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23576070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%202006%20Central%20American%20and%20Caribbean%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%204x100%20metre%20freestyle%20relay | Swimming at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's 4x100 metre freestyle relay | The women's Freestyle Relay at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games occurred on Wednesday, July 19, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia.
Only 7 relays were entered in the event, and consequently, it was only swum once (in finals).
Records at the time of the event were:
World Record: 3:35.94, Australia (Mills, Lenton, Thomas, Henry), Athens, Greece, August 14, 2004.
Games Record: 3:57.55, Venezuela (Vilar, Lopes, Aponte, Semeco), 2002 Games in San Salvador (Nov.26.2002).
Results
References
2006 CAC results: Women's 4x100 Free Relay from the website of the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games; retrieved 2009-07-11.
Freestyle Relay, Women's 4x100m
2006 in women's swimming |
44500472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%20Gate%20VoIP%20Softswitch | Dial Gate VoIP Softswitch | Dial-Gate VoIP Softswitch is a SIP-based IP-PBX software for businesses, first released in 2006 by Canadian VoIP PBX solution provider Dialexia. The software serves as a web-based softswitch and billing server for VoIP and PSTN networks. On June 3, 2014, the Dialexia development team announced in a client newsletter that support for Dial-Gate Softswitch versions 3.9 and earlier would cease effective September 1, 2014. The company advised customers to migrate to a currently-supported operating system in order to receive future security updates & technical support.
Software overview
The Dial-Gate billing platform provides users with advanced real-time monitoring, pre-/post-paid billing, rate/route table management, and CDR report generation. It is integrated with Microsoft Exchange Server to provide voicemail unification, instant messaging and VideoOverIP. On November 19, 2014, Dialexia issued a press release announcing the integration of WebRTC capabilities to Dial Gate Softswitch PBX.
References
External links
2006 software
VoIP software |
44500483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamil%20Ahmed%20Khan | Jamil Ahmed Khan | Jamil Ahmed Khan was the Ambassador of Pakistan to the United Arab Emirates from November 2010 to June 2013. Previously, he was the Pakistan Ambassador to Libya from April 2009 to November 2010. A former captain in the Pakistan Army, Khan holds a Bachelors in Economics and Political Science from the Government College University, Lahore; a Masters in History from the University of the Punjab, Lahore; a postgraduate diploma in diplomacy from the Institut International d’Administration Publique, Paris; and a Bachelors in International Relations from the University of London. As a diplomat, he has also held positions in the United Nations and as the Head of Country in East Timor, Yemen, Somalia and Botswana.
References
Ambassadors of Pakistan to Libya
Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United Arab Emirates
Pakistani diplomats
Pakistan Army officers
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Alumni of the University of London
University of the Punjab alumni |
23576077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascha%20M%C3%BCller | Mascha Müller | Mascha Müller (born May 8, 1984 in Munich, Germany) is a German actress and best known for her role as Luise von Waldensteyck on the soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love).
Mascha began acting with sixteen on a little stage, called Bühne Moosberg, which was founded by her mother, playing the role of the legendary Anne Frank. She succeeded her acting schooling on the International School for Acting in Munich. Her first television roles were little parts in the crime solving show Aktenzeichen XY… ungelöst and the scripted documentary Die Abschlussklasse.
After that she became guest parts in the primetime sitcom Hausmeister Krause – Ordnung muss sein and in the telenovelas Storm of Love and Lotta in Love, followed by main parts in stage plays in Munich.
In 2007, Mascha took the part of Vanessa Eichoff in the short-lived soap opera Maple Avenue.
In November 2007, she started filming for Verbotene Liebe and was first seen on-screen on January 21, 2009 in the role of Luise von Waldensteyck. With a fast popularity by the audience it became her biggest success yet.
Filmography
2005: Aktenzeichen XY… ungelöst (segment: 'Bankraub') as bank assistant
2005: Die Abschlussklasse (1 episode) as transvestite
2007: Maple Avenue (contract role) as Vanessa Eichhoff
2008: Der Bulle von Tölz (episode: 'Das Ende aller Sitten') as Jana Fitz
2009–present: Verbotene Liebe (contract role) as Luise von Waldensteyck
2009: Pfarrer Braun (episode: 'Glück auf! Der Mörder kommt!') as Ulla Wiehr
External links
Mascha Müller in the Internet Movie Database
Official Homepage
1984 births
Living people
German soap opera actresses
Actresses from Munich
German television actresses |
44500485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LyricaFest | LyricaFest | LyricaFest is an annual chamber music festival held in Lincoln, Massachusetts. This festival is part of Lyrica Boston Inc., a 501 (c)(3) not-for profit educational and performance corporation. Lyricafest was founded in 2000 by violinist/violist Laura Bossert and cellist Terry King. Every year 35 participants from conservatories and colleges throughout the United States and abroad, come together for a two-week workshop. The faculty includes Laura Bossert, Terry King and violinist/violist Paula Majerfeld. Lyricafest was featured in a documentary in 2009, The Sound of Character, produced by HawkFinn Production.
Guest artists
LyricaFest welcomes guest artists every year to give chamber coachings and masterclasses, previous guest artists have been Roger Tapping, William Preucil, Natasha Brofsky, Joseph Kalichstein, Lawrence Dutton, Pamela Frank, Laura Goldberg, Martin Perry.
Notable alumni
Neave Piano Trio, Hausmann Quartet, Alturas Duo, A Far Cry, Vox 4 String Quartet, Ashley Vandiver, Andrew Eng, Russell Wilson, Min-Jeong Koh, Jeremy Harmen, and John Richards.
References
External links
Classical music festivals in the United States |
20473979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20de%20Rugy | François de Rugy | François Henri Goullet de Rugy (; born 6 December 1973) is a French politician who served as President of the National Assembly from 2017 to 2018 and Minister of Ecological and Solidary Transition from 2018 to 2019.
Since 2007, he has represented the Loire-Atlantique department, with an interruption between 2018 and 2019, originally as a member of the Democratic and Republican Left group, which includes his former political party Europe Ecology – The Greens. In 2015, he joined the Ecologist Party and later the La République En Marche group in Parliament. In 2017, he defeated Jean-Charles Taugourdeau and Laure de la Raudière for the presidency of the National Assembly.
He was appointed Minister of Ecological and Solidary Transition after the resignation of Nicolas Hulot. De Rugy resigned from his ministership less than a year following his appointment after allegations of excessive spending of public funds for private use. He regained his seat in Parliament.
De Rugy did not seek re-election at the 2022 parliamentary election.
Biography
Early political career
First elected to the National Assembly in the 2007 legislative election, he was reelected in 2012. In 2012, he was elected to the co-presidency of the newly-founded Ecologist group, alongside Barbara Pompili. In 2015, he broke with Europe Ecology – The Greens to form a new party with Jean-Vincent Placé, the Ecologist Party, which supported the administration of President François Hollande. He was succeeded as group co-president by Cécile Duflot before regaining the office following the Pompili's appointment as Secretary of State for Biodiversity.
As a member of the National Assembly, he supported the 2015 Intelligence Act and 2016 Labour Act.
In 2016, he announced a campaign for the 2017 Socialist Party presidential primary in which he secured 3.8% of the vote in the first round, outstripping polls. Though he promised to support the primary winner, he reneged on that commitment in late February, instead backing Emmanuel Macron over Benoît Hamon. De Rugy was subsequently invested by En Marche! in the upcoming legislative election.
Presidency of the National Assembly
On 18 May 2016, François de Rugy succeeded Denis Baupin as a Vice President of the National Assembly. He has resigned as group co-president the previous day. On 27 June 2017, De Rugy was elected President of the National Assembly after being chosen as candidate by the La République En Marche group with 353 votes (out of 577 members).
Minister of Ecological and Solidary Transition
On 4 September 2018, De Rugy was appointed Minister of Ecological and Solidary Transition in the government of Prime Minister Édouard Philippe. He replaced Nicolas Hulot who had announced his resignation on 28 August 2018 on France Inter. On 10 July 2019, online magazine Mediapart revealed that €63,000 of public money had been spent on refurbishment of De Rugy's official apartment in Paris (including €19,000 on a dressing room). The magazine also published photographs of lobster and champagne dinners. On 16 July 2019, De Rugy resigned as Ecology Minister.
Return to the National Assembly
On 17 August 2019, François de Rugy regained his seat in the National Assembly. In September 2020, he was a candidate to succeed Gilles Le Gendre as LREM group president in the National Assembly. He came in third behind Christophe Castaner and Aurore Bergé. In the final round, he endorsed Bergé.
In the 2021 regional election, De Rugy led the LREM list in Pays de la Loire (supported by the Democratic Movement and Radical Movement), which placed fifth, with 11.9% of the vote in the first round and 8.20% in the second round.
In addition to his committee assignments, De Rugy chaired the France-Taiwan parliamentary friendship group.
In February 2022, De Rugy announced that he would not stand in the 2022 elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.
References
External links
Champagne, homard… Les luxueux dîners de François de Rugy aux frais de l’Assemblée nationale
1973 births
Living people
Europe Ecology – The Greens politicians
Sciences Po alumni
Politicians from Nantes
La République En Marche! politicians
Presidents of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon%20Collings | Algernon Collings | Algernon William Collings (4 September 1853 — 14 May 1945) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire.
He was born in Sarratt in Hertfordshire and died at his home in Burghfield Common in Berkshire.
Collings made a single first-class appearance, during the 1874 season, against Yorkshire. Batting in the tailend, he scored a single run in the only innings in which he batted, as his team won the match by an innings margin.
External links
Algernon Collings at Cricket Archive
1853 births
1945 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from Three Rivers District
People from Burghfield |
20473990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Branget | Françoise Branget | Françoise Branget (born 8 August 1953 in Chalon-sur-Saône, Saône-et-Loire) was the deputy representing Doubs's 1st constituency of the National Assembly of France. She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Chalon-sur-Saône
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians |
44500497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenterie%20Pagotto | Carpenterie Pagotto | Carpenterie Pagotto Srl (), also sometimes called Pagotto Carpenterie, is an Italian aircraft manufacturer based in Pianzano. The company was founded by designer Enio Pagotto and specializes in the design and manufacture of autogyros and ultralight trikes.
Pagotto established his company initially to produce trikes and built his reputation on them, he then expanded into autogyro design.
Aircraft
References
External links
Aircraft manufacturers of Italy
Autogyros
Ultralight trikes
Homebuilt aircraft |
23576099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle%20of%20Dust%20%28album%29 | Circle of Dust (album) | Circle of Dust is the eponymous debut album by American industrial rock band Circle of Dust, released through R.E.X. Records in 1992. The 1995 reissue of Circle of Dust achieved the 25th slot on CMJ's Hard Rock 75 listings that same year.
History
All songs were written by Klayton, then known by his birth name "Scott Albert". The album was initially released through R.E.X. Records to the limited Christian music market. After R.E.X. secured mainstream distribution through Relativity Records, it was decided that a new Circle of Dust record should be put out quickly to take advantage of the increased distribution and get the band's name out there. Klayton, however, opted not to take an extended period of time to write and record a brand new album but instead re-recorded his debut album, scrapping several songs and introducing a handful of new ones. This decision was partly fueled by Klayton's intense distaste for the Circle of Dust debut:
"Technological Disguise" and "Senseless Abandon" were scrapped from the remastered version of the album. Klayton later stated in an episode of Ask Circle of Dust, that he didn't like either of them, and had no place on the remastered album.
Track listing
References
1992 debut albums
R.E.X. Records albums |
44500505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20I%20Love%20I%20Love | When I Love I Love | "When I Love I Love" is a song written by Harry Warren and Mack Gordon and recorded by Carmen Miranda for the film Week-End in Havana in 1941.
References
External links
When I Love I Love on iTunes Music
1941 songs
Samba songs
Songs with lyrics by Mack Gordon
Songs with music by Harry Warren
Carmen Miranda songs |
20473998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Gu%C3%A9got | Françoise Guégot | Françoise Guégot (born August 11, 1962 in Oullins, Metropolis of Lyon) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Seine-Maritime's 2nd constituency, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement from 2007 to 2017.
References
1962 births
Living people
People from Oullins
The Republicans (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Social Right
Mayors of places in Normandy
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Women mayors of places in France
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
Paris Dauphine University alumni
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
23576116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Casablanca%20Years%3A%201974%E2%80%931980 | The Casablanca Years: 1974–1980 | The Casablanca Years: 1974–1980 is a CD box set by the Funk band Parliament. The box set was released by Universal Music-Japan on August 22, 2007. This box compiles all nine Parliament albums released by Casablanca Records between 1974 and 1980. The box set includes the following albums:
Up for the Down Stroke (1974)
Chocolate City (1975)
Mothership Connection (1975)
The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein (1976)
Live: P-Funk Earth Tour (1977)
Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome (1977)
Motor Booty Affair (1978)
Gloryhallastoopid (1979)
Trombipulation (1980)
The set includes an 84-page booklet with liner notes written in Japanese, as well as lyrics to all of the songs included in the set. In addition, all of the individual CDs actually appear in mini-LP format and contain all of the extras (posters, cut outs) that were included in the original vinyl releases, shrunken down to fit into the CD jacket. It was a limited edition release and has never been distributed outside Japan.
Parliament (band) compilation albums
2007 compilation albums |
20474005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Hostalier | Françoise Hostalier | Françoise Hostalier (born August 19, 1953 in Beauvais, Oise) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Nord's 15th constituency from 2002 to 2012.
She campaigned for François Fillon in the first round of the 2017 French presidential election, she supported Marine Le Pen in the second round.
Biography
Françoise Hostalier holds a master's degree in mathematics and was a certified professor of mathematics from 1976 until 1993. After having been an Inspector of the Paris Academy from 1996 to January 2000, she was Inspector General of National Education ( IGEN) in the School and School Life group until 2016. She has been Honorary Inspector General of National Education since October 2016.
She joined the Republican Party in 1981 and became a deputy for the Nord department from 1993 to 1995. In 1995, she became Secretary of State responsible for School Education to the Minister of National Education in the first government of Alain Juppé. She was a member of the national office of the PPDF (chaired by Hervé de Charette) and vice-president of Liberal Democracy (created and chaired by Alain Madelin). After the dissolution of Liberal Democracy, she joined the Valois Radical Party, chaired by André Rossinot, and was a member of the National Office. She is a member of the Political Bureau of the Union for a Popular Movement and the National Secretary for Human Rights. Locally, she is vice-president of the UMP federation in the Nord department.
In 2007, she again became a UMP deputy in the fifteenth constituency of the North with 51.87% of the vote against the socialist candidate Françoise Polnecq. A member of the National Defense and Armed Forces Commission, she is particularly interested in the issue of OPEX (external operations) and the situation in Afghanistan, Chad and Côte d'Ivoire.
She was beaten by the PS candidate Jean-Pierre Allossery during the legislative elections of 2012. Member of the association of former deputies, she supported the candidacy of François Fillon for the presidency of the UMP during the congress of autumn 2012.
During the 2017 presidential campaign, she was the coordinator of François Fillon's campaign in the North. After elimination at the end of the first round, she refused the "republican front" and declared to vote Marine Le Pen in the second round against Emmanuel Macron.
She supported the candidacy of Laurent Wauquiez and later Christian Jacob for the presidency of the Republicans. She was elected National Councilor of the Republicans and member of the Northern Federal Office.
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Beauvais
Radical Party (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
Women government ministers of France |
23576126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%20War%20National%20Museum | Korean War National Museum | The Korean War National Museum (KWNM) was a private-sector non-profit Illinois-based corporation headquartered in Springfield, Illinois. The KWNM sought to create a museum and educational program to help people understand American participation in the Korean War (1950-1953), especially from the point of view of the men and women who served in combat and support roles. Founded in 1997, the KWNM reorganized in 2010 with the goal of expanding itself and building an accredited museum facility in New York City.
A 10,000 square foot KWNM facility, the Denis J. Healy Freedom Center, operated from 2009 until 2017 in Springfield, Illinois. The troops of 23 nations, including the United States of America, South Korea, and 21 other nations that fought under the flag of the United Nations, were honored in the Illinois storefront facility. In 1950-1953, an estimated 6 million U.S. men and women served in the armed forces, although not all of them were actually stationed in Korea.
The Korean War National Museum abruptly closed in August 2017. It was announced in March 2018 that artifacts formerly displayed in the museum had been transferred to the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum in Independence, Missouri, and the museum's former website, "Korean War National Museum," was deactivated.
See also
Korean War Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.
References
Defunct museums in Illinois
Korean War museums
Museums established in 1997
2009 establishments in Illinois
Museums disestablished in 2017
2017 disestablishments in Illinois |
20474014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Imbert | Françoise Imbert | Françoise Imbert (born September 16, 1947) is a French politician. She was the member of the National Assembly of France from 1997 to 2017 for Haute-Garonne's 5th constituency, as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1947 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians |
44500510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%20%28gesture%29 | O (gesture) | The "O" is a gesture used predominantly at the University of Oregon (UO) in Eugene, Oregon, United States, and especially at events in which the school's athletic teams, the Oregon Ducks, are taking part. The gesture is used to show support for the team or university, and is formed by an individual matching up the fingertips of each hand after making the letter "C" with both hands. First used by University of Oregon band directors as a cue to indicate the song to be played, it gained its current meaning after a photograph of quarterback Joey Harrington appeared on the front page of The Oregonian making the "O" sign with his hands.
Origin
The gesture was first used by University of Oregon band directors, who relied on visual cues to direct the ensemble due to crowd noise. Steven Paul, who served as band director from 1983 to 1989, used the sign to prompt musicians to begin performing the fight song "Mighty Oregon". It was one of several gestures used by Paul and subsequent band directors, including Todd Zimbelman, who served as the band director from 1999 to 2005. It became popularized after a photograph of quarterback Joey Harrington making the "O" appeared on the front page of The Oregonian one day following the Civil War game in 2001. Harrington had made the gesture at the band, hoping to hear the fight song one more time. In 2014, Harrington recalled:
The moment was photographed by Bruce Ely, photographer at The Oregonian, and Thomas Boyd, who worked for the Eugene Register-Guard at the time. Ely recalled, "I remember calling editors and telling them it would be a cool picture for the front page. It took off from there. I think Tom and I are the only two people that happened to be in position."
Harrington displayed the gesture again at the Fiesta Bowl.
Adoption
Fans continued displaying the "O" at sporting events following the 2001 game. Nike gloves and other merchandise have been produced showing the symbol. According to John Canzano, sports writer for The Oregonian, the gesture has become "a universal non-verbal rally cry for the university".
The Winter 2014 edition of the Oregon Quarterly includes a photograph of Lady Gaga "throwing the O" with a UO alumna.
Controversy
As Oregon players began to use the gesture on the field after a good play, Fox Sports rules analyst Mike Pereira, a former NFL and college football official, indicated that he thought the use of the sign bordered on unsportsmanlike conduct, which could lead to a 15-yard penalty. Pereira later clarified his comments, indicating that the sign should be allowed, as long as it was not "prolonged" or "directed at an opponent."
Teachers in an American Sign Language class at Oregon have cautioned that, since the gesture often ends up being improperly formed, it ends up having more of the spade-like shape of the sign for "vagina" rather than the letter "O". Former Ducks player LaMichael James, who took the class, avoided making the sign for fear of being misinterpreted.
See also
Big "O", a hillside letter representing the University of Oregon, located at Skinner Butte in Eugene, Oregon
References
2001 establishments in Oregon
Hand gestures
Oregon Ducks
University of Oregon |
44500540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena%20Macedo%20Dom%C3%ADnguez | Magdalena Macedo Domínguez | María Magdalena Macedo Domínguez (born 25 May 1955) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. In 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico.
References
1955 births
Living people
Politicians from the State of Mexico
Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians |
44500543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Kreiner | Philip Kreiner | Philip Kreiner (born 1950 in Timmins, Ontario) is a Canadian writer, whose short story collection People Like Us in a Place Like This was a nominee for the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 1983 Governor General's Awards.
He published two further novels, Heartlands and Contact Prints, in the 1980s. All three works were drawn from Kreiner's own experience as a teacher who had worked in Cree communities in far Northern Ontario and in Jamaica.
Works
People Like Us in a Place Like This (1983, )
Heartlands (1984, )
Contact Prints (1987, )
References
1950 births
Living people
Canadian male novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
Canadian male short story writers
Writers from Timmins
20th-century Canadian short story writers
20th-century Canadian male writers |
44500544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Education%20Academy | Pakistan Education Academy | Pakistan Education Academy is a Pakistani international school in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It provides education to the children of Pakistani expatriates residing in Dubai. The school was founded in 1968.
As of 4th November 2020, Pakistan Education Academy has become a part of a renowned group of schools belonging to Cambridge.
References
External links
1968 establishments in the Trucial States
Educational institutions established in 1968
Pakistani international schools in the United Arab Emirates
International schools in Dubai
Schools in Dubai |
23576130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mary%20Onettes | The Mary Onettes | The Mary Onettes are an indie rock/dream pop band from Jönköping, Sweden, signed to Labrador Records. To date, the band has released three full-length studio albums and four EPs.
History
The Mary Onettes were formed in 2000 in the Swedish town of Jönköping by Philip Ekström (vocals, guitar), his brother Henrik Ekström (bass), Petter Agurén (guitar) and Simon Fransson (drums). The band was drawn together by their common interest in 1980s and 1990s music, especially bands such as the Stone Roses and the Cure. They earned their first record deal in 2004, but were dropped after only six months without the opportunity to release any recorded material. Columbia/Sony BMG signed the band eight months later, and they released their debut EP, Make Me Last, in May 2005. Following positive critical reception but muted commercial response, they found themselves without a label shortly after the EP's release. The Mary Onettes intended to self-release all material thereafter, but Swedish indie pop label Labrador Records signed the band, and they established a recording studio in Gothenburg.
The band's first release on Labrador was the four-song EP Lost, released in November 2006. Pitchfork described the song "Lost" as "start[ing] out a bit New Order, but it quickly blows up into grand teen-movie hooks that only a grump could find much fault with".
They released their debut full-length studio album, The Mary Onettes, in April 2007, receiving generally positive critical acclaim and favorable comparisons to Echo & the Bunnymen, the Cure, the Church and Shout Out Louds. Treble magazine, in a highly positive review, described the album: "It may sound a bit on the nostalgic side, though its influences merely melt into a greater whole, in which various sounds meld together in synth-pop ecstasy". The first single from the album, "Void," preceded it in March 2007.
Following extensive touring around Europe, and a brief tour of the United States, the band began recording their second album. However, a post from Philip Ekström on the band's official website said, "Last summer I basically lost every song I've ever recorded with the Mary Onettes. My hard drive with all my music was stolen in my car one fine afternoon in Stockholm, the very same fine afternoon we came home from our US tour, the very same day I was feeling thrilled to come home and start the process of finishing our new album. Of course I had made a backup copy on my computer at home. But for some reason a power failure in the building made that hard drive collapse too. Unbelievable. I was speechless for days". The band played the Primavera Sound Festival in Spain in May 2008, and reconvened in the studio to start the recording process again in September.
The band's Dare EP was released in April 2009. They recorded the EP in a small studio in Jönköping, and recorded the string arrangements in a church near the band's hometown. The EP was intended as a sampler of the second album, Islands, which was released on 4 November 2009. The album was also preceded by the single "Puzzles," released on 30 September 2009 as a digital download. Philip Ekström said of the album's name: "The title Islands came up because I see the tracks on the album as small islands in different shapes and forms where every song is like a record of very own. Johan on Labrador Records suggested the same title without having heard me mentioning the idea, so that was a coincidence too good not to pursue. The songs are almost too personal and I've had a hard time playing them for friends. It's like all I want to do is keep them to myself".
In 2011, Philip and Henrik Ekström founded a new group called Det Vackra Livet, featuring much of the same sound and influences of the Mary Onettes, but with lyrics sung in Swedish instead of English.
On 28 February 2012, the Mary Onettes released their fourth EP, Love Forever, produced by ex-STUDIO member Dan Lissvik. The band's third album, Hit the Waves, was released on 12 March 2013, followed by a fourth album, Portico, on 4 March 2014. In November 2016, a new single titled "Juna" was released.
Discography
Studio albums
The Mary Onettes (2007, Labrador Records)
Islands (2009, Labrador Records)
Hit the Waves (2013, Labrador Records)
Portico (2014, Labrador Records)
Singles and EPs
Make Me Last EP (2005, Columbia Records)
Lost EP (2006, Labrador Records)
"Void" single (2007, Labrador Records)
'Dare EP (2009, Labrador Records)
"Puzzles" digital single (2009, Labrador Records)
"Once I Was Pretty" single (2010, Labrador Records)
"The Night Before the Funeral" 7" single (2010, Labrador Records)
Love Forever EP (2012, Labrador Records)
"Evil Coast" digital single (2012, Labrador Records)
"Naive Dream" single (2014, Labrador)
"Ruins" single (2015,Cascine)
"Juna" single (2016, Cascine)
"Cola Falls" single (2018, Cascine)
Music videos
References
External links
The Mary Onettes on Labrador Records
The Mary Onettes' official MySpace page
The Mary Onettes at Discogs
"Lost" (Live on TV4 Nyhetsmorgon) video on YouTube
Swedish musical groups
Swedish rock music groups
Swedish indie rock groups
Swedish alternative rock groups
Dream pop musical groups
Shoegazing musical groups
Musical groups established in 2000
Cascine artists |
44500545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Powers%20Laird | Warren Powers Laird | Warren Powers Laird, FAIA (August 8, 1861 – February 18, 1948) was an American architect from Minnesota. He was Dean of the School of Fine Arts of the University of Pennsylvania from 1920 to his retirement in 1932.
Biography
Laird was born in Winona, Minnesota, on August 8, 1861. He attended public schools in Winona, followed by study at the Winona Normal School. From 1885 to 1887, Laird took an architecture course at Cornell University. He then practiced for six years in architectural offices in Minnesota, Boston, and New York City, then studied in Paris. Near the end of his Cornell coursework, he was named an instructor of architecture. In January 1891, he was named a Professor of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1911, Laird was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science by Pennsylvania. He was elevated to Dean of the School of Fine Arts there in 1920. He retired in 1932 and was named professor emeritus. Laird frequently consulted for state and municipal governments. He was on the national advisory council of Lingnan University in Canton, China, and was a trustee there for seventeen years. He served on the architectural jury of the art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Laird married Clara Elizabeth Tuller on November 15, 1893. They had two children: Mary Hall and Helen Powers, the latter not surviving to adulthood. Laird served a term as president of the Fine Arts League of Philadelphia and served the American Institute of Architects on its Committee of Education. He died at his home in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, on February 18, 1948.
Works
Winona Free Public Library (1899), Winona, Minnesota
Stock Pavilion (1908) (with Paul Philippe Cret), Madison, Wisconsin
Winona Masonic Temple (1909), Winona
Lathrop Hall (1910) (with Cret), Madison
Agricultural Chemistry Building (1912) (with Cret), Madison
References
1861 births
1948 deaths
Architects from Minnesota
Architects from Pennsylvania
Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning alumni
Cornell University faculty
University of Pennsylvania faculty
People from Winona, Minnesota
People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Fellows of the American Institute of Architects |
17336029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindass | Bindass | Bindass is an Indian pay television channel targeted at young people. It was launched on 24 September 2007. Bindass is owned by Disney Star, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company India.
History
UTV Software Communications launched Bindass as a youth-oriented entertainment channel on 24 September 2007 along with movie channel Bindass Movies (which was later rebranded as UTV Action). Initial programming consisted of a sitcoms Sun Yaar Chill Maar and Lagegi, action series Shakira - The End of Evil, 3rd Degree with Ugesh Sarcar and six international shows The Benny Hill Show, Japanese Pro Wrestling Show, Gotcha, Motorrad Cops, Whacked Out Sports and Challenges of Fire.
In February 2010, Bindass launched a new campaign titled "What I Am" which aimed at speaking for the youth of India, and dispel popular misconceptions about their attitude towards responsibilities.
The Walt Disney Company acquired UTV in 2012 and Bindass along with other UTV channels became part of Disney India Media Networks.
The channel launched Halla Bol in 2014, first show under the new brand campaign. The show showcased stories inspired by various real life instances and celebrates the victories of women who stood their ground to emerge as heroes. The show was hosted by television actor Karan Tacker.
In 2016 Disney Media Networks India started producing Web television series which will be simulcast on Bindass as well digital platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The first series under this multi-platform strategy was The Girl in the City which was followed by The Trip, Girl in the City Chapter 2, Dil Buffering and Tere Liye Bro.
In 2017 Disney India closed Bindass Play, a music channel and its content was merged with Bindass.
In October 2021, it was reported that Bindass would be shut down on 30 November 2021. The shut down was later postponed.
Bindass India concert
On 13 January 2008, Bindass presented a two-hour live concert starring popular Bollywood star Shahrukh Khan at MMRDA Grounds, Mumbai. The entourage included stars Priyanka Chopra, Dia Mirza, Rakhi Sawant and Dino Morea. The concert was hosted by Sajid Khan, and choreographed by Ganesh Hegde.
Prior to the contest Bindass organized a nationwide contest called "Dance with SRK", where the lucky winners would get to dance with Shah Rukh Khan on stage. Through a lucky dip, three winners, Andrew from Kolkatta, Richa from Lucknow and 9 year old Vidhi from Mumbai, were chosen. The concert was telecast on Bindass on 26 January 2008 on Indian Republic Day.
Programming
3rd Degree with Ugesh Sarcar (2007–2009)
Beg Borrow Steal (2011–2017)
The Benny Hill Show (2007–2008)
Big Switch (2009–2015)
Cash Cab-Meter Chalu Hai' (2008–2010)
The Chair (2010)
Challenges of Fire (2007–2008)
Change Aaeyga Hum Laayenge (2014)
Dadagiri (2008–2011)
Destination Love (2010)
Dil Buffering (2017)
Emotional Atyachar (2009–2015)
Fear Less (2012)
Halla Bol (2015)
Hass Ley India (2007–2008)
Girl in the City (2016)
Girl in the City: Chapter 2 (2017)
Girl in the City: Chapter 3 (2018)
Ishq Messenger (2017–2021)
Japanese Wrestling Show (2007–2008)
The Khan Sisters (2011–2013)
Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2008)
Kota Toppers (2015–2016)
Lagegi (2007)
Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan (2016)
Live out Loud – It’s Now or Never (2012)
Love by Chance (2014–2015)
Love Lock Up (2011)
Meri Toh Lag Gayi.... Naukri (2011)
Motorrad Cops (2007–2008)
Pyar Ka The End (2014)
Road Diaries (2016)
Selfie Wala Show (2017–2021)
Shakira - The End of Evil (2007–2008)
Sun Yaar Chill Maar (2007–2008)
Sun Yaar Try Maar (2015)
Surprise Surprise Gotcha (2007–2008)
Superdude (2011–2013)
Tere Liye Bro (2017–2018)
Tia's Request Show (2017–2021)
The Trip (2016–2018)
Tu Con Main Con (2015)
Whacked Out Sports (2007–2008)
Yeh Hai Aashiqui (2013–2016)
Zabaan Sambhalke (2007–2008)
Zindagi Wins'' (2015)
References
External links
Official website
Television stations in Mumbai
Hindi-language television channels in India
Television channels and stations established in 2007
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2021
UTV Software Communications
Disney India Media Networks
Bindass original programming
Disney Star |
44500562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous%20Number | Dangerous Number | Dangerous Number is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Richard Thorpe and written by Carey Wilson. The film stars Robert Young, Ann Sothern, Reginald Owen, and Cora Witherspoon, and features Dean Jagger. The film was released on January 22, 1937, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Plot
A clothing manufacturer, Hank (Robert Young) returns from a year in Japan, learning about a new formula for synthetic silk, to discover that his girlfriend Eleanor (Ann Sothern) is engaged to marry another man. Hank persuades her to jilt the new man at the altar.
