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26717073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown%20%282011%20film%29 | Unknown (2011 film) | Unknown is a 2011 action-thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, and Frank Langella. The film, produced by Joel Silver, Leonard Goldberg and Andrew Rona, is based on the 2003 French novel by Didier Van Cauwelaert published in English as Out of My Head which was adapted as the film's screenplay by Oliver Butcher and Stephen Cornwell. The narrative centers around a professor who wakes up from a four-day long coma and sets out to prove his identity after no one recognizes him, including his own wife, and another man claims to be him.
Released on 18 February 2011, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $136 million against its $30 million budget.
Plot
Martin Harris and his wife Liz arrive in Berlin for a biotechnology summit. At their hotel, Harris realizes he left his briefcase at the airport and takes a taxi to retrieve it. The taxi is involved in an accident and crashes into the Spree, knocking him unconscious. The driver rescues him but flees the scene. Harris regains consciousness at a hospital after being in a coma for four days.
When Harris returns to the hotel, he discovers Liz with another man. Liz says this man is her husband and declares she does not know Harris. The police are called, and Harris attempts to prove his identity by calling a colleague named Rodney Cole, to no avail. He writes down his schedule for the next day from memory. When he visits the office of Professor Leo Bressler, whom he is scheduled to meet, "Dr. Harris" is already there. As Harris attempts to prove his identity, "Harris" provides identification and a family photo, both of which have his face. Overwhelmed by the identity crisis, Harris loses consciousness and awakens back at the hospital. A terrorist named Smith kills Harris's attending nurse, but Harris is able to escape him.
Harris seeks help from a private investigator and former Stasi agent Ernst Jürgen. Harris's only clues are his father's book on botany and Gina, the taxi driver, an undocumented Bosnian immigrant who has been working at a diner since the crash. While Harris persuades her to help him, Jürgen researches Harris and the biotechnology summit, discovering it is to be attended by Prince Shada of Saudi Arabia. The prince is funding a secret project headed by Bressler, and has survived numerous assassination attempts. Jürgen suspects that the identity theft might be related.
Harris and Gina are attacked in her apartment by Smith and another terrorist, Jones; they escape after Gina kills Smith. Harris finds that Liz has written a series of numbers in his book, numbers that correspond to words found on specific pages. Using his schedule, Harris confronts Liz alone; she tells him that he left his briefcase at the airport. Meanwhile, Jürgen receives Cole at his office and reveals his findings of a secret terrorist group known as Section 15. Jürgen soon deduces that Cole is a former mercenary and member of the group. Knowing Cole is there to interrogate and kill him and with no way of escape, Jürgen commits suicide to protect Harris.
After retrieving his briefcase, Harris parts ways with Gina. When she sees him kidnapped by Cole and Jones, she steals a taxi and follows them. When Harris awakes, Cole explains that "Martin Harris" is just a cover name created by Harris. His head injury caused him to believe the cover persona was real; when Liz notified Cole of the injury, "Harris" was activated as his replacement. Gina runs over Jones before he can kill Harris, then rams Cole's van, killing him as well. After Harris finds a hidden compartment in his briefcase containing two Canadian passports, he remembers that he and Liz were in Berlin three months earlier to plant a bomb in Prince Shada's suite.
Now aware of his own role in the assassination plot, Harris seeks to redeem himself by thwarting it. Hotel security immediately arrests Harris and Gina, but Harris proves his earlier visit to the hotel. After security is convinced of the bomb's presence, they evacuate the hotel.
Harris realizes that Section 15's target is not Prince Shada, but Bressler, who has developed a genetically modified breed of corn capable of surviving harsh climates. Liz accesses Bressler's laptop and steals the data. With Bressler's death and the theft of his research, billions of dollars would fall into the wrong hands. Seeing that the assassination attempt has been foiled, Liz tries to disarm the bomb but fails and is killed when it explodes. Harris kills "Harris", the last remaining Section 15 terrorist, before he can murder Bressler. While Bressler announces that he is giving his project to the world for free, Harris and Gina—with new identities—board a train together.
Cast
Liam Neeson as Martin Harris
Diane Kruger as Gina
January Jones as Elizabeth "Liz" Harris
Aidan Quinn as imposter Martin
Frank Langella as Rodney Cole
Bruno Ganz as Ernst Jürgen, a former Stasi operative
Sebastian Koch as Professor Bressler
Stipe Erceg as Jones
Olivier Schneider as Smith
Rainer Bock as Herr Strauss (chief of hotel security)
Mido Hamada as Prince Shada
Karl Markovics as Dr. Farge
Eva Löbau as Nurse Gretchen Erfurt
Clint Dyer as Biko
Many German actors were cast for the film. Bock had previously starred in Inglourious Basterds (which also starred Diane Kruger) and The White Ribbon. Other cast includes Adnan Maral as a Turkish taxi driver and Petra Schmidt-Schaller as an immigration officer. Kruger herself is also German, despite playing a non-German character.
Production
Principal photography took place in early February 2010 in Berlin, Germany, and in the Studio Babelsberg film studios. The bridge the taxi plunges from is the Oberbaumbrücke. The Friedrichstraße was blocked for several nights for the shooting of a car chase. Some of the shooting was done in the Hotel Adlon. Locations include the Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Berlin Friedrichstraße station, Pariser Platz, Museum Island, the Oranienburger Straße in Berlin and the Leipzig/Halle Airport. According to Andrew Rona, the budget was $40 million. Producer Joel Silver's US company Dark Castle Entertainment contributed $30 million. German public film funds supported the production with €4.65 million (more than $6 million). The working title was Unknown White Male.
Release
Unknown was screened out of competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. It was released in the United States on 18 February 2011.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 200 reviews; the average rating is 5.81/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Liam Neeson elevates the proceedings considerably, but Unknown is ultimately too derivative – and implausible – to take advantage of its intriguing premise." On Metacritic the film has an average weighted score of 56 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
Richard Roeper gave the film a B+ and wrote, "At times, Unknown stretches plausibility to the near breaking point, but it's so well paced and the performances are so strong and most of the questions are ultimately answered. This is a very solid thriller." Justin Chang of Variety called it "an emotionally and psychologically threadbare exercise".
Box office
Unknown grossed $63.7 million in North America and $72.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $136.1 million.
It finished at number one opening at its first week of release with $21.9 million.
Television series
In June 2021, it was announced that a sequel television series based on the film is in development at TNT. The project will be produced by Dark Castle Entertainment where Sean Finegan will write the pilot, Karl Gajdusek and Speed Weed will serve as executive producers and show runners, Neeson also will serve as executive producer and Collet-Serra will direct the pilot and executive produce.
References
External links
Unknown at The Numbers
2011 films
2011 action thriller films
2010s mystery thriller films
2011 psychological thriller films
American action thriller films
American chase films
American mystery thriller films
British action thriller films
British chase films
British mystery thriller films
2010s English-language films
English-language French films
English-language German films
Films about altered memories
Films about amnesia
Films about murder
Films about terrorism in Europe
Films based on French novels
Films set in Berlin
Films shot in Berlin
French action thriller films
French mystery thriller films
German action thriller films
German mystery thriller films
2010s German-language films
Babelsberg Studio films
Dark Castle Entertainment films
Films scored by John Ottman
Films directed by Jaume Collet-Serra
Films produced by Joel Silver
Films about identity theft
Thanksgiving in films
Warner Bros. films |
6907878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorseddau%20Junction%20and%20Portmadoc%20Railway | Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway | The Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway is a defunct Welsh tramway.
The GJ&PR was a narrow-gauge railway connecting the slate quarries of Cwm Pennant with the wharves at Porthmadog harbour. It was built in 1872, partly as a conversion of the earlier Gorseddau Tramway, which in itself had incorporated the even earlier gauge Tremadoc Tramway. It opened to mineral and goods traffic in 1875.
Route and operation
The main line followed the route of the original Gorseddau Tramway from Porthmadog through Tremadoc, Penmorfa and Ynys-y-Pandy to Gorseddau quarry. On conversion, the line from Porthmadog to Braich-y-bib, just north of Ynys-y-Pandy, was regauged to . A new extension was added from Braich-y-bib. This led west along the Cwm Pennant before heading north to Cwm Trwsgl where inclines served the Prince of Wales and Dol-ifan-Gethin slate quarries and the Cwm Dywfor copper and lead mine. This branch added an additional 5 miles to the length of the railway, for a total length of 13 miles. At Porthmadog the last few hundred yards of the original Gorseddau route were abandoned and traffic was worked to the wharves over the Croesor Tramway. At around the same time the line from Braich-y-bib to Gorseddau quarry had been abandoned. The Prince of Wales quarry supplied most of the traffic for the railway during its existence.
Unlike its predecessor the GJ&PR had a single steam locomotive, a vertical boilered De Winton named Pert, although it continued to use horses as motive power for most of its existence. The locomotive is believed to have been disused after 1878, and to have been sold in 1896 to Glodd-fa'r-Glai Quarry which was connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Abandonment
By 1887 the railway had largely fallen into disuse as the mines and quarries it served failed, and by 1890 single wagons were being hand propelled to Porthmadog. The land the railway ran on was sold in 1897 by which time it had been dismantled. Between about 1903 and 1907, a short section of Gorseddau trackbed between the Cambrian Railways station in Porthmadog and the junction with the Croesor Tramway was again re-used to connect the Moel y Gest quarry tramway via the Croesor and the Festiniog to the wharves. Although the latter tramway closed in 1907 and was re-laid in 1919 as a standard-gauge siding of the Cambrian, this section survived until the early 1950s.
Ynys-y-Pandy Mill
The railway served the Ynys-y-Pandy Mill () a three-storey structure which processed slate from the Gorseddau Quarry. The mill was built in 1856-7 by Evan Jones of Garndolbenmaen and is believed to have been designed by James Brunlees. A curved ramp brought two branches of the railway into the mill on two different levels, one to the upper floor, the other to the middle floor. The building incorporated a diameter internal overshot water wheel. The mill produced flag-stones, dairy equipment, troughs, and urinals. The building was a venue for eisteddfodau until the roof was removed around 1906. The remains of the mill is Grade II* listed. The small waste tips at the site show that little slate was worked at the mill. In the 1980s the mill was bought by the Snowdonia National Park Authority and the stonework was repaired.
'Ynys y Pandy' is Welsh for 'Isle of Pandy' or 'Pandy Island'.
Further reading
References
External links
Surviving features and quarries served
Welsh Highland Railway
Early Welsh railway companies
Rail transport in Gwynedd
Industrial railways in Wales
Railway companies established in 1872
Railway companies disestablished in 1892
Railway lines opened in 1872
Narrow gauge railways in Gwynedd
2 ft gauge railways in Wales
Porthmadog
Dolbenmaen
Narrow gauge railways in Snowdonia |
6907917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokka | Lokka | Lokka may refer to:
Alternate form of Loki
Lokka Tattur
Lokka Reservoir
Lokka massacre |
26717131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Bay%20station | Deep Bay station | The Deep Bay station is located in Deep Bay, British Columbia. The station was a flag stop on Via Rail's Dayliner service. Service ended in 2011.
Footnotes
External links
Via Rail Station Description
Via Rail stations in British Columbia
Railway stations closed in 2011
Disused railway stations in Canada |
26717158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%20map%20%28disambiguation%29 | Gauss map (disambiguation) | Gauss map may refer to:
The Gauss map, a mapping of the Euclidean space onto a sphere
The Gauss iterated map, an iterated nonlinear map
The function see Gauss–Kuzmin–Wirsing operator
See also List of topics named after Carl Friedrich Gauss. |
6907926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Lisher | Greg Lisher | Greg Lisher (born 29 November 1963) is the lead guitar player for Camper Van Beethoven. He is also one of the founding members of the Camper Van Beethoven spin-off Indy prog rock group Monks of Doom.
He has also released three solo records. His first release, Handed Down the Wire was released in 2001 followed by the release of Trains Change in 2007. His latest release, the instrumental record Songs From the Imperial Garden was released in 2020.
Discography
with Camper Van Beethoven
Albums
II & III (1986)
Camper Van Beethoven (1986)
Vampire Can Mating Oven (1987)
Our Beloved Revolutionary Sweetheart (1988)
Key Lime Pie (1989)
Tusk (2002)
New Roman Times (2004)
La Costa Perdida (2013)
El Camino Real (2014)
Compilations and Special Releases
The Virgin Years (1993) (Camper Van Beethoven and Cracker)
Camper Vantiquities (1993) – rarities compilation
Cigarettes & Carrot Juice: The Santa Cruz Years (2002) – box set
In the Mouth of the Crocodile – Live in Seattle (2004) – live album
Discotheque CVB: Live In Chicago (2005) – live EP
Camper Van Beethoven Is Dead. Long Live Camper Van Beethoven (2000) – rarities
with Monks of Doom
Soundtrack to the Film "Breakfast on the Beach of Deception" (1987)
The Cosmodemonic Telegraph Company (1989)
Meridian (1991)
The Insect God (EP, 1992)
Forgery (1993)
What's Left For Kicks? (2004)
The Brönte Pin (2017)
Solo albums
Handed Down the Wire (2001)
Trains Change (2007)
Songs From the Imperial Garden (2020)
Other recordings (as guitarist )
Jonathan Segel – Storytelling (1989)
The Electric Chairmen – Toast (1996
Jonathan Segel – Edgy Not Antsy (2003)
With Victor Krummenacher
Victory Out in the Heat (1995)
Saint John's Mercy (1998)
The Cock Crows at Sunrise (2007)
Patriarch's Blues (2008)
Blue Pacific (2018)
Filthy thieving bastards A Melody of Retreads and Broken Quills (2001)
Camper van Chadbourne (1987)
External links
Greg Lisher collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
Camper Van Beethoven (official website)
Monks of Doom (official website)
greglisher.com (official website)
Bandcamp
Facebook
Living people
1963 births
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
Camper Van Beethoven members
Monks of Doom members
Filthy Thieving Bastards members
20th-century American male musicians |
26717205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunsmuir%20station%20%28British%20Columbia%29 | Dunsmuir station (British Columbia) | The Dunsmuir station is located in Dunsmuir, British Columbia. The station was a flag stop on Via Rail's Dayliner service. The station is on the Southern Railway of Vancouver Island mainline, first appearing in railway maps in 1918. The station is named after Robert Dunsmuir, one of the early founders of the railway. Service ended in 2011.
Footnotes
External links
Via Rail Station Description
Via Rail stations in British Columbia
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1918
Railway stations closed in 2011
Disused railway stations in Canada |
6907931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Chartered%20Pakistan | Standard Chartered Pakistan | Standard Chartered Pakistan () is a Pakistani banking and financial services company in Pakistan and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of British multinational bank Standard Chartered.
It is Pakistan's oldest and largest foreign commercial bank. It employs over 9000 people in its 43 branches in Pakistan.
History
The history of Standard Chartered in Pakistan dates back to 1863, when the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China first established its operations in Karachi.
In 2006, Standard Chartered Bank acquired Pakistan's Union Bank. On 30 December 2006, Standard Chartered merged Union Bank with its own subsidiary, Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan), to create Pakistan's sixth largest bank.
FinCEN
Standard Chartered was named in FinCEN leak, published by Buzzfeed News and the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ). It had four suspicious transactions flagged.
See also
Banking in Pakistan
Union Bank (Pakistan)
References
External links
Standard Chartered Pakistan
Banks of Pakistan
Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange
Standard Chartered
Pakistani subsidiaries of foreign companies |
6907963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drut%20%28river%29 | Drut (river) | The Drut, Druts or Druć (, ; , ) is a river in Belarus, a right tributary of Dnieper. It originates in the Orsha Upland in the Belarusian Ridge and flows through Vitebsk, Mogilev and Homiel provinces of Belarus. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .
The cities of Tolochin and Rogachev are located on the Drut.
The Chihirin Reservoir on the Drut river has an area of .
References
Rivers of Gomel Region
Rivers of Mogilev Region
Rivers of Vitebsk Region
Rivers of Belarus |
26717299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plimmerton%20railway%20station | Plimmerton railway station | Plimmerton railway station is on the North Island Main Trunk Railway (NIMT) in Plimmerton, Porirua, New Zealand, and is part of Wellington's Metlink suburban rail network operated by Transdev Wellington. It is double tracked around a long island platform, with subway access from Steyne Avenue and Plimmerton Domain's Park and Ride to the north, and a controlled crossing to Steyne Avenue and Mainline Steam at the south end of the platform. Mainline Steam, a heritage steam train restorer and operator, is located in the former goods yard next to the station.
Services
Plimmerton is the third station north of Porirua on the Kapiti Line for commuter trains operated by Transdev Wellington under the Metlink brand contracted to the Greater Wellington Regional Council. Services between Wellington and Porirua or Waikanae are operated by electric multiple units of the FT/FP class (Matangi). Two diesel-hauled carriage trains, the Capital Connection and the Northern Explorer, pass through the station but do not stop.
All suburban services running between Wellington and Plimmerton or Waikanae stop at Plimmerton. Off-peak trains stop at all stations between Wellington and Waikanae. During peak periods, some trains from Wellington that stop at all stations may terminate at Porirua and return to Wellington while a number of peak services run express or non-stop between Wellington and Porirua before stopping at all stations from Porirua to Waikanae. Plimmerton is the northern terminus for some peak period trains which terminate at Plimmerton and return to Wellington.
Travel times by train are thirty-one minutes to Waikanae, eight minutes to Porirua, twenty-nine minutes to Wellington for trains stopping at all stations, and twenty-five minutes for express trains that do not stop between Porirua and Wellington.
Trains run every twenty minutes during daytime off-peak hours, more frequently during peak periods, and less frequently at night. Before July 2018, off-peak passenger train services between Wellington and Waikanae ran every thirty minutes but were increased to one every twenty minutes from 15 July 2018.
Mack's Track, a railway model specialist, operates a destination store, ticket agency and kiosk inside the station, and maintains a waiting room. Bicycle racks and lockers are also provided on the platform. A park and ride car park adjoining the station is located at Plimmerton Domain.
In 2021 upgrading of the Plimmerton railway station by addition of a train loop/turnback facility started, to be completed by 2023. Some trains will then turn around at Plimmerton rather than Porirua thus increasing the peak capacity of the line by reducing the number of passengers on trains to Waikanae.
History
The rail corridor through Plimmerton was built by the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company (WMR). The line reached Plimmerton in 1885 and proved to be a very popular beach destination for weekend visitors from Wellington who would ride the train to Plimmerton to "take the waters".
The original station building constructed in 1885 was on the west side of the line, and was replaced with the current station in 1940 when double tracking was completed. There were also several other tracks and a goods shed. For many years, the new station also served as a venue for the community. The station was staffed until 1989 and still houses a control panel used for access for Mainline Steam's trains and other rail operations.
The station building was identified as being of special importance under the Village Strategy Plan put together by the Plimmerton Residents' Association (PRA) as a part of Porirua City Council's Village Planning Programme.
Station building reopening
The station building was closed to the public from October 1989. Faced with the threat of demolition in 2004, the local community and Porirua City Council sought to organise the support needed to repair the empty station rather than have it replaced by minimalist shelters. Funding and implementing the repairs was not resolved until 2009, when Tranz Metro and the PRA signed a Community Rail Partnership (CRP) to govern the restoration and future use of the station building, and Tranz Metro and Mack's Track (a model railway retailer) signed an Agreement to Lease (ATL) the building if it was made good. With the participation of other stakeholders, including Porirua City Council and the Rail Heritage Trust of New Zealand, this CRP created a framework for repairs and other work to commence, and the ATL provided for a tenant to occupy the building on an ongoing basis once the project was finished.
An important part of this successful small scale transit-oriented development was Mack's Track occupying the station building when finished and providing a ticket agency, cafe and destination store as well as acting as a "Station Master" with the PRA for a public waiting room and other facilities for train passengers and the local community.
The restored station building was reopened on 10 October 2010, commemorating the 125th anniversary of trains to Plimmerton, 70 years since the opening of the existing station building and electrification of the line and 21 years since the station building had been closed to the public.
The Plimmerton Station Restoration Project has been applauded for its successful partnering of the community with the rail operator and the local authority to enable the preservation of local heritage while enhancing the operation of a modern rail transit system. The project received a Rail Heritage Trust of New Zealand Restoration Award in 2011, being recognised as "a model for other station restorations throughout the country."
References
External links
Railway stations in New Zealand
Rail transport in Wellington
Buildings and structures in Porirua
Railway stations opened in 1885 |
26717306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Island%20Film%20Festival | Big Island Film Festival | The Big Island Film Festival is a film festival held at the Mauna Lani Resort on the Kohala Coast on the Big Island of Hawaii.
The festival, which has been held every May between 2006 and 2016, features short and feature films by independent filmmakers from around the world, as well as food and beverage events, celebrities and Hawaiian music and culture. New independent narrative films are eligible for Golden Honu Awards. Founder is Leo Sears. Currently the future of the festival is uncertain as it has not been organized for the last 3 years.
Named one of the "25 Coolest Film Festivals" in 2009 by MovieMaker Magazine.
References
External links
Official Site
Film festivals in Hawaii
Film festivals established in 1999 |
26717308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualicum%20Beach%20station | Qualicum Beach station | Qualicum Beach station is a former railway station in Qualicum Beach, British Columbia. The station was a stop on Via Rail's Dayliner service, which ended in 2011. It is located two blocks from the centre of town and 1 km from the beach.
References
External links
Via Rail stations in British Columbia
Disused railway stations in Canada |
6907994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Castiglia | Jim Castiglia | James Vincent Castiglia (September 30, 1918 – December 26, 2007) was an American football fullback in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Philadelphia Eagles. He also played for the Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference. In 1941 he played his first season with the Eagles, carrying the ball 60 times for 183 yards.
In 1942 Castiglia left the NFL to play professional baseball in the major leagues. Castiglia played for the Philadelphia Athletics, and is recorded as a catcher, but was mostly used as a pinch-hitter, catching in just three games. He is one of many ballplayers who only appeared in the major leagues during World War II. Though he only played 16 games, he hit extremely well, going 7-for-18, a .389 batting average. He had two runs batted in and scored two runs. During his season, the 23-year-old rookie, a graduate of Georgetown University, stood 5'11" and weighed 200 lbs.
Following World War II, Castiglia returned to the NFL to play the 1945 and 1946 seasons with the Eagles. In 1947, he played two games with the Colts before moving to the Redskins. Castiglia retired from the NFL following the 1948 season.
Castiglia died December 26, 2007, in Rockville, Maryland. He is buried in Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Aspen Hill, Maryland.
References
External links
1918 births
2007 deaths
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Silver Spring, Maryland)
Sportspeople from Passaic, New Jersey
Georgetown Hoyas football players
American football running backs
United States Army personnel of World War II
Philadelphia Eagles players
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) players
Washington Redskins players
Major League Baseball catchers
Baseball players from New Jersey
Philadelphia Athletics players
Passaic High School alumni
Military personnel from New Jersey |
26717448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Peterson%20%28Australian%20footballer%29 | Carl Peterson (Australian footballer) | Carl Peterson (born 3 July 1987) is a former Australian rules football player, who with the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League. Peterson was also listed with the Richmond Football Club but didn't play a game for the club.
