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The newest cookbook from De Laurentiis (after Giadas Kitchen: New Italian Favorites) straddles two continents with wonderful recipes from Italy and California. Chapters of this friendly and inviting book are titled by course, such as Appetizers and Desserts, as well as by ingredient and occasion (e.g., brunch). The author includes straightforward instructions for classic Italian fare, such as steak involtini; Chianti-marinated stew; pecorino and bean salad; and limoncello granita, as well as a selection of such modern dishes as grilled asparagus and melon salad; pea pesto crostini, and lemon hazelnut tiramisù. Chock-full of mouthwatering dishes for easy entertaining (Italian fried olives; whole wheat pita chips with mascarpone-chive dip; and vegetable parmesan), this appealing collection is supplemented with informative, short essays on ingredients including olive oil and dried and fresh herbs. | Mid | [
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A world of wall-builders would be poorer and more dangerous - hypertexthero http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21702750-farewell-left-versus-right-contest-matters-now-open-against-closed-new ====== coldtea Says the Economist, which is known to always root for the "little people". | Low | [
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--- title: 'RECOGNITION OF MULTIPLE FOOD ITEMS IN A SINGLE PHOTO FOR USE IN A BUFFET-STYLE RESTAURANT' --- We investigate image recognition of multiple food items in a single photo, focusing on a buffet restaurant application, where menu changes at every meal, and only a few images per class are available. After detecting food areas, we perform hierarchical recognition. We evaluate our results, comparing to two baseline methods. image recognition, food recognition, food recording tool Introduction {#sec:intro} ============ Nutrition management is very important in the health care industry [@Kim2016]. Nutritional intake is generally gauged via food records to help prevent lifestyle diseases (e.g., obesity and diabetes). A nutritionist, for example, promotes an individual’s health by providing specific advice based on the person’s lifestyle information. Manually recording food intake is, however, a burden over the long term. In this paper, we focus on the application in a buffet-style restaurant. We investigate food recognition of multiple food items in a single photo, and we integrate food localization and hierarchical recognition. An example of recognition of a photo with its multiple food items is shown in Fig. \[img:concept\]. In a standard image recognition task, detectors are generally used with classifiers trained by large quantities of fixed-class datasets. It is difficult, however, to apply conventional strategies to a buffet-style restaurant. First, the menu changes every meal, and only one or a few template images per dish are available. Then, the amount of data is insufficient to fine-tune food classifiers. Second, buffet users freely take dishes on a tray, and some foods, such as vegetables, are mixed in a single dish. This paper first localizes dishes and performs hierarchical recognition, during which, food is first recognized as a single class. Then, specific food classes are selected and detailed for localization and recognition. We obtain food images for our experiments from the Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS). We evaluate accuracy results per tray and the error of the amounts of nutritional value. Our contributions are summarized below. - We create a processing pipeline consisting of food-region detection and recognition of multiple food items in a single photo, focusing on buffet use, where most food items change at every meal. The buffet restaurant data consists of one or a few close-up pictures of each food item. - We propose a hierarchical fine-grained recognition for specific categories of dishes, such as salads, to detect multiple items mixed on a plate. - We collect photos from a real buffet restaurant over 10 days. Compared to baseline methods, which rely on single-class and multi-class recognition, the proposed method significantly improves performance. - We evaluate the recognition performance from the perspective of nutritional values (e.g., energy, protein, lipid, and carbohydrates) and verify that the error is significantly reduced by our method, compared to the baselines. ![An example of the result of the food recognition[]{data-label="img:concept"}](concept.jpg){width="48.00000%"} {width="95.00000%"} Related Work ============ Food-image recognition using a fixed-class dataset has been very well studied [@Chen2009; @Matsuda2012; @Kawano2014; @Bossard2014; @kagaya2014; @Bolanos2016; @Martinel2016; @He2016]. Many studies trained food classifiers in a convolutional neural network using a fixed-class large food image dataset. Martinel et al. [@Martinel2016] used a Wide-Slice ResNet and achieved 89.6% for a 100-class dataset. Food image recognition accuracy in experimental environments is sufficiently high. However, it is not suitably high enough for our task, because the buffet restaurant menu changes at every meal, and only one or a few template images per dish are available. Food image recognition using personal diet history has also been studied [@Aizawa2013; @Aizawa2015]. Aizawa et al.[@Aizawa2015] proposed a food retrieval system that searched input foods from the individual diet history using the nearest-neighbor (NN) search of image-feature vectors. Horiguchi et al. [@Horiguchi2018] investigated personalized food recognition using weighted NN recognition of common and personal food items. Yu et al. [@Yu2018] further extended personalized classifiers with weights optimized for food items and temporal changes. Whereas we do not consider the individuality of users in this paper, the NN classifier-based methodology, using a small number of templates, is similar. Food recognition almost always uses datasets, but each photo contains only a single food item. For easier use of food recognition in daily life, it is desirable to recognize multiple food items in a single photo, where both food-region detection and food-item recognition can be applied. The applicability of food-image recognition to restaurants has been well-studied [@Bettadapura2015] [@Beijbom2015] [@Herranz2017] [@Meyers2015]. These methods used location information, such as Global Positioning System, to identify a target restaurant from a list of multiple restaurants. Then, they used food classifiers corresponding to the target restaurant. Consequently, their conditions were different from those of our task. ![Examples of JISS-22 template images. The top is taken from a diagonal perspective and the other two are taken from directly above. Three photos exist for each food item.[]{data-label="img:template"}](template_image.jpg){width="48.00000%"} Category Classes (food items) --------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- Staple food Beef bowl, Cold udon, Rice ball, Carbonara Rice and toppings Rice, Salted plum, Chili oil, Kelp tsukudani Main dish Scrambled egg, Chicken Yawata roll Mackerel of mirin marinated grilled Side Dish Seasoned komatsuna, Boiled chiken, Oyaki Salad Cabbage, Lettuce, Tomato, Broccoli, Paprika Shredded radish, Macaroni salad, Edamame Seaweed konjak salad Soup stock Miso soup, Chinese corn soup Fruits Pine, Pink grapefruit Dessert Green tea roll cake, Salt lemon mousse cake Others Coffee, Iced coffee, Barley tea, Green tea, Processed soy milk, Natto, Egg, 6P cheese, Milk Low-fat milk, Plain yogurt, Honey, Grapefruit juice Orange juice, Tofu, Packaged furikake : A list of food items for one meal used in our experiments. Food items except “others” change at every meal. We exclude seasonings and dressings (e.g., vinegar, sesame oil), because they are not well-visible. \[meal\_example\] Dataset {#sec:athlete_dataset} ======= In this paper, we use two datasets: JISS for experiments and FoodLog App for training the detector and classifier. JISS Dataset {#sub:athlete_dataset_jiss} ------------ We use real data obtained from the restaurant in JISS[^1]. We refer to this dataset as JISS-22. It shows 22 meal-data provided from August 1st through 10th, 2017 (i.e., 8 breakfasts, 7 lunches, and 7 dinners). About 50 items (dishes and foods) are provided at each meal. Most of items change at every meal. A list of dishes for one meal is shown in Table \[meal\_example\]. An item’s name is a class ($y$) to be recognized. A category is a set of related classes (e.g., salad category ($c$)) that contain classes of lettuce, tomato, etc. Each food item is associated with nutritional information, and nutrition taken by an individual per meal is computable by estimating its classes. In this paper, we use energy and three major nutrients (e.g., protein, lipids, carbohydrates). Three template images for each class are available. Examples of template images are shown in Fig. \[img:template\]. A user places various dishes on a tray from approximately 50 available items, and multiple dishes appear in each test image. Additionally, a salad dish often contains multiple classes, such as lettuce and tomato. The number of total test images is 195. Examples of JISS-22 test images are shown in Fig. \[img:concept\], where multiple dishes are placed on a tray. JISS-22 only has annotations of food items for each photo and does not have bounding boxes of dishes. The average number of food items per photo is 11.0 and the standard deviation is 2.3. The frequency of the number of food items per photo of JISS-22 is shown in Fig. \[JISS22-freq\]. The number of food items does not equal to the number of dish plates because multiple food items are mixed in one plate such as salad. ![Frequency of number of food items per photo of JISS-22.[]{data-label="JISS22-freq"}](histogram-JISS22.jpg){width="48.00000%"} Additionally, we use a different set of photos of the JISS buffet restaurant data taken during non-overlapping period of time to fine-tune the dish area detector (i.e., JISS-DET). JISS-DET consists of 304 images with bounding box annotations of dish areas. The average number of bounding boxes of dish areas is 6.7 and its standard deviation is 1.41. The frequency of number of bounding boxes per image of JISS-DET is shown in Fig. \[JISS-DET-freq\]. ![Frequency of number of dish bounding boxes per photo of JISS-DET. []{data-label="JISS-DET-freq"}](histogram-JISS-DET.jpg){width="48.00000%"} FoodLog Dataset {#sub:athlete_dataset_fl} --------------- The JISS dataset is not large enough to train the detectors and classifiers. Therefore, we use the FoodLog Dataset (FLD), built with FoodLog App [@Aizawa2015] for training. We use data consisting of 450,066 images with rectangular annotation to train the dish area detector (i.e., FLD-DET). We also use FLD-469, consisting of 234,500 images from FLD, representing 469 classes, each having 500 images for the classifier training. All images are resized to 256 x 256. We train the network with 469 classes, and we use deep features obtained from the last pooling layer. Proposed Method =============== We propose a framework of automatic food recognition for multiple food items in a single photo. We first localize dishes. Then, we perform hierarchical recognition, during which, food is recognized as a single class. Then, specific food classes are selected, and further detailed localization and recognition are performed. The entire processing pipeline is shown in Fig. \[img:athlete\_hierarchical\_flow\]. Because the menu changes at every meal, the template images are updated at each meal. Instead of training classifiers for every meal, we use deep features and apply NN searches on the template and target features. We take deep features, $x_{i}$, from the output of the last average pooling layer of ResNet 50, to which we apply L2-normalization. The NN of deep features works well for classification tasks when enough data is used for training the network [@Horiguchi2018; @Horiguchi2017]. The template images, $V_{m}$, are denoted by $$\label{eq:athlete_v} V_{m}=\{(x_{i}, y_{i})|1 \leq i \leq N_{m}\},$$ where $y_ {i}$ and $x_{i}$ represent the class and feature vectors, respectively. $N_{m}$ is the total number of template images contained in the meal. As shown in Fig. \[img:athlete\_hierarchical\_flow\], we input the test image and obtain dish-area candidates, $B_{i}(1\leq i \leq N_{B})$, by the dish area detector, where $N_{B}$ is the total number of dish-area candidates. Then, we extract deep features, $x_{Bi}$, for $ B_{i}$. The class, $y_{B_{i}}^{\ast}$, is estimated by the NN search, denoted by $$\label{eq:athlete_ybi} y_{B_{i}}^{\ast} = \operatorname*{arg\,max}_{y \in Y} \{s(y, x_{B_{i}}, V_{m}) \},$$ where $Y$ is a set of classes included in $V_ {m}$. The similarity, $s(\cdot)$, an inner product, is denoted by $$\label{eq:athlete_s} s(y, x_{B_{i}}, V_{m}) = \underset{x \in V_{y}}{\max} x^{T}x_{B_{i}},$$ where $V_ {y}$ represents vectors of the class, $y$. In our case, $V_ {y}$ contains at most three template vectors for each class, $y$. The NN-based classification of features works for the condition of a small number of template images. We use it for a single-class recognition method. If the dish area contains only one food item, this single-class recognition is satisfactory. However, a food item, such as a vegetable, is almost always accompanied by several others in a salad dish. We choose food items corresponding to specific categories (e.g., “salad”, “fruits”, “rice and toppings”) for the fine-detailed recognition in the dish area. Example of the three categories are shown in Table \[meal\_example\]. When the result of the single class recognition is in these specific categories - e.g. if the result of the single class recognition of a region is tomato, which is in salad category, the region is performed fine-grained recognition. Regions classified to food items included the three categories are further analyzed by fine-grained recognition. The fine-detailed recognition is performed as follows. We generate object candidates, $B_ {i, j}$, within the area of $ B_ {i}$. In the experiments, we simply apply a sliding window to produce candidates. Then, we perform single-class recognition on each object candidate region, $B_ {i, j}$, and estimate the class, $y_{B_{i,j}} ^ {\ast}$. The estimation, $Y_{B_{i,j}} ^ {\ast}$, is accepted if the category of the class is the same as that of $B_ {i}$. $$\label{eq:athlete_Ybi_detail} Y_{B_{i}}^{\ast} = \{y_{B_{i,j}}^{\ast} \operatorname*{only\,if}c_{B_{i,j}}^{\ast} = c_{B_{i}}^{\ast},1 \leq j \leq N_{B'} \}.$$ In other words, in fine-grained recognition, we exclude classes whose categories are different from that estimated in the single-class recognition. ----------------------- --------------- -------------- ------------------ Single-class Multi-class **Hierarchical** recognition recognition **recognition** Precision **0.881** 0.741 0.821 Recall 0.591 0.722 **0.755** F-measure 0.708 0.731 **0.787** MAE Energy (kcal) 106 (13.8%) 152 (20.2%) **74 (9.4%)** MAE Protein (g) 4.93 (11. 9%) 8.76 (21.0%) **4.04 (9.6%)** MAE Lipid (g) 4.27 (16.3%) 6.77 (24.8%) **3.72 (14.3%)** MAE Carbonhydrate (g) 14.0 (16.2%) 18.1 (22.6%) **8.98 (9.9%)** ----------------------- --------------- -------------- ------------------ : The results of food image recognition and nutrient estimation for JISS-22. \[tab:athlete\_result\] Experiment {#sec:athlete_exp} ========== Implementation and Evaluation Metric {#sub:athlete_expe_eval} ------------------------------------ Regarding dish-area detection, we utilized SSD300[@Liu2016], trained using FLD-DET and fine-tuned with JISS-DET. Regarding feature extraction, we utilized pre-trained ResNet50 [@ResNet], which we fine-tuned with FLD-469. To evaluate of the proposed method, we compared ours with two other baseline methods. One used single-class recognition, which is equivalent to the estimations of the first step of hierarchical recognition. The other was multi-class recognition, for which we calculated the similarity of classes in a dish area and estimated multiple classes by thresholding their similarity. The dish area detection method (i.e., SSD300) was the same for the proposal and the comparison methods. Test data was JISS-22. For multi-class recognition, JISS-22 was divided into 1/3 and 2/3. We used 1/3 for optimization of threshold and 2/3 for testing. We experimented with cross validation. The metrics used for evaluation were precision, recall, and F-measure of recognition and the mean absolute error (MAE) of nutritional information. All the buffet dishes have their nutrition information. Assuming the amount of the dish is one serving size and summing all the dishes on a tray, we computed the total nutrition of the tray. We compared energy (kcal) between those of the recognized dishes and GT dishes. It shows influence of recognition accuracy from the point of view of energy (kcal) without considering variation of the amount. It may change when the serving size is changed - some of food items such as rise are self-served, and the real value can change. ![Distribution of GT values and estimated values of energy (kcal) in hierarchical recognition (sliding window).[]{data-label="img:athlete_calorie"}](calorie.jpg){width="45.00000%"} ![Examples of results by hierarchical recognition. Blue letters with check marks correspond to correct answers, and red letters with star marks correspond to incorrect answers. Black letters with parentheses are missing. The rectangles is the region of detailed recognition. []{data-label="img:athlete_hierarchical_example"}](examples-v3.jpg){width="48.00000%"} Result {#sub:athlete_expe_result} ------ Table \[tab:athlete\_result\] shows the results of food-image recognition and nutrient estimation for JISS-22. Experimental results show that our approach achieved 0.79 as an F-measure and 74 kcal (9.4%) error in energy: significantly better than baseline methods without the hierarchical scheme. Figure \[img:athlete\_calorie\] shows the distribution of GT values and the estimated values of energy (kcal) via hierarchical recognition. The correlation coefficient between the GT values and the estimated values was 0.92, which is sufficiently high. Finally, we show the examples of results by hierarchical recognition in Fig. \[img:athlete\_hierarchical\_example\]. In Example 1, we see that multiple classes within the “salad” category on one dish were correctly estimated except “tomato” which is not very visible . We can see similar results with “fruit.”Example 2 shows a failure case, where detailed recognition of the salad dish did not work, because vegetable was not estimated by single-class recognition. Conclusion ========== In this paper, we proposed a framework of automatic food recognition, with a focus on a buffet-style restaurant. In our processing pipeline, we first localized dishes and performed hierarchical recognition, during which, food was recognized as a single class. Then, specific food classes were selected and further detailed. Additionally, localization and recognition were performed. We obtained food images from the JISS dataset for our experiments. We evaluated accuracy results per tray and the error in the amount of nutritional value. Experimental results using real data showed that our approach can achieve 0.79 in F-measure and 9.4% error in energy, significantly better than the baseline methods without the hierarchical scheme. ### ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} This work was partially supported by JST CREST JPMJCR1686 and JSPS KAKENHI 18H03254. [1]{} Y. Kim, S. Ji, H. Lee, J.W. Kim, S. Yoo, and J. Lee, “My doctor is keeping an eye on me!: Exploring the clinical applicability of a mobile food logger,” ACM CHI2016, pp.5620-5631. M. Chen, K. Dhingra, W. Wu, L. Yang, R. Sukthankar, and J. Yang, “Pfid: Pittsburgh fast-food image dataset,” IEEE ICIP2009, pp.289-292. Y. Matsuda, H. Hoashi, and K. Yanai, “Recognition of multiple-food images by detecting candidate regions,” IEEE ICME2012, pp.25–30. Y. Kawano and K. Yanai, “Automatic expansion of a food image dataset leveraging existing categories with domain adaptation,” ECCV2014 Workshop, pp.3-17. L. Bossard, M. Guillaumin, and L. Van Gool, “Food-101–mining discriminative components with random forests,” ECCV2014, pp.446-461. H. Kagaya, K. Aizawa, and M. Ogawa, “Food detection and recognition using convolutional neural network,” ACM Multimedia2014, pp.1085-1088. M. Bolanos and P. Radeva, “Simultaneous food localization and recognition,” ICPR2016, pp.3140-3145. N. Martinel, G.L. Foresti, and C. Micheloni, “Wide-slice residual networks for food recognition,” arXiv:1612.06543, 2016. H. He, F. Kong, and J. Tan, “Dietcam: Multiview food recognition using a multikernel svm,” IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol.20, no.3, pp.848-855, 2016. K. Aizawa, H. Maruyama, Li, and C. Morikawa, “Food balance estimation by using personal dietary tendencies in a multimedia food log,” IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol.15, no.8, pp.2176-2185, 2013. K. Aizawa and M. Ogawa, “Foodlog: Multimedia tool for healthcare applications,” IEEE MultiMedia, vol.22, no.2, pp.4-8, 2015. S. Horiguchi, S. Amano, M. Ogawa, and K. Aizawa, “Personalized classifier for food image recognition,” IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol.20, no.10, pp.2836-2848, 2018. Q. Yu, M. Anzawa, M. Ogawa, and K. Aizawa, “Food image recognition by personalized classifiers,” IEEE ICIP2018, pp.171–175. V. Bettadapura, E. Thomaz, A. Parnami, G.D. Abowd, and I. Essa, “Leveraging context to support automated food recognition in restaurants,” IEEE WACV2015, pp.580–587. O. Beijbom, N. Joshi, D. Morris, S. Saponas, and S. Khullar, “Menu-match: Restaurant-specific food logging from images,” IEEE WACV2015, pp.844-851. L. Herranz, S. Jiang, and R. Xu, “Modeling restaurant context for food recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol.19, no.2, pp.430-440, 2017. A. Meyers, N. Johnston, V. Rathod, A. Korattikara, A. Gorban, N. Silberman, S. Guadarrama, G. Papandreou, J. Huang, and K.P. Murphy, “Im2calories: towards an automated mobile vision food diary,” ICCV2015, pp.1233-1241. S. Horiguchi, D. Ikami, and K. Aizawa, “Significance of softmax-based features in comparison to distance metric learning-based features,” arXiv:1712.10151, 2017. W. Liu, D. Anguelov, D. Erhan, C. Szegedy, S. Reed, C.Y. Fu, and A.C. Berg, “Ssd: Single shot multibox detector,” ECCV2016, pp.21-37. K. He, X. Zhang, S. Ren, and J. Sun, “Deep residual learning for image recognition,” CVPR2016, pp.770-778. [^1]: https://www.jpnsport.go.jp/jiss/ | Mid | [
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JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it. Food Security and Urban Agriculture in Stellenbosch: a Case Study of Policy Failure Jansen van Vuuren, Elzeth (2016-03) Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016. Thesis ENGLISH SUMMARY: The surface of the Earth is dominated by human activity placing pressure on biodiversity and its capacity to ensure a safe and stable environment for human food production. At this stage the Earth is dominated by human industry and agriculture in such a way that, for the first time in history, it has a dramatic impact on food security and biodiversity. Increasing pressure to produce more food and unstainable agricultural methods are placing pressure on the natural resources agriculture depends on. The reason for this conflict is as a result of unsustainable human population growth, lack of appropriate development, inappropriate sustainable policies, planning and greed. Urban Agriculture offers a potential and viable tool to increase food security and biodiversity on a local scale. Urban Agriculture can increase sustainability and urban resilience by addressing complex challenges in a holistic manner. Stellenbosch was selected as a focus area for this case study since the challenges and dynamics are common to other areas in the Western Cape as well in South Africa. This paper motivates for Stellenbosch as a pilot area to determine what form of urban agriculture provides a holistic combination that increases food security and sustainability. This paper identifies key resources available within Stellenbosch to ensure such a projects success. Policies have been critically analysed and local development plans were found to be inadequate and inappropriately focused. Local development plans do not focus on the critical issues, specifically food security, as informed by the Millennium Development Goals Report or the Sustainable Development Goals. These gaps are highlighted within the ambit of this thesis. In this light, Stellenbosch is aiming and working towards a goal of becoming the greenest municipality and the innovation capital of South Africa. The findings in this thesis address the shortcomings and inadequacy of policy or the total lack thereof. The main aim is to analyse a variety of urban agriculture projects identifying similarities in order to formulate a solution to urban food crises and to move towards true sustainable innovation within an urban space. | Mid | [
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--- abstract: 'We consider the Schrödinger operator $H$ with a periodic potential $p$ plus a compactly supported potential $q$ on the half-line. We prove the following results: 1) a forbidden domain for the resonances is specified, 2) asymptotics of the resonance-counting function is determined, 3) in each nondegenerate gap $\g_n$ for $n$ large enough there is exactly an eigenvalue or an antibound state, 4) the asymptotics of eigenvalues and antibound states are determined at high energy, 5) the number of eigenvalues plus antibound states is odd $\ge 1$ in each gap, 6) between any two eigenvalues there is an odd number $\ge 1$ of antibound states, 7) for any potential $q$ and for any sequences $(\s_n)_{1}^\iy, \s_n\in \{0,1\}$ and $(\vk_n)_1^\iy\in \ell^2, \vk_n\ge 0$, there exists a potential $p$ such that each gap length $|\g_n|=\vk_n, n\ge 1$ and $H$ has exactly $\s_n$ eigenvalues and $1-\s_n$ antibound state in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough, 8) if unperturbed operator (at $q=0$) has infinitely many virtual states, then for any sequence $(\s)_1^\iy, \s_n\in \{0,1\}$, there exists a potential $q$ such that $H$ has $\s_n$ bound states and $1-\s_n$ antibound states in each gap open $\g_n$ for $n$ large enough.' address: 'School of Math., Cardiff University. Senghennydd Road, CF24 4AG Cardiff, Wales, UK. email: [email protected]' author: - Evgeny Korotyaev title: 'Schrödinger operator with periodic plus compactly supported potentials on the half-line' --- \[section\] \[theorem\][**Lemma**]{} \[theorem\][**Corollary**]{} \[theorem\][**Proposition**]{} \[theorem\][**Definition**]{} \[theorem\][*Remark*]{} c ł Ł § ¶ ø Ø ß 2[\^[2]{}]{} Introduction and main results ============================= Consider the Schrödinger operator $H$ acting in the Hilbert space $L^2(\R_+ )$ and given by $$\begin{gathered} \lb{0} H=H_0+q,\qqq H_0f=-f''+p(x)f, \qq f(0)=0,\\ p\in L_{real}^1(\R/\Z),\qqq q\in \cQ_t=\{q: \ q\in L_{real}^2(\R_+), \ \sup ( \supp (q))=t\},\ t>0.\end{gathered}$$ The spectrum of $H_0$ consists of an absolutely continuous part $\s_{ac}(H_0)= \cup_{n\ge 1} {\mathfrak{S}}_n$ plus at most one eigenvalue in each gap $\g_n\ne \es, n\ge 1$ ([@CL], [@E], [@Zh3]), where the bands ${\mathfrak{S}}_n$ and gaps $\g_n$ are given by (see Fig. 1) $${\mathfrak{S}}_n=[E^+_{n-1},E^-_n],\ \ \qq \g_{n}=(E^-_{n},E^+_n),\qqq n\ge 1,\qq E_0^+<..\le E^+_{n-1}< E^-_n \le E^+_{n}<...$$ Let below $E_0^+=0$. The sequence $E_0^+<E_1^-\le E_1^+\ <\dots$ is the spectrum of the equation $$\lb{1} -y''+p(x)y=\l y, \ \ \ \ \l\in \C ,$$ with the 2-periodic boundary conditions, i.e. $y(x+2)=y(x), x\in \R$. The bands ${\mathfrak{S}}_n, {\mathfrak{S}}_{n+1}$ are separated by a gap $\g_{n}$ and let $\g_0=(-\iy,E_0^+)$. If a gap degenerates, that is $\g_n=\es $, then the corresponding bands ${\mathfrak{S}}_{n} $ and ${\mathfrak{S}}_{n+1}$ merge. If $E_n^-=E_n^+$ for some $n$, then this number $E_n^{\pm}$ is the double eigenvalue of equation with the 2-periodic boundary conditions. The lowest eigenvalue $E_0^+=0$ is always simple and the corresponding eigenfunction is 1-periodic. The eigenfunctions, corresponding to the eigenvalue $E_{2n}^{\pm}$, are 1-periodic, and for the case $E_{2n+1}^{\pm}$ they are anti-periodic, i.e., $y(x+1)=-y(x),\ \ x\in\R$. We describe properties the operator $\mH y=-f''+(p+q)y$ on the real line, where $p$ is periodic and and $q$ is compactly supported. The spectrum of $\mH$ consists of an absolutely continuous part $\s_{ac}(\mH)=\s_{ac}(H_0)$ plus a finite number of simple eigenvalues in each gap $\g_n\ne \es, n\geq 0$, see [@Rb], [@F1] and at most two eigenvalue [@Rb] in every open gap $\g_n$ for $n$ large enough. If $q_0=\int_\R q(x)dx\ne 0$, then $\mH$ has precisely one eigenvalue (see [@Zh1], [@F2], [@GS]) and one antibound state [@K4] in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough. If $q_0=0$, then roughly speaking there are two eigenvalues and zero antibound state or zero eigenvalues and two antibound states [@K4] in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough. The spectrum of $H$ acting in $L^2(\R_+)$ consists of an absolutely continuous part $\s_{ac}(H)=\s_{ac}(H_0)$ plus a finite number of simple eigenvalues in each gap $\g_n\ne \es, n\geq 0$. Note that the last fact follows from the same result for $\mH$ and the splitting principle. =1.00mm (108.67,33.67) (41.00,17.33)[(1,0)[67.67]{}]{} (44.33,9.00)[(0,1)[24.67]{}]{} (108.33,14.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\Re\l$]{}]{} (41.66,33.67)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\Im\l$]{}]{} (42.00,14.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$0$]{}]{} (44.33,17.33)[(1,0)[11.33]{}]{} (66.66,17.33)[(1,0)[11.67]{}]{} (82.00,17.33)[(1,0)[12.00]{}]{} (95.66,17.33)[(1,0)[11.00]{}]{} (46.66,20.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_0^+$]{}]{} (56.66,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_1^-$]{}]{} (68.66,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_1^+$]{}]{} (78.33,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_2^-$]{}]{} (84.33,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_2^+$]{}]{} (93.00,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_3^-$]{}]{} (98.66,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_3^+$]{}]{} (106.33,20.33)[(0,0)\[cc\][$E_4^-$]{}]{} Let $\vp(x,z), \vt(x,z)$ be the solutions of the equation $-y''+py=z^2y$ satisfying $\vp'(0,z)=\vt(0,z)=1$ and $\vp(0,z)=\vt'(0,z)=0$, where $y'=\pa_x y$. The Lyapunov function is defined by $\D(z)={1\/2}(\vp'(1,z)+\vt(1,z))$. The function $\D^2(\sqrt \l)$ is entire, where $\sqrt \l$ is defined by $\sqrt 1=1$. Introduce the function $(1-\D^2(\sqrt \l))^{1\/2}, \l\in \ol\C_+$ and we fix the branch by the condition $(1-\D^2(\sqrt {\l+i0}))^{1\/2}>0$ for $\l\in {\mathfrak{S}}_1=[E^+_{0},E^-_1]$. Introduce the two-sheeted Riemann surface $\L$ of $(1-\D^2(\sqrt \l))^{1\/2}$ obtained by joining the upper and lower rims of two copies of the cut plane $\C\sm\s_{ac}(H_0)$ in the usual (crosswise) way. The n-th gap on the first physical sheet $\L_1$ we will denote by $\g_n^{(1)}$ and the same gap but on the second nonphysical sheet $\L_2$ we will denote by $\g_n^{(2)}$ and let $\g_n^c$ be the union of $\ol\g_n^{(1)}$ and $\ol\g_n^{(2)}$: $$\lb{sL} \g_n^c=\ol\g_n^{(1)}\cup \ol\g_n^{(2)}.$$ It is well known that the function $f(\l)=((H-\l)^{-1}h,h)$ has meromorphic extension from the physical sheet $\L_1$ into the Riemann surface $\L$ for each $h\in C_0^\iy(\R_+), h\ne 0$. Moreover, if $f$ has a pole at some $\l_0\in \L_1$ and some $h$, then $\l_0$ is an eigenvalue of $H$ and $\l_0\in\cup \g_n^{(1)}$. As a good example we consider the states of the operator $H_0$ for the case $p\ne \const , q=0$, see [@Zh3], [@HKS]. Let $f_0(\l)=((H_0-\l)^{-1}h,h)$ for some $h\in C_0^\iy(\R_+)$. It is well known that the function $f_0$ is meromorphic on the physical sheet $\L_1$ and has a meromorphic extension into $\L$. For each $\g_n^c\ne \es, n\ge 1$ there is exactly one state $\l_n^0\in \g_n^c$ of $H_0$ and its projection on the complex plane coincides with the Dirichlet eigenvalues $\m_n^2$. Moreover, there is one case from three ones: 1\) $\l_n^0\in \g_n^{(1)}$ is an eigenvalues, 2\) $\l_n^0\in \g_n^{(2)}$ is an antibound state, 3\) $\l_n^0=E_n^+$ or $\l_n^0=E_n^-$ is a virtual states. There are no other states of $H_0$. Thus $H_0$ has only eigenvalues, virtual states and antibound states. If there are exactly $N\ge 1$ nondegenerate gaps in the spectrum of $\s_{ac}(H_0)$, then operator $H_0$ has exactly $N$ states. The gaps $\g_n=\es$ do not give contribution to the states. In particular, if all $\g_n=\es, n\ge 1$, then $p=0$, see [@MO] or [@K4] and $H_0$ has not states. The states $\l_n^0$ are described in Lemma \[Tm\]. We need the results about the inverse spectral theory for the unperturbed operator $H_0$: define the mapping $p\to \x=(\x_n)_1^\iy$, where the components $\x_n=(\x_{1n},\x_{2n})\in \R^2$ are given by $$\x_{1n}={E_n^-+E_n^+\/2}-\m_n^2,\qqq \x_{2n}=\rt|{|\g_n|^2\/4}-\x_{1n}^2\rt|^{1\/2}a_n,\ \qq a_n={\begin{cases}}+1 & if \ \ \l_n^0\ {\rm is \ an \ eigenvalues} \\ -1 & if \ \ \l_n^0 \ \ \ {\rm is \ a \ resonance} \\ 0 & if \ \ \l_n^0 \ \ {\rm is \ a \ virtual \ state} {\end{cases}}.$$ Recall the results from [@K5]: [*The mapping $\x: \cH\to \ell^2\os \ell^2$ is a real analytic isomorphism between real Hilbert spaces $\cH=\{p\in L^2(0,1): \int_0^1p(x)dx=0\}$ and $\ell^2\os \ell^2$ and the estimates hold true $$\lb{esg} \|p\|\le 4\|\x\| (1+ \|\x\|^{1\/3}),\qqq \|\x\|\le \|p\|(1+\|p\|)^{1\/3},$$ where $\|p\|^2=\int_0^1p^2(x)dx$ and $\|\x\|^2={1\/4}\sum |\g_n|^2$.*]{} Estimates were proved in [@K7]. Moreover, for any sequence $\vk=(\vk_n)_1^\iy\in \ell^2, \vk_n\ge 0$ there are unique 2 -periodic eigenvalues $E_n^\pm, n\ge 0$ for some $p\in \cH$ such that each $\vk_n=E_n^+-E_n^-, n\ge 1$. Thus if we know gap lengths $(|\g_n|)_1^\iy$, then we can recover the Riemann surface $\L$ uniquely plus the points $E_n^-=E_n^+$, if $\vk_n=0$. Furthermore, for any sequence $\wt\l_n^0\in \g_n^c, n\ge 1$, there is an unique potential $p\in \cH$, such that each state $\l_n^0$ (corresponding to $p$) coincides with $\wt\l_n^0, n\ge 1$. Remark that results of [@K5] were generalized in [@K6] for periodic distributions $p=w'$, where $w\in\cH$. Define the function $$D(\l)=\det (I+q(H_0-\l)^{-1}), \qqq \l \in \C_+.$$ It is well known that the function $D(\l)$ is analytic in $\l \in \C_+$ and has a meromorphic extension into $\L$. Each zero of $D(\l)$ in $\L_1$ is an eigenvalue of $H$ and belongs to the union of physical gaps $\cup_{n\ge 0} \g_n^{(1)}$. Until now only some particular results are known about the zeros on the nonphysical sheet $\L_2$. Remark that the set of zeros of $D$ on $\L_2$ is symmetric with respect to the real line, since $D$ is real on $\g_0^{(2)}$. Let $\F (x,z)$ be the fundamental solution of the equation $$\lb{bcF} -\F''+(p+q)\F=z^2 \F, x\ge 0,\qqq \F (0,z)=0, \ \ \ \F'(0,z)=1, \qq z\in\C.$$ i\) Let $\ve >0$. The function $D$ satisfies $$\lb{T1-1} D(\l)=1+{\wh q(z)-\wh q(0)\/2iz}+{O(e^{t (|\Im z|-\Im z)})\/z^{2}}\ \ \ as \ \ |z|\to\iy, z=\sqrt \l, \ \sqrt 1=1,$$ where $|\l-E_n^\pm|\ge n\ve $ for all $n\ge 1$ and $ \wh q(z)=\int_0^tq(x)e^{2izx}dx$ and $$\lb{st1} {\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H)\sm {\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H_0)=\{ \l\in \L\sm{\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H_0):\ D(\l)=0\} \ss \L_2\cup \bigcup_{n\ge 0}\g_n^{(1)},$$ $$\lb{st2} {\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H)\cap {\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H_0)={\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H_0)\cap \{ z\in\s_{st}(H_0):\ \F(n_t,z)=0 \},\qq n_t=\inf_{n\in \N, n\ge t} n.$$ ii\) If $\l_n^0\in {\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H)\cap {\mathfrak{S}}_{st}(H_0)$, then $\l_n^0\in \ol\g_n^{(j)}\ne \es$ for some $j=1,2,n\ge1$ and $$\lb{ajf} D(\l)\to D(\l_n^0)\ne 0\qq as \qq \l\to \l_n^0.$$ iii) (The logarithmic low.) Each resonance $\l\in \L_2$ of $H$ satisfies $$\lb{T1-2} |\sqrt \l\sin \sqrt \l|\le C_Fe^{(2t+1)|\Im \sqrt \l|},\qqq \ \ C_F=3(\|p\|_1+\|p+q\|_t)e^{2\|p+q\|_t+\|p\|_1},$$ and there are no resonaces in the domain $\mD_{forb}=\{\l\in \L_2\sm \cup \ol\g_n^{(2)}: 4C_Fe^{2|\Im \sqrt \l|}<|\l|^{1\/2}\}$. 1\) Let $\l_n^0\in \g_n^{(1)}$ be a eigenvalue of $H_0$ for some $n\ge 1$. If $\F(n_t,\m_n)=0$, then $\m_n^2$ is a Dirichlet eigenvalue of the problem $-y''+(p+q)y=\m_n^2 y, y(0)=y(n_t)=0$. Then by , $\l_n^0$ is a bound state of $H$ and yields $D(\l_n^0)\ne 0$. Thus $\l_n^0$ [**is a pole of a resolvent, but $\l_n^0$ is neither a zero of $D$ nor a pole** ]{} of the S-matrix for $H,H_0$ given by $$\lb{sm} \cS_M(z)={\ol {D(\l)\/ D(\l)}},\ \ \ \l \in \s_{ac}(H_0).$$ 2\) If $D(\l)=0$ for some $\l=E_n^\pm\ne \m_n^2, n\ge 0$, then by , $\l$ is a virtual state. 3\) If $\m_n^2=E_n^\pm$ for some $n\ge 1$, then by , $\m_n^2$ is a virtual state iff $\F(n_t,\m_n)=0$. 4\) If $p=0$, then it is well known that each zero of $D(\cdot )$ is a state, see e.g., [@K1], [@S]. Moreover, each resonance lies below a logarithmic curve (depending only in $q$ see e.g. [@K1], [@Z]). The forbidden domain $\mD_{forb}\cap \C_-$ is similar to the case $p=0$, see [@K1]. Let $\#(H,r, A)$ be the total number of state of $H$ in the set $A\subseteq \L$ having modulus $\le r$, each state being counted according to its multiplicity. Define the Fourier coefficients $p_{sn}, \wh q_{cn}$ and the Fourier transform $\wh q$ by $$q_0=\!\int_0^1\!q(x)dx,\ \ p_{sn}=\!\int_0^1\!p(x)\sin 2\pi nxdx,\ \ \wh q(z)=\!\int_0^t\!q(x)e^{2izx}dx, \qq \wh q_{cn}=\Re \wh q(\pi n).$$ i\) $H$ has an odd number $\ge 1$ of states on each set $\g_n^c\ne \es,n\ge 1$, where $\g_n^c$ is a union of the physical $\ol \g_n^{(1)}\ss \L_1$ and non-physical gap $\ol \g_n^{(2)}\ss\L_2$ and $H$ has exactly one simple state $\l_n\in \g_n^c$ for all $n\ge 1+4C_Fe^{t{\pi\/2}}$ with asymptotics $$\lb{T2-1} \sqrt{\l_n}=\m_n-{(q_{0}-\wh q_{cn})p_{sn}+O({1\/n})\/2(\pi n)^2} \qqq \as \qq n\to \iy.$$ Moreover, the following asymptotics hold true as $r\to \iy$: $$\lb{T2-2} \#(H,r, \L_2\sm \cup \g_n^{(2)})=r{2t+o(1)\/\pi},$$ $$\lb{T2-3} \#(H,r, \R)=\#(H_0,r, \R)+2N_q \qqq for\ some\ integer \ N_q\ge 0, \qq r\notin \cup \ol\g_n.$$ ii) Let $\l$ be an eigenvalue of $H$ and let $\l^{(2)}\in \L_2$ be the same number but on the second sheet $\L_2$. Then $\l^{(2)}$ is not an anti-bound state. iii\) Let $\l_1<\l_2$ and let $\l_1,\l_2\in \g_n^{(1)}$ be some eigenvalues of $H$ for some $n\ge 0$ and assume that there are no other eigenvalues on the interval $\O=(\l_1,\l_2)\ss \g_n^{(1)}$. Let $\O^{(2)}\ss \g_n^{(2)}\ss \L_2$ be the same interval but on the second sheet. Then there exists an odd number $\ge 1$ of antibound states on $\O^{(2)}$. 1\) Results (iii) at $p=0$ were obtained independently in [@K1], [@S]. 2\) First term in the asymptotics does not depend on the periodic potential $p$. Recall that asymptotics for the case $p=0$ was obtained by Zworski [@Z]. 2\) The main difference between the distribution of the resonances for the case $p\ne \const$ and $p=\const$ is the bound states and antibound states in high energy gaps, see . 3\) In the proof of we use the Paley Wiener type Theorem from [@Fr], the Levinson Theorem (see Sect. 4) and analysis of the function $D$ near $\l_n^0$. 4\) For even potentials $p\in L_{even}^2(0,1)=\{p\in L^2(0,1), p(x)=p(1-x), x\in (0,1)\}$ all coefficients $p_{sn}=0$ and asymptotics are not sharp. This case is described in Theorem \[T4\]. 5\) Assume that a potential $u\in L^2(\R_+)$ is compactly supported, $\supp u\ss (0,t)$ and satisfies $|\wh u_{n}|=o(n^{-\a})$ as $n\to \iy$. Then in the case (ii) the operator $H+u$ has the same number of bound states in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough. We consider a stability of real states $\l_n$. Recall that $\l_n^0\in \g_n^c$ is a state of $H_0$. Let $b_n=q_0-\wh q_{cn}$. Assume that $|p_{sn}|>n^{-\a}$ and $|b_n|>n^{-(1-\a)}$ for some $\a\in (0,1)$ and for all $n\in \N_0$, where $ \N_0\ss \N$ is some infinite subset such that each $|\g_n|>0, n\in \N_0$. Let $b_n>0$ (or $b_n<0$). Then the real state $\l_n\in\g_n^c$ for $n\in \N_0$ large enough satisfies: If $\l_n^0$ is an eigenvalue of $H_0$, then $\l_n$ is a an eigenvalue of $H$ and $\l_n^0<\l_n$ (or $\l_n^0>\l_n$). If $\l_n^0$ is an antibound state of $H_0$, then $\l_n$ is an antibound state of $H$ and $\l_n<\l_n^0$ (or $\l_n^0<\l_n$). [**Remark.**]{} 1) Let $q> 0$. It is well known that if the coupling constant $\t>0$ is increasing, then eigenvalues of $H_0+\t q$ are increasing too. Roughly speaking, in our case the antibound states in the gap move in opposite direction. 2\) We explain roughly transformations: resonances $\to $ antibound states $\to $ bound states. Consider the operator $H_\t=H_0+\t q$, where $\t\in \R$ is the coupling constant. If $\t=0$, then $H_0$ has only states $\l_n^0, n\ge 1$ (eigenvalues, antibound states and virtual states). Consider the first gap $\g_1^c\ne \es$. If $\t$ is increasing, then the state $\l_1^0$ moves and there are no other states on $\g_1^c$. If $\t$ is increasing again, then $\l_1^0$ removes on the physical gap $\g_1^{(1)}$ and becomes an eigenvalue; there are no new eigenvalues but some two complex resonances ($\l\in \C_+\ss\L_2$ and $\ol \l\in \C_-\ss\L_2$) reach non physical gap $\g_1^{(2)}$ and transform into new antibound states. If $\t$ is increasing again, then some new antibound states will be virtual states, and then later they will be bound states. Thus if $\t$ runs through $\R_+$, then there is a following transformation: resonances $\to $ antibound states $\to $ virtual states $\to $ bound states $\to $ virtual states... Recall that $p\in L_{even}^2(0,1)$ iff $\m_n^2=E_n^-$ or $\m_n^2=E_n^+$ for all $n\ge 1$, see [@GT], [@KK1]. i\) Let unperturbed states $\l_n^0\in \{E_n^-, E_n^+\}$ for all $n\in \N_0$ large enough, where $ \N_0\ss \N$ is some infinite subset such that each $|\g_n|>0, n\in \N_0$. Then $$\lb{T4-1} \sqrt{\l_n}=\m_n+s_n|\g_n|{(q_0-\wh q_{cn}+O({1\/n}))^2\/(2\pi n)^2}, \qqq \qqq s_n={\begin{cases}}+ & if \ \ \m_n^2=E_n^- \\ - & if \ \ \m_n^2=E_n^+ {\end{cases}},\qq n\in \N_0$$ as $n\to \iy$. Moreover, if $\a\in ({1\/2},1)$, then for $n\in\N_0$ large enough the following holds true: if $\l_n^0=E_n^-,\ q_0-\wh q_{cn}>n^{-\a}$ or $\l_n^0=E_n^+, \ q_0-\wh q_{cn}<-n^{-\a}$, then $\l_n$ is an eigenvalue, if $\l_n^0=E_n^-, \ q_0-\wh q_{cn}<-n^{-\a}$ or $\l_n^0=E_n^+, \ q_0-\wh q_{cn}>n^{-\a}$, then $\l_n$ is an antibound state. ii\) Let $q\in \cQ_t$ satisfy $|q_{0}-\wh q_{cn}|>n^{-\a}$ for $n$ large enough and for some $\a\in ({1\/2},1)$. Then for any sequences $(\s_n)_{1}^\iy, \s_n\in \{0,1\}$ and $(\vk_n)_1^\iy\in\ell^2, \vk_n\ge 0$ there exists a potential $p\in L^2(0,1)$ such that each gap length $|\g_n|=\vk_n, n\ge 1$ and $H$ has exactly $\s_n$ eigenvalues and $1-\s_n$ antibound states in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough. iii\) Let $p\in L^1(0,1)$ and let unperturbed states $\l_n^0\in \{E_n^-, E_n^+\}$ for all $n\in \N_0$ large enough, where $ \N_0\ss \N$ is some infinite subset such that each $|\g_n|>0, n\in \N_0$. Then for any sequence $(\s_n)_{1}^\iy, \s_n\in \{0,1\}$ there exists a potential $q\in \cQ_t$ such that $H$ has exactly $\s_n$ eigenvalues and $1-\s_n$ antibound states in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n\in \N_0$ large enough. [**Remark.**]{} Roughly speaking is asymptotics for even potentials $p\in L^1(0,1)$. Let $\#_{bs}(H,\O)$ (or $\#_{abs}(H,\O)$) be the total number of bound states (or anti bound states) of $H$ on the segment $\O\ss \ol\g_n^{(1)}\ss\L_1$ (or $\O\ss \ol\g_n^{(2)}\ss\L_2$) for some $n\ge 0$ (each antibound state being counted according to its multiplicity). Introduce the integrated density of states $\r(\l),\l\in \R$ (a continuous function on $\R$) by $$\lb{ids} \r(\l)|_{\g_n}=n, \qqq \r({\mathfrak{S}}_{n+1})=[n,n+1] \qqq \cos \pi \r(\l)=\D(\sqrt \l), \ \l\in {\mathfrak{S}}_{n+1}, \ \ n\ge 0.$$ The real function $\r$ is strongly increasing on each spectral band ${\mathfrak{S}}_n$. It is well known that $\r(\l)={1\/\pi}\Re k(\sqrt {\l+i0}), \l\in \R$, where $k$ is the quasimomentum defined in Section 2. Let $H_\t=H_0+q_\t$ where $q_\t=q({x\/\t}), \t\ge 1$. Let $\O=[E_1,E_2]\ss \ol\g_n^{(1)}\ne \es$ be some interval on the physical sheet $\L_1$ for some $n\ge 0$ and let $\O^{(2)}\ss \ol\g_n^{(2)}$ be the same interval, but on the non- physical sheet $\L_2$. Then $$\begin{gathered} \lb{T5-1} \#_{abs}(H_\t,\O^{(2)})\ge 1+\#_{bs}(H_\t,\O)= \\ \t \int_0^\iy \rt(\r(E_2-q(x))-\r(E_1-q(x))\rt)dx+o(\t)\qq \as \qqq \t\to \iy.\end{gathered}$$ 1\) In the proof of we use the Sobolev’s results [@So] about asymptotics of $\#_{bs}(H_\t,\O)$ with needed modifications of Schmidt [@Sc]. Sobolev considered the case $H_\t=H_0+\t V$, where $V(x)={c+o(1)\/x^\a}$ as $x\to\iy$, for some $c\ne 0,\a>0$. We can not apply this results to our case, since this potential $V$ is not compactly supported. We use the modification of Schmidt for the perturbation of the periodic Dirac operator, where the decreasing potential can be compactly supported. A lot of papers are devoted to the resonances for the Schrödinger operator with $p=0$, see [@Fr], [@H], [@K1], [@K2], [@S], [@Z] and references therein. Although resonances have been studied in many settings, but there are relatively few cases where the asymptotics of the resonance counting function are known, mainly one dimensional case [@Fr], [@K1], [@K2], [@S], and [@Z]. We recall that Zworski \[Z\] obtained the first results about the distribution of resonances for the Schrödinger operator with compactly supported potentials on the real line. The author obtained the characterization (plus uniqueness and recovering) of $S$-matrix for the Schrödinger operator with a compactly supported potential on the real line [@K2] and the half-line [@K1], see also [@Z1], [@BKW] about uniqueness. The author [@K3] obtained the stability results for the Schrödinger operator on the half line: \(i) If $\vk=(\vk)_1^\iy$ is a sequence of poles (eigenvalues and resonances) of the S-matrix for some real compactly supported potential $q$ and $\wt\vk-\vk\in\ell_\ve^2$ for some $\ve>1$, then $\wt\vk$ is the sequence of poles of the S-matrix for some unique real compactly supported potential $\wt q$. \(ii) The measure associated with the poles of the S-matrix is the Carleson measure, the sum $\sum (1+|\vk_n|)^{-\a}, \a>1$ is estimated in terms of the $L^1$-norm of the potential $q$. Brown and Weikard [@BW] considered the Schrödinger operator $-y''+(p_A+q)y$ on the half-line, where $p_A$ is an algebro-geometric potentials and $q$ is a compactly supported potential. They proved that the zeros of the Jost function determine $q$ uniquely. Christiansen [@Ch] considered resonances associated to the Schrödinger operator $-y''+(p_{S}+q)y$ on the real line, where $p_S$ is a step potential. She determined asymptotics of the resonance-counting function. Moreover, she obtained that the resonances determine $q$ uniquely. Describer recent author’s results [@K4] about the operator $\mH =\mH_0+q$, $\mH_0=-{d^2\/dx^2}+p$ on the real line, where $p$ is periodic and and $q$ is compactly supported: 1) asymptotics of the resonance-counting function is determined, 2) a forbidden domain for the resonances is specified, 3) the asymptotics of eigenvalues and antibound states are determined, 4) for any sequence $(\s)_1^\iy, \s_n\in \{0,2\}$, there exists a compactly supported potential $q$ such that $\mH$ has $\s_n$ bound states and $2-\s_n$ antibound states in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough, 5) for any $q$ (with $q_0=0$) and for any sequences $(\s_n)_{1}^\iy, \s_n\in \{0,2\}$ and $(\vk_n)_1^\iy\in \ell^2, \vk_n\ge 0$ there exists a potential $p\in L^2(0,1)$ such that each gap length $|\g_n|=\vk_n, n\ge 1$ and $\mH$ has exactly $\s_n$ eigenvalues and $2-\s_n$ antibound states in each gap $\g_n\ne \es$ for $n$ large enough. We compare the results for $\mH$ on $\R$ and $H$ on $\R_+$: 1) their properties are close for even potentials $p\in L_{even}^2(0,1)$, since in this case unperturbed operators $H_0$ have only virtual states, 2) if $p$ is not even, then the unperturbed operator $H_0$ (in general) has eigenvalues, virtual states and antibound states, but the operator $\mH_0$ has exactly two virtual states in each open gap. This leads to the different properties of $H, \mH$ and roughly speaking the case of $H$ is more complicated, since the unperturbed operator $H_0$ is more comlicated. The plan of the paper is as follows. In Section 2 we define the Riemann surface associated the momentum variable $z=\sqrt \l, \l\in \L$, and describe the preliminary results about fundamental solutions. In Sections 3 we study states of $H$. In Sections 4 we prove the main Theorem \[T1\]-\[T4\]. In the proof of theorems we use properties of the quasimomentum, a priori estimates from [@KK], [@MO], and results from the inverse theory for the Hill operator from [@K5]. In the proof the analysis of the function $F(z)=\vp(1,z)D(z)\ol D(z), z^2\in \s_{ac}(H) $ is important, since we obtain the relationship between zeros of $F$ (which is entire) and the states. Thus we reduce the spectral problems of $H$ to the problem of entire function theory. Preliminaries ============== We will work with the momentum $z=\sqrt \l$, where $\l$ is an energy and recall that $\sqrt 1=1$. Introduce the cut domain (see Fig.2) $$\lb{2} \cZ=\C\sm \cup \ol g_n,\qqq where \qq g_n=(e_n^-,e_n^+)=-g_{-n},\qq e_n^\pm=\sqrt{E_n^\pm}>0,\qq n\ge 1.$$ Note that $\D(e_{n}^{\pm})=(-1)^n$. If $\l\in \g_n, n\ge 1$, then $z\in g_{\pm n}$ and if $\l\in \g_0=(-\iy,0)$, then $z\in g_0^\pm=i\R_\pm$. Below we will use the momentum variable $z=\sqrt \l$ and the corresponding Riemann surface $\cM$, which is more convenient for us, than the Riemann surface $\L$. Slitting the n-th momentum gap $g_n$ (suppose it is nontrivial) we obtain a cut $g_n^c$ with an upper $g_n^+$ and lower rim $g_n^-$. Below we will identify this cut $g_n^c$ and the union of of the upper rim (gap) $\ol g_{n}^+$ and the lower rim (gap) $\ol g_{n}^{\ -}$, i.e., $$g_n^c=\ol g_{n}^+\cup \ol g_{n}^-,\ \ where \ \ g_{n}^\pm =g_n\pm i0; \qq and \ \ if \ z\in g_n \Rightarrow z\pm i0\in g_n^\pm.$$ (120.67,34.33) (20.33,21.33)[(1,0)[100.33]{}]{} (70.33,10.00)[(0,1)[24.33]{}]{} (69.00,19.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$0$]{}]{} (120.33,19.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\Re z$]{}]{} (67.00,33.67)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\Im z$]{}]{} (81.33,21.33)[(1,0)[9.67]{}]{} (100.33,21.33)[(1,0)[4.67]{}]{} (116.67,21.33)[(1,0)[2.67]{}]{} (60.00,21.33)[(-1,0)[9.33]{}]{} (40.00,21.33)[(-1,0)[4.67]{}]{} (24.33,21.33)[(-1,0)[2.33]{}]{} (81.67,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$e_1^-$]{}]{} (91.00,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$e_1^+$]{}]{} (100.33,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$e_2^-$]{}]{} (105.00,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$e_2^+$]{}]{} (115.33,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$e_3^-$]{}]{} (120.00,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$e_3^+$]{}]{} (59.33,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-e_1^-$]{}]{} (50.67,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-e_1^+$]{}]{} (40.33,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-e_2^-$]{}]{} (34.67,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-e_2^+$]{}]{} (26.00,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-e_3^-$]{}]{} (19.50,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-e_3^+$]{}]{} In order to construct the Riemann surface $\cM$ we take the cut domain $\cZ=\C\sm \cup \ol g_n$ and identify (we glue) the upper rim $g_{n}^+$ of the slit $g_n^c$ with the upper rim $g_{-n}^+$ of the slit $g_n^c$ and correspondingly the lower rim $g_{n}^-$ of the slit $g_{-n}^c$ with the lower rim $g_{-n}^-$ of the slit $g_{-n}^c$ for all nontrivial gaps. The mapping $z=\sqrt \l$ from $\L$ onto $\cM$ is one-to-one and onto. The gap $\g_n^{(1)}\ss \L_1$ is mapped onto $g_n^+\ss \cM_1$ and the gap $\g_n^{(2)}\ss \L_2$ is mapped onto $g_n^-\ss \cM_2$. From a physical point of view, the upper rim $g_{n}^+$ is a physical gap and the lower rim $g_{n}^-$ is a non physical gap. Moreover, $\cM\cap\C _+=\cZ\cap\C _+$ plus all physical gaps $g_{n}^+$ is a so-called physical “sheet” $\cM_1$ and $\cM\cap\C _-=\cZ\cap\C _-$ plus all non physical gaps $g_{n}^-$ is a so-called non physical “sheet” $\cM_2$. The set (the spectrum) $\R\sm \cup g_n$ joints the first $\cM_1$ and second sheets $\cM_2$. (120.67,34.33) (20.33,20.00)[(1,0)[102.33]{}]{} (71.00,7.00)[(0,1)[27.00]{}]{} (70.00,18.67)[(0,0)\[cc\][$0$]{}]{} (124.00,18.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\Re k$]{}]{} (67.00,33.67)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\Im k$]{}]{} (87.00,15.00)[(0,1)[10.]{}]{} (103.00,17.00)[(0,1)[6.]{}]{} (119.00,18.00)[(0,1)[4.]{}]{} (56.00,15.00)[(0,1)[10.]{}]{} (39.00,17.00)[(0,1)[6.]{}]{} (23.00,18.00)[(0,1)[4.]{}]{} (85.50,18.50)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\pi$]{}]{} (54.00,18.50)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-\pi$]{}]{} (101.00,18.50)[(0,0)\[cc\][$2\pi$]{}]{} (36.00,18.50)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-2\pi$]{}]{} (117.00,18.50)[(0,0)\[cc\][$3\pi$]{}]{} (20.00,18.50)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-3\pi$]{}]{} (87.00,26.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$\pi+ih_1$]{}]{} (56.00,26.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-\pi+ih_1$]{}]{} (103.00,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$2\pi+ih_2$]{}]{} (39.00,24.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-2\pi+ih_2$]{}]{} (119.00,23.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$3\pi+ih_3$]{}]{} (23.00,23.00)[(0,0)\[cc\][$-3\pi+ih_3$]{}]{} We introduce the quasimomentum $k(\cdot )$ for $H_0$ by $k(z)=\arccos \D(z),\ z \in \cZ$. The function $k(z)$ is analytic in $z\in\cZ$ and satisfies: $$\lb{pk} (i)\qq k(z)=z+O(1/z)\qq as \ \ |z|\to \iy, \qq \qq (ii)\qq \Re k(z\pm i0) |_{[e_n^-,e_n^+]}=\pi n,\qq \ n\in \Z,$$ and $\pm \Im k(z)>0$ for any $z\in \C_\pm$, see [@MO], [@KK]. The function $k(\cdot)$ is analytic on $\cM$ and satisfies $\sin k(z)=(1-\D^2(z))^{1\/2}, z\in \cM$. Moreover, the quasimomentum $k(\cdot)$ is a conformal mapping from $\cZ$ onto the quasimomentum domain $\cK=\C\sm \cup \G_n$, see Fig. 2 and 3. Here $\G_n=(\pi n-ih_n,\pi n+ih_n)$ is a vertical slit with the height $h_n\ge 0, h_0=0$. The height $h_n$ is defined by the equation $\cosh h_n=(-1)^n\D(e_n)\ge 1$, where $e_n\in [e_n^-,e_n^+]$ and $\D'(e_n)=0$. The function $k(\cdot)$ maps the slit $g_n^c$ on the slit $\G_n,$ and $k(-z)=-k(z)$ for all $z\in \cZ$. In order to describe the spectral properties of the operator $H_0$ we need the properties of $\vt, \vp$. Recall that $\vt,\vp$ are the solutions of the equation $-y''+py=z^2y$ with the conditions $\vp'(0,z)=\vt(0,z)=1$ and $\vp(0,z)=\vt'(0,z)=0$. The solutions $\vt,\vp$ satisfy the equations $$\begin{gathered} \lb{fs} \vt(x,z)=\cos zx+\int_0^x{\sin z(x-s)\/z}p(s)\vt(s,z)ds,\qqq \\ \vp(x,z)={\sin zx\/z}+\int_0^x{\sin z(x-s)\/z}p(s)\vp(s,z)ds.\end{gathered}$$ For each $x\in \R$ the functions $\vt(x,z), \vp(x,z)$ are entire in $z\in\C$ and satisfy $$\begin{gathered} \lb{efs1} \max \rt\{|z|_1|\vp(x,z)|, \ |\vp'(x,z)| , |\vt(x,z)|, {1\/|z|_1}|\vt'(x,z)| \rt\} \le X=e^{|\Im z|x+\|p\|_x},\\ \rt|\vp(x,z)-{\sin zx\/z}\rt|\le {X\/|z|^2}\|p\|_x, \qq |\vt(x,z)-{\cos zx}|\le {X\/|z|}\|p\|_x,\qqq |z|_1=\max\{1, |z|\},\end{gathered}$$ where $\|p\|_t=\int_0^t|p(s)|ds$ and $(x,z)\in \R\ts \C$, see \[PT\]. These estimates yield $$\lb{asb} \b(z)={\vp'(1,z)-\vt(1,z)\/2}=\int_0^1{\sin z(2x-1)\/z}p(x)dx+{O(e^{|\Im z|})\/z^2}\qqq \as \qqq |z|\to \iy.$$ Moreover, if $z=\pi n+O(1/n)$, then we obtain $$\lb{abn} \b(z)=(-1)^n{p_{sn}+O(n^{-1})\/2\pi n},\qq p_{sn}=\int_0^1p(x)\sin 2\pi nxdx.$$ The Floquet solutions $\p^{\pm}(x,z), z \in \cZ$ of the equation $-y''+py=z^2y$ are given by $$\lb{3} \p^\pm(x,z)=\vt(x,z)+m_\pm(z)\vp(x,z),\qqq \ m_\pm={\b\pm i\sin k\/ \vp(1,\cdot)},$$ where $\vp(1,z)\p^+(\cdot,z)\in L^2(\R_+)$ for all $z\in\C_+\cup\cup_{} g_n$. If $p=0$, then $k=z$ and $\p^\pm(x,z)=e^{\pm izx}$. Let $\cD_r(z_0)=\{|z-z_0|<r\}$ be a disk for some $r>0, z_0\in \L$. It is well known that if $g_n=\es$ for some $n\in \Z$, then the functions $\sin k(\cdot)$ and $ m_\pm$ [**are analytic in some disk**]{} $\cD_\ve(\m_n)\ss\cZ, \ve>0$ and the functions $\sin k(z)$ and $\vp(1,z)$ have the simple zero at $\m_n$, see [@F1]. Moreover, $m_\pm$ satisfies $$\lb{Tm-2} m_\pm (\m_n)={\b'(\m_n)\pm i(-1)^nk'(\m_n)\/\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)}, \qq \Im m_\pm (\m_n)\ne 0.$$ Furthermore, $\Im m^+ (z)>0$ for all $(z,n)\in (z_{n-1}^+,z_{n}^-)\ts \N$ and the asymptotics hold true: $$\begin{gathered} \lb{Tm-1} m_\pm (z)=\pm iz+O(1) \qq as \qq |z|\to \iy, \qq z\in \cZ_\ve \\ \where \qqq \cZ_\ve =\{z\in \cZ: \dist \{z,g_n\}>\ve, g_n\ne \es, n\in \Z\},\ \ve>0.\end{gathered}$$ The function $\sin k$ and each function $\vp(1,\cdot)\p^{\pm}(x,\cdot), x\in \R$ are analytic on the Riemann surface $\cM$. Recall that the Floquet solutions $\p_\pm(x,z), (x,z)\in \R\ts \cM$ satisfy (see [@T]) $$\lb{f1} \p_\pm(0,z)=1, \qq \p^\pm(0,z)'=m_\pm(z), \qq \p^\pm(1,z)=e^{\pm ik(z)}, \qq \p^\pm(1,z)'=e^{\pm ik(z)}m_\pm(z),$$ $$\lb{f2} \p^\pm(x,z)=e^{\pm ik(z)x}(1+O(1/z)) \qq .$$ as $|z|\to \iy \ z\in \cZ_\ve$, uniformly in $x\in \R$. Below we need the simple identities $$\lb{LD0} \b^2+1-\D^2=1-\vp'(1,\cdot)\vt(1,\cdot)= -\vp(1,\cdot)\vt'(1,\cdot).$$ Introduce the fundamental solutions $\P^\pm (x,z)$ of the equation $$\lb{bcf} -{\P^\pm}''+(p+q)\P^\pm=z^2 \P^\pm, x\ge 0,\qq \P^\pm(x,z)=\p^\pm(x,z),\ \ x\ge t , \qq z\in\cZ\sm \{0\}.$$ Each function $\vp(1,z)\P^\pm(x,z),x\ge 0$ is analytic in $\cM$, since each $\vp(1,z)\p^{\pm}(x,z), x\ge 0$ is analytic in $\cM$. We define [**the modified Jost function**]{} $\P_0^\pm=\P^\pm(0,z)$, which is meromorphic in $\cM$ and has branch points $e_n^\pm, g_n\ne \es$. The kernel of the resolvent $R=(H-z^2)^{-1}, z\in \C_+,$ has the form $$\lb{R} R(x,x',z)={\F (x,z )\P^+(x',z)\/\P_0^+(z)},\ \ \ x<x',\ \ and \ \ R(x,x',z )=R(x',x,z ),\ x>x'.$$ Recall that $\F (x,z)$ is the solution of the equation $-\F''+(p+q)\F=z^2 \F, x\ge 0,\ \F (0,z)=0, \ \F'(0,z)=1, \ z\in\C.$ Each function $R(x,x',z), x,x'\in \R$ is meromorphic in $\cM$. Remark that if $z_0\in g_n^\pm\sm \{\m_n\pm i0\}$ and $\P_0^+(z_0)\ne 0$ for some $n$, then the resolvent of $H$ is analytic at $z_0$. The function $\P_0^+(z)$ has finite number of simple zeros on each $g_n^+, n\ne 0$ and on $i\R_+$ (no zeros on $\C_+\sm i\R_+$), where the squared zero is an eigenvalue. A pole of $\mR(x,z)=\P^+(x,z)/\P_0^+(z)$ on $g_n^+$ is called a bound state. Of course, $z^2$ is really the energy, but since the momentum $z$ is the natural parameter, we will abuse the terminology. Moreover, $\P_0^+(z)$ has infinite number of zeros in $\C_-$, see . We rewrite Definition $\L$ about the resonances on the Riemann surface $\L$ in the equivalent form in terms of the resonances on the Riemann surface $\cM$. Let $\s_{bs}(H)$ (or $\s_{rs}(H)$ or $\s_{vs}(H)$ ) be the set of all bound states in the momentum variable $z=\sqrt \l\in \cM$ (or resonances or virtual states) of $H$ and let $\s_{st}(H)=\s_{vs}(H)\cup \s_{rs}(H)\cup\s_{bs}(H)$. The kernel of the resolvent $R_0(z)=(H_0-z^2)^{-1}, z\in \C_+$ has the form $$\lb{R0} R_0(x,x',z)=\vp(x,z)\p^+(x',z),\qq x<x',\ \ {\rm and} \qq R_0(x,x',z)=R_0(x',x,z),\ x>x'.