After he and Eleanor get married, Hank comes to dislike the show-business friends of his wife and mother-in-law Gypsy (Cora Witherspoon) who pop up at all hours. And a man named Dillman (Dean Jagger) turns up who claims that Eleanor is actually his legal wife, not Hank's.
Hank is distracted by Vera (Maria Shelton), a friend of Eleanor's, but in the end pretends to be a cab driver and steers his taxi into a lake, with passenger Eleanor wearing a silk dress Hank gave her that disintegrates in the water.
Cast
Production
The role of "Eleanor" was originally slated to be played by Myrna Loy. In August 1936, it was reported that Madge Evans was taking the role, but it eventually went to Ann Sothern, who was on loan from RKO.
References
External links
1937 films
1930s English-language films
American comedy films
1937 comedy films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films directed by Richard Thorpe
American black-and-white films |
23576142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20Jo%C5%A1ava | Nova Jošava | Nova Jošava is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23576143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20cavendishianum | Trichocentrum cavendishianum | Trichocentrum cavendishianum is a species of orchid found from Mexico to Central America.
References
External links
cavendishianum
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Central America |
44500576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin%20and%20Bones%20%28Lyriel%20album%29 | Skin and Bones (Lyriel album) | Skin and Bones is the fifth studio album by the German band Lyriel. Containing a mix of folk rock, gothic metal and symphonic metal, it was recorded without former band member Steffen Feldmann and published in September 2014.
Style
Skin and Bones has been described as more powerful and harder than the band's previous releases. The musical genres include folk rock and celtic rock as well as gothic and symphonic metal. Swedish vocalist Christian Älvestam contributed harsh vocals as a guest singer on the track "Black and white".
Reception
According to the Sonic Seducer, Lyriel had managed to combine the emotional aspects of the various tracks on Skin and Bones with a pressing sound, which was harder than their earlier albums. The reviewer noted singer Jessica Thierjung's skills and concluded that the album had been produced well. Also the Rock Hard magazine stated that Lyriel had now learned from past criticism that their sound was lacking harder components. At the same time though the reviewer remarked that the band had not yet gotten rid of kitschy and "arbitrary" songs.
Track listing
Personnel
The production personnel for Skin and Bones include the following:
Lyriel
Jessica Thierjung – vocals
Tim Sonnenstuhl – guitars
Joon Laukamp – violin
Oliver Thierjung – bass, backing vocals
Marcus Fidorra – drums
Linda Laukamp – cello, backing vocals
Additional personnel
Christian Älvestam – vocals on "Black and white"
Hiko – cover art, layout
Thomas Plec Johansson – mixing
Robert Schuller – acoustic guitar
Sebastian Sonntag – backing vocals
Alexander Wenk – backing vocals
Martin Ahman – keyboards and fx
References
2014 albums
Lyriel albums
AFM Records albums |
44500585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente%20Mart%C3%ADnez | Vicente Martínez | Vicente Martínez may refer to:
Vicente Martínez (wrestler) (born 1946), Mexican wrestler
Vicente Martinez Ybor, Spanish cigar manufacturer in Cuba and Florida |
44500588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20lace | Princess lace | Princess lace is a tape lace. It is made of straight machine-made lace tapes also called princess lace. The lacemaker bends and folds these into the shape of flowers and leaves, and sews them into position.
History
Princess lace was introduced at the end of the 19th century in Belgium. The most famous cities for princess lace were Aalst, Ninove, Geraardsbergen, Dendermonde and Liedekerke. It is reputed to be called Princess lace because the Belgium Royal Family used it.
Princess lace was mostly a home industry. In 1993, there were still 15 lace merchants who asked lacemakers to make princess lace.
References
Tape lace |
44500589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamb%C3%BA%2C%20Bamb%C3%BA | Bambú, Bambú | Bambú, Bambú is a song written by Patrick Teixeira and Donga and recorded by Carmen Miranda in 1939 for the film Down Argentine Way.
References
External links
Gravações americanas de Carmen Miranda
Samba songs
1939 songs
Carmen Miranda songs
Portuguese-language songs
Brazilian songs |
44500595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebiscitum%20Ovinium | Plebiscitum Ovinium | The Plebiscitum Ovinium (often called the Lex Ovinia) was an initiative by the Plebeian Council that transferred the power to revise the list of members of the Roman Senate (the lectio senatus) from consuls to censors.
Date
Since Appius Claudius Caecus is said to have changed the membership of the senate during his censorship in 312 BCE, the law must have been passed by then, but not much earlier because the censors of 319 removed a man from his tribe, but not from the senate.
Reaction
The patricians did not recognize the validity of the Plebiscitum Ovinium, but nevertheless did not attempt to prevent the lectio senatus being carried out by the censors rather than the consuls.
See also
Conflict of the Orders
Ovinia gens
References
Roman law
Initiatives |
44500612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenni%20Montiel | Lenni Montiel | Lenni Montiel is the United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Prior to this appointment of 18 November 2014, Mr. Montiel was an Assistant Secretary-General of Social, Economic and Development Affairs.
Biographical Information
Mr. Montiel has a wide range of experience and expertise with the United Nations in the area of Development. He worked with the United Nations Development Programme as a Resident Coordinator in Turkmenistan and as a Senior Technical Adviser in Vietnam and Ukraine. Mr. Montiel studied at the University of Birmingham where he obtained a PhD in Public Policy, and at the Belarusian Institute for National Economy where he obtained an MSc in Economics.
References
Venezuelan officials of the United Nations
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Belarus State Economic University alumni
Alumni of the University of Birmingham |
6904062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Kansas%20State%20University%20people | List of Kansas State University people | The following is a list of notable people associated with Kansas State University, whose main campus is located in the American city of Manhattan, Kansas.
University presidents
The following men have served as President of Kansas State University:
Joseph Denison, 1863–1873
John Anderson, 1873–1879
George Fairchild, 1879–1897
Thomas Elmer Will, 1897–1899
Ernest Reuben Nichols, 1899–1909
Henry J. Waters, 1909–1917
William Jardine, 1918–1925
Francis D. Farrell, 1925–1943
Milton Eisenhower, 1943–1950+
James A. McCain, 1950–1975
Duane C. Acker, 1975–1986
Jon Wefald, 1986–2009
Kirk Schulz, 2009–2016
Richard Myers, 2016–present+
+Kansas State alumnus
Alumni
Academia
Anna Estelle Arnold (1879–1942) – school teacher, administrator, textbook publisher
Erle Bartley – professor (1949–83); developed widely used preventative for ruminal tympany (ruminant bloat)
May Louise Cowles – researcher and nationwide advocate of home economics study
Kenneth S. Davis – historian, professor, nominated for National Book Award
Milton S. Eisenhower – former president of Kansas State, Penn State, and Johns Hopkins universities; brother of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Charlotte P. Morris (PhD) – interim president of Tuskegee University (2010; 2017–2018)
Ernest Fox Nichols – physicist, president of Dartmouth College (1909–16) and MIT (1921–23)
Michael O'Donnell – professor, researcher on adolescent wellness
George P. "Bud" Peterson – President of the Georgia Institute of Technology (2009–present); chancellor of the University of Colorado-Boulder (2006–09)
Imam Prasodjo – professor at the University of Indonesia
John Brooks Slaughter – Chancellor of University System of Maryland (1982–88), president of Occidental College (1988–99), director of the National Science Foundation
Jackie Vietti – President of Butler Community College for 17 years; interim president of Emporia State University in 2015
Arts and media
Kirstie Alley – actress (Cheers, Veronica's Closet, Fat Actress); winner of two Emmy Awards
Craig Bolerjack – announcer on NFL on CBS; Utah Jazz television announcer
Charles L. Brainard – architect; active in preserving the papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower and establishing the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home
Jane Butel – cookbook author; founder of the Jane Butel Cooking School
Bill Buzenberg – journalist; executive director of Center for Public Integrity; former vice-president of news at NPR
Del Close – actor, improviser, writer; co-founder of I.O. theatre in Chicago and one of premier influences on modern improvisational theater
Lucinda Dickey – actress (Breakin', Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo), former Solid Gold dancer
Roy M. Fisher – journalist; former Editor-in-Chief of Chicago Daily News
Gail Gregg – artist
Eddie Griffin – comedian
Mitch Holthus – radio voice of Kansas City Chiefs
Gordon Jump – actor (WKRP in Cincinnati, "Maytag Man")
Charles Melton – actor
Virgil Miller – film special effects pioneer; Academy Award nominee
Clementine Paddleford – journalist and food writer; declared by Time magazine in 1953 as the "best known food editor in the United States"
Darcy Pattison – writer of children’s literature, blogger, writing teacher and indie publisher.
Steve Pepoon – TV writer/producer; Emmy winner, The Simpsons
Steve Physioc – broadcaster for the Kansas City Royals
Keylee Sue Sanders – television fashion consultant; former Miss Teen USA; pageant organizer
Lawrence M. Schoen – science fiction author
Mark Schultz – musician
Kevin Warren Sloan - student athlete; landscape architect, urban planner and writer
Crystal Smith – model, actress, and Playboy centerfold
Pete Souza – photojournalist and official White House photographer (1983–1989); chief White House photographer (2009–present)
Eric Stonestreet – actor (Modern Family), Emmy Award winner
Theresa Vail – Miss Kansas 2013
Jerry Wexler – record producer; enshrined in Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
English/creative writing
Derick Burleson – poet
Frank Marshall Davis – poet; journalist; editor of several African-American newspapers
Darren DeFrain – fiction writer
Taylor Mali – slam poet
Claude McKay – poet influential during Harlem Renaissance
Debra Monroe – fiction writer
Bryan Penberthy – poet
Kevin Rabas – poet
Ed Skoog – poet
Business
Leanne Caret – President and CEO of Boeing Defense, Space & Security
James Harbord – Major General during World War I; president and chairman of the board for RCA
Damon T. Hininger – Chief Executive Officer of the Corrections Corporation of America.
Carl Ice – President (2010–14) and President and CEO (2014–20) of BNSF Railway
Jim Isch – officer at NCAA; interim executive director of NCAA (2009–2010)
Dakota Bartell - President of DBMetals (2015–Present)
William A. Porter – founder of E-Trade
Warren Staley – President and CEO, Cargill, Inc.
Gregory C. Case - CEO of Aon
Politics, government and military
Emory S. Adams – United States Army general
Joseph Boakai – Vice President of Liberia (2006–2018)
Sam Brownback – U.S. Senator, Kansas (1996–2011), 46th governor of Kansas (2011–2018)
Donald M. Campbell Jr. – Commanding general of U.S. Army Recruiting Command in Fort Knox
John W. Carlin – 40th governor of Kansas; Archivist of the United States (1995–2005)
Glen E. Edgerton – Major General, U.S. Army
Marlin Fitzwater – Press Secretary under Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush
Kenji Fujimori – Peruvian businessman and Congressman
Jim Geringer – 30th governor of Wyoming
Mike Hayden – 41st governor of Kansas
Lori Healey – Commissioner of the Chicago Department of Planning and Development
Lynn Jenkins – Kansas State Treasurer (2002–08), U.S. House of Representatives (2009–present)
Ronald E. Keys – General, U.S. Air Force
Richard A. Knobloch – Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force
Henry D. Linscott – Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps
Roger Marshall – junior United States senator from Kansas
Michael A. McAuliffe – Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force
Frank B. Morrison – 31st governor of Nebraska (1961–67)
Richard Myers – Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff (2001–2005)
Richard Bordeaux Parker – diplomat
John Jacob Rhodes – Minority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–1981)
Pat Roberts – U.S. Senator, Kansas (1996–present)
Bernard W. Rogers – NATO Supreme Allied Commander
Glenn Rogers – Member of the Texas House of Representatives (2021–Present)
Susanna M. Salter – Mayor of Argonia, Kansas (1887); first female mayor in the United States
Fred Andrew Seaton – U.S. Senator, Nebraska (1951–1952); U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1956–1961)
K. Gary Sebelius – Magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas
Harold Sebring – Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court, American judge at the Nuremberg Trials, Dean of the Stetson University College of Law, and head coach of the Florida Gators football team
Richard J. Seitz – Lieutenant General, U.S. Army
Theresa Sparks – President of the San Francisco Police Commission
Virginia Trotter – U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education (1974–1977)
Allen West – U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 22nd district (2011–2013)
Science and technology
Mark Alfred Carleton – botanist
Peter Tsai - inventor of N95 mask
David Fairchild – botanist and explorer
Paul C. Fisher – inventor
Philip Fox – astronomer
Alwyn Howard Gentry – botanist
Luis Montaner – HIV/AIDS researcher
Nellie M. Payne – entomologist and agricultural chemist
Elieser Posner — grain scientist
Geraldine L. Richmond – physical chemist; National Medal of Science laureate
Lloyd Carlton Stearman – aircraft designer
Charles Hazelius Sternberg – paleontologist
Walter Tennyson Swingle – botanist
Samuel Wendell Williston – paleontologist
Athletics
Baseball
Elden Auker – All-American (1932); All-Big Six Conference in football, basketball, and baseball; played for Detroit Tigers
Josh Billings – 11-year Major League Baseball veteran
Ted Power – 12-year Major League Baseball veteran
Bobby Randall – played for Minnesota Twins (1976–80), former head baseball coach at Iowa State University (1985-1995), former head baseball coach at University of Kansas (1996-2002)
Andy Replogle – pitcher for Milwaukee Brewers
Kite Thomas – outfielder for Philadelphia Athletics, Washington Senators; namesake of Kite's Bar in Manhattan, Kansas
Carlos Torres – pitcher for Chicago White Sox
Craig Wilson – All-American (1992); member of the 1992 Olympic baseball team in Barcelona; played for Chicago White Sox
Earl Woods – father of Tiger Woods; broke color barrier in baseball in the Big Seven Conference at Kansas State
Basketball
Ernie Barrett – first-round pick in 1951 NBA Draft (Boston Celtics), former athletic director at Kansas State, number retired by KSU
Michael Beasley – active NBA player, All-American and Big 12 Conference Player of the Year (2008), second overall selection in the 2008 NBA Draft
Rolando Blackman – College Basketball Hall of Famer, All-American (1981), first-round pick in 1981 NBA Draft (Dallas Mavericks), four-time NBA All-Star
Bob Boozer – College Basketball Hall of Famer, two-time All-American (1958, 1959), first overall draft pick in 1959 NBA Draft (Cincinnati Royals), NBA All-Star
Bob Chipman – former basketball coach at Washburn University; team won 1986–1987 NAIA national championship
Norris Coleman (born 1961) - NBA forward for the Los Angeles Clippers, 1994 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
Mike Evans – two-time Big Eight Conference Player of the Year (1977, 1978), first-round pick in 1978 NBA Draft (Denver Nuggets), NBA executive and coach
Bill Guthridge – former basketball coach at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Coach of the Year (1998)
Gene Keady – former basketball coach at Purdue, four-time National Coach of the Year (1984, 1994, 1996, 2000)
Lon Kruger – basketball coach at Oklahoma, former coach of Atlanta Hawks, two-time Big Eight Conference Player of the Year (1973, 1974)
Rodney McGruder – active NBA player (Los Angeles Clippers)
Willie Murrell – led KSU to Final Four in 1964, former ABA basketball player, number retired by KSU
Nicole Ohlde – three-time All-American (2002, 2003, 2004), first-round pick in 2004 WNBA Draft, number retired by KSU
Jacob Pullen – all-time scoring leader for KSU (2,132 career points), winner of Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award
Mitch Richmond – Naismith Hall of Fame, All-American (1988), first-round pick in 1988 NBA Draft, six-time NBA All-Star, NBA All-Star Game MVP
Howie Shannon – All-American (1948), first overall draft pick in 1949 BAA Draft (Providence Steamrollers)
Juan "Pachín" Vicens – named "Best Basketball Player in the World" in 1959
Kendra Wecker – All-American and Big 12 Conference Player of the Year (2005), first-round pick in 2005 WNBA Draft (San Antonio Silver Stars), number retired by KSU
D.J. Johnson (basketball) -
Football
Elijah Alexander – NFL linebacker; founder of the Tackle Cancer Foundation
David Allen – All-American (1998); NFL kick returner
Michael Bishop – Davey O'Brien Award winner; second in voting for 1998 Heisman Trophy; All-American (1998)
Larry Brown – 1972 NFL MVP; four-time NFL Pro Bowler
Russ Campbell – former NFL tight end for the Pittsburgh Steelers
Chris Canty – two-time All-American (1995, 1996); first-round pick in 1997 NFL Draft
Henry Childs – NFL Pro Bowler
Paul Coffman – three-time NFL Pro Bowler; member of Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
Tyrone Crews – CFL linebacker, Grey Cup champion, BC Lions Wall of Fame
Ron Dickerson – head football coach for Temple University
Darrell Dickey – head football coach for University of North Texas
Lynn Dickey – NFL quarterback; named all-time All-Big Eight QB in 1996; member of Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
Josh Freeman – NFL quarterback; first-round draft pick in 2009 NFL Draft
Ralph Graham – starter in 1934 East-West Shrine Game; head football coach for Kansas State
Martín Gramática – Lou Groza Award winner; All-American (1997); NFL Pro Bowler
Dean Griffing – Canadian Football Hall of Famer; first general manager of Denver Broncos
Steve Grogan – NFL quarterback; member of New England Patriots Hall of Fame
Kirby Hocutt – athletic director at Texas Tech University, Chairman of College Football Playoff Committee (2016– )
Jason Johnson – former Indianapolis Colts player
Tony Jordan – NFL running back of Phoenix Cardinals
Jeff Kelly – All-American (1998); former NFL linebacker
Collin Klein – Big XII Offensive Player of the Year 2012; Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award 2012; third in voting for 2012 Heisman Trophy
Tyler Lockett – NFL wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks selected for the 2016 Pro Bowl
Jeron Mastrud – NFL tight end (Miami Dolphins)
Jaime Mendez – All-American (1993); holds KSU record for most interceptions in a season (15)
Ralph McFillen – player 1960–1963; NCAA conference commissioner
Jordy Nelson – All-American (2007); NFL wide receiver (Green Bay Packers)
Quentin Neujahr – NFL center
Terence Newman – Jim Thorpe Award winner; unanimous All-American (2002); first-round pick in 2003 NFL Draft
Gary Patterson – head football coach at TCU
Ellis Rainsberger – head football coach for Kansas State University and Pittsburgh Maulers
Doug Russell – led NFL in rushing in 1935
Clarence Scott – All-American (1970); NFL Pro Bowler
Harold L. "Tom" Sebring – Head football coach for the University of Florida (1925–1927)
Mark Simoneau – All-American (1999); Big 12 Player of the Year; former NFL linebacker
Sean Snyder – All-American (1992); son of coach Bill Snyder
Gary Spani – All-American (1977); Member of College Football Hall of Fame and Kansas City Chiefs Hall of Fame
Darren Sproles – All-American (2003); NFL running back; selected as one of "Fifty Greatest San Diego Chargers"
Bob Stull – athletic director at UTEP
Veryl Switzer – NFL running back; highest NFL draft pick in KSU history (#4 in 1954)
Daniel Thomas – NFL running back
James J. Yeager – head football coach for Iowa State University and the University of Colorado
Golf
Jim Colbert – finished second at NCAA Championships; registered 8 victories on PGA Tour and 20 victories on Champions Tour; golf television analyst
Robert Streb – PGA golfer
Aaron Watkins – PGA golfer
Track and field
Thane Baker – winner of four Olympic medals, including gold, at 1952 Summer Olympics and 1956 Summer Olympics
Tom Brosius – All-American in shot put and discus
DeLoss Dodds – Big Seven champion; Kansas State track coach (1963–1976); U.S. Track and Field and Cross Country Coaches Association Hall of Fame
Steve Fritz – Big Eight champion; finished fourth in decathlon at 1996 Summer Olympics; assistant coach at Kansas State
Kenny Harrison – won gold medal in triple jump at 1996 Summer Olympics
Thomas Randolph – two-sport All-American (1992)
Ivan Riley – won bronze medal in 400 meter hurdles at 1924 Summer Olympics
Austra Skujytė – won silver medal in heptathlon (for Lithuania) at 2004 Summer Olympics; assistant coach at Kansas State
Others
Erin Brockovich – activist
Sean Lowe – reality star (The Bachelorette, The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars)
Jim Rayburn – founder of Young Life
Kevin Saunders – wheelchair Olympian
Faculty and staff
Stephen Ambrose – professor of history (1970–71)
Helen Brockman – fashion designer (1968–74)
Helen Stuart Campbell – professor of domestic science (1896–97)
Elizabeth Williams Champney – secretary of college, drawing instructor (1870–73)
John Ciardi – professor of English (poetry)
John Wynn Davidson – first professor of military science (1868–71)
Kenneth S. Davis – professor of history
Michael Finnegan – professor of anthropology
Angelo Garzio, emeritus professor of ceramics
Charles Christian Georgeson – professor of agriculture (1890–98)
Nehemiah Green – professor of military tactics
Roy M. Green – professor; later president of Colorado State University
T. Marshall Hahn – Dean of College of Arts and Sciences (1959–62); later president of Virginia Tech
Pascal Hitzler - professor of computer science (2019–present)
Jonathan Holden – professor of English (poetry) (1978–present)
John S. Hougham – chairman of philosophy and agriculture (1868–72)
A. S. Hitchcock – professor of botany (1892–1901)
Lloyd Hulbert – professor of biology (1955–86)
William Ashbrook Kellerman – professor of botany (1883–91)
Naomi B. Lynn – professor of political science; later first Hispanic female president of an American public university
George A. Milliken – professor of statistics
W. R. Moses – poet; professor of English
Benjamin Franklin Mudge – Chair of Geology Department (1866–74)
Philip Nel – professor of English (2000–present)
Mitsugi Ohno – glassblower of first successful Klein bottle (1961–96)
Andrew Summers Rowan – professor of military tactics (1902–03)
Fred Albert Shannon – professor of history; awarded Pulitzer Prize for History in 1929 while teaching at Kansas State
James Shanteau – professor of psychology
Maurice Cole Tanquary – professor of entomology (1913–1919)
Albert M. Ten Eyck – professor of agriculture (1902–06), agronomy (1906–10) and farm management (1910–12)
Michael Wesch – assistant professor of cultural anthropology, recipient of 2008 U.S. Professor of the Year award from CASE
Kimberly A. With – professor of biology
Fictional characters
Joseph, anti-hero of Bruce Jay Friedman's novel A Mother's Kisses, attends "Kansas Land Grant Agricultural College."
Mary Ashley, main character in Sidney Sheldon's novel Windmills of the Gods, starts the book as a professor at Kansas State University.
Brantley Foster, protagonist in the movie The Secret of My Success, portrayed by Michael J. Fox, is a recent graduate of Kansas State University who moves to New York City where he has landed a job as a financier.
Oliver Lang, terrorist in the movie Arlington Road, portrayed by Tim Robbins, is a former Kansas State student.
Lamar Quin, senior associate in the John Grisham novel The Firm, is noted to have graduated from Kansas State.
See also
Lists of people from Kansas
References
Kansas State University people |
6904064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20M.%20Mrak | Emil M. Mrak | Emil Marcel Mrak (27 October 1901 – 9 April 1987) was an American food scientist, microbiologist, and second chancellor of the University of California, Davis. He was recognized internationally for his work in food preservation and as a world authority on the biology of yeasts.
Biography
Early years
Mrak was born in San Francisco, California, and graduated from Campbell High School in Campbell. He received a B.S. degree in Food Technology in 1926, M.S. degree in 1928, and Ph.D. degree in botany and mycology in 1936 from University of California, Berkeley. While an undergraduate at Berkeley, Mrak was a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity.
Career
Mrak was appointed as an instructor in food technology at UC Berkeley in 1937 and became professor and department chairman in 1948. In 1951, he led the move of the department to its current location at UC Davis, and was later appointed chancellor in 1959. He was the first food scientist to ever be named president or chancellor of a college or university. The only other food scientist to have this honor is James L. Oblinger, chancellor of the North Carolina State University in Raleigh from 2005 to 2009.
Mrak was recommended to UC President Clark Kerr by Harry R. Wellman. Kerr had to bring Mrak before the board three times in order to secure their reluctant approval of his appointment to lead the Davis campus. Upon encountering him, some regents initially thought that Mrak did not "look like a chancellor". However, both the Board of Regents and Kerr came to value Mrak's management skills, as well as his ability to effectively represent the university's interests in nearby Sacramento.
A charter member of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) in 1939, Mrak served as its President from 1957 to 1958. He also won numerous awards within IFT, including the Nicholas Appert Award (1957), the Babcock-Hart Award (1961), the International Award (1963), election as a Fellow in 1970, and the Carl R. Fellers Award in 1984. He also served as chair of IFT's Northern California Section in 1947/48. In 1969, Mrak served as chairman of a federal government commission (which became known as the Mrak commission) that recommended restricting the use of the pesticide DDT. He also served as the first chairman of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory Council under President Richard M. Nixon.
Personal life
Mrak married Vera Dudley Greaves, a nutritionist, on November 15, 1945. They had two children: Robert Emil Mrak (December 18, 1948) and Antoinette Vera Mrak (July 15, 1951). Mrak died in Davis, California on April 9, 1987. Mrak Hall, the administration office building on the UC Davis campus, is named in his honor.
In 1988, UC Davis also established the Emil M. Mrak International Award in his honor.
Mrak is of Croatian descent.
Honours and awards
Alpha Gamma Rho Chi Brothers of the Century: 1923
Alpha Gamma Rho Hall of Fame: 1980
University of California, Berkeley Alumnus of the Year: 1969
Students
Herman Phaff
References
Further reading
Alpha Gamma Rho Chi brothers of the century
Alpha Gamma Rho Hall of Fame
Centennial history of University of California (food science and technology)
Food Science and Technology history at UC-Davis
List of IFT fellows
List of IFT past award winners
External links
Emil Mrak on the Davis Wiki
University of California: In Memoriam, 1987.
University of California, Berkeley Alumnus of the Year awards
Images of Emil Mrak from UCD Archives
Emil Mrak Papers at Special Collections Dept., University Library, University of California, Davis
1901 births
1987 deaths
American food scientists
American microbiologists
Fellows of the Institute of Food Technologists
People from San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Chancellors of the University of California, Davis
Educators from California
People from Davis, California |
6904067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Boney | Henry Boney | Henry Tate Boney (October 28, 1903 – June 12, 2002) was an American professional baseball player who was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball during part of the 1927 season. Boney appeared in three games, all in relief, for the New York Giants.
Boney was born in Wallace, North Carolina. He attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he played for coach Lance Richbourg and coach Brady Cowell's Florida Gators baseball teams in 1926 and 1927.
Boney made his major league debut as 23-year-old rookie against the Philadelphia Phillies at Baker Bowl on June 28, 1927. He made his third and final relief appearance on July 13. Boney finished all three games in which he appeared, and pitched a total of four innings, giving up just one earned run. Boney's record was 0–0 with a 2.25 earned run average.
See also
Florida Gators
List of Florida Gators baseball players
External links
Retrosheet
1903 births
2002 deaths
Baseball players from North Carolina
Florida Gators baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Giants (NL) players
People from Wallace, North Carolina |
6904077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay | Kızılay |
Places
Cyprus
Kızılay, Cyprus the Turkish name for the town of Trachonas
Turkey
Kızılay, Ankara, a neighborhood of Ankara, and one of the primary nerve centers of the city
Kızılay Meydanı, a square in the neighborhood
Other uses
Kızılay, the short name for Kızılay Derneği, the Turkish Red Crescent |
23576148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20at%20the%201924%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20individual%20time%20trial | Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's individual time trial | The men's individual time trial event was part of the road cycling programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The results of individual cyclists were summed to give team results in the team time trial event.
The field consisted of 71 cyclists from 22 countries. The course was a loop beginning and ending at the Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir.
Results
Source:
References
External Links
Video of film footage of the time trial
Cycling at the Summer Olympics – Men's individual time trial
Road cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics |
6904082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi | Yahudi | Yahudi (), is a 1958 Hindi-language action drama film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play Yahudi Ki Ladki by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire. Although, not very well received critically, the film was an unexpected hit and was the third-highest grossing film of 1958, owing to box office draw of Dilip Kumar.
The film's lyricist Shailendra won the Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist at the 6th ceremony, for the song "Yeh Mera Diwanapan Hai", sung by Mukesh.
The plot bears similarities to Jacques Fromental Halévy's opera La Juive.
The story revolves around the life of a foster relationship. Set in the era of the Roman Empire over 2000 years ago, it focuses upon the persecution of Jews at that time in the empire's centre - Rome.
Plot
Ezra (Sohrab Modi) is a jeweller who has a son called Elijah. He also has a friendly butler/childminder called Emmanuel. In the beginning, Ezra is due to leave. As he does, Elijah becomes upset and stands at the balcony. In the roads of the Jewish area, Brutus (Nazir Hussain), Governor of Rome, is passing, making an announcement. Watching over the balcony is Elijah. A stone slips from his hand and hits Brutus on the head. Brutus immediately gets Elijah arrested, and as Elijah is a Jew, sentences him to death. Hearing this, Ezra rapidly returns from his trip and arrives at the doorstep of Brutus. He begs Brutus to free Elijah, but Brutus feeds Elijah to hungry lions. Ezra sadly returns to his house. In revenge, Emmanuel kidnaps Lydia, motherless daughter of Brutus, and takes her to Ezra. Ezra refuses to kill Lydia and instead adopts the child.
Brutus' anger brews. He orders the guards to find his daughter, and call for punishment of all Jews. Ezra remains hidden and raises Lydia, who grows up thinking she is Ezra's daughter and that her name is Hannah.
Years pass and Ezra grows to become a successful jeweller, well known to be so good and a Jew. Hannah (Meena Kumari) grows into a beautiful young lady and attracts attention from many. The Emperor of Rome arrives in Rome for the marriage of his son Prince Marcus (Dilip Kumar) to Brutus' niece Princess Octivia (Nigar Sultana).
