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23574276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A9%20V%C5%A1elisy | Velké Všelisy | Velké Všelisy is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Krušiny, Malé Všelisy and Zamachy are administrative parts of Velké Všelisy.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veselice | Veselice | Veselice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6902736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20defunct%20NASCAR%20teams | List of defunct NASCAR teams | The following is a list of notable NASCAR teams that have officially closed down, with their last team name and driver. The list does not contain teams that have temporarily suspended operations. For those, see List of NASCAR teams. Some teams that are listed here no longer run that particular series, but may still be active in another series.
NASCAR Cup Series
Xfinity Series
AP Performance Racing
A.J. Foyt Racing
Alumni Motorsports
Andy Petree Racing
BACE Motorsports
Bang! Racing
BLV Motorsports
Bost Motorsports
Carroll Racing
Chance 2 Motorsports
Chip Ganassi Racing
Clay Andrews Racing
Dale Earnhardt, Inc.
DF2 Motorsports
Doug Taylor Motorsports
Emerald Performance Group
FILMAR Racing
Ginn Racing
Glynn Motorsports
Hendrick Motorsports
Hensley Motorsports
Hillin Racing
Herzog Motorsports
Hispanic Racing Team
Innovative Motorsports
J&J Racing
JG Motorsports
Jim & Judie Motorsports
Joe Bessey Racing
Keith Coleman Racing
Kevin Harvick Incorporated
Labonte Motorsports
Larry Hedrick Motorsports
Lockamy Racing
Marsh Racing
Michael Waltrip Racing
Moy Racing
NorthStar Motorsports
Parker Racing
Precision Performance Motorsports
Roush Fenway Racing
Second Chance Motorsports
Shoemaker Racing
Spencer Motor Ventures
Team Bristol Motorsports
Washington-Erving Motorsports
Whitaker Racing
Xpress Motorsports
Gander Outdoors Truck Series
Addington Racing
Andy Petree Racing
Bang! Racing
BKR Racing
Brad Keselowski Racing
Clean Line Racing
CJ Racing
Dale Earnhardt, Inc.
Faith Motorsports
Fiddleback Racing
Germain Racing
Glynn Motorsports
Hendrick Motorsports
Joe Gibbs Racing
Kevin Harvick Incorporated
Impact Motorsports
Innovative Motorsports
Joe Gibbs Racing
JR Motorsports
MacDonald Motorsports
Mansion Motorsports
McGlynn Racing
Petty Enterprises
Phelon Racing
Red Horse Racing
Richard Childress Racing
Richardson Motorsports
Roadrunner Motorsports
Roehig Racing
Roush Fenway Racing
South Point Racing
Spears Motorsports
Sutton Motorsports
Tagsby Racing
Team EJP Racing
Team Rensi Motorsports
TKO Motorsports
Ultra Motorsports
Ware Racing Enterprises
Woodard Racing
Victory in Jesus Racing
Other series
Brad Jones Racing
Garry Rogers Motorsport
NASCAR teams, defunct
NASCAR teams
Nascar |
23574279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahoreni | Zahoreni | Zahoreni is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District |
23574280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vina%C5%99ice%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Vinařice (Mladá Boleslav District) | Vinařice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6902741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Son | European Son | "European Son" is a song written and performed by the American experimental rock band The Velvet Underground. It appears as the final track on their 1967 debut album The Velvet Underground & Nico. It is also the album's longest track at more than seven and a half minutes.
The song could be seen as a precursor to the band's next album White Light/White Heat and certainly to the song "Sister Ray", a seventeen-minute-long rock improvisation.
Composition
"European Son" is dedicated by the band to Delmore Schwartz, the poet who had been literary mentor of singer Lou Reed at Syracuse University. Wanting to dedicate a song to Schwartz, "European Son" was chosen because it had the fewest lyrics (rock-and-roll lyrics being something Schwartz abhorred). The first pressing of The Velvet Underground & Nico referred to the song as "European Son (to Delmore Schwartz)".
The song was recorded in April 1966, and Schwartz died alone in Manhattan three months later on July 14. According to musicologist Richard Witts, the song "reads like little more than a song of loathing" to Schwartz, who refused to see Reed while living out his last days in seclusion at a rundown midtown New York hotel. Witts highlighted obscure personal details in lyrics such as "You made your wallpapers green" and found the Dylanesque "hey, hey, bye bye bye" lyric to bid "a malicious farewell to its subject".
Recording
The song begins with two stanzas of lyrics sung by Lou Reed over a D major chord and walking bass line, then after the first minute or so a loud crash is heard (caused by John Cale hitting a stack of plates with a metal chair). There follows a six-minute instrumental improvisation, making use of distortion and feedback.
Personnel
Lou Reed – vocals, guitar, sound effects
John Cale – bass, sound effects
Sterling Morrison – guitar
Maureen Tucker – percussion
Covers
Half Japanese on their 1984 album Our Solar System.
Thurston Moore on the 1988 compilation album The End of Music as We Know It.
Gary Lucas covered this song on his 2000 album Street of Lost Brothers.
Other information
The song inspired the German experimental rock band Can. Its influence can especially be heard in the song "Father Cannot Yell", the lead track of Can's 1969 album Monster Movie, in which Holger Czukay plays a similar bassline.
A slowed-down version of the song's bassline (originally played by John Cale) appears on "Moby Octopad" by Yo La Tengo.
Simple Minds recorded a song entitled "European Son" on a demo tape, which was released on CD on The Early Years: 1977-1978. The band Japan also recorded a song with the title "European Son". Both these bands titled the song in tribute to the Velvet Underground song, and have covered other songs by the band (both covering "All Tomorrow's Parties", for one), but neither "European Son" is a cover of the Velvet Underground song.
References
The Velvet Underground songs
Songs written by Lou Reed
Experimental rock songs
Songs written by John Cale
1966 songs |
23574281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinec%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Vinec (Mladá Boleslav District) | Vinec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlkava | Vlkava | Vlkava is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Bor is an administrative part of Vlkava.
Notable people
Šimon Brixi (1693–1735), composer
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20%28composer%29 | Fuzzy (composer) | Jens Vilhelm Pedersen, also known as Fuzzy (born 23 February 1939) is a Danish composer and musician. A student of Per Nørgård, Karlheinz Stockhausen, György Ligeti and Jan Bark. He taught music history and theory at the Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus until 1978.
His music spans a wide range of genre from jazz, over film music, to experimental electronic music.
In 1972, he composed the music for the Rainer Werner Fassbinder TV series Eight Hours Don't Make a Day under the pseudonym Jean Gepoint.
External links
Fuzzy biography from Naxos
(in Danish) including CV in English
1939 births
Living people
Danish composers
Male composers |
20471025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efren%20Torres | Efren Torres | Efren Torres born La Palma, Mexico,(November 29, 1943 – February 25, 2010) was a Mexican professional boxer, who was world champion in the flyweight division. Torres was born in La Palma, Mexico in 1943, and spent most of his early life in his family town of Guadalajara.
Pro career
Known as "El Alacrán" (the Scorpion), Torres turned pro in 1961 and in 1969 after two unsuccessful bids at a major title, he defeated WBC and Lineal Champion Chartchai Chionoi of Thailand by decision to become the flyweight world champion. He lost the title in his second defense to Chartchai Chionoi by decision in 1970. He retired in 1972.
Honours
Torres was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in the Class of 2007.
Professional boxing record
See also
List of flyweight boxing champions
List of WBC world champions
List of Mexican boxing world champions
References
External links
Efren Torres - CBZ Profile
1943 births
Boxers from Michoacán
Flyweight boxers
World boxing champions
World flyweight boxing champions
World Boxing Council champions
2010 deaths
Mexican male boxers |
6902752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Be%20Your%20Mirror | I'll Be Your Mirror | "I'll Be Your Mirror" is a song by the Velvet Underground and Nico. It appeared on their 1967 debut album The Velvet Underground & Nico. It also surfaced as a single a year earlier with "All Tomorrow's Parties" in 1966.
Lou Reed wrote the song for Nico, who provides lead vocals. According to biographer Victor Bockris, inspiration for the song came about after Nico approached Reed after a show in 1965 saying, "Oh Lou, I'll be your mirror." The song was a favorite of Reed's and The Velvet Underground & Nico engineer, Norman Dolph.
Mark Deming of AllMusic described "I'll Be Your Mirror" as an "understated love song."
Recording
"I'll Be Your Mirror" was the most difficult for Nico to record, as the band wanted her to provide slender, delicate vocals for the song, yet she would sing louder, more aggressive vocals take after take. Sterling Morrison described the ordeal in an interview:
The members of the band enjoyed her particular performance on the song so much that after she left the band in late 1967, live vocals for the song were done imitating Nico's accent.
Mentor and manager Andy Warhol suggested that the album have a built-in scratch in it so the line "I'll be your mirror" would repeat infinitely on a record player until the listener moved the needle himself, but nothing ever came of this idea.
Personnel
Nico – lead vocals
Lou Reed – lead guitar
John Cale – bass guitar
Sterling Morrison – lead guitar
Maureen Tucker – tambourine
Alternate versions
Scepter Studios, April 1966
A different mix of the song appears on the acetate cut of the Scepter Studios session, with an alternate track of more aggressive lead vocals by Nico. She also sings "to show that you're home" at the end of the second verse rather than "so you won't be afraid". The backing vocals that sing "reflect what you are" also are almost inaudible on this version of the song, and the guitar is louder.
Single version, July 1966
A 45 rpm single version of the song was released in July 1966 with "All Tomorrow's Parties". The single is identical to the album cut except that it does not fade out at the end. Instead, it goes on for about five seconds ending with a guitar chord. This version of the song later became available in 2002 on the "Deluxe Edition" of The Velvet Underground & Nico.
References
Songs about beauty
1966 songs
The Velvet Underground songs
Nico songs
Psychedelic songs
Songs written by Lou Reed
1966 singles
Verve Records singles |
23574288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20Method%20of%20Dealing%20with%20the%20Rebellious%20Peoples%20of%20Valdichiana | On the Method of Dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Valdichiana | On the method of dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Valdichiana () is a 1503 work by Niccolò Machiavelli.
A short excerpt in English may be found in Allan Gilbert's Machiavelli Volume One.
In 1503, one year after his missions to Cesare Borgia, Machiavelli wrote a short work, Del modo di trattare i sudditi della Val di Chiana ribellati (On the Way to Deal with the Rebel Subjects of the Valdichiana). in this work, he contrasts the errors of Florence with the wisdom of the Ancient Romans. Machiavelli declares that when dealing with rebellious peoples, such as in Valdichiana, the ruler must either placate them or eliminate them.
Machiavelli also witnessed the bloody vengeance taken by Borgia on his mutinous captains at the town of Sinigaglia (December 31, 1502), later writing a famous account. In much of his early writings, Machiavelli argues that “one should not offend a prince and later put faith in him.”
References
Works by Niccolò Machiavelli
1503 books |
23574289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C3%A1tno | Vrátno | Vrátno is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
20471035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Seymour%20%28Vermont%29 | Lake Seymour (Vermont) | Seymour Lake is located in the town of Morgan in Orleans County, Vermont, an area known as the Northeast Kingdom. The lake was named for Israel Seymour, one of the original grantees. Natives called it Namagonic ("salmon trout spearing place"). It is one of only two deep, cold, and oligotrophic lakes in the Clyde River system.
The freshwater lake covers and is long and wide; its maximum depth is . It is shaped like a giant number "7". The lake is fed by two primary streams, an outlet from Mud Pond and Sucker Brook. The lake drains into Echo Pond, which empties into the Clyde River, Lake Memphremagog and, eventually, Canada's St. Lawrence River.
A dam is used for hydroelectric power. Construction on the dam was completed in 1928. It has a normal surface area of . It is owned by Citizens Utilities Company.
The dam is made of stone with a concrete core. The foundation is soil. The height is with a length of . Maximum discharge is per second. Its capacity is . Normal storage is . It drains an area of .
The dam was rebuilt in 2004.
Footnotes
External links
Photos of Lake Seymour
Morgan, Vermont
Seymour
Seymour |
6902758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%20She%20Goes%20Again | There She Goes Again | "There She Goes Again" is a song by The Velvet Underground. It first appeared on their 1967 debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico. The syncopated guitar riff is taken from the 1962 Marvin Gaye song "Hitch Hike". Guitarist Sterling Morrison has stated:
Metronomically, we were a pretty accurate band. If we were speeding up or slowing down, it was by design. If you listen to the solo break on "There She Goes Again," it slows down—slower and slower and slower. And then when it comes back into the "bye-bye-byes" it's double the original tempo, a tremendous leap to twice the speed.
Other artists have recorded the song, including R.E.M., who recorded it as a B-side on their 1983 single "Radio Free Europe" (and appeared on their B-side compilation Dead Letter Office in 1987). It was also included as a bonus track on the 1993 re-release of R.E.M.'s 1983 album Murmur.
Personnel
Lou Reed – lead vocals, lead guitar
John Cale – bass, backing vocals
Sterling Morrison – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Maureen Tucker – percussion
References
1966 songs
The Velvet Underground songs
Songs written by Lou Reed
R.E.M. songs
Jangle pop songs |
23574290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A1ejany | Všejany | Všejany is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Vanovice is an administrative part of Všejany.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
20471119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paino%20Hehea | Paino Hehea | Kelekolio Paino Hehea (born 2 January 1979) in Vaini, Tonga) is rugby union footballer. His usual position is at lock. He currently plays for Rugby Calvisano after signing from Lyon OU.
Paino spent several seasons playing for Darlington Mowden Park R.F.C., a leading rugby union club in North East England. He played for Tonga at the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
References
lequipe.fr profile
1979 births
Living people
Lyon OU players
Rugby union locks
Tongan rugby union players
Tonga international rugby union players
Pacific Islanders rugby union players
Tongan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in France
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
People from Tongatapu |
6902768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20East%20Coast%20153 | Florida East Coast 153 | The Florida East Coast 153 is a historic Florida East Coast Railway 4-6-2 ALCO steam locomotive in Miami, Florida, USA.
The locomotive served on the Florida East Coast Railway from 1922 to 1938, and pulled a train carrying President Calvin Coolidge to Miami in 1928. In 1935, when she was in use on the run between Miami and Key West, #153 was one of the last engines to reach Miami before the hurricane that year destroyed the bridges to the Florida Keys. For pulling the "rescue train" out of Marathon, #153 (currently at the Gold Coast Railroad Museum) was added to the National Register of Historic Places in the 1980s. After 1938 #153 was used as an industrial switcher by the United States Sugar Corporation of Clewiston, Florida. In 1957, she was donated to the University of Miami. From March 1957 until November 1966, she operated in Miami every Sunday. In 1966 she received a major overhaul, after which she was inspected and subsequently certified by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Due to age and damage by Hurricane Andrew in 1992, she is currently out of service. On February 21, 1985, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is located at the Gold Coast Railroad Museum, 12400 Southwest 152nd Street, Miami, FL.
See also
U.S. Sugar 148
References
Miami-Dade County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Dade County listings
Florida East Coast Railway Locomotive #153
How to Boot a Steam Locomotive, Phil Jern 1990.
National Register of Historic Places in Miami
Individual locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives on the National Register of Historic Places
ALCO locomotives
4-6-2 locomotives
Locomotive 153
Steam locomotives of the United States
Preserved steam locomotives of the United States
Rail infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1922
Preserved steam locomotives of Florida |
23574292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20Cream%20Freeze%20%28Let%27s%20Chill%29 | Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill) | "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" is a pop song by American recording artist and actress Miley Cyrus, performing as Hannah Montana – the alter ego of Miley Stewart – a character she played on the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana. The song was written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil and produced by Gerrard. It is from the series' third soundtrack, Hannah Montana 3. A karaoke version is available in Disney's Karaoke Series: Hannah Montana 3. It is an instructional dance song with a country pop sound and lyrics referencing ice cream and other frozen treats.
The song garnered negative reviews from critics but enjoyed humble commercial success for Cyrus in several countries, compared to those of her previous efforts as Montana. "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" made its highest peak by charting at number fifty-seven on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The song also charted in the United Kingdom and the United States. A music video for "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" was released, taken of footage from a concert performance.
Background
"Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" was co-written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, a duo of longtime songwriters for Montana; Together, they wrote her hit "The Best of Both Worlds" (2006). A karaoke version is available in Disney's Karaoke Series: Hannah Montana 3. "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" has corresponding dance moves designed by Jamal Sims, which are heavily influenced by line dancing. It was first titled "Let's Chill" and leaked into the Internet in November 2008, along with six other songs from the soundtrack. The song first premiered on Radio Disney on May 22, 2009, in order to promote the soundtrack; it was afterward released as a promotional single from Hannah Montana 3 on June 30, 2009, as part of Radio Disney's iTunes Pass, an exclusive campaign launched by the iTunes Store.
Composition
"Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" is a country pop song with a length of three minutes and seven seconds. According to AllMusic, "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" contains dance-pop and teen pop influences in its musical composition. Warren Truitt of About.com also cited dance music as the song's "craze". The song is set in common time and has a moderate dance groove tempo. It is written in the key of F major and it follows the chord progression F–E♭–B♭. Peter Larsen of The Orange County Register believed the song was "more or less literally is about ice cream and other frozen delights", referencing the lines "Do the ice cream freeze, strike a pose / Can you do the milkshake / Shake it, shake it down low".
Reception
Critical reception
The song garnered negative reactions from contemporary critics. Heather Phares of Allmusic said, "'Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill),' [...] sounds extremely similar to the soundtrack's 'Hoedown Throwdown.' That feeling of familiarity extends to the songs that haven't appeared anywhere else." Warren Truitt of About.com agreed and described the song to be "silly" and "as awkwardly goofy" as "Hoedown Throwdown". Peter Larsen of The Orange County Register identified the track to be a "crowd pleaser".
Chart performance
On the week ending July 25, 2009, "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" debuted and peaked at number eighty-seven on the Billboard Hot 100; the following week, it dropped out of the chart. On the week ending 2009, the song debuted and peaked at number fifty seven in the Canadian Hot 100, thus becoming Cyrus' second highest-charting song as Montana in Canada. The song dropped to number one-hundred in the following week and completely fell from the chart the week after. On the week ending August 1, 2009, "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" entered the UK Singles Chart at number ninety-five. It marked Cyrus' first entry in the country as Montana since "The Best Both Worlds", which charted in March 2007. On the week ending August 8, 2009, the song reached its peak on the chart at number ninety.
Live performances
Cyrus, dressed as Montana, premiered "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)", along with eight other songs, at the concert taping for the third season of Hannah Montana, which was set on October 10 in Irvine, California at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre. In the performance, Montana dressed in a black tee shirt with a pink star, pink zebra patterned skirt, pink cowboy boots and a bejeweled vest and performed the corresponding choreography. Six backup dancers, also costumed by Western clothing, later appeared to perform. Peter Larsen of The Orange County Register recalled his two children enjoying the dance and referred to it as "probably one of the most popular of the eight new songs Miley performs tonight." The performance was later released as the song's music video on May 22, 2009, on Disney Channel.
Charts
References
2009 songs
Dance-pop songs
Hannah Montana songs
Songs from television series
Songs written by Matthew Gerrard
Songs written by Robbie Nevil
Walt Disney Records singles
Song recordings produced by Matthew Gerrard |
6902779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entering%20a%20New%20Ride | Entering a New Ride | Entering a New Ride is the ninth and final album by Big Audio Dynamite. Radioactive Records declined to release the album, so the band posted the tracks on its website. It was recorded in 1997.
It is one of the earliest Internet-distributed albums.
Track listing
Disc one
"Man That Is Dynamite" – 6:23
"BAD and the Night Time Ride" – 4:55
"Sunday Best" – 4:20
"Must Be the Music" – 6:08
"Taking You to Another Dimension" – 6:49
"Sound of the BAD" – 6:20
"Cozy Ten Minutes" – 8:11
"Get High" – 5:01
"Bang Ice Geezer" – 4:33
"On the Ones and Twos" – 4:59
"Nice and Easy" – 6:53
Disc two
"Go with the Flow" – 11:12
"Sound of the Joe" – 6:21
"Man That Is Dynamite" (mix) – 5:21
"Sunday Best" (Christmas 99 mix) – 6:01
"Sunday Best" (extended mix) – 7:27
"Sunday Best" (remix) – 7:12
"BAD And The Night Time Ride " (Remix) – 7:54
Personnel
Big Audio Dynamite
Mick Jones - vocals, guitar, producer
Ranking Roger - vocals
Nick Hawkins - guitar
André Shapps - keyboards, drum programming, producer
Daryl Fulstow - bass
Bob Wond - drums
Michael Custance/Lord Zonka - vocals, DJ, songwriter, producer
DJ Joe Attard - vocals, MC , songwriter, producer
References
External links
YouTube stream
1999 albums
Big Audio Dynamite albums
Albums free for download by copyright owner |
6902781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Patrick%27s%20Grammar%20School | St. Patrick's Grammar School | St. Patrick's Grammar School may refer to:
St Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh, Armagh, Northern Ireland
St Patrick's Grammar School, Downpatrick, Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland |
23574294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C4%8F%C3%A1r%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Žďár (Mladá Boleslav District) | Žďár is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Břehy, Doubrava, Příhrazy, Skokovy and Žehrov are administrative parts of Žďár.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDer%C4%8Dice | Žerčice | Žerčice a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDidn%C4%9Bves | Židněves | Židněves is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezlogi | Berezlogi | Berezlogi is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Berezlogi and Hîjdieni.
Notable people
Boris Movilă (born 1928), writer
References
Communes of Orhei District |
20471206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%20St.%20Louis%20Cardinals%20%28NFL%29%20season | 1980 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season | The 1980 St. Louis Cardinals season was the 61st season the team was in the league. The team matched their previous output of 5–11. The team failed to reach the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season.
Offseason
NFL Draft
Personnel
Staff
Roster
Schedule
Standings
References
1980
St. Louis Cardinals |
23574306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chot%C4%9Btov | Chotětov | Chotětov is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Hřivno is an administrative part of Chotětov.
References
Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
20471221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrajina%20%C5%A1t.%202 | Pokrajina št. 2 | Pokrajina št. 2 (Landscape No. 2) is a 2008 Slovenian film directed by Vinko Möderndorfer. The film appeared at the 65th Venice International Film Festival. It won the best film award at the 11th Slovenian Film Festival.
The film deals with crimes by the Yugoslav Partisans in 1945 in post-World War II Slovenia.
References
External links
Slovenian films
2008 films |
20471300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Following%20My%20Own%20Tracks | Following My Own Tracks | Following My Own Tracks is a single by The Whitlams from their second album, Undeniably. It is one of seven songs written by Stevie Plunder on the album. Released on 2 June 1995.
Track listing
Met My Match – 3:36
Following My Own Tracks – 3:31
Pass The Flagon – 3:32
You'll Find a Way – 4:25
References
The Whitlams songs
1995 singles
Songs written by Stevie Plunder
1994 songs |
23574307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C3%ADnky | Sovínky | Sovínky is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Geography
Sovínky is located about southwest of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague. It lies in the Jizera Table plateau.
History
The first written mention of Sovínky is from 1360.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
23574311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuruzeni | Cucuruzeni | Cucuruzeni is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Cucuruzeni and Ocnița-Răzeși.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AErze%C8%99ti | Mîrzești | Mîrzești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mîrzaci and Mîrzești.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20urophylla | Tolumnia urophylla | {{Speciesbox
| image = Tolumnia urophylla (as Oncidium urophyllum) - Edwards vol 28 (NS 5) pl 54 (1842).jpg
| image_caption = Illustration of Tolumnia urophylla
| genus = Tolumnia (plant)
| species = urophylla
| authority = (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Braem
| synonyms =
Oncidium urophyllum Lodd. ex Lindl. (basionym)Oncidium urophyllum f. flavum R.J.Midgett
}}Tolumnia urophylla'' is a species of orchid endemic to the Lesser Antilles.
External links
urophylla
Orchids of the Caribbean
Orchids of Îles des Saintes
Flora of the Leeward Islands
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
23574344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar%20of%20Plagues | Altar of Plagues | Altar of Plagues were an Irish extreme metal band, founded in Cork by James Kelly. After gaining attention in the metal community with a series of self recorded demos and EPs, the band released their first studio album, White Tomb, in April 2009 on Profound Lore Records. Following a year of gigging and some changes to the lineup, the group announced their signing with Candlelight Records in January 2010. They released their second album Mammal in 2011, with US/Can and ROW editions featuring alternate artworks. The album was followed by subsequent touring, including a European headline tour and festival appearances.
They played the third annual Hopscotch Music Festival in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA which took place 6–8 September 2012.
Their third album, Teethed Glory and Injury was released in 2013 and met largely with critical acclaim. Anthony Fantano of the Needle Drop placed it at #3 on The Needle Drop's "Top-50 Albums of 2013" and later placed it at #56 on the "Top 200 Albums of the 2010s. Terrorizer named it #2 on "Terrorizer 50 Albums Of The Year 2013".
On 15 June 2013, the band announced via Facebook that they were splitting up and that their final live performance would be at the Unsound Festival in Poland in October. However, in January 2015, after having teased it for weeks, Altar of Plagues announced a few shows to take place in early 2015. Subsequently, in late 2015, the band announced it would embark on one last tour across mainland Europe with fellow Irish band Malthusian (with whom Altar of Plagues' drummer Johnny King also plays). Their final performance was at the Damnation Festival 2015.
James Kelly now releases music under the name WIFE while Johnny King drums for Conan.
Band members
Current members
James Kelly - guitar, vocals, keyboards, drums
Johnny King - drums
Live musicians
Barry O'Sullivan - guitar
Barry English - drums
Stavros Giannopoulos - guitar
Past members
Dave Condon - Bass, Vocals
Bryan O'Sullivan - guitar
Jeremiah Spillane - guitar
Discography
Studio albums
White Tomb (2009)
Mammal (2011)
Teethed Glory and Injury (2013)
Demos and EPs
First Plague (2006)
Through the Cracks of the Earth (2007)
Tides (2010)
Split with Year of No Light (2011)
References
External links
Irish black metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2006
Musical groups disestablished in 2013
2006 establishments in Ireland
2013 disestablishments in Ireland
Musical groups from Cork (city)
Musical quartets
Blackgaze musical groups
Profound Lore Records artists |
20471352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Hartmann | Emil Hartmann | Emil Hartmann (1 February 1836, Denmark – 18 July 1898, Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish composer of the romantic period, fourth generation of composers in the Danish Hartmann musical family.
Early life and education
Hartmann was born on 1 February 1836 in Copenhagen, the eldest son of composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann and of his composer wife Emma Hartmann. He grew up in the Zinn House in Copenhagen.
Emil Hartmann got his first education from his father Johan Peter Emilius and brother-in-law Niels Gade. His piano teachers were Niels Ravnkilde (1823-1890) and Anton Rée (1820-1886). Letters from Hans Christian Andersen show that he was composing even before he could talk properly.
Career
Emil Hartmann was a prolific composer who wrote seven symphonies, concertos for respectively violin, cello and piano, several ouvertures, a symphonic poem (Hakon Jarl), orchestral suites, serenades, ballets, operas and singspiels, incidental music and cantatas. He was also the author of multiple works of chamber music (nonet, piano quintet, string quartets, clarinet quartets, piano trios, serenade for clarinet, cello and piano, sonatas for violin and piano, etc), songs and piano music. His opera Ragnhild («Runenzauber» in German) was created by Gustav Mahler in Hamburg. His music is resolutely Nordic, colourful and melodic and won great popularity in his days when performed. At the time, his arrangements of Scandinavian folk music became famous, in line with Brahms’ Hungarian Dances or Dvorak's Slavonic Dances. Stylistically, his works form a Scandinavian pendant to the music of some of his more famous contemporaries such as Dvorak or Tchaikovsky. Most of his works were published by German editors.
In 1858, Hartmann' s first major work to be played in public was a Passion Hymn on a text by Bernhard Severin Ingemann for Soprano, Chorus and Orchestra, played on Easter Day in Copenhagen Cathedral. That same year, he and his later brother-in-law August Winding were given the task to compose music for August Bournonville's ballet Fjeldstuen. The ballet was first performed at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen in May 1859 and became an immediate success which ran for a long time.
Still in 1859, he received a scholarship and went on study tour to Germany, where he spent most time in Leipzig, but visited also Berlin, Paris and Vienna. After returning to Denmark, he took a position as organist at the St. Johannes Church in Copenhagen in 1861 and from 1871 at the Christiansborg Palace Chapel.
Emil Hartmann was a gifted conductor and went yearly on tour to Germany and elsewhere to conduct his works in the major cities, always to great acclaim. Following the decease of Niels W. Gade, he became his successor at the head of the Copenhagen Musikforeningen for a brief period but had to resign for health reasons.
Family
Emil Hartmann belonged to an old family of artists which dominated Danish musical life for close to a century and a half. He was fourth generation of composers in the Hartmann family, as well as brother-in-law to composers Niels Gade and August Winding, and brother to the sculptor Carl Hartmann.
He married Bolette Puggaard, a daughter of the wealthy merchant and philanthropist Rudolph Puggaard and granddaughter of merchant Hans Puggaard and his painter wife Bolette Puggaard. For his wedding in the Cathedral Vor Frue Kirke in Copenhagen, Niels W. Gade and Hans Christian Andersen wrote in common a wedding cantata. He acquired the house Carlsminde on the countryside North of Copenhagen where he could compose quietly.
Emil Hartmann had three sons, Johannes Palmer Hartmann (1870-1948) who established a large horticulture in Ghent, Rudolph Puggaard Hartmann (1871-1958), an electro-engineer, and Oluf Hartmann (1879-1910), a painter, who died early and in whose memory Carl Nielsen wrote his Andante Lamentoso, "At the bier of a young artist". His two daughters were Bodil Neergaard (1867-1959), a soprano, philanthropist and patron of the arts who lived at Fuglsang Manor in Lolland, and Agnete Lehmann (1868-1902), actress at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, and wife of Julius Lehmann (1861-1931), theatre and opera instructor. The Danish film director Lars von Trier descends from Emil Hartmann.
Personality
Emil Hartmann’s highly eccentric personality was multifaceted and reflected both his great charm, his fiery temper and a darker and melancholic side. He had a baroque sense of humour. One day for instance, when he was staying at Fuglsang manor, a German lady, Mrs Ströhmer, had been expected but her arrival had been delayed. So he decided instead to dress himself up with grey curls and a black dress, pretending to be her, and played his role so well that none of the other guests doubted a minute that he was really «Mrs Ströhmer». One of them whispered to her neighbour that this was really a «rather vulgar person». The children were struggling to remain serious. However, at one point, «Mrs Ströhmer» made a dramatic gesture pointing at a painting on the wall of the naked Kraka, trying in vain to hide her charms by means of a fishing net, and said loudly in German: «Ah, maybe the late baroness?», whereupon everybody burst into laughter and the disguise could no longer be hidden.
Emil Hartmann was a cosmopolitan and used to say: «Yes of course, God, King and Country, and the World Axe goes through the horse in Kongens Nytorv«(statue in Copenhagen’s central square). His son Rudolph describes also his hostility to the rampant anti-semitism of the day, one of his favourite sayings being that «we are all Jews for our Lord».
All his life, Emil Hartmann suffered from poor health, psychological troubles and regular depressions, and decided on several occasions to reside in psychiatric institutions for treatment. His later years were marked by a growing weakness that often put him in dark moods; he tried then to abreact by taking a walk with a whip and crack it at imaginary critics of his art.
After his death, his music fell in oblivion, but is having a certain renaissance lately.
