id
int64 0
8.19k
| input_1
stringlengths 76
2.05k
| instruction
stringclasses 1
value | output
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
1,700 | These results were confirmed in another study where statistical modelling was used to estimate potential effects on usual nutrient intakes if Dutch consumers would only choose foods that comply with Choices criteria [59]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,701 | ATRX mutation in glioma is primarily seen in adolescents and young adults (ages 10 to 30 years) (1). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,702 | BBS4 binds to PCM-1 and acts together at centriolar satellites for protein recruitment and microtubule organization (20). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,703 | Interestingly, there is evidence that NAD(P)H oxidase and/or ROS may also act upstream of tuberin/ mTORC1 (34,40,41), suggesting that ROS generated bymTORinduced Nox4 may target tuberin via a feedback loop. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,704 | Mck mutants resulted in a low-level viremia, poor dissemination to salivary glands, and reduced MCMV-associated inflammation in livers (Fleming et al., 1999; Saederup et al., 1999). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,705 | …TONSL and BRCA1 both participate in the repair of stalled replication forks (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010; Pathania
1962 GENES & DEVELOPMENT
Hill et al.
et al. 2011; Schlacher et al. 2012), we asked whether a BRCA1–TONSL complex is… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,706 | To identify cell types by FCM, the target molecules of lineage-specific antibodies ideally should be (1) present on all the cells of that lineage, (2) uniquely expressed on that lineage, and (3) have known function. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,707 | Statistics
G-tests of interdependence (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) were used to compare overall activity, locomotor, posture, and support-use profiles (Doran 1992, 1993; McGraw 1996, 1998a, b; Dunham and McGraw 2014). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,708 | Because females perform phonotaxis or courtship solicitation displays, while males respond to social signals with evoked calling and call timing, females are generally found to be the more discriminating sex (Brenowitz 1982; Searcy and Brenowitz 1988; Bernal et al. 2007; Danner et al. 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,709 | Spontaneous remission was defined as remission occurring in the absence of corticosteroid therapy, that is, disappearance of the pancreatic swelling visualized on CT and/or resolution of the diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct as visualized by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) prior to the commencement of steroid therapy, as previously described [12]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,710 | 1b, left panel), previously described in detail (e.g. Rouiller et al. 1998; Liu and Rouiller 1999; Schmidlin et al. 2004; Freund et al. 2006,
2009; Kaeser et al. 2010, 2011): briefly, the tests were performed on a perspex board (10 cm 9 20 cm) containing 50 randomly distributed slots, each filled… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,711 | To do so, we augment the UDs that result from running the SDC on the PTB with the dependencies in the CCGbank (Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2007), since the latter includes lexicalized dependencies derived from gold PTB traces. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,712 | Approximately 45% of the predicted proteome of Leptospirillum Group II, the numerically dominant organism in floating AMD biofilms (Tyson et al., 2004; Denef et al., 2010b), was identified. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,713 | …Webster et al., 1999) and the subtropical Indian Ocean (e.g., Behera and Yamagata, 2001; Reason, 2002), as well as links between the SST anomalies across the eastern Indian Ocean and regional rainfall (Nicholls, 1989; Frederiksen and Balgovind, 1994; England et al., 2006; Ummenhofer et al., 2008c). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,714 | It ameliorated ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in a rabbit myocardial infarction model of heart failure [18]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,715 | The mtDNA and NRY variation in Brazilian admixed populations was first mined from the literature: Afro-Brazilian mtDNA [34–36] (n = 277) and NRY [12,34,35] (n = 380) and White Brazilian mtDNA [11,12] (n = 247) and NRY [12] (n = 180) and mtDNA/ NRY n = 245/132 of the general population of Cuba [37]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,716 | Our assessments were based on the recently revised ADOS algorithms (Gotham et al. 2007) which include the domains of Social Affect and Restricted-Repetitive Behaviors. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,717 | Besides, the cysteine-maleimide linkages are instable in a circulatory system, because the maleimide-linker reaction can be exchanged by the active thiol group of cysteine in human serum, resulting in the premature release of toxins before internalization [7]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,718 | Sepsis was defined according to the new consensus of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Society of Critical CareMedicine published in February 2016, with diagnosis based on the combination of infection and SOFA score ≥ 2 points [2]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,719 | A reduced clearance capacity of triglyceride-rich particles from the plasma could be the result of reduced efficiency of endovascular lipolysis due to reduced levels of lipoprotein lipase (10, 14), abnormal lipoprotein particles (15), or elevated levels of apoC-III (16–18). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,720 | The participants spoke several languages, including Spanish (Belalcazar-Bolaños et al. 2013a, b; Orozco-Arroyave et al. 2013a, b, 2014a, b, 2015b, 2016; Naranjo et al. 2016; Vásquez-Correa et al. 2015; VillaCanas et al. 2014), English (Arora et al. 2015; Aström and Koker 2011; Bakar et al. 2012;… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,721 | , 2010) leading to contamination of surface waters, seawaters, groundwater and in some cases also drinking waters (Salgado et al., 2012; Pereira et al., 2015; de Jesus Gaffney et al., 2015; Lolić et al., 2015). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,722 | From our results and from some complementary findings elsewhere (e.g., Ullmann et al. 1985; Bowie and Ward 2004; Scalon and Wright 2015; Scalon et al. 2016a), we could confirm that mistletoe stomatal behaviour was responding to environmental influences. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,723 | Enteroglucagon is produced in the small intestine and its role is supported by evidence that chronic administration can increase jejunal absorption of sugars and amino acids in rats [81]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,724 | …1988 [42] Manual (IM) postop xray 25 92 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (IM) postop xray 25 92 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (EM) postop xray 25 80 Tillett et al. 1988 [42] Manual (EM) postop xray 25 80 Decking et al., 2005 [13] Manual postop xray 25 36 Decking et al. 2005 [13] Manual postop… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,725 | Secondary to this, a decrease of mGluR protein persists into adulthood and causes altered synaptic learning rules and attention behavior (Counotte et al., 2011a; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012b). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,726 | Our specific contribution is to advance what has so far been anecdotes-based debate on how skin whitening products can or cannot perpetuate sociocultural biases and lead to exploitation of vulnerable women (Karnani, 2007; Hammond and Prahalad, 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,727 | Similar results have been reported in other species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Bell et al. 1993; Ruyter et al. 2006), brown trout (Salmo trutta) (Tocher et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,728 | The more common skeletal defects are scoliosis, fusion of the vertebrae, spina bifida occulta, absence of the fifth finger and supernumerary digits (1,4,5,8,11,12). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,729 | This figure is constructed, based on previous reports (Choi et al 2011; Beuschlein et al. 2013; Seidel and Scholl 2016).
acteristics, including male dominance, increased plasma aldosterone concentration, and lower potassium concentration, compared with cases without these mutations (Beuschlein et… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,730 | The two plasmid-encoded MAR in C. necator JMP134 have been extensively studied (Kasberg et al., 1995; Muller et al., 1996; Seibert et al., 1993; Vollmer et al., 1993). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,731 | These defects in vascular patterning in the cvp2 and cvl1cvp2 mutants are seen in the preprocambium and procambium, indicating that CVP2 and CVL1 play a role in proper preprocambium formation (Carland et al., 1999; Carland and Nelson, 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,732 | such autoreceptor function has been shown to increase cholinergic tone, and to impair striatal LTD (Wess et al., 2007; Bonsi et al., 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,733 | It is possible that the results of the present study differ from those of Todd et al. (2004) due to the differences in sparseness of the surface curves in the two studies. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,734 | All individuals aged 12 years or older who met the criteria for their diagnosis based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria [11, 12] and have the ability of understanding the interview were recruited. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,735 | …Germany
M. A. Rieger Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
context (Cooper et al. 1994; Coggon et al. 2000; Sandmark et al. 2000; Seidler et al. 2008; Klussmann et al. 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,736 | To determine the role of endogenous serotonin signaling in the PAEC-induced myoendothelial-dependent differentiation of PASMCs, Sprague-Dawley rat proximal PAECs and PASMCs were cultured alone (monocultured), cocultured on opposite sides of a porous Transwell membrane (touch coculture), or PAECs were cultured on the bottom of a six-well plate and PASMCs on the Transwell membrane (no-touch coculture) as previously described (21). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,737 | reliability Reliability was estimated by two aspects: one was internal consistency through the value of Cronbach’s α for the total score of the AIR-C scale and the other was test–retest reliability, which was done by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for absolute agreement between two tests.