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9844_1 | William Ross Abrams, Graphic Artist, Deià, Majorca, Spain: 1951.
Alfred Adler (academic)|Alfred Adler. French: 1951.
Paul Julius Alexander. Near Eastern Studies: 1951, 1965.
Henry N. Andrews, Jr., Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of Connecticut: 1951, 1958, 1961.
Oliver Luther Austin, Jr. Biology: 1951.
Jacob Avshalomov, Composer; Conductor Laureate, Portland Youth Philharmonic, Portland, Oregon: 1951.
Alma Joslyn Whiffen-Barksdale. Biochemistry-Molecular Biology: 1951. Appointed as Alma Joslyn Whiffen.
Howard A. Bern, Emeritus Professor of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley: 1951.
Edmund Grindlay Berry, Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of Manitoba: 1951.
Arthur Cecil Bining. U.S. History, British History: 1951.
Jerome Blum. German and East European History: 1951, 1971.
Woodrow Borah, Abraham D. Shepard Professor Emeritus of History, University of California, Berkeley: 1951, 1958.
Benjamin Botkin. Folklore: 1951. |
9844_2 | Julian Boyd. U.S. History: 1951.
Alexander Brady (political scientist)|Alexander Brady. Political Science: 1951.
Harrison Scott Brown. Chemistry: 1951.
George Edward Burch. Medicine: 1951.
Charles Edward Butler. Fiction: 1951.
Robert Francis Byrnes. Russian History: 1951.
Lily Bess Campbell. English Literature: 1951.
Mildred Lucile Campbell. U.S. History: 1951.
Rachel Carson. Biology: 1951.
John Cheever. Fiction: 1951, 1960.
Gilbert Chinard. French: 1951, 1956.
Alan Frank Clifford. Chemistry: 1951, 1952.
James Lowry Clifford. 18th-century English literature: 1951, 1965.
Thomas Wellsted Copeland. 18th-century English literature: 1951, 1963.
Robert Brainard Corey. Chemistry: 1951.
William Steel Creighton. Biology: 1951, 1952.
Ingolf Dahl. Music Composition: 1951, 1960.
Farrington Daniels. Chemistry: 1951.
Joseph DeMartini. Fine Arts: 1951.
George Hathaway Dession. Political Science: 1951.
E. Talbot Donaldson. Medieval Studies: 1951, 1977. |
9844_3 | Harry George Drickamer, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: 1951.
Maxwell John Dunbar. Biology: 1951.
Albert A. Ehrenzweig. Law: 1951.
Norman E. Eliason. Linguistics: 1951.
Sterling Howard Emerson. Genetics: 1951.
John King Fairbank. East Asian Studies: 1951, 1959.
Joseph Wiley Ferrebee, Retired Research Physician, Rancho Santa Fe, California: 1951.
Ralph Hartzler Fox. Mathematics: 1951.
Henri Frankfort. Near Eastern Studies: 1951.
Douglas Southall Freeman. Biography-U.S. History: 1951.
Carl J. Friedrich. Political Science: 1951, 1954.
Richard Nelson Frye, Aga Khan Professor Emeritus of Iranian, Harvard University: 1951, 1975.
Frederick A. Fuhrman, Professor Emeritus of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University: 1951.
Albrecht Goetze. Linguistics: 1951.
Richard Benedict Goldschmidt, Deceased. Biology: 1951.
William Goyen. Fiction: 1951, 1952. |
9844_4 | Horace Victor Gregory. Biography: 1951.
Donald Jay Grout. Music Research: 1951, 1952.
William Henry Paine Hatch. Religion: 1951, 1953.
John Edward Heliker. Fine Arts- Painting: 1951.
Joyce Hemlow, Shields Professor Emeritus of English, McGill University: 1951, 1960, 1966.
Heinrich Edmund Karl Henel. Germanics: 1951, 1954.
Albert Leon Henne. Chemistry: 1951.
Su-Shu Huang. Astronomy-Astrophysics: 1951.
Ruth Hoffmann Hubbard, Professor Emeritus of Biology, Harvard University: 1951.
Walter Lee Hughes, Professor Emeritus of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine: 1951.
Robert Benjamin Irwin. Education: 1951.
Lewis Iselin. Fine Arts-Sculpture: 1951.
Nathan Jacobson, Henry Ford, 2nd, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Yale University: 1951.
Thomas H. Johnson. American Literature: 1951.
William Weed Kaufmann, Retired Lecturer in Public Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; Professor Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 1951. |
9844_5 | Edna Beatrice Kearney, Research Chemist, Veterans Administration Hospital and University of California Medical Center, San Francisco: 1951.
Ruth Lee Kennedy. Spanish: 1951.
Kenneth Earl Kidd. Anthropology: 1951.
Bertram Shirley Kraus. Anthropology: 1951.
Michael Kraus. Professor Emeritus of History, City College, City University of New York: 1951.
Robert F(rank) Kurka. Music Composition: 1951, 1952.
Cecil Yelverton Lang, John Stewart Bryan Professor of English, University of Virginia: 1951.
Albert Lester Lehninger. Biochemistry: 1951, 1962.
Hal Lehrman, Writer, Ridgewood, New Jersey: 1951, 1953.
Clarence Cook Little: Biology: 1951.
William Dougald MacMillan. 18th-century English literature: 1951.
Dumas Malone. U.S. History: 1951, 1958.
Golo Mann. Intellectual and Cultural History: 1951.
Joe Truesdell Marshall, Jr., Retired Zoologist, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.: 1951.
Douglas Alfred Marsland. Biochemistry: 1951, 1959. |
9844_6 | Richard Milton Martin. Philosophy: 1951.
Alpheus Thomas Mason. Law: 1951.
Joseph James Mathews. Non-Fiction: 1951.
Frederick Albert Matsen, Professor of Chemistry and of Physics, University of Texas at Austin: 1951.
William Quentin Maxwell. U. S. History: 1951.
Mael A. Melvin, Professor Emeritus of Physics, Temple University: 1951, 1956.
E. D. Merrill. Biology-Plant Sciences: 1951.
Luis Monguió, Professor Emeritus of Spanish, University of California, Berkeley: 1951.
Walter John Moore, Retired Professor of Physical Chemistry, University of Sydney; Adjunct Professor, Indiana University: 1951.
Richard A. Musgrave, Professor Emeritus of Economics and Harold Hitchings Burbank Professor Emeritus of Political Economy, Harvard University: 1951, 1965.
Walter Friedrich Naumann. German Literature: 1951, 1961.
Eldon Henry Newcomb, Folke Skoog Professor Emeritus of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison: 1951.
Walter Collins O'Kane. Anthropology: 1951. |
9844_7 | Louise Overacker. Political Science: 1951.
Bryan Patterson. Earth Science: 1951, 1954.
Ralph G. Pearson, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara: 1951.
John Rader Platt. Physics: 1951.
Richard Warren Pousette-Dart. Fine Arts: 1951.
William Kendrick Pritchett, Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of California, Berkeley: 1951, 1955.
Philip Rahv. Literary Criticism: 1951.
Alo Raun, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and of Uralic and Altaic Studies, Indiana University: 1951.
Conyers Read. British History: 1951, 1954.
Charles Vernon Robinson, Biophysicist, Claremont, California: 1951.
