers
2007/08 : Horsford Highlights
2008/09 : Horsford Highlights
2009/10 : Stoney Grove Strikers
2010/11 : abandoned
2011/12 : not held
2012/13 : not held
2013/14 : Horsford Highlights
2014/15 : not held
2015/16 : not held
2016/17 : Horsford Highlights
2017/18 : abandoned
Performance by club
References
Saint Kitts and Nevis - List of Champions, RSSSF.com
Football leagues in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Top level football leagues in the Caribbean
2004 establishments in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Sports leagues established in 2004 |
6910051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchurian%20wapiti | Manchurian wapiti | The Manchurian wapiti (Cervus canadensis xanthopygus) is a subspecies of the wapiti native to East Asia.
Description
The Manchurian wapiti's coat is reddish brown during summer, and brownish gray in winter. It has dark hairs on the neck and dark underparts, followed by a light-colored rump patch. It is smaller than North American elk (Cervus canadensis canadensis) with smaller and stouter antlers.
Male deer are wapiti-like with a neck mane, and as mentioned, relatively small wapiti-like antlers. Female deer are more red deer-like and lack neck manes. This deer is the most red deer-like of the wapiti, being adapted to mixed deciduous forest environments in Manchuria, Yakutia, Northern China and North Korea. Like many red deer, adult deer may have some visible spots in their summer coats.
Cows weigh and bulls weigh , and bulls attain measurements of 1.5m in height and 2.4m in length.
Range
This deer is found in southeastern Siberia (to the east of Lake Baikal), northeastern Mongolia, Manchuria, North Korea and northeastern China.
Similar forms from Alxa, Gansu, Shanxi and southern Mongolia were originally described as a distinct subspecies, the Alashan wapiti (Cervus canadensis alashanicus). However recent genetic research indicates that this deer belongs to the Manchurian subspecies.
References
Elk and red deer
Mammals of Siberia
Mammals of Korea
Mammals of China
Mammals of Mongolia |
6910054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake%20Garden | Blake Garden | Blake Garden may refer to:
Blake Garden, Hong Kong
Blake Garden (Kensington, California), a public garden in the Berkeley Hills, overlooking the San Francisco Bay Area
HK Blake Garden AA, a Hong Kong football club who competing in the Hong Kong Third A Division League |
20483433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Celebrity...Get%20Me%20Out%20of%20Here%21%20%28British%20series%205%29 | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 5) | The fifth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! began on 20 November 2005 and ended on 5 December 2005. The programme ran for 16 days (18 days if counting the day the celebrities arrived and the morning the finalists exited). The series was won by Carol Thatcher.
Contestants
12 contestants participated, one more than in the previous series.
Results and elimination
Indicates that the celebrity received the fewest votes and was immediately eliminated (no bottom two)
Indicates that the celebrity was in the bottom two in the public vote
Bushtucker Trials
The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. The participants are chosen by the public, up until the first eviction, when the campers decide who will take part in the trial
The public voted for who they wanted to face the trial
The contestants decided who did which trial
The trial was compulsory and neither the public or celebrities decided who took part
Star count
References
2005 British television seasons
05 |
23580000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20wing | Channel wing | The channel wing is an aircraft wing principle developed by Willard Ray Custer in the 1920s. The most important part of the wing consists of a half-tube with an engine placed in the middle, driving a propeller placed at the rear end of the channel formed by the half-tube.
Development
In 1925, Willard Custer had himself observed how very strong winds had managed to lift the roof of a barn. Custer realized that the high velocity of the wind created a lower pressure above the roof while the pressure remained high inside, literally blowing the roof off. This low pressure above/high pressure below is the same phenomenon that allows an airplane wing to provide lift even though in this case the barn itself was obviously not moving.
Custer studied the phenomenon, and by 1928 he had made the first models of a wing with a half-tube-formed section instead of the usual wing profile. This was patented in 1929. Development of the half-tube channel wing was then refined further, and on November 12, 1942, the CCW-1 (Custer Channel Wing 1) airplane was flying for the first time. Custer built additional experimental aircraft; the last one was CCW-5, of which a few were manufactured in 1964.
Functional principle
Custer's summary of his invention was that the key to the lift created by a wing is the velocity of the stream of air passing over the wing, not the velocity of the airplane itself: It's the speed of air, not the airspeed!
A wing functions because the air over the wing has a lower pressure than the air under it. The conventional aircraft must reach a significant minimum speed before this pressure differential become large enough that it generates sufficient lift to become airborne.
In Custer's channel wing the rotating propeller will direct a stable stream of air backwards through the channel. A propeller will at the low pressure side normally be supplied by air from all directions. Since the half-tube prevents air from being drawn from below, the air will be sucked through the channel instead. This creates a strong low pressure area in the channel, which again generates a lift.
Applications and limitations
The layout was not successfully proven in an aircraft for a long time, though Custer showed theoretically and experimentally that the principle was capable of vertical flight. Since they were built with conventional rudders needing some minimum airspeed to be functional, none of the aircraft designed by Custer were capable of full vertical takeoff, but instead were characterized as STOL (short takeoff and landing). The required runway for takeoff was very short, however, for the CCW-1, for the CCW-2, with a take off speed of as low as . Full vertical takeoff is theoretically feasible, but would require additional modifications and means of control.
Custer investigated both aircraft with pure channel wings as well as aircraft with additional conventional wings located outside the channels. The construction functions very well at relatively low speeds. At higher speeds, at high propeller RPM, oscillations would occur in the areas around the propeller, causing increased noise as well as creating long term destructive vibrations in the structure.
The twin engine layout featuring two channel wing features was the most tested configuration. The twin layout had a higher risk of loss of control during a single engine failure situation, and required very high nose up attitude for STOL flight compared to conventional twin engine aircraft.