(31,32) A Cronbach’s α of . | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,738 | In contrast to steam pretreatment, organosolv pretreatment results in the solubilisation of lignin that can be subsequently precipitated as a highly functional, enriched fraction with low carbohydrate contamination (Pan et al., 2006a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,739 | RO91 contains a translational fusion that harbors the turnover element susceptible to proteolysis [genotype, MC4100 (λRZ5:rpoS742::lacZ)hybr] (MUFFLER et al. 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,740 | Several plans to unlock subglacial lakes exist ( Siegert et al. , 2004; Inman, 2005; Siegert et al. , 2007; Schiermeier , 2008; Woodward et al. , 2009) and valuable knowledge will be available as soon as direct samples of subglacial water and sediments are taken. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,741 | classification [14] (type 1—short lateral lamella (1–3 mm depth), type II; has a moderate lateral lamella (4–7 mm) and | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,742 | …and seedling growth under low temperatures (qLTG3-1, LTG1), tolerance of low temperatures at the fertilization stage and cold tolerance at the booting stage (Nonoue et al. 2008;Wu et al. 2013; Fujino et al. 2013; Hori et al. 2013; Shinada et al. 2013, 2014; Naranjo et al. 2014; Lu et al. 2014). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,743 | In the case of analysis with the assumption of a molecular clock, the tree has a natural root node and there are the restrictions that the distances from this root to each of the tips must be equal (Felsenstein 1981). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,744 | We evaluate the performance of our approach on three public datasets: UTKinect-Action [Xia et al. 2012], MSR-Action3D [Li et al. 2010] and Florence3D-Action [Seidenari et al. 2013]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,745 | A second sub-population (2% to 10% of total muscle SP) is blood-derived and expresses the immune marker CD45 [19–21]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,746 | These results are similar to those of Nilsson et al. (1994), who suggested that the abundance and species richness of Dytiscidae were correlated with the amount and complexity of vegetation, as well as shore slope in a number of Swedish lakes. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,747 | …and Konofagou 2014; Choi et al. 2010b), chemotherapy agents (Aryal et al. 2013; Treat et al. 2007; Treat et al. 2012; Yang et al. 2012), antibodies (Kinoshita et al. 2006), magnetic nanoparticles (Fan et al. 2013), gene therapy vectors (Alonso et al. 2013), stem cells (Burgess et al. 2011) etc. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,748 | …cortical organization is well documented in the human cerebrum, particularly in the perisylvian speechlanguage regions (leftward) (LeMay 1976, 1999; Galaburda et al. 1978; Hepper et al. 1991; Foundas et al. 1995; Shapleske et al. 1999; Naidich et al. 2001; Knaus et al. 2006; Hamilton et al. 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,749 | The selected test set contains 29 small-scale equality-constrained optimization problems used by Colson [1] in his numerical tests, and our results are compared to those obtained with the software CDFO in this reference, which is a derivative-free adaptation of the Filter-SQP method, originally proposed by Fletcher and Leyffer [10], and to those obtained with the software COBYLA by Powell [25], a trust-region method for constrained problems that models the objective and constraint functions by linear interpolation. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,750 | Williams et al. (2008) reported evidence for convergent validity with diagnoses from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV (First et al. 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,751 | Identifying Cul2 as part of the STAT regulatory circuit provides mechanistic insight about how an optimal number of border cells are specified (Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011;Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,752 | ERGMs are particularly useful for testing hypotheses about network relations, and they have started to be applied more widely in public health [27]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,753 | These results are intriguing because they run counter to previous reports of
the influence of HRT on response to SSRIs in depression (Schneider et al., 1997; Amsterdam et al., 1999). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,754 | The Problem Factor of the EBCI has previously been shown to
demonstrate high reliability in the current sample from ages 2 to 4 (range, α=0.84 to 0.94; Dishion et al. 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,755 | To understand the logic of ubiquities services within competitive market environments, we subscribe to the layered modular architecture [57] as our theoretical and analytical lens to unpack the constituents and competitive dimensions of platform-driven ubiquitous systems. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,756 | Furthermore, adjustment of the K+ current resulted in a linear depolarization of
