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1 | 5305-5308 | 1 From Alcohols
6 4
6 4
6 4
6 |
1 | 5306-5309 | 4
6 4
6 4
6 4
6 |
1 | 5307-5310 | 4
6 4
6 4
6 4
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
Rationalised 2023-24
165 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
separate as pure compounds |
1 | 5308-5311 | 4
6 4
6 4
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
Rationalised 2023-24
165 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
separate as pure compounds Consequently, the yield of any single
compound is low |
1 | 5309-5312 | 4
6 4
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
Rationalised 2023-24
165 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
separate as pure compounds Consequently, the yield of any single
compound is low Identify all the possible monochloro structural isomers expected to be
formed on free radical monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 |
1 | 5310-5313 | 4
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Methods of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
of Haloalkanes
Rationalised 2023-24
165 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
separate as pure compounds Consequently, the yield of any single
compound is low Identify all the possible monochloro structural isomers expected to be
formed on free radical monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 In the given molecule, there are four different types of hydrogen atoms |
1 | 5311-5314 | Consequently, the yield of any single
compound is low Identify all the possible monochloro structural isomers expected to be
formed on free radical monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 In the given molecule, there are four different types of hydrogen atoms Replacement of these hydrogen atoms will give the following
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl
(CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(CH3)2C(Cl)CH2CH3
CH3CH(CH2Cl)CH2CH3
Example 6 |
1 | 5312-5315 | Identify all the possible monochloro structural isomers expected to be
formed on free radical monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 In the given molecule, there are four different types of hydrogen atoms Replacement of these hydrogen atoms will give the following
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl
(CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(CH3)2C(Cl)CH2CH3
CH3CH(CH2Cl)CH2CH3
Example 6 3
Example 6 |
1 | 5313-5316 | In the given molecule, there are four different types of hydrogen atoms Replacement of these hydrogen atoms will give the following
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl
(CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(CH3)2C(Cl)CH2CH3
CH3CH(CH2Cl)CH2CH3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 |
1 | 5314-5317 | Replacement of these hydrogen atoms will give the following
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl
(CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(CH3)2C(Cl)CH2CH3
CH3CH(CH2Cl)CH2CH3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 |
1 | 5315-5318 | 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 |
1 | 5316-5319 | 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
(II) From alkenes
(i) Addition of hydrogen halides: An alkene is converted to
corresponding alkyl halide by reaction with hydrogen chloride,
hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide |
1 | 5317-5320 | 3
Example 6 3
Example 6 3
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
(II) From alkenes
(i) Addition of hydrogen halides: An alkene is converted to
corresponding alkyl halide by reaction with hydrogen chloride,
hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide Propene yields two products, however only one predominates as
per Markovnikov’s rule |
1 | 5318-5321 | 3
Example 6 3
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
(II) From alkenes
(i) Addition of hydrogen halides: An alkene is converted to
corresponding alkyl halide by reaction with hydrogen chloride,
hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide Propene yields two products, however only one predominates as
per Markovnikov’s rule (Unit 13, Class XI)
(ii) Addition of halogens: In the laboratory, addition of bromine in
CCl4 to an alkene resulting in discharge of reddish brown colour
of bromine constitutes an important method for the detection of
double bond in a molecule |
1 | 5319-5322 | 3
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
(II) From alkenes
(i) Addition of hydrogen halides: An alkene is converted to
corresponding alkyl halide by reaction with hydrogen chloride,
hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide Propene yields two products, however only one predominates as
per Markovnikov’s rule (Unit 13, Class XI)
(ii) Addition of halogens: In the laboratory, addition of bromine in
CCl4 to an alkene resulting in discharge of reddish brown colour
of bromine constitutes an important method for the detection of
double bond in a molecule The addition results in the synthesis
of vic-dibromides, which are colourless (Unit 9, Class XI) |
1 | 5320-5323 | Propene yields two products, however only one predominates as
per Markovnikov’s rule (Unit 13, Class XI)
