protein_name
stringlengths 7
11
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stringclasses 238
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stringlengths 2
34.4k
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stringlengths 6
11.5k
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K22E_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSCQISCKSRGRGGGGGGFRGFSSGSAVVSGGSRRSTSSFSCLSRHGGGGGGFGGGGFGSRSLVGLGGTKSISISVAGGGGGFGAAGGFGGRGGGFGGGSSFGGGSGFSGGGFGGGGFGGGRFGGFGGPGGVGGLGGPGGFGPGGYPGGIHEVSVNQSLLQPLNVKVDPEIQNVKAQEREQIKTLNNKFASFIDKVRFLEQQNQVLQTKWELLQQMNVGTRPINLEPIFQGYIDSLKRYLDGLTAERTSQNSELNNMQDLVEDYKKKYEDEINKRTAAENDFVTLKKDVDNAYMIKVELQSKVDLLNQEIEFLKVLYDAEISQIHQSVTDTNVILSMDNSRNLDLDSIIAEVKAQYEEIAQRSKEEAEALYHSKYEELQVTVGRHGDSLKEIKIEISELNRVIQRLQGEIAHVKKQCKNVQDAIADAEQRGEHALKDARNKLNDLEEALQQAKEDLARLLRDYQELMNVKLALDVEIATYRKLLEGEECRMSGDLSSNVTVSVTSSTISSNVASKAAFGGSGGRGSSSGGGYSSGSSSYGSGGRQSGSRGGSGGGGSISGGGYGSGGGSGGRYGSGGGSKGGSISGGGYGSGGGKHSSGGGSRGGSSSGGGYGSGGGGSSSVKGSSGEAFGSSVTFSFR | Probably contributes to terminal cornification . Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization . Required for maintenance of corneocytes and keratin filaments in suprabasal keratinocytes in the epidermis of the ear, potentially via moderation of expression and localization of keratins and their partner proteins (By similarity). Plays a role in the establishment of the epidermal barrier on plantar skin (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm
Expressed in the upper spinous and granular suprabasal layers of normal adult epidermal tissues from most body sites including thigh, breast nipple, foot sole, penile shaft and axilla. Not present in foreskin, squamous metaplasias and carcinomas. Expression in hypertrophic and keloid scars begins in the deepest suprabasal layer. Weakly expressed in normal gingiva and tongue, however expression is induced in benign keratoses of lingual mucosa and in mild-to-moderate oral dysplasia with orthokeratinization. |
KAD2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAPSVPAAEPEYPKGIRAVLLGPPGAGKGTQAPRLAENFCVCHLATGDMLRAMVASGSELGKKLKATMDAGKLVSDEMVVELIEKNLETPLCKNGFLLDGFPRTVRQAEMLDDLMEKRKEKLDSVIEFSIPDSLLIRRITGRLIHPKSGRSYHEEFNPPKEPMKDDITGEPLIRRSDDNEKALKIRLQAYHTQTTPLIEYYRKRGIHSAIDASQTPDVVFASILAAFSKATCKDLVMFI | Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase activity is critical for regulation of the phosphate utilization and the AMP de novo biosynthesis pathways. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis.
Subcellular locations: Mitochondrion intermembrane space
Present in most tissues. Present at high level in heart, liver and kidney, and at low level in brain, skeletal muscle and skin. Present in thrombocytes but not in erythrocytes, which lack mitochondria. Present in all nucleated cell populations from blood, while AK1 is mostly absent. In spleen and lymph nodes, mononuclear cells lack AK1, whereas AK2 is readily detectable. These results indicate that leukocytes may be susceptible to defects caused by the lack of AK2, as they do not express AK1 in sufficient amounts to compensate for the AK2 functional deficits (at protein level). |
KAD2_PONAB | Pongo abelii | MAPSVPAAEPEYPKGIRAVLLGPPGAGKGTQAPRLAENFCVCHLATGDMLRAMVASGSELGKKLKATMDAGKLVSDEMVVELIEKNLETPLCKNGFLLDGFPRTVRQAEMLDDLMEKRKEKLDSVIEFSIPDSLLIRRITGRLIHPKSGRSYHEEFNPPKEPMKDDITGEPLIRRSDDNEKALKIRLQAYHTQTTPLIEYYRKRGIHSAIDASQTPDVVFASILAAFSKATCKDLVMFI | Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase activity is critical for regulation of the phosphate utilization and the AMP de novo biosynthesis pathways. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis.
Subcellular locations: Mitochondrion intermembrane space |
KAPCG_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGNAPAKKDTEQEESVNEFLAKARGDFLYRWGNPAQNTASSDQFERLRTLGMGSFGRVMLVRHQETGGHYAMKILNKQKVVKMKQVEHILNEKRILQAIDFPFLVKLQFSFKDNSYLYLVMEYVPGGEMFSRLQRVGRFSEPHACFYAAQVVLAVQYLHSLDLIHRDLKPENLLIDQQGYLQVTDFGFAKRVKGRTWTLCGTPEYLAPEIILSKGYNKAVDWWALGVLIYEMAVGFPPFYADQPIQIYEKIVSGRVRFPSKLSSDLKHLLRSLLQVDLTKRFGNLRNGVGDIKNHKWFATTSWIAIYEKKVEAPFIPKYTGPGDASNFDDYEEEELRISINEKCAKEFSEF | Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Testis specific. But important tissues such as brain and ovary have not been analyzed for the content of transcript. |
KAPCG_MACMU | Macaca mulatta | MGNAAAKKDTEQETVNEFLAKARGDFLYRWGNPAQNTASSDQFERLKTLGTGSYGRVMLVRHRETGNHYAMKILDKQKVVRLKQVEHTLNEKRILQAINFPFLVKLQFSFKDNSNLYLVMEYVPGGEMFSHLRRVGRFSEPQACFYAAQVVLAFQYLHSLDLIHRDLKPENLLIDQQGYLQVTDFGFAKRVKGRTWTLCGTPEYLAPEI | Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Testis specific. |
KC1AL_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MTNNSGSKAELVVGGKYKLVRKIGSGSFGDVYLGITTTNGEDVAVKLESQKVKHPQLLYESKLYTILQGGVGIPHMHWYGQEKDNNVLVMDLLGPSLEDLFNFCSRRFTMKTVLMLADQMISRIEYVHTKNFLHRDIKPDNFLMGTGRHCNKLFLIDFGLAKKYRDNRTRQHIPYREDKHLIGTVRYASINAHLGIEQSRRDDMESLGYVFMYFNRTSLPWQGLRAMTKKQKYEKISEKKMSTPVEVLCKGFPAEFAMYLNYCRGLRFEEVPDYMYLRQLFRILFRTLNHQYDYTFDWTMLKQKAAQQAASSSGQGQQAQTQTGKQTEKNKNNVKDN | Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm |
KCJ16_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSYYGSSYHIINADAKYPGYPPEHIIAEKRRARRRLLHKDGSCNVYFKHIFGEWGSYVVDIFTTLVDTKWRHMFVIFSLSYILSWLIFGSVFWLIAFHHGDLLNDPDITPCVDNVHSFTGAFLFSLETQTTIGYGYRCVTEECSVAVLMVILQSILSCIINTFIIGAALAKMATARKRAQTIRFSYFALIGMRDGKLCLMWRIGDFRPNHVVEGTVRAQLLRYTEDSEGRMTMAFKDLKLVNDQIILVTPVTIVHEIDHESPLYALDRKAVAKDNFEILVTFIYTGDSTGTSHQSRSSYVPREILWGHRFNDVLEVKRKYYKVNCLQFEGSVEVYAPFCSAKQLDWKDQQLHIEKAPPVRESCTSDTKARRRSFSAVAIVSSCENPEETTTSATHEYRETPYQKALLTLNRISVESQM | Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. KCNJ16 may be involved in the regulation of fluid and pH balance. In the kidney, together with KCNJ10, mediates basolateral K(+) recycling in distal tubules; this process is critical for Na(+) reabsorption at the tubules .
Subcellular locations: Membrane, Basolateral cell membrane
In kidney distal convoluted tubules, located in the basolateral membrane in the presence of KCNJ10.
Widely expressed, with highest levels in adult and fetal kidney (at protein level). In the kidney, expressed in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, but not in glomeruli nor collecting ducts. |
KCJ18_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MTAASRANPYSIVSLEEDGLHLVTMSGANGFGNGKVHTRRRCRNRFVKKNGQCNIAFANMDEKSQRYLADMFTTCVDIRWRYMLLIFSLAFLASWLLFGVIFWVIAVAHGDLEPAEGHGRTPCVMQVHGFMAAFLFSIETQTTIGYGLRCVTEECLVAVFMVVAQSIVGCIIDSFMIGAIMAKMARPKKRAQTLLFSHNAVVALRDGKLCLMWRVGNLRKSHIVEAHVRAQLIKPRVTEEGEYIPLDQIDIDVGFDKGLDRIFLVSPITILHEIDEASPLFGISRQDLETDDFEIVVILEGMVEATAMTTQARSSYLANEILWGHRFEPVLFEEKNQYKIDYSHFHKTYEVPSTPRCSAKDLVENKFLLPSANSFCYENELAFLSRDEEDEADGDQDGRSRDGLSPQARHDFDRLQAGGGVLEQRPYRRGSEI | Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Specifically expressed in skeletal muscle. |
KCMA1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MANGGGGGGGSSGGGGGGGGSSLRMSSNIHANHLSLDASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSVHEPKMDALIIPVTMEVPCDSRGQRMWWAFLASSMVTFFGGLFIILLWRTLKYLWTVCCHCGGKTKEAQKINNGSSQADGTLKPVDEKEEAVAAEVGWMTSVKDWAGVMISAQTLTGRVLVVLVFALSIGALVIYFIDSSNPIESCQNFYKDFTLQIDMAFNVFFLLYFGLRFIAANDKLWFWLEVNSVVDFFTVPPVFVSVYLNRSWLGLRFLRALRLIQFSEILQFLNILKTSNSIKLVNLLSIFISTWLTAAGFIHLVENSGDPWENFQNNQALTYWECVYLLMVTMSTVGYGDVYAKTTLGRLFMVFFILGGLAMFASYVPEIIELIGNRKKYGGSYSAVSGRKHIVVCGHITLESVSNFLKDFLHKDRDDVNVEIVFLHNISPNLELEALFKRHFTQVEFYQGSVLNPHDLARVKIESADACLILANKYCADPDAEDASNIMRVISIKNYHPKIRIITQMLQYHNKAHLLNIPSWNWKEGDDAICLAELKLGFIAQSCLAQGLSTMLANLFSMRSFIKIEEDTWQKYYLEGVSNEMYTEYLSSAFVGLSFPTVCELCFVKLKLLMIAIEYKSANRESRILINPGNHLKIQEGTLGFFIASDAKEVKRAFFYCKACHDDITDPKRIKKCGCKRPKMSIYKRMRRACCFDCGRSERDCSCMSGRVRGNVDTLERAFPLSSVSVNDCSTSFRAFEDEQPSTLSPKKKQRNGGMRNSPNTSPKLMRHDPLLIPGNDQIDNMDSNVKKYDSTGMFHWCAPKEIEKVILTRSEAAMTVLSGHVVVCIFGDVSSALIGLRNLVMPLRASNFHYHELKHIVFVGSIEYLKREWETLHNFPKVSILPGTPLSRADLRAVNINLCDMCVILSANQNNIDDTSLQDKECILASLNIKSMQFDDSIGVLQANSQGFTPPGMDRSSPDNSPVHGMLRQPSITTGVNIPIITELVNDTNVQFLDQDDDDDPDTELYLTQPFACGTAFAVSVLDSLMSATYFNDNILTLIRTLVTGGATPELEALIAEENALRGGYSTPQTLANRDRCRVAQLALLDGPFADLGDGGCYGDLFCKALKTYNMLCFGIYRLRDAHLSTPSQCTKRYVITNPPYEFELVPTDLIFCLMQFDHNAGQSRASLSHSSHSSQSSSKKSSSVHSIPSTANRQNRPKSRESRDKQKYVQEERL | Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+) (, ). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg(2+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Plays a key role in controlling excitability in a number of systems, such as regulation of the contraction of smooth muscle, the tuning of hair cells in the cochlea, regulation of transmitter release, and innate immunity. In smooth muscles, its activation by high level of Ca(2+), caused by ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, regulates the membrane potential. In cochlea cells, its number and kinetic properties partly determine the characteristic frequency of each hair cell and thereby helps to establish a tonotopic map. Kinetics of KCNMA1 channels are determined by alternative splicing, phosphorylation status and its combination with modulating beta subunits. Highly sensitive to both iberiotoxin (IbTx) and charybdotoxin (CTX).
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Widely expressed. Except in myocytes, it is almost ubiquitously expressed. |
KCMA1_MACMU | Macaca mulatta | MSSNIHANHLSLDASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSVHEPKMDALIIPVTMEVPCDSRGQRMWWAFLASSMVTFFGGLFIILLWRTLKYLWTVCCHCGGKTKEAQKINNGSSQADGTLKPVDEKEEAVAAEVGWMTSVKDWAGVMISAQTLTGRVLVVLVFALSIGALVIYFIDSSNPIESCQNFYKDFTLQIDMAFNVFFLLYFGLRFIAANDKLWFWLEVNSVVDFFTVPPVFVSVYLNRSWLGLRFLRALRLIQFSEILQFLNILKTSNSIKLVNLLSIFISTWLTAAGFIHLVENSGDPWENFQNNQALTYWECVYLLMVTMSTVGYGDVYAKTTLGRLFMVFFILGGLAMFASYVPEIIELIGNRKKYGGSYSAVSGRKHIVVCGHITLESVSNFLKDFLHKDRDDVNVEIVFLHNISPNLELEALFKRHFTQVEFYQGSVLNPHDLARVKIESADACLILANKYCADPDAEDASNIMRVISIKNYHPKIRIITQMLQYHNKAHLLNIPSWNWKEGDDAICLAELKLGFIAQSCLAQGLSTMLANLFSMRSFIKIEEDTWQKYYLEGVSNEMYTEYLSSAFVGLSFPTVCELCFVKLKLLMIAIEYKSANRESRILINPGNHLKIQEGTLGFFIASDAKEVKRAFFYCKACHDDITDPKRIKKCGCKRLEDEQPSTLSPKKKQRNGGMRNSPNSSPKLMRHDPLLIPGNDQIDNMDSNVKKYDSTGMFHWCAPKEIEKVILTRSEAAMTVLSGHVVVCIFGDVSSALIGLRNLVMPLRASNFHYHELKHIVFVGSIEYLKREWETLHNFPKVSILPGTPLSRADLRAVNINLCDMCVILSANQNNIDDTSLQDKECILASLNIKSMQFDDSIGVLQANSQGFTPPGMDRSSPDNSPVHGMLRQPSITTGVNIPIITELVNDTNVQFLDQDDDDDPDTELYLTQPFACGTAFAVSVLDSLMSATYFNDNILTLIRTLVTGGATPELEALIAEENALRGGYSTPQTLANRDRCRVAQLALLDGPFADLGDGGCYGDLFCKALKTYNMLCFGIYRLRDAHLSTPSQCTKRYVITNPPYEFELVPTDLIFCLMQFDHNAGQSRASLSHSSHSSQSSSKKSSSVHSIPSTANRQNRPKSRESRDKQKYVQEERL | Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg(2+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Plays a key role in controlling excitability in a number of systems, such as regulation of the contraction of smooth muscle, the tuning of hair cells in the cochlea, regulation of transmitter release, and innate immunity. In smooth muscles, its activation by high level of Ca(2+), caused by ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, regulates the membrane potential. In cochlea cells, its number and kinetic properties partly determine the characteristic frequency of each hair cell and thereby helps to establish a tonotopic map. Kinetics of KCNMA1 channels are determined by alternative splicing, phosphorylation status and its combination with modulating beta subunits. Highly sensitive to both iberiotoxin (IbTx) and charybdotoxin (CTX) (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane |
KCMB1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MVKKLVMAQKRGETRALCLGVTMVVCAVITYYILVTTVLPLYQKSVWTQESKCHLIETNIRDQEELKGKKVPQYPCLWVNVSAAGRWAVLYHTEDTRDQNQQCSYIPGSVDNYQTARADVEKVRAKFQEQQVFYCFSAPRGNETSVLFQRLYGPQALLFSLFWPTFLLTGGLLIIAMVKSNQYLSILAAQK | Regulatory subunit of the calcium activated potassium KCNMA1 (maxiK) channel. Modulates the calcium sensitivity and gating kinetics of KCNMA1, thereby contributing to KCNMA1 channel diversity. Increases the apparent Ca(2+)/voltage sensitivity of the KCNMA1 channel. It also modifies KCNMA1 channel kinetics and alters its pharmacological properties. It slows down the activation and the deactivation kinetics of the channel. Acts as a negative regulator of smooth muscle contraction by enhancing the calcium sensitivity to KCNMA1. Its presence is also a requirement for internal binding of the KCNMA1 channel opener dehydrosoyasaponin I (DHS-1) triterpene glycoside and for external binding of the agonist hormone 17-beta-estradiol (E2). Increases the binding activity of charybdotoxin (CTX) toxin to KCNMA1 peptide blocker by increasing the CTX association rate and decreasing the dissociation rate.
Subcellular locations: Membrane
Abundantly expressed in smooth muscle. Low levels of expression in most other tissues. Within the brain, relatively high levels found in hippocampus and corpus callosum. |
KCNJ8_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLARKSIIPEEYVLARIAAENLRKPRIRDRLPKARFIAKSGACNLAHKNIREQGRFLQDIFTTLVDLKWRHTLVIFTMSFLCSWLLFAIMWWLVAFAHGDIYAYMEKSGMEKSGLESTVCVTNVRSFTSAFLFSIEVQVTIGFGGRMMTEECPLAITVLILQNIVGLIINAVMLGCIFMKTAQAHRRAETLIFSRHAVIAVRNGKLCFMFRVGDLRKSMIISASVRIQVVKKTTTPEGEVVPIHQLDIPVDNPIESNNIFLVAPLIICHVIDKRSPLYDISATDLANQDLEVIVILEGVVETTGITTQARTSYIAEEIQWGHRFVSIVTEEEGVYSVDYSKFGNTVKVAAPRCSARELDEKPSILIQTLQKSELSHQNSLRKRNSMRRNNSMRRNNSIRRNNSSLMVPKVQFMTPEGNQNTSES | This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Membrane
Predominantly detected in fetal and adult heart. |
KCNJ9_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAQENAAFSPGQEEPPRRRGRQRYVEKDGRCNVQQGNVRETYRYLTDLFTTLVDLQWRLSLLFFVLAYALTWLFFGAIWWLIAYGRGDLEHLEDTAWTPCVNNLNGFVAAFLFSIETETTIGYGHRVITDQCPEGIVLLLLQAILGSMVNAFMVGCMFVKISQPNKRAATLVFSSHAVVSLRDGRLCLMFRVGDLRSSHIVEASIRAKLIRSRQTLEGEFIPLHQTDLSVGFDTGDDRLFLVSPLVISHEIDAASPFWEASRRALERDDFEIVVILEGMVEATGMTCQARSSYLVDEVLWGHRFTSVLTLEDGFYEVDYASFHETFEVPTPSCSARELAEAAARLDAHLYWSIPSRLDEKVEEEGAGEGAGGEAGADKEQNGCLPPPESESKV | This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Membrane |
KCNK1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLQSLAGSSCVRLVERHRSAWCFGFLVLGYLLYLVFGAVVFSSVELPYEDLLRQELRKLKRRFLEEHECLSEQQLEQFLGRVLEASNYGVSVLSNASGNWNWDFTSALFFASTVLSTTGYGHTVPLSDGGKAFCIIYSVIGIPFTLLFLTAVVQRITVHVTRRPVLYFHIRWGFSKQVVAIVHAVLLGFVTVSCFFFIPAAVFSVLEDDWNFLESFYFCFISLSTIGLGDYVPGEGYNQKFRELYKIGITCYLLLGLIAMLVVLETFCELHELKKFRKMFYVKKDKDEDQVHIIEHDQLSFSSITDQAAGMKEDQKQNEPFVATQSSACVDGPANH | Ion channel that contributes to passive transmembrane potassium transport and to the regulation of the resting membrane potential in brain astrocytes, but also in kidney and in other tissues (, ). Forms dimeric channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel is selective for K(+) ions at physiological potassium concentrations and at neutral pH, but becomes permeable to Na(+) at subphysiological K(+) levels and upon acidification of the extracellular medium (, ). The homodimer has very low potassium channel activity, when expressed in heterologous systems, and can function as weakly inward rectifying potassium channel ( ). Channel activity is modulated by activation of serotonin receptors (By similarity). Heterodimeric channels containing KCNK1 and KCNK2 have much higher activity, and may represent the predominant form in astrocytes (By similarity). Heterodimeric channels containing KCNK1 and KCNK3 or KCNK9 have much higher activity . Heterodimeric channels formed by KCNK1 and KCNK9 may contribute to halothane-sensitive currents . Mediates outward rectifying potassium currents in dentate gyrus granule cells and contributes to the regulation of their resting membrane potential (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of action potential firing in dentate gyrus granule cells and down-regulates their intrinsic excitability (By similarity). In astrocytes, the heterodimer formed by KCNK1 and KCNK2 is required for rapid glutamate release in response to activation of G-protein coupled receptors, such as F2R and CNR1 (By similarity). Required for normal ion and water transport in the kidney (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of the resting membrane potential of pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). The low channel activity of homodimeric KCNK1 may be due to sumoylation ( ). The low channel activity may be due to rapid internalization from the cell membrane and retention in recycling endosomes .
