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1 | 2105-2108 | 5 Calculate the emf of the cell in which the following reaction takes place:
Ni(s) + 2Ag+ (0 002 M) ยฎ Ni2+ (0 160 M) + 2Ag(s)
Given that
o
Ecell
= 1 05 V
2 |
1 | 2106-2109 | 002 M) ยฎ Ni2+ (0 160 M) + 2Ag(s)
Given that
o
Ecell
= 1 05 V
2 6 The cell in which the following reaction occurs:
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
+
โ
+
+
โ
+
3
2
2
aq
aq
aq
2Fe
2I
2Fe
I
s has
o
Ecell
= 0 |
1 | 2107-2110 | 160 M) + 2Ag(s)
Given that
o
Ecell
= 1 05 V
2 6 The cell in which the following reaction occurs:
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
+
โ
+
+
โ
+
3
2
2
aq
aq
aq
2Fe
2I
2Fe
I
s has
o
Ecell
= 0 236 V at 298 K |
1 | 2108-2111 | 05 V
2 6 The cell in which the following reaction occurs:
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
+
โ
+
+
โ
+
3
2
2
aq
aq
aq
2Fe
2I
2Fe
I
s has
o
Ecell
= 0 236 V at 298 K Calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the
cell reaction |
1 | 2109-2112 | 6 The cell in which the following reaction occurs:
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
+
โ
+
+
โ
+
3
2
2
aq
aq
aq
2Fe
2I
2Fe
I
s has
o
Ecell
= 0 236 V at 298 K Calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the
cell reaction Rationalised 2023-24
42
Chemistry
*
Electronically conducting polymers โ In 1977 MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa discovered that acetylene gas can be
polymerised to produce a polymer, polyacetylene when exposed to vapours of iodine acquires metallic lustre and
conductivity |
1 | 2110-2113 | 236 V at 298 K Calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the
cell reaction Rationalised 2023-24
42
Chemistry
*
Electronically conducting polymers โ In 1977 MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa discovered that acetylene gas can be
polymerised to produce a polymer, polyacetylene when exposed to vapours of iodine acquires metallic lustre and
conductivity Since then several organic conducting polymers have been made such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and
polythiophene |
1 | 2111-2114 | Calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the
cell reaction Rationalised 2023-24
42
Chemistry
*
Electronically conducting polymers โ In 1977 MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa discovered that acetylene gas can be
polymerised to produce a polymer, polyacetylene when exposed to vapours of iodine acquires metallic lustre and
conductivity Since then several organic conducting polymers have been made such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and
polythiophene These organic polymers which have properties like metals, being composed wholly of elements like
carbon, hydrogen and occasionally nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, are much lighter than normal metals and can be used
for making light-weight batteries |
1 | 2112-2115 | Rationalised 2023-24
42
Chemistry
*
Electronically conducting polymers โ In 1977 MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa discovered that acetylene gas can be
polymerised to produce a polymer, polyacetylene when exposed to vapours of iodine acquires metallic lustre and
conductivity Since then several organic conducting polymers have been made such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and
polythiophene These organic polymers which have properties like metals, being composed wholly of elements like
carbon, hydrogen and occasionally nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, are much lighter than normal metals and can be used
for making light-weight batteries Besides, they have the mechanical properties of polymers such as flexibility so that
one can make electronic devices such as transistors that can bend like a sheet of plastic |
1 | 2113-2116 | Since then several organic conducting polymers have been made such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and
polythiophene These organic polymers which have properties like metals, being composed wholly of elements like
