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/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- * * ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ***** * Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1 * * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ * * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the * License. * * The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code, released * March 31, 1998. * * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is * Simmule Turner and Rich Salz. * Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998 * the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved. * * Contributor(s): * * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of * either the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"), or * the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"), * in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead * of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only * under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to * use your version of this file under the terms of the MPL, indicate your * decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice * and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete * the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under * the terms of any one of the MPL, the GPL or the LGPL. * * ***** END LICENSE BLOCK ***** */ /* * Copyright 1992,1993 Simmule Turner and Rich Salz. All rights reserved. * * This software is not subject to any license of the American Telephone * and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University of California. * * Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on * any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject * to the following restrictions: * 1. The authors are not responsible for the consequences of use of this * software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it. * 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by * explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources, * credits must appear in the documentation. * 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be * misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users * ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation. * 4. This notice may not be removed or altered. */ /* ** Internal header file for editline library. */ #include <stdio.h> #if defined(HAVE_STDLIB) #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #endif /* defined(HAVE_STDLIB) */ #if defined(SYS_UNIX) #include "unix.h" #endif /* defined(SYS_UNIX) */ #if defined(SYS_OS9) #include "os9.h" #endif /* defined(SYS_OS9) */ #if !defined(SIZE_T) #define SIZE_T unsigned int #endif /* !defined(SIZE_T) */ typedef unsigned char CHAR; #if defined(HIDE) #define STATIC static #else #define STATIC /* NULL */ #endif /* !defined(HIDE) */ #if !defined(CONST) #if defined(__STDC__) #define CONST const #else #define CONST #endif /* defined(__STDC__) */ #endif /* !defined(CONST) */ #define MEM_INC 64 #define SCREEN_INC 256 #define DISPOSE(p) free((char *)(p)) #define NEW(T, c) \ ((T *)malloc((unsigned int)(sizeof (T) * (c)))) #define RENEW(p, T, c) \ (p = (T *)realloc((char *)(p), (unsigned int)(sizeof (T) * (c)))) #define COPYFROMTO(new, p, len) \ (void)memcpy((char *)(new), (char *)(p), (int)(len)) /* ** Variables and routines internal to this package. */ extern int rl_eof; extern int rl_erase; extern int rl_intr; extern int rl_kill; extern int rl_quit; extern char *rl_complete(); extern int rl_list_possib(); extern void rl_ttyset(int); extern void rl_add_slash(); #if !defined(HAVE_STDLIB) extern char *getenv(); extern char *malloc(); extern char *realloc(); extern char *memcpy(); extern char *strcat(); extern char *strchr(); extern char *strrchr(); extern char *strcpy(); extern char *strdup(); extern int strcmp(); extern int strlen(); extern int strncmp(); #endif /* !defined(HAVE_STDLIB) */ | Low | [
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Association of juxtapapillary diverticula with choledocholithiasis but not with cholecystolithiasis. Juxtapapillary diverticula are often associated with biliary lithiasis. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of juxtapapillary diverticula in choledocholithiasis and in cholecystolithiasis without common bile duct stones. The results of 520 consecutive retrograde cholangiographies were retrospectively analysed. The prevalence of juxtapapillary diverticula was higher in patients with biliary lithiasis than in patients without: 26.0% vs 10.5% (p less than 0.001). However, juxtapapillary diverticula were more frequently encountered in patients with choledocholithiasis than in those with gallbladder lithiasis or previous cholecystectomy and a stone-free common bile duct: 40.0% vs 10.2% (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the patients with cholecystolithiasis alone and those without biliary lithiasis. Among the patients with previous cholecystectomy or with gallbladder lithiasis, common bile duct stones were more frequently found in patients with juxtapapillary diverticula than in those without: 80.3% vs 40.6% (p less than 0.001). These data suggest that juxtapapillary diverticula are associated only with choledocholithiasis and not with gallbladder lithiasis. | High | [
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Optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) is used for example for analyzing inhomogeneities in optical waveguides and optical devices. In this method light is transmitted down the optical fibre and light resulting from the interaction with an inhomogeneity in the optical fibre is back-scattered. The light is split into two arms, a sample arm and a reference arm. When the optical pathlength in the sample arm matches time delay in the reference arm coherent interference occurs and the distance the light has travelled in the sample arm may be determined. Most known devices, use broadband light sources eg. superluminescent diodes, with a short coherence time, and they need a scanning mirror to record the depth resolved backscattered signal. In other systems a tunable laser is used as the light source, whereby, instead of moving the mirror, the wavelength of the laser can be varied to record the backscattered signal. This principle is discussed in Haberland, U.H.P. et al., “Chirp Optical Coherence Tomography of Layered Scattering Media” as well as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,355 (Swanson et al.). The method is often referred to as coherent optical frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) reflectometry. OLCR can be extended through the use of polarized light. The light field towards the reference and sample is then polarized. After combining the light field reflected from the reference and the sample, the combined light field is split up again into two new light fields with perpendicular polarization states. Through this method the birefringent properties of the sample can be investigated in addition to the information obtainable with ordinary OLCR adding to the systems ability to discriminate between certain types of materials within the sample. This method also applies to OCT often referred to as polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), as well as coherent optical FMCW reflectometry. Optical low-coherence reflectometry is also used in the imaging of 2-dimensional and 3 dimensional structures, eg. biological tissues, in this respect often referred to as optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT can be used to perform high-resolution cross-sectional in vivo and in situ imaging of microstructures, such as in transparent as well as non-transparent biological tissue or other absorbing and/or random media in generel. There are a number of applications for OCT, such as non-invasive medical diagnostic tests also called optical biopsies. For example cancer tissue and healthy tissue can be distinguished by means of different optical properties. Coherent optical FMCW reflectometry also applies to the above-mentioned cases. In order to optimize optical low-coherence reflectometry measurements and imaging various suggestions to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been discussed in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,267 (Sorin et al.) discloses optical reflectometry for analyzing inhomogeneities in optical fibres. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,267 amplification of the light reflected from the optical fibre is conducted. In particular U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,267 suggests to use the light source as an amplifier in order to save costs. WO 99/46557 (Optical Biopsies Technologies) discusses SNR in a system wherein a reference beam is routed into a long arm of an interferometer by a polarizing beamsplitter. In general the reference suggest to include an attenuator in the reference arm to increase SNR. In a balanced setup the reference on the other hand suggests to increase the power of the reference arm in order to increase SNR. In “Unbalanced versus balanced operation in an optical coherence tomography system” Podoleanu, A. G., Vol. 39, No. 1, Applied optics, discussed various methods of increasing SNR in unbalanced and balanced systems, respectively. Reduction of power in the reference arm was suggested as well as reduction of fibre end reflections to increase the SNR. Optical low-coherence tomography reflectometry and coherent optical FMCW reflectometry obtain the same information about the sample being investigated, and, in this respect, they may be considered similar. The present invention relates to an optimisation coherent optical FMCW reflectometry whereby an increase of the SNR is obtained leading to a better result of the measurements, in particular in relation to penetration depth of the system, so that the penetration depth increases, when the SNR increases. | Mid | [
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Drought factors in to water consents The long-term effect of the drought on Hawke's Bay's water supply may have to be factored into Hastings District Council's application for a new permit to continue supplying H2O to the public and properties. The Hastings council will meet today to hear a presentation from the Hawke's Bay Regional Council, which is responsible for renewing consents for the region's city and district councils' water supply. Hastings councillors were worried they would have to spend millions of dollars upgrading the district's water systems to meet regional council standards. Tests suggested water bores in Havelock North and Flaxmere could deplete nearby waterways and the regional council wanted a long-term strategy to show how the Hastings water supply could be managed. It would also have to comply with its regional resource management plan. The Hastings council's water services manager Brett Chapman said in his report the long-term plan was to move away from using existing water bores in Flaxmere which were "adversely impacting" on Irongate Stream, by reducing waterway flows during summer. "This coincides with peak summer demand in the network that increase the potential effects at time of low flow. "In addition, the Brookvale bores that supply the Havelock North zone have stream depletion effects on the Mangateretere Stream." The permit to use the bores would expire in 2018, so use would be scaled back during the coming years. New bores being developed at Frimley Park and Eastbourne St would ensure future water supply. There was likely to be costs involved in abandoning bores which were still working, and switching over to new ones. The regional council presentation would provide councillors with an idea on how water would be managed in the future, and how it would impact on Hastings' water, wastewater and stormwater services. "Some of the water use issues facing the Hastings district will be highlighted as will some information on the 2012/13 drought," Mr Chapman said. | Mid | [
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Kosuke Kitani is a former Japanese football player. Playing career Kitani was born in Kamagaya on October 9, 1978. After graduating from Kokushikan University, he joined J2 League club Omiya Ardija in 2001. Although he debuted in first season, he could hardly play in the match until summer 2003. He played many matches as defensive midfielder and center back from summer 2003. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2004. Although Ardija won the 2nd place and was promoted to J1 League from 2005, he left the club end of 2004 season without playing J1. In 2005, Kitani signed with J2 club Vegalta Sendai. He became a regular player as center back soon and played many matches until 2008. However he could hardly play in the match behind Kodai Watanabe and Elizeu in 2009. Although Vegalta won the champions and was promoted to J1 from 2010, he left the club end of 2009 season without playing J1 again. In 2010, Kitani signed with J2 club Sagan Tosu. He became a regular player soon. In 2011, he played all 38 matches and Sagan won the 2nd place and was promoted to J1. Although he played in J1 first time in his career in 2012, he lost his position and could only play 4 matches in late in 2012 season. In July 2013, Kitani moved to J2 club FC Gifu. He played all 17 matches in 2013 season. Although he played many matches in 2014, he retired end of 2014 season. Club statistics References External links Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:People from Kamagaya Category:Kokushikan University alumni Category:Association football people from Chiba Prefecture Category:Japanese footballers Category:J1 League players Category:J2 League players Category:Omiya Ardija players Category:Vegalta Sendai players Category:Sagan Tosu players Category:FC Gifu players Category:Association football defenders | Mid | [
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Q: Sharepoint: How to update a ListItem field which is Lookup multiple values using Sharepoint RestAPI? Sharepoint: How to update a ListItem field which is Lookup multiple values using Sharepoint RestAPI? I want to update a ListItem field, this field type is Lookup multiple value. I code the sample test but it doesn't work. Here is my code: function UpdateItemLookup() { // Getting our list items $.ajax({ url: _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl + "/_api/Web/Lists/getByTitle('testlist')/Items(1)", method: "GET", headers: { "Accept": "application/json; odata=verbose" }, cache: true, async: false, success: function (data) { Update(data); }, error: function (data) { console.log(data); } }); } function Update(result) { $.ajax({ url: result.d.__metadata.uri, type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose", body: JSON.stringify({ "__metadata": { type: "SP.Data.Test_x0020_listListItem" }, Title: "bbbb", lookup1: [1, 3] //the lookup field needs to be updated to "1" and "3" }), headers: { "Accept": "application/json;odata=verbose", "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(), "content-type": "application/json;odata=verbose", "X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE", "If-Match": result.d.__metadata.etag }, success: function (result) { console.log(result); }, error: function (error) { console.log(error); } }); } I get this error: "{"error":{"code":"-1, Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.InvalidClientQueryException","message":{"lang":"en-US","value":"A node of type 'EndOfInput' was read from the JSON reader when trying to read the start of an entry. A 'StartObject' node was expected."}}}" The lookupfield internalname is correct. Error: Anyone here can solve my problem? Many thanks. A: I finally find the error. The field name is correct "lookup1", but when I update the value of this field, I need to add postfix "Id" after the field name. My case should be "lookup1Id' and it works. function Update(result) { var item = $.extend({ "__metadata": { "type": "SP.Data.Test_x0020_listListItem" } }, { Title: "test item aaaa", lookup1Id: { "results": [1, 3] }, //here is the problem, it should be "lookup1Id" }); $.ajax({ url: result.d.__metadata.uri, type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose", data: JSON.stringify(item), headers: { "Accept": "application/json;odata=verbose", "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(), "X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE", "If-Match": result.d.__metadata.etag }, success: function (result) { console.log(result); }, error: function (error) { console.log(error); } }); } | High | [
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MUST WATCH Ferguson, Missouri (CNN)Video that a filmmaker says shows Michael Brown in a Ferguson, Missouri, store engaging in a purported drug exchange hours before he was killed is nothing more than a “poorly edited snippet,” the prosecutor who investigated the case said Monday. | Low | [
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Article content continued Mr. Zelmer compared these efforts to the Glass-Steagall Act that was implemented in the U.S. during the Great Depression to prevent retail banking and investment banking from being conducted by the same organization. Canada has no need to follow the U.S. approach because for decades banks in this country have benefitted from owning capital markets businesses. Ever since lenders were able to own investment dealers back in the 1980s the increased diversification of revenue “helped them weather several financial storms,” he said. “For example, profits from investment banking activities helped cushion bank profits a few years ago when commercial banking activities were experiencing rising loan loss provisions. By the same token, commercial bank profits over the years have helped some banks weather the occasional stumble in capital markets.” Mr. Zelmer cautioned that the issue is not for OSFI alone to decide, but his comments make clear which way the regulator is leaning. Peter Routledge, an analyst at National Bank Financial, said an exemption from a measure regarded by many in the industry as unnecessarily punitive would be a competitive advantage for Canadian banks if the other regions follow through on their plans. “This would be good news for the banks,” he said. Mr. Zelmer also reminded the industry that OSFI wants banks in this country to meet the minimum 7% common equity requirement at the beginning of the phase-in period for new internatinal banking rules known as Basel III starting January 1. Most other countries including the U.S., Britain and Europe are also moving to adopt the new standard though some such as Switzerland and parts of Scandinavia are expected to significantly increase the minimum for their banks. Analysts said OSFI as well may push the banks it regulates to move above the 7% level the next several years, though probably only by around 1%. | High | [