$$ Consider the states $z_n^0=\sqrt{\l_n^0}\in g_n^c$ of $H_0$. Due to , the function $\P_0^+=\p_0^+(0,\cdot)=1$ and $\mR(x,\cdot)=\vt(x,\cdot)+m_+\vp(x,\cdot)$. Recall that $\vp(1,\cdot)m_+$ and $\sin k(z)$ are analytic in $\cM$. Thus the resolvent $R_0(z)$ has singularities only at $\m_n\pm i0$, where $g_n\ne \es$, and in order to describe the states of $H_0$ we need to study $m_+$ on $g_n^c$ only. Let $\mA(z_0), z_0\in \cM$ be the set of analytic functions in some disk $\cD_r(z_0)=\{|z-z_0|<r\}, r>0$. We need the following result (see [@Zh3]) All states of $H$ are given by $\m_n\pm i0\in g_n^c, n\ne 0$, where $g_n\ne \es$. Let the momentum gap $g_n=(e_n^-,e_n^+)\ne \es$ for some $n\ge 1$. Then i\) $z_n^0=\m_n+i0\in g_n^+$ is a bound state of $H_0$ iff one condition from (1)-(3) holds true $$\begin{gathered} \lb{Tm-31} (1) \qq m_-\in \mA(\m_n+i0),\\ (2)\ \ \b(\m_n)=i\sin k(\m_n+i0)= -(-1)^n\sinh h_{sn}, \qq k(\m_n+i0)=\pi n+ih_{sn}\qq h_{sn}>0 \hspace{1.2cm} \\ (3)\qqq m_+(z_n^0+z)={c_n+O(z)\/z} \qq as \ z\to 0, \ z\in \C_+,\ c_n={-2\sinh |h_{sn}|\/(-1)^n\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)}<0.\qq\end{gathered}$$ ii) $z_n^0=\m_n-i0\in g_n^-$ is an antibound state of $H_0$ iff one condition from (1)-(3) holds true $$\begin{gathered} \lb{Tm-32} (1) \qqq m_-\in \mA(\m_n-i0),\\ (2)\qqq \b(\m_n)=i\sin k(\m_n-i0)= -(-1)^n\sinh h_{sn}, \qq k(\m_n-i0)=\pi n+ih_{sn},\qq h_{sn}<0, \hspace{0.3cm} \\ (3)\qqq \qq m_+(z_n^0+z)={-c_n+O(z)\/z} \qq as \ z\to 0, \ \ z\in \C_-. \hspace{4.5cm}\end{gathered}$$ iii\) $z_n^0=\m_n$ is a virtual state of $H_0$ iff one condition from (1)-(2) holds true $$\begin{gathered} \lb{Tm-33} (1) \qqq z_n^0=\m_n=e_n^-\qqq or \qqq z_n^0=\m_n=e_n^+,\\ (2) \qqq m_+(z_n^0+z)={c_n^0+O(z)\/\sqrt z}\qq as \ z\to 0, \ z\in \C_+,\qq c_n^0\ne 0. \hspace{3.7cm}\end{gathered}$$ These simple facts are well known in the inverse spectral theory, see [@N-Z], [@MO] or [@K5]. Remark that detail analysis of $H_0$ was done in [@Zh3]. If $\m_n\in g_n\ne \es$, then the function $m_+$ has a pole at $z_n^0=\m_n+i0\in g_n^+$ (a bound state) or at $z_n^0=\m_n-i0\in g_n^-$ (an antibound state). If $\m_n=e_n^+$ (or $\m_n=e_n^-$), then $z_n^0=\m_n$ is a virtual state. Note that if some $g_n=\es, n\ne 0$, then each $\p^\pm(x,\cdot)\in \mA(\m_n), x\ge 0$. Moreover, the resolvent $R_0(z)$ has a pole at $z_0$ iff the function $m_+(\cdot)$ has a pole at $z_0$. The following asymptotics from [@MO] hold true as $n\to \iy$: $$\lb{sde} \m_n=\pi n+\ve_n(p_{0}-p_{cn}+O(\ve_n)),\qqq p_{cn}=\int_0^1p(x)\cos 2\pi nxdx, \qqq \qq \ve_n={1\/2\pi n},$$ $$\lb{anc} h_{sn}=-\ve_n(p_{sn}+O(\ve_n)),$$ $$\lb{ape} e_n^\pm=\pi n+\ve_n(p_0\pm |p_n|+O(\ve_n)), \qq \qq p_n=\int_0^1p(x)e^{-i2\pi nx}dx=p_{cn}-ip_{sn}.$$ Let $\vp(x,z,\t), \ (z,\t)\in \C\ts \R$ be the solutions of the equation $$\lb{x+t} -\vp''+p(x+\t)\vp=z^2 \vp, \qq \ \vp(0,z,\t)=0,\qq \vp'(0,z,\t)=1.$$ Let $ y_1, y_2$ be the solutions of the equations $-y''+(p+q)y=z^2y, z\in \C$ and satisfying $$\lb{wtc} y_2'(t,z)=y_1(t,z)=1,\qqq y_2(t,z)=y_1'(t,z)=0.$$ Thus, they satisfy the integral equation $$\begin{gathered} \lb{efy} y_1(x,z)=\cos z(x-t)-\int_x^t{\sin z(x-\t)\/z}(p(\t)+q(\t))y_1(\t,z)d\t,\qqq \\ y_2(x,z)={\sin z(x-t)\/z}-\int_x^t{\sin z(x-\t)\/z}(p(\t)+q(\t))y_2(\t,z)d\t.\end{gathered}$$ For each $x\in \R$ the functions $ y_1(x,z), y_2(x,z)$ are entire in $z\in\C$ and satisfy $$\begin{gathered} \lb{efs} \max \{||z|_1 y_2(x,z)|, \ | y_2'(x,z)| , | y_1(x,z)|, {1\/|z|_1}| y_1'(x,z)| \} \le X_1=e^{|\Im z||t-x|+\int_x^t|p+q|ds},\\ | y_1(x,z)-\cos z(x-t)|\le {X_1\/|z|}\|q\|_t,\qq \rt| y_2(x,z)-{\sin z(x-t)\/z}\rt|\le {X_1\/|z|^2}\|q\|_t,\end{gathered}$$ and recall that $|z|_1=\max\{1, |z|\}$ and $\|p\|_t=\int_0^t|p(s)|ds$. The equation $-y''+(p-z^2)y=f, y(0)=y'(0)=0$ has an unique solution given by $ y=\int_0^x\vp(x-\t,z,\t)f(\t)d\t. $ Hence the solutions $\F$ and $\P_\pm$ of the $-y''+(p+q)y=z^2y$ satisfy $$\lb{eF} \F(x,z)=\vp(x,z)+\int_0^x\vp(x-s,z,s)q(s)\F (s,z)ds,$$ $$\lb{ep} \P^\pm (x,z)=\p^\pm(x,z)-\int_x^t\vp(x-s,z,s)q(s)\P^\pm(s,z)ds.$$ Below we need the well known fact for scattering theory $$\lb{DP} \P^+(0,z)=D(z^2)=\det (I+q(H_0-z^2)^{-1}),\qqq z\in \cM.$$ It is similar to the case $p=0$, see [@J]. The case on the real with $p\ne \const$ was considered in [@F4]. The functions $\P^\pm, m_\pm, ,...$ are meromorphic in $\cM$ and real on $i\R$. Then the following identities hold true: $$\P^\pm(-z)=\ol \P^\pm(\ol z), \qq m_\pm(-z)=\ol m_\pm(\ol z), \qq ...,\qq z\in \cZ.$$ i\) The following identities and asymptotics hold true: $$\lb{T21-1} \P^\pm =\p^{\pm}(t,\cdot)y_1+\dot\p^{\pm}(t,\cdot)y_2,\qqq \where \qq \dot u=\pa_t u,$$ $$\lb{T21-2} \P^\pm(0,z)=1+\int_0^t\vp(x,z)q(x)\P^\pm(x,z)dx,$$ $$\lb{T21-3} \P^\pm(x,z)=e^{\pm ik(z)x}(1+e^{\pm (t-x)(|v|-v)}O(1/z)),\qq v=\Im z,\qq \qq$$ as $|z|\to \iy, z\in \cZ_\ve, \ve>0$ uniformly in $x\in [0,t]$. Moreover, hold true. ii\) The function $\P^\pm(0,\cdot)$ has exponential type $2t$ in the half plane $\C_\mp$. i\) Using , we obtain . The identity $\vp(x,\cdot,\t)=\vt(\t,z)\vp(x+\t,z)-\vp(\t,z)\vt(x+\t,z)$ gives $\vp(-x,\cdot,x)=-\vp(x,z)$ and yield . Substituting into we obtain . In particular, substitution of , into yields , since $D(z^2)=\P^+(0,z)$. ii\) We give the proof for the case $\P^+(0,z)$, the proof for $\P^-(0,z)$ is similar. Due to , $\P^+(0,z)$ has exponential type $\le 2t$ in the half plane $\C_-$. The decompositions $f(x,z)\ev e^{-ixk(z)}\P^+(x,z)=1+\ve f_1(x,z)$ and $\vp(x,z)e^{ixk(z)}\ev \ve (e^{i2xz}-1 +\ve \e(x,z)), \ \ve={1\/2iz}$ give $$\begin{gathered} \lb{esff} \P^+(0,z)-1=\int_0^t\vp(x,z)e^{ixk}q(x)f(x,z)dx\\ = \ve \int_0^te^{i2xz}q(x)f(x,z)(1+\ve e^{-i2xz}\e(x,z))dx-\ve \int_0^tq(x)f(x,z)dx=\ve K(z)-\ve \int_0^tq(x)dx,\\ K=\ve \int_0^te^{i2xz}q(x)(1+G(x,z))dx, \qqq G=\ve f_1+\ve e^{-i2xz}(\e f-f_1), \qq \ z\in \cZ_\ve.\end{gathered}$$ Asymptotics , and $k(z)=z+O(1/z)$ as $z\to \iy$ (see [@KK]) yield $$\lb{esff1} \e(x,z)= e^{2x|\Im z|}O(1),\qq \qqq f_1(x,z)=e^{2(t-x)|\Im z|}O(1)\qq as \ |z|\to \iy, z\in \cZ_\ve.$$ We need the following variant of the Paley Wiener Theorem from [@Fr]: We can not apply this result to the function $K(z), z\in\C_-$, since $\p^+(x,z)$ has a singularity at $z_n^0$ if $g_n\ne \es$. But we can use this result for the function $K(z-i), z\in\C_-$, since , imply $\sup _{x\in [0,1]}|G(x,-i+\t)|=O(1/\t)$ as $\t\to \pm\iy$. Then the function $\P^+(0,z)$ has exponential type $2t$ in the half plane $\C_-$. Spectral properties of $H$ ========================== Recall that an entire function $f(z)$ is said to be of $exponential$ $ type$ if there is a constant $A$ such that $|f(z)|\le $ const. $e^{A|z|}$ everywhere (see \[Koo\]). The infimum over the set of $A$ for which such an inequality holds is called the type of $f$. [*The function $f$ is said to belong to the Cartwright class $Cart_\o$ if $f(z)$ is entire, of exponential type, $\o_\pm(f)=\o>0$, where $ \o_{\pm}(f)=\lim \sup_{y\to \iy} {\log |f(\pm iy)|\/y}$ and $\int _{\R}{\log ^+|f(x)|dx\/ 1+x^2}<\iy$.*]{} Let for shortness $$\vp_1=\vp(1,z ),\ \ \ \vp_1'=\vp'(1,z ), \ \ \ \vt_1=\vt(1,z ),...., \F_1=\F(1,z),\ \ \ \F_1'=\F'(1,z).$$ $$F(z)=\vp(1,z)\P^-(0,z)\P^+(0,z), \qq z\in \cZ,$$ which is real on $\R$, since $\P^-(0,z)=\ol\P^+(0,\ol z)$ for all $z\in \cZ$, see also . i\) The following identities and estimates hold true: $$\lb{T22-1} F=\vp(1,\cdot,t)y_1^2(0,\cdot)+\dot\vp(1,\cdot,t)y_1(0,\cdot)y_2(0,\cdot)-\vt'(1,\cdot,t)y_2^2(0,\cdot)\in Cart_{1+2t},$$ $$\lb{T22-2} \vp_1\dot\p_t^+\dot\p_t^-=-\vt'(1,\cdot,t),\qqq \vp_1(\dot\p_t^+\p_t^-+\p_t^+\dot\p_t^-)=\dot\vp(1,\cdot,t)= \vp'(1,\cdot,t)-\vt(1,\cdot,t),$$ $$\lb{T22-3} |F(z)-{\sin z\/z}|\le {C_F e^{(1+2t)|\Im z|}\/|z|^2}, \qq C_F=3(\|p\|_1+\|p+q\|_t)e^{2\|p+q\|_t+\|p\|_1}. $$ ii) The set of zeros of $F$ is symmetric with respect to the real line and the imaginary line. In each disk $\{z: |z-\pi n|<{\pi\/ 4}\}, |n|\ge 1+4C_Fe^{t{\pi\/2}}$ there exists exactly one simple real zero $z_n$ of $F$ and $F$ has not zeros in the domain $\mD_F\cap\C_-$, where $\mD_F=\{z\in \C: 4C_Fe^{2|\Im z|}<|z|\}$. iii\) For all $z \in \cZ$ the following identity holds true: $$\lb{T31-1} \P_0^\pm(z)=e^{\pm ik(z)n_t}w_\pm(z),\ \ \ w_\pm(z)=\F'(n_t,z)-m_\pm(z)\F(n_t,z), \qqq n_t=\inf_{n\in \N, n\ge t} n.$$ i\) The function $\vp(1,z,t)$ for all $(t,z)\in R\ts \C$ satisfies the following identity $$\lb{ipv} \vp(1,\cdot,t)=-\vt_1'\vp_t^2+\vp_1\vt_t^2+ 2\b\vp_t\vt_t=\vp_1\p_t^+\p_t^-,$$ see [@Tr]. Recall that $\vp(1,z,t), \vt(1,z,t)$ are define in . Using we obtain $$\begin{gathered} \lb{2is} \dot \vp(1,\cdot,t)=\vp_1(\dot \p_t^+\p_t^-+\p_t^+\dot\p_t^-),\\ \ddot \vp(1,\cdot,t)=\vp_1(\ddot \p_t^+\p_t^-+\p_t^+\ddot\p_t^- +2\dot \p_t^+\dot \p_t^-)=2\vp_1(p(t)-z^2)\p_t^+\p_t^-+ 2\vp_1\dot \p_t^+\dot \p_t^-.\end{gathered}$$ Identity gives $$\lb{e12} F=\vp_1(\p_t^+\p_t^-y_1^2(0,\cdot)+\dot\p_t^+\dot\p_t^-y_2^2(0,\cdot)+ (\p_t^+\dot\p_t^-+\dot\p_t^+\p_t^-)y_1(0,\cdot)y_2(0,\cdot).$$ Then using the following identities from [@IM] $$\lb{im1} \dot \vp(1,z,t)=\vp'(1,z,t)-\vt(1,z,t),\qq \ddot \vp(1,z,t)=2(p(t)-z^2)\vp(1,z,t)-2\vt'(1,z,t), $$ and , we obtain ,, since Lemma \[T21\], ii) and yields $F\in Cart_{1+2t}$. We will show . We have $$y_1(0,\cdot)=\cos t z+\wt y_1,\qqq \wt y_1=\int_0^t {\sin z s\/z}(p(s)+q(s))y_1(s,\cdot)ds,$$ $$y_2(0,\cdot)=-{\sin t z\/z}+\wt y_2,\qqq \wt y_2=\int_0^t {\sin z s\/z}(p(s)+q(s))y_2(s,\cdot)ds,$$ $$\vt(1,t)=\cos z+\vt_{1t},\qq \vt_{1t}=\int_0^1 {\sin z(1-s)\/z}p(s+\t)\vt(s,\t)ds,$$ $$\vt'(1,t)=-z\sin z+\vt_{1t}',\qq \vt_{1t}'=\int_0^1 \cos z(1-s)p(s+t)\vt(s,t)ds,$$ $$\vp(1,t)={\sin z\/z}+\vp_{1t},\qq \vp_{1t}=\int_0^1 {\sin z(1-s)\/z}p(s+t)\vp(s,t)ds,$$ Then imply $$F=(\cos tz+\wt y_1)^2({\sin z\/z}+\vp_{1t})+({\sin tz\/z}-\wt y_2)^2(z\sin z-\vt_{1t}') +(\cos tz+\wt y_1)(-{\sin tz\/z}+\wt y_2)\dot \vp(1,z,t)$$ $$={\sin t z\/z}+f_1+f_2+f_3,$$ where $$f_1=y_1(0,\cdot)^2\vp_{1t}+{\sin tz\/z}(\cos tz+y_1(0,\cdot) )\wt y_1,$$$$f_2=-y_2(0,\cdot)^2\vt_{1t}'+z\sin z(y_{2}(0,\cdot)-{\sin tz\/z})\wt y_2, \qqq f_3=y_1(0,\cdot)y_2(0,\cdot)\dot \vp(1,z,t),$$ $$\qq |f_3|\le {C_t\/|z|^2}\|p\|_1,\qq |f_j|\le {C_t\/|z|^2}(\|p\|_1+2\|p+q\|_t),\qq j=1,2,$$ which yields , where $\|q\|_t=\int_0^t|q(x)|dx$ and $C_t=e^{(2t+1)|\Im z|+2\|p+q\|_t+\|p\|_1}$. ii\) Using we obtain for $|n|\ge 1+4C_Fe^{t{\pi\/2}}$ $$|F(z)-{\sin z\/z}|\le {C_F\/|z|^2}e^{|\Im z|+t{\pi\/2}|} \le {4C_F\/|z|}e^{t{\pi\/2}|}{|\sin z|\/|z|}<{|\sin z|\/|z|} \qq all \ |z-\pi n|={\pi\/4},$$ since $e^{|{\Im}z|}\le 4|\sin z|$ for all $|z-\pi n|\ge \pi /4, n\in \Z$, (see \[PT\]). Hence, by Rouche’s theorem, $F$ has as many roots, counted with multiplicities, as $\sin z$ in each disk $\cD_{\pi\/4}(\pi n)$. Since $\sin z$ has only the roots $\pi n, n\ge 1,$ and i) of the lemma follows. This zero in $\cD_{\pi\/4}(\pi n)$ is real since $F$ is real on the real line. Using and $e^{|{\Im}z|}\le 4|\sin z|$ for all $|z-\pi n|\ge \pi /4, n\in \Z$, we obtain $$|F(z)|\ge |{\sin z\/z}|-\rt|F(z)-{\sin z\/z}\rt|\ge {e^{|\Im z|}\/4|z|^2} \rt(|z|-4C_F e^{2t|\Im z|} \rt)>0,$$ for all $z\in \mD_1=\{z\in \mD_F: |z-\pi n|\ge \pi /4, n\in \Z \}$. This yields $|F|>0$ in $\mD_1$. But the function $F$ has exactly one real zero $z_n$ in $\cD_{\pi\/4}(\pi n), n\ge n_0$. Then $F$ has not zeros in the domain $\mD_F$. The function $F$ is real on the real line and the imaginary line. Hence the set of zeros of $F$ is symmetric with respect to the real line and the imaginary line. iii\) Using $\P^\pm(0,z)=\{\P^\pm(x,z ),\F (x,z)\}, \ z \in \cZ$ at $x=n_t$, and we obtain , where $\{y,u\}=yu'-y'u$ is the Wronskian. Let $\wt\vt, \wt\vp$ be the solutions of the equations $-y''+(p+q)y=z^2y, z\in \C$ and satisfying $$\wt\vt(x,z)=\vt(x,z),\qqq \wt\vp(x,z)=\vp(x,z),\qq \all \qq x\ge t.$$ Hence the solutions $\wt\vt, \wt\vp$ satisfy the equations $$\begin{gathered} \lb{eqfwt} \wt\vt(x,z)=\vt(x,z)-\int_x^t\vp(x-s,z,s)q(s)\wt\vt(s,z)ds,\\ \wt\vp(x,z)=\vp(x,z)-\int_x^t\vp(x-s,z,s)q(s)\wt\vp(s,z)ds.\end{gathered}$$ For each $x\ge 0$ the functions $\wt\vt(x,z), \wt\vp(x,z)$ are entire and real for $z^2\in \R$. The identities and give $$\lb{Ptp} \P^\pm(x,z)=\wt\vt(x,z)+m_\pm(z)\wt\vp(x,z),\qqq \all \qq (x,z)\in \R_+\ts \cZ.$$ Recall that $g_n^c={\ol g_n^-}\cup {\ol g_n^+}$ and we define the sets $$\mZ=i\R\cup \C_-\cup \cup_{n\in \Z}g_n^c,\qqq \qq \mZ_0=\mZ\sm \{0, e_n^\pm,\m_n\pm i0, g_n\ne \es, n\in \Z\}.$$ i\) If $g_n=(e_n^-,e_n^+)= \es$ for some $n\ne 0$, then each $\P^\pm(x,\cdot )\in \mA(\m_n), x\ge 0$ and $\Im \P^\pm(0,\m_n)\ne 0$. Moreover, $\m_n=e_n^\pm$ is a simple zero of $F$ and $\m_n\notin\s_{st}(H)$. ii\) $\P^\pm(0,z)\ne 0$ for all $z\in (e_{n-1}^+,e_{n}^-), n\in\Z$. Moreover, states of $H$ and zeros of $\P^+(0,z)$ belong to the set $\mZ=\{i\R\}\cup\C_-\cup\bigcup g_n^c\ss \cZ$. iii\) A point $z\in\mZ_0$ is a zero of $\P_0^+$ iff $z\in\mZ_0\cap \s_{st}(H)$. In particular, 1\) $z\in \ol\C_+\cap \cZ$ is a bound state of $H$, 2\) $z\in \ol\C_-\cap \cZ$ is a resonance of $H$. i\) Lemma \[Tm\] and identity yield that each $\P^\pm(x,\cdot )\in \mA(\m_n), x\ge 0$. Using we deduce that $\P_0^\pm(\m_n)\ne 0$, then the functions $\P^\pm(x,\cdot), 1/\P_0^\pm\in \mA(\m_n)$. Thus $\m_n$ is not a state of $H$ and $\m_n$ is a simple zero of $F$. ii\) The conformal mapping $k(\cdot)$ maps each interval $(e_{n-1}^+,e_{n}^-), n\ge 1$ onto $(\pi (n-1), \pi n)$. Recall that $\m_n\in [e_{n}^-,e_{n}^+]$. Then the function $m_\pm$ is analytic on $(e_{n-1}^+,e_{n}^-)$ and $\Im m_\pm(z)\ne 0$ for all $z\in (e_{n-1}^+,e_{n}^-)$. Then the identity gives $\P^\pm(0,z)\ne $ for all $z\in (e_{n-1}^+,e_{n}^-)$. Then the identity $\P^+(0,z)=D(z^2)$ and standard arguments (similar to the case $p=0$, see [@K1]) imply that states of $H$ and zeros of $\P^+(0,z)$ belong to the set $\mZ=\{i\R\}\cup\C_-\cup\bigcup g_n^c\ss \cZ$. iii\) The statement iii) follows from the identities , . $\BBox$ We consider the properties of the states of $H$ which coincide with unperturbed states $z_n^0$. Let $\z=\m_n+i0\in g_n^+$ or $\z=\m_n-i0\in g_n^-$ for some $n\ge 1$, where $g_n\ne \es$. Then i\) $\wt \vp(0,\m_n)=0$ iff $\F(n_t,\m_n)=0$, where $n_t=\inf_{n\in \N, n\ge t} n$. ii\) Let in addition $\z=z_n^0\in \s_{st}(H_0)$. Then $\P_0^-\in \mA(\z)$ and each $\P^+(x,\cdot), x>0$ has a simple pole at $\z$ and there are two cases: 1\) if $\wt\vp(0,\m_n)=0$, then $\P_0^+\in\mA(\z), \ \P_0^-(\z)\ne 0$ and $\z\in \s_{st}(H)$. In particular, $$\lb{T32-0} if \qq \z=\m_n+i0\in g_n^+ \qq \Rightarrow \qq \P_0^+(\z)\ne 0,\qq F(\m_n)=0,\qqq (-1)^nF'(\m_n)>0;$$ 2) if $\wt\vp(0,\m_n)\ne 0$, then $$\begin{gathered} \lb{T32-1} {\P^+(x,\cdot)\/\P_0^+}\in \mA(\z),x\ge 0, \ , \ \ \P_0^-(\z)\ne 0, \ \ \P_0^+(z)={c_n+O(\ve)\/\ve}\wt\vp(0),\\ \z\notin \s_{st}(H),\qqq F(\m_n)\ne 0.\end{gathered}$$ iii\) $\z\in \s_{bs}(H) $ (or $\z\in \s_{vs}(H) $ ) iff $\z\in \s_{bs}(H_0) $ (or $z_1\in \s_{vs}(H_0)$ and $\F(n_t,\m_n)=0$. iv\) Let $\z\in \s_{st}(H_0)\cap \s_{st}(H)$, then the same number but on another sheet is not a state of $H$. v\) Let $\z\in \s_{st}(H_0)$ and let the same number $\z_1=\ol\z$ but on another sheet is a state of $H$. Then $\z\notin \s_{st}(H)$. i\) Comparing and we deduce that $\wt \vp(0,\m_n)=0$ iff $\F(0,\m_n)=0$. ii\) Lemma \[Tm\] yields $m_-\in \mA(\z)$ and each $\P^+(x,\cdot), x>0$ has a simple pole at $\z$ and $m_+(z)={\pm c_n\/\ve}+O(1)$ as $\ve\to 0,\ \ve \in \C_\pm$ and $c_n<0$. 1\) If $\wt\vp(0,\m_n)=0$, then yields $\P_0^+\in\mA(\z), \ \P_0^-(\z)\ne 0$. Thus $\z\in \s_{st}(H)$, since each $\P^+(x,\cdot), x>0$ has a simple pole at $\z$. Consider the case $\z=\m_n+i0\in g_n^+$. Recall that gives $$\P^\pm(0,z)=e^{\pm ik(z)n_t}w_\pm(z),\ \ \ w_\pm(z)=\F'(n_t,z)-m_\pm(z)\F(n_t,z), \qqq n_t=\inf_{n\in \N, n\ge t} n,\ z\in \cZ,$$ which yields $$w_-(\z)=\F'(n_t,\m_n)\ne 0,\qq w_+(z_1)=\F'(n_t,\m_n)(1-c_n{\pa_z\F(n_t,\m_n)\/\F'(n_t,\m_n)})\ne 0,$$ since $\F'(n_t,\m_n)\ne 0, \F(n_t,\m_n)=0$ and $\F'(n_t,\m_n)\pa_z\F(n_t,\m_n)>0$ (see [@PT]). This yields , since $(-1)^n\pa_z \vp(1,\m_n)>0$ (see [@PT]). 2\) Lemma \[Tm\] yields $m_+(z)={c_n+O(\ve)\/\ve}$ as $\ve=z-\z\to 0$. Using , we obtain $$\P_0^+(z)={c_n+O(\ve)\/\ve}\wt\vp(0),\qq {\P^+(x,z)\/\P_0^+(z)}={\ve \wt\vt(x)-c_n\wt\vp(x)+O(\ve)\/\ve \wt\vt(0)-c_n\wt\vp(0)+O(\ve)}= {\wt\vp(x)\/\wt\vp(0)}+O(\ve)\qq \as \ \ve\to 0,$$ since $c_n\wt\vp(0,\m_n)\ne 0$, where $\wt\vp(x)=\wt\vp(x,z),..$. This yields $\vp(1,z)\P_0^+(z)=\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)c_n+o(1)$ and $m_-\in \mA(\z)$ gives $\P_0^+(\z)=\wt\vt(0)\ne 0$, which yields $F(\m_n)\ne 0$ and . Using i) and ii) we obtain iii). iv\) $\P_0^+\in \mA(\z_1)$ and each $\P^+(x,\cdot)\in \mA(\z_1), x>0$. Due to ii) $\wt\vp(0,\m_m)=0$, then we obtain $\P_0^+(\z_1)\ne 0$. Thus $\z_1\notin \s_{st}(H)$. v\) Assume that $\z\in \s_{st}(H)$. Then iv) gives contradiction. Thus $\z\notin \s_{st}(H)$. Consider virtual states, which coincide with the points $e_n^\pm$. Let $\z=e_n^-$ or $\z=e_n^+$ for some $n\ge 1$, where $e_n^-<e_n^+$ and let $\ve=z-\z$. i\) Let $\z\ne \m_n$ and let $\P_0^+(\z)=0$. Then $\z$ is a simple zero of $F$, $\z\in \s_{vs}(H)$ and $$\lb{T33-1} \P_0^+(z)=\wt\vp(0,\z)c\sqrt \ve+O(\ve),\qq \mR(x,z)={\P^+(x,z)+O(\ve)\/\wt\vp(0,\z)c\sqrt \ve},\qq c\wt\vp(0,\z)\ne 0.$$ ii) Let $\z=\m_n$ and $\wt\vp(0,\z)\ne 0$. Then $F(\z)\ne 0$ and each $\mR(x,\cdot), x>0$ has not singularity at $\z$, and $\z\notin \s_{vs}(H)$. iii\) Let $\z=\m_n$ and $\wt\vp(0,\z)=0$. Then $\z\in \s_{vs}(H)$, $\P_0^\pm(\z)\ne 0$ and $\z$ is a simple zero of $F$ and each $\mR^2(x,\cdot), x>0$ has a pole at $\z$. i\) Lemma \[Tm\] gives $m_\pm(z)=m_\pm(\z)+c\sqrt \ve+O(\ve)$ as $\ve=z-\z\to 0, c\ne 0$. We have two cases: 1) Firstly, let $\wt\vp(0,\z)\ne 0$. Then identity implies . 2\) Secondly, if $\wt\vp(0,\z)=0$, then implies $\P_0^+(\z)=\wt\vt(0,\z)\ne 0$, which gives contradictions. ii\) If $\z=\m_n$, then Lemma \[Tm\] gives $m_\pm(z)=\pm {c\/\sqrt \ve}+O(1), \ve\to 0, c\ne 0$. Then implies $$\P_0^\pm(z)=\pm{\wt\vp(0,\z)c\/\sqrt \ve}+O(1),\qq {\P^+(x,z)\/\P_0^+(z)}={\wt\vt(x,z)+({c\/\sqrt \ve}+O(1)) \wt\vp(x,z)\/{\wt\vp(0,\z)c\/\sqrt \ve}+O(1)}={1+O(\sqrt \ve)\/\wt\vp(0,\z)}.$$ Thus the function $\mR(x,\cdot), x>0$ has not singularity at $\z$ and $\z\notin \s_{vs}(H)$, $F(\z)\ne 0$. iii\) If $\wt\vp(0,\z)=0$, then gives $\P_0^+(\z)=\wt\vt(0,\z)\ne 0$, since $\wt\vt(0,\z)\ne 0$ and $\b(\z)=0$. Moreover, we obtain $ \P^+(x,z)=\wt\vt(x,z)+({c\/\sqrt \ve}+O(1)) \wt\vp(x,z), $ and the function $\mR^2(x,\cdot), x>0$ has a pole at $\z$, $\z\in \s_{vs}(H)$ and $F(\z)=0$. $\BBox$ Let $\l\in \g_n, \l\ne \m_n^2$ be an eigenvalue of $H$ for some $n\ge 0$ and let $z=\sqrt \l\in i\R_+\cup \cup_{n\ge 1} g_n^+$. Then $$\lb{T34-1} C_\l=\int_0^\iy |\P^+(x,z)|^2dx=-{{\P^+}'(0,z)\/2z} \pa_z\P^+(0,z)>0,$$ $$\lb{T34-2} {i2\sin k(z)\/\vp(1,z)}=\P^-(0,z_1){\P^+}'(0,z)\ne 0,\qqq i\sin k(z)=-(-1)^n\sinh h,\ \ h>0,$$ $$\lb{T34-3} C_\l={(-1)^nF'(z)\sinh h\/ z\vp^2(1,z)\P^-(0,z)^2}>0, \qqq {(-1)^nF'(z)\/z}>0.$$ Using the identity $\{{\pa\/\pa z} \P^+,\P^+\}'=2z(\P^+)^2$ we obtain . Using the Wronskian for the functions $\P^+, \P^-$ and we obtain $\P^-(0,z){\P^+}'(0,z)=m_+(z)-m_-(z)$, which yields , since $k(z)=\pi n+ih$ for some $h>0$, see the definition of $k(\cdot)$ before . Then identities , imply . $\BBox$ Proof of main Theorems ====================== [**Proof of Theorem \[T1\]**]{}. i) Asymptotics were proved in Lemma \[T21\]. ii\) and iii) of Lemma \[T32\] give for the case of non-virtual states, i.e., $\ne e_n^\pm$. Lemma \[T33\] implies for the case of virtual states. Lemma \[T311\] gives for the case of non-virtual states. Lemma \[T33\] implies for the case of virtual states. ii\) Using ii) and iii) of Lemma \[T32\] we obtain . iii\) Due to i) $\z$ is a zero of $F$, then yields . Lemma \[T22\] (ii) completes the proof of iii). . i) Let $g_n\ne \es$. The entire function $F=\vp(1,\cdot)\P_0^+\P_0^-$ has different sign on $\s_n$ and $\s_{n+1}$, since $\P_0^+(z)\P_0^-(z)=|\P_0^+(z)|^2>0$ for $z$ inside $\s_n\cup \s_{n+1}$ (see ) and $\vp(1,\cdot)$ has one simple zero in each interval $[e_n^-,e_n^+]$. Then $F$ has an odd number of zeros on $[e_n^-,e_n^+]$. By Lemma \[T311\]-\[T33\], $\z\in g_n^c$ is a state of $H$ iff $\z\in \ol g_n$ is a zero of $F$ (according to the multiplicity). Then the number of states on $g_n^c$ is odd. Using Lemma \[T22\] and \[T311\] we deduce that there exists an exactly one simple state $z_n$ in each interval $[e_n^-,e_n^+]$ for $g_n\ne \es$ and for $n\ge 1$ large enough. Moreover, asymptotics $e_n^\pm=\pi n+{p_0+o(1)\/2\pi n}$, see give $$\lb{rae} z_n=\pi n+{p_0+o(1)\/2\pi n}.$$ Using arguments proving we obtain the identities $$\lb{T21-20} \wt \vt(0,z)=1+\int_0^t\vp(x,z)q(x)\wt \vt(x,z)dx,\qqq \wt \vp(0,z)=\int_0^t\vp(x,z)q(x)\wt \vp(x,z)dx,$$ The standard iteration procedure and give the asymptotics $$\lb{asvt1} \wt \vt(0,z_n)=1+O(1/n),\qqq ,$$ $$\lb{asvp1} \wt\vp(0,z_n)=\int_0^t{\sin^2 z_nx\/z_n^2}q(x)dx+O(1/n^3)={q_0-\wh q_{cn}+O({1\/n})\/2(\pi n)^2},$$ where $\wh q_{cn}=\int_0^tq(x)\cos 2\pi nxdx$. Using and $\P^\pm=\wt\vt+m_\pm\wt\vp$, see , we obtain $$\lb{idF1} F=F_1+F_2+F_3,\qqq F_1=\vp(1,\cdot)\wt\vt_0^2,\qq F_2=2\b\wt\vt_0\wt\vp_0,\qqq F_3=-\vt'(1,\cdot)\wt\vp_0^2,$$ where for shortness $\wt\vt_0=\wt\vt(0,z),\ \wt\vp_0=\wt\vp(0,z)$. Using estimates , , we obtain $$\begin{gathered} \lb{T31-4} F_1(z_n)=\vp(1,z_n)(1+O(n^{-1})),\qqq \qqq F_3(z_n)=O(n^{-4}) \\ F_2(z_n)=(-1)^n{(p_{sn}+O({1\/n}))\/\pi n} {(q_0-\wh q_{cn}+O({1\/n}))\/2(\pi n)^2}=f_n+O(n^{-4})\qq \as \ n\to \iy,\end{gathered}$$ where $f_n=(-1)^n{p_{sn}(q_0-\wh q_{cn})\/2(\pi n)^3}$. Combine these asymptotics and the identity $F(z_n)=0$ we get $$\vp(1,z_n)=-F_2(z_n)+O(n^{-4})=-f_n+O(n^{-4}).$$ Then, using $\vp(1,z_n)=\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)\d_n+O(n^{-4})$, where $z_n=\m_n+\d_n$, we obtain $$\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)\d_n=-f_n+O(n^{-4})$$ and the asymptotics $\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)={(-1)^n+O({1\/n})\/(\pi n)}$ give $$\d_n=-{f_n\/\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)}+O(n^{-3})=-{(\wh q_0-\wh q_{cn})p_{sn}+O({1\/n})\/2(\pi n)^2},$$ which yields . Denote by $\cN^+(r,f)$ the number of zeros of $f$ with real part $\geq 0$ having modulus $\leq r$, and by $\cN^-(r,f)$ the number of its zeros with real part $< 0$ having modulus $\leq r$, each zero being counted according to its multiplicity. We recall the well known result (see \[Koo\]). Let $\cN (r,f)$ be the total number of zeros of $f$ with modulus $\le r$. Denote by $\cN_+(r,f)$ (or $\cN_-(r,f)$) the number of zeros of $f$ with imaginary part $>0$ (or $<0$) having modulus $\le r$, each zero being counted according to its multiplicity. Let $s_0=0$ and $\pm s_n>0, n\in \N$ be all real zeros of $F$ and let $n_0$ be the multiplicity of the zero $s_0=0$. Define the entire function $F_1=z^{n_0}\lim_{r\to \iy}\prod_{0<s_n\le r}(1-{z^2\/ s_n^2})$. The Levinson Theorem and Lemma \[T21\] imply $$\cN(r,F)=\cN(r,F_1)+\cN(r,F/F_1)=2r{1+2t+o(1)\/\pi},\qq \cN(r,F_1)=2r{1+o(1)\/\pi},$$ $$\cN_-(r,F)=\cN_+(r,F)=\cN_-(r,\P_0^+)-N_0,$$ as $r\to\iy$, where $N_0$ is the number of non-positive eigenvalues of $H$. Thus $$2\cN_-(r,F)=2r{2t+o(1)\/\pi},$$ which yields . ii\) Using Lemma \[T34\] we obtain the statements ii) and iii). [**Proof of Theorem \[T3\].**]{} Let $z=e_n^\pm$. Identity and $k(e_n^\pm)=\pi n$ yield $$\lb{Jep} \P_0^-(z)=\P_0^+(z)=(-1)^Nw_+(z),\ \ \ w_+(z)=\F'(n_t,z)-{\b(z)\/\vp(1,z)}\F(n_t,z),\qq N=n_tn.$$ Estimates and $e_n^\pm=\pi n+\ve_n(p_0\pm |p_n|+O(\ve_n)), \ \ve_n={1\/2\pi n}$ (see ) give $$\F'(n_t,z)=(-1)^N+{O(1)\/n},\qq \F(n_t,z)={\sin n_tz\/\pi n}+{O(1)\/n^2}={O(1)\/n^2}.$$ Using , we obtain $$\sin e_n^\pm=(-1)^n\sin { \pm |p_n|+O({1\/n})\/2\pi n}=(-1)^n{ \pm|p_n|+O({1\/n})\/2\pi n},$$$$\vp(1,e_n^\pm)={\sin e_n^\pm\/\pi n}+{(-1)^np_{cn}\/2\pi^2n^2} +{O(1)\/n^3}= (-1)^n{\pm|p_n|+p_{cn}+O({1\/n})\/2\pi^2n^2}.$$ Then the estimate $\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-y\ge x$ for $y,x\ge 0$ gives $|p_n|\pm p_{cn}\ge |p_{sn}|$, which yields $$\lb{bdvp} {\b(e_n^+)\/\vp(1,e_n^+)}=\pi n{p_{sn}+O({1\/n})\/\pm|p_n|+p_{cn}+O({1\/n})}= O(\pi n),$$ since $|p_{sn}|\ge {1\/n^\a}$. Combining - and , we obtain $\P_0^+(e_n^\pm)=1+o(1)$. The function $\P_0^+(z)$ is analytic on $g_n^-$ and $\P_0^+(e_n^\pm)=1+o(1)$. Thus $\P_0^+(z)$ has not zeros on $g_n^-$, since by Theorem \[T2\], the function $F$ has exactly 1 zero on each $\ol g_n\ne \es$ at large $n>1$. Let $\m_n+i0\in g_n^+$ be a bound state of $H_0$ for some $n$ large enough. Then Lemma \[Tm\] implies $h_{sn}>0$. Moreover, gives $h_{sn}=-{p_{sn}+O({1\/n})\/2\pi n}$ as $n\to \iy$. Thus $p_{sn}<-{1\/n^\a}$ at large $n>1$ and asymptotics gives that the bound state $z_n>\m_n$ if $q_0>0$ and $z_n<\m_n$ if $q_0<0$. The proof of other cases is similar. [**Proof of Theorem \[T4\].**]{} i) Using the identities and we obtain $$\lb{iii} \P_0^+=Y_1+{i\sin k\/\vp_1}\wt \vp(z_n),\qq Y_1=\wt \vt(z_n)+{\b\/\vp_1}\wt \vp(z_n).$$ Note that gives $\b(\m_n)=0$. Then asymptotics , , imply $${\b(z_n)\/\vp(1,z_n)}={\b'(\m_n)+O({\ve_n^3})\/\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)+O({\ve_n^3})} =o(1)\qqq \as \qq n\to \iy,\qqq \ve_n={1\/2\pi n}$$ where we used asymptotics $\pa_z\vp(1,\m_n)={(-1)^n+O({\ve_n})\/(\pi n)}$ and $\b'(\m_n)={o(1)\/n}$. Thus , give $$Y_1=1+O(\ve_n), \qqq \wt\vp(0,z_n)=2\ve_n^2(b_n+O(\ve_n)), \qqq b_n=q_0-\wh q_{cn} $$ Below we need the identities and the asymptotics as $n\to \iy$ from [@KK]: $$\lb{35} (-1)^{n+1}i\sin k(z)=\sinh v(z)=\pm |\D^2(z)-1|^{1\/2}>0\qq \ all \qq z\in g_n^\pm,$$ $$\lb{pav} v(z)=\pm |(z-e_n^-)(e_n^+-z)|^{1\/2}(1+O(n^{-2})),\qq \sinh v(z)=v(z)(1+O(|g_n|^2),\qq z\in \ol g_n^\pm.$$ We rewrite the equation $\P_0^+=0$ in the form $\vp_1Y_1=-i\sin k\wt \vp(z_n)$ Then we obtain $$2\d \ve_n(1+O(\ve_n))=v(z)2\ve_n^2(b_n+O(\ve_n))=\sqrt{\d(|g_n|-\d)}2\ve_n^2(b_n+O(\ve_n)),$$ $$\sqrt \d =\ve_n\sqrt{|g_n|-\d}(b_n+O(\ve_n)), \qqq \d=z_n-\m_n,$$ where $\sqrt \d>0$ if $b_n>0$ and $\sqrt \d<0$ if $b_n<0$. Then last asymptotics imply $\d =\ve_n^2|g_n|(b_n+O(\ve_n))^2$, where $b_n=q_0-\wh q_{cn}, \ve_n={1\/2\pi n}$, which yields . ii\) Let $q\in \cQ_t, q_0=0$ and let each $|\wh q_{cn}|>n^{-\a}$ for some $\a\in (0,1)$ and for $n$ large enough. The proof of other cases is similar. Then using the inverse spectral theory from [@K5], see page 3, for any sequence $\vk=(\vk_n)_1^\iy\in \ell^2, \vk_n\ge 0$ there exists a potential $p\in L^2(0,1)$ such that each gap length $|\g_n|=\vk_n, n\ge 1$ for $n$ large enough. Moreover, for $n$ large enough we can the gap in the form $\g_n=(E_n^-,E_n^+)$, where $\m_n^2=E_n^-$ or $\m_n^2=E_n^+$. In order to choose $\m_n^2=E_n^-$ or $\m_n^2=E_n^+$ we do the following. For any sequence $\s=(\s_n)_{1}^\iy$, where $\s_n\in \{0,1\}$, using Theorem \[T3\] (i) we obtain: If $\s_n=1$ and $\wh q_{cn}<-n^{-\a}$ (or $\wh q_{cn}>n^{-\a}$), then taking $\m_n^2=E_n^-$ (or $\m_n^2=E_n^+$) we deduce that $\l_n$ is an eigenvalue for $n$ large enough. If $\s_n=0$ and $\wh q_{cn}>n^{-\a}$ (or $\wh q_{cn}<-n^{-\a}$), then taking $\m_n^2=E_n^-$ (or $\m_n^2=E_n^+$) we deduce that $\l_n$ is an antibound state for $n$ large enough. iii\) Let $p\in L^2(0,1)$ such that $\g_n=(E_n^-,E_n^+)$, where $\m_n^2=E_n^-$ or $\m_n^2=E_n^+$ for $n\in \N_0$ large enough. Let $\s=(\s_n)_{1}^\iy$ be any sequence, where $\s_n\in \{0,1\}$. We take $\wh |q_{cn}|>n^{-\a}$ for $n\in \N_0$ large enough. We need to choose the sign of $q_{cn}$. Using Theorem \[T3\] (i) we take the sign of $q_{cn}$ by If $\s_n=0$ and $\l_n^0=E_n^-$ (or $\l_n^0=E_n^+$), then taking $\wh q_{cn}>n^{-\a}$ (or $\wh q_{cn}<-n^{-\a}$) we deduce that $\l_n$ is an antibound state. If $\s_n=1$ and $\l_n^0=E_n^-$ (or $\l_n^0=E_n^-$), then taking $\wh q_{cn}<-n^{-\a}$ (or $\wh q_{cn}>n^{-\a}$) we deduce that $\l_n$ is an eigenvalue. Let $\#_{bs}(H,\O)$ (or $\#_{abs}(H,\O)$) be the total number of bound states (or anti bound states) of $H$ on the segment $\O\ss \g_n^{(1)}$ (or $\O\ss \g_n^{(2)}$) for some $n\ge 0$. Here each state being counted according to its multiplicity. Recall that $H_\t=H_0+q_\t$, where $q_\t=q({x\/\t})$ and $\t\to \iy$. Let $\O=[E_1,E_2]\ss \ol \g_n^{(1)}$ for some $n\ge 0$. Then using the result of Sobolev [@So] with a modification of Schmidt [@Sc] we obtain $$\lb{asbs} \#_{bs}(H_\t,\O)={\t}\int_0^\iy \rt(\r(E_2-q(x))-\r(E_2-q(x))\rt)dx+o(\t)\qq \as \qq \t\to \iy.$$ Theorem \[T2\] (iii) implies $\#_{abs}(H_\t,\O^{(2)})\ge 1+\#_{bs}(H_\t,\O)$, which together with yield . The research was partially supported by EPSRC grant EP/D054621. The various parts of this paper were written at ESI, Vienna, Université de Gen$\grave{\rm e}$ve, Section de Mathematiques and Mathematical Institute of the Tsukuba Univ., Japan. The author is grateful to the Institutes for the hospitality. The author would like also to thank A. Sobolev (London) and K. Schmidt (Cardiff) for useful discussions about the asymptotics associated with Corollary \[T5\]. [99999]{} Brown, B.; Knowles, I.; Weikard, R. On the inverse resonance problem, J. London Math. Soc. (2) 68 (2003), no. 2, 383–401. Brown, B.; Weikard, R. The inverse resonance problem for perturbations of algebro-geometric potentials. Inverse Problems 20 (2004), no. 2, 481–494. Christiansen, T. Resonances for steplike potentials: forward and inverse results. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 358 (2006), no. 5, 2071–2089. Coddington, E.; Levinson, N. Theory of ordinary differential equations. New York, Toronto, London: McGraw-Hill 1955. Eastham M. The spectral theory of periodic differential equations. Scottich Academic Press, Edinburg, 1973. Firsova, N. Resonances of the perturbed Hill operator with exponentially decreasing extrinsic potential. Mat. Zametki 36 (1984), 711–724. Firsova, N. 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(Russian) 1967 Problems of Mathematical Physics, No. 2, Spectral Theory, Diffraction Problems pp. 108–123. Zheludev, V. A. The perturbation of the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator with a complex-valued periodic potential. (Russian) Problems of mathematical physics, Spectral theory 3(1968), 31–48. Zheludev, V. The spectrum of Schrödinger’s operator, with a periodic potential, defined on the half-axis. Works of Dep. of Math. Analysis of Kaliningrad State University (1969) (Russian), pp. 18–37. | Mid | [
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Check Citigroup share price Citigroup has reported another big loss, although it lost less money than had been expected. The biggest US bank by assets lost $2.5bn (£1.3bn) in the three months to the end of June, weighed down by another $11.7bn of write-downs. Citigroup said it had cut 11,000 jobs in the first six months of the year and planned to continue at the same rate. The company's shares rose 7.7% to close at $19.35, following the smaller-than-expected losses. It is Citigroup's third consecutive quarter of losses, following shortfalls of $5.11bn and $9.83bn. Credit losses The losses spring from problems in the credit markets because of uncertainty about the value of mortgage-backed debt issued by US banks. It has left banks worldwide reluctant to lend money to each other, because they are uncertain about whether the other banks are creditworthy and whether they will need the money themselves. The credit market turmoil has forced the industry to axe thousands of jobs as it attempts to reduce costs, with more cutbacks expected in the year ahead. Chief executive Vikram Pandit said: "While there is still much to do, we are encouraged by our progress." An element of bad news in the three-month results is that Citigroup's credit costs have jumped to $7.2bn, as more of its own customers are defaulting on their loans. That means that while the losses from mortgage-backed debt may be slowing, the losses from Citigroup's own mortgages, car loans and credit cards are growing. But some analysts believe there could be light at the end of the tunnel. "While several global or major national banks delivered lousy earnings, the mortgage or credit market related write-offs weren't nearly as bad as expected and appear to be lessening," said Fred Dickson, an analyst at DA Davidson & Co. E-mail this to a friend Printable version Bookmark with: Delicious Digg reddit Facebook StumbleUpon What are these? | Mid | [
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Tyler Perry Criticized for HIV Message in Temptation According to www.BET.com, mainstream critics have always been fairly harsh on Tyler Perry‘s films, but none have been attacked quite as venomously as Tyler Perry’s Temptation. The morality tale, about a good Christian woman (Jurnee Smollett-Bell) who strays from her simple-minded husband to be with a “devil”-like Lothario and contracts HIV as a tragic result, is receiving the usual negative attention for its directing, acting and dialogue, but some critics and bloggers are going so far as calling Perry “reprehensible” for implying that the disease is a necessary consequence of infidelity. “Perry has done a lot for the visibility of Black voices in popular culture,” admits Jezebel, but it is “amazed at how efficiently Perry was able to roll back discourse, human rights, the basics of consent, and storytelling itself in just one sh—y movie.” The site adds, “the world should demand better than Tyler Perry.” The Grio calls the film “entirely too insulting,” adding that Perry “vilifies and punishes women with any speck of ambition, education or sexual desire.” “In Tyler Perry’s world, people living with HIV are doomed to live a life of lovelessness and solitude,” the review continues. Buzzfeed rants, “whether or not one condones cheating on a spouse, the implication that a person deserves HIV is horrifying,” while Mike Ryan of The Huffington Post writes, “either Perry believes that if you cheat on your partner, you deserve a terrible disease or he believes that the people he hopes will pay money to seeTyler Perry’s Temptation believe that if you cheat on your spouse, you deserve a terrible disease.” He concludes, “I can’t decide which is worse.” The controversy over Temptation doesn’t seem to have hurt its box office, but Perry did succeed in getting people to talk about something other than Kim Kardashian‘s performance. I think the film is amazing! Check it out for your self in theaters now! | Low | [
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// Copyright 2018 The Cockroach Authors. // // Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License // included in the file licenses/BSL.txt. // // As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with // the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed // by the Apache License, Version 2.0, included in the file // licenses/APL.txt. package pretty_test import ( "fmt" "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/pretty" ) // Example_align demonstrates alignment. func Example_align() { testData := []pretty.Doc{ pretty.JoinGroupAligned("SELECT", ",", pretty.Text("aaa"), pretty.Text("bbb"), pretty.Text("ccc")), pretty.Table(pretty.TableRightAlignFirstColumn, pretty.Text, pretty.TableRow{Label: "SELECT", Doc: pretty.Join(",", pretty.Text("aaa"), pretty.Text("bbb"), pretty.Text("ccc")), }, pretty.TableRow{Label: "FROM", Doc: pretty.Join(",", pretty.Text("t"), pretty.Text("u"), pretty.Text("v")), }), pretty.Table(pretty.TableLeftAlignFirstColumn, pretty.Text, pretty.TableRow{Label: "SELECT", Doc: pretty.Join(",", pretty.Text("aaa"), pretty.Text("bbb"), pretty.Text("ccc")), }, pretty.TableRow{Label: "FROM", Doc: pretty.Join(",", pretty.Text("t"), pretty.Text("u"), pretty.Text("v")), }), pretty.Table(pretty.TableRightAlignFirstColumn, pretty.Text, pretty.TableRow{Label: "woo", Doc: nil}, // check nil rows are omitted pretty.TableRow{Label: "", Doc: pretty.Nil}, pretty.TableRow{Label: "KEY", Doc: pretty.Text("VALUE")}, pretty.TableRow{Label: "", Doc: pretty.Text("OTHERVALUE")}, pretty.TableRow{Label: "AAA", Doc: pretty.Nil}, // check no extra space is added ), } for _, n := range []int{1, 15, 30, 80} { fmt.Printf("%d:\n", n) for _, doc := range testData { p := pretty.Pretty(doc, n, true /*useTabs*/, 4 /*tabWidth*/, nil /*keywordTransform*/) fmt.Printf("%s\n\n", p) } } // Output: // 1: // SELECT // aaa, // bbb, // ccc // // SELECT // aaa, // bbb, // ccc // FROM // t, // u, // v // // SELECT // aaa, // bbb, // ccc // FROM // t, // u, // v // // KEY // VALUE // OTHERVALUE // AAA // // 15: // SELECT aaa, // bbb, // ccc // // SELECT aaa, // bbb, // ccc // FROM t, u, v // // SELECT aaa, // bbb, // ccc // FROM t, u, v // // KEY VALUE // OTHERVALUE // AAA // // 30: // SELECT aaa, bbb, ccc // // SELECT aaa, bbb, ccc // FROM t, u, v // // SELECT aaa, bbb, ccc // FROM t, u, v // // KEY VALUE OTHERVALUE AAA // // 80: // SELECT aaa, bbb, ccc // // SELECT aaa, bbb, ccc FROM t, u, v // // SELECT aaa, bbb, ccc FROM t, u, v // // KEY VALUE OTHERVALUE AAA } // ExampleTree demonstrates the Tree example from the paper. func Example_tree() { type Tree struct { s string n []Tree op string } tree := Tree{ s: "aaa", n: []Tree{ { s: "bbbbb", n: []Tree{ {s: "ccc"}, {s: "dd"}, {s: "ee", op: "*", n: []Tree{ {s: "some"}, {s: "another", n: []Tree{{s: "2a"}, {s: "2b"}}}, {s: "final"}, }}, }, }, {s: "eee"}, { s: "ffff", n: []Tree{ {s: "gg"}, {s: "hhh"}, {s: "ii"}, }, }, }, } var ( showTree func(Tree) pretty.Doc showTrees func([]Tree) pretty.Doc showBracket func([]Tree) pretty.Doc ) showTrees = func(ts []Tree) pretty.Doc { if len(ts) == 1 { return showTree(ts[0]) } return pretty.Fold(pretty.Concat, showTree(ts[0]), pretty.Text(","), pretty.Line, showTrees(ts[1:]), ) } showBracket = func(ts []Tree) pretty.Doc { if len(ts) == 0 { return pretty.Nil } return pretty.Fold(pretty.Concat, pretty.Text("["), pretty.NestT(showTrees(ts)), pretty.Text("]"), ) } showTree = func(t Tree) pretty.Doc { var doc pretty.Doc if t.op != "" { var operands []pretty.Doc for _, o := range t.n { operands = append(operands, showTree(o)) } doc = pretty.Fold(pretty.Concat, pretty.Text("("), pretty.JoinNestedRight( pretty.Text(t.op), operands...), pretty.Text(")"), ) } else { doc = showBracket(t.n) } return pretty.Group(pretty.Concat( pretty.Text(t.s), pretty.NestS(int16(len(t.s)), doc), )) } for _, n := range []int{1, 30, 80} { p := pretty.Pretty(showTree(tree), n, false /*useTabs*/, 4 /*tabWidth*/, nil /*keywordTransform*/) fmt.Printf("%d:\n%s\n\n", n, p) } // Output: // 1: // aaa[bbbbb[ccc, // dd, // ee(some // * another[2a, // 2b] // * final)], // eee, // ffff[gg, // hhh, // ii]] // // 30: // aaa[bbbbb[ccc, // dd, // ee(some // * another[2a, // 2b] // * final)], // eee, // ffff[gg, hhh, ii]] // // 80: // aaa[bbbbb[ccc, dd, ee(some * another[2a, 2b] * final)], eee, ffff[gg, hhh, ii]] } | Mid | [
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While the advent of the Galaxy II provided a boost for that organization, a broader benefit of the USL’s growth has been the expanded playing opportunities now available for the top young players in the United States and Canada. The U.S. U20 National Team currently preparing for the FIFA U20 World Cup in South Korea, which kicks off on Saturday, includes nine players who have seen action in the USL, while the U17 National Team that advanced to the FIFA U17 World Cup later this year in India included five players who have competed in the league. Add in the number of Canadian U20 players competing consistently in the league, as well as top Academy players across both countries, and the framework the USL offers for the sport as a whole is evident. “If we have the right development ladder, we’re going to see players from all parts of the country – from our academy programs to your national youth team programs – eventually be elevated to the senior national team,” said Arena. “We see now there are great opportunities, and a great platform for all of our young players. It speaks volumes of the development of the USL, the academy programs in Major League Soccer, and for Major League Soccer as well.” With North American soccer officials now looking at where the sport could move into the next decade, there’s certainly a very bright future ahead. “I think we’re making great progress with the sport in our country, and we’re excited about perhaps hosting a World Cup again in 2026,” said Arena. “The sport in our country has grown tremendously, and we should be real proud of where we are in 2017.” | High | [
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Ayurveda, the science of life is the world’s most ancient and unique system of medicine.The word Ayurveda is composed of two Sanskrit terms - Ayu meaning life and Veda meaning knowledge. 'Ayurveda' means the knowledge of life. It is most treasured gift of India to the world. Ayurveda is the most eco-friendly system of treatment with no side effects and relies completely on herbs and natural substances to heal. The basic concept of Ayurveda is based on Trido-shas, Vata, Pitta and Kapha, the equilibrium of which maintains health. Ayurveda treats the person as a whole rather than the disease. It maintains a healthy living in a perfect harmony with the inner self, mind, body and nature. The emphasis of Ayurveda is “to maintain a better life in a State of perfect health”. Our physician makes a thorough analysis of your body constitution to prescribe a personal Panchakarma treatment. It is a holistic natural therapy to prevent diseases, arrest premature ageing and Regain good health. Recent studies worldwide reveal that a 3000 year old Traditional health care system existing in Kerala called Ayurveda is the best remedy to facilitate the harmony of the Mind, Body and Soul. Migraines, spondilitis and rheumatism, leukemia, paralysis and insanity - Ayurveda has a solution for everything.A system developed by the sages who were eminent Scholars and hard-core researchers, Ayurveda is the answer to a prayer for a healthy and peaceful life. The Natural way to sound health. Natural way is a smooth transition. It is harmless usually in eventful;First aim of Ayurveda is to keep the health of healthy. The 8 Branches of Ayurveda * Kayachikitsa (General Medicine) Describes ailments of adults is not treated by other branches of Ayurveda. Hence it is known as general medicine.* Balachikitsa (Paediatrics) This branch deals with the prenatal and postnatal baby care as well as the care of a woman before and during pregnancy. It also elaborates various diseases of children and their treatments. *Graha Chikitsa (Psychiatry) The study of mental diseases and their treatments. Treatment methods include not only medicines and diet but also yogic methods for improving psychic power. * Salakya Chikitsa (Eye Diseases, ENT and Cephalic Diseases) This branch deals with the diseases of ear, nose, throat and head and their treatments including special techniques for curing these diseases. *Salya Chikitsa (Surgery) Maharishi 'Sushrutha' is the first surgeon who is also the author of Salya Chikitsa, the foremost speciality of Ayurveda. He describes various surgical operations using different surgical instruments and devices. * Agada Tantram (Toxicology) This branch deals with the toxins from vegetables, minerals and also toxins from animal origins. The concept of pollution of air and water in certain places and seasons has been given special consideration. Such pollution is also said to be the cause of various epidemics*Rasayana (Rejuvenation Therapy) This branch which is unique to Ayurveda, deals with prevention of diseases and promotion of a long and healthy life. It also advises how to increase our health, intellect and beauty. * Vajeekarana (Aphrodisiac treatment) This branch deals with the means of increasing sexual vitality and efficiency. Besides these 8 branches, Ayurveda also brings diseases affecting plants and animals into its ambit of consideration. * Vrukshayurvedam It deals with the diseases of the plant kingdom and their treatments (known as Agriculture). * Mrugayurvedam This Science deals with the diseases of animals and their treatments (known as Veterinary Science) Treatments in Ayurveda Ayurveda has been practised for thousands of years in India. In ancient times Rishis were involved in making medicine and treating people. Several researches and studies have been undertaken in this field of medicine. Today, these treatments are very popular all over the world. Shodhanam: Various therapeutic procedures are followed to facilitate elimination of harmful factors:Vamanam (emesis therapy), Virechanam (purgation therapy), Nasyam (nasal medication), Vaste (enema therapy), Raktamoksham (blood-letting therapy). Pre-treatments for panchakarma: The panchakarma pre-treatment includes three different processes: Thalam, Snehanam, swedanam. Thalam: Before any external treatment thalam has to be performed. In this treatment, a special mixture of herbal powder and medicated oil is applied on the upper portion of the head and allowed to remain for 20 to 45 minutes.This treatment helps in conditions associated with ENT, insomnia and migraine. Snehanam: This is a process of oleation . The medicated oil may be applied externally on the body or given orally. Swedanam: Swedanam, or the sweating treatment is carried out through various procedures. Prime Treatments in Ayurveda Pizhichil : In this treatment, lukewarm herbal oils are applied all over the body by two to four trained masseurs in a special rhythmic way for about 60 to 90 minutes per day for a period of 7 to 21 days. This treatment is very useful for Rheumatic diseases like arthritis, paralysis, hemiplegia, paralysis-agitanus, sexual weakness, nervous weakness and nervous disorders etc. Njavarakizhi : It is a process by which the whole body or any specific part thereof is made to perspire by the application of certain medical puddings externally in the form of boluses tied up in a muslin bag. This is applied by two to four masseurs for about 60 to 90 minutes per day for a period of 14 days. This treatment is for all types rheumatism, pain in the joints, emaciation of limbs, blood pressure, cholesterol and certain kinds of skin diseases. Dhara : In this process, some herbal oils, medicated milk, medicated butter, milk etc., are poured on the forehead in a special method for about 45 minutes in a day for a period of 7 to 21 days. This treatment is mainly for insomnia, vatha predominated diseases, mental tension and certain skin diseases. Vasthi : Certain herbal oils, herbal extracts etc., are applied through the rectum daily for a period of 5 to 25 days. This treatment is for arthritis, paralysis, hemiplegia, numbness, gastric complaints associated with rheumatism and constant constipation. Sirovasthi : Certain lukewarm herbal oils are poured into a cap fitted on the head for 15 to 60 minutes per day according to the patient’s conditions for a period of 7 days. This treatment is highly effective for facial paralysis, dryness of nostrils, mouth and throat, severe headaches, burning sensation of head and other vatha originated diseases.Benefits:- Anxiety, Depression, Epilepsy, Hypertension, Diabetic Neuropathy, Central Nervous System, Hemiplegia Paraplegia, Strengthens the sensory organs, Insomnia, Pre-mature graying of the hair & hair losso Mental retardation, Paralysis, Stress Udvarthanam : This is a typical massage with herbal powders for about 30 minutes daily for a period of 14 to 28 days. This treatment is for the diseases like hemiplegia, paralysis, obesity (excess fat) and certain rheumatic ailments. Abhyangam : Special type of oil massage in which strokes are given according to the diseases for 45 minutes per day for 14 days. This treatment is very useful for obesity, especially for diabetic Gangrene (a condition due to lack of blood circulation in the extremes of the body) etc.Nasyam : Herbal juices, medicated oils etc., are applied through nose for 7 to 14 days. This treatment is highly effective for certain kinds of headaches, paralysis, mental disorders, certain types of skin diseases etc. Snehapanam : Medicated ghee is given internally in a proportionally increased quantity for a period of 8 to 12 days. This treatment is for osteo arthritis, sporaris, leukaemia etc. Kizhi : Herbal leaves and herbs or herbal powders are applied to the whole body in boluses with hot medicated oils for 45 minutes per day for a period of 7 to 14 days. This treatment is for osteo arthritis, arthritis with swelling, spondilosis, sports injuries etc. Dhanyamala Dhara : Warm herbal liquid is poured all over the body in a rhythmic way through a special vessel for 45 minutes to 1 hour daily. This treatment is very effective for hemiplegia, paralysis, rheumatic complaints etc. Yoni Prakshalanam : Herbal oils and decoctions are applied through the vaginal route. This treatment is good for gynaecological disorders. It is also a purification process for genital organs. Kativasthi : In this process specially prepared warm medicated oil is kept over the lower back with herbal paste boundary. This treatment lasts for 45 minutes to 1 hour and it is good for any type of back pain and spinal disorders. Urovasthi : Warm medicated oil is kept over the chest for 45 minutes. This is an effective treatment for asthma, other respiratory problems, heart diseases and muscular chest pain. Ksheeradhoomam : This is fomentation with medicated cow milk. This treatment is good for facial paralysis, Bell’s palsy, speech disorders and other nervous disorders of the face Njavarakizhi : Njavara kizhi is one of the most important among our special treatments. Here, the whole body is made to perspire by the application of certain medicated rice puddings externally in the form of boluses tied up in a muslin bag. 'Njavara' is name of the special nourishing rice we use for Niavarakizhi. This method of treatment has been prevalent in Kerala from time immemorial. The patient is made to lie down on the table in a comfortable position. External oleation is done before starting the rice pudding treatment. The rice pudding boluses are dipped in medicated warm milk and then applied to the body. The temperature will vary depending on the tolerance capacity of the person and is done in seven different postures. Again, there will be an oil application after the main treatment. This treatment makes the body supple and removes stiffness. It is highly beneficial in emaciation of limbs, rheumatism and joint pains. It clears the obstructions, improves blood circulation, removes waste from the body, improves complexion and restores vigor. It prevents excessive sleep while promoting sound sleep. It makes entire body strong, sturdy and well developed. It sharpens the senses and it slows down the ageing process. Podikizhi : "Podi" means "Powder" and "kizhi" means "pouch".In this treatment, the patient has to lie in a comfortable position. External oleation is done before starting. A pouch with herbal powder is dipped in medicated oil and then applied to the body. The temperature will vary depending on the tolerance of the person. The main treatment is followed by an oil application. Dhanyakizhi : "Dhanyam" means "Grains" and "kizhi" means "pouch."This particular treatment drives away the stiffness of the body. Here the patient is made to lie in a comfortable position. External oleation is done before starting the treatment. A pouch with processed grains is then dipped in medicated oil and applied to the body. Again, there will be an oil application after the main treatment.Narangakizhi : "Naranga" means "lemon" and "kizhi" means, "pouch".The person has to lie down in a comfortable position. External oleation is done before starting the treatment. A cloth pouch with lemon and herbs is dipped in medicated oils and then applied on the body. Elakizhi :-'Ela' means 'leaves' 'Kizhi' means 'pouch'After the external oleation, the person has to lie down in a comfortable position. The pouch with leaves and herbs will be dipped in the medicated oil and then it will be applied on the body. The temperature will vary depending up on the tolerance capacity of the person. Again there will be an oil application after the main treatment.Benefits:- Paralytic strokes, Anti-aging & rejuvenating, Strengthens tissues, Body ache, Emaciation, Debility Monoplegia, Osteo Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ayurveda offers two kinds of programs, Rejuvenative & Therapeutic The Rejuvenation programs in Ayurveda are designed to improve your vitality enhances immunity and increase longevity. They include rhythmic massages that relax each tendon, medicated bath that revitalize every nerve and diets that restore you sound health. Therapeutic ProgramsAyurveda recognizes you as an individual with a unique body constitution and mental make up which is why the physician will design an exclusive package for you. Even minor therapeutic treatments will be done only on his advice. He will personally supervise every step of it during body massages and other health care programs. Women will have service of female’s massagers. Role of Taste In Ayurveda It is as important to realise that every food's unique combination of attributes will influence its taste and the action it causes in the body. With every taste having a different action – as detailed below. Astanga Hrdayam clearly describes the characteristics of each of the six tastes and problems that might be experienced from its habitual over-consumption. Most foods being a combination of two or more of these tastes e.g. coffee is bitter and pungent. Sour Comprised of the elements earth & fire, it increases pitta and kapha and is good for heart and digestion. Stimulates agni, moves inactive Vata energy down the pelvic cavity, sets the teeth on edge and increases salivation. Excess use may cause looseness and flabbiness, loss of strength, giddiness, itching, irritation, a whitish yellow pallor, herpetiform lesions, swelling thirsts and fever, and diseases arising from excess pitta and kapha.Sweet Related to earth & water, it mitigates pitta and vata, producing greater strength in the tissues and of value to the aged, wounded, emaciated and children. Universally liked, it often adheres to the inside of the mouth, giving a feeling of pleasure, contentment and comfort. Good for the complexion, hair, senses and ojas, it also increases breast milk and helps unite broke parts like bones. By its virtue it prolongs life and helps life activities. In excess however it may cause diseases arising from fat and excess kapha e.g. obesity, dyspepsia, unconsciousness, diabetes, enlargement of neck glands or malignant tumors.Salt The water & fire in salty taste increases pitta and kapha. It clears obstruction of channels and pores and increases the digestive activity and salivation. Also responsible for lubrication and sweating, it penetrates the tissues. An excess of it may cause baldness and graying of the hair, wrinkles, thirst, skin diseases, blood disorders, herpetiform leisons and loss of body strengthPungent Fire & air in pungent increases vata and pitta and mitigates kapha. Increases hunger, is digestive, causes irritation, brings secretion from the eyes, nose & mouth, and gives a burning sensation to the mouth. Dilating the channels and breaking up the hard masses. But an excess use of it may cause thirst, depletion of reproductive tissue and strength, fainting, contracture, tremors, pain in the waist and back, and other disorders related to excess of pitta and kapha.Bitter Air & space being its elements, it mitigates pitta and kapha. Drying up moisture from fat, muscles, faeces and urine. It cleans the mouth and destroys the perception of taste. It is said to cure anorexia, worms, bacteria, parasites, thirst, skin diseases, loss of consciousness, fever, nausea, burning sensation. But in excess, it increases vata, causing diseases of vata origin and depletion of tissues.Astringent Air & earth increases vata and mitigates increased pitta and kapha. It cleans the blood and causes healing of ulcers. Like bitter, it too dries up moisture from fat. It absorbs water, causing constipation and hindering digestion of undigested food. Its excess use causes stasis of food without digestion, flatulance, pain in the cardiac region, emaciation, loss of virility, obstruction of channels and constipation. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ALL PACKAGES • Ayurvedic system of treatment is strictly personalized; the exact treatment and medicines can be fixed only after detailed consultation with the doctor. • The treatment which is given along with the packages may vary according to the condition and body constitution of the patients. • Short duration treatments for minor ailments like back pain, muscular pain, etc. with herbal steam bath, spinal bath and therapeutic massages will be provided only on the advice of the physician. • Women will have female masseurs for body massage and other health programs. • Some of the programs are not suitable for the very aged, very young (under 7) infirm, heart patients and pregnant women. • If you have a previous medical history of heart disease, high blood pressure & blood sugar, chronic skin disease or asthma, please inform your physician in advance and bring the medical records. Why we choose Kerala? Abundance of deep green forests packed with herbs and medicinal plants have made Ayurvedic preparations from Kerala the most sought after all round the Globe. In Kerala, the rains come with humidity. This makes the pores in our skin open out to the maximum, thereby, making it more receptive to the herbal oils &therapy This treatment includes detoxification and rejuvenation of body by herbal medicines, which nourishes the body tissues. This therapy slows down the aging process; recommended for age group between 16 to 70. Major benefits of this treatment are prolonged lifespan, great memory, Intelligence, perfect health, youthfulness, bright complexion and color, physical endurance, strange endurance, strong sense organs, perfection in speech sexual power and brilliance. From the perspective of Ayurveda, losing weight is not about starving you or suppressing the appetite. It is about balancing ones fat metabolism. You don't have to starve yourself or exercise until you drop. Balance is the key and with a therapy which is tailor made to suite your constitution. Treatment includes body massage by special herbal powder and internal herbal medicine. There can be a possible weight reduction of around eight kilograms in three weeks. The massages include. The treatment will include some or all of the following as required. Udvarthanam: Massage with special herbal powder. This is especially done for depleting the fat and strengthening the muscles and very effective for obesity. Elakizhi: One of the most relaxing and refreshing massages that you can enjoy. This is the massage using fresh herbs cooked in Ayurvedic oils and packed into bags and applied over the body by experts. Very good for lubricating the joints and relieves joint pain especially backache. Cleanses the channels of circulation and expels toxins through the sweat. Abhayangam: This massage is for proper blood circulation of the body and relaxation of mind. Experts massage Luke warm herbal oil on the head and body in the traditional Kerala Style. A healthy spine keeps a man forever young. Sedentary life styles and jobs of this era cause spinal problems. Spine being a vital structure in our body problems related to the spine like neck pain, low back pain, spondylitis, sciatica, etc are to be treated with extreme care. Ayurveda aims at treating the root cause of the problem rather than symptomatic treatment. Treatments start with a diagnostic procedure to differentiate local and systematic pathology and are followed by traditional ayurvedic massages with special herbs (elakkizhi), nasal drops, (nasyam) Medicated steam and spinal baths (kadivasthy) and internal medications. Treatment packages can be from 7 to 14 days durations. It prevents degenerations of the spine and cartilage is reduced corrects, IVDP, muscular stiffness of the back, strengthens of the back muscles. Prevents the constipations and reduces the pain in the back. It reduces the calcifications of the bones reduce the wasting of back muscles. Reduces the wastage of muscle and bones, increase the circulation of the body, tones up muscle system. Normalize the nervous function. Improves the alimentary tracts. Improves the vitality of individual. Strengthens the body muscles. According to Ayurveda, beauty is not just limited to attractive physical features or a slim and trim body figure but it also includes a healthy mental and spiritual state. This inner beauty is necessary, if the outer appearance is to be preserved. Ayurveda explains about seven functional units called Dhathu or Tissue. The tissue which most often needs rejuvenation is the the largest od all our organs, the skin. The derivative of these seven tissues is called 'Ojas', the essence. It is Ojas that bestows glow and that special aura of inner vitality, without which even the most flawless countenance looks lifeless. To achieve purity of Ojas, functioning capacity of the seven tissues has to be enhanced. Our Soundarya programme emphasises this. Herbal-based facial scrubs and lotions are selected according to the dosha predominance. These rejuvenate the cells and remove wrinkles. Rejuvenative herbal preparations are used to re-animate the skin with regular massage. Key therapies: 'Udwarthanam with special powders, Uzhichil with special oils, Mukhalepam - face pack with special herbs, Thechukuli-Special decoction baths ,Njavara theppu - rice-pudding application. Flower baths with floral oils are also included in this programme SLIMMING PROGRAMME- Thaulyakna Chikilsa. 21 to 28 Days. Diet pills lower the body's fat set points by speeding up the organism, making both body and brain work faster. This increases Vata, which makes both body and mind crave for more sweets to balance. Ayurveda believes in speeding up organism in healthy natural ways, with treatments to increase fat metabolism, exercise, herb-based diet supplements and the use of light non-kapha producing foods, which control vata while relieving the system of excess kapha. In Kalari Kovilakam, there is a programme for 28 days including yoga, which assures you of genuine metabolic change. It is a proven fact that the mind plays an important role in governing not just the actions we take, but their qualitative nature, ie, how well or badly we act. Anything which manipulates the mind will thus reflect on the body. People facing a lot of stress from their hectic lives thus end up with not only mental, but a host of physical problems too, usually called 'lifestyle diseases'. Ayurveda, combined with Yoga offers the perfect answer for this. At Kalari Kovilakam, we've developed a special 7 to 14 days programme called 'Manasanthy', based on these two ancient ststems of wellness. Key therapies: the classical treatments like Uzhichil, Sirodhara, Sirovasthy, Nasyam, Kateevasthy, Nj avarakizhi, Sarvanga dhara, Pichu, Thalam, Thalapothichil etc. are provided in its authentic form. All these are supported by special Yoga therapies, herbal medicines and herbal teas according to the constitution. This programme is beneficial for those who are physically and mentally stressed, and/or suffer from conditions like insomnia, lack of concentration, fatigue, tension headaches and so on. It's also good for those who travel a lot, late night workers, I.T. professionals and computer users in general. | High | [