carbon, hydrogen and occasionally nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, are much lighter than normal metals and can be used
for making light-weight batteries Besides, they have the mechanical properties of polymers such as flexibility so that
one can make electronic devices such as transistors that can bend like a sheet of plastic For the discovery of conducting
polymers, MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2000 |
1 | 2114-2117 | These organic polymers which have properties like metals, being composed wholly of elements like
carbon, hydrogen and occasionally nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, are much lighter than normal metals and can be used
for making light-weight batteries Besides, they have the mechanical properties of polymers such as flexibility so that
one can make electronic devices such as transistors that can bend like a sheet of plastic For the discovery of conducting
polymers, MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2000 It can be seen from Table 2 |
1 | 2115-2118 | Besides, they have the mechanical properties of polymers such as flexibility so that
one can make electronic devices such as transistors that can bend like a sheet of plastic For the discovery of conducting
polymers, MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2000 It can be seen from Table 2 2 that the magnitude of conductivity
varies a great deal and depends on the nature of the material |
1 | 2116-2119 | For the discovery of conducting
polymers, MacDiarmid, Heeger and Shirakawa were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2000 It can be seen from Table 2 2 that the magnitude of conductivity
varies a great deal and depends on the nature of the material It also
depends on the temperature and pressure at which the measurements
are made |
1 | 2117-2120 | It can be seen from Table 2 2 that the magnitude of conductivity
varies a great deal and depends on the nature of the material It also
depends on the temperature and pressure at which the measurements
are made Materials are classified into conductors, insulators and
semiconductors depending on the magnitude of their conductivity |
1 | 2118-2121 | 2 that the magnitude of conductivity
varies a great deal and depends on the nature of the material It also
depends on the temperature and pressure at which the measurements
are made Materials are classified into conductors, insulators and
semiconductors depending on the magnitude of their conductivity Metals
and their alloys have very large conductivity and are known as conductors |
1 | 2119-2122 | It also
depends on the temperature and pressure at which the measurements
are made Materials are classified into conductors, insulators and
semiconductors depending on the magnitude of their conductivity Metals
and their alloys have very large conductivity and are known as conductors Certain non-metals like carbon-black, graphite and some organic
polymers* are also electronically conducting |
1 | 2120-2123 | Materials are classified into conductors, insulators and
semiconductors depending on the magnitude of their conductivity Metals
and their alloys have very large conductivity and are known as conductors Certain non-metals like carbon-black, graphite and some organic
polymers* are also electronically conducting Substances like glass,
ceramics, etc |
1 | 2121-2124 | Metals
and their alloys have very large conductivity and are known as conductors Certain non-metals like carbon-black, graphite and some organic
polymers* are also electronically conducting Substances like glass,
ceramics, etc , having very low conductivity are known as insulators |
1 | 2122-2125 | Certain non-metals like carbon-black, graphite and some organic
polymers* are also electronically conducting Substances like glass,
ceramics, etc , having very low conductivity are known as insulators Substances like silicon, doped silicon and gallium arsenide having
