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9619_7	cyclones from forming during the winter is the presence of a semi-permanent low-pressure area called the Aleutian Low between January and April. Its effects in the central Pacific near the 160th meridian west cause tropical waves that form in the area to drift northward into the Gulf of Alaska and dissipate or become extratropical. Its retreat in late-April allows the warmth of the Pacific High to meander in, bringing its powerful clockwise wind circulation with it. The Intertropical Convergence Zone departs southward in mid-May permitting the formation of the earliest tropical waves, coinciding with the start of the eastern Pacific hurricane season on May 15. During summer and autumn, sea surface temperatures rise further to reach near in July and August, well above the threshold for tropical cyclogenesis. This allows for hurricanes developing during that time to strengthen significantly.
9619_8	The El Niño–Southern Oscillation also influences the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Northeast Pacific basin. During years with the existence of an El Niño event, sea surface temperatures increase in the Northeast Pacific and average vertical wind shear decreases, resulting in an increase in activity; the opposite happens in the Atlantic basin during El Niño, where increased wind shear creates an unfavorable environment for tropical cyclone formation. Contrary to El Niño, La Niña increases wind shear and decreases sea surface temperatures over the eastern Pacific, while reducing wind shear and increasing sea surface temperatures over the Atlantic.
9619_9	Within the Northeast Pacific, tropical cyclones generally head west out into the open Pacific Ocean, steered by the westward trade windss. Closer to the end of the season, however, some storms are steered northwards or northeastwards around the subtropical ridge nearer the end of the season, and may bring impacts to the western coasts of Mexico and occasionally even Central America. In the central Pacific basin, the North Pacific High keeps tropical cyclones away from the Hawaiian Islands by forcing them southwards. Combined with cooler waters around the Hawaiian Islands that tend to weaken approaching tropical cyclones, this makes direct impacts on the Hawaiian Islands by tropical cyclones rare. Systems Key Discontinuous duration (weakened below tropical storm then restrengthened to that classification at least once) Intensified past tropical storm intensity after exiting basin 1949–1959 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–1999 2000–2009 2010–2019 2020–present Landfalls
9619_10	See also List of Category 1 Pacific hurricanes List of Category 2 Pacific hurricanes List of Category 3 Pacific hurricanes List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes List of Pacific hurricanes List of Pacific hurricane seasons Notes References List Category 0, East Pacific 0, East
9620_0	The Thirteenth Tribe is a 1976 book by Arthur Koestler, in which the author advances the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people. Koestler hypothesized that the Khazars (who may have converted to Judaism in the 8th century) migrated westwards into Eastern Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Khazar Empire was collapsing. Koestler used previous works by Douglas Morton Dunlop, Raphael Patai and Abraham Polak as sources. His stated intent was to make antisemitism disappear by disproving its racial basis. Popular reviews of the book were mixed, academic critiques of its research were generally negative, and Koestler biographers David Cesarani and Michael Scammell panned it. Summary
9620_1	Contents Koestler advances the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people originating in and populating an empire north of and between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Koestler's hypothesis is that the Khazars – who converted to Judaism in the 8th century – migrated westwards into current Eastern Europe (primarily Ukraine, Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Hungary and Germany) in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Khazar Empire was collapsing.
9620_2	At the end of the book's last chapter, Koestler summarizes its content and his intentions as follows: "In Part One of this book I have attempted to trace the history of the Khazar Empire based on the scant existing sources. In Part Two, Chapters V-VII, I have compiled the historical evidence which indicates that the bulk of Eastern Jewry — and hence of world Jewry — is of Khazar-Turkish, rather than Semitic, origin. In the last chapter I have tried to show that the evidence from anthropology concurs with history in refuting the popular belief in a Jewish race descended from the biblical tribe."
9620_3	Sources Mattias Gardell writes that Koestler's thesis is "partly based on amateur anthropology", and its scientific arguments come from The Myth of a Jewish Race (1975) by Raphael Patai and his daughter Jennifer. It also relies on the work of earlier historians, particularly Russian-Israeli historian Abraham Poliak's Hebrew book Khazaria: Toledot mamlakhah yehudit (1951), and the History of the Jewish Khazars (1954) by Douglas Morton Dunlop, the author whom Koestler himself describes as a main source. Neil McInnes writes that Dunlop was, however, "much more tentative" in his conclusions, as were other historians of Khazars, including Peter Golden and Moses Shulvass. Golden himself described the book as "controversial", stating it contained "sweeping claims of Khazar legacy and influence".
9620_4	Koestler's reason for writing it Koestler biographer Michael Scammell writes that Koestler told French biologist Pierre Debray-Ritzen he "was convinced that if he could prove that the bulk of Eastern European Jews (the ancestors of today's Ashkenazim) were descended from the Khazars, the racial basis for anti-Semitism would be removed and anti-Semitism itself could disappear". According to George Urban, Koestler's desire to connect Ashkenazi Jews with Khazars was "based on a tacit belief that the intellectual brilliance of and international influence of Hungarians and Jews, especially Hungarian Jews or Jewish-Hungarians, was due to some unexplained but clearly ancient affinity between the two peoples".
9620_5	Reception In The Invention of the Jewish People, Shlomo Sand, historian of cinema, French intellectual history, and nationalism at Tel Aviv University, writes "while the Khazars scared off the Israeli historians, not one of whom has published a single paper on the subject, Koestler's Thirteenth Tribe annoyed and provoked angry responses. Hebrew readers had no access to the book itself for many years, learning about it only through the venomous denunciations". Writing in The Wall Street Journal, Chronicle of Higher Education editor Evan Goldstein states "Sand suggests that those who attacked Koestler's book did so not because it lacked merit, but because the critics were cowards and ideologues. 'No one wants to go looking under stones when venomous scorpions might be lurking beneath them, waiting to attack the self-image of the existing ethnos and its territorial ambitions.'"
9620_6	In the Arab world the theory espoused in Koestler's book was adopted by persons who argued that if Ashkenazi Jews are primarily Khazar and not Semitic in origin, they would have no historical claim to Israel, nor would they be the subject of the Biblical promise of Canaan to the Israelites, thus undermining the theological basis of both Jewish religious Zionists and Christian Zionists. The Saudi Arabian delegate to the United Nations argued that Koestler's theory "negated Israel's right to exist". Koestler did not see alleged Khazar ancestry as diminishing the claim of Jews to Israel, which he felt was based on the United Nations mandate and not on Biblical covenants or genetic inheritance. In his view, "[t]he problem of the Khazar infusion a thousand years ago... is irrelevant to modern Israel."
9620_7	Koestler's book was praised by the neo-Nazi magazine The Thunderbolt as "the political bombshell of the century", and it was enthusiastically supported by followers of the Christian Identity movement. According to Jeffery Kaplan, The Thirteenth Tribe was "Identity's primary source for the Khazar theory"; they felt Koestler's book confirmed their own beliefs regarding Jews, and sold it "through their mail order services". Goldstein writes that "Koestler and the Khazar theory he advanced lives on in the fever swamps of the white nationalist movement". Michael Barkun writes that Koestler was apparently "either unaware of or oblivious to the use anti-Semites had made of the Khazar theory since its introduction at the turn of the century."
9620_8	Assessment After it was first published, Fitzroy Maclean in The New York Times Book Review called The Thirteenth Tribe excellent, writing "Mr. Koestler's book is as readable as it is thought-provoking. Nothing could be more stimulating than the skill, elegance and erudition with which he marshals his facts and develops his theories." Reviewing the work in the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs in 1991, journalist and author Grace Halsell described it as a "carefully researched book" that "refutes the idea of a Jewish 'race'."