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane, Recycling endosome, Synaptic cell membrane, Cytoplasmic vesicle, Perikaryon, Cell projection, Dendrite, Cell projection, Apical cell membrane
The heterodimer with KCNK2 is detected at the astrocyte cell membrane. Not detected at the astrocyte cell membrane when KCNK2 is absent. Detected on neuronal cell bodies, and to a lesser degree on neuronal cell projections. Detected on hippocampus dentate gyrus granule cell bodies and to a lesser degree on proximal dendrites. Detected at the apical cell membrane in stria vascularis in the cochlea. Detected at the apical cell membrane of vestibular dark cells situated between the crista and the utricle in the inner ear. Detected at the apical cell membrane in kidney proximal tubule segment S1 and in subapical compartments in segments S1, S2 and S3. Predominantly in cytoplasmic structures in kidney distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts (By similarity). Detected at the apical cell membrane of bronchial epithelial cells .
Detected in bronchial epithelial cells . Detected in heart left atrium and left ventricle . Detected in cardiac myocytes (at protein level) . Widely expressed with high levels in heart, brain and kidney, and lower levels in colon, ovary, placenta, lung and liver (, ). Highly expressed in cerebellum, and detected at lower levels in amygdala, caudate nucleus, brain cortex, hippocampus, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus, dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, pituitary, heart, kidney, lung, placenta, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, uterus and prostate . Detected in right and left heart ventricle and atrium, and in heart Purkinje fibers . |
KCNK1_PONAB | Pongo abelii | MLQSLAGSSCVRLVERHRSARCFGFLVLGYLLYLVFGAVVFSSVELPYEDLLRQELRKLKRRFLEEHECLSEQQLEQFLGRVLEASNYGVSVLSNASGNWNWDFTSALFFASTVLSTTGYGHTVPLSDGGKAFCIIYSVIGIPFTLLFLTAVVQRITVHVTRRPVLYFHIRWGFSKQVVAIVHAVLLGFVTVSCFFFIPAAVFSVLEDDWNFLESFYFCFISLSTIGLGDYVPGEGYNQKFRELYKIGITCYLLLGLIAMLVVLETFCELHELKKFRKMFYVKKDKDEDQVHIIEHDQLSFSSITDQAAGMKEDQKQNEPFVATQSSACMDGPANH | Ion channel that contributes to passive transmembrane potassium transport and to the regulation of the resting membrane potential in brain astrocytes, but also in kidney and in other tissues. Forms dimeric channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel is selective for K(+) ions at physiological potassium concentrations and at neutral pH, but becomes permeable to Na(+) at subphysiological K(+) levels, and upon acidification of the extracellular medium. The homodimer has very low potassium channel activity, when expressed in heterologous systems, and can function as weakly inward rectifying potassium channel (By similarity). Channel activity is modulated by activation of serotonin receptors (By similarity). Heterodimeric channels containing KCNK1 and KCNK2 have much higher activity, and may represent the predominant form in astrocytes (By similarity). Heterodimeric channels containing KCNK1 and KCNK3 or KCNK9 have much higher activity. Heterodimeric channels formed by KCNK1 and KCNK9 may contribute to halothane-sensitive currents (By similarity). Mediates outward rectifying potassium currents in dentate gyrus granule cells and contributes to the regulation of their resting membrane potential (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of action potential firing in dentate gyrus granule cells and down-regulates their intrinsic excitability (By similarity). In astrocytes, the heterodimer formed by KCNK1 and KCNK2 is required for rapid glutamate release in response to activation of G-protein coupled receptors, such as F2R and CNR1 (By similarity). Required for normal ion and water transport in the kidney (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of the resting membrane potential of pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). The low channel activity of homodimeric KCNK1 may be due to sumoylation. The low channel activity may be due to rapid internalization from the cell membrane and retention in recycling endosomes (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane, Recycling endosome, Synaptic cell membrane, Cytoplasmic vesicle, Perikaryon, Cell projection, Dendrite, Cell projection, Apical cell membrane
The heterodimer with KCNK2 is detected at the astrocyte cell membrane. Not detected at the astrocyte cell membrane when KCNK2 is absent. Detected on neuronal cell bodies, and to a lesser degree on neuronal cell projections. Detected on hippocampus dentate gyrus granule cell bodies and to a lesser degree on proximal dendrites. Detected at the apical cell membrane in stria vascularis in the cochlea. Detected at the apical cell membrane of vestibular dark cells situated between the crista and the utricle in the inner ear. Detected at the apical cell membrane in kidney proximal tubule segment S1 and in subapical compartments in segments S1, S2 and S3. Predominantly in cytoplasmic structures in kidney distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts (By similarity). Detected at the apical cell membrane of bronchial epithelial cells (By similarity). |
KCNK2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLPSASRERPGYRAGVAAPDLLDPKSAAQNSKPRLSFSTKPTVLASRVESDTTINVMKWKTVSTIFLVVVLYLIIGATVFKALEQPHEISQRTTIVIQKQTFISQHSCVNSTELDELIQQIVAAINAGIIPLGNTSNQISHWDLGSSFFFAGTVITTIGFGNISPRTEGGKIFCIIYALLGIPLFGFLLAGVGDQLGTIFGKGIAKVEDTFIKWNVSQTKIRIISTIIFILFGCVLFVALPAIIFKHIEGWSALDAIYFVVITLTTIGFGDYVAGGSDIEYLDFYKPVVWFWILVGLAYFAAVLSMIGDWLRVISKKTKEEVGEFRAHAAEWTANVTAEFKETRRRLSVEIYDKFQRATSIKRKLSAELAGNHNQELTPCRRTLSVNHLTSERDVLPPLLKTESIYLNGLTPHCAGEEIAVIENIK | Ion channel that contributes to passive transmembrane potassium transport . Reversibly converts between a voltage-insensitive potassium leak channel and a voltage-dependent outward rectifying potassium channel in a phosphorylation-dependent manner . In astrocytes, forms mostly heterodimeric potassium channels with KCNK1, with only a minor proportion of functional channels containing homodimeric KCNK2. In astrocytes, the heterodimer formed by KCNK1 and KCNK2 is required for rapid glutamate release in response to activation of G-protein coupled receptors, such as F2R and CNR1 (By similarity).
Does not display channel activity but reduces the channel activity of isoform 1 and isoform 2 and reduces cell surface expression of isoform 2.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Subcellular locations: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Isoform 4 is detected in kidney, adrenal gland and brain where it is preferentially expressed in the amygdala but not found in thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus or substantia nigra. |
KCNK3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MKRQNVRTLALIVCTFTYLLVGAAVFDALESEPELIERQRLELRQQELRARYNLSQGGYEELERVVLRLKPHKAGVQWRFAGSFYFAITVITTIGYGHAAPSTDGGKVFCMFYALLGIPLTLVMFQSLGERINTLVRYLLHRAKKGLGMRRADVSMANMVLIGFFSCISTLCIGAAAFSHYEHWTFFQAYYYCFITLTTIGFGDYVALQKDQALQTQPQYVAFSFVYILTGLTVIGAFLNLVVLRFMTMNAEDEKRDAEHRALLTRNGQAGGGGGGGSAHTTDTASSTAAAGGGGFRNVYAEVLHFQSMCSCLWYKSREKLQYSIPMIIPRDLSTSDTCVEQSHSSPGGGGRYSDTPSRRCLCSGAPRSAISSVSTGLHSLSTFRGLMKRRSSV | pH-dependent, voltage-insensitive, background potassium channel protein. Rectification direction results from potassium ion concentration on either side of the membrane. Acts as an outward rectifier when external potassium concentration is low. When external potassium concentration is high, current is inward.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Widespread expression in adult. Strongest expression in pancreas and placenta. Lower expression in brain, lung, prostate, heart, kidney, uterus, small intestine and colon. |
KCTD2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAELQLDPAMAGLGGGGGSGVGDGGGPVRGPPSPRPAGPTPRGHGRPAAAVAQPLEPGPGPPERAGGGGAARWVRLNVGGTYFVTTRQTLGREPKSFLCRLCCQEDPELDSDKDETGAYLIDRDPTYFGPILNYLRHGKLIITKELAEEGVLEEAEFYNIASLVRLVKERIRDNENRTSQGPVKHVYRVLQCQEEELTQMVSTMSDGWKFEQLISIGSSYNYGNEDQAEFLCVVSRELNNSTNGIVIEPSEKAKILQERGSRM | null |
KCTD3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAGGHCGSFPAAAAGSGEIVQLNVGGTRFSTSRQTLMWIPDSFFSSLLSGRISTLRDETGAIFIDRDPAAFAPILNFLRTKELDLRGVSINVLRHEAEFYGITPLVRRLLLCEELERSSCGSVLFHGYLPPPGIPSRKINNTVRSADSRNGLNSTEGEARGNGTQPVLSGTGEETVRLGFPVDPRKVLIVAGHHNWIVAAYAHFAVCYRIKESSGWQQVFTSPYLDWTIERVALNAKVVGGPHGDKDKMVAVASESSIILWSVQDGGSGSEIGVFSLGVPVDALFFIGNQLVATSHTGKVGVWNAVTQHWQVQDVVPITSYDTAGSFLLLGCNNGSIYYIDMQKFPLRMKDNDLLVTELYHDPSNDAITALSVYLTPKTSVSGNWIEIAYGTSSGAVRVIVQHPETVGSGPQLFQTFTVHRSPVTKIMLSEKHLVSVCADNNHVRTWTVTRFRGMISTQPGSTPLASFKILSLEETESHGSYSSGNDIGPFGERDDQQVFIQKVVPITNKLFVRLSSTGKRICEIQAVDCTTISSFTVRECEGSSRMGSRPRRYLFTGHTNGSIQMWDLTTAMDMVNKSEDKDVGGPTEEELLKLLDQCDLSTSRCATPNISPATSVVQHSHLRESNSSLQLQHHDTTHEAATYGSMRPYRESPLLARARRTESFHSYRDFQTINLNRNVERAVPENGNLGPIQAEVKGATGECNISERKSPGVEIKSLRELDSGLEVHKIAEGFSESKKRSSEDENENKIEFRKKGGFEGGGFLGRKKVPYLASSPSTSDGGTDSPGTASPSPTKTTPSPRHKKSDSSGQEYSL | Accessory subunit of potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 (HCN3) up-regulating its cell-surface expression and current density without affecting its voltage dependence and kinetics.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Broadly expressed in normal tissues. |
KCTD4_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MERKINRREKEKEYEGKHNSLEDTDQGKNCKSTLMTLNVGGYLYITQKQTLTKYPDTFLEGIVNGKILCPFDADGHYFIDRDGLLFRHVLNFLRNGELLLPEGFRENQLLAQEAEFFQLKGLAEEVKSRWEKEQLTPRETTFLEITDNHDRSQGLRIFCNAPDFISKIKSRIVLVSKSRLDGFPEEFSISSNIIQFKYFIKSENGTRLVLKEDNTFVCTLETLKFEAIMMALKCGFRLLTSLDCSKGSIVHSDALHFIK | null |
KCTD5_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAENHCELLSPARGGIGAGLGGGLCRRCSAGLGALAQRPGSVSKWVRLNVGGTYFLTTRQTLCRDPKSFLYRLCQADPDLDSDKDETGAYLIDRDPTYFGPVLNYLRHGKLVINKDLAEEGVLEEAEFYNITSLIKLVKDKIRERDSKTSQVPVKHVYRVLQCQEEELTQMVSTMSDGWKFEQLVSIGSSYNYGNEDQAEFLCVVSKELHNTPYGTASEPSEKAKILQERGSRM | Its interaction with CUL3 suggests that it may act as a substrate adapter in some E3 ligase complex . Does not affect the function of Kv channel Kv2.1/KCNB1, Kv1.2/KCNA2, Kv4.2/KCND2 and Kv3.4/KCNC4 .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Predominantly cytoplasmic, translocated to the nucleus upon interaction with Rep proteins. |
KCTD6_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MDNGDWGYMMTDPVTLNVGGHLYTTSLTTLTRYPDSMLGAMFGGDFPTARDPQGNYFIDRDGPLFRYVLNFLRTSELTLPLDFKEFDLLRKEADFYQIEPLIQCLNDPKPLYPMDTFEEVVELSSTRKLSKYSNPVAVIITQLTITTKVHSLLEGISNYFTKWNKHMMDTRDCQVSFTFGPCDYHQEVSLRVHLMEYITKQGFTIRNTRVHHMSERANENTVEHNWTFCRLARKTDD | Probable substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes the ubiquitination of HDAC1; the function seems to depend on KCTD11:KCTD6 oligomerization. Can function as antagonist of the Hedgehog pathway by affecting the nuclear transfer of transcription factor GLI1; the function probably occurs via HDAC1 down-regulation, keeping GLI1 acetylated and inactive. Inhibits cell growth and tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma (MDB) . Involved in regulating protein levels of ANK1 isoform Mu17 probably implicating CUL3-dependent proteasomal degradation .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Myofibril, Sarcomere, M line
Colocalizes with ANK1 isoform Mu17 at the M line in differentiated skeletal muscle cells and heart.
Highly expressed in cerebellum and brain. Expression is down-regulated in medulloblastoma. |
KCTD7_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MVVVTGREPDSRRQDGAMSSSDAEDDFLEPATPTATQAGHALPLLPQEFPEVVPLNIGGAHFTTRLSTLRCYEDTMLAAMFSGRHYIPTDSEGRYFIDRDGTHFGDVLNFLRSGDLPPRERVRAVYKEAQYYAIGPLLEQLENMQPLKGEKVRQAFLGLMPYYKDHLERIVEIARLRAVQRKARFAKLKVCVFKEEMPITPYECPLLNSLRFERSESDGQLFEHHCEVDVSFGPWEAVADVYDLLHCLVTDLSAQGLTVDHQCIGVCDKHLVNHYYCKRPIYEFKITWW | May be involved in the control of excitability of cortical neurons.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytosol |
KDM5A_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAGVGPGGYAAEFVPPPECPVFEPSWEEFTDPLSFIGRIRPLAEKTGICKIRPPKDWQPPFACEVKSFRFTPRVQRLNELEAMTRVRLDFLDQLAKFWELQGSTLKIPVVERKILDLYALSKIVASKGGFEMVTKEKKWSKVGSRLGYLPGKGTGSLLKSHYERILYPYELFQSGVSLMGVQMPNLDLKEKVEPEVLSTDTQTSPEPGTRMNILPKRTRRVKTQSESGDVSRNTELKKLQIFGAGPKVVGLAMGTKDKEDEVTRRRKVTNRSDAFNMQMRQRKGTLSVNFVDLYVCMFCGRGNNEDKLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLPDVPKGDWRCPKCVAEECSKPREAFGFEQAVREYTLQSFGEMADNFKSDYFNMPVHMVPTELVEKEFWRLVSSIEEDVIVEYGADISSKDFGSGFPVKDGRRKILPEEEEYALSGWNLNNMPVLEQSVLAHINVDISGMKVPWLYVGMCFSSFCWHIEDHWSYSINYLHWGEPKTWYGVPSHAAEQLEEVMRELAPELFESQPDLLHQLVTIMNPNVLMEHGVPVYRTNQCAGEFVVTFPRAYHSGFNQGYNFAEAVNFCTADWLPIGRQCVNHYRRLRRHCVFSHEELIFKMAADPECLDVGLAAMVCKELTLMTEEETRLRESVVQMGVLMSEEEVFELVPDDERQCSACRTTCFLSALTCSCNPERLVCLYHPTDLCPCPMQKKCLRYRYPLEDLPSLLYGVKVRAQSYDTWVSRVTEALSANFNHKKDLIELRVMLEDAEDRKYPENDLFRKLRDAVKEAETCASVAQLLLSKKQKHRQSPDSGRTRTKLTVEELKAFVQQLFSLPCVISQARQVKNLLDDVEEFHERAQEAMMDETPDSSKLQMLIDMGSSLYVELPELPRLKQELQQARWLDEVRLTLSDPQQVTLDVMKKLIDSGVGLAPHHAVEKAMAELQELLTVSERWEEKAKVCLQARPRHSVASLESIVNEAKNIPAFLPNVLSLKEALQKAREWTAKVEAIQSGSNYAYLEQLESLSAKGRPIPVRLEALPQVESQVAAARAWRERTGRTFLKKNSSHTLLQVLSPRTDIGVYGSGKNRRKKVKELIEKEKEKDLDLEPLSDLEEGLEETRDTAMVVAVFKEREQKEIEAMHSLRAANLAKMTMVDRIEEVKFCICRKTASGFMLQCELCKDWFHNSCVPLPKSSSQKKGSSWQAKEVKFLCPLCMRSRRPRLETILSLLVSLQKLPVRLPEGEALQCLTERAMSWQDRARQALATDELSSALAKLSVLSQRMVEQAAREKTEKIISAELQKAAANPDLQGHLPSFQQSAFNRVVSSVSSSPRQTMDYDDEETDSDEDIRETYGYDMKDTASVKSSSSLEPNLFCDEEIPIKSEEVVTHMWTAPSFCAEHAYSSASKSCSQGSSTPRKQPRKSPLVPRSLEPPVLELSPGAKAQLEELMMVGDLLEVSLDETQHIWRILQATHPPSEDRFLHIMEDDSMEEKPLKVKGKDSSEKKRKRKLEKVEQLFGEGKQKSKELKKMDKPRKKKLKLGADKSKELNKLAKKLAKEEERKKKKEKAAAAKVELVKESTEKKREKKVLDIPSKYDWSGAEESDDENAVCAAQNCQRPCKDKVDWVQCDGGCDEWFHQVCVGVSPEMAENEDYICINCAKKQGPVSPGPAPPPSFIMSYKLPMEDLKETS | Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. Regulates specific gene transcription through DNA-binding on 5'-CCGCCC-3' motif . May stimulate transcription mediated by nuclear receptors. Involved in transcriptional regulation of Hox proteins during cell differentiation . May participate in transcriptional repression of cytokines such as CXCL12. Plays a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm and in maintaining the normal periodicity of the circadian clock. In a histone demethylase-independent manner, acts as a coactivator of the CLOCK-BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activation of PER1/2 and other clock-controlled genes and increases histone acetylation at PER1/2 promoters by inhibiting the activity of HDAC1 (By similarity). Seems to act as a transcriptional corepressor for some genes such as MT1F and to favor the proliferation of cancer cells .