conductivity between conductors and insulators are called
semiconductors and are important electronic materials |
1 | 2123-2126 | Substances like glass,
ceramics, etc , having very low conductivity are known as insulators Substances like silicon, doped silicon and gallium arsenide having
conductivity between conductors and insulators are called
semiconductors and are important electronic materials Certain materials
called superconductors by definition have zero resistivity or infinite
conductivity |
1 | 2124-2127 | , having very low conductivity are known as insulators Substances like silicon, doped silicon and gallium arsenide having
conductivity between conductors and insulators are called
semiconductors and are important electronic materials Certain materials
called superconductors by definition have zero resistivity or infinite
conductivity Earlier, only metals and their alloys at very low temperatures
(0 to 15 K) were known to behave as superconductors, but nowadays a
number of ceramic materials and mixed oxides are also known to show
superconductivity at temperatures as high as 150 K |
1 | 2125-2128 | Substances like silicon, doped silicon and gallium arsenide having
conductivity between conductors and insulators are called
semiconductors and are important electronic materials Certain materials
called superconductors by definition have zero resistivity or infinite
conductivity Earlier, only metals and their alloys at very low temperatures
(0 to 15 K) were known to behave as superconductors, but nowadays a
number of ceramic materials and mixed oxides are also known to show
superconductivity at temperatures as high as 150 K Electrical conductance through metals is called metallic or electronic
conductance and is due to the movement of electrons |
1 | 2126-2129 | Certain materials
called superconductors by definition have zero resistivity or infinite
conductivity Earlier, only metals and their alloys at very low temperatures
(0 to 15 K) were known to behave as superconductors, but nowadays a
number of ceramic materials and mixed oxides are also known to show
superconductivity at temperatures as high as 150 K Electrical conductance through metals is called metallic or electronic
conductance and is due to the movement of electrons The electronic
conductance depends on
(i) the nature and structure of the metal
(ii) the number of valence electrons per atom
(iii) temperature (it decreases with increase of temperature) |
1 | 2127-2130 | Earlier, only metals and their alloys at very low temperatures
(0 to 15 K) were known to behave as superconductors, but nowadays a
number of ceramic materials and mixed oxides are also known to show
superconductivity at temperatures as high as 150 K Electrical conductance through metals is called metallic or electronic
conductance and is due to the movement of electrons The electronic
conductance depends on
(i) the nature and structure of the metal
(ii) the number of valence electrons per atom
(iii) temperature (it decreases with increase of temperature) Table 2 |
1 | 2128-2131 | Electrical conductance through metals is called metallic or electronic
conductance and is due to the movement of electrons The electronic
conductance depends on
(i) the nature and structure of the metal
(ii) the number of valence electrons per atom
(iii) temperature (it decreases with increase of temperature) Table 2 2: The values of Conductivity of some Selected
Materials at 298 |
1 | 2129-2132 | The electronic
conductance depends on
(i) the nature and structure of the metal
(ii) the number of valence electrons per atom
(iii) temperature (it decreases with increase of temperature) Table 2 2: The values of Conductivity of some Selected
Materials at 298 15 K
Material
Conductivity/
Material
Conductivity/
S mโ1
S mโ1
Conductors
Aqueous Solutions
Sodium
2 |
1 | 2130-2133 | Table 2 2: The values of Conductivity of some Selected
Materials at 298 15 K
Material
Conductivity/
Material
Conductivity/
S mโ1
S mโ1
Conductors
Aqueous Solutions
Sodium
2 1ร103
Pure water