List of works
Here is an incomplete list of his works:
First Piano Sonata, in F Major
Second Piano Sonata, in D Major
Scherzetto for piano, dedicated to Niels Wilhelm Gade
Two Capriccios for Piano
Jery und Baetely (Singspiel after Goethe)
First String Quartet, in A Major
First Piano Trio, in F sharp minor
First Quartet, in A Major, for Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello
Second Quartet, in B Major, for Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello
First Sonata for Violin and Piano, in G Major
Op. 1 Four Songs for Voice and Piano, on texts by Emil Aarestrup and Christian Winther (1857)
Passion Hymn (Soprano, Chorus and Orchestra, on a text by Bernhard Severin Ingemann 1858)
Fjeldstuen (Ballet composed together with his brother-in-law August Winding, on a choreography by August Bournonville, 1859)
Op. 2 Halling og Menuet (Wedding music - published as Nordic folk dance no. 4)
Ten Spiritual Songs (1860)
Op. 3 A Night in the Mountains (En Nat mellem Fjeldene, Singspiel after Jens Christian Hostrup, 1863)
Op. 3a Spring Dance (Published as Nordic folk dance No. 5)
Cantata for the Inauguration of the Johanneskirke in Copenhagen (Chorus and Organ, 1861)
Wedding songs (Chorus and Orchestra, 1864, for his own wedding)
Op. 4 Elver Girl (Elverpigen, Opera after Thomas Overskou, 1867)
Op. 5 Twenty Four Romances and melodies for song and piano (dedicated to Bolette Hartmann, 1864, wherein nine love songs after Christian Winther, published in Germany as Lieder und Weisen im nordischem Volkston, for Voice and Piano)
Op. 5a Piano Quintet, in G minor (1865)
Op. 6 First Symphony, in D minor
Op. 6a Old Memories (Gamle Minder, Second movement of the first symphony, later published as Nordic folk dance No. 2)
Op. 6b Elver girls and hunters (Elverpigerne og jægerne, Third movement of the first symphony, later published as Nordic folk dance No. 3)
Op. 7 Suite (Orchestra)
Op. 8 Little Mermaid (Havfruen - Solo, Chorus and Orchestra - 1867)
Op. 9 Second Symphony, in E minor
Op. 10 Second Piano Trio, in B Major (1867, dedicated to J.P.E. Hartmann)
Op. 10a Second String Quartet, in A Major
Op. 11 Fra Hoejlandene, Nordiske Tonebilleder, for piano (Five Pieces entitled respectively: Fra Højlandene, Gamle minder, En leg, Fra fjorden, Folkedans -1869)
Cantata for Rudolf and Signe Puggaard’s Silver Wedding (Chorus and Piano, 1868)
Op. 12 Second Sonata for Violin and Piano, in A minor (1868)
Op. 12a Andante and Allegro for Violin and Piano (first movement of the Sonata Opus 12, dedicated to N.W. Gade)
Third Symphony, in B flat major (1871)
Op. 13 Vinter og Vaar (Winter and Spring, Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra, 1872)
Op. 13a Five Melodies for Mezzo or Bariton and Piano (dedicated to Signe Puggaard)
Dæmring (Prelude to the Ballet Valdemar, Choreography by August Bournonville, 1872)
Korsikaneren (Corsica transferees - Singspiel after Ludovic de Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges,1873)
Op. 14 Third String Quartet, in A minor
Op. 14a Romances and Songs, for Voice and Piano (1871)
Op. 15 Fra Aarets Tider. To i Baaden (Songs for Men Chorus, 1875)
Op. 15a Three Melodies
Op. 16 Arabesque and Caprice, for Piano (dedicated to Ferdinand Hiller - 1876)
Op. 17 Third Sonata for Piano, in F Major (1879)
Op. 18 Scherzo (for orchestra, Published as Nordic folk dance No. 1 - The dances Op. 3a, 2, 6a and 6b were collected in a Suite called "Nordic folk dances")
Op. 19 Violin Concerto, in G minor (1879, dedicated to Joseph Joachim)
Op. 20 Fourteen Small Songs for the Youth (Works from his childhood, published in 1877)
Op. 21 Four Songs for Intermediary Voice and Piano (I Storm, Nattergalen, Myggevise, Aftensang)
Op. 22 Christines Sange, Religious Songs for Voice and Piano (1877)
Op.23 Ballscenen, Taenze und Arabesken, for Piano (Suite comprising: Introduction, Graceful Waltz, Polka, Menuet, Intermezzo I - la Coquette, Cross dance, Waltz, Furious Gallop, Intermezzo II - Love scene, Zipline, FInal Waltz - printed in 1880)
Op. 24 Serenade for Clarinet, Cello and Piano, in A major (1877)
Op. 25 Hærmændene på Helgeland (in German: Eine Nordische Heerfahrt, Concert Overture after Henrik Ibsen, 1878)
Op. 26 Cello Concerto, in D minor (ca. 1879)
Op. 27 Four Songs for Men Chorus
Op. 28 Three Mazurkas for Piano (1881)
Op. 29 Fourth Symphony (Published as No. 1), in E flat major (1879)
Op. 30 Skandinavisk Folkemusik (50 Pieces for the Piano, some of which he later orchestrated and arranged in four suites for orchestra - 1881)
Op. 31 Four Piano Pieces (Entitled respectively: Elegi, Impromptu, Canzonetta, Etude - 1889)
Op. 32 A Carnival Fest (Suite of dances for orchestra, comprising a March, a Mazurka, an Introduction and Waltz, an Intermezzo and a final Tarentella -1882)
Op. 33 Towards the Light (Cantata after Martin Kok for Chorus and orchestra)
Jean-Marie (Stage music, 1883)
Op. 34 Fifth Symphony (Published as No. 2), in A minor, Fra Riddertiden (From Knights' Time) (published in 1887)
Op. 34a Im Mondschein (I Maaneskin), Introduction and Waltz for Orchestra (1887)
Op. 35a Lieder und Gesaenge, for Voice and Piano, vol 1 comprising six melodies (1886)
Op. 35b Lieder und Gesaenge, for Voice and Piano, vol 2 comprising six other melodies (1886)
Op. 36 Fire Sange i Folketone (1886)
Op. 37 Fourth String Quartet, in C minor (1885)
Op. 39 Dance Suite for Orchestra (Comprising a Polka, a Waltz and a Gallop - 1887)
Op. 40 Hakon Jarl (Symphonic Poem, dedicated to his daughter Agnete Lehmann - 1886)
Op. 41 Norsk Lyrik, Songs for Voice and Piano (Cycle of 14 songs, on Norwegian poems, dedicated to his daughter Bodil Neergaard -1890)
Op. 42 Sixth Symphony (Published as No. 3), in D major (dedicated to the Royal Chapel in Berlin, 1887)
Op. 43 Serenade (Nonet) for Flute, Oboe, 2 Clarinets, 2 Bassoons, 2 Horns, Violoncello and Double Bass (ca.1885)
Op. 44 Scottish Overture (Orchestra, 1890)
Christian den Anden (Christian II, Incidental music for a play by Jenny Blicher, 1889)
Scandinavian Fest March (for Orchestra, ca. 1889)
Op. 45 Dyvekesuite (Incidental music for the play Kristian den Anden, arranged as a Suite for Small Orchestra, and comprising the following pieces: Narren, Bondedans, Dyveke danser for Kongen, Fredløs, Romance, Folkedans, Afskeden - ca. 1890)
Conzerthaus-Polka (Orchestra, 1891)
Op. 46 Ouverture Pastorale (for Orchestra, 1869)
Op. 47 Piano concerto, in F minor (Dedicated to Julius Roentgen,1891)
A Storm in a Tea Cup (Incidental music to a play by Helge Hostrup, 1892)
The Island of Sydhavet (Øen I Sydhavet, Incidental music to a play by Holger Drachmann, 1893)
Op. 49 Seventh Symphony (numbered as No. 4), in D minor (1893)
Ragnhild (Runenzauber in German, or Magical runes, Opera after Henrik Hertz, 1896)
Wedding Festival in Hardanger (En Bryllupsfest i Hardanger, Ballet, 1897)
Det store Lod (Comic Opera after Henrik Hertz, 1898)
By Summertime (Ved Sommertiden, Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra)
Rinaldo (Cantata for Solo, Chorus and Orchestra)
Idyll (Cantata for Soprano, Tenor and Orchestra)
Bellmanske Sange (for four voices dame chorus)
4 Spiritual Songs
6 Quartets for Male Voices (1880)
Efterklang til Tyrfing (after the poetry of Henrik Hertz)
Fourth Piano Sonata, in G minor (Last movement unfinished)
Det døende barn (The dying child, Song for Voice and Piano after Hans Christian Andersen)
Berceuse for Violin and Piano, in E major
Many other unpublished works, and in particular songs and piano music, mainly from his younger years.
Sources
Bodil Neergaard, Hendes Slaegt og Virke skildret af Slaegt og Venner i Anledning af Hendes 80-aars Dag, Koebenhavn 1947
Soerensen, Inger, Hartmann, Et Dansk Komponistdynasti, Koebenhavn 1999, 656 pages
Soerensen, Inger, JPE Hartmann og Hans kreds. En komponistfamilies breve 1780-1900, bd 1-4, Koebenhavn 1999-1900, 2452 pages
Soerensen, Inger, Emil Hartmann, Koebenhavn, 2020
Kritischer Bericht ueber die Aufuehrungen der Compositionen von Emil Hartmann, Koebenhavn, 1896
External links
Biography at naxos.com
1836 births
1898 deaths
Male composers
Musicians from Copenhagen
19th-century Danish people
19th-century Danish composers
University of Copenhagen alumni
Burials at Holmen Cemetery
19th-century male musicians
Hartmann family |
20471379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Schultz | Bill Schultz | Bill or William Schultz may refer to:
Bill Schultz (American football) (born 1967), American retired football player
Bill Schultz (producer) (born 1960), American television producer
Bill Schultz (Fender) (1926–2006), CEO of Fender Musical Instruments Corporation
Bill Schultz (rugby league, born 1891) (1891–1975), Australian rugby league footballer
William Schultz (rugby league) (1938–2015), known as Bill, New Zealand rugby league footballer
William L. Schultz (1923–2009), American circus performer, teacher, and writer
Captain Willy Schultz, a comic book character
See also
William Schulz (disambiguation), including Bill Schulz |
23574345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morozeni | Morozeni | Morozeni is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Breanova and Morozeni.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921%20East%20Dorset%20by-election | 1921 East Dorset by-election | The 1921 East Dorset by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Dorset on 16 April 1921.
Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting MP for East Dorset, Freddie Guest, to the office of Secretary of State for Air. Under the Parliamentary procedures of the day, he was obliged to resign his seat and fight a by-election.
Candidates
Guest re-contested the seat for the Coalition government of David Lloyd George. As its representative, he was supported by Liberals and Unionists.
He was to be opposed for Labour by the Reverend Fred Hopkins, a Methodist minister and former brickyard worker from the age of just ten years but Hopkins was reported to be very ill at the time for nominations and the local Labour Party decided not to contest the by-election. Hopkins stood for Parliament a number of times for Labour in different constituencies but was never elected.
The result
The election was uncontested and Guest was returned unopposed. At this time the Coalition was experiencing a good run of by-election results and Labour was making little headway in opposing the government.
References
See also
List of United Kingdom by-elections
United Kingdom by-election records
East Dorset by-election
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Dorset constituencies
Unopposed ministerial by-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in English constituencies
East Dorset by-election
20th century in Dorset
East Dorset by-election |
6902794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu%20Guohui | Yu Guohui | Yu Guohui (; born April 30, 1977 in Qingdao) is a retired male Chinese race walker.
Achievements
References
1977 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Chinese male racewalkers
Olympic athletes of China
Athletes from Qingdao
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games |
6902795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara%20Cogan | Sara Cogan | Sara Cogan is a British television and theatre actress, based in London.
She graduated from The Academy of Live and Recorded Arts in 2003, after a three-year acting course.
She went on to appear in 2003's sixth run of The Newsrevue, the longest-running theatrical comedy show in the United Kingdom, appearing alongside James Shakeshaft, Paul Millard and Sarah Mae.
She has had television roles in Doctors, playing Gemma Bullock, The Walk, playing Beverley and Footballers' Wives, playing a hotel receptionist.
Her most recent role was as a midwife named Cheryl in EastEnders, alongside Emma Barton (Honey Mitchell) and Perry Fenwick (Billy Mitchell), in a storyline about Down syndrome.
References
External links
British television actresses
British stage actresses
British soap opera actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
6902800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo%20Andr%C3%A9%20Beach | Santo André Beach | Santo André Beach (Praia de Santo André in Portuguese, lit. "Saint Andrew Beach") is an extensive and wide maritime beach of Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. It is located in Santo André, between the A Ver-o-Mar and Aguçadoura. It borders Cape Santo André to the south.
This beach is very beautiful. It has flowers and pretty skies and an ocean.
Beaches of Póvoa de Varzim |
6902815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEAN | CLEAN | CLEAN may refer to:
Component Validator for Environmentally Friendly Aero Engine
CLEAN (algorithm), a computational algorithm used in astronomy to perform a deconvolution on dirty images
Commonwealth Law Enforcement Assistance Network, a system used by law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies in Pennsylvania which interfaces NCIC, Penndot and other sources beneficial to law enforcement personnel. Operated by the Pennsylvania State Police.
Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Noble gases, a liquid argon dark matter detector under construction at SNOLAB. |
6902833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20de%20Villalba%20y%20Toledo | Diego de Villalba y Toledo | Diego de Villalba y Toledo, marqués de Campo, señor de la Villa de Santacruz de Pinares was a Spanish general of artillery and colonial governor in America. From 1667 to 1671 he was governor of New Kingdom of Granada – Nuevo Reino de Granada – (greater Colombia), then part of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Villalba y Toledo was a knight of the Order of Santiago and majordomo of Juan José of Austria, son of Spanish King Philip IV. From 1647 to 1653 Villalba was governor of Cuba.
In 1667 he became governor of Nuevo Reino de Granada (New Granada). During his administration the Grand Bridge over the Bogotá River was completed, and also a bridge over the Río Gualí at Honda. These were constructed by Indigenous labor. He traveled to Cartagena de Indias to inspect its defenses after the English pirate Henry Morgan attacked the Castle of San Felipe in 1668. At the same time, there were reports that the French also planned a landing in New Granada.
Because of a shortage of coinage in New Granada, Villalba ordered the silver bars be melted down to make coins of one quarter and one half real.
There was a variety of complaints to the Crown against Villalba's administration, and Bishop Melchor Liñán y Cisneros was appointed visitador (inspector) to investigate them. The bishop ordered that Villalba be arrested and confined in Villa de Leiva. There were 70 charges against him, and he was convicted of robbing the dead. On 2 June 1671, Liñán y Cisneros replaced him on a temporary basis as governor and captain general of New Granada. Liñán y Cisneros later became viceroy of Peru.
Villalba y Toledo died in Seville.
References
Text loosely translated from the Spanish Wikipedia article.
Villalba y Toledo
Villalba y Toledo
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba
Villalba |
6902857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiyo%20District | Keiyo District | Keiyo District (also known as Elgeyo district or Elgeiyo) is a defunct administrative district in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. The district was formed in 1994, when Elgeyo/Marakwet-District was split into two - the other half was Marakwet District. Keiyo District had a population of 143.865 . Its capital was located in the Iten/Tambach town. In 2010, the districts were re-joined as Elgeyo-Marakwet County.
Local people are mostly of the Keiyo Tribe. Many famous Kenyan runners come from the district, including Saif Saaeed Shaheen (born Stephen Cherono), Vivian Cheruiyot and Lornah Kiplagat. The area is used by local and foreign athletes for high-altitude training.
Mining of fluorite by the Kenya Fluorspar Company is the largest industry in the former district.
Local authorities
Keiyo District has two local authorities:
Iten/Tambach town (population: 31,813; urban population: 3,968)
Keiyo county council (population: 112,052; urban population: 1,868)
Administrative divisions
Constituencies
The district had two constituencies:
Keiyo North Constituency
Keiyo South Constituency
See also
Kaptarakwa, a village in the Chapkorio division of Keiyo District
Kimwarer, a town in the Soy Division of Keiyo district
References
External links
Kalenjin Online - Keiyo District
Keiyo Heritage - Keiyo District
Former districts of Kenya |
6902860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Zewen | Li Zewen | Li Zewen (; born 5 December 1973 in Qujing, Yunnan) is a retired Chinese race walker.
Achievements
References
1973 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Asian Games
Chinese male racewalkers
Olympic athletes of China
People from Qujing
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes from Yunnan
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships winners |
44498159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wout%20van%20Aert | Wout van Aert | Wout van Aert (born 15 September 1994) is a Belgian professional road and cyclo-cross racer who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . He won the men's elite race at the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in 2016, 2017 and 2018. He joined in March 2019, on a three-year deal after terminating his contract with in 2018.
Career
Van Aert was born in Herentals, Flanders, into a family not involved in cycle racing, although one of his father's cousins is Dutch former professional cyclist Jos van Aert. He started his career in cyclo-cross where he became World champion (2016, 2017, 2018) and Belgian champion (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022).
He rode the 2018 Strade Bianche, held partly on gravel roads in torrential rain. He broke away with Romain Bardet () and the pair lead the race for much of the final before Tiesj Benoot () attacked from a chasing group to catch and then drop them in the final sector of dirt roads. Benoot soloed to victory by 39 seconds ahead of Bardet, who dropped van Aert in the final kilometre; van Aert ultimately completed the podium a further 19 seconds in arrears, despite having to remount his bicycle after falling on the final climb in Siena.
Transfer controversy
Van Aert rode with the team during road races in 2018. Over the year, he expressed dissatisfaction with the news that the team was set to merge with for 2019. Having already signed a contract to ride with from 2020 onwards, he terminated his contract with in September 2018. Were he to join another team for 2019, Sniper Cycling – the owners of the team – were said to be demanding €500,000 in compensation. were reported to be interested in signing van Aert a year earlier than originally agreed, and confirmation of the transfer was announced in December 2018, with van Aert joining the team from 1 March 2019.
Jumbo–Visma (2019–present)
2019
In June 2019, van Aert won two stages and the green jersey in the Critérium du Dauphiné, became national time trial champion, and won the bronze medal in the road race at the national championship. In July 2019, he was named in the startlist for the Tour de France. On 15 July, van Aert won Stage 10 from Saint-Flour to Albi, in a sprint finish ahead of Elia Viviani and Caleb Ewan. On 19 July, he had a crash during the individual time trial stage in Pau, and was forced to abandon the race due to his injuries. It was not known at the time whether he would recover for the cyclocross season or even the classics at the start of the 2020 road cycling season.
Van Aert later told newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws that the crash was so severe that it could have ended his career, worsened by a mistake during his surgery, when doctors did not properly work on one of his tendons. In November 2019, van Aert won the Flandrien of the Year award.
2020
On 1 August 2020, van Aert won the first rescheduled 2020 UCI World Tour race to be held following the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Strade Bianche after attacking solo with around 13 kilometers remaining. The following week, van Aert won the rescheduled 2020 Milan–San Remo after outsprinting French rider Julian Alaphilippe, the defending champion, of , in a two-up sprint, after the duo had broken away from the peloton on the descent of the Poggio. On 2 September 2020, he won the 5th stage of the Tour de France from Gap to Privas, in a light uphill sprint. He also won the sprint in the 7th stage Millau to Lavaur. At the 2020 World Championships in Imola van Aert won the silver medal in both the individual time trial and in the road race.
2021
Van Aert started the 2021 road season on 6 March at the Strade Bianche and came in fourth place. He then rode the Tirreno-Adriatico with Overall aspirations, winning the opening stage in a bunch sprint ahead of elite sprinters like Caleb Ewan and Elia Viviani. After consistent and strong performances in the rest of the race, including a victory in the last stage, a 10.1 kilometre time trial, he managed to win the points classification and finish second in the general classification behind the 2020 Tour champion Tadej Pogačar. After Tirreno-Adriatico van Aert became third in Milan–San Remo behind Jasper Stuyven and Caleb Ewan. On 28 March van Aert sprinted to victory in Gent-Wevelgem after making the winning selection during the early stages of the race. On 18 April van Aert won the Amstel Gold Race after a thrilling sprint which was decided by a photofinish before Tom Pidcock.
On 7 July van Aert won Stage 11 of the 2021 Tour de France by attacking on the last climb of Mount Ventoux over 32 kilometres from the finish. Afterwards van Aert said this victory on such an iconic mountain stage was the biggest win of his career. On 17 July 2021 Wout Van Aert won Stage 20, which was a 30.8 km individual time trial, in the time of 0h 35’ 53" [50.3 km/h]. On 18 July 2021 Wout van Aert won Stage 21 winning the 108.4 km final stage of the 2021 Tour de France to take his third stage win in the 108th Tour de France race, crossing the finish line on the Champs-Élysées beating Jasper Philipsen to second place and Mark Cavendish to third place. After the race, van Aert said that "I guess I gave myself a problem because I have to catch a flight tonight (to the Olympics) and all these interviews will take a while... (but) to win three stages like this is priceless". He was the first rider to win a mountain stage, a time trial and a bunch sprint at the same Tour since Bernard Hinault in 1979.
In the Olympic road race he finished 1' 07" behind winner Richard Carapaz but won the sprint in the chasing group, earning the silver medal.
In September 2021, van Aert won the Tour of Britain.
At the 2021 UCI Road World Championships he earned the silver medal in the individual time trial.
2022
Van Aert started the 2022 road season with a win in the Omloop Het Nieuwblad after a 13 kilometre solo attack. He then won the time trial in Paris-Nice as well as the points classification. In the first monument of the year, Milan - San Remo, van Aert came 8th. He then won the E3 Saxo Bank Classic in an uncontested sprint with teammate Christophe Laporte with whom they attacked together on the Paterberg with 40 kilometres to Harelbeke and finished the race over one and a half minute ahead of the next group. A couple of days before the Tour of Flanders van Aert tested positive for COVID-19 and he had to forsake participation in the Tour of Flanders and the Amstel Gold Race. After two weeks without racing, van Aert returned with a second place in Paris-Roubaix. A week later, he came third on his debut in the Ardennes monument Liège–Bastogne–Liège.
Career achievements
Major results
Cyclo-cross
2011–2012
2nd UCI World Junior Championships
2nd National Junior Championships
2nd Overall Junior Superprestige
1st Ruddervoorde
2012–2013
1st Overall Under-23 Superprestige
1st Zonhoven
1st Gavere
1st Gieten
Under-23 BPost Bank Trophy
1st Sluitingsprijs
2nd Overall UCI Under-23 World Cup
3rd UCI World Under-23 Championships
3rd National Under-23 Championships
2013–2014
1st UCI World Under-23 Championships
1st Overall Under-23 BPost Bank Trophy
1st Hasselt
1st Grand Prix Rouwmoer
1st Azencross
1st Grand Prix Sven Nys
1st Krawatencross
1st Otegem
2nd Overall UCI Under-23 World Cup
1st Citadelcross
1st Nommay
2nd Overall Under-23 Superprestige
1st Gavere
1st Vlaamse Aardbeiencross
1st Middelkerke
2014–2015
1st UEC European Under-23 Championships
1st Overall BPost Bank Trophy
1st Koppenbergcross
1st Flandriencross
1st Grand Prix Rouwmoer
1st Azencross
1st Grand Prix Sven Nys
2nd Hasselt
2nd Krawatencross
UCI World Cup
1st Duinencross
2nd Hoogerheide
1st Bredenecross
1st Kasteelcross
1st Eeklo
1st Zilvermeercross
1st Sluitingsprijs
2nd UCI World Championships
2nd Jaarmarktcross
2nd Waregem
3rd National Championships
3rd Overall UCI Under-23 World Cup
1st Citadelcross
2nd Caubergcross
2nd Heusden-Zolder
Superprestige
3rd Vlaamse Aardbeiencross
3rd Middelkerke
Under-23 Superprestige
1st Gieten
1st Zonhoven
1st Gavere
1st Grand Prix de la Région Wallonne
2015–2016
1st UCI World Championships
1st National Championships
1st Overall UCI World Cup
1st CrossVegas
2nd Caubergcross
2nd Duinencross
2nd Citadelcross
2nd Lignières-en-Berry
2nd Hoogerheide
1st Overall Superprestige
1st Gieten
1st Zonhoven
1st Gavere
1st Grand Prix de la Région Wallonne
2nd Ruddervoorde
2nd Vlaamse Aardbeiencross
3rd Noordzeecross
1st Overall Bpost Bank Trophy
1st Ronse
1st Koppenbergcross
1st Bollekescross
1st Grand Prix Rouwmoer
1st Scheldecross
1st Grand Prix Sven Nys
2nd Waaslandcross
3rd Azencross
1st Eeklo
1st Steenbergcross
1st Polderscross
1st Neerpelt
1st Zilvermeercross
2nd UEC European Championships
2nd Boom
2nd Sluitingsprijs
2nd Waregem
2016–2017
1st UCI World Championships
1st National Championships
1st Overall UCI World Cup
1st CrossVegas
1st Jingle Cross
1st Heusden-Zolder
1st Rome
2nd Caubergcross
2nd Zeven
2nd Citadelcross
1st Overall DVV Verzekeringen Trophy
1st Ronse
1st Koppenbergcross
1st Grand Prix Rouwmoer
1st Azencross
2nd Bollekescross
2nd Scheldecross
2nd Grand Prix Sven Nys
2nd Krawatencross
2nd Overall Superprestige
1st Grand Prix de la Région Wallonne
2nd Gieten
2nd Zonhoven
2nd Ruddervoorde
2nd Gavere
2nd Diegem
2nd Vlaamse Aardbeiencross
2nd Middelkerke
Brico Cross
1st Geraardsbergen
1st Bredenecross
2nd Polderscross
3rd Vestingcross
1st Trek Cup
1st Kermiscross
1st Boom
1st Sluitingsprijs
2nd Zilvermeercross
2nd Vlaamse Druivencross
3rd UEC European Championships
2017–2018
1st UCI World Championships
1st National Championships
2nd Overall UCI World Cup
1st Zeven
1st Citadelcross
2nd Bogense
2nd Nommay
2nd Hoogerheide
3rd Duinencross
3rd Heusden-Zolder
2nd Overall Superprestige
1st Boom
1st Gavere
2nd Gieten
2nd Zonhoven
2nd Ruddervoorde
2nd Diegem
3rd Overall DVV Trophy
2nd Flandriencross
2nd Scheldecross
2nd Azencross
2nd Grand Prix Sven Nys
3rd Ronse
Brico Cross
1st Bredenecross
2nd Eeklo
2nd Polderscross
3rd Berencross
1st Kermiscross
1st Waaslandcross
2nd Otegem
2018–2019
2nd Overall UCI World Cup
1st Pontchâteau
2nd Waterloo
2nd Jingle Cross
2nd Bern
2nd Duinencross
2nd Citadelcross
2nd Heusden-Zolder
3rd Hoogerheide
Superprestige
2nd Gieten
2nd Ruddervoorde
2nd Zonhoven
3rd Gavere
DVV Trophy
2nd Scheldecross
2nd Azencross
3rd Koppenbergcross
Brico Cross
1st Bredenecross
2nd Geraardsbergen
2nd Berencross
2nd Ronse
1st La Mézière
1st Kermiscross
2nd UCI World Championships
2nd UEC European Championships
2nd National Championships
3rd Ambiancecross
2019–2020
DVV Trophy
1st Krawatencross
2nd Kasteelcross
2020–2021
1st National Championships
1st Overall UCI World Cup
1st Dendermonde
1st Vlaamse Druivencross
2nd Citadelcross
2nd Vestingcross
3rd Tábor
X²O Badkamers Trophy
1st Herentals
2nd Grand Prix Sven Nys
2nd Flandriencross
3rd Urban Cross
1st Zilvermeercross
Superprestige
2nd Heusden-Zolder
2nd UCI World Championships
2021–2022
1st National Championships
UCI World Cup
1st Val di Sole
1st Dendermonde
Superprestige
1st Boom
1st Heusden-Zolder
X²O Badkamers Trophy
1st Azencross
1st Grand Prix Sven Nys
1st Herentals
Ethias Cross
1st Grand Prix Rouwmoer
Major championships timeline
Road
2012
4th Overall Sint-Martinusprijs Kontich
2014
8th Overall Ster ZLM Toer
2015
4th Omloop Het Nieuwsblad U23
4th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
2016
1st Schaal Sels
2nd Dwars door het Hageland
4th Grand Prix Pino Cerami
8th Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Prologue
2017
1st Ronde van Limburg
1st Bruges Cycling Classic
1st Grand Prix Pino Cerami
2nd Schaal Sels
2nd Rad am Ring
3rd Dwars door het Hageland
10th Overall Tour of Belgium
2018
1st Overall Danmark Rundt
1st Stage 2
3rd Road race, UEC European Road Championships
3rd Strade Bianche
8th Antwerp Port Epic
9th Tour of Flanders
10th Gent–Wevelgem
2019
National Road Championships
1st Time trial
3rd Road race
Critérium du Dauphiné
1st Points classification
1st Stages 4 (ITT) & 5
Tour de France
1st Stages 2 (TTT) & 10
Held after Stages 2–5
2nd E3 Binckbank Classic
3rd Strade Bianche
6th Milan–San Remo
2020
1st Time trial, National Road Championships
1st Milan–San Remo
1st Strade Bianche
Tour de France
1st Stages 5 & 7
Critérium du Dauphiné
1st Points classification
1st Stage 1
UCI Road World Championships
2nd Road race
2nd Time trial
2nd Tour of Flanders
3rd Milano–Torino
8th Gent–Wevelgem
2021
1st Road race, National Road Championships
1st Overall Tour of Britain
1st Stages 1, 4, 6 & 8
1st Gent–Wevelgem
1st Amstel Gold Race
Tour de France
1st Stages 11, 20 (ITT) & 21
Combativity award Stage 15
2nd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
1st Points classification
1st Stages 1 & 7 (ITT)
Olympic Games
2nd Road race
6th Time trial
2nd Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
2nd Brabantse Pijl
3rd Milan–San Remo
4th Strade Bianche
6th Tour of Flanders
7th Paris–Roubaix
2022
1st Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
1st E3 Saxo Bank Classic
Critérium du Dauphiné
1st Points classification
1st Stages 1 & 5
Paris–Nice
1st Points classification
1st Stage 4 (ITT)
2nd Paris–Roubaix
3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
8th Milan–San Remo
General classification results timeline
Classics results timeline
Major championships timeline
Awards and honours
Flandrien Award: 2019, 2020, 2021
Belgian Sportsman of the year: 2020, 2021
Belgian National Sports Merit Award: 2020
Vlaamse Reus: 2020
Kristallen Fiets: 2020. 2021
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Belgian male cyclists
Cyclo-cross cyclists
People from Herentals
Sportspeople from Antwerp Province
Olympic cyclists of Belgium
Olympic silver medalists for Belgium
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Belgian cyclo-cross champions
Danmark Rundt winners
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
UCI Cyclo-cross World Champions (men) |
6902870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Love%20Album%20%28Westlife%20album%29 | The Love Album (Westlife album) | The Love Album is the seventh studio album, eighth album under Sony BMG and second, last cover album by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released in the Philippines on 13 November 2006 and in the UK on 20 November 2006 and the songs on the album center in a "love theme". It was also the band's third album to be released as a four-piece. The first and only single released was a cover of the Bette Midler song "The Rose", which debuted at No. 1 in Ireland and the UK. It was the band's 14th No. 1 single. The song was first performed at Miss World 2006.
The album debuted at its peak position at No. 1 on the UK Charts, selling 219,662 copies in the UK that week. It also spent one week at number two and two weeks at number three. One of those number-three weeks have the highest sales for that said peak for a week in the whole year of 2006. It re-entered at number 17 at the Official UK Budget Albums Chart in November 2009. The album also appeared in the list of best album sales of Hong Kong in 2007.
Their cover version of "Nothing's Gonna Change My Love For You", which is included in the deluxe version of the album, has been viewed 100 million times on YouTube.