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Nucleolus, Nucleus
Occupies promoters of genes involved in RNA metabolism and mitochondrial function. |
KDM5B_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MEAATTLHPGPRPALPLGGPGPLGEFLPPPECPVFEPSWEEFADPFAFIHKIRPIAEQTGICKVRPPPDWQPPFACDVDKLHFTPRIQRLNELEAQTRVKLNFLDQIAKYWELQGSTLKIPHVERKILDLFQLNKLVAEEGGFAVVCKDRKWTKIATKMGFAPGKAVGSHIRGHYERILNPYNLFLSGDSLRCLQKPNLTTDTKDKEYKPHDIPQRQSVQPSETCPPARRAKRMRAEAMNIKIEPEETTEARTHNLRRRMGCPTPKCENEKEMKSSIKQEPIERKDYIVENEKEKPKSRSKKATNAVDLYVCLLCGSGNDEDRLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLHDVPKGDWRCPKCLAQECSKPQEAFGFEQAARDYTLRTFGEMADAFKSDYFNMPVHMVPTELVEKEFWRLVSTIEEDVTVEYGADIASKEFGSGFPVRDGKIKLSPEEEEYLDSGWNLNNMPVMEQSVLAHITADICGMKLPWLYVGMCFSSFCWHIEDHWSYSINYLHWGEPKTWYGVPGYAAEQLENVMKKLAPELFVSQPDLLHQLVTIMNPNTLMTHEVPVYRTNQCAGEFVITFPRAYHSGFNQGFNFAEAVNFCTVDWLPLGRQCVEHYRLLHRYCVFSHDEMICKMASKADVLDVVVASTVQKDMAIMIEDEKALRETVRKLGVIDSERMDFELLPDDERQCVKCKTTCFMSAISCSCKPGLLVCLHHVKELCSCPPYKYKLRYRYTLDDLYPMMNALKLRAESYNEWALNVNEALEAKINKKKSLVSFKALIEESEMKKFPDNDLLRHLRLVTQDAEKCASVAQQLLNGKRQTRYRSGGGKSQNQLTVNELRQFVTQLYALPCVLSQTPLLKDLLNRVEDFQQHSQKLLSEETPSAAELQDLLDVSFEFDVELPQLAEMRIRLEQARWLEEVQQACLDPSSLTLDDMRRLIDLGVGLAPYSAVEKAMARLQELLTVSEHWDDKAKSLLKARPRHSLNSLATAVKEIEEIPAYLPNGAALKDSVQRARDWLQDVEGLQAGGRVPVLDTLIELVTRGRSIPVHLNSLPRLETLVAEVQAWKECAVNTFLTENSPYSLLEVLCPRCDIGLLGLKRKQRKLKEPLPNGKKKSTKLESLSDLERALTESKETASAMATLGEARLREMEALQSLRLANEGKLLSPLQDVDIKICLCQKAPAAPMIQCELCRDAFHTSCVAVPSISQGLRIWLCPHCRRSEKPPLEKILPLLASLQRIRVRLPEGDALRYMIERTVNWQHRAQQLLSSGNLKFVQDRVGSGLLYSRWQASAGQVSDTNKVSQPPGTTSFSLPDDWDNRTSYLHSPFSTGRSCIPLHGVSPEVNELLMEAQLLQVSLPEIQELYQTLLAKPSPAQQTDRSSPVRPSSEKNDCCRGKRDGINSLERKLKRRLEREGLSSERWERVKKMRTPKKKKIKLSHPKDMNNFKLERERSYELVRSAETHSLPSDTSYSEQEDSEDEDAICPAVSCLQPEGDEVDWVQCDGSCNQWFHQVCVGVSPEMAEKEDYICVRCTVKDAPSRK | Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code ( ). Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9' or H3 'Lys-27'. Demethylates trimethylated, dimethylated and monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. Acts as a transcriptional corepressor for FOXG1B and PAX9. Favors the proliferation of breast cancer cells by repressing tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1 and HOXA5 . In contrast, may act as a tumor suppressor for melanoma. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer-mediated transcriptional activation of the core clock component PER2 (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus
Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in testis. Down-regulated in melanoma and glioblastoma. Up-regulated in breast cancer (at protein level). |
KDM5C_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MEPGSDDFLPPPECPVFEPSWAEFRDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRPPADWQPPFAVEVDNFRFTPRIQRLNELEAQTRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERRILDLYSLSKIVVEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLNYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYERIVYPYEMYQSGANLVQCNTRPFDNEEKDKEYKPHSIPLRQSVQPSKFNSYGRRAKRLQPDPEPTEEDIEKNPELKKLQIYGAGPKMMGLGLMAKDKTLRKKDKEGPECPPTVVVKEELGGDVKVESTSPKTFLESKEELSHSPEPCTKMTMRLRRNHSNAQFIESYVCRMCSRGDEDDKLLLCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPKGVWRCPKCVMAECKRPPEAFGFEQATREYTLQSFGEMADSFKADYFNMPVHMVPTELVEKEFWRLVNSIEEDVTVEYGADIHSKEFGSGFPVSDSKRHLTPEEEEYATSGWNLNVMPVLEQSVLCHINADISGMKVPWLYVGMVFSAFCWHIEDHWSYSINYLHWGEPKTWYGVPSLAAEHLEEVMKKLTPELFDSQPDLLHQLVTLMNPNTLMSHGVPVVRTNQCAGEFVITFPRAYHSGFNQGYNFAEAVNFCTADWLPAGRQCIEHYRRLRRYCVFSHEELICKMAACPEKLDLNLAAAVHKEMFIMVQEERRLRKALLEKGITEAEREAFELLPDDERQCIKCKTTCFLSALACYDCPDGLVCLSHINDLCKCSSSRQYLRYRYTLDELPAMLHKLKVRAESFDTWANKVRVALEVEDGRKRSLEELRALESEARERRFPNSELLQQLKNCLSEAEACVSRALGLVSGQEAGPHRVAGLQMTLTELRAFLDQMNNLPCAMHQIGDVKGVLEQVEAYQAEAREALASLPSSPGLLQSLLERGRQLGVEVPEAQQLQRQVEQARWLDEVKRTLAPSARRGTLAVMRGLLVAGASVAPSPAVDKAQAELQELLTIAERWEEKAHLCLEARQKHPPATLEAIIREAENIPVHLPNIQALKEALAKARAWIADVDEIQNGDHYPCLDDLEGLVAVGRDLPVGLEELRQLELQVLTAHSWREKASKTFLKKNSCYTLLEVLCPCADAGSDSTKRSRWMEKELGLYKSDTELLGLSAQDLRDPGSVIVAFKEGEQKEKEGILQLRRTNSAKPSPLASSSTASSTTSICVCGQVLAGAGALQCDLCQDWFHGRCVSVPRLLSSPRPNPTSSPLLAWWEWDTKFLCPLCMRSRRPRLETILALLVALQRLPVRLPEGEALQCLTERAISWQGRARQALASEDVTALLGRLAELRQRLQAEPRPEEPPNYPAAPASDPLREGSGKDMPKVQGLLENGDSVTSPEKVAPEEGSGKRDLELLSSLLPQLTGPVLELPEATRAPLEELMMEGDLLEVTLDENHSIWQLLQAGQPPDLERIRTLLELEKAERHGSRARGRALERRRRRKVDRGGEGDDPAREELEPKRVRSSGPEAEEVQEEEELEEETGGEGPPAPIPTTGSPSTQENQNGLEPAEGTTSGPSAPFSTLTPRLHLPCPQQPPQQQL | Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code . Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. Participates in transcriptional repression of neuronal genes by recruiting histone deacetylases and REST at neuron-restrictive silencer elements. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer-mediated transcriptional activation of the core clock component PER2 (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus
Expressed in all tissues examined. Highest levels found in brain and skeletal muscle. |
KDM5D_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MEPGCDEFLPPPECPVFEPSWAEFQDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRPPADWQPPFAVEVDNFRFTPRVQRLNELEAQTRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYERIIYPYEMFQSGANHVQCNTHPFDNEVKDKEYKPHSIPLRQSVQPSKFSSYSRRAKRLQPDPEPTEEDIEKHPELKKLQIYGPGPKMMGLGLMAKDKDKTVHKKVTCPPTVTVKDEQSGGGNVSSTLLKQHLSLEPCTKTTMQLRKNHSSAQFIDSYICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKCILAECKQPPEAFGFEQATQEYSLQSFGEMADSFKSDYFNMPVHMVPTELVEKEFWRLVSSIEEDVTVEYGADIHSKEFGSGFPVSNSKQNLSPEEKEYATSGWNLNVMPVLDQSVLCHINADISGMKVPWLYVGMVFSAFCWHIEDHWSYSINYLHWGEPKTWYGVPSLAAEHLEEVMKMLTPELFDSQPDLLHQLVTLMNPNTLMSHGVPVVRTNQCAGEFVITFPRAYHSGFNQGYNFAEAVNFCTADWLPAGRQCIEHYRRLRRYCVFSHEELICKMAAFPETLDLNLAVAVHKEMFIMVQEERRLRKALLEKGVTEAEREAFELLPDDERQCIKCKTTCFLSALACYDCPDGLVCLSHINDLCKCSSSRQYLRYRYTLDELPTMLHKLKIRAESFDTWANKVRVALEVEDGRKRSFEELRALESEARERRFPNSELLQRLKNCLSEVEACIAQVLGLVSGQVARMDTPQLTLTELRVLLEQMGSLPCAMHQIGDVKDVLEQVEAYQAEAREALATLPSSPGLLRSLLERGQQLGVEVPEAHQLQQQVEQAQWLDEVKQALAPSAHRGSLVIMQGLLVMGAKIASSPSVDKARAELQELLTIAERWEEKAHFCLEARQKHPPATLEAIIRETENIPVHLPNIQALKEALTKAQAWIADVDEIQNGDHYPCLDDLEGLVAVGRDLPVGLEELRQLELQVLTAHSWREKASKTFLKKNSCYTLLEVLCPCADAGSDSTKRSRWMEKALGLYQCDTELLGLSAQDLRDPGSVIVAFKEGEQKEKEGILQLRRTNSAKPSPLAPSLMASSPTSICVCGQVPAGVGVLQCDLCQDWFHGQCVSVPHLLTSPKPSLTSSPLLAWWEWDTKFLCPLCMRSRRPRLETILALLVALQRLPVRLPEGEALQCLTERAIGWQDRARKALASEDVTALLRQLAELRQQLQAKPRPEEASVYTSATACDPIREGSGNNISKVQGLLENGDSVTSPENMAPGKGSDLELLSSLLPQLTGPVLELPEAIRAPLEELMMEGDLLEVTLDENHSIWQLLQAGQPPDLDRIRTLLELEKFEHQGSRTRSRALERRRRRQKVDQGRNVENLVQQELQSKRARSSGIMSQVGREEEHYQEKADRENMFLTPSTDHSPFLKGNQNSLQHKDSGSSAACPSLMPLLQLSYSDEQQL | Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. May play a role in spermatogenesis. Involved in transcriptional repression of diverse metastasis-associated genes; in this function seems to cooperate with ZMYND8. Suppresses prostate cancer cell invasion. Regulates androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity by demethylating H3K4me3 active transcription marks.
Subcellular locations: Nucleus
Expression is highly down-regulated in metastatic prostate tumors. |
KDM5D_PANTR | Pan troglodytes | MEPGCNEFLPPPECPVFEPSWAEFQDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRPPADWQPPFAVEVDNFRFTPRIQRLNELEAQTRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYERIIYPYEMFQSGANHVQCNTHPFDNEVKDKEYKPHSIPLRQSVQPSKFSSYSRRAKRLQPDPEPTEEDIEKNPELKKLQIYGPGPKMMGLGLMAKDKDKTVHKKVTCPPTVTVKDEQSGGGNVSSTLLKQHLSLEPCTKTTMQLRKNHSSAQFIDSYICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKCILAECKQPPEAFGFEQATQEYTLQSFGEMADSFKSDYFNMPVHMVPTELLEKEFWRLVSSIEEDVTVEYGADIHYKEFGSGFPVSNSKQNLSPEEKEYATSGWNLNVMPVLAQSVLCHINADISGMKVPWLYVGMVFSAFCWHIEDHWSYSINYLHWGEPKTWYGVPSLAAEHLEEVMKMLTPELFDSQPDLLHQLVTLMNPNTLMSHGVPVVRTNQCAGEFVITFPRAYHSGFNQGYNFAEAVNFCTADWLPAGRQCIEHYRRLRRYCVFSHEELICKMAAFPETLDLNLAVAVHKEMFIMVQEERRLRKALLEKGVTEAEREAFELLPDDERQCIKCKTTCFLSALACYDCPDGLVCLSHINDLCKCSSSRQYLRYRYTLDELPTMLHKLKIRAESFDTWANKVRVALEVEDGRKRSFEELRALESEARERRFPNSELLQRLKNCLSEVEACIAQVLGLVSGQVARMDTPQLTLTELRVLLEQMGSLPCAMHQIGDVKDVLEQVEAYQDEAREALATLPSSPGLLRSLLERGQQLGVEVPEAHQLQQQVEQAQWLDEVKQALAPSAHRGSLVIMQGLLVMGAKIASSPSVDKARAELQELLTIAERWEEKAHFCLEARQKHPPATLEAIIRETENIPVHLPNIQALKEALTKAQAWIADVDEIQNGDHYPCLDDLEGLVAVGRDLPVGLEELRQLELQVLTAHSWREKASKTFLKKNSCYTLLEVLCPCADAGSDSTKRSRWMEKALGLYQCDTELLGLSAQDLRDPGSLIVAFKEGEQKEKEGILQLRRTNSAKPSPLAPSLMASSPTSICVCGQVPAGVGALQCDLCQDWFHGQCVSVPHLLTSPKPSLTSSPLLAWWEWDTKFLCPLCMRSRRPRLETILALLVALQRLPVRLPEGEALQCLTERAIGWQDRARKALASEDVTALLRHLAELRQQLQAKPRPVYTSATACDPIREGSGNNISKVQGLLENGDSVISPENMAPGKGSDLELLSSLLPQLTGPVLELPEAIRAPLEELMMEGDLLEVTLDENHSIWQLLQAGQPPDLDRIRTLLELEKFEHQGSRTRSRALERRRRQQKVDQGRNVENLVQQELQSKRARSSGIMSQVGREEEHYQEKADRENMFLTPSTDHSPSLKGNQNSLQHKDSGSSAACPSLMPWLQLSYSDEQQL | Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. May play a role in spermatogenesis. Involved in transcriptional repression of diverse metastasis-associated genes; in this function seems to cooperate with ZMYND8. Suppresses prostate cancer cell invasion. Regulates androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity by demethylating H3K4me3 active transcription marks (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus |
KDM6A_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MKSCGVSLATAAAAAAAFGDEEKKMAAGKASGESEEASPSLTAEEREALGGLDSRLFGFVRFHEDGARTKALLGKAVRCYESLILKAEGKVESDFFCQLGHFNLLLEDYPKALSAYQRYYSLQSDYWKNAAFLYGLGLVYFHYNAFQWAIKAFQEVLYVDPSFCRAKEIHLRLGLMFKVNTDYESSLKHFQLALVDCNPCTLSNAEIQFHIAHLYETQRKYHSAKEAYEQLLQTENLSAQVKATVLQQLGWMHHTVDLLGDKATKESYAIQYLQKSLEADPNSGQSWYFLGRCYSSIGKVQDAFISYRQSIDKSEASADTWCSIGVLYQQQNQPMDALQAYICAVQLDHGHAAAWMDLGTLYESCNQPQDAIKCYLNATRSKSCSNTSALAARIKYLQAQLCNLPQGSLQNKTKLLPSIEEAWSLPIPAELTSRQGAMNTAQQNTSDNWSGGHAVSHPPVQQQAHSWCLTPQKLQHLEQLRANRNNLNPAQKLMLEQLESQFVLMQQHQMRPTGVAQVRSTGIPNGPTADSSLPTNSVSGQQPQLALTRVPSVSQPGVRPACPGQPLANGPFSAGHVPCSTSRTLGSTDTILIGNNHITGSGSNGNVPYLQRNALTLPHNRTNLTSSAEEPWKNQLSNSTQGLHKGQSSHSAGPNGERPLSSTGPSQHLQAAGSGIQNQNGHPTLPSNSVTQGAALNHLSSHTATSGGQQGITLTKESKPSGNILTVPETSRHTGETPNSTASVEGLPNHVHQMTADAVCSPSHGDSKSPGLLSSDNPQLSALLMGKANNNVGTGTCDKVNNIHPAVHTKTDNSVASSPSSAISTATPSPKSTEQTTTNSVTSLNSPHSGLHTINGEGMEESQSPMKTDLLLVNHKPSPQIIPSMSVSIYPSSAEVLKACRNLGKNGLSNSSILLDKCPPPRPPSSPYPPLPKDKLNPPTPSIYLENKRDAFFPPLHQFCTNPNNPVTVIRGLAGALKLDLGLFSTKTLVEANNEHMVEVRTQLLQPADENWDPTGTKKIWHCESNRSHTTIAKYAQYQASSFQESLREENEKRSHHKDHSDSESTSSDNSGRRRKGPFKTIKFGTNIDLSDDKKWKLQLHELTKLPAFVRVVSAGNLLSHVGHTILGMNTVQLYMKVPGSRTPGHQENNNFCSVNINIGPGDCEWFVVPEGYWGVLNDFCEKNNLNFLMGSWWPNLEDLYEANVPVYRFIQRPGDLVWINAGTVHWVQAIGWCNNIAWNVGPLTACQYKLAVERYEWNKLQSVKSIVPMVHLSWNMARNIKVSDPKLFEMIKYCLLRTLKQCQTLREALIAAGKEIIWHGRTKEEPAHYCSICEVEVFDLLFVTNESNSRKTYIVHCQDCARKTSGNLENFVVLEQYKMEDLMQVYDQFTLAPPLPSASS | Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code ( ). Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-27' ( ). Plays a central role in regulation of posterior development, by regulating HOX gene expression . Demethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 is concomitant with methylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3, and regulates the recruitment of the PRC1 complex and monoubiquitination of histone H2A . Plays a demethylase-independent role in chromatin remodeling to regulate T-box family member-dependent gene expression (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus |
KDM6B_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MHRAVDPPGARAAREAFALGGLSCAGAWSSCPPHPPPRSAWLPGGRCSASIGQPPLPAPLPPSHGSSSGHPSKPYYAPGAPTPRPLHGKLESLHGCVQALLREPAQPGLWEQLGQLYESEHDSEEATRCYHSALRYGGSFAELGPRIGRLQQAQLWNFHTGSCQHRAKVLPPLEQVWNLLHLEHKRNYGAKRGGPPVKRAAEPPVVQPVPPAALSGPSGEEGLSPGGKRRRGCNSEQTGLPPGLPLPPPPLPPPPPPPPPPPPPLPGLATSPPFQLTKPGLWSTLHGDAWGPERKGSAPPERQEQRHSLPHPYPYPAPAYTAHPPGHRLVPAAPPGPGPRPPGAESHGCLPATRPPGSDLRESRVQRSRMDSSVSPAATTACVPYAPSRPPGLPGTTTSSSSSSSSNTGLRGVEPNPGIPGADHYQTPALEVSHHGRLGPSAHSSRKPFLGAPAATPHLSLPPGPSSPPPPPCPRLLRPPPPPAWLKGPACRAAREDGEILEELFFGTEGPPRPAPPPLPHREGFLGPPASRFSVGTQDSHTPPTPPTPTTSSSNSNSGSHSSSPAGPVSFPPPPYLARSIDPLPRPPSPAQNPQDPPLVPLTLALPPAPPSSCHQNTSGSFRRPESPRPRVSFPKTPEVGPGPPPGPLSKAPQPVPPGVGELPARGPRLFDFPPTPLEDQFEEPAEFKILPDGLANIMKMLDESIRKEEEQQQHEAGVAPQPPLKEPFASLQSPFPTDTAPTTTAPAVAVTTTTTTTTTTTATQEEEKKPPPALPPPPPLAKFPPPSQPQPPPPPPPSPASLLKSLASVLEGQKYCYRGTGAAVSTRPGPLPTTQYSPGPPSGATALPPTSAAPSAQGSPQPSASSSSQFSTSGGPWARERRAGEEPVPGPMTPTQPPPPLSLPPARSESEVLEEISRACETLVERVGRSATDPADPVDTAEPADSGTERLLPPAQAKEEAGGVAAVSGSCKRRQKEHQKEHRRHRRACKDSVGRRPREGRAKAKAKVPKEKSRRVLGNLDLQSEEIQGREKSRPDLGGASKAKPPTAPAPPSAPAPSAQPTPPSASVPGKKAREEAPGPPGVSRADMLKLRSLSEGPPKELKIRLIKVESGDKETFIASEVEERRLRMADLTISHCAADVVRASRNAKVKGKFRESYLSPAQSVKPKINTEEKLPREKLNPPTPSIYLESKRDAFSPVLLQFCTDPRNPITVIRGLAGSLRLNLGLFSTKTLVEASGEHTVEVRTQVQQPSDENWDLTGTRQIWPCESSRSHTTIAKYAQYQASSFQESLQEEKESEDEESEEPDSTTGTPPSSAPDPKNHHIIKFGTNIDLSDAKRWKPQLQELLKLPAFMRVTSTGNMLSHVGHTILGMNTVQLYMKVPGSRTPGHQENNNFCSVNINIGPGDCEWFAVHEHYWETISAFCDRHGVDYLTGSWWPILDDLYASNIPVYRFVQRPGDLVWINAGTVHWVQATGWCNNIAWNVGPLTAYQYQLALERYEWNEVKNVKSIVPMIHVSWNVARTVKISDPDLFKMIKFCLLQSMKHCQVQRESLVRAGKKIAYQGRVKDEPAYYCNECDVEVFNILFVTSENGSRNTYLVHCEGCARRRSAGLQGVVVLEQYRTEELAQAYDAFTLAPASTSR | Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code ( , ). Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated H3 'Lys-27' ( , ). Plays a central role in regulation of posterior development, by regulating HOX gene expression . Involved in inflammatory response by participating in macrophage differentiation in case of inflammation by regulating gene expression and macrophage differentiation . Plays a demethylase-independent role in chromatin remodeling to regulate T-box family member-dependent gene expression by acting as a link between T-box factors and the SMARCA4-containing SWI/SNF remodeling complex (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus |
KHDC1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLSAFQRLFRVLFVIETVSEYGVLIFIYGWPFLQTLAMLLIGTVSFHLWIRRNRERNSRSGKTRCRSKRSEQSMDMGTSALSKKPWWTLPQNFHAPMVFHMEEDQEELIFGHGDTYLRCIEVHSHTLIQLESWFTATGQTRVTVVGPHRARQWLLHMFCCVGSQDSYHHARGLEMLERVRSQPLTNDDLVTSISVPPYTGDLSLAPRISGTVCLSVPQPSPYQVIGCSGFHLSSLYP | Subcellular locations: Membrane |
KHDC3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MDAPRRFPTLVQLMQPKAMPVEVLGHLPKRFSWFHSEFLKNPKVVRLEVWLVEKIFGRGGERIPHVQGMSQILIHVNRLDPNGEAEILVFGRPSYQEDTIKMIMNLADYHRQLQAKGSGKALAQDVATQKAETQRSSIEVREAGTQRSVEVREAGTQRSVEVQEVGTQGSPVEVQEAGTQQSLQAANKSGTQRSPEAASKAVTQRFREDARDPVTRL | As part of the OOEP-KHDC3 scaffold, recruits BLM and TRIM25 to DNA replication forks, thereby promoting the ubiquitination of BLM by TRIM25, enhancing BLM retainment at replication forks and therefore promoting stalled replication fork restart (By similarity). Regulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair via recruitment of RAD51 to sites of DNA double-strand breaks, and sustainment of PARP1 activity, which in turn modulates downstream ATM or ATR activation . Activation of ATM or ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks may be cell-type specific (By similarity). Its role in DNA double-strand break repair is independent of its role in restarting stalled replication forks (By similarity). As a member of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), plays an essential role for zygotes to progress beyond the first embryonic cell divisions via regulation of actin dynamics (By similarity). Required for maintenance of euploidy during cleavage-stage embryogenesis (By similarity). Required for the formation of F-actin cytoplasmic lattices in oocytes which in turn are responsible for symmetric division of zygotes via the regulation of mitotic spindle formation and positioning (By similarity). Ensures proper spindle assembly by regulating the localization of AURKA via RHOA signaling and of PLK1 via a RHOA-independent process (By similarity). Required for the localization of MAD2L1 to kinetochores to enable spindle assembly checkpoint function (By similarity). Promotes neural stem cell neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus (By similarity). May regulate normal development of learning, memory and anxiety (By similarity). Capable of binding RNA (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cell cortex, Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Microtubule organizing center, Centrosome, Chromosome
Localized to centrosomes during interphase and mitosis (By similarity). Localizes to sites of DNA double-strand break repair .
