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1 | 3605-3608 | 19
A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% decomposition Calculate t1/2 3 20
For the decomposition of azoisopropane to hexane and nitrogen at 543
K, the following data are obtained |
1 | 3606-3609 | Calculate t1/2 3 20
For the decomposition of azoisopropane to hexane and nitrogen at 543
K, the following data are obtained t (sec)
P(mm of Hg)
0
35 |
1 | 3607-3610 | 3 20
For the decomposition of azoisopropane to hexane and nitrogen at 543
K, the following data are obtained t (sec)
P(mm of Hg)
0
35 0
360
54 |
1 | 3608-3611 | 20
For the decomposition of azoisopropane to hexane and nitrogen at 543
K, the following data are obtained t (sec)
P(mm of Hg)
0
35 0
360
54 0
720
63 |
1 | 3609-3612 | t (sec)
P(mm of Hg)
0
35 0
360
54 0
720
63 0
Calculate the rate constant |
1 | 3610-3613 | 0
360
54 0
720
63 0
Calculate the rate constant 3 |
1 | 3611-3614 | 0
720
63 0
Calculate the rate constant 3 21
The following data were obtained during the first order thermal
decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume |
1 | 3612-3615 | 0
Calculate the rate constant 3 21
The following data were obtained during the first order thermal
decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume
2
2
2
2
SO Cl
g
SO
g
Cl
g
Experiment
Time/s–1
Total pressure/atm
1
0
0 |
1 | 3613-3616 | 3 21
The following data were obtained during the first order thermal
decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume
2
2
2
2
SO Cl
g
SO
g
Cl
g
Experiment
Time/s–1
Total pressure/atm
1
0
0 5
2
100
0 |
1 | 3614-3617 | 21
The following data were obtained during the first order thermal
decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume
2
2
2
2
SO Cl
g
SO
g
Cl
g
Experiment
Time/s–1
Total pressure/atm
1
0
0 5
2
100
0 6
Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0 |
1 | 3615-3618 |
2
2
2
2
SO Cl
g
SO
g
Cl
g
Experiment
Time/s–1
Total pressure/atm
1
0
0 5
2
100
0 6
Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0 65 atm |
1 | 3616-3619 | 5
2
100
0 6
Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0 65 atm 3 |
1 | 3617-3620 | 6
Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0 65 atm 3 22
The rate constant for the decomposition of N2O5 at various temperatures
is given below:
T/°C
0
20
40
60
80
105 × k/s-1
0 |
1 | 3618-3621 | 65 atm 3 22
The rate constant for the decomposition of N2O5 at various temperatures
is given below:
T/°C
0
20
40
60
80
105 × k/s-1
0 0787
1 |
1 | 3619-3622 | 3 22
The rate constant for the decomposition of N2O5 at various temperatures
is given below:
T/°C
0
20
40
60
80
105 × k/s-1
0 0787
1 70
25 |
1 | 3620-3623 | 22
The rate constant for the decomposition of N2O5 at various temperatures
is given below:
T/°C
0
20
40
60
80
105 × k/s-1
0 0787
1 70
25 7
178
2140
Draw a graph between ln k and 1/T and calculate the values of A and
Ea |
1 | 3621-3624 | 0787
1 70
25 7
178
2140
Draw a graph between ln k and 1/T and calculate the values of A and
Ea Predict the rate constant at 30° and 50°C |
1 | 3622-3625 | 70
25 7
178
2140
Draw a graph between ln k and 1/T and calculate the values of A and
Ea Predict the rate constant at 30° and 50°C 3 |
1 | 3623-3626 | 7
178
2140
Draw a graph between ln k and 1/T and calculate the values of A and
Ea Predict the rate constant at 30° and 50°C 3 23
The rate constant for the decomposition of hydrocarbons is 2 |
1 | 3624-3627 | Predict the rate constant at 30° and 50°C 3 23
The rate constant for the decomposition of hydrocarbons is 2 418 × 10–5s–1
at 546 K |
1 | 3625-3628 | 3 23
The rate constant for the decomposition of hydrocarbons is 2 418 × 10–5s–1
at 546 K If the energy of activation is 179 |
1 | 3626-3629 | 23
The rate constant for the decomposition of hydrocarbons is 2 418 × 10–5s–1
at 546 K If the energy of activation is 179 9 kJ/mol, what will be the value
of pre-exponential factor |
1 | 3627-3630 | 418 × 10–5s–1
at 546 K If the energy of activation is 179 9 kJ/mol, what will be the value
of pre-exponential factor 3 |
1 | 3628-3631 | If the energy of activation is 179 9 kJ/mol, what will be the value
of pre-exponential factor 3 24
Consider a certain reaction A ® Products with k = 2 |
1 | 3629-3632 | 9 kJ/mol, what will be the value
of pre-exponential factor 3 24
Consider a certain reaction A ® Products with k = 2 0 × 10 –2s–1 |
1 | 3630-3633 | 3 24
Consider a certain reaction A ® Products with k = 2 0 × 10 –2s–1 Calculate
the concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration
of A is 1 |
1 | 3631-3634 | 24
Consider a certain reaction A ® Products with k = 2 0 × 10 –2s–1 Calculate
the concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration
of A is 1 0 mol L–1 |
1 | 3632-3635 | 0 × 10 –2s–1 Calculate
the concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration
of A is 1 0 mol L–1 3 |
1 | 3633-3636 | Calculate
the concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration
of A is 1 0 mol L–1 3 25
Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according
to the first order rate law, with t1/2 = 3 |
1 | 3634-3637 | 0 mol L–1 3 25
Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according
to the first order rate law, with t1/2 = 3 00 hours |
1 | 3635-3638 | 3 25
Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according
to the first order rate law, with t1/2 = 3 00 hours What fraction of sample
of sucrose remains after 8 hours |
1 | 3636-3639 | 25
Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according
to the first order rate law, with t1/2 = 3 00 hours What fraction of sample
of sucrose remains after 8 hours 3 |
1 | 3637-3640 | 00 hours What fraction of sample
of sucrose remains after 8 hours 3 26
The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation
k = (4 |
1 | 3638-3641 | What fraction of sample
of sucrose remains after 8 hours 3 26
The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation
k = (4 5 × 1011s–1) e-28000K/T
Calculate Ea |
1 | 3639-3642 | 3 26
The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation
k = (4 5 × 1011s–1) e-28000K/T
Calculate Ea Rationalised 2023-24
88
Chemistry
3 |
1 | 3640-3643 | 26
The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation
k = (4 5 × 1011s–1) e-28000K/T
Calculate Ea Rationalised 2023-24
88
Chemistry
3 27
The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the
following equation:
log k = 14 |
1 | 3641-3644 | 5 × 1011s–1) e-28000K/T
Calculate Ea Rationalised 2023-24
88
Chemistry
3 27
The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the
following equation:
log k = 14 34 – 1 |
1 | 3642-3645 | Rationalised 2023-24
88
Chemistry
3 27
The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the
following equation:
log k = 14 34 – 1 25 × 104K/T
Calculate Ea for this reaction and at what temperature will its half-period
be 256 minutes |
1 | 3643-3646 | 27
The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the
following equation:
log k = 14 34 – 1 25 × 104K/T
Calculate Ea for this reaction and at what temperature will its half-period
be 256 minutes 3 |
1 | 3644-3647 | 34 – 1 25 × 104K/T
Calculate Ea for this reaction and at what temperature will its half-period
be 256 minutes 3 28
The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4 |
1 | 3645-3648 | 25 × 104K/T
Calculate Ea for this reaction and at what temperature will its half-period
be 256 minutes 3 28
The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4 5 × 103 s–1 at 10°C
and energy of activation 60 kJ mol–1 |
1 | 3646-3649 | 3 28
The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4 5 × 103 s–1 at 10°C
and energy of activation 60 kJ mol–1 At what temperature would k be
1 |
1 | 3647-3650 | 28
The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4 5 × 103 s–1 at 10°C
and energy of activation 60 kJ mol–1 At what temperature would k be
1 5 × 104s–1 |
1 | 3648-3651 | 5 × 103 s–1 at 10°C
and energy of activation 60 kJ mol–1 At what temperature would k be
1 5 × 104s–1 3 |
1 | 3649-3652 | At what temperature would k be
1 5 × 104s–1 3 29
The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298K is
equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308K |
1 | 3650-3653 | 5 × 104s–1 3 29
The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298K is
equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308K If the value of A is
4 × 1010s–1 |
1 | 3651-3654 | 3 29
The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298K is
equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308K If the value of A is
4 × 1010s–1 Calculate k at 318K and Ea |
1 | 3652-3655 | 29
The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298K is
equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308K If the value of A is
4 × 1010s–1 Calculate k at 318K and Ea 3 |
1 | 3653-3656 | If the value of A is
4 × 1010s–1 Calculate k at 318K and Ea 3 30
The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from
293 K to 313 K |
1 | 3654-3657 | Calculate k at 318K and Ea 3 30
The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from
293 K to 313 K Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction assuming
that it does not change with temperature |
1 | 3655-3658 | 3 30
The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from