Track listing
Credits
Source:
Accordion: Eddie Hesson (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Arranged By [Additional Choir Arrangements]: Lawrence Johnson (tracks: 1, 8)
Arranged By [Strings]: Dave Arch (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11) Ulf & Henrik Janson (tracks: 1, 3, 8)
Arranged By [Vocals]: Andy Caine,Steve Mac (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Backing Vocals [Additional]: Andy Caine (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11) Emil Heiling (tracks: 3) Mae McKenna (tracks: 11)
Bass: Steve Pearce (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11) Thomas Lindberg (tracks: 1, 8)
Choir: Aaron Sokell, Alani Gibbon, Anna Omakina, Ayo Oyerinde, Camilla Beeput, Donna Gardier-Elliot, Ezra Russell, Joy Malcolm, Lanoi Montet, Lawrence Johnson, Lena Palmer, Lorrain Smith, Michael Molton, Sheena White, Stephanie Meade, Subrina Edwards (tracks: 1, 8) The Tuff Session Singers (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Drums: Chris Laws,Ian Thomas (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)Christer Janson (tracks: 8)
Engineer: Bernard Löhr (tracks: 3) Chris Laws,Ren Swan (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11) Neil Tucker,Quiz & Larossi* (tracks: 1, 8)
Engineer [Assistant]: Daniel Pursey (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Engineer [Mix]: Chris Laws (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Engineer [Strings]: Ian Agate (tracks: 1, 8)
Guitar [Guitars]: Esbjörn Öhrwall (tracks: 1, 3, 4, 8) Fridrik 'Frizzy' Karlsson,Paul Gendler (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Keyboards: Andreas 'Quiz' Romdhane, Josef Larossi (tracks: 1, 4, 8) Per Magnusson (tracks: 3) Steve Mac (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Mastered By: Vlado Meller
Mastered By [Assistant]: Mark Santangelo
Mixed By: Bernard Löhr (track 3) Quiz & Larossi (tracks: 1, 8)
Other [Management]:Louis Walsh
Piano: Dave Arch (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11) Peter Ljung (tracks: 1, 4, 8)
Arranged By: David Kreuger, Per Magnusson (track 3) Quiz & Larossi (tracks: 1, 8) Steve Mac (tracks: 2, 4 to 7, 9 to 11)
Programmed By: Andreas 'Quiz' Romdhane,Josef Larossi (tracks: 1, 4, 8) David Kreuger (track 3)
Recorded By [Assistant Strings Recording]:Chris Barrett (tracks: 4 to 6, 9 to 11)
Recorded By [Strings]:Geoff Foster (tracks: 5, 6, 11) Paul Walton (tracks: 2, 7) Rupert Coulson (tracks: 4, 9, 10)
Release history
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Supporting tour
References
External links
Official Westlife Website
2006 albums
Westlife albums
Albums produced by Steve Mac
Albums produced by David Kreuger
Albums produced by Per Magnusson
Sony BMG albums |
44498197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
The Rise of Dutch Independence
The Dutch success in trade did not come without struggle and conflict. Studies show that the Dutch had several qualities that afforded their trade system to rise above other European states' throughout the duration of Atlantic trade. Dutch merchants have always had access and opportunities providing a gateway to profitable trade. They also obtained autonomy. Before the Dutch Revolt, the Dutch were under the control of the Habsburg Empire which limited the power of Dutch merchants and their influence on trade. The Empire had control and tried to gain even more over the fiscal revenues from the Netherlands. Conflict amongst the merchants and the empire began to grow and independence and new political institutions were the result.
During the Revolt, Dutch trade was revolutionized, and the 15th century marked a considerable expansion of the Dutch economy. Several important modifications were made to both the military and commercial strategies. Before long, the Dutch had gained access to Asian and American trade centers. Leading this drive to independence were merchants. Throughout this time the Dutch experienced growth in economic industries such as agriculture, shipping, and public finance. In 1590, the beginning of divergence between the South and North of Europe began to be noticeable, as well as the explosion of Dutch commerce and the early stages of Amsterdam growing as a large financial center. The growing Atlantic trade was edging out the once profitable Baltic route. With trade growing along this route and specialization prospering, the Dutch were ultimately victorious in their pursuits against the Habsburgs.
Israel states:
From 1590, there was a dramatic improvement in the Republic's economic circumstances. Commerce and shipping expanded enormously, as did the towns. As a result, the financial power of the states rapidly grew, and it was possible to improve the army vastly, both qualitatively, and quantitatively, within a short space of time. The army increased from 20,000 men in 1588 to 32,000 by 1595, and its artillery, methods of transportation, and training were transformed. By 1629, the Dutch were able to field an army of 77,000 men, 50 percent larger than the Spanish army of Flanders″
The Dutch prospered immensely during this time. The leading benefactor of this growth was trade and the means of which they manifested it.
They did so particularly through conflict and specialization. Now we see the importance of competitive goods, the Dutch traded what was in demand and the strategy proved to be very favorable for them. They were long distance tradesmen and had some breathing space as far as trade regulations went, which also contributed to their growth. This is in comparison with the previous Habsburg restrictions. In his article, Acemuglu uses this evidence to prove that Atlantic trade led to the enrichment of merchants, which resulted in the development of political institutions. Said institutions are responsible for constraining the power of the crown.
War and Conflict
The Eighty Years' War also goes by the name: ‘The War of Dutch Independence’ (1568-1648). The war was a spurred by a revolt of the seventeen provinces within the Habsburg Empire. Phillip II of Spain was leading the Habsburgs in the initial stages of the war. The war began due to high taxation within the Netherland regions. William of Orange, who had been exiled from the empire, led the revolting provinces to their first leg of success in the long war. Through the Dutch resistance and revolt, they had achieved the status of The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in 1581 This declaration entered the Dutch and Habsburgs into a twelve-year truce, only to be disrupted once more by the start of a new war in 1619. The Thirty Years' War is known as one of the bloodiest wars in European history. It translated into a war of religions. It can also be recognized as a series of conflicts between feudalism and early capitalism (Evan, 2014: 36). The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia. The treated formally recognized the Dutch as an independent republic.
Fall of Antwerp
Antwerp was seized during the Eighty Wars' War from 1584 to 1585. Of the Seventeen Provinces and Northwestern Europe, Antwerp was the economic and financial center of these locations. Antwerp eventually became heavily involved in the rebellion against the Spanish Habsburgs. Ultimately, the city joined became the 'capital' of the Dutch Revolt. This status became official once they joined the Union of Utrecht in 1579. The Spanish held their ground against the defensive Dutch and because of their cannons and strong troops they proved to be successful in their siege of the land. Antwerp's Protestant population was forced to relocate or migrate from their once homeland. Many of the skilled craftsmen and merchants migrated northbound to ultimately provide the foundation for Dutch trade expansion and growth. Their new home formally became The United Provinces of the Netherlands or as previously mentioned: The Dutch Republic. Antwerp was also the home of the Shelde River Estuary Port. When the Spanish captured this port, it became a turning point in the war. Prior to the Fall of Antwerp, Portuguese had been sending gold, ivory, sugar, and other products from the Atlantic to the main port in Antwerp.
Dutch Trade Specialization: Competitive Goods
The United Provinces of the Netherlands were growing quickly when the truce was established. Their colonies spanned across five continents and their growth can be considered as what was ‘a new type of global trade and the formation of the world economy.’ The Dutch trade differed from its rivals in many ways. They paid close attention to the relation between risk and profit. If the potential profit was greater than the imposed risk, they were willing (and managed to) trade with their wartime enemies. The middle class played a key role also; they had a large amount of capital accrued within. Due to the Netherlands deficiency in mineral affluence, they had to find another source of profit. They began specializing in competitive goods. Competitive goods are defined as: A production of goods that are not dependent on a particular climate, deposits, and can be produced anywhere in the world. These goods included, but were not limited to: Scandinavian wood, means for shipbuilding, iron, copper, wheat, rye, North Sea Fish, and English wool. The Dutch faced the pressure of competition with several growing competitors. The Dutch focused on their growing agriculture, their domination in continental trade markets, and their widely praised skills as seafarers.
16th Century Dutch Economy
Fishing and agriculture shaped the economy of the Dutch in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the early 15th century, Antwerp in modern-day Belgium was the commercial capital of Northern Europe. The Dutch Revolt against Spanish Habsburgs had a large impact on the Fall of Antwerp in 1585. Those who inhabited those lands were in need of a new home that offered security. These peoples included merchants and Calvinist craftsmen. They eventually went to the Northern Netherlands. Holland and Zeeland were growing in population. These two provinces were also heavily involved in maritime operations and productions. For most of the 16th century, these lands were considered more rural than those of the southern Netherlands. They focused on slaughter cattle as a large means of trade.
At the end of the 16th century the Dutch had vastly expanded their maritime explorations. They spanned to Asia, the Mediterranean, and across the Atlantic. The Dutch were making their way to become a major world power. In 1595, Dutch voyages to Asia began with Cornelis de Houtman. The night before his voyage began, the Dutch had already established four trading networks within the Transatlantic. These networks included Spain with Spanish America and Portugal with their Brazilian colonial holding.
Transition to Trade of Non-Competitive Goods
Non-competitive goods are referred to as: goods that are produced in only one spot. Non-competitive goods include: sugar and tobacco from the Caribbean, tea, pepper, camphor, spices, sandalwood and teak wood from Southeast Asia, cinnamon and cloves from Ceylon, and Chinese and Japanese porcelain and silk. The Netherlands were becoming a melting pot for religious acceptation and variation. The goods they produced were affected by the religions of those who had migrated into their lands. The Dutch were able to overcome their Portuguese rival by manifesting such effort into the trade of these particular goods.
Some historians argue that sugar acted as the product that drove the expansion into the Atlantic by the Dutch. This trade pressured the Dutch to gain access to Brazil from South America. In 1585, Phillip II gave permission to Dutch rebels to take ships to Brazil in order to conduct business as a favor to Spanish Merchants. They originally sent three ships. A few years later, 14 Dutch ships continued sailing to Brazil, carrying cargo for these Spanish merchants. In between times of war, these ships frequently had to stop at a neutral country mid-trip and adopt a new nationality for the time being. By the late of the 1590s, approximately eighteen Dutch ships had gained access to Brazil. These ships would bring back mostly sugar, but also Brazilian wood, cotton, and ginger.
17th Century Dutch Trade
A truce that occurred amongst the Dutch Republic and Spain in 1609 opened up trade access to the Mediterranean to the Dutch. This was the first time Dutch ships had gained such access since they had entered into trade with Asia. The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. It is also referred to as the VOC. This company was a crucial tool used to control Dutch colonial and commercial trade affairs. Investors within the company were granted an allotted percentage of profits depending on the sum of the capital invested. With the help of this company, the Dutch expanded their occupation to Cape Town, Ceylon, and Malacca. They also established posts for trading in the latter two places. VOC imports into Europe consisted largely of spices, tea, coffee, drugs, perfumes, dyestuffs, sugar, and saltpeter. Half to two-thirds of the worth of Asian goods imported into Europe were accounted for in Dutch exports of precious metals. It wasn’t long before other nations caught onto this business and followed the Dutch trend. In the beginning of the 17th century, A round-trip from Europe to the East Indies during this time cost between thirty and thirty-two Euros per ton. Halfway through the 17th century, though, prices dropped to between sixteen and twenty-three euros per ton. The fall in price was due to the Dutch having to deal with Asian revolts in their local waters, building forts, conferring agreements, displaying the flag, and often keeping away their fellow European competitors. All of these conflicts occurred leading up to 1640. In the time following, the Dutch East India Company developed a smaller fleet of ships to deal with these problems.
During the truce, the Dutch also began producing their own tobacco. They had originally 'bartered' with the Indians for tobacco, but after they expanded to the West Indies they began to produce their own. Before long, the Dutch were on par with the Spaniards in terms of how much tobacco they made. This product trade also established Dutch connections with Virginia. A huge segment of trade of Virginia tobacco fell into the Dutch realm. At the beginning of the 17th century, the center of Northern European tobacco trade was located in Zeeland.
Still in the midst of the Thirty Years War, Phillip III attempted to prevent the Dutch from furthering their growth into the West and East Indies. He did so by offering peace and independence in exchange. They declined, though, as they had already manifested a great deal of investors in the Dutch East India Company. In 1621, The Dutch West India Company was founded. This Company’s focus was primarily on trade with Latin America and Africa. The Dutch were prospering like never before from their newfound commerce and enterprise. The 17th Century was a time that the Dutch had experienced what was the highest standard of living in all of Europe. Their overseas trade within their two companies had afforded them to become the largest naval fleet in the world. This fleet was the means for the Dutch to patrol and dominate long-term trade routes. The fleet also allowed their colonial provisions and power to grow even further. Despite potential setbacks that fighting with the Portuguese could have caused the Dutch were successful in these battles in several aspects. They gained control over more territories in Southeast Asia. They included: Sumatra, Java, Malay Peninsula, southern region of Borneo, and the islands of the Moluccas and West New Guinea. They even expanded as far as a settlement in Australia; however it did not last due to lack of economic profit. The Dutch were so profit-focused that they even exchanged New Amsterdam for Archipelago with Britain. The small island in Moluccas was home to a large stock of spices.
Anglo-Dutch Conflict in the 17th Century
Relations with the British took a turn for the worst in the late 17th Century. In 1661, the British passed the Navigation Acts in order to prevent its colonies from trading with overseas merchants and/or vessels. This act was arguably passed as an offensive move towards the Dutch due to their triumph in global commerce. The passing of this act resulted in three separate Anglo-Dutch wars throughout 1652-1675. The first war lasted throughout 1652-1654. The British won this war and took with them 1,000 Dutch merchant ships.
The second of these wars was a result of two incidents. The first occurred when the English captured two Dutch posts located in West Africa and the latter incident being the taking of New Amsterdam. This was a rather detrimental war to both sides and ended due to exhaustion of materials and power. The war concluded, though, and both sides claimed victory in this war that lasted from 1664-1674.
The third Anglo-Dutch War the British gave support to the French to invade the Dutch. Due to common concern in waging war with the Dutch, both the French and British signed the Treaty of Dover. The Dutch had since allied with the Spanish (Nelson-Burns). The war resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Dutch were forced to retreat from southern trade and the English ultimately gained their losses.
Competing Nations
The Dutch had competed in trade industries with the British for a very long time. By the 18th century, the British had begun to catch up due to their mercantilist ideologies and practices. The fourth Anglo-Dutch war proved to be crucial in the downfall of the Dutch during their prosperous trading time. The British had sustained a blockade that proved to be impenetrable by the Dutch. Trading had come to a halt. Britain was on the verge of an industrial revolution and close to finally beating out its long time European competitors. Trade within the VOC was immensely affected by the loss of the Dutch in this war and they had maintained large amounts of public debts also. The company was of great importance to the Dutch and it was kept alive by the emergency aid coming from the States of Holland.
Notes
References
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. "The Rise Of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, And Economic Growth." American Economic Review (2005): 546-79. Print.
Boxer, Charles Ralph, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, p. 18, Taylor & Francis, 1977
Braudel, Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Vol. II. Reprint,Berkeley:Universityof CaliforniaPress,1995.
De Vries, Jan. "The Limits Of Globalization In The Early Modern World." The Economic History Review (2010–12). Print.
Evan, Tomas. "Chapters of Economic History" (2014). Karolinum Press. Print.
Glete, Jan. War and the State in Early Modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic, and Sweden as Fiscal-military States, 1500-1660. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
Harreld, Donald. “Dutch Economy in the “Golden Age” (16th-17th Centuries)”. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. August 12, 2004
Israel, Jonathan I. “Spanish Wool Exports and the European Economy, 1610-1640.” Economic History Review 33 (1980): 193-211.
Israel, Jonathan I., Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585-1740. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Maanen, H. van, Encyclopedie van misvattingen, (2002). Online.
Nettles, Curtis. British Mercantilism and the Economic Development of the Thirteen Colonies (1952). Print.
Nelson-Burns, Lesley. "The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars." The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars. Web.
Postma, J., & Enthoven, V. (2003). Riches From Atlantic Commerce : Dutch Transatlantic Trade and Shipping, 1585-1817 / Edited by Johannes Postma and Victor Enthoven. Leiden: Brill.
Tracy, James D. The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
van Zanden, Jan L. The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1993.
Early Modern Netherlands
Economic history of the Dutch Republic |
6902880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Orange%20station | Port Orange station | Port Orange Florida East Coast Railway Freight Depot is a historic Florida East Coast Railway passenger depot in Port Orange, Florida, United States. It is located at 415C Herbert Street, off U.S. 1. The depot was originally constructed in 1894 as two buildings.
The depot was constructed by the narrow-gauge St. Johns and Halifax Railway, a division of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway.
On December 31, 1885, Henry Flagler purchased the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway. In September 1895, he changed the name to the Florida East Coast Railway.
The initial buildings included a passenger depot, FEC building #245, which was built immediately south of Dunlawton Avenue with the platform facing north. A second building, a freight depot, FEC building #246, was constructed south of the passenger depot. In 1924, the two buildings were joined as a passenger station. Regular passenger service ended in 1932. In February 1938, the building was remodeled to its current appearance. The windows, pedestrian doors and waiting platform were removed.
The building continued to be used as a freight depot until 1964. The depot continued to be a flag stop until the strike on January 23, 1963 and is listed in the last pre-strike time table dated December 12, 1962. In 1966 the depot was purchased and moved 500 feet north. The depot was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 1998. In 2015 the City of Port Orange purchased the depot from long time Port Orange resident and business owner Bryan Berntsen to restore the building.
References
External links
Port Orange F.E.C. Railway Freight Station at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Railway buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Former Florida East Coast Railway stations
National Register of Historic Places in Volusia County, Florida
Railway freight houses on the National Register of Historic Places
Buildings and structures in Port Orange, Florida
1894 establishments in Florida
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1894
Railway stations closed in 1932
Former railway stations in Florida |
6902886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wise%20One | Wise One | Wise One may refer to:
"Wise One", a song by John Coltrane from his 1964 album Crescent
Wise One, a concept in the Wheel of Time |
44498198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution.
Fans
A color x of an edge (u,v) is said to be free on u if c(u,z) ≠ x for all (u,z) E(G) : z≠v.
A fan of a vertex u is a sequence of vertices F[1:k] that satisfies the following conditions:
F[1:k] is a non-empty sequence of distinct neighbors of u
(F[1],u) E(G) is uncolored
The color of (F[i+1],u) is free on F[i] for 1 ≤ i < k
Given a fan F, any edge (F[i], X) for 1 ≤ i ≤ k is a fan edge. Let c and d be colors. A cdX-path is an edge path that goes through vertex X, only contains edges colored c and d and is maximal (we cannot add any other edge as it would include edges with a color not in {c, d}). Note that only one such path exists for a vertex X, as at most one edge of each color can be adjacent to a given vertex.
Rotating a fan
Given a fan F[1:k] of a vertex X, the "rotate fan" operation does the following (in parallel):
c(F[i],X)=c(F[i+1],X)
Uncolor (F[k],X)
This operation leaves the coloring valid, as for each i, c(F[i + 1], X) was free on (F[i], X).
Inverting a path
The operation "invert the cdX-path" switches every edge on the path colored c to d and every edge colored d to c. Inverting a path can be useful to free a color on X if X is one of the endpoints of the path: if X was adjacent to color c but not d, it will now be adjacent to color d, not c, freeing c for another edge adjacent to X. The flipping operation will not alter the validity of the coloring since for the endpoints, only one of {c, d} can be adjacent to the vertex, and for other members of the path, the operation only switches the color of edges, no new color is added.
Algorithm
algorithm Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is
input: A graph G.
output: A proper coloring c of the edges of G.
Let U := E(G)
while U ≠ ∅ do
Let (u, v) be any edge in U.
Let F[1:k] be a maximal fan of u starting at F[1] = v.
Let c be a color that is free on u and d be a color that is free on F[k].
Invert the cdu path
Let w ∈ V(G) be such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w.
Rotate F' and set c(u, w) = d.
U := U − {(u, v)}
end while
Proof of correctness
The correctness of the algorithm is proved in three parts. First, it is shown that the inversion of the cdu path guarantees a vertex w such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w. Then, it is shown that the edge coloring is proper and requires at most Δ + 1 colors.
Path inversion guarantee
Prior to the inversion, there are two cases:
The fan has no edge colored d. Since F is a maximal fan and d is free on F[k], this implies there is no edge with color d adjacent to u, otherwise, if there was, this edge would be after F[k], as d is free on F[k], but F was maximal, which is a contradiction. Thus, d is free on u, and since c is also free on u, the cdu path is empty and the inversion has no effect on the graph. Set w = F[k].
The fan has one edge with color d. Let (u,F[x+1]) be this edge. Note that x + 1 ≠ 1 since (u,F[1]) is uncolored. Thus, d is free on F[x]. Also, x ≠ k since the fan has length k but there exists a F[x + 1]. We can now show that after the inversion, for each y ∈ {1, ..., x − 1, x + 1, ..., k}, the color of (F[y + 1], u) is free on F[y]. Note that prior to the inversion, the color of (u, F[y + 1]) is not c or d, since c is free on u and (u, F[x + 1]) has color d and the coloring is valid. The inversion only affects edges that are colored c or d, so (1) holds.
F[x] can either be in the cdu path or not. If it is not, then the inversion will not affect the set of free colors on F[x], and d will remain free on it. We can set w = F[x]. Otherwise, we can show that F is still a fan and d remains free on F[k]. Since d was free on F[x] before the inversion and F[x] is on the path, F[x] is an endpoint of the cdu path and c will be free on F[x] after the inversion. The inversion will change the color of (u, F[x + 1]) from d to c. Thus, since c is now free on F[x] and (1) holds, F remains a fan. Also, d remains free on F[k], since F[k] is not on the cdu path (suppose that it is; since d is free on F[k], then it would have to be an endpoint of the path, but u and F[x] are the endpoints). Select w = F[k].
In any case, the fan F' is a prefix of F, which implies F' is also a fan.
The edge coloring is proper
This can be shown by induction on the number of colored edges. Base case: no edge is colored, this is valid. Induction step: suppose this was true at the end of the previous iteration. In the current iteration, after inverting the path, d will be free on u, and by the previous result, it will also be free on w. Rotating F' does not compromise the validity of the coloring. Thus, after setting c(u,w) = d, the coloring is still valid.
The algorithm requires at most Δ + 1 colors
In a given step, only colors c and d are used. Since u is adjacent to at least one uncolored edge and its degree is bounded by Δ, at least one color in {1,...,Δ} is available for c. For d, F[k] may have degree Δ and no uncolored adjacent edge. Thus, a color Δ + 1 may be required.
Complexity
At each step, the rotation uncolors the edge (u,w) while coloring edges (u,F[1]) and (u,v) which was previously uncolored. Thus, one additional edge gets colored. Hence, the loop will run times. Finding the maximal fan, the colors c and d and invert the cdu path can be done in time. Finding w and rotating F' takes time. Finding and removing the edge (u,v) can be done using a stack in constant time (pop the last element) and this stack can be populated in time. Thus, each iteration of the loop takes time, and the total running time is .
References
Graph coloring
Graph algorithms |
6902889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Campobasso | List of municipalities of the Province of Campobasso | The following is a list of the 84 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Campobasso, Molise, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Campobasso |
6902890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Calf%20Island | Little Calf Island | Little Calf Island is a small rocky island in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, some 9 miles offshore from downtown Boston, Massachusetts. The island has no vegetation and no history of human occupation. It is used for nesting by gulls and cormorants which can be aggressive during their nesting season. Access by humans is by private boat only, and is discouraged.
References
Boston Harbor islands
Islands of Suffolk County, Massachusetts |
20471426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Arlington%20County%2C%20Virginia | National Register of Historic Places listings in Arlington County, Virginia |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Arlington County, Virginia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 70 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 5 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Falls Church, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Alexandria, Virginia
References
Arlington |
20471494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate%2C%20West%20Midlands | Highgate, West Midlands | Highgate, West Midlands may refer to:
Highgate, Birmingham
Highgate, Walsall |
20471539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelley%20Peak | Kelley Peak | Kelley Peak is the name of two geographical features:
Kelley Peak (Texas), a mountain peak in Edwards County, Texas
Kelley Peak (Antarctica), a mountain peak in Antarctica |
6902895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay%20naturism | Gay naturism | Gay naturism or LGBT naturism (where naturism is generally equated with nudism) concerns a lifestyle of gay people in which nudity, especially in a communal context, is viewed as natural, positive and healthy. While naturist clubs and resorts in the United States date back to the 1930s, gay naturist organizations did not emerge until the early 1980s. Separate from official naturist clubs, gay individuals have long congregated in locally-known gay beaches in many countries, especially in Europe and North America.
Early history
In the early 1980s, a number of unaffiliated local clubs for gay naturists began independently springing up in major metropolitan areas of the United States and Canada. By that time, many major cities were served by LGBT newspapers that were established during the gay liberation movement of the 1970s. These papers—e.g., L.A. Frontiers, Seattle Gay News and the Houston Voice—were important means of spreading the word about the first wave of gay naturist social clubs. Among the oldest and largest of the clubs that are still extant are Males au Naturel (MAN) in New York, Los Angeles Nude Guys (LANG), San Francisco Kindred Nudists (SKiNS), and the Greater Atlanta Naturist Group (GANG).
The first nationwide organization to promote gay naturism also originated in the early 1980s. In 1980, Lee Baxandall founded The Naturist Society (TNS). In contrast to the more conservative American Sunbathing Association (ASA) (which in 1995 was renamed the American Association for Nude Recreation, or AANR), TNS openly welcomed diverse groups of people and was a loose association of special interest groups (SIGs). According to Baxandall, from its inception TNS received almost daily inquires about a SIG for gay naturists. Baxandall approached Murray Kaufman (d. 2003), an openly gay New Yorker who had been hosting private nude socials for gay men in his home. Kaufman agreed to oversee a gay SIG for TNS, and Gay and Lesbian Naturists (GLN) was formed in 1983. GLN had its first gathering at the Summit Lodge in Rockbridge, Ohio in 1985. About 60 members, all of them men, attended.
Growth in the 1990s
Annual GLN gatherings grew steadily in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1992, the group reorganized, with two key changes: it became an independent entity (no longer a SIG of TNS); and it was renamed Gay Naturists International (GNI). Although GLN had been founded with the intent of attracting both gay men and lesbians, it had been a de facto all-male organization as there had never been any significant lesbian participation in the group. The new GNI became gender specific in its mission. GNI also became an umbrella organization for networking local gay naturist clubs.
In 1994, there was a schism in GNI due to a legal dispute over records and money with respect to the paid employee. Out of this split, the employee in question founded International Men Enjoying Naturism (IMEN). Its goals were similar to those of GNI, including being a registry of local clubs, providing referrals to local groups, helping new local gay naturist groups organize, and holding an annual gathering. He was later terminated in a similar fashion from IMEN over the same issues.
The number of local gay naturist clubs continued to grow in the 1990s, particularly the latter part of the decade. GNI and IMEN provided organizational assistance to new clubs, and the advent of the Internet meant greater publicity opportunities for new and existing clubs. The website Spike's Naked Planet lists over 100 gay naturist clubs in the United States, about half a dozen in Canada and a scattering in other places across the world.
Annual gay naturist gatherings
The 1990s saw the beginning of annual gay naturist gatherings on a large scale. GNI held its first gathering under its new name in 1992. The annual GNI Gathering, held each August in rural eastern Pennsylvania, remains the largest gay naturist gathering, attracting about 800 gay naturists. The second largest gathering, the CMEN Gathering, is sponsored by California Men Enjoying Naturism and is held each September in Malibu, California. First held in 1999, CMEN now draws about 500 attendees. Three other gatherings attract a few hundred attendees each. The IMEN Gathering, held each July in rural eastern Maryland, began in 1995. The East Coast Gathering, sponsored by the Philadelphia Area Naked Guys, is held each May in rural eastern Maryland. The Midwest Male Naturist Gathering” began in 1993 and is held in rural eastern Kansas each June. Key West's Bone Island Bare It All Weekend is held each July and December, attracting between 300 and 500 men.
Gay naturist vacation market
In the United States, Palm Springs, California and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida have emerged as the leading vacation destinations for gay naturists. Both cities have a comparable number—about 25 in each—of small, all-gay resorts and guesthouses that allow either unrestricted nudity or at least poolside nudity. Key West, Florida is recognized as an early leader in the development of clothing-optional all-gay guesthouses. Key West currently has ten clothing-optional guesthouses as well as gay bars with clothing-optional areas. The majority of men-only gay accommodations throughout the world allow some degree of naturism, especially poolside, if there is sufficient privacy. However, there are no gay naturist resorts on the scale of co-ed, family oriented naturist resorts such as Cypress Cove in Florida.
Puglia in Italy has become an extremely popular destination for gay naturists with two popular naturist beaches at Spiaggia D’Ayala, Campomarino di Maruggio and at Torre Guaceto, Brindisi. Both have extensive gay sections. Additionally there are spots up and down Puglia’s coast where nude bathing coincides with predominantly, but not exclusively, gay and gay-friendly locals.
Gay naturism in the United Kingdom
A community website offers social networking for men looking to connect with other men also interested in male naturism together with member organised events, site organised events and an annual NakedFest weekend camping festival, attracting over 400 attendees in 2014. Naturism is a component of meetings of a UK grouping of the Radical Faeries called Albion Faeries. In addition a number of naturist swims organised by heterosexuals and documented by NUFF have a strong gay following.
Websites such as Meetup contain listings for a number of gay naturist groups in the UK. These include massage and tantric massage sessions and visits to naked clubbing venues.
A number of gay naturist organisations have existed in the United Kingdom. Gymnos offered social get-togethers for members only in and around London, and regular nude swimming (closed down in March 2010) together with Gay London Swimmers (GLS) at a public swimming pool in Camberwell, South London (closed down in 2009). Certain nudist beaches have areas which are informally used by gay men.
Gay naturist publications
The book Naked Places, A Guide for Gay Men to Nude Recreation and Travel was first published in 1997 and is in its fifth edition as of 2006. The now defunct Naked Magazine was published from 1994 - 2001. Additionally, GNI and IMEN produce quarterly magazines—the GNI Informer and Naturist Gay-zette respectively—that are distributed to members only.
References
Lewis, Jim (March/April 2001) "A Brief History of the Gay Naturist Movement" Beach Buzz Vol. 2, No. 2
Gay Naturist Movement
Naturism
Gay culture |
20471584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Girls%20Aloud%20Party | The Girls Aloud Party | The Girls Aloud Party was a one-off Christmas variety show starring British girl group Girls Aloud, produced for ITV. The show was aired on 13 December 2008, in between The X Factor series finale and its results show.
All five members took part in the show, which generally consisted of the group performing songs, intercepted sketches and interaction with the audience.
Background
Girls Aloud performed some of their biggest hits, as well as some tracks from their latest album, Out of Control. James Morrison performed his track "Broken Strings" with Girls Aloud, while Kaiser Chiefs led into "Sound of the Underground" with their own track, "Never Miss a Beat". Along with performing, Girls Aloud performed comic skits in which Cilla Black and Julie Goodyear starred as Nicola Roberts's grandmother and Sarah Harding's mother.
Promotion
On 11 November, the official Girls Aloud website ran a competition in which 100 entrants would win tickets to the show. The show was filmed in London on 2 December, as stated by the announcement.
The programme was first advertised during The X Factor on 29 November 2008.
Reception
The Girls Aloud Party had approximately 8.37 million viewers (32.3%).
Cast
Girls Aloud
Sarah Harding
Kimberley Walsh
Cheryl Cole
Nicola Roberts
Nadine Coyle
Special guests
Paul O'Grady
Cilla Black
Julie Goodyear as Sarah’s Mum
Guest performers
James Morrison
Kaiser Chiefs
Setlist
Intro Video: "Love Is The Key" (Thriller Jill Mix)
"The Promise"
Christmas Sketch (with Paul O'Grady)
"Call the Shots"
Memories Sketch (with Little Girls Aloud)
"I'll Stand by You"
Mothers Sketch (with Little Girls Aloud & Cilla Black)
Medley: "Never Miss a Beat"/"Sound of the Underground" (with Kaiser Chiefs)
"Love Machine" (contains dance break)
Dress Sketch (with Julie Goodyear)
"Broken Strings" (with James Morrison)
Christmas Card Sketch
"Love Is Pain"
"The Loving Kind"
Old Girls Aloud Sketch
"Something Kinda Ooooh"
References
External links
2008 television specials
British music television shows
British television specials
Girls Aloud television shows
ITV (TV network) original programming
Music television specials
Television series by ITV Studios |
6902906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellesley%20Hospital | Wellesley Hospital | The Wellesley Hospital was a teaching hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada affiliated with the University of Toronto. It was founded by Dr. Herbert Bruce as a private hospital, but became publicly operated in 1942.
