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1 | 5005-5008 | We may view
these chromium(III) species as octahedral chromium(III) complexes incorporated
into the alumina lattice; d–d transitions at these centres give rise to the colour Fig 5 10: Transition of an electron in
Rationalised 2023-24
135
Coordination Compounds
The crystal field model is successful in explaining the formation,
structures, colour and magnetic properties of coordination compounds
to a large extent |
1 | 5006-5009 | Fig 5 10: Transition of an electron in
Rationalised 2023-24
135
Coordination Compounds
The crystal field model is successful in explaining the formation,
structures, colour and magnetic properties of coordination compounds
to a large extent However, from the assumptions that the ligands are
point charges, it follows that anionic ligands should exert the greatest
splitting effect |
1 | 5007-5010 | 5 10: Transition of an electron in
Rationalised 2023-24
135
Coordination Compounds
The crystal field model is successful in explaining the formation,
structures, colour and magnetic properties of coordination compounds
to a large extent However, from the assumptions that the ligands are
point charges, it follows that anionic ligands should exert the greatest
splitting effect The anionic ligands actually are found at the low end
of the spectrochemical series |
1 | 5008-5011 | 10: Transition of an electron in
Rationalised 2023-24
135
Coordination Compounds
The crystal field model is successful in explaining the formation,
structures, colour and magnetic properties of coordination compounds
to a large extent However, from the assumptions that the ligands are
point charges, it follows that anionic ligands should exert the greatest
splitting effect The anionic ligands actually are found at the low end
of the spectrochemical series Further, it does not take into account
the covalent character of bonding between the ligand and the central
atom |
1 | 5009-5012 | However, from the assumptions that the ligands are
point charges, it follows that anionic ligands should exert the greatest
splitting effect The anionic ligands actually are found at the low end
of the spectrochemical series Further, it does not take into account
the covalent character of bonding between the ligand and the central
atom These are some of the weaknesses of CFT, which are explained
by ligand field theory (LFT) and molecular orbital theory which are
beyond the scope of the present study |
1 | 5010-5013 | The anionic ligands actually are found at the low end
of the spectrochemical series Further, it does not take into account
the covalent character of bonding between the ligand and the central
atom These are some of the weaknesses of CFT, which are explained
by ligand field theory (LFT) and molecular orbital theory which are
beyond the scope of the present study 5 |
1 | 5011-5014 | Further, it does not take into account
the covalent character of bonding between the ligand and the central
atom These are some of the weaknesses of CFT, which are explained
by ligand field theory (LFT) and molecular orbital theory which are
beyond the scope of the present study 5 5 |
1 | 5012-5015 | These are some of the weaknesses of CFT, which are explained
by ligand field theory (LFT) and molecular orbital theory which are
beyond the scope of the present study 5 5 6 Limitations
of Crystal
Field
Theory
The homoleptic carbonyls (compounds containing carbonyl ligands
only) are formed by most of the transition metals |
1 | 5013-5016 | 5 5 6 Limitations
of Crystal
Field
Theory
The homoleptic carbonyls (compounds containing carbonyl ligands
only) are formed by most of the transition metals These carbonyls
have simple, well defined structures |
1 | 5014-5017 | 5 6 Limitations
of Crystal
Field
Theory
The homoleptic carbonyls (compounds containing carbonyl ligands
only) are formed by most of the transition metals These carbonyls
have simple, well defined structures Tetracarbonylnickel(0) is
tetrahedral, pentacarbonyliron(0) is trigonalbipyramidal while
hexacarbonyl chromium(0) is octahedral |
1 | 5015-5018 | 6 Limitations
of Crystal
Field
Theory
The homoleptic carbonyls (compounds containing carbonyl ligands
only) are formed by most of the transition metals These carbonyls
have simple, well defined structures Tetracarbonylnickel(0) is
tetrahedral, pentacarbonyliron(0) is trigonalbipyramidal while
hexacarbonyl chromium(0) is octahedral Decacarbonyldimanganese(0) is made up of two square pyramidal
Mn(CO)5 units joined by a Mn – Mn bond |
1 | 5016-5019 | These carbonyls
have simple, well defined structures Tetracarbonylnickel(0) is