More recently, Peterson pulled on the boots for Perth Football League team SNESA. SNESA has attracted some big name AFL stars in recent times and Peterson was a catalyst to the moves.
Peterson was born in Meekatharra, Western Australia and moved to Kununurra when he was two, before moving to Perth to finish Year 12, where he trained and played football with the Clontarf Football Academy. He was then recruited by Claremont Football Club in the Western Australian Football League (WAFL). He played five games for Claremont in 2006, including two finals.
Peterson was originally drafted by Richmond in the 2006 AFL Draft. He was a fourth round pick, number 60 overall, but he was delisted by the Tigers at the end of the 2007 season without playing a game. Following this, he joined Northern Territory Football League (NTFL) club St Mary's and was in the Saints' 2007/08 premiership side. He was then redrafted into the AFL by with the 61st overall of the 2009 Rookie Draft.
He made his AFL debut in the opening round of the 2010 AFL season and performed well, kicking a goal and gathering 15 disposals in the first half before copping a heavy knock early in the second half. He played seventeen games for Hawthorn, all in 2010.
In 2012, Peterson signed to play for the Victorian Football League's Northern Blues.
Statistics
|- style=background:#EAEAEA
| 2007 || || 28
| 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 0
|-
| 2009 || || 48
| 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 0
|- style=background:#EAEAEA
| 2010 || || 48
| 17 || 13 || 9 || 131 || 89 || 220 || 73 || 53 || 0.8 || 0.5 || 7.7 || 5.2 || 12.9 || 4.3 || 3.1 || 0
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 17 !! 13 !! 9 !! 131 !! 89 !! 220 !! 73 !! 53 !! 0.8 !! 0.5 !! 7.7 !! 5.2 !! 12.9 !! 4.3 !! 3.1 !! 0
|}
External links
Notes
Hawthorn Football Club players
Box Hill Football Club players
Claremont Football Club players
St Mary's Football Club (NTFL) players
Preston Football Club (VFA) players
1987 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
People from Meekatharra, Western Australia
People from the Kimberley (Western Australia)
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Darwin Football Club players |
6908019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt.%20Petsound%27s%20Lonely%20Hearts%20Club%20Band | Sgt. Petsound's Lonely Hearts Club Band | Sgt. Petsound's Lonely Hearts Club Band is a track-for-track mash-up of The Beach Boys’ Pet Sounds with The Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by Clayton Counts, posted on his blog. It was released under the pseudonym "The Beachles" and received favorable mentions in Entertainment Weekly and USA Today, as well as blogs around the world. Sometime around September 8, 2006, Counts received a cease and desist order from EMI's attorneys. Notably, the letter included a demand for Counts to hand over the IP addresses of everyone who downloaded or streamed the songs. Counts removed the songs, but refused to give up the IPs and fired back with a lengthy missive on his blog. The incident drew the attention of the Associated Press and Rolling Stone, and resulted in a letter-writing campaign and a boycott of EMI and Capitol Records on behalf of Counts.
Counts linked to the tracker site isoHunt as a place to still download the album after his cease and desist letter.
Track listing
"Wouldn't Sgt. Petsound Be Nice?"
"You Still Believe in My Friends"
"That's Not Lucy"
"Don't Talk (Get Better)"
"I'm Fixing It, Dayhole"
"She's Going Away for Awhile"
"Being for the Benefit of Sloop John B!"
"God Only Knows What I'd Be Within You"
"I Know There're Sixty-Four Answers"
"Today, Rita"
"I Just Wasn’t Made for Good Mornings"
"Sgt. Petsound's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprieve)"
"A Day in the Life of Caroline"
"Runout Groove"
References
External links
Beachles Update, Tiny Mix Tapes' interview with Clayton Counts
Bad Vibrations, CBC article
Mashup albums
The Beatles bootleg recordings
2006 remix albums
The Beatles remix albums
Unofficial remix albums
Musical tributes to the Beach Boys
The Beatles tribute albums
Sampling controversies |
26717461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parksville%20station | Parksville station | The Parksville station is a former railway station in Parksville, British Columbia. It was a stop on Via Rail's Dayliner service, which ended in 2011.
Footnotes
External links
Via Rail Station Description
Via Rail stations in British Columbia
Parksville, British Columbia
Railway stations closed in 2011
Disused railway stations in Canada |
6908058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Markov | Alexander Markov | Alexander Markov is a Russian American violinist who has received awards from the Paganini International Violin Competition (gold medal) and the Avery Fisher Career Grant. He is known for his recording of Paganini's 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, particularly for his interpretation of the left-hand pizzicato section of the 24th Caprice. A film of Markov playing the Caprices was directed by Bruno Monsaingeon.
Markov was born in Moscow and studied violin with his father, concert violinist Albert Markov. By the time he was eight years old, he was appearing as a soloist with orchestras and performing double concertos with his father. Markov emigrated to the U.S. with his parents and received his United States citizenship in 1982. He made his New York debut recital at Carnegie Hall and appeared with Christoph Eschenbach conducting the Mostly Mozart Festival Orchestra at Avery Fisher Hall.
Markov has recorded for the Erato label, distributed worldwide by Warner Classics. His releases have included the Tchaikovsky pieces for violin and piano. He has performed with Charles Dutoit, Ivan Fischer, Neeme Järvi, Zdeněk Mácal, Lorin Maazel, and Gerard Schwarz. He has performed with the orchestras such as the Philadelphia Orchestra, Orchestre de Paris, the BBC Symphony, the Montreal Symphony, the Budapest Festival Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, the New Jersey Symphony, the Seattle Symphony and Houston, Baltimore, Cincinnati and Jerusalem orchestras. He played to great acclaim at the Llandeilo Music festival in west Wales in July 2012.
Yehudi Menuhin has written "He is without doubt one of the most brilliant and musical of violinists… Alexander Markov will certainly leave his mark on the music-lovers of the world and in the annals of the violin virtuosi of our day".
External links
Living people
American violinists
American male violinists
21st-century violinists
21st-century American male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Erato Records artists |
26717534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%20iterated%20map | Gauss iterated map | In mathematics, the Gauss map (also known as Gaussian map or mouse map), is a nonlinear iterated map of the reals into a real interval given by the Gaussian function:
where α and β are real parameters.
Named after Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, the function maps the bell shaped Gaussian function similar to the logistic map.
Properties
In the parameter real space can be chaotic. The map is also called the mouse map because its bifurcation diagram resembles a mouse (see Figures).
References
Chaotic maps |
26717586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoose%20Bay%20station | Nanoose Bay station | Nanoose Bay station is a former railway station in Nanoose Bay, British Columbia. The station was a stop on Via Rail's Dayliner service, which ended in 2011. The station is on the Southern Railway of Vancouver Island mainline.
Footnotes
External links
Via Rail Station Description
Via Rail stations in British Columbia
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1930
Railway stations closed in 2011
Disused railway stations in Canada |
23578947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Pacific%20Life%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20doubles | 2002 Pacific Life Open – Women's doubles | Nicole Arendt and Ai Sugiyama were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Arendt with Liezel Huber and Sugiyama with Elena Tatarkova.
Sugiyama and Tatarkova lost in the second round to Elena Dementieva and Janette Husárová.
Arendt and Huber lost in the quarterfinals to Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez.
Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs won in the final 7–5, 6–0 against Dementieva and Husárová.
Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
Draw
Final
Top half
Bottom half
Qualifying
Qualifying seeds
Qualifiers
Rika Hiraki / Nana Miyagi
Lucky losers
Qualifying draw
External links
Official results archive (ITF)
Official results archive (WTA)
2002 Pacific Life Open
Pacific Life Open |
26717588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mirror%20of%20the%20Mind%20of%20Samantabhadra | The Mirror of the Mind of Samantabhadra | The Mirror of the Mind of Samantabhadra () is one of the Seventeen tantras of Dzogchen Upadesha.
English discourse
In the Lungi Terdzö (Wylie: lung gi gter mdzod) the prose autocommentary by Longchenpa (1308 – 1364 or possibly 1369) to his Chöying Dzö (Wylie: chos dbyings mdzod) -- which are numbered amongst the Seven Treasuries (Wylie: mdzod chen bdun) -- the following embedded quotation from this Tantra has been rendered into English by Barron, et al. (2001: p. 8) and the Wylie has been secured from Wikisource and interspersed and embedded in the English gloss for probity:
"You should understand that the nature of all phenomena is that of the five aspects of Samantabhadra [chos thams cad kun tu bzang po lnga'i rang bzhin du shes par bya'o]. What are these? you ask [de yang gang zhe na 'di lta ste]. They are Samantabhadra as nature [rang bzhin kun tu bzang po dang], Samantabhadra as adornment [rgyan kun tu bzang po dang], Samantabhadra as teacher [ston pa kun tu bzang po dang], Samantabhadra as awareness [rig pa kun tu bzang po dang], and Samantabhadra as realization [rtogs pa kun tu bzang po'o]."'Kun tu bzang po thugs kyi me long gi rgyud'. Source: (accessed: Monday April 5, 2010)
"Phenomena" in the abovementioned quotation should be understood as a rendering of dharmas (Sanskrit) which may also be glossed "constituent factors". "Nature" (rang bzhin) is an analogue of svabhava (Sanskrit). "Awareness" is a gloss of rigpa (Tibetan). Though Buddhism is for the most part non-theistic, Dzogchen and other Buddhadharma traditions often personify attributes or qualities with a deity in textual discourse as Samantabhadra herein is the Adi-Buddha (to be clearly discerned from the namesake Bodhisattva) and is iconographically "attributeless" and "unadorned", the "primordial Buddha", and Samantabhadra is often so for many textual traditions of Dzogchen in both lineagues of Bonpo and Nyingmapa. Following Longchenpa, wherever Samantabhadra is Samantabhadri is evident indivisibly in Yab-yum (Tibetan).
Primary resources
Kun tu bzang po thugs kyi me long gi rgyud in Wylie @ Wikisource
ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་མེ་ལོང་གི་རྒྱུད in Tibetan Script (Uchen) Unicode @ Wikisource
References
Dzogchen texts
Nyingma tantras |
23578950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaeo%20River | Kaeo River | The Kaeo River is a river of the far north of New Zealand's North Island. It flows through the north of the North Auckland Peninsula, reaching the sea at the Whangaroa Harbour. The small town of Kaeo sits on its banks, from the river's mouth.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahurangi%20River | Kahurangi River | The Kahurangi River is a short river in the northwest of New Zealand's South Island. It flows through the northwest of the Kahurangi National Park, reaching the Tasman Sea just to the south of Kahurangi Point.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Tasman District
Kahurangi National Park
Rivers of New Zealand |
44505293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20BeiDou%20satellites | List of BeiDou satellites | This is a list of past and present satellites of the BeiDou/Compass navigation satellite system. , 44 satellites are operational: 7 in geostationary orbits (GEO), 10 in 55° inclined geosynchronous orbits (IGSO) and 27 in Medium Earth orbits (MEO). Furthermore, 5 satellites (2 in Medium Earth orbit, 1 in geostationary orbit and 2 in inclined geosynchronous orbit) are undergoing testing or commissioning. The full constellation consists of 35 satellites and was completed on 23 June 2020.
Satellites
Summary table
Full list
Medium Earth Orbit Satellites Orbital slots
See also
List of Galileo satellites
List of GLONASS satellites
List of GPS satellites
List of NAVIC satellites
References
External links
BeiDou Constellation Status (Test and Assessment Research Center of China Satellite Navigation Office)
BeiDou |
26717592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicroidium | Dicroidium | Dicroidium is an extinct genus of fork-leaved seed ferns that were widely distributed over Gondwana during the Triassic (). Their fossils are known from South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent and Antarctica. They were first discovered in Triassic sediments of Tasmania by Morris in 1845. Fossils from the Umm Irna Formation in Jordan and in Pakistan indicate that these plants already existed in Late Permian. Late surviving members of the genus are known from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) of East Antarctica. Within paleobotany, Dicroidium is a form genus used to refers to the leaves, associated with ovuluate organs classified as Umkomasia and pollen organs classified as Pteruchus, while Dicroidum is also used collectively to refer to the whole plant.
Description
The leaves are similar to those of modern ferns but like all seed ferns (Pteridospermatophyta) were thick and had substantial cuticles. Dicroidium differs from other seed fern leaves in having a forked rachis; giving the appearance of two fern leaves joined at the base. These plants had male and female reproductive structures. Following the form generic nomenclature of paleobotany, male pollen-bearing structures are separately named Pteruchus and the female structures Umkomasia.
Whole plant reconstructions
Different organs attributed to the same original plant can be reconstructed from co-occurrence at the same locality and from similarities in the stomatal apparatus and other anatomical peculiarities of fossilized cuticles.
Dicroidium odontopteroides may have been produced by the same plant as Umkomasia macleanii (ovulate structures) and Pteruchus africanus (pollen organs).
Dicroidium zuberi may have been produced by the same plant as Umkomasia feistmantelii (ovulate structures) and Pteruchus barrealensis (pollen organs)
References
Bomfleur, B. and Kerp, H. (2010). Dicroidium diversity in the Upper Triassic of north Victoria Land, East Antarctica.
Triassic plants
Fossil taxa described in 1912
Pteridospermatophyta |
23578955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Gillard | Stuart Gillard | Stuart Thomas Gillard (born April 28, 1950) is a Canadian film, writer, producer and television director. He is best known for directing the films Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III (1993) and RocketMan (1997). He also wrote and directed the romance film Paradise in 1982, his directing debut.
As a television director, Gillard's credits include Bordertown, The Outer Limits, the original Charmed and its reboot series, One Tree Hill and 90210. He has also directed numerous television films, many for ABC Family and Disney Channel such as Girl vs. Monster and Twitches.
As an actor, Gillard won the Canadian Film Award for Best Actor in 1975 for his performance as a journalist in the film Why Rock the Boat?, and appeared in the 1970s sitcom Excuse My French.
Acting filmography
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Film directors from Alberta
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian male television actors
Canadian television directors
Canadian television producers
People from the County of Paintearth No. 18
Male actors from Alberta
Directors Guild of America Award winners
Best Actor Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
20th-century Canadian male actors |
17341050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Papasan | Jay Papasan | Jay Papasan is an American writer and business executive. He is best known for co-authoring, with Gary Keller, books such as The Millionaire Real Estate Investor, which both became a New York Times best-seller and a BusinessWeek best-seller, and The ONE Thing, which reached #1 on the Wall Street Journal business best-seller list. Papasan is the vice president of publishing and executive editor at KellerINK, the publishing arm of Keller Williams Realty. He and his wife Wendy are owners of The Papasan Real Estate Team. In 2014 he was named one of the Most Powerful People in Real Estate by Swanepoel Power 200.
Early life and education
In an interview Papasan recalled typing on an old manual typewriter when he was 12 years old. He attended the Harding Academy in Memphis, Tennessee, graduating in 1987. Papasan attended the University of Memphis where his roommate encouraged him to expand his vocabulary using word habits. After earning his degree in English and French, he traveled to France where he worked as a translator for two and a half years. Papasan was only allowed to work 20 hours a week which was the maximum allowed in the country for the visa he was on, and used his free time to write short stories. He returned from France to attend New York University, earning a Master's degree from its graduate writing program.
Career
After graduating from NYU, Papasan took a job as an editorial assistant at New Market Press. He then moved on to HarperCollins where he worked several years as an associate editor. While at HarperCollins, he started working with David Hirshey, a 10 year deputy editor at Esquire. It was with Hirshey that Papasan published his first best-seller, Go For the Goal: A Champion's Guide to Winning in Soccer and Life by Mia Hamm.
Papasan moved from New York to Austin, Texas with his wife Wendy in February 2000. He freelanced while looking for work, eventually landing as a newsletter writer for Keller Williams Realty. He worked in various positions within the company, learning about the real estate industry and eventually learning that co-founder Gary Keller was planning to write a book. Papasan ran into Keller and asked him if he was aware that he had previously worked in publishing. He spoke with Keller about Keller's plans to write 14 books, showing him two books that he wanted to model on. After Papasan pointed out to Keller that he in fact edited those books during his days at HarperCollins, Keller hired him to help write and edit their first book together.
In 2003, Papasan founded KellerINK along with Gary Keller. The first book published by KellerINK was The Millionaire Real Estate Agent, a book authored by Papasan, Keller, and Dave Jenks in 2004. The book became a BusinessWeek best-seller. He co-authored a second book with Keller and Jenks in 2005. Titled The Millionaire Real Estate Investor, the book appeared on both the BusinessWeek best-seller list and The New York Times Best Seller list.
Papasan continued his writing career in 2007 when he collaborated with Rick Villani and Clay Davis on the book FLIP: How to Buy, Fix and Sell Homes for Profit. The following year he co-authored Your First Home, again with Keller and Jenks, and in 2009, the team wrote SHIFT: How Top Agents Tackle Tough Times, which was Nielsen BookScan's #1 Real Estate Book for 2009. The book also appeared on The Wall Street Journal Business bestseller list and The New York Times Business bestseller list. In 2011, Papasan worked with Buddy Norman to create Shift Commercial: How Top Commercial Brokers Tackle Tough Times. The third book in the "Millionaire" investor series, HOLD: How to Find, Buy, and Rent Houses for Wealth, debuted in 2012 on USA Today's bestselling book list.
Keller and Papasan published their first non-real estate book in April 2013, The ONE Thing: The Surprisingly Simple Truth Behind Extraordinary Results. The book reached #1 on the Wall Street Journal business bestseller list. It was also a bestseller on The New York Times and USA Today bestseller lists. Hudson Booksellers named The ONE Thing one of the five best business interest books of 2013. Papasan has been featured in publications including Forbes and Dave Ramsey’s EntreLeadership Review.
Papasan's freelance work has appeared in Texas Monthly and Memphis Magazine.
Bibliography
References
External links
Jay Papasan official website
Papasan Properties Group Website
KellerINK Website
American business writers
Living people
People from Austin, Texas
American real estate brokers
New York University alumni
University of Memphis alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23578958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahutara%20River | Kahutara River | The Kahutara River is a river of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southeast from the Seaward Kaikoura Range, reaching the Pacific Ocean at the tiny settlement of Peketa, southwest of Kaikoura.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
17341054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandy%20%28disambiguation%29 | Bandy (disambiguation) | Bandy is a winter sport.
Bandy may also refer to:
Bandy (carriage), a cart used in India and Sri Lanka
Bandy (surname), a surname
Bandy-bandy, a snake
Bandy Creek, Western Australia, suburb in Australia
Bandy Farms Historic District, United States
Bandy Island, Antarctica
Bandy, Virginia, an unincorporated community in the United States
Dr. Robert W. Bandy House, historic house in the United States
"Bandy legs" or "bandiness"; see genu varum
See also
Bandi (disambiguation)
Band (disambiguation) |
23578960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaihu%20River | Kaihu River | The Kaihu River is a river of the far north of New Zealand's North Island. It flows southeast from just south of Waipoua Forest, reaching the Wairoa River at the town of Dargaville.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
23578961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiikanui%20River | Kaiikanui River | The Kaiikanui River is a river of Northland, New Zealand.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
23578966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaikou%20River | Kaikou River | The Kaikou River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows initially north, then east, and finally south, from its source approximately halfway between Dargaville and Kaikohe, before joining with the Moengawahine Stream to become the Hikurangi River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Whangarei District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
6908083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9gory%20Gaultier | Grégory Gaultier | Grégory Gaultier (born 23 December 1982, in Épinal, France) is a former professional squash player from France. He has won the 2015 World Open Squash Championship, the British Open three times, in 2007, 2014 and 2017, the Qatar Classic in 2011, the US Open twice, in 2006 and 2013, the Tournament of Champions in 2009, and the PSA World Series Finals thrice, in 2008, 2009 and 2016. He reached the final of the World Open in 2006, 2007, 2011 and 2013, and the World No. 1 ranking in 2009. Gaultier is affectionately known to his friends as The General.
Career overview
Gaultier was the European junior squash champion in 2000 and 2001. He also won a British Junior Open title and finished as the runner-up at the World Junior Squash Championships.
In 2003, Gaultier was a member of the French team which finished runners-up to Australia at the World Team Squash Championships. In the semi-finals against England, Gaultier won the deciding match against Lee Beachill which took France through to the final.
At the 2006 World Open, Gaultier defeated World No. 1 and defending-champion Amr Shabana in the semi-finals, before losing in five games in the final to David Palmer 11–9, 11–9, 9–11, 10–11 (4–6), 2–11. In 2007, Gaultier again reached the World Open final, losing 7–11, 4–11, 6–11 to Shabana.
At the 2007 British Open, Gaultier defeated his fellow Frenchman Thierry Lincou in the final 11–4, 10–12, 11–6, 11–3. He became the first French winner of the British Open.
At the 2009 Tournament of Champions, Gaultier defeated the world No.1 Karim Darwish in the semifinal, and beat Nick Matthew in the final with a score 11–9, (2–11), 11–8, 11–4. He is the only Frenchman to have won the title.
Gaultier moved to the top of the world ranking in November 2009, a feat achieved after losing in the final of the Hong Kong Open a month earlier. In 2009 he became the second French player to become world no 1.
Gaultier has since won the Qatar Classic and reached the semi-finals of the J.P. Morgan Tournament of Champions, and later won the Case Swedish Open after dispatching Karim Darwish in the finals.
In 2013 he was Gold medalist of the World Games in Cali against Simon Rösner in the final. He won the US Open against Nick Matthew 11–4, 11–5, 11–5. Two weeks later, he reached the World Championship final for the fourth time, losing again 11–9, 11–9, 11–13, 7-11, 11–2 to Nick Matthew.
In February 2014 he once again reached the top of the World Ranking, but again only for a month, as was the case in November 2009. One month later, in March, he won the Metro Squash Windy City Open, another PSA World Series tournament in the University Club of Chicago beating the apparently injured Ramy Ashour in the final 11–7, 11–3, 11–4. In April he reached World Number 1 ranking for the third time.
In May he won the British Open for the second time beating Nick Matthew in a very quick final 11–3, 11–6, 11–2.
In October 2021 Gaultier announced his retirement from the PSA World Tour.