History
The Wellesley Hospital was opened as a 50-bed private hospital on 27 August 1912. The original hospital building at 13 Homewood Place had previously been the home of Frederic Thomas Nicholls.
In 1984, the Ross Tilley Regional Burn Centre was opened at the hospital, following extensive fund-raising by local firefighters and others.
The Wellesley Hospital was the primary care centre for HIV/AIDS patients in the Toronto area from 1988 until 2001.
It operated the second busiest emergency room in the downtown core of Toronto,
It merged with the nearby Central Hospital to become the Wellesley Central Hospital.
The Wellesley Division of Wellesley Central Hospital was closed by the Ontario government on the recommendation of the Ontario Health Services Restructuring Commission and the bulk of its programs were transferred between 1998 and 2002 to St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto. Its Arthritis & Autoimmunity Research Centre was transferred to the University Health Network.
Post-closure
After the hospital building was closed, the hospital corporation became the Wellesley Central Health Corporation (later known as the Wellesley Institute), which lists as its objectives "four strategic directions; development of the Wellesley Hospital lands, community based research and grants, capacity building through extensive training workshops and coalition development, and framing the urban health agenda through public policy."
Many historical aspects of the hospital, such as awards, photos, cornerstone and antique surgical collections were distributed to Toronto General Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital (and Archives) and a facade and E.R. fixtures and swing doors are included in Wellesley Central Place, the complex that was built at the site in 2007.
References
Notes
Survival Strategies: The Life, Death and Renaissance of a Canadian Teaching Hospital. Edited by David Goyette, Dennis William Magill and Jeff Denis. Foreword by George Smitherman, Ontario Minister of Health and Long Term Care. , May 2006
University of Toronto Department of Anaesthesia
Wellesley Central Health Corporation: Annual Report 2005
External links
Wellesley Hospital's mission statement
Hospitals in Toronto
Defunct hospitals in Canada
Hospitals affiliated with the University of Toronto
Hospitals established in 1942
1942 establishments in Ontario
2003 disestablishments in Ontario
Hospitals disestablished in 2003 |
20471592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKGS-FM | CKGS-FM | CKGS-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Saguenay, Quebec. The station serves the borough of La Baie.
Owned and operated by Attraction Radio, it broadcasts on 105.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 6,000 watts (class A). The station has an adult contemporary format. It is better known to be the home of controversial host Louis Champagne since November 2010.
The station was originally licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in March 2007. However, because the applicant had requested the 99.9 FM frequency, which was adjacent to CKAJ-FM's newly licensed rebroadcaster on 99.7, the license was made conditional on the applicant submitting a new application for the use of a different frequency. CKGS-FM has later submitted an application to use 105.5 MHz, which was approved by the CRTC in August 2008.
On August 2, 2010, CKGS-FM applied to the CRTC to add a transmitter at Chicoutimi which would operate at 105.9 MHz. This application was denied on December 13, 2010.
On July 3, 2012, 9202-1617 Québec inc. received approval from the CRTC to change CKGS-FM's frequency to 105.7; as of December 2014, the station has yet to relocate its signal to the new frequency. That same year, the station would be sold to its current owners, Attraction Radio. According to the stations' website, CKGS-FM still remains at 105.5 as of 2016.
In November 2014, it was announced that CKGS-FM and sister station CKRS-FM would join Cogeco's Rythme FM network starting February 9, 2015; this followed the CRTC's approval of CKRS's format change, which sought an Adult Contemporary format and a reduction in local talk programming.
In August 2018, Attraction Radio abandoned the Rythme FM network affiliation for an in-house branding "O".
See also
Louis Champagne
References
External links
Kgs
Kgs
Kgs
Radio stations established in 2009
2009 establishments in Quebec |
20471611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treason%20Act%201543 | Treason Act 1543 | The Treason Act 1543 (35 Hen 8 c 2) was an Act of the Parliament of England passed during the reign of King Henry VIII of England, which stated that acts of treason or misprision of treason that were committed outside the realm of England could be tried within England. Those convicted of high treason would have their estates confiscated by the King and then be hanged, drawn and quartered.
This Act received renewed attention in 1769, following protests against the Townshend Acts in colonial Boston. After determining that the 1543 Treason Act was still in effect, Parliament instructed Governor Francis Bernard of Massachusetts to gather evidence against Bostonians who might have committed acts of treason, so that they could be transported to England for trial. Colonial assemblies in British America passed resolutions against such an action, arguing that it would violate their constitutional right to a trial by jury of their peers.
No one in Massachusetts was arrested under the terms of the Treason Act, but the matter came up again in Rhode Island after the Gaspée Affair in 1772. Once again, officials were unable to obtain reliable evidence of treason.
The Act was repealed on 1 January 1968 by section 10(2) of, and Part I of Schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967.
Other treason statutes passed in 1543
The Act should not be confused with two other Acts, 35 Hen. 8 c. 1 and 3, which were also about treason and were passed in the same year. The first made it treason to refuse to take an oath against the Pope. The second made it treason to attempt to deprive the King of his royal title or of his title as Defender of the Faith and as Supreme Head of the Church in England and Ireland. Both forms of treason were abolished in 1547, but the latter was revived in the first year of the reign of Elizabeth I.
See also
High treason in the United Kingdom
Treason Act
References
Knollenberg, Bernhard. Growth of the American Revolution, 1766–1775. New York: Free Press, 1975. .
Jensen, Merrill. The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763–1776. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
External links
Full text of Act
1543 in law
1543 in England
Acts of the Parliament of England (1485–1603)
Treason in England |
20471612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%20My%20Match | Met My Match | Met My Match is a song by The Whitlams. It was released on 2 June 1995 as the second single from their second studio album, Undeniably.
Track listing
"Met My Match" - 3:36
"Following My Own Tracks" - 3:31
"Pass The Flagon" - 3:32
"You'll Find a Way" - 4:25
References
The Whitlams songs
1995 singles
Songs written by Tim Freedman
1994 songs |
20471629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iggesund | Iggesund | Iggesund is a locality situated in Hudiksvall Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden with 3,362 inhabitants in 2010.
Geography
Iggesund is located south of Hudiksvall, north of Söderhamn and southeast of Ljusdal, with the Bothnian Sea to the east. The nearest bigger cities are Sundsvall (pop. 49,339) to the north, and Gävle (pop. 68,700) to the south.
History
Iggesund was mentioned for the first time during the 15th century. At the time Iggesund consisted only of a few farms on both sides of the Iggåns.
1546 – Swedish king Gustav Vasa established an eel fishery at the Iggån.
1672 – Östanå paper mills were built on the northern shore of the Viksjön lake. They represented the first major industry in Iggesund.
1685 – Iggesund's industrial era began with the completion of the Iggesunds Bruk iron mill. Iggesund slowly transformed from an agricultural into an industrial town. With the steady expansion of Iggesunds Bruk the town's name slowly turned into a synonym for the mill.
1721 – Russians troops burned down a large part of the industry and town.
Name
around 1400: Igesunda
around 1500: Egesund, Eghesund, Eggesund, Iggesund, Iggsund
References
Populated places in Hudiksvall Municipality
Hälsingland |
20471647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik%20Holst%20%28physician%29 | Frederik Holst (physician) | Frederik Holst (14 August 1791 – 4 June 1871) was a Norwegian medical doctor. He is regarded as an important pioneer in medicine in Norway.
Biography
Holst was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. He was the son of merchant Hans Holst (1763–1846) and Inger Christine Backer (1765–1850).
He completed his examen artium at Oslo Cathedral School in 1810. He studied at the University of Copenhagen and earned his medical diploma based upon his doctoral thesis about the then-common and now-extinct skin disease , known in Latin as (1817).
He was appointed city physician () in Christiania (now Oslo) from 1817. He was Professor of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Hygiene at the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo) from 1824 until 1865. His works had significant influence on the treatment of prisoners and of patients with mental disorders. Together with Michael Skjelderup, he started and published Eyrt, the first Norwegian medical journal (1826). In 1831, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was one of the founders of the Norwegian Medical Society in Oslo (1833).
Personal life
He was made a knight in the Order of St. Olav (1847), Commander of St. Olav's Order (1865) and Commander of the Order of the Polar Star. In 1824, he married Dorothea Christierne Steffens (1805–1866).
Holst was the grandfather of linguist Clara Holst and professor Axel Holst.
References
1791 births
1871 deaths
People from Vestfold
People educated at Oslo Cathedral School
University of Copenhagen alumni
19th-century Norwegian physicians
University of Oslo faculty
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
Commanders of the Order of the Polar Star |
20471675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadeukbong | Gadeukbong | Gadeukbong is a mountain in the county of Inje, Gangwon-do, in South Korea. It has an elevation of .
See also
List of mountains in Korea
Notes
References
Mountains of South Korea
Inje County
Mountains of Gangwon Province, South Korea
One-thousanders of South Korea |
23574353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interracial%20marriage%20in%20the%20United%20States | Interracial marriage in the United States | Interracial marriage in the United States has been legal throughout the United States since at least the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court (Warren Court) decision Loving v. Virginia (1967) that held that "anti-miscegenation" laws were unconstitutional via the 14th Amendment adopted in 1868. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote in the court opinion that "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State."
The number of interracial marriages as a proportion of all marriages has been increasing since 1967, so that by 2010 15.1% of all new marriages in the United States were mixed race compared to a low single-digit rate in the mid-20th century. Interracial marriage has continued to rise throughout the 2010s.
Public approval of interracial marriage rose from around 5% in the 1950s to around 80% in the 2000s. The proportion of interracial marriages is markedly different depending on the ethnicity and gender of the spouses.
Historical background
The first "interracial" marriage in what is today the United States was that of the woman today commonly known as Pocahontas, who married tobacco planter John Rolfe in 1614.
The first ever law prohibiting interracial marriage was passed by the Maryland General Assembly in 1691.
The Quaker Zephaniah Kingsley married (outside the U.S.) a black enslaved woman that he bought in Cuba. He also had three black common-law enslaved wives; he manumitted all four. In 1828 he published a Treatise, reprinted three times, on the benefits of intermarriage, which according to Kingsley produced healthier and more beautiful children, and better citizens. In Spanish Florida, where Kingsley lived, he was tolerated until Florida became a U.S. territory, for which reason he eventually moved with his family to Haiti (today the Dominican Republic).
The prospect of black men marrying white women terrified many Americans before the Civil War. It was magnified into the greatest threat to society, the result of freeing blacks: according to them, White American women would be raped, defiled, sullied, by these savage jungle beasts. Extramarital "interracial" unions were not rare, most commonly white male and black female (see Sally Hemings, Lydia Hamilton Smith, and Children of the plantation), and although restricted to the lower classes common-law unions of black male with white female are not unknown.
However, the first legal black-white marriage in the United States was that of African-American professor William G. Allen and a white student, Mary King, in 1853. When their plans to marry were announced, Allen narrowly escaped being lynched. Their marriage was secret, and they left the country immediately for England, never to return.
While opposed to slavery, in a speech in Charleston, Illinois in 1858, Abraham Lincoln stated, "I am not, nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people. I as much as any man am in favor of the superior position assigned to the white race". By 1924, the ban on interracial marriage was still in force in 29 states. While interracial marriage had been legal in California since 1948, in 1957 actor Sammy Davis Jr. faced a backlash for his relationship with a white woman, actress Kim Novak. In 1958, Davis briefly married a black woman, actress and dancer Loray White, to protect himself from mob violence.
In Social Trends in America and Strategic Approaches to the Negro Problem (1948), Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal ranked the social areas where restrictions were imposed on the freedom of Black Americans by Southern White Americans through racial segregation, from the least to the most important: basic public facility access, social equality, jobs, courts and police, politics and marriage. This ranking scheme illustrates the manner in which the barriers against desegregation fell: Of less importance was the segregation in basic public facilities, which was abolished with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
However, the most tenacious form of legal segregation, the banning of interracial marriage, was not fully lifted until the last anti-miscegenation laws were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren in a unanimous ruling Loving v. Virginia. The court's landmark decision, which was made on June 12, 1967, has been commemorated and celebrated every year on the Loving Day (June 12) in the United States.
Academic researches
Cultural aspects
The differing ages of individuals, culminating in the generation divides, have traditionally played a large role in how mixed ethnic couples are perceived in American society. Interracial marriages have typically been highlighted through two points of view in the United States: Egalitarianism and cultural conservatism. Egalitarianism's view of interracial marriage is acceptance of the phenomenon, while traditionalists view interracial marriage as taboo and as socially unacceptable. Egalitarian viewpoints typically are held by younger generations, however older generations have an inherent influence on the views of the younger. Gurung & Duong (1999) compiled a study relating to mixed-ethnic relationships ("MER"s) and same-ethnic relationships ("SER"s), concluding that individuals part of "MER"s generally do not view themselves differently from same-ethnic couples. Research led by Barnett, Burma, and Monahan in 1963 and 1971 showed people who marry outside of their race are usually older and are more likely to live in an urban setting.
Social enterprise research conducted on behalf of the Columbia Business School (2005–2007) showed that regional differences within the United States in how interracial relationships are perceived have persisted: Daters of both sexes from south of the Mason–Dixon line were found to have much stronger same-race preferences than northern daters did. The study also observed a clear gender divide in racial preference with regards to marriage: Women of all the races which were studied revealed a strong preference for men of their own race for marriage, with the caveat that East Asian women only discriminated against Black and Hispanic men, and not against White men. A woman's race was found to have no effect on the men's choices.
Socio-economic aspects
Several studies have found that a factor which significantly affects an individual's choices with regards to marriage is socio-economic status ("SES")—the measure of a person's income, education, social class, profession, etc. For example, a study by the Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University confirmed that women show a tendency to marry up in socio-economic status; this reduces the probability of marriage of low SES men.
Research at the universities of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and Texas A&M addressing the topic of socio-economic status, among other factors, showed that none of the socio-economic status variables appeared to be positively related to outmarriage within the Asian American community, and found lower-socioeconomically stable Asians sometimes utilized outmarriage to whites as a means to advance social status.
Marital stability
A 2008 study by Jenifer Bratter and Rosalind King conducted on behalf of the Education Resources Information Center examined whether crossing racial boundaries increased the risk of divorce. Comparisons across marriage cohorts revealed that, overall, interracial couples have higher rates of divorce, particularly for those that married during the late 1980s. A 2009 study by Yuanting Zhang and Jennifer Van Hook also found that interracial couples were at increased risk of divorce.
One consistent finding of this research is that gender is significantly related to divorce risk. Interracial marriages involving a White woman have a higher risk of divorce, as compared with interracial marriages involving Asian or Black women.
According to authors Stella Ting-Toomey and Tenzin Dorjee, the increased risk of divorce observed in couples with a White wife may be related to decreased support from family members and friends. They note that White women were viewed as "unqualified" by their non-White in-laws to raise and nurture mixed race children, due to their lack of experience in "navigating American culture as a minority". A 2018 study by Jennifer Bratter and Ellen Whitehead found that white women with mixed race children were less likely to receive family support than were non-white women with mixed race children.
In one study, White women married to Black men were more likely to report incidents of racial discrimination in public, such as inferior restaurant service or police profiling, compared to other interracial pairings. Such prejudicial factors may place these marriages at an increased risk of divorce.
A study published in 2008 reported a lower risk of divorce for inter-ethnic marriages between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. However, another study, published in 2011, found that these intermarriages were at an increased risk of divorce. Gender was found to be related to the probability of divorce, with marriages involving White women and Hispanic men having the highest risk of divorce.
Census Bureau statistics
The number of interracial marriages has steadily continued to increase since the 1967 Supreme Court ruling in Loving v. Virginia, but also continues to represent an absolute minority among the total number of wed couples. According to the United States Census Bureau, the number of interracially married couples has increased from 310,000 in 1970 to 651,000 in 1980, to 964,000 in 1990, to 1,464,000 in 2000 and to 2,340,000 in 2008; accounting for 0.7%, 1.3%, 1.8%, 2.6% and 3.9% of the total number of married couples in those years, respectively.
These statistics do not take into account the mixing of ancestries within the same "race"; e.g. a marriage involving Indian and Japanese ancestries would not be classified as interracial due to the Census regarding both as the same category. Likewise, since Hispanic is not a race but an ethnicity, Hispanic marriages with non-Hispanics are not registered as interracial if both partners are of the same race (i.e. a Black Hispanic marrying a non-Hispanic Black partner).
Based on these figures:
White Americans were statistically the least likely to wed interracially, though in absolute terms they were involved in interracial marriages more than any other racial group due to their demographic majority. 2.1% of married White women and 2.3% of married White men had a non-White spouse. 1.0% of all married White men were married to an Asian American woman, and 1.0% of married White women were married to a man classified as "other".
4.6% of married Black American women and 10.8% of married Black American men had a non-Black spouse. 8.5% of married Black men and 3.9% of married Black women had a White spouse. 0.2% of married Black women were married to Asian American men, representing the least prevalent marital combination.
There is a notable disparity in the rates of exogamy by Asian American males and females. Of all Asian American/White marriages, only 29% involved an Asian American male and a White female. However Indian American males married more non-Indians than females, although Indian Americans displayed the highest rates of endogamy, with very low levels of outmarriage overall. Of all Asian American/Black marriages only 19% involved an Asian American male and a Black female. 17.5% of married Asian American women and 8.2% of married Asian American men had a non-Asian American spouse.
The most common interracial marriage in the United States is an Asian American female married to a White American male, this is followed by a White American female married to a Black American male.
In 2006, 88% of foreign-born White Hispanic males were married to White Hispanic females. In terms of out-marriage, Hispanic males who identified as White had non-Hispanic wives more often than other Hispanic men.
2008 Pew Research Center Report
The table (U.S. Census Bureau's 2008 American Community Survey) shows that among whites who out-married in 2008, there were different patterns by gender in the race of their spouses. More than a quarter of white men (26.9%) married an Asian woman, and about 6.9% married a black woman. In contrast, 20.1% of white women married a black man, while just 9.4% married an Asian man.
A slightly higher proportion of white women than white men married a Hispanic person (51% versus 46%), and a similar share of each
gender married someone in the other group.
The study found that in 2008:
A record 14.6% of all new marriages in the United States in 2008 were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. This compares to 8.0% of all current marriages regardless of when they occurred. This includes marriages between a Hispanic and non-Hispanic (Hispanics are an ethnic group, not a race) as well as marriages between spouses of different races – be they white, black, Asian, American Indian or those who identify as being of multiple races or some other race.
Among all newlyweds in 2008, 9% of whites, 16% of blacks, 26% of Hispanics and 31% of Asians married someone whose race or ethnicity was different from their own.
Among all newlyweds in 2008, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (41%) as compared to White-Asian (15%), White-Black (11%), and Other Combinations (33%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American Indians.
Among all newlyweds in 2008, native-born Hispanics and Asians were far more likely to intermarry than foreign-born Hispanics and Asians: 41.3% of native-born Hispanic men out-married compared to 11.3% of foreign-born Hispanic men; 37.4% of native-born Hispanic women out-married compared to 12.2% of foreign-born Hispanic women; 41.7% of native-born Asian men out-married compared to 11.7% of foreign-born Asian men; 50.8% of native-born Asian women out-married compared to 36.8% of foreign-born Asian women. Foreign-born excludes immigrants who arrived married.
Gender patterns in intermarriage vary widely. Some 22% of all black male newlyweds in 2008 married outside their race, compared with just 9% of black female newlyweds. Among Asians, the gender pattern runs the other way. Some 40% of Asian female newlyweds married outside their race in 2008, compared with just 20% of Asian male newlyweds. Among whites and Hispanics, by contrast, there are no gender differences in intermarriage rates.
Rates of intermarriages among newlyweds in the U.S. more than doubled between 1980 (6.7%) and 2008 (14.6%). However, different groups experienced different trends. Rates more than doubled among whites and nearly tripled among blacks. But for both Hispanics and Asians, rates were nearly identical in 2008 and 1980.
These seemingly contradictory trends were driven by the heavy, ongoing Hispanic and Asian immigration wave of the past four decades. For whites and blacks, these immigrants (and, increasingly, their U.S.-born children who are now of marrying age) have enlarged the pool of potential spouses for out-marriage. But for Hispanics and Asians, the ongoing immigration wave has also enlarged the pool of potential partners for in-group marriage.
There is a strong regional pattern to intermarriage. Among all new marriages in 2008, 22% in the West were interracial or interethnic, compared with 13% in both the South and Northeast and 11% in the Midwest.
Most Americans say they approve of racial or ethnic intermarriage – not just in the abstract, but in their own families. More than six-in-ten say it would be fine with them if a family member told them they were going to marry someone from any of three major race/ethnic groups other than their own.
More than a third of adults (35%) say they have a family member who is married to someone of a different race. Blacks say this at higher rates than do whites; younger adults at higher rates than older adults; and Westerners at higher rates than people living in other regions of the country.
2010 Pew Research Center Report
The study (U.S. Census Bureau's 2010 American Community Survey) found that in 2010:
A record 15.1% of all new marriages in the United States were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. This compares to 8.4% of all current marriages regardless of when they occurred. This includes marriages between a Hispanic and non-Hispanic (Hispanics are an ethnic group, not a race) as well as marriages between spouses of different races – be they white, black, Asian, American Indian or those who identify as being of multiple races or some other race.
Among all newlyweds, 9.4% of whites, 17.1% of blacks, 25.7% of Hispanics and 27.7% of Asians married someone whose race or ethnicity was different from their own.
Among all newlyweds, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (43.3%) as compared to White-Asian (14.4%), White-Black (11.9%), and Other Combinations (30.4%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American Indians.
Among all newlyweds, native-born Hispanics and Asians were far more likely to intermarry than foreign-born Hispanics and Asians: 36.2% of native-born Hispanics (both men and women) out-married compared to 14.2% of foreign-born Hispanics; 32% of native-born Asian men out-married compared to 11% of foreign-born Asian men; 43% of native-born Asian women out-married compared to 34% of foreign-born Asian women. Foreign-born excludes immigrants who arrived married.
Gender patterns in intermarriage vary widely. Some 24% of all black male newlyweds in 2010 married outside their race, compared with just 9% of black female newlyweds. Among Asians, the gender pattern runs the other way. Some 36% of Asian female newlyweds married outside their race in 2010, compared with just 17% of Asian male newlyweds. Among whites and Hispanics, by contrast, there are no gender differences in intermarriage rates.
Rates of intermarriages among newlyweds in the U.S. have nearly tripled since 1980 (6.7%) increasing to 14.6% in 2008 and 15.1% in 2010.
There is a strong regional pattern to intermarriage. Among all new marriages in 2010, 22% in the West were interracial or interethnic, compared with 14% in the South, 13% in the Northeast and 11% in the Midwest.
Interracial marriage by pairing
Asian and White
Marriages between European Americans and Asian Americans are increasingly common for both genders in the United States.
Asian Americans of both genders who are U.S.-raised are much more likely to be married to Whites than their non-U.S.-raised counterparts. A 1998 Washington Post article states 36% of young Asian Pacific American men born in the United States married White women, and 45% of U.S.-born Asian Pacific American women took White husbands during the year of publication.
The 1960 census showed Asian-White was the most common marriages. White women most common intermarriage pairings with Asian American was with Filipino males (12,000), followed by Indian males (11,200), followed by Japanese males (3,500) and Chinese males (3,500). For White males, the most common was with Japanese females (21,700), Indian females (17,500), followed by Filipina females (4,500) and Chinese females (2,900).
Anti-miscegenation laws discouraging marriages between Whites and non-Whites were affecting Asian immigrants and their spouses from the late 17th to early 20th century. By 1910, 28 states prohibited certain forms of interracial marriage. Eight states including Arizona, California, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Utah extended their prohibitions to include people of Asian descent. The laws of Arizona, California, Mississippi, Texas, and Utah referred to "Mongolians". Asians in California were barred by anti-miscegenation laws from marrying White Americans (a group including Hispanic Americans). Nevada and Oregon referred to "Chinese," while Montana listed both "Chinese" and "Japanese" persons. For example, a Eurasian daughter born to an Indian father and Irish mother in Maryland in 1680 was classified as a "mulato" and sold into slavery, and the Bengali revolutionary Tarak Nath Das's white American wife, Mary K. Das, was stripped of her American citizenship for her marriage to an "alien ineligible for citizenship."
In 1918, there was controversy in Arizona when an Indian farmer married the sixteen-year-old daughter of one of his White tenants. California law did not explicitly bar Filipinos and whites from marrying, a fact brought to wide public attention by the 1933 California Supreme Court case Roldan v. Los Angeles County; however, the legislature quickly moved to amend the laws to prohibit such marriages as well in the aftermath of the case. Virginia in addition implicitly forbade marriage between white and Asians in the 1924 Racial Integrity Act, which banned marriages between whites and people who had "a trace whatsoever of any blood other than Caucasian" except for people with 1/16 or less Native American ancestry.
Research conducted in the late 1970s in Los Angeles County, California, showed Japanese were, on average, more likely to marry outside of their race compared to Chinese and Koreans in the county. In 1979, 41.2% of Chinese marriages had a spouse of a different race. Koreans had a 27.6% rate of interracial marriages, and Japanese had a rate of 60.6%. The research also showed that, among Asians living in the United States, the percentage of women who married outside their race was higher than the percentage of men. Specifically, Korean-American women are involved in a higher percent of interracial marriages than Chinese or Japanese women. The research considered marriages to other Asians outside a person's ethnicity to be interracial marriages, for example, a Korean marrying a Japanese person.
Black and White
In the United States, there has been a historical disparity between Black female and Black male exogamy ratios: according to the United States Census Bureau, there were 354,000 White female/Black male and 196,000 Black female/White male marriages in March 2009, representing a ratio of 181:100. This traditional disparity has seen a rapid decline over the last two decades, contrasted with its peak in 1981 when the ratio was still 371:100. In 2007, 4.6% of all married Blacks in the United States were wed to a White partner, and 0.4% of all Whites were married to a Black partner.The role of gender in interracial divorce dynamics, found in social studies by Jenifer L. Bratter and Rosalind B. King, was highlighted when examining marital instability among Black/White unions. White wife/Black husband marriages show twice the divorce rate of White wife/White husband couples by the 10th year of marriage, whereas Black wife/White husband marriages are 44% less likely to end in divorce than White wife/White husband couples over the same period.
According to Census Bureau data, in 1985 black men participated in 143,000 interracial marriages (approximately 3% of all married black men in the U.S.).
Historically, mixed-race offspring of black and white people such as mulattos and quadroons were often denominated to the lower racial category, an example of the "one-drop rule", as a way to maintain the racial hierarchy. When slavery was legal, most mixed children came from an African American mother and white father. Relations between an African American man and white woman were deeply frowned upon, often due to the frequent portrayal of the men as sexual dangers. (By the 1970s, intermarriages flipped to be more common between a white woman and African American man). Once slavery was abolished, intermarriage was more common among higher educated and more affluent African Americans. There became a balance between racial prestige and socioeconomic prestige in intermarriages. Intermarriage between African Americans and whites was seen as the ultimate objective of integrationism. They believed these intermarriages were the solution to racism and discrimination.
The 1960 and 1970 censuses showed that interracial marriage between black people and white people was least likely to occur in the South and most likely to occur in the West, specifically the West coast. In the 1960 census, 0.8% of black women and 0.6% of black men in the South were married to a white person. Ten years later, 0.5% of black women and 0.5% of black men in the South were married to a white person. By contrast, in the western U.S., 1.6% of black women and 2.1% of black men had white spouses in the 1960 census; the comparable figures in the 1970 census were 1.6% of black women and 4.9% of black men. In the 1980 census, the percentage of black men in the western U.S. in interracial marriages had increased to 16.5%. However, in 2020, births between blacks and whites were much more common in the South than other regions with approximately half occurring there and were least common in the West due to the low black percentage.
Native American and Asian
Filipino Americans have frequently married Native American and Alaskan Native people. In the 17th century, when Filipinos were under Spanish rule, the Spanish colonists ensured a Filipino trade between the Philippines and the Americas. When the Mexicans revolted against the Spanish, the Filipinos first escaped into Mexico, then traveled to Louisiana, where the exclusively male Filipinos married Native American women. In the 1920s, Filipino American communities of workers also grew in Alaska, and Filipino American men married Alaskan Native women. On the west coast, Filipino Americans married Native American women in Bainbridge Island, Washington.
Asian and Black
With African Americans and Asian Americans, the ratios are even further imbalanced, with roughly five times more Asian female/African male marriages than Asian male/African female marriages. However, C.N. Le estimated that among Asian Americans of the 1.5 generation and of the five largest Asian American ethnic groups this ratio narrows to approximately two to one. Even though the disparity between African American and Asian American interracial marriages by gender is high according to the 2000 US Census, the total numbers of Asian American/African American interracial marriages are low, numbering only 0.22% percent for Asian American male marriages and 1.30% percent of Asian female marriages, partially contributed by the recent flux of Asian immigrants.
Historically, Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States. After the Emancipation Proclamation, many Chinese Americans immigrated to the Southern states, particularly Arkansas, to work on plantations. The tenth year of US Census of Louisiana alone had counted 57% of interracial marriages between these Chinese Americans to be with African Americans and 43% to be with European American women. After the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese American men had fewer potential ethnically Chinese wives, so they increasingly married African American women on the West Coast. In Jamaica and other Caribbean nations as well many Chinese males over past generations took up African wives, gradually assimilating or absorbing many Chinese descendants into the African Caribbean community or the overall mixed-race community.
Native American and White
The interracial disparity between genders among Native Americans is low. Women are slightly more likely to “marry out” than men in this group: 61% of American Indian female newlyweds married outside their race, compared with 54% of American Indian male newlyweds.
Historically in Latin America, and to a lesser degree in the United States, Native Americans have married out at a high rate. Many countries in Latin America have large Mestizo populations; in many cases, mestizos are the largest ethnic group in their respective countries.
Native American and Black
In the United States, interracial unions between Native Americans and African Americans have also existed throughout the 16th through early 20th century resulting in some African Americans having Native American heritage.
Throughout American history, there has been frequent mixing between Native Americans and black Africans. When Native Americans invaded the European colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1622, they killed the Europeans but took the African slaves as captives, gradually integrating them. Interracial relationships occurred between African Americans and members of other tribes along coastal states. During the transitional period of Africans becoming the primary race enslaved, Native Americans were sometimes enslaved with them. Africans and Native Americans worked together, some even intermarried and had mixed children. The relationship between Africans and Native-Americans was seen as a threat to Europeans and European-Americans, who actively tried to divide Native-Americans and Africans and put them against each other.
During the 18th Century, some Native American women turned to freed or runaway African men due to a major decline in the male population in Native American villages. At the same time, the early slave population in America was disproportionately male. Records show that some Native American women bought African men as slaves. Unknown to European sellers, the women freed and married the men into their tribe.
Some African men chose Native American women as their partners because their children would be free, as the child's status followed that of the mother. The men could marry into some of the matrilineal tribes and be accepted, as their children were still considered to belong to the mother's people. As European expansion increased in the Southeast, African and Native American marriages became more numerous.
Public opinion
Historically, interracial marriage in the United States was subject to great public opposition (often a taboo), especially among whites. According to opinion polls, by 1986 only one third of Americans approved of interracial marriage in general. In contrast, in 2011, the vast majority of Americans approved of marriages between different races in general, while just 20 years earlier, in 1991, less than half approved.