9620_9	Despite some positive reviews in the press, James A. Beverley writes "When The Thirteenth Tribe was released, the academic critique of its research was prompt, public, and generally negative", and Evan Goldstein states that it was "savaged by critics". An August 1976 review in Time magazine described Koestler's theory as "all too facile, despite the obvious effort and time the author spent on his study", and stated that "Koestler offers a blizzard of information but not enough hard facts to support his thesis". A November 1976 review in National Review stated that the work had "neither the value of a well-executed honest piece of scholarship nor the emotional appeal of a polemic – only the earmarks of a poorly researched and hastily written book". Koestler's analysis was described as a mixture of flawed etymologies and misinterpreted primary sources by Chimen Abramsky in 1976 and Hyam Maccoby in 1977.
9620_10	Barkun describes the book as an "eccentric work", and writes that Koestler was "unequipped with the specialist background the subject might be thought to require", but that he "nevertheless made an amateur's serious attempt to investigate and support the theory." Professor of Polish-Jewish history Gershon D. Hundert wrote in 2006 "There is no evidence to support the theory that the ancestors of Polish Jewry were Jews who came from the Crimean Jewish kingdom of Khazaria", describing Koestler as the "best-known advocate" of the theory. In 2009, Jeffrey Goldberg wrote that the book was "a combination of discredited and forgotten [ideas]".
9620_11	Koestler biographers have also been critical of the work. In Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind (1998), David Cesarani states it makes "selective use of facts for a grossly polemical end" and is "risible as scholarship". In Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic (2009), Michael Scammell writes that Koestler's theory "was almost entirely hypothetical and based on the slenderest of circumstantial evidence", and takes the book as evidence that Koestler's brain "was starting to fail him".
9620_12	Genetic research A 2005 study by Nebel et al., based on Y chromosome polymorphic markers, showed that Ashkenazi Jews are more closely related to other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than to the populations among whom they lived in Europe. However, 11.5% of male Ashkenazim were found to belong to Haplogroup R1a, the dominant Y chromosome haplogroup in Eastern Europeans, suggesting possible gene flow. Referencing The Thirteenth Tribe, the study's authors note that "Some authors argue that after the fall of their kingdom in the second half of the 10th century CE, the Khazar converts were absorbed by the emerging Ashkenazi Jewish community in Eastern Europe." They conclude: "However, if the R-M17 chromosomes in Ashkenazi Jews do indeed represent the vestiges of the mysterious Khazars then, according to our data, this contribution was limited to either a single founder or a few closely related men, and does not exceed ~ 12% of the present-day Ashkenazim".
9620_13	Writing in Science, Michael Balter states Koestler's thesis "clash[es] with several recent studies suggesting that Jewishness, including the Ashkenazi version, has deep genetic roots." He refers to a 2010 study by geneticist Harry Ostrer which found that Ashkenazi Jews "clustered more closely with Middle Eastern and Sephardic Jews, a finding the researchers say is inconsistent with the Khazar hypothesis" and concludes "that all three Jewish groups—Middle Eastern, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi—share genomewide genetic markers that distinguish them from other worldwide populations". Geneticist Noah Rosenberg asserts that although recent DNA studies "do not appear to support" the Khazar hypothesis, they do not "entirely eliminate it either." Publication details References
9620_14	1976 non-fiction books Books by Arthur Koestler Ashkenazi Jews topics Khazar studies Judaism-related controversies History books about Jews and Judaism Historiography of Israel 20th-century history books Hutchinson (publisher) books Pseudohistory
9621_0	Patrick Kiernan (born November 20, 1968) is a Canadian-American television host, appearing as the morning news anchor of NY1 since 1997. He is widely known in New York City for his "In the Papers" feature, in which he summarizes the colorful content in New York City's daily newspapers, replete with his deadpan humor. Kiernan has also hosted game shows and appeared in films and on television either as himself or as a reporter.
9621_1	Career Kiernan began his news career in 1988 at CKRA-FM in Edmonton while a business student at the University of Alberta. He later made a transition from radio to television at Edmonton's CFRN News. In 1993, he moved to another Edmonton television station, CITV, where he produced the weekday primetime newscast. Kiernan moved to New York City three years later to work for Time Warner, where he soon became the morning anchor of NY1. Kiernan is usually on air from 5 AM until 10 AM, weekdays. He was on air on the morning of the September 11th terrorist attacks, and remained on air for nearly 15 hours that day. Kiernan also serves as a correspondent for Business News Network in Canada. From 2000 to 2004, Kiernan was the co-anchor of the CNNfn program "The Money Gang." His co-hosts included Christine Romans and two fellow Canadians, Amanda Lang and Ali Velshi. In 2008, Kiernan created Pat's Papers, a website curation of his favorite stories from newspapers across the United States.
9621_2	In January 2011, Kiernan joined TrivWorks as a "Special Host" available for select corporate team building events. In January 2014, Kiernan added an afternoon job to his long-running morning routine, joining WABC (AM) Radio to host a 5 pm weeknight news/talk show recapping the events of the day in and around New York City. He left WABC in early 2015. Kiernan joined Bloomberg TV Canada in 2015 as the host of the channel's Thursday night Bloomberg North program. The half-hour report reviews the week's global business events from a Canadian perspective. The routine of his early morning commute to work at NY1 is the subject of Kiernan's first children's book Good Morning, City, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2016. A starred review in Publishers Weekly explains that "Kiernan knows a lot about how a city shakes off sleep."
9621_3	Kiernan has appeared in cameos as himself or as a reporter in such films as The Interpreter (2005), Night at the Museum (2006), True North (film) (2006), The Son of No One (2011), Iron Man 3 (2013), and The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014). He has been featured in publications including New York magazine ("Morning Star", February 5, 2001), the New York Post ("Dream Job: Pat Kiernan", October 3, 2005), and The New Yorker ("Explainer"; May 21, 2012). On March 7, 2012, he served as guest co-host with Kelly Ripa on Live! with Kelly. The appearance came nearly a year after a New York Magazine article in which he declared his interest in the soon-to-be-vacant job because it was a "rare intersection" of his knowledge of New York City and his passion for pop culture. The New York Daily News covered the March 7 program with a minute-by-minute live blog. In 2013, Canada's Report on Business named Kiernan one of the "16 Canadians We Want Back".
9621_4	Game shows Kiernan has also hosted several game shows, all produced by Michael Davies: Studio 7, which aired on The WB Television Network in the summer of 2004; two seasons of The World Series of Pop Culture, which began airing on VH1 July 10, 2006, and July 9, 2007 respectively. He served as the off-screen "questioner" of the U.S. version of Grand Slam, which premiered on GSN on August 4, 2007. In May 2013 Kiernan joined Crowd Rules as one of the two co-hosts on the small business competition series. The ratings for the series fell below expectations and CNBC has yet to air six of the eight episodes initially produced.
9621_5	Personal life Kiernan was married to Dawn Lerohl on June 4, 1994. They moved to Manhattan in 1996 and are citizens of both the United States and Canada. They used to reside on the Upper West Side, but in April 2012 Kiernan purchased a $2 million townhouse in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. They have two children, Lucy (October 27, 2001) and Maeve (July 12, 2004). Filmography All roles are credited as himself, unless otherwise noted. Film Television References External links 1968 births Living people American television journalists Canadian game show hosts Journalists from Alberta People from Calgary Television anchors from New York City University of Alberta alumni
9622_0	The South Korean pop duo TVXQ have embarked on seven headlining concert tours, one of which has been worldwide, and ten others that were based exclusively in Japan. TVXQ originally debuted as a five-member group in December 2003, with members U-Know Yunho, Max Changmin, Hero Jaejoong, Micky Yoochun, and Xiah Junsu. The group made their headlining debut in February 2006 through their Rising Sun Tour, performing four sell-out shows in South Korea, one show in Thailand, and one show in Malaysia, which was the first K-pop concert held in the country. They visited China and Taiwan for the first time for their O Tour, which commenced in January 2007. Their third and last concert tour as a quinet, the Mirotic Tour, was announced to tour cities beyond South Korea, China, and Thailand throughout 2009 and 2010, but the remaining concert dates were cancelled soon after members Jaejoong, Yoochun, and Junsu entered a legal battle with their Korean agency S.M. Entertainment, subsequently leading to
9622_1	their departure. In January 2011, TVXQ restarted their activities as a duo, with remaining members Yunho and Changmin.