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The present invention is directed to a friction applying assembly for a panel movable from a first position to a second position. The friction applying assembly is particularly useful in connection with a counter panel for a household refrigerator including a fresh food compartment having access thereto through a main fresh food door. It is advantageous in household refrigerators to have a separate small exterior panel on the main door of the fresh food compartment that will fold down and be a work surface such as a small counter for preparing drinks or snacks. In such an arrangement it is desirable to have the hinge supports for such a counter panel exert a constant uniform friction so that the door will not fly open when unlatched and slam down during the movement of the panel from its closed position to a horizontal open position. It is therefore desirable in a movable panel such as a small exterior counter panel on the main door of a fresh food compartment of a refrigerator to have a constant uniform friction applied to the hinge assembly for opening and closing the panel. One problem in connection with a friction applying assembly is that after a period of time and extended usage of the assembly the amount of friction will decrease and the desirable qualities of the friction applying assembly are no longer functional. By this invention there is provided a friction applying assembly for a panel movable from a first position to a second position that will apply a constant uniform friction to the mechanism and that constant uniform friction will remain functional during the extended use of the assembly. | High | [
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On January 29, Singapore-based digital asset platform Bitsdaq partnered with US-based cryptocurrency exchange Bittrex to launch the Bitsdaq Exchange, a new cryptocurrency trading platform that is “open to most countries around the world for trading.” Bitsdaq Chairman and CEO told Finance Magnates in an email that Bitsdaq will act as an Asian gateway into Bittrex’ liquidity pools. The partnership will allow Bitsdaq to offer customers “the potential to access global markets,” he explained. Bittrex “shares [its] liquidity with Bitsdaq, providing a broad market to users,” he said. Asia Trading Summit – The Leading Investment Event in China Bitsdaq Exchange launches at 12pm on 1.29.2019(SST), we are going to build a new digital asset trading platform in Asia, powered by the advanced technology of Bittrex.#Bitsdaq is proud to provide global customers with safe, professional and efficient trading services. #blockchain pic.twitter.com/lrL97ybdfL — Bitsdaq Exchange (@BitsdaqExchange) January 29, 2019 So far, a significant amount of interest in the platform has been demonstrated by traders. Between the time that the partnership was originally announced on January 15th and the launch on January 29th, more than 100,000 users have pre-registered on the exchange. Ten thousand of those pre-registrations came with the first 24 hours following the announcement alone. Additionally, an official announcement by Bitsdaq claims that its Telegram community has surpassed 100,000 members and that 35,000 users have subscribed to its announcements channel. Suggested articles ForexTB Set to Launch New Innovative Trading PlatformGo to article >> We’ve received a high volume of questions since our official launch, we hope to make it easy for our users by providing you with answers and information on candy activities & sign in issues. Please use link for #Airdrop info https://t.co/vIaifwL3Ar #bitsdaq #cryptoexchange — Bitsdaq Exchange (@BitsdaqExchange) January 29, 2019 Because Bitsdaq is set to be open to traders from a diverse set of jurisdictions, the exchange will need to tread carefully in terms of its efforts to maintain regulatory compliance. Ng seems to understand that therefore, a proactive approach is necessary. “In order to provide users with compliant and diversified digital assets trading services, we will have continuous optimization of KYC and AML processes,” Ricky said. “We will oversee management of the new trading platform, looking after customer operations and compliance, as well as providing customer support, marketing, sales and customized development.” Trading fees on the platform will be determined “based on trading volume,” Rick explained to FM. “Also, our withdrawal fees are dynamic and automatically adjust based on the status of the market. On top of that, we are considering organizing a variety of trading activities to provide users with a discount on trading fees in the future.” Ng has bold opinions about the exchange’s future, although that may be a necessity in this business. “We are very excited to be launching what we believe will be the next great cryptocurrency exchange,” he said in an official announcement. “We will implement strict risk management practices that minimize user risk and increase the autonomy of digital asset trading to create a safe, reliable, and efficient trading platform.” Bittrex Moves Forward Across the backdrop of big personalities, massive price increases and plunges, and dramatic claims that are the cryptocurrency industry, Bittrex has stayed fairly silent over the past two years. However, with no major hacks or other major reasons for negative attention, the company has managed to maintain its reputation as one of the more secure and reliable exchanges available. Earlier this week, Bittrex joined the Universal Protocol Alliance, an organization designed to promote blockchain adoption. IT consists of Uphold, Cred, Brave Software, and Blockchain at Berkeley. The addition of Bittrex into the group is expected to give the organization a major boost in political and industry power. | Mid | [
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The 'Arimidex', Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) Trial: a step forward in the treatment of early breast cancer. The ATAC trial is the first study to compare a third-generation aromatase inhibitor (AI), anastrozole, with tamoxifen for the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. Analyses at 33 and 47 months of median follow-up showed that anastrozole significantly prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) and time to recurrence (TTR), and reduced the incidence of contralateral breast cancer, compared with tamoxifen. Results of the Completed Treatment Analysis at 68 months of median follow-up confirmed the superiority of anastrozole over tamoxifen. The absolute difference in DFS between anastrozole and tamoxifen continued to increase beyond completion of treatment and early improvements in DFS and TTR have translated into a benefit in time to distant recurrence. Benefits of anastrozole over tamoxifen were maintained without a detrimental impact on quality of life. Mature safety data with extensive patient exposure indicate that overall, anastrozole has a favourable safety profile compared with tamoxifen. Importantly, a decrease in the odds ratio of cardiovascular events was observed with anastrozole compared with tamoxifen. The ATAC trial provides the most mature data of any AI trial and has enabled the evaluation of a full risk:benefit profile of anastrozole. | High | [
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Kerry Pushes For Contraception Compromise Sen. John Kerry (D-MA) says he hopes the Obama administration will find a compromise in the current controversy over the contraception mandate. In a statement, Kerry said, "I think the Administration is working towards a final rule that reflects a reasonable compromise. I think there's a way to protect everybody's interest here. I think you can implement it effectively in a way that protects women's access, but at the same time protects people's religious beliefs, and that should be everyone’s goal." As TPM reported earlier today, there is already a burgeoning group of Democrats who have countered the administration on the increasingly controversial issue. | Mid | [
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#region License and Terms // MoreLINQ - Extensions to LINQ to Objects // Copyright (c) 2008 Jonathan Skeet. All rights reserved. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. #endregion namespace MoreLinq.Test { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using NUnit.Framework; using NUnit.Framework.Constraints; public enum SourceKind { Sequence, BreakingList, BreakingReadOnlyList, BreakingCollection, BreakingReadOnlyCollection } static partial class TestExtensions { /// <summary> /// Just to make our testing easier so we can chain the assertion call. /// </summary> internal static void AssertSequenceEqual<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, IEnumerable<T> expected) => Assert.That(actual, Is.EqualTo(expected)); /// <summary> /// Make testing even easier - a params array makes for readable tests :) /// The sequence should be evaluated exactly once. /// </summary> internal static void AssertSequenceEqual<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, params T[] expected) => Assert.That(actual, Is.EqualTo(expected)); internal static void AssertSequence<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, params IResolveConstraint[] expectations) { var i = 0; foreach (var item in actual) { Assert.That(i, Is.LessThan(expectations.Length), "Actual sequence has more items than expected."); var expectation = expectations[i]; Assert.That(item, expectation, "Unexpected element in sequence at index " + i); i++; } Assert.That(i, Is.EqualTo(expectations.Length), "Actual sequence has fewer items than expected."); } internal static IEnumerable<string> GenerateSplits(this string str, params char[] separators) { foreach (var split in str.Split(separators)) yield return split; } internal static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> ArrangeCollectionTestCases<T>(this IEnumerable<T> input) { yield return input.ToSourceKind(SourceKind.Sequence); yield return input.ToSourceKind(SourceKind.BreakingReadOnlyCollection); yield return input.ToSourceKind(SourceKind.BreakingCollection); } internal static IEnumerable<T> ToSourceKind<T>(this IEnumerable<T> input, SourceKind sourceKind) { switch (sourceKind) { case SourceKind.Sequence: return input.Select(x => x); case SourceKind.BreakingList: return new BreakingList<T>(input.ToList()); case SourceKind.BreakingReadOnlyList: return new BreakingReadOnlyList<T>(input.ToList()); case SourceKind.BreakingCollection: return new BreakingCollection<T>(input.ToList()); case SourceKind.BreakingReadOnlyCollection: return new BreakingReadOnlyCollection<T>(input.ToList()); default: throw new ArgumentException(nameof(sourceKind)); } } } } | Mid | [
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/* * Copyright 2003 (C) Chris Ward <[email protected]> * * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Lesser General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ package pcgen.core.prereq; import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse; import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue; import pcgen.AbstractCharacterTestCase; import pcgen.cdom.enumeration.ListKey; import pcgen.cdom.enumeration.ObjectKey; import pcgen.cdom.enumeration.RaceSubType; import pcgen.cdom.enumeration.RaceType; import pcgen.cdom.enumeration.Type; import pcgen.cdom.reference.CDOMDirectSingleRef; import pcgen.core.Globals; import pcgen.core.PlayerCharacter; import pcgen.core.Race; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; @SuppressWarnings("nls") public class PreRaceTest extends AbstractCharacterTestCase { /** * Test to ensure that we return false when races don't match. */ @Test public void testFail() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); character.setRace(race); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("Orc"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); final boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse(passes); } /** * Test to make sure we return false when race is equal but NOT is specified. */ @Test public void testNeqFails() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); character.setRace(race); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("Human"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.NEQ); final boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse(passes); } /** * Test to make sure that NOT returns true if races don't match. */ @Test public void testNeqPasses() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); character.setRace(race); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("Orc"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.NEQ); final boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue(passes); } /** * Test to make sure that we return true when races are equal. */ @Test public void testPass() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); character.setRace(race); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("human"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); final boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue(passes); } /** * Test to make sure that we return true when races are equal using ServesAs. */ @Test public void testPassServesAsName() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); final Race fake = new Race(); fake.setName("NotHuman"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(fake); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.SERVES_AS_RACE, CDOMDirectSingleRef.getRef(race)); character.setRace(fake); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey(race.getKeyName()); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); final boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue("Expected prereq " + prereq + " to pass for race " + fake + " with SERVESAS", passes); } @Test public void testRaceTypeEq() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); race.put(ObjectKey.RACETYPE, RaceType.getConstant("Humanoid")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); character.setRace(race); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("RACETYPE=Humanoid"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); final boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue(prereq + " should pass", passes); } @Test public void testRaceTypeNeq() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); race.put(ObjectKey.RACETYPE, RaceType.getConstant("Humanoid")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); character.setRace(race); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("RACETYPE=Dragon"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.LT); boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue(prereq + " should pass", passes); prereq.setKey("RACETYPE=Humanoid"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse(prereq + " should not pass", passes); } /** * Test to make sure that we return true when races RACESUBTYPE are equal using ServesAs. */ @Test public void testPassServesAsRaceSubType() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); race.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Outsider")); race.addToListFor(ListKey.RACESUBTYPE, RaceSubType.getConstant("aquatic")); race.addToListFor(ListKey.RACESUBTYPE, RaceSubType.getConstant("foo")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); final Race fake = new Race(); fake.setName("NotHuman"); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Humanoid")); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.RACESUBTYPE, RaceSubType.getConstant("desert")); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.RACESUBTYPE, RaceSubType.getConstant("none")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(fake); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.SERVES_AS_RACE, CDOMDirectSingleRef.getRef(race)); final Race gnome = new Race(); gnome.setName("Gnome"); gnome.addToListFor(ListKey.RACESUBTYPE, RaceSubType.getConstant("SpikyHair")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(gnome); final Race bugbear = new Race(); bugbear.setName("Bugbear"); bugbear.addToListFor(ListKey.RACESUBTYPE, RaceSubType.getConstant("SpikyClub")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(bugbear); bugbear.addToListFor(ListKey.SERVES_AS_RACE, CDOMDirectSingleRef.getRef(gnome)); character.setRace(fake); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("RACESUBTYPE=aquatic"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue(passes); final Prerequisite prereq2 = new Prerequisite(); prereq2.setKind("race"); prereq2.setKey("RACESUBTYPE=foo"); prereq2.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq2, character, null); assertTrue(passes); prereq.setKey("RACESUBTYPE=SpikyHair"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse("Prereq " + prereq + " should not be passed by character without a " + "race or servesas link.", passes); } /** * Test to make sure that we return true when races RACETYPE are equal using ServesAs. */ @Test public void testPassServesAsRaceType() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); race.put(ObjectKey.RACETYPE, RaceType.getConstant("Outsider")); race.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Outsider")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); final Race fake = new Race(); fake.setName("NotHuman"); fake.put(ObjectKey.RACETYPE, RaceType.getConstant("Humanoid")); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Humanoid")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(fake); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.SERVES_AS_RACE, CDOMDirectSingleRef.getRef(race)); final Race gnome = new Race(); gnome.setName("Gnome"); gnome.put(ObjectKey.RACETYPE, RaceType.getConstant("Smaller")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(gnome); character.setRace(fake); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("RACETYPE=Outsider"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue("Prereq " + prereq + " should pass due to SERVESAS", passes); prereq.setKey("RACETYPE=Smaller"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse("Prereq " + prereq + " should not be passed by character without a " + "race or servesas link.", passes); } /** * Test to make sure that we return true when races TYPE are equal. */ @Test public void testPassServesAsType() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); race.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Outsider")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); final Race fake = new Race(); fake.setName("NotHuman"); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Humanoid")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(fake); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.SERVES_AS_RACE, CDOMDirectSingleRef.getRef(race)); final Race gnome = new Race(); gnome.setName("Gnome"); gnome.addToListFor(ListKey.TYPE, Type.getConstant("Smaller")); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(gnome); character.setRace(fake); final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("TYPE=Outsider"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue("Prereq " + prereq + " should pass due to SERVESAS", passes); prereq.setKey("TYPE=Smaller"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse("Prereq " + prereq + " should not be passed by character without a " + "race or servesas link.", passes); } /** * Test to make sure that PRERACE with wildcarded names functions * correctly with SERVESAS */ @Test public void testPassServesAsNameWildcard() { final PlayerCharacter character = getCharacter(); final Race race = new Race(); race.setName("Human"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(race); final Race fake = new Race(); fake.setName("NotHuman"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(fake); fake.addToListFor(ListKey.SERVES_AS_RACE, CDOMDirectSingleRef .getRef(race)); final Race gnome = new Race(); gnome.setName("Gnome"); Globals.getContext().getReferenceContext().importObject(gnome); character.setRace(fake); // Check the servesas condition final Prerequisite prereq = new Prerequisite(); prereq.setKind("race"); prereq.setKey("human%"); prereq.setOperator(PrerequisiteOperator.EQ); boolean passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue("PRERACE:1,human% should have been passed", passes); prereq.setKey("NotHuman%"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertTrue("PRERACE:1,NotHuman% should have been passed", passes); prereq.setKey("Elf%"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse("PRERACE:1,Elf% should not have been passed", passes); prereq.setKey("Gno%"); passes = PrereqHandler.passes(prereq, character, null); assertFalse("PRERACE:1,Gno% should not have been passed", passes); } } | Mid | [
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Q: Postfix: How to accept email with valid SPF but unresolvable hostname? I have configured my Postfix to reject email sent from hosts without PTR record and hostnames that don't have A record. I found there are legitimate mail servers with valid SPF records which don't have A record for their hostname. As a result the legitimate emails were rejected. Is there a way to configure Postfix to accept email with valid SPF record even if there's no A record for the hostname or there's no PTR record for the IP address? A: This could be possible if check_policy_service responded permit (from access(5) other actions) instead of neutral accept action OK vs. reject action reject. That would need modification to the SPF policy service policyd-spf.conf. Although I have never actually tried this, based on the manpage it seems that Pass condition for both HELO and MAIL FROM allows using ANY action defined in access(5). Resulting configuratoin parameters in policyd-spf.conf: HELO_pass_restriction = permit Mail_From_pass_restriction = permit Now, the order of the restrictions starts to matter as SPF policy service answers: reject on SPF Fail permit on SPF Pass neutral OK on all other conditions including errors, Softfail, Neutral and no SPF. Then, the Postfix main.cf can have all your restrictions in this kind of order: smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, [checks done regardless of SPF], check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf, [checks done only if SPF didn't either Pass or Fail], permit Both permit and reject are first matches mentioned in smtpd_recipient_restrictions Restrictions are applied in the order as specified; the first restriction that matches wins while the neutral response from any restriction causes moving to the next one. A: Quote from the Postfix documentation: Restrictions are applied in the order as specified; the first restriction that matches wins So no, it's not possible. If only one of the restrictions matches it results in the mail being rejected, the order doesn't matter. | Low | [
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Q: Make Variables from Parent Shell Script In a makefile I'm reading, there are many references to a variable, projdir, defined and exported in the shell script that calls make; there are many instances of $(projdir) in the makefile. From the make manual at http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Reference, there are only two types of variables: recursively expanded variables and simply expanded variables. It seems projdir is neither one. Question 1: Since the makefile works, it must be true that makefiles can access shell variables defined in the parent shell environment. Why is this not documented (or perhaps I did not find the correct documentation)? Question 2: Unrelated to question 1, I see in Section 6.2 the line all:;echo $(foo). Why is the semicolon ; needed here? A: Question 1. Environment variables automatically become make variables. This is explained in section 6.10: Variables in make can come from the environment in which make is run. Every environment variable that make sees when it starts up is transformed into a make variable with the same name and value. Question 2: Putting a semicolon after a rule name and optional prerequisites allows you to start the recipe on the same line. This is explained in section 4.2: The first recipe line may appear on the line after the prerequisites, with a tab character, or may appear on the same line, with a semicolon. They used this syntax in the example in 6.2 for brevity, so they could show the whole rule inline in the sentence; I think it's rarely used in practice. | Mid | [
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The travel agent is cancelling all flights to Gambia until 20 January, thanks to ‘potential military intervention’ This article is more than 3 years old This article is more than 3 years old Thomas Cook is to fly almost 1,000 UK customers out of the Gambia, following a change in Foreign Office advice due to unrest in the country. The west African nation has become a political battleground following presidential elections last month, with incumbent leader Yahya Jammeh unwilling to hand over power to the winner in the polls, Adama Barrow. In response, the UK Foreign Office (FCO) are now advising against all but essential travel to the Gambia, citing the “deteriorating political situation and potential military intervention following the presidential elections on 1 December”. In the latest of a series of attempts to retain power, a 90-day state of emergency was declared by Jammeh on Tuesday, two days before he is due to leave office. In a televised announcement he said he was making the order “to prevent a constitutional crisis and power vacuum”, and that security forces were instructed to “maintain absolute peace, law and order”. Thousands of Gambians have reportedly been leaving the country in fear of the situation deteriorating. “They’re worried there might be war,” said one Gambian immigration official. As well as implementing their contingency plan to bring all 985 UK customers they currently have on holiday in the Gambia home, Thomas Cook have also cancelled all flights to the Gambia until Friday 20 January. They will be running four additional flights on Wednesday 18 January and are contacting approximately 2,500 of their flight-only customers in the Gambia, to give them the option of early flights to the UK. In a statement, they said: “We are dispatching a special assistance team with our first flight from the UK to provide additional support at Banjul airport for our customers. Our colleagues on the ground in the Gambia will proactively contact all customers on holiday with us as soon as possible to prepare for return to the UK.” The FCO have advised tourists: “The potential for military intervention and civil disturbance is high and could result in Banjul International Airport being closed at short notice. “You should follow events closely, take extra care, keep in regular contact with your tour operator and airline and continue to monitor travel advice and social media updates in case tensions rise as the current political deadlock continues.” | Low | [
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486 So.2d 940 (1986) Frank DRAGO v. The HOME INSURANCE COMPANY. No. CA 85 0014. Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit. March 25, 1986. Foye L. Lowe, Jr., Baton Rouge, for plaintiff-appellant Frank Drago. Michael J. Harig, Baton Rouge, for defendants-appellees Home Ins. Co. et al. Before EDWARDS, LANIER and PONDER,[*] JJ. *941 PONDER, Judge. Plaintiff appeals dismissal of his tort action on defendants' declinatory exception pleading the objection of lack of personal jurisdiction. We affirm. This is a suit for damages arising out of an alleged slip and fall accident at the Guildwood Inn located in Sarnia, Ontario Province, Canada, on June 18, 1983. Mr. Drago, 77 years of age, a resident and domiciliary of East Baton Rouge Parish both at the time of the accident and of the filing of suit, was a registered guest of the hotel. He filed suit in East Baton Rouge Parish against the Guildwood Inn, a Best Western Inn, its alleged owner, Sheldon Aaron, the inn's insurer, and Best Western. The exception was supported by Aaron's affidavit which stated that: (1) Guildwood Inn is owned by a Canadian corporation; (2) Aaron, a resident and domiciliary of Ontario Province, is only a stockholder of the said company and not a controlling stockholder; (3) but is the President of the said company; (4) neither Aaron nor Guildwood Inn has or ever has had minimum contacts, business or transaction in or with the said State of Louisiana; (5) the Franchise Agreement between Best Western International, Inc. and Guildwood Inn was not executed in the State of Louisiana; (6) the policy of insurance obtained by the corporation was neither written nor delivered in Louisiana and no premium thereon was paid in Louisiana. To support his assertion that Best Western solicited business on behalf of 2,800 Best Western facilities "in 1,950 cities worldwide," plaintiff-appellant offered in evidence photocopies of two pages of the "yellow pages" of the Baton Rouge telephone directory. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR Plaintiff assigns as error the trial court's holding that it lacked personal jurisdiction over any of the defendants and, in the alternative, its dismissing the suit without allowing amendments to the petition to remove the jurisdictional ground as a basis for objection. Plaintiff-appellant contends that the filing of a "request for notice of trial date" on July 9, 1984 by attorneys for the insurer and Guildwood Inn constituted a general appearance and waiver of any objection they would otherwise have had. He cites La.C.C.P. art. 7 as authority for his assertion. Defendants-appellees contend, on the other hand, that Article 7 explicitly requires a request of relief and excepts from implication of general appearance the enrollment of counsel. Appellant has cited no case law, and we can find none, which supports his premise that the filing of a form "request for notice of trial date" is a pleading which seeks any relief and so constitutes a waiver. The request for notice was a means chosen to inform plaintiff and the court the identities of the attorneys who would be representing the interests of the named defendants. A common sense interpretation of the pleading is to equate it to the first exception stated in Article 7(A), i.e., entry of the name of an attorney as counsel of record. Plaintiff asserts that personal jurisdiction exists as to Guildwood Inn, its insurer, and Mr. Aaron by virtue of our Direct Action Statute, La.R.S. 22:655, and our "Long Arm Statute," La.R.S. 13:3201. Mr. Drago fell while attempting to get out of the bathtub when the "grab bar" part of the soap dish, which he was holding onto for support, tore loose from the wall. Medical expenses at the hospital in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada totaled $142.79. Additionally, a variety of medical problems including pneumonia, circulatory deficiencies resulting in ulceration of the foot, bleeding ulcers and aggravation of pre-existing atherosclerosis and diabetes were directly caused by the fall and the cost of medical expenses incurred in Louisiana and Texas was $32,125.99. La.R.S. 13:3201 confers jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant when one of the jurisdictional bases therein specified is *942 found to be present and the cause of action sued upon arises from one of the enumerated bases. Cambre v. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co., 331 So.2d 585, 589 (La.App. 1st Cir.1976), writs denied, 334 So.2d 434 and 435. "One of these bases is the nonresident's ... (d) causing injury or damage in this state by an offense or quasi offense committed through an act or omission outside of this state if he regularly does or solicits any business, or engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed or services rendered, in this state." Appellees Aaron and Guildwood Inn do not assert that jurisdiction over them could not be obtained under the Long Arm statute because Aaron is a resident and domiciliary of a foreign country and Guildwood Inn is owned by a corporation organized under the laws of the same foreign country. Thus, we are not required to determine whether Louisiana's Long Arm statute can confer personal jurisdiction over residents and domiciliaries of a foreign country if the constitutionally required "minimum contacts" test is met. See 16D, C.J.S., Constitutional Law, § 1159, n. 83, p. 61. Soileau v. Evangeline Farmer's Co-op, 386 So.2d 179 (La.App. 3d Cir.1980), reiterated that "In order for the proper exercise of jurisdiction in personam over a non-resident there must be sufficient minimum contacts between the non-resident defendant and the forum state to satisfy due process and traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice," as required by cited Supreme Court jurisprudence. Whether a particular defendant has sufficient minimum contacts with Louisiana is to be determined from the facts and circumstances of each case. Drilling Engineering, Inc. v. Independent Indonesian American Petroleum Co., 283 So.2d 687 (La.1973); O'Reilly v. Prat's Travel Agency, Inc., 457 So.2d 24 (La.App. 4th Cir.1984), writ denied, 461 So.2d 319. We agree with the trial court that there are insufficient contacts for the assertion of "Long Arm" jurisdiction over Guildwood Inn, Sheldon Aaron, and Best Western International, Inc. The Home Insurance Company would be amenable to the jurisdiction of Louisiana courts if all the requirements of the Direct Action statute are met. In Cambre, supra, we rejected as unsound the argument that "the corrective surgery and treatment performed and administered in" Louisiana is "injury" within contemplation of § 655. The medical problems listed by plaintiff cannot be regarded as "injury or damage in this state" within contemplation of La.R.S. 13:3201(d) or "injury" within contemplation of La.R.S. 22:655. There is no causal nexus between any advertising by Best Western in Louisiana and the alleged tort in Canada. This is an additional reason Louisiana courts do not have personal jurisdiction. Robinson v. Vanguard Ins. Co., 468 So.2d 1360 (La.App. 1st Cir.1985), writs denied, 472 So.2d 34 (La.1985) and 472 So.2d 924 (La.1985), reconsideration not considered, 474 So.2d 1298 (La.1985). We therefore hold that Louisiana courts cannot exercise personal jurisdiction over any of the defendants. Appellant's alternative assignment of error is also without merit. We know of no way to cure, by amendment of the petition, personal jurisdiction deficiencies if the constitutionally mandated minimum contacts requirement is not present as to Guildwood Inn, Mr. Aaron, and Best Western International, Inc. Likewise, we know of no way to obliterate, by amendment, the fact that the accident occurred outside of Louisiana. For the reasons assigned, the judgment maintaining the declinatory exceptions pleading the objection of lack of personal jurisdiction is affirmed, at plaintiff-appellant's cost. AFFIRMED. NOTES [*] Judge Elven E. Ponder, Retired, appointed to hear appeals vice Judge John S. Covington, temporarily assigned to the Twenty-Fifth Judicial District Court. | Low | [
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Adrian Chen Have you heard about this Coffee Party? It's basically a Facebook page, but has been somehow featured in the Times and the Post. The party stands for "cooperation in government." Whatever! Here are six other beverage-based parties that should exist. The Long Island Iced Tea PartySlogan: "Throw off the shackles of the Federal government... but chill out first, K?"Key Issues: fighting taxes in an affable manner; genially advancing Obama conspiracy theories; abolishing the government... and having fun while doing it!Mission Statement: Like the Tea Party, the Iced Tea Party is born from a mixture of populist anger, xenophobia and anti-government sentiment. Unlike the Tea Party, these angry white people want to enjoy their time raging against the Feds. Weekly meetings are organized in local TGIFridays, where Long Island Iced Tea party members gather round over-sized margaritas and take turns at an Obama pinata in the special party room in the back. Advertisement The Monster Energy Drink PartySlogan: "Go America! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go!"Key Issues: Energy; Transportation; Communications; Go! Go! Go!Mission Statement: Many Americans complain that our hyperconnected, hypermediated world is drowning our ability to think critically in a flood of information. These Americans' brains are not sufficiently augmented with the correct mixture of caffeine, sugar, anti-oxidants and bull hormones. Through improvements in infrastructure and investments in high technology, The Monster Energy Drink Party will secure your right not only to browse the Internet on an airplane, but to shoot, edit and upload your latest video blog entry while piloting a personal jet-pack. Weekly meetings held remotely, as many Monster Energy Drink Party members will be trapped at the bottom of a manhole they fell into while texting and walking at the same time. The Chocolate Milk PartySlogan: "Chocolate and milk are better together"Key Issues: Race-relations; affirmative action; the achievement gap; prejudiceMission Statement: Like a gay-straight alliance except between black and white people! Together, this bi-racial mob will sweep the country, striking down racism of all types and fostering improved race relations via distributing Sapphire books to whites and Mad Men box sets to blacks. Meetings will be held weekly over a beer on the White House's South Lawn. Asians, Latinos and "others" welcome, we guess. The Whiskey PartySlogan: "Our Country is Fucked up—You should be too."Key Issues: Legalized gambling; legalized prostitution; legalized marijuana; legalized everything; abolishing the speed limit.Mission Statement: With so much of America gone to shit, we need a strong voice supporting the right of citizens to drink/screw/smoke their pain away. Rising like a great cloud of hash smoke to blanket the land, the Whiskey Party will be found wherever a laid-off steelworker is slumped over his seventh beer in a bar; wherever a divorcee chokes her loneliness in a massive bong hit; wherever a man gives a woman his last $40 in food stamps to step on his back in stilettos; the Whiskey Party will be there. The Rubbing Alcohol PartySlogan: "The Whiskey Party is a bunch pansies."Key Issues: Same as the Whiskey Party, but a lot gnarlier and cheaper.Mission Statement: BLAAAAAARRGGGHHH The Cherry Coke PartySlogan: "Why the hell doesn't every store in America carry Cherry Coke?"Key Issues: Ensuring the security and efficacy of America's Cherry Coke supply system.Mission Statement: Cherry Coke is the most underrated soft drink. We must pass a constitutional amendment which requires every store and restaurant in the land that carries Coke products to carry Cherry Coke as well. Seriously, America, when are you going to realize this is a civil rights issue? End Cherry Coke Apartheid! | Low | [
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Background {#Sec1} ========== Adult neurogenesis was first described in animal studies in the 1960s \[[@CR1]\]. It was later observed in adult primates, including humans \[[@CR2]\]. Two well-known regions of the adult brain are widely held to be neurogenic zones: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (SGZ) \[[@CR3]\] and the subventricular zone (SVZ) \[[@CR4]\]. Other zones in the brain may also act as neurogenic niches, although this may only occur in certain conditions \[[@CR5], [@CR6]\]. The exact purpose of maintaining neurogenesis throughout adult life is unknown. Neurogenesis in the SGZ has been linked to the consolidation of memory \[[@CR7]\]. In rodents, cells from the SVZ migrate from the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb. Based on this finding, scientists believe that the SVZ plays a role in the sense of smell. Nevertheless, the role of SVZ neurogenesis in humans, who may lack a true RMS, is not so clear \[[@CR8]\]. On the other hand, when specific pathological conditions are present, the SVZ seems to be able to increase proliferation and modify cell migration; its potential restorative function has been observed following stroke \[[@CR9]\]. Different studies have pointed to altered neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases \[[@CR6], [@CR10]\]. Most of them have found decreases in neurogenesis in these diseases, but findings vary depending on whether studies were carried out in humans or animals, the niche studied, and the moment in the course of the disease \[[@CR10]\]. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. At present, there are no curative treatments \[[@CR11]\]. Although ALS was previously thought to impair only motor neurons, we now know that it affects other cells and functions within the nervous system \[[@CR11], [@CR12]\]. Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) is a pathologic lesion characteristic of some degenerative diseases as ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but also inclusion body myositis \[[@CR13]--[@CR16]\] The only approved treatment, riluzole, is only moderately effective \[[@CR17]\]. Few studies have examined the state of adult neurogenesis in ALS, and almost all of them are in animal models \[[@CR18]--[@CR21]\]. The only published human study is a report on a single case, and the same case now forms part of the series presented here \[[@CR21]\]. This study analyses adult neurogenesis in classic niches in patients with ALS. Methods {#Sec2} ======= Patients {#Sec3} -------- We analyzed the brains of 9 ALS patients (including 2 with FTD) and 4 controls (patients with no history of neurodegenerative disease who died in our hospital). Patients' medical records were reviewed to compile the variables related to the disease (age at onset, sex, time until diagnosis, time until death, form at onset, associated diseases, neuroimaging findings and presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms). We also checked the control group's medical records to ensure absence of neurodegenerative disease. Tissue processing {#Sec4} ----------------- Brains from patients and controls were sectioned in coronal slices 1 cm thick from the frontal to the occipital areas. All specimens were encased in paraffin and subsequently sliced into 6 μm sections with a microtome. Tissue sections were deparaffinized and washed in 0.1 M PBS. Epitopes were unmasked in a 10 mM sodium citrate buffer with a pH 6 at 96 °C for 20 min. The immunohistochemical study analyzed the medial/central part of the SVZ and the SGZ of the dentate gyrus. Tissues were washed in PBS and then incubated for 1 h in blocking solution (PBS, 0.2%, Triton 10%, normal goat serum). They were subsequently incubated for 24 h with primary antibodies (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Table S1) diluted with PBS. After incubation with the primary antibody, the tissue sections were thoroughly washed in PBS before being incubated with the appropriate Alexa-Fluor antibody during 24 h (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Table S1). After sections had been washed, they were mounted in ProLong Gold reagent with DAPI (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen). The quantitative immunohistochemical study of pTDP-43 focused on neurons in the dentate gyrus. We analyzed 10 different fields for each of the antibodies under study; the result given is the mean of all 10 measurements. Results are expressed as cells positive for each antibody per 500 μm^2^. For the quantitative study, we selected only those samples of the SVZ and SGZ in which both cells and cell layers remained intact. All quantifications have been made for two differents investigators that were blinded for the patients diagnostic. Statistical analysis {#Sec5} -------------------- Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Parametric tests could not be used owing to our small patient sample. Instead, we compared means using the Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at *p* \< 0.05. This test was not used for subgroups with fewer than 3 individuals. Since sample sizes were small, no multivariate tests were performed. We compared controls to all ALS patients, and controls to ALS patients subgroup without dementia, for all study variables. Since there were only 2 patients with frontotemporal dementia, that group was not included in the comparative analysis. We used the Pearson test to check for presence or absence of any correlations between presence of pTDP-43 and neurogenesis. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism© software. Graphs of the results were also created with Prism©. Results {#Sec6} ======= Clinical data {#Sec7} ------------- We studied 9 patients with ALS (2 had associated FTD) and 4 controls. Mean age at time of death was 65.60 ± 15.94 for patients and 69.50 ± 11.38 for controls. Age differences between cases and controls were not significant. Fifty-five percent of the patients were men, as were 75% of the controls. Regarding patient characteristics, form of onset was bulbar in 55% vs 21% in our historical series (unpublished data). Mean age at time of diagnosis was 64.33 ± 16.75 years (62.33 ± 11.2 in our historical series). Mean survival of patients after diagnosis was 12.44 ± 17.22 years (35.47 ± 17.21 in our historical series); survival after symptom onset was 24.88 ± 19.34 years (45.87 ± 24.12 in our historical series). Dementia was present in 2 patients (22%) vs 8% in our historical series. None of the patients in this study had a family history of ALS, whereas 8.9% of those in the historical study did. Regarding treatment, 3 patients (33%) were not being treated with riluzole when they died (32% in our historical series). The two patients with FTD have first developed the cognitive symptoms and being diagnosed of FTD in our dementia clinic and then some years after they have developed the motor neuron symptoms. One of the patients have first begun with language alteration and then behavior problems and the other one with behavior problems, memory problems were developed lately. Regarding the motor neuron symptoms they both have developed first bulbar symptoms with few clinical spinal disease. The mean time between death and autopsy was 5 ± 2 h. The mass of the fixed brains was 1210 ± 147.00 g for patients and 1290 ± 72.73 g for controls (differences not significant). A summary of the clinical data is provided in the supplemental material (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Table S2). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was confirmed in all patients by an anatomical pathology study including pTDP-43 immunohistochemistry (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Table S3). Structural organization of the SVZ in patients with ALS {#Sec8} ------------------------------------------------------- In humans, the architecture of the SVZ in the lateral wall of the ventricle includes 3 layers. The first is a monolayer of cells in contact with the ventricle (ependymal layer), followed by a hypocellular gap and an additional layer comprising mainly astrocytes (ribbon) \[[@CR4]\]. Since the SVZ may vary in size and composition according to the region analysed \[[@CR4]\], this study focused on its body. While there were no differences between patients and controls in the size of the ependymal layer, there was a significant increase in the thickness of the gap layer in ALS patients (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1a](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} and [d](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Mean thickness of the gap layer in controls was 44.75 ± 8.02 μm vs 73.78 ± 3.57 in ALS patients (*p* \< 0.01). This difference was also present for patients with ALS without dementia: 71.14 ± 3.99 μm (*p* \< 0.01). Patients with dementia exhibited a thicker layer (83 ± 5.66 μm), but this subgroup was so small that a statistical analysis could not be performed. This increase in size of gap layer was due to abundant cell bodies structurally similar to astrocytes with numerous intermediate filaments. In addition, we observed a marked increase in the thickness of the ribbon (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1b and d](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Ribbon thickness in controls was 53.5 ± 5.51 μm vs 89.89 ± 16.09 μm in ALS patients (*p* \< 0.005). The difference between controls and patients with ALS and no dementia was also significant at 87.29 ± 13.28 μm (*p* \< 0.01). As in the case of the gap layer, the increase in ribbon thickness also appeared to be greater in patients with dementia (99 ± 28.28 μm).Fig. 1Changes in SVZ morphology in patients with ALS. **a**-**b** Illustrations show increases in thickness of the gap and ribbon layers; increases were greater in patients with ALS-FTD. **c** Increased expression of GFAP in the gap and ribbon layers in patients with ALS and ALS-FTD. **d** Images from the semithin sections of the SVZ showing the ventricular wall (V), the ependymal monolayer (I), the gap layer (II), the ribbon layer (III) and the parenchyma (IV). Data from these images was used to prepare the graphics in A and B. **e**-**f** Quantitative graphics representing the proliferative activity in the SVZ of ALS patients based on the analysis of the cell proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67. PCNA and Ki-67 showed significant increases in PCNA and Ki-67 marking. **g** Confocal microscopy images of the SVZ in controls and patients with ALS and ALS-FTD showing increased Ki-67 and GFAP marking in patients, arrows show a immunopositive cells. **h** Images of SVZ of Control and ALS/FTD Patients. IN ALS/FTD, a displayed GFAP positive projections in contact with the ventricle (arrows). In control samples no were observed. **i** Graph displaying expression of GFAPδ in the SVZ of healthy individuals and patients with ALS and ALS-FTD; expression is significantly higher in patients. **j**-**k** Graphs showing increased expression of the proteins occurring in neurogenesis and neuronal migration in the adult central nervous system (doublecortin, PSA-NCAM); protein levels were significantly higher in patients with ALS or ALS-FTD than in healthy controls. **l** Immunofluorescence study of GFAPδ expression showing increased levels in the SVZ in ALS or ALS-FTD patients. In the details it is observed that in patients greater immunohitochemistry marking shown. **m** Images showing cells positive for doublecortin near the lateral wall. Their elongated fusiform shape is typical of migrating cells (arrows). **n** Illustration of typical SVZ morphology from controls and ALS patients, showing the main changes we observed: thickening of the gap and ribbon layers with increased expression of markers of astrocytes, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis. Graphs show the mean + standard error (\**p* \< 0.05; \*\**p* \< 0.01). Scale bars: D: 50 μm; G-H, L and M: 15 μm Proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the SVZ {#Sec9} --------------------------------------------------- Proliferative neural progenitor cells in the SVZ were studied using PCNA and Ki-67 \[[@CR21], [@CR22]\]. For PCNA, the mean number of marked cells in controls was 24.25 ± 3.30 cells/500 μm^2^ vs 73.22 ± 9.83 cells/500 μm^2^ in all ALS patients (*p* \< 0.005). This difference was also present in patients with ALS without dementia: 69 ± 1.83 cells/500 μm^2^ (*p* \< 0.01). It also seems to be bigger in ALS-FTD patients: 88 ± 8.49 cells/500 μm^2^ (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1e](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). For Ki-67, the mean number of marked cells in controls was 14.75 ± 2.06 cells/500μm^2^ vs 46.89 ± 17.40 cells/500 μm^2^ for all patients with ALS (*p* \< 0.01). This difference was also observed in cases of ALS without dementia: 38.43 ± 1.99 cells/500 μm^2^ (*p* \< 0.05). As with PCNA, the difference in the number of marked cells seems to be even greater in patients with dementia: 76.5 ± 0.75 cells/500 μm^2^ (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1f and h](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). The marker GFAPα was also analyzed. Although it is an astrocyte marker, the glial characteristics of proliferative neural progenitor cells mean that they may be signaled by GFAPα, provided that other proliferation markers co-localize \[[@CR20]\]. This marker also delivered higher numbers of marked cells in patients. Cell count for controls was 87 ± 11.34 cells/500 μm^2^ vs 119.9 ± 18.97 cells/500 μm^2^ in all ALS patients (*p* \< 0.05), 112.3 ± 4.66 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS patients without dementia (*p* \< 0.05), and 146.5 ± 12.02 cells/500 μm^2^ in FTD-ALS patients (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1c](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Given that cells marked with GFAPα were also indicated by other proliferation markers (Fig. [1g](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}), at least some of these cells correspond to proliferative neural progenitor cells. Cases with ALS-FTD also displayed cells with processes extending through the ependymal layer to reach the lateral ventricular wall (Fig. [1h](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). These cells had previously been described in mice in conditions entailing increased neurogenesis \[[@CR23]\], in human they had been only described in one of the cases with FTD previously published \[[@CR21]\]. Proliferation of pluripotent neural cells (PNCs) in the SVZ {#Sec10} ----------------------------------------------------------- We used the GFAPδ marker to study PNCs \[[@CR24]--[@CR27]\]. This marker revealed a significantly higher number of these cells in all ALS patients (35.89 ± 14.49 cells/500 μm^2)^ compared to controls (10.75 ± 2.36 cells/500 μm^2^)). The ALS subgroup without dementia also differed significantly from the controls, with 29 ± 2.05 cells/500 μm^2^; (*p* = 0.01). The difference between controls and patients with both ALS and dementia appeared to be even greater: 60 ± 2.83 cells/500 μm^2^ in the ALS-FTD subgroup. However, a statistical analysis could not be performed due to the small sample size (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1i and l](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). GFAPδ staining was stronger in ALS patient than in controls and cells has a fusiform morphology. Proliferation of neuroblasts in the SVZ {#Sec11} --------------------------------------- Neuroblasts were studied with PSA-NCAM, doublecortin, and Tuj-1 \[[@CR9], [@CR28]--[@CR31]\]. Using PSA-NCAM, we observed more numerous marked cells in all ALS cases than in controls: 6.5 ± 2.51 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 19.78 ± 1.63 cells/500 μm^2^ in the ALS total (*p* \< 0.01). A significant difference was also present between controls and ALS patients without dementia at 18 ± 3.51 cells/500 μm^2^ (*p* = 0.01), and this may be even greater for cases of ALS-FTD at 26 ± 3 cells/500 μm^2^. Nevertheless, the low number of cases does not allow us to determine the statistical significance of this result (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1j](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Using doublecortin (DCX), we found a significantly higher number of marked cells in the ALS patient than in controls: 5.25 ± 2.22 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 21.33 ± 1.44 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS (*p* \< 0.01). Significant differences remained when comparing controls to patients without dementia: 20.86 ± 4.74 cells/500 μm^2^. Once again, differences may be more pronounced in patients with ALS-FTD at 23 ± 2 cells/500 μm^2^ but patient numbers were too low to permit a statistical analysis (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S4 and S6; Fig. [1k and m](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Tuj-1 only marked the processes of cells and not the neuronal bodies, so a quantitative study could not be completed using this marker. Changes in neurogenesis and their correlation with the percentage of cytoplasmic