It was only in 1994 when more than half of Americans approved of such marriages in general. The approval/disapproval rate differs between demographic groups (for example by race, gender, age, and socioeconomic and marital status).
A 2018 YouGov/Economist poll found that 17% of Americans oppose interracial marriage; with 19% of "other" ethnic groups, 18% of blacks, 17% of whites, and 15% of Hispanics opposing.
Attitudes towards interracial marriage can vary depending upon the race of the union and the person judging them - for example, black women expressed less approval for black men-white women marriages than the reverse, and Asian men less approval of white men-Asian women marriages than the reverse, seemingly due to concerns over mate competition.
Relevant fields
Marriage squeeze
A term has arisen to describe the social phenomenon of the so-called "marriage squeeze" for African American females. The "marriage squeeze" refers to the perception that the most "eligible" and "desirable" African American men are marrying non-African American women at a higher rate, leaving African American women who wish to marry African American men with fewer partnering options. According to Newsweek, 43% of African American women between the ages of 30 and 34 have never been married.
Religion and interracial marriage
Historically, many American religions disapproved of interracial marriage. Religious tradition and church attendance are consistent predictors for attitudes towards interracial marriages. Biblical literalists are less likely to support interracial marriage to Asians and Latinos. Whites who attend multiracial congregations or engage in devotional religious practices are more likely to support interracial marriages. Region also moderates the relationship between religion and interracial dating. Children with a religious upbringing in non-Western states, particularly the South, were less likely to have interracially dated than those without religious upbringings. Religious attitudes combined with Christian nationalism increased opposition to intermarriage more than either attribute measured independently.
According to a Baylor University study "people with no religious affiliation were not statistically more likely to be in intermarriages than evangelical or mainline Protestants or people from other religions" with one exception, Catholics. Catholics were twice as likely to be in an interracial marriage than the general population. It is speculated that the reason for this is twofold: the increasing diversity of the Catholic population (which has seen a huge influx of immigrants, Catholicism has sizable to significant number of adherents from many nationalities worldwide) and the fact that Catholics typically base their choice of parish on geography rather than on its ethnic or racial makeup which creates more opportunities for interracial mixing. Jews were also more likely to date interracially than Protestants.
Some religions actively teach against interracial marriages. For example, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints recommends against interracial marriages, but does not prohibit it. On the other hand, the Baháʼí Faith promotes interracial marriage as a prerequisite to achieving world peace.
Even into the twentieth century, marriage between subcultures of Judaism was rare. Eastern European Jews were the most analyzed subgroup due to having the largest presence in the U.S. During 1908–1912, only 2.27% of Jews in New York City were part of an intermarriage. This figure only rose to 3.6% by 1919. Despite enjoying new freedom in America after escaping the oppression of the Old World, some Jews were still hesitant about interfaith marriage. One of the greatest factors that swayed Jews away from intermarriage was a fear of assimilation and loss of identity. Although the beginnings of a melting pot culture appeared to encourage diversity, it was also seen as a threat to the Jewish culture and religion. However, there was also fear of persecution due to racial tensions and frequent discrimination.
Not all Jews were hesitant about assimilating into American culture. Some early Jewish authors such as Mary Antin were strong proponents of abandoning their Jewish heritage and encouraged interfaith marriage. It was suggested as a way to make immigration easier and reflect positively on the Jews in a time of prevailing discrimination. They believed that intermarriage was beneficial to both the Jewish community and America as a whole.
While intermarriage was relatively common among ethnic groups like the German and Italians, the practice of endogamy was still the domineering practice among the newer ethnic groups. It has been found that rates in Jewish intermarriage increase from the initial immigrant wave with each subsequent generation.
Immigrants and interracial marriage
Racial endogamy is significantly stronger among recent immigrants. This result holds for all racial groups, with the strongest endogamy found among immigrants of African descent. Gender differences in interracial marriage change significantly when the non-white partner is an immigrant. For instance, female immigrants of Chinese descent are more likely to marry U.S.-born Caucasians than are their male counterparts.
Interracial marriage versus cohabitation
In the United States, rates of interracial cohabitation are significantly higher than those of marriage. Although only 7% of married African American men have European American wives, 12.5% of cohabitating African American men have European American partners. 25% of married Asian American women have European spouses, but 45% of cohabitating Asian American women are with European American men—higher than the percentage cohabiting with Asian men (less than 43%).
Of cohabiting Asian men, slightly over 37% of Asian men have white female partners and over 10% married to white women. These numbers suggest that the prevalence of intimate interracial contact is around double that of what is represented by marriage data.
See also
Hispanic and Latino Americans#Intermarriage
Multiracial American
Race (United States Census)
References
Further reading |
20471730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeinsan | Gaeinsan | Gaeinsan is a mountain in the counties of Inje and Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, in South Korea. It has an elevation of .
See also
List of mountains in Korea
Notes
References
Mountains of South Korea
Inje County
Mountains of Gangwon Province, South Korea
One-thousanders of South Korea |
20471753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Wilson%20Vaka | Joseph Wilson Vaka | Joseph Wilson Vaka (born 21 November 1980) in Kolofo'ou, Tonga) is rugby union footballer. He plays at outside centre or wing. He played for Havelock Sports Club in Sri Lanka in 2007 before moving to Japan. He was with the World Fighting Bulls in Kobe, Hyogo before he came to Toyota Shokki Shuttles in Kariya, Aichi where he currently resides.
In 2007 Vaka was cautioned by UK police after assaulting a fan at Heathrow airport.
Personal life
Vaka is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
References
1980 births
Living people
Tongan Latter Day Saints
Tongan rugby union players
People from Nukuʻalofa
Rugby union wings
Tonga international rugby union players
Tongan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in Sri Lanka
Expatriate rugby union players in Japan
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Sri Lanka
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Toyota Industries Shuttles Aichi players |
20471760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Augustus%20Just | John Augustus Just | Dr. John Augustus Just (January 9, 1854 – September 13, 1908) was a German-born chemist and inventor. He is best known for his investigative work into recovery of precious metals from their ores and for completing the process for evaporating milk. For his scientific achievements, he was awarded a medal by the committee celebrating Berthelot's 50th anniversary.
Just registered dozens of patents with the United States Patent Office. He also founded several companies in the Syracuse, New York area including the Just Mining and Extraction Company, the Just's Food Company, the Just Process Company and the Just Reduction Company. He belonged to numerous scientific societies, and his work in investigative chemistry gained him worldwide recognition.
Early life and education
John Augustus Just claimed to have been born in Karlsbad, Germany; United States census records, however, indicate that he was born in the small town of Feilbingert in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. He was one of five children. Their parents were Christian and Julia (Steel) Just; Christian was a merchant, interested in coal-mining.
Little is known about Just's early years; William Martin Beauchamp wrote that "John A. Just from early boyhood days manifested the strong mentality and love of scientific research which have gained him eminence as a chemist". He attended German public schools, Bonn University, the technology school at Zurich and Heidelberg University (from which he graduated as Doctor of Science at age 18).
Immediately after graduation Just emigrated to New York following the war between Germany and France, leaving Antwerp in the spring of 1874 and arriving in New York shortly afterwards. Upon his arrival he lived in New York City for 13 years, working as a chemist for a large corporation. He continued to study chemistry at the Astor Library.
Marriage and family
In 1886 Just moved to Syracuse, where he lived for the remainder of his life. He married Annie Laurie (Baughman) Just; however, the year and place of the marriage is unknown. He had a son, Morton C. Just, with a Canadian woman whose identity is unknown. Just and Annie had three children: John H., Mary H. and Alvah L.
In June 1902, Dr. Just purchased two building lots in Selkirk Beach (on the shore of Lake Ontario – not to be confused with the Selkirk near Albany) from Edmund Brown to build a summer cottage. No construction was done, and the lots were sold a short time later to Edwin M. Gallup of Syracuse. Just purchased the Tollner mansion in Pulaski, New York in April 1903. In August 1905, Just purchased the Bartels residence in Syracuse, taking possession after returning from a trip to Europe in November of that year and transferring ownership of the Tollner mansion to Mr. Bartels. At this time, his new house in Syracuse was valued at $40,000 and was viewed as one of the finest pieces of property on West Genesee Street.
Syracuse businesses
Just's Food Company
Under US Patent 764,294, Just began to employ his new method of evaporating milk into a dried powder. The technique (later known as the Just Milk Process) involves first treating a sample of milk with calcium chloride to reduce its acidity and then with alkaline hypochlorite to preserve the fatty acids in the finished product. The treated milk is then rolled between two large, horizontal steam-heated rollers. This action dries the milk; it is then scraped off and collected.
Just was instrumental in founding Just's Food Company and the Just Milk Process, which was incorporated on November 15, 1902 with $10,000 in capital. The main product of the company was an infant food, which contained his famous evaporated milk and was praised for its lack of artificial ingredients. The formula was to be diluted in milk and was said to be "nearly like the natural food of an infant". Physicians in Syracuse regarded it highly for its nutritional value claiming "It is in the proper physiological form and the right proportion to grow strong bones, steady nerves and hard, firm flesh".
Extensive testing was done on Just's dried milk to analyze its nutritional value and purity. When compared with other forms of dried milk, the Just Process produced a product that was superior in vitamin and mineral content and solubility, and aided in preventing certain childhood diseases. The company was later bought by the Merrell-Soule Company, which became one of the largest dried-milk companies in the United States. Just sold the rights to his evaporation process to James Robertson Hatmaker, which became known as the "Just-Hatmaker Process".
Just Mining and Extraction Company
Just's US Patent 814,294 was a new way to extract precious metals from their ores. Before his invention chlorinizing and roasting of the ore was required, which was found to be too costly in fuel, money and time. The new technique (also known as the Just process) was claimed to be much more efficient and hence, more attractive to mining executives. Just's process included chemical treatment of the ore, completely omitting the costly techniques used before. These chemicals extract the metal directly from the ore, dispensing it in the form of a fine metallic precipitate. This precipitate is washed and melted into ingots, while the extraction chemical is collected and reused.
This development attracted some of the "largest and most expert mining operators of the century as well as capitalists who reckon their wealth by millions". The Just Mining and Extraction Company was incorporated on September 29, 1904 with $250,000 in financial capital. Its immediate success attracted mining expert Major J. M. Reynolds and United States Senators Richard F. Pettigrew of South Dakota and William Andrews Clark of Montana. After visiting Syracuse to analyze the company and its processes, the men decided to construct of a reduction plant in Tonopah, Nevada (an area rich in precious-metal ores).
Given the success of Just's company, corporate growth was both necessary and inevitable. Mr. A. Wiswall, an associate of the company, told a newspaper reporter in Syracuse that "the Just Mining and Extraction Company is moving forward steadily without interruption and delay". On April 7, 1905, the Just Process Company was incorporated with capital of $1,000,000, and Just was elected scientific director of the new company. The name of the company was officially changed from the Just Mining and Extraction Company to the Just Process Company on March 10, 1910, following Just's death.
Later life and death
In October 1905 Just and his wife traveled to Europe, touring England, Ireland, France, Italy and Switzerland. In Paris they met a mining engineer, who asked Just to visit the tin mines in Cornwall, England. During his visit to the mines, he collected a sample of ore and brought it back to Syracuse for experimentation.
Just was appointed chairman of the Syracuse branch of the National Board of Health in June 1908. However, he was stricken with a chronic illness that year and spent much of his time at the family's summer home in Cazenovia, New York. Two weeks before his death, his condition further deteriorated; his family moved him to his Syracuse home where he died on September 13, 1908, aged 54 years. He is buried in Syracuse under the Just Monument, designed by his wife and sculpted by Charles E. Tefft.
Organizations
John Augustus Just was a member of scientific organizations from many countries. These organizations include:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Chemical Society
American Geographical Society
Chemists Club of New York
American Academy of Political and Social Science
American Forestry Association
Society for the Protection of the Adirondack Mountains
New York section of the Chemical Industry
National Geographical Society of Washington D.C.
Heidelberg Club of Syracuse
Royal Meteorological Society of London
Society of Arts and Commerce of London
International Congress of Applied Science of Berlin and Rome
Patents
Just was reported to have nearly 170 patents worldwide; the following are US patents (by number and date) registered under his name:
Further reading
References
1854 births
1908 deaths
American chemists
19th-century American inventors
German emigrants to the United States
Heidelberg University alumni |
23574359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%20ICF%20Canoe%20Slalom%20World%20Championships | 1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships | The 1969 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 11th edition. The mixed C2 team event returned for the third and final time after not being held at the previous championships. East Germany did not win any medals for the first time since 1951.
Note
Only two teams completed the course in the women's K1 team event.
Medal summary
Men's
Canoe
Kayak
Mixed
Canoe
Women's
Kayak
Medals table
References
External links
International Canoe Federation
Icf Canoe Slalom World Championships, 1969
ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
International sports competitions hosted by France
Icf Canoe Slalom World Championships, 1969 |
20471762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%20Rutherglen%20by-election | 1964 Rutherglen by-election | There was a by-election for the constituency of Rutherglen in the House of Commons on 14 May 1964, not long before the 1964 general election.
It was a Labour gain from the Conservatives, the candidate was Gregor Mackenzie. Unlike some by-election gains, it was held at the next general election and eventually became a fairly safe Labour seat, with Mackenzie serving as MP until 1987. The defeated Conservative candidate, Iain Sproat, later served as the MP for Aberdeen South and Harwich. The Scottish National Party decided not to contest the election, even though it was party policy to contest all Scottish by-elections.
Background
The by-election was one of four (the others being Bury St Edmunds, Devizes and Winchester being held on the same day in which the seat was being defended by a candidate supporting the incumbent Conservative government. With a general election due later in the year, the results were anticipated with interest as a pointer to what might happen at the election. It was felt voter turnout could be crucial and Sproat's agent, F. W. S. Craig had arranged for 1000 party workers and 300 cars to be active on polling day. The Glasgow Herald felt that Sproat could win if turnout was over 80%.
Result
Aftermath
The result showed a considerable swing of 7.6% against the government. While it held Winchester, there was an even larger swing of 8.5% against the Conservatives there. The Glasgow Herald considered the result in Rutherglen significant as the Conservatives had won the seat in 1951 when they had a small overall majority and swings were usually less pronounced in Scotland than the rest of the UK. The newspaper suggested that the results were repeated at a general election the Labour Party would have a majority of about 120 seats. An editorial in The Glasgow Herald the day after the election said that while the Conservatives holding Devizes perhaps suggested the party's fortunes were improving in England, the Rutherglen result was "a rank bad one" for the party, which did not suggest that any recovery in their position was taking place in Scotland. Indeed it further noted that there been a swing to Labour in Scotland in 1959 against the UK-wide trend, and the result suggested Labour was further improving upon this. The Herald's editorial argued that it was still possible for the Conservatives to improve their position in Scotland before the general election, which was expected to be held in October, but that the party needed to widen its Scottish horizons and improve its presentation to show the economic and political improvements the government had carried out. A further editorial the following day was more pessimistic about the Conservatives chances, particularly in Scotland. It argued the Rutherglen result "marks another stage of a Conservative decline in industrial Scotland" which had started before the 1959 general election. It also rejected the idea that Sproat's defeat could be blamed on him being an inexperienced candidate who got out of his depth, arguing that the shortcomings of a candidate should be blamed on those in the party who had selected and advised them. It concluded that the Rutherglen defeat "should at least shake the Scottish Conservatives out of the assumption that things could hardly get worse."
Mackenzie claimed the "positive swing to Labour" meant that the seat could not be considered marginal and the result was "bound to stand" at the forthcoming general election. In contrast Alec Douglas-Home wrote in a letter to Sproat that he was sure he would regain the seat for the Conservatives in the autumn. Ultimately Mackenzie's assessment proved to be correct with him easily holding the seat at the next contest in October.
References
Rutherglen by-election
1960s elections in Scotland
Rutherglen by-election
Rutherglen by-election
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies
Rutherglen |
23574368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelivan | Pelivan | Pelivan is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Cișmea and Pelivan.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
17334863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20Pittsburgh%20buildings | List of University of Pittsburgh buildings | The lists of University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) buildings catalog only the currently-existing Pitt- and UPMC-owned buildings and structures that reside within the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the home of the university's and medical center's main campuses. Although the University and the closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) are tightly intertwined both institutionally and geographically, including the sharing and leasing arrangements of resources and facilities (such as Forbes Tower, Thomas Detre Hall, the Carrillo Street Steam Plant, Hillman Cancer Center, etc.), buildings primarily owned by UPMC are listed separately because the University and UPMC are technically separate legal entities.
University of Pittsburgh
The major concentration of buildings that comprise Pitt's main campus is centered in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, however a few facilities are scattered elsewhere throughout the city, including the adjacent Shadyside neighborhood. Along with regional campuses in Bradford, Greensburg, Johnstown, and Titusville, Pitt also has a Computer Center in RIDC Park in Blawnox, the Plum Boro Science Center in Plum, the University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center (U-PARC) in Harmarville, Pennsylvania, the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology in Linesville, Pennsylvania, and the Allen L. Cook Spring Creek Preserve archeological research site in Spring Creek, Wyoming.
Table of Pitt-owned buildings in Pittsburgh
Buildings in the sortable table below are initially listed alphabetically.
Table of former Pitt-owned buildings in Pittsburgh
The following table lists buildings that were owned and utilized by the university but have subsequently been either sold or demolished.
UPMC
The flagship of UPMC's hospital network is centered in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh within, and adjacent to, the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Many university departments, institutes and programs are housed within UPMC facilities and vice versa. The administrative headquarters of UPMC are moving into the top floors of the U.S. Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh. In Pennsylvania, UPMC also owns and operates facilities outside Pittsburgh including hospitals in Aspinwall (UPMC St. Margaret), Bedford (UPMC Bedford), Braddock (UPMC Braddock), Cranberry (UPMC Passavant – Cranberry Campus), Greenville (UPMC Horizon: Greenville), McCandless (UPMC Passavant – McCandless campus), (UPMC McKeesport), Seneca (UPMC Northwest), and Farrell (UPMC Horizon: Shenango Valley), as well as operating ISMETT, located in Palermo, Sicily. UPMC also owns and operates a variety of other facilities inside Pennsylvania including cancer centers (also internationally in Ireland and the United Kingdom), retirement and long-term care facilities, and community and medical and surgical facilities.
Table of UPMC-owned buildings in Pittsburgh
The sortable table below has its included buildings initially listed alphabetically.
See also
Oakland - the neighborhood of the main Pitt campus
Schenley Farms Historic District - the historic district in Oakland which the main campus is located. Many other historic buildings in this district are scattered among the Pitt campus and are utilized for various school functions.
Notes
References
External links
Financial Records Services Building List
Allegheny County Assessment Real Estate Search
Emporis Pittsburgh buildings
Images of America: Oakland
Building List
Pittsburgh, University of
University of Pittsburgh buildings
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
University of Pittsburgh |
20471798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulatpur%2C%20Sindh | Daulatpur, Sindh | Daulatpur () is a town, north of Kazi Ahmed and south of Moro, in Nawabshah District of the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is also taluka headquarters. It lies on the main N-5 National Highway and is near the Indus River. The Villages Near The Daulatpur Are Sardar Raza Mohammad Dahri, Kharr, Inayatullah Dahri, Dino Machine, KarimAbad, etc. People Of Daulatpur Mostly Speak Urdu And Sindhi. Shahi Bazaar Is The Main Bazaar In Daulatpur. Moro Is At The Distance Of 19.7 km Far From Daulatpur. Most Of The People Have Their Own Shops Or Business
The History of Daulatpur
Daulatpur Was oldest talka in District NawabShah and This was Oldest Riverport in Provence Sindh. the King of Daulatpur.(Kaloro)(meer)(Daheri)
It was at the forefront of the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD) of 1983.
Transport
The main N-5 highway passes through.
The railway line operated until the 1980s.
References
Populated places in Sindh
Shaheed Benazir Abad District |
20471814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboretum%20d%27Harcourt | Arboretum d'Harcourt | The Arboretum d'Harcourt (11 hectares) is a historic arboretum located on the grounds of the 14th-century Château d'Harcourt in Harcourt, Eure, Normandy, France.
The arboretum is one of the oldest in France, dating to 1802 when Louis-Gervais Delamare acquired the castle and its grounds. He introduced pine cultivation on 200 hectares. After his death in 1827 the arboretum was bequeathed to the Société royale d'agriculture, which in 1833 charged botanist François André Michaux to establish the arboretum. In 1852 North American species were planted, followed from 1855-1860 by those of Europe and Asia. Since 1999 the arboretum has been the property of the Conseil Général du l'Eure, and today contains more than 3,000 woody plants representing about 470 species. The chateau's grounds also contain a forest of native and exotic species, with walking paths.
See also
Harcourt Arboretum, Oxford
List of botanical gardens in France
References
External links
1001 Fleurs entry (French)
Conservatoire des Jardins et Paysages entry (French)
Harcourt, Arboretum d'
Harcourt, Arboretum d'
Taxa named by André Michaux |
23574371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatti | Gatti | Gatti is an Italian name. Notable people with the surname include:
Alessandra Mirka Gatti, Italian Eurobeat singer
Annibale Gatti, Italian 19th-century fresco painter
Armand Gatti (1924–2017), French playwright
Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian professional boxer
Attilio Gatti, Italian explorer of Africa
Bernardino Gatti, Italian painter of the Renaissance
Bruno Gatti (* 1941), Swiss footballer
Carlo Gatti, Swiss entrepreneur in the Victorian era
Carmine Biagio Gatti (born 1988), Italian professional football player
Claudio Gatti, Italian investigative journalist based in New York City
Daniele Gatti, Italian conductor
Darío Javier Franco Gatti (born 1969), Argentine football manager and a former international footballer
Eduardo Gatti (born 1949), Chilean singer-songwriter
Elena Gatti Caporaso (1918–1999), Italian socialist politician and feminist
Emilio Gatti (1922–2016), Italian engineer and professor of nuclear electronics at the Politecnico of Milan
Enrico Gatti (born 1955), Italian violinist, known for playing Baroque music
Enrique Gatti, German musician of the English and German indie rock band Art Brut
Fabio Gatti, Italian footballer
Fabrizio Gatti (born 1966), Italian investigative journalist and author
Fortunato Gatti (early 17th century) was an Italian painter active near Parma and Modena
Franco Gatti (born 1942), the founder of the Italian group Ricchi e Poveri
Gabriele Gatti, Sammarinese politician
Gabriella Gatti (1908–2003), Italian operatic soprano
Gervasio Gatti (c. 1550–c. 1631), Italian late-Renaissance, active in Parma, Piacenza, and Cremona
Giacomo Gatti (died 1817), Italian painter of the late-Baroque, active mainly in his native Mantua
Girolamo Gatti (1682–1726), Italian painter, active mainly in Bologna.
Giulio Gatti-Casazza, Italian opera manager
Guido Carlo Gatti (born 1938), Italian former basketball player
Héctor Gustavo Gatti (born 1972), former Argentine footballer
Hugo Gatti, former Argentine professional football goalkeeper
Isabelle Laure Gatti de Gamond (1839–1905), Belgian educationalist, feminist, and politician
Jennifer Gatti, American television actress
Joe Gatti (born 1967), Canadian former middleweight boxer
John Maria Emilio Gatti, Sir (1872–1929), Anglo-Swiss theatre manager, restaurateur and businessman
Lou Gatti (1915-1977), Australian rules footballer
Lucas Cassius Gatti (born 1978), retired Argentine football midfielder
Luigi Gatti (composer) (1740–1817), Venetian classical composer
Luigi Gatti (businessman) (1875–1912), restaurateur
Luigi Gatti (weightlifter), Italian weightlifter
Luigi Gatti (politician) (1913–1945), Italian politician
Luigi Gatti (nuncio) (born 1946), Vatican diplomat
Marcello Gatti (1924–2013), Italian cinematographer
María Ester Gatti de Islas (1918–2010), Uruguayan teacher and human rights activist
Natalia Gatti (born 1982), Argentine female football forward
Mauro Gatti (born 1937), a retired Italian professional football player and coach
Nando Gatti (1927-date of death unknown), former South African international lawn bowler
Oliviero Gatti (1579–1648), Italian painter and engraver
Pierluigi Gatti (born 1938), Italian athlete
Rafael Savério Gatti (born 1984), Brazilian football goalkeeper
Riccardo Gatti (born 1997), Italian football player
Roberto Gatti (born 1954), retired Italian football defender and later manager
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti (born 1984), Italian environmental and evolutionary biologist
Saturnino Gatti (1463–1518), Italian painter and sculptor
Simon Gatti, Canadian footballer
Stanlee Gatti (born 1955), American event designer
Theobaldo di Gatti (c.1650-1727), Florentine composer and musician
Italian-language surnames |
6902922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winton%20Motor%20Raceway | Winton Motor Raceway | Winton Motor Raceway is a motor racing track in Winton, near Benalla, Victoria, Australia.
History
The Benalla Auto Club began planning for a permanent racing track around 1958, as a replacement for their existing track at Barjarg. In 1960 it was decided to build the track at Winton Recreation Reserve and the track was completed in twelve months. The circuit hosted its first race meeting on 26 November 1961. The circuit was immediately popular - a March 1965 meeting featuring the Neptune touring car and the Victorian Formula Two championship drew a crowd of approximately 10,000 spectators. The circuit length was extended prior to the 1997 round of the V8 Supercar championship and the upgrade included a new pit complex.
The circuit
In its 60th year the circuit at Winton Motor Raceway has a combination of long fast straights and twisty and tight bends. It is also known as "Australia's Action Track". Dick Johnson once described the circuit being "like running a marathon around your clothes-line".
The original circuit (now called the Winton Club Circuit) is in length and comprises 10 turns. The circuit was lengthened to with the cars turning left prior to the esses and a series of right hand turns added before the extension rejoins the original track at the esses. The long circuit is called the Winton National Circuit.
Layouts
V8 Supercars
The track is currently used as a round in the V8 Supercar series, hosting the Winton Super Sprint. The track is one of the more popular tracks in the series with spectators, especially those who live in the area. Easy access to the track and viewing areas make it very popular. It attracts some of the biggest crowds of any of the permanent race tracks in the series.
Although the circuit held various rounds of national championships such as the Australian Drivers' Championship and the Australian Sports Car Championship, Winton was not awarded a round of the Australian Touring Car Championship until the start of the Group A era in Australia in 1985. The first ATCC race was won by then triple-Bathurst 1000 winner Jim Richards in his JPS Team BMW 635 CSi. That race holds its place in ATCC/V8 Supercar history as not only the first all-Group A race in Australia, but the first ATCC win by BMW and the only race in history in which there were no Holdens on the grid.
Richards holds the record for most ATCC round wins at Winton with four, having won in 1985 and 1986 for BMW, while winning in 1990 and 1991 for Nissan.
Australian Drivers' Championship
Winton has played host to 19 rounds of the Australian Drivers' Championship since 1980.
* The 1989 Australian Drivers' Championship was contested over ten rounds at five race meetings at five different tracks. Although the races were held on the same day both Rohan Onslow and John Briggs are credited with separate round wins.**The 2009 round saw two heats. Tim Macrow and Joey Foster each won a heat while also finished second on the other heat giving the pair equal points (35) on the day.
Australian Sports Car Championship
Winton played host to a round of the Australian Sports Car Championship on 7 occasions between 1978 and 1985.
Australian Sports Sedan / GT Championship
1980, 1981, 1997, 1998 and 2003 were run for Sports Sedans. 1982–1985 were run for GT style cars.
Australian Nations Cup Championship
Australian Superbike Championship
Winton Raceway is one of the most prominent Superbike races on the Australian Superbike Championship racing calendar. Winton Raceway has seen riders such as Mick Doohan, Kevin Magee and Mat Mladin ride regularly at the venue.
Formula X-treme Motorcycle Championship
Drift Attack
Winton Raceway is one of Australia's most popular Drift circuits. It hosts Australia largest drift event Drift Attack. Drift Attack is promoted by the Victorian Drift Club and offers the largest Prize Pool in Australian Drifting and is contested by Australia's 32 best Drifters in the Pro class and 32 Drivers in the street class.
Lap records
Club Circuit
As of 12 June 2019.
National Circuit
References
External links
Official raceway website
Map and circuit history at RacingCircuits.info
Motorsport venues in Victoria (Australia)
Supercars Championship circuits
Sports venues in Victoria (Australia) |
17334869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cressie | Cressie | In Canadian folklore, Cressie is the nickname given to an eel-like lake monster said to reside in Crescent Lake, Robert's Arm, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The name is a portmanteau of Crescent Lake and Nessie, the nickname given to the Loch Ness Monster. The monster has been described as resembling a large dark brown eel around 15 feet in length with a long, sleek body and as "looking long and shiny, and having a fish-like head." Claims of Cressie being sighted began in the 1950s, and continue to the present day.
History
Though there are reported sightings of Cressie as early as the 1950s, some have linked the legends to earlier Indigenous legends of the woodum haoot ("pond devil") or haoot tuwedyee ("swimming demon"), however others caution that this attribution has seemingly been copied from source to source without any verification of its connection to Cressie or the area of Newfoundland and Labrador in which Cressie is found.
There have been no photographs of Cressie, and all information relies on local oral history. According to local folklore, an elderly resident of Robert's Arm known as Grandmother Anthony was startled while berry-picking by a giant serpent in the lake. In one of the earliest dated sightings in the 1950s, two woodsmen were on the shores of the lake when they noticed an upturned boat, and fearing for its occupants, they hurried towards it. However, as they approached, the boat turned out to be something large and slick which slipped below the waters of the lake.
A local resident reported a slim, black shape rise five feet from a patch of churning water before sinking out of sight, in early spring 1990.
On July 9, 1991, Fred Parsons and his wife reported seeing a large snakelike creature swimming in Crescent Lake. He described it as a long, sleek body without a significantly large head, which was laying level with the water. In September of that same year, a resident of Robert's Arm was returning to town when he noticed a disturbance on the surface of the lake. As he watched, the object dropped beneath the surface and then rose again. He described it as "a black, fifteen foot long shape pitching forward in a rolling motion much as a whale does but with no sign of a fin." It sank out of sight and did not reappear.
There were several sightings in 1995, and a summer student crew working on the boardwalk along the lake spotted the monster in 2000.
During the summer of 2003, several town residents say they saw the creature swimming after at least a year with no reports, which had led some residents to speculate whether Cressie had died. In these reports, Cressie was said to resemble a snake-like creature with a fish-like head:A passenger in a passing car shrieked at the driver as she looked out towards the lake and watched as the monster surfaced, its skin shiny and slick under the summer sun. Both watched water pour from the monster's gaping mouth. It was about 20 feet in length and swam silently across the top of the lake before diving down into the cool depths once more.There are other reports that divers from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police have allegedly described seeing "giant eels as thick as a man's thigh" in the lake while investigating a drowning death. According to reports, scuba divers conducting an underwater search for the body of a downed pilot in the mid-80s found themselves surrounded by a school of vicious gigantic eels, though they were able to escape, leading some to believe that perhaps these eels were Cressie's babies.
In the winter, large holes often appear in the ice that covers Crescent Lake, leading some to speculate that the holes were created not by something falling into the lake, but by something bursting through the ice.
Explanations
According to skeptics there are several natural occurrences that can explain "Cressie" sightings.Giant eels have been touted as one of the most likely candidates. Several Robert's Arm residents offer as evidence of the eel hypothesis previous sightings of giant eels, and high numbers of eels appearing in eel traps in the lake. In an article from 1993 called Have You Seen Cressie?, author R.A. Bragg suggests that eels do not stop growing during their lifetime, and perhaps this is the cause of Cressie's size.
Others, such as skeptical investigator Joe Nickell speculate that perhaps the dark-colored northern river otter is responsible. He claims the river otter"swims both under water and at the surface where its wake can make it appear much longer, and moves in an undulating (rising and falling) manner...In addition, multiple otters swimming in a line can give the effect of a single giant serpentine creature slithering with an up-and-down movement through water".Still others suggest that Cressie is not a living creature at all, but instead a large log. The bottom of Crescent Lake is reported to be covered in wooden logs from when logging took place in the community. For decades, Crescent Lake was used to transport more than half a million cords of pulpwood that was harvested from the surrounding areas and shipped to paper mills. Some speculate that bubbles of gas from the decomposing wood lifts these logs to the surface of the lake.