spike threshold, another commonly observed feature of the D-current (Bekkers and Delaney 2001; Dodson et al. 2002; Shen et al. 2004; Guan et al. 2007; Shu et al. 2007a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,757 | The various phosphorylated forms of 4E-BP1 (designated , , and ) were separated by SDSPAGE electrophoresis and quantitated by protein immunoblot analysis as described previously (27, 45, 46). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,758 | Computational analysis by Robetta alanine scanning [25] and KFC2 [26] servers predicted the position of hotspots, indicating that binding was focused around Y33, R35 and E93. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,759 | Spectra for water and the O2 dimer are not included in the DOAS fit as previous retrievals found 15 their inclusion unnecessary (Boersma et al., 2007; Bucsela et al., 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,760 | Similar results have been reported in Phaseolus vulgaris plants exposed to non-filtered air supplied with 80 ppb of O3 [59]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,761 | One approach, such as the three-step search (TSS)[1], and twodimensional logarithm search (TDL)[2], new three-step search (N3SS)[3], efficient three-step search (E3SS)[4], and cross search (CS)[5] employ coarse-to-fine searching to reduce the number of search points. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,762 | , 2013; Tucker, 2012), but other interactive technologies or materials such as textbooks and handouts are also mentioned (McLaughlin et al., 2014; Prober & Khan, 2013; Strayer, 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,763 | In grassland systems, grazing intensity can alter the composition and structure of both vegetation and the associated prey base (arthropods) for grassland-nesting birds (Fondell and Ball 2004; Sutter and Ritchison 2005; Little et al. 2013). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,764 | Nuclear localization of FANCA is critical for its function, and appears to be regulated by its tertiary conformation of the C-terminus;(18,27,39) and Hsp90 regulates transmembrane trafficking of some client proteins.(2) We therefore studied the effect of 17-AAG on subcellular localization of FANCA. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,765 | The p35S::RPS4: GFP and the pABA2::ABA2 cassettes were transferred into the pHPT binary vector (Tzfira et al., 2005) or pMDC123 (Curtis and Grossniklaus, 2003) using LR clonase (Invitrogen), respectively. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,766 | Biological hydrogen production via anaerobic fermentation is renewable, and may be sustainable and energy efficient (Jung et al., 2011; Xia et al., 2015a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,767 | donovani-infected WT BALB/c mice also initially express IL-4 mRNA in parasitized liver and/or spleen (28, 30, 34). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,768 | …strength to screen charge to study the interaction of various toxin blockers with Ca21-activated K1 (KCa) channels (MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Anderson et al., 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991; Giangiacomo et al., 1992) and the block induced by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin in Na1 channels… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,769 | As a part of her baseline evaluation for the study she underwent neurological assessment using the ISNCSCI [6] and autonomic screening using the International Standards to document remaining Autonomic Function after Spinal Cord Injury (ISAFSCI) [7]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,770 | Shi and Liu (2000) built a kind of g-band model of random line object based on stoma process. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,771 | As an example, it has recently been demonstrated that one or two strains are sufficient to drive major changes in gastrointestinal and host (mouse) metabolic profiles, where up to 10(12) microbial cells or 4500 species may coexist (Marcobal et al., 2013). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,772 | In previous work, we found that pharmacological inhibition of PKC reduces the high basal glucose uptake of muscle and adipose cells overexpressing PED and rescues most of the insulin effect in glucose uptake (1). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,773 | Disease stage was classified according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System.(15) Survival time was defined as the number of years from diagnosis to death from any cause, or for children who were alive at last follow-up, as the number of years from diagnosis to last follow-up. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,774 | …by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society 721
vivo UV cross-linking does not promote formation of covalent bonds between proteins (Pashev et al. 1991; Suchanek et al. 2005), and hence offers an approach to “freeze” directly binding RBPs to RNAs in vivo for subsequent… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,775 | …sulfoxide (Kitamura et al. 1977; Kimura et al. 1979), 2,5-dichlorophenylmethyl sulfone (Kitamura et al. 1977; Kimura et al. 1979) and mercapturic acid derivatives (Hawkins et al. 1980; Klos and Dekant 1994; Hissink et al. 1997) have also been identified as urinary metabolites. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,776 | We used a global database of 1054 river basins across the world (Brosse et al. 2013) for which the native and nonnative status in each basin has been recorded for 9722 freshwater fish species. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,777 | [34] A prior episode of symptomatic demyelinating optic neuritis was diagnosed when there was a history of a subacute episode of visual blurring or visual loss associated with eye pain and when this event was confirmed by medical record review and subject interview. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,778 | The conversion of daidzein to equol is the result of further bacterial degradation (Setchell et al. 1984). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,779 | McCartney and Lessios (2004) found evidence that the bindin of E. lucunter (but not of E. viridis) evolves under strong selection. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,780 | The final species, Siderastrea siderea, was collected from both Floridian reefs and at