Edward Anthony Robinson. Classics: 1951.
Anne Roe. Education: 1951.
William Cumming Rose. Biochemistry: 1951.
Herbet Holdsworth Ross. Biology: 1951.
A. William Salomone. Italian Literature: 1951.
Leonard Jimmie Savage. Statistics: 1951, 1958, 1967.
Leland Shanor, Professor Emeritus of Botany, University of Florida: 1951.
Max Shiffman. Mathematics: 1951. |
9844_8 | Thomas Peter Singer, Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco: 1951, 1959.
Robert Nelson Smith. Chemistry: 1951.
T. Lynn Smith. Graduate Research Professor of Sociology, University of Florida: 1951, 1953.
Harold Ray Snyder, Research Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: 1951.
Edouard A. Stackpole. U.S. History: 1951, 1963.
Leften Stavros Stavrianos, Professor Emeritus of History, Northwestern University; Adjunct Professor, University of California-San Diego: 1951.
Curt Stern. Biology: 1951, 1962.
Elizabeth Stevenson, Charles Howard Candler Emeritus Professor of American Studies, Emory University: 1951, 1958.
Albert N. Steward. Biology-Plant Science: 1951.
Oliver Strunk. Music Research: 1951, 1955.
Alice Fleenor Sturgis. Political Science: 1951.
Arnold Olaf Sundgaard, Librettist, Dallas, Texas: 1951. |
9844_9 | Ernest Lee Tuveson, Professor of English, University of California, Berkeley: 1951.
Albert Tyler. Biology: 1951.
Carl Swenson Vestling, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry, University of Iowa: 1951.
Claude André Vigée, Writer, Bangor, Maine: 1951.
Willard Mosher Wallace, William F. Armstrong Professor Emeritus of History, Wesleyan University: 1951.
William Pitkin Wallace. Classics: 1951, 1960.
Shih-Chun Wang. Medicine: 1951.
René Wellek. Literary Criticism: 1951, 1952, 1956, 1966.
Rulon Seymour Wells, III, Professor of Linguistics and Philosophy, Yale University: 1951.
William Rulon Williamson. Economics: 1951.
George Woodcock. Biography: 1951.
Constantine George Yavis. Classics: 1951.
Kimball Young. Sociology: 1951. |
9844_10 | 1951 Latin American and Caribbean Fellows |
9844_11 | José Adem, Professor of Mathematics, Center of Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City: 1951, 1952.
Ricardo E. Alegría Gallardo, Executive Director, Center for Advanced Studies of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, San Juan: 1951, 1953.
Amado Alonso. Spanish: 1951.
Mario Altamirano Orrego, Professor of Physiology, J.M. Vargas School of Medicine, Caracas: 1951.
Joao José Bigarella, Geologist, Federal University of Paraná: 1951.
Danko Brncic Juricic, Professor of Genetics and Evolution, University of Chile: 1951, 1969.
Raymond Millard Cable. Biology & Ecology: 1951.
Pedro Carrasco Pizana, Senior Research Associate, Brandeis University; Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, State University of New York at Stony Brook: 1951.
Domingo Cozzo, Professor Emeritus of Forestry, University of Buenos Aires: 1951.
Julio César Cubillos Chaparro, Director, Archeological Museum, Banco Popular, Cali: 1951. |
9844_12 | Ephraim Donoso, Clinical Professor, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York: 1951, 1952.
José Vicente Freitas Marcondes, de. Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Labor Law, Foundation School of Social Sciences, University of São Paulo: 1951.
Luis Enrique Gregory, Plant Phsysiologist, National Arboretum, Beltsville, Maryland: 1951.
Jorge León Arguedas, Former Plant Materials Officer, Plant Production and Protection Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome: 1951, 1952.
Alicia Lourteig, Chief of Research, Laboratory of Phanerogams, National Museum of Natural History, Paris: 1951, 1952.
Roberto Eusebio Mancini. Medicine: 1951.
Pierre Marcelin. Fiction: 1951.
Leví Marrero Artiles, Retired Professor of Geography, University of Puerto Rico: 1951.
Edmundo O'Gorman. Iberian and Latin American History: 1951.
José Luis Romero. Medieval History: 1951, 1969.
Philippe Thoby-Marcelin, Deceased. Fiction: 1951. |
9844_13 | José Vela Zanetti. Fine Arts, Painting: 1951, 1952. |
9844_14 | See also
Guggenheim Fellowship
External links
Guggenheim Fellows for 1951
1951
1951 awards |
9845_0 | Mark Alan Webber (born 27 August 1976) is an Australian former professional racing driver who competed in Formula One from 2002 to 2013 and the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC) between 2014 and 2016. He is a champion of the 2015 FIA WEC for Porsche with German Timo Bernhard and New Zealander Brendon Hartley. |
9845_1 | Webber began karting at age 12 or 13 and achieved early success, winning regional championships before progressing to car racing in the Australian Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship. He competed for two years opposite Bernd Schneider in the FIA GT Championship with the AMG Mercedes team, finishing runner-up in the 1998 season with five wins in ten races before finishing second in the 2001 International Formula 3000 Championship driving for Super Nova Racing. Webber made his F1 debut with the Minardi team in the 2002 season and finished fifth in his first race, the . He moved to the Jaguar squad for the and 2004 championships. For the 2005 season, he was granted an early release from his contract with Jaguar and joined the Williams team, securing his first podium finish at the . Webber remained at Williams until the 2006 campaign, driving for the Red Bull squad for the rest of his F1 career. He won nine F1 , thirteen pole positions and finished third in |
9845_2 | the World Drivers' Championship in the , and 2013 seasons. |
9845_3 | He left F1 after 2013 and moved to the WEC, sharing a Porsche 919 Hybrid with Bernhard and Hartley in the fully-professional Le Mans Prototype 1 class from the 2014 to 2016 seasons. The trio won eight races in the final two seasons and the 2015 World Endurance Drivers' Championship. He retired from motor sport in 2016, becoming a television pundit for Britain's Channel 4 and Australia's Network 10 and a driver manager. Webber received the Australian Sports Medal in 2000 and was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 2017 Australia Day Honours. Webber is an inductee of both the Australian Motor Sport Hall of Fame and the FIA Hall of Fame.