Tourism and popular culture
In 1991, the town of Robert's Arm erected a statue of Cressie at the entrance to the community, along with a storyboard which describes the alleged sightings. This statue greets tourists to the area, and is depicted with distinctly dragonlike features including green scales, a row of plates along its back, and fearsome teeth. The statue and signs have been part of a deliberate attempt by the community to promote the monster in hopes of boosting tourism and the local economy:In 1992 Roberts Arm was the principal supply and service centre for communities on several nearby islands. However, the town's major source of employment — cutting pulpwood for local contractors — was in crisis, after having been in decline for some years. It was also hoped that the community would benefit from efforts to promote tourism along the "Beothuk Trail". Perhaps this hope is strengthened by the old, local tradition that a 'monster', named Cressie, inhabits Crescent Lake.
A local gas station is named "Cressie's Gas Bar & Supplies." A 2012 newspaper article promoting local hiking spots used the monster as a potential attraction for hikers:The area is blazing with color in the fall when the birches, aspens and maples are changing colour. If you are lucky maybe you will even catch a glimpse of 'cressie', the lake monster that lurks beneath the waters of Crescent Lake.
Cressie has featured in several of Robert's Arm's Come Home Year celebrations. The 1995 Come Home Year commemorative book includes several poems which refer to Cressie, including this passage by Jim Payne:"I suppose you've heard of Cressie the monster in the lake
If you get too handy she'll give her tail a shake
She'll set you boat a-rocking and you won't believe your eyes
And people will make fun of you and say you're telling lies"In May 2008, local media reported that a production company from Montreal would travel to Robert's Arm to produce a show for the History Channel. On 17 September 2008, History Channel’s Monster Quest broadcast an episode entitled “Lake Monsters of the North,” which focused on the legends of the monster eels in the lake.
In October 2019, a group exhibition entitled “Crafted Beasts” opened at the Craft Council of NL Gallery in St. John's, which examined provincial, indigenous, and Western European folklore, and which "started from the desire to see the transformation of traditional beliefs, customs and stories that have been passed through word of mouth, into a physical object." The show included a sculpture inspired by tales of the lake monster:For “Cressie,” Michael Harlick combined forged metal and found bone to build a spooky sculpture one certainly would not want to encounter in the deep, dark waters.
References
Canadian folklore
Canadian legendary creatures
Water monsters |
17334913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNU | BNU | BNU may refer to:
BNU (software), a communications driver.
Banco Nacional Ultramarino, a Portuguese and Macanese bank
Beaconhouse National University, Lahore
Beijing Normal University, a university in Beijing, China
Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, public library in Strasbourg
Brooklyn Northern United AFC, a New Zealand football team
Buckinghamshire New University, a university in Buckinghamshire, England
Bengaluru North University, a university in Karnataka, India |
17334928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghukasyan | Ghukasyan | Ghukasyan () ) is an Armenian surname, meaning 'son of Ghukas', the Armenian equivalent of Luke. In Russia, Azerbaijan and other countries some holders of this surname changed to Gukasov ().
Known people with the name Ghukasyan:
Arkadi Ghukasyan (born 1957), the second president of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Arshak Ter-Gukasov (1819–1881), the Yerevan Forces commander of Russia's army during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
Siranush Ghukasyan (born 1998), Armenian chess master
Voroshil Gukasyan (1932–1986), the Soviet linguist
Hovhannes Ghukasyan (1822–1882), Polish-Armenian pharmacist and a petroleum industry pioneer. One of his main achievements is inventing the modern kerosene lamps.
Armenian-language surnames
Patronymic surnames |
6902934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambundu | Ambundu | The Ambundu or Mbundu (Mbundu: or , singular: (distinct from the Ovimbundu) are a Bantu people living in Angola's North-West, North of the river Kwanza. The Ambundu speak Kimbundu, and most also speak the official language of the country, Portuguese. They are the second biggest ethnic group in the country and make up 25% of the total population of Angola.
The Ambundu nowadays live in the region stretching to the East from Angola's capital city of Luanda (see map). They are predominant in the Bengo and Malanje provinces and in neighbouring parts of the Cuanza Norte and Cuanza Sul provinces. The head of the main Ambundu kingdom was called a Ngola, which is the origin of the name of the country Angola.
Precolonial history
The Ambundu are one of the Bantu peoples. They had been arriving in the Angola region from the early Middle Ages on, but the biggest part of the immigration took place between the 13th and 16th century C.E.. Kimbundu is a West-Bantu language, and it is thought that, in the Bantu migrations, the Ambundu have arrived coming from the North rather than from the East.
The Bantu peoples brought agriculture with them. They built permanent villages, and traded with the indigenous Pygmies and Khoi-San populations.
The Ambundu society consisted of local communities until the 14th century. Their society has always been matrilineal. Land was inherited matrilineally, and the descent system was matrilineal as well. Boys used to go and live in the villages of their maternal uncles, so as to preserve a matrilinear core to the village. Theoretically, the lineage was projected onto status, instead of individuals, which gave the system some flexibility. The latter feature is not found with neighbouring matrilineal peoples, like the Ovimbundu to the South, or the Bakongo to the North.
The name Mbundu was first used by the Bakongo, before it was adopted by the Ambundu themselves. The first king of Kongo occupied part of the Ambundu territories from 1370, and turned it into his province Mpemba. He made Mbanza Kongo his capital there. Later on the Ambundu kingdom of Matamba became Kongo's vassal. Around 1500 C.E., Kongo also made claims to Ndongo and Kisama, near the Kwanza river.
Kongo, which had been in contact with the Portuguese since 1482, held a monopoly on trade with this country. When a Ndongo's leader, or ngola, tried to break this monopoly, this led to war, in which the Bakongo were defeated in 1556. Ndongo was now independent, and directly confronted Portugal's colonialism. It allied itself with Matamba against the country in 1590, but was defeated in 1614. Now, Ndongo itself became a target for the slave trade, and its population fled in large numbers to neighbouring states.
Nzinga Mbandi was a deceased Ndongo ngola'''s sister. Bypassing the reigning ngola, she negotiated a peace treaty with the Portuguese. The treaty gave substantial trade and religious advantages to Portugal, but delivered Mbandi the throne in Ndongo. After five years, she had to flee from Portuguese troops to Matamba. She became queen of Matamba, a kingdom which was traditionally led by women, and turned it into the most powerful state in the region, and a big exporter of slaves. Matamba, and neighboring Kasanje, had monopolies in the slave trade, and started falling apart in the 19th century when this trade lost in importance. The rise of a new trade in ivory, rubber and wax, which avoided the old monopolies, reduced the power of central authority in the Ambundu states in this century.
The Portuguese had defeated Matamba in 1836, and had advanced to Kasanje by the middle of the century. Their actual influence, however, was quite limited due to the lack of people, money, and an efficient military. The Ambundu had opportunities to revolt or negotiate liberties. This changed at the end of the 19th century. European countries forced, out of economic, strategic, and nationalistic considerations, a tighter control over African territories. To protect their interests, the Portuguese sent a number of military expeditions into the areas, which they considered to be their colonies, and brought them under actual control. The last Ambundu tribe to be defeated were the NDembo. It took the Portuguese three years to subdue a NDembo revolt in 1910. In 1917 all of their territory was occupied, and became part of the Portuguese colony of Angola.
Trivia
The American actor Chris Tucker discovered on the PBS television programme African American Lives that his genealogical DNA indicates he has ancestors from the Ambundu ethnic group. Isaiah Washington, another American actor, has a genealogical DNA link to the Ambundu group through his paternal line.
References
Bibliography
David Birmingham Trade and Conflict in Angola: The Mbundu and Their Neighbours under the Influence of the Portuguese, 1483-1790, Oxford: Clarendon, 1966
Joseph Miller Kings and Kinsmen: Early Mbundu states in Angola, Oxford: Clarendon, 1976
Jan Vansina Kingdoms of Savanna: A History of the Central African States until European Occupation'', Madison, 1966.
Ethnic groups in Angola
Bantu peoples |
20471826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Vie%20Th%C3%A9odore | La Vie Théodore | La Vie Théodore is a 2005 album recorded by French singer Alain Souchon. It was his eleventh studio album and was released on 2 September 2005. It achieved smash success in France where it remained for 66 weeks in the top 200, including two weeks at the top. It was also successful in Belgium (Wallonia) (#1) and hit a moderate success in Switzerland (#3). It provided two singles : "Et si en plus y'a personne" (#19 in France, #12 in Belgium) and "La Vie Théodore" (#68 in France). The album was almost entirely written by the singer himself, while the musics were composed by Laurent Voulzy and Souchon's son, Pierre Souchon, according to the songs. The album's name is a tribute to Théodore Monod.
Track listing
Source : Allmusic.
Releases
Certifications and sales
Charts
References
2005 albums
Alain Souchon albums |
17334931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1muel%20Brassai | Sámuel Brassai | Sámuel Brassai (15 June 1797 – 24 June 1897) was a Hungarian linguist and teacher sometimes called "The Last Transylvanian Polymath." In addition to being a linguist and pedagogue he was also a natural scientist, mathematician, musician, philosopher, essay writer, and a regular member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is perhaps best known for teaching methods.
Notes
References
É. Kiss, Katalin. 2008. A Pioneering Theory Of Information Structure. Acta Linguistica Hungarica, Vol. 55 (1–2), pp. 23–40.
External links
1797 births
1897 deaths
Hungarian centenarians
Men centenarians
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
People from Alba County
Rectors of the Franz Joseph University |
23574374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo%20Gulotta | Guglielmo Gulotta | Guglielmo Gulotta has been a full professor (retired since 2009) at the University of Turin, Department of Psychology. He continues his career in law as a criminal barrister of the Milan Court, and his law activity takes him all around Italy. He is a psychologist and a psychotherapist.
Despite his retirement as an academic, Guglielmo Gulotta continues to give lectures and participate in important national debates regarding psychology as a science of human facts. His major expertise concerns the forensic setting, having been one of the first Italian criminal barristers to have a psychology specialisation. This dual competence (law and psychology) has promoted a novel and enriched approach to studying criminal law and to go beyond the mechanical application of the legal norms to the forensic case.
His scientific career has been witnessed by his work done in various areas of psychology and the law.
Gulotta is the Editor of two scientific series with the Milan Publisher – [Giuffrè]: Juridical and Criminal Psychology Series and Notebooks on Psychology Series.
He has published up to now, as an author and a co-author, 50 books, and more than 300 scientific papers, some of them in different languages.
Gulotta is considered one of the most prominent contemporary authorities in Juridical and Forensic Psychology in Italy.
His fundamental scientific work lies in the complex and controversial task of reducing the gap between the law and psychology, and in creating a bridge between these two areas of human investigation and behaviour.
The scientific influence of Guglielmo Gulotta has spread widely from criminal law through:
attribution theory;
child abuse allegations;
ethics in psychology and in professional practice;
forensic neuroscience;
forensic psychology;
humour in life and in psychotherapy;
interpersonal influence studies;
mobbing;
psychoanalysis and individual responsibility;
psychology of last will and testament;
social psychology as a science of everyday life;
systemic theory and family conflicts;
touristic psychology;
victimology.
Personal life
Guglielmo Gulotta was born in Milan on 11 July 1939. His family can be traced back to Sicily and Naples, and his pride in his roots is warmly expressed by his high spirit and vibrant character, which broadens his personality.
Gulotta lives between Milan and Turin, and travels around all Italy.
Academic life
After his Upper Honour Degree in Law cum laude at the University of Milan in 1964, Gulotta continued his practice in law, and in 1966 he passed the exam to be on the Board of Lawyers of the Milan Tribunal.
His curiosity for human behaviour and interpersonal relationships continued to grow and in 1968 he was awarded a scholarship, which lasted until 1970, to follow a research programme at the Institute of Criminal Law in the University of Milan. Since the beginning of his life as a researcher he has believed that the science of psychology could shed some light on the complexity of mental dimensions and human relationships of the different actors in the court.
He started to study psychology avidly and in 1969 obtained his specialisation in Psychology at the University of Turin, where he subsequently returned as a Full Professor in 1995.
He always remembers a film that he went to watch at the cinema, when it was first released in 1962, which apparently changed his life and his way of thinking for ever: Freud: The Secret Passion, also known as Freud. The film was a drama based on the life of the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
Gulotta started then to see the possible and amazing use of psychology within the legal and criminal law scenarios. His career as a criminal barrister and as an academic started to take off.
He believes that the law and psychology are two overlapping disciplines; they both study human behaviour. The first to control it; the second to explain it.
In 1974 he became a collaborator, in a four-year research contract, with Prof. Pietro Nuvolone at the Institute of Criminal Law, University of Milan. In 1978 he worked at the Institute of Psychology alongside professor Marcello Cesa-Bianchi, director of the Juridical Psychology Section at the Department of Medicine (University of Milan). From 1982 to 1984 he was the President of AGAM (Association of Young Lawyers in Milan).
In 1982 he obtained a researcher post at the Institute of Criminal Law, University of Milan, where is stayed until 1986, the year in which his interest and specialisation in psychology took him to Sardinia. At the University of Cagliari he was appointed as a full Professor in Social Psychology.
He enjoyed his academic life in Cagliari and his interest in joining law and psychology even closer developed greatly. In 1995 he was granted a post as a Full Professor in Juridical Psychology, at the University of Turin.
The cathedra of Juridical Psychology granted to him was the first in Italy. His high commitment and work in the field was starting to pay off, not only within his practice as a barrister, but also as an academic. In 2000 he directed a group of research about serial homicides and murder without a probable cause.
He retired as university professor in 2009.
Among his many students should be mentioned professor Cristina Cabras, doctor Roberta Bruzzone, doctor Alessandra Bramante, doctor Angelo Zappalà and doctor Fabrizio Russo.
Scientific and professional life
The most crucial insight within his scientific legacy is that human behaviour can be assessed and judged, as it happens every day in the Court, only by contextualising human actions and choices within the psychosocial reality of the defendant, the witnesses, the public prosecutor, the jury, and the Judge, and by recognising the psychological influences upon them.
This was a remarkable insight by a person who was first trained in law and who first practiced in a field in which psychology was seen as something akin to astrology, and remote from the certainty and clear cut attitude required in Court.
In one of his edited books Treatise of Juridical Psychology [Trattato di Psicologia giudiziaria], 1987, inspired by the novels and plays of Luigi Pirandello and in line with the work of Erving Goffman, he described the Court as a theatre. He identified the different figures operating there, both on the stage and in the backstage, with actors reciting their own roles within their specific status.
In this forensic theatre, the drama of life is unfolded daily, and every day the case presented to the Judge exists only by virtue of how the evidence was gathered and collated; how the public accuser perceives and understands the dynamics of personal and social responsibilities involved; how the lawyer or the barrister introduces and argues the defense; how the defendant furnishes information about their behaviour and their possible involvement, or not, in the case; how the alleged victim reports the experience; how the witnesses contribute to the understanding of the case; how the experts provide clarity.
Many of these dimensions imply that what we deal with in the Court is not actually anymore the factual historical reality of events, but has something to do with the [procedural reality], which is how events are reconstructed via a process affected by personal memory, perception, and understanding of what was and is going on.
Inspired by the work of scientists such as Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, and of the Scottish psychiatrist R. D. Laing, Gulotta believes that reality is a social construction, and that human beings are directly responsible for this natural fabrication of life and interpersonal relationships. Gulotta has also devoted some attention to victimology, paying a specific tribute to family violence.
Guglielmo Gulotta calls his interdisciplinary approach the psychology of everyday life in which he thinks it is essential to include forensic psychology as well. 'How' and 'why' people respect the law, as well as 'how' and 'why' people break the law, can depend on the extent to which individuals are supported by or alienated from their own individual and social conditions, and also on the opportunities that society gives them to develop (or not) who they are and can be. His prolific publication track record is an example of how he can move easily from one subject to another. For those interested in the list of his publications, the website of the Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation lists them in detail: see link publications
Protocols and guidelines
Guglielmo Gulotta is actively involved in applying theory to practice and in the course of his long professional career he has been the creator and the promoter of many published protocols and documents.
The Noto Charter [Carta di Noto], created and developed with Luisella DeCataldo and other professionals in 1996, was then revised on July 7 2002, on June 12 2011 and again on October 14 2017, in its fourth edition. It is a document which contains guidelines for the examination of a minor in cases of sexual abuse.
The Venice Protocol [Protocollo di Venezia] was crafted and produced on September 21–23 2007, with a group of professionals from different scientific disciplines such as law, psychology, criminology, child neuropsychology, and psychiatry. The document intends to be a guideline and a methodological tool to assist professionals in those cases in which a forensic diagnosis of an alleged sexual collective abuse of a minor is required.
Both documents have been shaped: with faithful reference to the jurisprudence and legislative developments in law; with wide recognition of the specialised international literature; with humble respect of the evidence-based findings offered by the progress of scientific research in this area.
The Forensic Psychology Guidelines have been published as a book entitled Innocenza e colpevolezza sul banco degli imputati (Innocence and guilt in the dock) in 2018, with the famous Italian Publisher Giuffrè. This work is the highest expression of the combination of forensic activity and psychology in its various expressions, such as cognitive, social, neuroscience, communication and interpersonal relationships. It is a commentary on the Guidelines drawn up by a group of scholars, academics and professionals in the legal and psychosocial sciences who have drafted them with the intention of limiting the numerous judicial errors - both in the sense of the acquittal of a guilty person and the conviction of an innocent person - that afflict the criminal justice system and, as a consequence, our society. The book provides a description of the entire criminal process, from the investigation to the trial, and all criminal matters are examined to counter the errors, to reduce preconceptions and biases that can pollute the forensic action, with the aim of achieving an informed and critical cognitive vigilance.
Guglielmo Gulotta is, along other colleagues, the developer of the Patavino Memorandum, which is concerned with the application of neuroscience to legal capacities. This memorandum is a compendium about the most recent neuroscientific techniques used in the forensic field in Italy; it is, therefore an indispensable tool for professionals: forensic experts, technical consultants, magistrates, judges, and lawyers.
The commission of a crime is a human phenomenon which is profoundly complex and affected by many factors and variables, not always controllable. It must be understood and defined according to the interactionist language. The concepts of "mind", "consciousness" and "awareness" are parts of a much larger context of the interaction between cognitive functioning, individual psychological and psychophysiological responses, social, environmental and cultural influences. It is in the light of this perspective that the Memorandum speaks of individual responsibility as a derivative of the so-called "social brain", whose structure and function are represented by human interaction. The Patavino Memorandum was inspired by the Brain Waves Module 4: Neuroscience and the law (2011), and suggests that, in the current state of the art, neuroscience is not able to be the keystone of judicial diagnoses on its own. Neuroscience constitutes rather a contribution which, however authoritative and fascinating, is likely to continuously require interaction with and contribution from other sciences, in particular, empirical-social sciences.
Family violence
International studies have underlined a preoccupying rise in family dysfunction, abuse and violence, and yet these domestic troubles remain, in most cases, secrets or, at best, unknown to the extent that the shifting manifestation of deviance stays underestimated.
At the Septieme Congress Des nations Unies Pour la Prevention du Crime et le Traitment des Delinquants, in 1985, Gulotta, in his personal communication entitled "Victims within the family" offered the following discerning words on family victimology:
"The fact that the family has the delicate function of first adapting the individual to society and also serv[ing] as a refuge from the stresses of social life outside its confines, means that victimization within the family represents a phenomenon of special gravity, calling for particular intervention […] (Gulotta, 1985, p. 13)”.
Family victimology has been the stepping stone for his work on child abuse.
No doubt children have been often and for lengthy periods, silent victims of maltreatment, neglect, physical, psychological and sexual violence.
The family setting is at times the most privileged environment for this type of crime to take place. It makes it easier to get access to children, to groom them and viciously entangle him/her in a promiscuous relationship. Family settings, once they permit the abuse dynamic to take place, can easily sustain it because of the claim to family privacy that allows the clearance of all external interferences.
Family is supposed to provide a child with a climate of protection, love and care.
Who can then be allowed to unveil the truth behind this paradisiacal scenario?
Real experiences and scientific evidence are extensively gathering data to reveal, unfortunately, that family members, and not least parents, can, at times, be responsible for such heinous acts.
In all this drama, which clusters together political, scientific, and professional forces, there exists another form of silent victimology, the one that focuses on false positives, that is the cases in which children of any age, and even adults, become convinced or are made to believe that they have experienced some form of sexual abuse either at present or in their past.
The reality of false positives was born within the realm of public hysteria in which the urgency to protect children has been made so extreme that everything, every gesture or word that an adult performs, is considered abuse unless otherwise proved. In all this paraphernalia, Gulotta is convinced that the result of all this is that more victims are made and more suffering emerges.
Gulotta considers that for a child to believe and to grow up with the credence that he/she has been abused by either their mother or father, or by one of their relatives, or by their school teacher or neighbour, when in fact it has not actually occurred, can perhaps be as emotionally damaging and traumatic as a real endured abuse.
Cross examinations studies
In 2018 Guglielmo Gulotta published the new edition of his book (edited in 2012) on the cross-examination, what he calls a "scientific art". This volume identifies two hundred rules for cross-examination. The origin of these rules derives from the Code of Criminal Procedure, from the professional experience of Guglielmo Gulotta and other professionals in court, from an extensive Italian and Anglo-American literature on the subject of cross-examination, and from practices and customs that make up what could be defined as "procedural etiquette". On the one hand, Guglielmo Gulotta defines this activity as a scientific art because it involves a certain talent composed of critical sense, flexibility, and creativity. On the other hand, this definition suggests that the compass of implied behaviours is of a scientific nature. There is a dual reference to the science of law and to psycho-social sciences that study human conduct, and in particular psychology and psycho-socio-linguistics. The volume is organized by charts associated with the 200 rules, and that helps to explain, justify, encourage and criticize behaviours that are suggested or discouraged within the forensic setting and in the court.
Other areas of scientific interest
Guglielmo Gulotta has been using "everyday life" as a laboratory to explore empirically many of the concepts of social psychology and of the psychology of communication. His versatile mind has allowed Guglielmo Gulotta to develop in Italy the psychology of tourism. Because of his achievement he is now the President of ARIPT - Associazione Ricerche Interdisciplinari Psicologia del Turismo – (The Association of the Interdisciplinary Research of the Psychology of Tourism).
How to communicate is particularly important in the academic and legal career of any professional. Gugliemo Gulotta has made his interest for communication a topic of his research attention. This scientific interest has led to different scientific publications. One of the most important ones is Sapersi esprimere, published with another colleague, and by the publisher Giuffrè in 2009. This works is related to the know-how of how to express oneself, combined with the analysis of two dimensions of communication and human behaviour: lying and falsehood, and sincerity and honesty. An assumption addressed in the book is that if communication between humans could be carried out telepathically, there might be less interference, than what happens with expressing ourselves in words and gestures, and with all our behaviour. Guglielmo Gulotta and Luisella De Cataldo (the co-author) have taken on the task of addressing the complex topic of communication using the results of the most up-to-date psychological research available. The conclusions are encouraging: communication competence, both in the private and professional context, can be learned and improved.
Psychotherapy and hypnosis are two other areas of interests for Guglielmo Gulotta, which highlights his versatile professional and vibrant personality, which conveys curiosity, creativity and an interest to integrate ideas and areas of knowledge.
Recent achievements
Justice, and this is the great value, which has inspired the professional and scientific work of Gulotta, can be achieved only when a scientific-evidence methodology is appropriately used to explore, address and resolve the complexity of sex abuse allegations.
Within his long track record of studies done in forensic psychology, with the aim of addressing the matter of false negative allegations of child abuse, two important documents should be remembered and be associated with his name: the above mentioned Noto Charter and Venice Protocol.
One of Gulotta's books, Juridical psychology and psychological law is a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of how these two main domains (law and psychology) are intertwined in the real world. The book collects some of the work Gulotta has shared with his collaborators. It moves from a similar point of view Gulotta's Compendium of legal-forensic, criminal and investigative psychology, recently published in a new edition with multimedia content.
He has been involved in hundreds of conferences and symposiums, in numerous radio and TV programmes and his competence has been widely appreciated.
A recent achievement of Gulotta is the creation of a Foundation under his name, Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation (see link). The aims are the promotion, realisation, and dissemination of studies, scientific research, and professional training in forensic and social psychology, and strategic communication. The scope is to help experienced professionals to update and enrich their competence, or to develop in new generation of professionals, those skills – the social and forensic psychology know how – which have become so indispensable and fundamental within the social and forensic fields where they are called upon to perform.
The rationale of the Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation is to make a contribution to the development of professionals who show fairness in the words they proffer, justice in their decisions, honesty in their actions, and sensitivity in their handling of cases.
The gratitude of all his students and colleagues goes out to him not just for what he has been able to teach, but for making them appreciate that what is also important in science is to have the courage to make one's own choice, and to address it with a sense of personal and professional responsibility.
A recent book (Il nuovo codice deontologico degli psicologi. Commentato articolo per articolo con decisioni ordinistiche e giurisprudenza ordinaria) which was published in 2018 with two other colleagues (Eugenio Calvi and Elena Leardini) is a new edition of the commentary on the Code of Ethics for Psychologists, in which each article of the Code of Ethics is analysed with ordinary decisions and case law, and contextualised with how they are applied to the professional practice of psychologists.
Major works
Gulotta G. (1976). Commedie e drammi nel matrimonio [Comedy and drama in marriage]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1984). Famiglia e violenza [Family and violence]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1985). Victims within the family. Septieme Congress Des nations Unies Pour la Prevention du Crime et le Traitment des Delinquants.
Gulotta G. (1987). Trattato di Psicologia giudiziaria [Treatise of Juridical Psychology]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1995). La psicologia della vita quotidiana [The psychology of everyday life]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (1997). L'intelligenza sociale [Social Intelligence]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2002) (Ed.). Elementi di psicologia giuridica e di diritto psicologico [Juridical psychology and psychological law]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2008) (Ed.). La vita quotidiana come laboratorio di psicologia sociale [The daily life as a laboratory of social psychology]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Bianchi A., Gulotta G., & Sartori G. (2009), Manuale di neuroscienze forensi [Manual of Forensic Neuroscience], Milano: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. e Cutica I. (2009), Guida alla perizia in tema di abuso sessuale e alla sua critica [A guide for the evaluation of sexual abuse and its critic], Milano: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G., & Tuosto E.M. (2017), Il volto nell'investigazione e nel processo. Nuova fisiognomica forense [New Forensic physiognomic], Milano: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2018). Le 200 regole della cross-examination. Un’arte scientifica [The 200 rules of cross-examination]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2018). Innocenza e colpevolezza sul banco degli imputati [Innocence and guilt in the dock]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G., Calvi E., & Leardini E. (2018). Il nuovo codice deontologico degli psicologi. Commentato articolo per articolo con decisioni ordinistiche e giurisprudenza ordinaria [The new Code of Ethics for psychologists. Commented article by article with ordinary decisions and case law]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Gulotta G. (2020). Compendio di psicologia giuridico-forense, criminale e investigativa [Compendium of legal-forensic, criminal and investigative psychology. Update in 2020 with multimedia references]. Milan: Giuffrè.
Notes
References
Brown J. & E. Campbell (in press) (Eds.). Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
De Cataldo L. (1997). Abuso sessuale di minore e processo penale: ruoli e responsabilità. Padua: Cedam.
De Cataldo L. (1988). Psicologia della testimonianza e prova testimoniale. Milan: Giuffrè.
De Leo G. (1995). Oggetto, competenze e funzioni della psicologia giuridica. In A. Quadrio & G. De Leo (Eds.). Manuale di psicologia giuridica (pp. 17–30). Milano: Led.
Quadrio A. & De Leo G. (1995) (Eds.). Manuale di psicologia giuridica. Milan: Led.
Di Blasio P. (1995). Interazioni tra psicologia e giustizia nelle problematiche del maltrattamento ai minori. In A. Quadrio & G. De Leo (Eds.). Manuale di psicologia giuridica (pp. 425–441). Milano: Led.
Fornari U. (2004, 3rd ed.). Trattato di psichiatria forense. Turin: UTET.
Mazzoni G. (2003). Si può credere a un testimone?. Bologna: Il Mulino Contemporanea.
Ost J., Foster S., Costall A., & Bull R. (2005). False reports of childhood events in appropriate interviews. Memory, 13, 700–710.
Partlett D.F. & Nurcombe B. (1998). Recovered memories of child sexual abuse and liability: Society, science, and the law in a comparative setting. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4(4), 1253–1306.
Poole D.A. & Lindsay S.D. (2002). Reducing child witnesses' false reports of misinformation from parents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81, 117–140.
People in health professions from Turin
1939 births
Living people
University of Turin faculty
University of Cagliari faculty
Italian lawyers
Jurists from Turin |
6902939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chub%20Sullivan | Chub Sullivan | John Frank "Chub" Sullivan (January 12, 1856 – September 12, 1881) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who played for three seasons: two with the Cincinnati Reds (1877–1878) and one with the Worcester Worcesters (1880). He was nicknamed "Chub", but was 6 feet tall and weighed a mere 164 pounds. During his career, he was a popular player, sometimes known as a clown for his antics, and an early pioneer of the slide.
Career
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan, as a 21-year-old rookie in 1877, was the tenth-youngest player to appear in a National League game during that season, replacing Charlie Gould at first base. Joining the team late in the season, he played in only eight games, and batted .250. He stayed on with the Reds for the 1878 season, leading the league in games played, assists by a first baseman, and fielding percentage (.975). A tough hitter to strike out, Chub also finished seventh in at bat to strikeout ratio (27.1 to 1).
Sullivan joined the Worcester minor league club for the 1879 season, and the team did very well in a championship tournament following the season, and decided to apply as a replacement team in the National League, when the Syracuse Stars folded following the 1879 season. The team was accepted, and joined the League for the 1880 season. Sullivan played in 43 games, the last season of his career, batted .259, and is credited with zero RBIs. Sullivan's career totals include 112 games played, 114 hits, 55 runs scored, 24 RBIs, and a batting average of .258.
Post-career
Sullivan became ill before the next season began, and eventually died on September 12 in his hometown of Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 25 of consumption, later known as tuberculosis. His Worcester teammates wore a black crêpe on their jersey sleeves in his memory, for the 1881 season.
References
External links
1856 births
1881 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Cincinnati Reds (1876–1879) players
Worcester Ruby Legs players
Waterbury (minor league baseball) players
Baseball players from Boston
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Massachusetts |
23574380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step-Soci | Step-Soci | Step-Soci is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Budăi and Step-Soci.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
17334941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon%20Patton | Brandon Patton | Brandon Patton is an American game designer and musician.
Games
Game Design
Super PACS: The Game of Politics About the Game of Politics (2016, TableTip Games)
Healing Blade: Defenders of Soma (2016, Nerdcore Medical)
Occam's Razor: The Diagnostician's Dilemma (2013, Nerdcore Medical)
Music
Awards
Winner of the Vox Populi for Best Story Song of 2009 (for "Mixed-Up Modern Family") by the 9th Annual Independent Music Awards,
2009 Finalist in the USA Songwriting Competition in the Rock / Alternative category.
Featured on NPR's song of the day Oct. 8, 2009.
"Top Music Artist" at the 2005 Temecula Film and Music Festival.
The album Should Confusion was a finalist for "Album of the Year" in the 2004 Independent Music Awards.
Finalist in the 2004 Newport Folk Festival New Talent Showcase.