tetrahedral, pentacarbonyliron(0) is trigonalbipyramidal while
hexacarbonyl chromium(0) is octahedral Decacarbonyldimanganese(0) is made up of two square pyramidal
Mn(CO)5 units joined by a Mn – Mn bond Octacarbonyldicobalt(0)
has a Co – Co bond bridged by two CO groups (Fig |
1 | 5017-5020 | Tetracarbonylnickel(0) is
tetrahedral, pentacarbonyliron(0) is trigonalbipyramidal while
hexacarbonyl chromium(0) is octahedral Decacarbonyldimanganese(0) is made up of two square pyramidal
Mn(CO)5 units joined by a Mn – Mn bond Octacarbonyldicobalt(0)
has a Co – Co bond bridged by two CO groups (Fig 5 |
1 | 5018-5021 | Decacarbonyldimanganese(0) is made up of two square pyramidal
Mn(CO)5 units joined by a Mn – Mn bond Octacarbonyldicobalt(0)
has a Co – Co bond bridged by two CO groups (Fig 5 13) |
1 | 5019-5022 | Octacarbonyldicobalt(0)
has a Co – Co bond bridged by two CO groups (Fig 5 13) 5 |
1 | 5020-5023 | 5 13) 5 6 Bonding in
5 |
1 | 5021-5024 | 13) 5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 |
1 | 5022-5025 | 5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 |
1 | 5023-5026 | 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 |
1 | 5024-5027 | 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
In emerald [Fig |
1 | 5025-5028 | 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
In emerald [Fig 5 |
1 | 5026-5029 | 6 Bonding in
5 6 Bonding in
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
In emerald [Fig 5 12(b)], Cr
3+
ions occupy octahedral sites
in
the
mineral
beryl
(Be3Al2Si6O18) |
1 | 5027-5030 | 6 Bonding in
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
Carbonyls
In emerald [Fig 5 12(b)], Cr
3+
ions occupy octahedral sites
in
the
mineral
beryl
(Be3Al2Si6O18) The absorption
bands seen in the ruby shift
to longer wavelength, namely
yellow-red and blue, causing
emerald to transmit light in
the green region |
1 | 5028-5031 | 5 12(b)], Cr
3+
ions occupy octahedral sites
in
the
mineral
beryl
(Be3Al2Si6O18) The absorption
bands seen in the ruby shift
to longer wavelength, namely
yellow-red and blue, causing
emerald to transmit light in
the green region Fig |
1 | 5029-5032 | 12(b)], Cr
3+
ions occupy octahedral sites
in
the
mineral
beryl
(Be3Al2Si6O18) The absorption
bands seen in the ruby shift
to longer wavelength, namely
yellow-red and blue, causing
emerald to transmit light in
the green region Fig 5 |
1 | 5030-5033 | The absorption
bands seen in the ruby shift
to longer wavelength, namely
yellow-red and blue, causing
emerald to transmit light in
the green region Fig 5 12: (a) Ruby: this gemstone was found in
marble from Mogok, Myanmar; (b)
Emerald: this gemstone was found in
Muzo, Columbia |
1 | 5031-5034 | Fig 5 12: (a) Ruby: this gemstone was found in
marble from Mogok, Myanmar; (b)
Emerald: this gemstone was found in
Muzo, Columbia (a)
(b)
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
5 |
1 | 5032-5035 | 5 12: (a) Ruby: this gemstone was found in
marble from Mogok, Myanmar; (b)
Emerald: this gemstone was found in
Muzo, Columbia (a)
(b)
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
5 5 Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4]
2– ion with square
planar structure is diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]
2– ion with tetrahedral
geometry is paramagnetic |
1 | 5033-5036 | 12: (a) Ruby: this gemstone was found in
marble from Mogok, Myanmar; (b)
Emerald: this gemstone was found in
Muzo, Columbia (a)
(b)
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
5 5 Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4]
2– ion with square
planar structure is diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]
2– ion with tetrahedral
geometry is paramagnetic 5 |
1 | 5034-5037 | (a)
(b)
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
5 5 Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4]
2– ion with square
planar structure is diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]
2– ion with tetrahedral
geometry is paramagnetic 5 6 [NiCl4]
2– is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are
tetrahedral |
1 | 5035-5038 | 5 Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4]
2– ion with square
planar structure is diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]
2– ion with tetrahedral
geometry is paramagnetic 5 6 [NiCl4]
2– is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are
tetrahedral Why |
1 | 5036-5039 | 5 6 [NiCl4]
2– is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are
tetrahedral Why 5 |
1 | 5037-5040 | 6 [NiCl4]
2– is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are
tetrahedral Why 5 7 [Fe(H2O)6]
3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]