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Parents warned about Salt and Ice Challenge at Schools Schoolboy left with horrific burn injuries after taking part in dangerous 'salt and ice' craze If you have a child at a secondary school then this is one dangerous craze you should know about, so you can warn them not to take part. The "salt and ice challenge" The latest craze is called the “salt and ice challenge”. It involves children being dared to place salt on their skin along with an ice cube and holding it there for as long as possible. What they may not realise is that the salt and ice together creates a reaction which can actually very quickly cause third-degree injuries similar to frostbite as the temperature rapidly falls far below that of ice. This silly craze has left one schoolboy from Swansea with severe burns on his hand. The youngster's burns were so serious that there was a debate about whether he should get a skin graft. However, doctors decided against it because the unidentified pupil retained full motor skills in his hand. Despite this, the burn is so deep it has burnt all the nerve endings. “He has absolutely no feeling on the burn at all,” said the boy’s mum. “It is so deep that it has burnt all the nerve endings. He has some feeling in the red part around the edge but nothing on the burn itself.” The schoolboy’s mum was so upset with this incident, that she has released images of her son’s hand to try and highlight the dangers and bring it to the attention of as many parents as possible, so they can warn their children and prevent it from happening again. | Mid | [
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Q: pandas.to_dict returns None mixed with nan I've stumbled upon a minor problem with pandas and it's method to_dict. I have a table that I'm certain have equal number of identical columns in each row, let's say it looks like that: +----|----|----+ |COL1|COL2|COL3| +----|----|----+ |VAL1| |VAL3| | |VAL2|VAL3| |VAL1|VAL2| | +----|----|----+ When I do df.to_dict(orient='records') I get: [{ "COL1":"VAL1" ,"COL2":nan ,"COL3":"VAL3" } ,{ "COL1":None ,"COL2":"VAL2" ,"COL3":"VAL3" } ,{ "COL1":"VAL1" ,"COL2":"VAL2" ,"COL3":nan }] Notice nan's in some columns and None's in other (always the same, there appears to be no nan and None in same column) And when I do json.loads(df.to_json(orient='records')) i get only None and no nan's (which is desired output). Like this: [{ "COL1":"VAL1" ,"COL2":None ,"COL3":"VAL3" } ,{ "COL1":None ,"COL2":"VAL2" ,"COL3":"VAL3" } ,{ "COL1":"VAL1" ,"COL2":"VAL2" ,"COL3":None }] I would appreciate some explanation as to why it happens and if it can be controlled in some way. ==EDIT== According to comments it would be better to first replace those nan's with None's, but those nan's are not np.nan: >>> a = df.head().ix[0,60] >>> a nan >>> type(a) <class 'numpy.float64'> >>> a is np.nan False >>> a == np.nan False A: I think you can only replace, it is not possible control in to_dict: L = [{ "COL1":"VAL1" ,"COL2":np.nan ,"COL3":"VAL3" } ,{ "COL1":None ,"COL2":"VAL2" ,"COL3":"VAL3" } ,{ "COL1":"VAL1" ,"COL2":"VAL2" ,"COL3":np.nan }] df = pd.DataFrame(L).replace({np.nan:None}) print (df) COL1 COL2 COL3 0 VAL1 None VAL3 1 None VAL2 VAL3 2 VAL1 VAL2 None print (df.to_dict(orient='records')) [{'COL3': 'VAL3', 'COL2': None, 'COL1': 'VAL1'}, {'COL3': 'VAL3', 'COL2': 'VAL2', 'COL1': None}, {'COL3': None, 'COL2': 'VAL2', 'COL1': 'VAL1'}] | Low | [
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It’s not exactly a full “protected intersection” as first envisioned by a Portland planner over four years ago; but the Bureau of Transportation is set to add concrete buffers between the bike lane and other vehicle lanes at several corners to a notorious intersection of West Burnside this fall. As part of a series of projects to improve safety on the high crash corridor, PBOT will add median islands and green coloring to separate the bike lanes where Burnside meets 18th, 19th and Alder (just north of Providence Park). Burnside is a major thoroughfare between the West Hills and I-405 with 21,500 to 25,000 vehicles using it on an average day. That high volume of traffic, along with its four-lane cross-section and speeding drivers makes it very intimidating and dangerous. PBOT data shows that Burnside has three times the citywide average rate of collisions involving people on foot — and 76 percent of those crashes are west of the Burnside Bridge. Here’s how it looks today: Despite being an important cycling connection between Goose Hollow/Providence Park and northwest Portland, the crossing is listed as a caution area on PBOT’s bike map. To help make it safer, PBOT plans to add green coloring and a series of median islands to protect the bike lane. New crosswalks are also in the plans. To help improve access to transit, PBOT will increase the size of the existing transit island that stands in the middle of the four streets. Traffic signals and curb ramps will also be upgraded as part of the project. As you can from the image above, the final design has changed from a 2016 report that showed even more green space and concrete curbs to protect bicycle riders. Unfortunately several elements of this more robust design have been left on the cutting room floor. PBOT says they expect to begin construction in September. Learn more about this and other updates coming to Burnside on PBOT’s website. — Jonathan Maus: (503) 706-8804, @jonathan_maus on Twitter and [email protected] Never miss a story. Sign-up for the daily BP Headlines email. BikePortland needs your support. Front Page, Infrastructure w burnside, west burnside multimodal project | Mid | [
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We got these buttons made for the elevator. We're just gonna... they're like caps and you just stick them on like that and we got putty in the back. Yeah, we've got Braille on it. They're like legit. So people aren't gonna be able to tell that they're fake. That's where you're going? Oh yeah. We're going to the 5th Floor. You working or on vacation? Oh, vacation. Yeah? Yeah. Yeah that's fine. Oh, now it's going up. There ya go. *awkward silence* It's a new building huh? Seven? Oh. Here, I'll just got off here. You can stay here. It's not? Hey Yes sir. Yeah, this is backwards man. What? It was always there. Yeah Oh, she's-that's cause she's coming. Yeah I can actually get to my truck from here. Oh there you go. Here we go. Yeah we can't guarantee it. Sorry. *laughing* In the northern and southern hemispheres, you know how they like, the magnetic poles sometimes, because we're in the southern hemisphere They probably put it on upside down because we're in Florida, you know, They try to keep you trapped in the elevator so they can get extra money for parking. *laughing* What floor are you going to? I'm just riding and testing it. Oh. Oh, the elevator people screwed up. Mm-hm Yeah, they always do that. You go to a burger place and they have one called the Triple Bypass burger. A burger so good it'll make you say, "Uegh my heart!" "Call an ambulance!" Do you have the Flooded City Chocolate here? I don't get it. Melody, how about the Diabetic Delight? Do you serve that here? That's what I got. It's my favorite flavor. *wheezing* hUh? What's u- sorry what? Aw this, this is my jam man. I like it. You've never heard this? It's so stupid too. Gosh I feel like we've reached a new low. You never heard of this. This one's by Smuckers. I actually went to their concert! It's not on you dude. Look at it. There. It's like pointing up. I know! What flavor would you like? Oh, I'll have the Leukemia Lemon, please. You got the Alzheimer's Apple? That's what he got. He didn't hear me. He had the Hard-of-Hearing Heath bar. What'd you say, the Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Heath bar? A what? A brownie fudge delight. Brownie. Fudge. Delight? Yeah! Do you just go in the bathroom and crap in a cone? That's gross. How about you go in the back and let me do that to a customer? No. I'll have the Adrenocortical Carcinoma Caramel, please. I'll have what he's having. Yeah, that sounds good. We're going to get some pizza delivered to my house. We're out and it's convenient so why not? I'd like to place an order for delivery. Yeah, delivery. Yeah. Delivered. Ross. What's the address? I'm just gonna wait here 'till it's ready and then I'll just drive home but, Right, no, cause that would defeat the purpose of delivery, so you know, why would I do that? Oh, to have it delivered, I'm saving money? It's just cause it's more convenient. 35 minutes...ok. All right, I'll just wait here. Take a seat. They're about to leave now? Yeah. Ok, well just let the delivery dude know that my house is like 10 minutes away, so I'll be home in about 10 minutes. Yeah Imagine dealing with a blonde dude like me that's actually this stupid. Serious about it. Oh, there he is. Hey, It's this one! Just got home. Yeah, I'm doing good. Yeah, just pulled up. Thank you very much. Oh, no problem So convenient man. Thank you. I appreciate it so much. Okay! Very convenient. Here, I got a tip for you All right. There's your copy Oh, I don't need a receipt. Thank you very much. I appreciate that. Yeah, you're all complete Hold on, I actually, actually don't need the box either. Oh, okay Yea I'll be glad to take that back if you don't want it. Yeah, if you just refund the price to the box on the thing, I'd appreciate it. Thank you very much. No problem. Alright We just got that pizza so conveniently. Say thank you to our delivery driver. Say bye. Thank you to our delivery driver. Say bye! Bye bye! When you were the raccoon and you were waving to to the trash truck guys. Hey, buddy. You saying bye? Waving to the white trash guy- I mean the the garbage truck drivers. What if the garbage trucks were white? It's the white trash guys! Hey, sorry, how do I get to the corner of B Ridge and Tamiami Trail? What's that? I go straight? Oh, so go straight this way, ok. Don't worry about recording me, just drive. Alright Chris, now put the camera on me, now turn right, now do a U-turn. All right. Hurry up parallel park, recording me. Keep the camera on me, dude! All right now parallel park in there. Dude, it's too close. You're gonna hit him. Yeah. I'm not paying you for the day, dude. Do you want another wing? Yeah, if you don't mind. the frik did u just do Yeah, Megan taught me that. Thanks Megan. Shout out to Megan. It's toe lickin' good! Thanks Chris. It's your toe lickin'. I lick your toes? Remember kids, if you see a policeman when you're driving put your seatbelt on. It's so dangerous to not wear your seatbelt and it's scary to say but if you don't wear your seatbelt one day, you could be out driving and then BAM! Get hit with a fine that you have to pay Then you can't pay for your electric and then you can't pay for your water bill, your electric gets shut off, your water gets shut off and you can't pay your mortgage you lose your house and then you're feeling down and out one day depressed and you're driving around town and BAM! You get in a crash and have to go to the hospital all because you didn't wear your seatbelt the week before. Can you imagine 30 years ago all the fines that people would have to pay just because they hadn't invented seatbelts? We have it so much better nowadays. Oh dude look No, no, no my finger. I got a little cut. There's like a scar right here. Yeah? Yeah. Got'm. He thought I was pointing! What an idiot! Hey look! No, my toe! Like, they clearly didn't like look that direction. Like gotcha. You thought I was pointing. They're like, no, I looked straight at your foot. Look! yis look at me but *crazy blonde pretending to open car door* *crazy blonde pretending to close car door* *excuse me WHAT* *blonde man taken a crap IN THE MIDDLE OF THEBEACH* Thank you everybody for not commiting suiside for what i just did It's my first and the only home that I've ever bought. Thank you for coming. | Low | [
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# Mandelbulber settings file # version 2.22 # only modified parameters [main_parameters] background_color_2 0000 0000 0000; camera -2,398636884638984 -5,694603660084119 -4,761912269285649; camera_distance_to_target 8,328537650517261e-14; camera_rotation -80,0279423126689 9,824360477297381 0; camera_top -0,1680506504174418 -0,02954736710636346 0,9853354413555602; DOF_enabled true; DOF_focus 2,41022789850831e-05; DOF_radius 3,6; flight_last_to_render 0; formula_1 8; fov 61,93; fractal_constant_factor -0,5 -0,5 -0,5; gamma 0,7; image_height 1080; image_width 1920; iteration_fog_enable true; iteration_fog_opacity 100000000; iteration_fog_opacity_trim 20; keyframe_last_to_render 0; legacy_coordinate_system true; main_light_alpha -140; main_light_beta -30; main_light_colour a2b9 b956 e9cf; main_light_intensity 1,5; mat1_coloring_speed 0,0391; mat1_is_defined true; mat1_metallic false; mat1_specular 0,3; mat1_specular_width 1; mat1_surface_color_gradient 0 d63435 39 3c9d8d 78 431a1a 117 81a8e7 156 001b09 195 6993c6 234 71ff88 273 f3e9ef 312 5e6542 350 ffcda7 390 12eb00 429 9cecd3 468 3aff71 506 720700 546 39b5be 585 8b9af6 625 a3dc1c 664 a9c318 703 c22863 740 cf00ca 780 000f54 819 518b64 859 00df2d 898 4d00e3 937 ff43cc 976 bb9a2c 1015 9e6b95 1054 999cbe 1093 de4623 1132 984e50 1171 99e968 1210 e651e4 1250 436027 1287 ff8092 1328 cbff42 1366 6eccc6 1406 11e870 1445 a9fff2 1482 f0ffde 1523 296c1f 1560 ac263f 1601 93bf5a 1639 845a66 1679 3a4064 1718 630f6f 1757 3856e6 1796 4c8c70 1833 bb5296 1875 a9ff44 1912 78512c 1953 e4cb64 1990 3c00d4 2031 2d689c 2069 4e12c0 2109 b94cff 2148 a19f08 2187 842b48 2226 aea77c 2265 c93749 2304 5643d9 2342 350031 2382 9071a6 2421 46364d 2460 00643c 2500 f3e9ff 2539 a4a67c 2577 856c06 2617 bdeeff 2656 ff8cff 2694 83334d 2733 84b508 2773 a1cca3 2812 6266e5 2850 002a06 2890 ff879b 2929 3e828d 2967 a02651 3006 8dd16e 3046 b3a208 3085 42807e 3125 43c1ff 3164 cf00b5 3202 c499b8 3242 fc27ff 3281 6b791e 3319 7fc080 3358 072d1c 3398 11fe84 3437 532311 3475 752571 3515 47b285 3554 e89e00 3592 00002b 3631 877756 3671 ffe9a4 3710 e5ff46 3750 1c2a8b 3789 923fd6 3827 53bc9b 3867 002b22 3906 588079 3944 0000b4 3983 8c3100 4023 481094 4062 755a57 4101 a437ff 4139 893e99 4179 b7ffff 4218 5e5600 4257 aa33f5 4296 5fca9e 4335 ff7b85 4375 9ba240 4414 820070 4453 4016c8 4491 009e00 4531 846297 4570 928977 4609 5dffc6 4648 26d777 4687 e3ff46 4726 01a18a 4764 e58073 4804 2c5d9d 4843 f96edd 4882 74d000 4921 ffc62b 4960 797e0c 5000 6c1f88 5039 fa4c1c 5078 f0b2ff 5115 0091c1 5155 41e058 5194 b23388 5234 c780d2 5273 08e78f 5312 46584e 5351 571eca 5388 bacb58 5428 da97ff 5467 1eff68 5507 34dc4c 5546 72336c 5585 eacbed 5625 00152d 5664 9e63ff 5703 22573b 5740 f356af 5780 52fea1 5819 859711 5859 e4976d 5898 5d54fa 5937 6d2c09 5976 460021 6013 8fc8ab 6053 b60000 6092 ab460e 6132 3a7d6e 6171 ffdcd0 6210 b65062 6250 a2914b 6289 8b9acf 6328 3b522f 6365 764b25 6405 f09208 6444 004500 6484 4ee146 6523 67de95 6562 72e446 6601 ab424d 6638 b9a04c 6678 ac336f 6717 ffcdff 6757 0000ab 6796 89d507 6835 c8b1e3 6875 6affff 6914 eefc9f 6953 4a9a75 6990 000000 7030 89b400 7069 ffff45 7109 fc5695 7148 ca3b66 7187 000070 7226 4c6974 7263 dbc1a3 7303 ffe0ff 7342 b7ffaf 7382 e2b549 7421 ffde63 7460 ffc2d1 7500 9f27a1 7539 dd62ad 7578 ec196d 7615 ee84b5 7655 3611e8 7694 9803aa 7734 ff3b87 7773 fe5aff 7812 9ee1b6 7851 c90082 7888 5c49e6 7928 a97787 7967 7b62ee 8007 5285b8 8046 c74755 8085 7f574b 8125 58ff68 8164 bc9cb4 8203 bf7400 8242 d45007 8281 89cc51 8320 6c2466 8359 96e600 8398 060b00 8437 0e264e 8476 001d07 8515 ff8a9d 8554 d6a047 8593 497560 8631 ff469f 8671 fb6391 8710 81806a 8750 ffffff 8789 7853ff 8828 422600 8867 8a0030 8906 84ac00 8945 ef8418 8983 ffd34c 9023 4aad52 9062 6e0400 9101 7c3140 9140 6938e2 9179 0f0000 9218 4886c9 9256 fed5ff 9296 52ff40 9335 9d7faf 9375 899d00 9414 ff63ef 9453 0e4500 9492 ad598a 9531 b62bbe 9570 9f6b00 9608 a16ca9 9648 750000 9687 d23e4c 9726 8722d1 9765 a3fd5c 9804 0e9fbc 9843 ffb25e 9881 001428 9921 000000 9960 ffffff; target -2,398636884638903 -5,694603660084105 -4,761912269285634; view_distance_max 56,26485032069477; [fractal_1] mandelbox_scale -2; | Low | [
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Q: Laravel deployment to the App engine broken after a composer command I am programming a PHP API using Laravel 7. My dev process is like that: Local (Homestead@Virtualbox: Ubuntu) => Github => Google Cloud build (deployment triggered by a master commit) => Google App Engine <> Google Cloud SQL For now I had no problem deploying my app this way but yesterday I tried to add a composer package (mpociot/laravel-apidoc-generator). After some local tests where everything worked just fine I committed my master branch and my GC Build trigger tried to deploy the app on my App engine instance. The process terminated with a error I have never seen so far. I then reverted my latest commit, going back to the state where I never ran the composer command and committed my master branch again: the deployment succeeded as usual. So as there was something happening with the composer command, I investigated further. Here is the log I get in my GC Build failed deployment: FETCHSOURCE Fetching storage object: gs://701891080190.cloudbuild-source.googleusercontent.com/7541db97159423ca9ec0996eb740a404aef3c4b9-ec3f59e5-8eb5-46f9-98ab-6848be6dd6f8.tar.gz#1589712757789375 Copying gs://701891080190.cloudbuild-source.googleusercontent.com/7541db97159423ca9ec0996eb740a404aef3c4b9-ec3f59e5-8eb5-46f9-98ab-6848be6dd6f8.tar.gz#1589712757789375... / [0 files][ 0.0 B/ 9.4 MiB] / [1 files][ 9.4 MiB/ 9.4 MiB] Operation completed over 1 objects/9.4 MiB. BUILD Already have image (with digest): gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud Services to deploy: descriptor: [/workspace/app.yaml] source: [/workspace] target project: [#####] target service: [#####] target version: [20200517t105250] target url: [https://#####.ew.r.appspot.com] Do you want to continue (Y/n)? Beginning deployment of service [heavnt-test]... #============================================================# #= Uploading 2 files to Google Cloud Storage =# #============================================================# File upload done. Updating service [heavnt-test]... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................failed. ERROR: (gcloud.app.deploy) Error Response: [9] Cloud build 0dd458db-cd18-463a-b0de-034668d9802a status: FAILURE. Build error details: {"error":{"errorType":"BuildError","canonicalCode":"INVALID_ARGUMENT","errorId":"39857F2F","errorMessage":"INFO FTL version php-v0.17.0\nINFO Beginning FTL build for php\nINFO FTL arg passed: exposed_ports None\nINFO FTL arg passed: cache_repository eu.gcr.io/hotpot-63d32/app-engine-tmp/build-cache/ttl-7d\nINFO FTL arg passed: tar_base_image_path None\nINFO FTL arg passed: export_cache_stats False\nINFO FTL arg passed: builder_output_path \"\"\nINFO FTL arg passed: name eu.gcr.io/hotpot-63d32/app-engine-tmp/app/ttl-2h:a30cd452-e54a-46f4-a041-9b975258909a\nINFO FTL arg passed: ttl 168\nINFO FTL arg passed: global_cache False\nINFO FTL arg passed: cache True\nINFO FTL arg passed: upload True\nINFO FTL arg passed: sh_c_prefix False\nINFO FTL arg passed: fail_on_error True\nINFO FTL arg passed: base eu.gcr.io/gae-runtimes/php72:php72_20200412_7_2_29_RC00\nINFO FTL arg passed: output_path None\nINFO FTL arg passed: cache_key_version v0.17.0\nINFO FTL arg passed: cache_salt \nINFO FTL arg passed: directory /workspace\nINFO FTL arg passed: entrypoint None\nINFO FTL arg passed: additional_directory /.googleconfig\nINFO FTL arg passed: destination_path /srv\nINFO FTL arg passed: verbosity NOTSET\nINFO starting: full build\nINFO starting: builder initialization\nINFO Loading Docker credentials for repository 'eu.gcr.io/gae-runtimes/php72:php72_20200412_7_2_29_RC00'\nINFO Loading Docker credentials for repository 'eu.gcr.io/hotpot-63d32/app-engine-tmp/app/ttl-2h:a30cd452-e54a-46f4-a041-9b975258909a'\nINFO builder initialization took 0 seconds\nINFO starting: build process for FTL image\nINFO starting: rm_vendor_dir\nINFO rm_vendor_dir rm -rf /workspace/vendor\nINFO `rm_vendor_dir` stdout:\n\nINFO rm_vendor_dir took 0 seconds\nINFO descriptor_contents:\n{\n \"_readme\": [\n \"This file locks the dependencies of your project to a known state\",\n \"Read more about it at https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#installing-dependencies\",\n \"This file is @generated automatically\"\n ],\n \"content-hash\": \"f8027c7d3e5d36c84e1215645bb96efa\",\n \"packages\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"asm89/stack-cors\",\n \"version\": \"1.3.0\",\n \"source\": {\n \"type\": \"git\",\n \"url\": \"https://github.com/asm89/stack-cors.git\",\n \"reference\": \"b9c31def6a83f84b4d4a40d35996d375755f0e08\"\n },\n \"dist\": {\n \"type\": \"zip\",\n \"url\": \"https://api.github.com/repos/asm89/stack-cors/zipball/b9c31def6a83f84b4d4a40d35996d375755f0e08\",\n \"reference\": \"b9c31def6a83f84b4d4a40d35996d375755f0e08\",\n \"shasum\": \"\"\n },\n \"require\": {\n \"php\": \"\u003e=5.5.9\",\n \"symfony/http-foundation\": \"~2.7|~3.0|~4.0|~5.0\",\n \"symfony/http-kernel\": \"~2.7|~3.0|~4.0|~5.0\"\n },\n \"require-dev\": {\n \"phpunit/phpunit\": \"^5.0 || ^4.8.10\",\n \"squizlabs/php_codesniffer\": \"^2.3\"\n },\n \"type\": \"library\",\n \"extra\": {\n \"branch-alias\": {\n \"dev-master\": \"1.2-dev\"\n }\n },\n \"autoload\": {\n \"psr-4\": {\n \"Asm89\\\\Stack\\\\\": \"src/Asm89/Stack/\"\n }\n },\n \"notification-url\": \"https://packagist.org/downloads/\",\n \"license\": [\n \"MIT\"\n ],\n \"authors\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Alexander\",\n \"email\": \"[email protected]\"\n }\n ],\n \"description\": \"Cross-origin resource sharing library and stack middleware\",\n \"homepage\": \"https://github.com/asm8. Check the build log for errors: ####SEE BELOW#### ERROR ERROR: build step 0 "gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud" failed: step exited with non-zero status: 1 Le full content of the log is too big (16k+ lines) for this site but it ends like this: Step #1 - "builder": Generating optimized autoload files Step #1 - "builder": > Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump Step #1 - "builder": > @php artisan package:discover --ansi Step #1 - "builder": Script @php artisan package:discover --ansi handling the post-autoload-dump event returned with error code 1 Step #1 - "builder": Step #1 - "builder": error: `composer_install` returned code: 1 Step #1 - "builder": Traceback (most recent call last): Step #1 - "builder": File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 174, in _run_module_as_main Step #1 - "builder": "__main__", fname, loader, pkg_name) Step #1 - "builder": File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 72, in _run_code Step #1 - "builder": exec code in run_globals Step #1 - "builder": File "/usr/local/bin/ftl.par/__main__.py", line 65, in <module> Step #1 - "builder": File "/usr/local/bin/ftl.par/__main__.py", line 57, in main Step #1 - "builder": File "/usr/local/bin/ftl.par/__main__/ftl/common/ftl_error.py", line 58, in UserErrorHandler Step #1 - "builder": IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '""/output' Finished Step #1 - "builder" ERROR ERROR: build step 1 "gcr.io/gae-runtimes/php72_app_builder:php72_20200412_7_2_29_RC00" failed: step exited with non-zero status: 1 My App.yaml file: service: heavnt-test runtime: php72 env_variables: ## Put production environment variables here. APP_KEY: base64:TRoTxS+x5PeiAOlwV/F1AwyfgV6y8mZloqGastMYylQ= APP_STORAGE: /tmp VIEW_COMPILED_PATH: /tmp SESSION_DRIVER: cookie APP_SERVICES_CACHE: /tmp/services.php APP_PACKAGES_CACHE: /tmp/packages.php APP_CONFIG_CACHE: /tmp/config.php APP_ROUTES_CACHE: /tmp/routes.php handlers: - url: /(.*\.(gif|png|jpg|css|js))$ static_files: public/\1 upload: public/.*\.(gif|png|jpg|css|js)$ - url: /.* secure: always redirect_http_response_code: 301 script: auto entrypoint: serve /public/index.php My Cloudbuild.yaml file: steps: - name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud" args: ["app", "deploy"] timeout: "1600s" I tried to check, using Github Desktop, the changes happening on my files when adding my composer package but there are so many files added and changed that I had no clue EDIT 18/05/2020: In the 16k+ lines log, I found this issue: Step #1 - "builder": INFO composer_install composer install --no-dev --no-progress --no-suggest --no-interaction Step #1 - "builder": INFO `composer_install` stdout: Step #1 - "builder": Step #1 - "builder": In PackageManifest.php line 177: Step #1 - "builder": Step #1 - "builder": The /workspace/bootstrap/cache directory must be present and writable. I am not sure how to figure out if this is the problem I am experiencing as everything works fine in local and used to work fine online. A: To investigate further I tried to deploy my app directly from my local setup (cloud app deploy), so without using my Github>GCloud Build bridge. It deployed like a charm so I tried accessing the docs package I initially wanted to add and as the static files in public/docs/ weren't served I added those lines to my app.yaml: - url: /docs static_dir: public/docs So, as far as I'm aware, this is the only lines I changed. To try, I committed this code (docs package+app.yaml lines) via my original process and it deployed perfectly (triggered multiple times to be sure). So to conclude, I have absolutely no idea how and why this happened and I truly hope it doesn't appear again. | Low | [
0.456692913385826,
29,
34.5
] |
Something in tree leads to full evacuation of Galena Park school Students and staff at Galena Park High School are returning to class Monday about hours after they were evacuated following the discovery of a suspicious package hanging in a tree on campus. The package was spotted tied about 9 a.m. tied in a tree at the school at 1000 Keene, said officials with Galena Park Schools District. The campus of 1,900 students was evacuated and the police bomb squad was called to the scene. Officers later determined the package was a box. It was empty. Galena Park ISD spokesman Jonathan Frey said that at about 9 a.m. Monday students were relocated from the building on to a soccer field. When the investigation took longer than anticipated and the outside temperature began to rise, students were dispersed to other district buildings. Officials said the campus was deemed safe and students and staff were allowed back into the building at about noon. | Mid | [
0.5818882466281311,
37.75,
27.125
] |
Due to its responsibility for overseeing the banking industry, the Financial Services Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives has become a cash cow that both political parties exploit for fundraising purposes, freshmen lawmakers included. With the committee charged with writing legislation that impacts banks, industry representatives enthusiastically contribute to House members to sway their decision-making and voting decisions. In fact, political action committees created by banking interests have doled out $9.4 million to Financial Services Committee members in the first six months of this year, which is more money than members of any other House committee have received from special interests. Banks are so willing to pony up sizeable contributions that House leaders over the past three decades have kept adding seats to the Financial Services Committee, expanding it from 44 members in 1980 to 61 members today. Both parties like to put newly elected members of Congress on the committee because they are considered more vulnerable in their reelection battles and need more campaign funds. Some of these first-term members of the House have demonstrated a real knack for pulling in the cash contributions. Representative Andy Barr (R-Kentucky) is only in his first year in office, and despite having little experience with Wall Street before going to Washington, was given a seat on the Financial Services Committee. Barr raised $150,000 in financial industry PAC donations during the first six months of this year—nearly as much money as veteran lawmakers like House Speaker John A. Boehner and other party leaders collected. Brad Miller, a North Carolina Democrat who served on the Financial Services Committee before he left Congress, said he witnessed intense pressure to dial-for-dollars from special interests. “Freshmen are pushed and pushed and pushed to raise money—it’s how they are judged by the leadership and the political establishment in Washington,” Miller, who joined the Financial Services Committee in 2003 as a freshman, told The New York Times. “It’s only natural that it has got to be on your mind that a vote one way or other is going to affect the ability to raise money.” In the House Democratic caucus, freshmen are urged by their leadership to spend up to four hours a day soliciting contributions from financial supporters. The pressure has worked, as each of the seven freshman Democrats on the committee raised more industry PAC money so far this year than the committee’s top Democrat, Representative Maxine Waters of California, who hasn’t gotten along with the industry. In spite of opposition from Waters and the Obama administration, each of the seven Democrats pursued the desire of Wall Street banks in weakening some of the most restrictive provisions of the 2010 Dodd-Frank regulations that were put in place to prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis and ensuing recession. Among GOP freshmen on the committee, Barr and Representatives Tom Cotton of Arkansas and Ann Wagner of Missouri have raised more money from industry PACs than many longtime committee members like Representative Spencer Bachus (R-Alabama), who served as the panel’s chairman until the end of last year. -Noel Brinkerhoff To Learn More: For Freshmen in the House, Seats of Plenty (by Eric Lipton, New York Times) House Freshmen on Financial Services Making Bank (by MJ Lee, Politico) Big Bank Lobbyists Help Write Bank Regulation Bills for Congress (by Matt Bewig, AllGov) | Mid | [
0.633484162895927,
35,
20.25
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Older children at the time of the Norwood operation have ongoing mortality vulnerability that continues after cavopulmonary connection. Delayed first-stage palliation of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related pathologies can be associated with poor outcomes because of development of progressive pulmonary vascular disease and volume load effects on the systemic ventricle and atrioventricular valve. We examine the current era's survival in this subgroup. Fifty-five infants older than 2 weeks underwent the Norwood operation (2003-2007). Separate competing risk analyses were performed to model outcomes (death and transition to the next stage) after the Norwood operation and after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection. Median age was 32 days (range, 15-118 days). Forty-seven percent had hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and 53% had other complex univentricular variants. Mean ascending aortic size was 4.4 ± 1.9 mm, 10% had impaired ventricular function, 11% had moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and 32% had restrictive pulmonary venous return. Pulmonary blood flow was established through an aortopulmonary shunt (n = 30) or Sano shunt (n = 25). After the Norwood operation, patients required longer ventilation and more oxygen and nitric oxide and had higher inotropic scores compared with those undergoing the traditional management protocol. Competing risks analysis showed that 2 years after the Norwood operation, 39% had died, and 57% underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary connection. Four years after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection, 15% had died, and 85% underwent the Fontan operation. Overall 3-year survival after the Norwood operation was 53%. Factors associated with mortality were age, lower weight at the time of the Norwood operation, impaired ventricular function, longer circulatory arrest, and lower pre-bidirectional cavopulmonary connection saturation. Children older than 2 weeks undergoing the Norwood operation frequently require postoperative pulmonary vasodilatation and high inotropic support. A significant hazard of death persists through all steps of multistage palliation. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and volume load effects, such as systemic ventricular impairment and atrioventricular valve regurgitation, are commonly evident in patients in whom treatment fails or who do not qualify to proceed to the next stage of palliation. Those patients should be closely monitored for timely referral for heart transplantation when indicated. | High | [
0.674384949348769,
29.125,
14.0625
] |
It is that time of year again, when the '30 Day Challenges' start popping up on Pinterest and Facebook and other social media platforms. Suddenly little groups are springing up to take the challenge. 'Zero to 100 pushups/pullups/squats in 30 days!' 'Nought to 5 minute plank/wall sit' etc. In fact those are probably the more conservative ones. I did a quick Google yesterday and found challenges going up to 250 reps in a month. No experience necessary. They look so tempting. Imagine being able to do 100 pushups in one set! That would be amazing particularly if you can only manage a couple now. And in only a month! It doesn't look too difficult either. You're starting with fewer than 10 and just adding a few reps every day. How hard can it be? Well the simple answer to 'how hard can it be?' is 'very'. In fact, 'impossible' would not be too much of an exaggeration. There is a notoriously difficult benchmark Crossfit WOD called Murph which involves 200 pushups and 300 squats, and I have never seen anyone do them in unbroken sets, and I know some extremely fit Crossfitters. Generally Murph only gets programmed in Crossfit boxes about once every six months. To be churning out that kind of volume of exercise everyday, particularly as a beginner is not just completely unrealistic, it is bordering on recklessly inviting injury. Quite apart from which, what would be the value in being able to do 250 reps of an exercise in one set anyway? You are building endurance, not strength, with high volumes, and I can't bring to mind any endurance squatting activities that I need to be participating in. Strength, on the other hand, or hams in this case, is never a weakness, as Mark Bell would say. Not that anyone is going to get anywhere near the end. In my experience (and yes, when I first started doing exercise I did try the 150 pushups in 30 days challenge, naively thinking it would be a good way of building my strength. It wasn't), all goes well enough for the first week or so while the numbers are still low and the progressions are manageable. Then sometime halfway into week 2, the daily increases start to really bite. You are piling on another 10, 15 reps every day where ten days ago you could only manage 5, and then around the beginning of week 3 it all grinds to a halt as your body simply cannot cope with the volume of work any more. and what happens then? At best: Disillusionment, disappointment and rather than blaming the flawed (that is a place holder word for the much stronger word I would rather use) programme, you blame yourself for failing. You have no gainz. You probably don't try another pushup/squat/wall sit again for a long time or perhaps ever because you suck at them. At worst: Injury Sooo... we don't like those 30 day challenges. This year, however, rather than just moan about them and roll my eyes and try and talk people out of them, I have decided to throw down a 30 day challenge on my Blog the way I think it ought to be done; the kind of challenge I would have benefited from when I was starting out. It should come as no surprise to anyone who knows me from the forum (or read the post title, even) that it is a squat challenge. I like squats. My children are always asking absurd questions like "If you could only have one drink for the rest of your life, what would it be?" I usually pretend I haven't heard them. But if I could only do one exercise for the rest of my life it would be the squat. If for no other reason that the main cause of elderly people having to give up independent living and move into care homes is because they can no longer use the toilet unassisted. They are unable to sit down and get up again. If you can squat, you can use the toilet until the day you shuffle off this mortal coil. (of course the irony of this statement is that the day after a heavy squat session, getting on and off the toilet is the one thing you can't do, but let us not dwell on all things lavatorial for now). It is aimed at beginners, so if you are back squatting 200kg or training for the Crossfit Open you're not going to get much benefit. Although I find, even though I have done tens of thousands of squats in the past few years, I find every time I go through the basics again I discover how my form has slipped into bad habits, and am better for the reset. The goal is to get from not squatting at all to being able to do a reasonable number of unassisted airsquats with proper form and depth. No massive volume. No weights. No one-legged balancing. The challenge runs for a month, starting Sunday and running up to the day before Valentine's Day, just in time for you to put that new found thigh strength and toned butt to... well, whatever purpose you like. There will be rest days, it's not going to be overwhelming, each week will be a progression, rather than more reps. It will not take more than 10 minutes a day, tops. The emphasis will be on getting the technique right and developing a daily routine that you can do going forward for the rest of your life, and still be able to get on and off the toilet when you're old(er). I'm posting this today to give y'all a day or two's notice. Tomorrow or Saturday I will put up another post eulogising about the benefits of the squat and looking at the mechanics of it, tackling some of the nonsense talked about the squat (you are not going to wreck your knees). Then on Sunday will post the first week's plan. Feel free to sign up in the comments section on the blog today or on Sunday as you prefer, or just follow anonymously if you prefer. It's free, obviously. It's going to be kinda epic. My blog is here. Don't bother reading the post today about the challenge as it is almost identical to what is written here. But do tune in on Saturday for the anatomy of the squat post ahead of starting Sunday. Woohoo! I have been thinking of you, Rig, as I have just joined my local gym (and no, this is not a typical January gym sign-up, it's because I'm struggling to run in miserable weather) and it is an old-school weightlifters' gym. Very basic, lots of huge sweaty grunting men (that's not why I thought of you!) and my, do they lift and squaaaaat. I will not squat in their company until I have tidied up my technique on your challenge. I’m in! I’m far too sporadic with my squats so this sounds perfect for making them a habit rather than a good intention. Might have to start late though as I can’t imagine I’ll be able to do anything - using the toilet included - in the immediate aftermath of Sunday’s HM. I will admit that squats are not my favourite exercise although I do them from time to time. It is almost a year now since I started to exercise more often than I had previously. I am a healthy 71-year-old with my weight around 10st 6lbs and MBI about 23. I have always gone long walks and cycled through the years, a little light jogging as well, I discovered Healthunlocked about 6 months ago and got to week 2 of Couch to 5K without any problems whatsoever, then I had some pains in my legs and groin and just resumed walking instead of running, come spring I may take up the running with Couch to 5k again. I can do 100 press ups but in reps of 10 with a 2-minute break in between, for example, I will do 10 pushups in about say 15 seconds, a 95 or 100-second break and another 10 pushups and so on until the 100 is reached, I could not do 100 all at the once, that is only for elite athletes. I also do the sit-up exercise as well, I managed 34 in a minute just today, I also have a pair of 5kilo kettlebells and do exercises with them, Of course, I enjoy reading all the stories from all you wonderful people doing the Couch to 5k program. | Mid | [