Expression appears to be maximal in germinal vesicle oocytes, it tails off through metaphase II oocytes and is undetectable following the completion of the oocyte to embryo transition. |
KHDC3_MACMU | Macaca mulatta | MDTPRRFPTLVQLMQPKAMPVEVLGHLPKRFSWFHSEFLKNPKVVRLEVWLVEKIFGRDRERIPHVQGMSQILIHVNRLDPNGEAEILVFGRPSYQEDTIKMIMNLADYHRQLQAKGSGKALAQDVATKKAEIQLSSTEVREAGTQRSVEVREVGTQGSPVEVRETGTQQSLEAANQSGTQRSPEAASKAVTQRFSEDTRAPVTRL | As part of the OOEP-KHDC3 scaffold, recruits BLM and TRIM25 to DNA replication forks, thereby promoting the ubiquitination of BLM by TRIM25, enhancing BLM retainment at replication forks and therefore promoting stalled replication fork restart . Regulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair via recruitment of RAD51 to sites of DNA double-strand breaks, and sustainment of PARP1 activity, which in turn modulates downstream ATM activation . Activation of ATM or ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks may be cell-type specific (By similarity). Its role in DNA double-strand break repair is independent of its role in restarting stalled replication forks (By similarity). As a member of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), plays an essential role for zygotes to progress beyond the first embryonic cell divisions via regulation of actin dynamics (By similarity). Required for maintenance of euploidy during cleavage-stage embryogenesis (By similarity). Required for the formation of F-actin cytoplasmic lattices in oocytes which in turn are responsible for symmetric division of zygotes via the regulation of mitotic spindle formation and positioning (By similarity). Ensures proper spindle assembly by regulating the localization of AURKA via RHOA signaling and of PLK1 via a RHOA-independent process (By similarity). Required for the localization of MAD2L1 to kinetochores to enable spindle assembly checkpoint function (By similarity). Promotes neural stem cell neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus. May regulate normal development of learning, memory and anxiety (By similarity). Capable of binding RNA (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cell cortex, Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Microtubule organizing center, Centrosome, Chromosome
Localized to centrosomes during interphase and mitosis (By similarity). Localizes to sites of DNA double-strand break repair (By similarity). |
KHDC4_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSAGSATHPGAGGRRSKWDQPAPAPLLFLPPAAPGGEVTSSGGSPGGTTAAPSGALDAAAAVAAKINAMLMAKGKLKPTQNASEKLQAPGKGLTSNKSKDDLVVAEVEINDVPLTCRNLLTRGQTQDEISRLSGAAVSTRGRFMTTEEKAKVGPGDRPLYLHVQGQTRELVDRAVNRIKEIITNGVVKAATGTSPTFNGATVTVYHQPAPIAQLSPAVSQKPPFQSGMHYVQDKLFVGLEHAVPTFNVKEKVEGPGCSYLQHIQIETGAKVFLRGKGSGCIEPASGREAFEPMYIYISHPKPEGLAAAKKLCENLLQTVHAEYSRFVNQINTAVPLPGYTQPSAISSVPPQPPYYPSNGYQSGYPVVPPPQQPVQPPYGVPSIVPPAVSLAPGVLPALPTGVPPVPTQYPITQVQPPASTGQSPMGGPFIPAAPVKTALPAGPQPQPQPQPPLPSQPQAQKRRFTEELPDERESGLLGYQHGPIHMTNLGTGFSSQNEIEGAGSKPASSSGKERERDRQLMPPPAFPVTGIKTESDERNGSGTLTGSHDYPAKKMKTTEKGFGLVAYAADSSDEEEEHGGHKNASSFPQGWSLGYQYPSSQPRAKQQMPFWMAP | RNA-binding protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing . Interacts with the PRP19C/Prp19 complex/NTC/Nineteen complex which is part of the spliceosome . Involved in regulating splice site selection . Binds preferentially RNA with A/C rich sequences and poly-C stretches .
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Cytoplasm
Ubiquitous. Expressed at high level in skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain and liver. |
KHDCL_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAVGTSALSKEPWWTLPENFHSPMVFHMEEDQEELIFGLDDTYLRCIELHSHTLIQLERCFTATGQTRVTVVGPPMAKQWLLLMFHCVGSQDSKCHARGLKMLERVRSQPLTNDDLVTSVSLPPYTGD | null |
KHDR1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MQRRDDPAARMSRSSGRSGSMDPSGAHPSVRQTPSRQPPLPHRSRGGGGGSRGGARASPATQPPPLLPPSATGPDATVGGPAPTPLLPPSATASVKMEPENKYLPELMAEKDSLDPSFTHAMQLLTAEIEKIQKGDSKKDDEENYLDLFSHKNMKLKERVLIPVKQYPKFNFVGKILGPQGNTIKRLQEETGAKISVLGKGSMRDKAKEEELRKGGDPKYAHLNMDLHVFIEVFGPPCEAYALMAHAMEEVKKFLVPDMMDDICQEQFLELSYLNGVPEPSRGRGVPVRGRGAAPPPPPVPRGRGVGPPRGALVRGTPVRGAITRGATVTRGVPPPPTVRGAPAPRARTAGIQRIPLPPPPAPETYEEYGYDDTYAEQSYEGYEGYYSQSQGDSEYYDYGHGEVQDSYEAYGQDDWNGTRPSLKAPPARPVKGAYREHPYGRY | Recruited and tyrosine phosphorylated by several receptor systems, for example the T-cell, leptin and insulin receptors. Once phosphorylated, functions as an adapter protein in signal transduction cascades by binding to SH2 and SH3 domain-containing proteins. Role in G2-M progression in the cell cycle. Represses CBP-dependent transcriptional activation apparently by competing with other nuclear factors for binding to CBP. Also acts as a putative regulator of mRNA stability and/or translation rates and mediates mRNA nuclear export. Positively regulates the association of constitutive transport element (CTE)-containing mRNA with large polyribosomes and translation initiation. According to some authors, is not involved in the nucleocytoplasmic export of unspliced (CTE)-containing RNA species according to . RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing and influences mRNA splice site selection and exon inclusion. Binds to RNA containing 5'-[AU]UAA-3' as a bipartite motif spaced by more than 15 nucleotides. Binds poly(A). Can regulate CD44 alternative splicing in a Ras pathway-dependent manner (By similarity). In cooperation with HNRNPA1 modulates alternative splicing of BCL2L1 by promoting splicing toward isoform Bcl-X(S), and of SMN1 (, ). Can regulate alternative splicing of NRXN1 and NRXN3 in the laminin G-like domain 6 containing the evolutionary conserved neurexin alternative spliced segment 4 (AS4) involved in neurexin selective targeting to postsynaptic partners. In a neuronal activity-dependent manner cooperates synergistically with KHDRBS2/SLIM-1 in regulation of NRXN1 exon skipping at AS4. The cooperation with KHDRBS2/SLIM-1 is antagonistic for regulation of NXRN3 alternative splicing at AS4 (By similarity).
Isoform 3, which is expressed in growth-arrested cells only, inhibits S phase.
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Membrane
Predominantly located in the nucleus but also located partially in the cytoplasm.
Ubiquitously expressed in all tissue examined. Isoform 1 is expressed at lower levels in brain, skeletal muscle, and liver whereas isoform 3 is intensified in skeletal muscle and in liver. |
KIBRA_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MPRPELPLPEGWEEARDFDGKVYYIDHTNRTTSWIDPRDRYTKPLTFADCISDELPLGWEEAYDPQVGDYFIDHNTKTTQIEDPRVQWRREQEHMLKDYLVVAQEALSAQKEIYQVKQQRLELAQQEYQQLHAVWEHKLGSQVSLVSGSSSSSKYDPEILKAEIATAKSRVNKLKREMVHLQHELQFKERGFQTLKKIDKKMSDAQGSYKLDEAQAVLRETKAIKKAITCGEKEKQDLIKSLAMLKDGFRTDRGSHSDLWSSSSSLESSSFPLPKQYLDVSSQTDISGSFGINSNNQLAEKVRLRLRYEEAKRRIANLKIQLAKLDSEAWPGVLDSERDRLILINEKEELLKEMRFISPRKWTQGEVEQLEMARKRLEKDLQAARDTQSKALTERLKLNSKRNQLVRELEEATRQVATLHSQLKSLSSSMQSLSSGSSPGSLTSSRGSLVASSLDSSTSASFTDLYYDPFEQLDSELQSKVEFLLLEGATGFRPSGCITTIHEDEVAKTQKAEGGGRLQALRSLSGTPKSMTSLSPRSSLSSPSPPCSPLMADPLLAGDAFLNSLEFEDPELSATLCELSLGNSAQERYRLEEPGTEGKQLGQAVNTAQGCGLKVACVSAAVSDESVAGDSGVYEASVQRLGASEAAAFDSDESEAVGATRIQIALKYDEKNKQFAILIIQLSNLSALLQQQDQKVNIRVAVLPCSESTTCLFRTRPLDASDTLVFNEVFWVSMSYPALHQKTLRVDVCTTDRSHLEECLGGAQISLAEVCRSGERSTRWYNLLSYKYLKKQSRELKPVGVMAPASGPASTDAVSALLEQTAVELEKRQEGRSSTQTLEDSWRYEETSENEAVAEEEEEEVEEEEGEEDVFTEKASPDMDGYPALKVDKETNTETPAPSPTVVRPKDRRVGTPSQGPFLRGSTIIRSKTFSPGPQSQYVCRLNRSDSDSSTLSKKPPFVRNSLERRSVRMKRPSSVKSLRSERLIRTSLDLELDLQATRTWHSQLTQEISVLKELKEQLEQAKSHGEKELPQWLREDERFRLLLRMLEKRQMDRAEHKGELQTDKMMRAAAKDVHRLRGQSCKEPPEVQSFREKMAFFTRPRMNIPALSADDV | Negative regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway . Enhances phosphorylation of LATS1 and YAP1 and negatively regulates cell proliferation and organ growth due to a suppression of the transcriptional activity of YAP1, the major effector of the Hippo pathway . Along with NF2 can synergistically induce the phosphorylation of LATS1 and LATS2 and function in the regulation of Hippo signaling pathway . Acts as a transcriptional coactivator of ESR1 which plays an essential role in DYNLL1-mediated ESR1 transactivation . Regulates collagen-stimulated activation of the ERK/MAPK cascade . Modulates directional migration of podocytes . Plays a role in cognition and memory performance . Plays an important role in regulating AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs) trafficking underlying synaptic plasticity and learning (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, Perinuclear region, Nucleus, Cell projection, Ruffle membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytosol
Colocalizes with PRKCZ in the perinuclear region.
Expressed in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines. Found in the luminal epithelium surrounding the ducts in the normal breast. In the brain, expressed in somatodendritic compartment of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and in the cerebellum it is found in the Purkinje cells and some granule cells (at protein level). Detected in brain, heart, colon and kidney. In the kidney, expressed in glomerular podocytes, in some tubules and in the collecting duct. |
KICS2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGESIPLAAPVPVEQAVLETFFSHLGIFSYDKAKDNVEKEREANKSAGGSWLSLLAALAHLAAAEKVYHSLTYLGQKLGGQSFFSRKDSIRTIYTSLHNELKKVVTGRGALGGTAPHVEELLSHLSEQLCFFVQARMEIADFYEKMYTLSTQKFINAEELVGLLDAIMKKYSSRFHHPILSPLESSFQLEVDVLCHLLKAQAQVSEWKFLPSLVNLHSAHTKLQTWGQIFEKQRETKKHLFGGQSQKAVQPPHLFLWLMKLKNMLLAKFSFYFHEALSRQTTASEMKTLTAKANPDFFGKISSFIRKYDAANVSLIFDNRGSESFQGHGYHHPHSYREAPKGVDQYPAVVSLPSDRPVMHWPNVIMIMTDRTSDLNSLEKVVHFYDDKVQSTYFLTRPEPHFTIVIIFESKKSERDSHFISFLNEVSLALKNPKVFASLKPGAKG | As part of the KICSTOR complex functions in the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway. Recruits, in an amino acid-independent manner, the GATOR1 complex to the lysosomal membranes and allows its interaction with GATOR2 and the RAG GTPases. Functions upstream of the RAG GTPases and is required to negatively regulate mTORC1 signaling in absence of amino acids. In absence of the KICSTOR complex mTORC1 is constitutively localized to the lysosome and activated. The KICSTOR complex is also probably involved in the regulation of mTORC1 by glucose.
Subcellular locations: Lysosome membrane |
KILIN_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MDRPGPGSARPGRTVHVWGYRVEWKVRNGRKLQPSEWAGRGDLGGFKRRWKDTRATVGTTFRRRSRVSLVGELSKFPLPSDSSGGKSSSSFARGALAWCRQRNPNPSCAAAETGARTSLPKERCRGWRLGNWLHKHPHPNTCPRLPACWLPPILTERGERVPKLVPLLACYPKSKPKD | DNA-binding protein involved in S phase checkpoint control-coupled apoptosis by mediating p53/TP53-induced apoptosis. Has the ability to inhibit DNA synthesis and S phase arrest coupled to apoptosis. Has affinity to both double- and single-stranded DNA.