293 K to 313 K Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction assuming
that it does not change with temperature Answers to Some Intext Questions
3 |
1 | 3656-3659 | 30
The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from
293 K to 313 K Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction assuming
that it does not change with temperature Answers to Some Intext Questions
3 1
rav = 6 |
1 | 3657-3660 | Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction assuming
that it does not change with temperature Answers to Some Intext Questions
3 1
rav = 6 66 × 10–6 Ms–1
3 |
1 | 3658-3661 | Answers to Some Intext Questions
3 1
rav = 6 66 × 10–6 Ms–1
3 2
Rate of reaction = rate of diappearance of A
= 0 |
1 | 3659-3662 | 1
rav = 6 66 × 10–6 Ms–1
3 2
Rate of reaction = rate of diappearance of A
= 0 005 mol litre–1min–1
3 |
1 | 3660-3663 | 66 × 10–6 Ms–1
3 2
Rate of reaction = rate of diappearance of A
= 0 005 mol litre–1min–1
3 3
Order of the reaction is 2 |
1 | 3661-3664 | 2
Rate of reaction = rate of diappearance of A
= 0 005 mol litre–1min–1
3 3
Order of the reaction is 2 5
3 |
1 | 3662-3665 | 005 mol litre–1min–1
3 3
Order of the reaction is 2 5
3 4
X ® Y
Rate = k[X]2
The rate will increase 9 times
3 |
1 | 3663-3666 | 3
Order of the reaction is 2 5
3 4
X ® Y
Rate = k[X]2
The rate will increase 9 times
3 5
t = 444 s
3 |
1 | 3664-3667 | 5
3 4
X ® Y
Rate = k[X]2
The rate will increase 9 times
3 5
t = 444 s
3 6
1 |
1 | 3665-3668 | 4
X ® Y
Rate = k[X]2
The rate will increase 9 times
3 5
t = 444 s
3 6
1 925 × 10–4 s–1
3 |
1 | 3666-3669 | 5
t = 444 s
3 6
1 925 × 10–4 s–1
3 8
Ea = 52 |
1 | 3667-3670 | 6
1 925 × 10–4 s–1
3 8
Ea = 52 897 kJ mol–1
3 |
1 | 3668-3671 | 925 × 10–4 s–1
3 8
Ea = 52 897 kJ mol–1
3 9
1 |
1 | 3669-3672 | 8
Ea = 52 897 kJ mol–1
3 9
1 471 × 10–19
Rationalised 2023-24
The d-block of the periodic table contains the elements
of the groups 3-12 in which the d orbitals are
progressively filled in each of the four long periods |
1 | 3670-3673 | 897 kJ mol–1
3 9
1 471 × 10–19
Rationalised 2023-24
The d-block of the periodic table contains the elements
of the groups 3-12 in which the d orbitals are
progressively filled in each of the four long periods The f-block consists of elements in which 4 f and 5 f
orbitals are progressively filled |
1 | 3671-3674 | 9
1 471 × 10–19
Rationalised 2023-24
The d-block of the periodic table contains the elements
of the groups 3-12 in which the d orbitals are
progressively filled in each of the four long periods The f-block consists of elements in which 4 f and 5 f
orbitals are progressively filled They are placed in a
separate panel at the bottom of the periodic table |
1 | 3672-3675 | 471 × 10–19
Rationalised 2023-24
The d-block of the periodic table contains the elements
of the groups 3-12 in which the d orbitals are
progressively filled in each of the four long periods The f-block consists of elements in which 4 f and 5 f
orbitals are progressively filled They are placed in a
separate panel at the bottom of the periodic table The
names transition metals and inner transition metals
are often used to refer to the elements of d-and
f-blocks respectively |
1 | 3673-3676 | The f-block consists of elements in which 4 f and 5 f
orbitals are progressively filled They are placed in a
separate panel at the bottom of the periodic table The
names transition metals and inner transition metals
are often used to refer to the elements of d-and
f-blocks respectively There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
3d series (Sc to Zn), 4d series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La
and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has Ac and elements
from Rf to Cn |
1 | 3674-3677 | They are placed in a
separate panel at the bottom of the periodic table The
names transition metals and inner transition metals
are often used to refer to the elements of d-and
f-blocks respectively There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
3d series (Sc to Zn), 4d series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La
and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has Ac and elements
from Rf to Cn The two series of the inner transition
metals; 4f (Ce to Lu) and 5f (Th to Lr) are known as
lanthanoids and actinoids respectively |
1 | 3675-3678 | The
names transition metals and inner transition metals
are often used to refer to the elements of d-and
f-blocks respectively There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
3d series (Sc to Zn), 4d series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La