World Open final appearances
1 title & 4 runner-up
Major World Series final appearances
British Open: 5 finals (3 titles, 2 runner-up)
Tournament of Champions: 4 finals (1 title, 3 runner-up)
Hong Kong Open: 5 finals (0 title, 5 runner-up)
Qatar Classic: 3 finals (1 title, 2 runner-up)
US Open: 4 finals (3 titles, 1 runner-up)
See also
Official Men's Squash World Ranking
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Épinal
French male squash players
World Games gold medalists
Competitors at the 2013 World Games
World Games medalists in squash |
23578967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaimarama%20River | Kaimarama River | The Kaimarama River is a river of New Zealand's Coromandel Peninsula. It flows from its source within Coromandel Forest Park, joining with the Mahakirau River to flow into Whitianga Harbour on the peninsula's east coast.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Thames-Coromandel District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand |
6908094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer%20Jump%20Recording | Layer Jump Recording | Layer Jump Recording (LJR) is a writing method used for DVD-R DL (Dual Layer).
Overview
LJR permits recording the disc per increments called session (see Optical disc authoring), a.k.a. multi-session. It also permits a faster closing of the disc by saving extraneous padding when the amount of recorded data does not fill-up the disc. It overcomes these limitations of Sequential Recording (SR), the writing method usually applied to write-once optical media.
The layer jump is a switch (jump) between the layer closer to the laser head (referred as L0) to the farther layer (referred as L1), or vice versa. Jumping layers is already necessary for reading multiple layer optical media (so far market released products are limited to two layers despite some research prototypes having up to eight layers), as well as for recording them with Sequential Recording. However the layer jump during the recording occurs only once, at the position called Middle Area, during a Sequential Recording, while it may occur multiple times with Layer Jump Recording.
Two different Layer Jump methods are defined: Manual Layer Jump and Regular Layer Jump. The first require the software to specify to the hardware each jump point from layer zero to layer one (the jump from layer one to layer zero occurring always at the symmetric jump point). The latter requires the software to specify to the hardware only once the jumping interval size.
This technology was championed by Pioneer Corporation, optical device manufacturer among other things, and introduced to the market in 2005. The physical part of the technology was first specified within DVD Forum, and then a matching device command set was introduced to the Mt Fuji specification (which eventually was replicated within the MMC specification). Later the Layer Jump Recording impacted the UDF file system specification.
Unlike most recording methods, Layer Jump Recording was not unanimously adopted by optical driver manufacturers. The limited backward compatibility with legacy optical devices, complexity of device firmware implementation, need of significant software update for support and the slightly awkward writing sequencing, slowed down the adoption. In 2006, drives supporting the Layer Jump Recording methods were released by Pioneer itself, Plextor, BenQ, Lite-On, and Sony. The technology was also supported by optical drive chipsets from key manufacturer MediaTek.
The technology is supported by multiple recording software, but also not unanimously supported. Nero, Sonic/Roxio, CyberLink and Ulead Systems claim support for Layer Jump Recording in their software.
External links
Mt Fuji Commands for Multimedia Devices Version 8, 5.18.1.1 Three Recording Modes for DVD-R DL disc by the SFF Committee
Nero - First To Support Layer-Jump Recording (LJR) of dual-layer DVD-R media
CyberLink Partners with MediaTek to Deliver DVD-R Dual Layer Recording
Ulead Taking Advantage of the Increased Capacity of Dual and Double Layer Media
SCSI
DVD |
26717594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Dumbo | SS Dumbo | Dumbo was a coaster which was built in 1944 by John Lewis & Sons Ltd, Aberdeen as
Empire Chelsea. She was built for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). In 1947 she was sold and renamed Humbergate. Another sale in 1955 saw her renamed Springwear. In 1959, she was sold and renamed Lynnwear. In 1962 she was sold to Panama and renamed Dumbo. In 1968 she was arrested in Spain and sold by Court Order. She then ran aground and the sale was cancelled after the ship was declared a constructive total loss. Another sale resulted in plans to turn her into a floating nightclub, but these failed to come to fruition and she was scrapped c1970.
Description
The ship was built by John Lewis & Sons Ltd, Aberdeen. She was launched on 18 December 1944 and completed in February 1945.
The ship was long, with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 1,051and a NRT of 586.
The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of inches (57 cm), and diameter by stroke.
History
Empire Chelsea was built for the MoWT She was placed under the management of Onesimus Dorey & Sons Ltd, Guernsey. The Code Letters GDTQ and United Kingdom Official Number 180987 were allocated. Her port of registry was Aberdeen.
In 1947, Empire Chelsea was sold to the Hull Gates Shipping Co Ltd, Hull and was renamed Humbergate. She was operated under the management of Craggs & Jenkins Ltd. In 1955, Humbergate was sold to Efford Shipping Co Ltd and was renamed Springwear She was operated under the management of Springwell Shipping Co Ltd, London. A further sale in 1959 to the Lynn Shipping Co Ltd, London saw her renamed Lynnwear.
In 1962, Lynnwear was sold to the South Star Corporation, Panama and renamed Dumbo. She was placed under the management of V & J A Ensenat, Spain. In October 1968, Dumbo was placed under arrest at Las Palmas. She was later sold at auction by Court Order. The winning bidder was Naviera del Odiel, SA. However, on 24 November 1968 she was driven ashore at Las Palmas. The ship was declared a constructive total loss and the offer for purchase of the ship was withdrawn by Naviera de Odiel. Ownership of the ship was assumed by the Port Authority at Las Palmas. Dumbo was refloated in May 1969 and beached. She was sold by auction on 10 December 1969. Her new owner intended to convert her to a floating nightclub but the plans were abandoned. The ship was eventually sold to Don Martin Juantey Malvarez and scrapped c1970.
References
External links
Photo of Humbergate
Photo of Lynnwear
1944 ships
Ships built in Aberdeen
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of Panama
Merchant ships of Panama
Maritime incidents in 1968 |
26717600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamogeton%20nodosus | Potamogeton nodosus | Potamogeton nodosus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names longleaf pondweed and Loddon pondweed. It is native to Eurasia and the Americas, where it is widespread and can be found in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams. This is a perennial herb producing a thin, branching stem easily exceeding a meter in maximum length. The leaves are linear to widely lance-shaped and up to 15 centimeters long by 4 wide. Both floating leaves and submerged leaves are borne on long petioles, a distinguishing characteristic. The inflorescence is a spike of many small flowers arising from the water on a peduncle.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Flora of North America
Photo gallery
nodosus
Flora of North America
Flora of South America
Flora of Europe
Flora of Asia
Plants described in 1816
Freshwater plants |
26717685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humbergate | Humbergate | Humbergate may refer to a number of things.
Humbergate, Ontario, Canada
, a British cargo ship in service 1947-55 |
23578968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlego%20AG%20v%20Tyco%20Industries%20Inc | Interlego AG v Tyco Industries Inc | Interlego AG v Tyco Industries Inc ([1989] AC 217, also known informally as the Lego case or the Lego brick case) was a case in copyright law that originated in Hong Kong that eventually went before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom.
Action
The plaintiff, Interlego AG, sued the defendant, Tyco Industries, for copyright infringement of its Lego bricks. However, it had previously registered its design. Under section 10 of the Copyright Act 1956, the right to protection as a registered design and copyright were not cumulative rights. The copyright was also a stronger right than the right to protection as a registered design. It had a longer duration.
Thus the plaintiff also moved for the court to determine that its bricks did not qualify for design protection under section 10 of the Copyright Act, so that they could qualify for copyright protection. To do so, the court had to apply a test to determine whether the bricks comprised a degree of aesthetic appeal, above the purely functional elements of their design, which would cause them to qualify to be registered designs.
To extend protection under the Copyright Act, the plaintiff argued that it had made revisions to its design drawings, and that as such they comprised original artistic works. The Copyright Act gave extensive protection to such drawings, including defining the making of an object from such a drawing an infringement of copyright, or that copying an object directly, without reference to its design drawings, constituted infringement of the copyright in the drawings.
Judgement
The court held that the bricks qualified for registered design protection, and thus did not qualify for copyright protection. Lord Oliver wrote:
The court further held that design drawings were a combination of both artistic and literary works. The written matter on such a drawing comprised the literary matter, and the graphics the artistic matter.
The only changes made to the drawings were alterations to some radii and to the dimensions of some elements:
Lord Oliver held that to afford copyright protection on a copy of a work, "[t]here must in addition be some element of material alteration or embellishment which suffices to make the totality of the work an original work". He stated that such an alteration or embellishment must be "visually significant", and that it is insufficient simply for the alteration to convey "information". Thus the court held that the modifications that Interlego had made to its designs did not constitute an original work, and thus were not afforded copyright protection. Although they may have involved skill, labour, and judgement, that skill, labour, and judgement lay solely in the process of copying.
References
External links
Interlego A.G v Tyco Industries Inc & Ors (Hong Kong): full text of the decision.
United Kingdom copyright case law
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases on appeal from Hong Kong
1988 in case law
1988 in Hong Kong
1988 in British law
Lego |
44505317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOG%20%28gas%20stations%29 | WOG (gas stations) | WOG (West Oil Group) is a gas stations chain in Ukraine consisting of more than 400 Filling stations.
History
In 2000, the first gas station complex under the WOG brand was opened in the village of Tsuman in Volyn.
Filling stations were opened in Kyiv and Odesa (2006), Chernihiv, Zaporizhia, Poltava, Kherson, Luhansk, and Kharkiv regions (2007), Donetsk region (2009), Dnipro (2019).
In 2002, WOG had more than 200 filling stations.
In 2007, the first Sun Market stores appeared at WOG filling stations.
In 2008, WOG started cooperation with the international company Deloitte.
In 2009, WOG launched 100 MUSTANG fuel.
In 2010, the loyalty program for PRIDE regular customers started. The company won a number of tenders for the supply of fuel for large state and international enterprises, including SJSC "Motor Roads of Ukraine", "Ukrposhta", mining and processing plant "MetInvest", "ArcelorMittal", "Energoatom", "Ukrzaliznytsia".
In 2011, the chain had more than 400 filling stations in Ukraine.
In 2013, WOG started sales of diesel fuel of the new generation MUSTANG +.
In 2014, the project "The coffeest coffee" was launched.
The same year WOG held a presentation of a branded gas LPG MUSTANG.
In 2015, WOG Cafe in Kyiv was opened, which operates outside filling stations.
In 2017, the company launched the WOG Pay service, which allows to refuel a car without leaving it; WOG Cafe was opened at Kyiv Airport (Zhulyany).
In 2019, WOG Cafe was opened at the airports of Lviv and Odesa. At the end of the year, there were more than 150 electric chargers in the network, including 37 supercharges.
Chain
Filling stations are represented in 24 regions of Ukraine. As of 2020, the number of employees is 7,000.
Structure
WOG includes 20 oil depots and more than 400 filling stations in Ukraine, 368 WOG Cafe, 245 WOG Market. WOG Cafe is also available at 4 airports in Ukraine (Kyiv (Boryspil, Zhulyany), Odesa, Lviv) and on Intercity and Intercity + Ukrzaliznytsia trains.
Management
WOG belongs to the Continuum fuel and industrial group, which was owned by the main shareholder of WOG Igor Yeremeyev.
After his death in 2015, his children became shareholders of the company together with Stepan Ivakhiv and Sergii Lagur.
In 2018, Mykhailo Romaniv was appointed CEO.
Pavlo Shybaiev is the Head of stores management department WOG.
Production
In autumn 2010, the company began supplying diesel fuel under the Mustang brand. This fuel is imported from refineries in Romania, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Belarus.
Awards
2009 — WOG brand is recognized as the most expensive among national brands in the field of "Fuel and Energy" ($ 26.9 million).
2010 — the WOG brand was recognized as the most expensive among national brands in the field of "Fuel and Energy" ($ 33.2 million) according to MPP Consulting.
2010-2014 — winner of the nomination "Chain of gas stations of the year" according to the version of "Choice of the Year" in Ukraine.
2015 — WOG Cafe won the award in the nomination "Innovation of the Year" business award "Private Label 2015".
2016 — the highest capital index of the brand (3.11 - high) according to the marketing research of the international company Nielsen.
2018 — 30 position in the rating "TOP-100 most expensive brands of Ukraine" according to MPP Consulting.
2020 — victory in the nomination "Most Recognizable VTM of the Year" of the National Business Award "Private Label 2020".
Other activities
The company is implementing the charity project "Road of Good" (Ukrainian: Дорога добра) to help purchase and repair of equipment in medical institutions.
In 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the company participated in a joint program with the taxi service Uklon #TaxiForDonor and, with the assistance of the DonorUA and #WorthLife foundations, provided 20,000 donor trips to blood centers.
The same year WOG started providing 6-8 square meters at gas stations for the stands of small and medium-sized businesses within the project "Opening new opportunities for small and medium-sized businesses".
In 2021, the company supported the "Batteries, give up" (Ukrainian: Батарейки, здавайтесь) initiative to collect and recycle used batteries.
References
External links
WOG — official website
Interview with Vladlena Rusina
Zakhar Klyakhin
Yulia Pishachenko
Photo of the station in Kyiv Oblast. Panoramio. / Flickr.
Station futuristic design. Igloo architecture.
Locations of WOG gas stations by GeoDeg.
Convenience stores of Ukraine
Filling stations in Ukraine
Companies based in Lutsk
Energy companies established in 2000
Non-renewable resource companies established in 2000
Retail companies established in 2000
Ukrainian companies established in 2000
Privately held companies based in Volyn Oblast
Privately held companies in Ukraine |
23578969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaipo%20River | Kaipo River | The Kaipo River is a river of New Zealand, flowing into Kaipo Bay, northern Fiordland. The river is very large. Fly fishing is popular there.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "eat night" for Kaipō.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Fiordland |
23578972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiwaka%20River | Kaiwaka River | The Kaiwaka River is a river of New Zealand's Northland Region. For much of its length, it is a broad arm of the Otamatea River, as much an inlet of the Kaipara Harbour as a true river.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Kaipara District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
44505358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantai%20Mieming | Tantai Mieming | Tantai Mieming or Dantai Mieming (; born 512 BC), also known by his courtesy name Ziyu (), was a major disciple of Confucius. He was known for being very ugly, but was morally upright. He started his own school in the Yangtze River region, and became a major transmitter of Confucian thoughts. Confucius initially misjudged him because of his bad looks, but later expressed his regret.
Life
According to the Records of the Grand Historian, Tantai Mieming (Ziyu) was born in 512 BC, 39 years younger than Confucius, but the Kongzi Jiayu says he was 49 years younger.
He was born in Wucheng (Wu City) in the State of Lu, Confucius' native state.
Tantai was known for being exceedingly ugly, and Confucius considered him untalented because of his bad looks, but he proved to be a morally upright person. After graduating from the school of Confucius, he moved south to the Yangtze River region and started his own school with 300 students. He became an important transmitter of Confucian thoughts, and was famous among the rulers of states.
When Confucius learned of Ziyu's success, he remorsefully said: "I used to judge a person by his speech and erred in Zai Yu; I used to judge a person by his appearance and erred in Ziyu."
Honours and memorials
In Confucian temples, Tantai Mieming's spirit tablet is placed in the outer court, beyond those of the Four Assessors and Twelve Wise Ones.
During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously awarded Tantai Mieming the nobility title of Count of Jiang (江伯). During the Song dynasty, he was further awarded the title of Marquis of Jinxiang (金鄉侯).
According to the Tang dynasty historian Sima Zhen in his Shiji Suoyin, the Tantai (Dantai) Lake () southeast of Suzhou is named after Tantai Mieming.
There is a Tantai Mieming tomb (澹台滅明墓) in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, on the campus of Nanchang No. 2 High School. It has a tombstone erected during the Song dynasty, and was refurbished during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Notes
Bibliography
512 BC births
Year of death unknown
Disciples of Confucius
5th-century BC Chinese philosophers
Philosophers from Lu (state)
5th-century BC Chinese people |
23578974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiwakawaka%20River | Kaiwakawaka River | The Kaiwakawaka River is a river of New Zealand. Located west of Wellsford, it is a tributary of the Wharehine River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rodney District
Rivers of the Auckland Region
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
23578975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiwara%20River | Kaiwara River | The Kaiwara River is a river of the northern South Island of New Zealand. The river is a tributary of the Hurunui River, its outflow being southwest of Cheviot. The river flows initially east before turning southwest, twisting through a valley in the Lowry Peaks Range which lies between Cheviot and Culverden.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiwhata%20River | Kaiwhata River | The Kaiwhata River is a river of the southern North Island of New Zealand. It rises in rough hill country to the southeast of Masterton, flowing southeast to reach the Pacific Ocean south of Riversdale Beach.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
List of rivers of Wellington Region
References
Rivers of the Wellington Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
44505387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail%20Daut | Ismail Daut | Ismail bin Daut (12 April 1956 – 4 June 2022) was a Malaysian lecturer and politician. He was the Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the seat of Merbok, for one term from 2013 to 2018 representing the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a major component party in the Malaysia's former governing Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
A lecturer by profession, Ismail entered Parliament at the 2013 general election. The seat had been held by Rashid Din of the opposition People's Justice Party (PKR), although PKR's candidate for the 2013 election was Nor Azrina Surip. Ismail defeated her by 4,122 votes, returning the seat to the Barisan Nasional. The Election Court dismissed a petition filed by Nor Azrina challenging the result.
Ismail did not contest to defend his Merbok parliamentary seat in the 2018 general election.
Election results
Death
Ismail Daut accidentally fell down at his home and died.
References
1956 births
2022 deaths
People from Kedah
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
21st-century Malaysian politicians |
23578979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco%20Carlos | Cisco Carlos | Francisco Manuel Carlos Guzmán (born September 17, 1940), best known as Cisco Carlos, is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played from 1967 through 1970 for the Chicago White Sox and Washington Senators of Major League Baseball (MLB). LIsted at 6' 3", 205 lb., Carlos batted and threw right handed. He was born in Monrovia, California, of Mexican American descent.
Amateur career
Carlos was a pitcher for the University of Northern Colorado team that participated in the 1960 College World Series. He was signed by the White Sox as an amateur free agent in 1961 and spent the next six seasons in their farm system. After posting a 15–8 record in Double-A in and an 11–8 record with a 2.63 earned run average in Triple A in , Carlos was called up to the Majors in late August.
Professional career
That year, the White Sox were involved in a four-way American League pennant race with the Boston Red Sox, Detroit Tigers and Minnesota Twins. The White Sox were eliminated from the race in the final days of the season, but not before Carlos won two games to keep them in contention. On September 10 he defeated the Tigers 4–0 in the second game of a doubleheader at Comiskey Park, allowing four hits in six innings; the game came hours after Joe Horlen's no-hitter over the Tigers in the first game. Four days later, Carlos shut out the Cleveland Indians 4–0 in ten innings, the ChiSox winning the game on Don Buford's grand slam in the bottom of the tenth.
Carlos was featured along with future Hall-of-Famer Johnny Bench on the front cover of Sports Illustrated as one of "The Best Rookies of ." However, in this, the "Year of the Pitcher", he posted a 4–14 record with a 3.90 earned run average—almost a full run above the league average of 2.98. Carlos pitched mostly in relief in and, after posting a 4–3 record with a 5.66 ERA, was purchased by the Washington Senators on August 25, two years to the day of his Major League debut.
After pitching in five games in , Carlos was sent to the minors and spent the rest of his professional career there. He posted a 13–9 record with the Senators' Triple A club, the Denver Bears of the American Association. He posted a 14–20 record over the next two years and retired after pitching in the Houston Astros farm system in (the Bears, for whom Carlos pitched at the beginning of the season, were now the Astros' Triple A affiliate).
In his MLB career, Carlos posted an 11–18 record with 119 strikeouts and a 3.72 ERA in 237 innings.
Personal
Following his baseball retirement, Carlos founded Cabinets by Design, a family owned kitchen, bath and storage design and renovation firm located at Phoenix and Scottsdale in Arizona, which has provided its services for more than 25 years.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
1940 births
Living people
American baseball players of Mexican descent
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American interior designers
Baseball players from California
Chicago White Sox players
Citrus Owls baseball players
Clinton C-Sox players
Colorado State Rams baseball players
Columbus Astros players
Denver Bears players
Eugene Emeralds players
Evansville White Sox players
Harlan Smokies players
Idaho Falls Russets players
Indianapolis Indians players
Lynchburg White Sox players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Northern Colorado Bears baseball players
People from Monrovia, California
Sultanes de Monterrey players
Tucson Toros players
Visalia White Sox players
Washington Senators (1961–1971) players |
6908105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20All%20the%20Girls%20I%27ve%20Loved%20Before | To All the Girls I've Loved Before | "To All the Girls I've Loved Before" is a song written by Hal David (words) and Albert Hammond (music). It was originally recorded by Hammond in 1975 on his album 99 Miles From L.A., but is more famous for a 1984 recording by Julio Iglesias and Willie Nelson, which appeared on Iglesias's album 1100 Bel Air Place. A breakthrough for Iglesias in the English language market, the song peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Canadian RPM Top Singles chart. "To All the Girls I've Loved Before" went to number one on the country chart, and was one of two entries on the country chart for Julio Iglesias and Willie Nelson as a duo (the second was "Spanish Eyes", which peaked at No. 8 in late 1988).
Background
David and Hammond created the song in 1975 and registered it with the US Copyright Office on April 28 of that year. Following Bobby Vinton's recording released on October 9, 1980, the song was registered as published in the US.
Commercial performance
The song was Iglesias' biggest hit in the United States and Canada, and Nelson's biggest European hit. The record also appeared on the Australian, New Zealand and South African charts. The song has become Iglesias's signature English-language tune, prominently performed at his concerts since the single's release. Thanks to this song, 1100 Bel Air Place became Iglesias' worldwide best-selling album. In 1984, Nelson and Iglesias were also named "duo of the year" by the Country Music Association, and "To All the Girls I've Loved Before" was named single of the year by the Academy of Country Music.
Charts and certifications
Charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Cover versions
In English:
Julio Iglesias
Bobby Vinton
Merle Haggard
Tom Jones
Albert Hammond (original)
Engelbert Humperdinck
Ray Dylan
Steve Ivings
Alanis Morissette. Willie Nelson played rhythm guitar on the recording.
In French
Didier Barbelivien et Félix Gray
In Spanish
Il Divo, the vocal quartet of male singers; Swiss tenor Urs Buhler, Spanish baritone Carlos Marin, American tenor David Miller and French pop singer Sébastien Izambard, along with Colombian producer winner of multiple Grammy Latino Julio Reyes Copello, recorded the song for the album Amor & Pasión from Il Divo (2015).
In Dutch
Henk Wijngaard and Ben Steneker recorded "Aan elke vrouw waar 'k eens van hield" in 1984.
In Polish
Krzysztof Krawczyk and Bohdan Smoleń recorded "Dziewczyny, które mam na myśli" in 1985; adopted by Jarek Adam.
Bogusław Mec and Zbigniew Wodecki recorded "Dziewczyny, które kochaliśmy" in 1984.