3– is weakly
paramagnetic |
1 | 5038-5041 | Why 5 7 [Fe(H2O)6]
3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]
3– is weakly
paramagnetic Explain |
1 | 5039-5042 | 5 7 [Fe(H2O)6]
3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]
3– is weakly
paramagnetic Explain 5 |
1 | 5040-5043 | 7 [Fe(H2O)6]
3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]
3– is weakly
paramagnetic Explain 5 8 Explain [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]
2+ is an
outer orbital complex |
1 | 5041-5044 | Explain 5 8 Explain [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]
2+ is an
outer orbital complex 5 |
1 | 5042-5045 | 5 8 Explain [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]
2+ is an
outer orbital complex 5 9 Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4]
2– ion |
1 | 5043-5046 | 8 Explain [Co(NH3)6]
3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]
2+ is an
outer orbital complex 5 9 Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4]
2– ion 5 |
1 | 5044-5047 | 5 9 Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4]
2– ion 5 10 The hexaquo manganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons, while the
hexacyanoion contains only one unpaired electron |
1 | 5045-5048 | 9 Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4]
2– ion 5 10 The hexaquo manganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons, while the
hexacyanoion contains only one unpaired electron Explain using Crystal
Field Theory |
1 | 5046-5049 | 5 10 The hexaquo manganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons, while the
hexacyanoion contains only one unpaired electron Explain using Crystal
Field Theory Rationalised 2023-24
136
Chemistry
5 |
1 | 5047-5050 | 10 The hexaquo manganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons, while the
hexacyanoion contains only one unpaired electron Explain using Crystal
Field Theory Rationalised 2023-24
136
Chemistry
5 7
5 |
1 | 5048-5051 | Explain using Crystal
Field Theory Rationalised 2023-24
136
Chemistry
5 7
5 7
5 |
1 | 5049-5052 | Rationalised 2023-24
136
Chemistry
5 7
5 7
5 7
5 |
1 | 5050-5053 | 7
5 7
5 7
5 7
5 |
1 | 5051-5054 | 7
5 7
5 7
5 7 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
and
and
and
and
and
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
ofofofofofApplications
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Ni
CO
CO
OC
CO
Ni(CO)
Tetrahedral
4
Fe
CO
CO
CO
OC
OC
Fe(CO)
Trigonal bipyramidal
5
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Cr
CO
CO
CO
OC
CO
CO
CO CO
CO
CO
Mn
Mn
Cr(CO) Octahedral
6
[Mn (CO) ]
2
10
CO
CO
CO
Co
Co
OC
OC
[Co (CO) ]
2
8
OC
C
O
O
C
Fig |
1 | 5052-5055 | 7
5 7
5 7 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
and
and
and
and
and
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
ofofofofofApplications
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Ni
CO
CO
OC
CO
Ni(CO)
Tetrahedral
4
Fe
CO
CO
CO
OC
OC
Fe(CO)
Trigonal bipyramidal
5
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Cr
CO
CO
CO
OC
CO
CO
CO CO
CO
CO
Mn
Mn
Cr(CO) Octahedral
6
[Mn (CO) ]
2
10
CO
CO
CO
Co
Co
OC
OC
[Co (CO) ]
2
8
OC
C
O
O
C
Fig 5 |
1 | 5053-5056 | 7
5 7 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
and
and
and
and
and
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
ofofofofofApplications
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Ni
CO
CO
OC
CO
Ni(CO)
Tetrahedral
4
Fe
CO
CO
CO
OC
OC
Fe(CO)
Trigonal bipyramidal
5
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Cr
CO
CO
CO
OC
CO
CO
CO CO
CO
CO
Mn
Mn
Cr(CO) Octahedral
6
[Mn (CO) ]
2
10
CO
CO
CO
Co
Co
OC
OC
[Co (CO) ]
2
8
OC
C
O
O
C
Fig 5 13
Structures of some
representative
homoleptic metal
carbonyls |
1 | 5054-5057 | 7 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
and
and
and
and
and
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
ofofofofofApplications
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Coordination
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Ni
CO
CO
OC
CO
Ni(CO)
Tetrahedral
4
Fe
CO
CO
CO
OC
OC
Fe(CO)
Trigonal bipyramidal
5
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Cr
CO
CO
CO
OC
CO
CO
CO CO
CO
CO
Mn
Mn
Cr(CO) Octahedral
6
[Mn (CO) ]
2
10
CO
CO
CO
Co
Co
OC
OC
[Co (CO) ]
2
8
OC
C
O
O
C
Fig 5 13
Structures of some
representative
homoleptic metal
carbonyls The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls
possess both s and p character |
1 | 5055-5058 | 5 13
Structures of some
representative
homoleptic metal
carbonyls The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls
possess both s and p character The M–C s bond