(ii) Addition of halogens: In the laboratory, addition of bromine in
CCl4 to an alkene resulting in discharge of reddish brown colour
of bromine constitutes an important method for the detection of
double bond in a molecule The addition results in the synthesis
of vic-dibromides, which are colourless (Unit 9, Class XI) Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/
bromides with NaI in dry acetone |
1 | 5321-5324 | (Unit 13, Class XI)
(ii) Addition of halogens: In the laboratory, addition of bromine in
CCl4 to an alkene resulting in discharge of reddish brown colour
of bromine constitutes an important method for the detection of
double bond in a molecule The addition results in the synthesis
of vic-dibromides, which are colourless (Unit 9, Class XI) Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/
bromides with NaI in dry acetone This reaction is known as Finkelstein
reaction |
1 | 5322-5325 | The addition results in the synthesis
of vic-dibromides, which are colourless (Unit 9, Class XI) Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/
bromides with NaI in dry acetone This reaction is known as Finkelstein
reaction NaCl or NaBr thus formed is precipitated in dry acetone |
1 | 5323-5326 | Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/
bromides with NaI in dry acetone This reaction is known as Finkelstein
reaction NaCl or NaBr thus formed is precipitated in dry acetone It facilitates
the forward reaction according to Le Chatelier’s Principle |
1 | 5324-5327 | This reaction is known as Finkelstein
reaction NaCl or NaBr thus formed is precipitated in dry acetone It facilitates
the forward reaction according to Le Chatelier’s Principle The synthesis of alkyl fluorides is best accomplished by heating an
alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as
6 |
1 | 5325-5328 | NaCl or NaBr thus formed is precipitated in dry acetone It facilitates
the forward reaction according to Le Chatelier’s Principle The synthesis of alkyl fluorides is best accomplished by heating an
alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as
6 4 |
1 | 5326-5329 | It facilitates
the forward reaction according to Le Chatelier’s Principle The synthesis of alkyl fluorides is best accomplished by heating an
alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as
6 4 3 Halogen
Exchange
Rationalised 2023-24
166
Chemistry
AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3 |
1 | 5327-5330 | The synthesis of alkyl fluorides is best accomplished by heating an
alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as
6 4 3 Halogen
Exchange
Rationalised 2023-24
166
Chemistry
AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3 The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction |
1 | 5328-5331 | 4 3 Halogen
Exchange
Rationalised 2023-24
166
Chemistry
AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3 The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction (i) From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution
Aryl chlorides and bromides can be easily prepared by electrophilic
substitution of arenes with chlorine and bromine respectively in the
presence of Lewis acid catalysts like iron or iron(III) chloride |
1 | 5329-5332 | 3 Halogen
Exchange
Rationalised 2023-24
166
Chemistry
AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3 The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction (i) From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution
Aryl chlorides and bromides can be easily prepared by electrophilic
substitution of arenes with chlorine and bromine respectively in the
presence of Lewis acid catalysts like iron or iron(III) chloride The ortho and para isomers can be easily separated due to large
difference in their melting points |
1 | 5330-5333 | The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction (i) From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution
Aryl chlorides and bromides can be easily prepared by electrophilic
substitution of arenes with chlorine and bromine respectively in the
presence of Lewis acid catalysts like iron or iron(III) chloride The ortho and para isomers can be easily separated due to large
difference in their melting points Reactions with iodine are reversible
in nature and require the presence of an oxidising agent (HNO3,
HIO4) to oxidise the HI formed during iodination |
1 | 5331-5334 | (i) From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution
Aryl chlorides and bromides can be easily prepared by electrophilic
substitution of arenes with chlorine and bromine respectively in the
presence of Lewis acid catalysts like iron or iron(III) chloride The ortho and para isomers can be easily separated due to large
difference in their melting points Reactions with iodine are reversible
in nature and require the presence of an oxidising agent (HNO3,
HIO4) to oxidise the HI formed during iodination Fluoro compounds
are not prepared by this method due to high reactivity of fluorine |
1 | 5332-5335 | The ortho and para isomers can be easily separated due to large
difference in their melting points Reactions with iodine are reversible
in nature and require the presence of an oxidising agent (HNO3,
HIO4) to oxidise the HI formed during iodination Fluoro compounds