However, Prince Marcus avoids talking about his marriage and opposes it. One day, when returning from a hunting trip, he gets hurt and is cared for by Hannah. He then disguises himself as a Jew and goes back into the Jewish area. He rescues Hannah from the unwanted attentions of a Roman soldier and meets her father, Ezra, not as Prince Marcus but as Monshija, a successful Jew from Alexandria. Ezra is happy to meet him and "Monshija" and Hannah fall in love.
But Hannah soon notices that something isn't right. Prince Marcus then reveals who he is, making Hannah very upset at his dishonesty, and she banishes the Prince from her life.
Then comes the day of the marriage of Prince Marcus and Princess Octivia. Everyone is invited. Before the ritual could commence, Hannah shouts aloud that she had been cheated by a Roman. Ezra joins in to get back at his enemy Brutus. He clamors for justice. The Emperor demands the name of the culprit and Hannah claims it was Prince Marcus. Brutus tries to rebut Hannah and Ezra, but the Emperor insists that justice must be done. Heartbroken, Hannah returns home.
She is followed by Princess Octivia. Hannah sees the Princess at her doorstep and denies her entry. Hannah knew the princess would beg for the Prince's life. However, the princess told Hannah that the Prince will be sentenced to death the very next day. Early morning the next day, without warning, Hannah took Ezra with her to the Emperor. There she told him that she takes the accusation back. She tells the Emperor that the man that cheated was not the prince but a look-alike. Ezra is shocked, and Brutus, filled with happiness, sentences Hannah and Ezra to death. They are to be thrown into a cauldron of boiling oil that very day, in front of the Prince. Unable to bear that his love will be burnt in front of him, Prince Marcus blinds himself, then goes to the cauldron chamber.
Here Ezra is begging for Hannah's life, and Hannah is trying to reason with Ezra that she'd rather die than live a life of hate. But Brutus stops at nothing and wants the two to die. Immediately, Ezra tells Brutus that he knows where the Governor's lost daughter is. Brutus is confused and says that this is Ezra's revenge and accuses the Jew of lying. Ezra sarcastically agrees. But Brutus begs Ezra and Ezra will only tell on one condition. That Hannah is thrown into the cauldron as soon as Brutus finds out who his daughter is. Now Hannah is confused. Ezra tells Brutus that Hannah is Brutus' daughter and the Jew tells the guards to throw Hannah into the boiling oil. Brutus orders them to stop. Ezra looks at Hannah and dies. Hannah cries over her foster father's dead body. Brutus tells Hannah not to cry, but Hannah does not listen. She runs away from Brutus and finds the Prince. Shocked to find him blind, Hannah lends him support and helps him as the two disappear into the distance.
Cast
Sohrab Modi as Ezra Johari
Dilip Kumar as Shehzada Marcus
Meena Kumari as Hannah / Lydia
Nigar Sultana as Shehzadi Octavia
Nazir hussain as Brutus
Anwar hussain as Antonio
Minu Mumtaz as Ruth
Tiwari as Emmanuel
Murad as Emperor Julius Caesar
Indira as Yasmine
Adil
Bikram kapoor as Leo
Baby Naaz as Young Lydia
Romi as Elijah
Helen as Dancer / Singer
Cuckoo as Dancer / Singer
Kamala Laxman as Wedding Dancer / Singer
Soundtrack
References
External links
Full movie YouTube
Indian films
Hindi-language films
1950s Hindi-language films
1958 films
Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan
Films directed by Bimal Roy
Films set in the Roman Empire
Indian historical drama films
Films about royalty
Films about antisemitism
Indian films based on plays
Indian epic films
Historical epic films
1950s historical drama films
Films featuring an item number
1958 drama films |
23576196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater%20Television%20Network | Theater Television Network | The Theater Television Network was an early American television network founded in 1951. The network was not a traditional 1950s television network: unlike the other TV networks that operated at that time, Theater Network programs were not broadcast into homes; instead, they aired at participating movie theaters.
The Theater Television Network, like many current theaters do for major events, broadcast mostly sporting events: NCAA basketball games, boxing matches, entertainment events. TTN however also broadcast public affairs programming. The network broadcast Harry Truman's 1951 State of the Union address.
Theater Television required special equipment to be installed at the Theater. After this initial cost the content could be transmitted over the air or through telephone cables. There were drawbacks to both systems. Theater owners pressed the FCC for bandwidth in the UHF spectrum but this was either resisted or given in short-term periods. The alternative was to use AT&T cable which was both expensive and limited the quality of the output.
In the period 1948-52 the FCC imposed a ban on issuing licences for new TV stations. This was the window of opportunity for Theater Television. However, once the freeze was over many new TV stations were established and the public preferred "free" TV in their own living rooms. The last Theater Television operation finished in 1953.
References
Defunct television networks in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 1951
1953 disestablishments in the United States
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1953
1951 establishments in the United States |
17336032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato%20cannon | Potato cannon | A potato cannon is a pipe-based cannon that uses air pressure (pneumatic), or combustion of a flammable gas (aerosol, propane, etc.), to launch projectiles at high speeds. They are built to fire chunks of potato, as a hobby, or to fire other sorts of projectiles, for practical use. Projectiles or failing guns can be dangerous and result in life-threatening injuries, including cranial fractures, enucleation, and blindness if a person is hit.
The potato cannon can trace its origin to the World War II-era Holman Projector, which was a shipboard anti-aircraft weapon.
Launcher types
All spud guns propel projectiles down their barrels using pressurised gas in the same manner as a firearm (although at a much lower pressure). There are four basic ways that spud guns may achieve this:
By the combustion of a gaseous fuel-air mixture; this is generally called a combustion launcher, and its pressure is limited primarily by the energy density of the fuel-air mixture (less than with all safe fuels).
By the release of compressed gas (normally air) through a valve; such a launcher is typically referred to as a pneumatic launcher, and its power is limited primarily by the pressure of the air supply, be that from a compressor, manual pump or bottled gas.
By the explosion of a dry ice bomb placed in the pipe before the projectile, generally referred to as a dry ice bomb cannon, these are limited in power by the materials and size of the dry ice bomb but firing pressures can be around .
By the combustion of a pre-pressurised fuel-air mixture; this is called a hybrid launcher, and yields higher pressures than that of a normal combustion spud gun, limited only by the construction of the launcher (generally a few hundred pounds-force per square inch).
Combustion launchers
Combustion powered spud guns typically have the least complex designs, the four basic elements of which are:
A fuel system
A combustion chamber
An ignition source
A barrel
In order to fire, the operator loads a projectile into the barrel, adds fuel to the combustion chamber (for example aerosols or propane), and triggers the ignition source (often using a piezoelectric barbecue igniter). The fuel then ignites, creating hot expanding gases, and forcing the projectile out of the barrel. Distances vary greatly depending on many factors, including the type of fuel used, the efficiency of the fuel/air ratio, the combustion chamber/barrel ratio, and the flight characteristics of the projectile. Common distances vary from 100 to 200 meters, and there is a reported case of a cannon exceeding 500 meters of range.
Advanced combustion launchers may include metered propane or calcium carbide (acetylene) injection to ensure proper fueling, chamber fans to mix the fuel with the air and accelerate venting of the chamber after firing, multiple spark gaps (spark strips) to decrease combustion time, and high-voltage ignition sources (flyback circuits, stun guns, camera flashes, etc.).
Combustion launchers are usually less powerful than their pneumatic or hybrid counterparts, especially when hairspray / alcohol is used as a propellant. Bottled oxygen can be added to the firing chamber, though this can cause an explosion of the pipe when firing, potentially injuring anyone nearby.
Pneumatic launchers
Pneumatic launchers are considered a little more difficult to build due to the need of a completely airtight construction. These cannons have four basic components:
A filling valve
An air chamber
A pressure release valve
A barrel
In a pneumatic spud gun, air is pumped into the pressure chamber. After the desired chamber pressure is reached, the pressure release valve is opened, allowing the gas to expand down the barrel, propelling the projectile forwards.
The filling valve is usually a commonly available type such as a Schrader or Presta valve but other assemblies to pressurise the cannon such as quick release connections with ball or check valves have been used.
The pressure release valve is often one of a variety of commercially available types such as a plumbing ball valve, an irrigation sprinkler valve or a quick exhaust valve. Experienced builders often make their own valves for this purpose to gain greater flow and faster actuation. The most common custom design used is the piston valve. Multiple valves arranged to be triggered together are occasionally used as an alternative to a single larger valve.
The range of pneumatic cannons is more variable than the range of combustion spud guns due to the increased variation possible in the components. Typical ranges are slightly higher because of the greater power, but the maximum range of some high power pneumatic cannons has been said to be over .
Pneumatic spud guns are generally more powerful than combustion spud guns. A typical combustion gun generates average chamber pressures of about with peaks of around , while the average pneumatic gun can operate at pressures in the vicinity of . In recent times, it has become increasingly common for metal pneumatic launchers to use even higher pressures, sometimes up to or higher.
Dry ice launchers
A dry ice cannon uses the sublimation of solid carbon dioxide to generate the gas pressure to propel a projectile and is a variation of the burst disk cannon.
The oldest examples simply involve dropping pieces of dry ice into a tube closed at one end and sealing the other end by jamming the projectile in. When the pressure of the carbon dioxide from the subliming dry ice builds high enough, the projectile will be blown out of the tube. The pressures of such devices are not very high as it only needs to build enough to overcome the static friction of the projectile jammed in the barrel. Tens of psi is most likely. The range is likely restricted to 100- yards.
A more modern example is the dry ice bomb launcher. A plastic bottle containing water has some dry ice added and is quickly sealed and dropped down a tube closed at one end. A projectile is inserted in after it. The water accelerates the sublimation of the dry ice and the pressure from the carbon dioxide gas produced eventually ruptures the plastic bottle and launches the projectile. The rupturing pressure of a 0.5 L plastic soda bottle is between in the open air but when confined in a pipe, it could be higher.
Due to the operation of a dry ice bomb cannon extra safety issues are present:
The dry ice bomb used for propulsion can achieve bursting pressure in a matter of seconds to hours depending on the quantity of water and dry ice. If too little dry ice, it also may not achieve bursting pressure at all. These timing issues can cause belief that the cannon has failed to fire but attempting to unload the cannon may then provide the extra stress on the bottle needed for it to rupture.
The piping and any reinforcement may be insufficiently strong for the high pressure spike when the dry ice bomb explodes and consequently rupture.
The recoil of such cannons can be very great due to the high pressure combined with the large internal diameter piping needed for the bottles (5–9 cm; 2–3½ in) resulting in them being ill-suited for hand held firing.
Compared to the operation of other spud guns, dry ice bomb cannons are similar in firing principle to a light-gas gun of the pneumatic type; the plastic bottle performing the task of the burst disk albeit in a less controlled manner.
Another means of utilising dry ice in spud guns is to use the sublimation of dry ice to create substantial pressure behind a valve, and placing a barrel on the other side of that valve with a projectile loaded into it. Pressures behind the valve can reach upwards of , and by quickly releasing the valve, the projectile can be launched. Whilst this method is more controllable and in many means safer than utilising a soda bottle as a burst disk (provided pressure rated valves and piping are used), it is limited in that quick release valves, such as ball valves, are generally not bigger in diameter than 1 or 2 inches. Additionally, they cannot be opened as rapidly as a soda bottle will rupture, and consequently there is less immediate airflow. However, this is offset by the fact that such a design can operate at more than double the pressure of a typical dry ice bomb launcher, as soda bottles will rupture at only .
Hybrid launchers
A hybrid launcher consists of seven basic elements:
A fuel system (usually metered propane)
An air filling valve (see pneumatic launchers)
One or more pressure gauges
A high-pressure combustion chamber
A pressure-triggered main valve (burst disk)
A barrel
An ignition source (see combustion launchers)
A hybrid combines principles of combustion and pneumatic spud gun. It uses a pre-pressurised mixture of fuel and air to get more power out of a given chamber volume.
In order to fire, the operator first readies the pressure-triggered valve then injects several times the normal amount of fuel and appropriately more air. When the ignition source is triggered, the pressure from the combustion causes the main valve to open and propels the projectile out of the barrel with the released combustion gases. The hybrid is capable of higher velocities than a combustion or pneumatic spud gun because the pressure generated is higher than that in a combustion gun (for most fuels), and the shock wave moves faster than it can in a pneumatic (for most gases), due to the higher temperature. Projectiles fired by a hybrid have broken the sound barrier.
A hybrid using a fuel and air mix at twice atmospheric pressure is said to be using a 2X mix. Higher mixtures can be used and will produce even higher pressures. The fuel and air need to be measured and matched carefully to ensure reliable operation; hence the use of accurate air pressure gauges and fuel meters.
Vacuum cannons
Vacuum cannons differ from typical pneumatic cannons in that they apply a negative pressure to the front of the projectile in order to "pull" it out of the barrel. They typically fire light projectiles and do not have any practical applications outside of demonstrating air pressure theory.
Primary materials
Plastics
PVC-U (Polyvinyl chloride, unplasticized): Highly popular due to its availability and relatively low cost. PVC pipes are available in a wide variety of sizes and pressure ratings. In industry, however, they are illegal for compressed air applications—if they are damaged under pressure the plastic can fail explosively.
ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene): Another popular plastic piping material, more expensive and less common than PVC but available in the same sizes and pressure ratings. Unlike PVC it is used in compressed air systems as it splits rather than shatters on failure. It also has a greater temperature tolerance (−40 °C to +80 °C, or −40 to 175 °F) compared to 0 °C to +60 °C or 30 to 140 °F for PVC).
Both PVC and ABS piping are also available in forms that are not pressure rated. The use of unrated plastic piping and fittings is a common source of cannon failure and poses a much greater risk to a cannon operator.
Metals
Steel: The very high-pressure rating of steel piping makes it a familiar sight on high-powered hybrid cannons. It is however much more expensive than any other common piping material. The extra weight and joining difficulties are also a consideration.
Copper: As a common plumbing material, copper pipes and associated fittings are readily available. They have higher pressure ratings and flow compared to similar plastic piping. The drawbacks are that copper is heavier, and up to four times the cost of PVC or ABS pipes of similar external diameters.
Aluminium: Aluminium is a lightweight metal with good corrosion resistance. Aluminium pipes are sometimes used as barrels on spud guns on their own and machined aluminium is a popular material for particularly unique designs.
Brass: Often brass fittings are used on spud guns for small parts of the construction like fuel systems, because it is one of the most common materials for small pipe fittings. Occasionally large parts of spud guns are machined entirely out of brass.
Valve types
Manual
Ball Valve: Made out of either plastic or metal, ball valves are considered inferior by many enthusiasts due to their slow opening times. For those on a tight budget or in low-power setups, ball valves are ideal. Some choose to modify their valves by attaching a pneumatic actuator or spring to achieve a faster opening speed.
Blowgun: A blowgun is a small handheld device used to blow away debris from a work area and is designed to be used attached to a compressed air line. It uses a sprung poppet valve operated by a lever to allow air through its body and out through a specially shaped nozzle. In spudgunning, it is used to pilot larger valves—releasing a small volume of air to allow a piston or diaphragm to fly back and release a much larger volume of air into the barrel. It is also used as the primary valve for small cannons that fire airsoft pellets and so do not require high airflow. Blowguns can be modified to increase airflow.
Electric
Sprinkler valve (otherwise known as a solenoid valve): The use of irrigation sprinkler valves as pneumatic valves has become increasingly popular for spudgunning. These valves are intended to be electrically triggered causing a solenoid to depressurise a diaphragm and allow airflow through. It is also possible to remove the solenoid and, instead, to actuate the valve manually with a blowgun to depressurise the diaphragm. Such modifications allow the valve to open as much as 3 to 5 times faster.
Pneumatic
Diaphragm valve: A diaphragm valve is used in pneumatic cannons where the barrel is within the air chamber. It is a disk of flexible material mounted directly behind the barrel that seals it when pressure is increased behind the disk. The design is such that air leaks past the diaphragm from behind it to the chamber around the barrel, sealing the soft rubber against the butt of the barrel. Once the chamber is fully pressurised the compressed air behind the diaphragm is quickly vented, causing the centre of the diaphragm to flex backwards, exposing the butt of the barrel to the compressed air inside the chamber, which rapidly exhausts through the barrel, launching the projectile. Sprinkler valves have also been modified to act in the same manner a diaphragm valve operates; changing the triggering of the valve to a release of air controlled by a blowgun valve, rather than electronically.
Piston valve: The gold standard of pneumatic spudgunning is the piston valve, due to its extremely high rate of flow and opening speed. It works in an almost identical fashion to a diaphragm valve but replaces the flexible diaphragm with a hard rubber-faced piston. The valve opening is generally as wide as or wider than the barrel diameter, so there is very little constriction of airflow. Piston valves also open much faster than either ball or solenoid valves. However, construction of this type of valve is inherently complex, and some choose to order pre-built valves through the internet.
Quick Exhaust Valve (QEV): a commercial piston or diaphragm valve in a metal body intended for the quick venting of pneumatic cylinders. In spudgunning they are ideal barrel sealing valves with faster opening times than custom piston valves and high flow rates. They can be commonly found in sizes from ⅛ inch to 1½ inches (3–40 mm) and sometimes even larger models. It provides an easy option for inexperienced spud-gun builders but the cost is usually greater than for any other valve type.
The Quick Dump Valve is a recent addition to the choices of valves for spudding. A QDV is a spool valve that is balanced under pressure with one end of the spool oriented toward the barrel. The spool is manually unbalanced allowing pressure between the end of the spool and the projectile in the barrel. The air pressure then forces the spool back and the projectile forward. Since the valve is triggered with no pilot pressure, the valve snaps open with no pilot pressure to hinder it. Currently it is not commercially for sale and must be hand built by the hobbyist like most piston valves.
Burst Disk Valve: Used in a few pneumatics but primarily in hybrid cannons, burst valves are considered the ideal pressure release mechanism as they allow an unobstructed flow of high pressure air. Burst disks have no moving parts, making them very reliable. They are very appealing for hybrid cannons because they can withstand the low pressure gas mix in the chamber before ignition, yet fail as planned upon successful ignition. The high pressure combustion gases are released into the barrel at a rate which generates greater velocities than a mechanical valve could allow. Pneumatic cannon burst discs work similarly. The disc and projectile are loaded, and the chamber is pressurised until the disc ruptures. Unfortunately, this usually does not give the operators much in the way of control over timing, although a puncturing mechanism can be used. Burst disks are of no specific material and may consist of plastic or thin sheet metal or foil.
Alternate designs have also been used which use a sharp projectile to puncture the burst disk, like a mortar or using a manual puncturing device to trigger failure of the disk. These allow total control over burst disk cannons without the need for hybrid technology and materials as simple as plastic tape can be used for the disk.
Burst disk cannons have also been made which are fired electrically, using a nichrome wire to trigger failure by heating.
Connections
Welding, soldering and gluing
Solvent welding: used for similar plastic connections using solvent fittings, the solvent temporarily dissolves the polymer chains of the plastic and the parts to be joined are brought together. On rehardening, the polymer chains from each part are entangled and so form a solid weld.
Metal welding: used to form strong joints between similar metals by melting the points of connection together. It is an uncommon process in spudgun construction due to the equipment necessary to make the welds.
Soldering: commonly used in the construction of copper pipe based spudguns, a solder with a lower melting point than the copper is melted and drawn into the gaps between pipe and fitting with capillary action, holding to pipe and fitting with a wetting action before hardening.
Gluing: the use of epoxy resin in small designs is common for the making of custom parts but it is rare to see glues used for structural connections. Epoxy resin is mostly used in applications where normal fittings would limit the possibilities.
Duct tape: sometimes used in simple cannons, it is unsuitable for sealing any significant pneumatic pressure and if used on a combustion cannon the heat produced can soften the adhesive and melt the tape, greatly weakening any seal or joint it creates.
Mechanical joints
Compression Fittings: primarily seen on copper pipe spudguns, the compression fitting squeezes a metal ring against the pipe between a nut and the fitting body to form the connection. Easier than solder fittings and requiring only a spanner they are much more expensive and are of greater weight.
Threaded Fittings: commonly available in BSP or NPT (not interchangeable) they generally require a fitting attached to a pipe by other means to allow screwing into another threaded fitting. The exception to this is steel pipe, the ends of which can have the appropriate thread cut into them.
Flange joints: on large steel spudguns, pipe and fittings are sometimes bolted together by means of flanges with a gasket sandwiched between them to provide an airtight joint.
Cam Locks: on spudguns with interchangeable barrels a cam lock is sometimes used to connect barrels to the cannon as it provides a quick and simple solution to switching barrels. Two levers either side of the socket side of the fitting rotate internal cams to lock in or release the plug side of the fitting to which a barrel is attached.
The sound barrier
It is rare for a spud gun to be powerful enough to break the sound barrier, although there are some cases of this happening using specialized designs. The spud guns used are typically hybrids; but some pneumatic cannons have achieved the feat, either by using a special low-density gas, such as helium, or high pressures combined with a fast valve. There is also one reported case of a combustion design achieving super-sonic velocities.
The difficulty in breaking the barrier arises from the speed of the particles within the gas. The projectile cannot travel faster than the gas particles, which are limited to travel at the speed of sound. The problem is solved by increasing the speed of the particles, either by:
Using lighter molecules, as occurs when helium is used in a pneumatic.
Heating the gases to far higher temperatures, and thus giving them more energy. This allows hybrids and combustions to achieve supersonic velocities.
Using steel and much higher pressures of or more, but achieving these pressures is difficult. CO2 gas, although it can reach these pressures, is not suitable due to its high density.
Supersonic velocities may theoretically be attained by pneumatics with a sufficiently large "dead space" between the main valve and projectile. The incoming air can raise the pressure rapidly in this dead space, creating high temperatures sometimes sufficient to achieve supersonic velocities. This particular effect has not yet been successfully used, but has been discussed, as both adiabatic and shock heating are documented phenomena in gases.
The highest projectile speed recorded from a spud gun is (approximately 2.7 times the speed of sound) with a 20 mm plastic slug from a hybrid using a pre-ignition mixture of air and propane.
Supersonic velocities have been obtained using the related vacuum bazooka with a de Laval nozzle. This also relies on significantly lowering the density of the gas.
Practical uses
Although spudguns are created and used for the purpose of recreation there are other devices which work on identical principles in many other fields with more serious uses.
Entertainment
Promotional sports cannons: Portable pneumatic cannons which run on bottled CO2 are common at large sports games in the U.S. where they are used to project items such as T-shirts or wrapped food into the audience. Such cannons can be dangerous: the Phillie Phanatic injured a fan with a hot dog cannon in June 2018. Such "air cannons", as they are often called, tend to be made of higher-quality materials than an average pneumatic spudgun, but they use the same methods of operation.
Special effects cannons: In film and theatre productions, pneumatic cannons (such as an air mortar) are often used as a pyrotechnic-free method of material projection. These can vary from simple ball valve, manually operated models to electronically triggered designs operated from a remote control panel depending on the exact requirements.
Industry
Hail cannons: these are very large devices which consist of a combustion chamber and a large funnel shape mounted on top of it. A gas mix is ignited in the combustion chamber and the funnel directs the blast wave upwards. They are intended to protect crops from hail damage by disrupting hail formation with the shock waves. There has however been no scientific proof of their effectiveness.
Air cannons: This can mean:
A pneumatic spudgun
Air cannon (mechanics), a compressed air device for creating high pressure shock waves under water
Bird scarers: these devices are essentially automatic combustion cannons. They require bottled propane gas and a lead-acid battery. At intervals they ignite a propane/air mix to produce a loud explosion (up to 150 decibels close to the device) to scare birds from crop fields or near airport runways.
Chicken cannons: Many aircraft parts must be able to survive the impact of a bird in flight, known as a birdstrike. Pneumatic guns are used to project a bird, typically a dead chicken, into a product designed to imitate a birdstrike. Aircraft canopies, engines, and critical flight control surfaces will normally undergo this type of stress testing to determine whether they are strong enough to withstand a birdstrike in flight.
Shock tubes: used to test hypersonic and supersonic combustion ramjets.
Pneumatic line throwers for launching lines for rescue missions or between ships for replenishment at sea as well as a number of other applications.
Military
Combustion light-gas guns are weaponised combustion cannons which burn a low-molecular-weight gas such as hydrogen to provide a higher specific impulse than relatively high-molecular-weight conventional solid propellants.
Safety
Spud guns by nature are hazardous and can present safety issues if poorly constructed or used.
Users should follow the same rules as if handling a conventional firearm (see gun safety), but given the frequently improvised materials and construction used in spudguns, it is particularly important for the user to use basic ear and eye protection when operating a spudgun.
Legal issues
In some jurisdictions spud guns are outlawed or have restrictions on their use and may require licenses and certification of the gun.
In popular culture
In the "Workaholics" episode "To Friend a Predator", a Potato Gun is used in an attempt to stop the protagonist, but instead hits Blake in the back.
In The Trailer Park Boys, Julian, Ricky, Bubbles, Corey and Trevor use spud guns to investigate the enormous damage to their crops of cannabis. This was because real guns would attract too much attention.
In the film Tremors 3: Back to Perfection, Jack Sawyer suggested to Burt Gummer that they build a potato gun to fight the Ass-Blasters. Using parts from a junkyard, they formed a variant of a potato gun that shot makeshift flaming arrows that were deadly to the Ass Blasters and killed two.
In an episode of Nickelodeon's Drake & Josh, Drake buys a potato gun, accidentally hitting Josh, making him drop the weights he was lifting, causing him to break his foot.
Dwight Schrute on the U.S. version of The Office has mentioned owning a spud gun in more than one episode.
In 14th episode of Season 4 of Prison Break, a combustion potato gun is used by Michael Scofield to launch 40 mm smoke grenades.
The Simpsons character Maude Flanders was killed by air-cannon launched T-shirts in the eleventh season episode, "Alone Again, Natura-Diddily".
In Duct Tape Forever (the movie based on The Red Green Show) Edgar K. B. Montrose says to sell them as toys to the kids to raise money.
In the movie Aliens in the Attic the kids build a spud gun that they use to fight aliens invading Earth.
A MythBusters episode tested a potato cannon held together by duct tape compared to one held together using PVC bonding agent. Another episode, testing MacGyver myths, supplied Adam and Jamie with the materials to build a potato cannon as part of a challenge to "MacGyver" up a way to signal a rescue helicopter; however, they used the piping and other supplies present to build a large kite instead.
In the TV series House, M.D. episode "The Dig", House is attending a spud gun show with Thirteen, where he uses the spud gun to threaten a teenage competitor who taunts House.
A spud gun was one of the many different weapons used in Bully, a game made by Rockstar Games. There were two types. One can be carried around the map, but could only fire eight potatoes before having to get more ammunition. The other one was a mounted gun that the Nerds used at the observatory during a story mission facing a second boss.
In Iron Man 3, Tony meets a boy named Harley, who owns a potato gun which he uses to threaten Tony. At the end of the movie, as thanks for his help, Tony builds Harley a newer and better potato gun.
The game Scrap Mechanic has 4 variants of spud guns: a single shot spud gun, a double barrel spud shot gun which fires French fries, a 'spudling' gun which is a triple barrel Gatling gun, and a mountable spud gun which can be mounted on your creations
See also
Airgun
FN 303
Paintball gun
Plastic pressure pipe systems
Pneumatic gun
Pumpkin chucking
Vacuum bazooka
References
External links
How Pneumatic Potato Cannons Work —Audio slideshow from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Spud gun building instructions — Spud Gun plans, animations, construction how-to's
Air guns
Pneumatic weapons |
44500614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collet%20%28Belize%20House%20constituency%29 | Collet (Belize House constituency) | Collet is an electoral constituency in the Belize District represented in the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of Belize since 2003 by Patrick Faber of the United Democratic Party.
Profile
The Collet constituency was created for the 1961 general election as part of a major nationwide redistricting. The constituency is based in areas of Belize City west of the city center, bordered by the Lake Independence, Port Loyola, Pickstock, Albert, Mesopotamia and Queen's Square constituencies.
Although less competitive in recent years, Collet has historically been the scene of several very close elections. Between 1965 and 1993 the winner was decided with less than one percent of the vote on four occasions.
Area Representatives
Elections
References
Political divisions in Belize
Collet (Belize House constituency)
British Honduras Legislative Assembly constituencies established in 1961
1961 establishments in British Honduras |
17336034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Island%20Light | Dutch Island Light | Dutch Island Light is a historic lighthouse on Dutch Island off Jamestown, Rhode Island.
In 1825 the federal government acquired at the southern end of the island, and on January 1, 1827, Dutch Island Light was established to mark the west passage of Narragansett Bay and to aid vessels entering Dutch Island Harbor. The first tower was built of stones found on the island. The government constructed a new brick tower in 1857 with a fog bell added in 1878.
Additional history
Dutch Island is located in the West Passage of Narragansett Bay between Jamestown and Saunderstown, Rhode Island. Originally it was called "Quetenis" by the Narragansett people, who sold it to the Dutch West India Company about 1636. The Dutch from New Amsterdam (later New York) used the island as a safe place to trade their goods to the Narragansett for meat, fish and furs. Later the English settlers of Rhode Island used the island to graze sheep.
For many years it was fortified to protect the West Passage from sea invasion. It is not known whether this included the Revolutionary War era when the Conanicut Battery was activated further south on the western shore of Conanicut (Jamestown) Island. Dutch Island was later heavily fortified with massive concrete gun emplacements. These were started with large granite store structures near the southern end of the island during the Civil War. In the late 19th century there was a battery of Rodman guns (25-ton cannon which used a 50-pound charge of black powder to fire a 300-pound cannonball as far as ) on the point at the southern end of the island.
In the late 1890s the Army established Fort Greble on Dutch Island. Fort Greble was an Endicott-era coastal fortification which featured long-range rifled artillery pieces and could house as many as 495 officers and men. Fort Greble was an active post until 1924 and was used for National Guard training up to World War II.
In 1825, the U.S. government bought on the southern tip of the island with the purpose of establishing a "light station". The first tower was built in 1826 using native stone from the island. It was tall. One of the first keepers was Robert Dennis, whose father had fought in the Revolution and who was also present at the Boston Tea Party. Dennis was 78 years old when he became keeper and apparently remained keeper until he was well into his nineties. His son, Robert, took his position when his father died.
According to Jeremy D'Entremont, a member of the American Lighthouse Foundation and the first Board of Directors of the Dutch Island Lighthouse Society, the lighthouse and keeper's house were described in the mid-19th century as "the worst construction of any in the state", and the lantern was described as "wretched".
In 1857, the old tower and the Keeper's House were demolished and replaced by the present brick tower and a four-room Keeper's House. The basic structure of this tower was described in 2007 as still being "very sound". The cost of these two structures in the 1850s was $4,000, and included a "fourth-order" Fresnel lens and a fixed white light. In 1878, a fog bell was installed on the west side of the tower to be activated by a clockwork mechanism.
In 1924, a flashing red kerosene light was installed, the lens for which was rotated by "…a very big weight on pulleys", recalls a local resident.