Two of Custer's CCW aircraft survive. The CCW-1 is located at the Smithsonian's National Air & Space Museum in Suitland, Maryland. The CCW-5, which was based on the Baumann Brigadier executive aircraft, is exhibited at the Mid-Atlantic Air Museum in Pennsylvania.
Later, research performed by NASA concluded that the advantage in lift and field length performance achieved did not offset the layout's many deficiencies in climb and high speed ability, and problems meeting certification requirements for general aviation. The main issue is that the semi-circular beam wing configuration incurs increased profile drag and weight penalties over a conventional wing of the same lifting planform, and a common straight wing could provide almost the equivalent lift enhancement when exposed to the same slipstream-induced increased dynamic pressure.
Hybrid Channel Wing
From 1999–2004 A joint research project led by Georgia Institute of the Technology Research Institute in Atlanta was funded by Langley Research Center. Aircraft were tested using channel wing principle layouts with circulation control devices that leveraged the Coandă effect. Performance of the wing was increased, and angle of attack was lowered, reducing some of the drawbacks of the design. The resultant design has been patented.
Channel wing principle aircraft examples
References
Further reading
External links
Custer-Channelwing Website Archive
Another Custer Channel Wing Website
Video of Custer explaining his theories and actual flight footage
Pictures of the Custer CCW-1 National Air and Space Museum
Pictures of the Custer CCW-5 Mid-Atlantic Air Museum, Reading, Pennsylvania
Modern channelwing aircraft design Stavatti designed channelwing transport for the 2000s
Custer's Channel Wing
Aircraft wing design
Wing configurations |
20483456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatoire%20National%20des%20Plantes%20%C3%A0%20Parfum%2C%20M%C3%A9dicinales%2C%20Aromatiques%20et%20Industrielles | Conservatoire National des Plantes à Parfum, Médicinales, Aromatiques et Industrielles | The Conservatoire National des Plantes à Parfum, Médicinales, Aromatiques et Industrielles (4 hectares), formerly known as the Conservatoire National des Plantes Médicinales Aromatiques et Industrielles (CNPMAI), is a nonprofit botanical garden located on the Route de Nemours, Milly-la-Forêt, Essonne, Île-de-France, France. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.
The conservatory was established in 1987 by the Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales (PAM) professional society to preserve medicinal, aromatic, and industrial plants. In 1994 it revised its name and mission to add perfume-related plants, and opened to the public in 2002. Today the garden contains more than 1200 species planted in two greenhouses (950 m² and 290 m²) and a variety of gardens including a study garden (40 plots), thematic garden, and an arboretum.
Some of the species shown at the conservatory:
See also
List of botanical gardens in France
References
Conservatoire National des Plantes à Parfum, Médicinales, Aromatiques et Industrielles
Milly-la-Forêt description (French)
Jardinez entry (French)
Petit Futé entry (French)
parfum deluxe guideb pour choisir le bon parfum ou cologne/
1001 Fleurs entry (French)
Gardens in Essonne
Botanical gardens in France |
20483462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline%20Temple | Capitoline Temple | The Capitoline Temple is an ancient monument located in the old city of Volubilis in Fès-Meknès, Morocco. It dates from the Roman era, and was situated in the ancient Kingdom of Mauretania.
The building incorporates a tetrastyle architectural design, and was dedicated to the Roman Emperor Macrinus. The temple is earmarked for the trinity of Roman gods, Juno, Jupiter and Minerva. According to Rogerson, a council would meet below the Capitoline Temple in order to make a declaration of war, and then later return to this location with the booty of the resultant war.
The Romans also constructed temples of the same name in Ancient Rome and other locations within the Roman Empire.
See also
Arch of Trajan (Timgad)
Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga
Madghacen
Roman architecture
Line notes
References
C. Michael Hogan, Volubilis, The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham (2007)
Barnaby Rogerson (2000} Marrakesh, Fez and Rabat, New Holland Publishers, 290 pages
Roman sites in Morocco
Temples of Jupiter
Buildings and structures in Fès-Meknès
Temples of Minerva
Temples of Juno |
23580010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheung%20Wah%20Estate | Cheung Wah Estate | Cheung Wah Estate () is a mixed TPS and public housing estate in Fanling, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the first public housing estate in Fanling Town, consisting of ten residential blocks completed from 1984 to 1986. Some of the flats were sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 6A in 2004.
Houses
Demographics
According to the 2016 by-census, Cheung Wah Estate had a population of 13,109. The median age was 49.2 and the majority of residents (99 per cent) were of Chinese ethnicity. The average household size was 2.7 people. The median monthly household income of all households (i.e. including both economically active and inactive households) was HK$22,490.
Politics
Cheung Wah Estate is located in Cheung Wah constituency of the North District Council. It was formerly represented by Chan Yuk-ming, who was elected in the 2019 elections until July 2021.
See also
Public housing estates in Fanling
References
Residential buildings completed in 1984
Residential buildings completed in 1986
Fanling
Public housing estates in Hong Kong
Tenants Purchase Scheme
Housing estates with centralized LPG system in Hong Kong |
20483506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20France%20rugby%20union%20tour%20of%20Samoa%2C%20Tonga%20and%20New%20Zealand | 1999 France rugby union tour of Samoa, Tonga and New Zealand | In 1999, the French national rugby union team conducted a tour of Samoa, Tonga and New Zealand.
Matches
Scores and results list France's points tally first.
tour
1999 in Oceanian rugby union
1999 in New Zealand rugby union
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999 in Samoan rugby union
1999 in Tongan rugby union |
6910056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%20Thong%20district | U Thong district | U Thong (, ) is the district (amphoe) in the western part of Suphan Buri province, north of Bangkok.