is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons
on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of
the metal |
1 | 5056-5059 | 13
Structures of some
representative
homoleptic metal
carbonyls The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls
possess both s and p character The M–C s bond
is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons
on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of
the metal The M–C p bond is formed by the
donation of a pair of electrons from a filled d orbital
of metal into the vacant antibonding p*
orbital of
carbon monoxide |
1 | 5057-5060 | The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls
possess both s and p character The M–C s bond
is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons
on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of
the metal The M–C p bond is formed by the
donation of a pair of electrons from a filled d orbital
of metal into the vacant antibonding p*
orbital of
carbon monoxide The metal to ligand bonding
creates a synergic effect which strengthens the
bond between CO and the metal (Fig |
1 | 5058-5061 | The M–C s bond
is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons
on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of
the metal The M–C p bond is formed by the
donation of a pair of electrons from a filled d orbital
of metal into the vacant antibonding p*
orbital of
carbon monoxide The metal to ligand bonding
creates a synergic effect which strengthens the
bond between CO and the metal (Fig 5 |
1 | 5059-5062 | The M–C p bond is formed by the
donation of a pair of electrons from a filled d orbital
of metal into the vacant antibonding p*
orbital of
carbon monoxide The metal to ligand bonding
creates a synergic effect which strengthens the
bond between CO and the metal (Fig 5 14) |
1 | 5060-5063 | The metal to ligand bonding
creates a synergic effect which strengthens the
bond between CO and the metal (Fig 5 14) Fig |
1 | 5061-5064 | 5 14) Fig 5 |
1 | 5062-5065 | 14) Fig 5 14: Example of synergic bonding
interactions
in
a
carbonyl
complex |
1 | 5063-5066 | Fig 5 14: Example of synergic bonding
interactions
in
a
carbonyl
complex The coordination compounds are of great importance |
1 | 5064-5067 | 5 14: Example of synergic bonding
interactions
in
a
carbonyl
complex The coordination compounds are of great importance These compounds
are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are
known to play many important functions in the area of analytical
chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine |
1 | 5065-5068 | 14: Example of synergic bonding
interactions
in
a
carbonyl
complex The coordination compounds are of great importance These compounds
are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are
known to play many important functions in the area of analytical
chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine These
•are described below:
Coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and
quantitative chemical analysis |
1 | 5066-5069 | The coordination compounds are of great importance These compounds
are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are
known to play many important functions in the area of analytical
chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine These
•are described below:
Coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and
quantitative chemical analysis The familiar colour reactions given
by metal ions with a number of ligands (especially chelating ligands),
as a result of formation of coordination entities, form the basis for
their detection and estimation by classical and instrumental methods
of analysis |
1 | 5067-5070 | These compounds
are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are
known to play many important functions in the area of analytical
chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine These
•are described below:
Coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and
quantitative chemical analysis The familiar colour reactions given
by metal ions with a number of ligands (especially chelating ligands),
as a result of formation of coordination entities, form the basis for
their detection and estimation by classical and instrumental methods
of analysis Examples of such reagents include EDTA, DMG
(dimethylglyoxime), a–nitroso–b–naphthol, cupron, etc |
1 | 5068-5071 | These
•are described below:
Coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and
quantitative chemical analysis The familiar colour reactions given
by metal ions with a number of ligands (especially chelating ligands),
as a result of formation of coordination entities, form the basis for