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/** * src/components/Container.jsx * Author: H.Alper Tuna <[email protected]> * Date: 16.09.2016 */ import React from 'react'; import PropTypes from 'prop-types'; import classnames from 'classnames'; import Container from '../containers/Container'; const Item = ({ id, icon, label, to, externalLink, hasSubMenu, active, hasActiveChild, subMenuVisibility, toggleSubMenu, activateMe, reduxStoreName, reduxUid, }, { classStore, LinkComponent, }) => ( <li className={classnames( classStore.classItem, active && classStore.classItemActive, hasActiveChild && classStore.classItemHasActiveChild, (hasSubMenu && subMenuVisibility) && classStore.classItemHasVisibleChild, )} > <LinkComponent className={classStore.classLink} classNameActive={classStore.classLinkActive} classNameHasActiveChild={classStore.classLinkHasActiveChild} active={active} hasActiveChild={hasActiveChild} id={id} to={to} label={label} externalLink={externalLink} hasSubMenu={hasSubMenu} toggleSubMenu={toggleSubMenu} activateMe={activateMe} > <i className={classnames(classStore.classIcon, classStore.iconNamePrefix + icon)} /> {label} {hasSubMenu && <i className={classnames( classStore.classStateIcon, classStore.iconNamePrefix + ( subMenuVisibility ? classStore.iconNameStateVisible : classStore.iconNameStateHidden ), )} />} </LinkComponent> {hasSubMenu && <Container itemId={id} visible={subMenuVisibility} reduxStoreName={reduxStoreName} reduxUid={reduxUid} />} </li> ); Item.defaultProps = { icon: '', label: '', to: null, externalLink: false, toggleSubMenu: null, }; Item.propTypes = { id: PropTypes.oneOfType([ PropTypes.number, PropTypes.string, ]).isRequired, icon: PropTypes.string, label: PropTypes.oneOfType([ PropTypes.element, PropTypes.array, PropTypes.string, ]), to: PropTypes.string, externalLink: PropTypes.bool, hasSubMenu: PropTypes.bool.isRequired, active: PropTypes.bool.isRequired, hasActiveChild: PropTypes.bool.isRequired, subMenuVisibility: PropTypes.bool.isRequired, toggleSubMenu: PropTypes.func, activateMe: PropTypes.func.isRequired, reduxStoreName: PropTypes.string.isRequired, reduxUid: PropTypes.number.isRequired, }; Item.contextTypes = { classStore: PropTypes.object.isRequired, LinkComponent: PropTypes.oneOfType([ PropTypes.element, PropTypes.func, ]).isRequired, }; export default Item; | Mid | [
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--- author: - 'Adam Ginsburg[[$^{1}$]{}]{}, W. M. Goss[[$^{2}$]{}]{}, Ciriaco Goddi[[$^{3}$]{}$^{,}$[$^{4}$]{}]{}, Roberto Galv[á]{}n-Madrid[[$^{5}$]{}]{}, James E. Dale[$^{6}$]{}, John Bally[[$^{7}$]{}]{}, Cara D. Battersby[[$^{8}$]{}]{}, Allison Youngblood[[$^{9}$]{}]{}, Ravi Sankrit[[$^{12}$]{}]{}, Rowan Smith[[$^{11}$]{}]{}, Jeremy Darling[$^{7}$]{}, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen[[$^{13}$]{}$^{,}$[$^{14}$]{}]{}, Hauyu Baobab Liu[[$^{1}$]{}]{}' date: 'Date: Time: ' title: 'Toward gas exhaustion in the W51 high-mass protoclusters' --- Introduction ============ [^1] The highest-mass clusters forming in our Galaxy have masses $M\gtrsim\textrm{few}\ee{4}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}[@Portegies-Zwart2010a]. These rare regions mark the high end of the protocluster mass function. Recent surveys have provided a complete census of all protoclusters in this high mass range [@Ginsburg2012a; @Urquhart2013b; @Urquhart2014b]. As the most massive and dense star-forming regions in the Galaxy, these locations provide an important local analogue to the early universe, where stars more commonly formed in clusters and generally formed in denser gas [@Kruijssen2012a; @Madau2014a]. In such environments, feedback from massive stars is an important factor. Most star formation within high-mass clusters is likely to occur after at least one high-mass star has ignited. Many open questions remain about the effects of this feedback, as the physical complexity of such regions renders them difficult to simulate. A crucial question is whether the clusters complete the star formation process by consuming most of their gas (exhaustion) or by removing it via feedback [expulsion; @Kruijssen2012b; @Longmore2014a; @Matzner2015a]. The balance between the two processes is expected to depend on the gas volume density because higher-density gas clumps are capable of evolving through a larger number of free-fall times before the gas supply is shut off by feedback, and thus higher-density clumps attain larger star formation efficiencies [@Kruijssen2012a]. This distinction therefore governs whether the forming stars will be observable as a bound cluster or an expanding OB association. When integrated over the density probability distribution function of the interstellar medium in a galaxy, this argument predicts that the fraction of star formation occurring in bound clusters increases with the gas pressure and surface density, as is indeed observed [@Goddard2010a; @Kruijssen2012a; @Adamo2015a]. W51 contains two of the best candidates for protoclusters that will experience gas exhaustion. This region is already extremely luminous both bolometrically and in the radio continuum. Of all the star forming regions included in the Red MSX Survey, which is complete to sources with infrared luminosity $L>10^4$ [$L_{\odot}$]{}, W51 is the most luminous [@Urquhart2014a] and among the closest at a parallax-measured distance of 5.41 kpc [@Sato2010a; @Xu2009a]. The total luminosity of the W51 protocluster complex has been estimated using IRAS and KAO, $L_{bol}\sim9.3\ee{6} (D/5.4\mathrm{kpc})^2$ [$L_{\odot}$]{}[@Harvey1986a; @Sievers1991a]. The pair of clusters in W51 providing this luminosity, W51 Main and W51 IRS2, each contain $\sim5\ee{4}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}of molecular gas [@Ginsburg2012a]. As one of the most luminous star-forming regions in our Galaxy, W51 has been well-studied in the radio and millimeter. Previous investigations have shown that the protoclusters within W51 contain many forming massive stars. Five high-mass protostars have been identified: W51 North, W51e8, W51e2w, W51e2e, W51e2nw, and W51d2 [@Zhang1997a; @Keto2008b; @Zapata2008a; @Zapata2009a; @Zapata2010a; @Shi2010b; @Shi2010a; @Surcis2012a; @Goddi2015a; @Goddi2016a]. Another handful have already reached the main sequence and are visible in the near infrared [@Goldader1994a; @Okumura2000a; @Kumar2004a; @Barbosa2008a; @Figueredo2008a]. W51 contains many distinct regions. These are classified as extended regions ($\sim10$ pc), ultracompact regions (’s; $r\sim0.1$ pc), or hypercompact regions [’s; $r<0.05$ pc @Kurtz2002a]. About ten regions, which are the youngest region class and likely contain accreting proto-OB stars [@Peters2010c], have been found in W51 [@Mehringer1994a]. However, the census of both massive stars and protostars in W51 is incomplete. We present observations of the inner few parsecs of the W51 protocluster forming region. We refer to the whole region, including W51 Main (which contains the W51e sources) and W51 IRS2 as ‘W51A’. There is a shell centered on W51 Main that has a particularly bright northwest edge that is known as W51 IRS1. Other names are explained when they are used. An overview of the nomenclature used, including labels, is in Figures \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\] and \[fig:coverview\_diffuse\]. In Section \[sec:observations\], we describe the observations and data reduction. Section \[sec:results\] presents the observational results, summarizing key features identified in the images and describing the point-source photometry (§\[sec:pointsources\]). Section \[sec:analysis\] provides analysis and interpretation of the observational results. Section \[sec:discussion\] discusses the implications of the observations. Section \[sec:conclusion\] states the conclusions. Finally, we include the following appendices: Appendix \[sec:appendix\_labels\] provides figures labeling named objects, \[sec:SEDs\] provides cutout images and SED plots for all point sources, \[sec:obsmeta\] includes tables of observational metadata, and \[sec:vfield\] shows the velocity field of the molecular gas. Observations {#sec:observations} ============ We used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) in multiple bands and configurations. The observations and resulting images are summarized in Table \[tab:observations\]. The complete observational metadata, including times of observation and program IDs, are in Table \[tab:obs\_meta\]. In project 12B-365, we observed in A-array in S and C bands (3 and 5 GHz, approximately) with 2 GHz total bandwidth. In project 13A-064, we observed in C-band in C (1h) and A (5h) arrays and in Ku-band in D (1h) and B (5h) arrays. We also include continuum data from project 12A-274 [@Goddi2015a; @Goddi2016a] covering the range 25-36 GHz using the JVLA B array configuration. Our spectral coverage included [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$1_{1,0}-1_{1,1}$]{}at 4.82966 GHz and [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}at 14.488 GHz with 0.3 [$^{-1}$]{}resolution and the radio recombination lines (RRLs) H77$\alpha$ (14.1286 GHz) and H110$\alpha$ (4.8741 GHz) at 1 [$^{-1}$]{}resolution. The H110$\alpha$ line had lower S/N than the H77$\alpha$ line but was otherwise similar; it is not discussed further in this paper. Data reduction was performed using CASA[^2] [@McMullin2007a]. The pipeline-calibrated products were used, then imaging was performed using CLEAN. For most images discussed here, we used uniform weighting. The reduction scripts are included in a repository <https://github.com/adamginsburg/w51evlareductionscripts>. ---------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------- --------------------------- --------------- ----------- \[tab:observations\] Epoch Frequency BMAJ BMIN BPA Noise Estimate Dynamic Range Jy-Kelvin $\mathrm{GHz}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\prime\prime}}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\prime\prime}}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\circ}}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ 2 2.5 0.54 0.53 -175 0.20 54 6.8 2 3.5 0.41 0.39 0 0.06 190 6.3 1 4.9 0.45 0.38 88 0.18 150 3 2 4.9 0.32 0.29 -84 0.04 320 5.6 3 4.9 0.33 0.26 68 0.06 200 5.9 3 5.5 0.29 0.22 80 0.03 420 6.4 2 5.9 0.27 0.23 -81 0.03 460 5.7 3 5.9 0.31 0.19 74 0.03 420 6 1 8.4 0.47 0.39 82 0.08 860 9.5 2 12.6 0.38 0.35 83 0.08 1200 5.7 2 13.4 0.34 0.33 14 0.05 1800 6 2 14.1 0.34 0.33 68 0.09 1200 5.6 1 22.5 0.32 0.29 -84 0.57 280 2.6 2 25.0 0.28 0.24 -4 0.64 300 2.8 2 27.0 0.25 0.22 56 1.13 140 3.1 2 29.0 0.23 0.21 63 1.32 86 3 2 33.0 0.21 0.18 54 1.11 130 2.9 2 36.0 0.18 0.17 74 1.23 72 3.1 ---------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------- --------------------------- --------------- ----------- Jy-Kelvin gives the conversion factor from Jy to Kelvin given the synthesized beam size and observation frequency. We did not achieve a thermal-noise-limited image in any of the 13A-064 data. For example, in the C-band A-array data, the thermal noise is $\sim5$ [$\mu\textrm{Jy}$]{}, while the achieved RMS is $\sim30-60$ [$\mu\textrm{Jy}$]{}depending on location in the image. There is a large amount of resolved-out structure in the images that hinders cleaning. The images are generally artifact-dominated at the low-signal end, where inadequately cleaned sidelobes of bright features provide significant non-gaussian noise. Some of these artifacts can be seen in the C-band image, Figure \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\] (or Figure \[fig:coverview\] without annotations). Despite the deficiency in the image quality, the new observations are $\sim5\times$ more sensitive than any previous observations. The new observations also cover a much broader range of frequencies than those performed previously with the VLA. Table \[tab:observations\] gives the estimated noise in each image and an estimate of the dynamic range, which is the peak intensity in the image divided by the noise measured in a signal-free region of the image. Figures \[fig:kuoverview\] and \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\] show the best-quality images in the Ku-band and C-band combining the short and long array configurations. These images were made from a combination of the full bandwidth in their respective bands. They were used in the figures in the main text of the paper and for source identification but not for photometry. Instead, for the 13A-064 data, individual 1 GHz bands including only the longer-baseline configuration were used to measure the intensity of the identified sources. For the spectral line analysis, we used the cubes listed in Table \[tab:cubes\]. For the Ku-band naturally-weighted cube, the noise is higher than in the robust-weighted cube because large angular scale artifacts are prevalent, especially at the image edges. In some figures, we show unsharp-masked versions of the data. These are equivalent to images made excluding short baselines, but we instead performed unsharp masking (subtracting a gaussian-smoothed version of the image from itself) in the image domain for computational convenience. ----------------------- ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------- -------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------- ----------- \[tab:cubes\] Cube ID Frequency Channel Width RMS RMS$_K$ BMAJ BMIN BPA Jy-Kelvin $\mathrm{GHz}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{K}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\prime\prime}}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\prime\prime}}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\circ}}$ 1-1 Uniform 4.829660 0.50 1.03 63 0.51 0.35 84 6.1 1-1 Natural 4.829660 0.50 0.56 1.6 1.06 0.81 52 2.9 H$77\alpha$ Briggs 0 14.128610 1.33 0.33 12 0.41 0.42 13 3.6 2-2 Natural 14.488479 0.50 1.28 7.6 1.13 0.87 57 5.9 2-2 Briggs 0 14.488479 0.50 0.50 17 0.43 0.42 20 3.3 ----------------------- ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------- -------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------- ----------- Jy-Kelvin gives the conversion factor from Jy to Kelvin given the synthesized beam size and observation frequency. Observational Results {#sec:results} ===================== We report seven distinct observational results: 1. Section \[sec:pointsources\]: The detection of new continuum sources, including hypercompact regions and probable colliding wind binaries. 2. Section \[sec:variability\]: The detection of variability in some of the faint point sources over a 20 year timescale. 3. Section \[sec:associations\]: The detection of radio continuum sources associated with near-infrared sources, most likely un-embedded O-stars. 4. Section \[sec:twotwoemission\]: The detection of [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{} [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission around sources e2, e8, and W51 North. 5. Section \[sec:LOSvelo\]: Measurements of line-of-sight velocities toward many ultracompact regions using H77$\alpha$ and/or [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}. 6. Section \[sec:diffuseemission\]: Detection of Orion-bar-like sharp edges to the W51 Main / W51 IRS1 region, most likely tracing photon-dominated regions (PDRs). 7. Section \[sec:lacyjet\]: Detection of a $\sim0.1$ pc ionized outflow in H77$\alpha$ that had previously been identified in mid-infrared ionized line emission. Continuum sources and photometry {#sec:pointsources} -------------------------------- We report new detections of several sources and concrete identifications of others that were detected in previous data sets but not reported. We follow the naming scheme introduced by @Mehringer1994a. For the compact ($r<1{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$) sources within 1 arcminute of W51e2, we use the name W51e followed by a number. We identify two new sources, e9 and e10, which were previously detected but never named. We split source e8 into a north and south component, plus a more extended molecular component e8mol. We also identify a molecular component between e1, e8, and e10: e10mol. The source positions and approximate radii for resolved continuum sources are shown in Figure \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\] and listed in Table \[tab:positions\]. The positions and radii are estimated by eye; they are not fits to the data. ------------------------------- ------------- ------------ ------------------------------ --------------- ----------- ---------------- \[tab:positions\] Source Name RA Dec Radius Phys. Radius SED Class Classification $\mathrm{{}^{\prime\prime}}$ $\mathrm{pc}$ Between 19:23:41.47 14:30:51.0 4.5 0.11 $E$ - G49.46-0.36 19:23:35.12 14:29:55.8 34.4 0.85 $E$ - G49.46-0.38 19:23:40.18 14:29:39.1 19.1 0.47 $E$ - W51 IRS 2 19:23:39.89 14:31:08.3 1.3 0.03 $E$ - W51 IRS 2 bubble 19:23:39.90 14:31:08.5 21.4 0.53 $E$ - W51 Main 40 kms RRL Shell 19:23:42.23 14:30:40.2 7.8 0.19 $E$ - W51 Main 65 kms RRL shell 19:23:42.55 14:30:43.1 10.8 0.27 $E$ - W51 Main Shell 19:23:44.68 14:30:23.5 41.5 1.03 $E$ - W51G 8 19:23:50.69 14:32:50.1 7.1 0.18 $E$ - arc 19:23:41.00 14:30:37.3 6.0 0.15 $E$ - d2 19:23:39.82 14:31:04.9 - - $b,d,n$ HCHII d3 19:23:35.87 14:31:27.9 1.9 0.05 $E$ UCHII d4e 19:23:39.64 14:31:30.6 - - $f,v$ cCWB d4w 19:23:39.60 14:31:30.4 - - $f$ cCWB d5 19:23:41.78 14:31:27.6 - - $w$ cCWB d6 19:23:41.24 14:31:11.6 - - $f,n$ cCWB d7 19:23:40.92 14:31:06.7 - - $f$ cCWB e1 19:23:43.78 14:30:26.1 0.7 0.02 $E$ UCHII e2 19:23:43.91 14:30:34.6 - - $a,d$ HCHII e3 19:23:43.84 14:30:24.7 - - $b,d$ HCHII e4 19:23:43.91 14:30:29.5 - - $b,d$ HCHII e5 19:23:41.86 14:30:56.8 - - $b,d$ HCHII e6 19:23:41.79 14:31:02.7 1.0 0.03 $E$ UCHII e7 19:23:44.79 14:29:11.3 1.8 0.04 $E$ UCHII e8n 19:23:43.91 14:30:28.2 - - $b/w$ HCHII e8s 19:23:43.91 14:30:27.9 - - $b$ HCHII e9 19:23:43.65 14:30:26.8 - - $c,f$ HCHII e10 19:23:43.96 14:30:27.0 - - $f$ HCHII e11 19:23:45.58 14:30:26.2 - - $b$ HCHII e11d 19:23:45.69 14:30:29.1 3.6 0.09 $E$ HII e12 19:23:42.86 14:30:30.4 - - $E$ - e13 19:23:42.81 14:30:36.9 - - $b,c,E$ cCWB/HII e14 19:23:42.61 14:30:42.1 - - $b,c,E$ cCWB/HII e15 19:23:38.65 14:30:05.7 - - $b,c,E$ UCHII e16 19:23:46.51 14:29:50.2 - - $E$ - e17 19:23:45.85 14:29:50.2 - - $E$ - e18 19:23:46.18 14:29:46.9 - - $E$ - e18d 19:23:46.18 14:29:44.0 3.2 0.08 $E$ HII e19 19:23:44.83 14:29:45.0 - - $E$ - e20 19:23:42.86 14:30:27.6 - - $E$ - e21 19:23:42.83 14:30:27.8 - - $E$ - e22 19:23:42.78 14:30:27.6 - - $E$ - e23 19:23:43.06 14:30:34.9 - - $E$ - ------------------------------- ------------- ------------ ------------------------------ --------------- ----------- ---------------- Objects with name e\#d are the diffuse counterparts to point sources. The absolute positional accuracy is $\sim0.2{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$. Sources with no radius are unresolved, with upper limits of 0.3(0.007 pc).Source names correspond to the labels in Figures \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\] and \[fig:coverview\_diffuse\].