Early and personal life |
9845_4 | On 27 August 1976, Webber was born to middle-class parents, motorcycle dealer and petrol station owner Alan Webber and his wife Diane, in the small New South Wales town of Queanbeyan located in the Tablelands, on the Queanbeyan River banks, near Canberra. His paternal grandfather was a firewood merchant. Webber has an elder sister, Leanne. He was educated at the nearby Isabella Street Primary School and Karabar High School (KHS). Webber represented KHS in athletics and rugby league and did Australian rules football, cricket and swimming after his mother encouraged him to get involved in as many sports as possible. At age 13, he was a ball boy for the rugby league team Canberra Raiders for a year and earned money delivering pizzas in the Canberra and Queanbeyan areas in his late schooling years. Webber also worked as an apprentice plumber and woodcutter. He lives in the small Buckinghamshire village of Aston Clinton with his wife Ann Neal and is stepfather to her son from a previous |
9845_5 | relationship. |
9845_6 | Early racing career |
9845_7 | Webber began driving motorbikes on weekends from about age four or five on his maternal grandfather's farm. Webber was not encouraged to seriously take up motorcycling by his father, because he sponsored some local children who were injured in motorbike accidents. At about 12 or 13, he switched to karting, buying a go-kart from a school friend's father. He developed himself at a local indoor go-kart centre near his home. Webber received a second-hand worn out go-kart from his father in 1990 and drove it about once a month at the Canberra Go-Kart Club and in meetings in and around Canberra. Andy Lawson, owner of Queanbeyan Kart Centre, built karts around Webber's frame and Webber's father leased his petrol station and worked long hours at an car dealer to fund his son's karting activities. Webber opted for karting, and made his junior-level karting debut in 1991 aged 14, winning the 1992 Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales (NSW) State championships. In 1993, Webber won |
9845_8 | the Canberra Cup, the King of Karting Clubman Light Class titles, the 1993 Top Gun Award at the Ian Luff Advanced Driving School, and the 1993 NSW Junior National Heavy Championship in a Lawson kart with a larger, more powerful engine. |
9845_9 | In 1994, he made his car racing debut, competing in the eight-round Australian Formula Ford Championship featuring non-aerodynamically dependent open-wheel racing vehicles fitted with treaded tyres. He drove Craig Lowndes' championship-winning 1993 RF93 Van Diemen FF1600 car that his father purchased. Webber achieved a season-high third at Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit for 14th in the Drivers' Championship with 30 points and second in the Rookie of the Year standings. He was disqualified from the non-championship Formula Ford support race for passing the field on the formation lap. In late 1994, Webber's father asked English-born media officer Ann Neal to locate sponsorship for Webber; Neal located support from the Australian Yellow Pages after she and Webber reviewed six proposals. Webber moved to Sydney from Queanbeyan to be closer to Australia's motor racing industry. When not racing, he earned money working part-time as a driving instructor at Oran Park Raceway defensive |
9845_10 | driving school. |
9845_11 | He entered the 1995 Australian Formula Ford Championship with Yellow Pages Racing driving a 1995 Van Diemen car, finishing fourth overall with three victories, three pole positions and 158 points in a high-quality field. Webber finished second at both Mallala Motor Sport Park rounds of the 1995 Australian Drivers' Championship driving a Birrana Racing Reynard 90D-Holden car for seventh in the Drivers' Championship with 32 points. In October 1995, he moved to the London suburb of Hainault, to further his racing career. He entered the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch with the Van Diemen factory team, and finished the race third. The result impressed team owner Ralph Firman Sr. enough to sign Webber to Van Diemen for both the 1996 European Formula Ford Championship and the 1996 British Formula Ford Championship, finishing third and second overall, respectively. He won four races in the British series, finishing second in the championship behind teammate Kristian Kolby, and was also |
9845_12 | third in the Formula Ford Euro Cup driving two of the three rounds with a win at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. Webber won the Formula Holden support race, and the Formula Ford Festival. |
9845_13 | In 1997, he elected to skip Formula Renault and Formula Vauxhall on sponsors advice, and signed a contract to progress to the higher-tier British Formula Three Championship with Alan Docking Racing (ADR). Webber was ADR's lead driver complimented by two funded non-competitive teammates, and was told to bring funding to ADR. Driving a Dallara F397 car powered by an old Mugen Honda engine purchased by the Webber family, he won the Brands Hatch Grand Prix event and came fourth overall with 131 points. Webber was voted Rookie of the Year as 1997's highest-placed rookie. His funding almost dried up mid-season until motor racing journalist Peter Windsor suggested Webber solicit funding from rugby union player and family friend David Campese to complete the year and stop Webber ending his international career early. Webber's season was put on a race-by-race basis and he received offers from Renault and Jackie Stewart. He also finished third in the Masters of Formula 3 and fourth in the Macau |
9845_14 | Grand Prix for ADR. |
9845_15 | Sports car racing and International Formula 3000 (1998–2001)
After testing at the A1 Ring, Webber rejected an offer from Mercedes-Benz motorsports boss Norbert Haug to drive a CLK GTR car at the FIA GT Nürburgring 4 Hours in place of Alexander Wurz. However, he did agree to race for the AMG Mercedes team in the 1998 FIA GT Championship. Haug selected Webber after AMG Mercedes' Gerhard Ungar liked Webber's tenacity. Webber was paired with touring car driver Bernd Schneider, who mentored him driving-wise and in vehicle mechanics. Driving the 1 Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR, he and Schneider won five races and took eight podium finishes, finishing championship runner-up to teammates Klaus Ludwig and Ricardo Zonta after a title duel with the sister team lasting to the season's final round. |
9845_16 | In June 1998, Webber entered his first 24 Hours of Le Mans having pre-qualified due to Schneider's 1997 FIA GT Championship win. He, Ludwig and Schnieder retired their Le Mans-specific CLK-LM car after 75 minutes due to a steering pump fault causing an engine failure. Late in the year, Campese Management managed Webber until Neal resumed her professional relationship with Webber; she suggested that Webber enter the International Formula 3000 (IF3000) in 1999 pending funding. Webber entered the 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans after the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) abolished the FIA GT Championship GT1 category due to a lack of manufacturer entries for 1999. Sharing the No. 4 Mercedes-Benz CLR with Jean-Marc Gounon and Marcel Tiemann, an car aerodynamic fault caused Webber to go airborne in qualifying between Mulsanne Corner and Indianapolis corner and on the Mulsanne Straight in race-day warm up, forcing his withdrawal from the race. |
9845_17 | Webber's relationship with Mercedes-Benz cooled following Le Mans because he felt they were unworried about him. He rejected Haug's offer to compete in American open-wheel racing. Greg Moore's death in an accident in California in October 1999 prompted Webber to focus on European single-seater racing. His Mercedes-Benz contract was terminated around November following negotiations. Airline magnate Paul Stoddart, through talks with Jordan Grand Prix team owner Eddie Jordan, offered to underwrite $1.1 million for Webber to combine F3000 and planned Formula One (F1) testing. Webber signed to drive a Lola-Ford Zytek car for the Arrows F3000 team in the 2000 IF3000 Championship, finishing third in the Drivers' Championship with 21 points, winning at Silverstone, achieving two podium results and retiring four times. |
9845_18 | For 2001, he moved to the Benetton Formula-affiliated, reigning teams' champions Super Nova Racing, replacing Nicolas Minassian. Webber, the title favourite, tended to overestimate the Lola car's grip whilst combining F3000 racing with regular access to F1 vehicles for testing. Webber won at Imola, Monaco and Magny-Cours and was second at the Nürburgring. Four consecutive retirements in the final four rounds prevented him from winning the championship, and he scored 39 points, finishing runner-up to Justin Wilson.
Formula One career (1999–2013) |
9845_19 | Testing (1999–2001)
Webber made his F1 test debut with the Arrows team in a two-day session organised by Stoddart at the Circuit de Catalunya in December 1999. Plans to drive the Arrows A21 car at Silverstone in July 2000 was cancelled, when he and Stoddart rejected a binding contract for from team owner Tom Walkinshaw. Webber received a three-day evaluation test at Estoril two months later following talks with Benetton. After that, Webber and his legal team agreed terms with Benetton team owner Flavio Briatore to be Benetton's test and reserve driver. He developed the car for racers Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella for 2001 and would replace one of them if they got ill or injured. Webber tested frequently for Benetton and helped to improve the team's performance for the season's end. He joined Briatore's managerial stable in May 2001 on a ten-year contract when Neal said that she wanted to step back from driver management.