phosphorylated TDP-43 {#Sec12} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Misallocated (cytoplasmic) phosphorylated TDP-43 is considered a pathologic hallmark of ALS. inclusion body myositis and some forms of FTD \[[@CR16], [@CR32]\]. It has been considered also a marker of the propagation of the disease \[[@CR13], [@CR15], [@CR32]\]. A correlation analysis for the percentage of cytoplasmic phosphorylated TDP-43 and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone found a positive linear correlation (*p* \< 0.05) with a thicker gap layer (Fig. [3a](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and a thicker ribbon, but the difference in the latter case was not statistically significant (*p* = 0.057) (Fig. [3b](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Likewise, the correlation was linear and direct for marking of proliferative neural progenitor cells with PCNA (*p* \< 0.05) (Fig. [3d](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and with Ki-67 (*p* \< 0.01) (Fig. [3e](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}); and for glial cells with GFAP (*p* = 0.005) (Fig. [3c](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). The correlation was also linear and direct for GFAPδ as a marker for pluripotent neural cells (*p* \< 0.005) (Fig. [3f](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). We found another linear, direct correlation between pTDP-43 and results from 2 different markers of SVZ neuroblasts: PSA-NCAM (*p* \< 0.05) (Fig. [3g](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and doublecortin (*p* \< 0.001) (Fig. [3h](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Structural organization of the dentate gyrus in patients with ALS {#Sec13} ----------------------------------------------------------------- There were no changes in the thickness of the subgranular layer in the dentate gyrus. Decrease in proliferative neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus {#Sec14} ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Analysis of the subgranular zone indicated a decrease in marked proliferative neural progenitor cells. Using PCNA, we found a significantly lower number of marked cells in patients with ALS than in controls: 4 ± 1.41 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 0.94 ± 0.72 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS patients, (*p* \< 0.01). This decrease was also present in cases of ALS without dementia at 1.97 ± 0.73 cells/500 μm^2^, *p* = 0.01). The difference may be even greater in patients with ALS-FTD: 0.5 ± 0.71 cells/500 μm^2^ (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S5 and S7; Fig. [2b](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). The Ki-67 marker also highlighted a significant decrease in cells in total ALS patients compared to controls: 3.25 ± 0.96 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 0.59 ± 0.66 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS patients with or without dementia (*p* \< 0.01). Control group data for Ki-67 also contrast with results from the subgroup of ALS cases without FTD: 0.75 ± 0.66, (*p* = 0.01) (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S5 and S7; Fig. [2c and d](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). No cells marked with Ki-67 were visible in the fields examined in patients with ALS-FTD (Fig. [2d](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 2Changes in hippocampal morphology in patients with ALS. **a** GFAP analysis in the hippocampus of ALS patients and controls; protein levels are significantly higher in ALS. **b-c** Quantification of the markers PCNA and Ki-67, which are linked to events in proliferative activity in the hippocampus of patients with ALS; these patients show significant decreases for all markers. **d** Confocal microscope images of the hippocampus in controls and patients with ALS or ALS-FTD. ALS patients show isolated Ki-67--positive cells and increased GFAP marking. **e** Quantification of the expression of GFAPδ, a protein linked to neurogenic processes in the hippocampus; patients with ALS and ALS-FTD show significantly less expression than controls. **f** Graph showing markedly lower expression of PSA-NCAM, a protein linked to neuronal migration, in patients with ALS and ALS-FTD compared to controls. **g** Immunoperoxidase images reveal decreased expression of that marker. GFAPδ cells in patients with ALS were isolated and differed from those observed in controls in that they had fewer processes, a more spherical nucleus (arrow), and were mainly located in the subgranular layer. **h** Images of PSA-NCAM--positive cells in the hippocampus. Tissue samples from controls contained cells with typical elongated processes extending through the granular layer; the ALS group showed isolated, shorter processes, and no processes were observed in the ALS-FTD group. **i** Illustration of the typical morphology of the hippocampus in healthy controls and in patients with ALS showing the principal changes we observed: increase in GFAP-positive cells, neuronal loss, and decrease in markers linked to neuronal migration. Graphs show the mean + standard error (\**p* \< 0.05; \*\**p* \< 0.01). Scale bars: D, G, H: 40 μm The study of specimens from the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus using GFAP revealed higher numbers of marked cells in patients with ALS: 32 ± 5.03 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 117 ± 26.24 cells/500 μm^2^ in the total ALS group (*p* \< 0.01), 109.1 ± 23.19 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS without FTD (*p* \< 0.01), and 146.5 ± 7.5 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS-FTD. These cells did not co-localize with other proliferation markers (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S5 and S7; Fig. [2a and d](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}), meaning that the marked cells meet the description of true astrocytes rather than proliferative neural progenitor cells. Patients with ALS show lower numbers of GFAPδ neural pluripotent cells (NPCs) in the dentate gyrus {#Sec15} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GFAPδ was used in this study as a marker for studying NPCs. We observed a lower number of marked cells in ALS patients compared to controls: 11 ± 3.16 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 2.35 ± 1.8 cells/500 μm^2^ in ALS (*p* \< 0.01). This reduction is also significant in ALS cases without dementia at 2.57 ± 0.75 cells/500 μm^2^ (*p* = 0.01) and appears to be more pronounced in ALS-FTD cases: 1.57 ± 0.57 cells/500 μm^2^ (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S5 and S7; Fig. [2e and g](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, these cells have a different shape with shorter processes (Fig. [2g](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Fewer neuroblasts observed in the dentate gyrus of ALS patients {#Sec16} --------------------------------------------------------------- We used the markers DCX, Tuj-1 and PSA-NCAM to study neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. PSA-NCAM yielded fewer marked cells in patients with ALS compared to controls: 14.5 ± 4.99 cells/500 μm^2^ in controls vs 0.79 ± 0.85 cells/500 μm^2^ in all ALS patients (*p* \< 0.01). This decrease in marked cells is also significant in ALS cases without dementia at 1.01 ± 0.84 cells/500 μm^2^ (*p* = 0.01) and appears to be more pronounced in ALS-FTD cases: 0.05 ± 0.05 cells/500 μm^2^ (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Tables S5 and S7; Fig. [2f and h](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). For dobleucortin and Tuj-1 in ALS-patients we only found some dendrites stained but no neuronal bodies, because of that, a statistical analysis was not perfomed for these two markers. Correlation between percentage of pTDP-43 in cytoplasm and the decrease in neurogenesis in the SGZ {#Sec17} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An analysis of the percentage of cytoplasmic pTDP-43 and the changes observed in the SGZ of the dentate gyrus indicates a linear, direct relationship between the percentage of pTDP-43 and gliosis as marked with GFAPα (*p* \< 0.0001, Fig. [3i](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). There is an exponential and inverse relationship between the percentage of pTDP-43 and the number of cells in the different stages of neurogenesis, as demonstrated by PCNA (*p* \< 0.0001) (Fig. [3j](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}); Ki-67 (*p* \< 0.0001) (Fig. [3k](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}), for type proliferative neural progenitor cells with GFAPδ (*p* \< 0.005) (Fig. [3l](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). This is also true of neuroblasts observed with PSA-NCAM (type 3/type D3 cells) (*p* \< 0.005) (Fig. [3m](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 3Analysis of the percentage of pTDP-43 and its correlation to markers linked to proliferation and adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and hippocampus in controls and patients with ALS/ALS-FTD. **a** Significant direct linear correlation between the increase in gap layer thickness and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **b** Tendency toward a direct linear correlation between the increase in ribbon layer thickness and percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **c** Significant direct linear correlation between the increase in GFAP expression and the percentage of pTDAP-43 inclusions. **d** Significant direct linear correlation between the increase in PCNA protein expression in the SVZ and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **e** Significant direct linear correlation between the increase in Ki-67 protein (indicating proliferation in the SVZ) and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **f** Significant direct linear correlation between increased expression of the GFAPδ protein in the SVZ and the percentage of pTDP-43 inclusions. **g** Significant direct linear correlation between increased expression of PSA-NCAM (neuroblast marker) in the SVZ and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **h** Significant direct linear correlation between the increase in the expression of doublecortin (neuroblast marker) and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43 in the SVZ. **i** Significant direct linear correlation between the increase in the expression of hippocampal GFAP (marker for gliosis) and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **j** The hippocampus shows a significant inverse exponential relationship between the expression of PCNA (proliferation marker) and the percentage of pTDP-43--positive inclusions. **k** Significant inverse exponential relationship between hippocampal expression of the Ki-67 protein (proliferation marker) and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **l** Significant inverse exponential relationship between hippocampal expression of the GFAPδ protein and the percentage of inclusions positive for pTDP-43. **m** The hippocampus displays a significant inverse exponential relationship between the expression of the PSA-NCAM protein (neuroblast marker) and the percentage of pTDP-43 positive inclusions Discussion {#Sec18} ========== Upon analyzing earlier studies on the state of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases, we encounter dissimilar results, although most studies report a decrease in adult neurogenesis where these diseases are present \[[@CR10], [@CR33]--[@CR37]\]. Nevertheless, proliferation may increase during certain early stages of Alzheimer disease \[[@CR38], [@CR39]\], although this initial response will vanish as neurogenesis starts to decrease in later stages of the disease \[[@CR40]\].Although animal models demonstrate decreased neurogenesis at both niches in Huntington disease \[[@CR41], [@CR42]\], human studies seem to indicate increased neurogenesis in the SVZ, with increase in SVZ and increase of GAP layer \[[@CR36]\] with no changes in the SGZ \[[@CR43]\]. Very few studies have examined adult neurogenesis in ALS. Most of these studies have focused on the neurogenic state of the central canal niche, which seems to exhibit increased neurogenesis preceding symptom onset, according to some authors \[[@CR20]\]. Others have reported increased neurogenesis in early but symptomatic stages of the disease \[[@CR19]\], while still other studies reported no modifications \[[@CR44]\]. Only one study in mice transgenic for the SOD1 mutation has analyzed classic neurogenic niches \[[@CR18]\] and found increased neurogenesis in the SVZ with no changes in the SGZ. Our group previously reported the case of a patient with ALS-FTD who exhibited a significant increase in neurogenesis in the SVZ \[[@CR21]\]. That case has been included in this series. There have been no other autopsy studies of neurogenesis. Our autopsy results show that proliferation in adult neurogenic niches is altered in patients with ALS. We observed increased neurogenesis in the SVZ and reduced neurogenesis in the SGZ of the dentate gyrus. We found some neurogenesis in SGZ on controls that is extremely reduced in ALS patients, however, even in the controls neurogenesis in SGZ is not so important as previously described for some authors \[[@CR45]\].This alteration affects all cell types and is present in all ALS cases, whether or not they have associated FTD; however, presence of FTD seems to result in more pronounced changes at both niches (Figs. [1n](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} and [2i](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Although the proliferation rate at each of these niches differs greatly (it is 6 times higher in the SVZ than in SGZ \[[@CR46]\]), this difference does not offer an explanation of how ALS could give rise to opposite tendencies in neurogenesis at different niches. These increase in proliferation in SVZ has been previously described in Huntington \[[@CR36]\] and in non neurodegenerative diseases as stroke \[[@CR9], [@CR47]\]. The function of adult neurogenesis is unknown. However, the SVZ in humans is believed to be a site of repair, since cells forming at this niche are able to migrate long distances. The SVZ is also thought to respond to insult since there seems to be increased cell proliferation with migration to the lesion \[[@CR9]\]. The role of neurogenesis in the SGZ, in contrast, is not as clear; neurogenesis at this niche has been more often correlated with memory \[[@CR48]\]. In any case, a repair function at this niche would only exert a local effect since the neurons formed here do not migrate significantly \[[@CR48]\]. The increase in neurogenesis in the SVZ may be understood as a response to the loss of neurons in ALS. However, our results do not clarify what happens to new neurons if they migrate to damaged areas, and they do not show whether they are able to integrate. This increase in neurogenesis in the SVZ was also highlighted by the only study of this niche to be carried out in a transgenic SOD1 animal model \[[@CR18]\]. The decrease in neurogenesis in the hippocampus is similar to that described in other neurodegenerative diseases \[[@CR10]\]. The study in transgenic SOD1 mice did not report this decrease \[[@CR18]\], but we note that this model featured pure motor impairment with no associated cognitive changes. Another topic for discussion is how neurogenesis may be regulated differently in these 2 niches. One potential explanation is that each niche may be regulated by different factors that would be modified by the disease in different ways. Another possibility is that the same factor would have a different effect on each of the neurogenic niches, although such findings have never been described \[[@CR33]\]. Yet another possibility is that the factor responsible for increasing neurogenesis could be delivered to each niche in a different way. For example, if the factor were delivered in CSF, it would be almost unable to act on the SGZ and primarily affect the SVZ by direct contact. Both our group and others have studied the role of CSF in ALS and ALS propagation \[[@CR26], [@CR49], [@CR50]\]. Its role in exosome transport to regulate neurogenesis has also been examined \[[@CR51]\]. This possibility would also explain the presence of cells whose processes stretch to the CSF in patients with FTD-ALS. According to our observations, the percentage of cytoplasmic pTDP-43 correlated with the change in neurogenesis in both niches. Other authors have described TDP-43 as a marker of disease diffusion and progression that may even be useful for establishing different stages of the disease \[[@CR38]\]. This correlation might therefore indicate a relationship between disease progression and changes in neurogenesis, although our study does not permit us to state this as a conclusion. Conclusions {#Sec19} =========== Our observations show that adult neurogenesis is altered in patients with ALS: it increases in the SVZ and decreases in the SGZ (Figs. [1n](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} and [2i](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Although it is an interesting fact, this study does not let us determine whether this increase in the SVZ has a true impact on the disease and if the new neurons are able to migrate to damaged areas, integrate, and become functional by activating a primitive neural repair response similar to that occurring in other species \[[@CR1], [@CR46], [@CR52]\]. Additional file {#Sec20} =============== Additional file 1: Table S1.Antibodies used in the immunohistochemical study. **Table S2.** Summary of patient characteristics. **Table S3.** Immunohistochemical studies used in ALS diagnosis. Values for TDP-43 and ubiquitin are expressed in inclusions per field; %pTDP-43 represents the percentage of phosphorylated TDP inclusions out of the total. **Table S4.** Description of neurogenesis patient to patient. **Table S5.** Neurogenesis findings in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, by patient. **Table S6.** Summary of results in the SVZ. **Table S7.** Summary of results in the hippocampus. (DOC 302 kb) ALS : Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis CSF : Cerebrospinal fluid DAPI : 4,6 diamino-2-phenylindole DCX : Doublecortin FTD : Frontotemporal dementia GFAP : Glial Fibillary Acidic Protein PBS : Phosphate buffered saline PCNA : Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PNC : Pluripotent neural cells pTDP-43 : Phosphorylated Transactivator regulatory DNA-binding protein 43 RMS : Rostral Migratory Stream SD : Standard deviation SGZ : Subgranular zone SOD1 : Superoxide dismutase1 SVZ : Subventricular zone TUJ1 : Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin **Electronic supplementary material** The online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-017-0956-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The authors would like to thank Dr. Armando Martínez for his assistance with tissue extraction and the conventional histological studies of the samples; Dr. Álvaro Vela for his contributions to the recruitment and clinical evaluation of patients for the study; Dr. Pedro López for his help with the drawings and graphs featured in the study; and María Soledad Benito-Martin for her assistance with tissue processing. Funding {#FPar1} ======= There is no external funding for this research. Availability of data and materials {#FPar2} ================================== The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. LG: manuscript drafting, study concept and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, and statistical analysis. UGP: manuscript drafting, study concept and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, and statistical analysis. AG: acquisition of data and critical review of the manuscript. JMGV: study concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, study supervision, and critical review of the manuscript. JMG: study concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, study supervision, and critical review of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics approval and consent to participate {#FPar3} ========================================== We obtained the informed consent for all participants in the study (including consent for autopsy). Autopsies were performed following the procedures established by our hospital's anatomical pathology service. Likewise, this study was approved by the hospital's ethics committee (Hospital Clinico San Carlos). Data were managed in accordance with the Spanish data protection law of 13 December 1999. Consent for publication {#FPar4} ======================= Non applicable. Competing interests {#FPar5} =================== The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Publisher's Note {#FPar6} ================ Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. | Mid | [
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Q: Why does Handler::postDelay make UI frozen I have this code. I don't know why postDelay make UI frozen in this case. I want the Runnable will run after 100 miliseconds deley and run in 4000 miliseconds. package com.delaythread; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MyNeedActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private ProgressBar progressBar; private final Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(final Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); progressBar.setVisibility(ProgressBar.INVISIBLE); } }; @Override public void onClick(final View v) { if(v.getId() == R.id.button1) { /* This call doesn't make ProgressBar frozen. final Thread t = new Thread(new MyRunnable()); t.start(); progressBar.setVisibility(ProgressBar.VISIBLE); */ // This makes ProgressBar frozen in 4000 miliseconds. final boolean b = handler.postDelayed(new MyRunnable(), 100); if(b) { progressBar.setVisibility(ProgressBar.VISIBLE); } } } /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ((Button)findViewById(R.id.button1)).setOnClickListener(this); progressBar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); } private class MyRunnable implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { sleep(); } private void sleep() { try { Thread.sleep(4000); handler.sendEmptyMessage(0); } catch (final InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } Update: Actually what I want is AsyncTask executes after a delay time, so I do as this answer Java/android how to start an AsyncTask after 3 seconds of delay?. He said I should use Handler and Runnable. A: The following should suit your need according to the post private final Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(final Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); //start Asyntask here. progress show/hide should be done in asynctaswk itself. } }; @Override public void onClick(final View v) { if(v.getId() == R.id.button1) { final boolean b = handler.postDelayed(new MyRunnable() , 1000); } } private class MyRunnable implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { handler.sendmessage(0); } } } | Mid | [
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Q: JScrollPane How do I get caret to set later I have an App that needs to store the current caret position, then recreate data on the scrollpane, and then put user back to the point he was looking at. int scrollIndex = 0; if(scrollPane != null) { scrollIndex = scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().getValue(); } scrollPane = new JScrollPane(newpanel); scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().setValue(scrollIndex); This does not set the caret at the previous scroll - but at some other value I do not understand. I also looked for getCaret but this does not seem to exist. EDIT 1 This almost works: int scrollIndex = 0; JViewport vp = null; if(scrollPane != null) { //scrollIndex = scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().getValue(); vp = scrollPane.getViewport(); } scrollPane = new JScrollPane(newpanel); //scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().setValue(scrollIndex); scrollPane.setViewport(vp); The "view" remains constant at the scrollPoint I am looking at. BUT the scrollbar get sets back to 0 - even though view is fine. If I try to setValue as before - I get wrong view again. When I do scrollPane.setViewport(vp); I there something else I need to do so scrollbars stay in same place? A: Methods scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().getValue() and scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().setValue(scrollIndex); work fine, try that with single JScrollPane. I think your problem in creation of new instance of JScrollPane. Instead of that scrollPane = new JScrollPane(newpanel); use scrollPane.getViewport().setView(newpanel); that help you to change component at viewport for scrolling, without new instance. Watch next example of code: public class Example extends JFrame { private JScrollPane pane; private int value; public Example() { final JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(10, 10); final JTextArea jTextArea2 = new JTextArea(10, 10); jTextArea2.setText("1\n21\n2\n\n\n\n\n121221\ne\n\nee\ne\n"); pane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea); JButton save = new JButton("save"); save.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { value = pane.getVerticalScrollBar().getValue(); } }); JButton load = new JButton("load"); load.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { pane.getViewport().setView(jTextArea2); pane.getVerticalScrollBar().setValue(value); } }); getContentPane().add(save,BorderLayout.WEST); getContentPane().add(pane,BorderLayout.CENTER); getContentPane().add(load,BorderLayout.EAST); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); pack(); setLocationRelativeTo(null); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { new Example().setVisible(true); } }); } } | Low | [
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Q: Apache - Mod rewrite "or redirect" I need to make rewrite condition: I want to redirect user to /Cms/index.php/$1 when "cms" was found in URL for example: http://example.com/cms/ Otherwise I want to redirect to /App/index.php/$1, I've already made something but it gave me 500 Error. RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^cms /Cms/index.php/$1 [L] RewriteRule ^.*$ /App/index.php/$1 [L] Thanks @edit I tried but it also made me 500. error.log [Sun Dec 23 19:40:54 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error.vUse 'LimitInternalRecursion' to increase the limit if necessary. Use 'LogLevel debug' to get a backtrace. A: Note that apache doesn't run the rewrite-rules just once. It tries applying the rules until the url no longer changes (this makes mod_rewrite extremely powerful). That is why you get the error. The rules are creating a redirect loop. e.g /cms/test directs to /Cms/index.php/test, which in turn is matches by the second rule, causing it to direct to /App/index.php/Cms/index.php/test, this url get matched again by the second rule, directing it to /App/index.php/App/index.php/Cms/index.php/test etc. To prevent this loop, add a rewrite-condition: RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^cms /Cms/index.php/$1 [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(Cms|App) RewriteRule ^.*$ /App/index.php/$1 [L] | High | [
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--- abstract: 'In recent years, point clouds have earned quite some research interest by the development of depth sensors. Due to different layouts of objects, orientation of point clouds is often unknown in real applications. In this paper, we propose a new point-set learning framework named Pointwise Rotation-Invariant Network (PRIN), focusing on achieving rotation-invariance in point clouds. We construct spherical signals by Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (DAAS) from sparse points and employ Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) to extract rotation-invariant features for each point. Our network can be applied to applications ranging from object classification, part segmentation, to 3D feature matching and label alignment. PRIN shows performance better than state-of-the-art methods on part segmentation without data augmentation. We provide theoretical analysis for what our network has learned and why it is robust to input orientation. Our code is available online[^1].' author: - | Yang You[^2]\ Shanghai Jiao Tong University\ [[email protected]]{} - | Yujing Lou\ Shanghai Jiao Tong University\ [[email protected]]{} - | Qi Liu\ Shanghai Jiao Tong University\ [[email protected]]{} - | Yu-Wing Tai\ Tencent\ [[email protected]]{} - | Weiming Wang\ Shanghai Jiao Tong University\ [[email protected]]{} - | Lizhuang Ma\ Shanghai Jiao Tong University\ [[email protected]]{} - | Cewu Lu[^3]\ Shanghai Jiao Tong University\ [[email protected]]{} title: 'PRIN: Pointwise Rotation-Invariant Networks' --- Introduction ============ Deep learning on point clouds has received tremendous interest in recent years. Since depth cameras capture point clouds directly, efficient and robust point processing methods like classification, segmentation and reconstruction have become key components in real-world applications. Robots, autonomous cars, 3D face recognition and many other fields rely on learning and analysis of point clouds. Existing works like PointNet[@8099499] and PointNet++[@NIPS2017_7095] have achieved remarkable results in point cloud learning and shape analysis. But they focus on objects with canonical orientation and perform well only on specially appointed viewpoints. In real applications, these methods fail to be applied to rotated shape analysis since model orientation is often unknown as a priori, as shown in Figure \[fig:pn\_partition\]. In addition, existing frameworks require massive data augmentation to handle rotations, which induce unacceptable computational cost. ![**PointNet++[@NIPS2017_7095] part segmentation results on rotated shapes.** When trained on objects with canonical orientation and evaluated on rotated ones, PointNet++ is unaware of their orientation and fails to segment their parts out.[]{data-label="fig:pn_partition"}](figs//fig2.png){width="\linewidth"} Spherical CNN[@cohen2018spherical] and a similar method[@esteves2018learning] try to solve this problem and proposes a global feature extracted from continuous meshes, while they are not suitable for point clouds since they project 3D meshes onto their enclosing spheres using a ray casting scheme. Difficulty lies in how to apply spherical convolution in continuous domain to sparse point clouds. Besides, by projecting onto unit sphere, their method is limited to processing convex shapes, ignoring any concave structures. Therefore, we propose a pointwise rotation-invariant network (PRIN) to handle these problems. Firstly, to do spherical convolution on point clouds, we observe the discrepancy between spherical space and Euclidean space, and propose Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (DAAS) to avoid biased sampling. Secondly, we come up with Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) without loss of rotation-invariance, which is able to capture any concave information. Furthermore, we propose point-wise rotation-invariant loss that helps to extract **rotation-invariant features for each point**, instead of a **global feature** used in Spherical CNN. PRIN is a network that directly takes point clouds with random rotations as input, and predicts both categories and pointwise segmentation labels without data augmentation. It absorbs the advantages of both Spherical CNN and PointNet-like network by keeping rotation-invariant features, while maintaining a one-to-one point correspondence between input and output. PRIN learns rotation-invariant features at point level. Afterwards, these features could be aggregated into a global descriptor or per-point descriptor to achieve model classification or part segmentation, respectively. We experimentally compare PRIN with a number of state-of-the-art approaches on the benchmark dataset Shrec17[@Yi16] and ModelNet40[@wu20153d]. Under a unified architecture, PRIN exhibits remarkable performance. {height="5.5cm"} The key contributions of this paper are as follows: - [We design a novel deep network processing pipeline that extracts rotation-invariant point-level features.]{} - [Two key techniques: Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (DAAS) and Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) are proposed. ]{} - [We show that our network can be used for 3D point matching under different rotations.]{} Related Work ============ Learning from Geometries ------------------------ The development of features from geometries could be retrospected to manual designed features, including Point Feature Histograms (PFH)[@4650967], Fast Point Feature Histograms (FPFH)[@5152473], Signature of Histogram Orientations (SHOT)[@SALTI2014251], and Unique Shape Contexts (USC)[@Tombari:2010:USC:1877808.1877821]. These descriptors rely on delicate hand-craft design, and could only capture low-level geometric features. Besides, these features are not robust to noisy or partial scanned data since they are devised for certain datasets or specific models. As the consequence of success in deep learning, various methods have been proposed for better understanding 3D geometries. Convolutional neural networks are applied to volumetric data since its format is similar to pixel and easy to transfer to existing frameworks. 3D ShapeNet[@7298801], VoxNet[@7353481] and Volumetric CNNs[@7780978] are pioneers introducing fully-connected networks to voxels. However, dealing with voxel data requires large memory and its sparsity also makes it challenging to extract particular features from big data. Even subsequent methods such as FPNN[@DBLP:journals/corr/LiPSQG16] propose special operators to deal with this problem, there is no efficient way for voxel learning. Another research branch is multi-view methods. 3D CNN[@7780978] and MVCNN [@su2015multi] render 3D models into multi-view images and propagate these images into traditional convolutional neural networks. These approaches are limited to simple tasks like classification and not suitable for 3D segmentation, key point matching or other senior tasks. Besides, for graphs and meshes, a series of works have been proposed[@Maron:2017:CNN:3072959.3073616; @8100059; @8100180], and Bronstein et al.[@7974879] has made a detailed survey of the above works. Spherical CNN[@cohen2018spherical] and a similar method[@esteves2018learning] propose to extract global rotation-invariant features from continuous meshes, while they are not suitable for point clouds since they project 3D meshes onto their enclosing spheres using a ray casting scheme. Learning from Point Clouds -------------------------- With the development of 3D cameras, learning from point clouds has been given great attention. Point clouds possess two special good characteristics. First is that they could be consumed by networks without data pre-processing. Secondly, they are highly computational efficient. This means by designing more innovative features or networks, one could achieve better performance. PointNet[@8099499] is the pioneer in building a general framework for learning point clouds. PointNet++[@NIPS2017_7095] stacks PointNet hierarchically for better capturing local structures. Since then, many structures are proposed to learn from point clouds. PointCNN[@li2018pointcnn] uses X-Conv at local feature extraction stage to perform better on various tasks. PCNN[@DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1803-10091] utilizes extension and restriction operators to transform point clouds to Euclidean volumetric space for better performance. PointSIFT[@1807.00652] proposes an innovative SIFT-like feature learning method, which is more robust in semantic segmentation. MCCNN[@hermosilla2018mccnn] introduces Monte Carlo convolution for better understanding non-uniformly sampled point clouds, which demonstrate its advantages in real-world data analysis. P2P-Net[@DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1803-09263] applies bidirectional networks and extend PointNet++ to learn geometric transformations between two point clouds. PCPNet[@GuerreroEtAl:PCPNet:EG:2018] and PointProNets[@Rov18a] are designed to learn normals and curvatures on raw point clouds and fit it to a series of novel applications. Kd-Network[@8237361] utilizes kd-tree structures to form the computational graph, which learns from point clouds hierarchically. SyncSpecCNN[@8100180] targets at learning non-isometric shapes, and combines multi-scale spectral information with Spectral Transformer Network for better shape segmentation performance. Method ====== We now introduce PRIN and the whole pipeline is shown in Figure \[fig:pipeline\]. We start with some preliminaries of understanding rotation-invariance in Section \[sec:pre\]. In Section \[sec:input\], we show how to sample sparse input clouds adaptively with Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (part **a**). In Section \[sec:rotinv\], we derive Spherical Voxel Convolution and its invariance property (part **b**). Then in Section \[sec:output\], we talk about network heads for part segmentation (part **c**) and classification (part **d**). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose a method to learn end-to-end rotation-invariant point features from sparse point clouds. Preliminaries {#sec:pre} ------------- #### Spherical CNN ![2D rotation-invariant point feature illustration. “\*” means 2D rotation convolution around the circle and numbers around circles denote different feature/filter values at their corresponding positions.[]{data-label="fig:invariance"}](figs//rebuttal_v2.png){width="0.9\linewidth"} We explain how Spherical CNN[@cohen2018spherical] achieve rotation-invariance in meshes by a toy example. Here we use 2D rotation group convolutions to illustrate the idea, as shown in Figure \[fig:invariance\]. In the figure, “filter” is the parameters to be learnt and will not change when input rotates. We can see that when input rotates 90 degrees clockwise, as a consequence of convolution operation, output rotates 90 degrees simultaneously. Therefore, maxpooling the output gives a global rotation-invariant feature. It is the same story when applied to 3D rotation group convolutions, but with different orthogonal rotation bases. Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling {#sec:input} ------------------------------- With the insight of rotation-invariance in Spherical CNN, we seek to solve the problem in 3D point clouds domain. However, it is not a straight-forward extension, since the input signal is irregular point clouds instead of meshes. To do so, we should transform irregular point clouds into spherical voxels in order to enable spherical voxel convolution. Nonetheless, if we sample point clouds uniformly into regular spherical voxels, we will meet a problem: points around pole appear to be more sparse than those around equator in spherical coordinates, which brings a bias to resulting spherical voxel signals. To address this problem, we use Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (DAAS) to transform such irregular point clouds into regular spherical voxels. DAAS leverages a non-uniform filter to adjust to density discrepancy brought by spherical coordinates, thus reducing the bias. Before we discuss spherical voxels, some definitions are given out: #### Unit Sphere The space of unit sphere $S^2$ can be defined as the set of points $p \in \mathbb{R}^3$ with norm 1. It is a two-dimensional manifold, which can be parameterized by spherical coordinates $(\alpha, \beta)$, where $\alpha\in [0, 2\pi]$ denotes the azimuthal angle in the xy-axis plane while $\beta\in [0, \pi]$ denotes the polar angle from the positive z-axis. #### Spherical Voxel Space A spherical voxel point is identified with three dimensions $S^2\times H$, where $(\alpha, \beta) \in S^2$ represents its location projected onto unit sphere while $h\in H$ represents the distance to the sphere center.\ Our goal is to compute signal $f: S^2\times H\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ at each discrete spherical voxel location $(\alpha[i], \beta[j], h[k])$, given that $i\in\{0,1, \dots, I\}$, $j\in\{0,1,\dots, J\}$, $k\in\{0,1,\dots, K\}$ and $I, J, K$ are predefined resolutions. We denote $(\alpha_n, \beta_n, h_n)$ as the $n$-th point coordinate in $S^2\times H$ and $N$ as the total number of points. We use an anisotropic box filter in spherical coordinates, which can be seen as to weight the contributions from points nearby softly: $$\label{eq:change} \begin{split} f(\alpha[i], \beta[j], h[k]) = & \frac{\sum\limits^N_{n=1}w_n\cdot(\delta - \|h[k] - h_n\|)}{\sum\limits^N_{n=1}w_n}, \end{split}$$ where $w_n$ is a normalizing factor that is defined as $$\label{eq:wt} \begin{split} w_n =\ &\mathbf{1}(\|\alpha[i] - \alpha_n\| < \delta) \\ \cdot &\mathbf{1}(\|\beta[j] - \beta_n\| < \eta\delta) \\ \cdot &\mathbf{1}(\|h[k] - h_n\| < \delta), \end{split}$$ where $\delta$ is some predefined filter width. We choose the original signal to be $(\delta - \|h[k] - h_n\|) \in [0, \delta]$ in Equation \[eq:change\] because it captures information along $H$ axis, which is orthogonal to $S^2$, making it invariant under rotations. ![**Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling**. We sample adaptively according to the density in spherical space; filters near pole are wider than those near equator.[]{data-label="fig:density"}](figs//density_v3.png){width="\linewidth"} #### Density-Aware Factor $\eta = sin(\beta)$ is the density-aware sampling factor since uniform density in Euclidean coordinates introduces non-uniform density in spherical coordinates, as shown in Figure \[fig:density\]. For more details of the factor $sin(\beta)$, see our supplementary material. #### Discussion Compared with PointNet++[@8099499] and PointCNN[@li2018pointcnn], who need to first sample and group points nearby without providing an explicit regular voxel representation in Euclidean coordinates, ours has a uniform structure that is already ready for convolution and pooling. On the other hand, when compared with traditional 3D convolution methods[@7298801; @7353481; @7780978], our design of distorted spherical voxels makes rotation-invariant feature extraction possible. Besides, our network could handle sparse point clouds but also continuous mesh inputs by recording each voxel’s signed distance field. At this stage, we convert irregular unordered points into regular spherical voxels. Spherical Voxel Convolution {#sec:rotinv} --------------------------- Given constructed spherical voxel signal, we introduce Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) that helps to keep our network rotation-invariant. Notice that this is different from Spherical CNN, where only spherical signals defined in $S^2$ get convoluted. We extend the convolution definition to spherical voxels defined in $S^2\times H$. #### Rotations The rotation group $SO(3)$[@kostelec2008ffts], termed “special orthogonal group”, is a three-dimensional manifold, and can be parameterized by ZYZ-Euler angles $(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$, where $\alpha \in [0, 2\pi], \beta \in [0, \pi], $ and $\gamma \in [0, 2\pi]$. #### Rotations of Spherical Voxel Signals We introduce the rotation operator $L_R$ that operates on spherical voxels. $$\label{eq:rotvox} [L_Rf](x, h) = f(R^{-1}x, h),$$ where $R\in SO(3)$, $x\in S^2$, $h \in H$ and $f: S^2\times H\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. Intuitively, this operation only rotates the signal by its unit spherical coordinates, regardless of $H$ domain. #### Spherical Voxel Convolution {#spherical-voxel-convolution} With the above definition, we now define the convolution between two spherical voxel signals: $$\label{eq:voxelconv} \begin{split} [\psi\star f] (p) = &\langle L_{\Tilde{p}}\psi, f\rangle \\ = &\int_h\int_x\psi(\Tilde{p}^{-1}x, h)f(x, h)dxdh, \end{split}$$ where $p\in S^2\times H$, $\Tilde{p} \in SO(3)$, $x\in S^2$, $h \in H$ and $\psi, f: S^2\times H\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. For this equation to hold, we establish a bijective mapping (isomorphism) between $S^2\times H$ and $SO(3)$ by considering $H$ as $SO(3)/S^2=SO(2)$ (see our supplementary material), and then apply Equation \[eq:rotvox\]. We use $\Tilde{p}$ to denote $p$’s corresponding element in $SO(3)$. #### Equivariance To derive rotation-invariant features for each point, we need an important property of voxel convolution: **equivariance**. With the unitarity of operator $L_R$[@cohen2018spherical], the equivariance of spherical voxel convolution defined in Equation \[eq:voxelconv\] can be described as $$\label{eq:equiv} \begin{split} [\psi\star[L_Rf]](p)=[L_R[\psi\star f]](p), \end{split}$$ where $R\in SO(3)$ is an arbitrary rotation. #### Rotation-Invariant KL Divergence Loss We now define rotation-invariant KL divergence loss for each point $p$: $$\begin{split} Loss(p) = KL([\psi\star f](p), y(p)), \end{split}$$ where $f$ is the input signal, $\psi$ is the kernel whose parameters are to be learned and $y$ is the ground-truth one-hot labels. To show the rotation-invariance, suppose that an input point cloud is rotated by an arbitrary rotation $R$, with $f'=L_Rf$ and $p' = Rp$, the new loss is: $$\begin{split} Loss(p') = &Loss(Rp) \\ = & KL([\psi\star f'](Rp), y(p')) \\ = & KL([\psi\star [L_Rf]](Rp), y(p')) \\ = & KL([L_R[\psi\star f]](Rp), y(p')) \quad\text{(Equation~\ref{eq:equiv})}\\ = & KL([L_{R^{-1}}L_R[\psi\star f]](p), y(p')) \quad\text{(Equation~\ref{eq:rotvox})}\\ = & KL([\psi\star f](p), y(p')) \\ = & KL([\psi\star f](p), y(p)) \quad\text{(label stays the same)}\\ = & Loss(p). \end{split}$$ We see that this loss is consistent under all orientations of the point cloud, thus by evaluating $\psi\star f$ at each point $p$, we would obtain rotation-invariant point-wise features. In practice, with analogy to $SO(3)$ convolution, Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) can be efficiently computed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)[@kostelec2008ffts]. Convolutions are implemented by first doing FFT to convert both input and kernels into spectral domain, then multiplying them and converting results back to spatial domain, using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)[@kostelec2008ffts]. #### Discussion Compared with SphericalCNN[@cohen2018spherical], which projects 3D objects onto their enclosing spheres and therefore loses on dimension, our Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) utilizes all information available on spherical voxels ($S^2\times H$). This has a benefit in capturing complex non-convex structures inside the object. Besides, thanks to SVC, we would obtain a one-to-one point correspondence between input and output (discussed in Section \[sec:output\]), which leads to **pointwise** features. In addition, when compared with traditional 3D convolution methods like [@7298801; @7353481; @7780978], SVC shares a similar computing pattern but “distorts the space of convolution”. In this way, extracted features are robust to arbitrary rotations while traditional 3D convolution is not. This contributes to **rotation-invariant** features. Output Network {#sec:output} -------------- After Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC), we get an output feature vector at each discrete location in $S^2\times H$. Then they are passed through fully connected layers to get a final part segmentation score per spherical voxel. To find rotation-invariant features at original points’ locations, we leverage *Trilinear Interpolation*. Each point’s feature is a weighted average of nearest eight voxels, where the weights are inversely related to the distances to these spherical voxels. This operation is shown in part **c** of Figure \[fig:pipeline\]. It should be mentioned that our network is still able to realize object classification by placing a different head. In this case, we maxpool all the features in spherical voxels and pass this global feature through several fully connected layers to predict final object class scores, as shown in part **d** in Figure \[fig:pipeline\]. This provides a competitive alternative to PointNet[@8099499] or PointNet++[@NIPS2017_7095], while maintaining rotation-invariance. Method NR/NR NR/AR R$\times10$ R$\times20$ R$\times30$ params input size ---------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------- ------------------ PointNet[@8099499] 93.42/83.43 45.66/28.26 61.02/41.59 67.85/50.54 74.91/58.66 3.5M $2048\times 3$ PointNet++[@NIPS2017_7095] **94.00/84.62** 60.15/38.16 69.06/47.26 70.01/49.26 70.82/49.95 1.7M $1024\times 3$ SyncSpecCNN[@8100180] 93.78/83.53 47.13/30.41 61.33/41.40 68.10/50.76 73.44/58.03 4.2M $2048\times 33$ Kd-Network[@8237361] 90.33/82.36 40.66/24.76 59.11/38.70 64.50/47.60 69.33/51.06 3.7M $2^{15}\times 3$ Ours 88.97/73.96 **78.13/57.41** **80.94/64.25** **83.83/67.68** **84.76/68.76** **0.4M** $2048\times 3$ Experiments {#seq:experiments} =========== In this section, we show the performance of PRIN in different applications. First, we demonstrate that our model can be used to perform part segmentation and 3D shape classification with random orientation. Then, we conduct ablation study to validate each part of our network design. At last, we provide some applications on 3D point matching and shape alignment. PRIN is implemented with PyTorch on a NVIDIA TITAN Xp. In all of our experiments, we optimize PRIN using Adam with batch size of 16 and initial learning rate of 0.01. Learning rate is halved every 5 epochs. {height="8cm"} Part segmentation on rotated shapes ----------------------------------- #### Dataset ShapeNet part dataset [@Yi16] contains 16,881 shapes from 16 categories in which each shape is annotated with expert verified part labels from 50 different labels in total. Most shapes are composed of two to five parts.\ We show our pipeline can be trained to accomplish rotation-invariant part segmentation task. Even though state-of-the-art network like PointNet[@8099499] and PointNet++[@8099499] can achieve a fairly good result, these network can’t perform well on rotated point clouds. Segmentation is more challenging compared with other 3D tasks , especially for rotated point clouds. We compare our network with several state-of-the-art networks for 3D shape part segmentation. Three tasks are considered: 1\. Train and test with no rotations. 2\. Train with no rotations and test with arbitrary rotations. 3\. Train with 10/20/30 rotations per model as data augmentation, then test with arbitrary rotations. Table \[tab:compare\] shows the results of each network. All results are reported in accuracy and mIoU[@8099499] metrics. We can find that for other methods, both accuracy and mIoU decrease drastically after test on rotated point cloud. It is possible to improve their performance if we give them enough views of different orientations by data augmentation. In Table \[tab:compare\], it shows that after augmenting data by rotating point clouds with 10/20/30 random orientations per model, their performance improves a little. However, it introduces higher computational cost and their performance is still inferior to ours. Figure \[fig:main\] gives the visualization of results between state-of-the-art and our network over ShapeNet part dataset. Influenced by the canonical orientation of point clouds in the training set, networks like PointNet and PointNet++ just learn a simple partition of Euclidean space, regardless of how objects are positioned in the space. For this task, we use four Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) layers with channels 64, 40, 40, 50 in our experiments. All convolution layers have the same bandwidth 32. Each kernel $\psi$ has non-local support, where $\psi(\alpha, \beta, h)$ iff $\beta=\pi/2$ and $h = 0$. Two fully-connected layers of size 50 and 50 are concatenated at the end. The final network contains $\approx$ 0.4M parameters and takes 12 hours to train, for 40 epochs. Classification on rotated shapes -------------------------------- #### Dataset ModelNet40 [@wu20153d] classification dataset contains 12,308 shapes from 40 categories. Here, we use its corresponding point clouds provided by PointNet[@8099499].\ Method NR/NR NR/AR params ---------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- -------- PointNet[@8099499] 88.45 12.47 3.5M PointNet++[@NIPS2017_7095] 89.82 21.35 1.5M Point2Sequence[@liu2018point2sequence] **92.60** 10.53 1.8M Kd-Network[@8237361] 86.20 8.49 3.6M Ours 80.13 **68.85** 1.5M : **Classification results on ModelNet40 dataset.** Performance is evaluated in accuracy. NR/NR means to train with no rotations and test with no rotations. NR/AR means to train with no rotations and test with arbitrary rotations. PRIN is robust to arbitrary rotations while other methods fail to classify correctly.[]{data-label="tab:classify"} Though classification does not require pointwise rotation-invariant features but a global feature, our network still benefits from DAAS and SVC so that it could handle point clouds with unknown orientation. We compare our network with several state-of-the-art methods that handle point clouds. We train our network on the non-rotated training set and achieve 68.85% accuracy on the rotated test set. All other methods fail to generalize to unseen orientation. The results are shown in Table \[tab:classify\]. For this task, we use four Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) layers with channels 64, 50, 70, 350 in our experiments. The bandwidths for each layer are 64, 32, 22, 7. Each kernel $\psi$ has non-local support, where $\psi(\alpha, \beta, h)$ iff $\beta=\pi/2$ and $h = 0$. A maxpooling layer is concatenated at the end to get a global feature, followed by two fully-connected layers. The final network contains $\approx$ 1.5M parameters and takes 12 hours to train, for 40 epochs. Ablation Study -------------- In this section we evaluate numerous variations of our method to determine the sensitivity to design choices. Experiment results are shown in Table \[tab:ablation\] and Figure \[fig:robustness\]. bandwidth res. on $H$ DAAS acc/mIoU ----------- ------------- ------ ------------- 32 64 Yes 78.13/57.41 16 64 Yes 74.53/53.80 8 64 Yes 71.17/47.10 32 32 Yes 76.56/55.63 32 8 Yes 76.14/54.88 32 1 Yes 76.19/54.32 32 64 No 74.61/54.2 : **Ablation study.** PRIN NR/AR accuracy on rotated ShapeNet part dataset. We compare various types of bandwidth, resolutions on $H$ and whether to use DAAS.[]{data-label="tab:ablation"} #### Input Bandwidth One decisive factor of our network is the bandwidth. Bandwidth is used to describe the sphere precision, which is also the resolution on $S^2$. Mostly, large bandwidth offers more details of spherical voxels, such that our network can extract more specific point features of point clouds. While large bandwidth assures more specific representation of part knowledge, more memory cost is accompanied. The results from Table \[tab:ablation\] give us sufficient evidence to validate the improvement with increasing of input bandwidth. #### Resolution on $H$ Here we study the effects of the resolution on $H$ dimension, which is also the number of sphere signals that are stacked. Table \[tab:ablation\] shows the results of different numbers of resolutions we set. We find that increasing the resolution improves the performance slightly. This is mainly because the point clouds are not so complicated with internal concave structures and could be distinguished with only one cross-section. #### Sampling Strategy Recall that in Equation \[eq:change\], we construct our signal on each spherical voxel with an density-aware sampling filter. We now study the effect of Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (DAAS) and the result is shown in Table \[tab:ablation\]. We see that using the $sin(\beta)$ corrected sampling filter gives a superior performance result, which is also confirmed in our theory. ![**Segmentation robustness results.** **From left to right**: we sample a subset of 2048, 1024, 512, 256 points from test point clouds respectively. We observe that our network is robust to missing points and gives consistent results.[]{data-label="fig:robustness"}](figs//robustness.png){width="\linewidth"} #### Segmentation Robustness PRIN also reveals a good adaption to corrupted and missing points. Although some points are missing, our network still segments correctly for each point. We show in Figure \[fig:robustness\] that PRIN predicts consistent labels regardless of point density. Application ----------- ![**3D point matching.** Point matching results between two different airplanes at two different orientations.[]{data-label="fig:matching"}](figs//matching_comp.png){width="\linewidth"} #### 3D Rotation-Invariant Point Descriptors On 2D image, we have SIFT, which is a rotation-invariant feature descriptor. Our rotation-invariant network is able to produce high quality rotation-invariant 3D point descriptors. This is pretty useful as pairwise searching and matching become possible regardless of rotations. Like what we do on 2D images, we have feature descriptor library on 3D, given a point cloud, we can retrieve the closest matching descriptor under arbitrary rotations. This is shown in the Figure \[fig:matching\]. We know that which part this point belongs to and where it locates on the object immediately. This 3D point descriptor has the potential to do scene searching and parsing as the degree of freedom reduces from six to three, leaving only translations. ![**Chair alignment with its back on the top.** **Left:** A misalignment induces large KL divergence. **Right:** Required labels fulfilled with small KL divergence.[]{data-label="fig:alignment"}](figs//alignment.png){width="\linewidth"} #### Shape Alignment with Label Priors We now introduce a task that given some label requirements in the space, our network would align the point cloud satisfying these requirements. For example, one may want a chair that has its back on the top. So we add the virtual points describing the label requirement. Once the KL divergence between predicted scores and ground-truth one-hot labels of these virtual points is minimized, the chair is aligned with its back on the top. This is shown in Figure \[fig:alignment\]. Discussions and Future Work =========================== To convert sparse point clouds into a suitable format that is ready for rotation group convolution, we tried several strategies such as Euclidean-kNN, image filtering on cross sections and so on. They both introduce a large bias when further convolved with rotation group kernels. The key reason for these methods to fail is that they are agnostic of discrepancy between Euclidean space and spherical space. This reason is also confirmed in our ablation study: accuracy/mIoU drops for four percent when uniform sampling in Euclidean is used. Besides, our Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) is totally different from traditional 3D convolution in that the design of spherical voxels makes it rotation-invariant. From another point of view, we have brought 3D convolution into spherical space by exploiting an important fact: translation-invariant 3D convolution in spherical space (FFTed) is rotation-invariant in Euclidean space. Though our network is invariant to point cloud rotations, we see there are some failure cases that when there are complex internal structures of the object as in Figure \[fig:failure\]. This may be caused by that our filters are not perfect and special filters instead of box filters can be designed. Though current filters are density-aware, they are not aware of curvature change. Also, due to computational considerations, input voxel resolution, which is defined by bandwidth[@cohen2018spherical] is limited to about 32 while better results can be obtained with higher resolution. We leave this memory-efficient convolution and special design of filters as our future work. ![**Failure cases.**[]{data-label="fig:failure"}](figs//failure.png){width="\linewidth"} Conclusion ========== We present PRIN, a network that takes any input point cloud and leverages Density-Aware Adaptive Sampling (DAAS) to construct signals on spherical voxels. Then Spherical Voxel Convolution (SVC) follows to extract pointwise rotation-invariant features. We place two different output heads to do both 3D point clouds classification and 3D point clouds part segmentation. Our experiments show that our network is robust to arbitrary orientation even not trained on them. Our network can be applied to 3D point feature matching and shape alignment with label priors. We show that our model can naturally handle arbitrary input orientation for different tasks and provide theoretical analysis that helps to understand our network. Supplementary {#supplementary .unnumbered} ============= Density-Aware Factor $\eta$ {#sec:freqchange} =========================== #### Spacing Representations We denote volumes (spacing) in euclidean ($\mathbb{R}^3$) and spherical ($S^2$) coordinates as $dxdydz$ and $d\alpha d\beta dr$ respectively, where $r=1$ is a dummy variable representing the radius. #### Jacobian Given the relationship from spherical coordinates to Euclidean coordinates, $$\begin{aligned} \begin{split} x &= rsin(\beta)cos(\alpha)\\ y &= rsin(\beta)sin(\alpha)\\ z &= rcos(\beta) \end{split}\end{aligned}$$ The Jacobian $J_t = \frac{dxdydz}{d\alpha d\beta dr}$ of this transformation is $$\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\partial x}{\partial\alpha} & \frac{\partial x}{\partial\beta} & \frac{\partial x}{\partial r} \\ \frac{\partial y}{\partial\alpha} & \frac{\partial y}{\partial\beta} & \frac{\partial y}{\partial r} \\ \frac{\partial z}{\partial\alpha} & \frac{\partial z}{\partial\beta} & \frac{\partial z}{\partial r}. \end{bmatrix}$$ Write this out, $$\begin{bmatrix} -rsin(\beta)sin(\alpha) & rcos(\beta)cos(\alpha) & sin(\beta)cos(\alpha) \\ rsin(\beta)cos(\alpha) & rcos(\beta)sin(\alpha) & sin(\beta)sin(\alpha) \\ 0 & -rsin(\beta) & cos(\beta) \end{bmatrix}.$$ The absolute value of the Jacobian determinant is $r^2sin(\beta)$. #### Spacing Relations The spacing relationship between $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $S^2$ is, $$dxdydz = r^2sin(\beta)d\alpha d\beta dr.$$ Since $r = 1$, we have, $$dxdydz = sin(\beta)d\alpha d\beta.$$ Therefore, we choose density-aware factor $\eta$ to be $sin(\beta)$ as density is reciprocal to spacing. Haar Measure and Parameterization on $S^2$ and $SO(3)$ ====================================================== #### Parameterization of $SO(3)$ For any element $R \in SO(3)$, it could be parameterized by ZYZ Euler angles, $$\label{eq:zyz} R = R(\alpha, \beta, \gamma) = Z(\alpha)Y(\beta)Z(\gamma)$$ where $\alpha \in [0, 2\pi], \beta \in [0, \pi], $ and $\gamma \in [0, 2\pi]$, and Z/Y are rotations around Z/Y axes. #### Haar Measure of $SO(3)$ The normalized Haar measure is $$dR = \frac{d\alpha}{2\pi}\frac{d\beta sin(\beta)}{2}\frac{d\gamma}{2\pi}.$$ The Haar measure [@kyatkin2000engineering; @nachbin1976haar] is invariant because it has the property that $$\int_{SO(3)}f(R^{'}R)dR = \int_{SO(3)}f(R)dR,$$ for any $R^{'}\in SO(3)$. #### Parameterization of $S^2$ Likewise, an element $x \in S^2$ is written as $$\label{eq:zy} x(\alpha, \beta) = Z(\alpha)Y(\beta)n,$$ where $n$ is the north pole. This parameterization makes explicit the fact that the sphere is a quotient $S^2 = SO(3)/SO(2)$, where $SO(2)$ is the subgroup of rotations around the Z axes. #### Haar Measure of $S^2$ and $SO(2)$ The normalized Haar measure for the sphere is $$dx = \frac{d\alpha}{2\pi}\frac{d\beta sin(\beta)}{2}.$$ The normalized Haar measure for $SO(2)$ is $$\label{eq:so2} dh = \frac{d\gamma}{2\pi}.$$ Mapping between $S^2 \times H$ and $SO(3)$ {#sec:map} ========================================== #### Bijactive Mapping For an element $(x, h) \in S^2\times H$, where $x:=x(\alpha, \beta) \in S^2$, if we view $H$ as $SO(2)$, $$(x(\alpha, \beta), h) = (Z(\alpha)Y(\beta)n, Z(h)).$$ There is a bijective mapping from $(x, h)$ to $R(\alpha, \beta, h)$, as $R(\alpha, \beta, h)$ can be written as, $$R(\alpha, \beta, h) = Z(\alpha)Y(\beta)Z(h),$$ and the mapping: $$Z(\alpha)Y(\beta)Z(h) \Longleftrightarrow (Z(\alpha)Y(\beta)n, Z(h)).$$ #### Isomorphism by Rotation Operator With this mapping, any rotation that happens in voxel space $S^2\times H$ will transfer to $SO(3)$ safely, $$\begin{split} (Qx(\alpha, \beta), h) &=(QZ(\alpha)Y(\beta)n, Z(h))\\ &\Rightarrow (QZ(\alpha)Y(\beta))Z(h)\\ &=QZ(\alpha)Y(\beta)Z(h) \\ &=QR(\alpha, \beta, h) \end{split}$$ Notice that there is a $2\pi$ constant factor change between the measure of $H$ and the measure of rotations around $Z$ axes, as shown in Equation \[eq:so2\]. [^1]: https://github.com/qq456cvb/PRIN [^2]: Equal contribution. [^3]: Corresponding author. | High | [