and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has Ac and elements
from Rf to Cn The two series of the inner transition
metals; 4f (Ce to Lu) and 5f (Th to Lr) are known as
lanthanoids and actinoids respectively Originally the name transition metals was derived
from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements |
1 | 3676-3679 | There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
3d series (Sc to Zn), 4d series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La
and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has Ac and elements
from Rf to Cn The two series of the inner transition
metals; 4f (Ce to Lu) and 5f (Th to Lr) are known as
lanthanoids and actinoids respectively Originally the name transition metals was derived
from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements Now according to IUPAC, transition metals are defined
as metals which have incomplete d subshell either in
neutral atom or in their ions |
1 | 3677-3680 | The two series of the inner transition
metals; 4f (Ce to Lu) and 5f (Th to Lr) are known as
lanthanoids and actinoids respectively Originally the name transition metals was derived
from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements Now according to IUPAC, transition metals are defined
as metals which have incomplete d subshell either in
neutral atom or in their ions Zinc, cadmium and
mercury of group 12 have full d
10 configuration in their
ground state as well as in their common oxidation states
and hence, are not regarded as transition metals |
1 | 3678-3681 | Originally the name transition metals was derived
from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements Now according to IUPAC, transition metals are defined
as metals which have incomplete d subshell either in
neutral atom or in their ions Zinc, cadmium and
mercury of group 12 have full d
10 configuration in their
ground state as well as in their common oxidation states
and hence, are not regarded as transition metals However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d
transition series, respectively, their chemistry is studied
along with the chemistry of the transition metals |
1 | 3679-3682 | Now according to IUPAC, transition metals are defined
as metals which have incomplete d subshell either in
neutral atom or in their ions Zinc, cadmium and
mercury of group 12 have full d
10 configuration in their
ground state as well as in their common oxidation states
and hence, are not regarded as transition metals However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d
transition series, respectively, their chemistry is studied
along with the chemistry of the transition metals The presence of partly filled d or f orbitals in their
atoms makes transition elements different from that of
The d - and f -
Block Elements
The d- and f-
Block Elements
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
learn the positions of the d– and
f-block elements in the periodic
table;
•
know the electronic configurations
of the transition (d-block) and the
inner transition (f-block) elements;
•
appreciate the relative stability of
various oxidation states in terms
of electrode potential values;
•
describe
the
preparation,
properties, structures and uses
of some important compounds
such as K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4;
•
understand
the
general
characteristics of the d– and
f–block elements and the general
horizontal and group trends in
them;
•
describe the properties of the
f-block elements and give a
comparative
account
of
the
lanthanoids and actinoids with
respect
to
their
electronic
configurations, oxidation states
and chemical behaviour |
1 | 3680-3683 | Zinc, cadmium and
mercury of group 12 have full d
10 configuration in their
ground state as well as in their common oxidation states
and hence, are not regarded as transition metals However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d
transition series, respectively, their chemistry is studied
along with the chemistry of the transition metals The presence of partly filled d or f orbitals in their
atoms makes transition elements different from that of
The d - and f -
Block Elements
The d- and f-
Block Elements
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
learn the positions of the d– and
f-block elements in the periodic
table;
•
know the electronic configurations
of the transition (d-block) and the
inner transition (f-block) elements;
•
appreciate the relative stability of
various oxidation states in terms
of electrode potential values;
•
describe
the
preparation,