NNP in the Bahamas (Thornhill et al. 2006b). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,781 | A household wealth index was constructed from household characteristics and asset data using principal component analysis (PCA) [18,19]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,782 | This incidence of inbreeding is less than the equilibrium inbreeding coefficient (0.30), indicating an excess of heterozygous plants in the syn-4 population, which may have resulted from
heterozygote advantage due to heterotic selection (Clegg, 1980; Rüter et al., 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,783 | The perisylvian speech-language region in humans is known to be predominantly larger in the left hemisphere of righthanded individuals (LeMay 1976; Galaburda et al. 1978; Hepper et al. 1991; Foundas et al. 1994; LeMay 1999; Shapleske et al. 1999; Naidich et al. 2001; Hamilton et al. 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,784 | This transformation, which in fact makes the task more challenging [11], aims to make the data set compatible | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,785 | Psychotropic medication was found to be more frequent in the autistic group, a result that concurs with past evidence (Posey & McDougle, 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,786 | …2009), compare the quality of association measures through mean average precision (Evert and Krenn 2005), compare different methods (Pearce 2002; Ramisch et al. 2008a), and measure the impact of acquired MWEs on NLP applications (Finlayson and Kulkarni 2011; Xu et al. 2010; Carpuat and Diab 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,787 | 5-HT3A receptors also exhibit inwardly rectifyingmacroscopic and single channel current-voltage relationships, slow desensitization kinetics, and substantial Ca(2) permeability (3). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,788 | Ferritin can control the free iron concentration inside the cell and thus reduce its availability for the production of hydrogen peroxide derived hydroxyl radical [44]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,789 | We began the analysis with open coding that involved examining interviews line by line to document the discovery of emerging codes and their properties (Beck, 2004; Chenitz & Swanson, 1986). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,790 | All participants also completed Mindstreams (NeuroTrax Corp., New York, NY, USA), a computerized cognitive test battery designed to evaluate multiple cognitive domains (Dwolatzky et al. 2003; Springer et al. 2006; Yogev et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,791 | We investigate implementing the three methods by using a recurrent network, following the ideas in Deneve et al. (1999), Pouget and Zhang (1997), and Pouget et al. (1998). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,792 | Transformation by GSTO1-1 is the rate-limiting step in inorganic-arsenic metabolism and requires glutathione as a reductant (Cohen et al., 2006; Pott et al., 2001; Tapio and Grosche, 2006; Tseng, 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,793 | Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) has emerged as an important alternative to transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) capable of providing highquality local excision for rectal neoplasia [1–10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
1,794 | Biomarker measures were standardized for batch effect as described by Rosner et al (32). ß coefficients from a linear regression model of each biomarker, with a batch indicator variable was averaged. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,795 | Before describing some aspects of the experiment in more detail, let me elaborate more
on the changes in the design compared to Bloomfield and Hales (2002). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,796 | A suspension of cerebellar granule cells was prepared from 10-15 day old ICR mice (Taconic Biotechnology, Inc., Germantown, NY) using the procedures described in previous investigations from our laboratory (Oyama et al., 1996; Carpenter et al., 1997; Boldyrev et al., 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
1,797 | These results seem to confirm the hypothesis that viral lysis is a significant factor for producing shifts in the composition of heterotrophic eubacteria and cyanobacteria and not their abundance [34]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,798 | Our results are in accordance with previous studies of diabetes patients that have found associations between albuminuria and incidence of CVD and mortality [21–29]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
1,799 | The list of significantly enriched TFs included developmental factors such as Hairy, which plays a critical role in the segmentation of the early embryo (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus 1980), Fruitless, which promotes male-specific neural development and behavior (Manoli et al. 2005), as well as Homothorax, a Hox protein co-factor (Ryoo et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.