In Czech
"Už mi lásko není dvacet let" by Jiří Zmožek from 1990
In Slovak
"Všetkým dievčatám" by Michal Dočolomanský and Peter Stašák from 1994
References
1975 songs
1984 singles
Julio Iglesias songs
Willie Nelson songs
Alanis Morissette songs
Merle Haggard songs
Bobby Vinton songs
Male–male vocal duets
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles of the year
Songs written by Albert Hammond
Songs with lyrics by Hal David
Song recordings produced by Richard Perry
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Number-one singles in Belgium
Columbia Records singles
Pop ballads
Songs about old age
Songs about nostalgia |
44505390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude%20Langer | Gertrude Langer | Gertrude Langer (née Froeschel) (1908–1984) was Austrian-born art critic in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. She was prominent in the Queensland Art Gallery and other arts organisations.
Life in Austria
Gertrude Froeschel was born in Vienna, Austria in 1908. She commenced study in the History of Art at Vienna University in 1926 being taught by Professor Josef Strzygowski and later attended lectures by Henri Focillon at the Sorbonne. In 1932 she married a fellow student Karl Langer graduating the following year on the same night as he with a Doctorate of Philosophy in Art History. In 1938 before the annexation of Austria by the Third Reich, Gertrude who was Jewish, and Karl left Vienna and travelled via Athens to Australia.
Life in Australia
Karl and Gertrude arrived in Sydney in May 1939 proceeding to Brisbane in July so that Karl could commence work for architects Cook and Kerrison. From the time of their arrival until their deaths the Langers dedicated themselves to a great variety of civic and professional activities. Their combined efforts greatly influenced the development of the arts and design in Queensland especially through such organisations as the Queensland Art Gallery Society, the Australian Council for the Arts and the Vacation Schools of Creative Art in which they fulfilled key roles over many years.
Gertrude was the art critic for The Courier Mail from 1953 until her death, her last review being published on the day she died, 19 September 1984. She was a foundation member of the International Association of Art Critics and was president of the Association's Australian Division from 1975 to 1978. Through her work with the Gallery Society and her personal donations of art works including drawings by Karl she exerted her influence on the collection of the Queensland Art Gallery.
Their home, Langer House, in St Lucia was designed by her husband Karl. The house was sold after the death of Gertrude Langer in 1984. It is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.
Honours
She was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire by The Queen on 1 January 1968 for her services as President of the Arts Council of Queensland.
Works
Her works included a book of poems for her late husband Karl:
References
Attribution
Further reading
Australian art critics
Jewish emigrants from Austria to Australia after the Anschluss
1908 births
1984 deaths
Women critics
Writers from Brisbane
Writers from Vienna
University of Vienna alumni
Australian women journalists
Jewish Australian writers
Jewish women writers
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century Australian women writers
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
20th-century Australian journalists |
23578982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakahu%20River | Kakahu River | The Kakahu River is a river of south Canterbury, New Zealand. It flows east and then southeast from its source east of Fairlie, joining with the Hae Hae Te Moana River before flowing into the Waihi River close to the town of Temuka.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakanui%20River | Kakanui River | The Kakanui River is a river of North Otago, New Zealand, bridged by Highway 1 at Maheno and flowing into the Pacific Ocean at Kakanui.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Otago
Rivers of New Zealand |
44505465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestral%20%28Visage%20album%29 | Orchestral (Visage album) | Orchestral is an album by the British pop group Visage, released on 8 December 2014. It is an album of twelve songs (eleven from the band's back catalogue and one new song), rerecorded with a live symphony orchestra.
An orchestral version of the band's seminal hit, "Fade to Grey", was released as a single in November 2014 ahead of the album.
History
In March 2014, after a year promoting their previous album, Hearts and Knives, Visage were invited to appear at the closing ceremony of the World Ski Jumping Championships in Harrachov. They were backed by the Czech Synthosymphonica Orchestra, headed by Armin Effenberger, whose speciality is mixing classical music arrangements and full orchestras with classic synthesizer music. At the ceremony, Visage performed a ten-song set of their hits with the full orchestra. The album also contains tracks recorded with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra.
Track listing
"The Damned Don't Cry"
"Fade to Grey"
"Dreamer I Know"
"Mind of a Toy"
"Visage"
"The Anvil"
"Never Enough"
"Pleasure Boys"
"Hidden Sign"
"Night Train"
"Love Glove"
"The Silence"
References
Visage (band) albums
2014 albums
August Day Recordings albums |
23578985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20d%27%C3%89tampes%20de%20Valen%C3%A7ay | Jacques d'Étampes de Valençay | Jacques d'Étampes de Valençay (born c. 1585, Château de Valençay; died ? ) held the French honorific titles Lord of Valençay and Grand Marshal of the Dwelling House of the King. d'Étampes de Valençay was Governor of Calais, and made a Knight of the Holy Spirit in 1619.
He was the son of Jacques d'Étampes de Valençay, and brother of Léonore d'Étampes de Valençay, Achille d'Étampes de Valençay, and Jean d'Étampes de Valençay.
References
Government of France
Society of France |
6908123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorelei%20%28Mutate%29 | Lorelei (Mutate) | Lorelei (Lani Ubana) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Publication history
The character's first appearance was in The X-Men #63 (Dec. 1969), and was created by Roy Thomas and Neal Adams.
The character subsequently appears in The Avengers #105 (Nov. 1972), The Defenders #15-16 (Sept.–Oct. 1974), The Uncanny X-Men #104 (April 1977), The Champions #17 (Jan. 1978), Super-Villain Team-Up #14 (Oct. 1977), Marvel Fanfare #1-4 (March–Sept. 1982), Captain America #415-417 (May–July 1993), X-Men: The Hidden Years #4 (March 2000), Cable & Deadpool #49 (March 2008), and Marvel Comics Presents #6-7 (April–May 2008).
Lorelei appeared as part of the "Savage Land Mutates" entry in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #11.
Fictional character biography
Lorelei is a Savage Land native until Magneto turns her into a mutated siren, whose voice can put men into a hypnotic trance, and she is placed in his Savage Land Mutates group. However, the machine that Magneto had used to empower his Savage Land creations is eventually destroyed. As a result, Lorelei lost her siren powers.
Some time later, she was seen with her powers somehow restored. She made a further appearance with the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants.
Years later, Lorelei was seen allied with the High Technician in the Savage Land. She battled Captain America and attempted to hypnotize the Falcon, but was quickly defeated by Diamondback.
Much later, she manipulated Ka-Zar to battle Deadpool. This was part of a mission to expand the dominion of the Savage Land. She uses many of the Land's inhabitants. Deadpool shoots her prehistoric ride and leaves her falling towards a group of dinosaurs. She survives this incident.
Lorelei helps chase out invading mercenaries.
Powers and abilities
Lorelei can hypnotically paralyze men by singing, or manipulate them and place them under her control. Lorelei could also use her hair to immobilize her opponents, however this power was stripped when her hair was cut by a mercenary.
Other versions
Ultimate Marvel
Lorelei has appeared in the Ultimate universe as a member of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. She hypnotized Thor into attacking Valkyrie.
She later passes herself off as the mother of the delusional terrorist Multiple Man; both are working for Magneto. The two are killed by Wolverine in the Savage Land during Ultimatum.
References
External links
Characters created by Neal Adams
Characters created by Roy Thomas
Comics characters introduced in 1969
Fictional characters who can manipulate sound
Fictional hypnotists and indoctrinators
Marvel Comics female supervillains
Marvel Comics mutates |
23578987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakapo%20River | Kakapo River | The Kākāpō River is a river of New Zealand. It is located in the West Coast Region of the South Island. The river flows northwest from its source three kilometres west of Mount Kendall, reaching its outflow into the Karamea River 15 kilometres from the latter's mouth.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaniere%20River | Kaniere River | The Kaniere River is a river of New Zealand. It is located in the West Coast Region of the South Island. The river is the outflow of Lake Kaniere, and flows west to reach the Hokitika River five kilkometres from the coast of the Tasman Sea.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
6908179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qinghe%20County%2C%20Hebei | Qinghe County, Hebei | Qinghe County () is located in the south of Hebei province, China, bordering Shandong province to the east. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Xingtai.
Administrative divisions
Towns:
Gexianzhuang (), Lianzhuang (), Youfang (), Xielu (), Wangguanzhuang (), Baying ()
References
External links
Qinghe Xian official website of Qinghe County, Hebei Province, China
County-level divisions of Hebei
Xingtai |
23578989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapowai%20River | Kapowai River | The Kapowai River is a river in the Waikato region of New Zealand. It is located on the Coromandel Peninsula, and flows north from its source inland from Tairua, reaching the sea at Whitianga Harbour
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Thames-Coromandel District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakatuwhero%20River | Karakatuwhero River | The Karakatuwhero River is a river of New Zealand. It is located in the Gisborne Region in the northeast the North Island. The river flows east then northeast, reaching the Pacific coast northwest of the town of Te Araroa.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2H6S2 | C2H6S2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C2H6S2}}
The molecular formula C2H6S2 (molar mass: 94.20 g/mol, exact mass: 93.99109 u) may refer to:
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)
1,1-Ethanedithiol
1,2-Ethanedithiol (EDT)
Molecular formulas |
23578993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamea%20River | Karamea River | The Karamea River is a river of New Zealand. It is located in the Tasman and West Coast Regions of the South Island. The river rises within Kahurangi National Park in the Matiri Range of the Southern Alps. The river rises to the east of Mount Allen, meandering west briefly before turning north. After some 25 kilometres it again turns west, to enter a series of small lakes where its waters are joined by those of the Roaring Lion River.
From here the river continues west through steep-sided valleys before leaving the national park and reaching its floodplain 10 kilometres from the coast of the Tasman Sea. The river passes the small settlements of Umere and Arapito before reaching the sea at the township of Karamea.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Buller District
Kahurangi National Park
Rivers of New Zealand
Karamea |
23578994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karetu%20River%20%28Canterbury%29 | Karetu River (Canterbury) | The Karetu River is a river of New Zealand's eastern South Island. It flows south from the slopes of Mount Karetu before its outflow into the Okuku River at the edge of the Canterbury Plains northwest of Christchurch.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Waimakariri District
Rivers of New Zealand |
23578995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukaru%20River | Karukaru River | The Karukaru River is a river of New Zealand. A tributary of the Wairua River, it rises west of Maungatapere and flows westward into that river south of Titoki.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
23578996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauaeranga%20River | Kauaeranga River | The Kauaeranga River is a river of New Zealand's North Island. One of the main rivers on the Coromandel Peninsula, it rises in the Coromandel Range which forms the backbone of the peninsula, flowing southwest through the Kauaeranga Valley to reach the Firth of Thames at Thames
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Thames-Coromandel District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand
Firth of Thames
Hauraki Gulf watersheds |
23578997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukapakapa%20River | Kaukapakapa River | The Kaukapakapa River is a river of New Zealand's North Island. It flows west, reaching the southernmost point of the Kaipara Harbour close to the town of Helensville. The small township of Kaukapakapa lies on the banks of the river, some from its mouth.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rodney District
Rivers of the Auckland Region
Kaipara Harbour watersheds |
23578999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauru%20River | Kauru River | The Kauru River is a river of North Otago, New Zealand. A tributary of the Kakanui River, it rises in the east of the Kakanui Mountains and flows into that river west of Kia Ora.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Otago
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawakawa%20River | Kawakawa River | The Kawakawa River is in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows predominantly eastward to Opua, where it joins the Waikare Inlet to flow into the Veronica Channel at the southern end of the Bay of Islands.
The river is tidal up to the town of Kawakawa. The name changes to the Waiomio Stream, the Otiria Stream and the Waiharakeke Stream.
The longest wooden railway bridge in the Southern Hemisphere crosses the river at Taumarere as part of the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
Far North District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Bay of Islands
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedron%20River | Kedron River | The Kedron River is a short river of New Zealand's Southern Alps, lying some north of Lake Sumner. It flows northeast from Lake Man, close to the peak of Mount Lakeman, reaching the Doubtful River after just . The river's entire length is within the Lake Sumner Forest Park. The river is one of the headwaters of the Waiau River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekerengu%20River | Kekerengu River | The Kekerengu River (often spelt Kekerangu) is a river of New Zealand's northeastern South Island. It flows mainly through the area of rough hill country immediately to the north of the end of the Seaward Kaikōura Range, reaching the Pacific Ocean at Kekerengu, a small settlement halfway between the township of Ward and the mouth of the Waiau Toa / Clarence River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
External links
1947 aerial photo of estuary, bridges and settlement
Rivers of New Zealand
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand |
23579005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenana%20River | Kenana River | The Kenana River is a river of the North Auckland Peninsula, in New Zealand's North Island. It is located in the north of the peninsula, and flows into Mangonui harbour, an inlet in the south of Doubtless Bay.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Far North District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennet%20River%20%28New%20Zealand%29 | Kennet River (New Zealand) | The Kennet River is a river of the northeast of New Zealand's South Island. It flows northwest of Molesworth Stations south, joining the upper Awatere River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Marlborough Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereu%20River | Kereu River | The Kereu River is a river of New Zealand's northeastern North Island. It flows northwest from its headwaters, the largest of which ios the Hauhauponamu Stream, reaching the sea in the extreme east of the Bay of Plenty, close to the township of Te Kaha.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
6908184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella%20%28comedy%20group%29 | Stella (comedy group) | Stella is a comedy trio consisting of Michael Showalter, Michael Ian Black, and David Wain. The group formed in 1997 as a weekly nightclub comedy attraction, performing at New York City nightclub Fez from 1997 until the club's closing in February 2005. Stella soon gained a wider cult following after a series of self-produced shorts were released in limited quantities on DVD. Now known for their unique blend of potentially mainstream comedy and surrealist humor, Stella has garnered a small but dedicated fanbase.
Beginnings
Michael Showalter, Michael Ian Black and David Wain met at New York University where they all participated in the school's improv comedy group, Sterile Yak. Other members of Sterile Yak include Thomas Lennon, Kerri Kenney-Silver, Robert Ben Garant, and Joe Lo Truglio (Reno 911!). Those members, along with Michael, Michael, and David, broke away to form their own comedy troupe, The New Group, which would go on to become the MTV series, The State. The members of Stella started doing comedy shows at a jazz club called Fez in downtown New York City. Stella performed weekly at Fez and were introduced by their house band called Mr. Blue.
The name
After The State ended, Black, Showalter, and Wain decided to join together and form a stand-up comedy troupe. The group originally performed under the name Midnight Expressions. They changed the name to Stella when they got their first gig at the New York City nightclub, Fez, because the manager who hired them was pregnant at the time, and Stella was to be the name of her daughter. (www.davidwain.com), (The History of Stella)
Short films
From 1998 to 2004 the troupe produced, wrote, and starred in 27 short films, originally intended for screenings at the group's live stage shows. They quickly became popular after being hosted on the internet through CollegeHumor and have since been distributed freely online by fans on video sharing websites such as YouTube and Dailymotion.
Some of the actors to guest star in the shorts include Sam Rockwell, Paul Rudd, Elizabeth Banks, Julie Bowen, Zach Galifianakis, and Bradley Cooper, as well as several members of Stella's alma mater The State, such as Joe Lo Truglio.
On December 15, 2008, Stella premiered "Birthday", their first new short since 2004, on My Damn Channel, the website on which cast member David Wain had achieved much success with his show Wainy Days. Both Michael Ian Black, and Michael Showalter appeared in several episodes of Wainy Days. Michael Ian Black played a waiter in the episodes titled "A Woman's Touch," and "Walking Tour," and Michael Showalter played a character named "Landon" in the episode titled "Molly."
Television
Before ever appearing on Comedy Central, Stella made a pilot to VH1 called Every Night. It was a late night talk show that included sketch comedy, improv, and material from the shortfilms. The show was not picked up by VH1.
Stella had two brief stints on Comedy Central, the first as a one-time Comedy Central Presents adaptation of their stage show in 2004.
In 2005, the network commissioned ten half-hour episodes from the group, as the television series Stella. The resulting episodes were a blend of jokes and vignettes from the Stella shorts combined with plenty of new material, with each episode having an actual plot or story arc holding it all together, a change of pace from the short films which would frequently derail themselves entirely from any semblance of a storyline and make little effort to resolve or arc. As well as starring in the series, the troupe wrote every episode, with Wain directing three. Comedy Central released the complete series on DVD in 2006 which included the complete half-hour Comedy Central Presents special, The History of Stella, and other supplemental features.
Additionally, Showalter and Black returned to Comedy Central in July 2009 in a new show entitled Michael and Michael Have Issues, which ran for 7 episodes before being cancelled in 2010.
Shout! Factory released a live DVD of the troupe in 2009 titled Stella: Live In Boston.
Film
Though Michael Showalter, Michael Ian Black and David Wain have yet to appear in a feature film as their Stella alter-egos, the three have frequently collaborated on a number of feature films, including:
Wet Hot American Summer (2001) – Directed by Wain, co-written by Showalter and Wain, starring Showalter and Black
The Baxter (2005) – Written, directed by and starring Showalter. Black and Wain both have supporting acting roles.
The Ten (2007) – Directed by Wain, co-written by Wain and Ken Marino, starring Showalter, Black and Wain in supporting roles.
Role Models (2008) – Directed by Wain, co-written by Wain and Marino, starring a wide variety of Stella contributors.
Wanderlust (2012) – Directed by Wain, co-written by Wain and Ken Marino, starring Showalter, Black and Wain in supporting roles.
They Came Together (2014) – Directed by Wain, written by Showalter, starring Black and Wain in supporting roles.
An exception to this is an outtake from Wet Hot American Summer, in which the trio can be seen in the background of a scene, wearing their Stella attire and humping the body of a downed turkey hunter played by Zak Orth as a reference to the first Stella short, "Turkey Hunting".
The three have also appeared in the movie Reno 911!: Miami. Showalter and Black appeared as tattoo artists, while Wain played a plumber.
The group filmed their December 11, 2008 performance in Boston at the Wilbur Theatre for Shout Factory's Live In Boston DVD.
Comedic style
David Wain once said about Stella's comedy, "We try not to get too analytical or introspective about our material or what we're doing, we just try to continue to do the best, funniest material we can." (Boston Globe 2004) Critics have described Stella's television series as an "off the cuff Marx Brothers-meets-Monty Python." (Rolling Stone) The members of Stella would admit that their short lived T.V. series had to be toned down tremendously, so much so that their brand of comedy was initially an issue for producers at Comedy Central. Before Stella was given the green light on their television series, a producer asked David Wain if they can be funny without dildos. (History of Stella) A noted aspect of Stella's stand-up routine is when the members of Stella begin to argue with each other onstage. Michael Ian Black once referred to it as, "professional bickering," which some have compared to a "postmodern Smothers Brothers." (Boston Globe) Part of the reason why they do this is because it keeps the audience on their toes. Michael Showalter once said of their onstage bickering, "When people aren't sure if what they're watching is real or not, it kind of creates a tension. We have a certain amount of tension that's very ripe comedically." (Boston Globe)
Frequent contributors
Stella is also known for casting actors they enjoy working with in many of their projects including:
Elizabeth Banks (Wet Hot American Summer film and Netflix series, The Baxter, Stella shorts and TV series, Wainy Days, Role Models)
Janeane Garofalo (Wet Hot American Summer film and series, The Ten, Stella shorts and TV series)
Joe Lo Truglio (The State, Wet Hot American Summer and series, The Baxter, The Ten, Wanderlust, Stella shorts and TV series, Wainy Days, Role Models, Childrens Hospital)
Ken Marino (The State, Wet Hot American Summer, The Baxter, The Ten, Wanderlust, Stella shorts and TV series, Wainy Days, Role Models, Childrens Hospital, They Came Together)
A.D. Miles (Wet Hot American Summer and its prequel, The Baxter, The Ten, Stella shorts and TV Series, Wainy Days, Role Models, Childrens Hospital )
Zak Orth (Wet Hot American Summer and its prequels, The Baxter, The Ten, Stella shorts and TV series, "Wainy Days", They Came Together)
Andrea Rosen (The Baxter, The Ten, Stella TV series, Wainy Days)
Paul Rudd (Wet Hot American Summer, The Baxter, The Ten, Wanderlust, Stella shorts and TV series, The Michael Showalter Showalter, Wainy Days)
Nina Hellman (Wet Hot American Summer, The Ten, Wanderlust, Stella shorts and TV series, Wainy Days)
Justin Theroux (The Baxter, The Ten, Wanderlust)
Zach Galifianakis (Stella shorts and The Michael Showalter Showalter)
Bradley Cooper (Stella shorts, Wet Hot American Summer'' and its prequel)
References
External links
Official Site
Urban Pollution Interview
American comedy troupes |
23579009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchener%20River | Kitchener River | The Kitchener River is a river of in the Otago region of New Zealand. The river's source is Kitchener Glacier/Cirque, it flows east down Turnbull Thomson Falls then over Aspiring Flats to become a tributary of the Matukituki River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Otago
Rivers of New Zealand |
44505546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visakhapatnam%20Airport | Visakhapatnam Airport | Visakhapatnam Airport is a customs airport in Visakhapatnam, India. It also operates as a civil enclave on an Indian Navy airbase named INS Dega. It lies between the city localities of NAD X Road and Gajuwaka. The airport has experienced significant growth since the beginning of the 21st century, with the construction of a new terminal and runway and the commencing of international flights. The airport covers an area of 350 acres.
History
In 1981, the airport commenced civilian operations with one flight per day. The original runway was long. A new long and wide runway was inaugurated on 15 June 2007 to accommodate medium-sized and wide-body aircraft, with the installation and calibration of an instrument landing system (ILS) on Runway 28 as well. Used initially only for military operations, the ILS became operational for commercial aircraft from 30 March 2008. A new terminal building was inaugurated on 20 February 2009 and became operational on 27 March that year.
On 17 November 2011, the ICAO airport code was changed from VEVZ to VOVZ.
Facilities
Structure
The passenger terminal can handle 300 arriving and 700 departing passengers. It covers an area of 20,400 square meters. The airport has a total of 11 parking bays.
Runways
The airport has two runways.
Runway 10/28: , ILS CAT-1 equipped in Runway 28.
Runway 05/23:
Terminals
The new passenger terminal was opened in 2009 and can handle 2 million passengers per annum. The terminal has 20 check-in counters which include 11 immigration and nine customs counters. The terminal has three aerobridges.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
INS Dega naval base
The Indian Navy started aviation operations in Visakhapatnam in the late 1970s, with the construction of four helipads adjacent to the civil airfield. The airport at Visakhapatnam was transferred to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation in 1981. Additional hangars, maintenance facilities, and an operations complex were constructed soon after. The air station was called "Naval Air Station, Visakhapatnam".
On 21 October 1991, the air station was renamed and formally commissioned as INS Dega. The base has two aprons and is home to several squadrons: INAS 311, INAS 321, INAS 333, and INAS 350.
References
External links
Airports in Andhra Pradesh
Transport in Visakhapatnam
Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam
World War II sites in India
Uttarandhra
1981 establishments in Andhra Pradesh |
23579012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwi%20River | Kiwi River | The Kiwi River is a river of New Zealand's South Island. One of the headwaters of the Hope River, it flows generally northwest from its source within Lake Sumner Forest Park, north of Lake Sumner.