their detection and estimation by classical and instrumental methods
of analysis Examples of such reagents include EDTA, DMG
(dimethylglyoxime), a–nitroso–b–naphthol, cupron, etc •
Hardness of water is estimated by simple titration with Na2EDTA |
1 | 5069-5072 | The familiar colour reactions given
by metal ions with a number of ligands (especially chelating ligands),
as a result of formation of coordination entities, form the basis for
their detection and estimation by classical and instrumental methods
of analysis Examples of such reagents include EDTA, DMG
(dimethylglyoxime), a–nitroso–b–naphthol, cupron, etc •
Hardness of water is estimated by simple titration with Na2EDTA The Ca
2+ and Mg
2+ ions form stable complexes with EDTA |
1 | 5070-5073 | Examples of such reagents include EDTA, DMG
(dimethylglyoxime), a–nitroso–b–naphthol, cupron, etc •
Hardness of water is estimated by simple titration with Na2EDTA The Ca
2+ and Mg
2+ ions form stable complexes with EDTA The
selective estimation of these ions can be done due to difference in
the stability constants of calcium and magnesium complexes |
1 | 5071-5074 | •
Hardness of water is estimated by simple titration with Na2EDTA The Ca
2+ and Mg
2+ ions form stable complexes with EDTA The
selective estimation of these ions can be done due to difference in
the stability constants of calcium and magnesium complexes •
Some important extraction processes of metals, like those of silver and
gold, make use of complex formation |
1 | 5072-5075 | The Ca
2+ and Mg
2+ ions form stable complexes with EDTA The
selective estimation of these ions can be done due to difference in
the stability constants of calcium and magnesium complexes •
Some important extraction processes of metals, like those of silver and
gold, make use of complex formation Gold, for example, combines with
cyanide in the presence of oxygen and water to form the coordination
entity [Au(CN)2]
– in aqueous solution |
1 | 5073-5076 | The
selective estimation of these ions can be done due to difference in
the stability constants of calcium and magnesium complexes •
Some important extraction processes of metals, like those of silver and
gold, make use of complex formation Gold, for example, combines with
cyanide in the presence of oxygen and water to form the coordination
entity [Au(CN)2]
– in aqueous solution Gold can be separated in metallic
form from this solution by the addition of zinc |
1 | 5074-5077 | •
Some important extraction processes of metals, like those of silver and
gold, make use of complex formation Gold, for example, combines with
cyanide in the presence of oxygen and water to form the coordination
entity [Au(CN)2]
– in aqueous solution Gold can be separated in metallic
form from this solution by the addition of zinc •
Similarly, purification of metals can be achieved through formation
and subsequent decomposition of their coordination compounds |
1 | 5075-5078 | Gold, for example, combines with
cyanide in the presence of oxygen and water to form the coordination
entity [Au(CN)2]
– in aqueous solution Gold can be separated in metallic
form from this solution by the addition of zinc •
Similarly, purification of metals can be achieved through formation
and subsequent decomposition of their coordination compounds Rationalised 2023-24
137
Coordination Compounds
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
The chemistry of coordination compounds is an important and challenging
area of modern inorganic chemistry |
1 | 5076-5079 | Gold can be separated in metallic
form from this solution by the addition of zinc •
Similarly, purification of metals can be achieved through formation
and subsequent decomposition of their coordination compounds Rationalised 2023-24
137
Coordination Compounds
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
The chemistry of coordination compounds is an important and challenging
area of modern inorganic chemistry During the last fifty years, advances in this
area, have provided development of new concepts and models of bonding and
molecular structure, novel breakthroughs in chemical industry and vital
insights into the functioning of critical components of biological systems |
1 | 5077-5080 | •
Similarly, purification of metals can be achieved through formation
and subsequent decomposition of their coordination compounds Rationalised 2023-24
137
Coordination Compounds
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
The chemistry of coordination compounds is an important and challenging
area of modern inorganic chemistry During the last fifty years, advances in this