History
Higham states, "U-Thong was occupied for many centuries prior to the development of the Dvaravati state. Radiocarbon determinations from the sites of U-Thong and Chansen suggest that the transition into complex state societies in the Chao Phraya basin took place between about 300-600 AD." A copper inscription from the mid-7th century states, "Sri Harshavarman, grandson of Ishanavarman, having expanded his sphere of glory, obtained the lion throne through regular succession," and mentions gifts to a linga. The site includes a moat, 1,690 by 840 m, and the Pra Paton caitya.
It also became the origin of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, as the first King of Ayutthaya, Ramathibodi, was prince of U Thong when the city was struck by an epidemic, prompting him to relocate east and found Ayutthaya.
U Thong district was created with the name Chorakhe Sam Phan in 1905. In 1939 the district was renamed U Thong. In 1944, the government moved the centre of the district from Ban Chorakhe Sam Phan to the area of the ancient city.
Geography
Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise): Don Chedi, Mueang Suphan Buri, Bang Pla Ma, Song Phi Nong of Suphan Buri Province; Lao Khwan, Huai Krachao, and Phanom Thuan of Kanchanaburi province.
Administration
Central administration
U Thong district is divided into 13 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 154 administrative villages (mubans).
Local administration
There are nine sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambons) in the district:
Chorakhe Sam Phan (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Chorakhe Sam Phan.
Chedi (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Chedi.
Sa Yai Som (Thai: ) consists of parts of the sub-district Sa Yai Som.
U Thong (Thai: ) consists of parts of the sub-district U Thong.
Khun Phat Pheng (Thai: ) consists of parts of the sub-district Sa Yai Som.
Ban Don (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Ban Don.
Ban Khong (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Ban Khong.
Krachan (Thai: ) consists of sub-district, Krachan.
Thao U Thong (Thai: ) consists of parts of sub-district U Thong.
There are six sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
Yung Thalai (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Yung Thalai.
Don Makluea (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Don Makluea.
Nong Ong (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Nong Ong.
Don Kha (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Don Kha.
Phlapphla Chai (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Phlapphla Chai.
Sa Phang Lan (Thai: ) consists of sub-district Sa Phang Lan.
References
External links
amphoe.com
U Thong |
20483537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin%E2%80%93sphingomyelin%20ratio | Lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio | The lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio (a.k.a. L-S or L/S ratio) is a test of fetal amniotic fluid to assess for fetal lung immaturity. Lungs require surfactant, a soap-like substance, to lower the surface pressure of the alveoli in the lungs. This is especially important for premature babies trying to expand their lungs after birth. Surfactant is a mixture of lipids, proteins, and glycoproteins, lecithin and sphingomyelin being two of them. Lecithin makes the surfactant mixture more effective.
Evaluation
The lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio is a marker of fetal lung maturity. The outward flow of pulmonary secretions from the fetal lungs into the amniotic fluid maintains the level of lecithin and sphingomyelin equally until 32–33 weeks gestation, when the lecithin concentration begins to increase significantly while sphingomyelin remains nearly the same. As such, if a sample of amniotic fluid has a higher ratio, it indicates that there is more surfactant in the lungs and the baby will have less difficulty breathing at birth. An L–S ratio of 2.4 or more indicates fetal lung maturity and a relatively low risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome, and an L/S ratio of less than 1.5 is associated with a high risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome.
If preterm delivery is necessary (as evaluated by a biophysical profile or other tests) and the L–S ratio is low, the mother may need to receive steroids such as betamethasone to hasten the fetus' surfactant production in the lungs.
Procedure
An amniotic fluid sample is collected via amniocentesis and the sample is spun down in a centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 3–5 minutes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is performed on the supernatant, which separates out the components. Lecithin and sphingomyelin are relatively easy to identify on TLC and the predictive value of the test is good.
See also
Phosphatidylglycerol – another amniotic fluid marker of fetal lung maturity
Surfactant-albumin ratio
Lamellar body count
References
Tests during pregnancy |
17341981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galit%20Hasan-Rokem | Galit Hasan-Rokem | Galit Hasan-Rokem (, born 29 August 1945) is the Max and Margarethe Grunwald professor of folklore at the Mandel Institute of Jewish Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Author and editor of numerous works, including co-editor of the Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Folklore (2012), her research interests include proverbs, folklore and culture of the Middle East, and folklore genres and narratives. She is also a published poet and translator of poetry, and a Pro-Palestinian activist. The Jerusalem Post has called her "a figure of some prominence in Jerusalem intellectual circles".
Early life and education
Galit Hasan-Rokem was born in 1945 in Helsinki to Jewish parents who were also natives of Finland. She attended the Helsinki Jewish day school from 1952 to 1957. In 1957, at the age of 12, she immigrated with her family to Israel.
Following high school graduation, she completed her compulsory military service and enrolled in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the late 1960s. After attaining her undergraduate degree, she participated in an exchange program at the University of Finland's Department of Finnish and Comparative Folklore, where she studied under Professors Matti Kuusi and Lauri Honko, solidifying her desire to become a folklorist. She earned her doctorate at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1978, studying under Professor Dov Noy. She became a full professor of folklore at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1984.
Work
Hasan-Rokem's research interests include proverbs, folklore and culture of the Middle East, and folklore genres and narratives, including folklore in rabbinic literature. She has produced several major works studying proverbs in Israel and the proverbs of Georgian Jews in Israel.
Hasan-Rokem displays a "conscious feminism" in her work. Her interdisciplinary approach to folklore, including the feminist aspects of her research, are frequently quoted by other authors. Books and other works by Hasan-Rokem have been published in more than eight languages.