Minardi and Jaguar (2002–2004) |
9845_20 | Ron Walker and telecommunications company Telstra successfully lobbied for Webber to replace Fernando Alonso at Minardi for the first three races of the season. Webber's Minardi PS02-Asiatech car was underdeveloped and he was barely able to fit inside it due to his height. He hoped to become experienced enough to make progress in F1. He qualified 18th for the season-opening and finished fifth following a plethora of first-lap retirements in his debut race. Stoddart consequently retained Webber for the rest of the season. At the four races later, Webber and his teammate Alex Yoong were withdrawn from the race due to three wing failures during practice. He outperformed Yoong and the latter's two-race replacement Anthony Davidson since he was the only Minardi driver using power steering due to budgetary constraints. Webber frequently beat the Arrows and Toyota teams, and his best result for the rest of the season was eighth at the . Webber was 16th overall with two points. |
9845_21 | In 2002, Webber's management were concerned about Minardi's financial situation. They arranged a test session and evaluation in the more powerful Jaguar R3 in mid-2002. Toyota and Jaguar were interested in Webber, but he joined Jaguar in November 2002, replacing the aging Eddie Irvine. Webber was underprepared as his Jaguar R4 car had a highly unreliable Cosworth V10 engine and rapidly wearing rear tyres. At the season's third round, the , he qualified a season-high third but crashed after losing grip driving through water to cool his tyres late in the rain-affected race. Webber scored points seven times in 2003 with his best result being three sixth-places for 10th in the Drivers' Championship with 17 points. Webber crashed less frequently than he had done in F3000, and his qualifying and race pace saw him outperform both Antônio Pizzonia and Wilson. He was touted as a future star despite poor reliability and a weak car package. |
9845_22 | Webber was offered a five-year extension to his contract but signed a two-year extension instead. During the season, Webber contributed to the Jaguar R5's technical development and was consistent year-round, extracting extra car performance and regularly outperforming his Red Bull-backed teammate Christian Klien. He drove the underperforming and unreliable R5 vehicle causing him to retire from 8 out of 18 races. However, Webber scored points four times with a season-high start of second at the and a best finish of sixth at the . He placed 13th overall with 7 points. |
9845_23 | Williams (2005–2006)
Frank Williams, the Williams team owner, was interested in Webber and he and Neal thought driving for the team would advance his career. Webber activated a performance clause that released him from Jaguar if an improved offer came along. Williams released Sauber driver Fisichella from his contract with the team and Webber was signed by Williams to replace Fisichella for . He was granted an early release from Jaguar following the season-ending so he could test for Williams, and prepared for the season by doing fitness training with cyclist Lance Armstrong at a training camp in Texas. |
9845_24 | Webber replaced the Toyota-bound Ralf Schumacher at Williams, and was joined by Nick Heidfeld for most of the season and Pizzonia for the final five races following injury to Heidfeld. The Williams FW27 car was aerodynamically poor due to incorrectly calibrated wind tunnels, lacked race speed and was poor starting, seeing him lose positions after qualifying well. In a pre-season test session in mid-February, he sustained a broken left-side rib and damaged rib cartilage when he did not exercise correctly prior to driving. In the first two races of the season he competed on painkillers prescribed to him by FIA medical director Gary Hartstein to manage the pain from these injuries. Webber finished third in Monaco for his first F1 podium finish and tallied points in ten races in 2005. His best start was second in Spain and qualified within the top five in the first seven rounds. Webber was involved in five race collisions and burnt his right hip in France due to heat generated by an |
9845_25 | failed external electronics box penetrating his car's cockpit. He was 10th in the Drivers' Championship with 36 points, admitting that his reputation faltered. Webber out-qualified Heidfeld nine times, beat him six times and out-qualifying Pizzonia five times that season. |
9845_26 | Although informed by Frank Williams and technical director Patrick Head of his poor performance, Webber remained at Williams for since no other driver wanted to drive for the team. He became distant from Williams and disliked its management because he expected to feel comfortable there; he stayed with the team because he felt "there was something left" and was loyal to Williams, and rejected an offer to join the BMW Sauber team. Webber's teammate that year was GP2 Series champion Nico Rosberg. His FW28 car ran Bridgestone tyres and a Cosworth V8 engine after BMW ended its partnership with Williams and purchased the Sauber team. His unreliable, under-powered car retired inside the top three in both Australia and Monaco early in 2006. Webber was 14th overall tallying 7 points; his best results were two sixth places in Bahrain and San Marino.
Red Bull Racing (2007–2013) |
9845_27 | 2007–2009
Webber did not re-sign with the team after he was offered less money for a two-year contract. Webber became disillusioned with F1 because their press relations would not let competitors speak freely to the press. Briatore directed Webber to the Red Bull Racing team; they became interested in the team after they purchased Jaguar in late 2004 and signed world championship-winning technical director Adrian Newey to design the RB3-Renault car. His switch from Williams to Red Bull was confirmed in August 2006, replacing Klien and partnering the experienced David Coulthard. His move to Red Bull had been surprising as it was formed to promote young drivers and the drinks company. |
9845_28 | Before the season, Webber enquired about Red Bull adviser and junior formula team owner Helmut Marko for his treatment of young drivers and was told by team principal Christian Horner to obey Marko to avoid conflict. The RB3 proved to be a quick but unreliable car, causing Webber to retire seven times during the season. He scored his first points of 2007 when he finished seventh in the United States and took his second career podium finish with a third-place finish at the three races later. Webber scored once more that year with another seventh place at the . He was on course to finish well at the rain-affected until Toro Rosso's Sebastian Vettel crashed into the rear of his car behind the safety car, eliminating both drivers from the race. Webber tallied 10 points for 12th overall and beat his teammate Coulthard 15 times in qualifying. |
9845_29 | Webber remained at Red Bull for the season and was again joined by Coulthard, driving a more reliable RB4 car equipped with a new reliable gearbox and a heavier front. Webber frequently qualified well and scored points at nine of the season's 18 rounds. He occasionally outperformed drivers with better machinery and he scored points in six of the first eight races, which included a season-high fourth at the . He qualified a season-high second for the but finished tenth in the wet-weather race. Thereafter, Webber's performance for the remainder of the season diminished mainly because Red Bull opted to sacrifice speed so it could focus on constructing a new car to comply with the regulation changes being applied for the championship. He scored points three more times in the final nine races for 21 points and 11th in the Drivers' Championship. |
9845_30 | Because of Red Bull's performance, Webber remained at the team for 2009.