Solo albums
How I Allegedly Bit a Man in Gloucestershire (2011)
Underhill Downs (2009)
Should Confusion (2004)
Nocturnal (1997)
Other albums
Jukebox Stories, The Official Bootleg (2008)
three against four, Hey Sparkle Eyes (2002)
three against four, Some of Us Are Here (1998)
Compilations featuring Patton
Nerdcore Rising: Music From the Motion Picture (2008)
Indie Pop Cares A lot (2005)
Temecula Valley International Film & Music Festival 2005 Compilation (2005)
The WSVNRadio Hall of Fame, Vol. 14 (2004)
Oasis Acoustic Vol. 47 (2004) note: due to a printing error, he is listed only as Brandon
Music festival appearances
SXSW Music Festival (2012)
Truck America (2010)
Heart of Texas Quadruple Bypass Music Festival (2008)
Newport Folk Festival New Talent Showcase (2005)
Temecula Film and Music Festival (2005)
NXNE Toronto (2005)
Musical groups
MC Frontalot (2006–present)
Futureboy
Jonathan Coulton
The Famous
MC Lars
Steve Songs
Solea
three against four (1997-2000)
Theater and film
Theater
Jukebox Stories 3: The Secrets of Forking (2013, performer)
Jukebox Stories 2: The Case of the Creamy Foam (2008, performer)
Love Sucks! A Punk Rock Musical (2007, composer)
Jukebox Stories (2006,2007, performer)
The AtrainPlays (2005–2007, composer)
Young Zombies in Love (2004, bassist)
Film
Remedy (2013) background music
The Muslims Are Coming (2012) background music
Nerdcore Rising (2008) as himself
References
External links
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
American multi-instrumentalists
Living people
Wesleyan University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
6902960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin%20Bingjie | Jin Bingjie | Jin Bingjie (金 冰洁 - Jīn Bīngjié; born 1 April 1971 in Liaoning) is a retired Chinese race walker.
She won the bronze medal in the 5000 m walk at the 1986 World Junior Championships in Athletics then took third a year later in the 10 km race at the 1987 IAAF World Race Walking Cup. She came seventh in the latter event at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics and was the silver medallist in at the 1990 Asian Games.
In 1990 she set an Asian record and world junior record of 20:37.7 minutes for the 5000 km track walk. This stood as the best Asian mark over twenty years, finally being beaten by Liu Hong.
Achievements
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Chinese female racewalkers
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes from Liaoning
Athletes (track and field) at the 1990 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games |
23574402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Tomb | White Tomb | White Tomb is the debut album by Irish ambient black metal band Altar of Plagues. It was recorded at Data Studios, Kerry.
Track listing
Personnel
Altar of Plagues
James Kelly – vocals, guitars, keyboards
Jeremiah Spillane – guitars
Dave Condon – bass, vocals
S. MacAnri – drums
Guest musicians
Stephen Lordan - guest vocals on "Gentian Truth"
Nathan Misterek - guest vocals on "Earth: As a Furnace" and "Gentian Truth"
Production and recording
Ross O'Donovan - recording and mixing
Jason Carroll - assistant engineering
Colin Marston - mastering
References
2009 albums
Altar of Plagues albums
Profound Lore Records albums |
17334966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-dependent%20neutral%20amino%20acid%20transporter%20B%280%29AT1 | Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 | Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A19 gene.
Function
SLC6A19 is a system B(0) transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane in the kidney and intestine.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the SLC6A19 gene cause Hartnup disease.
References
Further reading
Solute carrier family |
23574413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusume%20Rumal | Kusume Rumal | Kusume Rumal (, translation: Silk Handkerchief) is a 1985 Nepali romantic film directed by Tulsi Ghimire. It was produced by Sumitra Paudel under the banner of Sayapatri Films. The film featured Bhuwan K.C, Tripti Nadakar, Udit Narayan and Neer Shah in lead roles. The film is a triangular love story about Amar (Udit Narayan) and Suniti (Tripti Nadakar) who are collegemates and lovers. When she returns to her hometown, she spends some time with Arjun (Bhuwan K.C.) who works at her house. Without her knowledge she falls for him. The rest of the story is about the conclusion of this love story when another classmate of Suniti's college forcibly tries to marry her. This was the first film in which singer Udit Narayan acted. It is one of the most loved film in Nepal and was the first Nepali film to celebrate silver jubilee.
Released in 1985, the film received critical acclaim for its story, portrayal of class discrimination. performance of the cast especially Bhuwan K.C. and chartbuster music. The movie was a big commercial success and went on to become the highest grossing Nepali film of all time, a record it held for 16 years until it was broken by another Tulsi Ghimire film Darpan Chaya. The film songs with music by Ranjit Gazmer were all huge hits and are remembered till today. The film's music album is considered one of the best music albums ever made. In 2009, the son of the producer of this Kusume Rumal directed Kusume Rumal 2, which was the story of the second generation of the original cast. Both Tripti Nadakar and Neer Shah acted in minor roles as an ode to the original film.
Storyline
A girl falls in love with her classmate. While everything seems right, a worker starts dreaming of marrying her and another classmate tries the same by force.
Box office
Kusume Rumal was a huge box office success becoming the highest-grossing movie of the time until another Tulsi Ghimire film Darpan Chaya broke its record in 2001. The movie was the first Nepali movie to spend 25 weeks in the box office top ten list and the first actual blockbuster.
Cast
Udit Narayan as Amar
Tripti Nadakar as Suniti
Bhuwan K.C. as Arjun
Neer Shah
Biswa Hingmang as Jetay
Soundtrack
References
External links
1985 films
Nepalese films
Nepali-language films
1985 romantic drama films
Films shot in Kathmandu
Films directed by Tulsi Ghimire |
6902962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlage | Schlage | Schlage (pronounced ) is an American lock manufacturer founded in 1920 by Walter Schlage. Schlage was headquartered in San Francisco from its inception until it relocated to Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1997. Schlage also produces high-security key and cylinder lines Primus, Everest, and Everest Primus XP. Schlage is one of the most popular brands of consumer and commercial locks in the United States.
History
The Schlage Manufacturing Company was founded by inventor Walter Schlage (d. 1946) in 1920 with the help of three businessmen who each contributed $10 to become equal partners. Walter Schlage had already secured several patents dating back to 1909, when he patented a doorknob that would also complete an electrical circuit so that, for instance, the lights would turn on when the door was opened. However, Schlage's key invention was the bored cylindrical lock, which evolved through several iterations, including a 1917 filing for a mortise mechanism which locked when the knob was tilted; two filings in 1920 (in April for a lock requiring one hole and a surface rabbet rather than a complex mortise pocket and October for a mortise with the lock mechanism activated by a button coaxial to the knob). This series would ultimately culminate in , filed in 1923, which was sold commercially as the Schlage "A" series lock. Schlage would later make a 1925 filing for a push button cylindrical lock fusing the two 1920 patents with the 1923 patent.
Schlage's first shop was at 229 Minna Street, and he moved to 461 Bush Street, where many of his key patents were developed. The first factory (in 1923) was at 49 Shotwell Street. Because the bored cylindrical lock had a decided ease of installation advantage over the contemporary mortise lock, demand for the Schlage-designed lock rose and the company would purchase land in Visitacion Valley in 1925, which would eventually become the company's Bayshore factory and administration complex. Eight buildings were eventually erected at the Bayshore complex, the first two of which (the Old Office and Plant 1) were dedicated in a ceremony on June 25, 1926 attended by dignitaries including Mayor James "Sunny Jim" Rolph.
Charles Kendrick took over as Chief Executive after making a sizable investment in the company, and served as Chief through his retirement in 1969. During World War II, Schlage Lock manufactured shell casings and bomb rail fuses. After the war, the company supplied lock hardware to the Pan Am Building (1964) and the Bank of America Headquarters (1969) skyscrapers. The company was also busy post-war acquiring smaller hardware manufacturers, including the California Lock Company, Peabody Company, LCN Closers, the Von Duprin Factory, and the General Lock Company (Pontiac, Michigan). In 1974, the year the company was acquired by Ingersoll Rand, Schlage employed 1,600 and was the largest manufacturer in San Francisco. Schlage had just completed a move from the Old Office building to a three-story New Office located nearby, at the corner of Bayshore and Leland. Schlage remained an Ingersoll Rand subsidiary for nearly 40 years, until Schlage and other security hardware companies were spun off as part of Allegion, formed in December 2013.
After 73 years of operation, the Schlage Lock Co. Bayshore factory was closed in 1999. To settle an environmental lawsuit, the Bayshore factory site was transferred to Universal Paragon Corporation (UPC) from Ingersoll Rand in 2008. UPC owned an adjacent parcel on which it had intended to develop housing, but the groundwater had been contaminated by the Schlage Lock factory, and UPC filed suit seeking to make Ingersoll Rand responsible for cleanup. In May 2009, demolition began on the Schlage Bayshore site; though the original 1926 Spanish Colonial "Old Office", designed by local architect William Peyton Day will remain, the rest of the site is planned to become affordable, green housing.
Keyway types
Like many lock manufacturers, Schlage uses milled complex keyway shapes to mechanically prevent some non-OEM keys from entering or operating a lock. New keyway designs may be protected for a limited time by patent protection, which expires after a set number of years.
There is no law against duplicating the reverse, numbered or quad-key blanks, which are not patented and are not protected against third-party manufacturing.
As of 2008, Primus keys are no longer protected by patents; therefore, anyone is free to duplicate them. The Everest patents expired in 2014.
Primus/Primus XP
In addition to six cuts for standard locking mechanism, there are five side finger pins to operate the secondary sidebar lock. Primus keys will operate non-Primus locks within the same system. Primus blanks and keyways are slightly thinner to prevent the entry of non-Primus keys; however, even if a standard key is altered to allow entry, it will not operate Primus locks. This design was protected until 2007 under . The current generation Primus, called the Primus XP, is a slight modification to the original design and is protected until 2024 under . Schlage did not invent, nor do they hold the patents on, Primus or Primus XP. The design is licensed to Schlage by Bo Widen of Torshälla, Sweden, the inventor and patent holder.
Everest
This design features a patented under groove in the keyway design, and was legally protected against cloning by utility patents until 2014. Relevant patents are: (December 2, 2016) and . Just like the classic series, Everest Primus keys can operate Everest non-Primus locks, but not the other way around. Everest Primus XP is an extension to Primus Everest and the XP design is protected until 2024 under . Schlage also offers an Everest 29 SL Cylinder, the only seven pin lock they make, along with their Everest 29 Family/Primus (6 pins). Schlage did not invent, nor do they hold the patents on, the Everest keys, which were designed and patented by Bo Widen and licensed to Schlage.
Obverse
There are seven different keyways: C, CE, E, EF, F, FG, and G. There is also a special P keyway designed to accept any of the seven sectional keys and a special L key blank (35-101 L) designed to be accepted into all seven keyways. OEM L section blanks are made of stainless steel.
The older type, the common residential keyway, is known as 35-100C, which is a five-pin, C section.
Reverse (restricted)
This variation was a horizontal mirror image of obverse keyways, no longer offered in new key system, and not available with a Primus option.
Numbered or Paracentric (restricted)
This is a large family of keyways expressed as four numbers. Except for zeros, digits in the keyway designation cannot repeat; i.e. 3578, 1358 and 1200 are valid, but 1244 and 3300 are not. Primus cannot be implemented on this series. The digit 9 is not used. Each digit represents the presence of a notch in the keyway and a corresponding protrusion along the blade of the key. The odd digits 1, 3, 5, and 7 extend along the left side of the keyway as observed from the lock face from bottom to top. The even digits are likewise, on the right side. Generally, keyways are identified by four non-zero digits in ascending order. In a large master key system, keys with fewer than four protrusions can be used to enter more than one keyway. For example, key blank 1460 will fit lock cylinder 1246, 1346, 1467, etc.
Quad (restricted)
Expressed in four characters, such as WSTP, VTQP, etc. This is a very large family, available in Primus.
Key copying
At the 2013 DEF CON conference, MIT students David Lawrence and Eric Van Albert released a piece of code that allows anyone to create a 3D-printable software model of any Primus key. With just a flatbed scanner and their software tool, they were able to produce precise models that they uploaded to the 3D-printing services Shapeways and , who mailed them working copies of the keys in materials ranging from nylon to titanium.
Nexia Home Intelligence
Nexia Home Intelligence is a home automation system that was launched by Schlage and Ingersoll Rand that allows users to remotely control and monitor home automation devices. A wireless network is created within the home and connects the wireless door lock to the internet. Using a smart-phone or a web-enabled computer, users can monitor and send commands to the Schlage Bridge, which communicates with Z-Wave enabled wireless locks, thermostats, lights, cameras, and other components within the home.
There is a monthly fee associated with the Nexia Home Intelligence service.
Nexia Home Intelligence is no longer maintained by Schlage. It remained with Ingersoll Rand during the IR-Allegion spin-off process. Ingersoll Rand solely maintains the Nexia platform.
One of its key features is "depth control" which senses if someone else is using your assigned PIN: it then enhances its security by proceeding to lock out that same PIN number. All Schlage products that were designed for the Nexia platform work with major smart home platforms. All security features such as "depth control" work under certain conditions such as "HomeKit".
References
External links
Schlage Lock Company: Detailed Company History on Answers.com
History of Schlage
Nexia Home Intelligence: Official Site
Lock manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in San Francisco
American companies established in 1920
Manufacturing companies established in 1920
1920 establishments in California |
6902966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%20Johnson | Mat Johnson | Mat Johnson (born August 19, 1970 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American fiction writer who works in both prose and the comics format. In 2007, he was named the first USA James Baldwin Fellow by United States Artists.
Life and career
Johnson was born and raised in the Germantown and Mount Airy communities in Philadelphia.
His mother is African-American and his father is Irish Catholic. He attended Greene Street Friends School, West Chester University, University of Wales, Swansea, and ultimately received his B.A. from Earlham College. In 1993 he was awarded a Thomas J. Watson Fellowship. Johnson received his M.F.A. from Columbia University School of the Arts in 1999.
Johnson has taught at Rutgers University, Columbia University, Bard College, and The Callaloo Journal Writers Retreat. He was a faculty member at the University of Houston Creative Writing Program. He is currently a Professor at the University of Oregon's Creative Writing Program.
Johnson's first novel, Drop (2000), was a coming-of-age novel about a self-hating Philadelphian who thinks he has found his escape when he takes a job at a Brixton-based advertising agency in London, U.K. The work was a Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers selection; Interview magazine named Johnson as a "Writer on the Verge"; and Drop was listed among "Best Novels of the Year" by Progressive Magazine.
In 2003, Johnson published Hunting in Harlem (2003), a satire about gentrification in Harlem and an exploration of belief versus fanaticism. Hunting in Harlem won the Zora Neale Hurston/Richard Wright Legacy Award for Novel of the Year.
Johnson made his first move into the comics form with the publication of the five-issue limited series Hellblazer Special: Papa Midnite (Vertigo 2005), where he took an existing character of the Hellblazer franchise and created an origin story that strove to offer depth and dignity to a character who was arguably a racial stereotype of the noble savage. The work was set in 18th-century Manhattan, and was based on the research that Johnson was conducting for his first historical work, The Great Negro Plot.
The Great Negro Plot is a creative nonfiction that recounts the New York Slave Insurrection of 1741 and the resultant trial and hysteria.
In February 2008, Vertigo Comics published Johnson's graphic novel Incognegro, a noir mystery that deals with the issue of passing and the lynching past of the American South. The work is illustrated by British artist Warren Pleece with cover artwork by Stephen John Phillips.
From 2006–2007, Johnson wrote the blog Niggerati Manor, which discussed African-American literature and culture.
Awards
Johnson was named a 2007 USA James Baldwin Fellow and awarded a $50,000 grant by United States Artists, a public charity that supports and promotes the work of American artists. On September 21, 2011, Johnson was awarded the Dos Passos Prize for Literature for his body of work focused on American themes and the human experience.
Works
Novels
Drop (Bloomsbury USA, 2000)
Hunting in Harlem (Bloomsbury USA, 2003)
Pym (Random/Spiegel & Grau, 2011)
Loving Day (Spiegel & Grau, 2015)
Invisible Things (One World, 2022)
Nonfiction
The Great Negro Plot (Bloomsbury USA, 2007)
Comics
Hellblazer Special: Papa Midnite (Vertigo, 5-issue limited series, 2005; tpb, 2006, )
Incognegro (Vertigo, graphic novel, 2008, hardcover, )
Dark Rain: A New Orleans Story (Vertigo, graphic novel, 2010, 160 pages, )
Right State (Vertigo, graphic novel, 2012, 144 pages, )
Anthologies
Gumbo: Anthology of African American Literature (Harlem Moon, 2002)
Not Guilty: Twelve Black Men Speak Out on Law, Justice, and Life (Amistad Press, 2002)
Mixed: An Anthology of Short Fiction on the Multiracial Experience (W. W. Norton, 2006)
Black Cool: One Thousand Streams of Blackness (Soft Skull Press, February 2012)
References
External links
Literary Criticism of Hunting in Harlem
Profile of Mat Johnson
"'Great Negro Plot' Tells of Manhattan on the Edge", News and Notes, National Public Radio, February 7, 2007. (Links to RealPlayer or Windows Media Audio)
"Rumors of a Slave Revolt", Leonard Lopate Show, WNYC, February 28, 2007. (Links to MP3 audio)
Mat Johnson's United States Artist Page
James Baldwin Foundation Fellows 2007
United States Artists Arts Advocacy Organization.
1970 births
Earlham College alumni
Alumni of Swansea University
Living people
African-American academics
African-American comics creators
American comics creators
African-American novelists
American graphic novelists
20th-century American novelists
American people of Irish descent
Novelists from Texas
Bard College faculty
Watson Fellows
University of Houston faculty
21st-century American novelists
Writers from Philadelphia
American male novelists
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
American Book Award winners
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
Novelists from New York (state)
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American writers
African-American male writers |
6902982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatyana%20Talysheva | Tatyana Talysheva | Tatyana Talysheva () (born 15 October 1937) is a Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the Long Jump.
Talysheva trained at Dynamo in Moscow. She competed for USSR in the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, Mexico in the Long Jump where she won the bronze medal.
External links
Sports Reference
1937 births
Russian female long jumpers
Soviet female long jumpers
Dynamo sports society athletes
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union
Living people
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field) |
6902990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proinsias%20Mac%20Aonghusa | Proinsias Mac Aonghusa | Proinsias Mac Aonghusa (English: Francis McGuinness; 23 June 1933 – 28 September 2003) was an Irish journalist, writer, TV presenter and campaigner.
Mac Aonghusa was a broadcaster for Radio Éireann in 1952, and for RTÉ, UTV and BBC television from the 1960s. In 1962, he won a Jacob's Award for his Irish language broadcasting on RTÉ television.
He ran for election as a candidate of the Irish Labour Party, and became vice-chairman of the party. He encouraged the formation of the Young Labour League and edited and wrote an introduction to Corish Speaks, a collection of speeches by Brendan Corish, who was then leader of the party. He became involved in the republican Wolfe Tone Society in late 1966, and he was expelled from the Labour Party on 12 January 1967 for "activities injurious" to the party. He ran as an independent candidate in 1969, but thereafter became more concerned with the revival of the Irish language and with nationalist politics. His wife, Catherine McGuinness (née Ellis), also left the party at this time, and later became a justice of the Supreme Court of Ireland.
During 1974 and 1975, Mac Aonghusa worked as a United Nations Special Representative to southern Africa with Seán MacBride. He was an admirer of Charles Haughey whom he regularly praised in his column in the Sunday Press written under the pseudonym "Gulliver". He wrote several books, most in the Irish language and was a member of the Arts Council of Ireland for many years. He was chairman of Bord na Gaeilge, and president of Conradh na Gaeilge between 1989 and 1994.
Bibliography
Súil Tharam (An Clóchomhar, 2001)
Oireachtas na Gaeilge 1897-1997 (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1997)
Daithí Ó hUaithne: Cuimhní Cairde (An Clóchomhar 1994)(edited with Tomás de Bhaldraithe)
Ar Son na Gaeilge – Conradh na Gaeilge 1893-1993 (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1993)
Ros Muc agus Cogadh na Saoirse (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1992)
Ón gCrannóg (An Clóchomhar, 1991)
Gaillimh agus Aistí Eile (An Clóchomhar, 1983)
Éamon de Valera – Na Blianta Réabhlóideacha (An Clóchomhar, 1982)
Aeriris (An Clóchomhar, 1976)
What Connolly Said (1995)
The Best of Tone (1976)
The Best of Pearse (1972)
The Best of Connolly (1967) (edited with Liam Ó Réagáin)
Corish Speaks (1967) (a collection of speeches by Brendan Corish, edited and introduced by Proinsias Mac Aonghusa
Proportional Representation in Ireland (1959).
References
1933 births
2003 deaths
20th-century Irish people
21st-century Irish people
Irish language activists
Irish writers
Jacob's Award winners
People from County Galway
RTÉ Radio 1 presenters
RTÉ television presenters
UTV (TV channel)
Irish-language writers |
44498208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years.
Previous season
The Spartans finished the 2014 season 11–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to finish in second place in the East Division behind Ohio State. Michigan State faced Baylor in the 2015 Cotton Bowl, which was part of the new New Year's Six Bowls, where they overcame a 20-point deficit in the fourth quarter to defeat Baylor 42–41.
Offseason
2015 NFL Draft
Four members of the 2014 Spartan football team were selected in the 2015 NFL Draft
In addition, five other Spartans were signed as undrafted free agents:
Michigan State remained one of only five teams to have had a player selected in each draft since the AFL/NFL merger.
Coaching staff
Roster
Schedule
Source
Game summaries
Western Michigan
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The Spartans began the 2015 campaign with a rare road game against MAC foe Western Michigan. The last time MSU and Western played, the Spartans required a couple of defensive touchdowns to put the Broncos away in the home opener of the 2013 season, a year in which they won the Big Ten outright and won the Rose Bowl.
After Montae Nicholson intercepted a Zach Terrell pass in Western territory, giving the Spartans excellent field position, the Spartans scored first on a 24-yard Madre London touchdown run. Western Michigan return man and cornerback Darius Phillips returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown to tie things up. After another Madre London touchdown run, the Spartans took a 13–7 lead after a failed two-point conversion. Michigan State scored another touchdown on their next possession as Connor Cook found Josiah Price on a nine-yard pass to swell the Spartans' lead to 20–7. Both teams scored in the second quarter, with Michigan State taking a 27–10 lead into halftime.
The Spartans put the nail in the coffin on the opening drive of the second half after a 21-yard pass from Connor Cook to DeAnthony Arnett gave MSU a 24-point lead. Western scored two late touchdowns, but a Vayante Copeland interception in the end zone late in the game put an end to the Broncos' comeback attempt.
Michigan State won, 37–24, winning their seventh straight season opener, improving their record against Western Michigan to 12–2 and their overall record against the Michigan directional colleges to 28–5. The Spartans moved to 1–0 on the season.
Oregon
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Following their defeat of Western Michigan in the season opener, the Spartans played host to the Oregon Ducks. This was the first Spartan home game featuring two top-10-ranked teams since the 1966 Notre Dame–Michigan State game. This was also a rematch from the year before, where the game was played at Oregon. In that game, despite having a 27–18 lead late in the third quarter, Michigan State fell to the Ducks, 46–27, thanks to the effort of Ducks QB and eventual Heisman Trophy winner Marcus Mariota. Oregon fell to Ohio State in the National Championship game, making Michigan State's only two losses that season come by the hands of the two teams who played for the national championship.
The Ducks struck first after a 13-play, 75-yard drive that culminated with a two-yard Royce Freeman touchdown run. The Spartans answered immediately, as Josiah Price caught a 12-yard pass from Connor Cook, following a 62-yard run from Madre London, to tie the game at 7 apiece. The offenses cooled off after what was looking like the beginning of a shootout. Both offenses traded punts, with Oregon's punter Ian Wheeler giving Michigan State great field position after a shanked 25-yard punt. However, Michigan State were unable to capitalize off of this blunder as Michael Geiger missed a 28-yard field goal. Despite that, Ducks QB Vernon Adams threw an interception two plays later to Montae Nicholson. Six plays later, Connor Cook found Aaron Burbridge over the middle, with Burbridge breaking several tackles on his way to the end zone for a 17-yard catch and run touchdown. Michigan State held a 14–7 lead early in the second quarter. On the ensuing Duck possession, Oregon drove to the Spartan one-yard line before the Michigan State defense made a goal-line stand on both third and fourth down, causing the Ducks to turn the ball over on downs. Neither team scored the remainder of the half, with Vernon Adams and Connor Cook both throwing interceptions. Michigan State took a 14–7 lead into halftime.
The beginning of the second half did not start well for the Spartans, as Oregon WR Bralon Addison returned a punt 81 yards for a touchdown to tie the game at 14. The Spartans answered with an 11-play, 75-yard drive ending with an LJ Scott six-yard touchdown run, again giving the Spartans the lead, 21–14. Several drives later, Michael Geiger made a 36-yard field goal, increasing the lead to 24–14. Oregon had possession of the ball to start the fourth quarter and drove the ball down the field, with Vernon Adams scoring a touchdown on a two-yard run, pulling the Ducks within three points. Michigan State responded quickly with a touchdown of their own after an LJ Scott 36-yard touchdown run, giving the Spartans a 10-point lead, 31–21. The two teams traded possessions until Oregon scored after a 15-yard pass to Royce Freeman brought the Ducks within three again with 3:25 remaining in the game. The Ducks got the ball back after a quick Michigan State possession. Oregon had two minutes to either tie or take the lead. The drive started off well for Oregon, with Royce Freeman ripping off runs of 11 yards and 4 yards, and getting the ball down to the Spartan 33-yard line. However, Vernon Adams overthrew a wide-open Byron Marshall on the following play, which would have given the Ducks the lead late. The Spartans blitzed on third down, with Chris Frey and Lawrence Thomas sacking Adams for a loss of 10. Adams underthrew his receiver on fourth and long and the Spartans took over on downs and ran out the clock, ensuring a 31–28 victory.
Michigan State's 31–28 win over Oregon gave the Spartans a 13–5–1 record in match-ups between two schools ranked in the top 10 of the Associated Press poll. The Spartans moved to 2–0 on the season.
Air Force
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After the victory over Oregon, the Spartans hosted the Air Force Academy in the schools' first-ever meeting on the gridiron.
The Spartans scored on their first possession of the game after a 15-yard pass from Connor Cook to Josiah Price put MSU up 7–0, ending a 9-play, 59-yard drive. The following possession saw Air Force drive down to the MSU 39 yard line before Falcon tailback DJ Johnson fumbled the ball. RJ Williamson scooped up the fumble and returned it 64 yards for a touchdown, giving Michigan State a 14–0 lead as the rout appeared to be on its way. Air Force would make up for this error on their next possession, after a Benton Washington 1-yard touchdown run pulled Air Force within 7, putting the score at 14–7 Michigan State at the end of the first quarter. Michigan State dominated the second quarter on both sides of the ball. On the opening possession of the quarter, Michigan State went 87 yards in 10 plays, a drive capped off by a spectacular catch by Aaron Burbridge on a 28-yard pass from Cook. Burbridge would catch another pass from Cook for a touchdown in the final 30 seconds of the half, this time from 32 yards to give the Spartans a 28–7 lead at halftime. The Spartan defense played extremely well in the second quarter, only allowing Air Force to gain 19 yards of offense in the entire quarter.
Michigan State scored again on the opening possession of the second half, as Cook would find Aaron Burbridge for a third time on a 21-yard pass and catch in the endzone, giving MSU a commanding 28 point lead. Air Force would cut the lead to 21 on the ensuing drive after a 38-yard pass from Karson Roberts to Jalen Robinette resulted in a touchdown. Despite Michigan State's offense stalling after their opening possession of the half, the Falcons were unable to get back into the game due turnover issues, committing two turnovers in Spartan territory. Air Force would add a DJ Johnson 2-yard touchdown run with 2:11 remaining in the game to cut the lead to 35–21, but at that point it was too late. The Spartans kneeled out the clock for the victory.
Aaron Burbridge had a career day, catching eight passes for 156 yards and three touchdowns. The last Spartan receiver to catch three touchdown passes in a single game was B.J. Cunningham against Wisconsin during the 2011 season. Connor Cook threw four touchdown passes in a game for the second time in his career. He first accomplished this feat during his first start as a sophomore against Youngstown State. He also earned his 26th career victory as starting QB, overtaking Stanford's Kevin Hogan as college football's active wins leader.
The Spartans moved to 3–0 on the season.
Central Michigan
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Following their win over Air Force, Michigan State would host Central Michigan. The two teams last met in 2012, a game which the then 11th ranked Spartans won 41–7.
Central drove to the MSU 28-yard line on the opening drive of the game before attempting a 45-yard field goal attempt which would be blocked by Demetrius Cooper. Michigan State scored on a six play, 72-yard drive capped off by a Madre London six-yard touchdown run. Central followed with a 15-play, 54-yard drive that took 8:27 off the clock, only to have a 43-yard field goal attempt blocked again, this time by Shilique Calhoun. Michael Geiger added a 47-yard field goal to the Michigan State lead in the second quarter. Josiah Price added a 5-yard touchdown reception from Connor Cook to give Michigan State a 17–0 lead. Central scored a touchdown on a one-yard pass from Cooper Rush to Anthony Rice just before halftime to cut the lead to 10. Michigan State led 17–7 at halftime.
Central pulled within seven after a successful 47*yard Brian Eavey field goal on their first possession of the half. Neither team was able to put anything together offensively for the rest of the quarter. Heading into the fourth quarter, Michigan State still led 17–10. Michigan State added two late touchdowns, both by Gerald Holmes on runs of three and six yards (after a Central Michigan fumble in MSU territory) respectively to give Michigan State the 30–10 victory. However, the loss was costly as offensive lineman Jack Conklin left the game with a leg injury. With earlier season-ending injuries to linebacker Ed Davis and cornerback Vayante Copeland, the teams injuries began to mount.
Michigan State improved its record against the Michigan directional colleges to 29–5 with the victory. The Spartans moved to 4–0 on the season.
Purdue
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In their first game of the Big Ten season, MSU hosted Purdue for their fourth straight home game to start the season and as the newly ranked No. 2 team in the country. MSU jumped out to an early 21–0 lead on Purdue in the first 17 minutes of the game and the game appeared to be over. The Spartans were led by two touchdown runs by LJ Scott and looked to be on their way to another rout. Near the end of the first half, Jack Conklin's replacement was forced to leave the game with an apparent knee injury. At halftime, the school celebrated the 50th anniversary of the 1965 national championship team. However, as the second half began, the rain began to fall. MSU's first three possessions of the second half ended with two punts and a turnover as Purdue narrowed the lead to 21–14 early in the third quarter. A 30-yard MSU field preceded another Purdue touchdown to draw the game even closer, 24–21. A punt by MSU led to Purdue having an opportunity to tie or take the lead, but MSU's defense stiffened in time.
The win moved Cook into first place in career wins at Michigan State with 28. The Spartans moved to 5–0 on the season.
Rutgers
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A week after staving off a furious Purdue comeback attempt, the Spartans went on the road for the first time all season to Piscataway, New Jersey to face Rutgers, a program in their second year of Big Ten membership, and a team the Spartans dominated the year prior, 45–3. Prior to the game Rutgers's star wide receiver, Leonte Carroo, was reinstated to the team after serving a two-game suspension.
Neither offense got any sort of momentum going for a majority of the first quarter. Michigan State received great field position after a bad Rutgers punt of 19 yards. The Spartans moved the ball down to the Rutgers 18 yard line, but a Michael Geiger field goal attempt of 35 yards was blocked. After trading possessions, Michigan State finally put a sustained drive together, which included a fourth and 10 conversion after a 25-yard pass from Connor Cook to Aaron Burbridge. The drive concluded on an eight-yard pass from Connor Cook to Macgarrett Kings which resulted in the game's first touchdown with 1:46 remaining in the quarter. Michigan State led 7–0 at the end of one.