properties, structures and uses
of some important compounds
such as K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4;
•
understand
the
general
characteristics of the d– and
f–block elements and the general
horizontal and group trends in
them;
•
describe the properties of the
f-block elements and give a
comparative
account
of
the
lanthanoids and actinoids with
respect
to
their
electronic
configurations, oxidation states
and chemical behaviour Objectives
Iron, copper, silver and gold are among the transition elements that
have played important roles in the development of human civilisation |
1 | 3681-3684 | However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d
transition series, respectively, their chemistry is studied
along with the chemistry of the transition metals The presence of partly filled d or f orbitals in their
atoms makes transition elements different from that of
The d - and f -
Block Elements
The d- and f-
Block Elements
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
learn the positions of the d– and
f-block elements in the periodic
table;
•
know the electronic configurations
of the transition (d-block) and the
inner transition (f-block) elements;
•
appreciate the relative stability of
various oxidation states in terms
of electrode potential values;
•
describe
the
preparation,
properties, structures and uses
of some important compounds
such as K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4;
•
understand
the
general
characteristics of the d– and
f–block elements and the general
horizontal and group trends in
them;
•
describe the properties of the
f-block elements and give a
comparative
account
of
the
lanthanoids and actinoids with
respect
to
their
electronic
configurations, oxidation states
and chemical behaviour Objectives
Iron, copper, silver and gold are among the transition elements that
have played important roles in the development of human civilisation The inner transition elements such as Th, Pa and U are proving
excellent sources of nuclear energy in modern times |
1 | 3682-3685 | The presence of partly filled d or f orbitals in their
atoms makes transition elements different from that of
The d - and f -
Block Elements
The d- and f-
Block Elements
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
learn the positions of the d– and
f-block elements in the periodic
table;
•
know the electronic configurations
of the transition (d-block) and the
inner transition (f-block) elements;
•
appreciate the relative stability of
various oxidation states in terms
of electrode potential values;
•
describe
the
preparation,
properties, structures and uses
of some important compounds
such as K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4;
•
understand
the
general
characteristics of the d– and
f–block elements and the general
horizontal and group trends in
them;
•
describe the properties of the
f-block elements and give a
comparative
account
of
the
lanthanoids and actinoids with
respect
to
their
electronic
configurations, oxidation states
and chemical behaviour Objectives
Iron, copper, silver and gold are among the transition elements that
have played important roles in the development of human civilisation The inner transition elements such as Th, Pa and U are proving
excellent sources of nuclear energy in modern times 4
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit4
Rationalised 2023-24
90
Chemistry
the non-transition elements |
1 | 3683-3686 | Objectives
Iron, copper, silver and gold are among the transition elements that
have played important roles in the development of human civilisation The inner transition elements such as Th, Pa and U are proving
excellent sources of nuclear energy in modern times 4
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit4
Rationalised 2023-24
90
Chemistry
the non-transition elements Hence, transition elements
and their compounds are studied separately |
1 | 3684-3687 | The inner transition elements such as Th, Pa and U are proving
excellent sources of nuclear energy in modern times 4
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit4
Rationalised 2023-24
90
Chemistry
the non-transition elements Hence, transition elements
and their compounds are studied separately However,
the usual theory of valence as applicable to the non-
transition elements can be applied successfully to the
transition elements also |
1 | 3685-3688 | 4
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit4
Rationalised 2023-24
90
Chemistry
the non-transition elements Hence, transition elements
and their compounds are studied separately However,