Other activities
Hasan-Rokem founded the Proverb Indexing Project at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Folklore Research Center. She assisted her mentor, Professor Noy, in developing the Hebrew University's Folklore Program into a full undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degree program. She co-founded the annual Israeli Inter-University Folklore Conference in 1981. She is also credited with elevating the recognition of Israeli folklore studies to the international level. She has lectured as a visiting professor at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Chicago, and engages in teaching and research cooperation with scholars in the United States, Germany, Scandinavia, and the Palestinian Authority.
She has been the associate editor of Proverbium, the yearbook of international proverb scholarship, since 1984. She is a regular contributor to the Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales, published by the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
From 2001 to 2004 she headed the Mandel Institute of Jewish Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Poet
Hasan-Rokem is a published poet and translator of poetry. She has produced three volumes of poetry in Hebrew, some of which has appeared in translation. She translated a selection of Swedish-language poems by Finnish poet Edith Södergran (1892–1923) into Hebrew for her second book of poetry, Voice Training: Poems (1998). In 2013 she translated the complete poems of Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer into Hebrew.
Pro-Palestinian activist
Hasan-Rokem is a founding editor of the Palestine–Israel Journal and a long-time pro-Palestinian activist. She is a strong supporter of the two-state solution and the division of Jerusalem into the capital of both Israel and a Palestinian state. As a visiting scholar at Rutgers University in 2014, she claimed that Israeli street signs exhibit bias against Arabic-speaking residents, since the Hebrew text is more prominent and the Arabic translation is often a phonetic version of the Hebrew.
Memberships
Hasan-Rokem served as president of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research from 1998 to 2005. She is a member of the Folklore Fellows international executive committee and advisory board since 1993, and a member of the King Gustav Adolf Academy for Folk Culture in Sweden since 2007. She has been awarded two fellowships from the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, in 2003–2004 and 2015–2016.
Personal
Hasan-Rokem is married to Freddie Rokem, the Emanuel Herzikowitz Professor for 19th- and 20th-Century Art at Tel Aviv University and a published author in theatre studies. They have three children. Their son, Amitai, died in a hiking accident in 1990.
She is fluent in Finnish, Hebrew, Swedish, and English.
Selected bibliography
Books
(co-edited with Regina Bendix)
English revised edition: Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture, Brandeis University Press, 2008 (co-edited with Margalit Shilo and Ruth Kark)
(co-edited with Shirley Kaufman and Tamar Hess)
(with David Dean Shulman)
(co-edited with Alan Dundes)
(with Alan Dundes, Lee Haring, and Claudia A. Stibbe)
Poetry
Notes
References
External links
Faculty page at Hebrew University of Jerusalem
List of Papers
"Four Poems" Palestine–Israel Journal, 1994
1945 births
Living people
Israeli Jews
Israeli poets
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Writers from Helsinki
Folklorists
Proverb scholars
20th-century Israeli women writers
21st-century Israeli women writers
Palestinian solidarity activists |
20483566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenville%20Technical%20Charter%20High%20School | Greenville Technical Charter High School | Greenville Technical Charter High School (GTCHS) is a small school located on the Barton Campus of Greenville Technical College in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. It is a middle college/early college high school. It was established as the first charter school in South Carolina and was in partnership with Greenville Technical College. It was the first charter school to be awarded the National Blue Ribbon of Excellence (2010) and the Palmetto's Finest Award (2008).
College classes
Students can start taking dual-credit college classes starting their sophomore year with two per semester for minimal fees on the college campus. The number of classes increases until students' senior year where they can take up to four classes per semester.
A majority of classes can be transferred over to other universities and colleges.
Athletics
The GTCHS Warriors are in Region I-AA in the state of South Carolina. There are seven sports with fifteen teams representing the school. The school shares a rivalry with the Brashier Middle College Bengals and the Greer Middle College Blazers.
References
External links
GTCHS website
Niche School Review
Educational institutions established in 1998
High schools in Greenville, South Carolina
Charter schools in South Carolina
Public high schools in South Carolina
1998 establishments in South Carolina |
17341983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki%20Intruder | Suzuki Intruder | The Suzuki Intruder is a series of cruiser motorcycles made by Suzuki from 1985 to 2005. After 2005, the Intruder lineup was replaced by the Boulevard range. In Europe, the Intruder name remains in use on certain models. The VS Intruder bikes all have 4-stroke V-twin engines.
The Intruder line started life in North America with the Intruder 700 and the Intruder 1400, which was actually a 1360cc machine. The smaller version was designed to be small enough to escape the projected 45% US import tariff on imported bikes, while the larger version designed to take on the Harley 1340cc Evolution models as well as Japanese bikes like the Kawasaki Vulcan 1500.
The US tariff, when passed into law, actually set the import limit at 750ccs instead of 700. So Suzuki soon bumped the Intruder up to be a 750, which it continued to produce until 1991.
For the 1992 model year the small Intruder became an 800 (technically an 805), with a larger engine, larger radiator, and larger forks to go with the extra engine. The model would continue in this form until 2004, the only change of note being that Suzuki started painting the engine black in 1999.
For the 2005 model year Suzuki decided to re-launch all their cruisers with the “Boulevard” name in an effort to make the name less off-putting to conservative American cruiser buyers. The slender, sporty VS Intruder 800 and VS1400 Intruder became the “Boulevard S50” and “Boulevard S83” respectively, their cubic centimeter names being replaced with the engine displacement in cubic inches.
Other changes to the VS800 included straighter bars with longer risers; the addition of four-way flashers; a one-piece seat; smaller turn signals; the deletion of the sissy bar; and the addition of a plastic fake air cleaner on the side of the engine (to hold the tool kit formerly stored in the sissy bar). But mechanically they are the same, and parts can be swapped between the Intruder 800 to the S50. The exception is that fake air cleaner, which screws to threaded holes in blocks cast into the cooling fins on the cylinders, which the Intruder 800 did not have.