Subcellular locations: Nucleus |
KIME_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLSEVLLVSAPGKVILHGEHAVVHGKVALAVSLNLRTFLRLQPHSNGKVDLSLPNIGIKRAWDVARLQSLDTSFLEQGDVTTPTSEQVEKLKEVAGLPDDCAVTERLAVLAFLYLYLSICRKQRALPSLDIVVWSELPPGAGLGSSAAYSVCLAAALLTVCEEIPNPLKDGDCVNRWTKEDLELINKWAFQGERMIHGNPSGVDNAVSTWGGALRYHQGKISSLKRSPALQILLTNTKVPRNTRALVAGVRNRLLKFPEIVAPLLTSIDAISLECERVLGEMGEAPAPEQYLVLEELIDMNQHHLNALGVGHASLDQLCQVTRARGLHSKLTGAGGGGCGITLLKPGLEQPEVEATKQALTSCGFDCLETSIGAPGVSIHSATSLDSRVQQALDGL | Catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonate to mevalonate 5-phosphate, a key step in isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis ( , ).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Peroxisome |
KLD7A_PONAB | Pongo abelii | DWHLDMQLTGKVVLSAAALLLVTVAYRLYKSRPAPAQRWGGNAQAEAKEEAQGSGQPAVQEASPGVLLTGPRRRRSSKGAEAPQGCSCENPRGPYVLVTGATSTDRKSQRKGSGEERGGQSSDSEQVPPCCRGQETRTAVSGNPDPPHLPRLGSEPNSSPAGLIAAADGSCAGGELSPPQDSKPPEHPGLGQLEPPHCHHPAPLQGSSDMNQSWVFTRVIGVNREEAGALEAASDVGLTLHQQEGAPNASYTFSSIARVRMEENFIQKVEGVEPRLKGKVYDYYVESTSQAIFQGRLAPRTAALTEVPSPRPPPRSLGTGAASGGQAGDTKGAAERAASPQPGPSPSTRGFSRKESLLQIAENPELQLQPDGFWLPAPPCPDPGALPGSGRSSQEPHVQLVAGTNFFHIPLTSASAPQVHLDLGNCYEVLTLAKRQNLEALKEAAYKVMSENYLQVLRSPDIYGCLSGAERELILQRRLQGRQYLVVADVSPKEDSGGLCCYDDELDVWRPLARLPPEAVSRGCAICSLFNYLFVVSGCQGPGHQPSSRVFCYNPLTGIWSEVCPLNQARPHCRLVALDGHLYAIGGECLNSVERYDPRLDRWDFAPPLPNDTFALAHTATACAKEIFVTGGSLRFLLFRFSAQEQRWWAGPAGGSKDRTAEMVAVNGFLYRFDLNRSLGIAVYRCSASTRLWYECATYRTPYPDAFQCAVVDNLIYCVGRRSTLCFLADSVSPRFVPKELRSFPAPQGTLLPTVLTLPTPDLPQTRV | Subcellular locations: Membrane |
KLD7B_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MVLRSHPFPRQDRPQGSVPRAVPGSPVGPSTSTHSEDRHGPSSSVGTVIGTGTGGLVEAGGQPQPRSSETNGSPSPDPPPGLRGEGTREKSLDPLPQAAMPRGPAQPPAQRPPGPAASSSARRSQPVPQLRKRSRCEIAPSSEQEVRPAASGDPQGEAPGEGGSPAGRSGALTEKQEEARKLMVFLQRPGGWGVVEGPRKPSSRALEPATAAALRRRLDLGSCLDVLAFAQQHGEPGLAQETYALMSDNLLRVLGDPCLYRRLSAADRERILSLRTGRGRAVLGVLVLPSLYQGGRSGLPRGPRGEEPPAAAPVSLPLPAHLHVFNPRENTWRPLTQVPEEAPLRGCGLCTMHNYLFLAGGIRGSGAKAVCSNEVFCYNPLTNIWSQVRPMQQARAQLKLVALDGLLYAIGGECLYSMECYDPRTDAWTPRAPLPAGTFPVAHEAVACRGDIYVTGGHLFYRLLRYSPVKDAWDECPYSASHRRSSDIVALGGFLYRFDLLRGVGAAVMRYNTVTGSWSRAASLPLPAPAPLHCTTLGNTIYCLNPQVTATFTVSGGTAQFQAKELQPFPLGSTGVLSPFILTLPPEDRLQTSL | null |
KLD8A_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MEVPNVKDFQWKRLAPLPSRRVYCSLLETGGQVYAIGGCDDNGVPMDCFEVYSPEADQWTALPRLPTARAGVAVTALGKRIMVIGGVGTNQLPLKVVEMYNIDEGKWKKRSMLREAAMGISVTAKDYRVYAAGGMGLDLRPHNHLQHYDMLKDMWVSLAPMPTPRYAATSFLRGSKIYVLGGRQSKYAVNAFEVFDIETRSWTKFPNIPYKRAFSSFVTLDNHLYSLGGLRQGRLYRQPKFLRTMDVFDMEQGGWLKMERSFFLKKRRADFVAGSLSGRVIVAGGLGNQPTVLETAEAFHPGKNKWEILPAMPTPRCACSSIVVKNCLLAVGGVNQGLSDAVEALCVSDS | null |
KLD8B_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSAGGGRAFAWQVFPPMPTCRVYGTVAHQDGHLLVLGGCGRAGLPLDTAETLDMASHTWLALAPLPTARAGAAAVVLGKQVLVVGGVDEVQSPVAAVEAFLMDEGRWERRATLPQAAMGVATVERDGMVYALGGMGPDTAPQAQVRVYEPRRDCWLSLPSMPTPCYGASTFLHGNKIYVLGGRQGKLPVTAFEAFDLEARTWTRHPSLPSRRAFAGCAMAEGSVFSLGGLQQPGPHNFYSRPHFVNTVEMFDLEHGSWTKLPRSLRMRDKRADFVVGSLGGHIVAIGGLGNQPCPLGSVESFSLARRRWEALPAMPTARCSCSSLQAGPRLFVIGGVAQGPSQAVEALCLRDGV | Involved in pinching off the separated nuclei at the cleavage furrow and in cytokinesis . Required for mitotic integrity and maintenance of chromosomal stability. Protects cells against mitotic errors, centrosomal amplification, micronucleus formation and aneuploidy. Plays a key role of midbody function involving abscission of the daughter cells during cytokinesis and appropriate chromosomal and nuclear segregation into the daughter cells (, ).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Midbody
In mitotic cells, concentrates in the midbody of the cytoplasmic bridge linking daughter cells as they are about to separate during cytokinesis. |
KLD8B_PONAB | Pongo abelii | MSAGGGRAFAWQVFPPMPTCRVYGTVAHQDEHLLVLGGCGRAGLPLDTAETLDMASHTWLALAPLPTARAGAAAVVLGKQVLVVGGVDEVQSPVAAVEAFLMDEGRWERRATLPQAAMGVATVERDGMVYALGGMGPDTAPQAQVRVYEPRRDCWLSLPSMPTPCYGASTFLHGNKIYVLGGRQGKLPVTAFEAFDLEARTWTRHPSLPSRRAFAGCAMAEGSVFSLGGLQQPGPHNFYSRPHFVNTVEMFDLEHGSWTKLPRSLRMRDKRADFVVGSLGGHIVAIGGLGNQPCPLGSVESFSLARRRWEALPAMPTARCSCSSLQAGPRLFVIGGVAQGPSQAVEALCLRDGV | Involved in pinching off the separated nuclei at the cleavage furrow and in cytokinesis. Required for mitotic integrity and maintenance of chromosomal stability. Protects cells against mitotic errors, centrosomal amplification, micronucleus formation and aneuploidy. Plays a key role of midbody function involving abscission of the daughter cells during cytokinesis and appropriate chromosomal and nuclear segregation into the daughter cells.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Midbody
In mitotic cells, concentrates in the midbody of the cytoplasmic bridge linking daughter cells as they are about to separate during cytokinesis. |
KLDC1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MADSQLFCVAEERSGHCAVVDGNFLYVWGGYVSIEDNEVYLPNDEIWTYDIDSGLWRMHLMEGELPASMSGSCGACINGKLYIFGGYDDKGYSNRLYFVNLRTRDETYIWEKITDFEGQPPTPRDKLSCWVYKDRLIYFGGYGCRRHSELQDCFDVHDASWEEQIFWGWHNDVHIFDTKTQTWFQPEIKGGVPPQPRAAHTCAVLGNKGYIFGGRVLQTRMNDLHYLNLDTWTWSGRITINGESPKHRSWHTLTPIADDKLFLCGGLSADNIPLSDGWIHNVTTNCWKQLTHLPKTRPRLWHTACLGKENEIMVFGGSKDDLLALDTGHCNDLLIFQTQPYSLLRSCLDCIGKNSIMLESQISLLPPKLLQQVLKKITFWAAANHREEQRVQKEETENKYQWISSN | Substrate-recognition component of a Cul5-RING (CRL5) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation . The C-degron recognized by the DesCEND pathway is usually a motif of less than ten residues and can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms . The CRL5(KLHDC1) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of truncated SELENOS selenoprotein produced by failed UGA/Sec decoding, which ends with a glycine .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytosol
Widely expressed, with high levels in skeletal muscle, pancreas and liver. Undetectable in peripheral blood leukocytes. |
KLDC2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MADGNEDLRADDLPGPAFESYESMELACPAERSGHVAVSDGRHMFVWGGYKSNQVRGLYDFYLPREELWIYNMETGRWKKINTEGDVPPSMSGSCAVCVDRVLYLFGGHHSRGNTNKFYMLDSRSTDRVLQWERIDCQGIPPSSKDKLGVWVYKNKLIFFGGYGYLPEDKVLGTFEFDETSFWNSSHPRGWNDHVHILDTETFTWSQPITTGKAPSPRAAHACATVGNRGFVFGGRYRDARMNDLHYLNLDTWEWNELIPQGICPVGRSWHSLTPVSSDHLFLFGGFTTDKQPLSDAWTYCISKNEWIQFNHPYTEKPRLWHTACASDEGEVIVFGGCANNLLVHHRAAHSNEILIFSVQPKSLVRLSLEAVICFKEMLANSWNCLPKHLLHSVNQRFGSNNTSGS | Substrate-recognition component of a Cul2-RING (CRL2) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation ( ). The C-degron recognized by the DesCEND pathway is usually a motif of less than ten residues and can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms ( ). The CRL2(KLHDC2) complex specifically recognizes proteins with a diglycine (Gly-Gly) at the C-terminus, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation ( ). The CRL2(KLHDC2) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of truncated SELENOK and SELENOS selenoproteins produced by failed UGA/Sec decoding, which end with a diglycine (, ). The CRL2(KLHDC2) complex also recognizes proteolytically cleaved proteins ending with Gly-Gly, such as the N-terminal fragment of USP1, leading to their degradation (, ). May also act as an indirect repressor of CREB3-mediated transcription by interfering with CREB3-DNA-binding .
Subcellular locations: Nucleus
Widely expressed, with high levels in skeletal muscle, heart, pancreas and liver (, ). Undetectable in peripheral blood leukocytes . |
KLDC3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLRWTVHLEGGPRRVNHAAVAVGHRVYSFGGYCSGEDYETLRQIDVHIFNAVSLRWTKLPPVKSAIRGQAPVVPYMRYGHSTVLIDDTVLLWGGRNDTEGACNVLYAFDVNTHKWFTPRVSGTVPGARDGHSACVLGKIMYIFGGYEQQADCFSNDIHKLDTSTMTWTLICTKGSPARWRDFHSATMLGSHMYVFGGRADRFGPFHSNNEIYCNRIRVFDTRTEAWLDCPPTPVLPEGRRSHSAFGYNGELYIFGGYNARLNRHFHDLWKFNPVSFTWKKIEPKGKGPCPRRRQCCCIVGDKIVLFGGTSPSPEEGLGDEFDLIDHSDLHILDFSPSLKTLCKLAVIQYNLDQSCLPHDIRWELNAMTTNSNISRPIVSSHG | Substrate-recognition component of a Cul2-RING (CRL2) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation (, ). The C-degron recognized by the DesCEND pathway is usually a motif of less than ten residues and can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms (, ). The CRL2(KLHDC3) complex specifically recognizes proteins with a glycine (Gly) at the C-terminus, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation: recognizes the C-terminal -Arg-(Xaa)n-Arg-Gly, -Arg-(Xaa)n-Lys-Gly, and -Arg-(Xaa)n-Gln-Gly degrons (, ). The CRL2(KLHDC3) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of truncated SELENOV and SEPHS2 selenoproteins produced by failed UGA/Sec decoding, which end with a glycine . May be involved in meiotic recombination process .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm |
KLH36_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MMEGSRQTRVSRPYKISESSKVYRWADHSSTVLQRLNEQRLRGLFCDVVLVADEQRVPAHRNLLAVCSDYFNSMFTIGMREAFQKEVELIGASYIGLKAVVDFLYGGELVLDGGNIDYVLETAHLLQIWTVVDFCCEYLEQEVSEDNYLYLQELASIYSLKRLDAFIDGFILNHFGTLSFTPDFLQNVSMQKLCVYLSSSEVQRECEHDLLQAALQWLTQQPEREAHARQVLENIHFPLIPKNDLLHRVKPAVCSLLPKEANCEGFIEEAVRYHNNLAAQPVMQTKRTALRTNQERLLFVGGEVSERCLELSDDTCYLDAKSEQWVKETPLPARRSHHCVAVLGGFIFIAGGSFSRDNGGDAASNLLYRYDPRCKQWIKVASMNQRRVDFYLASIEDMLVAIGGRNENGALSSVETYSPKTDSWSYVAGLPRFTYGHAGTIYKDFVYISGGHDYQIGPYRKNLLCYDHRTDVWEERRPMTTARGWHSMCSLGDSIYSIGGSDDNIESMERFDVLGVEAYSPQCNQWTRVAPLLHANSESGVAVWEGRIYILGGYSWENTAFSKTVQVYDREADKWSRGVDLPKAIAGGSACVCALEPRPEDKKKKGKGKRHQDRGQ | Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. |
KLH38_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MDEESLDGLLFKDHDFSSDLLRQLNSLRQSRILTDVSICAGAREIPCHRNVLASSSPYFRAMFCSSFREKSEAKVQLKGIDPPTLDQIVSYVYTGEAHIATDNVLPVMEAASMLQFPKLFEACSSYLQSQLAPSNCLGMIRLSEILSCETLKKKAREVALTSFPEVAASADLKELCALELRDYLGDDGLCGEEEKVFEALMVWIKHDLQARKRYMQELFKQVRLQYIHPAFFHHFIANDALLQSSPACQIILETAKRQMFSLCGTTVPDCKLLLHVPPRNSYQDFLILLGGRKDSQQTTRDVLLYSKQTGQWQSLAKLPTRLYKASAITLHRSIYVLGGMAVSSGRSLVSHNVYIFSLKLNQWRLGEPMLVARYSHRSTAHKNFIFSIGGIGEGQELMGSMERYDSICNVWESMASMPVGVLHPAVAVKDQRLYLFGGEDIMQNPVRLIQVYHISRNSWFKMETRMIKNVCAPAVVLGERIVIVGGYTRRILAYDPQSNKFVKCADMKDRRMHHGATVMGNKLYVTGGRRLTTDCNIEDSASFDCYDPETDTWTSQGQLPHKLFDHACLTLQCIPRTSGLP | null |
KLH40_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MALGLEQAEEQRLYQQTLLQDGLKDMLDHGKFLDCVVRAGEREFPCHRLVLAACSPYFRARFLAEPERAGELHLEEVSPDVVAQVLHYLYTSEIALDEASVQDLFAAAHRFQIPSIFTICVSFLQKRLCLSNCLAVFRLGLLLDCARLAVAARDFICAHFTLVARDADFLGLSADELIAIISSDGLNVEKEEAVFEAVMRWAGSGDAEAQAERQRALPTVFESVRCRLLPRAFLESRVERHPLVRAQPELLRKVQMVKDAHEGRITTLRKKKKGKDGAGAKEADKGTSKAKAEEDEEAERILPGILNDTLRFGMFLQDLIFMISEEGAVAYDPAANECYCASLSNQVPKNHVSLVTKENQVFVAGGLFYNEDNKEDPMSAYFLQFDHLDSEWLGMPPLPSPRCLFGLGEALNSIYVVGGREIKDGERCLDSVMCYDRLSFKWGESDPLPYVVYGHTVLSHMDLVYVIGGKGSDRKCLNKMCVYDPKKFEWKELAPMQTARSLFGATVHDGRIIVAAGVTDTGLTSSAEVYSITDNKWAPFEAFPQERSSLSLVSLVGTLYAIGGFATLETESGELVPTELNDIWRYNEEEKKWEGVLREIAYAAGATFLPVRLNVLCLTKM | Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that acts as a key regulator of skeletal muscle development . The BCR(KLHL40) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of TFDP1, thereby regulating the activity of the E2F:DP transcription factor complex (By similarity). Promotes stabilization of LMOD3 by acting as a negative regulator of LMOD3 ubiquitination; the molecular process by which it negatively regulates ubiquitination of LMOD3 is however unclear (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, Myofibril, Sarcomere, A band, Cytoplasm, Myofibril, Sarcomere, I band
Highly expressed in fetal (19, 23 and 31 weeks of gestation) and adult skeletal muscle; expression levels tend to be higher in fetal compared to postnatal muscles (at protein level). Also expressed in fetal and adult heart. |
KLH41_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MDSQRELAEELRLYQSTLLQDGLKDLLDEKKFIDCTLKAGDKSLPCHRLILSACSPYFREYFLSEIDEAKKKEVVLDNVDPAILDLIIKYLYSASIDLNDGNVQDIFALASRFQIPSVFTVCVSYLQKRLAPGNCLAILRLGLLLDCPRLAISAREFVSDRFVQICKEEDFMQLSPQELISVISNDSLNVEKEEAVFEAVMKWVRTDKENRVKNLSEVFDCIRFRLMTEKYFKDHVEKDDIIKSNPDLQKKIKVLKDAFAGKLPEPSKNAAKTGAGEVNGDVGDEDLLPGYLNDIPRHGMFVKDLILLVNDTAAVAYDPTENECYLTALAEQIPRNHSSIVTQQNQIYVVGGLYVDEENKDQPLQSYFFQLDSIASEWVGLPPLPSARCLFGLGEVDDKIYVVAGKDLQTEASLDSVLCYDPVAAKWNEVKKLPIKVYGHNVISHKGMIYCLGGKTDDKKCTNRVFIFNPKKGDWKDLAPMKIPRSMFGVAVHKGKIVIAGGVTEDGLSASVEAFDLTTNKWDVMTEFPQERSSISLVSLAGSLYAIGGFAMIQLESKEFAPTEVNDIWKYEDDKKEWAGMLKEIRYASGASCLATRLNLFKLSKL | Involved in skeletal muscle development and differentiation. Regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and plays a role in myofibril assembly by promoting lateral fusion of adjacent thin fibrils into mature, wide myofibrils. Required for pseudopod elongation in transformed cells.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Cell projection, Pseudopodium, Cell projection, Ruffle, Cytoplasm, Myofibril, Sarcomere, M line, Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Predominantly cytoplasmic but can colocalize with F-actin at the membrane ruffle-like structures at the tips of transformation-specific pseudopodia.