\ $a$: $\nu^2$ dependence\ $b$: $\nu^1$ dependence\ $c$: $\nu<5$ GHz excess or negative index\ $d$: $\nu>15$ GHz flat\ $f$: $\nu$-independent flat\ $E$: extended (photometry not trustworthy)\ $n$: near bright, extended emission (may affect photometry)\ $v$: Likely variable\ $w$: Too weak for SED classification\ \ HCHII: Hypercompact region\ UCHII: Ultracompact region\ HII: Extended region or part of a larger region\ cCWB: candidate colliding-wind binaries\ We include in this catalog any pointlike sources (at $\sim0.2-0.4{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$ resolution) with emission in two bands, Ku and C (14 and 5 GHz; Table \[tab:contsrcs\]). To identify point sources, we used uniformly-weighted images. These images exclude much of the extended emission, which makes point source detection more straightforward. There is some reason for concern about this approach, since it can make local peaks of the diffuse emission appear to be pointlike. However, for many of the faint and low-significance peaks, we have found clear near-infrared associations (Section \[sec:associations\]) and have detected the sources in multiple bands, suggesting that these point sources are real. The point source photometry data are in Table \[tab:contsrcs\]. The Epoch column describes the data source: Epoch 1 comes from @Mehringer1994a, Epoch 2 comes from 12A-274, 12B-365, or 13A-064 (mid 2012-early 2013), and Epoch 3 (C-band only) comes from 13A-064 in 2014. For the multi-configuration combined images, we list the date of the highest-resolution observations. Full details of the data provenance are given in Table \[tab:obs\_meta\]. There are two intensity columns in Table \[tab:contsrcs\]. The first shows the peak intensity within a circular aperture with a radius equal to the beam major FWHM. The second column, ‘Peak - Background’, shows the peak intensity minus the minimum intensity in a box $6\times6$ beam FWHMs. This background-subtracted intensity is meant to account for negative bowling that affects parts of the images; there are cases in which a bright point source is seen on a deeply negative background such that the measured peak intensity is near zero. When these two values agree, they are reliable, but when they differ significantly, they are probably affected by image reconstruction artifacts and the background-subtracted version is preferred. The RMS column gives the error measured in a signal-free region of the image. It is approximately the same as that shown in Table \[tab:observations\], though slightly different regions are used in each case. ------------------------- ------------- ------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- \[tab:contsrcs\] Object Epoch Obs. Date Peak $S_{\nu}$ Peak - Background RMS Frequency $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{GHz}$ d2 2 2012-10-16 5.5 7.7 0.2 2.5 d2 1 1993-03-16 10 10 0.5 22.5 d3-diffuse 1 1992-10-25 0.3 0.3 0.2 4.9 d3-diffuse 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 33.0 d4e 2 2013-03-02 1 1.3 0.1 12.6 d4w 2 2012-10-16 0.51 0.79 0.05 4.9 d4w 2 2012-06-21 1 4 1 27.0 d5 2 2012-10-16 -0.03 0.11 0.04 5.9 d6 2 2012-10-16 1 1.4 0.2 2.5 d6 1 1993-03-16 0.6 1.4 0.5 22.5 d7 3 2014-04-19 0.24 0.38 0.08 4.9 d7 2 2012-06-21 1 1 1 33.0 e1 2 2013-03-02 23 23 0.1 12.6 e10 2 2012-10-16 1.7 2 0.05 4.9 e10 2 2012-06-21 2 5 1 27.0 e11 2 2012-10-16 0.29 0.38 0.04 5.9 e12 2 2012-10-16 -0 0.9 0.2 2.5 e12 1 1993-03-16 0.2 1.2 0.5 22.5 e13 2 2012-10-16 0.76 0.97 0.05 4.9 e13 2 2012-06-21 1 3 1 33.0 e14 2 2013-03-02 1.6 1.2 0.1 12.6 e15 3 2014-04-19 0.35 0.35 0.08 4.9 e15 2 2012-06-21 5 7 1 27.0 e16 2 2012-10-16 0.05 0.14 0.04 5.9 e17 2 2012-10-16 0.1 0.5 0.2 2.5 e17 1 1993-03-16 - - 0.5 22.5 e18 3 2014-04-19 0.51 0.37 0.08 4.9 e18 2 2012-06-21 -0 1 1 33.0 e19 2 2013-03-02 1.3 1 0.1 12.6 e2 1 1992-10-25 14 14 0.2 4.9 e2 2 2012-06-21 1.6 1.7 1 27.0 e20 3 2014-04-19 0.26 0.38 0.05 5.9 e21 2 2012-10-16 0.5 1.4 0.2 2.5 e21 1 1993-03-16 0.4 1.1 0.5 22.5 e22 2 2012-10-16 0.12 0.33 0.05 4.9 e22 2 2012-06-21 0 2 1 33.0 e23 2 2013-03-02 0.5 0.4 0.1 12.6 e3 1 1992-10-25 8 7.9 0.2 4.9 e3 2 2012-06-21 8 11 1 27.0 e4 3 2014-04-19 4.3 4.6 0.05 5.9 e5 2 2012-10-16 0.1 4.1 0.2 2.5 e5 1 1993-03-16 15 17 0.5 22.5 e6 2 2012-10-16 2.5 2.6 0.05 4.9 e6 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 33.0 e7 2 2013-03-02 0 0.2 0.1 12.6 e8n 1 1992-10-25 1.5 1.5 0.2 4.9 e8n 2 2012-06-21 4 6 1 27.0 e8s 3 2014-04-19 1.1 1.3 0.05 5.9 e9 2 2012-10-16 2.6 3 0.2 2.5 e9 1 1993-03-16 0.3 2.4 0.5 22.5 ------------------------- ------------- ------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- An excerpt from the point source catalog. For the full catalog, see Table \[tab:contsrcs\_full\] ### Variability {#sec:variability} The multi-epoch data demonstrate that at least one of these sources is variable. The most convincing case for variability is in the (double) source d4. In the @Mehringer1994a data, there is no hint of emission at this location, with a 3-$\sigma$ upper limit of 0.6 mJy. At the same position and frequency in 2014, there is a $1.03 \pm 0.06$ mJy source at the position of d4e. ### Multi-wavelength Source Associations {#sec:associations} We compare our extracted source catalog with the MOXC Chandra X-ray catalog [@Townsley2014a] and the UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey [UGPS; @Lucas2008a] to identify sources that are detected at multiple wavelengths. The associations are listed in Table \[tab:associations\]. We discuss some individual source associations in more detail in this section. The absolute astrometric offsets in the Chandra catalogs are $<0.1{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$ [@Townsley2014a], and typical absolute astrometric errors in JVLA data[^3] are $\sim10\%$ of the beam, or in our case $\lesssim0.02-0.04{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$. Both lobes of the variable source d4 are 0.3from MOXC 192339.62+143130.3 and d6 is 0.3from MOXC 192341.23+143111.8 (0.3is about a full-width resolution element in the radio data, so this offset is highly significant). These separations may indicate that either the regions or the MOXC point sources are associated with diffuse material, e.g. outflows, near stars rather than the stars themselves. Candidate sources e20 and e22 are $<0.1$from MOXC 192342.86+143027.5 and 192342.77+143027.5, respectively. There are a handful of X-ray sources within W51 IRS2 that could be associated with faint radio sources that we are unable to detect against the bright diffuse background emission, but these X-ray sources could also be associated with outflowing material (e.g., the Lacy jet; see Section \[sec:lacyjet\]). The lack of correlation between X-ray and regions indicates that the embedded OB stars within these regions are at most weak X-ray emitters. We compared our point source catalog to the UKIDSS K-band and UWISH2 [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}images to search for infrared associations with our detected radio sources [@Lucas2008a; @Froebrich2011a]. Most of the W51e sources have no association, as is expected given the high extinction in this region ($A_V>100$, based on mm emission). We discuss the exceptions here. Diffuse source e7 to the south is associated with UGPS J192344.79+142911.2 [@Lucas2008a]. Three sources, e20, e21, and e22, have NIR K-band counterparts, though the UGPS cataloged positions do not align with the evident NIR K-band sources in the archive images. We nonetheless consider these sources to have infrared counterparts; likely adaptive optics imaging will be required to obtain reliable flux density measurements for these due to both point source and extended emission confusion in the region. Similarly, e5 exhibits some NIR K-band emission, though because it is diffuse, this emission is not cataloged in the UGPS. The source d7 is associated with a luminous infrared source, which is seen both in UKIDSS [@Lucas2008a] and NACO [@Figueredo2008a] images. However, the reported position of the near-infrared K-band @Goldader1994a source RS15 is 0.7away, even though in the UKIDSS images there is no detected emission at this position. Surprisingly, the associated MOXC Chandra source [@Townsley2014a] is more closely aligned with the offset RS15 position than the true source location in the NACO and UKIDSS images. High proper motion is unlikely to be the explanation for this discrepancy, since the source would have to be moving at $v\sim10^3$ [$^{-1}$]{}to have shifted 0.7in 30 years. Despite this confusion, we regard the NIR, X-ray, and radio features to have a common origin. [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission {#sec:twotwoemission} ---------------------------------------------------------- We detect [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission around W51e2, W51e8, in a region between e1, e8, and e10, and in W51 North. We report the tentative detection of an extended structure between e2 and e1, though this structure is weak and diffuse. The fitted emission line parameters are listed in Table \[tab:emission22\]. The emission is shown in Figures \[fig:w51northcore\], \[fig:w51mainemilabels\], and \[fig:w51mainemicontours\] and discussed in Section \[sec:h2coemission\]. -------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------- -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------- ------------------ \[tab:emission22\] Object Name Amplitude $E$(Amplitude) $V_{LSR}$ $E(V_{LSR})$ $\sigma_V$ $E(\sigma_V)$ $r_{eff}$ Detection Status $\mathrm{mJy}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ NorthCore 0.652 0.018 58.877 0.074 2.375 0.074 1.8 - e2-e8 bridge 0.369 0.022 56.554 0.07 1.0 0.07 1.4 - e2\_a 0.641 0.026 57.412 0.1 2.167 0.1 0.9 - e2\_b 1.085 0.035 56.083 0.097 2.605 0.097 0.9 - e2\_c 0.612 0.026 56.01 0.19 3.95 0.19 0.9 - e8mol 1.551 0.061 60.55 0.13 2.85 0.13 0.5 - e8mol\_ext 1.045 0.024 60.16 0.089 3.439 0.089 1.0 weak e10mol 0.999 0.039 58.01 0.21 4.69 0.21 0.5 - e10mol\_ext 0.813 0.018 58.507 0.094 3.593 0.094 1.1 weak -------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------- -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------- ------------------ Columns with $E$ denote the errors on the measured parameters. $\sigma_{V}$ is the 1-dimensional gaussian velocity dispersion. $r_{eff}$ is the effective aperture radius. Line-of-sight velocities {#sec:LOSvelo} ------------------------ We have detected H77$\alpha$ emission from many of the ultracompact and hypercompact regions within W51. We report their line-of-sight velocities as measured from gaussian profile fits to their extracted spectra. The H77$\alpha$ emission line parameters are listed in Table \[tab:h77a\], and the [$\textrm{p-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}absorption line parameters are in Table \[tab:absorption22\]. The [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}absorption lines provide velocities of foreground molecular gas. The e5 and e6 sources are close to one another (separation 3.1, or projected distance 0.08 pc), and both exhibit [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}absorption at 62-63 [$^{-1}$]{}. Source e6 is detected in H77$\alpha$ at 68 [$^{-1}$]{}, suggesting that the true velocity of both e5 and e6 are redshifted from the [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}absorption lines. ---------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------- -------------- ------------ --------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ \[tab:absorption22\] Object Name Amplitude $E$(Amplitude) $V_{LSR}$ $E(V_{LSR})$ $\sigma_V$ $E(\sigma_V)$ $r_{eff}$ Detection Status $\mathrm{mJy}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{{}^{\prime\prime}}$ e1 -2.922 0.034 62.531 0.078 5.81 0.078 0.6 ambig e2 -21.186 0.082 56.8728 0.009 2.0231 0.009 0.6 - e3 -2.57 0.1 64.26 0.11 2.35 0.11 0.4 - e5 -1.944 0.094 62.739 0.032 0.576 0.032 0.6 - e6 -0.598 0.015 63.771 0.061 2.149 0.061 1.8 - e9 -0.477 0.078 55.4 0.22 1.15 0.22 0.5 - e10 -0.63 0.1 66.74 0.21 1.1 0.21 0.5 - ---------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------- -------------- ------------ --------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ Columns with $E$ denote the errors on the measured parameters. $\sigma_{V}$ is the 1-dimensional gaussian velocity dispersion. $r_{eff}$ is the effective aperture radius. -------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------------ \[tab:h77a\] Object Name Amplitude $E$(Amplitude) $V_{LSR}$ $E(V_{LSR})$ $\sigma_V$ $E(\sigma_V)$ Detection Status $\mathrm{mJy}$ $\mathrm{mJy}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$ e1 3.0 0.2 54.87 0.85 10.9 0.85 - e2 0.6 0.13 56.0 3.8 15.3 3.8 - e3 1.48 0.33 59.8 2.7 10.5 2.7 - e4 0.56 0.39 57.2 4.4 5.4 4.4 - e5 0.25 0.18 52.6 4.7 5.8 4.7 weak e6 0.183 0.051 68.6 4.9 15.4 4.9 - e9 0.15 0.18 66.8 7.9 5.5 7.9 weak e10 0.27 0.2 51.2 9.8 11.6 9.8 weak -------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------------ Diffuse continuum emission features {#sec:diffuseemission} ----------------------------------- There are a few new notable continuum emission features detected in our data that were not detected in previous shallower data. Near source e11, there is a bow-shaped feature (Figure \[fig:e11bow\]). There are no known associated sources at other wavelengths, though in the Spitzer GLIMPSE [@Benjamin2003a] images, there is some diffuse emission at this location. The bow-like structure points away from e11, suggesting that e11 produces the bow-shaped nebula. The source d3 is an region with radius $r\sim1.9$. It is associated with a Spitzer source and the 2MASS source 2MASX J19233591+1431288. The sources d3, e1, e6, and e7 are compact but resolved (0.02-0.07 pc) and round; they are therefore classified as ultracompact regions. The diffuse emission associated with the W51 Main shell and W51 IRS1 traces a broad arc ($r\sim42{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$) that has been observed in many previous data sets. The new deeper, higher-resolution data represent a substantial improvement in image quality. While in previous observations a relatively smooth and clumpy structure was observed, the new images reveal a network of wispy, sharp-edged, filamentary structures. Figure \[fig:w51irs1\] shows W51 IRS1, the region between the W51e and W51 IRS2 clusters. While this area contains few clear individual sources, it accounts for the majority of the radio luminosity of the W51 Main region and somewhere between one quarter and one half the bolometric luminosity of the whole W51A complex. The filamentary structures in W51 IRS1 are unresolved along the short axis, with aspect ratios $>25$. These resemble the “stringlike ionized features” noted by @Yusef-Zadeh1990a [see <http://images.nrao.edu/402>] in Orion, which are associated primarily with the Orion Bar PDR and the nearby fainter PDR to the northeast. The similarity suggests that these features are PDRs, highlighting the sharp interaction points between the region and the surrounding molecular cloud. The two most prominent of these sharp features are on opposite sides of the W51 Peak (Figure \[fig:w51irs1\], blue arrows). The long vertical filament on the left (Filament A) approximately faces W51e, while the S-shaped filament on the right (Filament B) faces outward, away from the e1/e2 group and toward a region that contains no known OB stars. The presence of multiple PDR features raises questions about the ionizing source(s). In Orion, the Trapezium is 0.2 pc in projection from the Bar PDR. Filament A is 0.6 pc from the W51e cluster, which contains enough O-stars to illuminate the filaments, but there may not be a clear line-of-sight from those stars, which appear to be deeply embedded in molecular material, to the filament. These features therefore indicate the presence of additional OB stars that are obscured along our line-of-sight but that are not deeply embedded. Additionally, the W51 IRS1 ridge is detected in H77$\alpha$. Filament B peaks in the range 40-50 [$^{-1}$]{}. Filament A is the sharp edge feature spanning $v_{LSR}\sim38-48$ [$^{-1}$]{}. From Filament A, there is continuous H77$\alpha$ emission toward the northeast from 40 to 80 [$^{-1}$]{}that exhibits a gradient from blue to red from southeast to northwest. The H77$\alpha$ lines reveal two circular features (bubbles) that overlap along the line of sight but are distinct in velocity (Figure \[fig:rrl\_chan\_main\]). A smaller bubble at 40 [$^{-1}$]{}shows a velocity gradient orthogonal to the gradient seen next to filament A, increasing in velocity from southwest to northeast; this gradient may trace the edges of an expanding spherical shell. The large bubble is centered at about 65 [$^{-1}$]{}and shows no clear gradients (Figure \[fig:rrl\_chan\_main\], for labels see Figure \[fig:coverview\_diffuse\]). The W51 IRS1 region appears connected to the W51 IRS2 bubble in the continuum (Figure \[fig:w51irs1\] shows the apparently-connected region, Figure \[fig:w51irs2\] shows the IRS2 bubble), but the RRL emission peaks at around 75 [$^{-1}$]{}(Figure \[fig:rrl\_chan\_main\]). Along this region, there are weak ‘striations’ at PA 126 degrees, parallel to the cyan arrow in Figure \[fig:w51irs1\] and orthogonal to the direction toward IRS2. These striations may trace the outer edge of the expanding IRS2 region. There is also an arc to the southwest of this region that appears to be a bow shock from gas outflowing along the same axis; the cyan arrow points to this arc in Figure \[fig:w51irs1\]. The IRS2 region peaks in velocity around 62 [$^{-1}$]{}at the center, but exhibits a gradient from its center to its surroundings, with a more extended component peaking around 47 [$^{-1}$]{}. There is a shell around IRS2 with maximum projected radius 21(0.5 pc; Figures \[fig:w51irs2\] and \[fig:rrl\_chan\_irs2\]). A prominent sharp edge feature (blue arrow in Figure \[fig:w51irs2\]) extends to the northeast from the central cluster; it may trace the outflow of hot material from the cluster. Parts of the shell close to IRS2 are detected in radio recombination lines (H77$\alpha$), but the more distant regions marked in Figure \[fig:w51irs2\] with red arrows are not (they are too faint). The shell to the northwest peaks at $v_{lsr}=37.5$ [$^{-1}$]{}, and a gradient is observed from that shell to the peak velocity of IRS2 at $v_{lsr} = 62.6$ [$^{-1}$]{}. The velocity structure is inconsistent with spherical outflow but is consistent with a conical flow structure. This flow structure likely indicates that the cluster has evacuated a large cavity approximately toward the observer, consistent with the low observed extinction toward IRS2. The Lacy IRS2 ionized outflow {#sec:lacyjet} ----------------------------- @Lacy2007a reported the detection of very high velocity ionized gas in the mid-infrared \[Ne II\] 12.8[$\mu \textrm{m}$]{}and S IV 10.5[$\mu \textrm{m}$]{}lines. They observed the gas at a velocity blueshifted about 100 [$^{-1}$]{}from the IRS2 ionized and molecular gas velocity. We have detected the same feature in the H77$\alpha$ RRL. The RRL shows the same position-velocity structure as the infrared ionized features. No redshifted counterflow is detected (Figure \[fig:lacyjetslice\]). One minor but notable feature of the H77$\alpha$ flow is that the emission occurs close to the rest velocity of the He77$\alpha$ line. If @Lacy2007a had not already unambiguously identified the high velocity of this feature in two infrared lines, we would have assumed the detected emission to be slightly redshifted Helium, since He77$\alpha$ is detected at $v\sim60$ [$^{-1}$]{}in IRS2, rather than correctly identifying it as H77$\alpha$. [f15]{} [The ‘Lacy Jet’ as seen in H77$\alpha$ contours overlaid on (a) the 15 GHz continuum image (synthesized beam $\theta_{FWHM}\approx0.33{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$) and (b) the NACO K-band image [resolution $\approx0.2{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$ @Barbosa2008a]. The H77$\alpha$ contours are at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 Jy [$^{-1}$]{}, integrated over the velocity range -60 to -16 [$^{-1}$]{}.]