There are numerous other smaller watercourses in New Zealand called "Kiwi stream" or "Kiwi creek".
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohaihai%20River | Kohaihai River | The Kohaihai River is a river of the northwest of New Zealand's South Island. Flowing southwest and then west from the Dommett Range, the river's entire length is within the Kahurangi National Park. The river's mouth marks the south western end of the Heaphy Track and the northern terminus of the West Coast's road system. The nearest town is Karamea.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Kahurangi National Park
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokatahi%20River | Kokatahi River | The Kokatahi River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. A major tributary of the Hokitika River, it flows northwest from its origins on the northern slopes of Mount Ambrose, reaching the Hokitika River 12 kilometres from the latter's mouth at Hokitika. The two rivers between them share one of the West Coast's larger floodplains.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand
Westland District |
44505570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon%20Newspaper%20Publishers%20Association | Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association | The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association is a trade association for all paid-circulation daily, weekly, and multi-weekly newspapers in the U.S. state of Oregon. It represents and promotes newspapers, and encourages excellence in reporting and coverage with an annual series of awards.
History
The organization was established as the Oregon Press Association in 1887. It was renamed the Oregon State Editorial Association in 1909, and adopted its current name in 1936. It currently has about 80 member newspapers plus additional associate member and collegiate member newspapers.
Mission
Besides providing advertising distribution, it also provides aggregation of public notices and other information from its member newspapers, including state and city calls for bids, changes in municipal code, foreclosures, estate claims, forfeited property, probate, summons, and similar information.
It also may sponsor and organize political debates, such as the 2014 governor candidates' debate.
See also
Journalism in Oregon
Oregon Exchanges
References
Further reading
Feature article on ONPA:
External links
1887 establishments in Oregon
Newspaper associations
Organizations based in Oregon
Organizations established in 1887
Trade associations based in the United States |
6908187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Townson | Ronald Townson | Ronald Townson (January 29, 1933 – August 2, 2001) was an American vocalist. He was an original member of The 5th Dimension, a popular vocal group of the late 1960s and early 1970s; he is the only original member of the group who is no longer living.
Family background
Townson was married to Bobette and had two sons, Kim and Kyle. A Methodist, he began taking an interest in his wife's Jehovah's Witnesses faith in the early 1980s. Prior to that, it had caused friction within their marriage.
Biography
Born in St. Louis, Townson started singing at age six and was a featured soloist on various choirs throughout his school years. His grandmother inspired him to sing and his parents arranged for him to have private singing and acting lessons. During high school, he appeared for three seasons in productions of Bloomer Girl, Annie Get Your Gun and Show Boat; he also won third place in the Missouri State trials for the Metropolitan Opera.
Townson toured with Wings Over Jordan for eight years while still in school and was their choir director for 2 years. He worked his way through Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri by conducting the University and Church Choirs; he also played football and ran track in college. At some stage he was in Canada playing professional football.
Townson left St. Louis to pursue a musical career in Los Angeles, California. He met Dorothy Dandridge and toured with her for two years, took part in the Samuel Goldwyn motion picture production of Porgy & Bess, and toured with Nat King Cole. He also organized and conducted his own 35-voice a cappella choir in Los Angeles.
In 1965, Townson and fellow St. Louis natives Billy Davis, Jr. and Lamonte McLemore joined female vocalists Marilyn McCoo and Florence LaRue to form The Versatiles. The name was a reference to their varied style in music, but producer Johnny Rivers thought the name was outdated. He wanted a newer sounding name for the group, and they soon came up with The 5th Dimension. They began cutting records for Rivers' Soul City Records music label that year.
In 1976, after ten successful years with The 5th Dimension, Townson left the group. In subsequent years he made a guest appearance on the TV series Switch, cut records, performed solo, and formed his own group, Ron Townson and Wild Honey. He also managed five-piece soul/funk vocal group Creative Source, who enjoyed moderate success between 1973 and 1977. From 1977 to 1980 he pursued his interest in classical music. With the encouragement of group member Florence LaRue Townson rejoined The 5th Dimension in 1980.
In 1981, he and fellow group members Joyce Wright, Michael Procter, Florence LaRue and Lamonte McLemore starred in Fats Waller's Ain't Misbehavin' to excellent reviews. In 1990, the original five members of the group reunited for a New Year's Eve performance in Atlantic City. It was a huge success. In 1991 they went on the road for some performances billed as The Original 5th Dimension. That year, the group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1992 Townson appeared in the Warner Brothers film The Mambo Kings.
Townson left The 5th Dimension for good in 1997. He involved himself with other business ventures and served on the board of directors of the Cambridge-Kilpatrick Acting School. He was honored at Lincoln University with the school's Distinguished Alumni Award.
Townson moved to Las Vegas in 1999. After a four-year battle with kidney disease he died in his home there on August 2, 2001, of kidney failure. A service for him was held on August 11, 2001 at the Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses.
References
External links
1933 births
2001 deaths
Musicians from St. Louis
Deaths from kidney failure
20th-century American singers
Singers from Missouri
20th-century American male singers |
23579017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komata%20River | Komata River | The Komata River is a river of New Zealand's North Island. It flows west from the Coromandel Range, reaching the Waihou River just north of Paeroa.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Thames-Coromandel District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand
Hauraki Gulf watersheds |
6908196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granita%20%28disambiguation%29 | Granita (disambiguation) | Granita may refer to:
Granita, an Italian frozen dessert
The Granita Pact, or Blair-Brown deal, an alleged agreement in British politics
The Deal (2003 film), a 2003 film about the alleged deal
The Granita restaurant, the venue of the alleged Granita Pact
The Granița River, a tributary of the Neagra Şarului River in Romania. |
23579018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopeka%20River | Kopeka River | The Kopeka River is a river of Stewart Island/Rakiura, New Zealand. Rising east of Mount Allen, it flows south-eastward into the sea west of Toitoi Bay.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Stewart Island |
23579020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopuapounamu%20River | Kopuapounamu River | The Kopuapounamu River is a river of the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It flows east from the eastern end of the Raukumara Range, reaching the Awatere River south of Te Araroa.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
17341062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Romanian%20football%20transfers%202008%E2%80%9309 | List of Romanian football transfers 2008–09 | This is a list of Romanian football transfers for the 2008–09 transfer windows. Only moves featuring at least one Liga I club are listed.
Transfers
This list is incomplete. Please feel free to expand
Notes and references
Romania
Transfers 2008
2008-09 |
23579021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopuaranga%20River | Kopuaranga River | The Kopuaranga River (officially Kōpuaranga River) is a river of the Wairarapa, in New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally south from rough hill country southwest of Eketahuna, reaching its outflow into the Ruamahanga River north of Masterton.
In December 2019, the approved official geographic name of the river was gazetted as "Kōpuaranga River".
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Wellington Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
6908225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Lethbridge | Media in Lethbridge | This is a list of media outlets in the city of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Radio
Television
Lethbridge previously received CBC Television from a rebroadcaster of CBRT-DT in Calgary, and Ici Radio-Canada Télé from a rebroadcaster of CBXFT-DT in Edmonton. However, these repeaters went off the air on August 31, 2012 due to budget cuts. Most Lethbridge residents didn't lose access to CBC or Radio-Canada programming, however, as they are still carried on cable.
The incumbent cable television provider in Lethbridge is Shaw Cable. Network programming from the United States is received on cable via affiliates from Spokane, Washington, which is in the Pacific Time Zone. This means American prime time shows on weekdays run from 9PM–12 midnight. Also, except for PBS, HDTV network programming is from Seattle. On digital cable, U.S. network programming (in standard resolution) is available from Detroit in the Eastern Time Zone. Prime time shows on weekdays run from 6PM-9PM.
Newspapers
The Endeavour - weekly, produced by the advertising/public relations and print journalism students at Lethbridge College
Lethbridge Herald - daily paper, owned by Glacier Ventures International Corp. and Alta Newspaper Group Limited Partnership
Lethbridge Journal - Former weekly paper, published by Lethbridge Herald
Lethbridge Sun Times - weekly paper, published by Lethbridge Herald
The Meliorist - weekly, independent student newspaper at the University of Lethbridge
See also
List of Calgary media outlets
Lethbridge
Media, Lethbridge |
44505584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20Quartet | Ghost Quartet | Ghost Quartet is a musical song cycle written and composed by Dave Malloy. The show is described as "a song cycle about love, death, and whiskey. A camera breaks and four friends drink in four interwoven narratives spanning seven centuries"
Synopsis
The story is told by four storytellers who portray multiple characters. It spans seven centuries and does not take place in any chronological order.
Side 1
The musical begins with the storytellers introducing themselves ("I Don't Know").
A Photographer enters a camera shop to buy a new camera, having broken her old one. The Camera Shop Owner shows her a fiddle that belonged to her great-grandmother, Rose, that was made from the breastbone of Rose's sister, Pearl, and tells the story of the two sisters. Rose falls in love with an Astronomer and writes him poetry about the stars. The Astronomer, the editor of a prestigious astronomy journal, steals her work and publishes it under his own name before leaving her for Pearl. Furious, Rose asks a Bear to maul the astronomer and turn Pearl into a crow. In return, the Bear asks for one pot of honey, one piece of stardust, one secret baptism, and a photo of a ghost. It is revealed that Rose performed the baptism in the sea on a baby she abducted from a teenage mother ("The Camera Shop").
Starchild, the baby that Rose abducted and baptized, reflects on being blessed by a stranger and the impact it had on her life ("Starchild").
On a subway station, a Victim is pushed onto the tracks ("Subway").
In 1873, the Usher family is at the side of their teenage daughter, Roxie. Roxie's child, Starchild, has been stolen from her. As a result, Roxie has fallen deathly ill ("Usher, Part 1").
A Soldier reflects on her yearning for death. Rose arrives and seduces the Soldier to take her honey. The Soldier promises not to haunt Rose when she becomes a ghost ("Soldier & Rose").
The four storytellers sing about ghosts ("Any Kind of Dead Person").
Side 2
The Astronomer introduces his character ("The Astronomer").
In the House of Usher, Edgar Usher, Roxie's father, calls a meeting to discuss Roxie's imaginary friend, the revived memory of Roxie's sister who died as a baby. Roxie's parents urge her to forget about her imaginary friend, but Roxie refuses and screams at them ("Family Meeting").
The four storytellers sing a song that personifies four types of whiskey ("Four Friends").
Edgar Usher encourages his son, the Fool, to leave home. The Fool makes plans to do so and leaves, leading his own life in the world ("Fathers & Sons").
In the House of Usher, Roxie cries out for her lost daughter, but is told by her family that she is gone. As a result, Roxie dies. Lady Usher vows to lock the corpse in a vault underneath the bedroom for a fortnight ("Usher, Part 2").
In the Astronomer's treehouse, Rose recites poetry about the stars and the Astronomer writes down her words. Later, the Astronomer and Pearl profess their love for one another ("The Telescope").
Rose searches for Scheherazade, an ancient storyteller. Rose asks for a piece of stardust and Scheherazade gives it to her, telling Rose the story of her life ("Tango Dancer").
Long ago, when Dunyazad, the sister of Scheherazade, was still alive, Scheherazade tells the story of David, the piano player and the ghost of Thelonious Monk living behind a hidden door. It is revealed that Dunyazad remembers nothing but her sister ("Monk").
Side 3
In the House of Usher, a young Roxie asks her mother to read her Arabian Nights ("Lights Out").
It is revealed that the Photographer lost her camera after taking a photo of the Victim in the subway instead of saving her, leading her to throw her camera on the ground in disgust ("The Photograph").
Scheherazade finishes a story and proceeds to talk with her husband, Shah Zaman. Rose discovers the relationship between the Astronomer and Pearl and vows to take revenge. Later, Rose brings the Bear one pot of honey, one piece of stardust, one secret baptism, and a photo of a ghost. The Bear reveals that he never intended to kill the Astronomer and turn Pearl into a crow and tells Rose to take revenge herself ("Bad Men").
In the House of Usher, a now mad Lady Usher hears Roxie awaken from the dead, and her husband tells her stories to soothe her but before he can finish, an undead Roxie breaks into the bedroom and kills her mother. On a subway station, the Victim is distracted and is pushed onto the tracks. The Photographer, now revealed to be Rose, has to make a decision whether she should save the Victim or take a photo of the ghost to give to the Bear. Rose chooses to take the photo and the Victim is killed ("Usher, Part 3").
The four storytellers vow to forgive themselves for their mistakes ("Prayer").
Side 4
Rose laments about her mistakes and understands that she is not a hero ("Hero").
Rose and the Camera Shop Owner talk. The Camera Shop Owner reveals that she is the reincarnation of Pearl, the Soldier, and Lady Usher and reveals to Rose who she is the reincarnation of. Rose leaves the camera shop with the phone number of the Subway Driver written on her arm. Rose and the Subway Driver dance and have two daughters together ("Midnight").
The four storytellers tell the story of how Rose took revenge on Pearl and how Pearl's breastbone was turned into a fiddle ("The Wind & Rain").
Cast and characters
Brent Arnold — The Pusher, Bear, The Fool (or Son), Shah Zaman, Thelonious Monk, cello, guitar, erhu, dulcimer, percussion
Brittain Ashford — Rose Red, Roxie, Starchild, Dunyazad, Rose (the photographer), autoharp, keyboard, percussion
Gelsey Bell — Pearl White, Pearl (the victim), Sheherazade, Soldier, Lady Usher, Camera Shop Owner, metallophone, Celtic harp, accordion, percussion
Dave Malloy — The Astronomer, Edgar Usher, David (the driver), piano, keyboard, ukulele, percussion
Musical numbers
Side 1
1. "I Don't Know"
2. "The Camera Shop"
3. "Starchild"
4. "Subway"
5. "Usher, Part 1"
6. "Soldier & Rose"
7. "Any Kind of Dead Person"
Side 2
1. "The Astronomer"
2. "Family Meeting"
3. "Four Friends"
4. "Fathers & Sons"
5. "Usher, Part 2"
6. "The Telescope"
7. "Tango Dancer"
8. "Monk"
Side 3
1. "Lights Out"
2. "The Photograph"
3. "Bad Men"
4. "Usher, Part 3"
5. "Prayer"
Side 4
1. "Hero"
2. "Midnight"
3. "The Wind & Rain"
Influences
The piece draws on numerous sources of inspiration, including Arabian Nights, Matsukaze (a Japanese Noh drama), Grimms' Fairy Tales, Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher”, James Joyce's Ulysses, Rosemary Timperley's "Harry," Thelonious Monk’s “Ruby, My Dear,” “Epistrophy,” and “’Round Midnight,” The Twilight Zone (particularly “The After Hours” and “In His Image”), 2001: A Space Odyssey, David Bowie’s Ziggy Stardust, Stephen Sondheim’s Into the Woods, Cosmos (both the Carl Sagan and Neil DeGrasse Tyson versions), Stephen King’s Dark Tower series, The Legend of Zelda and Castlevania, Neil Gaiman's Sandman, Bill Willingham’s Fables, Ken Wilber’s A Brief History of Everything, Tina Satter’s Seagull (Thinking of You), Frozen, R. Umar Abbasi’s NY Post photo, and “The Wind & Rain,” a 17th-century English murder ballad.
The music is scored for four voices, cello, guitars, dulcimer, Celtic harp, erhu, autoharp, piano, keyboards and percussion, and is inspired by murder ballads, doo-wop, angular bebop, Chinese folk, Islamic adhan, and the music of Bernard Herrmann and George Crumb.
Productions
The piece premiered in 2014 at the Bushwick Starr. The production starred Brent Arnold, Brittain Ashford, Gelsey Bell, and Dave Malloy, and was directed by Annie Tippe. Christopher Bowser was the production designer and James Harrison Monaco the dramaturg.
The show was remounted at the McKittrick Hotel, home of Sleep No More, in January 2015 and ran through May of 2015. Throughout 2015 the show went on tour, playing at various venues in New York State including Mt. Tremper Arts in Mt. Tremper NY (July 2015), American Repertory Theater's Club Oberon in Cambridge, MA (September 2015), San Francisco's Curran Theatre (October 2015), and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe (August 2016).
The show was also presented for a month-long engagement at the New York Theatre Workshop in October 2017, where it launched the inaugural season of Next Door at NYTW, a "new works program that provides a creative home for artists and theatre companies who produce their own work" in a 75-seat black box theater space. As stated on Gelsey Bell's Instagram, the run sold out within half an hour. Additional tickets were added for November 2017.
The Chicago premiere of Ghost Quartet was presented from July 12 through August 17, 2019, by Black Button Eyes Productions.
An Australian production premiered in Melbourne's Gasworks Arts Park on August 14, 2019, by the Antipodes Theatre Company featuring David Butler, Melissa David, Patrick Schnur and Willow Sizer. This production was revived in November 2021 at the Meat Market Stables in North Melbourne with returning cast members David Butler, Patrick Schnur and Willow Sizer and new cast member, HaNy Lee.
Ghost Quartet made its Canadian debut in Toronto on October 5, 2019, presented by Crow's Theatre and Eclipse Theatre Company, directed by Marie Farsi and featuring Beau Dixon, Hailey Gillis, Kira Guloien, and Andrew Penner.
Ghost Quartet premiered in London as the inaugural production of the newly refurbished Boulevard Theatre on October 24, 2019, and closed on January 4, 2020.
Critical response
The piece was well received by the New York press; Ben Brantley in the New York Times called it “Rapturous…this happily haunted song cycle speaks in many styles. The voguish term “mash-up” doesn't begin to capture its breadth or its quirky sincerity...Ghost Quartet uses languages as varied as gospel, folk ballads, honky-tonk anthems of heartbreak, electropop, doo-wop and jazz à la Thelonious Monk...directed with unobtrusive cunning by Annie Tippe...Mr. Malloy is infectiously in love with the dark arts of storytelling in all its forms...”
Recordings
On October 31, 2014 the album was released by the ensemble via Bandcamp. On July 1, 2016 a live cast recording from the show's run at the McKittrick Hotel was released. On March 15, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dave Malloy uploaded a full video recording of the same live performance on his YouTube channel.
Awards and nominations
Original Off-Broadway production
Original Cambridge Production
References
2014 musicals
Off-Broadway musicals
Concept albums
Musicals by Dave Malloy
Original musicals
Thelonious Monk
Sororicide in fiction |
20481393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPS%209566 | KPS 9566 | KPS 9566 ("DPRK Standard Korean Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange") is a North Korean standard specifying a character encoding for the Chosŏn'gŭl (Hangul) writing system used for the Korean language. The edition of 1997 specified an ISO 2022-compliant 94×94 two-byte coded character set. Subsequent editions have added additional encoded characters outside of the 94×94 plane, in a manner comparable to UHC or GBK.
KPS 9566 differs in approach from KS X 1001, its South Korean counterpart, in using a different ordering of chosŏn'gŭl, in encoding explicit vertical presentation forms of punctuation, in not encoding duplicate hanja for multiple readings, and in including several characters specific to the North Korean political system, including special encodings for the names of the country's past and present leaders (Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un).
Although KPS 9566 was the original source of several characters added to Unicode, not all KPS 9566 characters have Unicode equivalents. Those which do not are mapped to similar Unicode characters or to the Private Use Area.
Background and other standards
The ASCII character set originated in the United States in 1963, and was revised in 1967 to the form it has today. ASCII also became accepted as an international standard in 1967, becoming ECMA-6, designated ISO/IEC 646 by the International Organization for Standardization. It is presently designated ANSI X3.4-1986 and ISO 646:1991. ASCII was a 7-bit, single-byte encoding including 94 graphical characters, the space, and 33 control codes, which provided basic support for representing American English text as a series of bytes.
The next edition of ISO 646, published in 1972, revised the standard to introduce the concept of national versions of the code, allowing countries to replace a few less commonly used codes with their own required characters. At the same time, work on defining extension mechanisms for ASCII was underway, with the intention of being applicable to both 7-bit and 8-bit environments. This was completed in 1973 and published as JIS X 0202, ECMA-35 and ISO 2022. ISO 2022 specifies mechanisms for using single-byte and multiple-byte character sets with a certain structure in both 7-bit and 8-bit environments, and for declaring and switching between them in a standard fashion using shift codes and escape sequences.
Countries in East Asia, due to using large repertoires of Chinese characters, introduced standardised double-byte encodings (DBCS) for their writing systems, since the number of characters representable in a single-byte code was not sufficient. In an ISO 2022 compliant DBCS, every character can be represented with two ASCII printing character bytes; the location of a character can be referenced by these byte values, or by two numbers from 1 to 94 (a kuten), equal to the respective bytes minus 32. The first registered ISO 2022 compliant DBCS, and the first East Asian DBCS to be established as a national standard, was the first edition of JIS X 0208 (Japan), published in 1978. This was followed by GB 2312 (Mainland China) in 1980, and by Wansung code (South Korea; first designated KS C 5601-1987) in 1987. Big5 (Taiwan), defined in 1984, did not follow the ISO 2022 structure. When used in an 8-bit (rather than 7-bit) environment, GB 2312 and Wansung code were usually used with the eighth bit set, with ASCII or a similar SBCS used with the eighth bit unset; these encoding schemes are known as EUC-CN and EUC-KR, respectively.
Although the Korean writing system includes individual symbols (jamo) for consonants and vowels, serving as an alphabet, Korean text is properly typeset with these symbols composed into blocks for each syllable. Wansung code included individual Korean syllable blocks separately, treating them as a large set of characters similarly to hanja, and was first defined by the third edition of the South Korean standard KS C 5601. The first edition had defined an encoding of individual jamo which allowed syllable blocks to be encoded as sequences, which was named N-byte Hangul, and had not been adopted as widely as intended.
Wansung code did not encode all possible modern Korean syllables, only a selection of the 2350 most common, although it allowed them to be specified using combining sequences, which often were not supported. An alternative encoding, also South Korean, named Johab did, and served as a competitor to Wansung for some time. Unified Hangul Code (UHC), introduced by Microsoft with Windows 95, extended EUC-KR, allowing the use of invalid EUC double-byte codes to represent all other syllables available in Johab. A similar approach was taken by the Mainland Chinese GBK encoding, extending GB 2312 with support for Traditional Chinese and for less common Chinese characters by encoding them to double-byte codes invalid in EUC-CN.
South Korea was not the only country developing an ISO 2022 DBCS for Korean: the Mainland Chinese GB 12052 was published in 1989. This was not closely related to Wansung code, although it also included composed syllables. Instead, it corresponded to GB 2312 with Korean syllables (and 94 hanja) replacing the Chinese characters, except for the inclusion of a dollar sign in place of a yuan sign. It may have been developed for use by the Korean minority in north-eastern China.
Likewise, North Korea developed KPS 9566. Although North Korea and South Korea both use Korean Chosŏn'gŭl (Hangul) as their primary writing system, they use different lexicographical orders. Hence, character ordering differs between Wansung code and KPS 9566.