9622_2	The duo held their first worldwide concert, the Catch Me: Live World Tour from November 2012 to July 2013, visiting North America and South America for the first time. In December 2014, the duo celebrated their tenth debut anniversary with the Tistory: Special Live Tour, touring cities in South Korea, China, and Thailand. It was the duo's last headlining concert tour before taking their indefinite hiatus to enlist in South Korea's compulsory military service. Since the completion of their service, TVXQ have headlined three concert tours, two of which were exclusively based in Japan. They performed in Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Indonesia with the Circle – #welcome tour from May 2018 to August 2019.
9622_3	TVXQ's international concert tours often overlapped with their Japanese concert tours. The duo's Japanese tours have set numerous records: they were the first Korean music act to headline a five-Dome tour, the first foreign music act to hold a concert in Japan's largest venue, the Nissan Stadium, and the first and only foreign act to attract over 1 million people on a Japanese tour. Their 2013 Time Tour was the largest, most-attended, and highest-grossing concert series ever held by a foreign music act in Japan at the time; it grossed US$93 million in concert tickets and attracted over 850,000 people. The duo set new attendance and revenue records in 2017 with their Begin Again Tour, mobilizing over 1.28 million fans and grossing US$110 million in ticket sales, as well as becoming the first and only foreign act to play at the Nissan Stadium for three consecutive days. Rising Sun Tour
9622_4	The 1st Concert: Rising Sun, also known as The 1st Asia Tour: Rising Sun, was the debut concert tour by South Korean pop group TVXQ, launched in support of the group's second Korean studio album, Rising Sun (2005). The tour had six dates in Asia, starting with four shows in Seoul, South Korea from February 10 to 13, 2006 at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena. The last show on February 13 was filmed and recorded for the CD and DVD release; the CD was released on July 12, 2006, and the VCD and DVD were released on January 18, 2007. The release came with additional concert and backstage footage, interviews, a behind-the-scenes making, and a 50-page photobook. The tour's first overseas stop was in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on July 14, performing to 15,000 fans in the Putra Indoor Stadium. TVXQ were the first Korean music act to headline a concert in the country. Labelmates Super Junior opened the concert with a performance of their single, "U."
9622_5	The Rising Sun Tour featured solo performances of each TVXQ member. Xiah Junsu performed a cover of Blue's 2001 debut single "All Rise" and invited Super Junior member Eunhyuk to perform as a guest rapper. Max Changmin covered Michael Jackson's "The Way You Make Me Feel", but due to copyright restrictions, his performance was cut off from the CD and DVD setlist. Guest acts Eunhyuk Super Junior Setlist O Tour Mirotic Tour TVXQ! The 3rd Asia Tour “Mirotic” was the third international concert tour of the South Korean pop group TVXQ!, in line with their fourth studio album, Mirotic. The tour marked the return of TVXQ! after performing the 2007-08 TVXQ! The 2nd Asia Tour Concert “O” and the final tour involving all five members of the group before the split-up. The tour commenced with 3 shows in Seoul in February 2009 and continued onto Nanjing, Bangkok, Beijing and Shanghai.
9622_6	Jaejoong covered Deulgukhwa’s "It’s Only My World”, a song from 1985. Changmin performed a Christian cover song, “Upon This Rock” by Sandi Patty. “Xiahtic” was self-composed, written and arranged by Junsu specifically for his solo performance. SHINee’s Key, being a special guest, performed the rap for this song for the shows in Seoul, Nanjing, Beijing and Shanghai. In Bangkok, Yoochun took over Key’s part due to his inability to attend the concert. Yunho sung an upbeat song of his own composition, “Checkmate”, throughout the whole tour. Yoonchun also performed "Love by love", a self-composed song. On July 31, 2009, the live CD that was recorded from February 20 to 22, 2009 was first released, while the DVD was released on December 30, 2009.
9622_7	“Xiahtic” and “Checkmate” were later released in Japanese as B-sides for the 29th single Break Out! and 30th single Toki Wo Tomete, respectively in 2010. Break Out! was released in Japan on January 21 and Toki Wo Tomete on March 24 as the last release of TVXQ! as a five-member group. Setlist Note: The show at the Shenzhen Stadium in China scheduled on November 21 was cancelled due to Jaejoong, Junsu, and Yoonchun's legal dispute with SM Entertainment Catch Me Tour Tistory Tour Tistory: Special Live Tour (stylized as TVXQ! Special Live Tour – T1ST0RY), also known as the tenth anniversary tour, was the fifth world concert tour (twelfth overall) by South Korean pop duo TVXQ. The set list consisted of TVXQ's greatest hits. The tour was the duo's last headlining concert tour before taking their hiatus to enlist in South Korea's compulsory military service.
9622_8	The name "Tistory" (T1ST0RY; pronounced "tee-story") is coined from the combination of the letter "T" (from "TVXQ") and the word "history." The "i" and "o" in the word "history" is replaced with the numbers "1" and "0" to symbolize the duo's tenth year. The concert was produced by Shim Jae-won and promoted by Dreammaker Entertainment in South Korea. Background TVXQ's tenth anniversary promotions started in December 2013, when they held a two-day special concert to commemorate their decade in the Korean music industry. The concert, titled Time Slip, was part of S.M. Entertainment's winter music festival SMTown Week. Time Slip was held in Seoul's Olympic Gymnastics Arena on December 26 and 27, 2013. The two encore shows were called T1ST0RY &...! and was held at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena from June 13 and 14, 2015.
9622_9	Broadcasts and recordings The first two concerts in Seoul, South Korea were filmed. The DVD, which also includes behind-the-scene footage and a 100-page photobook, was released on May 29, 2015. The final encore concert on June 14, 2015, was broadcast live at the multi-complexes S.M. COEX Artium in Seoul, South Korea and Studio Coast in Tokyo, Japan. It sold 100,000 tickets in total, grossing approximately US$4 million. The concert film was re-released at the S.M. COEX Artium with surround viewing features on July 10. On December 26, TVXQ's twelfth anniversary, S.M. debuted the TVXQ! Special Hologram Concert 'T1ST0RY &…!’ + α at the SMTOWN Theatre. The virtual concert, which features TVXQ performing in projected screens, is approximately 35 minutes long. The set list includes "Spellbound", "Humanoids", "Catch Me", "Keep Your Head Down", "Something", and "Ten".