area, have provided development of new concepts and models of bonding and
molecular structure, novel breakthroughs in chemical industry and vital
insights into the functioning of critical components of biological systems The first systematic attempt at explaining the formation, reactions, structure
and bonding of a coordination compound was made by A |
1 | 5078-5081 | Rationalised 2023-24
137
Coordination Compounds
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
The chemistry of coordination compounds is an important and challenging
area of modern inorganic chemistry During the last fifty years, advances in this
area, have provided development of new concepts and models of bonding and
molecular structure, novel breakthroughs in chemical industry and vital
insights into the functioning of critical components of biological systems The first systematic attempt at explaining the formation, reactions, structure
and bonding of a coordination compound was made by A Werner |
1 | 5079-5082 | During the last fifty years, advances in this
area, have provided development of new concepts and models of bonding and
molecular structure, novel breakthroughs in chemical industry and vital
insights into the functioning of critical components of biological systems The first systematic attempt at explaining the formation, reactions, structure
and bonding of a coordination compound was made by A Werner His theory
postulated the use of two types of linkages (primary and secondary) by a
metal atom/ion in a coordination compound |
1 | 5080-5083 | The first systematic attempt at explaining the formation, reactions, structure
and bonding of a coordination compound was made by A Werner His theory
postulated the use of two types of linkages (primary and secondary) by a
metal atom/ion in a coordination compound In the modern language of chemistry
these linkages are recognised as the ionisable (ionic) and non-ionisable (covalent)
bonds, respectively |
1 | 5081-5084 | Werner His theory
postulated the use of two types of linkages (primary and secondary) by a
metal atom/ion in a coordination compound In the modern language of chemistry
these linkages are recognised as the ionisable (ionic) and non-ionisable (covalent)
bonds, respectively Using the property of isomerism, Werner predicted the
geometrical shapes of a large number of coordination entities |
1 | 5082-5085 | His theory
postulated the use of two types of linkages (primary and secondary) by a
metal atom/ion in a coordination compound In the modern language of chemistry
these linkages are recognised as the ionisable (ionic) and non-ionisable (covalent)
bonds, respectively Using the property of isomerism, Werner predicted the
geometrical shapes of a large number of coordination entities The Valence Bond Theory (VBT) explains with reasonable success, the
formation, magnetic behaviour and geometrical shapes of coordination compounds |
1 | 5083-5086 | In the modern language of chemistry
these linkages are recognised as the ionisable (ionic) and non-ionisable (covalent)
bonds, respectively Using the property of isomerism, Werner predicted the
geometrical shapes of a large number of coordination entities The Valence Bond Theory (VBT) explains with reasonable success, the
formation, magnetic behaviour and geometrical shapes of coordination compounds It, however, fails to provide a quantitative interpretation of magnetic behaviour
and has nothing to say about the optical properties of these compounds |
1 | 5084-5087 | Using the property of isomerism, Werner predicted the
geometrical shapes of a large number of coordination entities The Valence Bond Theory (VBT) explains with reasonable success, the
formation, magnetic behaviour and geometrical shapes of coordination compounds It, however, fails to provide a quantitative interpretation of magnetic behaviour
and has nothing to say about the optical properties of these compounds The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) to coordination compounds is based on
the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges),
For example, impure nickel is converted to [Ni(CO)4], which is
decomposed to yield pure nickel |
1 | 5085-5088 | The Valence Bond Theory (VBT) explains with reasonable success, the
formation, magnetic behaviour and geometrical shapes of coordination compounds It, however, fails to provide a quantitative interpretation of magnetic behaviour
and has nothing to say about the optical properties of these compounds The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) to coordination compounds is based on
the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges),