3 |
1 | 2131-2134 | 2: The values of Conductivity of some Selected
Materials at 298 15 K
Material
Conductivity/
Material
Conductivity/
S mโ1
S mโ1
Conductors
Aqueous Solutions
Sodium
2 1ร103
Pure water
3 5ร10โ5
Copper
5 |
1 | 2132-2135 | 15 K
Material
Conductivity/
Material
Conductivity/
S mโ1
S mโ1
Conductors
Aqueous Solutions
Sodium
2 1ร103
Pure water
3 5ร10โ5
Copper
5 9ร103
0 |
1 | 2133-2136 | 1ร103
Pure water
3 5ร10โ5
Copper
5 9ร103
0 1 M HCl
3 |
1 | 2134-2137 | 5ร10โ5
Copper
5 9ร103
0 1 M HCl
3 91
Silver
6 |
1 | 2135-2138 | 9ร103
0 1 M HCl
3 91
Silver
6 2ร103
0 |
1 | 2136-2139 | 1 M HCl
3 91
Silver
6 2ร103
0 01M KCl
0 |
1 | 2137-2140 | 91
Silver
6 2ร103
0 01M KCl
0 14
Gold
4 |
1 | 2138-2141 | 2ร103
0 01M KCl
0 14
Gold
4 5ร103
0 |
1 | 2139-2142 | 01M KCl
0 14
Gold
4 5ร103
0 01M NaCl
0 |
1 | 2140-2143 | 14
Gold
4 5ร103
0 01M NaCl
0 12
Iron
1 |
1 | 2141-2144 | 5ร103
0 01M NaCl
0 12
Iron
1 0ร103
0 |
1 | 2142-2145 | 01M NaCl
0 12
Iron
1 0ร103
0 1 M HAc
0 |
1 | 2143-2146 | 12
Iron
1 0ร103
0 1 M HAc
0 047
Graphite
1 |
1 | 2144-2147 | 0ร103
0 1 M HAc
0 047
Graphite
1 2ร10
0 |
1 | 2145-2148 | 1 M HAc
0 047
Graphite
1 2ร10
0 01M HAc
0 |
1 | 2146-2149 | 047
Graphite
1 2ร10
0 01M HAc
0 016
Insulators
Semiconductors
Glass
1 |
1 | 2147-2150 | 2ร10
0 01M HAc
0 016
Insulators
Semiconductors
Glass
1 0ร10โ16
CuO
1ร10โ7
Teflon
1 |
1 | 2148-2151 | 01M HAc
0 016
Insulators
Semiconductors
Glass
1 0ร10โ16
CuO
1ร10โ7
Teflon
1 0ร10โ18
Si
1 |
1 | 2149-2152 | 016
Insulators
Semiconductors
Glass
1 0ร10โ16
CuO
1ร10โ7
Teflon
1 0ร10โ18
Si
1 5ร10โ2
Ge
2 |
1 | 2150-2153 | 0ร10โ16
CuO
1ร10โ7
Teflon
1 0ร10โ18
Si
1 5ร10โ2
Ge
2 0
Rationalised 2023-24
43
Electrochemistry
As the electrons enter at one end and go out through the other end,
the composition of the metallic conductor remains unchanged |
1 | 2151-2154 | 0ร10โ18
Si
1 5ร10โ2
Ge
2 0
Rationalised 2023-24
43
Electrochemistry
As the electrons enter at one end and go out through the other end,
the composition of the metallic conductor remains unchanged The
mechanism of conductance through semiconductors is more complex |
1 | 2152-2155 | 5ร10โ2
Ge
2 0
Rationalised 2023-24
43
Electrochemistry
As the electrons enter at one end and go out through the other end,
the composition of the metallic conductor remains unchanged The
mechanism of conductance through semiconductors is more complex We already know that even very pure water has small amounts of
hydrogen and hydroxyl ions (~10โ7M) which lend it very low conductivity
(3 |
1 | 2153-2156 | 0
Rationalised 2023-24
43
Electrochemistry
As the electrons enter at one end and go out through the other end,
the composition of the metallic conductor remains unchanged The
mechanism of conductance through semiconductors is more complex We already know that even very pure water has small amounts of
hydrogen and hydroxyl ions (~10โ7M) which lend it very low conductivity
(3 5 ร 10โ5 S mโ1) |
1 | 2154-2157 | The
mechanism of conductance through semiconductors is more complex We already know that even very pure water has small amounts of
hydrogen and hydroxyl ions (~10โ7M) which lend it very low conductivity
(3 5 ร 10โ5 S mโ1) When electrolytes are dissolved in water, they furnish
their own ions in the solution hence its conductivity also increases |
1 | 2155-2158 | We already know that even very pure water has small amounts of
hydrogen and hydroxyl ions (~10โ7M) which lend it very low conductivity
(3 5 ร 10โ5 S mโ1) When electrolytes are dissolved in water, they furnish
their own ions in the solution hence its conductivity also increases The
conductance of electricity by ions present in the solutions is called
electrolytic or ionic conductance |
1 | 2156-2159 | 5 ร 10โ5 S mโ1) When electrolytes are dissolved in water, they furnish
their own ions in the solution hence its conductivity also increases The
conductance of electricity by ions present in the solutions is called
electrolytic or ionic conductance The conductivity of electrolytic (ionic)
solutions depends on:
(i) the nature of the electrolyte added
(ii) size of the ions produced and their solvation
(iii) the nature of the solvent and its viscosity
(iv) concentration of the electrolyte
(v) temperature (it increases with the increase of temperature) |
1 | 2157-2160 | When electrolytes are dissolved in water, they furnish
their own ions in the solution hence its conductivity also increases The
conductance of electricity by ions present in the solutions is called
electrolytic or ionic conductance The conductivity of electrolytic (ionic)
solutions depends on:
(i) the nature of the electrolyte added
(ii) size of the ions produced and their solvation
(iii) the nature of the solvent and its viscosity
(iv) concentration of the electrolyte
(v) temperature (it increases with the increase of temperature) Passage of direct current through ionic solution over a prolonged
period can lead to change in its composition due to electrochemical
reactions (Section 2 |
1 | 2158-2161 | The
conductance of electricity by ions present in the solutions is called
electrolytic or ionic conductance The conductivity of electrolytic (ionic)
solutions depends on:
(i) the nature of the electrolyte added
(ii) size of the ions produced and their solvation
(iii) the nature of the solvent and its viscosity
(iv) concentration of the electrolyte
(v) temperature (it increases with the increase of temperature) Passage of direct current through ionic solution over a prolonged
period can lead to change in its composition due to electrochemical
reactions (Section 2 4 |
1 | 2159-2162 | The conductivity of electrolytic (ionic)
solutions depends on:
(i) the nature of the electrolyte added
(ii) size of the ions produced and their solvation
(iii) the nature of the solvent and its viscosity
(iv) concentration of the electrolyte
(v) temperature (it increases with the increase of temperature) Passage of direct current through ionic solution over a prolonged
period can lead to change in its composition due to electrochemical
reactions (Section 2 4 1) |
1 | 2160-2163 | Passage of direct current through ionic solution over a prolonged
period can lead to change in its composition due to electrochemical
reactions (Section 2 4 1) We know that accurate measurement of an unknown resistance can be
performed on a Wheatstone bridge |
1 | 2161-2164 | 4 1) We know that accurate measurement of an unknown resistance can be
performed on a Wheatstone bridge However, for measuring the resistance
of an ionic solution we face two problems |
1 | 2162-2165 | 1) We know that accurate measurement of an unknown resistance can be
performed on a Wheatstone bridge However, for measuring the resistance
of an ionic solution we face two problems Firstly, passing direct current
(DC) changes the composition of the solution |
1 | 2163-2166 | We know that accurate measurement of an unknown resistance can be
performed on a Wheatstone bridge However, for measuring the resistance
of an ionic solution we face two problems Firstly, passing direct current
(DC) changes the composition of the solution Secondly, a solution cannot
be connected to the bridge like a metallic wire or other solid conductor |
1 | 2164-2167 | However, for measuring the resistance
of an ionic solution we face two problems Firstly, passing direct current
(DC) changes the composition of the solution Secondly, a solution cannot
be connected to the bridge like a metallic wire or other solid conductor The first difficulty is resolved by using an alternating current (AC) source
of power |
1 | 2165-2168 | Firstly, passing direct current
(DC) changes the composition of the solution Secondly, a solution cannot
be connected to the bridge like a metallic wire or other solid conductor The first difficulty is resolved by using an alternating current (AC) source
of power The second problem is solved by using a specially designed
vessel called conductivity cell |
1 | 2166-2169 | Secondly, a solution cannot
be connected to the bridge like a metallic wire or other solid conductor The first difficulty is resolved by using an alternating current (AC) source