9622_10	{{hidden \| headercss = background: lavender; font-size: 100%; width: 65%; \| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 75%; \| header = Set list in Seoul (2014) \| content =
9622_11	"Catch Me" "Double Trouble" "Rising Sun (순수)" (Remix) "그 대신 내가 (Beside)" "갈증 (Smoky Heart)" Max Changmin solo: "Heaven's Day" "믿기 싫은 이야기 (How Can I)" "Love in the Ice" (Korean version) "오늘밤 (Moonlight Fantasy)" "너의 남자 (Your Man)" "뒷모습 (Steppin')" / "Destiny" / "Off Road" "Love Again" U-Know Yunho solo: "Bang" Acoustic ballad medley part 1: "믿어요 (Believe)" / "My Little Princess (있잖아요...)" / "You Only Love" / "Tonight" Acoustic ballad medley part 2: "낙원 (Paradise)" / "She" / "넌 나의 노래 (You're My Melody)" "Rise..." "Android" (Korean version) / "Humanoids" "B.U.T (Be-Au-Ty)" (Korean version) "I Don't Know" (Korean version) "Show Me Your Love" "Crazy Love" "Somebody to Love" (Korean version) "Something" "수리수리 (Spellbound)" "왜 (Keep Your Head Down)" Encore "Ten (10 Years)" "Here I Stand" "항상 곁에 있을게 (Always With You)" }}
9622_12	{{hidden \| headercss = background: lavender; font-size: 100%; width: 65%; \| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 75%; \| header = Encore set list in Seoul (2015) \| content =
9622_13	"Catch Me" "Maximum" "Rising Sun (순수)" (Remix) "그 대신 내가 (Beside)" "갈증 (Smoky Heart)" Max Changmin solo: "Heaven's Day" "믿기 싫은 이야기 (How Can I)" "Love in the Ice" (Korean version) "오늘밤 (Moonlight Fantasy)" "너의 남자 (Your Man)" "뒷모습 (Steppin')" / "Destiny" / "Off Road" "Love Again" U-Know Yunho solo: "Champagne" Acoustic ballad medley part 1: "믿어요 (Believe)" / "My Little Princess (있잖아요...)" / "You Only Love" / "Tonight" Acoustic ballad medley part 2: "Drive" / "Hi Ya Ya" / "The Way U Are" / "넌 나의 노래 (You're My Melody)" "Starlight" "Rise..." "Android" (Korean version) / "Humanoids" "O-Jung.Ban.Hap." "Mirotic" "Crazy Love" "Balloons" "Somebody to Love" (Korean version) "Something" "수리수리 (Spellbound)" "왜 (Keep Your Head Down)" Encore "Ten (10 Years)" "Here I Stand" "항상 곁에 있을게 (Always With You)" Double encore "Hug" }}
9622_14	Notes A In the last two encore performances for Seoul, Donghae & Eunhyuk joined Changmin on stage for the show on June 13. EXO members Xiumin, Chen, and Baekhyun were the guest performers on June 14. Circle Tour The Circle Tour is the sixth concert tour by the South Korean pop duo TVXQ. The tour's first concert, Circle – #welcome (stylized as TVXQ! CONCERT -CIRCLE- #welcome) was held at the Jamsil Supplementary Stadium in Seoul, South Korea on May 5, 2018. It was the duo's first concert in South Korea in 2 years and 11 months. The tour also performed shows in Hong Kong and Bangkok, Thailand. The encore tour titled Circle – #with (stylized as TVXQ! CONCERT -CIRCLE- #with) opened in Seoul on the KSPO Dome on March 9, 2019. It went on to have shows in Hong Kong, Bangkok, Jakarta, Indonesia and Taipei, Taiwan. The DVD for Circle – #welcome was released on March 27, 2019. Cancelled shows Beyond the T Japan tours Showcases Rising Sun Showcase
9622_15	The 3rd Album "O"-Jung.Ban.Hap. Showcase Giving Young Adults Dreams And Hope- "TVXQ’s Fall Mini Concert" TVXQ! Welcome Back Party "The Chance Of Love" Fan meetings Cassiopeia Special Day With TVXQ 5th Anniversary Special Party Cassiopeia Special Day With TVXQ 2013 TVXQ! Special Comeback Live - YouR PresenT References Lists of concert tours Lists of concert tours of South Korean artists Lists of events in South Korea South Korean music-related lists K-pop concerts by artist
9623_0	Jonathan Keith "Jack" Idema (May 30, 1956January 21, 2012) was a former U.S. Army reserve special operations non-commissioned officer. In September 2004 he was found guilty of running a private prison in Afghanistan and torturing Afghan citizens. At the time, Idema had been portraying himself as a U.S. government-sponsored special forces operative on a mission to apprehend terrorists. However, the U.S. government has repeatedly denied most of such claims. Idema served three years of a ten-year sentence. He was released early by Afghanistan's then-president Hamid Karzai in April 2007, departing Afghanistan in early June. Idema died of AIDS in Mexico in late January 2012. Early life Idema was raised in Poughkeepsie, New York, graduating from high school there in 1974. In February 1975 he enlisted in the U.S. Army. His father H. John Idema, a former Marine and World War II veteran, believed that his son was a "dedicated American". H. John Idema died in November 2008.
9623_1	Military service There is a discrepancy between what Idema says his military experience was as a member of the U.S. Army Special Forces and what is stated in his official military record. Idema has repeatedly stated on television, radio, and in writing that he acquired 12 years of Special Forces service, 22 years of combat training, and 18 years of covert operations experience. Idema's military career was short and contained several reports of poor performance, with no record that he acquired any combat experience. Two years after enlisting in the Army in 1975, he qualified for the Special Forces.
9623_2	According to his military record obtained in the course of his 1994 fraud trial, after serving one term of service, Idema was not allowed to reenlist, likely due to poor performance. He had received numerous negative remarks from superior officers in addition to participating in three non-judicial punishment proceedings. Idema was cited for "failure to obey orders, being derelict in the performance of his duty, and being disrespectful to a superior commanding officer." One superior officer, Capt. John D. Carlson stated that Idema "is without a doubt the most unmotivated, unprofessional, immature enlisted man I have ever known."
9623_3	However, he was given an honorable discharge and allowed to join the United States Army Reserve 11th Special Forces Group working to provide logistical support. In a November 1, 1980 letter of reprimand, Major Paul R. Decker wrote that Idema "consistently displayed an attitude of noncooperation with persons outside his immediate working environment, disregard for authority and gross immaturity characterized by irrationality and a tendency toward violence." In January 1981, Idema was relieved of his Army Reserve duties; his last position was the assistant sergeant of operations and intelligence. After leaving the Army Reserves, he became a member of the Individual Ready Reserve until he left the military completely in 1984.
9623_4	Business interests Several years after he left the Army, Idema became involved in the paintball business, opening a paintball supply and equipment company in Fayetteville, North Carolina, named Idema Combat Systems. He later segued that business into a paramilitary clothier and supply company operating under the same name. Sometime in the early 1980s Idema founded Counterr Group (also known as US Counter-Terrorist Group), a business entity which, according to its website, specializes in expert training for counter-terrorism, assault tactics and other security-related services.
9623_5	Counterr Group's legal status and ownership is questionable; according to a Soldier of Fortune article published in 2004, Idema is mentioned as the owner. The company website lists a PO Box address in North Carolina, but there is no record of the company's registration in that state. However, a company called "Counter Group, Inc." was incorporated in 1997 by William L. London, a lawyer who has represented Idema in several lawsuits. (The status for this company is listed as "suspended" as of 2004.)
9623_6	Counterr Group Academy was operational for at least ten years, from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. It was based at a small airstrip south of Route 199 in Red Hook, New York. There were several permanent staff, as well as visiting staff, all under the direction of Keith Idema. At least ten formal courses of training were offered. These included basic firearm safety, offered to the general public, as well as pistol, rifle and shotgun programs in both assault and combat roles, offered only to active military servicemen and police. Rappelling, both with and without a firearm component, was offered at the on-ground rappelling tower. The facilities included both interior and exterior "Hogan's Alley" style environments, equipped with reactive targets. Courses consisted of both classroom study and field exercises.