KPS 9566 has undergone several revisions, including editions of 1997 and 2003, mainly to enhance compatibility with Unicode. These are commonly indicated by specifying the year (e.g. KPS 9566-97, 9566-2003). The current edition as of the release of Red Star OS 3.0 appears to be KPS 9566-2011, which adds Kim Jong-un to the list of leaders. The publicly available code chart for the 1997 edition of KPS 9566 shows a ISO 2022 94×94 plane. The more recent editions, from what sources of information are available outside of North Korea itself, appear to define additional allocations outside of the EUC plane (similarly to GBK or UHC).
Due to the interoperability issues arising from the use of multiple national standard and platform- or font-specific proprietary character encodings, the Unicode standard was developed with the intent of allowing all representable text to be interchanged in a single, universal format. The first edition of Unicode was published in 1991 and 1992, and ISO/IEC 10646 was established in sync with Unicode in 1993. Unicode formats are preferred for international use on the World Wide Web, where legacy character encodings are treated as partial encodings of Unicode by means of mapping files.
Design
In principle, KPS 9566 is similar to the Wansung character set defined by the South Korean KS X 1001 standard, although the two are not compatible. Both encode a section of punctuation, symbols, jamo, kana and alphabetical characters, followed by a subset of the possible modern chosŏn'gŭl syllables, followed by a section of hanja. However, KPS 9566 uses a different ordering of jamo and syllables to conform with North Korean lexicographical ordering standards. KPS 9566 also includes 28 explicitly rotated punctuation characters for vertical typography, which KS X 1001 does not, and encodes each hanja only once, whereas KS X 1001 encodes several hanja with multiple readings multiple times.
KPS 9566-97 encodes a total of 2679 chosŏn'gŭl syllables and 4653 hanja. This provides better coverage than the 2350 syllables encoded by Wansung code: for instance, the 똠 character used in the name of , a noted Korean literary work, does not have an assigned Wansung codepoint, but has one (38-02) in KPS 9566. The hanja section includes 4652 characters from the Unified Repertoire and Ordering and one from CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A. The entirety of row 15, the latter half of row 44 (after the syllables block) and the latter half of row 94 (after the hanja block) may be used for user-defined purposes.
KPS 9566 is especially distinguished by its inclusion of several special characters from North Korean political life. Specifically, it includes the hammer, sickle and brush emblem of the Workers' Party of Korea, both uncircled and circled (code points 12-01 and 12-02), and two groups of three special-purpose characters which spell out the names of the North Korean leaders Kim Il-sung (김일성) and Kim Jong-il (김정일) in a special decorative font (code points 04-72 to 04-74 and 04-75 to 04-77, respectively). The syllables for Kim and Il, which are identical in the spelling of both names, are encoded twice. KPS 9566-2011 additionally includes the name of Kim Jong-un (김정은) as code points 04-78 to 04-80.
Due to these special characters, there is currently no full round-trip compatibility between KPS 9566 and Unicode, unless unsupported characters are mapped to the Private Use Area.
KPS 10721
North Korea also developed a second character set, KPS 10721 "Code of the supplementary Korean Hanja Set for Information Interchange", which was published in 2000. KPS 10721 encodes a set of at least 19469 hanja additional to those included in KPS 9566. , these did not all have mappings to Unicode, but included 10358 from the Unified Repertoire and Ordering, 3187 from CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A and 107 from CJK Compatibility Ideographs (all in the Basic Multilingual Plane), as well as 5767 from CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B and 50 from CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (in the Supplementary Ideographic Plane).
Besides the mapping of these hanja to Unicode, little is known about the KPS 10721 standard outside of North Korea. North Korean reference glyphs are not provided for these hanja in the Unicode code charts, due to a lack of suitable font data available to the Unicode Consortium. Unicode hanja characters with KPS 9566 or KPS 10721 sources are nonetheless cross-referenced to their KPS codes in the Unihan database with the key kIRG_KPSource.
Documentation and relationship to Unicode
Unicode's initial coverage of Korean syllables, added in version 1.0, was based on Wansung code. In Unicode version 2.0, a new block of Korean syllables (the present Hangul Syllables block) was added, based on the syllable repertoire available in Johab, and the previous block was deleted (it is now occupied by CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A). This was done under the assumption that no Unicode-encoded Korean data existed yet, but became known as the "Korean mess", and the responsible committees pledged not to make such an incompatible change in the future, a pledge codified by the Unicode Stability Policy.
The code chart for KPS 9566-97, published April 1997, was submitted to the ISO International Register of Coded Character Sets for registration for use with ISO/IEC 2022. It was registered in June 1998 with the number ISO-IR-202. This code chart is publicly available from the Information Processing Society of Japan.
In August 1999, the North Korean national body submitted a document to WG2 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 Working Group 2), the ISO body responsible for ISO/IEC 10646, the international standard corresponding to Unicode. This document requested the addition of the KPS 9566 codes to the existing cross-references from the CJK Unified Ideographs charts, the addition of 80 symbol characters from KPS 9566 which did not have existing Unicode mappings, a resolution to the difference in collation order between KPS 9566 and Unicode (due to the order of the characters in Unicode following the South Korean encodings) and the addition of 8 combining jamo. It also requested for WG2 to edit the existing Unicode character and block names to use the term "Korean character" rather than "Hangul". An expanded version of this proposal, broken into several documents, was submitted as a work item in December 1999.
A detailed response was submitted by the Swedish representative in March 2000, opposing several of the points and elaborating on Sweden's vote against the proposal. This response stated that changing the encoding of the Korean characters again would cause major disruption, even more so than the first time, which was done when comparatively few implementations existed, but which in retrospect should not have been done. It explained that that few or no languages can be collated correctly by code point value, and that a tailoring for the Unicode Collation Algorithm or ISO/IEC 14651 (then being drafted) should be used for that purpose, and that normative names of characters already assigned cannot be changed, due to the stability policy, although non-normative translations to other languages can be employed. It suggested that a machine-readable mapping file between Unicode and KPS 9566 could be provided by the North Korean body itself, and would be more useful than a printed cross-reference in the standard document. Regarding the proposed additional characters, the response stated that characters which would have compatibility decompositions in Unicode should not be added and that logos, including those of political parties, and special characters for names of particular people should not be added.
In July 2000, the North Korean body wrote to WG2, accusing them of developing both versions of the Unicode encoding for Korean on the basis of South Korean proposals only, without consulting North Korea, accusing them putting the commercial interests of companies and fears of international confusion over respect to North Korea's sovereignty, and stating that North Korea would regard further refusal to change the name and order of the Korean characters in Unicode as an insult to their sovereign dignity and as compromising the ISO's claims to impartiality. They re-iterated their demand for WG2 and Unicode to "correct" the order of the Korean characters, and to "correct" the names "Hangul Jamo" and "Hangul Syllable" to "Korean Alphabet" and "Korean Syllable".
In August 2000, the North Korean national body submitted a more detailed version of their requests in a series of five consecutive proposals. These requested the addition of 14 additional jamo characters, the addition of 82 symbol characters, and the use of the term "Korean alphabet" instead of "Hangul", provided supporting evidence for the North Korean collation order, and requested addition of the North Korean hanja repertoire. These proposals were discussed in two meetings between North Korean, South Korean, Swedish and other WG2 representatives in September 2000, in which the North Korean body was asked to provide manuscript evidence for the additional jamo characters, to resubmit their symbols proposal with symbols which had already been accepted into Unicode removed, and to consider using ISO/IEC 14651, then at final draft stage, for collation purposes.
In September 2001, the North Korean national body submitted a revised series of proposals requesting the addition of several KPS 9566 and KPS 10721 characters, including 70 symbol characters, to Unicode. In this version of the proposal, a section of document excerpts demonstrating use of several characters and short explanations of their purpose was included. The Workers' Party of Korea symbol was named the "Hammer and Sickle and Brush", renamed from "Mark of the Workers' Party of Korea" in earlier versions of the proposal, and justified as being used as an identifying symbol on maps. As justification for the proposed characters for leaders' names, they explained that the leaders' names often appear with a different size and font weight in North Korean publications for the purpose of emphasis. A follow-up by South Korean WG2 representatives requested evidence, names in Korean and justifications for adding certain of these characters, and noted that non-emphasised versions of the characters for the leaders' names already existed. A meeting of North and South Korean representatives from WG2 was convened in October 2001, which recommended 47 of the symbol characters for adding to Unicode, and suggested that the leaders' names and WPK symbols be raised for further discussion by WG2.
A subsequent feedback document from February 2002 regarding the North Korean proposed additions requested that the "tea" symbol for a tea house be accepted as a more general "hot beverage" symbol, equating it with symbols used in guidebooks to denote hot or non-alcoholic beverages. It also recommended that the reference glyph for the existing codepoint for an umbrella without rain be modified to harmonise with the proposed reference glyph for the umbrella with rain, equating them to the "keep dry" symbols used on packaging, and raised the question of which lightning bolt and high voltage warning symbols in existing symbol collections could be unified with the proposed "high voltage" character. All three of these characters were accepted into Unicode in version 4.0. It also recommended that the horizontal-barred fractions and the left-up pointing scissors be encoded using a variation selector, since the scissors did not accompany a differently-oriented pair of scissors, and since the existing Unicode fraction codepoints unified the skewed and horizontal forms.
In November 2002, the South Korean body published a set of three-way tables mapping characters between the KPS 9566, KS X 1001 (as EUC-KR) and ISO/IEC 10646 standards as they existed in 2000. These tables had been prepared without input from North Korea.
In August 2004, a pair of mapping tables between KPS 9566-2003 and Unicode were submitted to the OpenOffice.org project by an individual using the name "ooprojlover", who stated that they represented the updated version of the KPS 9566 standard and requested that support be added. These files mapped the characters unavailable in Unicode to the Private Use Area, and included additional encoded forms for other syllable blocks outside of the main ISO-IR-202 plane. A mapping table was later published by the Unicode Consortium in 2011, based on this mapping data but with errors corrected with reference to the ISO-IR chart.
Copies of Red Star OS 3.0 include fonts for a more recent edition of KPS 9566, appearing to be KPS 9566-2011. The mapping table used by Red Star OS internally has been successfully extracted. Besides adding Kim Jong-un to the list of leaders, KPS 9566-2011 amends the mappings of certain vertical forms compared to the 2003 mappings (taking advantage of the Vertical Forms block added in Unicode 4.1), and also includes several additional hanja and symbols encoded outside of the ISO-IR-202 plane. Several of these additional symbols are also mapped to the Private Use Area; however, their identity is not known, since no names or reference glyphs for those characters are known outside of North Korea.
Impact on Unicode today
Several current Unicode characters were added to Unicode 4.0 as a result of the North Korean proposals, although not always at the original proposed codepoints. These include HOT BEVERAGE (☕, proposed as TEA SYMBOL), which was proposed as a map symbol for marking a tea house, and the flag symbols WHITE FLAG (⚐) and BLACK FLAG (⚑), which were proposed as map symbols for sites of battles and military victories. These characters were proposed for the provisional code points U+270A, U+268E and U+268F respectively, but encoded at the final code points U+2615, U+2690 and U+2691 respectively. They also include a series of directional bold arrows in the range U+2B05 through U+2B0D, excluding a rightward arrow, which was mapped to an existing character in the Dingbats block, which were added at the same code points they were proposed for, besides the north-east and north-west arrows being swapped compared to the proposal.
Other pictographic characters which were included in the North Korean proposal include the umbrella with raindrops (☔), the lightning bolt for high voltage (⚡) and the warning triangle (⚠). Following some discussion about which other high voltage symbol glyphs in use represented the same character as the one from the North Korean proposal, and which glyph would be best to include for it in the Unicode code chart, and following modification of the code chart glyph of the existing umbrella character without rain (U+2602, ☂) to harmonise with the new umbrella with raindrops from the North Korean proposal, these characters were also added in Unicode 4.0, at the same time as the flags and the beverage symbol. Although proposed for the provisional code points U+2618, U+267F and U+267E, they were given the final code points U+2614, U+26A1 and U+26A0 respectively.
Of these characters, the hot beverage, umbrella with raindrops, lightning bolt and warning triangle, and the upward, downward and leftward arrows were subsequently selected as mappings from the Japanese cellular emoji sets, making a total of seven current Unicode emoji which were originally added to Unicode at the request of North Korea. The umbrella with raindrops and the upward, downward and leftward arrows were also unified with characters from the ARIB extensions used in Japanese broadcasting, which include several characters now classified as emoji, and was mapped to Unicode in Unicode 5.2. However, the pair of white and black flags used as emoji or in emoji regional and identity flag sequences is a different, "waving" set added in Unicode 7.0 (U+1F3F3 🏳 and U+1F3F4 🏴), not the North Korean pair.
As of 2018, several KPS 9566 characters remained which are not mapped to Unicode. These include the WPK symbol, four triangular marks, a leftward-pointing pair of scissors (excluded on the rationale that contrastive use with the rightward scissors in the Dingbats block had not been demonstrated), an upward-pointing manicule in a circle, vertical presentation forms of punctuation marks, variants of closing brackets incorporating full stops, horizontal-barred variants of vulgar fractions encoded separately from their slanted versions, and the leaders' names.
A Japanese postal mark with a downward pointing triangle was included in KPS 9566-97 but removed in KPS 9566-2003 after the North Korean body had withdrawn it from their Unicode proposal for review in response to requests from the South Korean body for evidence of the symbol's use in North Korea. This mark was re-proposed in 2018 on the basis of KPS 9566 compatibility, and identified as an electrical conformity mark used in Japan prior to its replacement by the PSE diamond. It was added to Unicode in version 13.0, published in 2020.
Encoded forms
The 1997 edition of KPS 9566 was registered with the International Register of Coded Character Sets for Use with Escape Sequences as ISO-IR-202, and can therefore be encoded using ISO/IEC 2022. It is a 94n multiple-byte G-set, i.e. if it is used in a 7-bit ISO 2022 code (analogous to ISO-2022-JP or ISO-2022-KR), characters will be encoded with pairs of bytes between 0x21 and 0x7E when in the appropriate mode.
The documented mappings between KPS 9566 and Unicode for the 2003 and 2011 editions of KPS 9566 use an encoding resembling an adaptation of Unified Hangul Code (UHC) to encode KPS 9566 rather than Wansung code, with their updated versions of the ISO-IR-202 plane being encoded using pairs of bytes between 0xA1 and 0xFE, and with other two-byte codes used for syllables not present in ISO-IR-202. The order of the extended syllables follows usual KPS 9566 order. Similarly to UHC, they use lead bytes 0x81 and above, and trail bytes from the ranges 0x41–0x5A, 0x61–0x7A and 0x81–0xFE, excluding the range 0xA1–0xFE if the lead byte is 0xA1 or above.
The 2011 edition also includes several additional hanja and symbols encoded outside of the ISO-IR-202 plane, after the range used for the extended syllable blocks. This approach is similar to that taken by GBK, but with the trail bytes remaining in the UHC-style ranges: like the extended syllables with lead bytes 0xA1 and above, these all use the trail byte ranges 0x41–0x5A, 0x61–0x7A and 0x81–0xA0. Extended hanja are encoded with lead bytes between 0xC8 and 0xDC, extended symbols are encoded using lead bytes between 0xE0 and 0xEA, and extended codes with lead bytes between 0xEC and 0xFE are mapped, without gaps, to the Private Use Area (compare the user-defined ranges in GBK). Several of the characters in the extended symbols section and three in the hanja section are also mapped to the Unicode Private Use Area; unlike the PUA-mapped symbols in the main ISO-IR-202 plane, the identity of these characters is not documented.
Lead byte
This chart details the overall layout of the main plane of the KPS 9566 character set by lead byte. For lead bytes used for characters other than composed chosŏn'gŭl syllables or hanja, links are provided to charts on this page listing the characters encoded under that lead byte. For lead bytes used for hanja, links are provided to the appropriate section of Wiktionary's hanja index.
Where two hexadecimal numbers are given, the value below 0x7F is used in a 7-bit encoding, and the larger value (between 0xA1 and 0xFE) is used in an 8-bit EUC-style encoding. The extended UHC-style 8-bit encodings defined by the 2003 edition onwards likewise use the larger byte values, between 0xA1 and 0xFE inclusive, for the main ISO-IR-202-based plane.
Non-Hanja, non-composed sets in the main plane
Character set 0x21/0xA1 (row number 1, punctuation and vertical forms)
This set contains common sentence punctuation such as brackets, quotation marks, commas and so forth, as well as presentation forms for use in vertical writing. ASCII punctuation (highlighted) is shown below mapped to Basic Latin codepoints (consistent with articles on other CJK character sets, such as KS X 1001 or JIS X 0208), but is mapped to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block when used in an encoding which combines KPS 9566 with ASCII (as defined by, for example, the 2003 edition).
Compared to the 2003 mapping, the 2011 mapping changes the Unicode mappings of three vertical presentation forms to take advantage of the Vertical Forms block introduced with Unicode 4.1.
Character set 0x22/0xA2 (row number 2, symbols and operators)
This set includes mathematical operators, and some other symbols such as the ampersand, pilcrow, musical note and so forth. ASCII punctuation (highlighted) is shown below mapped to Basic Latin codepoints (consistent with articles on other CJK character sets), but is mapped to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block when used in an encoding which combines KPS 9566 with ASCII.
Several triangular "road mark" symbols denoting upcoming mountains or inclines ahead or to one side are included in this row, but not presently included in Unicode. They are mapped to the Private Use Area.
Character set 0x23/0xA3 (row number 3, digits and Roman)
This set includes a subset of ASCII, minus punctuation and symbols, comprising western Arabic numerals and both cases of the Basic Latin alphabet. Compare row 3 of JIS X 0208, which this row exactly matches. Compare and contrast row 3 of KS X 1001 and GB 2312, which include their entire national variants of ISO 646 in this row, rather than only the alphanumeric subset.
The characters in this row are shown below mapped to Basic Latin codepoints (consistent with articles on the other character sets), but is mapped to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block when used in an encoding which combines KPS 9566 with ASCII.
Character set 0x24/0xA4 (row number 4, Chosŏn'gŭl jamo and leaders' names)
This set contains Chosŏn'gŭl jamo, as well as special encodings for the names of (as of 2003) the North Korean Leaders Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. The name of Kim Jong-un is also included as of the 2011 edition. Compare with row 4 of KS X 1001.
The jamo in this row which exist in the Unicode Hangul Compatibility Jamo block (which contains the position-independent characters mapped from KS X 1001) are mapped to that block. The obsolete jamo distinguishing palatalised sibilants map to the position-specific characters in the Hangul Jamo block. Conversely, not all of the obsolete jamo encoded by KS X 1001 are encoded in the main plane of KPS 9566. In the 2011 edition of KPS 9566, some of the other historic jamo from KS X 1001 are included outside of the main plane, with the lead byte 0xEA.
The special encodings of the leaders' names are not present in Unicode and are mapped to the Private Use Area. They are shown below simulated with markup.
Character set 0x25/0xA5 (row number 5, Cyrillic)
This set includes both cases of 33 letters from the Cyrillic script, sufficient to write the modern Russian alphabet and Bulgarian alphabet, although other forms of Cyrillic require additional letters.
Compare row 12 of KS X 1001 and row 7 of JIS X 0208, which use the same layout (but in a different row).
Character set 0x26/0xA6 (row number 6, Greek letters and Roman numerals)
This set contains Roman numerals and basic support for the Greek alphabet, without diacritics or the final sigma.
Compare and contrast row 5 of KS X 1001 (which uses the same characters but in a different layout and a different row) and row 6 of JIS X 0208 (which uses the same layout for the Greek letters, but without the Roman numerals).
Character set 0x27/0xA7 (row number 7, encircled, superscript, subscript, fractions)
Several circled numbers in this row were mapped to Unicode incorrectly in the 2003 edition, due to using non-final proposed code points. They were corrected in the 2011 edition.
Character set 0x28/0xA8 (row number 8, unit, quantity and currency symbols)
This set contains symbols for units of measure and currency. Those present in ASCII (highlighted) are shown below mapped to Basic Latin codepoints (consistent with articles on other CJK character sets), but are mapped to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block when used in an encoding which combines KPS 9566 with ASCII.
The Kelvin sign was replaced with a euro sign in the 2003 edition. The 2011 edition includes an alternative encoding of the Kelvin sign at 0xE988.
Compare and contrast with the repertoire of unit symbols included in row 7 of KS X 1001.
Character set 0x29/0xA9 (row number 9, box drawing)
Character set 0x2A/0xAA (row number 10, Hiragana)
This row contains Hiragana for use in the Japanese language.
Compare row 10 of KS X 1001, which uses the same layout. Compare and contrast row 4 of JIS X 0208, which also uses the same layout, but in a different row.
Character set 0x2B/0xAB (row number 11, Katakana)
This row contains Katakana for use in the Japanese language. However, the Japanese long vowel mark, which is used in katakana text and included in row 1 of JIS X 0208, is not included (similarly to with GB 2312 and KS X 1001), although it is included by KPS 9566-2011 outside of the main plane, at 0xEA48.
Compare row 11 of KS X 1001, which uses the same layout. Compare and contrast row 5 of JIS X 0208, which also uses the same layout, but in a different row.
Character set 0x2C/0xAC (row number 12, miscellaneous symbols and arrows)
For the purpose of mapping this row to Unicode, the bold rightward arrow was unified with the bold rightward arrow from Zapf Dingbats (U+27A1), although earlier tables (which lacked mappings for the other bold arrows) had instead unified it with U+279E, a slightly different Zapf Dingbats character. Since corresponding arrows in other directions were not included in the Dingbats block, additional arrows were encoded between U+2B05 and U+2B0D for compatibility with KPS 9566. These were incorporated into the Unicode code charts using the reference glyphs proposed by the North Korean national body, while U+27A1 retained its reference glyph based on Zapf Dingbats. These arrows (U+2B05 through U+2B07, plus U+27A1) were chosen in Unicode 6.0 as the mappings for some of the arrow characters in cellular emoji sets. Subsequently, during the addition of the Wingdings 3 repertoire in Unicode 7.0, the Unicode coverage of arrow characters was reviewed, resulting in an additional rightward arrow being added at U+2B95 with the intent of harmonising with characters U+2B05 through U+2B0D (in text presentation), since changing the reference glyph for the Zapf Dingbats character was not considered appropriate.
In earlier editions of KPS 9566, such as the 1997 edition, this row included both the simple Japanese-style postal mark (〒) and a version in a downward-pointing triangle, which was proposed by the North Korean national body for addition to Unicode alongside the other missing KPS 9566 characters. A response by a South Korean representative, amongst other requests, requested evidence for the symbol's use in North Korea, noting that the Japanese-style postal mark is not used in South Korea, which uses a circled 우 (i.e. ㉾) for a similar purpose, and enquiring whether a Japanese-style postal mark was in use in North Korea. A subsequent meeting was held to discuss this proposal, attended by North and South Korean WG2 representatives; the meeting report notes that the North Korean body had decided to review the character before discussing it further, and therefore did not recommend it for consideration by WG2 as a whole. The postal mark triangle was subsequently removed from KPS 9566 in 2003, leaving only the unenclosed postal mark.