are not prepared by this method due to high reactivity of fluorine (ii) From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction
When a primary aromatic amine, dissolved or suspended in cold
aqueous mineral acid, is treated with sodium nitrite, a diazonium
salt is formed |
1 | 5333-5336 | Reactions with iodine are reversible
in nature and require the presence of an oxidising agent (HNO3,
HIO4) to oxidise the HI formed during iodination Fluoro compounds
are not prepared by this method due to high reactivity of fluorine (ii) From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction
When a primary aromatic amine, dissolved or suspended in cold
aqueous mineral acid, is treated with sodium nitrite, a diazonium
salt is formed Mixing the solution of freshly prepared diazonium
salt with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide results in the
replacement of the diazonium group by –Cl or –Br |
1 | 5334-5337 | Fluoro compounds
are not prepared by this method due to high reactivity of fluorine (ii) From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction
When a primary aromatic amine, dissolved or suspended in cold
aqueous mineral acid, is treated with sodium nitrite, a diazonium
salt is formed Mixing the solution of freshly prepared diazonium
salt with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide results in the
replacement of the diazonium group by –Cl or –Br Replacement of the diazonium group by iodine does not require the
presence of cuprous halide and is done simply by shaking the diazonium
salt with potassium iodide |
1 | 5335-5338 | (ii) From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction
When a primary aromatic amine, dissolved or suspended in cold
aqueous mineral acid, is treated with sodium nitrite, a diazonium
salt is formed Mixing the solution of freshly prepared diazonium
salt with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide results in the
replacement of the diazonium group by –Cl or –Br Replacement of the diazonium group by iodine does not require the
presence of cuprous halide and is done simply by shaking the diazonium
salt with potassium iodide 6 |
1 | 5336-5339 | Mixing the solution of freshly prepared diazonium
salt with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide results in the
replacement of the diazonium group by –Cl or –Br Replacement of the diazonium group by iodine does not require the
presence of cuprous halide and is done simply by shaking the diazonium
salt with potassium iodide 6 5
6 |
1 | 5337-5340 | Replacement of the diazonium group by iodine does not require the
presence of cuprous halide and is done simply by shaking the diazonium
salt with potassium iodide 6 5
6 5
6 |
1 | 5338-5341 | 6 5
6 5
6 5
6 |
1 | 5339-5342 | 5
6 5
6 5
6 5
6 |
1 | 5340-5343 | 5
6 5
6 5
6 5
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Rationalised 2023-24
167 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alkyl halides are colourless when pure |
1 | 5341-5344 | 5
6 5
6 5
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Rationalised 2023-24
167 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alkyl halides are colourless when pure However, bromides and iodides
develop colour when exposed to light |
1 | 5342-5345 | 5
6 5
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Rationalised 2023-24
167 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alkyl halides are colourless when pure However, bromides and iodides
develop colour when exposed to light Many volatile halogen compounds
have sweet smell |
1 | 5343-5346 | 5
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Preparation of
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Haloarenes
Rationalised 2023-24
167 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alkyl halides are colourless when pure However, bromides and iodides
develop colour when exposed to light Many volatile halogen compounds
have sweet smell 6 |
1 | 5344-5347 | However, bromides and iodides
develop colour when exposed to light Many volatile halogen compounds
have sweet smell 6 2
Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI |
1 | 5345-5348 | Many volatile halogen compounds
have sweet smell 6 2
Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI 6 |
1 | 5346-5349 | 6 2
Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI 6 3
Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane |
1 | 5347-5350 | 2
Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI 6 3
Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane 6 |
1 | 5348-5351 | 6 3
Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane 6 4
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that
on photochemical chlorination yields
(i) A single monochloride |
1 | 5349-5352 | 3
Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane 6 4
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that
on photochemical chlorination yields
(i) A single monochloride (ii) Three isomeric monochlorides |
1 | 5350-5353 | 6 4
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that
on photochemical chlorination yields
(i) A single monochloride (ii) Three isomeric monochlorides (iii) Four isomeric monochlorides |
1 | 5351-5354 | 4
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that