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Watch the 5th episode of Confessions of a Gamer – Gaming Talk Show, presented by Caseking hosted by Stefan “Slame” Krumme and Axelle “Mizuni” Jamous. They bring you the latest news from the NVIDIA & Caseking GeForce GTX Bootcamp powered by MSI! Today’s Guests: Neil “pr0lly” Hammad pr0lly’s Twitter page H2K-Gaming “Ryu” Sang-Wook Ryu’s Twitter page H2K-Gaming Hampus “Fox” Myhre Fox’s Twitter page SK-Gaming Erlend “Nukeduck” Holm Nukeduck’s Twitter page Team ROCCAT | Mid | [
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I entered the sale to Allegheny in Sitara (deal 224977) effective 4/1/200 thru 10/31/2000. Dick, Scott, the sales price is trigger deal priced at NX1 + $.22. Allegheny holds the trigger and the daily volume is 1,532 day at Leach or the CGAS pool. My contact at Allegheny is Nat Miljus (phone 412-394-2953). David is going to make me fill out a term ticket and I'm running it through Dick's book. | Low | [
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August 20, 2012 Freshy Clipped Hydrangea's and a New Ruffled Tablecloth Good Morning! How is it possible that we find ourselves beginning the last two weeks of August! I realized this morning that my kids have two weeks and two day until school starts - - - WHAT!!!!!!. It seems I've been enjoying my summer of laziness a little too much and better get my act together soon! Speaking of which, while watering the slightly too crispy looking flowers in my garden this morning I couldn't resist the urge to clip a handful of Hydrangea's. Since I thought they would be perfect to help show off my newly sewn tablecloth I didn't hesitate . . . much. Ahhhhh, nothing beats a jar full of Hydrangea's . . . back to these beauties in a minute. First take a look at my newly finished tablecloth. This has been one of many projects in the back of my mind for the past few months. After procrastinating most of the summer, last week I dug out the sewing machine and a set of Lenda curtains purchased at Ikea. One of the curtains I simply laid over the table as the base. The second curtain I cut up to make the ruffle. After pinning the ruffle to the base I quickly sewed it on and I was done! Super simple and quick. Now my nasty oaky table honey won't let me near with a paint brush is all covered up. (hmmm, wonder if honey will at least let me paint the chairs?) Now back to the beautiful Hydrangea's. This bunch were clipped from my Limelight Hydrangea's. I love that they are just starting to get a touch of green and a dusting of pink to them. I think they are just gorgeous at this stage. Since the flowers were so pretty and I didn't want to just set them down and walk away. Such beauties deserved a little more of my attention. A set of jelly molds I picked up at a recent flea market were set between the jars of flowers to hold tea lights. Vintage handkerchief's from my collection were set out to use as napkins. This is something that I have been doing for a while now for special occasions. I love the pretty designs you can find and the pop of color they add to the table is a welcomed addition. There you have it. Hydrangea's and a tablecloth. Pretty exciting stuff for me! Just because I can't help myself, here's one more pretty photo for you. your hydrangeas are so dainty and pretty, robin! such a pretty tablecloth and tablescape:) love the idea to paint the chairs, too--good luck with honey! our kids have gone back already! enjoy the last of your summer:) YOU HAD ME AT HYDRANGEAS BUT THEN PUSHED ME OVER THE EDGE WITH THE RUFFLED TABLECLOTH!! ahhh sigh - completely fab! I wish I could come over & get that tablecloth and put it on MY table - remember, I think we have the same one...ugh! xoxo LOVE your tablecloth Robin...it's so simple but so pretty! I'd like to make one myself but I'm not exactly an expert at sewing. Would you mind giving more details on how you made the ruffle and the size of the ruffle? Any extra info would be great! Thank you!! Robin,I love the way you put together 'things' and wonder if I could pay you for a jpg. of a photo of blue mason jars with hydrandeas? Would you contact me at [email protected] so I can speak with you in more details.Thanks,Jann"Thy Word is a Lamp unto my feet and a Light unto my path." Ps.119:105 Previous Posts Contact Me Happy At Home is the place I am able to channel all of my creativity. No matter if I'm tweaking a simple tabletop display, sewing a new creation, or dragging all my power tools to the living room in order to build something, I am always trying to improve our home. | Low | [
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Private banks overtake PSBs in number of borrowers, raise share in loan outstanding Private banks overtake PSBs in number of borrowers, raise share in loan outstanding An RBI report states that private sector banks led the credit expansion with their share in the total credit successively expanding to 35.7 per cent in December 2019, from 32.2 per cent a year ago and 30.0 per cent two years ago. State-owned banks’ share has fallen from 70 per cent to less than 65 per cent now. (File Photo) Aggressive private banks have overtaken public sector banks (PSBs) in the country in terms of number of borrowers and expanded their share in loan outstandings in calendar year 2019. An RBI report states that private sector banks led the credit expansion with their share in the total credit successively expanding to 35.7 per cent in December 2019, from 32.2 per cent a year ago and 30.0 per cent two years ago. State-owned banks’ share has fallen from 70 per cent to less than 65 per cent now. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), total credit outstanding of private banks was at Rs 35,34,855 crore as of December 2019, as against Rs 29,67,516 crore in December 2018 — a rise of 19.11 per cent. PSBs reported credit outstanding of Rs 58,49,986 crore, a marginal rise of just 1 per cent when compared to Rs 57,91,822 crore a year ago. Private lenders reported a big expansion of their borrower base to 12.60 crore in December 2019 from 8.68 crore borrowers a year ago. PSBs just managed to increase their number of borrowers from 9.17 crore to 9.32 crore during the year, according to the RBI report ‘Quarterly BSR-1: Outstanding Credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks for December 2019’. Private banks also managed to increase their retail borrower base significantly last year. “Private banks have been focusing on the wholesale and retail customers — especially in the personal loan segment which includes auto and home loans. PSU banks started looking at the retail segment only recently. The year 2019 was tough for the banking sector in the wake of the woes in the financial sector and sluggish credit growth,” said a banking source. The RBI report said bank credit growth on a year-on year basis (y-o-y) decelerated for the fourth successive quarter in December 2019, as industrial credit growth (-0.8 per cent) moved to negative terrain for the first time after September 2017. However, personal loans segment continued to grow at robust pace (17.1 per cent). The total bank credit of all scheduled commercial banks was at Rs 102,52,405 crore as of April 8, 2020 as against Rs 96,24,756 crore a year ago. Explained Spreading of loan defaults remains a major concern The possibility of loan defaults spilling over from the corporate sector to the retail segment, a key growth area for lenders in recent years, has been flagged as a growing concern by bankers. This comes on top of the expected rise in defaults by corporates as well as MSMEs, which are directly impacted by the lockdown. Meanwhile, credit growth (y-o-y) by metropolitan branches decelerated to 5.2 per cent in December 2019 from 14.7 per cent a year ago, whereas bank branches in rural, semi-urban and urban areas maintained double-digit credit growth. The central bank said the share of private non-financial companies in total credit declined to 25.8 per cent (28.4 per cent a year ago), whereas for individual borrowers, it increased to 40.3 per cent (37.3 per cent a year ago). “The share of female borrowers in total loans also increased marginally,” the Reserve Bank report said. As branches in northern, western and southern states account for nearly 84 per cent of the total credit, bulk of the deposits were also from these regions. According to the report, weighted average lending rate (WALR) for outstanding credit declined by 15 basis points (bps) during the quarter ended December 2019. “The decline was significant for industry (28 bps) and trade (29 bps) sectors,” it said. However, deposit rates also declined as part of asset-liability adjustment of banks. | Mid | [
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Angiotensin I converting enzyme in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in serum, urine, and tissues of rats with acute renal failure (ARF) induced by glycerol. Glycerol-injected rats were subdivided in three groups according to the urinary volume: oliguric, nonoliguric, and polyuric. The damage to the proximal tubule was evident by (a) the histological analysis at light and electron microscopy level, (b) the augmented urinary excretion of the enzymes dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and (c) the low molecular weight proteinuria pattern. On the other hand, the appearance of the glomeruli at the ultrastructural level was normal. These data suggest that the increased urinary excretion of enzymes and proteins in these rats is a consequence of the tubular injury. ARF was markedly higher in the oliguric rats. Urine ACE activity increased in the rats of the three groups, but statistical significance was reached only in the oliguric rats. Serum ACE activity increased in the oliguric rats and tissue ACE activity did not change. It is concluded that the high urinary ACE in glycerol-treated rats is associated with the damage to the kidney tubules. These data support the contention that urinary ACE may be another marker of injury to the proximal tubule. | Mid | [
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# Netlify Config # # TOML Reference: # https://www.netlify.com/docs/netlify-toml-reference/ # # We use Netlify for deploy previews and for publishing docs (gh-pages branch). # https://viewer.ohif.org is created using a different process that is # managed by CircleCI and deployed to our Google Hosting # [build] base = "" publish = ".netlify/www/" command = "chmod +x .netlify/build-deploy-preview.sh && .netlify/build-deploy-preview.sh" # NODE_VERSION in root `.nvmrc` takes priority # YARN_FLAGS: https://www.netlify.com/docs/build-gotchas/#yarn [build.environment] NODE_END = "production" NODE_VERSION = "10.16.0" YARN_VERSION = "1.17.3" RUBY_VERSION = "2.6.2" YARN_FLAGS = "--no-ignore-optional --pure-lockfile" NETLIFY_RESTORE = "1" # Production context: all deploys from the Production branch set in your site's # deploy contexts will inherit these settings. [context.production] ignore = "exit 0" # Never build production; We'll let our CI do that [[headers]] # Define which paths this specific [[headers]] block will cover. for = "/*" [headers.values] X-Frame-Options = "DENY" X-XSS-Protection = "1; mode=block" # Multi-key header rules are expressed with multi-line strings. cache-control = ''' max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate''' | Mid | [
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New Arrivals Lansdowne The famous Lansdowne Stadium in Dublin is gone now but never forgotten! From 1874-2007, everyone who ever played rugby there lives on in this tribute, a sporty line produced by the Irish clothing company Traditional Craft. The Lansdowne Clothing Collection uses only the most premium breathable fabrics (mostly 100% cotton) for its wares. The collection spans rugby jersey and football shirts as well as cute & colorful polos to make sure they can transition from athletic events to everyday casual wear or athleisure. Beautifully designed and exceptionally well-made, there’s no better way to honor Lansdowne & Irish sporting heritage than to wear one of these. | Mid | [
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Canton Alternative Container #15-170 The Canton Alternative Container is an easy up sale from a basic cremation tray. The white crepe interior makes it ideal for family viewing and many families say they like the idea of their container having an interior. The easiest way to increase profit on cremation families. Dimensions: 26” W x 80” L x 13.25” H. Weight: 23 lbs. Weight Capacity: 300 lbs. Madison Alternative Container #15-185 The Madison Alternative Container is an easy up sale from a basic cremation tray. The white crepe interior makes it ideal for family viewing and many families say they like the idea of their container having an interior. The easiest way to increase profit on cremation families. Available with or without handles. Note: Madison with Handles contains metals staples. Easiest loading container in the industry. Dimensions: 26” W x 80” L x 13.25” H. Weight: 23 lbs. Weight Capacity: 300 lbs. | Low | [
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Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences graduate Keven Stonewall, of Ashburn, is hoping to develop a cure for colon cancer. He's now a rising sophomore at the University of Wisconsin. View Full Caption Keven Stonewall ASHBURN — Keven Stonewall likes to say "innovation doesn't have an age," which makes sense considering the 19-year-old could be on his way to curing colon cancer. Working at a Rush University lab while still in high school, the Ashburn native revealed a critical age-related drawback in an experimental vaccine aimed at preventing colon cancer in mice. A vaccine that could work on seniors is now being developed. Keven Stonewall is devoted to curing cancer, and he's making a significant difference: Stonewall "should be heralded for helping to develop more effective colon cancer treatments that will impact the elderly, the population that is most susceptible to colon cancer," said Carl Ruby, the Rush University professor who operated the lab where Stonewall did his research. "He has all the tools. He will go far." Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences graduate Keven Stonewall, of Ashburn, is hoping to develop a cure for colon cancer. He's now a rising sophomore at the University of Wisconsin. View Full Caption Keven Stonewall Stonewall has spent the last year at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, where he's a rising sophomore and further researching a colon cancer vaccine that could eventually be tested on humans — and "possibly down the road eradicate colon cancer." "I am very passionate about doing colon cancer research," Stonewall said. "If it works on humans, I would be overwhelmed. My whole life would flash in front of me." Seeing the Impact of Cancer Stonewall's love for science began during a fifth-grade science class at Chicago International Charter School's Wrightwood campus, where he was immediately fascinated by looking at cells under a microscope. That Christmas, he received four microscopes as gifts. His commitment to eradicating colon cancer came during his freshman year at the Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences, when a good friend's uncle was diagnosed with the disease. Stonewall watched his friend transform from a model student to one with bad grades and trouble outside the classroom as his uncle became more ill and eventually died. "I saw the impact on him and how it impacted his life," Stonewall said. "Cancer has taken over a whole bunch of lives, and I felt like I needed to step up and do something about it." Before his senior year, Stonewall started his research on a potential colon cancer vaccine while doing an internship at Rush on the Near West Side. He worked in the lab of Ruby, an assistant professor in the departments of Immunology/Microbiology & General Surgery. After reviewing research suggesting that a chemotherapeutic agent might help kill off other kinds of cancer cells — and promote a healthy immune response — Stonewall set out to test whether the potential colon cancer vaccine worked on both younger and older mice. He used a high concentration of mitoxantrone — a prescription drug that treats certain types of cancers. He administered this potential vaccine to young and old mice and then injected the vaccinated mice with aggressive colon cancer cells. He then measured responses, including the makeup of key immune cells called dendritic cells, as well as tumor growth and survival rates. Stonewall noticed that usually after three days of living with the vaccine, all of the young mice's tumors were eliminated, and they demonstrated immunity to colon cancer. But none of the older mice were protected, leading to tumor growth. His research helped determine a need for a vaccine that would work on older subjects, scientists said. Ruby said this finding is clinically important since more than two-thirds of colon cancer patients are elderly. "It's always exciting to have young kids come through the laboratory that have a passion for science and have potential for great things," Ruby said. "Being a mentor for him makes my day." Andrew Zloza, a Rush assistant professor in the departments of Immunology/Microbiology & Internal Medicine, said Stonewall's work "has suggested that drugs may not work the same in people of different ages." "This means that age may have to be a factor when physicians choose which drugs and what dosage to use in people of different ages," said Zloza, also co-director of Rush's HIV and Cancer Scientific Working Group. "This is something already taken into account for children versus adults, but now adults may need to be separated into groups by age." Zloza, who was not involved with Stonewall's research, added: "I think that the work Keven is doing goes far beyond helping us understand how colon cancer treatments and vaccines work — it brings into light a paradigm-shifting call to action — whereby the way we treat adults may have to change to account for age." Stonewall's colon cancer vaccine findings came about from a national science and engineering contest sponsored by Intel in 2013. His work earned Stonewall numerous awards. The results of his research were presented at the national meeting for the Society for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer in Washington, D.C., and he is listed as lead author. "With the data collected so far, the research does in fact have the potential to make it into human trials and possibly down the road to eradicate colon cancer," Stonewall said. "With that being said, the potential vaccine would have to go under years of clinical trials and testing to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine." Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences graduate Keven Stonewall, of Ashburn, is hoping to develop a cure for colon cancer. He's now a rising sophomore at the University of Wisconsin. View Full Caption Keven Stonewall 'His Goal Is Legitimately to Cure Cancer' At Wisconsin, Stonewall is known as the "colon cancer guy" around campus. That's according to Stonewall and Valyncia Raphael, his mentor with Wisconsin's Posse Foundation — a leadership program for students from urban backgrounds. "It's weird at times having that title, and sometimes I feel I shouldn't be given a title," said Stonewall, who said he hears the moniker from students and professors. "But it's also kind of cool at times because people actually look at what I'm doing, and it feels really good in my heart." Raphael, a former Badgers softball player who is a graduate assistant with the Posse Foundation, said Stonewall is "dynamic, incredibly disciplined and self-motivated." "His goal is legitimately to cure cancer," Raphael said. "Everybody in the Posse [program] looks at Keven as a person who's going to legitimately change the world." That statement doesn't surprise Stonewall's high school guidance counselor, LaShawndra Pointer. The West Pullman resident said Stonewall has "stood out" since she first met him freshman year at the Far Southwest Side high school in Mount Greenwood. Pointer said Stonewall's accomplishments in high school led to Stonewall earning six academic scholarships, including one from the Posse Foundation, to attend Wisconsin. "What I've noticed about him is if he does not achieve a certain goal, he doesn't allow that to set him back," Pointer said. "We expect great things, to say the least, from him." Stonewall, a biomedical engineering major, is back in Chicago for the summer to serve as an intern at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center. Stonewall is working with U. of C. oncologists and learning about other forms of cancer. It fits into his long-term goal of becoming an oncologist. Stonewall credits his parents for his academic discipline. His father, Keven Sr., and mother, Cawanna, are both city natives and educators within Chicago Public Schools. Stonewall believes he's inspiring his two younger sisters — Crystal, 17, and Chiya, 6 — and brother — Kristopher, 16 — as well. Crystal, a rising senior at Ag School, is conducting cancer research as an intern at Northwestern this summer. Kristopher plans to be a mechanical engineer. Stonewall said Chiya is claiming "she wants to be the president." "You never know," he said. For more neighborhood news, listen to DNAinfo Radio here: | High | [
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Expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in adult rat retinal ganglion cells following axon injury. We have studied the expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 after injury to the axons of adult rat retinal ganglion cells (CNS neurons that do not normally regenerate injured axons). Both the biosynthetic labeling of GAP-43 and the GAP-43 immunoreactivity of the retina increased after axotomy, but only when the injury was within 3 mm of the eye. These results suggest the following conclusions: First, axon injury is sufficient to alter GAP-43 expression in CNS neurons, even in the absence of regeneration. Second, mechanisms that regulate GAP-43 expression are sensitive to the length of uninterrupted axon remaining after injury. Finally, the conditions that favor increased GAP-43 are similar to those that favor regrowth of injured CNS axons into grafts of peripheral nerve, suggesting that GAP-43 induction is accompanied by an increased potential of injured CNS neurons to regenerate. | High | [
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St Mirren midfielder Paul McGowan looks to make point against former club Celtic Of the six seasons Paul McGowan was contracted to Celtic, only four of them were spent as a Parkhead player. Up for the Cup: St Mirren's David Graham Carey (right) celebrates his goal against Hamilton with team-mate Paul McGowan (left)Photo: PA By Ewing Grahame 10:45PM GMT 18 Jan 2012 Loan spells with Morton, Hamilton Accies and St Mirren, who signed him on a permanent contract six months ago, contrived to make his career with the Hoops a stop-start affair. Even so, and in spite of the limited opportunities he was offered at Parkhead (three starts under as many managers), he remains a supporter of the club. Last month, after notching the decisive goal in the 2-1 victory over Rangers, he was inundated with congratulatory text messages from like-minded friends. He suspects, though, that a repeat performance when Celtic visit on Saturday will not be so well received. “Scoring the winner against Celtic would almost be sweeter than the one against Rangers,” said McGowan, speaking to publicise ESPN’s live coverage of the lunchtime kick-off. “At the end of the day, as long as St Mirren get the three points that’s the main thing. It’s not about me scoring… but it would be nice. I don’t feel as if I’ve got a point to prove. I’ve just knuckled down and got on with this season. I’ve been happy with my performances. “I look to go out and be the best man on the pitch regardless of who we play against. It could be Dunfermline, Hibs or whoever. The fact it’s Celtic just adds a bit of spice, as does the fact it’s on ESPN for the nation to watch. “My dad, Gerry, is a Celtic fan but he just wants me to do well. If St Mirren win he’ll be happy for me. My pals might be more upset but we’re going out for the win and if I score the goal I’ll be happy. “Dad will be in the St Mirren end and I think he’ll be delighted if we win.” McGowan dismissed suggestions of a rift between himself and Celtic manager Neil Lennon, who agreed to terminate his contract last summer. “I think Neil appreciated me: in fact, I’m sure he did,” he said. “We got on well. I don’t have a bad word to say about him and we left on good terms.” St Mirren are close to agreeing a deal to sign forward Dougie Imrie from Hamilton Acadmical. Dundee United had made a £25,000 offer for the 28 year-old last week, but a move to Tannadice now looks unlikely. | Low | [
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Next World TV needs your help In the last three years, we've served up over 1 million videos on positive sustainable actions we can take now to improve our lives and the lives of future generations. All free to you, but not free to us. Between hosting, e-mail management, extra bandwidth charges, data storage costs, research and editorial, clerical, programming and customer service, our monthly nut for this service comes to over $500 a month or over $6,000 a year. | Low | [
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Site Mobile Navigation A Dying Banker’s Last Instructions Gordon Murray, left, and his co-author, Dan Goldie, in Burlingame, Calif. Mr. Murray has a form of brain cancer.Credit Jim Wilson/The New York Times BURLINGAME, Calif. There are no one-handed push-ups or headstands on the yoga mat for Gordon Murray anymore. No more playing bridge, either — he jokingly accuses his brain surgeon of robbing him of the gray matter that contained all the bidding strategy. But when Mr. Murray, a former bond salesman for Goldman Sachs who rose to the managing director level at both Lehman Brothers and Credit Suisse First Boston, decided to cease all treatment five months ago for his glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer, his first impulse was not to mourn what he couldn’t do anymore or to buy an island or to move to Paris. Instead, he hunkered down in his tiny home office here and channeled whatever remaining energy he could muster into a slim paperback. It’s called “The Investment Answer,” and he wrote it with his friend and financial adviser Daniel Goldie to explain investing in a handful of simple steps. Why a book? And why this subject? Nine years ago, after retiring from 25 years of pushing bonds on pension and mutual fund managers trying to beat the market averages over long periods of time, Mr. Murray had an epiphany about the futility of his former customers’ pursuits. He eventually went to work as a consultant for Dimensional Fund Advisors, a mutual fund company that rails against active money management. So when his death sentence arrived, Mr. Murray knew he had to work quickly and resolved to get the word out to as many everyday investors as he could. “This is one of the true benefits of having a brain tumor,” Mr. Murray said, laughing. “Everyone wants to hear what you have to say.” He and Mr. Goldie have managed to beat the clock, finishing and printing the book themselves while Mr. Murray is still alive. It is plenty useful for anyone who isn’t already investing in a collection of index or similar funds and dutifully rebalancing every so often. But the mere fact that Mr. Murray felt compelled to write it is itself a remarkable story of an almost willful ignorance of the futility of active money management — and how he finally stumbled upon a better way of investing. Mr. Murray now stands as one the highest-ranking Wall Street veterans to take back much of what he and his colleagues worked for during their careers. Mr. Murray grew up in Baltimore, about the farthest thing from a crusader that you could imagine. “I was the kid you didn’t want your daughter to date,” he said. “I stole baseball cards and cheated on Spanish tests and made fun of the fat kid in the corner with glasses.” He got a lot of second chances thanks to an affluent background and basketball prowess. He eventually landed at Goldman Sachs, long before many people looked askance at anyone who worked there. “Our word was our bond, and good ethics was good business,” he said of his Wall Street career. “That got replaced by liar loans and ‘I hope I’m gone by the time this thing blows up.’ ” After rising to managing director at two other banks, Mr. Murray retired in 2001. At the time, his personal portfolio was the standard Wall Street big-shot barbell, with a pile of municipal bonds at one end to provide safe tax-free income and private equity and hedge fund investments at the other. When some of those bonds came due, he sought out Mr. Goldie, a former professional tennis player and 1989 Wimbledon quarterfinalist, for advice on what to buy next. Right away, Mr. Goldie began teaching him about Dimensional’s funds. The fact that Mr. Murray knew little up until that point about basic asset allocation among stocks and bonds and other investments or the failings of active portfolio management is shocking, until you consider the self-regard that his master-of-the-universe colleagues taught him. “It’s American to think that if you’re smart or work hard, then you can beat the markets,” he said. But it didn’t take long for Mr. Murray to become a true believer in this different way of investing. “I learned more through Dan and Dimensional in a year than I did in 25 years on Wall Street,” he said. Soon Dimensional hired him as a consultant, helping financial advisers who use its funds explain the company’s anti-Wall Street investment philosophy to its clients. “The most inspirational people who talk about alcoholism are people who have gone through A.A.,” said David Booth, Dimensional’s founder and chairman. “It’s the people who have had the experience and now see the light who are our biggest advocates.” Playing that role was enough for Mr. Murray until he received his diagnosis in 2008. But not long after, in the wake of the financial collapse, he testified before a open briefing at the House of Representatives, wondering aloud how it was possible that prosecutors had not yet won criminal convictions against anyone in charge at his old firms and their competitors. In June of this year, a brain scan showed a new tumor, and Mr. Murray decided to stop all aggressive medical treatment. For several years, he had thought about somehow codifying his newfound investment principles, and Mr. Goldie had a hunch that writing the book would be a life-affirming task for Mr. Murray. “I had balance in my life, and there was no bucket list,” Mr. Murray said. “The first thing you do is think about your wife and kids, but Randi would have killed me having me around 24/7. I had to do something.” The couple have two grown children. And so he has tried to use his condition as a way to get people to pay attention. The book asks readers to make just five decisions. First, will you go it alone? The two authors suggest hiring an adviser who earns fees only from you and not from mutual funds or insurance companies, which is how Mr. Goldie now runs his business. Second, divide your money among stocks and bonds, big and small, and value and growth. The pair notes that a less volatile portfolio may earn more over time than one with higher volatility and identical average returns. “If you don’t have big drops, the portfolio can compound at a greater rate,” Mr. Goldie said. Then, further subdivide between foreign and domestic. Keep in mind that putting anything less than about half of your stock money in foreign securities is a bet in and of itself, given that American stocks’ share of the overall global equities market keeps falling. Fourth, decide whether you will be investing in active or passively managed mutual funds. No one can predict the future with any regularity, the pair note, so why would you think that active managers can beat their respective indexes over time? Finally, rebalance, by selling your winners and buying more of the losers. Most people can’t bring themselves to do this, even though it improves returns over the long run. This is not new, nor is it rocket science. But Mr. Murray spent 25 years on Wall Street without having any idea how to invest like a grown-up. So it’s no surprise that most of America still doesn’t either. Mr. Murray is home for good now, wearing fuzzy slippers to combat nerve damage in his feet and receiving the regular ministrations of hospice nurses. He generally starts his mornings with his iPad, since he can no longer hold up a newspaper. After a quick scan, he fires off an e-mail to Mr. Goldie, pointing to the latest articles about people taking advantage of unwitting investors. The continuing parade of stories does not seem to depress him, though. Instead, it inspires him further, bringing life to his days. “To have a purpose and a mission for me has been really special,” he said. “It probably has added days to my life.” In a cruel twist, one of Mr. Murray’s close friends, Charles Davis, chief executive of the private equity firm Stone Point Capital, lost his son Tucker to cancer earlier this year. In his last several months, Tucker was often on the phone with Mr. Murray. “Gordon has a peace about him, halfway between Wall Street establishment and a hippie,” Mr. Davis said. “It was clear that he and my son could talk in a way that very few people can, since they were in a pretty exclusive club that nobody really wants to join.” Mr. Murray managed to outlive Tucker, but he does not expect to see his 61st birthday in March. Still, he didn’t bother memorializing himself with a photograph on his book cover or even mention his illness inside. “I’m sick of me,” he said. But he plays along with the dying banker angle, willing to do just about anything to make sure that his message is not forgotten, even if he fades from memory himself. “This book has increased the quality of his life,” Mr. Davis said. “And it’s given him the knowledge and understanding that if, in fact, the end is near, that the end is not the end.” A version of this article appears in print on November 27, 2010, on Page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: A Dying Banker’s Last Instructions. Order Reprints|Today's Paper|Subscribe | Low | [
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Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy: biopsy diagnosis and radiological features of a rare entity. Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy (SDAE) is a rare and fatal disease of unknown etiology that involves the thalami bilaterally. To date, there have been four cases reported, in which the diagnosis was established only after post mortem examination of the brain. We report two male patients, ages 69 and 41 years, who presented with progressive dementia and somnolence. Radiological evaluation revealed enhancing lesions involving both thalami. The differential diagnosis included a number of neoplastic, inflammatory and vascular processes. In both cases, pathological evaluation of biopsy specimens suggested the diagnosis of SDAE. Despite supportive care, the disease progressed rapidly and both patients died within weeks after initial presentation. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in both cases. SDAE is a rare cause of bithalamic disease that can be mistaken for a neoplasm as well as a number of conditions that necessitate different treatment choices. The histopathological findings can establish the diagnosis when combined with radiological and clinical information. This report emphasizes the utility of stereotactic biopsy in early diagnosis of SDAE. | High | [
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import * as Sass from 'sass' // 只引入 typings import { config } from './config' import { readFileSync } from 'fs' import { requireLocalPkg } from './requirePackage' type SassType = typeof Sass /** * 尝试加载本地 node-sass/sass */ function autoRequireSass(file: string): SassType { try { return requireLocalPkg<SassType>(file, 'sass') } catch (error) { return requireLocalPkg<SassType>(file, 'node-sass') } } /** * 渲染scss * @param op sass 配置 */ export default function(op: Sass.Options): string { try { const options: Sass.Options = { ...config.sass, ...op, sourceMap: false, sourceMapContents: false, } return autoRequireSass(op.file || process.cwd()) .renderSync(options) .css.toString() } catch (error) { // sass 渲染失败退回 console.error(error) return op.data || (op.file ? readFileSync(op.file).toString() : '') } } | Mid | [
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Cabin Fever (2002 film) Cabin Fever is a 2002 American horror comedy film co-written and directed by Eli Roth (in his directorial debut) and starring Rider Strong, Jordan Ladd, James DeBello, Cerina Vincent, Joey Kern, and Giuseppe Andrews. The story follows a group of college graduates who rent a cabin in the woods and begin to fall victim to a flesh-eating virus. The inspiration for the film's story came from a real-life experience during a trip to Iceland when Roth developed a skin infection. Plot A hermit walking in the woods encounters his dog, who has died of a bloody infection, and the hermit becomes infected. Meanwhile, college students Jeff, Marcy, Paul, Karen and Bert take a vacation to a remote cabin to celebrate spring break. Bert leaves to shoot squirrels but shoots the now disfigured and bloody hermit. Despite the hermit's pleas, Bert flees and remains silent about the incident. The group gather around a campfire that night, where they are joined by a friendly drifter named Grimm and his pet dog, Dr. Mambo. When it rains, Grimm leaves with his dog to pack up his belongings. While the friends wait for Grimm indoors, the hermit returns, begging for help. When Bert shuts the door on the sick hermit, he tries stealing the group's car while vomiting blood. When the hermit approaches Marcy and Karen, Paul accidentally sets him on fire. While seeking help the next day, Jeff and Bert encounter a butcher but leave after learning she is the dead hermit's cousin. Paul receives assistance from police Deputy Winston, who promises to send up a tow truck. Paul tries comforting Karen, who is upset over the killing of the hermit. After calming her down, Paul attempts to have sex with her; as he reaches between her legs, he discovers an infection that has spread in her groin. The group isolates her in a shed. After fixing the truck, Bert coughs up blood but does not tell the others. Bert drives off after Paul and Jeff discover he has caught the disease. Jeff takes the remaining beer and leaves, terrified of becoming infected. Bert seeks help at a convenience store but angers the owner after his son, Dennis, bites him. Bert flees, chased by Dennis's father and two friends. At the cabin, Marcy worries that they will all contract the disease. When Paul comforts her, they impulsively have sex. Regretting the affair, Paul leaves while Marcy takes a bath, crying; as she shaves her legs the flesh begins to peel off and she runs outside in a panic, where she is eaten alive by Dr. Mambo. Paul discovers the hermit's corpse floating in a reservoir and realizes the infection is spreading through the water supply. Racing back to the cabin, Paul finds Marcy's remains and Dr. Mambo feeding on Karen. After killing Dr. Mambo with Bert's gun, he bludgeons Karen with a shovel out of mercy. A dying Bert returns to the cabin pursued by Dennis's father and his two companions. The posse shoots and kills Bert, and Paul kills all three of them. Paul looks for Jeff; he instead finds Grimm's corpse. Paul takes the convenience store's truck, and, while driving, discovers he is infected before hitting a deer. He reunites with Deputy Winston, who is partying with underage drinkers. Paul requests a ride to the hospital, but before the group departs, Winston is ordered to kill on sight several infected people on a killing spree. With the group turning on him, Paul attacks and infects several of Winston's friends before knocking Winston out. A passing truck drops off Paul at a hospital, where he weakly discusses where he caught the disease. The doctors inform the sheriff that Paul must be transferred. Lying in the back of Winston's squad car, Paul unsuccessfully warns him about the contaminated water supply; Winston dumps him at the edge of a creek. Jeff, who has been hiding out and drinking in the woods, returns to the cabin the next day. Initially crying after seeing the remains of his friends, he becomes ecstatic upon realizing he is the only survivor. As he raises his arms in victory, Winston shoots him and burns his body with the others. At the convenience store, several children sell lemonade, which they have made with the water from the creek Paul was dumped in, to the same police officers. A large truck filled with bottles of water taken from the creek can be seen leaving the store. Cast Rider Strong as Paul Jordan Ladd as Karen James DeBello as Bert Cerina Vincent as Marcy Joey Kern as Jeff Arie Verveen as Henry, the Hermit Giuseppe Andrews as Deputy Winston Eli Roth as Justin / Grimm Production Writing Eli Roth co-wrote Cabin Fever with friend and former NYU roommate Randy Pearlstein in 1995 while Roth was working as a production assistant for Howard Stern's Private Parts. Early attempts to sell the script were unsuccessful because studios felt that the horror genre had become unprofitable. In 1996, the film Scream was released to great success, leading studios to once again become interested in horror properties. Roth still could not sell his script, as studios told him that it should be more like Scream. Many potential financiers also found the film's content to be unsettling, including not only the gore but also the use of the word "nigger" early in the film. Roth was inspired to write the script based on his own experience with a skin infection he transmitted while traveling abroad. Various elements of the script were inspired by Roth's favorite horror films, including The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), The Last House on the Left (1972), and The Evil Dead (1981). Casting The auditions for the character of Marcy had been scheduled to take place on September 11, 2001. The scene the producers had chosen for the auditioning actresses was the build-up to Marcy's sex scene with Paul. In the scene, Marcy is convinced that all the students are doomed and despite Paul's reassurances, she describes their situation as "like being on a plane, when you know it's gonna crash. Everybody around you is screaming 'We're Going Down! We're Going Down!' and all you want to do is grab the person next to you and fuck them, because you know you're going to be dead soon, anyway." Eli Roth and the producers tried to cancel the Marcy auditions, but the general chaos caused by the attacks made it impossible for them to reach many of the actresses who were scheduled to try out for the role. Filming Filming on Cabin Fever began in late 2001 and lasted 24 days, on location in North Carolina.. Cabin scenes were filmed at Catawba cabin, an isolated spot at Raven Knob Scout Reservation, near Mt. Airy, NC. Roth originally wanted Cerina Vincent to show her naked buttocks during her sex scene with Rider Strong. Vincent, who had previously played a nude foreign exchange student in Not Another Teen Movie (2001), was afraid that exposing too much of herself would lead to being typecast as a nudity actress and vehemently refused to bare her buttocks. At the peak of this conflict between the two, Vincent told Roth that if he wanted the shot so badly, he would need to re-cast the role with another actress. But they managed to reach a compromise, in which Vincent showed one inch of her buttocks on camera before Roth measured it for it to be precise. Bedsheets were then taped to her backside at the designated level and the scene was filmed. Music Composer Angelo Badalamenti agreed to compose some musical themes for the film out of enthusiasm for the material. However, the bulk of the film's score was composed by Nathan Barr. Some of the music selected for the film was deliberately chosen by Roth for their connection to other horror films; in the opening scene for example, while the main characters are driving to the cabin, "The Road Leads to Nowhere", a song written and recorded for The Last House on the Left (1972), is playing on the radio. Release The film premiered at the Midnight Madness section of the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) in September 2002 and was the festival's closing feature film. After a successful run at TIFF, the distribution rights to the film was sold to Lionsgate for $3.5 million. Cabin Fever was released in the United States on September 12, 2003; it landed at No. 3 during its opening weekend, grossing $8.3 million on 2,087 theaters (an average of $4,137 per screen). The film ended its theatrical run with a gross of $21.2 million in the U.S. and Canada and $30.5 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film released by Lionsgate of that year. Cabin Fever was released on DVD in March 2004, which includes audio commentary tracks with director Eli Roth and the main cast as well as a featurette entitled "Beneath the Skin", which provides a behind the scenes look on the film. The Blu-ray was released in February 2010, featuring Roth's edited version of the film that was screened at TIFF. The Blu-ray was created from the film's original camera negative overseen by Roth, and includes a brand-new audio commentary with Roth and the main cast as well as a gallery of rare behind the scenes photos. Critical reception Uproxx reported that Cabin Fever drew "better-than-average" reviews. The performances from the leads were complimented by critics as "solid" and "adequate". Their roles, however, were met with negative reactions: IGN and the Los Angeles Times Manohla Dargis described them, respectively, as stereotypical and "monumentally irritating". Furthermore, IGN and Dargis criticized the film's lack of scares, delivering more jokes and gore. Stephen Holden of The New York Times and Peter Travers of Rolling Stone disagreed; Holden said Cabin Fever "finds an unusually potent blend of dread, gore and gallows humor", and Travers called it "a blast of good gory fun that just won't quit". Kim Newman in Empire and Maitland McDonagh in TV Guide awarded Cabin Fever three stars out of five. Reviewers observed the film's homage to low-budget horror and thriller films, including Night of the Living Dead, Deliverance, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, The Evil Dead (and its sequel), and The Blair Witch Project. IGN said Cabin Fever "struggles valiantly to be both a worthy addition and simultaneous homage to these genres ... becoming instead a passably enjoyable slab of schlock", criticizing its failure to reinvent the films that inspired Roth's. Conversely, Newman said: "There's a fine line between homage and simply stealing, but writer-director Eli Roth mostly manages the former". Stephen Hunter in the Washington Post said Cabin Fever compared poorly to The Evil Dead and The Blair Witch Project, describing it as "a loud, derivative grade-Z horror film of no particular distinction". McDonagh said Cabin Fever was "more Straw Dogs than Night of the Living Dead", citing its theme of "degeneration of relationships under pressure". Some critics said Cabin Fever suffered from genre and tone inconsistencies, with Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times comparing the flaw to "kids on those arcade games where the target lights up and you have to stomp on it". Ebert was critical that the film alternates between horror and "weird humor", getting nowhere; he said it "could develop its plague story in a serious way, like a George Romero picture or 28 Days Later". Owen Gleiberman in Entertainment Weekly said, "Cabin Fever is what 28 Days Later would have looked like had it been made without style, subtlety, grunge-of-night video photography, or fashionable apocalyptic pretensions." Ebert gave Cabin Fever one-and-a-half stars out of four, and Gleiberman said it was "a big, dumb, crude, noisy, goose-the-audience bash and proud of it". The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 62 percent, with a weighted average of 5.92 out of 10 based on reviews from 140 critics. The website's "Critics Consensus" says it is "[m]ore gory than scary" and "satisfied with paying homage to genre conventions rather than reinventing them." On Metacritic, the film earned "[m]ixed or average reviews," with a weighted average of 56 out of 100 based on 31 reviews. Peter Jackson, the director of The Lord of the Rings film series, was a notable fan of Cabin Fever. Having seen the film from a print sent to him, Jackson suspended production on The Return of the King twice in his native New Zealand to have it screened to his cast and crew members. He complimented the film as "unrelenting, gruesomely funny bloodbath". Quentin Tarantino also expressed his admiration for Cabin Fever, calling Roth "the future of horror". Related works Roth revealed in a 2010 interview that he had written a treatment for the sequel to Cabin Fever as part of Lionsgate's distribution deal, pitching it as "a Song of the South horror movie filled with corpses and sex." Since Lionsgate was unwilling to produce his idea, Roth entrusted Ti West to direct the sequel entirely from West's own version. Cabin Fever 2: Spring Fever was released in 2009. A prequel to the two previous films, Cabin Fever: Patient Zero, was directed by Kaare Andrews in 2014. A remake of Cabin Fever was subsequently announced that same year, with Roth staying on as executive producer. Travis Zariwny directed the remake using Cabin Fever original screenplay co-written by Roth. Despite a mediocre reception upon its 2016 release, with critics calling it "pointless" and derivative, Roth said he was genuinely happy with the remake. See also Scream The Cabin in the Woods References External links Category:2002 films Category:2002 horror films Category:American films Category:American comedy horror films Category:American independent films Category:English-language films Category:Directorial debut films Category:Films set in forests Category:Films shot in North Carolina Category:Films about viral outbreaks Category:Lions Gate Entertainment films Category:Films directed by Eli Roth Category:Films produced by Eli Roth Category:Films with screenplays by Eli Roth | Low | [
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33.25,
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import test from 'ava'; import browserEnv from '../src'; test(t => { t.not(browserEnv(), browserEnv()); }); | Low | [
0.45222929936305706,
26.625,
32.25
] |
Factors affecting transmission of larval winter ticks, Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), to moose, Alces alces L., in Alberta, Canada. The larval stage of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, was studied under field conditions in central Alberta, Canada. Larvae ascended vegetation in autumn, possibly in response to photoperiod. Numbers found by flagging increased from early September to early October and decreased gradually to zero by December. Larvae clumped on the tips of vegetation approximately 1-1.5 m off the ground, and did not exhibit a diurnal, vertical migration. Activity was temperature dependent and no obvious preference of vegetation species for ascension was detected. Transmission of larvae to moose was probably facilitated by synchrony of the larval activity period with the moose breeding season in autumn. | High | [
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31.25,
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Q: iOS: Pre-populate field with user's first name I have a field for a user to enter a name into and I think it would be a nicer user experience if it was already pre-populated with their first name. Is there a way in iOS 5 for an application to get the first name (or a nickname) of the device's user? A: This isn't exactly what you're looking for but you can use: NSString *deviceName = [[UIDevice currentDevice] name]; This will return the device name, eg. "John's iPhone" (of course it will only say this if the user decided to name his device this way). I would not recommend using this in your form as the results can vary and frankly it won't make sense as a username, but it's something you might consider anyways. If you're trying to get the user's Apple ID however then I'm pretty sure this isn't possible. | Low | [
0.43697478991596606,
26,
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On "Hellcats," Marti Perkins (Aly Michalka) is a straight-A earning, guitar playing, cheerleading, law student machine. Her tough exterior and no-nonsense attitude don't lend much to a soft romantic side. Sure, she had a brief relationship with her cheermate Lewis before ruining it with a drunk semi-nude make-out with her BFF Dan, but if you watched Tuesday's juicy episode, "Before I Was Caught" (or at least read our recap), you know Marti and her law professor, Julian Parrish (Gale Harold) finally stopped denying their attraction for each other and had a hot hook-up! It's been a long time coming, but is this romance going to be as fleeting as Marti's flings with Lewis and Dan? Well, when we sat down with Aly just hours before the episode aired, we asked that very question and she told us why this fictional relationship has the potential to last. [ video unavailable on this device ] "What I love about the relationship is that Marti and Julian have been denying this [attraction] the whole time," she said. "You see them kind of flirt with each other in and out of class and she always tries to maintain responsibility with being the student. She finally just gives into her feelings. It was funny, I was talking about this with Kevin Murphy, our creator, and he was just like, 'We need to do it! It's ridiculous. The fans want to see it. Marti wants it. Julian wants it.' so we ended up just going there and going for it full on." It seems in most cases, teacher-student hook-ups end in disaster, but Aly said the dynamic between Marti and Julian goes deeper than just a couple of hot people (with an age gap) getting it on. "There's a lot of heart between Julian and Marti's relationship," she said. "The fact that she's an intelligent girl and a lot more mature than you think she is especially for her age. It makes sense that she would be attracted to an older man like Julian and the fact that she respects him and looks up to him as a mentor." We gotta give credit where credit is due. Marti gets an A+ in our book for snagging a hot older guy that's super-smart! Do you like Marti with an older guy? Do you think the relationship will last? Do you think this will turn into the next Lancer scandal? Tell us what you think in the comments and on Twitter! | Mid | [