Keepers:
William Dennis (1827–1843)
Robert H. Weeden (1843–1844)
William P. Babcock (1844–1846)
Robert Dennis (1846–1853)
Benjamin Congdon (1853–1859)
M. M. Trundy (1859–1865)
Lewis T. King (Nov. 24, 1885 to Sept. 20, 1901)
John Paul was one of the last keepers (1929–1931), and his son Louis remembered that this father kept a vegetable garden and a flock of ducks. He said that the fishing off the rocks was "excellent" and that his father would catch "…a bushel of blackfish before breakfast." He would buy a whole side of beef in Jamestown or Saunderstown, salt it thoroughly and keep it for prolonged use.
In 1947, the light was automated and lit by electricity, as a flashing red beacon. The military left the island, and in 1950 the Keeper's House was demolished because of vandalism and because toadstools and moss were growing in the house.
In 1972, the Coast Guard proposed discontinuing the light altogether. This was followed by at least 40-50 letters of protest written to the Rhode Island Department of Natural Resources and to the Coast Guard. As a result, the Coast Guard not only retained the light but even increased its intensity. Extensive vandalism, however, continued and again the proposition to discontinue the light was made in 1977. This time it was discontinued and was replaced by a flashing red buoy off the tip of the island in 1979.
Dutch Island Lighthouse Society is formed
The Dutch Island Lighthouse Society was born in 2000 as a Chapter of the American Lighthouse Foundation and with the objective of restoring the lighthouse and hopefully a functioning light.
In May 2000, the lighthouse was visited by Dave Lombardi, Keith Fornal, Jeremy D'Entremont and Chris Powell of the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (which had jurisdiction over the island). In June 2000, Ginger Hesse and Roberta Randall of the Rhode Island State Historic Preservation Office also visited the lighthouse. The building, though needing extensive repairs, was found to be basically very sound, and they named it an Historic Building.
In the summer of 2001, DILS filed an application for funds for restoration and reactivation with an estimated cost of $120,000, and the application was "accepted". It took another 7 years to complete all the many details of design, planning, restoration and activation along with endless encounters with "red tape". Meanwhile, a set of by-laws was approved which established a board of directors.
In January 2004, DILS was accepted as a non-profit organization in the state of Rhode Island. The DILS treasurer, Betty Aschman, reported that there was $16,000 from "big donors" including the Kimball Foundation, BankNewport's Community Fund, and several family foundations. There were 188 "small" donors, and on May 21, 2004, Al Potter reported that the Society had an easement agreement with the state and the necessary insurance and project agreement. On July 1, 2004, the visitors to the island included key people from the Rhode Island Department of Transportation and Keith Lescarbeau, who was the president and owner of the Abcore Restoration Company that was already at work on Plum Beach Light.
By the spring of 2005, DILS negotiated a long-term lease from the DEM, which was in charge of the island for the state, including the lighthouse. In July of that year, engineering firm Vanasse Hangen and Brustlin (VHB) visited the lighthouse with Bill DeSantis of RIDOT, architect Richard Ventrone, Jr., and planner Arnold Robinson of the Newport Collaborative Architects. (Campbell Construction Co. had already had a site visit). Their charge was to come up with drawings and specifications that would get the job done and relight the light, and if possible, to stay within the $120,000 grant from RIDOT.
The details of their specifications had to be cleared by the DILS Building Committee, RIDOT, the town of Jamestown, the US Coast Guard and RIDEM (Parks Department) before the Society could advertise for bids. After a short time, RIDOT gave DILS permission to advertise for bids; the Building Committee reviewed the four bids. The winning bidder was Abcore Restoration of Narragansett, which had a very good reputation and had recently completed the restoration of the Plum Beach Lighthouse, also in Narragansett Bay. Keith Lescarbeau, the president and owner of Abcore, was also well known and admired in the area. The Building Committee's choice of Abcore was approved by the Board of Directors, and on July 3, 2007, Craig Amerigian agreed to serve as the DILS Project Manager and Owner Representative.
Abcore started July 25. They made a temporary landing area on the rock near the lighthouse of about 20 tires tied together and built a plywood walkway from this landing area to the lighthouse. They had a small launch with a hoist which transported all the scaffolding, ladders and supplies to the island from Jamestown. It was heartening to see the scaffolding in place and to watch the exterior gradually change from mottled brown to gleaming white with the final parging.
Another detail in the rebuilding was the fabrication and testing of a solar-powered workable light, as well as chipping away all loose material on the exterior of the tower, repairing with tuck pointing, coating with a parging (tested in Newport for appropriate whiteness) and then coating with an antifungal material. The roof had to be replaced. The glass in the tower had to be replaced with double glazing. The brass window frames needed repair and replacement, and much of the walkway also needed repair and replacement. Considerable work had to be done to the inside staircase, wooden window boards were replaced with metal ones, and the door was replaced.
The separate small "oil house" was cleaned out and fitted with a new roof and door, and the exterior was refinished.
The grant from RIDOT specifically stated that the grant money could not be used for maintenance, nor would RIDOT or the Enhancement Program pay for maintenance. The final field report was received from the Newport Collaborative Architects on November 20, 2007.
On November 17, 2007, many gathered at vantage points to see the great occasion. At the appointed time (7:00 p.m.) the "count-down" was started, the cannon fired, and founding member Shirley Sheldon pushed the button, and for the first time in 28 years Dutch Island had a flashing red light and a gleaming white lighthouse.
Gallery
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
Notes
References
Dutch Island Lighthouse History (Dutch Island Lighthouse Society, P.O. Box 435, Saunderstown, RI 02874)
Lighthouse Details
Frederic Denlson, Narragansett Sea and Shore, (J.A. & R.A. Reid, Providence, RI., 1879)
George L. Seavey, Rhode Island's Coastal Natural Areas.
Lighthouses completed in 1857
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Lighthouses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Jamestown, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
1857 establishments in Rhode Island |
6904083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Martinique | Culture of Martinique | As an overseas départment of France, Martinique's culture is French and Caribbean. Its former capital, Saint-Pierre (destroyed by a volcanic eruption), was often referred to as the Paris of the Lesser Antilles. Following French custom, many businesses close at midday, then reopen later in the afternoon. The official language is French, although many Martinicans speak a Creole patois. Based in French, Martinique's Creole also incorporates elements of English, Spanish, Portuguese, and African languages. Originally passed down through oral storytelling traditions, it continues to be used more often in speech than in writing.
Most of Martinique's population is descended from African slaves brought to work on sugar plantations during the colonial era, white slave owners or from Carib or Kalinago people. Today, the island enjoys a higher standard of living than most other Caribbean countries. The finest French products are easily available, from Chanel fashions to Limoges porcelain. Among young people, studying in France is common. For the French, Martinique has been a vacation hotspot for many years, attracting both the upper class and more budget-conscious travelers.
Music
Music contributes a great deal to Martinique's culture. The most popular style is zouk, which originated in Martinique and Guadeloupe by combining elements of a number of musical styles from the Caribbean and United States. Its biggest influence was biguine, which was popular dance orchestra music from the 1930s to 1950s. Zouk today has evolved from big band ensembles to smaller, electronically peppered bands. Musicians use synthesizers, DIGITAL samplers, and drum machines, which they program to sound like native percussion instruments.
Another favorite musical genre, bèlè is an early form of biguine which incorporates group dance and song accompanied by drumming, often led in a call and response style. For most of the year, local music dominates. But during Carnival, other music like calypso and soca can be heard as well.
Festivals
Martinique's version of Carnival, is a four-day event beginning just before Lent and ending on its first day, with the burning of Vaval, a papier-mâché figure symbolizing Carnival. Businesses close during Carnival.
Like other Caribbean Carnivals, Martinique's is a high-energy event with parades, singing, drums, and other festivities. People dress up in costumes, with devils and she-devils being especially popular. During Carnival in Martinique, many men parade in drag queen costume, sometimes with very elaborate and provocative outfits, with no obvious hint at alternative sexuality. It must be mentioned that traditionally, some women dressed as men for burlesque weddings on Monday. The high presence of men in drag is a reference to the central role of women in Martinique's society and family structure.
Towns throughout Martinique elect their own Carnival Queen, Mini-Queen, and Queen Mother.
Halfway through Lent, Martinicans take a break from abstinence with the one-day holiday Micarême. The one-day mini-Carnival features dances, parties, and similar activities. Afterward, people return to their repentance until Easter begins.
Just as in France, every year on November 21, Martinique celebrates the release of the year's Beaujolais nouveau. In odd-numbered years in early December, the island hosts its prestigious Jazz à la Martinique. Both top local talent and internationally known musicians like Branford Marsalis perform at this jazz festival. Jazz Festivals all over the Caribbean are very enjoyable.
Cuisine
As one would expect, French and Creole cuisine dominate Martinique's culinary landscape. The two styles also combine by using French techniques with local produce, such as breadfruit, cassava, and christophine (chayote). Creole dishes rely heavily on seafood, including curries and fritters. An exception is Boudin, a Creole type of blood sausage. A dash of Chien sauce (made from onions, shallots, peppers, oil, and vinegar) adds a spicy touch to meals. The favored island drink, 'Ti punch,' is a mixture of five parts of white rum to one part sugarcane syrup. Crêperies, brasseries, and restaurants featuring cuisine from various French regions can be found all over Martinique.
History of French Antilles culture
Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint-Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations.
After six months on Martinique, d'Esnambuc returned to St. Christopher, where he soon died prematurely in 1636, leaving the company and Martinique in the hands of his nephew, Du Parquet. His nephew, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, inherited d'Esnambuc's authority over the French settlements in the Caribbean. In 1637, his nephew, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, became governor of the island. He remained in Martinique and did not concern himself with the other islands.
The French permanently settled on Martinique and Guadeloupe after being driven off Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint-Christophe in French) by the British. Fort Royal (Fort-de-France) on Martinique was a major port for French battle ships in the region from which the French were able to explore the region. In 1638, Jacques Dyel du Parquet (1606-1658), nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and first governor of Martinique, decided to have Fort Saint Louis built to protect the city against enemy attacks. From Fort Royal, Martinique, Du Parquet proceeded south in search for new territories and established the first settlement in Saint Lucia in 1643, and headed an expedition which established a French settlement in Grenada in 1649. Despite the long history of British rule, Grenada's French heritage is still evidenced by the number of French loanwords in Grenadian Creole, French-style buildings, cuisine and places name (For ex. Petit Martinique, Martinique Channel, etc.)
In 1642 the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique company received a twenty-year extension of its charter. The King would name the Governor General of the company, and the company the Governors of the various islands. However, by the late 1640s, in France Mazarin had little interest in colonial affairs and the company languished. In 1651 it dissolved itself, selling its exploitation rights to various parties. The du Paquet family bought Martinique, Grenada, and Saint Lucia for 60,000 livres. The sieur d'Houël bought Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante, La Desirade and the Saintes. The Knights of Malta bought Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin, which were made dependencies of Guadeloupe. In 1665, the Knights sold the islands they had acquired to the newly formed (1664) Compagnie des Indes occidentales.
Dominica is a former French and British colony in the Eastern Caribbean, located about halfway between the French islands of Guadeloupe (to the north) and Martinique (to the south). Christopher Columbus named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it, a Sunday (domingo in Latin), 3 November 1493. In the hundred years after Columbus's landing, Dominica remained isolated. At the time it was inhabited by the Island Caribs, or Kalinago people, and over time more settled there after being driven from surrounding islands, as European powers entered the region. In 1690, French woodcutters from Martinique and Guadeloupe begin to set up timber camps to supply the French islands with wood and gradually become permanent settlers. France had a colony for several years, they imported slaves from West Africa, Martinique and Guadeloupe to work on its plantations. In this period, the Antillean Creole language developed. France formally ceded possession of Dominica to Great Britain in 1763. Great Britain established a small colony on the island in 1805. As a result, Dominica speak English as an official language while Antillean creole is spoken as a secondary language and is well maintained due to its location between the French-speaking departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
In Trinidad, the Spanish who were in possession of the island, contributed little towards advancements, with El Dorado the focus, Trinidad was perfect due to its geographical location. Because Trinidad was considered underpopulated, Roume de St. Laurent, a Frenchman living in Grenada, was able to obtain a Cédula de Población from the Spanish king Charles III on 4 November 1783. Following the cedula of population French planters with their slaves, free coloreds and mulattos from the French Antilles of Martinique, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica migrated to the Trinidad. They too added to the ancestry of Trinidadians, creating the creole identity; Spanish, French, and Patois were the languages spoken. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants in accordance to the terms set out in the Cedula. These new immigrants establishing local communities of Blanchisseuse, Champs Fleurs, Paramin, Cascade, Carenage and Laventille. Trinidad's population jumped to over 15,000 by the end of 1789, from just under 1,400 in 1777. In 1797, Trinidad became a British crown colony, with a French-speaking population. This exodus was encouraged due to the French Revolution.
Carnival had arrived with the French, indentured laborers and the slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called canboulay (from the French cannes brulées, meaning burnt cane) - the precursor for Trinidad's carnival and has played an important role in the development of Trinidad's culture. During the carnival season, the slaves performed songs in tents called Kaiso - later Calypso tents. Many early kaiso or calypso were performed in the French creole language and led by a griot or chantwell. As Trinidad became a British colony, the chantwell became known as the calypsonian. The British government tried to ban the celebration of carnival due to its aggressive overtone; this led to canboulay Riots between the Afro-creoles and the police, which banned the use of Stick fighting and African percussion music in 1881. They were replaced by bamboo "Bamboo-Tamboo" sticks beaten together, which were themselves banned in turn. In 1937 they reappeared, transformed as an orchestra of frying pans, dustbin lids and oil drums. These steelpans or pans are now a major part of the Trinidadian music scene.
Calypso's early rise was closely connected with the adoption of Carnival by Trinidadian slaves, including canboulay drumming and the music masquerade processions. The French brought Carnival to Trinidad, and calypso competitions at Carnival grew in popularity, especially after the abolition of slavery in 1834. From Trinidad, the carnival, calypso and steel pan spread to the entire English speaking Caribbean islands. Calypso in the Caribbean includes a range of genres, including: the Benna genre of Antiguan and Barbudan music; Mento, a style of Jamaican folk music that greatly influenced ska and reggae; Ska, the precursor to rocksteady and reggae; Spouge, a style of Barbadian popular music.
In Dominica, the chanté mas and lapo kabwit tradition started to become dominated by imported calypso and steel pan music in the early 1960s. After a fire in 1963, the traditional carnival was banned, though calypso and steelpan continued to grow in popularity. Calypso appealed to Carnival-partygoers because the lyrical focus on local news and gossip was similar to that of chanté mas, despite a rhythmic pattern and instrumentation which contrast sharply with traditional Dominican "Mas Domnik" music. Many of the traditional chanté mas (masquerade song) were performed to the calypso beat and later the new reggae beat coming out of Jamaica.
Calypsonians and Calypso Monarch competitions emerged and became extremely popular. Steelbands emerged all around Dominica and the rest of the Caribbean islands. Calypso music has been popular in Dominica since the 1950s; the first Calypso King was crowned in 1959. Bands such as Swinging Stars, The Gaylords, De Boys an Dem, Los Caballeros and Swinging Busters surfaced and began to cut records. The emergence of radio, first WIDBS and later Radio Dominica helped to spread the music.
In the 1960s, a number of Haitian musicians to the French Antilles (Guadeloupe and Martinique) brought with them the kadans (another word named for the genre "compas"), a sophisticated form of music that quickly swept the island and helped unite all the former French colonies of the Caribbean by combining their cultural influences. Webert Sicot, the originator of cadence recorded three LPs albums with French Antilles producers: two with "Celini disques" in Guadeloupe and one with "Balthazar" in Martinique. Haitian compas or cadence bands were asked to integrate Antillean musicians. Consequently, the leading "Les Guais troubadours", with influential singer "Louis Lahens" along other bands, played a very important role in the schooling of Antilleans to the méringue compas or kadans music style. Almost all existing Haitian compas bands have toured these Islands that have since adopted the music and the dance of the meringue. These were followed by French Antillean mini-jazz artists like Les Gentlemen, Les Leopards, and Les Vikings de Guadeloupe.
In 1969, Gordon Henderson of Dominica decided that the French Overseas Department of Guadeloupe had everything he needed to begin a career in Creole music. From there, lead singer Gordon Henderson went on to found a kadans fusion band, the Vikings of Guadeloupe – of which Kassav' co-founder Pierre-Eduard Decimus was a member. At some point he felt that he should start his own group and asked a former school friend Fitzroy Williams to recruit a few Dominicans to complete those he had already selected. The group was named Exile One. The band added various Caribbean styles to their musical identity such as reggae, calypso and mostly cadence or compas as the band moved to Guadeloupe. In 1973, Exile One (based on the island of Guadeloupe) initiated a fusion of cadence and calypso "Cadence-lypso" that would later influence the creation of soca music. The Trinidadian Calypso and Haitian kadans or méringue were the two dominants music styles of Dominica so Exile One, that featured calypso, reggae and mostly kadans or compas, called its music Cadence-lypso however, most of the band's repertoire was kadans.
Later in 1975, Lord Shorty of Trinidad visited his good friend Maestro in Dominica where he stayed (at Maestro's house) for a month while they visited and worked with local kadans artists. You had Maestro experimenting with calypso and cadence ("cadence-lypso"). A year later Maestro died in an accident in Dominica and his loss was palpably felt by Shorty, who penned "Higher World" as a tribute. In Dominica, Shorty had attended an Exile One performance of cadence-lypso, and collaborated with Dominica's 1969 Calypso King, Lord Tokyo and two calypso lyricists, Chris Seraphine and Pat Aaron in the early 1970s, who wrote him some kwéyòl lyrics. Soon after Shorty released a song, "Ou Petit", with words like "Ou dee moin ou petit Shorty" (meaning "you told me you are small Shorty"), a combination of calypso, cadence and kwéyòl. Soca's development includes its fusion of calypso, cadence, and Indian musical instruments—particularly the dholak, tabla and dhantal—as demonstrated in Shorty's classic compositions "Ïndrani" and "Shanti Om".
Due to the popularity of Exile One, There was a virtual explosion of kadans bands from Dominica - Grammacks, Liquid Ice, Midnight Groovers, Black Affairs, Black Machine, Mantra, Belles Combo, Milestone, Wafrikai, Black roots, Black Blood, Naked Feet and Mammouth among others. Leading vocalists of the period include Gordon Henderson, Jeff Joseph, Marcel "Chubby" Marc, Anthony Gussie, Mike Moreau, Tony Valmond, Linford John, Bill Thomas, SinkyRabess and Janet Azouz among others. Dominican kadans bands became popular in Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti and other islands in the Caribbean and Africa.
The full-horn section kadans band Exile One led by Gordon Henderson was the first to introduce the newly arrived synthesizers to their music that other young cadence or méringue bands from Haiti (mini-jazz) and the French Antilles emulated in the 1970s. Gordon Henderson's Exile One turned the mini-jazz combos into guitar-dominated big bands with a full-horn section and the newly arrived synthesizers, paving the way for the success of large groups like Grammacks, Experience 7, among others. Drawing on these influences, the supergroup Kassav' invented zouk and popularized it in the 1980s.
Kassav' was formed in 1979 by Pierre-Edouard Décimus and Paris studio musician Jacob F. Desvarieux. Together and under the influence of well-known Dominican and Guadeloupean kadans-lypso or compas bands like Experience 7, Grammacks, Exile One and Les Aiglons they decided to make Guadeloupean carnival music recording it in a more fully orchestrated yet modern and polished style. Kassav' created its own style "zouk" by introducing an eleven-piece gwo ka unit and two lead singers, tambour bélé, ti bwa, biguine, cadence-lypso: calypso and mostly Cadence rampa or compas with full use of the MIDI technology. Kassav was the first band in the Caribbean to apply the MIDI technology to their music. In the 1980s they took Caribbean music to another level by recording in the new digital format. The style lost ground in the late 1980s due to the strong presence of cadence or compas, the main music of the French Antilles.
A special style within the zouk is "zouk love", characterized by a slow, soft and sexual rhythm. The inspiration for the zouk love style of rhythmic music comes from the Haitian compas, as well as music called cadence-lypso - Dominica cadence as popularized by Grammacks and Exile One. The lyrics of the songs often speak of love and sentimental problems.
The music kizomba from Angola and cola-zouk or cabo love from Cape Verde are derivatives of this French Antillean compas music style, which sounds basically the same, although there are notable differences once you become more familiar with these genres. A main exponent of this subgenre is Ophelia Marie of Dominica. Other Zouk Love artists come from the French West Indies, the Netherlands, and Africa.
In Brazil, the zouk rhythm is used to dance the Brazilian Lambada. Since adding many new steps and changing the characteristics from Lambada, a new name was given to this dance "Zouk-lambada", with was originally 'zouk Love', later just called 'zouk'. Today, the Brazilian Zouk has changed and thus, the name 'Traditional Zouk' has been given to the dance that was first taught by Adilio and Renata in the beginning of the 90's, which is now didactically used all over the world.
In the late 80's, the WCK or Windward Caribbean Kulture, was formed by a group of highly creative young Dominican musicians. The band heralded in a new and much needed resurgence of live music and created a new wave in Dominicas musical evolution. They began experimenting with a fusion of cadence-lypso, the native lapo kabwit drum rhythms and elements of the music of jing ping bands. This group came together to fill a void left by several of Dominica's most internationally recognized bands such as Exile One and Grammacks. While the Cadence-Lypso sound is based on the creative use of acoustic drums, an aggressive up-tempo guitar beat and strong social commentary in the native Creole language, the new sound created by WCK, focused more on the use of technology with a strong emphasis on keyboard rhythmic patterns.
The band played a blend of the local Cadence-lypso and traditional Jing ping, chanté mas and lapo kabwit rhythms, which would later be labelled "bouyon", a genre which they are credited with creating. Dominican-born Derick "Rah" Peters is considered to be one of the most influential figure in the development of the bouyon genre. Bouyon as popularized largely by the WCK band blends in jing ping, cadence-lypso, and traditional dances namely bèlè, quadrille, chanté mas and lapo kabwit, mazurka, zouk and other styles of caribbean music. From a language perspective, Bouyon draws on English and Kwéyòl.
Bouyon music is popular across the Caribbean, and is known as "bouyon gwada" or jump up music in Guadeloupe and Martinique. A popular offshoot within the bouyon gwada is called "bouyon hardcore", a style characterized by its lewd and violent lyrics. This musical style is characterized by texts "slackness" sexually explicit. It is a form of radicalized bouyon of Dominica. Some call it bouyon gwada (Guadeloupe bouyon) to mark its difference and its themes are often the same.
See also
Paul Gauguin Interpretation Centre
Further reading
Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music From Rumba to Reggae, by Peter Manuel. Temple University Press, 1995.
Fodor's Caribbean 2004. Fodor's Travel Publications, 2004. |
17336037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion%20Rules%20Licence | Dominion Rules Licence | The Dominion Rules Licence (or DRL) is the open gaming licence under which the Dominion Rules role-playing game system is distributed. It is notable for being one of the earliest examples of an open gaming licence, predating the better known Open Game License.
Legal provisions
The main rights granted by the DRL are (1) the right to distribute Dominion Rules, (2) the right to modify Dominion Rules, (3) the rights to create and distribute "Larger Works" and "Compatible Works".
The main right licensees grant under the DRL is the right of others to copy, modify and distribute any modifications to Dominion Rules a licensee makes.
These provisions resemble those found in many open-source licences.
Versions
Version 1.1 of the DRL is the most prominent previous version. It was under this version of the DRL that Dominion Rules 2.0 was released in 2002.
The current version of the DRL is 2.0. It closely resembles version 1.1 but has been simplified in some respects. DRL v. 2.0 is the version under which Dominion Rules 3.0 was released in 2008.
References
Role-playing game systems
Free content licenses |
20474029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20McAdoo | Ben McAdoo | Benjamin Lee McAdoo (born July 9, 1977) is an American football coach who is the offensive coordinator for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as a consultant for the Dallas Cowboys in 2021 and quarterbacks coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2020. McAdoo was most notably the head coach of the New York Giants from 2016 to 2017, after serving as their offensive coordinator the previous two years under former head coach Tom Coughlin. He was fired from that position on December 4, 2017 following a 2–10 start, along with benching longtime starting quarterback Eli Manning; at the time of his termination, his 28 regular season games were the fewest by a Giants coach since 1930. Prior to working for the Panthers, McAdoo has also served as an assistant coach for several college football teams, as well as for the New Orleans Saints, the San Francisco 49ers, and the Green Bay Packers.
Early life
McAdoo was born in Homer City, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Homer-Center Junior/Senior High School in 1995. McAdoo attended Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) and earned a degree in health and physical education. Later, he received his master's degree in kinesiology from Michigan State University.
Coaching career
Early career
While attending Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP), McAdoo began working as an assistant high school coach in his sophomore year of college. He returned to his alma mater Homer-Center to be an assistant coach for the 1996 and 1997 seasons, then he was an assistant at Indiana Area High School from 1998 to 1999. McAdoo graduated from IUP summa cum laude in health and physical education.
He then became a graduate assistant for the Michigan State Spartans football team under head coach Bobby Williams while pursuing a master's degree in kinesiology at Michigan State University. In the 2001 season, McAdoo earned his first collegiate coaching position as a graduate assistant for special teams and offense.
McAdoo was the offensive line and tight ends coach at Fairfield University for the 2002 season, in what would be the final season for the Fairfield Stags football team. In 2003, McAdoo became a graduate assistant at the University of Pittsburgh under head coach Walt Harris and helped the team in the 2003 Continental Tire Bowl.
After initially accepting an assistant coach position at Akron, McAdoo resigned to become offensive quality control coach for the New Orleans Saints in 2004 under head coach Jim Haslett. McAdoo interviewed with offensive coordinator Mike McCarthy.
McAdoo coached tight ends and offensive tackles at Stanford for the 2005 spring camp, then resigned to be assistant offensive line and quality control coach for the San Francisco 49ers, reuniting with Mike McCarthy. In 2006, McCarthy became head coach for the Green Bay Packers and added McAdoo to his staff as tight ends coach. McAdoo coached tight ends for the Packers until the 2011 season, and then coached quarterbacks from 2012 to 2013. McAdoo was a member of the coaching staff of the 2010 Packers team that won Super Bowl XLV.
New York Giants
Offensive coordinator (2014–2015)
In 2014, McAdoo joined Tom Coughlin’s staff as the offensive coordinator for the New York Giants. In his first season as offensive coordinator, the Giants offense improved from the 28th-highest-scoring offense in 2013 under Kevin Gilbride to 13th in 2014. In 2015, the offense took another leap forward, becoming the sixth-highest-scoring offense despite losing starting left tackle Will Beatty, starting wide receiver Victor Cruz, and starting tight end Larry Donnell for most of the season due to injury.
Head coach (2016–2017)
On January 14, 2016, McAdoo was named the Giants’ 17th head coach in franchise history. On September 11, 2016, McAdoo won his first game as head coach when the Giants defeated the Dallas Cowboys 20–19. The Giants finished the 2016 season with an 11–5 record under McAdoo, tying the franchise record held by Dan Reeves for most regular season wins by a first year head coach. The Giants returned to the playoffs for the first time since 2011, but lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13.
The Giants' 2017 season was marred by numerous player injuries and other known controversies, which included some players being suspended for team violations, slumping the Giants to an 0–5 start, the first for the team since 2013 before getting a road victory in Week 6 against the Denver Broncos. On November 28, 2017 McAdoo replaced Eli Manning with Geno Smith prior to the Week 13 game against the Oakland Raiders, which ended Manning's 210-consecutive start streak. This marked an uproar in the NY Giants community and was widely seen as the nail in the coffin for McAdoo's tenure with the Giants. After losing 24–17 to the Oakland Raiders and sitting at 2–10, McAdoo was fired by the Giants on December 4, 2017, along with general manager Jerry Reese.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On February 11, 2020, McAdoo was hired by the Jacksonville Jaguars as their quarterbacks coach. He was let go following the season.
Dallas Cowboys
On May 26, 2021, McAdoo was hired by the Dallas Cowboys as a consultant.
Carolina Panthers
On January 24, 2022, McAdoo was hired by the Carolina Panthers as their offensive coordinator under head coach Matt Rhule, replacing Joe Brady.
Personal life
McAdoo is married to his wife Toni, a fellow native of Homer City. They have a daughter and a son.
Head coaching record
References
1977 births
Living people
Carolina Panthers coaches
Fairfield Stags football coaches
Green Bay Packers coaches
High school football coaches in Pennsylvania
Indiana University of Pennsylvania alumni
Michigan State Spartans football coaches
Michigan State University alumni
National Football League offensive coordinators
New Orleans Saints coaches
New York Giants coaches
New York Giants head coaches
People from Homer City, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Panthers football coaches
San Francisco 49ers coaches
University of Pittsburgh alumni |
17336069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallopodidae | Hallopodidae | Hallopodidae is a family of Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs. They have been recovered as the closest relatives of the Crocodyliformes.
References
Prehistoric reptile families
Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs
Fossil taxa described in 1881 |
20474035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Olivier-Coupeau | Françoise Olivier-Coupeau | Françoise Olivier-Coupeau (3 July 1959 – 4 May 2011) was a member of the National Assembly of France.
Olivier-Coupeau was born in Laval, Mayenne. She represented the Morbihan department (5th constituency), and was a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. She was a member of the National Defence and Armed Forces Committee.
References
1959 births
2011 deaths
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
21st-century French women politicians
20th-century French women politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
44500615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Sumichrast | Robert Sumichrast | Robert T. Sumichrast is an academic administrator currently serving as dean of the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Tech.
Academic career
Virginia Tech
Sumichrast began his career as an assistant professor of management science at Virginia Tech in 1984. After 6 years, he rose to associate professor, and then a professor of management science and information technology in 1996. Sumichrast was named the associate dean of graduate and international programs at Virginia Tech's Pamplin College of Business in 1998.
Louisiana State University
After nearly twenty years at Virginia Tech, Sumichrast left to become the dean of the E.J. Ourso College of Business at Louisiana State University in 2003. During this time Sumichrast expanded their international programs and increased development efforts.
University of Georgia
In 2007, Sumichrast became the dean of the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia. During this time Dr. Sumichrast increased research programs, expanded alumni relations, and led efforts to fund a new classroom building and meeting space. In 2008, Sumichrast presented alongside Steve Forbes at the Georgia Economic Outlook luncheon, warning of three recession triggers. In 2011, Sumichrast was appointed to the board of directors of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
Virginia Tech
In 2013, Sumichrast returned to Virginia Tech to serve as Dean for the Pamplin College of Business.
Since coming to Virginia Tech, Sumichrast implemented the Innovate Entrepreneurial Living Community, established the Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, increased the amount of furniture available in public spaces around Pamplin Hall, and managed the college's response to controversies surrounding the Finance Department's BB&T Distinguished Lecture Series. Sumichrast also chaired the Doctoral Education Task Force of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, which published “The Promise of Doctoral Education” in 2013.