on photochemical chlorination yields
(i) A single monochloride (ii) Three isomeric monochlorides (iii) Four isomeric monochlorides 6 |
1 | 5352-5355 | (ii) Three isomeric monochlorides (iii) Four isomeric monochlorides 6 5
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following
reactions:
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Write the products of the following reactions:
Example 6 |
1 | 5353-5356 | (iii) Four isomeric monochlorides 6 5
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following
reactions:
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Write the products of the following reactions:
Example 6 4
Example 6 |
1 | 5354-5357 | 6 5
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following
reactions:
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Write the products of the following reactions:
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 |
1 | 5355-5358 | 5
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following
reactions:
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Write the products of the following reactions:
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 |
1 | 5356-5359 | 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 |
1 | 5357-5360 | 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
6 |
1 | 5358-5361 | 4
Example 6 4
Example 6 4
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
6 6
6 |
1 | 5359-5362 | 4
Example 6 4
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
6 6
6 6
6 |
1 | 5360-5363 | 4
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 |
1 | 5361-5364 | 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 |
1 | 5362-5365 | 6
6 6
6 6
6 6 Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Rationalised 2023-24
168
Chemistry
Melting and boiling points
Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride and some
chlorofluoromethanes are gases at room temperature |
1 | 5363-5366 | 6
6 6
6 6 Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Rationalised 2023-24
168
Chemistry
Melting and boiling points
Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride and some
chlorofluoromethanes are gases at room temperature Higher members
are liquids or solids |
1 | 5364-5367 | 6
6 6 Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Rationalised 2023-24
168
Chemistry
Melting and boiling points
Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride and some
chlorofluoromethanes are gases at room temperature Higher members
are liquids or solids As we have already learnt, molecules of organic
halogen compounds are generally polar |
1 | 5365-5368 | 6 Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Rationalised 2023-24
168
Chemistry
Melting and boiling points
Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride and some
chlorofluoromethanes are gases at room temperature Higher members
are liquids or solids As we have already learnt, molecules of organic
halogen compounds are generally polar Due to greater polarity as well
as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the
intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals)
are stronger in the halogen derivatives |
1 | 5366-5369 | Higher members
are liquids or solids As we have already learnt, molecules of organic
halogen compounds are generally polar Due to greater polarity as well
as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the
intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals)
are stronger in the halogen derivatives That is why the boiling points
of chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher than those
of the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular mass |
1 | 5367-5370 | As we have already learnt, molecules of organic
halogen compounds are generally polar Due to greater polarity as well
as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the
intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals)
are stronger in the halogen derivatives That is why the boiling points
of chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher than those
of the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular mass The attractions get stronger as the molecules get bigger in size and
have more electrons |
1 | 5368-5371 | Due to greater polarity as well
as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the
intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals)
are stronger in the halogen derivatives That is why the boiling points
of chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher than those
of the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular mass The attractions get stronger as the molecules get bigger in size and
have more electrons The pattern of variation of boiling points of different
halides is depicted in Fig |
1 | 5369-5372 | That is why the boiling points
of chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher than those
of the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular mass The attractions get stronger as the molecules get bigger in size and
have more electrons The pattern of variation of boiling points of different
halides is depicted in Fig 6 |
1 | 5370-5373 | The attractions get stronger as the molecules get bigger in size and
have more electrons The pattern of variation of boiling points of different