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Q: Labeling distinct objects produced by Show[RegionPlot3D's] I have these commands j0=Q1>0&&Q2>0&&Q3>0&&Q1+3 Q2+2 Q3<1;j1=j0&&Q1^2+3 Q2 Q1+(3 Q2+Q3)^2<3 Q2+2 Q1 Q3;Choi=2 Q3+1<2 Q1+3 Q2;MUB=Q1>3 Q2+4 Q3;Show[RegionPlot3D[j1,{Q1,0,1/2},{Q2,0,1/3},{Q3,0,1/4},AxesLabel->{"Subscript[Q, 1]","Subscript[Q, 2]","Subscript[Q, 3]"}],RegionPlot3D[j0&&MUB,{Q1,0,1/2},{Q2,0,1/3},{Q3,0,1/4},AxesLabel->{"Subscript[Q, 1]","Subscript[Q, 2]","Subscript[Q, 3]"}],RegionPlot3D[j0&&Choi,{Q1,0,1/2},{Q2,0,1/3},{Q3,0,1/4},AxesLabel->{"Subscript[Q, 1]","Subscript[Q, 2]","Subscript[Q, 3]"}],RegionPlot3D[j1&&MUB,{Q1,0,1/2},{Q2,0,1/3},{Q3,0,1/4},AxesLabel->{"Subscript[Q, 1]","Subscript[Q, 2]","Subscript[Q, 3]"}]] which produces a three-dimensional plot https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/34c06e57-f136-424f-852a-6c8ad5928b08 I want to label the first (largest) object produced "PPT", the second object, "MUB", and the third object, "Choi". How might I proceed to do so? Also, I'd appreciate any general recommendations on enhancement/presentation of the plot (coloring,...) A: plots = RegionPlot3D[#, {Q1, 0, 1/2}, {Q2, 0, 1/3}, {Q3, 0, 1/4}] & /@ {j1, j0 && MUB, j0 && Choi}; coords = Cases[#, GraphicsComplex[x_,__] :> Median/@Transpose[x], All][[1]]& /@ plots; labels = {"PPT", "MUB", "CHOI"}; texts3d = Graphics3D[MapThread[Text, {labels, coords}], Axes -> True]; Show[plots, texts3d, AxesLabel -> (Subscript[Q, #] & /@ {1, 2, 3})] | Mid | [
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With my recent job change, I'm starting to run into a bunch of people asking "What exactly are you going to be doing now?" I've tried responding by describing the kernel related stuff I've been doing for the past years, and it turns out that a lot of people didn't even realize I was doing that. So, here's a short list of some of the things that I'm going to be doing at my new job, and most importantly, how you can track what I do yourself, so that I never have to write a status report again... Stable kernel releases I've been releasing the Linux kernel stable releases since way back when they first started up, in mid 2005. Early on, the most excellent kernel developer Chris Wright helped out with this task, but for the past few years, I've been doing this on my own. These releases take the last kernel released by Linus and add any needed bugfixes and other related patches that have gone into Linus's development tree, and package it all up in a format that users can use themselves during the 2-3 month development cycle time while the kernel developers are madly working on creating the next kernel release. For a description of what entails a change that is acceptable into the stable kernel releases, and how to get a patch accepted, please see the file Documentation/stable _ kernel _ rules.txt in the kernel source tree. Every year I pick a specific kernel version and declare that as "longterm". That kernel gets support from me for bugfixes and related things for two years before it is gracefully retired to a more leisurely release cycle by the capable extra-extra longterm maintainer. For details on how the longterm kernel works, and how it is picked, see this older post I wrote on the topic. If you want to be notified of when these kernels are released, you can do one of the following: read lwn.net, they post the announcements mere hours after they happen. They also post lots of other wonderful things, if you aren't reading this site already, you are missing out. subscribe to the linux-kernel or stable mailing lists. Note, you will get a lot of other traffic, but it's all good, you wanted to know what was going on in Linux kernel development directly from the developers themselves, right? subscribe to my twitter feed. You might get other random blatherings there, but I do post the announcements to it. watch the Linux G+ feed, the releases are all announced there. subscribe to the google calender feeds of the kernel releases. This is maintained by the talented Tsugikazu Shibata (high powered executive by day, Linux kernel developer by night) and can be found here for the stable kernel releases, here for the main Linux kernel releases, and here for the kernel development releases. Kernel subsystem maintainer When I'm not releasing stable kernels, I also maintain a number of different kernel subsystems. These entail USB, driver core, staging, tty, and a variety of other bits of the kernel. Being a maintainer means you read patches from submitters, handle questions from both developers and users about things related to the subsystem (usually bug reports). If a patch looks acceptable, you test it if possible, and apply it to the relevant git tree and push it publicly, and notify the author that it was accepted. Every weekday, these git trees get merged together in the linux-next release, and inevitably, problems are reported and it's up to the maintainer to fix them when they affect their portion of the kernel. If you are curious as to exactly what portions of the kernel I maintain, look at the MAINTAINERS file in the kernel source tree and search for my name. Those entries will show you exactly where the git tree for the subsystem lives, as well as the proper mailing list to contact if you have questions in those areas. If you want to follow the development done in these various areas, and what patches I apply, you can subscribe to the RSS feed of the individual git trees listed in the MAINTAINERS file, or you can follow along on the various different mailing lists. Kernel development When not releasing kernels or reviewing patches from others, I occasionally get time to fix bugs, rework existing code to solve problems or extend it in various ways, or even rarer, write a new driver for some random hardware device. This is one area that I should be doing more of now that I have extra time available. Right now I'm working on a driver for a USB to serial device that Linux doesn't support, and I have some ideas for how portions of the driver core can be reworked to handle some areas better (most of that has been suggested by Kay years ago, I really should get around to implementing them...) I also have some ideas on cleaning up some cruftier portions of the kernel that haven't seen any love for many years, but that's more of a long-term goal, no specifics yet. If you want to follow along with this development, just watch the main kernel tree for commits by me. That can be done by either subscribing to the rss feed for the kernel tree, or just using git and doing simple searches. I keep my kernel development and maintainership scripts and directory structure in a public github repo, if you are curious about how this type of thing works. There's lots of scripts helpfully named "do.sh" which I really should rename to be a bit more descriptive, but make sense to me relative to the directory they are located in. I also have lots of talks, scripts, and other minor projects in my public github repo, if you are curious as to other things I work on over time. Linux Driver Project Despite the creaky web page, the Linux Driver project is continuing on quite well. We have written a number of new drivers now included in the main kernel tree, as well as maintaining the staging portion of the kernel. I'll be working on revamping the web site to make it a bit more obvious as to what is going on here, but again, the best way to follow this work is to watch the mailing list. LTSI kernel maintainership As has been announced in various places, the LTSI project (Long Term Support Initiative) has started up with the goal to provide a kernel that the consumer electronic companies can use to help reduce their maintenance burden, and to provide a common area where they can learn how to get involved in upstream kernel development. I'm helping in setting the kernel tree for that project up, and getting some of the procedures and processes in place for it to succeed in the long run. For now, until it really gets up and going, I'm also going to be maintaining the tree myself, handling the patches and working on the support scripts to make it easier to develop using it. If you want to track this work, watch the kernel tree, or join the public mailing list. I'm also talking with lots of different companies that create chips used in consumer devices that have traditionally been out of the main kernel tree, and with others that are active upstream developers, to try to get them all working better together. I'm also working with the Yocto project to see how the two projects can work together in sharing their kernel needs. To follow the development of this kernel, you can subscribe to the mailing list, read the archives, or just watch the git tree. Distribution work I'm still going to continue my maintenance of the openSUSE Tumbleweed distro, as I've come to rely on it, and it really takes almost no time at all to keep up and working properly. To follow along with any Tumbleweed questions/concerns, please read the openSUSE-Factory mailing list. The scripts used to maintain the Tumbleweed distro, and the list of packages in it, can be seen, and watched, in the tumbleweed github repo. I'm also going to continue to remain a Gentoo developer, and will have time to do more package maintenance there, which I have not had the opportunity over the past few years. Both of these are distros that I use every day on my development systems and my servers, and are great community-based distributions. Travel "You traveled last year as much as people think you do." -- my wife As usual, I'll be attending all of the various Linux Foundation events held all around the world, as well as other different conferences that I'm invited to and can find time to get to. Odds are I'll also be traveling to different companies to work with their kernel developers on how to get them to integrate better with the upstream kernel community, or how the LTSI kernel can help them out. So once again, my frequent flier miles status will probably not be downgraded this year, much to my very patient family's despair. Is that all? So, hopefully that explains a bit of what I'll be doing in the near future for the upcoming years. Needless to say, I'm thrilled to be working for the Linux Foundation and that they are supporting me in all of this. If there's anything that anyone is thinking I should be doing but seem not to be, please let me know. I want to make Linux succeed and thrive, and whatever I can do to help that out, I will. posted Mon, 20 Feb 2012 in [/linux] | Mid | [
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Q: Using increment in ternary operator in C For the example, after I use int a = 5, b = 6; x = (a < b) ? a++ : b++; x gets the value of a, which is 5, and a increments to 6, which is expected. When I use a = (a < b) ? a++ : b++; After this line, a still remains 5. But a = (a++ < b++) ? a : b; a is now 6. Why is this happening and why isn't increment operator executed in the first case? EDIT: Just to clarify, I'm asking why this happens when I'm using these lines separately, one by one, not all three in the same time. A: a = (a < b) ? a++ : b++; here, we stored a in a, and then incremented it. But it is like a = a++; // as a<b which shows undefined behaviour. a = (a++ < b++) ? a : b; here, a is being incremented at the time of comparison, so now a is 6, which is stored in a. A: Both cases involve undefined behaviour of some sort because you are incrementing a, returning a and assigning to a on the left side within 2 sequence points. 3 would be required for a clearly defined result. In this case : a = (a < b) ? a++ : b++; if a is smaller than b a is returned (value = 5) as the result of the ternary operator a is incremented (value = 6). the result of the ternary operator (5) is assigned to the left hand side variable a (over-writing 6) The order of steps 3 and 4 is not defined. It is equivalent to a = a++; In this case : a = (a++ < b++) ? a : b; If a is smaller that b a and b are incremented (regardless which is smaller) a is returned as the result of the ternary operator it is assigned to the left hand side variable a The order of steps 2 and 3 is not clearly defined. It's important to keep track of sequence points in such cases. Relevant rules : The 1st expression of ternary operator on the left of ? is sequenced before the 2nd or 3rd expressions. And either of them is sequenced before assignment. The comparison is sequenced before the ? In expressions like a++ the value is returned before incrementing Undefined behaviour: In expressions like a = a++; there is no sequence point between (post)incrementing a and assigning to a on the left side. Both happen after the original value of a is returned In expressions like a++ ? a : b there is no sequence point between (post)incrementing a and returning a from the ternary operator. Both happen after the ? | Mid | [
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--- machine_translated: true machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd toc_priority: 66 toc_title: "\u0686\u06AF\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06CC \u0633\u0627\u062E\ \u062A \u062A\u0627\u062A\u0631 \u062F\u0631 \u0644\u06CC\u0646\u0648\u06A9\u0633\ \ \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06CC \u0633\u06CC\u0633\u062A\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\ \ \u0645\u06A9 \u0627\u06CC\u06A9\u0633" --- # چگونه برای ساخت تاتر در لینوکس برای سیستم عامل مک ایکس {#how-to-build-clickhouse-on-linux-for-mac-os-x} این برای مواردی است که شما دستگاه لینوکس دارید و می خواهید از این برای ساخت استفاده کنید `clickhouse` این است که برای چک ادغام مداوم است که بر روی سرور های لینوکس اجرا در نظر گرفته شده. اگر شما می خواهید برای ساخت خانه کلیک به طور مستقیم در سیستم عامل مک ایکس, سپس با ادامه [دستورالعمل دیگر](build-osx.md). کراس ساخت برای سیستم عامل مک ایکس بر اساس [ساخت دستورالعمل](build.md) اول دنبالشون کن # نصب کلانگ-8 {#install-clang-8} دستورالعمل از دنبال https://apt.llvm.org / برای اوبونتو یا دبیان راه اندازی خود را. به عنوان مثال دستورات برای بیونیک مانند: ``` bash sudo echo "deb [trusted=yes] http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic-8 main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt-get install clang-8 ``` # نصب مجموعه ابزار صلیب کشی {#install-cross-compilation-toolset} بیایید مسیری را که ما نصب می کنیم به یاد داشته باشیم `cctools` به عنوان ${CCTOOLS} ``` bash mkdir ${CCTOOLS} git clone https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libtapi.git cd apple-libtapi INSTALLPREFIX=${CCTOOLS} ./build.sh ./install.sh cd .. git clone https://github.com/tpoechtrager/cctools-port.git cd cctools-port/cctools ./configure --prefix=${CCTOOLS} --with-libtapi=${CCTOOLS} --target=x86_64-apple-darwin make install ``` همچنین, ما نیاز به دانلود ماکو ایکس انحراف معیار به درخت کار. ``` bash cd ClickHouse wget 'https://github.com/phracker/MacOSX-SDKs/releases/download/10.14-beta4/MacOSX10.14.sdk.tar.xz' mkdir -p build-darwin/cmake/toolchain/darwin-x86_64 tar xJf MacOSX10.14.sdk.tar.xz -C build-darwin/cmake/toolchain/darwin-x86_64 --strip-components=1 ``` # ساخت خانه کلیک {#build-clickhouse} ``` bash cd ClickHouse mkdir build-osx CC=clang-8 CXX=clang++-8 cmake . -Bbuild-osx -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/darwin/toolchain-x86_64.cmake \ -DCMAKE_AR:FILEPATH=${CCTOOLS}/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin-ar \ -DCMAKE_RANLIB:FILEPATH=${CCTOOLS}/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin-ranlib \ -DLINKER_NAME=${CCTOOLS}/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin-ld ninja -C build-osx ``` باینری حاصل یک فرمت اجرایی ماخ ای داشته باشد و نمی تواند در لینوکس اجرا شود. | Mid | [
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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file # distributed with this work for additional information # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, # software distributed under the License is distributed on an # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the # specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. from aliyunsdkcore.request import RpcRequest from aliyunsdksas.endpoint import endpoint_data class ModifyWebLockUpdateConfigRequest(RpcRequest): def __init__(self): RpcRequest.__init__(self, 'Sas', '2018-12-03', 'ModifyWebLockUpdateConfig','sas')
self.set_method('POST') if hasattr(self, "endpoint_map"): setattr(self, "endpoint_map", endpoint_data.getEndpointMap()) if hasattr(self, "endpoint_regional"): setattr(self, "endpoint_regional", endpoint_data.getEndpointRegional())
def get_LocalBackupDir(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('LocalBackupDir')
def set_LocalBackupDir(self,LocalBackupDir):
self.add_query_param('LocalBackupDir',LocalBackupDir)
def get_ExclusiveFile(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('ExclusiveFile')
def set_ExclusiveFile(self,ExclusiveFile):
self.add_query_param('ExclusiveFile',ExclusiveFile)
def get_ExclusiveFileType(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('ExclusiveFileType')
def set_ExclusiveFileType(self,ExclusiveFileType):
self.add_query_param('ExclusiveFileType',ExclusiveFileType)
def get_Dir(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('Dir')
def set_Dir(self,Dir):
self.add_query_param('Dir',Dir)
def get_Uuid(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('Uuid')
def set_Uuid(self,Uuid):
self.add_query_param('Uuid',Uuid)
def get_Mode(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('Mode')
def set_Mode(self,Mode):
self.add_query_param('Mode',Mode)
def get_SourceIp(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('SourceIp')
def set_SourceIp(self,SourceIp):
self.add_query_param('SourceIp',SourceIp)
def get_Id(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('Id')
def set_Id(self,Id):
self.add_query_param('Id',Id)
def get_Lang(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('Lang')
def set_Lang(self,Lang):
self.add_query_param('Lang',Lang)
def get_InclusiveFile(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('InclusiveFile')
def set_InclusiveFile(self,InclusiveFile):
self.add_query_param('InclusiveFile',InclusiveFile)
def get_ExclusiveDir(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('ExclusiveDir')
def set_ExclusiveDir(self,ExclusiveDir):
self.add_query_param('ExclusiveDir',ExclusiveDir)
def get_InclusiveFileType(self):
return self.get_query_params().get('InclusiveFileType')
def set_InclusiveFileType(self,InclusiveFileType):
self.add_query_param('InclusiveFileType',InclusiveFileType) | Mid | [
0.541528239202657,
40.75,
34.5
] |
"""Parses enums in header file. Expect file content without comments and preprocessor definitions. """ import re from .utils import object_attr_string_repr class Enum: """Representation of enums info.""" def __init__(self, name='', type_name='', items=None, header=None): """Constructs Enum info.""" self.name = name self.type_name = type_name self.items = items if items is not None else [] self.header = header @property def name_text(self): """Returns a enum's name.""" return object_attr_string_repr(self.name) @property def type_name_text(self): """Returns a textual representation of the typedefed name.""" return object_attr_string_repr(self.type_name) @property def items_list(self): """Returns list of enum's parameters.""" return self.items if self.items is not None else [] @property def header_text(self): """Returns a textual representation of header file.""" return object_attr_string_repr(self.header) def __repr__(self): return '{}({!r}, {!r})'.format( self.__class__.__name__, self.name_text, self.items) def repr_json(self): return self.__dict__ def __eq__(self, other): return (self.name == other.name and self.type_name == other.type_name and self.items == other.items) def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other class EnumItem: def __init__(self, name, value): """Constructs enum's item info.""" self.name = name self.value = value def __repr__(self): return '{!r} = {!r}'.format(self.name, self.value) def repr_json(self): return self.__dict__ def __eq__(self, other): return (self.name == other.name and self.value == other.value) def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other def get_all_enums(text): """Gets all enums from text.""" return re.findall( r'(?:\btypedef)?\s*enum\s*(?:[\w]+)?\s*\{[^{}]+\}[\w\s,\*]*;', text ) def parse_enum(enum_str, hfile): """Returns enum object.""" found = re.search( r'(\btypedef\b)?\s*enum\s*([\w]+)?(?::\s*\w*)?\s*\{(.+)\}([\w\s,\*]*);', enum_str ) if not found: return Enum() name = found.group(2) enum_type_name = found.group(4).strip() if not found.group(1): enum_type_name = '' enum_item = found.group(3).strip() if not enum_item: return Enum(name, enum_type_name, [], hfile) if ',' == enum_item[-1]: enum_item = enum_item[:-1] enum_item = enum_item.split(', ') items_list = [] value = 0 for item in enum_item: if '=' in item: explicit_value = re.search( r'=\s*([\+\-]?(?:0x[a-fA-F0-9]+|\d+))', item) item = re.sub(r'\s*=.*', '', item) if explicit_value is not None: if 'x' in explicit_value.group(1): value = int(explicit_value.group(1), 16) else: value = int(explicit_value.group(1), 10) items_list.append(EnumItem(item.strip(), value)) else: items_list.append(EnumItem(item.strip(), 'x')) else: items_list.append(EnumItem(item.strip(), value)) value = value + 1 return Enum(name, enum_type_name, items_list, hfile) | Mid | [
0.557971014492753,
38.5,
30.5
] |
[Effect of electroacupuncture at "shenshu" point on renal blood flow in rabbits]. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" point (U.B.-23) on the renal blood flow (RBF) under the conditions of normal, glycerol-induced renal ischemia and renal neurotomy. The RBF, which is measured by hydrogen gas clearance method, was chosen as index. The results are as follows: 1. RBF is decreased by electroacupuncturing "Shenshu" point under both conditions of normal and glycerol-induced renal ischemia. 2. After renal neurotomy, RBF is increased by electroacupuncturing "Shenshu" point. These facts suggest that the effects of electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" point relate to the renal nerve and body fluid. | High | [
0.656914893617021,
30.875,
16.125
] |
On May 12, near the Sunni stronghold of Yusufiya, Iraq (about 15 miles south of Baghdad), al Qaeda fighters ambushed a coalition patrol, killing four soldiers and abducting three, all from the 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment of the 10th Mountain Division's 2nd Brigade Combat Team (based at Fort Drum, New York). Despite warnings from al Qaeda “not to look for the soldiers if [they] wanted them back alive,” American and Iraqi forces mobilized almost 4,000 troops to conduct a search for the missing men. The force spent much of the next weeks searching the area around Mahmoudiya, in the much-publicized “Triangle of Death.” Though they questioned over 450 people and detained 11 as a part of the probe, the soldiers were, unfortunately, not successfully recovered. On the morning of Wednesday, May 23, Hassan al-Jibouri, an Iraqi boater, saw a body floating in the Euphrates River. It had “head wounds and whip marks on its back,” said al-Jibouri, who alerted police about the discovery. Before the day was over, the body had been identified as being one of the three missing soldiers, PFC Joe Anzack, a 20-year-old from California. Two weeks later, on Monday, June 4, the so-called “Islamic State of Iraq” (ISI), an al Qaeda front group within that nation, released a video in which they said that the other two American captives, SPC Alex Jimenez, 25, of Massachusetts, and PVT Byron Fouty, 19, of Michigan, had been killed in captivity. Repeatedly mocking the “American military’s inability to find the soldiers,” the video showed what appeared to be the two soldiers’ identification cards, as well as other personal items, as evidence. This treatment of captive military combatants is, of course, squarely against the 1949 Geneva Conventions – the same rules of war which America is often accused, both by our foreign enemies and by domestic representatives of the “anti-war” movement, of violating. While the question of whether plainclothed foreign terrorists with no state or military affiliation, who are captured targeting civilians and purposely fighting amongst noncombatants, are entitled to the Conventions’ protections is, perhaps, still open for debate, there is no question that America’s soldiers, fighting in uniform, representing their country, and strictly adhering to the laws of armed conflict are officially protected by these agreements. Interestingly and predictably silent in the week since the ISI announced that it had murdered the remaining captives have been the “human rights” groups who seem to spend every day accusing the United States of phantom “torture,” war crimes, and various human rights violations, while largely ignoring the real crimes carried out by our enemies. Rather than even mention the killing of these American troops, or any other atrocities carried out on a daily basis by al Qaeda in Iraq (AQIZ), Amnesty International dedicated the front page of their website this last week to headlines decrying “secret CIA detention” facilities, and mourning “another death at Guantanamo after [an] apparent suicide.” The United Nations, always quick to condemn the acts of the US and Israel, had nothing whatsoever to say about this latest atrocity on the part of the Islamic terrorists against whom we are fighting in this war that former Secretary General Kofi Annan has repeatedly called “illegal.” Instead, according to its website, the UN was busy “marking 40 years of occupation by Israel of the Palestinian Territory” and “asking students to join the fight against climate change.” One notable exception to this trend was Human Rights Watch, which has in the past accused the US of “brutalizing Muslim suspects in the name of the war on terror.” Though their web site (predictably) featured such articles and statements as “The Guantanamo experiment has failed” and “The end of Bush’s kangaroo courts,” the “human rights” organization did, commendably, condemn the murder of the captive American troops. In an article entitled “Execution of Captive Soldiers Violates the Laws of War,” HRW’s Middle East director wrote that “Those claiming to hold the US soldiers captive must treat the men humanely,” and adding that, “if they have done otherwise, they have committed war crimes.” Of course, it wouldn’t be HRW if it didn’t include an apparently unavoidable dig at the US. The article concludes with the statement, “Human Rights Watch has documented violations of the laws of war of all parties to the conflict, including insurgent groups, US forces and the Iraqi government forces.” This treatment of captive American young men is not surprising to any who have been paying attention to the actions of these Islamic terrorists in recent years. Though many have blamed the US, and have gone so far as to call this type of behavior “blowback” earned by American actions, such atrocities really are a way of life for al Qaeda and others who have given their lives to brutality and terror. As LTC James Crider, the commander of the 1st Cavalry Squadron in Baghdad, recently told me, these terrorists cannot be appeased or negotiated with. Along with all of the westerners they can get their hands on, “they’ll kill all the Shi’a they can, and then they’ll kill all of the less-radical Sunni. And then, when there is nobody else left to kill, they’ll start killing each other.” Despite this fact, though, many opponents of America and her foreign policy have claimed that the reason for this brutal treatment of our forces abroad is that we have not properly afforded Geneva Convention protections to captured terrorists. Senators John Kerry (D-MA) and Arlen Specter (R-PA) have said that America’s treatment of detainees and “disastrous Iraq policy” have served as “a giant recruiting poster for terrorists,” and myriad liberal commentators and pundits have repeatedly made statements to the effect that, “as a reaction to [the US] policy of [supposedly torturing detainees,] there is now a good possibility that our soldiers will be tortured.” That people can utter such statements shows a startling ignorance of the enemy which America is facing. The idea that al Qaeda and other terrorist groups would respond to more humane treatment of captives by American soldiers by treating those they capture more humanely is profoundly mistaken. Lest we forget, these are the same inhuman fanatics who – on camera – cut off the heads of Daniel Pearl and Nick Berg, among many others; who routinely detonate themselves and their vehicles within crowds of civilians; and who hijacked American airliners full of fuel and passengers and flew them into skyscrapers. Likewise, these are the same sadistic inhuman fanatics who published manuals on real torture, including such methods as eyeball removal and using a power drill in strategic locations on the body, as well as other indescribably brutal acts. Simply showing terrorists such as these more goodwill is a means of emboldening them, not of pacifying them; restricting our actions and operations will not cause them to reciprocate, but to increase theirs even more. The position that al Qaeda’s brutally inhuman treatment of civilians and captive soldiers alike is the result of anything whatsoever that the U.S. has done, or that any action on America’s part – be it legislatively, or by withdrawing forces from areas populated by hardline Islamists – will result in a positive change in terrorist behavior is one which is borne out of ignorance and denial. Likewise, the position that the United States commits any acts whatsoever which could be construed to remotely resemble real “torture” in any way whatsoever is one borne out of ignorance and willful refusal to face reality. The fact that the word “torture” itself has been dumbed down so much that it is being used day in and day out to describe acts by the US which simply make those who would slaughter us slightly uncomfortable has, as Don Surber of The Belmont Club wrote recently, left us utterly impotent to describe the acts of al Qaeda and others, which until the word lost its meaning and power were known as torture themselves. Surber writes: The problem with the word "torture" is that it has been so artfully corrupted by some commentators that we now find ourselves at a loss to describe the kinds of activities that the al-Qaeda interrogation manual graphically recommends. Now that the term "torture" has been put in one-to-one correspondence with such admittedly unpleasant activities as punching, sleep deprivation, a handkerchief pulled over one's face and loaded with water, searches by women upon sensitive Islamic men or the disrespectful handling of Korans – what on earth do we call gouging people's eyes out? There are two answers to that question. The first is that we call that “torture,” as well, and equate such acts as gouging out a person’s eye, or drilling a hole in their arm with a power drill, with such “torture techniques” as those complained of by Mahjid Khan, a Gitmo detainee who had been charged by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed with the mission of blowing up several gas stations in the Washington, D.C. area. Facing his Combatant Status Tribunal late last month, Mr. Khan complained of the “mental torture” he was suffering at the hands of his captors. This mental torture, according to his testimony, came as a result of being forced to endure “cheap unscented soap,” “noisy fans,” and half-inflated balls in the recreation yard that “hardly bounce.” The second answer is that which Mr. Surber posits. He says: Answer: we call it nothing. My fearless prediction is that not a single human rights organization will seriously take the matter up. There will be no demonstrations against these barbaric practices, often inflicted upon Muslims by other Muslims, in any of the capitals of the world. Not a single committee in the United Nations will be convened nor will any functionary in the European Union lose so much as a night's sleep over it. The word for these activities -- whatever we choose to call it -- will not be spoken. The second part of Mr. Surber’s answer, though, which must be supplied here, is this: regardless of what we decide to call such practices, the US will be blamed for their being carried out. No matter what America does, and irregardless of the fact that we hold ourselves to a higher standard of behavior than any other nation in existence, there will be those who see the US as the greatest evil in the world, and as the source of all the world’s malcontents, criminals, and problems. We need to understand that it does not matter how much we change our ways of doing business, or how much the hands of our military and other terrorist-fighting organizations are tied in the name of not provoking our enemies further. Those we are fighting in the Global War on Terror are not cut from the same cloth as the militaries against whom we have done battle in the past. They follow no rules but their own, and, rather than being reciprocated, no good deed we perform – and no concession we make – will go unpunished. The United States formally banned “torture” last year in the foolishly naïve hope that doing so would cause our enemies to be less brutal when our own citizens were captured. If last year’s case of Kristian Menchaca and Tom Tucker, and this year’s case of Joe Anzack, Alex Jimenez, and Byron Fouty, do not cause us to open our eyes to the fallacy inherent in such belief, then we really are in such great denial about the enemy that we are facing in the GWOT that we have little, if any, hope of prevailing. | Mid | [
0.602803738317757,
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Characterization of 20q deletions in patients with myeloproliferative disorders or myelodysplastic syndromes. Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 20 are associated with several myeloid malignancies. We have analyzed the structure of the del(20q) in 30 patients and two cell lines. Twenty-one of the patients presented with a myeloproliferative disorder and nine with a myelodysplastic syndrome. Two categories of deletions were identified. Eighteen patients had a large deletion with loss of both G(+) bands from the long arm of chromosome 20. Twelve patients had small deletions with loss of one G(+) band from the long arm of chromosome 20. A chromosome paint was generated from a del 20q marker carrying a small deletion. This probe was hybridized to normal metaphases (reverse chromosome painting) and also to metaphases from patients with a del 20q (comparative reverse chromosome painting). All six small deletions analyzed were characterized by loss of the proximal G(+) band (q12) and retention of the distal G(+) band (q13.2). These data define a minimal deleted region extending from 20q11.2-20q13.1. | Mid | [
0.65,
32.5,
17.5
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Q: error MSB6006: "cmd.exe" exited with code 1 running QT application i compiled QT 5.0.1 with visual stdio 2012 command prompt. when i create console application every thing is good and works but when i create QT Application it throw this error: Error 1 error MSB6006: "cmd.exe" exited with code 1 (QT visual stdio qt-vs-addin-1.2.0 is installed) A: Turn on verbose build output to find your exact problem, Tools -> Options -> Projects and Solutions -> Build and Run -> build output and build log verbosity. My problem was using 'CONST' wrongly. (Clean and Rebuild seems to temporarily fix the problem, but you have to do it every time.) | High | [
0.682464454976303,
36,
16.75
] |
TUNG’S TAKE: 2022 Olympics to be a gold medal in spending Touring Olympic Park in Beijing in 2007 was a momentous occasion – the glorious Bird’s Nest Stadium, the acclaimed Water Cube still under construction across the square. It was supposed to be a national focal point, a place for the Chinese people to rally behind in celebration of their return to the world stage. My father’s good friend, one of the lead investors on a side project in the Chaoyang District next to the stadiums, happily sent us box after box of memorabilia for the games. But when my Aunt Sophia went back to Beijing in 2010, she found a completely different spectacle. “It’s awful!” she said. “The Bird’s Nest actually looks like a bird’s nest now. Because so much of the metal has rusted away, it’s brown now.” Her 10-year-old son, likewise, didn’t hold back. “The Water Cube’s bubbles have popped,” he said in a manner totally befitting a let-down child. Total cost: $40 billion. But that was downright thrifty compared to the most recent Olympic fiasco, Sochi 2014. With all the corruption and construction costs (over $8 billion for one highway and rail link), those games tallied in at over $50 billion. Which explains why Oslo and Stockholm have withdrawn their bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The fact of the matter is this: no celebratory event, no matter how grandiose, should ever set taxpayers back $50 billion dollars. The only two host cities left in contention for the 2022 Games are Almaty (the largest city in Kazakhstan) and Beijing. Both cities have the antithesis of democratic political systems. For Beijing, this was most clearly shown in their response to the Hong Kong protests. If the IOC wants countries that aren’t ruled by totalitarian regimes to step up to the bidding table, it’s going to need to revamp the current notion that the bigger the bucks, the better the bang. We need to stop comparing the sizes of the stadiums and get back to what the core mission statement of the Olympics is all about: striving for better. Better doesn’t always have to equal more, as Sochi and Beijing have shown us. | Mid | [
0.5685393258426961,
31.625,
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All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Sedentary behaviors (SBs) are those waking activities characterized by low energy expenditure (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents, METs) that are performed in a sitting or reclining position \[[@pone.0188836.ref001]\]. Among the most frequent SBs, watching TV has been consistently associated with higher risk of several adverse health outcomes, independently of physical activity (PA) \[[@pone.0188836.ref002]--[@pone.0188836.ref008]\], but results on the association of other SB with health have been less consistent \[[@pone.0188836.ref009]--[@pone.0188836.ref014]\]. This might be due to several explanations. First, although watching TV and other screens is the predominant leisure-time SB \[[@pone.0188836.ref015]\], TV watching time might not be a marker of a broader sedentary pattern. For instance, in a sample of the population of urban areas of Adelaide in Australia, time spent watching TV was associated positively with time in other SB and negatively with leisure-time PA in women, but no such associations were observed in men \[[@pone.0188836.ref016]\]. Another potential explanation is that different SB may have different health effects. It has been suggested that TV and other "passive" SB including listening or talking while sitting, and sitting around could be more harmful than other "mentally-active" SB, such as computer-use and reading books or newspapers \[[@pone.0188836.ref017]\]. In fact, several studies have found that TV watching time, but not other SB (e.g. time seated at the computer, reading or commuting), is associated with cardio-metabolic biomarkers \[[@pone.0188836.ref009], [@pone.0188836.ref010]\], poor cognitive performance \[[@pone.0188836.ref011]\], and all-cause mortality \[[@pone.0188836.ref012]\]. Also, some studies have found a stronger association of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes risk with time spent watching TV than with time spent seated in other activities, including at work or away from home or driving \[[@pone.0188836.ref004], [@pone.0188836.ref013], [@pone.0188836.ref014]\]. These apparently different associations of each SB may reflect that TV watching time is the predominant SB and is better recalled than time spent in other SB \[[@pone.0188836.ref018]\], but it is also possible that they partly result from distinct demographic and health characteristics of individuals with each SB, which might be difficult to account for in statistical analyses. To our knowledge, no previous study on a representative sample of a whole country has examined the association between TV watching time and the rest of SB, or has reported the full profile of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables associated with each type of SB. Accordingly, the objective of this manuscript was to assess the correlation between time spent in different types of SB, as well as to identify the variables associated with each type of SB, in the adult population of Spain. Material and methods {#sec002} ==================== Study design and participants {#sec003} ----------------------------- Data were taken from the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA), whose methods have been reported elsewhere \[[@pone.0188836.ref019], [@pone.0188836.ref020]\]. In brief, this was a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2008 and October 2010 with a representative sample of the non-institutionalized population of Spain aged 18 years and older. Participants were selected by stratified cluster sampling. First, the sample was stratified by province and size of municipality. Second, clusters were selected randomly in two stages: municipalities and census sections. Finally, the households within each section were selected by random phone dialing; participants in the households were selected proportionally to the sex and age distribution of the Spanish population. Trained and certified staff collected information in three stages: a phone interview and two subsequent home visits. The phone interview obtained data on sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, self-rated health and morbidity. In the first home visit, blood and urine samples were collected and sent to a central laboratory for analytical determinations; and in the second visit, an electronic dietary history was obtained and a physical examination was performed. A total of 22,387 subjects were invited to participate in the study and 12,985 (58%) responded to the telephone interview. Of these, 12,880 (99.2%) provided a sample of blood and urine. Of these, 11,191 (86.9%) participated in the physical examination and provided dietary information. Therefore, the final response rate in the study was 51%. From the study participants, we excluded 992 without complete data on study variables; thus, the analytical sample included 10,199 (5,459 women, 4,740 men) individuals. The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of 'La Paz' University Hospital in Madrid approved the study, and participants provided written informed consent. Study variables {#sec004} =============== Sedentary behaviors {#sec005} ------------------- SB were ascertained with the questionnaire of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) validated in Spain \[[@pone.0188836.ref021]\]. Individuals reported the number of hours/week in the preceding year spent in six sedentary activities during leisure time: seated watching TV, seated while commuting, seated at the computer, seated or lying in the sun in summer and winter, seated or lying while listening to music (except in transportation), and seated while reading (except in transportation). Other variables {#sec006} --------------- Study participants reported their sex, age, educational level (≤primary, secondary, and university studies), employment status (employed, not employed), and tobacco consumption (current, former and never smoker). Food consumption was obtained with a validated computerized diet history, developed from that used in the EPIC-cohort in Spain \[[@pone.0188836.ref022]\]. This diet history collected information on 34 alcoholic beverages and used photographs to help quantify portion sizes; this information served to classify study participants as non-drinkers (including also occasional drinkers), ex-drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers; the threshold between moderate and heavy intake was 40 g/day in men and 24 g/day in women \[[@pone.0188836.ref023], [@pone.0188836.ref024]\]. Participants were also classified according to their adherence to the Mediterranean Drinking Pattern (MDP), defined as moderate average alcohol consumption with wine preference and intake drinking only with meals \[[@pone.0188836.ref023], [@pone.0188836.ref024]\]. Finally, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was summarized using the MEDAS index \[[@pone.0188836.ref025]\]; a higher score on MEDAS (range 0--14) represented a better adherence. Physical activity was assessed with the validated EPIC-Spain cohort questionnaire \[[@pone.0188836.ref026]\] and summarized according to the Cambridge Physical Activity Index \[[@pone.0188836.ref027]\]. This index includes four categories (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active and active), which result from combinations of categories of physical activity at work and of duration (h/week) of physical activity at leisure (cycling, running, aerobics, swimming, etc.). Physical activity at work was obtained in five categories (sedentary occupation, standing occupation, manual, heavy manual work, and no work), which were grouped into sedentary and non-sedentary occupation. Recreational physical activity was expressed in MET-hour/day from walking, cycling and other types of exercise (running, soccer, aerobics, swimming, tennis, gymnastics), and was classified into tertiles. In addition, habitual light intensity physical activity during leisure time was estimated from the time devoted to household chores (cleaning, washing, cooking, taking care of children, etc.) and to gardening and do-it-yourself activities \[[@pone.0188836.ref026]\]. Weight and height were measured at home twice using electronic scales and portable extendable stadiometers. Mean values of the two measurements were used for analyses. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kg divided by squared height in m. Normal weight was defined as a BMI\<25 kg/m^2^, overweight as BMI 25--29.9 kg/m^2^, and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m^2^. We also ascertained the time spent sleeping with the following questions: 1)"Can you tell me approximately how long you usually sleep at night?" and 2)"Can you tell me approximately how long you usually sleep during the day?" Participants were asked to report the number of hours and minutes they slept \[[@pone.0188836.ref028]\]. Lastly, study participants reported the following physician-diagnosed diseases: cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure), diabetes and osteomuscular disease (hip or knee osteoarthritis, arthritis). Statistical analysis {#sec007} -------------------- To assess the correlation between SB, we calculated partial Pearson correlation coefficients (r) adjusted for sex, age (continuous), education (≤primary, secondary, university studies), and employment status (employed, not employed). Given that BMI may confound the correlation between SB, we ran additional analyses with further adjustment for BMI. Next, to identify the sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables associated with each SB, we used linear regression models that were adjusted for sex, age (continuous), education (≤primary, secondary, university studies), and employment status (employed, not employed). The study associations were summarized with beta regression coefficients and their corresponding 95% confidence interval. For ordinal variables, we tested the dose-response relationship with P-values for trend, which were calculated by assigning a progressively increasing value (1, 2, 3) to each of the categories, and modeling them as a continuous variable. Finally we examined if the variables associated with each SB varied by sex and age; for this purpose, we used factorial F-tests that compared models with and without interaction terms (products of age or sex categories by the study variables). Given that in most cases P-values were \>0.05 and that results were always similar in each sex and age group, study findings are presented for the total study sample. Analyses were weighted to reconstruct the Spanish population, and were performed with the *survey* procedure in STATA (version 13.0, College Station, TX: StataCorp LP). Results {#sec008} ======= Watching TV was the predominant SB (45.4% of the total sitting time) among study participants, followed by being seated at the computer (22.7%), reading (15.3%) and commuting (11.8%) ([Table 1](#pone.0188836.t001){ref-type="table"}). 10.1371/journal.pone.0188836.t001 ###### Time spent in sedentary behaviors (excluding at work) in the adult population of spain (ENRICA study, N = 10,199). {#pone.0188836.t001g} Mean (SD), h/day \% ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------ Watching TV 1.96 (1.40) 45.4 Using computer 0.98 (1.46) 22.7 Commuting 0.51 (0.59) 11.8 Lying in the sun 0.02 (0.14) 0.5 Listening to music[^a^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.19 (0.51) 4.4 Reading[^a^](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.66 (0.85) 15.3 SD: Standard deviation ^a^ Except in transportation Percentages do not sum 100 because of rounding [Table 2](#pone.0188836.t002){ref-type="table"} presents the correlations between SB. TV watching time showed no correlation with total time spent in other SB (r: -0.02, p = 0.07), and showed a weak inverse correlation with the time being seated while commuting (r:-0.02, p = 0.05) and reading (r: -0.04, p\<0.01). By contrast, it also showed a weak direct correlation with listening to music (r: 0.02, p = 0.03). However, time seated at the computer was directly correlated with time spent in commuting (r: 0.07, p\<0.01), listening to music (r: 0.14, p\<0.01) and reading (r: 0.11, p\<0.01). Also, being seated or lying in the sun was directly correlated with listening to music (r: 0.06, p\<0.01), and longer time listening to music was linked to longer time reading (r: 0.12, p\<001). Results did not materially change after additional adjustment for BMI (data not shown in tables). 10.1371/journal.pone.0188836.t002 ###### Correlations (P-value) between the main sedentary behaviors in the adult population of Spain (ENRICA study, N = 10,199). {#pone.0188836.t002g} Sedentary behaviors --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------------- ------------------- --- Watching TV (h/day) 1 **Other sedentary behaviors (h/day)**[^**a**^](#t002fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -0.02 (0.07) 1 Using computer (h/day) 0.00 (1.00) 0.13 (**\<0.01**)[\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 1 Commuting (h/day) -0.02 (0.05) 0.07 (**\<0.01**)[\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.07 (**\<0.01**) 1 Lying in the sun (h/day) 0.01 (0.60) 0.04 (**\<0.01**)[\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.02 (0.06) 0.02 (0.11) 1 Listening to music (h/day) 0.02 (**0.03**) 0.14 (**\<0.01**)[\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.10 (**\<0.01**) 0.02 (**0.02**) 0.06 (**\<0.01**) 1 Reading (h/day) -0.04 (**\<0.01**) 0.11 (**\<0.01**)[\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.08 (**\<0.01**) 0.01 (0.28) 0.02 (**0.02**) 0.12 (**\<0.01**) 1 ^a^ Includes sitting time at the computer, commuting, lying in the sun, listening to music, and reading. \*Not includes the sedentary behavior of interest. Results are adjusted for sex, age (continuous), educational level (≤primary, secondary, university), and employment status (employed, not employed). P-values \<0.05 are presented in bold. [Table 3](#pone.0188836.t003){ref-type="table"} shows the main variables associated with each SB. Watching TV time was greater in those with older age, lower education and unhealthier lifestyle (smoking, worse diet, less recreational physical activity, higher BMI), and in those with diabetes or osteomuscular disease. However, more time seated at the computer and in commuting was linked to younger age, male gender, higher education, and having a sedentary job. Other variables, including diet quality, recreational physical activity, household light intensity activity or night-time sleep were statistically linked to time seated at the computer or during commuting, but the associations were very weak. Associations were less marked for the other SB, but reading time was longer in older people, with higher education, who did more recreational physical activity, devoted less time to household chores and suffered from cardiovascular disease. 10.1371/journal.pone.0188836.t003 ###### Beta regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) for the association of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and morbidity with time spent in sedentary behaviors in the adult population of Spain (ENRICA study, N = 10,199). {#pone.0188836.t003g} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sedentary behaviors (h/day) -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- **Sociodemographic factors** Sex Men Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Women -0.01 (-0.08;0.06)\ **-0.33 (-0.40;-0.26)**\ **-0.22 (-0.25;-0.20)**\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ **-0.10 (-0.13;-0.07)**\ -0.04 (-0.08;0.00)\ Age, years 18--44 Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. 45--64 **0.30 (0.23;0.37)**\ **-0.32 (-0.40;-0.23)**\ **-0.18 (-0.22;-0.15)**\ 0.00 (-0.01; 0.01)\ **-0.06 (-0.09;-0.03)**\ **0.14 (0.10;0.19)**\ ≥65 **0.89 (0.77;1.00)**\ **-0.68 (-0.76;-0.60)**\ **-0.34 (-0.37;-0.30)**\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ -0.01 (-0.05;0.04)\ **0.33 (0.26;0.40)**\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** **\<0.01** **\<0.01** 0.72 \<0.01 **\<0.01** Educational level ≤Primary Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Secondary **-0.29 (-0.38;-0.20)**\ **0.43 (0.36;0.51)**\ **0.06 (0.03;0.09)**\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ 0.02 (-0.01;0.05)\ **0.34 (0.29;0.38)**\ University **-0.67 (-0.76;-0.58)**\ **0.98 (0.89;1.08)**\ **0.10 (0.07;0.14)**\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ 0.01 (-0.02;0.05)\ **0.54 (0.48;0.59)**\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** **\<0.01** **\<0.01** 0.65 0.55 **\<0.01** **Lifestyle** Smoking Current Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Former -0.19 (-0.28;-0.10) 0.07 (-0.02;0.17) -0.02 (-0.06;0.01)\ 0.01 (-0.01;0.02)\ -0.01 (-0.04;0.03)\ 0.01 (-0.05;0.07)\ Never -0.21 (-0.28;-0.14)\ 0.05 (-0.03;0.13)\ -0.02 (-0.05;0.02)\ 0.00 (-0.01; 0.00)\ 0.00 (-0.03;0.03)\ -0.02 (-0.08;0.03)\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** 0.26 0.38 0.20 0.94 0.36 Alcohol intake[^b^](#t003fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} Non-drinker Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ex-drinker 0.17 (0.00;0.34)\ 0.01 (-0.12;0.13)\ -0.01 (-0.07;0.05)\ 0.02 (0.00;0.04)\ 0.00 (-0.05;0.05)\ -0.01 (-0.10;0.09)\ Moderate drinker -0.04 (-0.10;0.03)\ 0.03 (-0.04;0.10)\ -0.01 (-0.04;0.02)\ 0.01 (0.00;.0.01)\ -0.01 (-0.03;0.02)\ -0.01 (-0.05;0.04)\ Heavy drinker 0.08 (-0.06;0.22)\ -0.07 (-0.21;0.07)\ -0.07 (-0.12;-0.02)\ -0.01 (-0.02;0.00)\ 0.03 (-0.03;0.08)\ -0.04 (-0.12;0.04)\ *P-trend*\ 0.66\ 0.87 0.13\ 0.52\ 0.98\ 0.50\ *(excluding ex-drinkers)* Mediterranean drinking pattern (MDP) \ \ \ \ \ \ Non-drinker Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ex-drinker **0.17 (0.00;0.33)**\ 0.01 (-0.12;0.13)\ -0.01 (-0.07;0.05)\ 0.02 (0.00;0.04)\ 0.00 (-0.05;0.05)\ -0.01 (-0.10;0.09)\ Drinker with no MDP -0.01 (-0.08;0.06)\ 0.02 (-0.06;0.10)\ -0.02 (-0.05;0.01)\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ 0.00 (-0.03;0.03)\ 0.00 (-0.05;0.04)\ Drinker with MDP\ -0.07 (-0.17;0.03)\ 0.02 (-0.07;0.12)\ 0.01 (-0.03;0.04)\ 0.01 (0.00;0.02)\ -0.01 (-0.04;0.03)\ -0.03 (-0.09;0.02)\ MEDAS score (tertiles)[^c^](#t003fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} ≤6 Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. 7--8 **-0.09 (-0.17;-0.01)**\ 0.04 (-0.05;0.12)\ 0.00 (-0.04;0.03)\ -0.01 (-0.01;0.00)\ -0.02 (-0.04;0.01)\ 0.00 (-0.05;0.05)\ ≥9 **-0.19 (-0.26;-0.11)**\ -0.02 (-0.09;0.06)\ **-0.04 (-0.07;-0.01)**\ -0.01 (-0.01;0.00)\ -0.01 (-0.04;0.02) 0.01 (-0.03;0.06)\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** 0.80 **0.03** 0.06 0.47 0.64 Cambridge\'s physical activity index Inactive Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Moderately inactive **-0.29 (-0.38;-0.21)** **-0.22 (-0.31;-0.14)** **0.04 (0.01;0.07)** 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) -0.03 (-0.06;0.00) 0.03 (-0.03;0.08) Moderately active **-0.35 (-0.44;-0.26)** **-0.27 (-0.37;-0.17)** 0.03 (0.00;0.07) 0.01 (0.00;0.02) -0.01 (-0.05;0.02) 0.01 (-0.05;0.06) Active **-0.43 (-0.53;-0.33)** **-0.42 (-0.53;-0.30)** 0.03 (-0.02;0.09) **0.02 (0.01;0.03)** -0.01 (-0.06;0.03) 0.03 (-0.04:0.09) *P-trend* **\<0.01** **\<0.01** 0.18 **\<0.01** 0.66 0.58 Sedentary work No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Yes **-**0.06 (-0.12;0.01) **0.78 (0.68;0.87)** **0.05 (0.01;0.08)** 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) 0.01 (-0.02;0.04) 0.00 (-0.05;0.05) Recreational physical activity (MET\*h/week) ≤18 Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. \>18-≤39 **-0.15 (-0.22;-0.07)**\ 0.02 (-0.06;0.09)\ 0.00 (-0.03;0.03)\ 0.01 (0.00;0.02)\ 0.04 (0.01;0.06)\ 0.08 (0.03;0.13)\ \>39 **-0.19 (-0.27;-0.12)**\ **0.09 (0.01;0.17)**\ **-0.03 (-0.06;0.00)**\ **0.02 (0.01;0.02)**\ **0.05 (0.02;0.08)**\ **0.22 (0.16;0.28)**\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** **0.03** 0.09 **\<0.01** **\<0.01** **\<0.01** Performing household\ chores (MET\*h/day) \<Median (\<3.90) Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. ≥Median (≥3.90) -0.03 (-0.10;0.04)\ **-0.11 (-0.19;-0.04)**\ 0.00 (-0.03;0.02)\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ **-0.03 (-0.06;0.00)**\ **-0.06 (-0.10;-0.01)**\ *P-trend* 0.39 **\<0.01** 0.80 0.82 **0.04** **0.01** Gardening/do-it-yourself (h/day) \ \ \ \ \ \ ≤Median (≤0) Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. \>Median (\>0) **-0.21 (-0.28;-0.14)**\ -0.01 (-0.08;0.06)\ **0.06 (0.03;0.09)**\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ 0.00 (-0.03;0.03)\ -0.03 (-0.07;0.01)\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** 0.80\ **\<0.01** 0.69 0.94 0.18\ Body mass index (kg/m^2^) \>25 Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. 