Webber sustained multiple injuries in a head-on collision with a car at a charity endurance cycling event in Port Arthur, Tasmania in November 2008, including a fractured right leg. He skipped a three-day pre-season test session held at the Jerez circuit, but was able to regain enough fitness to drive in an F1 car at the 2009 pre-season test sessions at Jerez and Barcelona, due to the late launch of the RB5 car. Webber underwent surgery between events to avoid contracting infections. |
9845_31 | Vettel, who was promoted from Toro Rosso to replace the retiring Coulthard, became Webber's teammate. Webber consistently scored points in seven of the first eight races, including three podium finishes to briefly become a championship contender. His performances improved when the new RB5 car's double diffuser was introduced. At the , Webber overcame a drive-through penalty he incurred for a first-lap collision with Rubens Barrichello's Brawn GP car to achieve his first career victory from his maiden pole position. Webber was informed by Red Bull that he and Vettel could race each other "for the foreseeable future" even when trying to reduce Button's points lead. He moved to second overall after finishing third in Hungary but fell to fourth due to driver, team and reliability errors in the next four races. At the season's penultimate round, the , Webber took his second career victory and held off Button to finish second at the season's final race in Abu Dhabi for fourth overall and |
9845_32 | 69.5 points. |
9845_33 | 2010–2013 |
9845_34 | Webber and Red Bull negotiated a contract extension to the championship to reward his performance in 2009. His RB6 car was designed to channel engine exhaust gases through a bodywork slot to the diffuser's central area for more downforce and cornering speed. A knee training injury forced Webber to delay his preparation because a surgeon conducted a full knee incision. Inactivity during surgery increased Webber's weight to ; a strict diet kept his weight at . Upon his return to racing, he led the Drivers' Championship at various points during the season, achieving four Grand Prix victories and three pole positions. An accident with Rosberg at the and a second-place finish at the following put Webber eight points behind Alonso and seven ahead of Vettel entering the season-ending . Webber need to win the race and for Alonso to place third or lower to secure the championship. He was eighth in the race, which Vettel won and Alonso came seventh. Webber was third overall with 242 points. |
9845_35 | After the season, Webber was angry with Red Bull's management, thinking they devalued his achievements that year. He collided with Vettel in a duel for the lead at the , which cooled his relationship with Marko who blamed Webber for the accident and favoured Vettel, something Webber felt again after Vettel received a new front wing intended for Webber at the . |
9845_36 | He signed an Red Bull contract extension for the season before the , having agreed with the team to sign one-year contracts late in his career for ability and quality assessment. Webber's mental state worsened because he was ready to retire after a title win to stop all negativity related to his racing career. His RB7 car equipped with the kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) and drag reduction system devices and an exhaust-blown diffuser produced lots of rear grip. Webber was hindered by intermittent KERS failures that Red Bull rectified and he was frustrated with the quickly degrading Pirelli tyres losing their performance when a driver was in the aerodynamic turbulence of another car. He made slower starts due to the car's ballast distribution compromised by the KERS' additional weight exacerbated by him weighing more than Vettel. |
9845_37 | Dietrich Mateschitz, Red Bull's owner, directed the team to allow both Webber and Vettel to race each other. Webber came no lower than fifth in the first four races, finishing third and second in China and Turkey. He finished the fourth from pole position. Webber took consecutive pole positions at the British and German Grands Prix and seven podiums from eleven top-tens in the next 13 events. He won the season-ending to take third overall from Alonso with a career-high 258 points. Webber initially struggled with the new Pirelli tyres, producing a greater amount of lateral load than his teammate Vettel and was more aggressive accelerating. His qualifying and race performances improved once he became better acquainted with the tyres. Webber made fewer pit stops by coping strategies used by other drivers after previously stopping more often from racing competitively. |
9845_38 | Webber signed to remained at Red Bull for the season on the day of the . Webber's decision to re-sign was made more difficult in mid-2011 because of his poor qualifying performance on Pirelli tyres but noted the potential of Newey's car designs. The RB8 car was not as dominant as its two predecessors; Webber finished fourth in the first four races, hampered by minor mechanical problems and faulty KERS. He became frustrated with F1 racing after a poor performance at the but he won the from pole position and the three races later after passing Alonso with eight laps left to go second overall behind Alonso. Webber took two more podium finishes in Korea and India during the season's final 11 races, finishing 2012 sixth overall tallying 179 points. |
9845_39 | Webber remained at Red Bull for the championship: he wanted to honour an earlier promise he had made to Horner and Mateschitz to stay at the team until his F1 career was over. He rejected an offer from Ferrari team principal Stefano Domenicali to partner Alonso and replace Felipe Massa for a year with a second optional, feeling switching teams would be inappropriate. He briefly lightened his training over the pre-season period when a titanium rod in his right leg was removed in December 2012. After restarting training that month, Webber decided to retire from F1 after 2013 because he wanted to spend more time with his family, demotivation with F1 since drivers could not criticise Pirelli's tyres for fear of possibly upsetting others and the politics when large sums of money were involved. Webber was assigned Simon Rennie as his race engineer when his previous engineer, Ciaron Pilbeam, became the Lotus team's chief race engineer. |
9845_40 | His RB9 car initially struggled possibly due to its aerodynamic profile on the new softer Pirelli compounds but performed better when the 2012 compounds were re-introduced mid-season. At the , the season's second round, Webber was overtaken by Vettel in the closing laps to win the race after Vettel ignored the team order "Multi-Map 21", which instructed him to finish behind Webber. Tension between both drivers rose as a result and a remark by Webber about Vettel making an independent decision to disobey team orders meant Vettel lost Webber's respect as a person. After that, Webber was aware that the rest of the season would be onerous and tension between him and Vettel would stress Red Bull. He took eight podium finishes, finishing second four more times at the , the , the from pole position and the season-ending . Webber won no races in 2013 and he concluded his final F1 season in third overall with 199 points. |
9845_41 | World Endurance Championship stint with Porsche (2014–2016)
Webber joined Porsche's sports car team upon its return to motor racingr in mid-2013. He moved to sports car racing to get away from the attention associated with F1 and to enjoy the longer intervals between races. Webber shared the No. 20 closed-cockpit Porsche 919 Hybrid sports prototype car with German Timo Bernhard and New Zealander Brendon Hartley in the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC)'s fully-professional Le Mans Prototype 1-Hybrid (LMP1-H) category. |
9845_42 | Although sports car racing was less physically demanding for Webber, he needed consistently high concentration to cope with the difference in speed between each of the WEC's four classes, driving at night, re-adjusting to lapping slower vehicles while losing the least amount of time and coping with changeable conditions during a long race. Webber was advised on modern sports car racing by Bernhard and in turn acquainted Bernhard and Hartley with the circuits he drove in F1. He was mindful on developing the car for his co-drivers and not for himself but directed Porsche to concentrate on research and development projects that optimised performance in the shortest possible time. Webber also helped the team reduce the amount of pit stop time. |
9845_43 | The 2014 season began with Webber qualifying sixth and finishing third at the season-opening 6 Hours of Silverstone. Hybrid technical issues at the following 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps left Webber and his co-drivers 23rd overall. At the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Webber's team qualified the No. 20 car second and retired with a broken anti-roll bar 22 hours in. The next four races saw him finish no lower than sixth, placing third at both the 6 Hours of Fuji and the 6 Hours of Bahrain. At the season-ending 6 Hours of São Paulo, his team qualified on pole position; late in the race, Matteo Cressoni's No. 90 AF Corse-run 8 Star Motorsports Ferrari 458 Italia hit the right-rear of his car, sending Webber into a concrete barrier. Webber sustained a left lung contusion and severe concussion, recovering from the effects of the crash weeks later. He was ninth in the World Endurance Drivers' Championship (WEDC) with 64.5 points. |
9845_44 | Porsche retained Webber for the 2015 season alongside Bernhard and Hartley in the renumbered No. 17 car. Webber and Hartley qualified the car on pole position for the season-opening 6 Hours of Silverstone but Webber had to retire it with drivetrain failure. He was on pole position at the following 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps and finished third after Hartley incurred a stop-and-go penalty for rejoining the track via an escape road. He qualified and finished second at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. before claiming four consecutive victories to enter the season-ending 6 Hours of Bahrain leading Audi's Marcel Fässler, André Lotterer and Benoît Tréluyer by 12 points. Webber and his teammates needed to finish third to win the WEDC. They qualified on pole position and overcame mechanical problems to finish fifth and claim the title with 166 points, five ahead of Fässler, Lotterer and Tréluyer. |
9845_45 | Webber again remained at Porsche alongside Bernhard and Hartley in the renumbered No. 1 entry for the 2016 championship. The crew retired from the season-opening 6 Hours of Silverstone following a collision between Hartley and a slower Porsche GT car. At the following 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, two tyre punctures and a front axle gearbox problem left him 27th overall. Webber began from second at the 24 Hours of Le Mans and finished 13th overall due to a water pump failure that needed fixing when Webber was driving. The rest of the season saw the crew win four of the next six races and qualify on pole position once for fourth in the WEDC with 134.5 points. |
9845_46 | Retirement (2017–present)
Webber decided to retire from motor racing after the season was over. He kept the news secret until going to Japan, citing Porsche's dwindling desire to commit fully to its LMP1 programme and the difficulty of doing "this job half-hearted" with regards of getting motivated to do test sessions and races as reasons.