halides is depicted in Fig 6 1 |
1 | 5371-5374 | The pattern of variation of boiling points of different
halides is depicted in Fig 6 1 For the same alkyl group, the boiling
points of alkyl halides decrease in the order: RI> RBr> RCl> RF |
1 | 5372-5375 | 6 1 For the same alkyl group, the boiling
points of alkyl halides decrease in the order: RI> RBr> RCl> RF This
is because with the increase in size and mass of halogen atom, the
magnitude of van der Waal forces increases |
1 | 5373-5376 | 1 For the same alkyl group, the boiling
points of alkyl halides decrease in the order: RI> RBr> RCl> RF This
is because with the increase in size and mass of halogen atom, the
magnitude of van der Waal forces increases The boiling points of isomeric haloalkanes decrease with increase
in branching |
1 | 5374-5377 | For the same alkyl group, the boiling
points of alkyl halides decrease in the order: RI> RBr> RCl> RF This
is because with the increase in size and mass of halogen atom, the
magnitude of van der Waal forces increases The boiling points of isomeric haloalkanes decrease with increase
in branching For example, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane has the lowest
boiling point among the three isomers |
1 | 5375-5378 | This
is because with the increase in size and mass of halogen atom, the
magnitude of van der Waal forces increases The boiling points of isomeric haloalkanes decrease with increase
in branching For example, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane has the lowest
boiling point among the three isomers Boiling points of isomeric dihalobenzenes are very nearly the same |
1 | 5376-5379 | The boiling points of isomeric haloalkanes decrease with increase
in branching For example, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane has the lowest
boiling point among the three isomers Boiling points of isomeric dihalobenzenes are very nearly the same However, the para-isomers are high melting as compared to their ortho-
and meta-isomers |
1 | 5377-5380 | For example, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane has the lowest
boiling point among the three isomers Boiling points of isomeric dihalobenzenes are very nearly the same However, the para-isomers are high melting as compared to their ortho-
and meta-isomers It is due to symmetry of para-isomers that fits in
crystal lattice better as compared to ortho- and meta-isomers |
1 | 5378-5381 | Boiling points of isomeric dihalobenzenes are very nearly the same However, the para-isomers are high melting as compared to their ortho-
and meta-isomers It is due to symmetry of para-isomers that fits in
crystal lattice better as compared to ortho- and meta-isomers Fig |
1 | 5379-5382 | However, the para-isomers are high melting as compared to their ortho-
and meta-isomers It is due to symmetry of para-isomers that fits in
crystal lattice better as compared to ortho- and meta-isomers Fig 6 |
1 | 5380-5383 | It is due to symmetry of para-isomers that fits in
crystal lattice better as compared to ortho- and meta-isomers Fig 6 1: Comparison of boiling points of some alkyl halides
Rationalised 2023-24
169 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Solubility
The haloalkanes are very slightly soluble in water |
1 | 5381-5384 | Fig 6 1: Comparison of boiling points of some alkyl halides
Rationalised 2023-24
169 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Solubility
The haloalkanes are very slightly soluble in water In order to dissolve
haloalkane in water, energy is required to overcome the attractions between
the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between water
molecules |
1 | 5382-5385 | 6 1: Comparison of boiling points of some alkyl halides
Rationalised 2023-24
169 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Solubility
The haloalkanes are very slightly soluble in water In order to dissolve
haloalkane in water, energy is required to overcome the attractions between
the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between water
molecules Less energy is released when new attractions are set up between
the haloalkane and the water molecules as these are not as strong as the
original hydrogen bonds in water |
1 | 5383-5386 | 1: Comparison of boiling points of some alkyl halides
Rationalised 2023-24
169 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Solubility
The haloalkanes are very slightly soluble in water In order to dissolve
haloalkane in water, energy is required to overcome the attractions between
the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between water
molecules Less energy is released when new attractions are set up between
the haloalkane and the water molecules as these are not as strong as the
original hydrogen bonds in water As a result, the solubility of haloalkanes
in water is low |
1 | 5384-5387 | In order to dissolve
haloalkane in water, energy is required to overcome the attractions between
the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between water
molecules Less energy is released when new attractions are set up between
the haloalkane and the water molecules as these are not as strong as the
original hydrogen bonds in water As a result, the solubility of haloalkanes