25--29.9 **0.15 (0.08;0.22)**\ -0.11 (-0.19;-0.03)\ 0.00 (-0.03;0.03)\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.00)\ -0.02 (-0.05;0.01)\ 0.01 (-0.04;0.07)\ ≥30 **0.37 (0.28;0.46)**\ -0.07 (-0.17;0.02)\ 0.03 (-0.01;0.06)\ **-0.01 (-0.02;0.00)**\ -0.02 (-0.06;0.01)\ -0.04 (-0.10;0.01)\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** 0.07 0.15 **0.01** 0.15 0.18 Day-time sleeping (h/day) \<Median (\<0.14) Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. ≥Median (≥0.14) **0.11 (0.05;0.17)**\ -0.01 (-0.08;0.05)\ 0.01 (-0.02;0.03)\ 0.01 (0.00;0.01)\ 0.01 (-0.01;0.04)\ -0.02 (-0.06;0.02)\ *P-trend* **\<0.01** 0.73 0.52 0.10 0.25 0.38 Night-time sleeping (h/day) \<Median (\<7) Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. ≥Median (≥7) 0.01 (-0.06;0.08)\ **-0.07 (-0.14;0.00)**\ **-0.07 (-0.10;-0.04)**\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.01)\ -0.03 (-0.06;0.00)\ -0.03 (-0.08;0.02)\ *P-trend* 0.77 **0.04** **\<0.01** 0.62 0.05 0.19 **Morbidity** Cardiovascular disease[^d^](#t003fn005){ref-type="table-fn"} No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Yes 0.00 (-0.24;0.24)\ 0.12 (-0.06;0.31)\ -0.03 (-0.09;0.03)\ 0.01 (-0.02;0.04)\ -0.05 (-0.10;0.01)\ **0.23 (0.05;0.41)**\ Diabetes No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Yes **0.21 (0.07;0.34)**\ 0.00 (-0.09;0.10)\ 0.02 (-0.03;0.07)\ 0.00 (-0.01;0.02)\ 0.05 (-0.01;0.11)\ -0.05 (-0.13;0.03)\ Osteomuscular disease[^e^](#t003fn006){ref-type="table-fn"} No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Yes **0.25 (0.15;0.35)**\ -0.03 (-0.10;0.04)\ 0.01 (-0.02;0.04)\ 0.01 (0.00;0.02)\ **0.06 (0.03;0.10)**\ -0.05 (-0.10;0.00)\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Results are adjusted for sex, age (continuous), educational level (≤primary, secondary, university), and employment status (employed, not employed). However, results for Cambridge\'s physical activity index and sedentary work are only adjusted for age, sex and educational level because the definition of these variables included employment status. ^a^ Except in transportation. ^b^Threshold between moderate and excessive alcohol intake: 40 g/d in men and 24 g/d in women. ^c^Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (range 0--14). ^d^Ischemic heart disease, stroke, or heart failure ^e^Hip or knee osteoarthritis or arthritis. Statistical significant results (p\<0.05) are presented in bold. Discussion {#sec009} ========== Our results in the adult population of Spain show that watching TV has no association with total time spent on the rest of leisure-time SB, but has an inverse weak association with time devoted to commuting and reading. This suggests that people are partly substituting these specific SB for TV watching. Moreover, each type of SB has a distinct demographic and lifestyle profile; while time watching TV was greater in those with older age, lower education, unhealthy lifestyle and who suffered from chronic morbidity, a longer time spent seated at the computer or in commuting was linked to younger age, male gender, higher education and a sedentary job. This could have contributed to differences in health problems associated with TV watching versus other SB observed in several studies. Our results on the lack of correlation between watching TV and total time spent on the rest SB are consistent with those obtained among middle-age men from an urban area in Australia \[[@pone.0188836.ref016]\]. However, in the latter study, watching TV was directly associated with other SB among women; as argued by the authors, women spend more time than men in home-related chores outside of work hours, so it is possible that differences in the ways that women and men use their non-working hours may influence the gender difference found in their study \[[@pone.0188836.ref016]\]. Our results, obtained in a whole country, show that, compared to men, women spent less time seated using the computer, in transportation and reading, but more time doing household chores (2.82 vs. 1.08 h/day); however, it has not precluded observing a null correlation between TV time and the rest of SB in each gender. Thus, it is possible that gender differences in this correlation are context-specific and they should be studied across countries, cultures, etc. In addition, our study shows that "mentally-active" SB, including using the computer and reading, tend to cluster and, thus, confirm results of an exploratory factor analysis of data from a postal survey in Japanese older adults \[[@pone.0188836.ref017]\]. Also in line with this investigation \[[@pone.0188836.ref017]\], we found that a "passive" sedentary time, such as TV watching, was associated with less recreational physical activity and higher body weight, while time at the computer and reading were linked to more recreational physical activity but less light-intensity activity at home. Our results on the variables associated with SB broadly concur with those from a review of 109 studies (83 of them were cross-sectional) published from 1982 to 2011 \[[@pone.0188836.ref029]\]. In this review, TV viewing time increased with age and BMI, decreased with educational level and leisure-time physical activity, and did not vary with gender; however results on the link between watching TV and smoking were mixed \[[@pone.0188836.ref029]\]. Like our study, this review provides evidence that computer use decreases with age and increases with educational level; however no association was found between computer use and leisure-time physical activity, and results were inconclusive about the association with gender and BMI \[[@pone.0188836.ref029]\]. Lastly, results in our study and in the review \[[@pone.0188836.ref029]\] do not support a relationship between any type of SB and alcohol consumption. Our study extends knowledge in this field by considering more types of SB than most previous research \[[@pone.0188836.ref029]\]; moreover, the associations between SB and certain lifestyles (e.g., drinking and dietary patterns, light intensity physical activity at home, sedentary work), which we assessed in our study, have been under-researched \[[@pone.0188836.ref029]\]. Methodological aspects {#sec010} ---------------------- Some methodological aspects warrant a comment. First, this study was cross-sectional, so no causal inferences can be made from the observed correlations and associations. Second, information on SB was self-reported. Sedentary time estimated with the Spanish version of the NHS questionnaire has shown a moderate validity against accelerometry; specifically, the Spearman correlation between the ratio of sedentary lifestyle to physical activity obtained through the questionnaire and the objective estimation (Triaxial Research Tracker) was -0.58 (95% confidence interval -0.75 to -0.33) \[[@pone.0188836.ref021]\]. However, given that objective measurement methods only estimate total sitting time, self-report is the only way to assess the different domains and types of activities that characterize each type of SB. Also, different SB assessed with this questionnaire have predicted obesity, diabetes and other adverse health outcomes in studies in the US and Spain \[[@pone.0188836.ref004], [@pone.0188836.ref012], [@pone.0188836.ref020]\]. Notwithstanding this, we acknowledge that the validity of each type of reported SB is unknown and that we cannot exclude that some SB were performed concurrently (e.g., lying in the sun and reading). Third, in some cases statistical significance was achieved for very weak, and possibly irrelevant, associations (e.g., diet quality and time spent in commuting), due to the large sample of the study; thus these statistically significant associations should not be over-interpreted. Fourth, different lifestyle and clinical profiles associated with TV watching versus using a computer could partly reflect the fact that time spent in the former was much greater than in the latter. Indeed, in a sensitivity analysis changing the thresholds of mentally-active sedentary time from 1 h/day to 3 h/day among older Japanese people, higher mentally-active sedentary time became associated with being overweight \[[@pone.0188836.ref017]\]. Also, too much computer use has been associated with overweight and physical inactivity in a study of 2,650 middle-aged Australian adults \[[@pone.0188836.ref030]\]. Thus, future research should examine if, regardless of the specific activity performed (e.g., reading, commuting, computer use), a very prolonged sitting time could be harmful to health. Fifth, although our study included many lifestyle and clinical variables, we did not assess cognitive, social, or environmental factors potentially associated with SB. Future investigations must consider these variables, because they could mix their health effects with those of SB, and because they can be well suited for targeted interventions to reduce SB. Sixth, as regards generalizability of results, Spain is suffering a hard economic crisis, which may have affected SB (e.g., a higher unemployment rate has surely reduced sedentary jobs and time spent commuting). Thus, results could have been somewhat different had the data been obtained during the hardest period of crisis (2011--2024). Lastly, results should be replicated in countries with different patterns of SB; for instance, studies should be conducted in areas with limited access to internet, which may limit time spent at the computer and modify the observed associations. Practical implications {#sec011} ====================== Our findings have practical importance. First, given that TV watching is not correlated with total time spent in other SB, future research should assess the health effect of each type of SB separately. Second, because each type of SB shows a distinct sociodemographic, lifestyle and health profile, interventions to reduce each type of SB may need to be targeted to different population subgroups. An third, our research sheds some light on the optimal choice for intervening on SB: substituting SB with a different behavior that involves some type of physical activity (e.g., walking, swimming, laps), versus altering behavioral topography (e.g., from sitting to standing) while continuing with the original activity (e.g., standing while working) \[[@pone.0188836.ref031]\]. Despite the first alternative is behaviorally complex, the inverse association between TV viewing time and recreational physical activity provides some evidence of time displacement, and suggests that increasing physical activity may lead to reducing TV time. However, this seems not be the case for using the computer and reading because they show a direct association with recreational activity. By contrast, the fact that the time using the computer was greater in those with a sedentary job suggests that a postural change from sitting to standing could be a sensible intervention to reduce sedentary time while working at the computer (because most sedentary work currently requires a computer) \[[@pone.0188836.ref031], [@pone.0188836.ref032]\]. Supporting information {#sec012} ====================== ###### Database. (DTA) ###### Click here for additional data file. This work was supported by grants from FIS 16/609 (State Secretary of R+D+I and FEDER/FSE), DEP2013-47786-R (Secretary of R+D+I and FEDER/FSE), and Plan Nacional sobre Drogas 02/2014 (Ministry of Health). The funding agencies had no role in study design, data analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation or in the decision to submit this manuscript for publication. [^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. | High | [
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Q: xcode6.1 launchscreen launchimage blank I know this question exists in numerous forums, but i did not quite find the right answer. Well I'm working under xcode6.1 and developing a universal app, I added the launchimages to the image assets and in the target->general settings added the launchimage name required, then I launched the app and I got a white screen instead of the image. Am I missing something? A: Beneath the Launch Images Source is Launch Screen File option. By default it is set to LaunchScreen.xib You need to clear it. Then the xcode6.1 will pick Launch images from your image assests | Mid | [
0.6533523537803131,
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import React from 'react'; export const deductionCodes = Object.freeze({ '30': 'Compensation & pension debt', '41': 'Chapter 34 education debt', '44': 'Chapter 35 education debt', '71': 'Post-9/11 GI Bill debt for books and supplies', '72': 'Post-9/11 GI Bill debt for housing', '74': 'Post-9/11 GI Bill debt for tuition', '75': 'Post-9/11 GI Bill debt for tuition (school liable)', }); export const renderAdditionalInfo = deductionCode => { switch (deductionCode) { case '30': return ( <div className="vads-u-font-family--sans"> <p> The compensation and pension offices sent you a letter explaining why you have this debt. Some common reasons for this type of debt are: </p> <ul> <li> A change in your spouse's or dependent's status wasn't submitted or processed before we made a payment to you, <strong>or</strong> </li> <li> There was an adjustment to your drill pay, <strong>or</strong> </li> <li> Your eligibility for a benefit might have changed,{' '} <strong>or</strong> </li> <li>We made a duplicate or incorrect payment to you</li> </ul> <p> If you want more information about the reason for this debt or the decision resulting in this debt, please call the VA office for your benefit type: </p> <p> <strong>Disability compensation:</strong>{' '} <a href="tel: 800-827-1000" aria-label="800. 8 2 7. 1000."> 800-827-1000 </a> {', '} Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m to 8:00 p.m. ET </p> <p> <strong>Veterans Pension:</strong>{' '} <a href="tel: 877-294-6380" aria-label="877. 2 9 4. 6380."> 877-294-6380 </a> {', '} Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m to 4:30 p.m. ET </p> <p> If you want more information about debt overpayment and available options, please call the Debt Management Center at{' '} <a href="tel: 800-827-0648" aria-label="800. 8 2 7. 0648."> 800-827-0648 </a> </p> </div> ); case '41': case '44': return ( <div className="vads-u-font-family--sans"> <p> The Education office sent you a letter explaining why you have this debt. Some common reasons for this type of debt are: </p> <ul> <li> You made a change in course enrollment, <strong>or</strong> </li> <li> You withdrew from a higher-education institution,{' '} <strong>or</strong> </li> <li> Your eligibility for a benefit might have changed,{' '} <strong>or</strong> </li> <li>We made a duplicate or incorrect payment to you</li> </ul> <p> If you want more information about the reason for this debt or the decision resulting in this debt, please call the Education office at{' '} <a href="tel: 888-442-4551" aria-label="888. 4 4 2. 4551."> 888-442-4551 </a> {'. '} We're here Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. ET. </p> <p> If you want more information about debt overpayment and available options, please call the Debt Management Center at{' '} <a href="tel: 800-827-0648" aria-label="800. 8 2 7. 0648."> 800-827-0648 </a> </p> </div> ); case '71': case '72': case '74': case '75': return ( <div className="vads-u-font-family--sans"> <p> The Education office sent you a letter explaining why you have this debt. Some common reasons for this type of debt are: </p> <ul> <li> You made a change in course enrollment, <strong>or</strong> </li> <li> You withdrew from a higher-education institution,{' '} <strong>or</strong> </li> <li>Your eligibility for a benefit might have changed, or</li> <li>We made a duplicate or incorrect payment to you</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Note:</strong> For Post-9/11 GI Bill debts, please make separate payments for tuition, housing, and books and supplies. When there is a change in this benefit's use, we'll collect the three debts separately. </p> <p> If you want more information about the reason for this debt or the decision resulting in this debt, please call the Education office at{' '} <a href="tel: 888-442-4551" aria-label="888. 4 4 2. 4551."> 888-442-4551 </a> {'. '} We're here Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. ET. </p> <p> If you want more information about debt overpayment and available options, please call the Debt Management Center at{' '} <a href="tel: 800-827-0648" aria-label="800. 8 2 7. 0648."> 800-827-0648 </a> </p> </div> ); default: return null; } }; export const CoronaVirusAlert = () => ( <> <h3 className="vads-u-font-family--serif vads-u-margin-top--0"> VA debt collection is on hold due to the coronavirus </h3> <p className="vads-u-font-family--sans vads-u-margin-bottom--0"> We’ve taken action to stop collection on newly established Veteran debt and make it easier for Veterans to request extended repayment plans and address other financial needs during this time. </p> <p className="vads-u-font-family--sans vads-u-margin-bottom--0"> You won’t receive any debt collection letters in the mail until after December 31, 2020. For the latest information about managing VA debt, visit our{' '} <a href="http://va.gov/coronavirus-veteran-frequently-asked-questions/"> coronavirus FAQs </a> {'.'} </p> </> ); | Mid | [
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Q: What would be the proper usage of "Qua" in a sentence? I'm a native English speaker, but I'm trying to expand my vocabulary slightly. I looked this up online, and the definition for it baffled me. How exactly would I go about using this particular word? A: The one place where I encountered qua over and over and over was in the Random House translations of Aristotle that we used in college when studying the Greek philosophers (or more specifically, "the philosopher," as a number of medieval scholars referred to Aristotle). A brief but not altogether enlightening explanation of qua as used in translations of Aristotle appears in the University of Washington's Introduction to Aristotle page: Each of the special sciences studies some particular realm of being, some part of what there is. But there is also, Aristotle maintains (Metaphysics IV.1), a more general study of what there is, a study of being qua being. ('Qua' is a technical expression Aristotle uses to indicate an aspect under which something is to be considered.) The study of being qua being concerns the most general class of things, viz., everything that exists. And it studies them under their most general aspect, namely, as things that exist. As I recall, when people asked our professor what the qua in "being qua being" meant, he said it indicated a focused interest in the thing in itself (the thing αυτος, as an ancient Greek might have expressed it)—the essence of "being as being." However, I think that qua, unmoored from Aristotle (or Aristotle's Latin translators), loses some of the epistemological intensity of the original. Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary (2003) has this rather lackluster entry for qua: qua prep {L, which way, as, fr. abl. sing. fem. of qui who — more at WHO} (1647) : in the capacity or character of : AS {confusion of the role of scientist qua scientist with that of scientist as citizen—Philip Handler} The quotation from Handler is actually the most interesting thing about this entry, because it illustrates that qua continues to be used especially in situations involving exact mirroring of a thing as itself ("scientist qua scientist") and not as often in structurally similar situations involving a thing as something else ("scientist as citizen"). My impression is that people who use qua as a fancy form of as but reserve it for reflexive a = a situations are, knowingly or not, echoing the famous "being qua being" wording from the old translations of Aristotle. In my experience, people rarely use qua as a freestanding preposition when they aren't under the spell of a philosophical investigation. A: Qua (not to be confused with the ablative feminine form of qui) is a Latin adverb meaning "where; by which route". Read it as "as" when you read it. Use it in scholarly or legal writing to refer to a specific role or conceptual category for an entity that could have more than one role/conceptual category. E.g., All that is necessary is, that the arbiter, in the free exercise of his discretion, shall have applied his own mind, qua arbiter, to the sources of information before him... Here "qua arbiter" modifies "his own mind" to give it the added layer of meaning "his own mind (being used for official legal reasoning, not for forming private opinions)". | Mid | [
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K. C. Manavedan Raja His Highness Kizhakke Covilakam Manavedan Raja alias Cheriyanujan Raja (1855–1937) was an Indian aristocrat and administrator. He was the titular Zamorin of Calicut from 1932 to 1937. Manavedan Raja was born in the Kottakkal branch of the Zamorin Royal family of Calicut in 1855. He graduated from the University of Madras and entered the provincial civil service, the first from the family. Appointed to the civil service on June 4, 1880, he rose to become Assistant Collector in 1882 and Sub-Collector by 1895. He also served as a District Collector and later a judge. In 1932, he succeeded to become the Zamorin of Calicut. As Zamorin As the titular Zamorin, Manavedan Raja proved himself to be an able administrator and visionary. It was during his tenure, in 1934, that the famous Guruvayur Satyagraha happened. People, under the leadership of Gandhian K Kelappan, campaigned for the opening of Guruvayur Temple to all castes. Mahatma Gandhi himself came to Kerala in support of the movement, and met with the Zamorin Manavedan Raja, who was the chief administrator of Guruvayoor temple. Though the talks were not published, it is highly speculated that the Zamorin told Gandhi that he cannot take decisions which might cause great social unrest. Subsequently, Gandhi advised Kelappan to call off the Satyagraha. Manavedan Raja started a Raja's High School in Kottakkal, for educating the children of Kovilakam. He also significantly improved and expanded Zamorins College at Calicut (now Zamorins Guruvayurappan College). Raja's children were well educated. His elder son became a District Collector. His fourth son, M. K. Vellodi joined Indian Civil Service and later became the first Chief Minister of Hyderabad State. Vellodi was the first High Commissioner of India to UK. He later rose to the position of Cabinet Secretary. References Category:1855 births Category:1937 deaths | High | [
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The man who is the most unpredictable American president of all time lives in what is, if you stop to think about it, a remarkably predictable world. Each of his seemingly strange and unexpected acts, tweets, bizarreread more They say the last sip of a drink is mostly backwash. The last understanding of a war should be that every speck of it is backwash in the sense used by Ellen N. La Motte in her 1916 book The Backwash of War. La Motte was a U.S. nurse who worked at a French hospital in Belgium not far from a semi-permanent front line at which men slaughtered each other for no discernable purpose for months on end, and the mangled bodies from one side, plus the occasional civilian, were brought into theread more Recently, at a rally in Wisconsin, President Trump implicitly attacked the late Senator John McCain over Obamacare: “We should’ve had health care, but one man decided to vote against it.” He was referring to the Republican Senate’s 2017 attempt at a “skinny repeal” of the Affordableread more Two months ago, I heard a story. You heard it too, if you went anywhere near a television or a newspaper in the United States. The government of Venezuela needed to be overthrown because it wouldn’t allow in humanitarian aid. The story was false, of course. The United States had imposed brutal sanctions on Venezuela for years, resulting in 40,000 deaths (with more being added every day) and sought toread more Ethics classes in U.S. philosophy departments are pathologically obsessed with imaginary scenarios, often involving trollies, that purport to demonstrate some people’s greater acceptance of causing death or suffering if they don’t have to physically, directly, immediately cause it. Some people would supposedly pull a switch so that a trolley killed one person rather than staying on another track and killing five people, but wouldn’t push one person onto a track to save five people. Mike Gravel is a former U.S. Senator who opposed the war on Vietnam and entered the Penatgon Papers into the Congressional Record. He has been an activist and advocate for democracy and peace for decades. He is a current candidate for U.S. President in the Democratic Party primaries. See mikegravel.org Joshua Douglas’ new book, Vote for Us: How to Take Back Our Elections and Change the Future of Voting, does not explain when it was that we had our elections or what we can vote for other than “us,” but it does provide a great survey of election reform efforts, who’s working on them, and what’s working, with a list of organizations at the back that you can engage with. While voter ID laws have spread, the racist stripping of names from polls goes unmentioned, threats and intimidationread more | Mid | [
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Q: Cyclic units in $Z_p$ towers Let $\mathbb{Q}_n$ denote the $n$-th layer of the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension over the rationals, i.e. the unique real subfield of the cyclotomic field $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{p^{n+1}})$ of degree $p^n$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ for odd primes $p$. We know that the cyclotomic units $C_{p^n}$ of $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{p^n})$ are of finite index in the full unit group $E_{p^n}$. We know (from Theorem 8.2 and exercise 8.5 Washington's book on Cyclotomic Fields) that the index $[E_{p^n}: C_{p^n}]= [E_{p^n}^+ : C_{p^n}^+]= h_{p^n}^+$. Here, we use the standard notation $h_{p^n}^+$ for the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{p^n})^+$, the totally real subfield of $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{p^n})$. If we use the notation, $C_n= C_{p^n}\cap \mathbb{Q}_n$ and $E_n= E_{p^n}\cap \mathbb{Q}_n$. What is the index $[E_n: C_n]$? A: I eventually found that what I was looking for is the main theorem in a paper by Sinnott from 1980. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01389158.pdf | High | [
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Logical Consequence and First-Order Soundness and Completeness: A Bottom Up Approach More by Eli Dresner Abstract What is the philosophical significance of the soundness and completeness theorems for first-order logic? In the first section of this paper I raise this question, which is closely tied to current debate over the nature of logical consequence. Following many contemporary authors' dissatisfaction with the view that these theorems ground deductive validity in model-theoretic validity, I turn to measurement theory as a source for an alternative view. For this purpose I present in the second section several of the key ideas of measurement theory, and in the third and central section of the paper I use these ideas in an account of the relation between model theory, formal deduction, and our logical intuitions. | High | [
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The Hungarian FA (MLSZ) will appeal FIFA's decision to ban fans from attending the country's World Cup qualifying game against Romania in March "because of a racist incident last year," according to Marton Dunai of REUTERS. The punishment followed anti-Semitic chanting by fans in an August friendly against Israel, for which the Hungarian FA expressed regret, but it was "unhappy with the ruling" to play the 2014 World Cup Group D qualifier behind closed doors. In a statement the MLSZ said, "That the Hungarian national team must serve its punishment at a vital game in the most prestigious international tournament for an incident at a friendly game seems overly harsh and unfair even before receiving the precise reasoning." The MLSZ added that it wrote a letter after the August friendly to the Israeli ambassador in Hungary and the Israeli FA and FIFA to apologize, in which it "condemned the actions of a minority of fans at the game" (REUTERS, 1/9). | Mid | [
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Q: Kony - Build.xml for generating .apk file I am using Kony Visualizer Starter, as I have to integrate the process with Jenkins, and execute automation test cases on the build, I have to generate a .apk file. When I execute ant -file build.xml command. I encounter following error. java.lang.RuntimeException: Application "com.pat.tool.keditor.konyapplication" could not be found in the registry. The applications available are: org.eclipse.ant.core.antRunner, org.eclipse.ant.ui.antRunner, org.eclipse.datatools.connectivity.console.profile.StorageFileEditor, org.eclipse.e4.ui.workbench.swt.E4Application, org.eclipse.e4.ui.workbench.swt.GenTopic, org.eclipse.emf.codegen.CodeGen, org.eclipse.emf.codegen.JMerger, org.eclipse.emf.codegen.ecore.Generator, org.eclipse.emf.importer.ecore.Ecore2GenModel, org.eclipse.emf.importer.java.Java2GenModel, org.eclipse.emf.importer.rose.Rose2GenModel, org.eclipse.equinox.app.error, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.director, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.garbagecollector.application, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.publisher.InstallPublisher, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.publisher.EclipseGenerator, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.publisher.ProductPublisher, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.publisher.FeaturesAndBundlesPublisher, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.reconciler.application, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.repository.repo2runnable, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.repository.metadataverifier, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.artifact.repository.mirrorApplication, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.metadata.repository.mirrorApplication, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.touchpoint.natives.nativePackageExtractor, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.updatesite.UpdateSitePublisher, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.publisher.UpdateSitePublisher, org.eclipse.equinox.p2.publisher.CategoryPublisher, org.eclipse.help.base.infocenterApplication, org.eclipse.help.base.helpApplication, org.eclipse.help.base.indexTool, org.eclipse.jdt.apt.core.aptBuild, org.eclipse.jdt.core.JavaCodeFormatter, org.eclipse.jdt.core.JavaIndexer, org.eclipse.oomph.setup.core.SetupArchiver, org.eclipse.pde.build.Build, org.eclipse.pde.junit.runtime.uitestapplication, org.eclipse.pde.junit.runtime.legacytestapplication, org.eclipse.pde.junit.runtime.coretestapplication, org.eclipse.pde.junit.runtime.coretestapplicationnonmain, org.eclipse.pde.junit.runtime.nonuithreadtestapplication, org.eclipse.ui.ide.workbench, org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.core.JavaCodeFormatter, org.eclipse.wst.server.preview.preview. at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppContainer.startDefaultApp(EclipseAppContainer.java:252) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.MainApplicationLauncher.run(MainApplicationLauncher.java:33) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:137) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:107) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:400) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:255) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:659) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:595) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1501) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1474) at org.eclipse.core.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:37) Please note that I have created Headless-Global.properties file, because it was not generated by Kony Visualizer Starter. Following are the properties set on the Headless-Global.properties file #This file need to be copied in workspace location #Note: Please escape '\' with '\\' in file paths (Ex: C:\\workspace\\project) #Envirnoment details workspace.location= #Full Path to a jar file whose name starts with 'org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_' in eclipse plugins folder #Example: D:\\eclipse\\plugins\\org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.1.0.v20100507.jar eclipse.equinox.path=C:\\Users\\SO-LPT-011\\eclipse\\jee-2018-12\\eclipse\\plugins\\org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.5.200.v20180922-1751.jar #preference details imagemagic.home= android.home= run.luaapichecker=false playbook.home= qt.home= palm.home= bb10.ndk.home= bb10.signing.keys.home = bb10.emulator.ip= bb10.emulator.password= bb10.vmware.home= Can I install "com.pat.tool.keditor.konyapplication" plugin? A: You cannot generate an installable binary -i.e. Android .apk nor iOS .ipa- using Visualizer Starter. Visualizer Starter is meant as a prototyping tool only, used for quick ideation and for UX designers. In order to build a .apk file you'll need to install Visualizer Enterprise. All downloads are available from the Kony release site here. You'll have to register for a Kony developer account in order to download, but this is free of charge. Once you have installed Visualizer Enterprise, you'll be able to build the .apk from the Visualizer UI or from the command line. | Low | [
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Peri-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak during single-stage bone-anchored hearing aid implantation: case report. A bone-anchored hearing aid uses the principle of bone conduction and osseointegration to transfer sound vibrations to a functioning inner ear. It consists of a permanent titanium implant, and removable abutment and sound processor. Informed consent requires discussion of the procedural benefits, alternatives and complications. The risks of bone-anchored hearing aid surgery include infection, soft tissue hypertrophy, skin graft or flap failure, osseointegration failure, and the need for further surgery. A case of cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient undergoing bone-anchored hearing aid surgery is reported and discussed. Bone-anchored hearing aid surgery poses a risk of breaching the inner table of the temporal bone and dura, resulting in a cerebrospinal fluid leak; the risk of meningitis is rare but serious. The surgeon should discuss the possibility of cerebrospinal fluid leak when consenting patients. Pre-operative computerised tomography scanning should be considered in certain individuals to aid implant placement. | Mid | [
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Effects of short term experimental diabetes on brain serotonin metabolism. Serotonin metabolism was studied in several brain regions of control and Streptozotocin-treated male Wistar rats. After induction of diabetes, the animals were killed at 24 hours. Concentrations of brain tryptophan show a generalized increase in all brain regions, being only significant in medulla-pons. Serotonin levels do not change, while 5-HIAA concentrations, as well as the ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT, show significant increases in medulla-pons and mid-brain. | High | [
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Sponsored Links Bitclub Chooses Bitcoin Unlimited Over Segwit Support Over the course of the past few weeks, there has been an increase in support towards the BU client from miners. On March 17 the mining pool Antpool had pointed 75 percent of its hashrate towards BU and by the end of the evening close to 90 percent was signaling BU support. Now the mining pool Bitclub is changing the game by mining a BU block when the organization previously mined using the Core client. The Bitclub Network’s pool currently holds 2.9 percent of the Bitcoin network’s global hashrate. This hashrate plus the added signal from Antpool will likely push the total BU support upwards. Currently, explicit mining pool support by proposal according to Coin Dance data shows BU is currently at 37 percent. The Reason Behind the Switch Our sources have been in contact with the Bitclub Network operators, and they informed us of why they decided to switch proposal support. Bitclub says they have had significant issues with unconfirmed transactions. The Bitclub network has a lot of transactions going to and from its membership base, and new members began to have problems getting transactions confirmed. Two leading members of Bitclub spoke with our sources and explained their frustrations with the current network congestion. The slow network has been a significant inconvenience for Bitclub, and they told to our sources they are making the switch from Core to BU to help with the goal of upgrading the Bitcoin protocol to facilitate more transactions. Moreover, the leaders explained how they have been watching Ethereum trade volumes rising, and they are very concerned about bitcoin going down because of the state of the network. When It Comes to Scaling Wheels Are in Motion There seems to be a lot of bitcoin proponents concerned with the current state of protocol development with its rising fees and congestion issues taking place more frequently. Bitcoin businesses like Bitpay and Coinbase are changing their business models because network fees are too high for the companies to cover. Since the issues have become topics bitcoiners can’t avoid any more, node operators, and miners are taking action. Bitclub and Antpool’s latest support show these two pools have moved past conversations and have decided to use their hashrate as a voice of reason. What do you think about Bitclub mining their first Bitcoin Unlimited block? Let us know in the comments below. Images courtesy of Shutterstock, and Bitclub Network. Still have questions about Bitcoin? We have a detailed FAQ section with dozens of general questions and even a free Bitcoin guides page for detailed explanations of several important topics. | Mid | [
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Powdersmoke Range Powdersmoke Range is a 1935 black-and-white Western film directed by Wallace Fox starring Harry Carey, Hoot Gibson, Guinn Williams and Bob Steele. It is based on the 1934 novel of the same name by William Colt MacDonald with characters who would later appear in Republic's The Three Mesquiteers film series. Cast Harry Carey ... Tucson Smith Hoot Gibson ... Stony Brooke Bob Steele ... Jeff Ferguson aka Guadalupe Kid Tom Tyler ... Sundown Saunders Guinn "Big Boy" Williams ... Lullaby Joslin Boots Mallory ... Carolyn Sibley Ray Mayer ... Chan Bell Sam Hardy ... Big Steve Ogden Adrian Morris ... Deputy Brose Glascow Buzz Barton ... Buck Hal Taliaferro ... Aloysius 'Bud' Taggart (as Wally Wales) Art Mix ... Rube Phelps Jay Wilsey ... Tex Malcolm (as Buffalo Bill Jr.) Buddy Roosevelt ... Henchman Barnett See also Harry Carey filmography Hoot Gibson filmography Bob Steele filmography References External links Category:1935 films Category:American films Category:1930s Western (genre) films Category:American Western (genre) films Category:American black-and-white films Category:RKO Pictures films Category:Films based on American novels Category:Films based on Western (genre) novels Category:Films produced by Cliff Reid Category:Films directed by Wallace Fox | Mid | [
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Compression molding and injection molding are common techniques for molding solid fiber reinforced plastic products. Such products typically have 5 to 50 percent by weight fibrous material, with the remainder being a plastic resin material, and these products usually have a density greater than about 5 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). Compression molding is also used to form molded fibrous insulation products, which typically have a density less than about 5 pcf. Such molded fibrous insulation products include thermal insulation for mechanical applications, such as pipe insulation and duct insulation, as well as acoustical and thermal insulation products for such applications as appliances and automobiles. The fibers for these fibrous insulation products include mineral fibers, such as glass fibers, as well as polymer fibers, such as polyethylene terephthalate (pet) or polypropylene (pp) fibers. The fibrous insulation products made with mineral fibers typically include a heat settable binder material in an amount within the range of from about 5 percent to about 20 percent by weight. The fibrous insulation products made with polymer fibers often do not include binder material, relying on fiber-to-fiber bonding for the structural integrity of the product. The molded fibrous insulation products are formed by placing a fibrous molding media into a mold having heated upper and lower mold bodies, and closing the mold. The heat from the mold bodies sets or cures the binder, where a binder is present, thereby forming the fibrous insulation product with the desired shape, density and stiffness for the intended product application. Where a binder is not present, as with a polymer fiber insulation product, the heat from the mold bodies bonds the polymer fibers together where they intersect with each other, thereby forming the fibrous insulation product with the desired shape, density and stiffness for the intended product application. The heat transfer process from the mold body surface to the fibrous molding media is primarily by conduction and radiation. This heat transfer into and through the fibrous molding media during the molding process cannot be controlled easily. During the molding of the fibrous insulation product the surface of the fibrous molding media assumes the shape of the surface of the upper and lower mold bodies. It can be appreciated that the surface or contour of the upper and lower mold bodies must be changed when it is desired to mold a fibrous insulation product of different shapes. This requires changing the mold bodies for each different desired insulation product. Typically it takes a considerable amount of time and money to make new molds with the desired contours. The changing of mold surfaces can be simplified by using changeable or replaceable mold inserts within the upper and lower mold bodies. However, it would be advantageous if the process and apparatus for molding fibrous insulation products could be further improved. | Mid | [
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Taylor Wimpey maintains momentum 17 April 2014, 12:26 A strong first quarter set against a still improving backdrop sees housebuilder Taylor Wimpey (TW.) shares edging a tough more than 2% higher to 109.4p after an upbeat trading update reassured investors. The thrust of the announcement is that confidence remains high on plans to supply accessible and affordable homes for the legions of the UK's home-owning hopefuls, while also driving operating margins 200 to 300 basis points higher this year. Taylor Wimpey, like many British housebuilders, remains in something of a sweet spot with average house prices rising steadily in some parts of the country, rampantly in others, aided to a degree by the government's Help to Buy scheme. Land prices are still rising at a rate benign enough for the High Wycombe-head-quartered constructor to remain a net buyer. A long-term beneficiary of the UK housing market's positive momentum, investors will be happy to read that positive trends continue beyond 2013 results unveiled in February, right across the group's operating landscape. In keeping with traditional seasonal patterns, Taylor told investors that a strong spring selling season saw an average private net reservation rate of 0.75 sales per outlet per week for the year to date compared to the 0.66 achieved in the same period last year and the company anticipates average sales rates for the year as a whole to be slightly ahead of 2013. The robust nature of both the housing market and a signifier of improving credit conditions, the group reported that cancellation rates are historically low at 10% compared to 13.7% at the same stage in 2013 and during the period, the builder worked with over 1,600 customers to secure a home using Help to Buy. Total order book volume rose by 13% to 8,139 homes in the first quarter, year-on-year while quarter-on-quarter Taylor is showing a 23% increase. Average selling prices in the quarter rose 22% on the same period a year earlier and while margin improvement wasn't set out in the statement, the group was able to confirm that gains had been made since the end of 2013. The landbank remains well-stocked and, at the end of March, the short term landbank stood at around 73,000 plots, following the conversion of approximately 4,800 from its strategic pipeline, which now stands at 110,000 potential plots. Looking under the hood, the groups balance sheet remains robust and net debt at the end of the first quarter remained low at £130 million. The group also reiterated its commitment to paying a special cash dividend on 3 July 2014 of 1.54p per share. Liberum's Sebastian Jory remains a fan, noting the special dividend in particular. Market Overview FTSE 350 Risers and Fallers We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies from this website. If you would like to change your preferences you may do so by following the instructions here. | Mid | [
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# FAQ **Do all classifiers support multi-class classification?** No, they don't. Although binary classification can be seen as a special case of multi-class classification, there are many optimizations that can be performed if we know that there are only two classes. It would be annoying to have to check whether this is the case in an online setting. All in all we find that separating both cases leads to much cleaner code. Note that the `multiclass` module contains wrapper models that enable you to perform multi-class classification with binary classifiers. **How do I know if a classifier supports multi-class classification?** Each classifier that is part of `creme` is either a `base.BinaryClassifier` or a `base.MultiClassifier`. You can use Python's `isinstance` function to check for a particular classifier, as so: ```python >>> from creme import base >>> from creme import linear_model >>> classifier = linear_model.LogisticRegression() >>> isinstance(classifier, base.BinaryClassifier) True >>> isinstance(classifier, base.MultiClassifier) False ``` **Why doesn't creme do any input validation?** Python encourages a coding style called [EAFP](https://docs.python.org/2/glossary.html?highlight=EAFP#term-eafp), which stands for "Easier to Ask for Forgiveness than Permission". The idea is to assume that runtime errors don't occur, and instead use try/expects to catch errors. The great benefit is that we don't have to drown our code with `if` statements, which is symptomatic of the [LBYL style](https://docs.python.org/2/glossary.html?highlight=EAFP#term-lbyl), which stands for "look before you leap". This makes our implementations much more readable than, say, scikit-learn, which does a lot of input validation. The catch is that users have to be careful to use sane inputs. As always, [there is no free lunch](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/No_free_lunch_theorem)! **What about reinforcement learning?** Reinforcement learning works in an online manner because of the nature of the task. Reinforcement learning can be therefore be seen as a subcase of online machine learning. However, we prefer not to support it because there are already many existing opensource libraries dedicated to it. **What are the differences between scikit-learn's online learning algorithm which have a partial_fit method and their equivalents in creme?** The algorithms from `sklearn` that support incremental learning are mostly meant for mini-batch learning. In a pure streaming context where the observations arrive one by one, then `creme` is much faster than `sklearn`. This is mostly because `sklearn` incurs a lot of overhead by performing data checks. Also, sklearn assumes that you're always using the same number of features. This is not the case with `creme` because it use dictionaries which allows you to drop and add features as you wish. **How do I save and load models?** ```python >>> from creme import tree >>> import pickle >>> model = tree.RandomForestClassifier() # save >>> with open('model.pkl', 'wb') as f: ... pickle.dump(model, f) # load >>> with open('model.pkl', 'rb') as f: ... model = pickle.load(f) ``` We also encourage you to try out [dill](https://dill.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dill.html) and [cloudpickle](https://github.com/cloudpipe/cloudpickle). **What about neural networks?** There are many great open-source libraries for building neural network models. We don't feel that we can bring anything of value to the existing Python ecosystem. However, we are open to implementing compatibility wrappers for popular libraries such as PyTorch and Keras. **Who are the authors of this library?** Most of the development is coming from a group of friends from the city of Toulouse, in France. Some of us are doing a PhD, while the rest are research engineers. | Mid | [
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Billy Arjan Singh Kunwar "Billy" Arjan Singh (15 August 1917 – 1 January 2010) was an Indian hunter turned conservationist and author. He was the first who tried to reintroduce tigers and leopards from captivity into the wild. Billy Arjan Singh died at his original farmhouse Jasbir Nagar on 1 January 2010. Early life Kunwar "Billy" Arjan Singh was born in Gorakhpur on 15 August 1917 as the second son of Kunwar Jasbir Singh, CIE (1887–1942), a member of the royal Ahluwalia dynasty of Kapurthala. His grandfather was Raja Harnam Singh and his uncle was Raja Maharaj Singh. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was his aunt and his elder brother was Air Vice-Marshal Kunwar Jaswant Singh, PVSM (1915–1963). In 1940, Singh was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the British Indian Army and was posted to the south of Iraq. Upon his return to India he purchased a farm in the remote district of Lakhimpur Kheri and built himself a home – named in honour of his father – Jasbir Nagar. He settled down to a life of farming and hunting. Nearly ten years later, he also acquired an estate on the borders of the forestry reserve at Dudhwa. This came to be known as Tiger Haven and it is there that he lived for most of the rest of his life. Hunter turned conservationist Singh described how in his youth he had been an insatiable hunter. However, one day having shot a young leopard in the lights of his vehicle, he dramatically changed his view of hunting, feeling nothing but revulsion for killing and vowing that from then on he would pursue the cause of conservation. His first major project was to save a herd of barasingha in the neighbouring Sathiana range of the forestry reserve at Dudhwa. In 1976, he was awarded the World Wildlife Fund's Gold Medal, the WWF's premier award, for his conservation work. He was also largely responsible for persuading the then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, to transform Dudhwa into a national park. Re-introduction of big cats Singh's conservation efforts for wildlife are best known for his reintroduction of leopards and a tiger into the wild of Dudhwa National Park. He started by bringing up an orphaned male leopard cub named Prince, which he successfully reintroduced to the wild in 1973. To provide Prince with a mate he subsequently raised two orphaned female leopards cubs, Harriet and Juliette. In July 1976, he acquired a hand-reared female tiger cub named Tara from Twycross Zoo in the United Kingdom, and reintroduced her to the wild in the Dudhwa National Park with the permission of India's then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In the 1990s, some tigers were observed in the protected area, which had a Siberian tiger phenotype of a large head, pale pelage, white complexion, and wide stripes, and were therefore suspected to be Bengal-Siberian tiger hybrids. Billy Arjan Singh sent hair samples of tigers from the area to the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad where the samples were analysed using mitochondrial sequence analysis. Results revealed that the tigers in question had a Bengal tiger mitochondrial haplotype indicating that their mother was a Bengal tiger. Skin, hair and blood samples from 71 tigers collected in various Indian zoos, in the National Museum in Kolkata and including the two hair samples from Dudhwa National Park were prepared for microsatellite analysis that revealed that two tigers had alleles in two loci that were contributed by Bengal and Siberian tiger subspecies. However, samples of two hybrid specimens constituted a too small base to conclusively presume that Tara was the source of the Siberian tiger genes. Awards For his contributions to conservation, Arjan Singh was widely honoured. In 1996, he was awarded the World Wildlife Gold Medal, and obtained the Order of the Golden Ark in 1997. In 2004, Arjan Singh received the Getty Award, administered by the World Wildlife Fund, for his innovative contribution to conservation and for creating public awareness. In 2006, he received the Yash Bharati award and the Padma Bhushan two months later. He also received the Lifetime Award for Tiger Conservation. Legacy To ensure that his work in conservation continued, Singh established the Tiger Haven Society in 1992. The Society's aims include preserving Tiger Haven and sponsoring research into wildlife. Publications Tiger Haven. Macmillan, London 1973; Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999 Tara, a tigress. Quartet Books, London and New York 1981 Prince of cats. Jonathan Cape, London 1982; Oxford University Press, New Delhi 2000 Tiger! Tiger!. Jonathan Cape, London 1984 and 1986 The legend of the maneater. Orient Longman, New Delhi 1993 Arjan Singh's tiger book. (co-author) Lotus Collection, Roli Books, New Delhi 1998 A tiger's story. HarperCollins Publishers India, New Delhi 1999; Tara-India Research Press, New Delhi 2005 Eelie and the big cats. Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York 2001 Watching India's wildlife : the anthology of a lifetime. Oxford University Press, New Delhi 2003 and 2004 Biographies Hart-Davies, D. 2005. Honorary tiger : the life of Billy Arjan Singh. Lotus Collection, Roli Books, New Delhi Shaminder Boparai, and A. Mookerjee (ed.) 2011. Billy Arjan Singh – Tiger of Dudhwa with support from WWF, Tiger Haven Society. HarperCollins, New Delhi References External links Tiger Haven Society Cry Havoc (1980) Billy Arjan Singh's website. Billy Arjan Singh awarded Padma Bhushan, WWF-India (Worldwide Fund for Nature – India), 30 Mar 2006 Films and books by and about Billy Arjan Singh Category:Indian conservationists Category:People from Gorakhpur Category:People from Lakhimpur Kheri Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in other fields Category:Punjabi people Category:British Indian Army officers Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II Category:Indian royalty Category:1917 births Category:2010 deaths | High | [
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Q: Soft keyboard shows a "Go" button instead of a "Search" button when entering some text in a SearchView widget I have followed this tutorial to configure a searchview widget in the action bar. Almost everything works fine, except for the fact that the soft keyboard doesn't show the right button. Instead of showing a "Search" button the keyboard shows a "Go" button and it also takes me to another activity, which I'm sure it can't be right. Do you have any idea how to make the keyboard show a "search" button? also why do we have to put this code in the searchable activities: <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" /> Thanks in advance. A: That's pretty easy. However, I'm not really sure why it doesn't show the right button by default: Anyway, here's what you need to do: In your searchable configuration add this line : android:imeOptions="actionSearch" So that you have something similar to this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:label="@string/search_label" android:hint="@string/search_hint" android:imeOptions="actionSearch"/> I'm sure that should fix your problem, but as I mentioned I'm not sure why the "search" button isn't shown right from the start. A: Use this one searchview.setImeOptions(EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_SEARCH); Look at this Tutorial it will solve your second problem of the intent filter understanding Intent Filters Hope it helps you. | High | [
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GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT {#h0.0} =================== *Spizellomyces punctatus* is the type species of the fungal genus *Spizellomyces*, which is in the phylum *Chytridiomycota* ([@B1]). Like all chytrids, *Spizellomyces* produces uniflagellated zoospores during its reproductive cycle, but in contrast to other zoosporic fungi (e.g., *Allomyces*), spizellomycetalean zoospores can be ameboid while actively swimming, and the flagellar insertion site may move to a lateral position ([@B2]). *Spizellomyces* species are exclusively terrestrial ([@B3]). They are common in soil and of importance in terrestrial ecosystems---with both beneficial and detrimental impacts---found in association with a range of mycorrhizal fungi, mildews, plants, and soil nematodes ([@B4], [@B5]). In biochemical research, *S. punctatus* has gained attention because of the presence of mitochondrial 5′ tRNA editing ([@B6]), a form of post-transcriptional RNA processing previously only known from the unrelated ameboid protist *Acanthamoeba castellanii*. The *S. punctatus* genome was sequenced as part of the Origins of Multicellularity project; in addition to *S. punctatus*, this project sequenced genomes of several primitive eukaryotes to investigate commonalities and differences underlying multicellularity in animals and fungi ([@B7]). To sequence the genome of *S. puncatus*, genomic DNA was extracted from strain DAOM BR117. For genome sequencing, we constructed three libraries, 4 and 10 kb plasmids and 40 kb Fosmids, and generated paired-end reads using Sanger chemistry. The reads were assembled using Arachne ([@B8]) Assemblez-Build 20090202 from roughly 11.7-fold sequence coverage; during manual review, gaps were newly introduced to address misassemblies or were closed based on read support. Based on the assembly, the genome size was estimated to be 24.13 Mb with a G+C content of 47.6%. The assembly was organized in 329 contigs, which are linked by paired end reads into 38 scaffolds. The average base is found in a scaffold of *N*~50~ size 1.45 Mb and a contig of *N*~50~ size 155.89 kb. A total of 8,952 protein coding genes and 9,424 transcripts were predicted by combining the output from different annotation methods and RNA-Seq as previously described ([@B9]). *S. punctatus* is the first member of the order *Spizellomycetales* to be sequenced and an important representative of *Chytridiomycota*, as one of only three species to have annotated genomes released in NCBI. This report is a major step in genomic studies of this basal group of fungi. Accession number(s). {#s1} -------------------- The whole-genome sequence and annotation of *S. punctatus* isolate DAOM BR117 have been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number [ACOE00000000](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ACOE00000000). The version described in this paper is version ACOE01000000. **Citation** Russ C, Lang BF, Chen Z, Gujja S, Shea T, Zeng Q, Young S, Cuomo CA, Nusbaum C. 2016. Genome sequence of *Spizellomyces punctatus.* Genome Announc 4(4):e00849-16. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00849-16. We thank the Broad Institute Genomics Platform for generating all DNA sequence data described here. | High | [