9623_7	All advanced training was in a live-fire environment. Combat and assault courses lasted for three days. Trainees, up to 20 per course, lived and slept on the premises. Nighttime courses were conducted with starlight scopes. The only company in North Carolina registered to Jonathan Idema is Idema Combat Systems, which, according to state records, was incorporated in January 1991 and dissolved in July 1994. Moreover, the websites for Counter Group are registered to Thomas R. Bumback, a business associate of Idema's who is believed to be the company's current director. There is a record of Counterr Group being formed in Poughkeepsie, New York in 1983, but the company is listed as "inactive." Idema also owned a company called Special Operations Exposition and Trade Show Inc., which hosted organized conventions for military equipment suppliers.
9623_8	There are two other known companies, Isabeau Dakota, Inc. and Star America Aviation Company, Ltd., that have connections to Idema. The latter claims to be an aviation support company founded in July 2008 with operations based out of Dubai. Both companies are registered to William "Skip" London in North Carolina, but Isabeau Dakota is listed as a shell company; its last annual report, filed in 2002, identifies "H. John Idema" (Idema's father) of Poughkeepsie, New York as president and sole officer, and it lists no significant assets or business activity. The website for Star America Aviation is also registered to Bumback and the websites for Counterr Group and Star America Aviation are very similar, including the use of imagery depicting Idema, while he was in Afghanistan and prior to his arrest. Idema's former Afghan charity "Northern Alliance Assistance" at 450 Robeson Street, Fayetteville, NC 28302 is now listed as a dog kennel.
9623_9	Fraud conviction In addition to his occasional entrepreneurial pursuits, Idema had a substantial criminal record. Over the years, Idema was charged with impersonating an officer, conspiracy, passing bad checks, assault, possession of stolen property, and discharging a firearm into a dwelling. In January 1994, Idema was arrested and charged with 58 counts of wire fraud defrauding 59 companies of about $260,000. He was convicted of the charges, sentenced to six years in prison (paroled after having served three years) and was subsequently ordered to pay restitution. Lawsuits Idema was involved in multiple lawsuits, including suits against journalists, an aid worker, a colonel, his father, and the United States government. A prominent lawsuit was against Steven Spielberg and Dreamworks Studios, in which Idema contended that he was the basis of a character in the 1997 Dreamworks film "The Peacemaker". The claim was dismissed, and Mr. Idema was ordered to pay $267,079 in legal fees.
9623_10	On August 15, 2001, a jury awarded Idema $781,818 for property damage and $1 million for punitive damages. The award came after a jury decided that a property manager improperly sold some of his belongings while Idema was serving his fraud sentence. Two property managers were hired by Idema to take care of a building that housed equipment for two of his businesses, Special Operations Exposition and Trade Show Inc., and Idema Combat Systems. According to the lawsuit, equipment was missing, damaged or destroyed, and holes were punched in the walls of the building. Idema sued both property managers and their wives on April 10, 2000, but everyone except for one property manager was later dropped from the suit. Idema never collected the $1.8M because the property manager that was found liable declared bankruptcy and Idema settled for $650K that he obtained through law suits filed against insurance carriers. Idema's father was the insured.
9623_11	In June 2005, an investigator sued Idema alleging that he wasn't paid when Idema won the $1.8M lawsuit. The investigator claimed that Idema orally agreed to pay 15% of any amount collected, he also claimed that Idema failed to pay court reporters, expert witnesses, and others who helped him with his case. Lithuania and nuclear weapons smuggling In 1993 Idema was contracted to train police forces in the former Soviet republic of Lithuania. After his return, he contacted officials from both the Pentagon and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), claiming to have uncovered a conspiracy by the Russian Mafia to smuggle nuclear material out of Lithuania. According to Idema, FBI agents demanded he provide the names of his contacts. He refused, claiming that the FBI was infiltrated by KGB agents and that his sources would have been killed.
9623_12	It was around this time that Idema was being investigated for wire fraud and eventually convicted in 1994. The FBI began their investigation into Idema's activities as early as May 1991, before he even approached the Bureau about Lithuania. Afghanistan Entry and credentials Illegal entry into Afghanistan was one of the charges leveled against Idema and two other Americans accompanying him, former soldier Brent Bennett and television journalist Edward Caraballo. That charge was eventually dropped. Idema first traveled to Afghanistan in November 2001 to conduct what he said was "humanitarian relief" work, when he was actually working for National Geographic TV with Gary Scurka. It was at this time that he involved himself in the research Robin Moore was conducting for his book The Hunt for Bin Laden.
9623_13	According to Scurka, a reporter for CBS News, Idema contacted him a few weeks after the September 11 terror attacks and announced he was going to Afghanistan to do humanitarian-aid work, saying he was to work with Knightsbridge International and the Partners International Foundation, two aid groups run by former military personnel. This led to Scurka and Idema presenting a film documentary project for National Geographic.
9623_14	Idema, Scurka, and Greg Long traveled to Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where they were arrested for visa problems and held in a cell overnight. The three were freed after their captors received a letter from the US embassy in Uzbekistan, written by an officer in the US Defense Attache's Office, describing Idema and Scurka as "contracting officers from the Defense Department who arrived in Uzbekistan for an official trip." The letter, which was verified as authentic by the director of the Department of State's press office, was dated November 2, 2001, and asked Uzbekistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs for help in issuing visas to Idema, Gary Scurka, and Greg Long.
9623_15	Greg Long was a member of Partners International Foundation. Idema then joined Partners International Foundation at the same time Scurka received a National Geographic assignment to produce a documentary on humanitarian aid work in Afghanistan. A memo signed by the president of National Geographic TV says Scurka would be going to Afghanistan with Knightsbridge International, and the leader of Knightsbridge, Edward Artis, would be working with Idema. Artis was sued by Idema. Author Robert Young Pelton believes that Idema then used those letters and what appeared to be a falsified or modified military ID. Idema claimed he had a visa similar to those carried by US Special Forces to convince the Afghan commanders and other people of his official status.
9623_16	After Idema entered Afghanistan, both humanitarian organizations quickly became wary of Idema's intentions. In December 2001, Edward Artis, director of Knightsbridge, wrote to the U.S. Army Special Operations Command warning them of Idema's activities, stating: Idema later filed suit against Artis and Knightsbridge, but the case was dismissed and a monetary judgement was in turn placed against him.
9623_17	Activities Idema led a group he called "Task Force Saber 7", consisting of two other Americans and several Afghans. The group may have been operating in Afghanistan with independent financial backing or with funds from two lawsuit settlements Idema had won a few years earlier, one of which was for $1.8 million. He frequently interacted with reporters, often going to great lengths in his interviews to stress connections with the CIA and Special Forces. Some supporters suggest that he was a former member of an unspecified covert operations unit, reactivated and positioned in Afghanistan to hunt for Osama Bin Laden as part of Alec Station. A relationship to the Northern Alliance was denied by their official representative in the United States.
9623_18	Some critics of Idema claim that his attempts to create a high profile with the media make it unlikely that Idema was officially connected with any branch of the military; covert operatives go to great lengths to avoid public appearances and media, and are barred from unauthorized contact. The fact that Caraballo, who was not a soldier, was with Idema in Afghanistan to document his activities strained credibility that Idema was operating covertly. Idema was known to have a volatile temper that seemed to be particularly directed against news correspondents assigned to Kabul. On several occasions, Idema threatened journalists with bodily harm or death, and in one particular instance, at a dinner in December 2001, he threatened to kill a reporter from Stars and Stripes because the reporter had disclosed Idema's fraud conviction.