In the strategic plans for 2014–2019, Sumichrast laid out the framework for the construction of Pamplin College's Business Learning Community. The GBAC will grow the college's footprint on campus, while establishing collaborative spaces, growing the three college centers, and developing a residential community. In 2016, Virginia Tech announced plans for the construction of a new Global Business and Data Analytics Complex.
The Distinguished Lecture Series, established in 2007 with a $1 million gift from BB&T Charitable Foundation, features an invited speaker each semester discussing the foundations of capitalism and freedom. Announcement of the March 2016 speaker, Charles Murray, sparked campus protests. Sumichrast decided not to disinvite Murray or cancel the lecture. Addressing protestors' concerns, he transferred responsibility for speaker invitations from finance professor and program director Douglas Patterson to a newly formed committee, hosted a two-hour Teach In with students and faculty members, and arranged for a publicly funded counter-lecture.
In May 2016, Sumichrast's statements concerning an alleged speaking invitation and disinvitation to Manhattan Institute senior fellow and Wall Street Journal columnist Jason Riley garnered controversy. Following clarifying statements from the lecture series committee - its selected speaker for the fall lecture was Harvard economics professor Robert Barro - Sumichrast and Virginia Tech President Tim Sands apologized for the misunderstanding and invited Riley to speak at the university at a future date.
References
Clemson University alumni
Purdue University alumni
Virginia Tech faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
17336073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Fink | Margaret Fink | Margaret Fink (born Margaret Elliott on March 3, 1933) is an Australian film producer, noted for her important role in the revival of Australian cinema in the 1970s.
She was educated at Sydney Girls High School, East Sydney Technical College, Sydney Teachers College and the Sydney Conservatorium. She worked as an art teacher at various high schools in Sydney from 1956 to 1961.
Her productions include The Removalists (1975), My Brilliant Career (1979), For Love Alone (1986), Edens Lost (1988) (for TV), and Candy (2006).
She was a member of the Sydney Push, a Sydney bohemian group of the 1950s and 1960s that boasted among its membership Lillian Roxon, Germaine Greer, Clive James, and Frank Moorhouse. While still known as Margaret Elliott, she published Harry Hooton's last book, It Is Great To Be Alive. Her former husband, Leon Fink, is a prominent Sydney businessman and property developer. They married in 1961 and had three children together: Hannah, John and Ben. After their divorce in 1978, they remained living in the same house for a number of years. She has also had relationships with Barry Humphries, Jim McNeil, Bill Harding and Richard Neville.
Her daughter, Hannah Fink, is an arts writer. John Fink is a restaurateur and filmmaker. Ben Fink was a member of the band The Whitlams.
References
Australian film producers
1933 births
Living people
People educated at Sydney Girls High School |
17336077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynir%20B%C3%B6%C3%B0varsson | Reynir Böðvarsson | Reynir Böðvarsson is an Icelandic seismologist working at Uppsala University in Sweden. He is responsible for the Swedish National Seismology Network.
External
Seismology Institute Uppsala University
Swedish National Seismology Net Homepage
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Uppsala University faculty
Seismologists
Reynir Bodvarsson
Reynir Bodvarsson
Reynir Bodvarsson |
44500634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Meltsner | Michael Meltsner | Michael Meltsner (born 1937) is an American lawyer, the George J. and Kathleen Waters Matthews distinguished University Professor of law (and former dean) at Northeastern University School of Law and author. Meltsner was educated at Oberlin College and the Yale Law School.
As first assistant counsel to the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund he served as counsel in many leading civil rights cases of the 1960s, including those that led to the integration of Southern hospitals and medical facilities, and a moratorium on capital punishment. He represented Mohammad Ali in the litigation that enabled his return to the boxing ring.
Meltsner sits on the board of the Legal Action Center. He is a winner of many awards including a Berlin American Academy prize Fellowship, a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Hugo Bedau Award for capital punishment scholarship and an American Bar Association Silver Gabel media award. In 2012 John Jay College (CUNY) conferred an Honorary Doctor of Laws calling him "the principal architect of the death penalty abolition movement in the United States."
Selected publications
Philip G Schrag and Michael Meltsner, Reflections on Clinical Education, Northeastern University Press, 1998,
Cruel and Unusual: The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment, (Quid Pro Books Section Edition, 2011)
The Making of a Civil Rights Lawyer, University of Virginia Press, 2006,
In Our Name: A Play of the Torture Years, Norwood Press, 2010
Short Takes, A Novel, Random House, 1979Race Rape and Injustice, University of Tennessee Press, 2012
References
External links
Gallery
Article
Snowden Article
Papers
Article
American lawyers
1937 births
Living people
Northeastern University faculty |
17336117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ALMA%20de%20M%C3%A9xico%20destinations | List of ALMA de México destinations | This is a list of cities and airports that ALMA de México served (as of June 2008):
Mexico
Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes (Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo International Airport)
Baja California
Tijuana (General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport) focus city
Baja California Sur
La Paz (Manuel Márquez de León International Airport)
Campeche
Campeche (Ing. Alberto Acuña Ongay International Airport)
Chiapas
Tuxtla Gutierrez (Angel Albino Corzo International Airport)
Chihuahua
Chihuahua (General Roberto Fierro Villalobos International Airport)
Ciudad Juárez (Abraham González International Airport)
Coahuila
Torreón (Francisco Sarabia International Airport)
Guanajuato
León (Del Bajío International Airport)
Estado de México
Toluca (Lic. Adolfo López Mateos International Airport)
Jalisco
Guadalajara (Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport) Hub
Puerto Vallarta (Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport)
Michoacan
Morelia (General Francisco J. Mujica International Airport)
Nuevo León
Monterrey (General Mariano Escobedo International Airport)
Oaxaca
Oaxaca (Xoxocotlán International Airport)
Puebla
Puebla (Hermanos Serdán International Airport)
Querétaro
Querétaro (Querétaro International Airport)
Quintana Roo
Cancún (Cancún International Airport)
Chetumal (Chetumal International Airport)
Sinaloa
Los Mochis (Federal del Valle del Fuerte International Airport)
Mazatlán (General Rafael Buelna International Airport)
Tabasco
Villahermosa (Carlos Rovirosa Pérez International Airport)
Tamaulipas
Ciudad Victoria (General Pedro J. Méndez International Airport)
Reynosa (General Lucio Blanco International Airport)
Tampico (General Francisco Javier Mina International Airport)
Veracruz
Poza Rica (El Tajín National Airport)
Veracruz (General Heriberto Jara International Airport)
Yucatán
Mérida (Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport)
References
ALMA de Mexico |
17336122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camayenne%20Sofa | Camayenne Sofa | Camayenne Sofa were one of the most influential popular music groups in Guinea, West Africa in the 1970s. They recorded on the national Syliphone label.
Discography
La Percee (Syllart)
Attaque (Syllart)
A Grands Pas
References
Guinean musical groups
Musical groups established in 1974
Musical groups disestablished in 1975 |
6904085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Isle%20of%20Lewis | MV Isle of Lewis | MV Isle of Lewis () is a Scottish ro-ro ferry, owned by Caledonian Maritime Assets, and operated by Caledonian MacBrayne between Oban and Castlebay, Barra. Built in 1995, she remains one of only two ships in the CalMac fleet over in length; the other, , being longer by almost 15 metres.
Originally built to operate between Ullapool and Stornoway, Isle of Lewis rarely deviated from that route for 20 years. Since March 2016, she has served the Isle of Barra all year round from Oban. The only other routes operated by CalMac she has ever worked on is the triangle between Uig, Lochmaddy & Tarbert and between Oban and Craignure, but only ever in an emergency situation.
History
Isle of Lewis was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders in Port Glasgow on the River Clyde and entered service in July 1995. When constructed she was largest ship ever built by Ferguson's. Her crossing time of around 2 hours and 45 minutes improved upon that of her predecessor, , by at least 45 minutes.
With increasing traffic on the crossing, there was speculation that Isle of Lewis might be replaced by a larger vessel. In September 2013 the freight vessel was chartered to relieve pressure on the route. On 10 June 2012, it was announced that a new £42 million replacement ferry was to be built in Germany. The new 116 metre long ROPAX ferry was named and is capable of continuous operation, with a capacity for up to 700 passengers, and 143 cars or 20 commercial vehicles. Loch Seaforth entered service in mid-February 2015 and took over both passenger and freight duties on the route. Since moving to the Barra service in March 2016, Isle of Lewis has been relegated to the role of Stornoway relief ship each October when Loch Seaforth departs for overhaul, with a second relief ship taking care of overnight freight traffic, owing to Isle of Lewis''' inability to carry certain hazardous cargo due to her fully enclosed and sealed car deck.
In June 2015, to assess her future deployment, Isle of Lewis undertook a tour of major terminals for berthing trials, with varied results. She called at Lochmaddy, Castlebay, Oban, Craignure, Brodick, Ardrossan, Troon, Campbeltown, and Tarbert between 4 and 9 June. No immediate decision was announced. Major work would be required to offset her stern ramp to starboard instead of to port, for her to operate on routes including Mull and Arran. Such adjustments would not prevent her returning to Stornoway for relief work, as both Stornoway and Ullapool harbours now have full-width linkspans.
In September 2015, it was announced that the Isle of Lewis was to become the Oban–Castlebay vessel from the following summer, thus allowing to commence daily return sailings between Lochboisdale and Mallaig.Isle of Lewis was on duty at Oban and Castlebay in 2017 when she undertook a series of special sailings between 4 and 6 June to transport those travelling to attend the funeral of Eilidh MacLeod, a Barra schoolgirl who died in the Manchester Arena bombing. As a mark of respect, the Isle of Lewis was shown with her CalMac pennant, along with the Barra flag, at half mast.
A history of the Isle of Lewis by Mark Nicolson was published by The Islands Book Trust on 31 July 2016, in time for the 21st anniversary of the vessel's inauguration in 1995.
LayoutIsle of Lewis is a further development of and ' design with a fully enclosed car deck. The car deck is accessed by bow and stern ramps, the latter being offset from the centre of the ship to accommodate the linkspan in Ullapool. The bow ramp is a folding design that is watertight and further protected by a conventional upward hinging bow visor. The bow ramp was originally off-set to suit Stornoway's original linkspan until new facilities opened in April 1997. During an overhaul at Greenock in 2016, the bow ramp was changed to be off-set to port in order to prepare her for her new role as the summer Barra ferry, to make berthing in Oban easier.
There are three lanes to port and two to starboard of the central casing. A hydraulically operated mezzanine deck along each side can be raised or lowered according to traffic requirements. Two stairways from the car deck bring passengers out in the entrance square on deck 4, where the passenger gangways enter.
The entrance square houses the information desk and gift shop. Forward is a large cafeteria overlooking the bow and occupying the full width of the ship. Aft are a designated dog area and a truckers' quiet lounge, with the reclining lounge and bar at the stern. Deck 5 houses the observation lounge at the bow, crew accommodation further aft and an open promenade deck stretching down both sides of the ship. Four stairways lead up to the open top deck, where seating is available.
The upper works of the ship are completed with two raked funnels in red and black company colours and two buff coloured masts. The smaller mast is on top of the wheelhouse and carries the twin radar scanners and radio antennae, while the larger mast is mounted aft on the promenade deck, carrying antennae and the house flag. During the winter refit in 2009, the funnels were fitted with angled exhaust extensions on the funnel tops to direct engine exhaust away from the decks. They were later removed during her 2019 overhaul. The ship carries a fast rescue craft and two large motor-driven lifeboats, one to port and one to starboard, with a set of automatically deploying inflatable life rafts. The two large lifeboats were replaced in 2019 with new inflatable life rafts.
ServiceIsle of Lewis spent the majority of her career operating between Ullapool and Stornoway and until April 2015, had hardly sailed on any other route. She endured some treacherous seas crossing The Minch, some of the most exposed waters around the British Isles. Tidal constraints from her 4.2 metre draught make her unsuitable for full-time use on other routes. Her ramps not being suitable for many of the linkspans around the CalMac network further reduces her versatility.
Over the years, Isle of Lewis has called at other stations for a variety of purposes. During her delivery voyage to Stornoway, she called at Ardrossan on 26 July 1995 to collect supplies. During the visit, she was formally handed over to her new owners. The next day, 27 July 1995, she carried out berthing trials at Uig, Lochmaddy & Tarbert respectively to assess her suitability should an emergency arise there - testing her bow ramp at Uig, her bow and stern ramps at Lochmaddy, and her bow ramp at Tarbert - before proceeding for trials at Ullapool and Stornoway later that day.
On 19 April and 31 May 1998, she called at Lochmaddy to carry out two charters with Ministry of Defence traffic to and from Ullapool, suffering a breakdown on the first charter that required repairs lasting four weeks. On 28 November 1998, whilst returning from an overhaul at North Shields, Isle of Lewis made a maiden call at Stromness, Orkney to 'show the flag' as CalMac were bidding for the contract to operate the Northern Isles services instead of the then-incumbent P&O Scottish Ferries. It is worth noting that until the appearance of , Isle of Lewis was the flagship for CalMac, hence the reason she was the vessel selected to promote CalMac's interest in the Northern Isles franchise.
On 11 November 2008, whilst operating a temporary passenger-only service between Stornoway and Ullapool during a period when the Ullapool linkspan was closed for maintenance and the regular freight vessel was stormbound at Stornoway, Isle of Lewis called at Uig to retrieve stranded freight traffic bound for Lewis.
On 3 April 2015, Isle of Lewis carried out a special sailing from Uig to Lochmaddy to assist , which was covering the route whilst was on winter relief duty. This was an historic day for Isle of Lewis, her first passenger sailing on a CalMac service other than her regular Stornoway-Ullapool roster. This was followed by special sailings between Tarbert and Lochmaddy on 19 and 20 June following breakdown of the Sound of Harris ferry.
From 20 April to 18 May 2015, Isle of Lewis operated a temporary service for vehicles and passengers from Stornoway to Uig whilst the 42-year-old linkspan at Ullapool was replaced with a new two-lane design that improves loading and unloading. Clipper Ranger ran a freight service from Stornoway to Uig in addition, and required to have her stern ramp modified for this. ran from Stornoway to Ullapool as normal, but on a passenger-only basis. The linkspan works were completed early, on 15 May, although it did not reopen for business until 18 May as planned. Isle of Lewis then carried out a series of special sailings between Oban and Castlebay between and 24 and 27 June - in response to strike action by RMT union members of CalMac on 26 June which caused severe disruption across the whole network. One of Isle of Lewis special crossings included a 0046 from Oban to Castlebay on 27 June to transport runners to the annual 'Barrathon' marathon, 'saving' that event from cancellation as a result of the disruption caused by the strike.
Following a breakdown of on 28 July 2015, Isle of Lewis took over on the Uig Triangle, allowing Hebrides to sail to Stornoway for repairs to her propulsion unit. The larger vessel took this unusual duty in her stride despite having to work by the available tide at Uig owing to her deeper draught. Hebrides was able to return to service early on 30 July, although Isle of Lewis remained on the triangle for the remainder of the day to clear any backlog of traffic, and returned to Stornoway following an extra sailing from Lochmaddy to Uig.
In early 2016, Isle of Lewis relieved on the Scrabster - Stromness route for NorthLink whilst sailed for her refit. This was a reciprocal arrangement after provided cover at Stornoway during the dry-docking of Loch Seaforth.
In March 2016, Isle of Lewis began a new phase of her life, serving Oban and Castlebay on Barra year-round, which allowed to commence a daily return service between Lochboisdale and Mallaig, thus ending South Uist's direct link to Oban. With Isle of Lewis deployment there, the Isle of Barra receives a daily dedicated service. These summer arrangements, announced by Transport Scotland, are likely to be a stop-gap until the new is commissioned at Arran, and Hull 802 is commissioned on the Uig-Lochmaddy/Tarbert services. On her first official day on the Barra service, 25 March 2016, Isle of Lewis completed all of her sailings in spite of an amber alert of adverse weather and swell conditions.Isle of Lewis'' returned to the Stornoway - Ullapool service in April and May 2021, while was undergoing repairs to the port engine. This left to combine the Lochboisdale and Castlebay services.
References
External links
MV Isle of Lewis on www.calmac.co.uk
Caledonian MacBrayne
Ships built on the River Clyde
1995 ships |
23576214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff%20Kinrade | Geoff Kinrade | Geoffrey Kenneth Kinrade (born July 29, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played under contract with Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He is a previous member of the SC Bern team of the Swiss Nationaliga A, as well as for HC Plzeň 1929 of the Czech Extraliga and the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). Kinrade has played one game in the NHL. He has two brothers, one of whom is Mike Kinrade, the professional free-ride mountain biker.
Playing career
Born in Nelson, British Columbia, Kinrade played junior hockey with the Cowichan Valley Capitals of the British Columbia Hockey League. He then attended Michigan Tech until 2009. He played ten games with the Norfolk Admirals after his college season was over in 2009. He made his NHL debut on April 9, 2009 for Tampa against the Washington Capitals. On July 10, 2009 he signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Ottawa Senators. Kinrade played two seasons with Binghamton after that, capping his time in Binghamton with a Calder Cup championship in 2011.
After the 2010–11 season, Kinrade signed with HC Plzen 1929 of the Czech Extraliga. Mid-season he moved to SC Bern of the Swiss Nationaliga A. In December 2012, Kinrade was a member of Team Canada winning the Spengler Cup in Davos, Switzerland. At the end of the 2012-13 season, SC Bern won the Swiss National Championship.
On June 1, 2017, Kinrade continued his career in the KHL, signing a one-year deal with Chinese outfit, Kunlun Red Star. He made 26 appearances with Kunlun before he left the club in a trade to Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod on November 16, 2017.
As a free agent into the 2018–19 season, Kinrade belatedly signed a one-year contract to continue in the KHL with Severstal Cherepovets on December 27, 2018.
Career statistics
See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Admiral Vladivostok players
HC Ambrì-Piotta players
SC Bern players
Binghamton Senators players
Cowichan Valley Capitals players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
HC Kunlun Red Star players
Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey players
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
Norfolk Admirals players
People from Nelson, British Columbia
HC Plzeň players
Severstal Cherepovets players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the Czech Republic
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Croatia
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in China
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland
Canadian ice hockey defencemen |
44500662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrier%20Trailertri%2018 | Farrier Trailertri 18 | The Farrier Trailertri 18 is a trailerable 1976 trimaran sailboat designed by Ian Farrier that was sold in plan form, targeted at owner builders assembling from marine plywood, and marketed as a day sailer.
See also
List of multihulls
Farrier Marine
References
Trimarans
Sailboat type designs by Ian Farrier
Sailboat types built by Farrier Marine |
17336137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Mass%20Krakow%202004 | Black Mass Krakow 2004 | Black Mass Krakow 2004 is a live concert DVD by Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth. It was released by Metal Mind on 9 June 2008 in Europe, and on 8 July 2008 in the US. The DVD featured the band's controversial 2004 concert that was filmed in a TV studio in Kraków, Poland. The DVD also included live footage from the Full Force Festival Leipzig 2000, band biography, discography, photo gallery, desktop images and web links, and was compatible with Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound.
Controversy
The concert featured sheep heads on stakes, "crucified" nude models, Satanic symbols and eighty litres of sheep blood. The band came under fire for violating Polish anti-blasphemy laws as well as Polish animal rights laws. A police investigation took place with allegations of religious offence (which is prosecutable under Polish law) and cruelty to animals. Though these charges were considered, the band was not charged as it was ruled that they were unaware of the fact that what they were doing was illegal, although the concert organiser was eventually fined 10,000zł in 2007, as he knew about it and neither informed the band that it was against the law nor intervened. The whole controversy led to the band being dropped from the roster of the Nuclear Blast Tour and the footage of the concert being confiscated by the police.
Track listing
Personnel
Gaahl – vocals
Infernus – guitar
King ov Hell – bass
Kvitrafn – drums
Apollyon – guitar
See also
Gorgoroth discography
References
Gorgoroth albums
Black metal controversies
2008 live albums
2008 video albums
Live video albums
Metal Mind Productions video albums |
6904097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murasame-class%20destroyer%20%281958%29 | Murasame-class destroyer (1958) | The Murasame-class destroyer was a destroyer class built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in the late 1950s as a successor to the destroyers. Like its predecessor, its main task was anti-submarine warfare, but its improved weaponry also enabled it to perform better in the anti-air role, so this class was classified as "DDA" (anti-air destroyer or all purpose destroyer) unofficially.
Like its predecessor, the , this class adopted a "long forecastle" design with inclined afterdeck called "Holland Slope", named after the scenic sloping street in Nagasaki City. The propulsion system was almost the same as the one of the .
The sensor suite and weapon system was almost the same as the one of the latter batch of the Ayanami class, but three 5-inch/54 caliber Mark 16 guns (with Mark 39 single mounts) were added to extend effective range against air and surface threats in addition to four 3-inch/50 caliber Mark 22 guns (with Mark 33 dual mounts). The 5-inch guns were controlled by one Mark 57 GFCS, and the 3-inch guns were done by one Mark 63 controller. The main air-search radar was an OPS-1, the Japanese version of the American AN/SPS-6.
Ships
References
Destroyer classes |
17336162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20Park%2C%20New%20Westminster | Queen's Park, New Westminster | Queen's Park is a neighbourhood and community park in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.
The recreational area and tourist attraction dates from 1887. The park is in extent, and is located north east of the city hall. The park houses Queen's Park Arena, current home of the New Westminster Salmonbellies, a stadium, seasonal animal petting farm, spray park, tennis courts, sports fields and band shell.
Queen's Park residential area is to the southwest of the park, bounded on the northwest by 6th Avenue, on the southwest by 6th Street, on the southeast by Royal Avenue, and on the north by the park itself.
History
1859 to 1900
Queen's Park was the first established public park in British Columbia, as New Westminster was established in 1859. Originally, the park was named 'Queen's Ravine' by Colonel Richard Clement Moody. In the 1870s, the reserve in which the park was in was split into an area for a penitentiary, asylum, and the park itself. The park was officially declared open in 1887 as a celebration of Queen Victoria's 50th year as a monarch. In 1890, an exhibition building was built which could house up to 5,000 people. The building was created for viewing of the athletic fields and race track.
1901 to 1945
The first zoo was built in the park in 1906 by the local firemen, which contained animals such as bears and cougars. The New Westminster Arena was built in 1914 with the original intention of housing horse competitions, but was transformed into an ice rink instead. During the First World War, the park was used as a training site for the Royal Expeditionary Force. The buildings were also transformed into barracks to house the soldiers in training. In 1929, there was a large fire which destroyed most of the buildings in Queen's Park, and the area was not restored until much later, due to the Great Depression. The park was later turned again into training grounds and housing for soldiers in the Westminster Regiment during the Second World War.
See also
Tipperary Park
References
External links
New Westminster Parks, Culture & Recreation
Neighbourhoods in New Westminster
Parks in Greater Vancouver |
23576215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara%20Jo%C5%A1ava | Stara Jošava | Stara Jošava is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
In the 1981 census, one uninhabited part of Stara Jošava settlement was separated, and became part of settlement Feričanci.
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
20474046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville%20Colonels%20all-time%20roster | Louisville Colonels all-time roster | The following is a list of players and who appeared in at least one game for the Louisville Colonels franchise of Major League Baseball from through . This includes the Louisville Eclipse of the American Association, as well as the Colonels of both the AA and the National League. Players in bold are in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
A
Nick Altrock
Bill Anderson
Wally Andrews
B
Norm Baker
Charley Bassett
Burley Bayer
Ollie Beard
Charlie Bell
Ned Bligh
Charlie Bohn
George Boone
Amos Booth
George Borchers
Eddie Boyle
Kitty Brashear
Grant Briggs
Dan Brouthers
Lew Brown
Tom Brown
William Brown
Pete Browning
Hercules Burnett
Dick Butler
C
Tom Cahill
Scoops Carey
Fred Carl
Pete Cassidy
Elton Chamberlain
Bill Childers
Bob Clark
Win Clark
Dad Clarke
Fred Clarke
Josh Clarke
Fritz Clausen
Monk Cline
Billy Clingman
Hub Collins
Jimmy Collins
John Connor
Paul Cook
Henry Cote
Harry Croft
Jack Crooks
Amos Cross
Joe Cross
Lave Cross
Joe Crotty
Billy Crowell
Bert Cunningham
D
Ed Daily
Jack Darragh
Harry Davis
Ren Deagle
George Decker
Tom Delahanty
Jerry Denny
Charlie Dexter
Buttercup Dickerson
Joe Dolan
Patsy Donovan
Harry Dooms
John Doran
Pete Dowling
Tom Dowse
Denny Driscoll
Sam Dungan
John Dyler
E
Billy Earle
Henry Easterday
Red Ehret
Bones Ely
Charlie Emig
Dude Esterbrook
Frank Eustace
Roy Evans
John Ewing
F
Clay Fauver
Charles Fisher
Warren Fitzgerald
Pat Flaherty
Patsy Flaherty
Ed Flanagan
Paddy Fox
Chick Fraser
Frank Freund
Eddie Fusselback
G
John Galligan
Mike Gaule
Billy Geer
Joe Gerhardt
Tom Gettinger
Pete Gilbert
Jack Glasscock
Bill Gleason
Jack Gleason
Herb Goodall
John Grim
Billy Gumbert
H
Irv Hach
Charlie Hamburg
Jerry Harrington
Topsy Hartsel
Bill Hassamaer
Gil Hatfield
John Healy
Guy Hecker
Jack Heinzman
George Hemming
Ducky Hemp
Art Herman
Bill Hill
Ducky Holmes
Dummy Hoy
Rudy Hulswitt
Bill Hunter
I
Bert Inks
John Irwin
J
Hughie Jennings
Abbie Johnson
Alex Jones
Jim Jones
Mike Jones
Ri Jones
K
Mike Kelley
Bill Kemmer
Ted Kennedy
John Kerins
Fred Ketcham
Matt Kilroy
Tom Kinslow
Malachi Kittridge
Bill Kling
Phil Knell
Joe Kostal
Charlie Krehmeyer
Bill Kuehne
L
Fred Lake
Bob Langsford
Sam LaRocque
Juice Latham
Tacks Latimer
Tommy Leach
Jack Leary
Thomas Long
Jim Long
Pat Luby
Con Lucid
Henry Luff
Luke Lutenberg
M
Denny Mack
Reddy Mack
Bill Magee
Lou Mahaffey
Frank Martin
Harry Maskrey
Leech Maskrey
Al Mays
Harry McCaffery
Barry McCormick
Tom McCreery
Mike H. McDermott
Mike J. McDermott
Alex McFarlan
Dan McFarlan
Herm McFarland
Ambrose McGann
Tom McLaughlin
George Meakim
Jouett Meekin
Jock Menefee
Ed Merrill
Bill Merritt
Tom Messitt
Bert Miller
Doggie Miller
Joe Miller
Dan Minnehan
Tom Morrison
Tony Mullane
Clarence Murphy
Miah Murray
N
Kid Nance
Joe Neale
George Nicol
O
John O'Brien
Dan O'Connor
Tim O'Rourke
P
Harrison Peppers
Pat Pettee
Fred Pfeffer
Dan Phelan
Deacon Phillippe
Ollie Pickering
Gracie Pierce
George Pinkney
Doc Powers
Walt Preston
Walter Prince
Q
R
Toad Ramsey
Harry Raymond
John Reccius
Phil Reccius
Nick Reeder
Billy Rhines
Danny Richardson
John Richter
Claude Ritchey
Jim Rogers
Chief Roseman
Bill Rotes
Jack Ryan
S
Ben Sanders
Jimmy Say
Al Schellhase
Bill Schenck
Harry Scherer
Ossee Schreckengost
Emmett Seery
Dan Shannon
Frank Shannon
Tim Shinnick
Frank Shugart
Harry Smith
Heinie Smith
Ollie Smith
Pop Smith
Skyrocket Smith
Tom Smith
Cooney Snyder
Harry Spies
Ed Springer
General Stafford
Farmer Steelman
Len Stockwell
Tom Stouch
Sammy Strang
Scott Stratton
Joe Strauss
Charles Strick
Dan Sullivan
Sleeper Sullivan
Tom Sullivan
Dan Sweeney
Pete Sweeney
Lou Sylvester
T
Billy Taylor
Harry Taylor
Tom Terrell
Frank Todd
Phil Tomney
John Traffley
George Treadway
Mike Trost
Larry Twitchell
U
V
Farmer Vaughn
Peek-A-Boo Veach
Lee Viau
W
Rube Waddell
Jack Wadsworth
Honus Wagner
John Warner
Farmer Weaver
Sam Weaver
Pete Weckbecker
Curt Welch
Tub Welch
Jack Wentz
Perry Werden
Joe Werrick
Gus Weyhing
Lew Whistler
Bill White
Ed Whiting
Bill Whitrock
Harry Wilhelm
Dave Wills
Bill Wilson
George Winkleman
Jimmy Wolf
Walt Woods
Joe Wright
Y
Z
Fred Zahner
Chief Zimmer
External links
Baseball Reference
Major League Baseball all-time rosters
Louisville Colonels, Roster |
6904103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZINC%20database | ZINC database | The ZINC database (recursive acronym: ZINC is not commercial) is a curated collection of commercially available chemical compounds prepared especially for virtual screening. ZINC is used by investigators (generally people with training as biologists or chemists) in pharmaceutical companies,
biotech companies,
and research universities.
Scope and access
ZINC is different from other chemical databases because it aims to represent the biologically relevant, three dimensional form of the molecule.
Curation and updates
ZINC is updated regularly and may be downloaded and used free of charge. It is developed by John Irwin in the Shoichet Laboratory in the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the University of California, San Francisco.
Version
The latest release of the website interface is "ZINC 15" (2015). The previous website was at ZINC, but the maintainers recommend moving to ZINC15 because of its better search capabilities. The database contents are continuously updated.
See also
PubChem a database of small molecules from the chemical and biological literature, hosted by NCBI
ChEMBL, a database of information about medicinal chemistry and biological activities of small molecules.
External links
ZINC database
Chemical databases
Biological databases |
23576249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20fuscum | Trichocentrum fuscum | Trichocentrum fuscum, commonly known as the dark trichocentrum, is a species of orchid found from Mexico to Central America.
External links
fuscum
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Central America |
44500671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssef%20Benali | Youssef Benali | Youssef Benali (born 4 February 1995) is a French footballer of Moroccan descent who plays for Moroccan club IR Tanger as a winger.
Club career
Benali began his career at the Toulouse FC youth academy, where he most commonly played as an attacking midfielder. He made his Ligue 1 debut on 23 November 2014 against Montpellier HSC, replacing Étienne Didot after 81 minutes in a 2-0 away defeat. During his time at Toulouse, Benali appeared in four Ligue 1 matches and a single match in the Coupe de la Ligue. After falling out of contract with Toulouse, he moved to Moroccan club Chabab Rif Al Hoceima on 29 August 2016 with a two year deal.
During the summer 2018, he moved to Concarneau.
International career
Benali made five appearances for the France national U-16 team and one appearance for the France national U-18 team.