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Featured Article Why Small Cells Will Be Key to Powering 5G The fight to implement 5G is on, with countries like the United States, China and South Korea leading 5G trials and viable launch plans. In the U.S. alone, Accenture predicts these next generation networks could ultimately add $500 billion to the economy. The 5G networks will be driven by small cells – compact base stations that are installed every few hundred feet. A region covered with these antenna units will provide mobile 5G customers with reliable data services and seamless data handoff. Small cells are critical for 5G deployment due to the fact that they utilize millimeter-wave spectrum, which lacks the signal range of the minor frequencies used by LTE services. Therefore, to achieve the needs of next-gen services like smart cities, remote medicine and the Internet of Things (IoT), it is important to ensure that they are installed in sufficient density. Their petite size makes the cells simple to install on surfaces such as light poles, kiosks, billboards, and on the sides of buildings in an unassuming way. In certain regions, getting the necessary zoning approval for their placement has been difficult, but progress is being made. For example, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recently permitted an order to streamline 5G infrastructure rollout. Benefits of Small Cells A profoundly different type of wireless network is perceived to play a critical role in offloading circulation from existing network towers. It will also allow Communication Service Providers (CSPs) to achieve more targeted and effective use of spectrum. For example, the small broadcast area of 5G means that the same frequencies used by one small cell to connect with customer devices could be recycled in a different space to serve other customers. Small cells can also take as few as 30 minutes to install, making it effortless for CSPs to meet growing data traffic demand with more speed and cost-effectiveness. The high concentration of a small cell network also allows network organizers to more intelligently target usage hotspots based on a variety of factors, such as capacity and coverage requirements, high-value users, and customer churn propensity. SD-WAN Reflections Combined with artificial intelligence and real-time analytics, SD-WAN will be integral in developing the most value from small cell-powered 5G networks. An SDN/NFV-based control plane allows for the flexible and proficient distribution of network services to satisfy users’ different quality-of-service (QoS) demands. Also known as network slicing, small cells will be vital in making this scenario possible. The high volume of small cell networks – which can require 5- 20 times more cells than LTE – will also raise challenges in terms of how they can be repeatedly optimized to deliver the best possible network performance. It means that automation, using technologies like SON (self-optimizing networks), will be imperative – and even more so when mass-scale adoption of IoT hugely escalates the quantity and variety of network elements. Virtualization of small cell networks will allow network operatives to provide and control hefty numbers of access points more efficiently. In this situation, condensed bunches of cells in a high-traffic area could share a centralized controller that allows network resources to be allocated flexibly in harmony with traffic patterns. As 5G continues to progress, the ability to remotely upgrade whole clusters of small cells will also be valuable. SD-WAN solutions also make remote branch offices easier to maintain. When combined with 5G, end users will experience significantly enhanced performance in applications such as video-conferencing, cloud computing and remote access. Small cells do require significant upfront investment and a sharp learning curve from previous generations of wireless networks. But, they will be a keystone of future 5G deployment, and indispensable for delivering quick, reliable and efficient 5G services. About the Author: Faisal Usmani is Business Development and Strategy Lead, Communications Business Unit, Cyient Europe. He has over 20 years of experience in the telecom industry across both fixed and wireless technologies space. He is the Business Development and Strategy Lead for Cyient Europe responsible for supporting pre-sales, solutions, strategy and innovation for the complete communications services portfolio. In this role, Faisal has been significantly involved in defining and delivering cost effective solutions for both fixed and wireless communications service providers. Prior to joining Cyient, Faisal spent the early part of his career with Ericsson, KPMG Consulting and Atos Origin, where he held positions including Executive Consultant and NGOSS/NGN Solutions Capability Lead. He has worked with a wide range of leading global communications service providers including BT, KPN, Liberty Global and Vodafone. Faisal holds an MSc in Telecommunications from University College London. Web-scale Networking The idea of Web-scale IT is more than just another 'hot' buzzword or problematic disruption. What started with data center operators has become mainstream thinking in large enterprises, and it's now driving changes in service provider operations, as well. Web-scale tools that allow application development to move quickly have also created some challenges for service provider networks. | High | [
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Q: How to deploy WAR of Maven Project to JBoss server 6 or 7 from Eclipse? In the run configurations, when we make the goals like => clean install jboss:hard-deploy , it works with jboss 4 and 5 but not with 6 and 7 !! Do you have any idea A: Have this in your POM file:- <plugin> <groupId>org.jboss.as.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>jboss-as-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>{your jboss version}</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>install</phase> <goals> <goal>deploy</goal> </goals> <configuration> <hostname>localhost</hostname> <username>{your username}</username> <password>{your passwprd}</password> <jbossHome>{jboss home}</jbossHome> <fileName>{path to war}</fileName> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> Create a maven run configuration for your project in eclipse for jboss-as:deploy. Run the configuration. | High | [
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“Like” us on Facebook For your Chance to win a DVD of Disney’s “TREASURE BUDDIES” this week! This week – Hour 1 – There are few things more unsettling than watching your pet have a seizure. The sudden fall to the side and subsequent involuntary muscle contractions along with the jaw muscles relaxing and [...] | Low | [
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Details "Dual Force" is the new generation of break-jump cues at Mezz. The Mezz engineers have achieved a new level of break- and jump ability. The Dual Force Break-Jump cue has the DF-top with sonic ferrule and trance cue tip, a lacquered handle area and the new Mezz D2-jointed system. The Sonic ferrule and trance tip enhance the effect at Break and Jump. The joints are all D2-joint, so you can screw the individual parts for various combinations, depending on the jump shot, you want to make. The D2-jointed is a quick, so you can make your cue quickly and easily for your next shot ready. "Mezz" in Japanese means: something that is loved and appreciated. Mezz Cues has committed itself fully of this importance. Mezz cues are built to the highest standards with some of the finest materials from around the world. During the manufacturing process the quality is constantly checked. No part of the production will be outsourced in order to guarantee the high standards of Mezz. The best materials are finished by hand with both modern and traditional methods of construction cue. From simple to sophisticated designs, the cues Queues of Mezz are unique. Mezz is now considered one of the best brands in the field of standard and custom cues. | Mid | [
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Matrix AI Testnet source code is out now — https://github.com/MatrixAINetwork/MATRIX-TESTNET MatrixAI has finally announced the long-awaited Matrix testnet which is completed after the tired some efforts and countless nights. The Matrix testnet is developed to perform the various tests as a practice of implementing the Matrix AI blockchain. The current testnet is compatible with basic transactions, AI application tests, a handful of DApps, working auto-coding Intelligent Contracts and several other surprises. The testnet is created with the multiple aims of creating AI-backed blockchain ecosystem that solves the most crucial problems which are associated current blockchain that includes common security vulnerabilities, unnecessary programming barriers, a lack of flexibility, wasteful mining and sluggish transaction speed. Some of the other features of Matrix AI testnet are; • high-performance TPS • highly-regulated network hierarchy • support various transaction type: One2Multiple, Offline, Smart contract • AI transactions as well as support for rich texts, images, and videos, AI Features: Formal Verification Natural Language Input • AI server Hooray! MatrixAI Testnet Github Page In order to try the Matrix testnet out, individual can also go through their GitHub repository named go-Matrix which is based on go-Ethereum. You can also check out the various documentation available on their GitHub pages which includes Matrix Web wallets, Matrix block explorer, user guide to deploy the Matrix blockchain, and glossary to know the various terms used throughout the various development stages. Along with Matrix AI testnet, they have also introduced the current updates and demos relating to the MATRIX Secure Virtual Machine, the MATRIX auto-coding Intelligent Contracts, and the MATRIX Digital Assets Safe. An ultimate aim of utilizing the AI and cloud computing along with blockchain technology is that the Matrix AI testnet will allow the development team to analyze the self-optimizing capabilities of the Matrix Network. Matrix is the first blockchain deployed the strong AI which is capable of optimizing and enhancing itself by the human-like ability of self-learning and that’s what makes the Matrix AI testnet way ahead of other platforms. Matrix is also planning to launch several community activities to keep the user interested and active in Matrix testnet project. These activities include bug bounty programs and DApp competition. Along with it, as mentioned above, they will also launch the MATRIX Blockchain Browser and Online Wallet Prototype and you can see the basic documentation on their GitHub page. Matrix has also released the video featuring MATRIX CEO Mr. Owen Tao, MATRIX CTO Dr. Bill Li and MATRIX Chief AI Scientist Dr. Steven Deng, answering some of the most frequently asked questions. You can watch this video for any sort of quarries. Here is the simple guide if you are thinking about getting started with Matrix testnet by yourself. Getting started In order to get started with Matrix testnet, you must meet some basic hardware requirements to ensure your client behaves gracefully throughout the setup process, please check your system meets the following requirements: With any OS, be it Mac or Windows you will need the minimum of 6 Core (Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5670 @2.93GHz) CPU, 8GB of DDR4 RAM and free storage of minimum 500 GB. Build from Source First of all, you need to clone the source code from the MATRIX’s GitHub repository which you can clone or download from here. Git clone https://github.com/MatrixAINetwork/MATRIXAIPOC_GO.git Building gman requires both a Go and a C compiler. You can install them using your favorite package installer. Once the dependencies are installed, run: cd MATRIXAIPOC_GO make gman or, to build the full suite of utilities: make all The full node on the MATRIX test network You certainly don’t want to spend any real bucks until you get the hands over the entire system and plenty of experience. In other words, instead of attaching to the main network, you want to join the test network with your node, which is fully equivalent to the main network, but with play money only. $ gman — testnet — fast — cache=512 console Operating private network Operating your own private network can be the crucial job and requires a lot of configurations and need everything to be set up manually. You can go through the complete source codes and deploy them directly from GitHub. Apart from that you can also execute the smart contract and create member nodes to create a full mining ecosystem. In order to get through the setup guide and codes, you can again completely rely on Matrix’s GitHub repository. Matrix AI test network is really one of its kind and top of the line network allowing its users to realize the power of cloud computing, AI and blockchain together. Moreover, Matrix test network also enables its users to get their hands on the network without speeding anything like you do with most of the existing blockchain network and end up getting nothing. Matrix test net like Ethereum’s, also allows you to deploy smart contract, testing the transaction speed, statistic and search, block information, and account information in case if you are having member nodes. Similarly, you can go to Matrix’s GitHub repository if you are intended to get started with other features like block explorer, web wallet and so on. The matrix testnet will be available for public by the end of this month. If you guys have any problem building the source, please feel free to visit official MatrixAI Telegram Channel — https://t.me/matrixainetwork | High | [
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This morning, a bipartisan group of Representatives, led by Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-Calif.), sent a pointed letter to Attorney General Eric Holder and the Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano protesting the recent spat of domain name seizures—executed on dubious copyright grounds—that have been censoring websites with no due process. “Our concern centers on your Department’s methods, and the process given, when seizing the domain names of websites whose actions and content are presumed to be lawful, protected speech,” the letter said, which was also signed by Rep. Jared Polis (D-Colo.) and Rep. Jason Chaffetz (R-Ut.). The Representatives’ letter focused on the case of former hip hop website Dajaz1. Dajaz1’s domain name had been seized for over a year, despite evidence that the website had lawful material, and that “many of the allegedly infringing links to copyrighted songs, and specifically the links that were the basis of the seizure order, were given to the site’s owner by artists and labels themselves” including Kanye West, Diddy, and a vice president of a major record label. Adding to the injustice, the government refused to cooperate with Dajaz1’s attorneys for months, and sought numerous extensions of the seizure authority in secret. When the court records were finally released, it showed that the government was waiting on the RIAA to evaluate a "sampling of allegedly infringing content" and respond to other “outstanding questions.” While the RIAA fiddled, Dajaz1 lost the right to speak and the public lost its right to read what was published there. Finally, after a year, control over dajaz1.com was handed back to the owners with no apology, and no explanation. It is disturbing enough that DHS has been effectively acting as the tax-funded hired gun of the content industry, but, even more horrifying, it censored the wrong targets, for no good reason, for a year. Dajaz1’s case is far from unique, as we found out earlier this week when a similar situation happened to Rojadirecta.com and Rojadirecta.org, the popular sports streaming sites that were seized—again with no due process—back in February 2011. The sites, which have been in the midst of a court fight to return its domains, had been arguing that linking was not infringing, noting that a Spanish court had already found the sites legal. Yet the government still held onto their domain for 18 months. On Wednesday, they again handed back their domains with no explanation. As we explained: Dropping the case was, of course, the right move. The government's copyright arguments were incredibly weak (it’s pretty well-settled that linking is not infringement). Even more troubling, the seizures also captured plenty of legal and protected speech. Indeed, many (including EFF) have been making these arguments for well over a year. The real question is why it took so long. We also demanded the government should explain why it reversed its position, and provide a clear policy rationale so websites around the world could assess their risk for unexplained and unjustified seizures. The Representatives want answers to the same questions. At the end of their letter, they ask seven specific questions about DHS’ policy, their rationale, and what procedures they plan on implementing so websites’ rights aren’t trampled on again. You can read the full letter here. EFF is encouraged that Congress is taking an increased interest in making sure First Amendment protected speech is not censored on the Internet due to draconian copyright policy, and we look forward to the Justice Deparment and Homeland Security’s official response. | High | [
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Q: What is the name of these little plastic things that protect wires from being cut into by the sharp edges of a drilled hole? What is the name of these little plastic things that protect wires from being cut into by the sharp edges of a drilled hole? A: That's a grommet, not to be confused with Gromit. Gromit, of Wallace and Gromit fame. A: Summary: I've been doing a lot of research on this and found several excellent definitions from CableOrganizer that has helped to clarify a lot of the confusion I've been having. I'll lay this out as clearly as I can to cite the differences between grommets and bushings which has made it easier to find the correct part I was looking for. Is it a grommet or a bushing? The terms "grommet" and "bushing" are pretty open in terms of their meaning, and depending on their application, but typically both words refer to a piece of material, usually circular in shape, that provides a buffer between two areas that can serve many different purposes, from insulation to vibration resistance to protection from abrasion and friction.1 A grommet is basically just a rubber bumper that protects cables from the hard edges or sharp corners of whatever surface it may be passing between. What's is the purpose of grommets and bushings? When running your cables through small openings or around sharp curves you will encounter rough metal or wooden edges that may damage or break your cables. These rubber grommets provide an abrasion resistant cushion around these small openings and sharp edges to protect your wiring. A bushing is similar to a grommet and serves the function, to protect a cable from damage, but are notably more complex. These additional features can provide extra protection and functionality beyond a simple rubber pass-though.2 Examples of common bushings PVC Bushings Other bushings are a bit more complex in their design. Rather than a simple rubber circle, many bushings have different features that help give a little extra protection or added functionality. Non-metallic wire bushings, for example, are essentially similar to rubber grommets, though they're made from PVC and feature a threaded pattern that allows them to install into surfaces more securely.1 Snap Bushings Snap bushings are so called because they can snap into the surface and lock into place once installed, thanks to the design of the outer edge that allows portions to expand once placed into the desired hole. Many snap bushings are simple circular pass-throughs, but others feature "wings" or "shutters" which are flaps that help keep cables from being too loose in the pass-through, keeping them centered and also protecting them from too much vibration and shock.1 Snub Bushings Taking it a step further are snub bushings, which have a thick split opening that will close around a cable once it's snapped into place, securing it and ensuring that it doesn't move. While this provides solid insulation and retention, it also means only a single cable can be properly secured in each bushing, rather than a bundle.1 Open Bushings An open bushing is a grommet that is not a closed circle, but rather contains a slit that divides the circle when not installed. This allows it to do a few things closed grommets and bushings can't. Cables can be installed with a side-entry method, instead of a feed-through, for example. Additionally, they can be installed into pre-existing holes, or along pre-existing cable runs.1 Steve also mentioned grommet strips, also sometimes referred to as "edging", and can be found with or without adhesive. What is the identity of the part in the question? The bushing from my original question ended up being a Heyco snap bushing SB 375-4 (part no. 2030) with an inside diameter of 0.27" (6.8mm). A complete catalog is available online and parts can be sourced from Mouser Electronics. Note that an inside diameter of 0.27" is an imperial variation with the next closest metric diameter being 7mm which may have a different outter diameter. A: They are called grommets. You can also get grommet strip. | High | [
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Kwa Mk23 Socom Mod-0 With Ra-Tech Cnc Steel Slide And Barrel So I finally picked up a KWA MK23 and I was sorely disappointed at the cast slide and ridiculous polymer barrel. I remedied these issues by purchasing RA-TECH's CNC Steel slide and barrel set directly from their Taiwan store. Installation took less than 20 mins with the most time consuming part being the removal of the nozzle from the slide. Here it is everything installed with the HKParts.NET's Picatinny Rail Adapter: [Images maybe too large to be framed in, please manually view images if cut off] The slide finish has the look and feel of the earlier models of MK23 and Mark 23s that have the salt water resistant treatments requested by the Navy SEALs. Here are some pictures with the MOD-0 package from Tokyo Marui: HOLSTER: This is a WILCOX replica sold by Redwolf Airsoft. It holds the pistol nicely WITH and WITHOUT the LAM AND the suppressor installed via retention straps and cutt-away opening for suppressor. Comes with rention pouches for two spare magazines as well as the suppressor.http://www.redwolfai...tol_Holster.htm The slide is approximately 360g, which is roughly 2.5x heavier than the stock slide. Cycling rate does that a little bit of a hit but the 150% recoil spring does remedy that a bit and the shooting impulse is very good, would be fantastic if CO2 magazines are released for it the same way the KSC CO2 magazines helped out the Glocks with steel slides. Average velocity wasn't affected too much as the gun clocks in at a steady range of 345-360 FPS using .25 Airsoft Elite BBs with Hopup dialed in at 30% engaged. Overall a very nice bit of a kit to make this a beastly gun. The polymer barrel is absolutely ridiculous. And it is a damn shame NEW productions of the suppressor and prototype LAM were not made to accompany the MK23. I mean, why else would you buy it? It's not the SOCOM unless it's fully loaded. Guess I'll just have to buy the real thing when I move out of state and machine a prototype LAM myself. | Mid | [
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Q: A Simple Chess Minimax I have problem with my own Chess Engine using minimax algorithm to search for chess moves I use a 5 plies depth search and with only material/bonus/mobility evaluation , but it also make dumb moves and sacrifices valuable pieces even when I give to them infinity (which is sure a search problem), I'm not using any types of pruning and gives a 5 depth search result in few seconds. I'm stuck in this problem for a week, I am sure the Problem is with the Backtracking not the Chess Logic (so anyone with no chess background would solve this :)) and I searched a lot this is my first Question in Stack Overflow and I hope you guys won't Disappoint me :) Here is the simple search code int GameControl::Evaluate(ChessBoard _B) { int material=0,bonus=0,mobility=0; for(int i=0;i<8;i++) for(int j=0;j<8;j++) { if(_B.Board[i][j]!=EMPTY) { if(_B.Board[i][j]->pieceColor==WHITE){ material+=-_B.Board[i][j]->Weight; bonus+=-_B.Board[i][j]->bonusPosition[i][j]; mobility+=-_B.Board[i][j]->getPossibleMovesList(i,j,B).size(); } else { material+=_B.Board[i][j]->Weight; bonus+=_B.Board[i][j]->bonusPosition[i][j]; mobility+=_B.Board[i][j]->getPossibleMovesList(i,j,B).size(); } } } return material+bonus/10+mobility/20; } pair<pair<int,int>,pair<int,int>> GameControl::minimax( int depth , ChessBoard _B ) { short int i,j; int bestValue = -INFINITY; pair<pair<int,int>,pair<int,int>> bestMove; vector< pair<int,int> > ::iterator it; vector< pair<int,int> > Z; for( i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) for( j = 0; j < 8; j++ ) { if(_B.Board[i][j]!=EMPTY && _B.Board[i][j]->pieceColor==BLACK ) { Z=_B.Board[i][j]->getPossibleMovesList(i,j,_B); for(it=Z.begin();it!=Z.end();it++) { pair<int,int> temp; temp.first=i,temp.second=j; ChessPieces* DestinationPiece; DestinationPiece=_B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]; //Moving _B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]=_B.Board[i][j]; _B.Board[i][j]=EMPTY; // int value = minSearch( depth-1 , _B ); if( value > bestValue ) { bestValue = value; bestMove.first.first = i; bestMove.first.second = j; bestMove.second.first = (*it).first; bestMove.second.second = (*it).second; } //Undo Move _B.Board[i][j]=_B.Board[((*it).first)][(*it).second]; _B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]=DestinationPiece; } } } return bestMove; } int GameControl::minSearch( int depth , ChessBoard _B ) { short int i; short int j; if(depth==0) return Evaluate(_B); int bestValue = INFINITY; for( i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) for( j = 0; j < 8; j++ ) { vector< pair<int,int> > ::iterator it; vector< pair<int,int> > Z; if(_B.Board[i][j]!=EMPTY && _B.Board[i][j]->pieceColor==WHITE && !_B.Board[i][j]->V.empty()) { Z=_B.Board[i][j]->getPossibleMovesList(i,j,_B); for(it=Z.begin();it!=Z.end();it++) { pair<int,int> temp; temp.first=i; temp.second=j; ChessPieces* DestinationPiece; DestinationPiece=_B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]; // Moving _B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]=_B.Board[i][j]; _B.Board[i][j]=EMPTY; // int value = maxSearch( depth-1 , _B ); if( value < bestValue ) bestValue = value; //Undo Move _B.Board[i][j]=_B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]; _B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]=DestinationPiece; // } } } return bestValue; } int GameControl::maxSearch( int depth , ChessBoard _B ) { short int i; short int j; if(depth==0) return Evaluate(_B); vector< pair<int,int> > ::iterator it; vector< pair<int,int> > Z; int bestValue = -INFINITY; for( i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) for( j = 0; j < 8; j++ ) { if(_B.Board[i][j]!=EMPTY && _B.Board[i][j]->pieceColor==BLACK ) { Z=_B.Board[i][j]->getPossibleMovesList(i,j,_B); for(it=Z.begin();it!=Z.end();it++) { pair<int,int> temp; temp.first=i,temp.second=j; ChessPieces* DestinationPiece; DestinationPiece=_B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]; //Moving _B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]=_B.Board[i][j]; _B.Board[i][j]=EMPTY; // int value = minSearch( depth-1 , _B ); if( value > bestValue ) bestValue = value; //Undo Move _B.Board[i][j]=_B.Board[((*it).first)][(*it).second]; _B.Board[(*it).first][(*it).second]=DestinationPiece; } } } return bestValue; } A: You're not doing quiescence search, so the dumb moves are likely due to the well-known horizon effect that fixed depth minimax searches are susceptible to. At a minimum you should extend search for any forced moves, checks or captures where a piece captures one of equal or greater value. | Low | [
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President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit The payment is part of a lawsuit involving violations of charities law. President Donald Trump has been ordered by a New York State judge to pay $2 million to a group of nonprofit organizations as part of a settlement in a civil lawsuit stemming from persistent violations of state charities laws. The payment is the final resolution to a case brought by the New York attorney general's office after the Trump Foundation held a fundraiser for military veterans during the 2016 campaign. The televised fundraiser took in nearly $3 million in donations that were dispersed on the eve of the Iowa caucuses as directed by then-campaign chief Corey Lewandowski. The two million must be paid by President Trump himself for breaching his fiduciary duty to properly oversee the foundation that bears his name. "I direct Mr. Trump to pay the $2,000,000, which would have gone to the Foundation if it were still in existence, on a pro rata basis to the Approved Recipients," Judge Saliann Scarpulla wrote. The lawsuit filed by the state's attorney general accused President Trump -- along with his children, Donald Jr., Eric and Ivanka -- of conflating charity with politics, repeatedly using charitable donations for personal, political and business gains, including legal settlements, campaign contributions and even to purchase a portrait of Trump to hang at one of his hotels.. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images, FILE Filed in state Supreme Court by the attorney general's Charities Bureau, the suit sought to dissolve the private New York-based foundation and prevent the Trumps from serving as directors of any nonprofits in the future. The foundation has already agreed to cease operations and must pay the two million to a consortium of nonprofit organizations. Attorneys for Trump argued that the money was always used for charitable purposes within the law, such as in 2014 when Trump bid $10,000 of foundation money on a portrait of himself at a charity auction benefiting the Unicorn Foundation. Trump Organization attorney, Alan Futerfas told the court Trump only donated to start the bidding, but when no one else would bid, the Donald J. Trump Foundation was stuck with the painting. When the lawsuit was filed in June 2018, President Trump attacked it and claimed the lawsuit was politically motivated. "The sleazy New York Democrats, and their now disgraced (and run out of town) A.G. Eric Schneiderman, are doing everything they can to sue me on a foundation that took in $18,800,000 and gave out to charity more money than it took in, $19,200,000," the president said in a tweet referencing the former state attorney general. Susan Walsh/AP The judge repeatedly rejected attempts by Trump to have the case dismissed. After reviewing the record, Judge Scarpulla determined that "Mr. Trump breached his fiduciary duty to the Foundation and that waste occurred to the Foundation." "Mr. Trump’s fiduciary duty breaches included allowing his campaign to orchestrate the Fundraiser, allowing his campaign, instead of the Foundation, to direct distribution of the Funds, and using the Fundraiser and distribution of the Funds to further Mr. Trump’s political campaign," Scarpulla wrote. A spokesperson for the Trump Foundation, in a statement, said, "Since its inception in 1987, the Trump Foundation has distributed over $19 million to hundreds of worthwhile charities with little to no expenses. More than $9 million came directly from President Trump." "Following the 2016 presidential election, the Trump Foundation publicly announced its intention to voluntarily dissolve and distribute all of its remaining funds to charity. Unfortunately, that donation was delayed due to the Attorney General’s politically motivated lawsuit," the statement continued. "We are pleased that the Court, in rejecting the Attorney General’s frivolous request for statutory penalties, interest and other damages, recognized that every penny ever raised by the Trump Foundation has gone to help those most in need." ABC News' John Santucci contributed to this report. | Mid | [
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The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood is a 1997 book written by Baltimore Sun reporter David Simon and former Baltimore homicide detective Ed Burns. This book follows the lives of individuals who lived on the corner of Fayette Street and Monroe Street in West Baltimore over one year. It was named Notable Book of the Year by The New York Times. Origins Simon credits his editor John Sterling with the suggestion that he observe a single corner in Baltimore. Simon believes Sterling was expecting a neighborhood story but he knew that "the corner" also had connotations for Baltimore's open-air drug markets. He took a second leave of absence from the Baltimore Sun in 1993 to research the project. The authors eventually spent three years working with the people of the neighborhood. Plot introduction The book covers a year in the life of an inner city drug market at Fayette & Monroe Streets in Baltimore. Simon and Burns spent over a year interviewing and following around the people who lived on the Fayette & Monroe corner. Although written like a novel, the book is nonfiction; it uses the real names of those people and recounts actual events. It revolves mostly around the lives of Gary McCullough, a drug addict, his ex-wife Francine "Fran" Boyd, also an addict, and their older son DeAndre McCullough, a high school student who begins to sell drugs. The book is a look at the effects of drug addiction, the drug trade, and the war on drugs on an urban neighborhood, as well as an examination of the sociological factors which underlie the modern drug trade. Subjects Gary McCullough: a drug addict; DeAndre's father and Fran's ex-husband. He dropped out of college when Fran became pregnant and became addicted to drugs after their marriage ended. Burns and Simon wrote that after he died of an overdose after nearly getting clean, "we didn't write a word for months". Denise Francine "Fran" Boyd: a drug addict; DeAndre and DeRodd's mother. She lives in the "Dew Drop Inn" with her sisters, Bunchie and Sherry, brother Stevie, and his son. DeAndre McCullough: a 15-year-old high school student and some-time drug dealer; Gary McCullough and Francine "Fran" Boyd's son. Thanks in part to Simon's attention, DeAndre went clean for a number of years and even had a minor role in The Corner and The Wire, and briefly worked for Treme in set construction and on the security crew. However, on August 1, 2012, he was found dead at the age of 35, from an apparent drug overdose. Additionally, Alexander and Peters later starred in Simon's television series Treme (April 11, 2010-December 29, 2013), and DeAndre McCullough (who also played a bit role in The Corner, as a policeman who arrested 15-year-old DeAndre) briefly worked on the show's security crew. Rita Hale: "The doctor" at a shooting gallery (a townhouse where people come to get high). She injects patrons "whose veins have retreated to portions of their bodies that can only be reached by a second party", in exchange for drugs. Tyreeka Freamon: DeAndre's on-again/off-again girlfriend. George "Blue" Epps: runs a shooting gallery from his house where people come to shoot drugs. He has been on the corner for a long time and is regarded as the corner's local artist. Ella Thompson: runs the Martin Luther King Jr. Recreation Center for the corner's children, shielding them as best she can from what lies outside the playground's chain-link fence. Bob Brown: a police officer who is feared by residents of the corner due his harsh treatment of drug dealers. Huffman: a police officer who "works by the rules": he doesn't beat up the people he arrests. Veronica "Ronnie" Boice: Gary McCollough's on-again/off-again girlfriend. Rose Davis, aka Miss Rose: works at Francis M. Woods School and is known for letting students back into school after lengthy truancies. Curtis "Fat Curt" Davis, an ailing junkie with a 25-year-old habit, who frequents Blue's shooting gallery and supports his habit as a tout for street dealers. Impact Critical response Richard Price, author of Clockers and later a co-writer of The Wire with the two authors, said that "The Corner is an intimate, intense dispatch from the broken heart of urban America. It is impossible to read these pages and not feel stunned at the high price, in human potential, in thwarted aspirations, that simple survival on the streets of West Baltimore demands of its citizens. An important document, as devastating as it is lucid." The Seattle Times said that in terms of providing the reader access to the secret world of the urban drug trade the book "transcends There Are No Children Here and Clockers." Simon has said that he feels the book perplexed readers in terms of its outspokenness on political issues, and that liberals were outraged by criticism of welfare, and conservatives were appalled at the ennobling of drug dealers and addicts. In the afterword of Homicide, Simon acknowledged that while most of the detectives he accompanied accepted The Corner as legitimate, some saw it as a "betrayal", possibly due to the mention of the extent of police brutality. However, it is noted in The Corner that this form of brutality was far worse than had taken place during Simon's tenure as a "police intern" (i.e., reporter). One such example is when a uniformed officer beats a boy who is in handcuffs, whereas in Homicide the code of honor at the time makes clear that "you don't hit a man who's wearing cuffs or is unable to fight back." Adaptations The book was adapted into the 2000 Emmy award winning HBO miniseries, The Corner, for which Simon served as a writer and executive producer. The Millions Nick Moran observes: "The Wire later adopted aspects from both the book and the miniseries". See also Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets, also by David Simon Tally's Corner: A Study of Negro Streetcorner Men, by Elliot Liebow References Category:Books by David Simon Category:Culture of Baltimore Category:Crime in Baltimore Category:African-American culture Category:U.S. Route 1 Category:1997 non-fiction books | Mid | [
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A defendant in a court trying a 2.1 million-dollar counterfeit money case has testified that Indonesia's army chief had full knowledge of the production of fake bills, a report said Wednesday. "Mr. Darto knew very well that this fake money production was for the interest of the Indonesian military and ... East Timor, " defendant Ismail Putra, a retired army major, was quoted as saying by the Jakarta Post. Putra was referring to General Tyasno Sudarto, who was the chief of the Indonesian Military Intelligence Agency (BIA) from January 1999 until he was appointed army chief of staff in November last year. "He sanctioned the process. The (former) BIA chief also visited Yustinus Kasminto's house in Palmerah, West Jakarta, where the printing was done," Putra, one of the 10 suspects in the case, told the court. General Sudarto is considered as one of the country's reformist generals who want to get the military out of its political role and make it more professional. His reform credentials are considered to have won him favour with the government of President Abdurrahman Wahid, the country's first democratically elected president. The fake money, worth 19.2 billion rupiah (2.1 million dollars) was produced between July last year and February this year. The counterfeit bills are in 50,000 rupiah denominations, which bear the likeness of former president Suharto. Military spokesman Colonel Panggih Sundoro declined to comment on the report. The Indonesian military has been accused on arming and financing pro-Jakarta militia in East Timor, a former Portuguese colony annexed by Jakarta in 1976. East Timor's vote for independence from Indonesia in August last year was followed by a bloody rampage by the militias. Another former general, Sumaryono, has also been named a suspect in the printing and circulation of some 4.7 billion rupiah in fake bank notes. Note: For those who would like to fax "the powers that be" - CallCenter V3.5.8, is a Native 32-bit Voice Telephony software application integrated with fax and data communications... and it's free of charge! Download from http://www.v3inc.com/ | Low | [
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In automatic beverage dispensers, there already exist different types with various infusion assemblies. These assemblies have complicated mechanical movements performed by electric motors and reducers, of high cost, as well as lever transmissions which must be very precise. These assemblies also require a very precise volumetric dosage of the coffee powder so as to avoid interfering with the movements and transmissions. It will be understood that the operation of such assemblies is delicate and require careful production and assembly of multiple mechanical pieces. To overcome these delicate and difficult constructions, it has already been proposed to replace these motorized movements and lever transmissions with movements performed by double-acting hydraulic jacks. Unfortunately, this type of hydraulic jack is difficult to control, not only as to the movement of its piston, but also as to the equilibrium of the opposing pressures, and gives rise to prohibitive costs for automatic beverage dispensers, such as espresso coffee-making machines which must be mass-produced. | Low | [
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Fighting For The Angels "If my understanding of predestination is not correct, then my sin is compounded, since I would be slandering the saints who by opposing my view are fighting for the angels." (RC Sproul, Chosen by God, pg. 14) Hits Since 3/25/08 596,461 John Wesley "Answer all [the Calvinists'] objections, as occasion offers, both in public and private. But take care to do this with all possible sweetness both of look and of accent...Make it a matter of constant and earnest prayer, that God would stop the plague." God’s Sovereignty "God sovereignly decreed that man should be free to exercise moral choice, and man from the beginning has fulfilled that decree by making his choice between good and evil. When he chooses to do evil, he does not thereby countervail the sovereign will of God but fulfills it, inasmuch as the eternal decree decided not which choice the man should make but that he should be free to make it. If in His absolute freedom God has willed to give man limited freedom, who is there to stay His hand or say, 'What doest thou?' Man’s will is free because God is sovereign. A God less than sovereign could not bestow moral freedom upon His creatures. He would be afraid to do so." A.W. Tozer, The Knowledge of the Holy: The Attributes of God James Arminius "Besides, even true and living faith in Christ precedes regeneration strictly taken, and consisting of the mortification or death of the old man, and the vivification of the new man...For Christ becomes ours by faith, and we are engrafted into Christ, are made members of his body, of his flesh and of his bones, and, being thus planted with him, we coalesce or are united together, that we may draw from him the vivifying power of the Holy Spirit, by which power the old man is mortified and we rise again into a new life." [Works Vol.2 pg. 233, Wesleyan Heritage Collection]. 1. We believe the Scriptures as originally given by God, both Old and New Testaments, to be the inspired Word of God, infallible, entirely trustworthy, and the supreme authority in all matters of faith and conduct. 2. We believe in one God, Creator of all things, infinitely perfect, and eternally existing in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, who possesses perfect and exhaustive knowledge of the past, present, and future, and who preserves, regulates, governs and directs all things so that nothing in the world happens without either his causation or permission. God is the author of good but not of evil. Yet even evil is governed by God in that God limits it and directs it to an end fitting with his overall plan and purpose. 3. We believe that Jesus Christ is fully God and fully human, having been conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. He lived a sinless life, dying on the cross as a substitute and sacrifice for sinners. He arose bodily on the third day and ascended to the right hand of the Father. He will return personally and visibly at the end of the age to fully establish God’s Kingdom. 4. We believe that part of the ministry of the Holy Spirit is to glorify the Lord Jesus Christ and, during this age, to convict sinners, enable them to believe, regenerate the believing sinner, and indwell, guide, instruct, and empower the believer for godly living and service. 5. We believe that humanity was created in the image of God but fell from its original sinless state through willful disobedience and Satan’s deception, resulting in eternal condemnation and separation from God. In and of themselves and apart from the grace of God human beings can neither think, will, nor do anything good, including believe. But the prevenient grace of God prepares and enables sinners to receive the free gift of salvation offered in Christ and his gospel. Only through the grace of God can sinners believe and so be regenerated by the Holy Spirit unto salvation and spiritual life. It is also the grace of God that enables believers to continue in faith as well as good in thought, will, and deed, so that all good deeds or movements that can be conceived must be ascribed to the grace of God. 6. We believe that the shed blood of Jesus Christ and his resurrection were provided for the salvation of all people, but are effective only for those who believe. Christ’s death and resurrection provide the only ground for justification and salvation, and only those who believe in Jesus Christ become born of the Holy Spirit and thus become children of God. 7. We believe that God’s saving grace is resistible, that election unto salvation is conditional on faith in Christ, and that persevering in faith is necessary for final salvation. 8. We believe in the bodily resurrection of the dead; of believers to everlasting blessedness and joy with the Lord; and of unbelievers to judgment and eternal punishment. With regards to Eschatology (which some people are very interested in) I am not dogmatic. I am open to a variety of views as potentially Biblical. I do, however, reject full preterism and consider it to be plainly heretical according to 2 Tim. 2:17-18. I believe that partial preterism, historicism, and futurism are all Biblical possibilities while acknowledging difficulties with each view. At this time it just doesn’t matter that much to me. Sorry. For an excellent and detailed summary of what Arminians believe in contrast to what Calvinists believe, be sure to get the FACTS of Salvation. | High | [
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Sinn 956 Automatic Pilot Chronograph The Sinn 956 automatic chronograph is pure form and function. Like many Sinn watches the 956 over engineered to exacting standards, but not over designed. It is however technical looking and the dial contains a lot of data used for making calculations, but there is no unnecessary data or design to the dial. The additional feature on this watch, which is fairly similar to the 903 range is the addition of the power reserve function. It is strong, robust durable and reliable but with a host of features that can be used for a multitude of functions. The slide rule will enable the user to make all of the calculations necessary for flight planning which includes distances, speeds, rates of ascent and descent and the fuel consumption. The chronograph also allows elapsed timing of up to 12 hours. It is an attractive design with easy to see legible dial. It has a screw on sapphire glass case back showing off the decorated movement which is a modified Valjoux 7750, screw down crown, scratch resistant sapphire crystal with anti reflective coating and pressure resistant to 10 bar, which is approximately 100 metres. It is antimagnetic according to DIN 8309 specification and shock resistant according to DIN 8308 specification. It has a stopping second hand to enable accurate setting to a time signal and a quick set date. Width is 41 mm excluding crown and 44 mm including crown Lug to lug is 46 mm, Thickness is 14.5 mm. Ref SIN 55a Price is £2,395. | High | [
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Synthesis and structural characterization of 1-mesityl-1,3-dihydro-imidazole-2-selone and bis(1-mesitylimidazol-2-yl)diselenide: experimental evidence that the selone is more stable than the selenol tautomer. 1-Mesityl-1,3-dihydro-imidazole-2-selone, (seim(Mes))H, may be obtained from 1-mesitylimidazole via (i) deprotonation with Bu(n)Li, (ii) treatment with elemental selenium, and (iii) addition of HCl(aq). Structural characterization of (seim(Mes))H by X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the compound exists as the selone rather than selenol tautomer, a result that is in accord with DFT calculations. Solutions of (seim(Mes))H are oxidized by air to give bis(1-mesitylimidazol-2-yl)diselenide, (seim(Mes))(2). A corresponding investigation of (seim(Me))H demonstrates that, in contrast to a previous report, the selenium analogue of methimazole exists in the selone form with a structure analogous to that of methimazole. (1)H and (77)Se NMR studies demonstrate that the (seim(R)) groups of the selone (seim(R))H and diselenide (seim(R))(2) undergo facile exchange on the NMR time scale. | Mid | [
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HAMILTON, Ont. — Using a loonie as his ball marker, Rory McIlroy fired a final round 9-under par 61 to win Canada’s National Open Championship, the RBC Canadian Open in his first appearance. McIlroy’s 22-under-par 258 is the lowest 72-hole score ever carded at the RBC Canadian Open. The previous record of 263 was held by Johnny Palmer (1952), Scott Piercy (2012) and Tim Clark (2014). His final round 61 is also the best final round at the 110-year-old event, breaking the record of 62 held by Andy Bean (1983). The 30-year-old entered Sunday’s final round sharing the lead with Americans Matt Kuchar and Webb Simpson. He started his round by lipping-out a chip for eagle on the first hole, en route to birding four of his first five holes. With the win the Northern Irishman claimed his 16th PGA TOUR title. “It’s been a while since I played like this and sort of put my foot down, but it was so nice to do it today,” said McIlroy. “I’m very proud of what I’ve done today. Hopefully this sets up well for the rest of the year, too.” McIlroy becomes only the sixth player to win the career Triple Crown, having won the U.S. Open in 2011 and The Open Championship in 2014. He joins an exclusive club that includes Tommy Armour, Walter Hagen, Arnold Palmer, Lee Trevino and Tiger Woods. “The reception from the Canadian crowds have been incredible this week,” added McIlroy. “They couldn’t have been any better. They’ve been so welcoming all week. I can’t wait to come back next year.” McIlroy is the first golfer to win the RBC Canadian Open on his first attempt since Chez Reavie in 2008 and the first European to capture the title since Sweden’s Carl Pettersson in 2010. Ireland’s Shane Lowry and American Web Simpson finished tied for second at 15-under par 265 for the tournament. Americans Matt Kuchar and Brandt Snedeker finished tied for 4th at 13-under. Adam Hadwin fired an even-par 70 in the final round, finishing as the low Canadian at 12-under par 268 on the tournament. Hadwin was awarded the Rivermead Cup for the fourth time of his career as low Canadian. “The crowd was amazing all week,” said Hadwin. “That reception coming up 18 was something special. I pictured it with being a few more [strokes] under earlier in the week, but they were amazing. I’m just disappointed I couldn’t get it done in front of them.” By virtue of his sixth-place finish, Hadwin qualifies for the 2019 Open Championship being held July 14-21 at Royal Portrush in Northern Ireland. Also earning an exemption in the 2019 Open Championship was Northern Irishman Graeme McDowell. New for 2019, the RBC Canadian Open is included in The Open Qualifying Series. Up to three players who are not already exempt earned places in the 148th Open Championship at Royal Portrush The 2020 RBCCO is being held at St. George’s Golf and Country Club in Toronto from June 8 to 14. Click here to view the full leaderboard for the 2019 RBC Canadian Open. | High | [
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If Josh Gordon plays NFL football in 2019, it almost certainly will be for the New England Patriots. According to multiple reports, the Patriots on Tuesday placed an original-round restricted free agent tender on Gordon, who currently is serving an indefinite suspension for violating the terms of his reinstatement. Ben Volin of The Boston Globe was the first to report news of the tender, which will pay Gordon $2.025 million this season. If another team signs the wide receiver to an offer sheet and New England declines to match, the Patriots would receive that team’s third-round draft pick in 2020. Given Gordon’s history of suspensions and off-field issues, it’s highly unlikely another club would spend such a high pick to bring him aboard at this point in his career. Gordon played 11 games for the Patriots last season after being acquired from the Cleveland Browns in a September trade. The 27-year-old former All-Pro proved to be a valuable addition to New England’s offense — he caught 40 passes for 720 yards and three touchdowns and served as the team’s top downfield threat — but was unavailable for the postseason after being suspended following a Week 16 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers. It remains unclear when or if Gordon will be reinstated, but a report last month from NFL Media’s Tom Pelissero suggested that process could begin as early as this May. Having Gordon in the mix would be an obvious boost for the Patriots’ receiving corps, which currently features just Julian Edelman, Braxton Berrios, Damoun Patterson and special teamer Matthew Slater. Chris Hogan, Phillip Dorsett and Cordarrelle Patterson all are set to hit free agency when the NFL league year opens Wednesday afternoon. Gordon thanked the Patriots on social media Tuesday morning. https://www.instagram.com/flash/p/Bu6QwknhxNQ The Patriots also tendered their other restricted free agent, cornerback Jonathan Jones, at a second-round level. | Mid | [
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Q: Examples for using latest version of Lucene I'm new to Lucene and want to call it directly from my Java code in a Maven environment. I have tried for some time to find working examples that I can download and run. The latest tutorial on the official site is 2013 - Lucene 3.* https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/lucene/LuceneFAQ#LuceneFAQ-HowdoIstartusingLucene?. The current latest version in Maven is 8.5.1 . Most non-official tutorials on the web do not contain version numbers or Fully Qualified Names. Lucene appears to change its API, syntax, and names at frequent intervals so that compile errors, ClassNotFound, and deleted methods occur. I'd like to know: the current stable version the Lucene packages involved (is a lucene-query package required?) pointers to code that works in 2020 with these versions A: The home page for the latest version of the documentation is here. This includes links to all the javadoc sections (different sections for different libraries). It also includes links to some current working code examples (yes, there are breaking changes from pre-8 to 8+). The wiki can be unreliable in this regard, as you have seen. The main demo is probably the best place to start to see working code examples. Specifically, see the how to index and how to search examples. Which packages you need depends entirely on what you are trying to do. It's unlikely that you will need the spatial analysis package, for example, unless you know you need it. My POM typically includes these: <properties> <lucene.version>8.5.0</lucene.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId> <artifactId>lucene-core</artifactId> <version>${lucene.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId> <artifactId>lucene-queryparser</artifactId> <version>${lucene.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId> <artifactId>lucene-analyzers-common</artifactId> <version>${lucene.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId> <artifactId>lucene-analyzers-icu</artifactId> <version>${lucene.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> Sometimes I also use these: <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId> <artifactId>lucene-suggest</artifactId> <version>${lucene.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId> <artifactId>lucene-highlighter</artifactId> <version>${lucene.version}</version> </dependency> Hope that helps, or points you in the right direction, at least. | High | [
0.661764705882352,
33.75,
17.25
] |
[Reversion of sedation and general anaesthesia--agonist-antagonist technique]. To study an expediency and efficacy of application of different reverses drugs (naloxone, flumazenil, neostigmine, galantamine, sugammadex) either their separate or combined using. We studied 119 patients underwent endoluminal endoscopic procedures and surgeries on trachea-bronchial tree and intestines under sedation or general anaesthesia. The article deals with conceptual approaches to the reversal of residual effects of opioids, benzodiazepine sedation and neuromuscular block (the so-called agonist-antagonist technique). A reversion of neuromuscular block without using of antagonists' combination does not provide complete recovery of psychomotor and cognitive functions for rapid socialization of patients after anaesthesia. | High | [
0.656084656084656,
31,
16.25
] |
West meets East A presentation explaining the case where cultural misunderstandings created a clash between American and Korean cultures The "West meets East" presentation was shown as our final project in the Intercultural Communications course. The case we chose to analyze was that of a team of American engineers who traveled to help a customer in Korea. The analysis carried for this case included the revision of concepts such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions, differences between groups & teams as well as internal vs external motivations. For this project, the tasks I carried out where: performing field research to find an appropriate case, interviewing parties, illustrating the process and identifying difficulties to propose further resolutions for the conflicts observed. Additionally, a quick portrayal of the story was created using Storybird. | High | [
0.675062972292191,
33.5,
16.125
] |
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