As a side note, the VX800 standard/ naked sportbike was produced and sold in the US from 1991 to 1993. It used the same engine as the VS800 Intruder, only with a vacuum operated fuel pump instead of the Intruder’s electric one. The rest of the bike is totally different, but the engines interchange.
Family
The family consists of:
Liquid-cooled:
VS400
VS600 with torque produced approx 46 Nm @ 6000 rpm.
VS700 model for USA market between 1986 and 1987
VS750 The model with engine capacity was produced between 1985 and 1991. The engine is a four-stroke, water-cooled, OHC, 45-degree V-twin producing a maximum of 55 HP at 7,500 rpm with a compression ratio of 10:1, giving the bike a top speed of 165 km/h. Each cylinder has its own Mikuni carburetor.
VS800 with torque produced approx 62,1 Nm @ 4000 rpm. This engine was also used on the Suzuki VX800 (56hp), Sachs Roadster 800 and Sachs B-805 (57hp) models albeit with different states of tune
M1800R (M109R)
C1800R (C109R)
Air/oil-cooled
VL125
VL250
VS1400 with torque produced approx 115 Nm @ 3200 rpm. Total fuel capacity ≈ 13L (3.3 gallons). Average fuel consumption is 38-46 mpg.
VL1500 LC
Transmission
All Suzuki Intruders are powered by either a 4 or 5 speed transmission mated to a shaft drive which delivers power to the rear wheel. Starting in 1991, the VS1400 platform received the 5 speed transmission in most European countries. In the USA, this new 5 speed transmission debuted in the 1997 models, and in 1996, Canadian models were equipped with the same transmission. The Transmission is 5-speed, constant mesh.
However the VL250 and European VL125 model Suzuki Intruder are both 5-speed chain-driven vehicles.
Brakes
The 805 cc and smaller models have front disc brakes and rear drum brake. The 1985 - 1987 models have the front brake rotor mounted on the left side, instead of right side found on later models. Their sissy bar is also shorter. The VS1400 and LC1500 Intruders used single disc brakes on both the front and rear wheels.
Rim/Wheels
Cast rims aka "Snowflake" rims were available as an option on the 1985 through 1987 VS700 (US Models) VS750 (Rest of the world) standard rims were Wire Spoke; 1989 VS800 got 21" front rim/wheel combo that lasted until 1999 model year. 2000 through 2009 VS800/S50 Boulevard run a 19" front 15" rear combination/. Both the 19" spoked/cast rims & the 21" spoke front rim from the VS700/750/800/S50 are a direct fit for the VS1400/S83, through ALL model years.
Special features
In 1990 a MAP boost sensor was added to the VS1400 model to increase highway mileage. This correlated to a change in the ignitor unit, which went from a two socket 4/6 pin configuration, to a 4/9 pin configuration, with the left/right orientation of the two sockets reversed.
References
www.intruderalert.ca (wrenching & tips section)
Intruder
Cruiser motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1985 |
20483584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Shadows | Long Shadows | Long Shadows is a children's fantasy novel, the fifth book in Erin Hunter's Warriors: Power of Three, and was widely released on 25 November 2008. The book follows the adventures of Hollyleaf, Lionblaze, and Jayfeather.
The book has sold over 250,000 copies.
Plot summary
When Sol persuades almost all of ShadowClan to give up belief in StarClan, Tawnypelt takes her kits to ThunderClan, hoping to find refuge there, because she did not want to be part of a Clan that does not believe in StarClan. In hope of helping ShadowClan, Jaypaw, along with his siblings and Tawnypelt's kits, create a fake sign from StarClan to show Blackstar that StarClan is real. Blackstar is not convinced until the fake sign turns real when StarClan cats Raggedstar and Runningnose appear, and tell Blackstar to get rid of Sol.
A greencough outbreak begins in ThunderClan, and the Clan is short of the remedy, catmint. Jaypaw has a dream telling him there is a fresh supply in WindClan territory. Jaypaw asks Lionblaze to fetch the catmint. He gets the catmint and gives it to Jaypaw, but not without a tense encounter with his former friend Heathertail. Soon the Clan is healed and Jaypaw finally receives his full medicine cat name, Jayfeather.
Later, Jayfeather has a strange dream. In his dream, he has traveled back to a time before the Clans. The lake territories are inhabited by a group of cats who loosely resemble a Clan. Jayfeather awakes as a young cat called Jay's Wing. The cats, threatened by human expansion, hold a vote to move to the mountains. Jayfeather realizes that this group of cats will become the Tribe of Rushing Water, which in turn becomes the modern Clans, so he casts the deciding vote to send the group to the mountains in order to ensure the existence of the future Clans. He then awakes back in the present time.
During a storm, the ThunderClan camp catches fire, trapping Jayfeather, Lionblaze, Hollyleaf, and Squirrelflight. Squirrelflight manages to escape and tries to save her kits, but Ashfur interferes, separating Squirrelfight and the three. Squirrelflight begs him to let them through, but Ashfur insists that he never forgave her for choosing Brambleclaw over him. He says that he will now kill her kits in another attempt to hurt her. Squirrelflight then reveals a crucial secret: they are not her biological kits. Ashfur lets the three cats live, but he threatens to tell her secret.
The fire burns out and the camp is cleaned up. Three days before the Gathering, Ashfur asks Firestar if he can go. Hollyleaf, Lionblaze, Jayfeather, and Squirrelflight are worried that he is going to publicly announce their secret. Between then and the day of the Gathering, the three warn Ashfur that he will regret it if he reveals the secret, but he refuses to listen to them. Right before the Gathering, the patrol of warriors going notices that Ashfur is missing, and on the way, they see Ashfur's body lying in the stream next to WindClan territory as if he had drowned. They take him back to camp and have a vigil for him. However, Leafpool notices a gash in his neck, implying he was murdered. After the Gathering, Firestar announces that Ashfur's death was unknown and suspects a cat from WindClan may have killed him. The three vow to keep the recent events involving them, Squirrelflight, and Ashfur a secret.