The postal mark triangle was eventually added to Unicode in version 13.0, both for compatibility with the legacy KPS 9566-97 character, and subsequent to the mark being identified as a symbol which had been used for certification for electrical appliances in Japan (as a predecessor to the PSE diamond).
Certain KPS 9566 characters in this row, namely two forms of the emblem of the Workers' Party of Korea, a pair of scissors pointing in a different direction to those in the Dingbats block, and a circled upward-pointing manicule, remain mapped to the Private Use Area.
The north-east and north-west white arrows used incorrect swapped Unicode mappings in the 2003 edition. This was corrected in the 2011 edition mappings.
Character set 0x2E/0xAE (row number 14, Latin-1 subset)
The characters in this set were not present in the 1997 version of the character set, but were added in the 2003 version. They constitute a subset of the Latin-1 Supplement block of Unicode (equivalent to the upper half of the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set). This includes accented Roman letters and symbols. Some of the symbols which were already included are omitted, while some others are duplicated as halfwidth counterparts to the earlier fullwidth forms: for example, the not sign (¬, U+00AC) is represented as 0xAEAC, while its fullwidth form (￢, U+FFE2) is represented as 0xA2D1 (in row 2).
This row is omitted from the mapping for the 2011 edition of the standard, indicating it may have been removed at some point after the 2003 edition. The halfwidth yen sign is instead encoded at 0xE98E in the 2011 edition.
The required space would fall outside of the 94-character range, colliding with the area used for extended chosŏn'gŭl syllables when a UHC-style encoding is used (specifically, with the syllable 쁲), and is omitted. Although the y with trema also falls outside the 94-character range, and the trail byte 0xFF is otherwise unused, the code 0xAEFF is mapped to it in KPS 9566-2003.
Precomposed Chosŏn'gŭl sets (rows number 16 through 44)
Precomposed Chosŏn'gŭl syllable clusters are allocated code points in a continuous sorted block between code points 16-01 and 44-47 inclusive. Not all possible clusters are allocated code points. Compare the different ordering and availability in KS X 1001.
The encoded form documented for KPS 9566-2003 encodes the KPS 9566 plane on GR (0xA1-0xFE) and additionally encodes the remaining syllable clusters using lead bytes in the range 0x80-0xC2 and trail bytes in the ranges 0x41-0x5A, 0x61-0x7A and 0x81-0xFE (where at most one byte is in the range 0xA1-0xFE), similarly to Unified Hangul Code but with the omitted clusters from and sorting order of KPS 9566, not KS X 1001.
Row 16: 가 각 간 갇 갈 갉 갊 감 갑 값 갓 강 갖 갗 같 갚 갛 갔 갸 갹 갼 걀 걈 걋 걍 거 걱 건 걷 걸 걹 걺 검 겁 것 겅 겆 겉 겊 겋 겄 겨 격 견 겯 결 겸 겹 겻 경 곁 겪 겼 고 곡 곤 곧 골 곪 곬 곯 곰 곱 곳 공 곶 곺 교 굔 굘 굡 굣 구 국 군 굳 굴 굵 굶 굻 굼 굽 굿 궁 궂 규 균 귤 귬 귱 그 극 근 귿
Row 17: 글 긁 긇 금 급 긋 긍 기 긱 긴 긷 길 긺 김 깁 깃 깅 깆 깇 깉 깊 개 객 갠 갤 갬 갭 갯 갱 갰 걔 걘 걜 게 겍 겐 겔 겜 겝 겟 겡 겠 계 곈 곌 곕 곗 괴 괵 괸 괼 굄 굅 굇 굉 굈 귀 귁 귄 귈 귐 귑 귓 긔 과 곽 관 괃 괄 괆 괌 괍 괏 광 괐 궈 궉 권 궐 궘 궝 궜 괘 괙 괜 괠 괩 괭 괬 궤 궥 궷 나 낙
Row 18: 낛 난 낟 날 낡 낢 남 납 낫 낭 낮 낯 낱 낳 낚 났 냐 냑 냔 냘 냠 냡 냥 너 넉 넋 넌 널 넒 넓 넘 넙 넛 넝 넢 넣 넊 넜 녀 녁 년 녈 념 녑 녓 녕 녘 녔 노 녹 논 놀 놂 놈 놉 놋 농 높 놓 뇨 뇩 뇬 뇰 뇸 뇹 뇻 뇽 누 눅 눈 눋 눌 눔 눕 눗 눙 눞 뉴 뉵 뉸 뉼 늄 늅 늉 느 늑 는 늘 늙 늚 늠 늡 늣 능
Row 19: 늦 늪 니 닉 닌 닐 닒 님 닙 닛 닝 닢 내 낵 낸 낼 냄 냅 냇 냉 냈 냬 네 넥 넨 넬 넴 넵 넷 넹 넸 녜 녠 뇌 뇐 뇔 뇜 뇝 뇟 뉘 뉜 뉠 뉨 뉩 뉭 늬 늰 늴 늼 닁 놔 놘 놜 놧 놨 눠 눨 눳 눴 놰 눼 다 닥 단 닫 달 닭 닮 닯 닲 닳 담 답 닷 당 닺 닻 닾 닿 닦 닸 댜 더 덕 던 덛 덜 덞 덟 덤 덥 덧 덩 덫
Row 20: 덮 덯 덖 덨 뎌 뎐 뎔 뎡 뎠 도 독 돈 돋 돌 돎 돐 돔 돕 돗 동 돛 돝 됴 두 둑 둔 둘 둠 둡 둣 둥 듀 듄 듈 듐 듕 드 득 든 듣 들 듥 듦 듧 듬 듭 듯 등 디 딕 딘 딛 딜 딤 딥 딧 딩 딪 딮 딨 대 댁 댄 댈 댐 댑 댓 댕 댔 댸 데 덱 덴 덷 델 뎀 뎁 뎃 뎅 뎄 뎨 뎬 되 된 될 됨 됩 됫 됭 됬 뒤 뒥 뒨 뒬
Row 21: 뒴 뒵 뒷 뒹 듸 듼 딀 딉 딍 돠 돤 돨 둬 둰 둴 둼 둿 뒀 돼 됀 됄 됐 뒈 뒝 라 락 란 랄 람 랍 랏 랑 랒 랖 랗 랐 랴 략 랸 랼 럄 럅 럇 량 러 럭 런 럴 럼 럽 럿 렁 렆 렇 렀 려 력 련 렬 렴 렵 렷 령 렸 로 록 론 롤 롬 롭 롯 롱 롶 료 룐 룔 룜 룝 룟 룡 루 룩 룬 룰 룸 룹 룻 룽 류 륙 륜 률 륨 륩
Row 22: 륫 륭 르 륵 른 를 름 릅 릇 릉 릊 릍 릎 리 릭 린 릴 림 립 릿 링 맆 래 랙 랜 랠 램 랩 랫 랭 랬 럐 레 렉 렌 렐 렘 렙 렛 렝 렜 례 롄 롈 롑 롓 뢰 뢴 뢸 룀 룁 룃 룅 룄 뤼 뤽 륀 륄 륌 륏 륑 릐 릔 릘 릠 롸 롼 뢉 뢍 뤄 뤘 뢔 뢨 뤠 마 막 만 많 맏 말 맑 맒 맘 맙 맛 망 맞 맟 맡 맣 먀 먁 먄 먈
Row 23: 먐 먕 머 먹 먼 멀 멁 멂 멈 멉 멋 멍 멎 멓 멌 며 멱 면 멸 몀 몁 몃 명 몇 몄 모 목 몫 몬 몯 몰 몲 몸 몹 못 몽 뫃 묘 묜 묠 묩 묫 무 묵 문 묻 물 묽 묾 뭄 뭅 뭇 뭉 뭍 뭏 묶 뮤 뮥 뮨 뮬 뮴 뮷 뮹 므 믄 믈 믐 믑 믓 믕 미 믹 민 믿 밀 밂 밈 밉 밋 밍 및 밑 밌 매 맥 맨 맬 맴 맵 맷 맹 맺 맸 먜
Row 24: 메 멕 멘 멜 멤 멥 멧 멩 멨 몌 몐 뫼 묀 묄 묌 묍 묏 묑 뮈 뮌 뮐 믜 믠 믬 뫄 뫈 뫙 뫘 뭐 뭔 뭘 뭠 뭡 뭣 뭤 뫠 뭬 바 박 밗 반 받 발 밝 밞 밟 밤 밥 밧 방 밭 밖 뱌 뱍 뱐 뱜 뱝 버 벅 번 벋 벌 벍 벎 범 법 벗 벙 벚 벜 벘 벼 벽 변 별 볌 볍 볏 병 볓 볕 볐 보 복 본 볼 봄 봅 봇 봉 봏 볶 뵤 뵨
Row 25: 뵬 부 북 분 붇 불 붉 붊 붐 붑 붓 붕 붙 붚 뷰 뷴 뷸 븀 븁 븃 븅 브 븍 븐 블 븜 븝 븟 븡 비 빅 빈 빌 빎 빔 빕 빗 빙 빚 빛 배 백 밴 밷 밸 뱀 뱁 뱃 뱅 뱉 뱄 뱨 베 벡 벤 벧 벨 벰 벱 벳 벵 벴 볘 볜 뵈 뵉 뵌 뵐 뵘 뵙 뵜 뷔 뷕 뷘 뷜 뷩 븨 븬 븰 븽 봐 봔 봡 봣 봤 붜 붤 붯 붴 붰 봬 봰 뵀 붸
Row 26: 사 삭 삯 산 삳 살 삵 삶 삼 삽 삿 상 샅 샀 샤 샥 샨 샬 샴 샵 샷 샹 서 석 섟 선 섣 설 섦 섧 섬 섭 섯 성 섶 섞 섰 셔 셕 션 셜 셤 셥 셧 셩 셨 소 속 손 솓 솔 솖 솜 솝 솟 송 솥 솎 쇼 쇽 숀 숄 숌 숍 숏 숑 수 숙 순 숟 술 숨 숩 숫 숭 숯 숱 숲 슈 슉 슌 슐 슘 슙 슛 슝 스 슥 슨 슬 슭 슲 슳 슴
Row 27: 습 슷 승 시 식 신 싣 실 싫 심 십 싯 싱 싶 새 색 샌 샐 샘 샙 샛 생 샜 섀 섄 섈 섐 섕 세 섹 센 셀 셈 셉 셋 셍 셑 셒 셌 셰 셴 셸 솅 쇠 쇡 쇤 쇨 쇰 쇱 쇳 쇵 쇴 쉬 쉭 쉰 쉴 쉼 쉽 쉿 슁 싀 싄 솨 솩 솬 솰 솻 솽 숴 쉈 쇄 쇈 쇌 쇔 쇗 쇘 쉐 쉑 쉔 쉘 쉠 쉡 쉥 자 작 잔 잖 잗 잘 잚 잠 잡 잣 장
Row 28: 잦 잤 쟈 쟉 쟌 쟎 쟐 쟘 쟙 쟝 저 적 전 절 젊 점 접 젓 정 젖 젔 져 젹 젼 졀 졈 졉 졋 졍 졌 조 족 존 졸 졺 좀 좁 좃 종 좆 좇 좋 죠 죡 죤 죨 죰 죵 주 죽 준 줄 줅 줆 줌 줍 줏 중 쥬 쥰 쥴 쥼 즁 즈 즉 즌 즐 즘 즙 즛 증 지 직 진 짇 질 짊 짐 집 짓 징 짖 짙 짚 재 잭 잰 잴 잼 잽 잿 쟁 쟀 쟤
Row 29: 쟨 쟬 제 젝 젠 젤 젬 젭 젯 젱 젶 젰 졔 졘 졜 죄 죈 죌 죔 죕 죗 죙 죘 쥐 쥑 쥔 쥗 쥘 쥠 쥡 쥣 즤 좌 좍 좐 좔 좝 좟 좡 줘 줬 좨 좽 좼 줴 줸 줼 쥄 쥅 쥈 차 착 찬 찮 찰 참 찹 찻 창 찾 찼 챠 챤 챦 챨 챰 챱 챵 처 척 천 철 첨 첩 첫 청 첬 쳐 쳑 쳔 쳘 쳤 초 촉 촌 촐 촘 촙 촛 총 쵸 쵼 춀 춈
Row 30: 추 축 춘 춛 출 춤 춥 춧 충 츄 츈 츌 츔 츙 츠 측 츤 츨 츰 츱 츳 층 치 칙 친 칟 칠 칡 침 칩 칫 칭 채 책 챈 챌 챔 챕 챗 챙 챘 챼 체 첵 첸 첼 쳄 쳅 쳇 쳉 쳈 쳬 쳰 촁 최 쵠 쵤 쵬 쵭 쵯 쵱 취 췬 췰 췸 췹 췻 췽 츼 촤 촥 촨 촬 촹 춰 췃 췄 쵀 쵄 췌 췐 카 칵 칸 칼 캄 캅 캇 캉 캎 캈 캬 캭 캰
Row 31: 캼 캽 컁 커 컥 컨 컫 컬 컴 컵 컷 컹 컽 컾 컸 켜 켠 켤 켬 켭 켯 켱 켰 코 콕 콘 콜 콤 콥 콧 콩 쿄 쿠 쿡 쿤 쿨 쿰 쿱 쿳 쿵 큐 큔 큘 큠 크 큭 큰 클 큼 큽 킁 키 킥 킨 킬 킴 킵 킷 킹 킾 캐 캑 캔 캘 캠 캡 캣 캥 캪 캤 컈 케 켁 켄 켈 켐 켑 켓 켕 켸 쾨 쾰 퀴 퀵 퀸 퀼 큄 큅 큇 큉 킈 콰 콱 콴
Row 32: 콸 쾀 쾅 쿼 퀀 퀄 퀑 쾌 쾐 쾔 쾡 퀘 퀙 퀠 퀭 타 탁 탄 탈 탉 탐 탑 탓 탕 탚 탔 탸 탼 턍 터 턱 턴 털 턺 텀 텁 텃 텅 텄 텨 텬 텼 토 톡 톤 톨 톰 톱 톳 통 톺 툐 투 툭 툰 툴 툼 툽 툿 퉁 튜 튠 튤 튬 튱 트 특 튼 튿 틀 틂 틈 틉 틋 틍 티 틱 틴 틸 팀 팁 팃 팅 태 택 탠 탤 탬 탭 탯 탱 탶 탰 턔
Row 33: 테 텍 텐 텔 템 텝 텟 텡 텦 톄 톈 퇴 퇸 툇 툉 튀 튁 튄 튈 튐 튑 튕 틔 틘 틜 틤 틥 톼 퇀 퉈 퉜 퇘 퉤 퉨 퉸 파 팍 판 팔 팖 팜 팝 팟 팡 팥 팎 팠 퍄 퍅 퍼 퍽 펀 펄 펌 펍 펏 펑 펐 펴 펵 편 펼 폄 폅 폇 평 폈 포 폭 폰 폴 폼 폽 폿 퐁 표 푠 푤 푭 푯 푸 푹 푼 푿 풀 풂 품 풉 풋 풍 퓨 퓬 퓰 퓸
Row 34: 퓻 퓽 프 픈 플 픔 픕 픗 픙 피 픽 핀 필 핌 핍 핏 핑 패 팩 팬 팰 팸 팹 팻 팽 팼 퍠 페 펙 펜 펠 펨 펩 펫 펭 펲 폐 폔 폘 폡 폣 푀 푄 퓌 퓐 퓔 퓜 퓟 픠 픤 퐈 퐝 풔 풩 하 학 한 할 핥 함 합 핫 항 햐 향 허 헉 헌 헐 헒 헕 헗 험 헙 헛 헝 혀 혁 현 혈 혐 협 혓 형 혔 호 혹 혼 혿 홀 홅 홈 홉 홋
Row 35: 홍 홑 효 횬 횰 횹 횻 후 훅 훈 훌 훑 훔 훕 훗 훙 휴 휵 휸 휼 흄 흇 흉 흐 흑 흔 흖 흗 흘 흙 흝 흠 흡 흣 흥 흩 히 힉 힌 힐 힘 힙 힛 힝 해 핵 핸 핼 햄 햅 햇 행 했 햬 헤 헥 헨 헬 헴 헵 헷 헹 헸 혜 혠 혤 혭 회 획 횐 횔 횝 횟 횡 휘 휙 휜 휠 휨 휩 휫 휭 희 흰 흴 흼 흽 힁 화 확 환 활 홤 홥
Row 36: 홧 황 훠 훡 훤 훨 훰 훵 홰 홱 홴 횃 횅 횄 훼 훽 휀 휄 휑 까 깍 깐 깓 깔 깖 깜 깝 깟 깡 깥 깎 깠 꺄 꺅 꺈 꺌 꺼 꺽 껀 껄 껌 껍 껏 껑 꺾 껐 껴 껸 껼 꼇 꼍 꼈 꼬 꼭 꼰 꼱 꼲 꼴 꼼 꼽 꼿 꽁 꽂 꽃 꾜 꾸 꾹 꾼 꾿 꿀 꿇 꿈 꿉 꿋 꿍 꿎 뀨 끄 끅 끈 끊 끌 끎 끓 끔 끕 끗 끙 끝 끼 끽 낀 낄 낌
Row 37: 낍 낏 낑 깨 깩 깬 깰 깸 깹 깻 깽 깼 꺠 께 껙 껜 껠 껨 껩 껫 껭 껬 꼐 꾀 꾁 꾄 꾈 꾐 꾑 꾕 뀌 뀐 뀔 뀜 뀝 뀡 꽈 꽉 꽌 꽐 꽛 꽝 꽜 꿔 꿘 꿜 꿥 꿧 꿩 꿨 꽤 꽥 꽨 꽬 꽹 꿰 꿱 꿴 꿸 뀀 뀁 뀅 뀄 따 딱 딴 딸 딿 땀 땁 땃 땅 땋 딲 땄 땨 땰 떠 떡 떤 떨 떪 떫 떰 떱 떳 떵 떻 떴 뗘 뗬 또 똑 똔
Row 38: 똘 똠 똡 똣 똥 뚀 뚜 뚝 뚠 뚤 뚫 뚬 뚭 뚱 뜌 뜨 뜩 뜬 뜯 뜰 뜸 뜹 뜻 뜽 띠 띡 띤 띨 띰 띱 띳 띵 때 땍 땐 땔 땜 땝 땟 땡 땠 떼 떽 뗀 뗄 뗌 뗍 뗏 뗑 뗐 뙤 뙨 뛰 뛴 뛸 뜀 뜁 뜅 띄 띅 띈 띌 띔 띕 띙 똬 똰 똴 뚸 뛌 뙈 뙉 뛔 빠 빡 빤 빨 빪 빰 빱 빳 빵 빻 빴 뺘 뺙 뺜 뺨 뻐 뻑 뻔 뻗 뻘 뻠
Row 39: 뻣 뻥 뻤 뼈 뼉 뼘 뼙 뼛 뼝 뼜 뽀 뽁 뽄 뽈 뽐 뽑 뽓 뽕 뾰 뿅 뿌 뿍 뿐 뿔 뿜 뿝 뿟 뿡 쀼 쁑 쁘 쁜 쁠 쁨 쁩 삐 삑 삔 삘 삠 삡 삣 삥 빼 빽 뺀 뺄 뺌 뺍 뺏 뺑 뺐 뺴 뻬 뻭 뻰 뻴 뻼 뼁 뾔 쀠 쁴 뽜 뿨 싸 싹 싻 싼 쌀 쌈 쌉 쌋 쌍 쌓 쌌 쌰 쌴 쌸 썅 써 썩 썬 썰 썲 썸 썹 썻 썽 썪 썼 쎠 쏘 쏙 쏜
Row 40: 쏟 쏠 쏢 쏨 쏩 쏫 쏭 쑈 쑌 쑐 쑘 쑝 쑤 쑥 쑨 쑬 쑴 쑵 쑹 쓔 쓘 쓧 쓩 쓰 쓱 쓴 쓸 쓺 쓿 씀 씁 씅 씨 씩 씬 씯 씰 씸 씹 씻 씽 씼 쌔 쌕 쌘 쌜 쌤 쌥 쌧 쌩 쌨 썌 쎄 쎅 쎈 쎌 쎔 쎕 쎙 쎼 쏀 쐬 쐭 쐰 쐴 쐼 쐽 쑀 쒸 쒼 씌 씐 씔 씜 쏴 쏵 쏸 쏼 쐇 쐉 쐈 쒀 쒔 쐐 쐑 쐤 쒜 쒠 쒭 짜 짝 짠 짢 짤
Row 41: 짧 짬 짭 짯 짱 짰 쨔 쨘 쨤 쨩 쩌 쩍 쩐 쩔 쩗 쩜 쩝 쩟 쩡 쩠 쪄 쪘 쪼 쪽 쫀 쫄 쫌 쫍 쫏 쫑 쫒 쫓 쫗 쬬 쬰 쬼 쭁 쭈 쭉 쭌 쭐 쭘 쭙 쭛 쭝 쮸 쯀 쯔 쯕 쯘 쯜 쯤 쯧 쯩 쯪 찌 찍 찐 찔 찜 찝 찟 찡 찢 찦 찧 째 짹 짼 쨀 쨈 쨉 쨋 쨍 쨌 쨰 쨴 쩨 쩩 쩬 쩰 쩸 쩹 쩽 쪠 쬐 쬔 쬘 쬠 쬡 쬤 쮜 쯰 쯴
Row 42: 쫘 쫙 쫜 쫠 쫭 쫬 쭤 쭹 쭸 쫴 쬈 쮀 아 악 안 앉 않 알 앍 앎 앒 앓 암 압 앗 앙 앝 앞 앟 았 야 약 얀 얃 얄 얇 얌 얍 얏 양 얕 얗 얐 어 억 언 얹 얻 얼 얽 얾 엄 업 없 엇 엉 엊 엌 엎 엏 었 여 역 연 엳 열 엶 엷 염 엽 엾 엿 영 옅 옆 옇 엮 였 오 옥 온 올 옭 옮 옰 옳 옴 옵 옷 옹 옻 옾 요 욕
Row 43: 욘 욜 욤 욥 욧 용 우 욱 운 울 욹 욺 움 웁 웃 웅 유 육 윤 율 윰 윱 윳 융 윷 으 윽 은 읃 을 읅 읊 음 읍 읏 응 읒 읓 읔 읕 읖 읗 이 익 인 일 읽 읾 잃 임 입 잇 잉 잊 잎 있 애 액 앤 앨 앰 앱 앳 앵 앴 얘 얜 얠 얩 에 엑 엔 엘 엠 엡 엣 엥 엤 예 옌 옐 옘 옙 옛 옝 옜 외 왹 왼 욀 욈 욉 욋 욍
Row 44: 위 윅 윈 윌 윔 윕 윗 윙 의 읜 읠 읨 읫 와 왁 완 왇 왈 왐 왑 왓 왕 왔 워 웍 원 월 웜 웝 웟 웡 웠 왜 왝 왠 왬 왯 왱 웨 웩 웬 웰 웸 웹 웻 웽 윁
Hanja sets (rows number 45 through 94)
The hanja at 69-09 (0xE5A9) is mapped to U+676E in all documented tables; characters are, however ordered according to their readings, from which it appears that it is intended to be U+67FF instead.