9623_19	It has been recorded that Idema did frequently contact the Defense Department through the front office of General William G. Boykin in the Pentagon, and that his information was duly acknowledged. However, all of those contacts were outside the US Military operating channels, and were all one-sided calls from Afghanistan via his (Idema's) personal satellite phone. Boykin's office repeatedly asked Idema to stop making these unsolicited phone calls, because they were disruptive and time-consuming, and Boykin could not be of assistance. Idema continued calling Boykin's office to establish some sort of self-serving relationship until his arrest. While the US government was aware of Idema's activities in Afghanistan, they stated there was unequivocally no relationship between them.
9623_20	The United States Central Command stated that Coalition forces received one detainee from Idema on May 3, 2004. Idema claimed that the individual was associated with the Taliban. Once in US custody, however, the detainee was determined not to be who Idema claimed, and was released in the first week of July. The United States was not the only government that had contact with Idema in Afghanistan. On three occasions, Idema tricked the Canadian-led NATO mission into providing explosives experts and bomb-sniffing dogs. According to a spokesman for the ISAF, Idema called for and received technical support after his vigilante team raided compounds on the 20th, 22nd, and 24th of June 2004. ISAF personnel believed they were "providing legitimate support to a legitimate security agency."
9623_21	Idema also received assistance from Yunus Qanooni, former minister, senior Afghan government security advisor, and influential member of the Northern Alliance. In one video tape presented at Idema's trial, Yunus Qanooni thanked Idema for uncovering an assassination plot against him. In the same tape, Qanooni volunteered his personal security troops to help Idema with arrests. Another tape appeared to show Qanooni's forces assisting Idema in a house raid. On July 4, 2004, the United States Central Command released a media advisory that read: In perhaps the most terse assessment of Idema's alleged involvement in Operation Enduring Freedom, Billy Waugh, senior CIA covert operative and decorated former Green Beret who was a member of the Agency-run "Jawbreaker" team, said:
9623_22	Arrest, trial and sentencing Idema and his associates Brent Bennett and Edward Caraballo were arrested on July 5, 2004 by Afghan police during a raid in which they found eight Afghan men (some hanging from their feet) bound and hooded in detention. The arrest of Idema occurred only about three months after 60 Minutes II broke the story about the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal.
9623_23	Idema claimed to have had private contact with Lieutenant General Boykin and several other senior Pentagon officials, and at his trial introduced taped conversations with staff of General Boykin's office, although not directly with Boykin himself. In the conversations, the staff members said that they would pass Idema's information along to proper authorities. However, the judge stated that the videos were "inconclusive" and that he lacked concrete, documentary evidence. American Embassy officials stated that as far as they knew, neither Mr. Idema nor anyone in his group was working for a government agency, and the military issued statements saying Idema was impersonating government or military officials and did not represent either.
9623_24	He further tried to prove his official status when he claimed to be working for the US Counter Terrorism Group, the same group that some sources say he founded. He claimed his group had prevented assassination attempts on Education Minister Yunus Qanooni and Defense Minister Marshal Mohammad Qasim Fahim. He also claimed the FBI interrogated several militants captured by his group and that after his arrest, the FBI removed from his premises hundreds of videos, photos and documents. Some of the pieces were later returned to Idema and his defense team. One of the videotapes shows Afghanistan's former education minister Yunus Qanooni thanking Idema for the arrest of two people, and offering his full cooperation in future raids.
9623_25	The Defense Department's only official contact with Idema was accepting one prisoner who was held for a month by the US military, but added that officials declined his offer to work with the government in capturing terror suspects in Afghanistan. In early 2004, Idema was in contact with Heather Anderson, the Pentagon's Acting Director of Security. Anderson was under the supervision of the chief official responsible for intelligence matters in Donald Rumsfeld's office. Idema told the Afghan court that Anderson commended his work, but Anderson said she later turned down Idema's request to work in Afghanistan for the Pentagon. Idema continued to contact Anderson's office in hopes of establishing a relationship.
9623_26	Idema, Caraballo and Bennett were charged with entering the country illegally, running a private prison, and torture. John Tiffany served as Idema's attorney. During the trial, Idema charged that he, Caraballo, and Bennett were being beaten while in Afghan custody; however, US authorities stated the men were being treated humanely. On 15 September 2004, a three-judge Afghan panel headed by Judge Abdul Baset Bakhtyari sentenced both Idema and Bennett to a ten-year prison term, while Caraballo received eight years. Idema and Bennett's sentences were later cut to five and three respectively. Caraballo claimed he was filming Idema and Bennett for a documentary on counterterrorism. Four Afghans working with Idema were sentenced to between one and five years imprisonment. Caraballo was later pardoned by President Hamid Karzai and later returned to the United States. Bennett was freed early for good behavior on September 30, 2006.
9623_27	Caraballo's lawyer said that the day before Caraballo left Afghanistan, Caraballo and Bennett lived in a filthy 6x8 ft. cell with four suspected Al-Qaeda terrorists; the American prisoners were moved to a different prison for better protection. In a more recent assessment, the cell in which the prisoners lived was described as "posh". Amnesty and refusal to leave prison On April 10, 2007, the Associated Press reported that Idema would soon be released from prison and then sent back to the United States, and that the Afghan government had granted him amnesty. However, under the amnesty that commuted his sentence he was effectively released on April 4.
9623_28	Idema refused to leave the prison, first demanding that his passport, personal effects, and documents that he says proves his official connection with the US government be returned to him. According to him, he was owed compensation for $500,000 worth of equipment, mostly computers, weapons and cameras, that was confiscated by the Afghan government when he was arrested. Having obtained through the offices of the U.S. Embassy in Kabul a new passport as well as money to apply for a visa to India, Idema insisted that his belongings be returned and that a pet dog previously owned by Bennett be allowed to travel with him.
9623_29	Idema also filed another lawsuit against the US government, reaffirming allegations initially made in 2005 that he and his associates had been illegally imprisoned, except that this time, Idema was claiming that he was tortured. According to US District Judge Emmet G. Sullivan, "Petitioners allege that United States officials ordered their arrest, ordered their torture, stole exculpatory evidence during their trial and appeal, exerted undue influence over Afghan judges, and either directly or indirectly ordered judges who found petitioners innocent not to release petitioners from prison." This was a shift from the earlier strategy on the part of Idema to exonerate himself on the basis that he was acting on a Pentagon-approved mission. Instead the focus was on the trial itself, specifically whether or not due process was observed, with the added claim of being a torture victim. In both instances Idema accused the U.S. government of deliberately withholding information.
9623_30	Judge Sullivan subsequently ordered the FBI and the US Department of State to answer the allegations. Attorneys from the US Justice Department have requested the case be dismissed on the grounds that Idema's sentence had been commuted. Idema's lawyer said the government coordinated Idema's amnesty to avoid having to respond to allegations of misconduct.
9623_31	Idema's allegations of withheld evidence were originally made during his Afghan trial in 2004. When the men were arrested in early July, the tapes were confiscated by the FBI. Caraballo's lawyer, Michael Skibbie, claims that he was only allowed to access a portion of the tapes weeks after he requested access. Several of the tapes were used; however, Skibbie said several important tapes were damaged, missing or partly erased after the FBI took custody of them. Some of the footage Skibbie obtained was shown in court. The court tapes showed Idema being greeted at an airport by high level Afghan officials, Idema being thanked by Yunus Qanuni, Qanooni's troops working with Idema, captured suspects confessing during interrogation, and ISAF forces helping Idema.
9623_32	As he was playing out his legal options, Idema said that another reason he hadn't left was because he feared for his life, ostensibly at the hands of the Afghan government. "I could drive through the Policharki gates right now. Then what happens? I get arrested. [The intelligence service] will arrest me for not having an Afghan visa and they'll torture me and kill me. If I'm lucky, I'm only going to be tortured," he said. On June 2, 2007, Idema left the prison and was immediately flown out of the country.