the usual theory of valence as applicable to the non-
transition elements can be applied successfully to the
transition elements also Various precious metals such as silver, gold and
platinum and industrially important metals like iron,
copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series |
1 | 3686-3689 | Hence, transition elements
and their compounds are studied separately However,
the usual theory of valence as applicable to the non-
transition elements can be applied successfully to the
transition elements also Various precious metals such as silver, gold and
platinum and industrially important metals like iron,
copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series In this Unit, we shall first deal with the electronic
configuration, occurrence and general characteristics of
transition elements with special emphasis on the trends
in the properties of the first row (3d) transition metals
along with the preparation and properties of some
important compounds |
1 | 3687-3690 | However,
the usual theory of valence as applicable to the non-
transition elements can be applied successfully to the
transition elements also Various precious metals such as silver, gold and
platinum and industrially important metals like iron,
copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series In this Unit, we shall first deal with the electronic
configuration, occurrence and general characteristics of
transition elements with special emphasis on the trends
in the properties of the first row (3d) transition metals
along with the preparation and properties of some
important compounds This will be followed by
consideration of certain general aspects such as electronic
configurations, oxidation states and chemical reactivity
of the inner transition metals |
1 | 3688-3691 | Various precious metals such as silver, gold and
platinum and industrially important metals like iron,
copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series In this Unit, we shall first deal with the electronic
configuration, occurrence and general characteristics of
transition elements with special emphasis on the trends
in the properties of the first row (3d) transition metals
along with the preparation and properties of some
important compounds This will be followed by
consideration of certain general aspects such as electronic
configurations, oxidation states and chemical reactivity
of the inner transition metals THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS (d-BLOCK)
The d–block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table
flanked between s– and p– blocks in the periodic table |
1 | 3689-3692 | In this Unit, we shall first deal with the electronic
configuration, occurrence and general characteristics of
transition elements with special emphasis on the trends
in the properties of the first row (3d) transition metals
along with the preparation and properties of some
important compounds This will be followed by
consideration of certain general aspects such as electronic
configurations, oxidation states and chemical reactivity
of the inner transition metals THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS (d-BLOCK)
The d–block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table
flanked between s– and p– blocks in the periodic table The d–orbitals
of the penultimate energy level of atoms receive electrons giving rise to
four rows of the transition metals, i |
1 | 3690-3693 | This will be followed by
consideration of certain general aspects such as electronic
configurations, oxidation states and chemical reactivity
of the inner transition metals THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS (d-BLOCK)
The d–block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table
flanked between s– and p– blocks in the periodic table The d–orbitals
of the penultimate energy level of atoms receive electrons giving rise to
four rows of the transition metals, i e |
1 | 3691-3694 | THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS (d-BLOCK)
The d–block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table
flanked between s– and p– blocks in the periodic table The d–orbitals
of the penultimate energy level of atoms receive electrons giving rise to
four rows of the transition metals, i e , 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d |
1 | 3692-3695 | The d–orbitals
of the penultimate energy level of atoms receive electrons giving rise to
four rows of the transition metals, i e , 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d All these
series of transition elements are shown in Table 4 |