Sarcomeric muscle. |
KLH42_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSAEEMVQIRLEDRCYPVSKRKLIEQSDYFRALYRSGMREALSQEAGGPEVQQLRGLSAPGLRLVLDFINAGGAREGWLLGPRGEKGGGVDEDEEMDEVSLLSELVEAASFLQVTSLLQLLLSQVRLNNCLEMYRLAQVYGLPDLQEACLRFMVVHFHEVLCKPQFHLLGSPPQAPGDVSLKQRLREARMTGTPVLVALGDFLGGPLAPHPYQGEPPSMLRYEEMTERWFPLANNLPPDLVNVRGYGSAILDNYLFIVGGYRITSQEISAAHSYNPSTNEWLQVASMNQKRSNFKLVAVNSKLYAIGGQAVSNVECYNPEQDAWNFVAPLPNPLAEFSACECKGKIYVIGGYTTRDRNMNILQYCPSSDMWTLFETCDVHIRKQQMVSVEETIYIVGGCLHELGPNRRSSQSEDMLTVQSYNTVTRQWLYLKENTSKSGLNLTCALHNDGIYIMSRDVTLSTSLEHRVFLKYNIFSDSWEAFRRFPAFGHNLLVSSLYLPNKAET | Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for mitotic progression and cytokinesis. The BCR(KLHL42) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of KATNA1. Involved in microtubule dynamics throughout mitosis.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Spindle
Predominantly in mitotic cells. Localized diffusely in the cytoplasm during the interphase. During metaphase is localized throughout the cell and more widely dispersed than the microtubules. In anaphase cells is localized between the two sets of separated chromosomes as well as at the spindle poles. During telophase is localized arround the nuclei of the two daughter cells. Not detected at the midbody region during cytokinesis. |
KPCB_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MADPAAGPPPSEGEESTVRFARKGALRQKNVHEVKNHKFTARFFKQPTFCSHCTDFIWGFGKQGFQCQVCCFVVHKRCHEFVTFSCPGADKGPASDDPRSKHKFKIHTYSSPTFCDHCGSLLYGLIHQGMKCDTCMMNVHKRCVMNVPSLCGTDHTERRGRIYIQAHIDRDVLIVLVRDAKNLVPMDPNGLSDPYVKLKLIPDPKSESKQKTKTIKCSLNPEWNETFRFQLKESDKDRRLSVEIWDWDLTSRNDFMGSLSFGISELQKASVDGWFKLLSQEEGEYFNVPVPPEGSEANEELRQKFERAKISQGTKVPEEKTTNTVSKFDNNGNRDRMKLTDFNFLMVLGKGSFGKVMLSERKGTDELYAVKILKKDVVIQDDDVECTMVEKRVLALPGKPPFLTQLHSCFQTMDRLYFVMEYVNGGDLMYHIQQVGRFKEPHAVFYAAEIAIGLFFLQSKGIIYRDLKLDNVMLDSEGHIKIADFGMCKENIWDGVTTKTFCGTPDYIAPEIIAYQPYGKSVDWWAFGVLLYEMLAGQAPFEGEDEDELFQSIMEHNVAYPKSMSKEAVAICKGLMTKHPGKRLGCGPEGERDIKEHAFFRYIDWEKLERKEIQPPYKPKARDKRDTSNFDKEFTRQPVELTPTDKLFIMNLDQNEFAGFSYTNPEFVINV | Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR-induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser-644' and 'Ser-652'. Phosphorylation induces CARD11/CARMA1 association with lipid rafts and recruitment of the BCL10-MALT1 complex as well as MAP3K7/TAK1, which then activates IKK complex, resulting in nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1. Plays a direct role in the negative feedback regulation of the BCR signaling, by down-modulating BTK function via direct phosphorylation of BTK at 'Ser-180', which results in the alteration of BTK plasma membrane localization and in turn inhibition of BTK activity . Involved in apoptosis following oxidative damage: in case of oxidative conditions, specifically phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of isoform p66Shc of SHC1, leading to mitochondrial accumulation of p66Shc, where p66Shc acts as a reactive oxygen species producer. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription, by being recruited to AR target genes and specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Thr-6' of histone H3 (H3T6ph), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A . In insulin signaling, may function downstream of IRS1 in muscle cells and mediate insulin-dependent DNA synthesis through the RAF1-MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. Participates in the regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes by negatively modulating the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4. Phosphorylates SLC2A1/GLUT1, promoting glucose uptake by SLC2A1/GLUT1 . Under high glucose in pancreatic beta-cells, is probably involved in the inhibition of the insulin gene transcription, via regulation of MYC expression. In endothelial cells, activation of PRKCB induces increased phosphorylation of RB1, increased VEGFA-induced cell proliferation, and inhibits PI3K/AKT-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS3/eNOS) regulation by insulin, which causes endothelial dysfunction. Also involved in triglyceride homeostasis (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes cooperation between ATF2 and JUN, activating transcription . Phosphorylates KLHL3 in response to angiotensin II signaling, decreasing the interaction between KLHL3 and WNK4 .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Membrane |
KPCD1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSAPPVLRPPSPLLPVAAAAAAAAAALVPGSGPGPAPFLAPVAAPVGGISFHLQIGLSREPVLLLQDSSGDYSLAHVREMACSIVDQKFPECGFYGMYDKILLFRHDPTSENILQLVKAASDIQEGDLIEVVLSASATFEDFQIRPHALFVHSYRAPAFCDHCGEMLWGLVRQGLKCEGCGLNYHKRCAFKIPNNCSGVRRRRLSNVSLTGVSTIRTSSAELSTSAPDEPLLQKSPSESFIGREKRSNSQSYIGRPIHLDKILMSKVKVPHTFVIHSYTRPTVCQYCKKLLKGLFRQGLQCKDCRFNCHKRCAPKVPNNCLGEVTINGDLLSPGAESDVVMEEGSDDNDSERNSGLMDDMEEAMVQDAEMAMAECQNDSGEMQDPDPDHEDANRTISPSTSNNIPLMRVVQSVKHTKRKSSTVMKEGWMVHYTSKDTLRKRHYWRLDSKCITLFQNDTGSRYYKEIPLSEILSLEPVKTSALIPNGANPHCFEITTANVVYYVGENVVNPSSPSPNNSVLTSGVGADVARMWEIAIQHALMPVIPKGSSVGTGTNLHRDISVSISVSNCQIQENVDISTVYQIFPDEVLGSGQFGIVYGGKHRKTGRDVAIKIIDKLRFPTKQESQLRNEVAILQNLHHPGVVNLECMFETPERVFVVMEKLHGDMLEMILSSEKGRLPEHITKFLITQILVALRHLHFKNIVHCDLKPENVLLASADPFPQVKLCDFGFARIIGEKSFRRSVVGTPAYLAPEVLRNKGYNRSLDMWSVGVIIYVSLSGTFPFNEDEDIHDQIQNAAFMYPPNPWKEISHEAIDLINNLLQVKMRKRYSVDKTLSHPWLQDYQTWLDLRELECKIGERYITHESDDLRWEKYAGEQGLQYPTHLINPSASHSDTPETEETEMKALGERVSIL | Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signaling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory response ( ). Phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on dual threonine residues, which leads to the suppression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MAPK8/JNK1 activation and subsequent JUN phosphorylation . Phosphorylates RIN1, inducing RIN1 binding to 14-3-3 proteins YWHAB, YWHAE and YWHAZ and increased competition with RAF1 for binding to GTP-bound form of Ras proteins (NRAS, HRAS and KRAS). Acts downstream of the heterotrimeric G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex to maintain the structural integrity of the Golgi membranes, and is required for protein transport along the secretory pathway. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), regulates the fission of transport vesicles that are on their way to the plasma membrane. May act by activating the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (PI4KB) at the TGN for the local synthesis of phosphorylated inositol lipids, which induces a sequential production of DAG, phosphatidic acid (PA) and lyso-PA (LPA) that are necessary for membrane fission and generation of specific transport carriers to the cell surface. Under oxidative stress, is phosphorylated at Tyr-463 via SRC-ABL1 and contributes to cell survival by activating IKK complex and subsequent nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1 . Involved in cell migration by regulating integrin alpha-5/beta-3 recycling and promoting its recruitment in newly forming focal adhesion. In osteoblast differentiation, mediates the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced nuclear export of HDAC7, which results in the inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression of RUNX2 . In neurons, plays an important role in neuronal polarity by regulating the biogenesis of TGN-derived dendritic vesicles, and is involved in the maintenance of dendritic arborization and Golgi structure in hippocampal cells. May potentiate mitogenesis induced by the neuropeptide bombesin or vasopressin by mediating an increase in the duration of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, which leads to accumulation of immediate-early gene products including FOS that stimulate cell cycle progression. Plays an important role in the proliferative response induced by low calcium in keratinocytes, through sustained activation of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) pathway. Downstream of novel PKC signaling, plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy by phosphorylating HDAC5, which in turn triggers XPO1/CRM1-dependent nuclear export of HDAC5, MEF2A transcriptional activation and induction of downstream target genes that promote myocyte hypertrophy and pathological cardiac remodeling . Mediates cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) phosphorylation at the PKA sites, which results in reduced myofilament calcium sensitivity, and accelerated crossbridge cycling kinetics. The PRKD1-HDAC5 pathway is also involved in angiogenesis by mediating VEGFA-induced specific subset of gene expression, cell migration, and tube formation . In response to VEGFA, is necessary and required for HDAC7 phosphorylation which induces HDAC7 nuclear export and endothelial cell proliferation and migration. During apoptosis induced by cytarabine and other genotoxic agents, PRKD1 is cleaved by caspase-3 at Asp-378, resulting in activation of its kinase function and increased sensitivity of cells to the cytotoxic effects of genotoxic agents . In epithelial cells, is required for transducing flagellin-stimulated inflammatory responses by binding and phosphorylating TLR5, which contributes to MAPK14/p38 activation and production of inflammatory cytokines . Acts as an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by mediating phosphorylation of NLRP3 (By similarity). May play a role in inflammatory response by mediating activation of NF-kappa-B. May be involved in pain transmission by directly modulating TRPV1 receptor . Plays a role in activated KRAS-mediated stabilization of ZNF304 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells . Regulates nuclear translocation of transcription factor TFEB in macrophages upon live S.enterica infection (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Golgi apparatus, Trans-Golgi network
Translocation to the cell membrane is required for kinase activation. |
KPCD2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MATAPSYPAGLPGSPGPGSPPPPGGLELQSPPPLLPQIPAPGSGVSFHIQIGLTREFVLLPAASELAHVKQLACSIVDQKFPECGFYGLYDKILLFKHDPTSANLLQLVRSSGDIQEGDLVEVVLSASATFEDFQIRPHALTVHSYRAPAFCDHCGEMLFGLVRQGLKCDGCGLNYHKRCAFSIPNNCSGARKRRLSSTSLASGHSVRLGTSESLPCTAEELSRSTTELLPRRPPSSSSSSSASSYTGRPIELDKMLLSKVKVPHTFLIHSYTRPTVCQACKKLLKGLFRQGLQCKDCKFNCHKRCATRVPNDCLGEALINGDVPMEEATDFSEADKSALMDESEDSGVIPGSHSENALHASEEEEGEGGKAQSSLGYIPLMRVVQSVRHTTRKSSTTLREGWVVHYSNKDTLRKRHYWRLDCKCITLFQNNTTNRYYKEIPLSEILTVESAQNFSLVPPGTNPHCFEIVTANATYFVGEMPGGTPGGPSGQGAEAARGWETAIRQALMPVILQDAPSAPGHAPHRQASLSISVSNSQIQENVDIATVYQIFPDEVLGSGQFGVVYGGKHRKTGRDVAVKVIDKLRFPTKQESQLRNEVAILQSLRHPGIVNLECMFETPEKVFVVMEKLHGDMLEMILSSEKGRLPERLTKFLITQILVALRHLHFKNIVHCDLKPENVLLASADPFPQVKLCDFGFARIIGEKSFRRSVVGTPAYLAPEVLLNQGYNRSLDMWSVGVIMYVSLSGTFPFNEDEDINDQIQNAAFMYPASPWSHISAGAIDLINNLLQVKMRKRYSVDKSLSHPWLQEYQTWLDLRELEGKMGERYITHESDDARWEQFAAEHPLPGSGLPTDRDLGGACPPQDHDMQGLAERISVL | Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, oxidative stress-induced NF-kappa-B activation, inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression, signaling downstream of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and cytokine production, and plays a role in Golgi membrane trafficking, angiogenesis, secretory granule release and cell adhesion ( ). May potentiate mitogenesis induced by the neuropeptide bombesin by mediating an increase in the duration of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, which leads to accumulation of immediate-early gene products including FOS that stimulate cell cycle progression (By similarity). In response to oxidative stress, is phosphorylated at Tyr-438 and Tyr-717 by ABL1, which leads to the activation of PRKD2 without increasing its catalytic activity, and mediates activation of NF-kappa-B (, ). In response to the activation of the gastrin receptor CCKBR, is phosphorylated at Ser-244 by CSNK1D and CSNK1E, translocates to the nucleus, phosphorylates HDAC7, leading to nuclear export of HDAC7 and inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression of NR4A1/NUR77 . Upon TCR stimulation, is activated independently of ZAP70, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and is required for interleukin-2 (IL2) promoter up-regulation . During adaptive immune responses, is required in peripheral T-lymphocytes for the production of the effector cytokines IL2 and IFNG after TCR engagement and for optimal induction of antibody responses to antigens (By similarity). In epithelial cells stimulated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is activated through a PKC-dependent pathway and mediates LPA-stimulated interleukin-8 (IL8) secretion via a NF-kappa-B-dependent pathway . During TCR-induced T-cell activation, interacts with and is activated by the tyrosine kinase LCK, which results in the activation of the NFAT transcription factors . In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), regulates the fission of transport vesicles that are on their way to the plasma membrane and in polarized cells is involved in the transport of proteins from the TGN to the basolateral membrane . Plays an important role in endothelial cell proliferation and migration prior to angiogenesis, partly through modulation of the expression of KDR/VEGFR2 and FGFR1, two key growth factor receptors involved in angiogenesis . In secretory pathway, is required for the release of chromogranin-A (CHGA)-containing secretory granules from the TGN . Downstream of PRKCA, plays important roles in angiotensin-2-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells . Plays a regulatory role in angiogenesis and tumor growth by phosphorylating a downstream mediator CIB1 isoform 2, resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Trans-Golgi network
Translocation to the cell membrane is required for kinase activation. Accumulates in the nucleus upon CK1-mediated phosphorylation after activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nuclear accumulation is regulated by blocking nuclear export of active PRKD2 rather than by increasing import.
Widely expressed. |
KPCD3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSANNSPPSAQKSVLPTAIPAVLPAASPCSSPKTGLSARLSNGSFSAPSLTNSRGSVHTVSFLLQIGLTRESVTIEAQELSLSAVKDLVCSIVYQKFPECGFFGMYDKILLFRHDMNSENILQLITSADEIHEGDLVEVVLSALATVEDFQIRPHTLYVHSYKAPTFCDYCGEMLWGLVRQGLKCEGCGLNYHKRCAFKIPNNCSGVRKRRLSNVSLPGPGLSVPRPLQPEYVALPSEESHVHQEPSKRIPSWSGRPIWMEKMVMCRVKVPHTFAVHSYTRPTICQYCKRLLKGLFRQGMQCKDCKFNCHKRCASKVPRDCLGEVTFNGEPSSLGTDTDIPMDIDNNDINSDSSRGLDDTEEPSPPEDKMFFLDPSDLDVERDEEAVKTISPSTSNNIPLMRVVQSIKHTKRKSSTMVKEGWMVHYTSRDNLRKRHYWRLDSKCLTLFQNESGSKYYKEIPLSEILRISSPRDFTNISQGSNPHCFEIITDTMVYFVGENNGDSSHNPVLAATGVGLDVAQSWEKAIRQALMPVTPQASVCTSPGQGKDHKDLSTSISVSNCQIQENVDISTVYQIFADEVLGSGQFGIVYGGKHRKTGRDVAIKVIDKMRFPTKQESQLRNEVAILQNLHHPGIVNLECMFETPERVFVVMEKLHGDMLEMILSSEKSRLPERITKFMVTQILVALRNLHFKNIVHCDLKPENVLLASAEPFPQVKLCDFGFARIIGEKSFRRSVVGTPAYLAPEVLRSKGYNRSLDMWSVGVIIYVSLSGTFPFNEDEDINDQIQNAAFMYPPNPWREISGEAIDLINNLLQVKMRKRYSVDKSLSHPWLQDYQTWLDLREFETRIGERYITHESDDARWEIHAYTHNLVYPKHFIMAPNPDDMEEDP | Converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, downstream of PKC. Involved in resistance to oxidative stress (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Membrane
Translocation to the cell membrane is required for kinase activation.