Extended non-syllable, non-hanja sets in KPS 9566:2011
Following are charts for the non-syllable, non-hanja section of KPS 9566-2011 outside of the main plane.
Extension set 0xE0 (symbols and pictographs)
Extension sets 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE3 (unknown)
These extension sets map to the private use area. Their purpose is not documented.
Extension set 0xE4 (arrows)
This set includes several, mostly rightward arrows mapping to the Unicode Dingbats block and elsewhere.
Extension set 0xE5 (Roman superscripts and subscripts)
This row includes several lowercase Roman superscripts with trail bytes corresponding to their uppercase ASCII equivalents, and lowercase Roman subscripts with trail bytes corresponding to their lowercase ASCII equivalents.
Extension set 0xE6 (Greek and symbol superscripts and subscripts)
Extension set 0xE7 (further list markers)
Extension set 0xE8
Extension set 0xE9 (additional symbols and punctuation)
This set contains playing card suit symbols, various miscellaneous symbols, and halfwidth counterparts for some of the currency symbols in row 8. The Kelvin sign is also included, having been replaced in row 8 by the euro sign.
Extension set 0xEA (Japanese punctuation and additional jamo)
This set contains several punctuation marks used in Japan, and some characters from the Hangul Compatibility Jamo Unicode block which are not already included in row 4. This comprises some of the jamo characters present in KS X 1001, but previously absent in KPS 9566.
Footnotes
References
External links
KPS 9566-97 code table from ISO-IR registry
Three-way mappings between EUC-KP (KPS 9566), EUC-KR and Unicode as of 2000 (file in EUC-KR; note typographical error mapping 0xA1BA to rather than )
KPS 9566-2003 to Unicode mapping
KPS 9566-2011 code table and mapping reverse engineered from Red Star OS
Encodings of Asian languages
Korean-language computing
Hangul |
44505629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Yousaf%20%28Pakistani%20politician%29 | Mohammad Yousaf (Pakistani politician) | Mohammad Yousaf (Urdu: محمد یوسف) is a Pakistani politician and Member of Senate of Pakistan, serving as Chairperson-Senate Committee on Petroleum and Resources.
Political career
He belongs to Baluchistan province of Pakistan, and was elected to the Senate in March 2012 on a general seat as Pakistan Peoples Party candidate. He is the chairperson of Senate Committee on Petroleum and Natural Resources and member of senate committees of Interior and Narcotics Control, National Food Security and Research, Inter-Provincial Coordination.
See also
List of Senators of Pakistan
List of committees of the Senate of Pakistan
References
External links
Senate of Pakistan Official Website
Pakistan Peoples Party Official Website
Living people
Pakistani senators (14th Parliament)
Pakistan Peoples Party politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
26717699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th%20Open%20Russian%20Festival%20of%20Animated%20Film | 15th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film | The 15th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film was held from Mar. 10-14 2010 in Suzdal, Russia. Animated works from the years 2009-2010 produced by citizens of Russia and Belarus were accepted, as well as works from 2008 that didn't make it into previous festivals.
This year, film screenings were separated into the categories "in competition" and "informational". Animated commercial reels, music clips and television bumpers were automatically accepted into the competition, while student or amateur works could be accepted into the competition based on the decisions of the Selection and Organizing Committees.
All films were shown in Betacam SP format (the standard format for festivals in Russia).
The jury prizes were handed out by profession. Also, any member or guest of the festival was able to vote for their favorite films.
List of Jury Members
Jury prizes
Jury diplomas & other prizes
Rating (by audience vote)
Each member of the audience was asked to list their top 5 five films of the festival. 5 points were given for a 1st place vote and so on, down to 1 point for a 5th place vote.
External links
Official website with the results
Results on animator.ru
Full list of competing films
Rules of the festival (MS Word document)
2010 film festivals
Anim
Open Russian Festival of Animated Film
2010 in animation |
20481412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclay%20Square | Barclay Square | Barclay Square () is a public square and park in the city of Tartu, Estonia, adjacent to the Ülikooli street. It is named after Russian Imperial officer Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly and there is a large monument in the park honoring him.
Buildings and structures in Tartu
Parks in Estonia
University of Tartu
Squares in Estonia
Tourist attractions in Tartu |
20481424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goughabad | Goughabad | Goughabad is a town located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located in Faisalabad District.
References
Cities and towns in Faisalabad District |
26717710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington%20station%20%28British%20Columbia%29 | Wellington station (British Columbia) | The Wellington station located in the Wellington area of Nanaimo, British Columbia, was a flag stop on Via Rail's Dayliner service, which ended in 2011. The station is on the Southern Railway of Vancouver Island mainline. The station was named after the town of Wellington which formed around and next to the Wellington Colliery which was named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, a leading British military and political figure in the 19th century.
History
Wellington station is one of the oldest and most historic stops on the Southern Railway of Vancouver Island Mainline.
Wellington station before the E&N
Before the E&N railway was extended to Wellington, the Wellington stop was part of the Wellington Colliery Railway line joining Wellington's Departure Bay wharf operations with the Wellington Colliery operations scattered around Wellington. The current flagstop site and siding, still in use today, are where the Wellington Colliery's scale was located for weighing the coal the miner's produced. It was this scale and siding which was the unlikely catalyst for Wellington Colliery's first bitter miner strike which served to entrench a tone of mistrust and bitterness amongst workers which quickly escalated future confrontations in Wellington, and persisted for decades across Vancouver Island as Wellington miners moved to new towns being built up by the railway and coal industry.
Precursor and enabling the E&N
The Wellington Flag stop Station and siding are also the last remnant of the Wellington Colliery Railway which was both a precursor, catalyst and heavy user of the E&N, with the Wellington Colliery eventually being wholly replaced by the E&N. It was the Wellington Colliery Railway and mines which provided Robert Dunsmuir with the wealth, experience and infrastructure he needed to convince the government, under generous terms, to allow him to build an Island Railway.
E&N early years
In 1887, less than a year after completing the E&N railway, Robert Dunsmuir extended the E&N Railway north to Wellington, connecting up with the Wellington Colliery Railway lines. Wellington was changed from being Mile 77 to Mile 0, and remained the northern terminus of the E&N railway until 1910. Wellington Station was one of the busiest on the E&N route in the 1890s as the town's coal production surged in tandem with its population. With Wellington now connected to the E&N, Dunsmuir proceeded to move most of his shipping operations from Departure Bay to the deep water harbour of Oyster Bay, now known as Ladysmith. Dunsmuir died in 1889 and his family continued the coal and railway businesses until the E&N was sold to Canadian Pacific in 1905. By 1900 major coal mining operations had ceased around Wellington and coupled with the relocation of many of Dunsmuir's company buildings to Ladysmith followed by destructive town fire, traffic at the Wellington station dwindled. During the early 20th century Wellington Station was primarily used by the railway workers themselves as the station had a Roundhouse and a heavy mechanic shop for servicing the steam locomotives was based in Wellington as part of the Wellington Colliery Railway legacy. For many years a steam tower servicing the steam locomotives was also near the current flagstop. In the early-mid-20th century the heavy mechanics work was relocated to Victoria and Wellington become a minor stop on the E&N which had been expanded further North and West.
Modern
The old Wellington Station shut down in the late 1950s, and sat neglected for years. In 1966, the building was purchased by the Wellington Centennial Committee from the CPR, and moved to the southeast corner of Pioneer Park. Plans to restore the building and integrate it into the park were never completed, and the building was condemned and demolished, with salvageable material being incorporated into the Nanaimo Hornets Rugby Clubhouse, which was completed in 1979.
The current flagstop is a few hundred feet south of the original station and colliery weigh scale and is marked with a simple sign.
References
External links
Via Rail Station Description
Via Rail stations in British Columbia
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1888
1888 establishments in British Columbia
2011 disestablishments in British Columbia
Railway stations closed in 2011
Disused railway stations in Canada |
44505642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Bad%20Girl%20in%20Harlem | A Bad Girl in Harlem | A Bad Girl in Harlem is the second studio album by Danish rock band New Politics, released on May 21, 2013 via RCA Records. The three members moved from Copenhagen to Brooklyn, where the material was recorded. Two singles were released, titled "Harlem" and "Tonight You're Perfect". Allmusic.com called the album 'hooky, infectious pop'.
The track "Harlem" was featured in a 2013 Taco Bell commercial, a Windows 8 commercial, several Frozen trailers, Guitar Hero Live, NHL 14 and promotional spots for America's Got Talent.
Track listing
References
2013 albums
New Politics (band) albums
RCA Records albums |
17341064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Snowden | Christopher Snowden | Sir Christopher Maxwell Snowden, (born 1956) is a British electronic engineer and academic. He is a former Vice-Chancellor of Surrey University (2005 to 2015) and of the University of Southampton (2015 to 2019). He was president of Universities UK for a two-year term until 31 July 2015 and is currently chairman of the ERA Foundation.
Biography
Early career
Snowden studied electronic and electrical engineering at the University of Leeds, gaining a BSc in 1977, an MSc and a PhD in 1982. His PhD involved microwave oscillators for radar applications and semiconductor device modelling. He conducted his PhD research at Racal-MESL Ltd near Edinburgh in Scotland as well as at the University of Leeds.
From 1977-78, Snowden was an applications engineer for Mullard Applications Laboratory. He lectured at the Department of Electronics in the University of York from 1982-83. From 1983-2005 he was a member of staff at the University of Leeds, his former alma mater, working in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, becoming professor of microwave engineering in 1992. He was head of the school from 1995–98 and briefly acted as warden of Bodington Hall. Whilst at Leeds he was a founder of the Institute of Microwave and Photonics and had 50 PhD students under his supervision. He also worked at M/A-COM in the US between 1989-91 as senior staff scientist in the Corporate Research and Development Centre, based just outside Boston.
In 1998, he was appointed to the board of Filtronic plc as Executive Director of Technology, where he initiated the Global Technology Group. He was subsequently appointed joint chief executive officer of Filtronic plc in 1999. As the company grew in 2001 he became chief executive officer of Filtronic ICS.
He was also a visiting professor at Durham University until 2005 and a visiting scientist at the Delft University of Technology from 1996-1998.
University of Surrey
Snowden was President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Surrey from 2005 to 2015.
In 2009 he announced 65 job cuts, just weeks after the University announced it had successfully bid for £600,000 funding to help people at risk of losing their jobs during the recession. He was later criticized for proposing further job cuts despite the university being in £4m surplus at the time. Under his leadership, Surrey considered introducing metric measurement of staff performance based on the number of students achieving 60% or above and later considered a new threshold that staff needed to reach in student evaluations (3.8/5) if they were to avoid being targeted for special measures, the latter prompting UCU to consider a vote of no confidence in Snowden.
The University achieved 4th place in the 2016 Guardian University League Table rising from 6th place in 2015. Surrey was named University of the Year in The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2016. It came top in the 'best teaching' and 'best student experience' categories. This was despite an ongoing dispute with students and the UCU over cuts across the University.
Universities UK
Snowden was president of the 134-member Universities UK group (UUK), from 1 August 2013 to 31 July 2015. He succeeded Eric Thomas, the vice-chancellor of the University of Bristol and was succeeded by Dame Julia Goodfellow. From November 2012 to August 2013 Snowden held one of the vice-president positions of UUK, representing England and Northern Ireland, and from 2009 to 2011 he chaired their Employability, Business and Industry Policy Committee.
University of Southampton
On 20 March 2015, the University of Southampton announced that Snowden would become its new Vice Chancellor following the retirement of Professor Don Nutbeam, a move which took effect from October 2015.
In 2017, Snowden spearheaded the biggest investment program in Southampton's 155-year history, with a plan to invest over £600 million over the next decade. To do this, the University raised a £300 million bond.
In June 2017 Snowden spoke out against the Teaching Excellence Framework which had given Southampton University a Bronze rating, calling it "fundamentally flawed" and having "no value or credibility".
In 2018 the University of Southampton was awarded Silver rating, Snowden released a statement thanking those within the institution who had contributed and stating the rating was an assurance to students that their experience at the University of Southampton will translate into excellent graduate outcomes.
Snowden retired from his role at Southampton in Spring 2019. He will be succeeded as Vice-Chancellor by Professor Mark Smith.
Criticism of salary
From June 2017 Snowden's salary became part of the UK wide debate on Vice Chancellor's pay which had been started by criticism of the pay of Dame Glynis Breakwell Vice Chancellor of the University of Bath. Snowden's salary of £433,000 was among the higher salaries in the UK Higher Education sector and drew specific criticism from then Universities Minister Jo Johnson and Labour Peer Lord Adonis. In March 2018 The Guardian, in an article about UK Vice Chancellors pay, highlighted that Snowden's salary as the head of University of Southampton, was higher the chief executives of Southampton City Council(£166,786) or University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust(£195,000)
There was additional criticism of a substantial pay increase, including by UCU general Secretary Sally Hunt. However this was later clarified as being the difference between Snowden's payment for his first 10 months in his role in 2015-16 compared to his salary first full 12 months in employment in the academic year 2016-17.
The Chair of the University of Southampton's Council Gill Rider defended Snowden's level of remuneration as reflecting his experience.
Research
Snowden's research interests are in the areas of microwave, millimetre-wave and optoelectronic devices and circuits. He pioneered the application of numerical physical device models to comprehensively describe electron transport in microwave transistor operation and in particular investigating device-circuit interaction properties. This allowed transistor designs to be significantly improved and optimized. This work was specifically recognized in his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society and as a Fellow of the IEEE.
His early work was focused on two-dimensional numerical modelling. In particular, he worked on hot-electron effects in short-gate length field effect transistors (FETs), where he showed that the high energy electrons in transistor substrates contributed significantly to the conduction current. He also contributed to the development of new non-linear laser diode models which found particular application in emerging high data rate communication systems.
During the mid-1980s, along with colleagues in Lille and Duisburg universities, he explored the potential for a new class of physical model which became known as the quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) approach. This was shown to be extremely effective at modelling field-effect transistors such as the popular metal semiconductor FET (MESFET). Snowden's models were shown to have the ability to accurately predict the DC and RF performance based on the physical geometry and material properties available from fabrication data. Moreover, the Q2D model can be solved over 1000 times faster than full two-dimensional models, making it suitable for computer aided design applications. These models were widely used around the world in industry and academia. The models were used to develop high performance microwave transistors with highly predictable characteristics which went on to be manufactured in high volumes by several companies. One of the most successful was the 'hi-lo-hi' pulse-doped microwave transistor which achieved high breakdown voltages and was particularly suited to high volume manufacturing.
Snowden went on to apply this technique to high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), between 1995 and 2005 utilizing highly effective quantum charge-control models. It was shown to be an effective method for modelling and designing AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs and the important pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) based on InGaAs/GaAs systems. New designs of power pHEMT (some with capabilities of over 100 W at 2 GHz) were developed and fabricated using this knowledge, which achieved high breakdown voltages whilst retaining excellent signal gain at microwave frequencies. pHEMTs are widely used in communication applications and many billions of circuits based on pHEMT integrated circuits have been used in products such as mobile phones, radar and satellite receivers. More recently, since 2008 he has applied new Q2D models to laterally diffused MOS power transistors (LDMOS) for high power amplifiers in communications systems, achieving similar high levels of accurate prediction and speed advantage.
During the period 1990 to 1997 Snowden developed a new electrothermal physics-based equivalent circuit model for heterojunction bipolar transistors which was suited to power amplifier applications (widely used in cellular handsets). He was awarded the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Microwave Prize in 1999 for this work described in his 1997 paper "Large-signal Microwave Characterization of AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's Based on a Physics Based Electrothermal Model' (IEEE TMTT, MTT-45, pp. 58–71, 1997).
Snowden went on to develop further models based on incorporating the interaction between thermal effects and electronic behavior, which proved to be important in accurately modelling power transistor and in power amplifier designs. Subsequently, he developed this into fully integrated models incorporating electromagnetic effects into the physical models and demonstrating the significance of this type of global model for millimetre-wave circuits.
He also developed several novel techniques for integrating microwave, millimeter-wave and optical circuits and during his time at M/A-COM whilst working as Senior Staff Scientist he extended their glass microwave integrated circuit (GMIC) technology to photonics, introducing the concept of embedding light guides in the GMIC to allow photonic circuits and interfaces to solid-state lasers, detectors and high speed processors. He first presented these concepts at the 1991 IEEE LEOS conference and the concept was subsequently developed for use at 622Mbit/s in synchronous optical network (SONET) applications.
Snowden has written eight books including Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modelling, Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modelling and Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modelling He published one of the first interactive circuit analysis software packages for personal computers with Wiley in 1988. He has acted as editor for four journals and three special issues as well as the EEE Wiley book series. He has chaired a number of major international conferences including the 2006 European Microwave Conference.
Fellowships, memberships, societies and companies
Snowden is past-president of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (2009–10). and until August 2013 he was vice-president of the Royal Academy of Engineering where he chaired the Academy's Engineering Policy Committee. In 2014 he was invited to be Deputy Chairman of the 2015 judging panel for the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering (QEPrize) and is now the Chair.
Snowden was appointed by the Prime Minister to his advisory Council for Science and Technology (CST) in 2011. He is also a member of the UK Government's Foresight Advisory Board.
Snowden was a member of the governing body of the UK's Innovate UK (previously known as the Technology Strategy Board (TSB)) 2009-2015. He was a member of the Council for Industry and Higher Education (CIHE) (CIHE), and is a current member of the Leadership Council for the National Centre for Universities and Business (NCUB). Between 2006 and 2012, he was a Member of the Council of the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society (2005) and was a member of their Council (2012–13). He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2000), the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (1993), the IEEE (1996) and the City and Guilds of London Institute (2005).
He has been a member of Foresight Committee panels on Communications and Media, and Exploitation of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. He was a member of the UK's National Advisory Committee on Electronic Materials 2002-7. He was a member of the supervisory board of the Electromagnetic Remote Sensing Defense Technology Centre from 2002-5. He has appeared before the UK's House of Commons Select Committee on several occasions.
He was Chairman of the Daphne Jackson Trust from 2005 to 2009 and was a patron of the Trust until 2015. He was a patron of Surrey Youth Focus and Transform Housing & Support until 2015. He was a Governor of the Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation UK until 2011.
He has been a non-executive director of companies such as Intense Ltd, CENAMPS Ltd and SSTL. He was a Board member of the European Microwave Association from 2003-7, where he was also Vice-Chair for a period. He was Chair of HERO Ltd from 2006-9 and a Member of the governing board of the Engineering Technology Board from 2007-9.
He was a member of the South East England Science, Engineering and Technology Advisory Council (SESETAC) until 2011.
Honors and awards
He was awarded the IEEE Microwave Prize in 1999 for his research paper on microwave power transistors for communicating applications and the IEEE Distinguished Educator Award in 2009 by the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT).
The Royal Academy of Engineering awarded him their Silver Medal for 'Outstanding personal contributions to the UK microwave semiconductor industry' in 2004.
In 2009 he received the IEEE MTT Distinguished Educator Award for outstanding achievements as an educator, mentor and role model of microwave engineers and engineering students.
Snowden was knighted in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to engineering and higher education.
References
External links
Vice-Chancellor's Office – University of Surrey
EPSRC
1999 Microwave Prize at the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
Announcement of becoming the Vice-Chancellor in July 2004
Independent August 1999
1956 births
Living people
People associated with the University of Surrey
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Knights Bachelor
British electronics engineers
English engineers
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Southampton
Academics of the University of Leeds |
44505686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxopneustes%20maculatus | Toxopneustes maculatus | Toxopneustes maculatus is a rare species of sea urchin found in the Indo-West Pacific.
Taxonomy
Toxopneustes maculatus is one of the four species in the genus Toxopneustes. It belongs to the family Toxopneustidae in the order Camarodonta. It was originally described as Echinus maculatus by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1816, in the second book of his Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres series. The generic name Toxopneustes literally means "poison breath", derived from Greek τοξικόν [φάρμακον] (toksikón [phármakon], "arrow [poison]") and πνευστος (pneustos, "breath"). The specific name maculatus means "spotted" in Latin.
Description
The appearance of living specimens is unknown, but like other flower urchins, it probably has prominent pedicellariae. It is only known from empty "shells" (tests). The tests have a distinctive color pattern with a large bright purple blotch around the entirety of the bottom surface as well as a bright blue-violet band around the middle.
Distribution
Toxopneustes maculatus has a range probably as large as that of the more common Toxopneustes pileolus, but it is exceedingly rare. It is known only from a few specimens recovered from Réunion, Christmas Island, unspecified areas of the Indian Ocean, and the Palmyra Atoll.
See also
Fire urchins
References
Toxopneustidae
Animals described in 1816 |
44505710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%20Hloke | Let Hloke | Let Hloke Village Tract is a Village Tract in Tabayin Township of Shwebo District, Sagaing Region, Myanmar.Let Hloke Village Tract is subdivided into 6 Villages include Let Hloke (South) Village, Nyaung Pin Thar (Kwet Thit) Village, Sinkyun (Sin Chun) Village, Thit Seint (Thit Seik) Village, Kan Thar Village, and Let Hloke (North) Village. It lies between latitude 22.48098 and longitude 95.52261.
References
Populated places in Sagaing Region
Shwebo District |
17341065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Jenks | Dave Jenks | Dave Jenks (July 9, 1942 – September 14, 2021) was an American author and business person.
In 2003, with the release of The Millionaire Real Estate Agent, co-authored by Gary Keller and Jay Papasan, Jenks became a best-selling author when the book spent time on BusinessWeek's best-seller list. In 2005, they co-authored their second book, The Millionaire Real Estate Investor, which reached The New York Times best-seller list, as well as BusinessWeek's best-seller list.
History
Prior to joining Keller Williams in 1996, Jenks was president and CEO of Century 21 South Central States, based in Dallas, Texas. Jenks has been in the real estate industry since 1981, has taught for the Dale Carnegie Institute, and owned his own training company, The Leadership Connection Inc.
Jenks died on September 14, 2021, after filing a do not resuscitate order. He had been suffering from a melanoma and COVID-19 when he died.
References
1942 births
2021 deaths
American businesspeople
American business writers
American business theorists
Colgate University alumni
Michigan State University alumni
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
People from Lockport, New York |
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