{} [fig:lacyjetoverlay]{}[1]{}[3.5in]{} Analysis {#sec:analysis} ======== We use the data to examine the following properties of W51: - Section \[sec:stellarmass\]: Determination of the total stellar mass in W51 based on its infrared luminosity and a brief examination of the probable locations of the massive stars. - Section \[sec:contnature\]: Determination of the object type (e.g., stellar wind, photoionized HII region) associated with each detected continuum source. - Section \[sec:faintw51main\]: A brief discussion of the compact sources near W51 Main and their role in ionizing the W51 Main bubbles. - Section \[sec:faintw51irs2\]: A brief discussion of the IRS2 faint point sources. - Section \[sec:h2coemission\]: Examination of the [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{} [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}-detected hot cores, including upper limits on 4.829 GHz [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{} [$1_{1,0}-1_{1,1}$]{}emission. - Section \[sec:d4\]: Discussion of the d4 variable emission feature, concluding that it arises from a fast outflow interacting with the dense local ISM. - Section \[sec:vdisp\]: Measurements of the velocity dispersion within the e1 and e2 clusters based on their RRL and [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{} emission velocities, and a derivation of the gas-to-stellar mass ratio on this basis. - Section \[sec:irs2outflow\]: Constraints on the mass loss rate of the relatively low-extinction IRS2 region using RRL emission to constrain the mass and velocity of escaping material. The FIR-deduced stellar mass {#sec:stellarmass} ---------------------------- We have re-measured the infrared luminosity of the W51 protoclusters using Herschel Hi-Gal data [@Molinari2010a; @Traficante2011a; @Molinari2016a], fitting an SED from the 70 to 500 [$\mu \textrm{m}$]{}with a single blackbody component. While a single-component fit provides a poor measurement of the dust temperature - multiple temperature components are evident [@Sievers1991a] - it provides a good approximation to the total infrared luminosity, which is dominated by a single warm ($\sim60$ K) component. The infrared luminosity is about $L\sim2\ee{7}$ [$L_{\odot}$]{}within a 2 pc radius[^4], which includes both the W51 IRS2 and W51 Main protoclusters. The luminosity estimate does not include the mid-infrared luminosity, which may provide an additional $\sim25-50\%$ based on the IRAS 12 and 25 [$\mu \textrm{m}$]{}measurements. Our measured total luminosity is somewhat larger than the previous estimates based on IRAS and KAO measurements [@Harvey1986a; @Sievers1991a]. A luminosity $L=2.0\pm0.5\ee{7}$ [$L_{\odot}$]{}implies a stellar mass $M_{cl} = 6.7 \pm 2.3\ee{3}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}, with a corresponding number of O-stars (greater than 20 [$M_{\odot}$]{}) $N_{\rm O} = 19 \pm 6$, assuming a @Kroupa2001a IMF at the zero-age main sequence using @Vacca1996a stellar parameters. This estimate provides a lower limit on the present day O-star population, since some of the short-wavelength radiation (i.e., the NIR radiation) is able to escape rather than being reprocessed into the far infrared, which we have used to infer the luminosity. Of these expected $\sim20$ O-stars, six have been detected in the near infrared and spectroscopically confirmed. @Figueredo2008a found 4 exposed O-type stars and @Barbosa2008a found an additional two with strong infrared excess. None of these coincide with ultracompact or hypercompact regions, but all are in the bright and diffuse IRS2 region. @Mehringer1994a found an additional eight ultracompact and hypercompact regions, all of which appear to be B0 or earlier stars based on their radio-derived ionizing photon luminosity. The other $\sim$10-20 O-stars expected to have *already* formed given the observed total luminosity may be the hypercompact regions we have detected. However, it is difficult to explain the total luminosity of the region from hypercompact regions alone, since their emission is necessarily confined by optical depth to a small region, and they contribute minimally to the overall radio luminosity. The thermal radiation from the OB-stars in the diffuse regions may illuminate a large portion of the cloud and contribute substantially to the infrared luminosity. It is possible that the O-stars providing most of the observed reprocessed luminosity are near or within the “shell” structure of the W51 IRS1 region (Figure \[fig:coverview\_diffuse\], Section \[sec:diffuseemission\]). This region dominates the optical and radio luminosity of W51 Main (though it provides $\lesssim 1/4$ of the FIR luminosity) and is bright enough in near-infrared and radio continuum emission to make detection of point sources impossible, explaining why no O-stars have been previously confirmed. There are multiple overlapping bubbles in the W51 Main shell at different velocities (Figure \[fig:rrl\_chan\_main\]), suggesting that there are interacting and expanding bubbles, which in turn implies that there is a separation between the driving sources and the region of at least the bubble sizes, $\sim0.2-0.3$ pc. This scenario suggests the existence of a population of un-embedded O-stars spread between the W51 protoclusters. The nature of the continuum sources {#sec:contnature} ----------------------------------- Out of the 27 compact continuum sources reported, the majority that we could identify are ultra- or hyper-compact regions. The ultracompact regions are identified as resolved sources, with $r>0.005$ pc[^5]. The regions are more challenging to identify, as they are observed only as unresolved sources. Normally, these could be identified from their SEDs, which should follow an $\alpha=2$ Rayleigh-Jeans law up to some turnover point, above which they become optically thin and turn over to an $\alpha={-0.1}$ power law [@Wilson2009a]. However, the SEDs we observed do not exhibit such unambiguous behavior for any cases except e2. For the rest, we see $\alpha\approx1$ power laws at low frequencies (e.g., e4), negative power-laws at low frequencies (e.g., e9), or entirely flat SEDs (e.g., e10). SED classifications for other sources are given in Table \[tab:positions\], and plots of the SEDs can be seen in Appendix \[sec:SEDs\]. An SED with $\alpha\sim1$ or $\alpha\sim0$ can be explained by density gradients in the region [@Keto2008a; @Galvan-Madrid2009a; @Tanaka2016a]. However, a minimum at $\sim6$ GHz cannot. Additionally, an optically thick region that is just unresolved would have $S_{5 GHz} \sim 70$ mJy, so for the sources discussed in this section with $S_{5 GHz} < 1$ mJy, the upper limit on the source radius of an optically thick region with electron temperature $T_e=10^4$ K is $\lesssim160$ au. If any of these sources are regions, then, they are among the most compact of regions in the galaxy, and by extension must be extremely young or accretion-dominated [@Keto2003a; @Peters2010b]. It is unlikely to find a large population of very young O-stars at exactly coincident evolutionary stages distributed across a parsec-scale star-forming region, especially when the clustered groups of compact regions exhibit a significant size distribution from $r<0.005$ pc to $r\sim0.05$ pc. Additionally, most of the detected sources are not correlated with regions of high molecular gas density: they do not have a significant reservoir from which to accrete. We therefore discard the hypothesis that the faint sources are all extreme regions. Negative spectral indices at low frequencies are usually assumed to indicate synchrotron emission [@Wilson2009a; @Condon2007a], but young and forming stars and regions are generally not strong synchrotron emitters. However, colliding-wind binaries (CWBs) often exhibit nonthermal SEDs, likely caused by accelerated particles in the wind-wind collision zone [@De-Becker2013a]. Stellar winds around massive stars may also exhibit $\alpha<2$ power-laws, but they are not expected to deviate far from $\alpha\sim0.6-0.7$ [@Wright1975a; @Panagia1975b; @Reynolds1986a]. Radio jets are sometimes observed to have negative spectral indices [@Moscadelli2013a; @Moscadelli2016a], and they are often faint at distances comparable to W51, making them plausible candidates for the observed faint emission. However, previous radio jets have been identified by their association with [$\textrm{CH}_3\textrm{OH}$]{}or [H$_{2}$O]{}masers, and the faint continuum sources we discuss here do not have any associated masers. Absent any signs of ongoing accretion, jets are not the most likely source of the observed emission, but the current data cannot definitively rule them out. CWBs typically have radio luminosities $L_{rad}\sim10^{29}-10^{30}$ erg [$\mathrm{s}^{-1}$]{}[@De-Becker2013a]. At the distance of W51, this corresponds to 0.5-5 mJy at 5 GHz, so such binaries should be detected. By contrast, single star winds range from $L_{rad} \sim 10^{27}-10^{29}$ erg [$\mathrm{s}^{-1}$]{}, with only a few known in the high range [@Bieging1989a], so these are less likely to be detected. Both CWBs and radio-bright stellar wind sources should be bright in the optical and near-infrared, with stellar luminosities $10^5-10^6$ [$L_{\odot}$]{}. Much of the W51 protocluster region is obscured in the infrared by extinction from the Galactic plane and the W51 GMC, but in the near-IR an unextincted O9 star would have $m_K\sim10.5$ [@Pecaut2013a][^6], or $m_K\sim 13.0$ with Galactic disk line-of-sight extinction $A_K=2.6$ [@Goldader1994a]. Some of these stars therefore ought to be detected in the NIR; we report such detections in Table \[tab:associations\]. Based on these arguments, we have classified each detected compact source in Table \[tab:positions\]. We report 12 candidate CWBs throughout the observed region. These sources constitute a large fraction of the un-embedded O-star population discussed in Section \[sec:stellarmass\], and their presence confirms that un-embedded, main-sequence O-stars reside in the same cloud as the still-forming clusters. ### The faint radio continuum sources in W51 Main {#sec:faintw51main} The sources e20, e21, and e22 are likely members of a distributed O-star population, rather than members of the clusters of compact regions (Figure \[fig:w51e20cluster\]). They were detected by @Goldader1994a in the K-band at $m_K < 12$, making these the brightest NIR sources outside of W51 IRS2 (Table \[tab:associations\] gives their associated NIR source names from large surveys). Their luminosities suggest they are O-type stars. Since they were also detected in X-rays [@Townsley2014a], these are strong candidate CWBs. The high infrared K-band brightness and weak radio continuum from these sources, in contrast with the bright radio continuum and absence of infrared emission from e1/e2, supports this hypothesis. Assuming they are early O-stars, e20, e21, and e22 are capable of providing the ionizing and infrared luminosity observed from the W51 IRS1 region. Some questions about the continuum sources remain unanswered: How close are the e1/e2 and e20/e21/e22 clusters? They are separated by 0.36 pc in projection, but there is no direct information about the line-of-sight velocity of the e20 cluster. The other sources in this general area that do not have infrared counterparts, e12, e13, and e23, are also likely OB stars behind infrared dark clouds that obscure them in the near infrared. It is possible that all of the W51 IRS1 and W51 Main compact sources are within a common $\sim 0.5$ pc sphere. ### The faint radio continuum sources in W51 IRS2 {#sec:faintw51irs2} Of the compact radio sources identified near W51 IRS2, all but d2 have infrared associations (Table \[tab:associations\]). Four of them also have X-ray associations. Except for d3, which is associated with a moderately extended region, these are candidate CWBs. An alternate explanation for the SED, location, and variability of d4 is discussed in Section \[sec:d4\]. ---------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------- --------------- \[tab:associations\] Source Name X-ray NIR Goldader 1994 d3 - UGPSJ192335.88+143128.8 - d4e CXOJ192339.6+143130 UGPSJ192339.65+143130.9 - d4w (same as d4e) (same as d4e) - d5 - UGPSJ192341.77+143127.6 - d6 CXOJ192341.1+143110 UGPSJ192341.29+143111.8 - d7 CXOU192340.96+143106.7 UGPSJ192340.91+143106.7 RS15 e7 - UGPSJ192344.79+142911.2 - e14 - UGPSJ192342.60+143042.2 - e15 - UGPSJ192338.65+143005.8 - e20 CXOU192342.86+143027.5 UGPSJ192342.85+143027.7 RS7 e21 (same as e20) (same as e20) (same as e20) e22 CXOU192342.77+143027.5 UGPSJ192342.84+143027.5 RS8 ---------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------- --------------- [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}emission features {#sec:h2coemission} ---------------------------------------------- [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}is generally a good tracer of molecular gas, showing up at typical abundances $\sim10^{-9}$ [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}wherever CO is detected [e.g., @Mangum1993a]. The centimeter lines of [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}are often used to measure gas density when detected in absorption [e.g., @Ginsburg2011a; @Zeiger2010a]. [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$1_{1,0}-1_{1,1}$]{}and [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}are commonly observed in absorption but rarely in emission [e.g., @Mangum1993a; @Araya2007b]. The [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}line has been observed in emission in the starburst M82 [@Mangum2008a], behind the Orion nebula [@Evans1975a; @Kutner1976a; @Batrla1983a; @Johnston1983a; @Bastien1985a; @Wilson1989a], in $\rho$ Ophiucus B [@Loren1980a; @Loren1983a; @Martin-Pintado1983a; @Wadiak1985a], and in DR 21 [@Wilson1982a; @Johnston1984a]. However, the [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}line has so far only been observed in absorption at large distances ($d>2$ kpc) within the Galaxy. We have detected three regions of [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission in the W51 region, all corresponding to previously detected hot molecular cores [@Zhang1997a; @Shi2010a; @Shi2010b; @Goddi2015a; @Goddi2016a]. W51e2 is partially surrounded by a ‘halo’ of [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission to its northeast; the region itself shows only [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}absorption because the continuum source is bright (Figure \[fig:w51bridge22emispec\] and \[fig:w51mainemicontours\]). The [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}emission corresponds to the cores W51e2e and W51e2nw and the diffuse emission between them [@Goddi2016a; @Shi2010a]. The region W51e8 exhibits extended [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission, including a somewhat diffuse region between W51e4 and W51e1. Finally, in W51 IRS2, there is extended [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission between W51d1 and W51d2, adjacent to the [NH$_3$]{}masers observed by @Zhang1995a and more recently @Goddi2015a, and aligned with the @Zapata2010a W51 North Disk and thermal [NH$_3$]{}emission (Figure \[fig:w51northcore\]). In all cases, the emission is extended and spread smoothly over multiple velocity channels (Figures \[fig:w51bridge22emispec\], \[fig:w51e2emispec\], \[fig:w51e1emispec\]). It is therefore not maser emission. None of these regions are detected in [$1_{1,0}-1_{1,1}$]{}emission in our data. These nondetections are likely because our brightness sensitivity at C-band (4.9 GHz) is poor. The upper limit is $T_B<300$ K (Table \[tab:cubes\]), ruling out the presence of strong masers. Additionally, the foreground cloud is a much stronger absorber in the [$1_{1,0}-1_{1,1}$]{}than in the [$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}line, so any emission is likely to be obscured by foreground absorption. The W51e2, W51e8, and North cores share some properties but are not identical. All three exhibit peak [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}brightness temperatures $T\sim30-60$ K at 14.5 GHz. W51e8 has a brightness temperature and spatial extent similar to that of W51 North, though it is also connected with the e10 molecular emission and is morphologically more complex. W51e8 contains a hypercompact region, while W51 North does not. However, in W51 North, detection of a hypercompact region may be prevented by confusion with the nearby bright IRS2: it is therefore plausible that W51 North contains a similar continuum source to W51e8 ($S_\nu \sim 1$ mJy). Unlike W51e8 and North, W51e2 has a more extended morphology including the cores W51e2e and W51e2nw, and it includes the bright region e2w [@Shi2010a; @Goddi2016a]. We estimate the mass of the W51 North core in a few ways. A reasonable lower limit on the mass is given by assuming it has a volume density $n\gtrsim10^6$ [$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$]{}, which is required to detect it in emission in [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}[@Mangum1993a]. The core radius, as measured by fitting a 2D gaussian to its integrated intensity emission map, is $\sigma=0.9{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$ or 0.025 pc (FWHM=2.1, 0.056 pc). If we assume the core is spherically symmetric, the resulting mass is $M\gtrsim14{\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}\xspace}$. We compute the [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}column density using @Mangum2015a equation 100, with a measured integrated intensity of 55 mJy [$^{-1}$]{}or 65 K [$^{-1}$]{}given the $2\times1.5$source area. The inferred column of [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}, assuming LTE, is $\sim5\ee{15} - 5\ee{16}$ [$\textrm{cm}^{-2}$]{}, depending on the assumed kinetic temperature and excitation temperature (20-200 K). This [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}column implies an implausibly large mass ($M\sim5\ee{3}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}) for typical assumed abundances ($X_{{\ensuremath{\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}}\xspace}}\sim10^{-9}$), so we conclude that the [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}abundance must be 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than in the molecular cloud, with $X_{{\ensuremath{\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}}\xspace}}\sim3\ee{-7}$ providing a mass consistent with the density lower-limit based mass. For a reasonable range of ‘core’ masses, $20 {\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}\xspace}<M<110 {\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}\xspace}$, the implied abundance is $3\ee{-7} > X_{{\ensuremath{\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}}\xspace}} > 5\ee{-8}$. The source e8 similarly requires high abundance to explain its emission. While these inferred abundances are high, they are consistent with measurements of [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}abundance in the Orion Hot Core and Compact Ridge [@Mangum1993b]. The enhanced abundance is likely caused by radiation-driven desorption of [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}from dust grains [@Shalabiea1994a; @van-Dishoeck1998b]. The d4 variable source & [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}region {#sec:d4} --------------------------------------------------- The source d4e exhibits $\sim$20-year timescale variability. d4e has brightened from $<0.6$ mJy ($3\sigma$ upper limit) to $>1.0\pm0.06$ mJy. We consider a few possibilities for the origin of this variable emission: a protostellar jet, a stellar wind, ionized accretion onto a star, or a knot in a high-velocity outflow. While we cannot definitively rule out any of these scenarios, we favor the outflow-ISM interaction because it explains the coincidence of d4e and d4w with extended NIR [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}and \[Fe II\] and X-ray continuum emission. Protostellar jets exhibit radio emission that can be variable. Radio variability has been observed in nearby star forming regions [@Liu2014c; @Forbrich2013a] and associated with variability in accretion or jet related processes, but all sources seen in these regions are orders of magnitude fainter than d4e, so a jet from a low-mass star is unlikely to be responsible for the emission. Radio jets from high-mass stars, e.g., the W75N jet [@Carrasco-Gonzalez2015a], are also too faint: the expanding jet in W75N would have a flux density $S_{5 GHz} < 0.1$ mJy at the distance of W51. Nonetheless, jets are highly variable and may interact with a surrounding medium of dramatically different density in different regions, resulting in wildly different luminosities. We therefore cannot rule out the possibility that the emission comes from the formation of a jet, and it is even plausible that the d4 pair represents two opposing jets forming the base of a larger outflow structure. In keeping with the SED interpretation from Section \[sec:contnature\], it is possible that the d4 sources are massive stars with strong stellar winds. In this interpretation, the overlap with the NIR [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}and \[Fe II\] outflow emission [Figure \[fig:d4h2\] @Hodapp2002a] may either be pure coincidence, or the winds of the massive stars may be interacting directly with the outflow from IRS2. While it is highly unlikely that an outflow would impact these rare windy stars, the interaction would provide a natural explanation for the large line widths observed in the near infrared and for the presence of radio emission. However, the weakness of the NIR K-band detection ($m_K \sim 15$, and the emission is extended) suggests no massive stars are present. The radio emission could come from ionized jets or magnetospheric emission associated with accreting young stars. However, the brightest T Tauri stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) have $L_{rad}<10^{28}$ erg [$\mathrm{s}^{-1}$]{}, or a flux density $S_{5 GHz} < 0.1$ mJy [@Forbrich2013a; @Zapata2004a], so it is unlikely that these are accreting low- or intermediate- mass stars. These sources could be very compact regions, in which case their variability may be caused by variable accretion flow [@Peters2010c; @Galvan-Madrid2011d; @de-Pree2014a]. In this scenario, the source d4e was fainter 20 years ago because the accretion rate was higher, which meant that the region was smaller. The interaction between protostellar outflows and the ISM can result in radio and X-ray emission at great distances from the driving source [e.g., HH80/81 @Lopez-Santiago2013a; @Masque2015a]. There is a region of [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}emission, MHO 2419, coincident with d4 [Figure \[fig:d4h2\] @Hodapp2002a; @Froebrich2011a]. The [$\textrm{H}_{2}$]{}and \[Fe II\] emission come from bow shocks based on morphological and velocity structure in the @Hodapp2002a spectra, and these bow shocks point back to an origin in IRS2. The high velocity \[Fe II\] features ($\pm150$ [$^{-1}$]{}) are a strong indication that this is a bow shock from a high-velocity outflow. It is therefore possible that the d4 sources are emission features within the bow shock. The variability arises because the shocks are short-lived transient phenomena. The flux density of d4e and d4w is consistent with that observed in HH 80/81 [@Masque2015a] to within an order of magnitude, though d4 is more luminous. Given all of the observed coincident features, d4 is best explained as an outflow knot. The velocity dispersion in the W51e cluster {#sec:vdisp} ------------------------------------------- We detect H77$\alpha$ toward five of the eight hyper/ultra compact regions in the W51e1/e2 cluster; four of these five are firm detections, one is weak. We also determine a velocity from the [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}emission from e8mol and more uncertainly from e10mol. Although the molecular and ionized emission trace different processes, we treat the line-of-sight velocities of both tracers as though they are representative of the stellar velocity for this analysis. With such compact regions, the ionized gas is unlikely to be significantly shifted from the stellar velocity. The core emission is likely to be dominated by the densest component nearest the central accreting source. The resulting 1D velocity dispersion is $\sigma=2.0$ [$^{-1}$]{}if we exclude the uncertain sources e9 and e10mol; with e9 and e10mol included the dispersion increases to 3.6 [$^{-1}$]{}. This velocity dispersion is confined to $r<5.4{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$ or $r<0.13$ pc, though the (proto)stars are not symmetrically distributed. The more compact and round e1 subcluster, which contains the symmetrically-distributed sources e1, e3, e4, e9, e8mol and e10mol, has a velocity dispersion $\sigma=2.0$ [$^{-1}$]{}in $r=2.9$ (0.07 pc). If we assume all six sources in the e1 subcluster represent OB stars ($M>8{\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}\xspace}$) and the stellar masses are distributed according to a standard @Kroupa2001a mass function, the cluster should be star-dominated with a mass $M_{cluster}=600\pm170$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}. The stellar virial mass in the e1 subcluster implied by its velocity dispersion and radius is $M_{vir,*}=670$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}, given that (1) the stars are virialized, which is appropriate if the stellar mass is dominant [@Kruijssen2012b] and (2) the stars follow a @Plummer1911a profile [cf. @Portegies-Zwart2010a though the inferred mass is insensitive to the assumed radial profile]. The agreement between the luminous and virial masses hints that the e1 subcluster is stellar dominated, which can be checked independently by putting constraints on the gas mass. The lower limit on the gas density from detecting [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}in emission is $n>10^6$ [$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$]{}, which implies a gas mass $M_{gas} > 100$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}within the e1 subcluster. Overall, the observations of e1 are consistent with it being a stellar-dominated but nonetheless gas-rich ($M_{gas}/M_{*} > 0.15$) system. Given the mass of W51 Main and its $\sim10$ [$^{-1}$]{}escape velocity, all of these (proto)stars are bound to the overall cluster gas. In the innermost region, where the stellar mass is dominant, the stars are also likely to be bound to themselves. Constraints on the bulk outflow from IRS2 {#sec:irs2outflow} ----------------------------------------- In Section \[sec:diffuseemission\], we noted that the velocity structure of the RRL emission in W51 IRS2 is consistent with outflowing ionized gas. We use the RRL emission to constrain the ionized gas mass loss rate from this cluster. The outflowing ionized gas we observe is unbound from the system, moving at $\sim25$ [$^{-1}$]{}relative to the cluster rest velocity, which is greater than the escape velocity $v_{esc}\approx8$ [$^{-1}$]{}assuming $M_{cluster}=10^4$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}and $r_{\mathrm{protocluster~gas}}=1.5$ pc. The remaining ionized gas is bound to the system, with thermal line width $c_s\approx6.7$ [$^{-1}$]{}assuming $T_e=7.5\ee{4}$ K [@Ginsburg2015a]. We use Equation 14.28 of @Wilson2009a to determine the emission measure: $$EM = 5.2\ee{-4} \left(\frac{T_B}{\mathrm{K}}\right) \left(\frac{T_e}{\mathrm{K}}\right)^{3/2} \left(\frac{\Delta \nu}{\mathrm{kHz}}\right) \mathrm{cm}^{-6}\mathrm{~pc}$$ To estimate an upper limit on the outflow mass, we use the peak brightness in the shell at 37.5 [$^{-1}$]{}of $S_\nu=1.7$ mJy beam$^{-1}$ in a 10 [$^{-1}$]{}band ($T_B=60$ K; see Figure \[fig:rrl\_chan\_main\], panel 4) and assume it fills the entire shell with $r=0.25$ pc. The resulting emission measure is $EM\approx10^7$ cm$^{-6}$ pc, which for a shell with width 0.03 pc yields a density $n_e\approx2.4\ee{4}$ [$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$]{}and a mass $M_{shell}=3.5$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}. For a more conservative upper limit, we assume the entire surface area (a circle, rather than a shell) has the same emission measure, resulting in $M_{outflow}=12$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}. The shell has a velocity difference from the peak of the region emission $\Delta v=25$ [$^{-1}$]{}, which at its current radius translates to a time $t = r / \Delta v = 7.5$ kyr. The implied *upper limit* mass loss rate is $\dot{M} = 1.6\ee{3}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}Myr$^{-1}$, which gives an evaporation timescale for this $M>10^4$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}clump $t>6$ Myr. The free-fall time averaged over the full volume of the protocluster gas is $t_{ff} < 0.5$ Myr assuming $n=10^4$ [$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$]{}within $R=1.5$ pc, so the photoevaporation timescale is at least an order of magnitude longer. However, the molecular gas is centrally condensed (most of the volume has no molecular gas) and under pressure from an HII region, so the local gas density is likely to be much higher and the collapse timescale therefore shorter. Given the conservative assumptions adopted above, the true photoevaporative mass loss is likely an order of magnitude lower, suggesting that this mass loss mechanism is negligible at present. Discussion {#sec:discussion} ========== The massive stars and the clusters {#sec:mstarscluster} ---------------------------------- There are three distinct massive star populations identified in W51: W51 IRS2, W51e1/e2, and the new W51e20 group. The W51 IRS2 cluster is closer to exhausting its available gas reservoir than the W51e1/e2 cluster, since it is visible in the near-infrared. The presence of many stars with no ongoing accretion, along with the large volumes that are not occupied by dense gas, suggest the IRS2 cluster is older than W51e1/e2. The e1/e2 protocluster shows no signs of gas ejection, has no holes through which short-wavelength radiation is escaping, and contains no demonstrably non-accreting stars. Because they have no evident surrounding dense gas or suggestions of ongoing accretion, the W51e20 stars are likely the oldest in the W51A system. However, W51e20 and the related W51e candidate CWBs may constitute an unclustered population. The Chandra MOXC catalog [@Townsley2014a] reveals that the most evident cluster is W51 IRS2, and while there is a mild overdensity associated with the W51 Main region, it is more amorphous than centrally concentrated (Figure \[fig:moxconc\]). While it is possible that the e20 group will merge with the e1/e2 cluster, the later evolutionary stage of the e20 group (they are not embedded or accreting) suggests that they formed separately and in smaller groupings. The W51d CWB candidates, by contrast, are each isolated, and they are distributed around W51 IRS2 (Figures \[fig:w51irs2\], \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\]). These stars could therefore be runaways from the IRS2 cluster. Source d5 is the furthest of these in projection, so with a distance of 0.9 pc, its ejection time is $t = 0.08 \left({v_*}/{10 ~{\textrm{km~s}\ensuremath{^{-1}}\xspace}}\right)^{-1}$ Myr. The runaway scenario provides an alternate explanation for the observed SEDs (Appendix \[sec:SEDs\]): synchrotron emission from the wind-ISM bow shock might generate the detected emission. This scenario can be readily verified if high ($>10~{\textrm{km~s}\ensuremath{^{-1}}\xspace}$) line-of-sight velocities to the near-infrared-visible stars are measured. The future evolution of the W51 clusters and molecular cloud ------------------------------------------------------------ The W51 clusters are capable of reaching a high star formation efficiency, since the escape velocity from them is greater than the sound speed in ionized gas [@Matzner2002a; @Ginsburg2012a; @Bressert2012a; @Dale2014a] and the regions evidently leak optical photons, reducing the effectiveness of radiative and wind feedback. If they really are forming one or more young massive clusters, the gas within $\sim 1$ pc must be evacuated or exhausted to achieve a final appearance like that of NGC 3603 or Trumpler 14, our Galaxy’s prototypical young massive clusters. While the feedback from massive stars throughout W51 is intense, it is not halting star formation. There is evidence for ongoing star formation in both W51e1/e2 and IRS2 in the form of molecular cores (Section \[sec:h2coemission\]), ongoing accretion onto massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) like IRS2E [@Figueredo2008a], and the numerous regions that are likely to be accreting. In e1/e2, there is no sign that feedback has evacuated *any* gas yet, and the regions appear to be surrounded by molecular gas. In IRS2, accretion is ongoing despite much of its volume being evacuated of molecular gas. Ionizing photons are escaping the inner cluster and ionized gas is being driven out of the inner cluster where the stars are forming. However, the timescale for complete gas evacuation in IRS2 at the presently observed mass loss rate is ${>}10\times$ longer than the gas free-fall time on the $\sim1$ parsec scale of the clump, and the star-forming gas is much more concentrated than this parsec-scale average (Section \[sec:irs2outflow\]). Feedback is therefore progressing more slowly than star formation. The inefficiency of feedback in removing the star-forming gas supports the argument that the most massive clumps in the galaxy end their formation by exhausting their parent reservoir rather than by disrupting their parent cloud [@Kruijssen2012b; @Matzner2015a]. The coexistence of distributed and clustered populations over a fairly compact region affects how their feedback couples to the local cloud. Because these populations are nearly coeval and spatially coincident, the feedback from the OB star population onto the gas within $\lesssim5$ pc is not spherically symmetric as if it were injected from a single cluster. The distributed population will render the $\sim5$ pc-scale cloud more holey (porous) than would be implied by a smooth or even a very turbulent molecular cloud. These holes provide networks of low-density gaps through which radiation can escape, reducing the overall impact of radiative feedback on the cloud. Radiative escape helps explain why feedback has been inefficient at halting further star formation. We conclude that feedback only affects the low-density gas, while the high-density, star-forming gas is largely unaffected. ### Merging & age spread {#sec:merging} Given the high binding energy of the clusters and the proximity of many other stars, it is likely that some of the observed subclusters will merge. Merger or collapse of clusters is a requirement for the formation of massive clusters in the Galactic center and disk [@Walker2015a; @Walker2016a], so it is reasonable to expect similar dynamic evolution here as well. If any of the observed subclusters merge (e.g., e1/e2 with e20-e22 or with IRS2), the resulting cluster will have an age spread greater than the present age spread. If we assume the e20 cluster is responsible for driving the nearest part of the W51 Main shell (W51 IRS1) at a separation of 0.35 parsecs with a D-type ionization front at $v\sim2$ [$^{-1}$]{}, we derive a lower limit on its age $t_{e20} > 0.17$ Myr. This lower limit is comparable to the gas free fall time in the cluster and is still consistent with the most accurate stellar age spread estimates available from photometry of young clusters [e.g., @Kudryavtseva2012a]. If instead e20-e22 are part of a distributed population that will not merge with e1/e2, the W51 protoclusters are embedded within an OB association. The OB association will dissolve over a few Myr while the clusters will survive. However, before this happens, the OB association is likely to shut off accretion onto the protoclusters. The radiative feedback from the OB association can readily ionize the lower-density molecular gas in the outskirts of the clusters. In this way, the cluster’s final mass would be externally feedback regulated rather than, or perhaps in addition to, being self-regulated. ### Final mass The present stellar mass as inferred from the infrared luminosity (Section \[sec:stellarmass\]) is a lower limit on the final mass of the clusters, i.e., the mass after the remaining gas has either been converted to stars or ejected from the system. The final mass of the combined clusters will be at least $\gtrsim7\ee{3} + 5\ee{4} \eta$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}, where $5\ee{4}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}is the approximate dense gas mass within $\sim2.5$ pc and $\eta$ is a star formation efficiency, likely to be at least 10% in the dense gas, so the stellar $M_{final} > 1.2\ee{4}$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}. This is a conservative lower limit, as it may miss a substantial population of stars whose luminosity is not reprocessed into the infrared and it uses conservatively low estimates for the gas mass and the star formation efficiency. ### Cloud-scale feedback Since the free-fall time is short within these clusters ($t_{ff} < 0.5$ Myr out to 2.5 pc containing 5 [$M_{\odot}$]{}of gas, i.e. the region containing both clusters), supernovae are not likely to affect their formation. However, once the clusters have exhausted gas locally, they will remain in the cloud long enough for the stars to evolve and die. Exhaustion and porosity also provide a relatively free line-of-sight from the clusters to the rest of the cloud. The binding energy of a $10^6$ [$M_{\odot}$]{}, $r=50$ pc molecular cloud is only about $10^{51}$ ergs, so a single supernova perfectly coupled to the gas could unbind it all [though typical energy delivered to molecular clouds is lower, $\sim0.01-0.25$; see references in @Kruijssen2012a appendix B]. The $\sim20$ O-stars presently formed, plus at least that many expected to form, could provide enough energy to unbind the whole W51 GMC in a few Myr. However, the location of the clusters on the outskirts of the GMC imply a substantially lower coupling factor, suggesting instead that supernovae will only partially disrupt the cloud. ### Evidence against triggering The star formation ongoing within this cloud shows no signs of having been triggered by expanding regions, though there are multiple generations separated by temporal and spatial scales that might otherwise suggest a typical expanding--region-driven triggering scenario. The main regions of ongoing star formation at present are W51e1/e2 and IRS2. However, the most evident region of feedback is the W51 Main Shell, especially W51 IRS1 (Figure \[fig:coverview\_diffuse\]). Throughout the W51 Main Shell, there is no sign of any excess of newly formed protostars (Figure \[fig:moxconc\]) and there is a clear deficit of molecular gas in W51 IRS1 as traced by [$\textrm{C}^{18}\textrm{O}$]{}[Figure \[fig:contonco\]; @Parsons2012a]. Where there is the strongest evidence of interacting and colliding region shells (Figure \[fig:rrl\_chan\_main\] as discussed in Section \[sec:diffuseemission\]), no sign of ongoing star formation is observed. Conclusions {#sec:conclusion} =========== We present deep, high-resolution radio continuum images in many low-frequency bands and H$77\alpha$ and [$\textrm{o-H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}spectral line cubes from the Jansky Very Large Array with angular resolution $0.3$to $0.5$. These observations have revealed many intriguing features of the W51 protocluster that together suggest that thermal and radiative feedback from massive stars is ineffective at halting star formation in massive protoclusters, similar to what has been concluded in other high-mass protoclusters [@Ginsburg2012a; @Galvan-Madrid2013a e.g.]