Webber was due to compete in the American-based short track oval racing series Superstar Racing Experience in 2021; travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic meant Webber was ultimately unable to. |
9845_47 | Driving style |
9845_48 | In describing Webber's driving style, journalist Mark Hughes stated: "The thing he does arguably better than anyone else, is extract every ounce of potential from the car through fast, aerodynamically-loaded corners" since extra lap time could be located in slower turns because the car remains in them for longer. He was able to feel the braking grip of his tyres and could correctly modulate throttle power as grip levels reduced under braking to slow the vehicle down. Entering a braking zone, Webber achieved more retardation rate in a downforce-reliant car than other drivers and as the downforce decreased he was able to modulate pressure and sensitivity well to remain within the tyre's grip limit. His braking pressure force enabled him to translate lap time where the entry speed is high enough to make this possible without brake locking. His driving style, which was refined in downforce-heavy sports cars in the late 1990s, was not suited to a more gentle approach required for driving |
9845_49 | V8 F1 Pirelli-shod cars because of how he managed those brand of tyres that wore out faster than the Bridgestone compounds he was accustomed to. |
9845_50 | Non-driving work
Webber is a brand ambassador of the luxury fashion house Hugo Boss, the car brand Porsche, the watch manufacturer Rolex, the synthetic engine oil brand Mobil 1, the airline carrier Qantas, and the spinal cord injury research charity Wings for Life. In July 2003, he helped to launch that year's Road Safety Handbook aiming to give road safety guides for residents of Milton Keynes. As a result of his endorsement money and salary, he was included in Australia's Top 50 Sports Earners and the BRW Young Rich lists by BRW magazine. From 2009 to 2013, Webber and Horner co-owned the MW Arden junior team that ran in the European-based GP3 Series. He launched the off-road sports clothing brand Aussie Grit for mountain riding and running in 2018, and fronted Porsche and Boss' clothing collections for 2019 and 2020. |
9845_51 | In 2003, Webber began the ten-day adventure challenge trek Mark Webber Challenge featuring cross-country running, cycling and kayaking in Tasmania to raise money for children's cancer charities. He organised it following his grandfather's death from cancer as well as his experiences of friends whose children had cancer. Webber held the challenge again from 2006 to 2008 but not in 2009 and 2010 due to economical problems. He again held the event with corporate and local government sponsorship from 2011 to 2013. Inspire Young People and Webber created the Mark Webber Youth Challenge in 2014 involving college student teams raising money for charity participating in physical activities. He was patron of the Amy Gillett Foundation promoting safer on-road relationships between cyclists and motorists, and of the Aylesbury College Trust. Webber won the F1 pro-am tennis tournament in Barcelona three times. He supported the use of the AI-operated prostate cancer diagnosis device Maxwell Plus |
9845_52 | in Queanbeyan in November 2021 following a reduction in testing during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
9845_53 | Webber has written columns for Autosport, the BBC, and The Sydney Daily Telegraph. He has provided expert analysis on F1 for the British television broadcaster Channel 4 since the season. Webber has done a similar role for Australia's Channel 10, covering the Australian Grand Prix and co-hosting the 2015 Clipsal 500 of the V8 Supercars Championship for the broadcaster. He was guest reporter for two rounds of the 2017 World Rally Championship on Red Bull TV. Since early 2020, Webber has mentored racing driver Oscar Piastri and represents his commercial interests through the management arm JAM Sports Management he founded with his wife and corporate and sports CEO Jason Allen. He authored the book, Up Front – 2010, A Season To Remember, in 2010. Webber's autobiography, Aussie Grit: My Formula One Journey, ghost written by Stuart Sykes, was published in 2015. Webber owned a public house, The Stag, in Mentmore. He joined documentary makers Noah Media Group as an producer and an investor |
9845_54 | in November 2021. |
9845_55 | Assessment and honours
Webber is nicknamed "Aussie Grit" for "his determination in the face of adversity and his patriotism." Bruce Jones described Webber in the book The Story of Formula One: 65 Years of Life in the Fast Lane as having earned "considerable admiration for his straight-talking, honest approach that was devoid of pretence or hyperbole. He is an out-and-out racer cast from something of an old-fashioned mould and as such often seemed an adult in an increasingly infantile world." BBC Sport's Andrew Benson wrote that Webber's "combination of race-winning pace and forthright manner has made him a central figure in F1 over the last decade" and that Webber had "remained true to himself. He is unimpressed with the trappings of F1 and its supposed glamour. And his willingness to follow his own mind is intact." |
9845_56 | In October 2003, Webber was unanimously voted fourth director of the trade union Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA). He was voted out of it in September 2005 since it felt there were too many directors in charge. Webber won the BRDC Bruce McLaren Award in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2009, and 2010 as "the Commonwealth driver who has established the most meritorious performances in international motor racing." In October 2000, he received the Australian Sports Medal for placing second in the 1998 FIA GT Championship and participating in the IF3000 Championship; was voted "Rookie of the Year" by both readers of F1 Racing and Autosport magazines; named "F1 Newcomer of the Year" at the annual Grand Prix Party Awards; was named Autocar's magazine; 2003 F1 Driver of the Year; won the Lorenzo Bandini Trophy in 2006; and the 2009 Innes Ireland Trophy for displaying "courage and sportsmanship" that Innes Ireland epitomised. |
9845_57 | Webber received the Hawthorn Memorial Trophy in 2010 and 2013 as the most successful British or Commonwealth driver during a season; the 2010 GQ Australia Sportsman of the Year; the 2011 DHL Fastest Lap Award for setting more fastest laps than any driver that year with seven; and the 2013 Johnny Wakefield Trophy for recording the year's best lap on the Silverstone GP Circuit. He was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 2017 Australia Day Honours for "distinguished service to motor sport as a competitor and ambassador, and to the community through fundraising and patronage of a range of medical and youth support organisations." Webber was added to the Australian Motor Sport Hall of Fame and the FIA Hall of Fame in 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Racing record
Career summary
Complete FIA GT Championship results
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results |
9845_58 | Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap; small number denotes finishing position)
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap; small number denotes finishing position)
Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed by the winner.
Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links |
9845_59 | 1976 births
Living people
People from Queanbeyan
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
Racing drivers from New South Wales
Formula Ford drivers
Formula Holden drivers
Formula One race winners
British Formula Three Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
FIA GT Championship drivers
International Formula 3000 drivers
BRDC Gold Star winners
Australian Formula One drivers
Minardi Formula One drivers
Jaguar Formula One drivers
Red Bull Formula One drivers
Williams Formula One drivers
FIA World Endurance Championship drivers
Officers of the Order of Australia
Alan Docking Racing drivers
Mercedes-AMG Motorsport drivers
European Formula Racing drivers
Super Nova Racing drivers
Porsche Motorsports drivers |
9846_0 | The 1962–63 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 37th season. They finished in fourth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 32 wins, 25 losses, and 13 ties. Detroit defeated the Chicago Black Hawks four games to two in the Semi-Finals, but lost the Stanley Cup Finals to the Toronto Maple Leafs, four games to one.
This season saw right winger Gordie Howe capture the Art Ross Trophy as the league's leading scorer. He potted 38 goals and added 48 assists for 86 points. Howe was also named winner of the Hart Memorial Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player, his sixth overall.
Offseason
Regular season
Final standings
Record vs. opponents
Schedule and results |
9846_1 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1||W||October 11, 1962||2–1 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||1–0–0
|- align="center"
|2||T||October 13, 1962||0–0 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||1–0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|3||W||October 14, 1962||3–1 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||2–0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|4||W||October 18, 1962||5–3 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||3–0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|5||W||October 21, 1962||3–1 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||4–0–1
|- align="center"
|6||T||October 25, 1962||3–3 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||4–0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|7||W||October 28, 1962||2–0 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||5–0–2
|- |
9846_2 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|8||W||November 1, 1962||4–0 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||6–0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|9||W||November 3, 1962||7–3 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||7–0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|10||W||November 4, 1962||3–1 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||8–0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|11||L||November 8, 1962||1–4 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||8–1–2
|- align="center"
|12||T||November 10, 1962||3–3 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||8–1–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|13||W||November 11, 1962||3–2 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||9–1–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|14||L||November 14, 1962||2–4 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||9–2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|15||L||November 17, 1962||2–3 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||9–3–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" |
9846_3 | |16||W||November 18, 1962||3–1 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||10–3–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|17||L||November 22, 1962||0–3 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||10–4–3
|- align="center"
|18||T||November 24, 1962||1–1 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||10–4–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|19||W||November 25, 1962||3–2 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||11–4–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|20||L||November 29, 1962||0–5 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||11–5–4
|- |
9846_4 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|21||L||December 2, 1962||1–3 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||11–6–4
|- align="center"
|22||T||December 5, 1962||3–3 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||11–6–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|23||W||December 6, 1962||5–3 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||12–6–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|24||L||December 8, 1962||1–2 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||12–7–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|25||W||December 9, 1962||4–3 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||13–7–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|26||W||December 13, 1962||3–2 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||14–7–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|27||W||December 15, 1962||3–1 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||15–7–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|28||L||December 16, 1962||2–5 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||15–8–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" |
9846_5 | |29||L||December 20, 1962||3–5 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||15–9–5
|- align="center"
|30||T||December 23, 1962||2–2 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||15–9–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|31||W||December 25, 1962||2–1 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||16–9–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|32||L||December 26, 1962||4–5 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||16–10–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|33||L||December 29, 1962||1–5 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||16–11–6
|- align="center"
|34||T||December 31, 1962||1–1 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||16–11–7
|- |
9846_6 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|35||L||January 1, 1963||2–4 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||16–12–7
|- align="center"
|36||T||January 6, 1963||5–5 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||16–12–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|37||W||January 10, 1963||3–2 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||17–12–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|38||L||January 12, 1963||1–2 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||17–13–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|39||W||January 13, 1963||4–2 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||18–13–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|40||W||January 17, 1963||5–3 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||19–13–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|41||L||January 19, 1963||1–5 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||19–14–8
|- align="center"
|42||T||January 20, 1963||2–2 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||19–14–9
|- align="center" |
9846_7 | |43||T||January 24, 1963||1–1 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||19–14–10
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|44||L||January 26, 1963||0–3 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||19–15–10
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|45||W||January 27, 1963||5–3 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||20–15–10
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|46||W||January 30, 1963||6–1 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||21–15–10
|- |
9846_8 | |- align="center"
|47||T||February 2, 1963||4–4 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||21–15–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|48||L||February 3, 1963||2–6 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||21–16–11
|- align="center"
|49||T||February 6, 1963||3–3 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||21–16–12
|- align="center"
|50||T||February 7, 1963||3–3 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||21–16–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|51||W||February 10, 1963||2–1 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||22–16–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|52||L||February 13, 1963||2–6 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||22–17–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|53||W||February 16, 1963||3–1 || align="left"| Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||23–17–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|54||L||February 17, 1963||1–6 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||23–18–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" |
9846_9 | |55||L||February 21, 1963||3–5 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||23–19–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|56||L||February 23, 1963||2–3 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||23–20–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|57||W||February 24, 1963||3–2 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||24–20–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|58||L||February 26, 1963||3–4 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||24–21–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|59||L||February 28, 1963||3–5 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||24–22–13
|- |
9846_10 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|60||W||March 2, 1963||7–1 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||25–22–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|61||W||March 3, 1963||3–2 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1962–63) ||26–22–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|62||L||March 5, 1963||3–4 || align="left"| Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||26–23–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|63||L||March 9, 1963||3–5 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||26–24–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|64||W||March 10, 1963||4–3 || align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1962–63) ||27–24–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|65||W||March 14, 1963||9–4 || align="left"| New York Rangers (1962–63) ||28–24–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|66||L||March 16, 1963||3–5 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1962–63) ||28–25–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|67||W||March 17, 1963||4–2 || align="left"| Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||29–25–13 |
9846_11 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|68||W||March 19, 1963||5–1 || align="left"| @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) ||30–25–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|69||W||March 23, 1963||2–1 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||31–25–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|70||W||March 24, 1963||3–2 || align="left"| Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) ||32–25–13
|- |
9846_12 | Player statistics
Regular season
Scoring
Goaltending
Playoffs
Scoring
Goaltending
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;
MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;
Playoffs |
9846_13 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|1||L||March 26, 1963||4–5 || || align="left" | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) || 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|2||L||March 28, 1963||2–5 || || align="left" | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) || 0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|3||W||March 31, 1963||4–2 || || align="left" | Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) || 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|4||W||April 2, 1963||4–1 || || align="left" | Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) || 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|5||W||April 4, 1963||4–2 || || align="left" | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) || 3–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|6||W||April 7, 1963||7–4 || || align="left" | Chicago Black Hawks (1962–63) || 4–2
|- |
9846_14 | |- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|1||L||April 9, 1963||2–4 || || align="left" | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) || 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|2||L||April 11, 1963||2–4 || || align="left" | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) || 0–2
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|3||W||April 14, 1963||3–2 || || align="left" | Toronto Maple Leafs (1962–63) || 1–2
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Awards and honors
Art Ross Trophy: Gordie Howe
Hart Memorial Trophy: Gordie Howe
Gordie Howe, Right Wing, NHL First Team All-Star
Terry Sawchuk, Goaltender, NHL Second Team All-Star
References
Red Wings on Hockey Database
Detroit
Detroit
Detroit Red Wings seasons
Detroit Red Wings
Detroit Red Wings |
9847_0 | Ashington is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, with a population of 27,864 at the 2011 Census. It was once a centre of the coal mining industry. The town is north of Newcastle upon Tyne, west of the A189 and bordered to the south by the River Wansbeck. The North Sea coast at Newbiggin-by-the-Sea is away.