Reception
Long Shadows received mostly positive reviews, praising the tension and characters. Horn Book Review said that Long Shadows moves very slowly, but that fans who have read the previous books would still enjoy it. It received a rating of 4.31 stars on Goodreads and a rating of 4.8 stars on Barnes and Noble.
References
External links
Warriors - The official Warriors website.
American fantasy novels
2008 American novels
Warriors (novel series)
Books about cats
Fictional cats
HarperCollins books
2008 children's books |
6910058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20Games | Atomic Games | Atomic Games, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas, specializing in wargames. The company was founded by Keith Zabalaoui in 1989, and is best known for developing the Close Combat series of real-time wargames, as well as the V for Victory series. In December 2000, due to the cancellation of a project titled Hammer's Slammers, Atomic Games laid off its entire staff, only keeping three executives. Atomic Games was acquired by Destineer on May 6, 2005, while collaborating on Close Combat: Red Phoenix and Close Combat: First to Fight. Atomic Games was developing a third-person shooter, Six Days in Fallujah, in cooperation with Konami, until the latter decided to withdraw from the project in August 2009, causing significant layoffs at Atomic Games. The company went on to finish the game, but never released it. Atomic Games released the game called Breach, which is a multiplayer-only downloadable first-person shooter. Destineer also owned Bold Games, and MacSoft, who also went down with Destineer
With Avalon Hill
Atomic Games was signed to Avalon Hill in 1993 by the company's Jim Rose, and began developing Beyond Squad Leader and the World at War series for its new publisher. Rose, hired to lead Avalon Hill's computer game division in December 1992, had been tasked with reviving this section of the business in the face of flagging board game sales. The two companies' first collaboration, Operation Crusader, reused the engine of the V for Victory series. PC Gamer US wargame columnist William R. Trotter named it one of the top-five wargames of 1994.
Atomic and Avalon experienced creative friction during the development of their projects together. Computer Gaming World columnist Alan Emrich wrote in 1995, "To say there was no love lost between [...] Jim Rose and Atomic's Keith Zabalaoui would be a gracious understatement." By June 1995, Rose had left Avalon Hill to found TalonSoft, and Beyond Squad Leader had entered alpha testing.
References
External links
Defunct companies based in Minneapolis
Video game companies established in 1989
Video game companies disestablished in 2011
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Video game development companies
Wargame companies |
20483650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20accumulator | Dynamic accumulator | Dynamic accumulators is a term used in the permaculture and organic farming literature to indicate plants that gather certain minerals or nutrients from the soil and store them in a more bioavailable form and in high concentration in their tissues, then used as fertilizer or just to improve the mulch.
While this idea is quite common and often taprooted plants are used for this reason in companion planting, there is no scientific data supporting it, and the definition itself varies quite depending on the author. The closest thing with a proven scientific base are hyperaccumulators.
The first to use the term dynamic accumulator in the above definition was probably Robert Kourik in his book Designing and Maintaining Your Edible Landscape—Naturally (1986). After him many important permaculturists have used dynamic accumulators in their design systems and methods, such as Eric Toensmeier, Dave Jake and Toby Hemenway.
See also
Hyperaccumulator
List of hyperaccumulators
Permaculture
References
Jake, Dave (2005). Edible Forest Gardens. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. p. 186. .
Jump up ^ Hemenway, Toby (2009). Gaia's Garden - A Guide To Home Scale Permaculture. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. p. 97. .
External links
The Facts about Dynamic Accumulators
Does Comfrey Really Improve Soil?
What is a dynamic accumulator
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Are dynamic accumulators a thing?
Organic gardening |
26720774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio%20Pessina | Giorgio Pessina | Giorgio Pessina (16 June 1902 – 18 July 1977) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics and a silver at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1902 births
1977 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in fencing
Fencers from Rome
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics |
6910064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.M.%20Place%20Stores | P.M. Place Stores | P.M. Place Stores, also known as Place's Discount Stores was a Bethany, Missouri-based, employee-owned chain of discount stores in the United States. The company primarily operated in towns with a population of 1,500 to 4,000 people in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.
Origins
P.M. Place Stores was founded in 1910 by Pryor M. Place in Lathrop, Missouri. Place financed his company by selling his horse, saddle, and bridle, and collected his savings to buy goods to stock his shelves.
Store format
Place's stores carried the same departments as larger discount stores except on a smaller scale. Stores ranged from around . to . Their prominent slogan was "The Best of All... Places" which could be heard on a recording that would repeatedly play in their stores amongst music and announcement of the latest sale items.
Expansion
In 1985 the company expanded through the acquisition of Matco/Mattingly stores, a Lexington, Missouri based chain of discount stores.
Place's attempted to grow to 75 stores by the end of 2002 but was bought by ShopKo in 2000 for $22 million with a store count of 49. ShopKo converted these stores into Pamida stores.
At the time of assimilation into Pamida, Place's president and CEO was Charles M. Place. Charles Patterson "Pat" Place had previously been in charge of the company.
In an effort to streamline Pamida's distribution operations, the Bethany cross-dock facility, formerly the Place's warehouse, was closed in early 2002.
See also
References
Defunct discount stores of the United States
Defunct companies based in Missouri
Companies based in Missouri
American companies established in 1910
Retail companies established in 1910
Retail companies disestablished in 2000
1910 establishments in Missouri
2000 disestablishments in Missouri |
17341986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20W.%20Willis | Mark W. Willis | Mark Willis is an American business executive and stock holder at Keller Williams Realty, an international real estate franchise with headquarters in Austin, Texas. Willis was President of Keller Williams Realty prior to 2005 when he took over the position as chief executive officer (CEO). In 2015, Chris Heller succeeded Mark Willis as CEO.