Rutgers responded quickly, scoring on a 4 play, 78 yard drive to tie the game at seven after a Chris Laviano pass to Leonte Carroo for five yards. Later after a shanked Jake Hartbarger punt, Rutgers received great field position on their next possession, and only needed two plays to take a 14–7 lead on a Leonte Carroo 39 yard touchdown reception. Michigan State pulled within four point on their next possession after a successful Michael Geiger 30-yard field goal try. The Spartans had the opportunity to take the lead before halftime, driving the ball all the way to the Rutgers eight yard line, but Connor Cook threw an interception in the back of the endzone with a little over a minute left in the half. It was only his second interception of the season. Rutgers led 14–10 at the half.
The Michigan State offense came out on fire in the second half, scoring touchdowns on their first two possessions of the half; the first score coming off of a LJ Scott one yard touchdown run and the second the result of a DeAnthony Arnett 25-yard touchdown reception. Michigan State held a 24–14 lead midway through the third quarter and seemed to have the game in hand. However, Rutgers scored late in the third quarter with 49 seconds remaining on a Chris Laviano 28-yard touchdown pass to Leonte Carroo. Michigan State led 24–21 lead going into the fourth quarter.
After a stalled possession, Jake Hartbarger pinned Rutgers down at their own five yard line. Rutgers went on a time-consuming, 16 play, 91 yard drive that took eight minutes off the clock, with Kyle Federico making a 22-yard field goal attempt to tie the game at 24. Michigan State received the ball with 4:08 remaining in the game. On third and nine, Cook completed a 29-yard pass to R.J. Shelton. LJ Scott had runs of six and two yards respectively on the following plays. On third and two, Aaron Burbridge received the ball on a reverse and ran for 10 yards to the Rutgers 28 yard line. LJ Scott moved the ball to the Rutgers three yard line after a 16-yard run. One play later he would score, giving Michigan State a 31–24 lead with 43 seconds remaining. Rutgers received the ball at their own 35 yard line. On third and 10 Chris Laviano completed a 25-yard pass to Andre Patton, moving the ball into Michigan State territory at the 40-yard line. Several plays later on third down, Malik McDowell sacked Laviano for a loss of 10. Rutgers, having no timeouts left and the clock running, only had time for one play, presumably a Hail Mary pass. On fourth down however, Laviano, unaware of what down it was, took the snap and spiked the ball to stop the clock turning the ball over to Michigan State on downs. Michigan State kneeled out the clock, giving them another close game, with a 31–24 victory.
The Spartans moved to 6–0 on the season.
Michigan
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Following a closer than expected string of wins, the Spartans, ranked No. 7 in the country, faced in-state rival Michigan, ranked No. 12 in the country. The game was played in Ann Arbor, Michigan for the first time since 2012 which also marked the last time MSU lost to Michigan. Coming into this contest, the Spartans had defeated the Wolverines six of the last seven times the two teams have played. Despite Michigan State being ranked higher than Michigan, Michigan was favored by 6 1/2 points, with the program seeing something of a rejuvenation under head coach Jim Harbaugh. Michigan also came into the game touting the No. 2 total defense in the nation, and were riding a three-game shutout streak, with shutout victories over BYU, Maryland, and Northwestern.
The first quarter was a defensive struggle, as both the Spartan and Wolverine defenses stood tall. Michigan State was able to move the ball effectively near the end of the quarter, driving all the way down to the Michigan 28 yard line, but turned the ball over on downs following a failed fourth down conversion attempt. Michigan took a 7–0 lead during the opening minutes of the second quarter on a Sione Houma two-yard touchdown run, capping off an eight play, 72-yard drive. Several drives later during a Spartan possession, Michigan senior linebacker and team captain Joe Bolden was penalized for targeting during a Connor Cook run of six yards. The call was affirmed by replay and Bolden was ejected for the remainder of the game. Two plays later, LJ Scott scored on an 11-yard scamper to tie the game at seven apiece, snapping Michigan's aforementioned three game shutout streak. Michigan took back the lead on the ensuing possession after a Kenny Allen 38-yard field goal gave them a 10–7 lead going into halftime.
Michigan scored on the opening possession of the second half after several goal line attempts from the Michigan State one yard line where the officials could not determine whether Sione Houma broke the plane of the goalline. It took the officials several seconds on the final attempt to blow the play dead and determine that Houma did in fact score, giving Michigan a 17–7 lead. Michigan State scored less than three minutes later after Macgarrett Kings caught a 30-yard pass from Connor Cook to pull the Spartans within three. Michigan added to its lead with a Kenny Allen 21-yard field goal. At the beginning of the fourth quarter, MSU failed to convert on fourth down for the second time after Macgarrett Kings dropped a pass that would have given the Spartans a first down. The Wolverines added another field goal to their lead a few possessions later, expanding the score to 23–14. Michigan State responded immediately on a drive that only took 29 seconds off the clock, as Connor Cook found a wide open Trevon Pendleton, who caught the ball and ran all the way to the Michigan one-yard line. The play was originally called a touchdown, however after review, it was deemed Pendleton was down at the one. LJ Scott ran the ball in for the score a play later, pulling MSU within two points. The pass from Cook to Pendleton was the longest offensive play all year for the Spartans (74 yards), and was Pendleton's first catch all season. The last reception he had was against Purdue for 2 yards the previous season.
Both defenses dominated during the final nine minutes of the game, as both offenses struggled to move the ball. With less than five minutes remaining in the game, Michigan State received the ball at their own 28-yard line. After an offsides penalty was called against Michigan, Cook was sacked by Willie Henry for a loss of 10. Cook found Aaron Burbridge for 25 yards for the first down. Several plays later, after MSU had advanced the ball into Michigan territory, Henry sacked Cook again on first down for a loss of 9 yards. Several plays later, facing a fourth and 19 with less than two minutes left on the clock, Cook was forced to throw an errant pass due to pressure from Michigan's d-line, failing to convert on fourth down for a third time. Michigan received the ball on downs and forced MSU to use their final timeout with 1:42 remaining in the game. On third and three, the Spartan defense stopped Michigan, preventing them from running out the clock with a first down. What followed was perhaps one of the most bizarre and unlikely endings to a football game. Facing a fourth and two, Michigan lined up to punt the ball with 10 seconds left on the game clock. Punter Blake O'Neill earlier had booted an 80-yard punt and had played well all game. However, after receiving a low snap, O'Neill fumbled the ball, and as he tried to recover it in a last ditch effort to punt the ball away, MSU Safety Grayson Miller hit him, forcing his arm to slap the ball into the air where it was caught by redshirt Freshman Jalen Watts-Jackson, who returned the ball to the endzone as time expired to give Michigan State the win, 27–23.
With Michigan State's College Football Playoff hopes remaining intact, the Spartans improved their record to 7–0 for the first time since the 2010 season. For just the fourth time in the past 46 games, the team with the fewest rushing yards came out with a victory. Michigan rushed for 62 yards, while MSU ran for 58 yards. MSU Coach Mark Dantonio not only improved his record against Michigan to 7–2, but also earned his 100th career coaching victory. Michigan State outgained Michigan 386–230, and also had 20 first downs to Michigan's 10. Connor Cook threw for 328 yards and a touchdown, while Aaron Burbridge caught 9 passes for 132 yards, his fifth 100 yard receiving game on the season. Defensively, Shilique Calhoun recorded two sacks and was named Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week. The hero for the Spartans, Jalen Watts-Jackson, injured his hip on the game-winning play and required season ending surgery afterwards. The injury was not deemed career threatening.
Indiana
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The Spartans moved to 8–0 on the season.
Nebraska
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Nebraska handed Michigan State their only loss of the regular season due to a controversial touchdown. Nebraska receiver Brandon Reilly stepped out of bounds, but reestablished himself as a player and caught the touchdown pass. The officials ruled that he was forced out of bounds and gave Nebraska the touchdown. Michigan State tried to get into field goal range to kick a field goal that would win them the game, but failed to do so. At the last second, Connor Cook (surrounded by Nebraska defenders) threw the ball incomplete into the end zone to avoid being sacked and Nebraska upset the Spartans 39–38.
The loss gave MSU its first loss of the season falling to 8–1.
Maryland
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After a controversial loss on the road against Nebraska, Michigan State fell out of the top 10 for the first time all season and were looking to bounce back at home against a Maryland team that so far had gone winless in conference play.
Offensively, the Spartans struggled, as Connor Cook injured his shoulder during the first quarter and Tyler O'Connor had to play in relief. After Malik McDowell forced a Maryland fumble which was recovered by Damon Knox at the MD 48 yard line, O'Connor led the offense to a touchdown his first possession in on a 10-yard pass to Macgarrett Kings, capping off a 10 play, 50 yard drive. Maryland would respond with a touchdown of their own on their next possession, driving 91 yards in 10 plays, tying the game at 7 apiece on a Brandon Ross 1 yard touchdown run. With just over 2 minutes remaining in the half, Riley Bullough intercepted a Perry Hillis pass and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, giving MSU a 14–7 lead. Several possessions later, Maryland would send in backup QB Caleb Rowe after Perry Hillis failed to get much going offensively for the Terrapins; Rowe would be intercepted by Arjen Colquhoun at the Maryland 20 yard line. Two quick Connor Cook pass completions to Aaron Burbridge and Josiah Price got MSU down to the Maryland 17 yard line before Michael Geiger made a 35-yard field goal as time expired, giving Michigan State a 17–7 lead at the half.
Tyler O'Connor would takeover as quarterback in the 2nd half as Connor Cook's injury prevented him from playing. After the defense forced a 3 and out on Maryland's opening drive, Michigan State's offense embarked on an 11 play, 62 yard drive where Gerald Holmes received 9 carries, rushing for 45 yards on the drive, including a 3-yard touchdown run that extended Michigan State's lead to 24–7. The remainder of the game was a defensive struggle, as Maryland would drive into Michigan State territory on three of their last four possessions, but would commit turnovers on all three of those possessions (fumble, turnover on downs, and an interception). Michigan State would run out the clock after Montae Nicholson picked off Caleb Rowe and returned the ball to the MSU 45 yard line.
The two teams combined to commit 8 turnovers, 3 by Michigan State, and 5 by Maryland. The Michigan State defense would force all 5 of those Maryland turnovers (3 interceptions, 2 fumbles), recorded its 2nd defensive touchdown of the season, and had 3 sacks. Michigan State improved to 9–1 (5–1 in conference play) on the season.
Ohio State
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The Spartans would be without senior QB Connor Cook (who was still recovering from the shoulder injury he had suffered the week prior against Maryland) going into their toughest road game of the season at #2 Ohio State, who were riding a 23-game win streak heading into the contest. The Buckeyes handed the Spartans one of their only 2 losses the previous season, and if Michigan State wanted to keep its goal of winning the Big Ten and securing a potential College Football Playoff spot alive, they had to win in Columbus. The weather conditions were cold and wet, which would make throwing the football a difficult task. Although Cook was seen dressed and warming up on the sidelines before the game began, the Spartans ultimately would employ a 2-QB system with both back-up QBs Tyler O'Connor and Damion Terry receiving playing time throughout the game.
Neither team would be able to score in the first quarter, with both defenses stifling the opposing offenses and forcing punts throughout the quarter. Michigan State would have the ball early in the 2nd quarter and would move the ball to near mid-field (MSU 44 yard line) before a sack on Damion Terry by Sam Hubbard would force the ball loose and fellow Ohio State defensive lineman Adolphus Washington would recover the fumble in MSU territory. 10 plays later, Ohio State would score the first points of the game on an Ezekiel Elliott 1 yard run, giving the Buckeyes a touchdown lead early in the 2nd quarter. However, the Spartans would answer on their ensuing offensive possession, driving 75 yards in 9 plays on a drive that featured two big passes from Tyler O'Connor, the first one being a 36-yard completion to Aaron Burbridge on 3rd and 14 that kept the drive alive, and a 12-yard pass to Trevon Pendleton that resulted in a touchdown, tying the game 7–7 midway through the half. After the MSU defense forced a quick 3 and out on the next OSU possession, a poor Cameron Johnston punt that only netted 5 yards would give MSU the ball at the Ohio State 23 yard line. Despite the favorable field position, the Spartan offense could not move the ball at all, and Michael Geiger would miss a 43-yard field goal attempt that would have given Michigan State a 3-point lead. That would end the scoring chances for either team for the remainder of the half, as both offenses would struggle to put a solid drive together. The game was tied 7–7 at the half.
Both offenses would continue to struggle well into the 3rd quarter until a muffed punt by Macgarrett Kings would be recovered by Ohio State at the Michigan State 6 yard line. Ohio State would waste little time taking advantage of the Spartans second turnover, as J. T. Barrett throw a touchdown pass to Jalin Marshall on the first play of the possession to give the Buckeyes a 14–7 lead with just over 3 minutes left to play in the quarter. Needing an answer on offense following a disastrous turnover on special teams, the Spartans began their next possession on their own 25 yard line and would move the ball to the OSU 34 yard line before the 3rd quarter came to the end. After a long, 13 play, 75 yard drive that extended into the 4th quarter, Michigan State would tie the score at 14–14 on a Gerald Holmes 2 yard touchdown run. The game would then turn into a battle of field position, as after an Ohio State drive sputtered out near mid-field, Cameron Johnston would pin the Michigan State offense at their own 4 yard line. The Spartan offense would dig themselves out of the hole on the first play, as LJ Scott would break through the middle for a 20-yard run, moving the ball to the MSU 24 yard line. MSU would move the ball all the way to their own 42 yard line before being forced to punt; Jake Hartbarger would pin Ohio State at their own 7 yard line. The Michigan State defense would force Ohio State to punt out of their own end-zone after the Buckeyes could only muster 4 yards on what would be their final offensive possession. On the punt attempt, Malik McDowell would get a hand on the ball, causing the punt to only net 37 yards and setting up the offense with favorable field position at the Ohio State 48 yard line. Needing only a field goal to win the game, Michigan State would begin their final drive with a little over 4 minutes remaining in the game. Using the run game to run time off the clock to ensure that regardless of the outcome of the drive, Ohio State would have no time left to score, the offense drove all the way to the OSU 23 yard line, using their final timeout with 3 seconds left on the clock to set up a Michael Geiger field goal attempt to win the game. Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer would use a timeout in an attempt to ice the kicker, but it would not have the desired effect as Geiger would convert on a 41-yard field goal attempt as the clock expired, giving Michigan State a 17–14 win.
Despite playing two backups at the QB position, Michigan State would snap Ohio State's 23-game winning streak on Senior day in Columbus; this would be the second time the Spartans would pull off such a feat, as two years prior MSU had snapped an Ohio State 24-game winning streak after beating the Buckeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game. Additionally, this was also the first time under Urban Meyer that Ohio State had lost a regular season conference game. Tyler O'Connor would finish the game completing 7/12 passes for 91 yards and a touchdown, however the running game was the prevailing theme of the day as LJ Scott and Gerald Holmes carried the brunt of the load, combining for 27 carries, 123 yards, and 1 touchdown; as a team they rushed for 203 yards. The Spartan offense also dominated the time of possession, controlling the ball for 38:10. The Michigan State defense held Ohio State to five first downs and 132 yards of total offense (86 rushing, 46 passing). The Buckeyes had six three-and-outs. The 132 yards were the fewest by an Urban Meyer-coached team and the fewest allowed by MSU since Illinois had 128 yards on Oct. 26, 2013. It was also the fewest total yards for a Buckeye team since 1999 (79 vs. Michigan State). Ohio State entered the game ranked first in the Big Ten in scoring offense (36.4 points per game) and rushing offense (244.8 yards per game) and second in total offense (453.3 yards per game). With the win, the Spartans took control of the East Division and only needed to defeat Penn State the following week to secure a 3rd appearance in the Big Ten Championship Game.
Penn State
Sources:
After defeating Ohio State the previous week on a last second Michael Geiger field goal, Michigan State controlled its destiny in the Big Ten East division. All they needed to do was defeat rival Penn State, and they would play Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game. The Spartans defeated the Nittany Lions the year before 34–10 on their way to receiving a bid to the Cotton Bowl.
Penn State's first possession was cut short as a Christian Hackenberg pass was intercepted in the end zone by MSU DB Arjen Colquhoun. Connor Cook and the Spartan offense would take advantage of the turnover, scoring on a 9 play, 80 yard drive which ended with a R.J. Shelton 29 yard touchdown reception, giving Michigan State an early touchdown lead. Michael Geiger would miss the extra point, only the 4th missed extra point attempt of his career. Neither team would score the remainder of the quarter. In the 2nd quarter, Penn State would score a field goal after being stopped at the MSU 1 yard line on 2nd and 3rd down, pulling them within 3. On the next Penn State possession, the Spartan defense would give the offense favorable field position after a Malik McDowell sack of Christian Hackenberg on 3rd and 7 with just over 10 minutes left in the half resulted in a loss of 10 yards, causing Penn State to punt from their own 5 yard line. 6 plays later, Gerald Holmes would score a touchdown on a 6-yard run, giving Michigan State a 13–6 lead with 7 minutes remaining in the half. The next Penn State possession ended in disaster for the Nittany Lions after Kyle Carter fumbled on a 10-yard reception that would have given Penn State a 1st down at the MSU 23 yard line. Instead, Demetrious Cox would scoop up the fumble and return it 77 yards for a touchdown, giving Michigan State a 20–3 lead late in the first half. Penn State would recover with a 10 play, 67 yard touchdown drive, capped off by a Chris Godwin 8 yard touchdown reception, cutting the lead to 20–10 at halftime.
The Michigan State offense would score a touchdown on the opening drive of the second half with a tremendous individual effort from Aaron Burbridge on a 29-yard pass from Connor Cook, where Burbridge was forced out of bounds, re-established position in bounds, made the catch, stayed on his feet, made 2 spin moves, and broke several tackles to get into the end zone, giving Michigan State a 27–10 lead with a little under 12 minutes to play in the third quarter. The Spartans added another touchdown to their lead on their next possession, as they drove the ball 69 yards in 12 plays, with Connor Cook throwing his third touchdown pass of the game to Josiah Price to enlarge the lead to 34–10. Penn State scored a touchdown on their next possession after a Saed Blacknall 77-yard reception (in which Demetrious Cox knocked the ball out of his hands from behind and nearly recovered it) put PSU in the red zone where Christian Hackenberg threw his second touchdown pass of the game to Saquon Barkley. They would go for 2 but fail, putting the score at 34–16. This would be the last time Penn State would score; Michigan State would add 3 more touchdowns, which included a LJ Scott 6 yard touchdown run, a Malik McDowell pick-six returned for 13 yards, and after Penn State fumbled on a kickoff return, a 9-yard touchdown run by Senior center Jack Allen. Michigan State would win in blowout fashion, 55–16, in the process securing the Big Ten East Division.
With the victory, Michigan State won their third division title, (two Legends Division titles, one East Division title) and went on to play Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, tying Wisconsin for most appearances in the championship game at 3. Dating back to 2010, this was Michigan State's third straight win over the Nittany Lions, with the rivalry seeing a three-year hiatus during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 seasons. Connor Cook threw for 3 touchdowns for the 10th time in his career.
The Spartans moved to 11–1 on the season.
Iowa (Big Ten Championship Game)
The Spartans faced Iowa in the Big Ten Championship, marking MSU's third appearance in the five Championship games held. A defensive struggle throughout which including an interception of a C.J. Beathard pass in the end zone by Demetrious Cox, saw only field goals in the first half as Iowa took a 6–3 lead. Defense continued in the second half as MSU added two more field goals to take a 9–6 lead. However, Iowa struck with a big play on the first play of the fourth quarter when Beathard hit Tevaun Smith on an 85-yard pass and catch for a touchdown. The score put Iowa up 13–9. Both teams punted on their next possession and MSU took over at their own 18 yard line with 9:31 left in the game. The Spartans engineered a 22 play, 82 yard, 9:04 drive to score a touchdown on an LJ Scott one yard run with 27 seconds remaining in the game. The dive by Scott gave the Spartans a 16–13 lead. On the drive, the longest drive of the season for the Spartans, MSU ran the ball on 17 of the 22 plays, Scott with 14 of the rushes. MSU's defense stymied Iowa on the final drive of the game and the Spartans won their second Big Ten Championship in the three years.
The Spartans moved to 12–1 on the season. Following the game, MSU was awarded the No. 3 seed in the College Football Playoff to face Alabama.
CFP Playoff: Alabama (College Football Playoff at the Cotton Bowl Classic)
After Oklahoma lost to Clemson 37–17 in the Orange Bowl Semifinal, Michigan State was throttled by Alabama 38–0 in the Cotton Bowl Classic Semifinal. A tight first half saw Alabama take a 10–0 lead into halftime. Near the end of the second quarter, Michigan State had its best drive of the night, but all-time winningest MSU quarterback, Connor Cook, was intercepted by Cyrus Jones. Alabama scored a touchdown on the opening possession of the second half and MSU turned the ball over on its first possession. Alabama could not capitalize on the turnover, but did return MSU's next punt for a touchdown, putting the game out of reach at 24–0 with a little over three minutes remaining in the third quarter. MSU's offense could not muster any points and were held to a total of 249 yards. Cook finished the night with zero touchdowns and two interceptions.
Alabama would go on to defeat Clemson 45–40 for the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship.
Rankings
References
Michigan State
Michigan State Spartans football seasons
Big Ten Conference football champion seasons
Michigan State Spartans football |
6902996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iten | Iten | Iten is a town in Elgeyo-Marakwet County in the Republic of Kenya. Iten serves as the capital and is the largest town in the county. The town is located along the road between Eldoret and Kabarnet at the junction of the road heading to Kapsowar. Elgeyo escarpment and Kerio River are located east of Iten. The town has a population of 42,312.
It forms a common local authority (Iten/Tambach town council) with Tambach, a small town in the vicinity. Iten was the headquarters of the former Elgeyo-Marakwet District since 1966, when it replaced Tambach.
The name of the town is a corruption of Hill Ten, a local rock formation named by Joseph Thomson in 1883. The hill is located 800 meters outside the village, on the road toward Kessup. It can be best viewed from the Iten Viewpoint.
Naming
The name is a local corruption of Hill Ten, a local rock formation that was named by Joseph Thompson in 1883.
He inscribed the words Hill Ten on a rock while exploring the Kerio Valley to mark the number of hills he had conquered.
The hill is located about 800 metres outside the main town, on the road toward Kessup.
Running community
St. Patrick's High School is located in Iten. The school has, over the last 30 years, produced world-class long distance athletes. Alumni include Ibrahim Hussein, winner of three Boston Marathons and one New York City Marathon; Peter Rono, a 1988 Olympic gold medalist at 1,500 meters; Wilson Boit Kipketer, a 1997 world champion and 2000 Olympic silver medalist in the 3,000-meter steeplechase; Matthew Birir, 1992 Olympic gold medalist at the 3,000-meter steeplechase; and David Rudisha, 2012 and 2016 Olympic gold medalist and world record holder at 800m. The coach of these athletes, Brother Colm O'Connell of Ireland, came to Iten in 1976 expecting to stay just three months. He has lived in Iten ever since.
Many athletes, including Rudisha, and world champions Edna Kiplagat, Florence Kiplagat, Lornah Kiplagat, Linet Masai, and Mary Keitany, have made homes in Iten. O'Connell is credited in starting the influx of female athletes to Iten in the early 1990s when he trained and hosted World Champion Sally Barsosio, Rose Cheruiyot, and world junior champion Lydia Cheromei (all of whom lived in O'Connell's back garden houses).
Each Christmas Eve, the town plays host to the largest women's-only race in Kenya, The Shoe4Africa 5km. It was in the 2006 edition of this race that world champion Mary Keitany began her athletics career.
The town hosts the high altitude training centre, HATC, founded in 1999 by Lornah Kiplagat and Pieter Langerhorst. Other landmarks include the Kerio View Hotel founded in 1995 by Jean Paul Fourier. In 2012, the World Record holder in marathon (second fastest at that time) Wilson Kipsang, opened the Keeluu Resort: a lodging, conference and dining center.
The book More Fire by Toby Tanser, 2008, was written in and based on Iten, as was Tanser's earlier book Train Hard, Win easy. The Kenyan Way. 1997. Iten is also a featured location in Adharanand Finn's 2012 book Running With The Kenyans.
Notable people
Paul Kipkemoi Chelimo – Olympic track & field athlete, born in Iten, lives in the USA.
Mary Keitany – Olympic track & field athlete, lives in Iten.
Edna Kiplagat – Olympic track & field athlete, trained in Iten, lives in Colorado.
Florence Kiplagat – Olympic track & field athlete, lives in Iten.
Lornah Kiplagat – Olympic track & field athlete, lives in Holland, Nairobi, and Iten.
David Rudisha – Olympic track & field athlete, lives in Eldoret, trained in Iten.
Asbel Kiprop – Olympic track & field athlete, trained in Iten, lives in Eldoret.
Wilson Kipsang – Olympic track & field athlete, lives and trains in Iten.
Joyce Chepkurui – Olympic track & field athlete, trained in Iten.
Sally Barsosio – Olympic track & field athlete. Years 1993 to 1997, trained in Iten.
Brother Colm O'Connell – World renowned coach. Lives in Iten.
Stephen Cherono – World record holder track & field athlete, trained in Iten, lives in Eldoret.
Lydia Cheromei – World champion track & field athlete. Years 1992 to 2010.
Jake Robertson - New Zealand national marathon record holder. At 17 he moved to Iten, Kenya with his twin brother and fellow professional runner Zane Robertson.
Zane Robertson - Olympic track & field athlete, twin brother of New Zealand national marathon record holder Jake Robertson.
Agnes Tirop - Olympic world record holder killed in Iten in 2021.
Notable places
St. Patrick's High School – A boys-only national secondary school which has fostered many notable athletes.
View Point – A private park that sits at the edge of the Elgeyo escarpment and has views of both Thompson's Hill number ten and the Gregory Rift
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070318110920/http://www.geocities.com/hatc99/where.htm
http://www.lornah.com/
Elgeyo-Marakwet County
Populated places in Rift Valley Province
County capitals in Kenya |
44498218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien.
Biography
As the son of a musical family (his father Georg was a viola player in the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for over 40 years) Franz Patay's interests were encouraged from a young age. After leaving school he began studies in law at the University of Vienna. In January 1986 Franz Patay graduated as a doctor of jurisprudence. At the same time, he studied arts and cultural management at the College of Music and Performing Arts Vienna from October 1994 to February 2017.
Franz Patay, who holds a doctorate in law, was Secretary General and Executive Director of the IMZ – International Music + Media Centre Vienna since October 1994. From February 2014 until August 2018 he held the post of Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna. In June 2014 he was awarded the honorary title of Professor. In October 2016 he was appointed CEO of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien (VBW). Patay is married with one daughter.
Career
University administration
In 1987 Patay was appointed Vice-rector (Administrative Director) of the then College of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. In this office, which he held until 1994, his principal responsibilities lay in the legal and organisational management of the university; the main focus of his work were the departments of voice and stage performance, film and television, as well as acting and directing the Max Reinhardt Seminar. On 1 February 2014 he returned to university administration as Chief Executive of the Konservatorium Wien GmbH; he also took over the role of Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna until August 2018. In September 2018 the former Viennese city council for arts, science and sports Andreas Mailath-Pokorny assumed this position.
International networking in the music and media industry
Patay has headed the IMZ – International Music + Media Centre Vienna as Secretary General since 1994. The IMZ is an international non-profit organisation which was founded by Wilfried Scheib in 1961 under the auspices of UNESCO.
Organising large-scale cultural projects
Franz Patay's profile as an arts administrator is distinguished by the high number and variety of the individual projects carried out as part of large-scale international cultural events. As Chief Executive of the Vienna Mozart Year 2006, Franz Patay was responsible for overall coordination and implementation alongside Peter Marboe as Artistic Director. Together with Walter Reicher, Franz Patay was appointed to the executive board of the Haydn-Year 2009, where he was responsible for financial planning and programme coordination.
Kunsthalle and Kunst Haus Wien
In 2012 he took over the management of the Kunsthalle Wien and was the first Chief Executive of the Kunsthalle Wien GmbH. From 2007 to his appointment as Rector of the Konservatorium Wien University, he was also Chief Executive and Director of the Kunst Haus Wien. During his tenure, several major exhibitions were shown, including Annie Leibovitz, René Burri, HR Giger and Saul Leiter. At Patay's invitation, Paul McCartney attended the opening in 2013 of a retrospective of the deceased photographer Linda McCartney at the Kunst Haus Wien.
Vereinigte Bühnen Wien
In October 2016 Franz Patay succeeded Thomas Drozda as CEO of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien, who has been appointed to the federal minister of culture.
Other activities
Since 2000, Patay has been a member of the International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, New York, the body responsible for the International Emmy Awards. Invitations to teach and guest lectures have taken him e.g. to the International Center for Culture & Management (ICCM) in Salzburg. In addition, Patay was on the board of the UNESCO International Music Council in Paris for six years and was chair of the advisory board of the Austrian Music Council (Österreichisches Musikrat – ÖMR) for two years. Paul Hertel was appointed as his successor at the ÖMR. In May 2016 Patay was elected into the board of trustees of the Alban Berg Foundation. Also in 2016 Patay was appointed to the general assembly of the Vienna Symphony.
Honours
On 12 June 2014 Patay was awarded the honorary title of Professor by the President of Austria. The laudatory speech was given by Elisabeth Freismuth, Rector of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz since October 2014.
References
External links
Website Konservatorium Wien Universitäy
Website IMZ Austria
1961 births
Living people |
17335005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20community%20college%20football%20programs | List of community college football programs | This is a list of schools of United States community colleges that offer a football program. The two largest associations are the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) and California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA).
In the NJCAA, of 512 member colleges, 53 sponsored a football program, as of November, 2021. This reflects the elimination of football at seven Arizona community colleges in 2018; one in Minnesota and one in North Dakota in 2019; and one in Kansas in 2021.
In California, of 114 community colleges in the state, 66 sponsored a football program under the auspices of the CCCAA, as of November, 2021. This reflects the suspension of football at two CCCAA member institutions in 2020.
As shown below, the NJCAA is organized into five conferences (or leagues): Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference; Minnesota College Athletic Conference; Mississippi Association of Community & Junior Colleges; Northeast JC Football Conference; Southwest Junior College Football Conference; as well as Independents (no conference/league affiliation.)
The CCCAA divides its membership into two regions: Northern and Southern. Each region is divided into the National Conference and the American Conference. In Northern California, there are three conferences/leagues in the National and two in the American; in Southern California, there are three conferences/leagues in both the National and the American.
NJCAA football programs
New Members
CCCAA Football Programs
Northern California Football Association programs
Southern California Football Association programs
See also
NJCAA National Football Championship
List of Division 1 NJCAA schools
List of Division 2 NJCAA schools
List of Division 3 NJCAA schools
List of NCAA Division I FBS football programs
List of NCAA Division I FCS football programs
List of NCAA Division II football programs
List of NCAA Division III football programs
List of NAIA football programs
List of NCAA institutions with club football teams
References
External links
Football at the website of the National Junior College Athletic Association
Football at the website of California Community College Athletic Association
Community College |
17335009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20van%20Koningsveld | Jan van Koningsveld | Jan van Koningsveld (born 1969 in Emden) is a mental calculator. He is the champion of Extracting Square Roots of 2004 and 2008 as well as the champion of Calendar Calculation of 2008 at the Mental Calculation World Cups. In addition, he finished second in the overall rankings of 2004, 2006 and 2008.
During the first Memoriad 2008, the Olympiad for Mental Calculation and Memory held in İstanbul, Turkey, Jan van Koningsveld won the gold medals in the categories Multiplication as well as Calendar Calculation. After the competition he was also able to even the world record in the category Calendar Calculation by calculating 56 days of the week (range 1600–2100) in 1 minute.
Jan van Koningsveld also held the world record for multiplying two five-digit numbers. He solved ten tasks correctly in 3:06 minutes on 25 November 2005. That record was broken by Marc Jornet Sanz during world record attempts at the 2010 Mental Calculation World Cup
References
External links
http://memoriad.com/ MEMORIAD
http://www.recordholders.org/en/list/memory.html Memory and Mental Calculation World Records
http://www.recordholders.org/en/events/worldcup/index.html Mental Calculation World Cup Site
1969 births
Living people
Mental calculators
People from Emden |
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