Ubiquitous. |
KPCD_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAPFLRIAFNSYELGSLQAEDEANQPFCAVKMKEALSTERGKTLVQKKPTMYPEWKSTFDAHIYEGRVIQIVLMRAAEEPVSEVTVGVSVLAERCKKNNGKAEFWLDLQPQAKVLMSVQYFLEDVDCKQSMRSEDEAKFPTMNRRGAIKQAKIHYIKNHEFIATFFGQPTFCSVCKDFVWGLNKQGYKCRQCNAAIHKKCIDKIIGRCTGTAANSRDTIFQKERFNIDMPHRFKVHNYMSPTFCDHCGSLLWGLVKQGLKCEDCGMNVHHKCREKVANLCGINQKLLAEALNQVTQRASRRSDSASSEPVGIYQGFEKKTGVAGEDMQDNSGTYGKIWEGSSKCNINNFIFHKVLGKGSFGKVLLGELKGRGEYFAIKALKKDVVLIDDDVECTMVEKRVLTLAAENPFLTHLICTFQTKDHLFFVMEFLNGGDLMYHIQDKGRFELYRATFYAAEIMCGLQFLHSKGIIYRDLKLDNVLLDRDGHIKIADFGMCKENIFGESRASTFCGTPDYIAPEILQGLKYTFSVDWWSFGVLLYEMLIGQSPFHGDDEDELFESIRVDTPHYPRWITKESKDILEKLFEREPTKRLGVTGNIKIHPFFKTINWTLLEKRRLEPPFRPKVKSPRDYSNFDQEFLNEKARLSYSDKNLIDSMDQSAFAGFSFVNPKFEHLLED | Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti-apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses (, ). Negatively regulates B cell proliferation and also has an important function in self-antigen induced B cell tolerance induction (By similarity). Upon DNA damage, activates the promoter of the death-promoting transcription factor BCLAF1/Btf to trigger BCLAF1-mediated p53/TP53 gene transcription and apoptosis (, ). In response to oxidative stress, interact with and activate CHUK/IKKA in the nucleus, causing the phosphorylation of p53/TP53 (, ). In the case of ER stress or DNA damage-induced apoptosis, can form a complex with the tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 which trigger apoptosis independently of p53/TP53 (, ). In cytosol can trigger apoptosis by activating MAPK11 or MAPK14, inhibiting AKT1 and decreasing the level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), whereas in nucleus induces apoptosis via the activation of MAPK8 or MAPK9. Upon ionizing radiation treatment, is required for the activation of the apoptosis regulators BAX and BAK, which trigger the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Can phosphorylate MCL1 and target it for degradation which is sufficient to trigger for BAX activation and apoptosis. Is required for the control of cell cycle progression both at G1/S and G2/M phases. Mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by up-regulating the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 and inhibiting the cyclin CCNA2 promoter activity. In response to UV irradiation can phosphorylate CDK1, which is important for the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation (By similarity). Can protect glioma cells from the apoptosis induced by TNFSF10/TRAIL, probably by inducing increased phosphorylation and subsequent activation of AKT1 . Is highly expressed in a number of cancer cells and promotes cell survival and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs by inducing cyclin D1 (CCND1) and hyperphosphorylation of RB1, and via several pro-survival pathways, including NF-kappa-B, AKT1 and MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). Involved in antifungal immunity by mediating phosphorylation and activation of CARD9 downstream of C-type lectin receptors activation, promoting interaction between CARD9 and BCL10, followed by activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinase p38 pathways (By similarity). Can also act as tumor suppressor upon mitogenic stimulation with PMA or TPA. In N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-treated cells, is required for NCF1 (p47-phox) phosphorylation and activation of NADPH oxidase activity, and regulates TNF-elicited superoxide anion production in neutrophils, by direct phosphorylation and activation of NCF1 or indirectly through MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways . May also play a role in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in eosinophil after stimulation with IL5, leukotriene B4 or PMA . In collagen-induced platelet aggregation, acts a negative regulator of filopodia formation and actin polymerization by interacting with and negatively regulating VASP phosphorylation . Downstream of PAR1, PAR4 and CD36/GP4 receptors, regulates differentially platelet dense granule secretion; acts as a positive regulator in PAR-mediated granule secretion, whereas it negatively regulates CD36/GP4-mediated granule release . Phosphorylates MUC1 in the C-terminal and regulates the interaction between MUC1 and beta-catenin . The catalytic subunit phosphorylates 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAB, YWHAZ and YWHAH) in a sphingosine-dependent fashion (By similarity). Phosphorylates ELAVL1 in response to angiotensin-2 treatment . Phosphorylates mitochondrial phospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR3), resulting in increased cardiolipin expression on the mitochondrial outer membrane which facilitates apoptosis . Phosphorylates SMPD1 which induces SMPD1 secretion .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, Perinuclear region, Nucleus, Cell membrane, Mitochondrion, Endomembrane system
Translocates to the mitochondria upon apoptotic stimulation. Upon activation, translocates to the plasma membrane followed by partial location to the endolysosomes . |
KR291_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MADGCCPGNTTAIPAVPTITTYPVKGGFRHALCLPSSCHSRMWQLVTCQESCQPSIGAPSGCDPASCQPTRLPATSCVGFVCQPMCSHAACYQSGTGQSPCLVSSCQPSCSESTCCQEKCCDASPCQQSSCQESVCMSGSCQAACGQSVCCDAGSCQPSCSEVTSCPETSCLPTICTASPCQPTWCQGSSCQPVSGEGQPCKSTYYQPICYIFKPCQSALYMPVPCQPSTCVFSSCNTTCCVPSHCQPPHCQLVPSTCFIYQPVANCQAPCSTKNCCKPASCDTVISGQPTCDGPPSYNQSGCKSACCVTGLGTSPSSGSNCLPTSCQPSCESSFCKATLC | null |
KR411_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MVNSCCGSVCSHQGCGRDLCQETCCRPSCCETTCCRTTYCRPSCCVSSCCRPQCCQSVCCQPTCCRPRCCISSCCRPSCCVSSCCKPQCCQSMCCQPTCCRPRCCISSCCRPSCCVSSCCRPQCCQSVCCQPTCCHPSCSISSCCRPSCCESSCCRPCCCLRPVCGRVSCHTTCYRPTCVISSCPRPLCCASSCC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in the hair follicles. |
KR412_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MVNSCCGSVCSDQGCGLENCCRPSCCQTTCCRTTCCRPSCCVSSCCRPQCCQSVCCQPTCCRPSCCQTTCCRTTCCRPSCCVSSCCRPQCCQSVCCQPTCCRPSCCQTTCCRTTCCRPSCCVSSCCRPQCCQSVCCQPTCCRPSCCISSSCCPSCCESSCCRPCCCLRPVCGRVSCHTTCYRPTCVISTCPRPLCCASSCC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in the hair follicles. |
KR416_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MCSSKMPCSPSASSLCAASPPNCCHPSCCQTTCCRTTSCSHSCSVSSCCRPQCCHSVCCQPTCCRPSCCQTTCCRTTCCHPSCCVSSCCRPQCCHSVCFQPTCCHPSCCISSSCCPSCCESSCCCPCCCLRPVCGRVSCHVTCYHPTCVISTCPHPLCCASPPLPLPFPSPPVPLPFFLSLALPSPPRPSPPLLSPVLIPSPSPSPSLPSLSPPLPSPPLPSPHFPSVNPKSMLQ | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins. |
KR510_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGCCGCSGGCGSGCGGCGSGCGGCGSGCGGYGSGCGGCGSSCCVPVCCCKPVCCCVPACSCSSCGSCGGSKGDCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGCSQCNCCKPCCCSSGCGSCCQSSCCNPCCCQSSCCVPVCCQSSCCKPCCCQSSCCVPVCCQCKI | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated protein (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in hair root but not in skin. Expressed also in brain and skeletal muscle. |
KR511_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGCCGCSGGCGSGCGGCGSGSGGCGSGCGGCGSSCCVPICCCKPVCCCVPACSCSSCGSCGGSKGGCGSCGSSKGGCGSCGCSQSNCCKPCCSSSGCGSFCCQSSCSKPCCCQSSCCQSSCCKPCCCQSSCCQSSCFKPCCCQSSCCVPVCCQCKI | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated protein (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Restricted to hair root, not detected in any other tissues. |
KR87P_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MEANSGRLASELNHVQEVLEGYKKKYEEEVALRATAENEFVALKKDVDCAYLRKSDLEANVEALTQEIDFLRRLYEEEIRVLQSHISDTSVVVKMDNSRDLNMHCVITEIKAQYDDIATRSRAEAESWYRSKCEEMKATVIRHGETLRRTKEEINELNRMIQRLTAEVENAKCQNSKLEAAVAQSEQQGEAALSDARCKLAELEGALQKAKQDMACLIREYQEVMNSKLAWTLRSPPTGACWRARSRGCVRALVL | null |
KRA11_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MACCQTSFCGFPSCSTSGTCGSSCCQPSCCETSSCQPRCCETSCCQPSCCQTSFCGFPSFSTGGTCDSSCCQPSCCETSCCQPSCYQTSSCGTGCGIGGGIGYGQEGSSGAVSTRIRWCRPDCRVEGTCLPPCCVVSCTPPSCCQLHHAEASCCRPSYCGQSCCRPVCCCYCSEPTC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in the middle/upper portions of the hair cortex, in the region termed the keratogenous zone. |
KRA13_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MTCCQTSFCGYPSCSTSGTCGSSCCQPSCCETSCCQPSCCQTSFCGFPSFSTSGTCSSSCCQPSCCETSCCQPSCCQTSSCGTGCGIGGGIGYGQEGSSGAVSTRIRWCRPDCRVEGTCLPPCCVVSCTPPTCCQLHHAEASCCRPSYCGQSCCRPVCCCYSCEPTC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in the middle/upper portions of the hair cortex, in the region termed the keratogenous zone. |
KRA14_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MASCSTSGTCGSSCCQPSCCETSCCQPSCCQTSSCGTGCGIGGGIGYGQEGSGGSVSTRIRWCHPDCHVEGTCLPPCYLVSCTPPSCCQLHHAEASCCRPSYCGQSCCRPACCCHCCEPTC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in the middle/upper portions of the hair cortex, in the region termed the keratogenous zone. |
KRA15_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MTCCQTSFCGYPSFSISGTCGSSCCQPSCCETSCCQPRSCQTSFCGFPSFSTSGTCSSSCCQPSCCETSCCQPSCCETSCCQPSCCQISSCGTGCGIGGGISYGQEGSSGAVSTRIRWCRPDSRVEGTYLPPCCVVSCTPPSCCQLHHAQASCCRPSYCGQSCCRPVCCCEPTC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins.
Expressed in the middle/upper portions of the hair cortex, in the region termed the keratogenous zone. |
KRA21_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MTGSCCGSTFSSLSYGGGCCQPCCCRDPCCCRPVTCQTTVCRPVTCVPRCTRPICEPCRRPVCCDPCSLQEGCCRPITCCPSSCTAVVCRPCCWATTCCQPVSVQSPCCRPPCGQPTPCSTTCRTSSC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins (By similarity). |
KRA22_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MTGSCCGSTFSSLSYGGGCCQPCCCRDPCCCRPVTCQTTVCRPVTCVPRCTRPICEPCRRPVCCDPCSLQEGCCRPITCCPSSCTAVVCRPCCWATTCCQPVSVQSPCGQPTPCSTTCRTSSC | In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins (By similarity). |
KTI12_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MPLVVFCGLPYSGKSRRAEELRVALAAEGRAVYVVDDAAVLGAEDPAVYGDSAREKALRGALRASVERRLSRHDVVILDSLNYIKGFRYELYCLARAARTPLCLVYCVRPGGPIAGPQVAGANENPGRNVSVSWRPRAEEDGRAQAAGSSVLRELHTADSVVNGSAQADVPKELEREESGAAESPALVTPDSEKSAKHGSGAFYSPELLEALTLRFEAPDSRNRWDRPLFTLVGLEEPLPLAGIRSALFENRAPPPHQSTQSQPLASGSFLHQLDQVTSQVLAGLMEAQKSAVPGDLLTLPGTTEHLRFTRPLTMAELSRLRRQFISYTKMHPNNENLPQLANMFLQYLSQSLH | null |
KV401_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MVLQTQVFISLLLWISGAYGDIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCKSSQSVLYSSNNKNYLAWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYWASTRESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQAEDVAVYYCQQYYSTP | V segment of the variable domain of immunoglobulins light chain that participates in the antigen recognition . Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (, ). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (, ).
Subcellular locations: Secreted, Cell membrane |
KV502_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGSQVHLLSFLLLWISDTRAETTLTQSPAFMSATPGDKVNISCKASQDIDDDMNWYQQKPGEAAIFIIQEATTLVPGIPPRFSGSGYGTDFTLTINNIESEDAAYYFCLQHDNFP | V region of the variable domain of immunoglobulin light chains that participates in the antigen recognition . Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (, ). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (, ).
Subcellular locations: Secreted, Cell membrane |
LAG3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MWEAQFLGLLFLQPLWVAPVKPLQPGAEVPVVWAQEGAPAQLPCSPTIPLQDLSLLRRAGVTWQHQPDSGPPAAAPGHPLAPGPHPAAPSSWGPRPRRYTVLSVGPGGLRSGRLPLQPRVQLDERGRQRGDFSLWLRPARRADAGEYRAAVHLRDRALSCRLRLRLGQASMTASPPGSLRASDWVILNCSFSRPDRPASVHWFRNRGQGRVPVRESPHHHLAESFLFLPQVSPMDSGPWGCILTYRDGFNVSIMYNLTVLGLEPPTPLTVYAGAGSRVGLPCRLPAGVGTRSFLTAKWTPPGGGPDLLVTGDNGDFTLRLEDVSQAQAGTYTCHIHLQEQQLNATVTLAIITVTPKSFGSPGSLGKLLCEVTPVSGQERFVWSSLDTPSQRSFSGPWLEAQEAQLLSQPWQCQLYQGERLLGAAVYFTELSSPGAQRSGRAPGALPAGHLLLFLILGVLSLLLLVTGAFGFHLWRRQWRPRRFSALEQGIHPPQAQSKIEELEQEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEQL | Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein: Inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells ( ). Delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands, such as FGL1 (By similarity). FGL1 constitutes a major ligand of LAG3 and is responsible for LAG3 T-cell inhibitory function (By similarity). Following TCR engagement, LAG3 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation (By similarity). May inhibit antigen-specific T-cell activation in synergy with PDCD1/PD-1, possibly by acting as a coreceptor for PDCD1/PD-1 (By similarity). Negatively regulates the proliferation, activation, effector function and homeostasis of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cells ( ). Also mediates immune tolerance: constitutively expressed on a subset of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and contributes to their suppressive function (By similarity). Also acts as a negative regulator of plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDCs) activation (By similarity). Binds MHC class II (MHC-II); the precise role of MHC-II-binding is however unclear .
May function as a ligand for MHC class II (MHC-II) on antigen-presenting cells (APC), promoting APC activation/maturation and driving Th1 immune response.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Subcellular locations: Secreted
Produced following cleavage of the main chain.
Primarily expressed in activated T-cells and a subset of natural killer (NK) cells. |
LAGE3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MRDADADAGGGADGGDGRGGHSCRGGVDTAAAPAGGAPPAHAPGPGRDAASAARGSRMRPHIFTLSVPFPTPLEAEIAHGSLAPDAEPHQRVVGKDLTVSGRILVVRWKAEDCRLLRISVINFLDQLSLVVRTMQRFGPPVSR | Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine (, ). The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37 (, ). LAGE3 functions as a dimerization module for the complex (, ).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Ubiquitous. |
LAIR1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSPHPTALLGLVLCLAQTIHTQEEDLPRPSISAEPGTVIPLGSHVTFVCRGPVGVQTFRLERDSRSTYNDTEDVSQASPSESEARFRIDSVREGNAGLYRCIYYKPPKWSEQSDYLELLVKESSGGPDSPDTEPGSSAGPTQRPSDNSHNEHAPASQGLKAEHLYILIGVSVVFLFCLLLLVLFCLHRQNQIKQGPPRSKDEEQKPQQRPDLAVDVLERTADKATVNGLPEKDRETDTSALAAGSSQEVTYAQLDHWALTQRTARAVSPQSTKPMAESITYAAVARH | Functions as an inhibitory receptor that plays a constitutive negative regulatory role on cytolytic function of natural killer (NK) cells, B-cells and T-cells. Activation by Tyr phosphorylation results in recruitment and activation of the phosphatases PTPN6 and PTPN11. It also reduces the increase of intracellular calcium evoked by B-cell receptor ligation. May also play its inhibitory role independently of SH2-containing phosphatases. Modulates cytokine production in CD4+ T-cells, down-regulating IL2 and IFNG production while inducing secretion of transforming growth factor beta. Down-regulates also IgG and IgE production in B-cells as well as IL8, IL10 and TNF secretion. Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as prevents nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B p65 subunit/RELA and phosphorylation of I-kappa-B alpha/CHUK in these cells. Inhibits the differentiation of peripheral blood precursors towards dendritic cells.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Expressed on the majority of peripheral mononuclear cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Highly expressed in naive T-cells and B-cells but no expression on germinal center B-cells. Abnormally low expression in naive B-cells from HIV-1 infected patients. Very low expression in NK cells from a patient with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. |
LARP4_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLLFVEQVASKGTGLNPNAKVWQEIAPGNTDATPVTHGTESSWHEIAATSGAHPEGNAELSEDICKEYEVMYSSSCETTRNTTGIEESTDGMILGPEDLSYQIYDVSGESNSAVSTEDLKECLKKQLEFCFSRENLSKDLYLISQMDSDQFIPIWTVANMEEIKKLTTDPDLILEVLRSSPMVQVDEKGEKVRPSHKRCIVILREIPETTPIEEVKGLFKSENCPKVISCEFAHNSNWYITFQSDTDAQQAFKYLREEVKTFQGKPIMARIKAINTFFAKNGYRLMDSSIYSHPIQTQAQYASPVFMQPVYNPHQQYSVYSIVPQSWSPNPTPYFETPLAPFPNGSFVNGFNSPGSYKTNAAAMNMGRPFQKNRVKPQFRSSGGSEHSTEGSVSLGDGQLNRYSSRNFPAERHNPTVTGHQEQTYLQKETSTLQVEQNGDYGRGRRTLFRGRRRREDDRISRPHPSTAESKAPTPKFDLLASNFPPLPGSSSRMPGELVLENRMSDVVKGVYKEKDNEELTISCPVPADEQTECTSAQQLNMSTSSPCAAELTALSTTQQEKDLIEDSSVQKDGLNQTTIPVSPPSTTKPSRASTASPCNNNINAATAVALQEPRKLSYAEVCQKPPKEPSSVLVQPLRELRSNVVSPTKNEDNGAPENSVEKPHEKPEARASKDYSGFRGNIIPRGAAGKIREQRRQFSHRAIPQGVTRRNGKEQYVPPRSPK | RNA binding protein that binds to the poly-A tract of mRNA molecules . Associates with the 40S ribosomal subunit and with polysomes . Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA translation . Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (, ).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Stress granule, Cytoplasm, Cytosol
Localized throughout the cytosol. Partially localized in stress granules in response to arsenite treatment. |
LARP6_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAQSGGEARPGPKTAVQIRVAIQEAEDVDELEDEEEGAETRGAGDPARYLSPGWGSASEEEPSRGHSGTTASGGENEREDLEQEWKPPDEELIKKLVDQIEFYFSDENLEKDAFLLKHVRRNKLGYVSVKLLTSFKKVKHLTRDWRTTAHALKYSVVLELNEDHRKVRRTTPVPLFPNENLPSKMLLVYDLYLSPKLWALATPQKNGRVQEKVMEHLLKLFGTFGVISSVRILKPGRELPPDIRRISSRYSQVGTQECAIVEFEEVEAAIKAHEFMITESQGKENMKAVLIGMKPPKKKPAKDKNHDEEPTASIHLNKSLNKRVEELQYMGDESSANSSSDPESNPTSPMAGRRHAATNKLSPSGHQNLFLSPNASPCTSPWSSPLAQRKGVSRKSPLAEEGRLNCSTSPEIFRKCMDYSSDSSVTPSGSPWVRRRRQAEMGTQEKSPGTSPLLSRKMQTADGLPVGVLRLPRGPDNTRGFHGHERSRACV | Regulates the coordinated translation of type I collagen alpha-1 and alpha-2 mRNAs, CO1A1 and CO1A2. Stabilizes mRNAs through high-affinity binding of a stem-loop structure in their 5' UTR. This regulation requires VIM and MYH10 filaments, and the helicase DHX9.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Expressed in numerous tissues. |
LARP7_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | METESGNQEKVMEEESTEKKKEVEKKKRSRVKQVLADIAKQVDFWFGDANLHKDRFLREQIEKSRDGYVDISLLVSFNKMKKLTTDGKLIARALRSSAVVELDLEGTRIRRKKPLGERPKDEDERTVYVELLPKNVNHSWIERVFGKCGNVVYISIPHYKSTGDPKGFAFVEFETKEQAAKAIEFLNNPPEEAPRKPGIFPKTVKNKPIPALRVVEEKKKKKKKKGRMKKEDNIQAKEENMDTSNTSISKMKRSRPTSEGSDIESTEPQKQCSKKKKKRDRVEASSLPEVRTGKRKRSSSEDAESLAPRSKVKKIIQKDIIKEASEASKENRDIEISTEEEKDTGDLKDSSLLKTKRKHKKKHKERHKMGEEVIPLRVLSKSEWMDLKKEYLALQKASMASLKKTISQIKSESEMETDSGVPQNTGMKNEKTANREECRTQEKVNATGPQFVSGVIVKIISTEPLPGRKQVRDTLAAISEVLYVDLLEGDTECHARFKTPEDAQAVINAYTEINKKHCWKLEILSGDHEQRYWQKILVDRQAKLNQPREKKRGTEKLITKAEKIRLAKTQQASKHIRFSEYD | RNA-binding protein that specifically binds distinct small nuclear RNA (snRNAs) and regulates their processing and function (, ). Specifically binds the 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA) and acts as a core component of the 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, thereby acting as a negative regulator of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (, ). The 7SK RNP complex sequesters the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) in a large inactive 7SK RNP complex preventing RNA polymerase II phosphorylation and subsequent transcriptional elongation (, ). The 7SK RNP complex also promotes snRNA gene transcription by RNA polymerase II via interaction with the little elongation complex (LEC) . LARP7 specifically binds to the highly conserved 3'-terminal U-rich stretch of 7SK RNA; on stimulation, remains associated with 7SK RNA, whereas P-TEFb is released from the complex (, ). LARP7 also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing fidelity by promoting U6 snRNA processing . Specifically binds U6 snRNAs and associates with a subset of box C/D RNP complexes: promotes U6 snRNA 2'-O-methylation by facilitating U6 snRNA loading into box C/D RNP complexes . U6 snRNA 2'-O-methylation is required for mRNA splicing fidelity . Binds U6 snRNAs with a 5'-CAGGG-3' sequence motif . U6 snRNA processing is required for spermatogenesis (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Nucleoplasm |
LARP7_MACFA | Macaca fascicularis | METESGNQKNVMEEESTEKKKEVEKKKRSRVKQVLADIAKQVDFWFGDANLHKDRFLREQIEKSRDGYVDISLLVSFNKMKKLTTDGKLIARALRSSAVVELDLEGTRIRRKKPLGERPKDEDERTVYVELLPKNVNHSWIERVFGKCGNVVYISIPHYKSTGDPKGFAFVEFETKEQAAKAIEFLNNPPEEAPRKPGIFPKTVKNKPIPALRVVEEKKKKKKKKGRMKKEDNVQAKEENMDTTNTSISKMKRSRPTSEGSDIESTEPQKQSSKKKKKRDRVEASSLPEVRTGKRKRSSSEDAESLGPRSKVKKIIQKDIIKEPSEASKENRDIEISTEEEKDTGDLKDSSLLKTKRKHKKKHKERHKMGEEVIPLRVLSKSEWMDLKKEYLALQKASMASLKKTISQIKSESEMETDGGVPQKTGMKNEKTNSEECPTQEKVNATGPQFVSGVIVKIISTEPLPGRKQVRDTLAAISEVLYVDLLEGDTECHARFKTPEDAQAVINAYTEISKKHCWKLEILSGDHEQRYWQKILVDRQAKLNQPREKKRGTEKLITKAEKIRLAKTQQASKHIRFSEYD | RNA-binding protein that specifically binds distinct small nuclear RNA (snRNAs) and regulates their processing and function. Specifically binds the 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA) and acts as a core component of the 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, thereby acting as a negative regulator of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. The 7SK RNP complex sequesters the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) in a large inactive 7SK RNP complex preventing RNA polymerase II phosphorylation and subsequent transcriptional elongation. The 7SK RNP complex also promotes snRNA gene transcription by RNA polymerase II via interaction with the little elongation complex (LEC). LARP7 specifically binds to the highly conserved 3'-terminal U-rich stretch of 7SK RNA; on stimulation, remains associated with 7SK RNA, whereas P-TEFb is released from the complex. LARP7 also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing fidelity by promoting U6 snRNA processing. Specifically binds U6 snRNAs and associates with a subset of box C/D RNP complexes: promotes U6 snRNA 2'-O-methylation by facilitating U6 snRNA loading into box C/D RNP complexes. U6 snRNA 2'-O-methylation is required for mRNA splicing fidelity. Binds U6 snRNAs with a 5'-CAGGG-3' sequence motif (By similarity). U6 snRNA processing is required for spermatogenesis (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Nucleoplasm |
LCFC1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MPPLAPQLCRAVFLVPILLLLQVKPLNGSPGPKDGSQTEKTPSADQNQEQFEEHFVASSVGEMWQVVDMAQQEEDQSSKTAAVHKHSFHLSFCFSLASVMVFSGGPLRRTFPNIQLCFMLTH | Sperm protein required for fusion of sperm with the egg membrane during fertilization.