in water is low However, haloalkanes tend to dissolve in organic solvents
because the new intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and
solvent molecules have much the same strength as the ones being broken
in the separate haloalkane and solvent molecules |
1 | 5385-5388 | Less energy is released when new attractions are set up between
the haloalkane and the water molecules as these are not as strong as the
original hydrogen bonds in water As a result, the solubility of haloalkanes
in water is low However, haloalkanes tend to dissolve in organic solvents
because the new intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and
solvent molecules have much the same strength as the ones being broken
in the separate haloalkane and solvent molecules Table 6 |
1 | 5386-5389 | As a result, the solubility of haloalkanes
in water is low However, haloalkanes tend to dissolve in organic solvents
because the new intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and
solvent molecules have much the same strength as the ones being broken
in the separate haloalkane and solvent molecules Table 6 3: Density of Some Haloalkanes
Density
Bromo, iodo and polychloro derivatives of hydrocarbons are heavier than
water |
1 | 5387-5390 | However, haloalkanes tend to dissolve in organic solvents
because the new intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and
solvent molecules have much the same strength as the ones being broken
in the separate haloalkane and solvent molecules Table 6 3: Density of Some Haloalkanes
Density
Bromo, iodo and polychloro derivatives of hydrocarbons are heavier than
water The density increases with increase in number of carbon atoms,
halogen atoms and atomic mass of the halogen atoms (Table 6 |
1 | 5388-5391 | Table 6 3: Density of Some Haloalkanes
Density
Bromo, iodo and polychloro derivatives of hydrocarbons are heavier than
water The density increases with increase in number of carbon atoms,
halogen atoms and atomic mass of the halogen atoms (Table 6 3) |
1 | 5389-5392 | 3: Density of Some Haloalkanes
Density
Bromo, iodo and polychloro derivatives of hydrocarbons are heavier than
water The density increases with increase in number of carbon atoms,
halogen atoms and atomic mass of the halogen atoms (Table 6 3) The reactions of haloalkanes may be divided into the following categories:
1 |
1 | 5390-5393 | The density increases with increase in number of carbon atoms,
halogen atoms and atomic mass of the halogen atoms (Table 6 3) The reactions of haloalkanes may be divided into the following categories:
1 Nucleophilic substitution
2 |
1 | 5391-5394 | 3) The reactions of haloalkanes may be divided into the following categories:
1 Nucleophilic substitution
2 Elimination reactions
3 |
1 | 5392-5395 | The reactions of haloalkanes may be divided into the following categories:
1 Nucleophilic substitution
2 Elimination reactions
3 Reaction with metals |
1 | 5393-5396 | Nucleophilic substitution
2 Elimination reactions
3 Reaction with metals (1)Nucleophilic substitution reactions
You have learnt in Class XI that nucleophiles are electron rich species |
1 | 5394-5397 | Elimination reactions
3 Reaction with metals (1)Nucleophilic substitution reactions
You have learnt in Class XI that nucleophiles are electron rich species Therefore, they attack at that part of the substrate molecule which
is electron deficient |
1 | 5395-5398 | Reaction with metals (1)Nucleophilic substitution reactions
You have learnt in Class XI that nucleophiles are electron rich species Therefore, they attack at that part of the substrate molecule which
is electron deficient The reaction in which a nucleophile replaces
6 |
1 | 5396-5399 | (1)Nucleophilic substitution reactions
You have learnt in Class XI that nucleophiles are electron rich species Therefore, they attack at that part of the substrate molecule which
is electron deficient The reaction in which a nucleophile replaces
6 6
Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points |
1 | 5397-5400 | Therefore, they attack at that part of the substrate molecule which
is electron deficient The reaction in which a nucleophile replaces
6 6
Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points (i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane |
1 | 5398-5401 | The reaction in which a nucleophile replaces
6 6
Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points (i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane (ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane |
1 | 5399-5402 | 6
Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points (i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane (ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
6 |
1 | 5400-5403 | (i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane (ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
6 7
6 |
1 | 5401-5404 | (ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
6 7
6 7
6 |
1 | 5402-5405 | Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
6 7
6 7
6 7
6 |
1 | 5403-5406 | 7
6 7
6 7
6 7
6 |
1 | 5404-5407 | 7
6 7
6 7
6 7
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Compound
Density (g/mL)
Compound
Density (g/mL)
n–C3H7Cl
0 |
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