of power The second problem is solved by using a specially designed
vessel called conductivity cell It is available in several designs and two
simple ones are shown in Fig |
1 | 2167-2170 | The first difficulty is resolved by using an alternating current (AC) source
of power The second problem is solved by using a specially designed
vessel called conductivity cell It is available in several designs and two
simple ones are shown in Fig 2 |
1 | 2168-2171 | The second problem is solved by using a specially designed
vessel called conductivity cell It is available in several designs and two
simple ones are shown in Fig 2 4 |
1 | 2169-2172 | It is available in several designs and two
simple ones are shown in Fig 2 4 2 |
1 | 2170-2173 | 2 4 2 4 |
1 | 2171-2174 | 4 2 4 1 Measurement
of the
Conductivity
of Ionic
Solutions
Connecting
wires
Platinized Pt
electrodes
Platinized Pt electrode
Platinized Pt electrode
Connecting
wires
Fig |
1 | 2172-2175 | 2 4 1 Measurement
of the
Conductivity
of Ionic
Solutions
Connecting
wires
Platinized Pt
electrodes
Platinized Pt electrode
Platinized Pt electrode
Connecting
wires
Fig 2 |
1 | 2173-2176 | 4 1 Measurement
of the
Conductivity
of Ionic
Solutions
Connecting
wires
Platinized Pt
electrodes
Platinized Pt electrode
Platinized Pt electrode
Connecting
wires
Fig 2 4
Two different types of
conductivity cells |
1 | 2174-2177 | 1 Measurement
of the
Conductivity
of Ionic
Solutions
Connecting
wires
Platinized Pt
electrodes
Platinized Pt electrode
Platinized Pt electrode
Connecting
wires
Fig 2 4
Two different types of
conductivity cells Basically it consists of two platinum electrodes coated with platinum
black (finely divided metallic Pt is deposited on the electrodes
electrochemically) |
1 | 2175-2178 | 2 4
Two different types of
conductivity cells Basically it consists of two platinum electrodes coated with platinum
black (finely divided metallic Pt is deposited on the electrodes
electrochemically) These have area of cross section equal to โAโ and are
separated by distance โlโ |
1 | 2176-2179 | 4
Two different types of
conductivity cells Basically it consists of two platinum electrodes coated with platinum
black (finely divided metallic Pt is deposited on the electrodes
electrochemically) These have area of cross section equal to โAโ and are
separated by distance โlโ Therefore, solution confined between these
electrodes is a column of length l and area of cross section A |
1 | 2177-2180 | Basically it consists of two platinum electrodes coated with platinum
black (finely divided metallic Pt is deposited on the electrodes
electrochemically) These have area of cross section equal to โAโ and are
separated by distance โlโ Therefore, solution confined between these
electrodes is a column of length l and area of cross section A The
resistance of such a column of solution is then given by the equation:
R = r l
A = ๏ซ
l
A
(2 |
1 | 2178-2181 | These have area of cross section equal to โAโ and are
separated by distance โlโ Therefore, solution confined between these
electrodes is a column of length l and area of cross section A The
resistance of such a column of solution is then given by the equation:
R = r l
A = ๏ซ
l
A
(2 17)
Rationalised 2023-24
44
Chemistry
Table 2 |
1 | 2179-2182 | Therefore, solution confined between these
electrodes is a column of length l and area of cross section A The
resistance of such a column of solution is then given by the equation:
R = r l
A = ๏ซ
l
A
(2 17)
Rationalised 2023-24
44
Chemistry
Table 2 3: Conductivity and Molar conductivity of KCl solutions
at 298 |
1 | 2180-2183 | The
resistance of such a column of solution is then given by the equation:
R = r l
A = ๏ซ
l
A
(2 17)
Rationalised 2023-24
44
Chemistry
Table 2 3: Conductivity and Molar conductivity of KCl solutions
at 298 15K
mol Lโ1
mol mโ3
S cmโ1
S mโ1
S cm2molโ1
S m2 molโ1
1 |
1 | 2181-2184 | 17)
Rationalised 2023-24
44
Chemistry
Table 2 3: Conductivity and Molar conductivity of KCl solutions