Career statistics
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
French footballers
French people of Moroccan descent
Ligue 1 players
Championnat National players
Toulouse FC players
US Concarneau players
Chabab Rif Al Hoceima players
Association football forwards |
23576259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith%20Road%2C%20Chennai | Smith Road, Chennai | Smith Road in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India branches off from Anna Salai, Chennai's arterial road near Spencer Plaza from the TVS Junction to join Whites Road near Hobart Muslim Girls Higher Secondary School.
Major companies and organizations located at this road includes
TVS Motors
Data Software Research Company
References
Roads in Chennai |
20474050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20massacres%20in%20Peru | List of massacres in Peru | The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Peru (numbers may be approximate):
References
Peru
Massacres
Internal conflict in Peru
Massacres |
44500679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerworld | Innerworld | Innerworld is the first full-length studio album by synth-pop band Electric Youth. The album was released in Canada by Last Gang Records and in the rest of the world by Secretly Canadian on September 30, 2014.
NPR premiered the album via their "First Listen" program on September 20, 2014.
The album was recorded in Toronto and Los Angeles and was produced by Electric Youth. Vince Clarke and Peter Mayes provided additional production and Mayes also mixed the album.
The album artwork features Electric Youth's Austin Garrick and Bronwyn Griffin, as painted by English painter Paul Roberts.
Track listing
References
2014 debut albums
Electric Youth albums |
20474056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20Leneuf%20de%20la%20Valli%C3%A8re%20de%20Beaubassin | Michel Leneuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin | Michel Le Neuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin (the elder) (1640 – 1705) was a military figure who became a governor of Acadia under French control. He was the son of Jacques Leneuf de La Poterie and Marguerite Legardeur, who both originally came from Normandy and together with their extended families settled in Canada.
The Le Neuf family came from Caen, France, and settled in Trois-Rivières, Canada, in 1636. They were the first nobles to settle in New France and held positions of power and prestige through several generations.
References
External links
Leneuf, Michel (the elder)
1640 births
1705 deaths
Military personnel from Caen |
17336212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Silver%20Chamber%20of%20Sorrows | The Silver Chamber of Sorrows | The Silver Chamber of Sorrows (Traditional Chinese: 銀樓金粉) is a TVB period drama series broadcast in April 2008. It stars Nancy Sit, Paul Chun, Ng Wai Kwok, Christine Ng, Shirley Yeung, Winnie Young, Jack Wu, Rebecca Chan & Nancy Wu.
Synopsis
A rich family is ruled by lust
A hymn is mourned over by feuds
Sheung's Silver Chamber, the largest jewel company in Foshan, Guangdong, is facing serious financial difficulties. In order to obtain a loan from Shum’s family, Sheung Hang (Paul Chun), owner of the Chamber, together with his primary wife, Choi Siu-Tip (Nancy Sit), plot to arrange marriage between Sheung Wan (Ng Wai Kwok), Hang’s younger brother, and Shum Wing-Tung (Winnie Young), daughter of Shum’s family. Fueled by hatred, Ching Sau-Hang (Christine Ng), Wan’s lover, marries Hang and ironically becomes Wan’s sister-in-law. Wan falls out with Hang, and opts to live abroad and disconnects from his family.
After leaving home for years, Wan does not return home until the occasion to celebrate his father’s birthday. Unfortunately on the night before the occasion, Sheung Shai Jo, the only son of Hang, steals his grandfather's present for his greed and as a result causes his grandfather to agitate and pass away while his mother pushed the blame to Hang, Wan and Sau-Hang. As a result, all the evil deeds and secrets of the family are revealed one by one as the dark age of the family approaches...
Cast
Viewership ratings
Awards and nominations
41st TVB Anniversary Awards (2008)
Nominations
"Best Drama"
"Best Actress in a Leading Role" (Nancy Sit - Choi Siu-Dip)
"Best Actress in a Supporting Role" (Nancy Wu - Ha Fei-Fei)
"My Favourite Female Character" (Christine Ng - Ching Sau-Hang)
References
External links
TVB.com The Silver Chamber of Sorrows - Official Website
Review
TVB dramas
2008 Hong Kong television series debuts
2008 Hong Kong television series endings |
20474067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Cuvillier | Frédéric Cuvillier | Frédéric Cuvillier (born at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 9 December 1968) is a French politician who, until his appointment as Junior Minister for Transport and the Maritime Economy at the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Energy by President François Hollande on 16 May 2012, was a member of the National Assembly of France, where he represented the 5th constituency of Pas-de-Calais on behalf of the Parti Socialiste. He was mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer from 22 November 2002 until 2012, when he became Secretary of State for Transport and the Maritime Economy.
Career
National government
Secretary of State for Transport and the Maritime Economy (renamed Transport, the Sea and Fisheries) at the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Energy : 16 May 2012 – 25 August 2014
Elected posts
National Assembly of France
Member of the National Assembly of France for the 5th constituency of Pas-de-Calais : 2007–2012 (Became minister in 2012). Elected in 2007, re-elected in 2012.
General council
Member of the Pas-de-Calais General Council for the Canton of Le Portel : 2004–2007 (Resigned)
Agglomeration community council
Chairman of the Boulonnais Agglomeration Community : 2008–2012 (Resignation).
Vice-chairman of the Boulonnais Agglomeration Community : 1996–2008 (Re-elected in 2001)
Member Boulonnais Agglomeration Community : Since 1996. Re-elected in 2001, 2008.
Municipal council
Mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer : 2002–2012 (Resignation). Re-elected in 2008
Deputy mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer : 1996–2002 (Re-elected in 2001)
Member of Boulogne-sur-Mer Municipal Council : since 1996 (Re-elected in 2001, 2008)
References
1968 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
People from Boulogne-sur-Mer
Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
6904106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Duck%20Factory | The Duck Factory | The Duck Factory is an American sitcom produced by MTM Enterprises that aired on NBC from April 12 until July 11, 1984. It was Jim Carrey's first lead role in a Hollywood production. It was also the only time when Don Messick appeared in live-action, although he also voiced a cartoon character in the sitcom as well. The show was set at a small independent animation studio, and was co-created by Allan Burns and Herbert Klynn. It won two Emmy Awards.
Background
Burns had started his career as a writer/animator for The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show and George of the Jungle, before turning to live action and co-creating The Mary Tyler Moore Show; Klynn had worked in various production capacities on Mr. Magoo and Gerald McBoing-Boing, amongst many other cartoons.
Overview
The premiere episode introduces Skip Tarkenton (Carrey), a somewhat naive and optimistic young man who has come to Hollywood looking for a job as a cartoonist. When he arrives at a low-budget animation company called Buddy Winkler Productions, he finds out Buddy Winkler has just died, and the company desperately needs new blood. So Skip gets an animation job at the firm, which is nicknamed "The Duck Factory" as their main cartoon is "The Dippy Duck Show".
Other Duck Factory employees seen regularly on the show were man-of-a-thousand-cartoon voices Wally Wooster (played by real-life cartoon voice artist Don Messick); cynical, sometimes lazy comedy writer Marty Fenneman (played by real-life comedy writer Jay Tarses); veteran artist and animator Brooks Carmichael (Jack Gilford); younger storyboard artist Roland Culp; sarcastic editor Andrea Lewin; and hard-nosed, penny-pinching business manager Aggie Aylesworth. Buddy Winkler Productions was now owned by Buddy's young, ditzy but good-hearted widow, Mrs. Sheree Winkler (Teresa Ganzel), a former topless ice dancer who had been married to Buddy for all of three weeks before his death.
Production
Seen in some episodes were clips from various "Dippy Duck" shows the Buddy Winkler crew were working on—sometimes fully animated, sometimes in pencil sketch or animatic form. The opening and closing credits were also animated. Series co-creator Klynn was also credited as the show's "creative animation consultant", while production of the actual animated material was done by Ted and Gerry Woolery for which each won an Emmy.
Show history
The Duck Factory lasted thirteen episodes; it premiered April 12, 1984. It was directed primarily by Gene Reynolds, Rod Daniel, and Victor Lobel, who each did three episodes. The show initially aired at 9:30 on Thursday nights, directly after Cheers (at the time, not yet a top ten hit; Cheers finished the 1983/84 television season in 34th place). The show replaced Buffalo Bill on NBC's schedule. Jay Tarses, an actor on The Duck Factory, had been the co-creator and executive producer of Buffalo Bill, which had its final network telecast on Thursday, April 5, 1984.
Episodes of The Duck Factory were shown out of the producers' intended order by NBC, leading to significant continuity problems with the series. Most notably, the eighth episode (in which Skip is promoted to being the producer of "The Dippy Duck Show", much to the resentment of the show's staff) was shown as episode 2. As broadcast, succeeding episodes ping-ponged between Skip being the show's producer, and Skip being the show's low-ranking apprentice animator, with no explanation as to the reason for the constant change of status. As well, what the producers had intended to air as the second episode (and which set up the continuing premise of the series) was shown as the thirteenth; Mrs. Winkler was the receptionist in second episode as broadcast, but then in the fourth episode she becomes the receptionist, etc.
The show changed timeslots in June, moving to Wednesdays at 9:30. The last original episode of The Duck Factory was broadcast on July 11, 1984.
Cast
Jim Carrey as Skip Tarkenton
Jack Gilford as Brooks Carmichael
Nancy Lane as Andrea Lewin
Jay Tarses as Marty Fenneman
Don Messick as Wally Wooster
Messick also voiced Dippy Duck
Julie Payne as Aggie Aylesworth
Clarence Gilyard Jr as Roland Culp
Teresa Ganzel as Mrs. Sheree Winkler
Episodes
US television ratings
Home media
In 1995, at the height of Carrey's career, two VHS videocassettes were released in the United States by MTM Home Video, one containing the first three episodes, the other the last three episodes. The two volumes were released in the United Kingdom in 1997 (Pictured above), slightly expanded to the first four and the last four episodes of the series (which had never been broadcast in the UK).
References
External links
First episode posted by The Museum of Classic Chicago Television on YouTube
All episodes on Internet Archive
NBC original programming
1984 American television series debuts
1984 American television series endings
1980s American sitcoms
1980s American workplace comedy television series
American television series with live action and animation
Animated television series about ducks
Television series about television
Television series by MTM Enterprises
Television shows set in Los Angeles |
44500684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Robert%20Poole | Gerald Robert Poole | Lieutenant General Gerald Robert Poole, (17 January 1868 – 20 October 1937) was a heavy artillery commander during the First World War with the Royal Marine Artillery and the Royal Garrison Artillery. He was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Marine Artillery between 1921 and 1922, and during this period also served as Marine aide-de-camp to King George V.
Early life
Gerald Poole was born on 17 January 1868 at Clifton. He was educated at Bedford Modern School where his father, Reverend Canon Robert Burton Poole became headmaster. From school he went to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and then proceeded to the Royal Marine Artillery as a probationary lieutenant.
Early career
Poole served as a gunnery officer on-board a number of Royal Navy ships including; HMS Imperious (Mediterranean and Vancouver Island 1894–99), HMS Irresistible (Mediterranean 1902–04), HMS Victory (Scapa Flow, 1912) and HMS Inflexible (Mediterranean 1912–14). He was promoted to captain in 1896 and major in 1908. From 1906–12 he was seconded to the Canadian Government as a gunnery instructor and commanded No. 3 (Heavy) Battery of the Royal Canadian Artillery.
First World War
In 1915 Poole was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed Commander of the Royal Marine Howitzer Brigade in France. From May 1916 he took command of the 26th Heavy Artillery Battery of the Royal Garrison Artillery although he maintained administrative command of the Royal Marine Brigade for the duration of the war. On occasions he would incorporate the Marine howitzers within the RGA battery, for example at the Battle of Vimy Ridge in April 1917. He was mentioned three times in the Despatches of the Commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1917 and awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1918.
Later career
Poole was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Royal Marine Artillery at Eastney in 1921, and ADC to the King in the same year. He was promoted to major general in 1922 and also appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He was made lieutenant general in 1924 and retired in 1925.
Personal life
On retirement Poole settled on Vancouver with his Canadian wife Gertrude; they had one son and one daughter. Poole was a keen musician and had served as Superintendent of the Royal Navy School of Music. He was also a fine horseman and became a proficient backwoodsman during his time in Canada. Gerald Poole died on 20 October 1937 in Vancouver.
References
1868 births
1937 deaths
People educated at Bedford Modern School
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Royal Marines generals of World War I
Royal Marines generals
Royal Garrison Artillery officers
Military personnel from Bristol |
44500691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio%20Sala | Emilio Sala | Emilio Sala may refer to:
Emilio Sala (painter) (1850–1910), Spanish painter
Emilio Sala (sculptor) (1864–1920), Italian-born Ukrainian sculptor
Emilio Grau Sala (1911–1975), Catalan painter |
17336221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20J.%20H.%20Wright | Christopher J. H. Wright | Christopher J. H. Wright (born 1947) is a missiologist, an Anglican clergyman and an Old Testament scholar. He is currently the International Ministries Director of Langham Partnership International. He was the principal of All Nations Christian College. He is an honorary member of All Souls Church, Langham Place in London, UK.
Life
Childhood and education
Wright was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 1947. His parents were missionaries in Brazil, though Chris as the youngest son was born after they came back at the end of the Second World War. He grew up in Belfast and was nurtured as an Irish Presbyterian. He studied classics at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge in the 1960s, and then started his career as a high-school teacher in Grosvenor High School, Belfast. In the 1970s he studied for his PhD at Cambridge University in Cambridge, England, in the field of Theology, specialising in Old Testament economic ethics; his book from this work was published as God's People in God's Land (Eerdmans and Paternoster).
Early professional experience
Wright was ordained in the Anglican Church of England in 1977 and served as an assistant pastor in the Parish Church of St. Peter & St. Paul, Tonbridge, Kent, England.
Foreign mission service
In 1983 Wright moved to India with his wife, Liz, and four children to teach at Union Biblical Seminary (UBS) in Pune for five years. At this time he and Liz were mission partners with Crosslinks, an evangelical Anglican mission agency. While at UBS he taught a variety of Old Testament courses at B.D. and M.Th. levels.
All Nations Christian College
In 1988 Wright returned to the UK as academic dean at All Nations Christian College, an international training centre for crosscultural mission. He was appointed principal there in September 1993 and held that post for eight years.
Current role
In September 2001 Wright was appointed to his present role as the International Ministries Director of the Langham Partnership International (LPI).
Wright and his wife belong to All Souls Church, Langham Place, where he enjoys preaching from time to time as a member of the ministry team. This is also the church, of course, where LPI's founder, John Stott, was rector emeritus.
Personal life
Wright enjoys running, birding and watching rugby football. He has a passion to bring to life the relevance of the Old Testament to Christian mission and ethics. He has written several books mostly on that area. He loves preaching and teaching the Bible, which he does now mostly through the Langham Preaching seminars in different parts of the world. When not travelling around the world for this ministry, and giving international leadership to LPI, Chris gives about three months of each year to his continuing writing projects.
Wright and his wife Liz live in London and have four adult children and 11 grandchildren.
He is of no relation to N.T. Wright
Writing
User's Guide to the Bible (Lion Manuals), Chariot Victor, 1984
God's People in God's Land: Family, Land and Property in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Exeter, UK: Paternoster, 1990
Knowing Jesus through the Old Testament, Harpercollins, 1990
Tested by Fire. Daniel 1-6: Solid Faith in today’s world, Scripture Union, 1993
Walking in the Ways of the Lord: The Ethical Authority of the Old Testament, Intervarsity Press, 1995
Deuteronomy (New International Biblical Commentary),Hendrickson, 1996
The Uniqueness of Jesus. Thinking Clearly Series. Mill Hill, London and Grand Rapids: Monarch. Reprint 2001. Available in the United States through Kregel Publications, P.O. Box 2607, Grand Rapids, MI 49501), 1997
The Message of Ezekiel (The Bible Speaks Today), Intervarsity Press, 2001
Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Leicester, England, and Downers Grove, Ill.: Inter-Varsity Press. Revised, updated and expanded version of Living as the People of God and An Eye for an Eye, 2004
The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible's Grand Narrative, IVP Academic, 2006
Life Through God's Word: Psalm 119, Milton Keynes, Authentic and Keswick Ministries, 2006
Knowing the Holy Spirit through the Old Testament, Oxford: Monarch Press; Downers Grove: IVP, 2006
Knowing God the Father Through the Old Testament, IVP Academic, 2007
Salvation Belongs to Our God: Celebrating the Bible's Central Story, Global Christian Library, Nottingham: IVP; Christian Doctrine in Global Perspective, Downers Grove: IVP, 2008
The God I Don't Understand: Reflections on Tough Questions of Faith, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009
Mission of God's People The (Biblical Theology for Life), Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010
Sweeter than Honey, Langham Preaching Resources, 2015
Becoming like Jesus, Langham Preaching Resources, 2016
How to Preach and Teach the Old Testament for All Its Worth, Zondervan Academic, 2016
Let the Gospels Preach the Gospel, Langham Preaching Resources, 2017
References
External links
Langham Partnership International
All Souls Church
1947 births
20th-century Anglican theologians
20th-century Church of England clergy
20th-century English theologians
British biblical scholars
English Anglican theologians
Evangelical Anglican biblical scholars
Evangelical Anglican clergy
Living people
Old Testament scholars
Clergy from Belfast
Bible commentators |
20474079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Lefebvre | Frédéric Lefebvre | Frédéric Lefebvre (; born 14 October 1963 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French politician who served as Secretary of State for Trade, Small and Medium Enterprises, Tourism, Services, Liberal professions and Consumption under the Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry, François Baroin, in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon. From 2008 to 2009 and from 2013 until 2017, he was a member of the National Assembly, representing the Hauts-de-Seine department. He is also the founder of l'Ame Nord, a non-profit organization dedicated to serve the interests of French residents living in the US and Canada.
Political career
Lefebvre was first elected to the National Assembly in the 2007 elections. In parliament, he served on the Finance Committee from 2007 until 2009. In 2008, he introduced an amendment to President Nicolas Sarkozy's immigration law to allow illegal foreign employees to apply for work permits if their employers can show they are important to the economy.
Lefebvre was the UMP's candidate in the for First constituency for French residents overseas (for French expatriates in Canada and the United States) in the 2012 legislative election, but lost against Corinne Narassiguin, who received 54.01% of the votes. On 15 February 2013, the Constitutional Council canceled the election and said Corinne Narassiguin ineligible. He topped the first round of the early parliamentary elections, and after the second round, 9 June 2013, he was elected against the Socialist candidate, Frank Scemama, with 53.72% of the vote. He subsequently served on the Defence Committee from 2013 until 2017.
Lefebvre was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary.
In the 2017 elections, Lefebvre lost his re-election race against Roland Lescure, the candidate of La République En Marche! (LREM); Lescure won 80 percent of the vote, to Lefebvre's 20 percent.
In November 2017, Lefebvre was among the co-founders of Agir and served as the party's vice-chairman. In 2019, however, he joined LREM.
References
External links
His official site
1963 births
Living people
People from Neuilly-sur-Seine
Politicians from Île-de-France
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Agir (France) politicians
Secretaries of State of France
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
La République En Marche! politicians
French lawyers |
20474091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Reiss | Frédéric Reiss | Frédéric Reiss (born 12 November 1949) is a French teacher and politician of the Republicans who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly of France since the 2002 elections, representing the Bas-Rhin department. On the local level, he is the mayor of Niederbronn-les-Bains, Bas-Rhin.
Political career
In parliament, Reiss has been serving on the Committee on Cultural Affairs and Education since 2002. In this capacity, he was the parliament's rapporteur on the national budget for research in 2020.
In addition to his committee assignments, Reiss is part of the French-Moldovan Parliamentary Friendship Group. In 2019, he also joined the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly.
Other activities
Franco-German Youth Office, Member of the Board of Directors
Political positions
Ahead of the 2017 elections, Reiss endorsed François Fillon as the Republican's candidate for president. Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, he publicly declared his support for Michel Barnier as the Republicans’ candidate. He did not seek re-election in the 2022 French legislative election.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Haguenau
Mayors of places in Grand Est
Radical Party (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
The Social Right
Modern and Humanist France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French people of German descent |
44500703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightly%20Piety | Knightly Piety | Knightly Piety refers to a specific strand of Christian belief espoused by knights during the Middle Ages. The term comes from Ritterfrömmigkeit, coined by Adolf Waas in his book Geschichte der Kreuzzüge. Many scholars debate the importance of knightly piety, however it is apparent as an important part of the chivalric ethos based on its appearance within the Geoffroi de Charny's "Book of Chivalry" as well as much of the popular literature of the time.
Origins
A relationship between Christ and warrior is first seen in secular sources dating back to Carolingian times. This is evident within the chansons de geste or songs of heroic deeds. Both the Chanson de Roland and the Chanson de Guillaume demonstrate Christian themes in their tales of the fight against the nonbeliever. Both have elements of an earthly as well as a spiritual fight. Thus by the time of the Chivalric Codes Christianity is already firmly entrenched within the warrior classes. Keen dedicates much of the credit to the effective teaching of the priesthood as well as the close relationship between the nobility and the monasteries.
However, the Catholic Church traditionally had an uneasy relationship with secular warriors dating back to the time of the Roman Empire. It was generally accepted by the Church that warfare and killing was sinful. During the later period of the Empire, theologian Augustine of Hippo wrote of a Just War in the City of God. In this theory he claimed it would be sinful not to defend God if there was no other way to resolve a conflict.
During the late tenth and early eleventh centuries the Church involved itself more with warfare. First came the Peace and Truce of God movements. This was one way for the Church to attempt to Christianize society while at the same time protect non-combatants. The movement promised severe punishments to those who broke this law. However, it was met with mixed success.
In 1095, Pope Urban II preached the First Crusade at Clermont. Here, the Church officially sanctioned lay knights fighting for the Faith when Urban said that any who fought would be absolved of their sins rather than tarnish their soul for killing. By this time knights were already concerned with their immortal soul enough to fight for the Church. By the time the Church began to accept warfare and create the idea of a holy war, piety had already become entrenched in the warfare of the lay knight. However, as the time of increasing church involvement was the formative period of the Chivalric Codes, it helped add another dynamic to the Ritterfrömmigkeit.
Ritterfrömmigkeit
Ritterfrömmigkeit is the unique strand of piety held by knights which is more than just a belief in God or fighting in defense of God. Marcus Bull said, "One of the most important features of the piety of eleventh-century arms-bearers was that it was associative, passive to the extent that it was inspired and sustained by the spiritual resources of a monastic or clerical élite." Bull's idea is that knights believed in God, and they supported the church not for personal worldly gain (this may have been a contributing factor but not the main factor) because of this belief and their desire for salvation. This is demonstrated in many ways.
Knights demonstrated this by not only fighting for God, but many times they would give trophies of war to a major church or monastery as sign of support. Some Burgundian Knights who fought in Spain promised all of their plunder to St. Odilo of Cluny. Keen said, "The richness of the Cluniac ritual and of monastic vestments and ceremony clearly had a powerful impact on the imagination of secular nobles." Many would also bring back relics from their fighting or even join a monastery themselves toward the end of their lives. In fact, it was common for a man to join a religious community he had supported in order to end his career as a way of retirement.
Those who could afford it would even provide money or land for a church as an act of patronage or send their younger children to monasteries as an act of oblation. The patron of a church held much power because he had the right to appoint the local priest. This could be used politically to gain favor with certain people or to further one's own family within the church. Because of the political favor this could gain a person, the purpose has been highly debated among academics. Elizabeth Gemmil wrote, "The use or abuse of patronage...was the driver of social mobility."
Knights and the Crusades
The Crusades are an important dynamic of Knightly Piety, and much of its historiography focuses on the Crusades and why knights were inspired to join them. A cleric of the church was expressly forbidden from killing and could not carry a weapon. As the Church became more militant, it needed a way to fight its battles. The preaching of the Crusade opened up the knighthood to be the tool of the Church.
The Church attempted to command the warrior classes to do its bidding. While the call for warriors to defend the Church became popular, the idea of the Church having control for the most part did not. This demonstrates that while knights believed in the defense of the church and God, they were secular and not part of the church. It distinguishes this strand of piety from that of the clergy, and shows that knights had independent and different roots.
However, there were some who did join the Church, and this led to the creation of a new type of order. These were the Christian military orders, like the Templars and Hospitaliers, separate from the regular knighthood. Members of these orders were knights who had taken vows to God and were part of the Church. However, they were also removed from the other aspects of chivalry so their devotion to God became the most important aspect of their life, and it focused less on the other chivalric virtues.
Literature
This view of knightly piety appears throughout the literature of the Middle Ages. While the details of the literature cannot be taken at face value, the appearance of Christianity in these works marks the importance piety to the warriors of the time. In Lohengrin, Christian prophesy and miracles are spread throughout the work which takes place during the Crusades. The Arthurian Legends are also full of references to God. In Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval, the Story of the Grail, Perceval has two mentors: his mother and Gornemant. Both of them tell Perceval to make sure he always went to church when he could when telling him how to be a knight. His mother told him this before he left along with telling him how to treat women. Gornemant told him this while teaching him how to fight. This demonstrates the importance of piety as much as the values of prowess, franchise, and Courtoisie. The eight knightly virtues drawn from the code of Chivalry are devotions, courtly manners, fellowship, piety, fairness, service, bravery and justice.
According to Schopenhauer in Parerga of his Aphorisms on the wisdom of life, he explains knightly honor as a code of honor distinct from Roman and Greek honor, which is specific to the upper-class, officers, service-men and military, and all those who closely imitate them to gain favor, he states the men of honor principles are:
Knightly honor consists not in other people's opinions of what we are worth, but in whether they express it or not. As soon as anyone utters something deprecatory of us, our honor is gone for ever unless we can gain honor. Honor is gained and renewed if title is bestowed by his service or deeds.
Honor rests, not on what a man does, but on what he suffers, the obstacles he encounters; differing from the honor which prevails in all else, in consisting, not in what he says or does himself, but in what another man says or does.
Honor has absolutely nothing to do with what a man may be in and for what in himself; or, again, with the question whether his moral character can ever become better or worse, and any such inquiries. If your honor happens to be attacked it can be restored in its entirety in a duel.
To receive an insult is disgraceful; to give one, honorable. Note: The inverse strongly promotes vice, giving way to vice-respect and further disincentive to collectivist action and welfare.
The highest court to which a man can appeal in any differences he may have with another on a point of honor is the court of physical force, that is, of brutality or might. Note: knights by this time tended towards lightness and warrior skill over armor.
The only word one may not break is the word of honor – upon my honor, as people say – the presumption being that every other form of promise, oath or pact may be broken. Although one may even break one's word of honor and still remain honorable through a duel, fighting with those who maintain that we pledged our word.
Military class
The military class is a feudal society loose hierarchy, which evolved from a kingship to better serve the realm by formal religious, Catholic guidance or military tribunal. Examples include the Kshatriya or Martial castes in ancient and modern India, the Khalsa class of Sikhism in the Punjab, the samurai class in feudal Japan, the Timawa and Maharlika classes in pre-colonial Philippines and noble knights in feudal Europe.
See also
Modesty#Catholicism
Adoration
Communion Fellowship
Discipline
Fidelity
Knight-service
Chivalric order
Germanic idealism
Teutonic Knight order
Gallantry
Courtly love
References
Chivalry
Medieval philosophy |
20474097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Starcke%20House%20%28703%20Main%20Street%29 | Richard Starcke House (703 Main Street) | The Richard Starcke House is a historic house located at 703 Main Street, Bastrop, Texas, United States. The house was built in 1913 by Richard Starcke, a prominent Bastrop businessman, for himself and his wife Mary.
The house is a clapboard covered modified American Foursquare design with some Victorian architecture, American Craftsman and Prairie School elements incorporated.
In 1931, Richard died. Mary remained in the home. Upon her death in 1961, the house passed through several owners and, in 1966, into bank foreclosure. The house was purchased at auction by Lt. Col. Johnnie Zinn and Ernestine Moncure Zinn. The house served as the Zinn's home until 1987 and entered the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978.
Carla and Chris Dickson subsequently purchased the house in 1994 and operated "The Colony Bed and Breakfast" until the death of Mrs. Dickson in 2005. Julie Hart and Paula Pate purchased the house in 2007 and reopened it in May, 2008 as the "Magnolia Inn Bed and Breakfast".
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bastrop County, Texas
References
Houses in Bastrop County, Texas
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Bastrop County, Texas
Houses completed in 1913
1913 establishments in Texas |
20474107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique%20Massat | Frédérique Massat | Frédérique Massat (born 14 January 1964) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented the Ariège department, and is a member of the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left.
References
National Assembly of France profile
1964 births
Living people
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians |
20474118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Halicarnassus | Siege of Halicarnassus | The Siege of Halicarnassus was fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 334 BC. Alexander, who had no navy, was constantly being threatened by the Persian navy. It continuously attempted to provoke an engagement with Alexander, who would not oblige them. Eventually, the Persian fleet sailed to Halicarnassus, in order to establish a new defense. Ada of Caria, the former queen of Halicarnassus, had been driven from her throne by her younger brother Pixodarus of Caria. When Pixodarus died, Persian King Darius had appointed Orontobates satrap of Caria, which included Halicarnassus in its jurisdiction. On the arrival of Alexander in 334 BC, Ada, who was in possession of the fortress of Alinda, surrendered the fortress to him.
Orontobates and Memnon of Rhodes entrenched themselves in Halicarnassus. Alexander had sent spies to meet with dissidents inside the city, who had promised to open the gates and allow Alexander to enter. When his spies arrived, however, the dissidents were nowhere to be found. A small battle resulted, and Alexander's army managed to break through the city walls. Memnon, however, now deployed his catapults, and Alexander's army fell back. Memnon then deployed his infantry, and shortly before Alexander would have received his first defeat, his infantry managed to break through the city walls, surprising the Persian forces. Memnon, realizing the city was lost, set fire to it and withdrew with his army. Strong winds caused the fire to destroy much of the city.
Alexander committed the government of Caria to Ada; and she, in turn, formally adopted Alexander as her son, ensuring that the rule of Caria passed unconditionally to him upon her eventual death. During her husband's tenure as satrap, Ada had been loved by the people of Caria. By putting Ada, who felt very favorably towards Alexander, on the throne, he ensured that the government of Caria, as well as its people, remained loyal to him.
Sources
Cartledge, Paul. Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past. Woodstock, NY; New York: The Overlook Press, 2004 (hardcover, ); London: PanMacmillan, 2004 (hardcover, ); New York: Vintage, 2005 (paperback, ).
Halicarnassus
Halicarnassus
334 BC
History of Muğla Province
330s BC conflicts
Bodrum
Halicarnassus |
17336241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandid%20Jaiyen | Bandid Jaiyen | Bandid Jaiyen is a former badminton player who won numerous Thai national titles and also excelled internationally between the late 1960s and the early 1980s.