Career
Willis began his executive career in real estate in the mid-1980s as a branch manager for Coldwell Banker. He was also the proprietor of Carriage House Realty prior to joining Keller Williams Realty in 1991. Willis worked as a team leader in the firm's Southwest market center in Austin where he quadrupled the office's production over a five-year period. The market center became the number one real estate office within the organization during his time there. Willis was promoted to regional director for Central and South Texas where he expanded the region's presence in both San Antonio and Houston. It was during his time leading that region that he built a 1,900 agent business and earned a place in the REAL Trends' Billionaire's Club. In 2002, he was promoted to President of Keller Williams International.
Willis took over the position of CEO in 2005. Under his leadership, Keller Williams has become the largest real estate franchise by agent count in North America and exceeded 100,000 agents worldwide in 2014. In his position as CEO, Willis has been quoted in publications such as Training Magazine, which named Keller Williams the number two training organization across all industries and The New York Times. In 2013 he was named one of the 100 Most Influential Leaders by Inman News and in 2014 he was named as one of the 10 Most Powerful People in Residential Real Estate according to the Swanepoel Power 200. Co-founder Gary Keller announced an executive leadership transition on Feb. 9, 2015, with Chris Heller succeeding Mark Willis as CEO.
See also
List of real estate topics
Real estate economics
References
External links
Keller Williams Realty Website
Keller Williams Book Releases
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American real estate businesspeople
American business theorists |
26720779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20William%20Sidney | Sir William Sidney | Sir William Sidney (1482?–1554) was an English courtier under Henry VIII and Edward VI.
Life
He was eldest son of Nicholas Sidney, by Anne, sister of Sir William Brandon. In 1511 he accompanied Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy into Spain as a volunteer against the Moors, and when Darcy, finding his assistance not required, returned almost immediately to England, Sidney and several of his companions remained behind in order to see Madrid. He was hospitably entertained by King Ferdinand, but declined the honour of knighthood from him; and shortly afterwards returned home through France.
As captain of the 'Great Bark' he took part in the naval operations before Brest in April 1513, and later in the year commanded the right wing of the English army at the battle of Flodden. He was knighted for his services, and on 23 March 1514 obtained a grant in tail male of the lordship of Kingston-upon-Hull and the manor of Myton forfeited by the attainder of Edmund de la Pole. In October he accompanied his cousin Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset to Paris, to witness the coronation on 5 November of the Princess Mary as consort of Louis XII, and took a prominent part in the subsequent jousts and festivities. In the following summer he again went to France, charged with the delicate task of announcing the approaching second marriage of the Princess Mary, to the Duke of Suffolk.
It is believed by the Sidney family that Sir William Sidney at that time adopted as a second family crest a porcupine statant azure quills collar and chain or, being the heraldic emblem of King Louis XII.
Sidney was appointed an Esquire of the Body to Henry VIII, and married in 1517. He accompanied the king to the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, and in 1523, during the war with France, took part in the expedition commanded by the Duke of Suffolk. In March 1538 he was appointed tutor and steward of the household to Prince Edward. In 1539 he received a large grant of lands in Kent and Sussex in exchange for those held by him in York and Lincoln. His wife died on 22 October 1543, and on 25 April 1552 Edward VI added to his estates in Kent the manor of Penshurst.
Sidney died at Penshurst on 10 February 1554, and was buried in the parish church.
Death and family
Sidney married Anne Pakenham, daughter of Sir Hugh Pakenham, (widow of Thomas FitzWilliam, elder brother of William FitzWilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton). Henry Sidney was their son. In the chancel of St John the Baptist, Penshurst is the tomb of Sidney with a memorial tablet, on the sides of which are engraven the escutcheons of his four daughters and their husbands:
Mary (d. 10 February 1542), eldest daughter, who married Sir William Dormer of Wing, Buckinghamshire,
Lucy, who married Sir James Harington of Exton Hall, Rutland;
Anne, who married Sir William FitzWilliam of Milton, Northamptonshire, sometime lord deputy of Ireland.
Frances, who married of Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex.
References
Attriution
1482 births
1554 deaths
William
16th-century English people
English knights
People from Penshurst
Knights Bachelor |
17341988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borikhane%20district | Borikhane district | Borikhane (Bolikanh) is a district (muang) of Bolikhamsai province in central Laos. Its administrative center is Borikham town.
References
Districts of Bolikhamsai province |
6910096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%20cave | Pit cave | A pit cave, shaft cave or vertical cave—or often simply called a pit (in the US) or pot (in the UK); jama in South Slavic languages scientific and colloquial vocabulary (borrowed since early research in the Western Balkan Dinaric Alpine karst)—is a type of cave which contains one or more significant vertical shafts rather than being predominantly a conventional horizontal cave passage. Pit caves typically form in limestone as a result of long-term erosion by water. They can be open to the surface or found deep within horizontal caves. Among cavers, a pit is a vertical drop of any depth that cannot be negotiated safely without the use of ropes or ladders.
Pit caving
Techniques
Exploration into pit caves ("vertical caving", also called "pit caving" in US English) requires the use of equipment such as nylon kernmantle rope or cable ladders. The specialized caving techniques of single rope technique (SRT) is common practice and the preferred method of pit exploration for cavers worldwide. SRT involves the use of 8–11 mm nylon static rope and mechanical descenders/ascenders.