For example, impure nickel is converted to [Ni(CO)4], which is
decomposed to yield pure nickel •
Coordination compounds are of great importance in biological
systems |
1 | 5086-5089 | It, however, fails to provide a quantitative interpretation of magnetic behaviour
and has nothing to say about the optical properties of these compounds The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) to coordination compounds is based on
the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges),
For example, impure nickel is converted to [Ni(CO)4], which is
decomposed to yield pure nickel •
Coordination compounds are of great importance in biological
systems The pigment responsible for photosynthesis, chlorophyll,
is a coordination compound of magnesium |
1 | 5087-5090 | The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) to coordination compounds is based on
the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges),
For example, impure nickel is converted to [Ni(CO)4], which is
decomposed to yield pure nickel •
Coordination compounds are of great importance in biological
systems The pigment responsible for photosynthesis, chlorophyll,
is a coordination compound of magnesium Haemoglobin, the red
pigment of blood which acts as oxygen carrier is a coordination
compound of iron |
1 | 5088-5091 | •
Coordination compounds are of great importance in biological
systems The pigment responsible for photosynthesis, chlorophyll,
is a coordination compound of magnesium Haemoglobin, the red
pigment of blood which acts as oxygen carrier is a coordination
compound of iron Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamine, the anti–
pernicious anaemia factor, is a coordination compound of cobalt |
1 | 5089-5092 | The pigment responsible for photosynthesis, chlorophyll,
is a coordination compound of magnesium Haemoglobin, the red
pigment of blood which acts as oxygen carrier is a coordination
compound of iron Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamine, the anti–
pernicious anaemia factor, is a coordination compound of cobalt Among the other compounds of biological importance with
coordinated metal ions are the enzymes like, carboxypeptidase A
and carbonic anhydrase (catalysts of biological systems) |
1 | 5090-5093 | Haemoglobin, the red
pigment of blood which acts as oxygen carrier is a coordination
compound of iron Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamine, the anti–
pernicious anaemia factor, is a coordination compound of cobalt Among the other compounds of biological importance with
coordinated metal ions are the enzymes like, carboxypeptidase A
and carbonic anhydrase (catalysts of biological systems) •
Coordination compounds are used as catalysts for many industrial
processes |
1 | 5091-5094 | Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamine, the anti–
pernicious anaemia factor, is a coordination compound of cobalt Among the other compounds of biological importance with
coordinated metal ions are the enzymes like, carboxypeptidase A
and carbonic anhydrase (catalysts of biological systems) •
Coordination compounds are used as catalysts for many industrial
processes Examples include rhodium complex, [(Ph3P)3RhCl], a
Wilkinson catalyst, is used for the hydrogenation of alkenes |
1 | 5092-5095 | Among the other compounds of biological importance with
coordinated metal ions are the enzymes like, carboxypeptidase A
and carbonic anhydrase (catalysts of biological systems) •
Coordination compounds are used as catalysts for many industrial
processes Examples include rhodium complex, [(Ph3P)3RhCl], a
Wilkinson catalyst, is used for the hydrogenation of alkenes •
Articles can be electroplated with silver and gold much more
smoothly and evenly from solutions of the complexes, [Ag(CN)2]
–
and [Au(CN)2]
– than from a solution of simple metal ions |
1 | 5093-5096 | •
Coordination compounds are used as catalysts for many industrial
processes Examples include rhodium complex, [(Ph3P)3RhCl], a
Wilkinson catalyst, is used for the hydrogenation of alkenes •
Articles can be electroplated with silver and gold much more
smoothly and evenly from solutions of the complexes, [Ag(CN)2]
–
and [Au(CN)2]
– than from a solution of simple metal ions •
In black and white photography, the developed film is fixed by
washing with hypo solution which dissolves the undecomposed
AgBr to form a complex ion, [Ag(S2O3)2]
3– |
1 | 5094-5097 | Examples include rhodium complex, [(Ph3P)3RhCl], a
Wilkinson catalyst, is used for the hydrogenation of alkenes •
Articles can be electroplated with silver and gold much more
smoothly and evenly from solutions of the complexes, [Ag(CN)2]
–
and [Au(CN)2]