Subcellular locations: Secreted |
LCMT1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MATRQRESSITSCCSTSSCDADDEGVRGTCEDASLCKRFAVSIGYWHDPYIQHFVRLSKERKAPEINRGYFARVHGVSQLIKAFLRKTECHCQIVNLGAGMDTTFWRLKDEDLLPSKYFEVDFPMIVTRKLHSIKCKPPLSSPILELHSEDTLQMDGHILDSKRYAVIGADLRDLSELEEKLKKCNMNTQLPTLLIAECVLVYMTPEQSANLLKWAANSFERAMFINYEQVNMGDRFGQIMIENLRRRQCDLAGVETCKSLESQKERLLSNGWETASAVDMMELYNRLPRAEVSRIESLEFLDEMELLEQLMRHYCLCWATKGGNELGLKEITY | Methylates the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits to form alpha-leucine ester residues. |
LCN10_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MRQGLLVLALVLVLVLVLAAGSQVQEWYPRESHALNWNKFSGFWYILATATDAQGFLPARDKRKLGASVVKVNKVGQLRVLLAFRRGQGCGRAQPRHPGTSGHLWASLSVKGVKAFHVLSTDYSYGLVYLRLGRATQNYKNLLLFHRQNVSSFQSLKEFMDACDILGLSKAAVILPKDASRTHTILP | May play a role in male fertility. May act as a retinoid carrier protein within the epididymis.
Subcellular locations: Secreted |
LCN12_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MRLLCGLWLWLSLLKVLQAQTPTPLPLPPPMQSFQGNQFQGEWFVLGLAGNSFRPEHRALLNAFTATFELSDDGRFEVWNAMTRGQHCDTWSYVLIPAAQPGQFTVDHGVEPGADREETRVVDSDYTQFALMLSRRHTSRLAVLRISLLGRSWLLPPGTLDQFICLGRAQGLSDDNIVFPDVTGWSPQASVC | Binds all-trans retinoic acid and may act as a retinoid carrier protein within the epididymis. May play a role in male fertility (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Secreted |
LDB2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSSTPHDPFYSSPFGPFYRRHTPYMVQPEYRIYEMNKRLQSRTEDSDNLWWDAFATEFFEDDATLTLSFCLEDGPKRYTIGRTLIPRYFSTVFEGGVTDLYYILKHSKESYHNSSITVDCDQCTMVTQHGKPMFTKVCTEGRLILEFTFDDLMRIKTWHFTIRQYRELVPRSILAMHAQDPQVLDQLSKNITRMGLTNFTLNYLRLCVILEPMQELMSRHKTYNLSPRDCLKTCLFQKWQRMVAPPAEPTRQPTTKRRKRKNSTSSTSNSSAGNNANSTGSKKKTTAANLSLSSQVPDVMVVGEPTLMGGEFGDEDERLITRLENTQYDAANGMDDEEDFNNSPALGNNSPWNSKPPATQETKSENPPPQASQ | Transcription cofactor. Binds to the LIM domain of a wide variety of LIM domain-containing transcription factors.
Subcellular locations: Nucleus |
LDB3_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSYSVTLTGPGPWGFRLQGGKDFNMPLTISRITPGSKAAQSQLSQGDLVVAIDGVNTDTMTHLEAQNKIKSASYNLSLTLQKSKRPIPISTTAPPVQTPLPVIPHQKDPALDTNGSLVAPSPSPEARASPGTPGTPELRPTFSPAFSRPSAFSSLAEASDPGPPRASLRAKTSPEGARDLLGPKALPGSSQPRQYNNPIGLYSAETLREMAQMYQMSLRGKASGVGLPGGSLPIKDLAVDSASPVYQAVIKSQNKPEDEADEWARRSSNLQSRSFRILAQMTGTEFMQDPDEEALRRSSTPIEHAPVCTSQATTPLLPASAQPPAAASPSAASPPLATAAAHTAIASASTTAPASSPADSPRPQASSYSPAVAASSAPATHTSYSEGPAAPAPKPRVVTTASIRPSVYQPVPASTYSPSPGANYSPTPYTPSPAPAYTPSPAPAYTPSPVPTYTPSPAPAYTPSPAPNYNPAPSVAYSGGPAEPASRPPWVTDDSFSQKFAPGKSTTSISKQTLPRGGPAYTPAGPQVPPLARGTVQRAERFPASSRTPLCGHCNNVIRGPFLVAMGRSWHPEEFTCAYCKTSLADVCFVEEQNNVYCERCYEQFFAPLCAKCNTKIMGEVMHALRQTWHTTCFVCAACKKPFGNSLFHMEDGEPYCEKDYINLFSTKCHGCDFPVEAGDKFIEALGHTWHDTCFICAVCHVNLEGQPFYSKKDRPLCKKHAHTINL | May function as an adapter in striated muscle to couple protein kinase C-mediated signaling via its LIM domains to the cytoskeleton.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Perinuclear region, Cell projection, Pseudopodium, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Cytoplasm, Myofibril, Sarcomere, Z line
Localized to the cytoplasm around nuclei and pseudopodia of undifferentiated cells and detected throughout the myotubes of differentiated cells. Colocalizes with ACTN2 at the Z-lines.
Expressed primarily in skeletal muscle and to a lesser extent in heart. Also detected in brain and placenta. |
LDLR_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGPWGWKLRWTVALLLAAAGTAVGDRCERNEFQCQDGKCISYKWVCDGSAECQDGSDESQETCLSVTCKSGDFSCGGRVNRCIPQFWRCDGQVDCDNGSDEQGCPPKTCSQDEFRCHDGKCISRQFVCDSDRDCLDGSDEASCPVLTCGPASFQCNSSTCIPQLWACDNDPDCEDGSDEWPQRCRGLYVFQGDSSPCSAFEFHCLSGECIHSSWRCDGGPDCKDKSDEENCAVATCRPDEFQCSDGNCIHGSRQCDREYDCKDMSDEVGCVNVTLCEGPNKFKCHSGECITLDKVCNMARDCRDWSDEPIKECGTNECLDNNGGCSHVCNDLKIGYECLCPDGFQLVAQRRCEDIDECQDPDTCSQLCVNLEGGYKCQCEEGFQLDPHTKACKAVGSIAYLFFTNRHEVRKMTLDRSEYTSLIPNLRNVVALDTEVASNRIYWSDLSQRMICSTQLDRAHGVSSYDTVISRDIQAPDGLAVDWIHSNIYWTDSVLGTVSVADTKGVKRKTLFRENGSKPRAIVVDPVHGFMYWTDWGTPAKIKKGGLNGVDIYSLVTENIQWPNGITLDLLSGRLYWVDSKLHSISSIDVNGGNRKTILEDEKRLAHPFSLAVFEDKVFWTDIINEAIFSANRLTGSDVNLLAENLLSPEDMVLFHNLTQPRGVNWCERTTLSNGGCQYLCLPAPQINPHSPKFTCACPDGMLLARDMRSCLTEAEAAVATQETSTVRLKVSSTAVRTQHTTTRPVPDTSRLPGATPGLTTVEIVTMSHQALGDVAGRGNEKKPSSVRALSIVLPIVLLVFLCLGVFLLWKNWRLKNINSINFDNPVYQKTTEDEVHICHNQDGYSYPSRQMVSLEDDVA | Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits.
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus in hepatocytes, but not through a direct interaction with viral proteins.
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Vesicular stomatitis virus.
(Microbial infection) In case of HIV-1 infection, may function as a receptor for extracellular Tat in neurons, mediating its internalization in uninfected cells.
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane, Membrane, Clathrin-coated pit, Golgi apparatus, Early endosome, Late endosome, Lysosome
Rapidly endocytosed upon ligand binding. |
LEGL_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MAGSVADSDAVVKLDDGHLNNSLSSPVQADVYFPRLIVPFCGHIKGGMRPGKKVLVMGIVDLNPESFAISLTCGDSEDPPADVAIELKAVFTDRQLLRNSCISGERGEEQSAIPYFPFIPDQPFRVEILCEHPRFRVFVDGHQLFDFYHRIQTLSAIDTIKINGDLQITKLG | Does not bind lactose, and may not bind carbohydrates. |
LEGL_PONAB | Pongo abelii | MAGSVADSDAVVKLDDGHLNNSLSSPVQADVYFPRLIVPFCGHIKGGMRPGKKVLVMGIVDLNPESFAISLTCGDSEDPPADVAIELKAVFTDRQLLRNSCISGERGEEQSAIPYFPFIPDQPFRVEILCEHPRFRVFVDGHQLFDFYHRIQTLSAIDTIKINGDLQITKLG | Does not bind lactose, and may not bind carbohydrates. |
LEKR1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MDHHIPMHALPEEIQKMLPEEKVCKYCGVSYLILHEFKAMEEKVKAMEKEMKFYQGSVDREKRLQEKLHSLSQELEQYKIDNKSKTERIYDVGMQLKSQQNEFQKVKKQLSHLQDELKIKYRQSYIFRLCFC | null |
LELP1_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MSSDDKSKSNDPKTEPKNCDPKCEQKCESKCQPSCLKKLLQRCFEKCPWEKCPAPPKCLPCPSQSPSSCPPQPCTKPCPPKCPSSCPHACPPPCPPPE | null |
LELP1_MACFA | Macaca fascicularis | MSSDDKSKSNDPKTEPKNCDPKCEQKCESKCQPSCLKKLLQRCSEKCPREKCPAPPKCPPCPSPSPSSCPPKPCAKPCPPKCPSSCPPPCPPPE | null |
LEP_GORGO | Gorilla gorilla gorilla | VPIQKVQDDTKTLIKTIVTRISDISHTQSVSSKQKVTGLDFIPGLHPILTLSKMDQTLAVYQQILTSMPSRNMIQISNDLENLRDLLHVLAFSKSCHLPWASGLETLDSLGGVLEASGYSTEVVALSRLQGSLQDMLWQLDLSPGC | Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity (By similarity). In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides (By similarity). In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption (By similarity). Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways (By similarity). May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells. Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38 (By similarity). In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses (By similarity). Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Secreted |
LEP_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MHWGTLCGFLWLWPYLFYVQAVPIQKVQDDTKTLIKTIVTRINDISHTQSVSSKQKVTGLDFIPGLHPILTLSKMDQTLAVYQQILTSMPSRNVIQISNDLENLRDLLHVLAFSKSCHLPWASGLETLDSLGGVLEASGYSTEVVALSRLQGSLQDMLWQLDLSPGC | Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways ( ). In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity (By similarity) ( ). In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides (By similarity). In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption . Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways (By similarity) . May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression . Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) . In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells . Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38 (, ). In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses (By similarity). Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation .
Subcellular locations: Secreted
Adipose tissue is the main source of leptin. It is also produced by other peripheral tissues such as the skeletal muscle ( ). Expressed by intercalated and striated tracts of submandibular and parotid salivary gland intralobular ducts . Detected by fundic epithelium of the gastric mucosa . Secreted into blood and gastric juice . |
LEP_MACMU | Macaca mulatta | MYWRTLWGFLWLWPYLFYIQAVPIQKVQSDTKTLIKTIVTRINDISHTQSVSSKQRVTGLDFIPGLHPVLTLSQMDQTLAIYQQILINLPSRNVIQISNDLENLRDLLHLLAFSKSCHLPLASGLETLESLGDVLEASLYSTEVVALSRLQGSLQDMLWQLDLSPGC | Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity (By similarity). In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides (By similarity). In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption (By similarity). Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways (By similarity). May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells. Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38 (By similarity). In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses (By similarity). Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Secreted |
LFNG_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLKRCGRRLLLALAGALLACLLVLTADPPPPPLPAERGRRALRSLAGPAGAAPAPGLGAAAAAPGALVRDVHSLSEYFSLLTRARRDAGPPPGAAPRPADGHPRPLAEPLAPRDVFIAVKTTKKFHRARLDLLLETWISRHKEMTFIFTDGEDEALARHTGNVVITNCSAAHSRQALSCKMAVEYDRFIESGRKWFCHVDDDNYVNLRALLRLLASYPHTRDVYVGKPSLDRPIQAMERVSENKVRPVHFWFATGGAGFCISRGLALKMSPWASGGHFMNTAERIRLPDDCTIGYIVEALLGVPLIRSGLFHSHLENLQQVPTSELHEQVTLSYGMFENKRNAVHVKGPFSVEADPSRFRSIHCHLYPDTPWCPRTAIF | Glycosyltransferase that initiates the elongation of O-linked fucose residues attached to EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch molecules. Modulates NOTCH1 activity by modifying O-fucose residues at specific EGF-like domains resulting in inhibition of NOTCH1 activation by JAG1 and enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1 via an increase in its binding to DLL1 (By similarity). Decreases the binding of JAG1 to NOTCH2 but not that of DLL1 . Essential mediator of somite segmentation and patterning (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Golgi apparatus, Golgi apparatus membrane |
LIN41_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MASFPETDFQICLLCKEMCGSPAPLSSNSSASSSSSQTSTSSGGGGGGPGAAARRLHVLPCLHAFCRPCLEAHRLPAAGGGAAGEPLKLRCPVCDQKVVLAEAAGMDALPSSAFLLSNLLDAVVATADEPPPKNGRAGAPAGAGGHSNHRHHAHHAHPRASASAPPLPQAPQPPAPSRSAPGGPAASPSALLLRRPHGCSSCDEGNAASSRCLDCQEHLCDNCVRAHQRVRLTKDHYIERGPPGPGAAAAAQQLGLGPPFPGPPFSILSVFPERLGFCQHHDDEVLHLYCDTCSVPICRECTMGRHGGHSFIYLQEALQDSRALTIQLLADAQQGRQAIQLSIEQAQTVAEQVEMKAKVVQSEVKAVTARHKKALEERECELLWKVEKIRQVKAKSLYLQVEKLRQNLNKLESTISAVQQVLEEGRALDILLARDRMLAQVQELKTVRSLLQPQEDDRVMFTPPDQALYLAIKSFGFVSSGAFAPLTKATGDGLKRALQGKVASFTVIGYDHDGEPRLSGGDLMSAVVLGPDGNLFGAEVSDQQNGTYVVSYRPQLEGEHLVSVTLCNQHIENSPFKVVVKSGRSYVGIGLPGLSFGSEGDSDGKLCRPWGVSVDKEGYIIVADRSNNRIQVFKPCGAFHHKFGTLGSRPGQFDRPAGVACDASRRIVVADKDNHRIQIFTFEGQFLLKFGEKGTKNGQFNYPWDVAVNSEGKILVSDTRNHRIQLFGPDGVFLNKYGFEGALWKHFDSPRGVAFNHEGHLVVTDFNNHRLLVIHPDCQSARFLGSEGTGNGQFLRPQGVAVDQEGRIIVADSRNHRVQMFESNGSFLCKFGAQGSGFGQMDRPSGIAITPDGMIVVVDFGNNRILVF | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that cooperates with the microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery and promotes embryonic stem cells proliferation and maintenance (Probable). Binds to miRNAs and associates with AGO2, participating in post-transcriptional repression of transcripts such as CDKN1A (By similarity). In addition, participates in post-transcriptional mRNA repression in a miRNA independent mechanism . Facilitates the G1-S transition to promote rapid embryonic stem cell self-renewal by repressing CDKN1A expression. Required to maintain proliferation and prevent premature differentiation of neural progenitor cells during early neural development: positively regulates FGF signaling by controlling the stability of SHCBP1 (By similarity). Specific regulator of miRNA biogenesis. Binds to miRNA MIR29A hairpin and postranscriptionally modulates MIR29A levels, which indirectly regulates TET proteins expression .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, P-body
Specifically expressed in testis. |
LIN52_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MGWKMASPTDGTDLEASLLSFEKLDRASPDLWPEQLPGVAEFAASFKSPITSSPPKWMAEIERDDIDMLKELGSLTTANLMEKVRGLQNLAYQLGLDESREMTRGKFLNILEKPKK | null |
LIPR2_HUMAN | Homo sapiens | MLPPWTLGLLLLATVRGKEVCYGQLGCFSDEKPWAGTLQRPVKLLPWSPEDIDTRFLLYTNENPNNFQLITGTEPDTIEASNFQLDRKTRFIIHGFLDKAEDSWPSDMCKKMFEVEKVNCICVDWRHGSRAMYTQAVQNIRVVGAETAFLIQALSTQLGYSLEDVHVIGHSLGAHTAAEAGRRLGGRVGRITGLDPAGPCFQDEPEEVRLDPSDAVFVDVIHTDSSPIVPSLGFGMSQKVGHLDFFPNGGKEMPGCKKNVLSTITDIDGIWEGIGGFVSCNHLRSFEYYSSSVLNPDGFLGYPCASYDEFQESKCFPCPAEGCPKMGHYADQFKGKTSAVEQTFFLNTGESGNFTSWRYKISVTLSGKEKVNGYIRIALYGSNENSKQYEIFKGSLKPDASHTCAIDVDFNVGKIQKVKFLWNKRGINLSEPKLGASQITVQSGEDGTEYNFCSSDTVEENVLQSLYPC | Lipase that primarily hydrolyzes triglycerides and galactosylglycerides ( ). In neonates, may play a major role in pancreatic digestion of dietary fats such as milk fat globules enriched in long-chain triglycerides ( ). Hydrolyzes short-, medium- and long-chain fatty acyls in triglycerides without apparent positional specificity ( ). Can completely deacylate triacylglycerols . When the liver matures and bile salt synthesis increases, likely functions mainly as a galactolipase and monoacylglycerol lipase. Hydrolyzes monogalactosyldiglycerols (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) present in a plant-based diet, releasing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( ). Hydrolyzes medium- and long-chain fatty acyls in galactolipids (, ). May act together with LIPF to hydrolyze partially digested triglycerides . Hydrolyzes long-chain monoglycerides with high efficiency ( ). In cytotoxic T cells, contributes to perforin-dependent cell lysis, but is unlikely to mediate direct cytotoxicity (By similarity). Also has low phospholipase activity (, ). In neurons, required for the localization of the phospholipid 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-PC (OPPC) to neurite tips through acyl chain remodeling of membrane phospholipids (By similarity). The resulting OPPC-rich lipid membrane domain recruits the t-SNARE protein STX4 by selectively interacting with the STX4 transmembrane domain and this promotes surface expression of the dopamine transporter SLC6A3/DAT at neurite tips by facilitating fusion of SLC6A3-containing transport vesicles with the plasma membrane (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Secreted, Zymogen granule membrane, Cell projection, Neuron projection
Localizes to neurite tips in neuronal cells.
Pancreas. |
Subsets and Splits