1 | 3693-3696 | e , 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d All these
series of transition elements are shown in Table 4 1 |
1 | 3694-3697 | , 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d All these
series of transition elements are shown in Table 4 1 In general the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements
is (n-1)d
1– 10ns
1–2except for Pd where its electronic configuration is 4d105s0 |
1 | 3695-3698 | All these
series of transition elements are shown in Table 4 1 In general the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements
is (n-1)d
1– 10ns
1–2except for Pd where its electronic configuration is 4d105s0 The (n–1) stands for the inner d orbitals which may have one to ten
electrons and the outermost ns orbital may have one or two electrons |
1 | 3696-3699 | 1 In general the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements
is (n-1)d
1– 10ns
1–2except for Pd where its electronic configuration is 4d105s0 The (n–1) stands for the inner d orbitals which may have one to ten
electrons and the outermost ns orbital may have one or two electrons However, this generalisation has several exceptions because of very
little energy difference between (n-1)d and ns orbitals |
1 | 3697-3700 | In general the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements
is (n-1)d
1– 10ns
1–2except for Pd where its electronic configuration is 4d105s0 The (n–1) stands for the inner d orbitals which may have one to ten
electrons and the outermost ns orbital may have one or two electrons However, this generalisation has several exceptions because of very
little energy difference between (n-1)d and ns orbitals Furthermore,
half and completely filled sets of orbitals are relatively more stable |
1 | 3698-3701 | The (n–1) stands for the inner d orbitals which may have one to ten
electrons and the outermost ns orbital may have one or two electrons However, this generalisation has several exceptions because of very
little energy difference between (n-1)d and ns orbitals Furthermore,
half and completely filled sets of orbitals are relatively more stable A
consequence of this factor is reflected in the electronic configurations
of Cr and Cu in the 3d series |
1 | 3699-3702 | However, this generalisation has several exceptions because of very
little energy difference between (n-1)d and ns orbitals Furthermore,
half and completely filled sets of orbitals are relatively more stable A
consequence of this factor is reflected in the electronic configurations
of Cr and Cu in the 3d series For example, consider the case of Cr,
which has 3d
5 4s
1 configuration instead of 3d
44s
2; the energy gap
between the two sets (3d and 4s) of orbitals is small enough to prevent
electron entering the 3d orbitals |
1 | 3700-3703 | Furthermore,
half and completely filled sets of orbitals are relatively more stable A
consequence of this factor is reflected in the electronic configurations
of Cr and Cu in the 3d series For example, consider the case of Cr,
which has 3d
5 4s
1 configuration instead of 3d
44s
2; the energy gap
between the two sets (3d and 4s) of orbitals is small enough to prevent
electron entering the 3d orbitals Similarly in case of Cu, the
configuration is 3d
104s
1 and not 3d
94s
2 |
1 | 3701-3704 | A
consequence of this factor is reflected in the electronic configurations
of Cr and Cu in the 3d series For example, consider the case of Cr,
which has 3d
5 4s
1 configuration instead of 3d
44s
2; the energy gap
between the two sets (3d and 4s) of orbitals is small enough to prevent
electron entering the 3d orbitals Similarly in case of Cu, the
configuration is 3d
104s
1 and not 3d
94s
2 The ground state electronic
configurations of the outer orbitals of transition elements are given in
Table 4 |
1 | 3702-3705 | For example, consider the case of Cr,
which has 3d
5 4s
1 configuration instead of 3d
44s
2; the energy gap
between the two sets (3d and 4s) of orbitals is small enough to prevent
electron entering the 3d orbitals Similarly in case of Cu, the
configuration is 3d
104s
1 and not 3d
94s
2 The ground state electronic
configurations of the outer orbitals of transition elements are given in
Table 4 1 |
1 | 3703-3706 | Similarly in case of Cu, the
configuration is 3d
104s
1 and not 3d
94s
2 The ground state electronic
configurations of the outer orbitals of transition elements are given in
Table 4 1 4 |
1 | 3704-3707 | The ground state electronic
configurations of the outer orbitals of transition elements are given in
Table 4 1 4 1
4 |
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