Vertical caving is a specialized sport that should be undertaken only after acquiring knowledge of, and expertise in, proper vertical caving equipment and its use. For obvious reasons, vertical caving is more dangerous than "horizontal caving". Vertical caving requires the intimate understanding of ropes, knots, anchors, abseiling/rappelling devices and ascending systems, and techniques for passing rebelays, and deviations, knot passes (where two ropes are joined mid-hang) and changeovers ((the act of switching from rappel to climb, or vice versa, whilst on rope). Experienced cavers typically are knowledgeable in self rescue techniques such as rigging pulley-jammers and doing pick-offs (the act of rescuing a stranded caver from his rope and returning him/her to the ground).
History
Pit caving was pioneered by the English geologist John Beaumont (c. 1650–1731) who gave an account of his descent into Lamb Leer Cavern to the Royal Society in 1681. French caver Édouard-Alfred Martel (1859–1938) first achieved the descent and exploration of the Gouffre de Padirac, France, as early as 1889 and the first complete descent of a wet vertical shaft at Gaping Gill, in Yorkshire, England, in 1895. He developed his own techniques using ropes and metallic ladders. In the 1930s, as caving became increasingly popular in France, several clubs in the Alps developed vertical cave exploration into a recognized outdoor sport.
During World War II, a team composed by Pierre Chevalier, Fernand Petzl, Charles Petit-Didier and others explored the Dent de Crolles cave system near Grenoble, France. It became known as the deepest cave in the world () at that time. The lack of available technical equipment during the war forced Chevalier and his team to innovate and develop their own. The scaling-pole (1940), nylon ropes (1942), use of explosives in caves (1947), and mechanical rope-ascenders (Henri Brenot's "monkeys", first used by Chevalier and Brenot in a cave in 1934) can be traced historically to the exploration of the Dent de Crolles cave system.
In the late 1950s, American caver Bill Cuddington, developed the single rope technique (SRT) in the United States. In 1958, two Swiss alpinists, Juesi and Marti teamed up, creating the first rope ascender, known as the Jumar. In 1968, Bruno Dressler asked Petzl, who worked as a metals machinist, to build a rope-ascending tool, today known as the Petzl Croll, which he had developed by adapting the Jumar to the specificity of pit caving. Pursuing these developments, in the 1970s Fernand Petzl started a small caving equipment manufacturing company, Petzl. Today it is a world leader in equipment for caving, mountaineering, and at-height safety in civil engineering. The development of the rappel rack and the evolution of mechanical ascension systems, notably helped extend the practice and safety of pit exploration to a larger practice by established cavers.
Notable pit caves and underground pitches
Europe
The deepest individual pitch (vertical drop) within a cave is in Vrtoglavica Cave in Slovenia.
The second deepest pitch is Patkov Gušt at in the Velebit mountain, Croatia.
Lamb Leer, Somerset, England, was entered by a pitch as early as the 17th century.
Hranice Abyss, Moravia, Czech Republic, is the deepest underwater cave in the world, the lowest confirmed depth (as of 27 September 2016) is 473 m (404 m under the water level), the expected depth is 700–800 m.
Pozzo del Merro, Italy, is the world's second deepest underwater pit cave, the deepest part reached (as of October 2014) is .
United States
El Capitan Pit, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA, at is the deepest vertical shaft in the United States.
Fantastic Pit, Ellisons Cave System, Georgia, USA, at is the deepest freefall pit in the lower 48 United States.
Stupendous Pit, Rumbling Falls Cave, Tennessee, USA, is a pit that drops into a chamber.
Hellhole, West Virginia, USA, has a entrance drop and was the site of development of the single rope technique in the 1950s and '60s.
Natural Trap Cave, located in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, is deep and home to one of the largest fossil finds in North America.
Mexico
Sótano de Las Golondrinas ("Cave of Swallows"), San Luis Potosí, Mexico, at , is the deepest known freefall drop in the western hemisphere.
Cenote Poza El Zacatón, Tamaulipas, Mexico, is the world's deepest cenote at
China
CCTV announced that in Shaanxi Province 49 pit caves have been found. The largest one is 500 m in diameter. The caves are in pristine condition, as they are inaccessible. They lie in mountains. The local governments are taking steps to preserve them in their natural state. A UNESCO survey found rare plants and animals living in the entrances to the caves.
Image gallery
See also
Cenotes and Blue holes (vertical cave sinkhole filled with water)
Pit crater
Pitch (vertical space)
List of sinkholes
References
External links
Caves |
26720788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Handelsman | Mark Handelsman | Mark Ian Handelsman (, born 9 June 1961) is a retired South African-born Israeli middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 metres.
He was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. Handelsman competed for Israel at the 1983 World Championships but did not progress from the heats. At the 1984 Summer Olympic, he competed in both 400 metres, 800 metres and 1500 metres without reaching the final.
His personal best time for the 800m was 1.45.3 minutes, achieved in April 1981 in Stellenbosch.
See also
List of Israeli records in athletics
List of Maccabiah records in athletics
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
South African male middle-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Israel
South African emigrants to Israel
Sportspeople from Johannesburg
Israeli male middle-distance runners
World Athletics Championships athletes for Israel |
17341990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampe | Kampe | Kampe may refer to:
People with the surname
Anja Kampe (born 1968), German opera singer
Eva Kampe (born 1940), Australian track and field athlete
Gordon Kampe (born 1976), German composer
Greg Kampe (born 1955), American basketball coach
Willi Kampe (1888–1918), German flying ace of World War I
Others
Campe, also spelled Kampê, a Greek mythological monster
Kampe (Glowe), a village in the German municipality of Glowe
Kampê, a character in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series of fantasy adventure novels |
17341999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zila | Zila | Zila may refer to:
Zile
Zila (country subdivision)
Zila-ye Aliasgar, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
A jazz group formed by South African saxophonist Dudu Pukwana
See also
Zilla (disambiguation) |
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