– than from a solution of simple metal ions •
In black and white photography, the developed film is fixed by
washing with hypo solution which dissolves the undecomposed
AgBr to form a complex ion, [Ag(S2O3)2]
3– •
There is growing interest in the use of chelate therapy in medicinal
chemistry |
1 | 5095-5098 | •
Articles can be electroplated with silver and gold much more
smoothly and evenly from solutions of the complexes, [Ag(CN)2]
–
and [Au(CN)2]
– than from a solution of simple metal ions •
In black and white photography, the developed film is fixed by
washing with hypo solution which dissolves the undecomposed
AgBr to form a complex ion, [Ag(S2O3)2]
3– •
There is growing interest in the use of chelate therapy in medicinal
chemistry An example is the treatment of problems caused by the
presence of metals in toxic proportions in plant/animal systems |
1 | 5096-5099 | •
In black and white photography, the developed film is fixed by
washing with hypo solution which dissolves the undecomposed
AgBr to form a complex ion, [Ag(S2O3)2]
3– •
There is growing interest in the use of chelate therapy in medicinal
chemistry An example is the treatment of problems caused by the
presence of metals in toxic proportions in plant/animal systems Thus, excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands
D–penicillamine and desferrioxime B via the formation of coordination
compounds |
1 | 5097-5100 | •
There is growing interest in the use of chelate therapy in medicinal
chemistry An example is the treatment of problems caused by the
presence of metals in toxic proportions in plant/animal systems Thus, excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands
D–penicillamine and desferrioxime B via the formation of coordination
compounds EDTA is used in the treatment of lead poisoning |
1 | 5098-5101 | An example is the treatment of problems caused by the
presence of metals in toxic proportions in plant/animal systems Thus, excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands
D–penicillamine and desferrioxime B via the formation of coordination
compounds EDTA is used in the treatment of lead poisoning Some
coordination compounds of platinum effectively inhibit the growth
of tumours |
1 | 5099-5102 | Thus, excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands
D–penicillamine and desferrioxime B via the formation of coordination
compounds EDTA is used in the treatment of lead poisoning Some
coordination compounds of platinum effectively inhibit the growth
of tumours Examples are: cis–platin and related compounds |
1 | 5100-5103 | EDTA is used in the treatment of lead poisoning Some
coordination compounds of platinum effectively inhibit the growth
of tumours Examples are: cis–platin and related compounds Rationalised 2023-24
138
Chemistry
on the degeneracy of d orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion |
1 | 5101-5104 | Some
coordination compounds of platinum effectively inhibit the growth
of tumours Examples are: cis–platin and related compounds Rationalised 2023-24
138
Chemistry
on the degeneracy of d orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion The
splitting of the d orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong
and weak crystal fields |
1 | 5102-5105 | Examples are: cis–platin and related compounds Rationalised 2023-24
138
Chemistry
on the degeneracy of d orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion The
splitting of the d orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong
and weak crystal fields The treatment provides for quantitative estimations of
orbital separation energies, magnetic moments and spectral and stability
parameters |
1 | 5103-5106 | Rationalised 2023-24
138
Chemistry
on the degeneracy of d orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion The
splitting of the d orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong
and weak crystal fields The treatment provides for quantitative estimations of
orbital separation energies, magnetic moments and spectral and stability
parameters However, the assumption that ligands consititute point charges
creates many theoretical difficulties |
1 | 5104-5107 | The
splitting of the d orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong
and weak crystal fields The treatment provides for quantitative estimations of
orbital separation energies, magnetic moments and spectral and stability
parameters However, the assumption that ligands consititute point charges
creates many theoretical difficulties The metal–carbon bond in metal carbonyls possesses both s and p character |
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