Career
Thailand's leading singles player for a decade, the diminutive Jaiyen performed exceptionally well in Thomas Cup (men's international team) competition. He played a leading role in Thailand's upset win over Malaysia in Asian zone final of the 1973 Thomas Cup series. Noted for his exquisite strokes and tactical astuteness, he was the only player to win a match against an Indonesian opponent in the 1976 Thomas Cup series, and was one of only two to do so in the 1973 series. Among other international tournaments, Jaiyen won the South East Asian Peninsular singles title in 1975, the Canadian Open singles title in 1976, and the Auckland International singles title in 1977.
Achievements
Asian Games
Mixed doubles
Asian Championships
Men's singles
Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
Men's singles
Men's doubles
International tournaments
Men's singles
Men's doubles
Mixed doubles
References
Bandid Jaiyen
Living people
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Badminton players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 1970 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 1974 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 1978 Asian Games
Bandid Jaiyen
Bandid Jaiyen
Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games
Bandid Jaiyen
Southeast Asian Games medalists in badminton
Competitors at the 1973 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1950 births |
20474120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20H.%20A.%20Tremenheere | J. H. A. Tremenheere | James Henry Apperley Tremenheere (30 October 1853 – 28 October 1912) was an Indian-born English colonial official and cricketer. His report recommended that the British government should allot lands for the Scheduled Castes to overcome the social discrimination they faced. These lands were later identified as Depressed Class condition lands (பஞ்சமி நிலம்).
Life
He was the son of Charles William Tremenheere. He was born in Poona, and educated in England at Lancing College, where he played cricket for the school.
He passed the entry examination for the Indian Civil Service in 1873, and completed his training in 1875. He arrived in India in November 1875, and worked first in Madras. He was moved to Mysore in 1883, but was later returned to Madras.
In 1891 Tremenheere was Collector for Chingleput, and reported on the depressed castes, at a time of local famine. He described the poor condition of a group of Paraiyars at Senneri. He suggested improving their position with respect to land ownership. He took into account the report of his predecessor, Lee Warner, and attributed the social problem he met to the mirasi system. The report's conclusions, however, were resisted by the Board of Revenue. Tremenheere became Collector and magistrate at Kistna in 1894. He was appointed Collector for the Niligris in 1896.
Tremenheere retired in 1901. He died in Scotland, at Inglismaldie Castle in Edzell and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey.
Cricket
J.H.A. Tremenheere was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm round-arm medium pace bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He made a single first-class appearance, during the 1872 season, aged just 18, against Surrey. From the lower order, he scored 7 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as his team secured a win by an innings margin.
Works
The Lesbia of Catullus (1897), translator
Family
Tremenheere married Jessie Retallack van Anken.
Notes
1853 births
1912 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Burials at Brookwood Cemetery |
44500711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villiers%20family | Villiers family | The Villiers family ( ) is one of the United Kingdom's preeminent aristocratic families. Over time, various members of the Villiers family were made knights, baronets and peers. Peerages held by the Villiers family include the dukedoms of Buckingham (1623–1687) and Cleveland (1670–1709), as well as the earldoms of Anglesey (1623–1661), Jersey (since 1697) and Clarendon (since 1776). Perhaps the most prominent members of the family were those who received the two dukedoms: George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592–1628) rose to fame and influence as favourite of King James I of England, while Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland (1640–1709) became a mistress of King Charles II of England, by whom she had five children.
History
Descent
The Villiers family was settled at Brooksby, Leicestershire, from at least 1235. In the early 13th century, the tenant of Brooksby, Gilbert de Seis, married a member of the Villiers family, a line of minor gentry of Norman descent. The estate remained in Villiers hands for the next 500 years. At this time Brooksby consisted of the hall, the nearby Church of St Michael and All Angels, Brooksby, a small number of peasants' houses and a field system with common land.
In the 16th century, the family was represented by George Villiers († 1606), a minor gentleman who is said to have been a "prosperous sheep farmer". He was High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 1591, and a Knight of the shire for the county from 1604 until his death. He was knighted in 1593.
Sir George Villiers was married twice, and left nine surviving children. Among the children from his first marriage were the eldest son, Sir William Villiers, 1st Baronet († 1629), who became the ancestor of the Villiers baronets; Edward († 1626), who became Master of the Mint and President of Munster; a daughter who married into the Boteler family; and another who married into the Washington family. Among the children from Sir George Villiers' second marriage to Mary (née Beaumont, † 1632) were George († 1628), the favourite of King James I of England who was eventually created Duke of Buckingham, and his sister Susan († 1652), who married the 1st Earl of Denbigh. According to Thomson, Sir George Villiers is an ancestor of sixteen British prime ministers, from the 3rd Duke of Grafton to David Cameron.
Rise to wealth and influence
In August 1614, the then twenty-one-year-old George Villiers became the favourite of King James I of England, and remained in this position until the king's death in 1625. Under James's patronage, Villers advanced rapidly through the ranks of the nobility. In 1615 he was knighted as a Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and in 1616 elevated to the peerage as Baron Whaddon and Viscount Villiers. He was made Earl of Buckingham in 1617, then Marquess of Buckingham in 1618, and eventually Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham in 1623. Buckingham was the king's constant companion and closest advisor. Even after James I's death, Buckingham remained at the height of royal favour under Charles I, until he was assassinated in 1628. Buckingham was buried in Westminster Abbey, while his titles passed to his son George (1628–1687), upon whose death they became extinct.
Continuing influence
As a royal favourite during the reigns of James I and Charles I, Buckingham used his enormous political influence to prodigiously enrich his relatives and advance their social positions, which soured public opinion towards him. Under his influence, several members of his immediate family were made knights, baronets and peers. His half-brother Edward († 1626) was knighted in 1616, while his mother was created Countess of Buckingham in her own right in 1618 and his eldest half-brother William († 1629) was created a baronet in 1619. Two of Buckingham's other brothers were similarly honoured when John († 1658) was created Baron Villiers of Stoke and Viscount Purbeck in 1619, and Christopher († 1630) was created Baron Villiers of Daventry and Earl of Anglesey in 1623.
Sir Edward Villiers († 1626) married Barbara St John, daughter of Sir John St John († 1594) of Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire, by whom he had ten children. Villiers' wife was the niece of Oliver St John, who was created Viscount Grandison in 1623. Grandison had no issue, so the Duke of Buckingham arranged for his half-brother's sons to inherit that title. Sir Edward Villiers's eldest son, William († 1643), thus succeeded as second Viscount Grandison in 1630. He was the father of Barbara Villiers († 1709), one of the mistresses of King Charles II, by whom she had five children, and who was created Duchess of Cleveland in 1670.
Sir Edward Villiers's second and third sons, John († c.1661) and George († 1699), succeeded as 3rd and 4th Viscounts Grandison, while the fourth son, Sir Edward Villiers († 1689), was father of Edward Villiers († 1711), who was created both Baron Villiers and Viscount Villiers in 1691 as well as Earl of Jersey in 1697. The 1st Earl of Jersey's sister, Elizabeth Villiers († 1733), was the presumed mistress of King William III of England from 1680 until 1695. Thomas Villiers († 1786), the second son of the 2nd Earl of Jersey, was created Baron Hyde and Earl of Clarendon in 1776.
On the death of the 4th Viscount Grandison in 1699, the title passed to his grandson, the 5th Viscount. He was the son of Brigadier-General the Hon. Edward Villiers († 1693), eldest son of the 4th Viscount. In 1721 the 5th Viscount Grandison was created Earl Grandison. Upon his death in 1766, the earldom became extinct while the viscountcy passed to his second cousin William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey, who became the 6th Viscount Grandison. In 1746 Elizabeth Mason, daughter of the 1st Earl Grandison, was created Viscountess Grandison, and in 1767 she was made Viscountess Villiers and Countess Grandison. All three titles became extinct on the death of the 2nd Earl Grandison in 1800.
Theresa Villiers (born 1968), a British Conservative Party politician and former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, is a descendant of Edward Ernest Villiers (1806–1843), a son of George Villiers († 1827) and brother of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon.
Members of the family
Earls of Buckingham (1618)
Mary Villiers, Countess of Buckingham (1570–1632)
Villiers baronets (1619)
Sir William Villiers, 1st Baronet (–1629)
Sir George Villiers, 2nd Baronet (1620–1682)
Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet (1645–1712)
Viscounts Purbeck (1619)
John Villiers, 1st Viscount Purbeck (c. 1591–1658)
Viscounts Grandison (1623)
Oliver St John, 1st Viscount Grandison (–1630)
William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (1614–1643)
John Villiers, 3rd Viscount Grandison (died )
George Villiers, 4th Viscount Grandison (–1699)
John Villiers, 5th Viscount Grandison, 1st Earl Grandison (1692–1766), after whom the title passed to the 3rd Earl of Jersey
William Villiers, 6th Viscount Grandison, 3rd Earl of Jersey (died 1769), after which the title remained merged with that of Earl of Jersey
Earls of Anglesey (1623)
Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey (d. 1630)
Charles Villiers, 2nd Earl of Anglesey (d. 1661)
Dukes of Buckingham (1623)
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592–1628)
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (1628–1687)
Dukes of Cleveland (1670)
Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland (1641–1709)
Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland (1662–1730)
William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland (1698–1774)
Earls of Jersey (1697)
Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey (1656–1711)
William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey (d. 1721)
William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey (d. 1769)
George Bussy Villiers, 4th Earl of Jersey (1735–1805)
George Child Villiers, 5th Earl of Jersey (1773–1859)
George Augustus Frederick Child Villiers, 6th Earl of Jersey (1808–1859)
Victor Albert George Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey (1845–1915)
George Henry Robert Child Villiers, 8th Earl of Jersey (1873–1923)
George Francis Child Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey (1910–1998)
(George Francis) William Child Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey (b. 1976)
Earls Grandison (1746)
Elizabeth Mason, 1st Countess Grandison (died 1782)
George Mason-Villiers, 2nd Earl Grandison (1751–1800)
Earls of Clarendon (1776)
Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1709–1786)
Thomas Villiers, 2nd Earl of Clarendon (1753–1824)
John Charles Villiers, 3rd Earl of Clarendon (1757–1838)
George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (1800–1870)
Edward Hyde Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon (1846–1914)
George Herbert Hyde Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon (1877–1955)
George Frederick Laurence Hyde Villiers, 7th Earl of Clarendon (1933–2009)
George Edward Laurence Villiers, 8th Earl of Clarendon (b. 1976)
Notable marriages
Edith Villiers became Countess Lytton and the Vicereine of India.
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham († 1628), son of Sir George Villiers († 1606), married in 1620, against her father's objections, Lady Katherine Manners, later suo jure Baroness de Ros, daughter of the 6th Earl of Rutland.
Elizabeth Villiers († 1654), daughter of Sir George Villiers († 1606), married John Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler of Brantfield.
Anne Villiers († 1588), daughter of Sir George Villiers († 1606), married Sir William Washington (1590-1648), brother of Lawrence Washington, great-great-grandfather of George Washington.
John Villiers, 1st Viscount Purbeck († 1658), son of Sir George Villiers († 1606), married Frances Coke, daughter of Sir Edward Coke by his second wife, Elizabeth Cecil, daughter of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter.
Susan Villiers († 1652), daughter of Sir George Villiers († 1606), married William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, parents-in-law to James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton.
William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison († 1643), married Mary Bayning, daughter and heiress of Paul Bayning, 1st Viscount Bayning.
Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland († 1709), daughter of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, married in 1659, against his family's wishes, Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine.
Elizabeth Villiers († 1733), daughter of Sir Edward Villiers († 1689), married in 1695 George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney.
George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon († 1870) married Lady Katherine Foster-Barham, daughter of James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam.
Constance Villiers († 1922), daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, married Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby.
Alice Villiers († 1897), daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, married Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of Lathom.
Emily Theresa Villiers († 1927), daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, married Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill.
Henry Montagu Villiers († 1908), son of Henry Montagu Villiers, married firstly Victoria Russell, daughter of John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, and secondly Charlotte Louisa Emily Cadogan, granddaughter of both George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan and Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey.
Gertrude Villiers († 1906), daughter of Henry Montagu Villiers, married Berkeley Paget, a great-grandson of Henry Bayly Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge.
Other notable members
Edward Villiers († 1693), eldest son of George Villiers, 4th Viscount Grandison and his wife Mary, daughter of Francis Leigh, 1st Earl of Chichester. In 1677, he married the heiress Katherine FitzGerald, through whom he gained substantial property in County Waterford. He adopted the surname FitzGerald-Villiers to reflect this inheritance. Their children included John, later 5th Viscount and 1st Earl Grandison, and Harriet, who married Robert Pitt and was the mother of William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham.
George Villiers († 1827), politician. He was the third son of Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon.
Thomas Hyde Villiers († 1832), politician. He was a son of George Villiers († 1827).
Henry Montagu Villiers († 1861), Bishop of Carlisle in 1856 and Bishop of Durham from 1860 to 1861. He was a son of George Villiers († 1827).
Charles Pelham Villiers († 1898) politician. He was a son of George Villiers († 1827).
James Villiers (1933–1998), actor. The grandson of Sir Francis Hyde Villiers and great-grandson of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon; his mother was descended from Earl Talbot.
Theresa Villiers (born 1968), politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (2012–2016). She is a direct male-line descendant of George Villiers († 1827).
Christopher Villiers (born 1960), actor. Descendant of Henry Montagu Villiers.
Charles Villiers, born 1963, publisher, and direct descendant of Sir Edward Villiers, half-brother of the Duke of Buckingham, was the Appellant in the Villiers vs Villiers divorce case in the UK Supreme Court - the first time in 200 years (since the failed marriage of George IV to Queen Caroline in 1820) that the UK government has intervened in a marital dispute at the highest court.
Members of the Order of the Garter
Several members of the Villiers family have also been knights of the Order of the Garter. The following is a list is of all Villiers members of this order, across all branches of the family, along with their year of investiture.
1616 – George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
1649 – George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
1849 – George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
1937 – George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon
References
Noble families of the United Kingdom |
17336267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Mike | Mrs. Mike | Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan is a novel by Benedict and Nancy Freedman set in the Canadian wilderness during the early 1900s. Considered by some a young-adult classic, Mrs. Mike was initially serialized in the Atlantic Monthly and was the March 1947 selection of the Literary Guild. It was a critical and popular success, with 27 non-US editions, and it was published as an Armed Services Edition for U.S. servicemen abroad. The work combines the landscape and hardships of the Canadian North with the love story of Royal Canadian Mounted Police Sergeant Mike Flannigan and the young Katherine Mary O'Fallon, newly arrived from Boston, Massachusetts.
Plot
The novel is based on the stories of Katherine Mary O'Fallon Flannigan (1899-1954). According to her fictionalized account, in 1907 at age 16 O'Fallon travels to Calgary to visit her uncle and recover from pleurisy. There she meets and marries Mike Flannigan, a sergeant with the Royal North-West Mounted Police, moving with him to isolated posts in the mountain and lake regions of British Columbia and northern Alberta (Lesser Slave Lake). In the novel the Flannigans' two children die of diphtheria, and they adopt three orphaned children.
Reception
Feeling that her story should be made into a film, Flannigan went to Los Angeles in 1945. Although it attracted little attention, an agent felt the story might be suitable for a book and introduced her to the Freedmans. Based on a five-page outline, extended interviews and their research, they wrote a novel based on Flannigan's story. Late in life they reaffirmed that aspects of Flannigan's life were fictionalized, including her adoption of three children, and after Sgt. Flannigan's death in 1944 from a ruptured appendix Katherine Mary Flannigan left the North. According to Benedict Freedman, "The most important scenes—for example, when she leaves Mike and goes back to Boston—we didn't invent that. But we also didn't check her account of things."
A 1947 review of Mrs. Mike by RCMP member C.D. LaNauze, stationed in Grouard at the time of the story, noted a number of discrepancies. A journey allegedly requiring "weeks on the trail" was actually an "easy five-day journey", according to LaNauze; there was no diphtheria epidemic (and Grouard was served by a doctor at the time), and confirmed bachelor George Adams—not a Michael Flannigan—was the RCMP sergeant. LaNauze said, "Nothing in [the book] even approaches the truth".
A film version, with Evelyn Keyes as Katherine Mary and Dick Powell as Mike, was released in 1949. Flannigan sued its producers and the Freedmans for $25,000, but the suit was dismissed because she had a legal claim against the authors only (not the producers). The Freedmans published two sequels to Mrs. Mike: The Search for Joyful in 2002 and Kathy Little Bird in 2003.
Katherine Mary Flannigan married John P. Knox, and lived in Vancouver. In 1951 she published The Faith of Mrs. Kelleen, set in 1880s Ireland and based on the life of her great-aunt. Flannigan died on August 8, 1954, while visiting family and friends in Calgary.
John Henry Crosman adapted the novel into a newspaper comic adaptation, in the 1940s.
Publication history
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan, Coward-McCann & Geoghegan (January 1, 1947), ASIN: B0007F29J8
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan. Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1947.
Mrs. Mike, Paperback, Berkley (MM); Reissue edition (Jan 17 2002),
References
1947 American novels
Biographical novels
Canadian young adult novels
Fiction set in the 1900s
Novels set in Alberta
American novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into comics
Novels set in British Columbia
Coward-McCann books |
17336319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burntheath | Burntheath | Burntheath is a hamlet in Derbyshire, England. It is located 1 mile north of Hilton, and adjacent to the A50 road.
Hamlets in Derbyshire
South Derbyshire District |
20474185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellagonga%20Regional%20Park | Yellagonga Regional Park | Yellagonga Regional Park is in Perth, Western Australia, in the City of Wanneroo and the City of Joondalup. The park was established in 1989 by the Western Australian government and protects of land, including of Wanneroo wetlands – including Lake Joondalup, Beenup Swamp, Walluburnup Swamp and Lake Goollelal.
The park contains heritage buildings, including Perry's Cottage, Cockman House and Luisini Winery, and recreation areas such as Neil Hawkins Park. It is named after Yellagonga, leader of the Mooro people.
History
Under the Perth Metropolitan Region Scheme, much of the park's area was reserved in 1975. The park was named Yellagonga Regional Park in 1990, in honour of the regional Whadjuk Noongar leader during European settlement, Yellagonga. For local Aboriginal people the area forms part of their Dreaming. The site also has historical significance related to the development of the City of Wanneroo.
Geography and species
Yellagonga Regional Park consists of high elevation sloping dunes, separated by interdunal swales that contain the park's lakes and wetlands. The western side of the park is quite steep, with a central plateau of up to elevation. The eastern and southern parts of the park have a gentler slope towards Lake Goollelal and Walluburnup Swamp.
In 1996, the Department of Environmental Protection identified 217 species of flora, including 103 introduced species. The park has no recorded species of Declared Rare Flora but does have significant species, such as Jacksonia sericea, Conostylis bracteata, Hibbertia cuneiformis, Amyema miquelii, Lechenaultia linarioides and Ricinocarpus glaucus.
Over 120 bird species have been recorded in the park, with 18 species using the park for breeding grounds. A number of the recorded species are migratory birds recognised under international agreements. Three species of birds found in the park (Carnaby's cockatoo, Australasian bittern and peregrine falcon) are protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950.
The impact of humans on Yellagonga National Park is extensive in areas. Many areas were previously used for farming and these are still being rehabilitated. The grassed parkland areas have led to the invasion of natural areas by aggressive introduced grass species, and weeds are also an issue. Development of roads, utilities (such as power lines and drainage outlets) and service corridors has degraded the natural landscape. Erosion is also a problem in areas, caused by tracks and pathways created by pedestrians in unsuitable locations such as slopes.
Historical significance
The park contains three locations listed on the Western Australian Heritage Register: Perry's Paddock, Cockman House and Luisini Winery. Two native title claims have also been made on areas of the park by Aboriginal Australians.
Perry's Paddock, at Lot 1 Ocean Reef Road, is a registered heritage site. Land tenure is held by the Western Australian Planning Commission and it is part of the City of Wanneroo. Perry's Paddock is notable because it is the location of Wanneroo's first land grant, surveyed in 1838, and Picnic Race Days were held at the site in the 1920s. Perry's Cottage was built around 1850 and is an example of a building based on an English design adapted to local conditions. The cottage was restored in 2012.
The paddock used to contain the original Wanneroo Primary School building. This was moved to the site by the City of Wanneroo in 1992 as part of a planned historical village that did not go ahead. In 2007 the City of Wanneroo approved moving the school building to Neville Park at a cost of approximately $250,000, after concerns about bushfires at Yellagonga Regional Park. The move was completed on 10 March 2009.
Cockman House is a house built for settler James Cockman around 1870, and it is the oldest residence in Wanneroo. Luisini Winery, located on Lakeway Drive in Kingsley, was built in 1929.
There are two heritage trails within Yellagonga Regional Park, the Lake Joondalup Trail and the Yaberoo-Budjara Heritage Trail. The Lake Joondalup Trail explores the development of Wanneroo, and the Yaberoo-Budjara Trail between Lake Joondalup and Yanchep National Park explores areas of significance to Aboriginal Australians and European settlement.
Development
There have been ongoing proposals for developments in Yellagonga Regional Park. The City of Joondalup and the City of Wanneroo commissioned a feasibility study for an environment centre at the park in 2007. The study recommended the environment centre's placement at Lot 1 Lakeside Drive, Joondalup or Scenic Drive, Wanneroo. The City of Joondalup called for additional consultation and studies in March 2008, particularly on the financing the construction and running of the environment centre and its education programs.
The National Trust has proposed redeveloping Luisini Winery to create a museum of early winemaking and wine appreciation. Their proposal, which also includes a restaurant, environment centre and car park, was approved by the City of Joondalup on 27 March 2007.
The park was allocated funds by the Department of Environment and Conservation in September 2008 to build roads, a shelter, and bicycle and pedestrian paths.
References
External links
Parks and Wildlife Service: Yellagonga Regional Park
Heritage places of Western Australia
Joondalup
Wanneroo wetlands
1989 establishments in Australia
Parks in Perth, Western Australia
Regional parks in Western Australia |
23576279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ume%C4%91e | Šumeđe | Šumeđe is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
20474244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leech%20Maskrey | Leech Maskrey | Samuel Leech Maskrey (February 11, 1854 – April 1, 1922) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played five seasons in the majors, from 1882 to 1886, for the Louisville Eclipse/Colonels and Cincinnati Red Stockings. His brother, Harry Maskrey, was his teammate on the 1882 Eclipse.
After spending the 1887 to 1889 seasons playing minor league baseball, Maskrey was part of a contingent sent to England in 1890 by Albert Spalding at the behest of the newly-formed professional National League of Baseball of Great Britain. This organization had sent a letter to the American Spalding requesting help in establishing a league. They requested eight to ten players to coach and convert the existing players (whose primary game was usually soccer). Spalding sent a skilled manager, Jim Hart, along with players Maskrey, William J. Barr, Charles Bartlett, and J. E. Prior. Maskrey was the only one of the players who had played in the majors to that point, and he stayed there for one season as a player-manager of Preston North End.
Following his sojourn in England, Maskrey returned to the U.S. minor leagues in 1891, where he played for the Tacoma team in the Pacific Northwestern League. After spending the 1892 season with the Atlanta Firecrackers of the Southern Association, part of which he spent as a player-manager, he retired and went into the hotel business with his brother Harry.
References
External links
1854 births
1922 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Louisville Eclipse players
Louisville Colonels players
Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA) players
Topeka Capitals players
Milwaukee Cream Citys players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Des Moines Prohibitionists players
Atlanta Firecrackers players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
People from Mercer, Pennsylvania |
20474314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%27s%20Bay%20Trading%20Company | Hudson's Bay Trading Company | Hudson's Bay Trading Company, L.P. was an American portfolio company for NRDC Equity Partners, a private equity company. Hudson's Bay Trading Company was founded in 2008.
NRDC Equity Partners was founded by Robert Baker and Richard Baker of National Realty and Development Corp., and William Mack and Lee Neibart of AREA Property Partners. Richard Baker served as President CEO of NRDC Equity Partners.
On January 23, 2012, The Financial Post reported that Baker had dissolved Hudson’s Bay Trading Co., and Toronto-based Hudson's Bay Company will now operate both The Bay and Lord & Taylor. This new entity will be run by The Bay CEO Bonnie Brooks. CEO Brendan Hoffman will leave Lord & Taylor and take over as CEO at the department store chain Bon Ton. Baker will remain governor and CEO of the business and Donald Watros will stay on as chief operating officer.
Assets
Canada
Hudson's Bay Company, a Canadian retail company consisting of:
The Bay, a high-end department store chain
Zellers, a mass-market department store
Home Outfitters, a home decor retailer
Fields, a variety store chain
United States
Lord & Taylor, a high-end department store chain
References
External links
NRDC Equity Partners
National Realty & Development Corp.
AREA Property Partners
Lord & Taylor
Hbc Department Stores
Hudson's Bay Company
Retail companies established in 2008
Retail companies disestablished in 2012
Retail companies based in New York City
Holding companies of Canada
Holding companies established in 2008
Holding companies disestablished in 2012
Holding companies of the United States |
17336327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimson%20Creek | Krimson Creek | Krimson Creek is the second studio album and third solo release overall by Boondox. It was released on May 13, 2008 on Psychopathic Records. The liner notes included with the album contained excerpts from all 15 tracks on the album, also included was a foldout poster featuring a larger, complete depiction of the cover art.
Music and lyrics
Krimson Creek is a more personal work than The Harvest, with songs inspired by events from Boondox' life, including an incident in which his uncle tried to kill him by drowning him in a swimming pool, getting into fights at his school and experiments with drugs. The final track, "Death of a Hater", was inspired by negative reactions to his music. "I’ve read things where I’ve had people say, 'I hate him. I hope he dies. I hope his kids die' [...] I pretty much wrote a song about what I would do to those people."
Reception
Allrovi wrote, "For lovers of gore-drenched rap-rock, KRIMSON CREEK will satisfy."
The album peaked at number 1 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers, number 13 on the magazine's Top Independent Albums chart, and number 113 on the Billboard 200.
Track listing
Personnel
Vocals, Lyrics
Boondox
Violent J - (5)
Insane Clown Posse - (7)
Monoxide Child - (14)
Blaze Ya Dead Homie - (14)
Jamie Madrox - (15)
Production (music by)
Boondox - (1)
Kuma - (1, 3, 6, 9, 14, 15)
Mike E. Clark - (2, 4, 8, 13)
Tino Grosse - (2, 13)
Darkeonz - (5)
Eric Davie - (7)
Violent J - (10)
Scott Sumner - (11)
Underrated - (12)
Other Production (Engineered by)
Eric Davie - (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
Dr. Punch - (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
Charts
References
External links
2008 albums
Albums produced by Joseph Bruce
Albums produced by Mike E. Clark
Boondox albums
Psychopathic Records albums |
17336355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Black%20%28judge%29 | Michael Black (judge) | Michael Eric John Black (born 22 March 1940) is a former Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.
Background and career
Black was born in Egypt, where his father was serving as an officer in the Royal Air Force. He attended schools in Egypt, England, and Australia (Wesley College, Melbourne). He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Melbourne in 1963.
In 1964, Black commenced practice at the Victorian Bar. His practice included civil jury actions as well as commercial and public law cases.
Black was appointed Queen's Counsel for Victoria in 1980 and for Tasmania in 1984. As Queen's Counsel, he specialised in appellate work, including cases in constitutional, commercial and industrial law. One of the constitutional cases was the Tasmanian Dam Case in 1983, where he represented the Tasmanian Wilderness Society.
Judicial and later career
He was appointed Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia on 1 January 1991. As Chief Justice, he had, as well as his judicial duties, statutory responsibility for the administration of the Court.
In 1981, he was appointed the Foundation Chairman of the Victorian Bar's Readers Course, the Bar's pioneering course of instruction for new barristers, and later served as the representative of the Victorian Bar on the Board of the Leo Cussen Institute for Continuing Legal Education. As Chief Justice, he actively supported the Federal Court's work in the field of judicial education. He was also Chair of the Advisory Committee for introduction of the Juris Doctor degree at Melbourne Law School.
Honours
On Australia Day, 1998, he was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for service to the law, to the legal profession and to the judiciary. He retired as Chief Justice on 21 March 2010 and was succeeded by the Hon Patrick Keane.
Personal life
His interests outside the law include architecture, history, and maritime matters.
References
External links
Transcripts of Federal Court farewell sittings
Former Justices of the Federal Court of Australia
1940 births
Living people
Chief Justices of the Federal Court of Australia
Judges of the Federal Court of Australia
Queen's Counsel 1901–2000
Australian Queen's Counsel
Australian barristers
Companions of the Order of Australia
People educated at Wesley College (Victoria)
Melbourne Law School alumni
British expatriates in Australia
British emigrants to Australia |
20474364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamanian%20night%20monkey | Panamanian night monkey | The Panamanian night monkey or Chocoan night monkey (Aotus zonalis) is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae. Its range consists of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia. There are also unconfirmed reports of its occurrence in Costa Rica, especially on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The species definitely occurs in the Atlantic lowlands of Panama close to the Costa Rica border.
The exact classification of the Panamanian Night Monkey is uncertain. While some authors consider it a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey, A. lemurinus, other authors follow a study by Thomas Defler from 2001, which concluded that it is a separate species, A. zonalis.
The Panamanian night monkey is a relatively small monkey, with males weighing approximately and females weighing about . The fur on the back ranges from grayish brown to reddish brown. The belly is yellow. The hair on the back of the hands and feet is black or dark brown, which is a key distinguishing feature from other northern "gray-necked" Aotus species; also, its hair is shorter. Other distinguishing features relate to its skull, which has a broad braincase, a depressed interorbital region, and large molariform teeth.
Like other night monkeys, the Panamanian night monkey has large eyes, befitting its nocturnal lifestyle. But unlike many nocturnal animal species, its eyes do not have a tapetum lucidum. Also like other night monkeys, it has a short tail relative to the body size.
The Panamanian night monkey is arboreal and nocturnal. It and the other members of the genus Aotus are the only nocturnal monkeys. It is found in several types of forest, including secondary forest and coffee plantations. It lives in small groups of between two and six monkeys, consisting of an adult pair and one infant and several juveniles and/or subadults. Groups are territorial, and groups occupy ranges that overlap only slightly.
Vocal, olfactory and behavioral forms of communication have all been recorded. At least nine vocal calls have been reported, including various types of grunts, screams, squeals, moans and trills. Males develop a scent gland near their tail at the age of about one year that is used for scent marking. Urine washing, in which urine is rubbed on the hands and feet, is also used. Behavioral communication appears to be less important than vocal and olfactory communication, but certain behavioral displays, including arched back displays, stiff legged jumping, urination, defecation and piloerection have been noted.
The Panamanian night monkey generally walks on all four legs, although it is capable of leaping or running when necessary. It eats a variety of foods. In one study, on Barro Colorado Island in Panama, its diet was found to consist of 65% fruits, 30% leaves and 5% insects.
In common with other night monkeys, the Panamanian night monkey is one of the few monogamous monkeys. The monogamous pair generally gives birth to a single infant each year, although twins occasionally occur. The gestation period is about 133 days. The father carries the infant from the time it is one or two days old, passing it to the mother for nursing.