9623_33	Personal life After leaving Afghanistan, Idema moved to Mexico to become a proprietor of Blue Lagoon Boat Tours out of Bacalar, on the Yucatan Peninsula, under the name of "Black Jack". He was charged by his former girlfriend Penny Alesi of infecting her with HIV when he knew he had the disease. His arrest warrant and publicity surrounding the wife beating charges were picked up in a number of local Mexican newspapers and the US media, including Wired Danger Room, Virginian Pilot and as well as blogs. He claimed to have had nine wives, according to Alesi, although only one of them may have been legal, and at his death, he was listed as having no immediate survivors. According to his father's obituary notice, Idema is said to be a "Green Beret with an organization involved in the War on Terror."
9623_34	Relationship with the media Idema had some success convincing members of the media that he was a terrorism expert. This allowed him to secure interviews and in some instances get his "terrorism videos" broadcast on television. After indicating to journalists that he had the videos in his possession, he would usually agree to provide them in exchange for money. Since Idema's questionable history has come to light, the news media has been criticized for its willingness to distribute any content or information coming from him.
9623_35	Questionable behavior At the center of the controversy is Idema's claim that while in Afghanistan he was acting on behalf of the U.S. government and that he was an advisor to the Northern Alliance. At other times, Idema told people he was in Afghanistan doing humanitarian work or that he was a "security consultant" for journalists. He also actively sought media attention for himself and his activities, to the point of offering interviews in return for payment, even though he himself said he was operating covertly.
9623_36	Many believe Idema to be a con artist or impostor, based on his refusal or inability to demonstrate verifiable proof for his claims, on legal records that contradict his assertions about his background, as well as on a prior conviction for mail fraud and a history of criminal activity. Some have suggested that he may also be delusional in having concocted a fantasy-type personality for himself as a highly trained covert operative combating international terrorism, despite a brief and mostly non-notable military record (which states that Idema was in the Special Forces strictly in a support capacity). This opinion was echoed by Major Scott Nelson, the U.S. military spokesperson in Kabul at the time of Idema's arrest in 2004. The judge in Idema's 1994 fraud trial also questioned Idema's psychological state and ordered him to undergo evaluation prior to his sentencing. The report said that while he was not "mentally ill", Idema had a "personality disorder which would affect his
9623_37	interaction with persons exhibiting similar traits, such as supervisors, attorneys, doctors, judges and other persons in positions of power or authority."
9623_38	In the early 1990s, Idema said he had uncovered a plot by the Russian mafia to smuggle nuclear weapons out of Russia. Before that he said he participated in covert operations in Latin America. Furthermore, he said that as a soldier he parachuted out of airplanes accompanied by his dog Sarge, who was also trained as a bomb-sniffer. (Idema reportedly saved Sarge's genetic material with the hopes of later cloning the pet.) Idema was not without supporters, usually found among blogs sympathetic to his situation. The contributors to these blogs believe that he is being unjustly punished for actions condoned, if not officially sanctioned, by the U.S. military. However, there has been little support for Idema's claims in general media outlets. Indeed, many members of the media who encountered Idema while they were on assignment in Afghanistan regard him as a fraud.
9623_39	Lithuania In 1995, while Idema was awaiting sentencing for fraud charges, he agreed to provide information to CBS News about the nuclear materials smuggling plot he allegedly uncovered. Gary Scurka produced a 60 Minutes piece entitled "The Worst Nightmare", based in part on Idema's account. According to Scurka, the network declined to credit Idema during the broadcast because of the fraud conviction, even though he was a major source for the story. A CBS spokesperson claimed that the story took 6 months to fully investigate, by which time it was very different from the one Idema gave. Both the 60 Minutes story and a companion piece published in US News and World Report received the prestigious "Renner Award for Outstanding Crime Reporting".
9623_40	The lack of credit given to Idema prompted Scurka and Caraballo to begin making a documentary film with the working title, Any Lesser Man: The Keith Idema Story. According to promotional materials, the documentary was to be "the real story of one lone Green Beret's private war against KGB Nuclear Smuggling, Soviet spies, Arab terrorists, and the FBI." It was never completed. Marecek murder trial Idema and Scurka again worked together as consultants for the 48 Hours story about Colonel George Marecek, a highly decorated Special Forces soldier accused and later convicted of murdering his wife. The two were fired from the project because they were determined to be taking an advocacy role for the defense. They opened a "Free Marecek" office in the town where the trial was taking place. In December 2000, 48 Hours ran the story on Marecek which included material from Idema, and Scurka's research. Idema also took a leading part in the formation of Point Blank News (PBN) to support Marecek.
9623_41	September 11 attacks On the day following the attacks, Idema gave an interview as a "counterterrorism adviser" to KTTV, the Fox network affiliate in Los Angeles. During his broadcast news appearance, he said that the hijackers might have seized three Canadian jetliners, in addition to four American planes. Afghanistan Al Qaeda hoax training footage Idema sold tapes to many publishers that he claimed showed an Al Qaeda training camp in action. The tapes showed men in camouflaged tunics and ski masks storming buildings, practicing drive-by shootings, and attacking golf courses. CBS bought the right to broadcast the tapes before any other network. They were used in a 60 Minutes II episode called, "Heart of Darkness" in mid January 2002. CBS presented Idema and the tapes he supplied as reliable.
9623_42	Idema made more money from the same tapes when he sold them to The Boston Globe, MSNBC, ABC, NBC, the BBC, and others rights to rebroadcast the Al Qaeda training camp footage with still pictures. The authenticity of the several hours of tape is disputed because the supposed tactics shown are not ones Al Qaeda operatives utilize. Moreover, men who were shown in the footage occasionally communicated in English and laughed, providing credence to the notion that the tapes were fake and entirely staged. Some major outlets, including NBC Nightly News and CNN declined to broadcast the tapes because of the credibility issue. Idema in September 2008 Al Qaeda video Al Qaeda itself appears to have used some of Idema's footage in their September 2008 video release. In a segment released by ABC, Idema appears "to threaten to kill an Afghan citizen during an interrogation." Al Qaeda claims to have "captured" the footage from Idema, but its provenance remains unclear.
9623_43	State-sponsored terrorism Idema sought to show that he had inside knowledge of Al Qaeda's collaboration with state governments, although his statements would not be considered particularly insightful, correct or original. For instance, he has made suggestions that there was collaboration among North Korea, several Middle-Eastern countries and Al Qaeda, and that was ample evidence linking "Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia to Al Qaeda and to the attacks on September 11," and that in Afghanistan, the link between Iraq and Al Qaeda was "common knowledge." He also has said that Iraq under Saddam Hussein was a supporter of Al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations "with money, with equipment, with technology, with weapons of mass destruction." He also claimed to have firsthand knowledge of nuclear weapons being smuggled from Russia to Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.
9623_44	Idema in September 2009 Al Qaeda video An Al Qaeda video released in September 2009 appears to contain video clips of Idema torturing an Afghan by dunking his head in a bucket of water. This footage was used to make the case that the US is involved in torture in Afghanistan.
9623_45	Media coverage Task Force Dagger: The Hunt for bin Laden (), by The Green Berets author Robin Moore, had sections devoted to Idema, referred to in the book as a special forces operative named "Jack" (he was also featured on the book's cover). Unknown to Moore, Idema had added a number of fictional episodes to the book that he would later use to support his claims. In the manuscript Idema also included appeals for donations to charities listed under his and his wife's address – charities that have since come under investigation. He managed to do this by altering the final manuscript without Moore's consent before it was sent to the publisher. Random House quietly dropped the book from print after publishing what had become a work of fiction that even its author had disavowed. Moore has since regretted Idema's involvement and insisted that the publisher refused to include his corrections.