at 298 15K
mol Lโ1
mol mโ3
S cmโ1
S mโ1
S cm2molโ1
S m2 molโ1
1 000
1000
0 |
1 | 2182-2185 | 3: Conductivity and Molar conductivity of KCl solutions
at 298 15K
mol Lโ1
mol mโ3
S cmโ1
S mโ1
S cm2molโ1
S m2 molโ1
1 000
1000
0 1113
11 |
1 | 2183-2186 | 15K
mol Lโ1
mol mโ3
S cmโ1
S mโ1
S cm2molโ1
S m2 molโ1
1 000
1000
0 1113
11 13
111 |
1 | 2184-2187 | 000
1000
0 1113
11 13
111 3
111 |
1 | 2185-2188 | 1113
11 13
111 3
111 3ร10โ4
0 |
1 | 2186-2189 | 13
111 3
111 3ร10โ4
0 100
100 |
1 | 2187-2190 | 3
111 3ร10โ4
0 100
100 0
0 |
1 | 2188-2191 | 3ร10โ4
0 100
100 0
0 0129
1 |
1 | 2189-2192 | 100
100 0
0 0129
1 29
129 |
1 | 2190-2193 | 0
0 0129
1 29
129 0
129 |
1 | 2191-2194 | 0129
1 29
129 0
129 0ร10โ4
0 |
1 | 2192-2195 | 29
129 0
129 0ร10โ4
0 010
10 |
1 | 2193-2196 | 0
129 0ร10โ4
0 010
10 00
0 |
1 | 2194-2197 | 0ร10โ4
0 010
10 00
0 00141
0 |
1 | 2195-2198 | 010
10 00
0 00141
0 141
141 |
1 | 2196-2199 | 00
0 00141
0 141
141 0
141 |
1 | 2197-2200 | 00141
0 141
141 0
141 0ร10โ4
Concentration/Molarity
Conductivity
Molar Conductivity
The quantity l/A is called cell constant denoted by the symbol, G* |
1 | 2198-2201 | 141
141 0
141 0ร10โ4
Concentration/Molarity
Conductivity
Molar Conductivity
The quantity l/A is called cell constant denoted by the symbol, G* It depends on the distance between the electrodes and their area of
cross-section and has the dimension of lengthโ1 and can be calculated
if we know l and A |
1 | 2199-2202 | 0
141 0ร10โ4
Concentration/Molarity
Conductivity
Molar Conductivity
The quantity l/A is called cell constant denoted by the symbol, G* It depends on the distance between the electrodes and their area of
cross-section and has the dimension of lengthโ1 and can be calculated
if we know l and A Measurement of l and A is not only inconvenient
but also unreliable |
1 | 2200-2203 | 0ร10โ4
Concentration/Molarity
Conductivity
Molar Conductivity
The quantity l/A is called cell constant denoted by the symbol, G* It depends on the distance between the electrodes and their area of
cross-section and has the dimension of lengthโ1 and can be calculated
if we know l and A Measurement of l and A is not only inconvenient
but also unreliable The cell constant is usually determined by measuring
the resistance of the cell containing a solution whose conductivity is
already known |
1 | 2201-2204 | It depends on the distance between the electrodes and their area of
cross-section and has the dimension of lengthโ1 and can be calculated
if we know l and A Measurement of l and A is not only inconvenient
but also unreliable The cell constant is usually determined by measuring
the resistance of the cell containing a solution whose conductivity is
already known For this purpose, we generally use KCl solutions whose
conductivity is known accurately at various concentrations (Table 2 |
1 | 2202-2205 | Measurement of l and A is not only inconvenient
but also unreliable The cell constant is usually determined by measuring
the resistance of the cell containing a solution whose conductivity is
already known For this purpose, we generally use KCl solutions whose
conductivity is known accurately at various concentrations (Table 2 3)
and at different temperatures |
1 | 2203-2206 | The cell constant is usually determined by measuring
the resistance of the cell containing a solution whose conductivity is
already known For this purpose, we generally use KCl solutions whose
conductivity is known accurately at various concentrations (Table 2 3)
and at different temperatures The cell constant, G*, is then given by
the equation:
G* = l
A = R k
(2 |
1 | 2204-2207 | For this purpose, we generally use KCl solutions whose
conductivity is known accurately at various concentrations (Table 2 3)
and at different temperatures The cell constant, G*, is then given by
the equation:
G* = l
A = R k
(2 18)
Once the cell constant is determined, we can
use it for measuring the resistance or conductivity
of any solution |
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