Although viewing monkeys is popular with tourists visiting Panama, the Panamanian night monkey's nocturnal habits make it less often seen than the other Panamanian monkey species. However, with a skilled guide it is possible to observe the Panamanian night monkey.
References
Panamanian night monkey
Mammals of Colombia
Primates of Central America
Primates of North America
Panamanian night monkey |
23576290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20industry%20in%20Germany | Automotive industry in Germany | The automotive industry in Germany is one of the largest employers in the world, with a labor force of over 857,336 (2016) working in the industry.
Being home to the modern car, the German automobile industry is regarded as the most competitive and innovative in the world, and has the third-highest car production in the world, and fourth-highest total motor vehicle production. With an annual output close to six million and a 31.5% share of the European Union (2017),
German-designed cars won in the European Car of the Year, the International Car of the Year, the World Car of the Year annual awards the most times among all countries. The Volkswagen Beetle and Porsche 911 took 4th and 5th places in the Car of the Century award.
History
Early history
Motor-car pioneers Karl Benz (who later went on to start Mercedes-Benz) and Nicolaus Otto developed four-stroke internal combustion engines in the late 1870s; Benz fitted his design to a coach in 1887, which led to the modern-day motor car. By 1901, Germany was producing about 900 cars a year. In 1926 Daimler-Benz formed from the predecessor companies of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler; it produced cars under the marque of Mercedes-Benz. BMW, though founded in 1916, didn't start auto production until 1928.
American economist Robert A. Brady extensively documented the rationalization movement that shaped German industry in the 1920s, and although his general model of the movement applied to the automotive industry, the sector was in poor health in the later years of the 1918-1933 Weimar Republic. The slow development of the German automotive industry left the German market open for major American auto-manufacturers such as General Motors (which took over German company Opel in 1929) and the Ford Motor Company (which maintained the successful German subsidiary Ford-Werke, beginning in 1925).
The collapse of the global economy during the Great Depression in the early 1930s plunged Germany's auto industry into a severe crisis. While eighty-six auto companies had existed in Germany during the 1920s, barely twelve survived the depression, including Daimler-Benz, Opel and Ford's factory in Cologne. Four of the country's major car manufacturers — Horch, Dampf Kraft Wagen (DKW), Wanderer and Audi — formed a joint venture known as the Auto Union in 1932, which would play a leading role in Germany's comeback from the depression.
The turnabout for the German motor industry came about in the mid-1930s following the election of the Nazi Party to power in 1933. The Nazis instituted a policy known as ("motorization"), a transport policy which Adolf Hitler himself considered a key element of attempts to legitimise the Nazi government by raising the people's standard of living. In addition to development and extensions of major highway schemes (which saw the completion of the first Autobahn in 1935), the Volkswagen project aimed to design and construct a robust but inexpensive "people's car", the product of which was the Volkswagen Beetle, presented in 1937. A new city (known as Wolfsburg from 1945) grew up around the Volkswagen factory to house its huge workforce, but Volkswagen production switched to military output in 1940.
Postwar era
By the end of World War II, most of the auto factories had been destroyed or badly damaged. Germany needed debt relief. The London Agreement on German External Debts of 1953 provided that repayments were only due while West Germany ran a trade surplus, and that repayments were limited to 3% of export earnings. This gave Germany’s creditors a powerful incentive to import German goods, assisting reconstruction of the Car Industry. In addition, the eastern part of Germany was under control of the Soviet Union, which dismantled much of the machinery that was left and sent it back to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Some manufacturers, such as Maybach and Adler (automobile), started up again, but did not continue making passenger cars. The Volkswagen production facility in Wolfsburg continued making the Volkswagen Beetle (Type 1) in 1945, a car which it had intended to make prior to the war (under the name of KdF-Wagen), except that the factory was converted to military truck production during the war. By 1955 VW had made one million Volkswagen Beetles, and by 1965 had built 10 million, as it gained popularity on export markets as well as on the home market. Other auto manufacturers rebuilt their plants and slowly resumed production, with initial models mostly based on pre-war designs. Mercedes-Benz resumed production in 1946 with the pre-war–designed 170 series. In 1951 they introduced the 220 series, which came with a more modern engine, and the 300 series. Opel revived the pre-war cars Opel Olympia in 1947 and the Opel Kapitän in 1948. (Toolings for the Opel Kadett were taken by the Soviets and used to make the Moskvitch 400-420., which had resumed production of trucks in 1945, began building the pre-war Ford Taunus in 1948. Porsche began production of their Porsche 356 sports car in 1948, and replaced it with their long-lived Porsche 911 in 1964 (which remains in production more than 50 years and several incarnations later).
Borgward began production in 1949, and Goliath, Lloyd, Gutbrod, and Auto Union (DKW) began in 1950. BMW's first cars after the war were the luxurious BMW 501 and BMW 502 in 1952. In 1957 NSU Motorenwerke re-entered the car market.
Automobile manufacturers in East Germany after the war included Eisenacher Motorenwerk (EMW), which also made the Wartburg, and VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau, which made the IFA F8 (derived from the DKW F8) and the Trabant. East Germany's status as a communist country was reflecting in the relatively primitive design and refinement of these cars, although they both continued in production until the early 1990s, shortly after the fall of the communist rule and the German reunification.
Initial production by EMW after the war were models that were essentially pre-war BMW 326 and BMW 327 models, as the plant in Eisenach was formerly owned by BMW.
During the mid-to-late 1950s, the Bubble car became popular. BMW was the largest maker, with the BMW Isetta and BMW 600. Other makes included the Messerschmitt KR175 and KR200, the Heinkel Kabine, and the Zündapp Janus. Microcars such as the Glas Goggomobile, BMW 700, and Lloyd 600 also were popular. However, the "Bubble car" concept had been abandoned by 1970.
In the late-1950s, BMW developed financial difficulties and control of the company was acquired by the Quandt family. BMW acquired Glas in 1966. In 1961, the Borgward auto group, including Goliath and Lloyd went out of business. In 1958 Auto Union was acquired by Daimler AG, but then, in turn, it was sold in stages from 1964 to 1966 to Volkswagen AG (at which time the DKW marque was ended and the Audi name was resurrected). In 1969, Volkswagen AG acquired NSU Motorenwerke (developer of the Wankel engine) and merged it with Auto Union, but the NSU nameplate disappeared by 1977 when production of the Ro80 rotary-engine saloon (European Car of the Year on its launch 10 years earlier) was stopped largely due to disappointing sales and a poor reputation for reliability.
Ford merged its German and British operations in 1967, with the intention of producing identical cars at its German and British factories. Ford had also opened a factory at Genk, Belgium, in 1963. In 1976, it also opened a factory in Valencia, Spain, where production of the new Fiesta supermini (the first Ford of this size to be built in any country) was concentrated. The Escort, launched in 1967, was the first new Ford to be produced at both the German and British factories. At the beginning of 1969, Ford launched a new sporting coupe, the Capri, which like the Escort was produced throughout Europe. The Taunus of 1970 made use of the same basic design as the British Cortina MK3, but had slightly different exterior styling, although those styling differences were ironed out with the launch of the 1976 Taunus. Ford's new flagship model, the Granada, was built in Britain, Germany and Spain from the beginning of 1972, although British production was withdrawn after a few years.
1970s
Volkswagen was faced with major financial difficulties in the early 1970s; with its aging Beetle still selling strongly all over the world but its newer models had been less successful. However, the company then enjoyed a revival with the arrival of the popular Passat in 1973, Golf in 1974 and Polo in 1975 - all of these cars featured the new front-wheel drive hatchback layout which was enjoying a rise in popularity across Europe after first being patented by Renault of France with the R16 in 1965. The Polo was Volkswagen's new entry-level model, and was aimed directly at modern small hatchbacks like the Fiat 127 and Renault 5. The mid-range Golf was seen as the car to eventually replace the Beetle, and was easily the first popular hatchback of this size in Europe, leading to most leading carmakers having a similar-sized hatchback by the early 1980s. Production of the Beetle finished in Germany in 1978, although it continued to be produced in Mexico and Brazil until 2003, with a small number of models being imported to Germany and the rest of Europe during its final 25 years. The Passat was marketed as a more advanced alternative to traditional larger saloon cars like the Ford Taunus/Cortina, Opel Ascona (sold in Britain from 1975 as the Vauxhall Cavalier) and the Renault 12.
The Scirocco coupe of 1974 was also a success in the smaller sports car market, competing against the likes of the Ford Capri and Opel Manta. Its partner company Audi also enjoyed an upturn thanks to the success of its 100 range (launched in 1968) and the smaller 80 (launched in 1972 and voted European Car of the Year). Both of the new Audi models featured front-wheel drive. The Volkswagen Polo was in fact a rebadged version of the Audi 50, but the Audi original was a slower seller than the Volkswagen that it spawned and was only available in certain markets.
Volkswagen and Audi both enjoyed a growing rise in popularity in overseas markets during the 1970s and this continued throughout the 1980s. Audi launched a well-received large saloon model, the Audi 100, in 1968, and followed this four years later with the smaller Audi 80, winner of the European Car of the Year award for 1973. In 1980, Audi moved into the sports car market with its front-wheel drive Coupe and the four-wheel drive, high-performance version, the Quattro. The Quattro four-wheel drive system was later adopted on Audi's saloon models.
During the 1970s and early 1980s, General Motors integrated Opel with the British Vauxhall brand so that designs were shared with the only difference being the names. Faced with fierce competition from up-to-date designs from Volkswagen, General Motors moved to a front-wheel drive hatchback in 1979 with the latest version of the Opel Kadett, followed in 1981 by new Ascona (which retained the Vauxhall Cavalier name for the British market). In 1982 it opened a new plant Zaragoza, Spain, to produce the new Opel Corsa supermini; this car was later imported to Britain as the Vauxhall Nova. Production of the Kadett/Astra and Ascona/Cavalier models was divided between factories in Germany, Belgium, Spain and Britain. The Vauxhall Carlton was briefly built in Britain from its 1978 launch, but within a few years production was fully concentrated in Germany, where it was built alongside the identical Opel Rekord.
1980s and 1990s
The final version of the Opel Kadett was voted European Car of the Year on its launch in 1984, as was the Opel Rekord's successor – the Omega – two years afterwards. The Ascona's successor, the Vectra (still the Vauxhall Cavalier in Britain), was launched in 1988, but missed out of the European Car of the Year accolade to the Fiat Tipo.
With the radical changes in car design that took place throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s, Ford responded by substantially altering its model line-up. After launching the Fiesta supermini in 1976, it switched to front-wheel drive and a hatchback on the MK3 Escort on its launch in 1980, and opted to replace the Taunus/Cortina with the Sierra in 1982 - abandoning the hugely popular saloon format for an aerodynamic hatchback, although a saloon version was added in 1987. In 1983, Ford had also responded to the continuing demand for family saloons by launching the Orion, the saloon version of the Escort. The Scorpio replaced the Granada as Ford's European flagship in 1985, and was solely produced at the Cologne plant in Germany. The Scorpio was originally available only as a hatchback, and despite its popularity, Ford eventually expanded the Scorpio range by launching a saloon model in 1990 and an estate model in 1992. The declining demand for sporting coupes led to Ford's decision not to directly replace the Capri, which was discontinued after 1986.
After its rejuvenation during the 1970s, VW modernised its model ranges during the first half of the 1980s and continued to enjoy strong sales in Germany and most other European markets. The Polo, Passat and Scirocco all entered their second generation during 1981, and the MK2 Golf was launched in 1983. A saloon version of the MK1 Golf, the Jetta, had been available since 1979, and the MK2 Jetta was launched in 1984. 1988 saw the launch of the MK3 Passat and a new coupe, the Corrado, which was produced alongside the Scirocco until the older car's demise in 1992.
The VW Polo was updated in 1990, an all-new model finally arriving in 1994, and the MK3 Golf was voted European Car of the Year shortly after its launch in 1991. The saloon version of the MK3 Golf, the Vento, was launched in 1992. The Passat was updated in 1993 before an all-new model was launched in 1996. The Corrado was discontinued in 1996 without an immediate replacement. VW moved into the MPV market with the Sharan in 1995, built in Portugal as part of a venture with Ford, which produced the identical Galaxy. A new Beetle, with front-wheel drive and a front-mounted engine, was launched in 1998, but like the later versions of the original model it was produced in Mexico rather than Germany. The MK4 Golf was launched in late 1997, and joined a year later by a saloon version, the Bora.
BMW and Mercedes-Benz remained committed to rear-wheel drive on its saloons and booted coupes during these years. BMW, however, developed its model ranges more comprehensively in the 1980s and early 1990s. The original BMW 3 Series, launched in 1975, was sold as a two-door saloon or cabriolet. The second generation model launched in 1982, however, was eventually available also as a four-door saloon and five-door estate, and during the 1990s the third generation model range eventually included a three-door hatchback as well. The BMW 5 Series, the mid-range model launched in 1972, was only sold as a four-door saloon for its first two generations, but a third generation model was available as an estate from 1991.
The West of Germany was far more technically advanced in comparison with the East (more than 4.5 million against 200,000 annual production of auto vehicles in the 1980s), with the divide ending with German reunification in 1990.
During the 1980s and 1990s, the German auto industry engaged in major acquisitions and international expansion all over the world. Besides of direct export, German manufacturers found or bought plants in European, Asian, Latin American countries and in the United States even. Auto industry of Mexico, Brazil, China, Turkey, some post-socialist East European countries gained by German investments in a significant share.
Volkswagen set up a joint venture with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation in 1984 (named Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive), and in 1990 established FAW-Volkswagen to produce VWs and Audis in China. VW also acquired SEAT of Spain in 1986 and Škoda of Czechoslovakia in 1991, improving the model ranges of these manufacturers and helping increase their market share significantly across Europe. Volkswagen had even shifted Polo production to a SEAT factory in Spain after its acquisition of SEAT, and the 1993 SEAT Ibiza formed the basis for the following year's new Polo.
VW also made use of its components across the different marques; for instance, by the year 2000, the floorplan of the Volkswagen Golf for instance had spawned the Audi A3, Audi TT, SEAT Toledo, Seat Leon, Skoda Octavia and Volkswagen Bora.
By the end of the 1990s, VW moved into the luxury and supercar end of the market and acquired Bentley of Britain and the Bugatti and Lamborghini marques from Italy.
Ford had concentrated Sierra production in Belgium rather than Germany and Britain from the end of the 1980s, and its successor - the Mondeo - was solely produced in Belgium when it went into production around the end of 1992. The Escort remained in production throughout Europe until 2000, although its successor, the Focus, launched in 1998, was only produced in Germany for European buyers. The Scorpio was discontinued in 1998 and not directly replaced, with Ford instead directing potential Scorpio buyers to high-specification versions of the smaller Mondeo. The Scorpio's demise occurred around the same time that Ford took over Volvo, which already had a strong presence in the executive car market, while Ford had taken over British luxury carmaker Jaguar in 1989 and was about to launch the Jaguar S-Type.
At the beginning of 1990s, Ford and Volkswagen agreed to a venture to produce an MPV together at the same factory with the same basic design. The result of this venture was the Ford Galaxy and Volkswagen Sharan, but these vehicles were produced in Portugal rather than Germany from their launch in 1995. They were joined a year later by the SEAT Alhambra.
21st century
BMW acquired the British Rover Group in 1994, but large losses led to its sale in 2000. However, BMW retained the Mini (marque) name for a line of new cars, all built in Britain from 2001. During the 1990s, BMW opened a production facility for SUVs in Spartanburg County, South Carolina. BMW also acquired the Rolls-Royce Motor Cars name, effective as of 2003, and in the same year established a joint venture in China named BMW Brilliance. Daimler-Benz entered into what was initially called a "merger of equals" with Chrysler Corporation in 1998. However, cultural differences and operating losses led to its dissolution in 2007, although Daimler-Benz kept Chrysler's Chinese joint venture, renamed Beijing Benz. The company also launched the Smart in 1998 and relaunched the Maybach brand in 2002. In addition, during the 1990s they opened a production facility for SUVs in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.
On 5 July 2012, Volkswagen AG announced a deal with Porsche resulting in VW's full ownership of Porsche on 1 August 2012. The deal was classified as a restructuring rather than a takeover due to the transfer of a single share as part of the deal. Volkswagen AG paid Porsche shareholders $5.61 billion for the remaining 50.1% it did not own.
Currently, five German companies and seven marques dominate the automotive industry in the country: Volkswagen AG (and subsidiaries Audi and Porsche), BMW AG, Daimler AG, Adam Opel AG and Ford-Werke GmbH. Nearly six million vehicles are produced in Germany each year, and approximately 5.5 million are produced overseas by German brands. Alongside the United States, China and Japan, Germany is one of the top 4 automobile manufacturers in the world. The Volkswagen Group is one of the three biggest automotive companies in the world (along with Toyota and General Motors).
The Chevrolet Volt and its GM Voltec powertrain Technology were invented and developed first and foremost by the former German Opel engineer Frank Weber and—still today—some of the most important parts of the development of GM's electric vehicles is done in Germany.
In November 2019 Tesla Inc. announced the construction of its first European "Gigafactory" (a car battery production facility, as referred to by Tesla CEO Elon Musk) in Grünheide near Berlin. It will initially have over 4.000 employees.
Plants
Automotive plants in Germany:
Baden-Württemberg
Affalterbach: Mercedes-AMG
Lorch: Binz custom vehicles (Mercedes-Benz)
Mannheim: Mercedes-Benz, Setra, truck engines, EvoBus
Neckarsulm: Audi
Rastatt: Mercedes-Benz
Sindelfingen: Mercedes-Benz
Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen: Porsche
Ulm: Magirus firefighting vehicles
Untertürkheim (Stuttgart): Mercedes-Benz
Weissach: Porsche
Bavaria
Dingolfing: BMW Group Plant Dingolfing
Ingolstadt: Audi
Munich: BMW
Munich: MAN heavy trucks
Neu-Ulm: Mercedes-Benz, Setra, EvoBus
Nuremberg: MAN
Pfaffenhausen: RUF
Regensburg: BMW
Eastern Germany
Berlin: Mercedes-Benz
Grünheide near Berlin: Tesla from 2021
Chemnitz: Volkswagen
Dresden: Volkswagen Transparent Factory
Eisenach: Opel Eisenach
Kölleda: Mercedes-Benz
Leipzig: BMW
Leipzig: Porsche
Ludwigsfelde: Mercedes-Benz
Zwickau: Volkswagen Zwickau-Mosel Plant
Lower Saxony
Emden: Volkswagen
Hanover: Porsche, Volkswagen
Osnabrück: Volkswagen, Porsche
Salzgitter: MAN heavy trucks
Salzgitter: Volkswagen
Wolfsburg: Wolfsburg Volkswagen Plant
North Rhine-Westphalia
Dortmund: Mercedes-Benz minibuses, EvoBUs
Düsseldorf: Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen
Cologne: Ford Cologne Body & Assembly
Rest of the country
Bremen: Mercedes-Benz
Heyda: AC sports cars
Kaiserslautern: Opel/Vauxhall
Rüsselsheim: Opel/Vauxhall
Saarlouis: Ford Saarlouis Body & Assembly
Wörth: Mercedes-Benz, Unimog
See also
List of automobile manufacturers of Germany
References
1887 establishments in Germany |
20474388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lax%E2%80%93Friedrichs%20method | Lax–Friedrichs method | The Lax–Friedrichs method, named after Peter Lax and Kurt O. Friedrichs, is a numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations based on finite differences. The method can be described as the FTCS (forward in time, centered in space) scheme with a numerical dissipation term of 1/2. One can view the Lax–Friedrichs method as an alternative to Godunov's scheme, where one avoids solving a Riemann problem at each cell interface, at the expense of adding artificial viscosity.
Illustration for a Linear Problem
Consider a one-dimensional, linear hyperbolic partial differential equation for of the form:
on the domain
with initial condition
and the boundary conditions
If one discretizes the domain to a grid with equally spaced points with a spacing of in the -direction and in the -direction, we define
where
are integers representing the number of grid intervals. Then the Lax–Friedrichs method for solving the above partial differential equation is given by:
Or, rewriting this to solve for the unknown
Where the initial values and boundary nodes are taken from
Extensions to Nonlinear Problems
A nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law is defined through a flux function :
In the case of , we end up with a scalar linear problem. Note that in general, is a vector with equations in it.
The generalization of the Lax-Friedrichs method to nonlinear systems takes the form
This method is conservative and first order accurate, hence quite dissipative. It can, however be used as a building block for building high-order numerical schemes for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations, much like Euler time steps can be used as a building block for creating high-order numerical integrators for ordinary differential equations.
We note that this method can be written in conservation form:
where
Without the extra terms and in the discrete flux, , one ends up with the FTCS scheme, which is well known to be unconditionally unstable for hyperbolic problems.
Stability and accuracy
This method is explicit and first order accurate in time and first order accurate in space ( provided are sufficiently-smooth functions. Under these conditions, the method is stable if and only if the following condition is satisfied:
(A von Neumann stability analysis can show the necessity of this stability condition.) The Lax–Friedrichs method is classified as having second-order dissipation and third order dispersion . For functions that have discontinuities, the scheme displays strong dissipation and dispersion ; see figures at right.
References
.
.
.
Numerical differential equations
Computational fluid dynamics |
20474397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Quentin%20%28cricketer%29 | George Quentin (cricketer) | George Augustus Frederick Quentin (3 November 1848 — 6 May 1928) was an Indian-born English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm round-arm bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Kirkee, became an Anglican priest, and died in St. Leonards-on-Sea.
Life
He was the eldest son of George Augustus Frederick Quentin of the 10th Hussars and Kirkee (son of Sir George Quentin), and his wife Anne Medlycott. Educated at Shrewsbury School, he graduated B.A. at St. John's College, Oxford in 1872. He was ordained in 1877, and became rector of Shipdham in Norfolk in 1884.
Cricket
Quentin made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1874 season, against Yorkshire. From the lower-middle order, he scored 22 runs in the only innings in which he batted, becoming one of future England Test cricketer George Ulyett's five wickets.
References
External links
George Quentin at Cricket Archive
1848 births
1928 deaths
19th-century English Anglican priests
20th-century English Anglican priests
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from Pune district
People educated at Shrewsbury School
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
People from Shipdham |
20474419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Rutherford | Ken Rutherford | Ken Rutherford may refer to:
Ken Rutherford (political scientist) (born 1962), co-founder of the Landmine Survivors Network; political science researcher
Ken Rutherford (cricketer) (born 1965), New Zealand cricketer |
23576300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Cape%20Leeuwin | HMAS Cape Leeuwin | HMAS Cape Leeuwin was a lighthouse tender which was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) between mid-1943 and the end of 1945.
Design
The ship displaces 1,406 gross tons, is in length, with a beam of , and a draught of . Top speed was . In naval service, the ship was armed with a QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun, supplemented by five Oerlikon 20 mm cannons and two Vickers machine guns.
Operational history
Cape Leeuwin was built in 1924 for the lighthouse service. The ship was laid down at Cockatoo Island Dockyard on 15 July 1924, and launched on 10 December 1924.
She was requisitioned for service with the RAN from the Queensland Department of Commerce in October 1941 and commissioned into the Navy on 27 August 1943. Her peacetime captain, Noel Buxton, stayed with the ship throughout her naval service and received the rank of Lieutenant.
From August 1943, Cape Leeuwin was used to lay buoys and service lights along the coast of Queensland and in the South-West Pacific. She laid buoys and beacons between Milne Bay and Hollandia in New Guinea. From late 1944, she served in the Philippines Campaign, and established navigation aids at Leyte, Mindoro, Subic Bay and Manila. As part of these operations, she was the first Australian ship to enter Manila Bay after the Battle of Manila. In July 1945, she and established lighthouses in the Moluccas which reopened a route between Darwin and Morotai.
After the war, Cape Leeuwin was decommissioned from the RAN and returned to her owners on 12 December 1945. She continued in Australian service until 1963 when she was paid off and sold to a company in Asia, which named her Ruby.
References
1924 ships
Survey ships of the Royal Australian Navy
Lighthouse tenders of Australia |
20474498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/456th%20Fighter-Interceptor%20Squadron | 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron | The 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the Air Defense Command San Francisco Air Defense Sector stationed at Oxnard Air Force Base, California. It was inactivated on 18 July 1968.
History
World War II
It was established in late 1944 as a very long range Republic P-47N Thunderbolt fighter squadron. It trained under III Fighter Command. The 456th was deployed to Pacific Theater of Operations, and assigned to XXI Bomber Command as a long-range escort squadron for B-29 Superfortress bombers engaged in the strategic bombardment of Japan, based on Iwo Jima. After the Japanese capitulation, it was moved to Luzon where the squadron was demobilized; the P-47Ns were returned to storage depots in the United States. It was inactivated as a paper unit in 1946.
Cold War Air Defense
It was reactivated in 1954 under Air Defense Command as an air defense interceptor squadron, and stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin for the air defense of the Great Lakes. It was equipped with North American F-86D Sabres. In August 1955 the unit was inactivated, and was reactivated at Castle Air Force Base, California in October 1955 with North American F-86D Sabres. In 1957 it began re-equipping with the North American North American F-86L Sabre, an improved version of the F-86D which incorporated the Semi Automatic Ground Environment, or SAGE computer-controlled direction system for intercepts. The service of the F-86L was brief, since by the time the last F-86L conversion was delivered, the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors.
The squadron upgraded in June 1958 into supersonic Convair F-102A Delta Daggers. In September 1959 it received Convair F-106 Delta Darts.
On 22 October 1962, before President John F. Kennedy told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba, the squadron dispersed one third of its force, equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to Fresno Air Terminal at the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis. These planes returned to Castle after the crisis.
The squadron moved to Oxnard Air Force Base, California on 18 July 1968 and was inactivated the same day, transferring its mission, personnel and equipment to the 437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.
Lineage
Constituted as the 456th Fighter Squadron on 5 October 1944
Activated on 15 October 1944
Inactivated on 25 August 1946
Redesignated 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 23 March 1953
Activated on 8 August 1954
Inactivated on 18 August 1955
Activated on 18 October 1955
Inactivated on 18 July 1968
Assignments
414th Fighter Group, 15 October 1944 – 25 August 1946
520th Air Defense Group, 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955
28th Air Division, 18 October 1955
San Francisco Air Defense Sector, 1 July 1960 – 18 July 1968
Stations
Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina, 15 October 1944
Selfridge Field, Michigan, 21 November 1944
Bluethenthal Field, North Carolina, 19 March – 5 June 1945
North Field, Iwo Jima, 7 July 1945
Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 23 December 1945
Floridablanca Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, unknown-25 August 1946
Truax Field, Wisconsin, 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955
Castle Air Force Base, California, 18 October 1955 – 18 July 1968
Oxnard Air Force Base, California, 18 July 1968
Aircraft
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1944–1946
North American F-86D Sabre, 1954–1955; 1955–1957
North American F-86L Sabre, 1957–1958
Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1958–1959
Convair F-106 Delta Dart, 1959–1968
References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
– Formerly Confidential, declassified 22 March 2000.
– Formerly Top Secret NOFORN, declassified 9 March 1996.
External links
The 456th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at 456FIS.org
Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force
Aerospace Defense Command units |
23576310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi%20Yamgnane | Kofi Yamgnane | Kofi Martin Yamgnane (born 11 October 1945) is a French-Togolese politician and engineer.
Biography
Yamgnane was born in 1945 in Bassar, Togo. A member of the Bassar ethnic group in central Togo, he attended a missionary school as his early education. In 1957, he enrolled at the St. Joseph College in Lomé, capital of Togo. Yamgnane received his baccalauréat in 1964. Afterward, he moved to France to study engineering. He obtained a degree in mathematics from the University of Western Brittany in 1969. Yamgnane obtained French citizenship in 1975. After years of doing engineering work without qualifications, such as designing expressway structures, he enrolled at the École nationale supérieure des mines de Nancy in 1977 and graduated in 1981.
In 1983, he joined the town council of a village of Brittany, Saint-Coulitz (less than 400 inhabitants). He lost the election for mayor in the second round as a member of the Socialist Party. He became well known in France in 1989 after being elected mayor of Saint-Coulitz, and at this time, one out of only two black mayors in Metropolitan France. He created a council of elders, similar to governing bodies in Africa. This initiative won Yamgnane the "National Award of citizenship" in April 1990, and he was named "Breton of the year" by Armor Magazine.
A former engineer in the French Bridges and Roads administration, he was Secretary of State of Integration in the French government from 1991 to 1993. The following year, he was elected a Conseiller général of Finistère. Yamgnane became a representative in the French National Assembly on 1 June 1997, representing Finistère. He was a member of the delegation of the National Assembly to women's rights and equal opportunities between men and women. Yamagnane served on several commissions in the Assembly, including national defense, trade, cultural affairs, finance, constitutional laws, marine transport safety, and children's rights. His term ended on 18 June 2002.
After the death of Togolese president Gnassingbe Eyadema in 2005, Yamgnane thought of running for president but decided it was not the right time. He stood as a candidate in the 2010 Togolese presidential election. Yamagnane campaigned on improving the health of Togolese, fixing roads and bridges, reducing unemployment, and curbing corruption. He aimed to nationalize lage industries without creating "a witch hunt". However, his candidacy was rejected by the Constitutional Court due to doubts about his identity. His papers showed two different birth dates, 11 October 1945, and 31 December 1945. The October 11 date comes from an affidavit signed by his father on 16 March 1948, while the 31 December date is used by the Togolese government. "All Togolese know around them at least one person in my case. Does this mean that this whole section of the population should be excluded from universal suffrage?" Yamgnane said.
He was arrested in October 2014 on the charge of "influence peddling" and tax evasion in the context of the Christophe Rocancourt case.
Personal life
Yamgnane is married to Anne-Marie la Bretonne, a retired professor of mathematics. They live in Lomé and have two children. He is friends with Togolese archbishop Denis Amouzou, as the two share an affinity for scouting.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Kara Region
Ewe people
Togolese emigrants to France
Black French politicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Secretaries of State of France
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Brittany
People from Finistère
Naturalized citizens of France
Politicians from Brittany |
23576312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%20Flute%20Cave | Reed Flute Cave | The Reed Flute Cave (), also known as "the Palace of Natural Arts," is a landmark and tourist attraction in Guilin, Guangxi, China.
The cave got its name from the type of reed growing outside, which can be made into flutes. Reed Flute Cave is filled with a large number of stalactites, stalagmites and other rock formations. Inside, there are more than 70 inscriptions written in ink, which can be dated back as far as 792 AD in the Tang Dynasty. These aged inscriptions tell us that it has been an attraction in Guilin since ancient times. It was rediscovered in the 1940s by a group of refugees fleeing the Japanese troops. Nowadays, multicolored lighting artificially illuminates the cave.
Notes
External links
Caves of Guangxi
Limestone caves
Karst formations of China
Show caves in China
Tourist attractions in Guilin |
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