9623_46	Robert Young Pelton, in his book about private security contractors, Licensed to Kill: Hired Guns in the War on Terror (), devotes a chapter to Idema's exploits in Afghanistan, including his controversial involvement in Moore's book Task Force Dagger: The Hunt for bin Laden. Peter Bergen's article published in Rolling Stone, "Jack Idema: Shadow Warrior," examines Idema's military career. Eric Campbell's book on reporting in war zones, Absurdistan (), has a few chapters on Idema. Newsweek had a short section on Idema called "An Afghan Mystery" by John Barry and Owen Matthews in the July 26, 2004 edition.
9623_47	In February 2009, in an article entitled "Laptop may hold key to high-level scam", the Post-Tribune of Northwest Indiana wrote of a police report that Idema had attempted to obtain a laptop used by jailed military imposter Joseph A. Cafasso, also a former Fox News consultant, from the 63-year-old woman with woman Cafasso had recently been living. The woman was frightened of Idema and so turned the laptop over to police.
9623_48	Death Idema died of AIDS on January 21, 2012, in Mexico. FBI Investigation Documents released under FOIA show that the Department of Justice and FBI had been operating an active investigation of Idema as-from 2005. See also David Passaro Niels Holck References External links Obituary from the Economist BBC News profile of Idema Jonathan Idema: Our Man in Kabul?, from crimelibrary.com. Transcript of an episode of "Mediawatch" from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation about the al Qaeda tape controversy. Includes links to email documents from Idema to 60 Minutes, images of Idema allegedly interrogating Afghanis, and a copy of his military record. US Bounty Hunter Trial, General material about his actions and information about the Al Qaeda training videos he found. Describes the arrest and trial.
9623_49	1956 births 2012 deaths People from North Carolina Bounty hunters Osama bin Laden Counter-terrorism Torture in Afghanistan Members of the United States Army Special Forces American vigilantes Recipients of Afghan presidential pardons American people imprisoned abroad Prisoners and detainees of Afghanistan AIDS-related deaths in Mexico
9624_0	columbinus is a play written by Stephen Karam and PJ Paparelli, with contributions by Josh Barrett, Sean McNall, Karl Miller, Michael Milligan and Will Rogers, created by the United States Theatre Project. The play looks at issues of alienation, hostility and social pressure in high schools and was suggested by the April 1999 massacre at Columbine High School in Jefferson County, Colorado. The play premiered in Silver Spring, Maryland in 2005 and then Off-Broadway in 2006. Plot columbinus includes excerpts from discussions with parents, survivors and community leaders in Littleton as well as diaries and home video footage to reveal what it refers to as "the dark recesses of American adolescence".
9624_1	The first act of the play is set in a stereotypical, fictional American high school and follows the lives and struggles of eight teenage archetypes. These characters are not given names but labels, and the two outcast friends designated in the script as "Freak" and "Loner" are slowly driven to crime and madness by the bullying from their classmates. In the first scene of act two, these boys become Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold when the actors playing Freak and Loner, respectively, approach two tables with objects relating to the massacre and change into replicas of the clothing the perpetrators wore; the perpetrators' senior photos are projected on a screen behind them. The scenes following this are taken from the perpetrators' videos and personal journals, illustrating the days approaching and including the shootings and the suspects' suicides.
9624_2	The newly added act three has the other cast members become survivors and townspeople who reflect on the events, including the cover up of information surrounding the suspects. The play briefly touches on modern shootings such as the incidents at Aurora or Newtown. A few productions have included a brief scene discussing the story of the Columbine survivor who wrote to Mike Judge about "Wings of the Dope," an episode of King of the Hill which she credited with enabling her to grieve a boy she never got to tell she loved, who turned out to be one of the perpetrators (resulting in her being pressured to repress her grief).
9624_3	Characters Loner- Geek in the school who is picked on by his peers and neglected by his parents. Has a romantic fascination with Rebel, who views him as "not her first choice. Maybe not anyone's." In the Second Act, embodies Dylan Klebold. Freak- An underdog with a chip on his shoulder and a chest deformity. He is ridiculed by his classmates, with the exception of AP, whom he detests. His father is an ex-military general who is overly hard on him. In the Second Act, embodies Eric Harris. AP (Advanced Placement)- The play's representation of pure kindness and good-heartedness. He is extremely intelligent, but fantasizes about having good looks, popularity, and athletic ability, which he can never have due to a life-threatening illness. He reaches out to the other students, and is a secret friend to most of them. He is the only character who the killers set free at the shootings.
9624_4	Rebel- Artistic and rough-talking teenager who finds a sort of kinship with Loner. She thinks AP is nice, but that he is too pure-hearted and a "loser" for her taste. She denies rumors that she is goth or a druggie, but is seen making cuts into her arm in the First Act. Faith- Has a passion for Biblical studies, which is often her downfall when trying to make friends. Is briefly the object of Freak's affection. She is well-liked by many people, but her virginal way of thinking is often made fun of. Perfect- The most popular girl in school, though many people find her to be snobby and fake. It appears that she has no problems with her life at all. However, it is revealed that her mother is a school bus driver, and is struggling to make ends meet. Perfect also reveals that she is pregnant. Prep- Standard school bully, who is popular because of who his friends are. He has an unreturned romantic interest in Jock.
9624_5	Jock- Popular and amiable school hero. He is athletic, popular, and extremely attractive. As a hard-working student in school, he finds it irritating that the terms "Brainless" and "Jock" are so often put together.
9624_6	Production history columbinus had a reading at the Arena Stage, Washington, DC in April 2003. Members of the United States Theatre Project had started working on the play in July 2002, and the play had a workshop at the North Carolina School of the Arts in December 2002. The title of the play (which is in lowercase) is Latin for columbine, a flower. columbinus had its co-world premiere on March 8, 2005, at the Round House Theatre in Silver Spring, Maryland and then from May 6, 2005 to May 29, at Perseverance Theatre in Juneau, Alaska (where the co-author and creator, PJ Paparelli, was the Artistic Director), in conjunction with the United States Theatre Project. The cast consists of five men and three women, including extensive doubling up with characters in brief roles as parents, teachers, guidance counselors, and other adults. The cast of the Round House production:
9624_7	Anne Bowles, Faith Jeanne Dillon, Perfect James Flanagan, AP Daniel Frith, Prep Gene Gillette, Jock Karl Miller, Freak/Eric Harris Ekatrina Oleksa, Rebel Will Rogers, Loner/Dylan Klebold columbinus had its Off-Broadway premiere at the New York Theatre Workshop on May 22, 2006 (previews from May 5) and closed on June 11. The production was directed by PJ Paparelli. The Off-Broadway cast: Anna Camp, Perfect James Flanagan, AP Carmen Herlihy, Rebel Nicole Lowrance, Faith Karl Miller, Freak/Eric Harris Joaquin Perez-Campbell, Jock Will Rogers, Loner/Dylan Klebold Bobby Steggert, Prep Other productions In fall 2009, Paparelli workshopped new text for the show, premiering a new version at Truman State University in Kirksville, Missouri in honor of the tenth anniversary of the Columbine shooting. The production was directed by Theatre Department Faculty member David Charles Goyette.
9624_8	The cast: Joanna Bess, Faith Kylee Raney, Perfect Ryan Clark, AP Cherish Varley, Rebel Cameron Jones, Prep Andrew Stashefsky, Jock Jake Wasson, Freak/Eric Harris Sam Kyker, Loner/Dylan Klebold A revised version was presented at the American Theater Company, Chicago, Illinois in February 2013, directed by PJ Paparelli. The revision includes "material from recent interviews with survivors of the Columbine High School shootings, families of victims and residents of Littleton, Colorado."

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