Many inhabitants have a distinctive accent and dialect known as Pitmatic. This varies from the regional dialect known as Geordie. |
9847_1 | History
The name Ashington has the earlier orthography Essendene (today's "sh" rarely developed in writing for that phoneme) which has been referenced since 1170. This may have originated from a given name Æsc, not unknown among Saxon invaders who sailed from Northern Germany. If so he came to the Wansbeck and would have settled in this deep wooded valley near Sheepwash. The "de" in the early orthographies more strongly suggests dene, so ash dene - these trees would have lined it. In the 1700s all that existed of Ashington was a small farm with a few dwellings around it. |
9847_2 | Coal mining
The first evidence of mining is from bell-shaped pits and monastic mine workings discovered in the 20th Century during tunnelling. Ashington developed from a small hamlet in the 1840s when the Duke of Portland built housing to encourage people escaping the Great Famine of Ireland to come and work at his nearby collieries. As in many other parts of Britain, "deep pit" coal mining in the area declined during the 1980s and 1990s leaving just one colliery, Ellington which closed in January 2005. In 2006 plans for an opencast mine on the outskirts of the town were put forward, although many people objected to it. During the heyday of coal-mining, Ashington was considered to be the "world's largest coal-mining village". There is now a debate about whether Ashington should be referred to as a town or a village; if considered as a village it would be one of the largest villages in England.
Growth of the town |
9847_3 | As coal mining expanded, more people left the countryside and settled in Ashington. This led the Ashington Coal Company to build parallel rows of colliery houses. Some newcomers came from as far as Cornwall to make use of their tin-mining skills.
With the growing coal industry came the need for a railway link. Ashington was linked to the Blyth and Tyne Railway in the 1850s, and also to the East Coast Main Line near Ulgham (pronounced Uffham). The railway was used by passenger trains until the Beeching Axe in 1964 closed the railway station, called Hirst railway station, which had opened in 1872. The railway line runs south towards the steep-sided River Wansbeck valley, originally crossed by a wooden viaduct, which was replaced by today's steel-built Black Bridge. |
9847_4 | In 1913 the original Ashington Hospital was built. It was about 1/4 mile from the town centre. The hospital was expanded in the 1950s and '60s with large new wings. This hospital was closed in the mid 1990s and replaced by the new Wansbeck General Hospital which opened on a green-field site on the eastern edge of the town with better links to the A189 Spine Road. The last of the old buildings were demolished in 2004.
Traditionally the area to the east of the railway was called Hirst and that to the west was Ashington proper. Although collectively called Ashington, both halves had their own park: Hirst Park (opened in 1915) in the east and the People's Park in the west. |
9847_5 | The colliery-built houses followed a grid plan. The streets in the Hirst End running north to south were named after British trees, such as Hawthorn Road, Beech Terrace, and Chestnut Street. The east-west running streets were numbered avenues, starting with First Avenue near the town centre, finishing at Seventh Avenue towards the southern end. After the 1920s houses in Ashington were built by the council and were most often semi-detached houses, such as Garden City Villas. These occupied much of the fields in the Hirst area. New estates were built in different areas. The biggest building programme was in the late 1960s and saw Ashington extend south from Seventh Avenue opposite the Technical College towards North Seaton and south eastwards towards the A189. Some of the houses at the north end of Alexandra Road were private homes. During this building programme several new schools were built, for example Coulson Park, Seaton Hirst Middle. Community shops and a social club (the |
9847_6 | Northern) were built off Fairfield Drive. The late 1970s and early 1980s saw construction of Nursery Park opposite the North Seaton Hotel. The late 1980s and 1990s saw the building of the Wansbeck Estate between the River Wansbeck and Green Lane as well as the large Fallowfield Estate. |
9847_7 | In the late 1960s the area by the railway station was developed into Wansbeck Square, housing a supermarket, council offices and a public library, built partly over the railway line.
In 1981 the Woodhorn Pit closed and its chimney was demolished. In the late 1980s this became a museum. In 1988 Ashington Pit was closed and is now occupied by a business park. In the early 2000s maisonette flats in various parts of Hirst were demolished and parts of the Moorhouse and Woodbridge estate opposite Woodhorn Pit were demolished.
The railway was used until recently by the Alcan Aluminium plant, to transport coal to its adjacent power station in the nearby town of Lynemouth. The plant closed in late 2015. The line was put in use again from mid-2017 to transport materials to Lynemouth, for the conversion of the coal-fired power station to produce power from biomass. The Northumberland Line project is reopening a railway passenger service by 2024. |
9847_8 | Ashington Urban District was created in 1896, covering part of the parish of Ashington and Sheepwash and part of the parish of Bothal Demesne, and incorporating Hirst. In 1900 the urban district was enlarged to include North Seaton; then Sheepwash, most of Woodhorn and the remainder of Bothal Demesne in 1935. The urban district survived until 1974, when under the Local Government Act 1972 it became part of the Wansbeck district.
In October 2008, plans to opencast 2m tonnes of coal in Ashington were approved. UK Coal's plans which were first submitted in 2005, would create 60+ jobs.
Geography |
9847_9 | Ashington is in south east Northumberland, which is a largely urban area adjacent to Newcastle. Most of the area is of flat ground formed during the Carboniferous period when ancient tropical swamp forests were buried and formed the coal seams that have given this area its significance. The local geology is of yellow sandstone. The land to the north west of the town is slightly undulating due to mining subsidence, which sometimes causes farmland to be flooded. The south east part of the town is slightly raised giving views to the north. From certain parts of town the Cheviot Hills are visible about to the north. |
9847_10 | The town is roughly square in shape, lying north to south. The town centre is in the north of the town. South of this are residential areas. Farmland is on both east and west flanks. The south part is residential bordered by the River Wansbeck to the south. To the east of the town is the small coastal town of Newbiggin and to the west is the small village of Bothal, also on the River Wansbeck. South of the town is the small village of North Seaton which once had its own pit. North of the town about 2 miles is the village of Linton and north east of the town is Lynemouth.
To the north of the town is Queen Elizabeth II Country Park which contains a lake surrounded by pine woodland plantation. The original Ashington Colliery was on the north west of the town and the smaller Woodhorn Pit was on the north east.
Climate and soil |
Subsets and Splits