. These observations support theoretical models that require ineffective feedback as a necessary step in the formation of gravitationally bound stellar clusters. - Using the H$77\alpha$ emission and [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}emission and absorption line information, we have measured the velocity dispersion of the W51 e1 protocluster $\sigma_v=2.0$ [$^{-1}$]{}. Although this cluster consists of hypercompact and ultracompact regions, indicating that it is extremely gas-rich, the velocity dispersion implies a stellar virial mass that is consistent with an extrapolated IMF stellar mass, suggesting that the innermost cluster ($r<0.07$ pc) is already dynamically star-dominated. - The SEDs of the point sources detected throughout the W51A region have peculiar shapes. Most of them exhibit an excess at low frequencies ($<5$ GHz) that renders their overall SED shape inconsistent with either an optically thick or thin free-free spectrum. These sources are likely to be colliding wind binaries, exhibiting a combination of free-free and synchrotron emission. - We detected radio recombination line (H77$\alpha$) emission throughout W51. The RRLs trace a number of overlapping bubbles toward the W51 IRS1 emission peak and show that the IRS2 region has excavated a cavity along our line of sight. - The @Lacy2007a high-velocity ionized jet is detected in H77$\alpha$ at velocities consistent with the \[Ne II\] observations. The jet remains mysterious as there is still no direct information about what drives it. - We have detected the three massive cores from @Zhang1997a in [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}emission. For W51 North, we evaluated the mass and derived a lower limit $M>15 {\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}\xspace}$, though it is likely to be significantly higher. The [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}abundance in these cores is enhanced compared to the surrounding molecular cloud by at least 100$\times$, with $X_{{\ensuremath{\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}}\xspace}} \sim 10^{-7}$, similar to the Orion BN/KL hot core [@Mangum1993b]. In the W51e8 molecular core, we have found a compact continuum source, indicating unambiguously that these cores are forming massive stars. - Because of its association with high-mass protostellar cores, the [$\textrm{H}_2\textrm{CO}$]{}[$2_{1,1}-2_{1,2}$]{}14.488 GHz transition is a good tracer of early-stage massive star formation. Formaldehyde is apparently enhanced in abundance by 2-3 orders of magnitude over ISM values in high-mass protostellar cores, allowing it to be detected in emission at long wavelengths. This transition will be a powerful tool for studying the earliest stagest of high-mass star formation throughout the Galaxy with the Next Generation VLA or a Square Kilometer Array. Ongoing JVLA surveys (e.g., KuGARS, PI Thompson, <http://library.nrao.edu/proposals/catalog/10267>) may detect a significant additional population of proto-O-stars. - The W51e1/e2 and IRS2 protoclusters appear to be high-mass clusters forming within a larger OB association. The coexistence of the distributed and clustered OB-star populations suggests that *external* feedback may be partly responsible for halting protocluster feeding. - The weak outflow from IRS2 and ongoing accretion in IRS2 and e1/e2 suggest that gas exhaustion is a more important mechanism than expulsion in halting cluster growth. Recent theoretical models predict gas exhaustion to be a necessary step in the formation of gravitationally bound stellar clusters [e.g., @Kruijssen2012a] and our results provide evidence of this process in action. These results show that even the low-pressure interstellar medium of the Milky Way can reach densities high enough for gravitational collapse to form clusters on $<$Myr timescales, rendering stellar feedback ineffective. Future observational studies aiming to understand the formation of massive stellar clusters should target regions with properties similar to W51, where gas exhaustion may be prevalent and the conditions therefore enable gravitationally bound clusters to form. **Acknowledgements**: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. 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P. 1995, , 450, L63 —. 1997, , 488, 241 Figures labeling point sources and diffuse regions {#sec:appendix_labels} ================================================== We include additional versions of Figure \[fig:coverview\] with labels for the compact (Figure \[fig:coverview\_pointsrcs\]) and extended (Figure \[fig:coverview\_diffuse\]) regions. ------------------------------- ------------- ------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- \[tab:contsrcs\_full\] Object Epoch Obs. Date Peak $S_{\nu}$ Peak - Background RMS Frequency $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{mJy\,beam^{-1}}$ $\mathrm{GHz}$ d2 2 2012-10-16 5.5 7.7 0.2 2.5 d2 2 2012-10-16 4.4 6.3 0.06 3.5 d2 1 1992-10-25 10 8.7 0.2 4.9 d2 2 2012-10-16 6 6.4 0.05 4.9 d2 3 2014-04-19 6.5 6.2 0.08 4.9 d2 2 2012-10-16 3.5 4.6 0.04 5.9 d2 3 2014-04-19 4.8 4.8 0.05 5.9 d2 1 1992-10-25 15 13 0.06 8.4 d2 2 2013-03-02 18 17 0.1 12.6 d2 2 2013-03-02 18 17 0.09 14.1 d2 1 1993-03-16 10 10 0.5 22.5 d2 2 2012-05-31 28 30 0.8 25.0 d2 2 2012-06-21 26 28 1 27.0 d2 2 2012-08-07 22 24 2 29.0 d2 2 2012-06-21 26 27 1 33.0 d2 2 2012-08-07 29 32 1 36.0 d3-diffuse 2 2012-10-16 0.4 0.4 0.2 2.5 d3-diffuse 2 2012-10-16 0.07 0.19 0.06 3.5 d3-diffuse 3 2014-04-19 0.19 0.17 0.08 4.9 d3-diffuse 2 2012-10-16 0.03 0.08 0.05 4.9 d3-diffuse 1 1992-10-25 0.3 0.3 0.2 4.9 d3-diffuse 2 2012-10-16 0.04 0.08 0.04 5.9 d3-diffuse 3 2014-04-19 0.03 0.1 0.05 5.9 d3-diffuse 1 1992-10-25 0.47 0.37 0.06 8.4 d3-diffuse 2 2013-03-02 0.4 0.4 0.1 12.6 d3-diffuse 2 2013-03-02 0.12 0.19 0.09 14.1 d3-diffuse 1 1993-03-16 - - 0.5 22.5 d3-diffuse 2 2012-05-31 - - 0.8 25.0 d3-diffuse 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 27.0 d3-diffuse 2 2012-08-07 - - 2 29.0 d3-diffuse 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 33.0 d3-diffuse 2 2012-08-07 - - 1 36.0 d4e 2 2012-10-16 1.1 1.3 0.2 2.5 d4e 2 2012-10-16 0.91 1.2 0.06 3.5 d4e 3 2014-04-19 0.85 1 0.08 4.9 d4e 1 1992-10-25 -0.1 0.5 0.2 4.9 d4e 2 2012-10-16 0.79 1.1 0.05 4.9 d4e 3 2014-04-19 0.62 0.75 0.05 5.9 d4e 2 2012-10-16 0.7 0.91 0.04 5.9 d4e 1 1992-10-25 0.23 0.21 0.06 8.4 d4e 2 2013-03-02 1 1.3 0.1 12.6 d4e 2 2013-03-02 0.95 1.2 0.09 14.1 d4e 1 1993-03-16 -0.4 0.7 0.5 22.5 d4e 2 2012-05-31 0.5 3 0.8 25.0 d4e 2 2012-06-21 1 3 1 27.0 d4e 2 2012-08-07 1 5 2 29.0 d4e 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 33.0 d4e 2 2012-08-07 - - 1 36.0 d4w 2 2012-10-16 1.1 1.3 0.2 2.5 d4w 2 2012-10-16 0.91 1.2 0.06 3.5 d4w 2 2012-10-16 0.51 0.79 0.05 4.9 d4w 1 1992-10-25 0.1 0.6 0.2 4.9 d4w 3 2014-04-19 0.6 0.77 0.08 4.9 d4w 2 2012-10-16 0.45 0.66 0.04 5.9 d4w 3 2014-04-19 0.4 0.53 0.05 5.9 d4w 1 1992-10-25 0.2 0.17 0.06 8.4 d4w 2 2013-03-02 0.9 1.2 0.1 12.6 d4w 2 2013-03-02 0.67 0.91 0.09 14.1 d4w 1 1993-03-16 -0.3 1 0.5 22.5 d4w 2 2012-05-31 0 1.9 0.8 25.0 d4w 2 2012-06-21 1 4 1 27.0 d4w 2 2012-08-07 1 5 2 29.0 d4w 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 33.0 d4w 2 2012-08-07 - - 1 36.0 d5 2 2012-10-16 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.5 d5 2 2012-10-16 0.04 0.24 0.06 3.5 d5 1 1992-10-25 -0 0.5 0.2 4.9 d5 3 2014-04-19 0.01 0.11 0.08 4.9 d5 2 2012-10-16 0.03 0.09 0.05 4.9 d5 3 2014-04-19 0.04 0.09 0.05 5.9 d5 2 2012-10-16 -0.03 0.11 0.04 5.9 d5 1 1992-10-25 0.1 0.14 0.06 8.4 d5 2 2013-03-02 0.1 0.5 0.1 12.6 d5 2 2013-03-02 0.3 0.54 0.09 14.1 d5 1 1993-03-16 0.7 1.5 0.5 22.5 d5 2 2012-05-31 1.7 2.3 0.8 25.0 d5 2 2012-06-21 1 3 1 27.0 d5 2 2012-08-07 0 3 2 29.0 d5 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 33.0 d5 2 2012-08-07 2 4 1 36.0 d6 2 2012-10-16 1 1.4 0.2 2.5 d6 2 2012-10-16 0.2 0.6 0.06 3.5 d6 3 2014-04-19 0.42 0.47 0.08 4.9 d6 1 1992-10-25 0.6 0.8 0.2 4.9 d6 2 2012-10-16 0.34 0.54 0.05 4.9 d6 2 2012-10-16 0.33 0.47 0.04 5.9 d6 3 2014-04-19 0.38 0.43 0.05 5.9 d6 1 1992-10-25 0.78 0.47 0.06 8.4 d6 2 2013-03-02 0.3 0.7 0.1 12.6 d6 2 2013-03-02 0.34 0.59 0.09 14.1 d6 1 1993-03-16 0.6 1.4 0.5 22.5 d6 2 2012-05-31 0.2 0.8 0.8 25.0 d6 2 2012-06-21 -0 2 1 27.0 d6 2 2012-08-07 -0 2 2 29.0 d6 2 2012-06-21 -1 1 1 33.0 d6 2 2012-08-07 0 2 1 36.0 d7 2 2012-10-16 0.4 0.9 0.2 2.5 d7 2 2012-10-16 0.22 0.7 0.06 3.5 d7 1 1992-10-25 0.7 1 0.2 4.9 d7 2 2012-10-16 0.14 0.33 0.05 4.9 d7 3 2014-04-19 0.24 0.38 0.08 4.9 d7 2 2012-10-16 0.16 0.27 0.04 5.9 d7 3 2014-04-19 0.21 0.29 0.05 5.9 d7 1 1992-10-25 0.71 0.55 0.06 8.4 d7 2 2013-03-02 0.3 0.6 0.1 12.6 d7 2 2013-03-02 0.46 0.61 0.09 14.1 d7 1 1993-03-16 -0 1 0.5 22.5 d7 2 2012-05-31 0.1 1.3 0.8 25.0 d7 2 2012-06-21 0 1 1 27.0 d7 2 2012-08-07 2 2 2 29.0 d7 2 2012-06-21 1 1 1 33.0 d7 2 2012-08-07 1 2 1 36.0 e1 2 2012-10-16 11 11 0.2 2.5 e1 2 2012-10-16 11 11 0.06 3.5 e1 2 2012-10-16 10 11 0.05 4.9 e1 3 2014-04-19 8.3 8.6 0.08 4.9 e1 1 1992-10-25 16 16 0.2 4.9 e1 3 2014-04-19 7.2 7.5 0.05 5.9 e1 2 2012-10-16 8.2 8.2 0.04 5.9 e1 1 1992-10-25 20 20 0.06 8.4 e1 2 2013-03-02 23 23 0.1 12.6 e1 2 2013-03-02 19 19 0.09 14.1 e1 1 1993-03-16 12 14 0.5 22.5 e1 2 2012-05-31 13 14 0.8 25.0 e1 2 2012-06-21 8 11 1 27.0 e1 2 2012-08-07 5 8 2 29.0 e1 2 2012-06-21 7 9 1 33.0 e1 2 2012-08-07 4 7 1 36.0 e10 2 2012-10-16 1.8 1.8 0.2 2.5 e10 2 2012-10-16 1.6 1.9 0.06 3.5 e10 2 2012-10-16 1.7 2 0.05 4.9 e10 1 1992-10-25 2.2 2.3 0.2 4.9 e10 3 2014-04-19 1.5 1.7 0.08 4.9 e10 3 2014-04-19 1.3 1.5 0.05 5.9 e10 2 2012-10-16 1.5 1.7 0.04 5.9 e10 1 1992-10-25 1.4 1.1 0.06 8.4 e10 2 2013-03-02 2.1 2.4 0.1 12.6 e10 2 2013-03-02 1.7 2 0.09 14.1 e10 1 1993-03-16 0.8 2.4 0.5 22.5 e10 2 2012-05-31 1.7 2.8 0.8 25.0 e10 2 2012-06-21 2 5 1 27.0 e10 2 2012-08-07 1 3 2 29.0 e10 2 2012-06-21 3 7 1 33.0 e10 2 2012-08-07 1 6 1 36.0 e11 2 2012-10-16 0.1 0.4 0.2 2.5 e11 2 2012-10-16 0.17 0.25 0.06 3.5 e11 1 1992-10-25 0.5 0.8 0.2 4.9 e11 3 2014-04-19 0.24 0.28 0.08 4.9 e11 2 2012-10-16 0.25 0.35 0.05 4.9 e11 3 2014-04-19 0.28 0.35 0.05 5.9 e11 2 2012-10-16 0.29 0.38 0.04 5.9 e11 1 1992-10-25 0.37 0.32 0.06 8.4 e11 2 2013-03-02 0.5 0.8 0.1 12.6 e11 2 2013-03-02 0.55 0.63 0.09 14.1 e11 1 1993-03-16 0.3 0.9 0.5 22.5 e11 2 2012-05-31 0.7 1.6 0.8 25.0 e11 2 2012-06-21 3 3 1 27.0 e11 2 2012-08-07 0 4 2 29.0 e11 2 2012-06-21 0 2 1 33.0 e11 2 2012-08-07 2 3 1 36.0 e12 2 2012-10-16 -0 0.9 0.2 2.5 e12 2 2012-10-16 0.6 0.75 0.06 3.5 e12 1 1992-10-25 2.1 1.3 0.2 4.9 e12 2 2012-10-16 0.38 0.46 0.05 4.9 e12 3 2014-04-19 0.03 0.47 0.08 4.9 e12 2 2012-10-16 0.25 0.41 0.04 5.9 e12 3 2014-04-19 0.42 0.48 0.05 5.9 e12 1 1992-10-25 1.7 0.72 0.06 8.4 e12 2 2013-03-02 1 0.7 0.1 12.6 e12 2 2013-03-02 0.6 0.55 0.09 14.1 e12 1 1993-03-16 0.2 1.2 0.5 22.5 e12 2 2012-05-31 0.3 1.1 0.8 25.0 e12 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 27.0 e12 2 2012-08-07 -0 3 2 29.0 e12 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 33.0 e12 2 2012-08-07 0 2 1 36.0 e13 2 2012-10-16 0.8 2.4 0.2 2.5 e13 2 2012-10-16 1.1 1.5 0.06 3.5 e13 3 2014-04-19 0.57 0.92 0.08 4.9 e13 1 1992-10-25 2.7 2 0.2 4.9 e13 2 2012-10-16 0.76 0.97 0.05 4.9 e13 3 2014-04-19 0.57 0.72 0.05 5.9 e13 2 2012-10-16 0.6 0.81 0.04 5.9 e13 1 1992-10-25 2.1 1.4 0.06 8.4 e13 2 2013-03-02 1.9 1.8 0.1 12.6 e13 2 2013-03-02 1.5 1.4 0.09 14.1 e13 1 1993-03-16 0.6 1.5 0.5 22.5 e13 2 2012-05-31 1 1.6 0.8 25.0 e13 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 27.0 e13 2 2012-08-07 1 2 2 29.0 e13 2 2012-06-21 1 3 1 33.0 e13 2 2012-08-07 1 2 1 36.0 e14 2 2012-10-16 0.9 1.6 0.2 2.5 e14 2 2012-10-16 0.77 0.86 0.06 3.5 e14 1 1992-10-25 2.6 1.6 0.2 4.9 e14 3 2014-04-19 0.59 0.84 0.08 4.9 e14 2 2012-10-16 0.43 0.84 0.05 4.9 e14 3 2014-04-19 0.38 0.52 0.05 5.9 e14 2 2012-10-16 0.33 0.58 0.04 5.9 e14 1 1992-10-25 1.9 0.6 0.06 8.4 e14 2 2013-03-02 1.6 1.2 0.1 12.6 e14 2 2013-03-02 1 0.95 0.09 14.1 e14 1 1993-03-16 0.8 1 0.5 22.5 e14 2 2012-05-31 1.8 1.9 0.8 25.0 e14 2 2012-06-21 2 2 1 27.0 e14 2 2012-08-07 1 2 2 29.0 e14 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 33.0 e14 2 2012-08-07 1 2 1 36.0 e15 2 2012-10-16 1 1.1 0.2 2.5 e15 2 2012-10-16 0.42 0.6 0.06 3.5 e15 3 2014-04-19 0.35 0.35 0.08 4.9 e15 1 1992-10-25 0.7 0.8 0.2 4.9 e15 2 2012-10-16 0.31 0.36 0.05 4.9 e15 2 2012-10-16 0.17 0.26 0.04 5.9 e15 3 2014-04-19 0.25 0.31 0.05 5.9 e15 1 1992-10-25 1 0.79 0.06 8.4 e15 2 2013-03-02 0.4 0.5 0.1 12.6 e15 2 2013-03-02 0.31 0.41 0.09 14.1 e15 1 1993-03-16 - - 0.5 22.5 e15 2 2012-05-31 0.9 1.8 0.8 25.0 e15 2 2012-06-21 5 7 1 27.0 e15 2 2012-08-07 4 8 2 29.0 e15 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 33.0 e15 2 2012-08-07 - - 1 36.0 e16 2 2012-10-16 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.5 e16 2 2012-10-16 0.16 0.2 0.06 3.5 e16 1 1992-10-25 0.4 0.5 0.2 4.9 e16 3 2014-04-19 0.13 0.15 0.08 4.9 e16 2 2012-10-16 0.05 0.15 0.05 4.9 e16 3 2014-04-19 0.08 0.13 0.05 5.9 e16 2 2012-10-16 0.05 0.14 0.04 5.9 e16 1 1992-10-25 0.41 0.25 0.06 8.4 e16 2 2013-03-02 0.2 0.3 0.1 12.6 e16 2 2013-03-02 0.31 0.37 0.09 14.1 e16 1 1993-03-16 0.6 1 0.5 22.5 e16 2 2012-05-31 - - 0.8 25.0 e16 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 27.0 e16 2 2012-08-07 - - 2 29.0 e16 2 2012-06-21 -0 2 1 33.0 e16 2 2012-08-07 -0 2 1 36.0 e17 2 2012-10-16 0.1 0.5 0.2 2.5 e17 2 2012-10-16 0.15 0.29 0.06 3.5 e17 3 2014-04-19 0.19 0.21 0.08 4.9 e17 1 1992-10-25 0.8 0.6 0.2 4.9 e17 2 2012-10-16 0.07 0.22 0.05 4.9 e17 2 2012-10-16 0.11 0.17 0.04 5.9 e17 3 2014-04-19 0.13 0.15 0.05 5.9 e17 1 1992-10-25 0.53 0.29 0.06 8.4 e17 2 2013-03-02 0.1 0.3 0.1 12.6 e17 2 2013-03-02 0.2 0.26 0.09 14.1 e17 1 1993-03-16 - - 0.5 22.5 e17 2 2012-05-31 - - 0.8 25.0 e17 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 27.0 e17 2 2012-08-07 - - 2 29.0 e17 2 2012-06-21 0 2 1 33.0 e17 2 2012-08-07 -1 2 1 36.0 e18 2 2012-10-16 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.5 e18 2 2012-10-16 0.47 0.49 0.06 3.5 e18 1 1992-10-25 1.2 0.8 0.2 4.9 e18 2 2012-10-16 0.43 0.48 0.05 4.9 e18 3 2014-04-19 0.51 0.37 0.08 4.9 e18 2 2012-10-16 0.37 0.5 0.04 5.9 e18 3 2014-04-19 0.52 0.48 0.05 5.9 e18 1 1992-10-25 0.81 0.38 0.06 8.4 e18 2 2013-03-02 1.1 1.2 0.1 12.6 e18 2 2013-03-02 1.1 1.1 0.09 14.1 e18 1 1993-03-16 1.5 1.8 0.5 22.5 e18 2 2012-05-31 - - 0.8 25.0 e18 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 27.0 e18 2 2012-08-07 - - 2 29.0 e18 2 2012-06-21 -0 1 1 33.0 e18 2 2012-08-07 2 3 1 36.0 e19 2 2012-10-16 1.9 2 0.2 2.5 e19 2 2012-10-16 0.56 0.73 0.06 3.5 e19 2 2012-10-16 0.33 0.52 0.05 4.9 e19 3 2014-04-19 0.82 0.57 0.08 4.9 e19 1 1992-10-25 1.9 1.1 0.2 4.9 e19 3 2014-04-19 0.51 0.38 0.05 5.9 e19 2 2012-10-16 0.41 0.48 0.04 5.9 e19 1 1992-10-25 1.5 0.92 0.06 8.4 e19 2 2013-03-02 1.3 1 0.1 12.6 e19 2 2013-03-02 0.88 0.81 0.09 14.1 e19 1 1993-03-16 0.3 1.1 0.5 22.5 e19 2 2012-05-31 -1.9 2.2 0.8 25.0 e19 2 2012-06-21 -0 6 1 27.0 e19 2 2012-08-07 0 0 2 29.0 e19 2 2012-06-21 2 2 1 33.0 e19 2 2012-08-07 2 3 1 36.0 e2 2 2012-10-16 6 6.4 0.2 2.5 e2 2 2012-10-16 8.5 9.2 0.06 3.5 e2 1 1992-10-25 14 14 0.2 4.9 e2 2 2012-10-16 13 13 0.05 4.9 e2 3 2014-04-19 11 11 0.08 4.9 e2 2 2012-10-16 14 15 0.04 5.9 e2 3 2014-04-19 14 15 0.05 5.9 e2 1 1992-10-25 27 27 0.06 8.4 e2 2 2013-03-02 98 98 0.1 12.6 e2 2 2013-03-02 1 1 0.09 14.1 e2 1 1993-03-16 1.6 1.6 0.5 22.5 e2 2 2012-05-31 1.9 1.9 0.8 25.0 e2 2 2012-06-21 1.6 1.7 1 27.0 e2 2 2012-08-07 1.1 1.2 2 29.0 e2 2 2012-06-21 1.5 1.5 1 33.0 e2 2 2012-08-07 89 92 1 36.0 e20 2 2012-10-16 0.5 1.3 0.2 2.5 e20 2 2012-10-16 0.52 0.74 0.06 3.5 e20 2 2012-10-16 0.4 0.6 0.05 4.9 e20 1 1992-10-25 1.9 1.1 0.2 4.9 e20 3 2014-04-19 -0.09 0.49 0.08 4.9 e20 2 2012-10-16 0.29 0.45 0.04 5.9 e20 3 2014-04-19 0.26 0.38 0.05 5.9 e20 1 1992-10-25 1.3 0.34 0.06 8.4 e20 2 2013-03-02 0.8 0.6 0.1 12.6 e20 2 2013-03-02 0.46 0.42 0.09 14.1 e20 1 1993-03-16 0 0.9 0.5 22.5 e20 2 2012-05-31 0.3 1 0.8 25.0 e20 2 2012-06-21 -0 2 1 27.0 e20 2 2012-08-07 -2 2 2 29.0 e20 2 2012-06-21 -1 2 1 33.0 e20 2 2012-08-07 1 2 1 36.0 e21 2 2012-10-16 0.5 1.4 0.2 2.5 e21 2 2012-10-16 0.52 0.76 0.06 3.5 e21 1 1992-10-25 1.9 1 0.2 4.9 e21 2 2012-10-16 0.25 0.46 0.05 4.9 e21 3 2014-04-19 -0.17 0.4 0.08 4.9 e21 2 2012-10-16 0.11 0.28 0.04 5.9 e21 3 2014-04-19 0.12 0.24 0.05 5.9 e21 1 1992-10-25 1.4 0.43 0.06 8.4 e21 2 2013-03-02 0.8 0.6 0.1 12.6 e21 2 2013-03-02 0.41 0.38 0.09 14.1 e21 1 1993-03-16 0.4 1.1 0.5 22.5 e21 2 2012-05-31 0 1.3 0.8 25.0 e21 2 2012-06-21 -0 2 1 27.0 e21 2 2012-08-07 -2 3 2 29.0 e21 2 2012-06-21 -0 2 1 33.0 e21 2 2012-08-07 2 3 1 36.0 e22 2 2012-10-16 0.2 1.1 0.2 2.5 e22 2 2012-10-16 0.1 0.33 0.06 3.5 e22 3 2014-04-19 -0.27 0.31 0.08 4.9 e22 1 1992-10-25 2.1 1.2 0.2 4.9 e22 2 2012-10-16 0.12 0.33 0.05 4.9 e22 3 2014-04-19 0.16 0.25 0.05 5.9 e22 2 2012-10-16 0.12 0.28 0.04 5.9 e22 1 1992-10-25 1.5 0.46 0.06 8.4 e22 2 2013-03-02 0.5 0.3 0.1 12.6 e22 2 2013-03-02 0.32 0.24 0.09 14.1 e22 1 1993-03-16 0.4 1 0.5 22.5 e22 2 2012-05-31 0.5 2 0.8 25.0 e22 2 2012-06-21 -0 1 1 27.0 e22 2 2012-08-07 0 3 2 29.0 e22 2 2012-06-21 0 2 1 33.0 e22 2 2012-08-07 0 2 1 36.0 e23 2 2012-10-16 -0.1 1 0.2 2.5 e23 2 2012-10-16 0.29 0.39 0.06 3.5 e23 1 1992-10-25 1.5 1 0.2 4.9 e23 2 2012-10-16 0 0.18 0.05 4.9 e23 3 2014-04-19 0.09 0.25 0.08 4.9 e23 2 2012-10-16 0.1 0.2 0.04 5.9 e23 3 2014-04-19 0.04 0.13 0.05 5.9 e23 1 1992-10-25 1 0.35 0.06 8.4 e23 2 2013-03-02 0.5 0.4 0.1 12.6 e23 2 2013-03-02 0.27 0.28 0.09 14.1 e23 1 1993-03-16 -0.5 0.9 0.5 22.5 e23 2 2012-05-31 0.5 1.3 0.8 25.0 e23 2 2012-06-21 1 3 1 27.0 e23 2 2012-08-07 2 3 2 29.0 e23 2 2012-06-21 0 1 1 33.0 e23 2 2012-08-07 1 2 1 36.0 e3 2 2012-10-16 4.8 5.1 0.2 2.5 e3 2 2012-10-16 6 6.3 0.06 3.5 e3 1 1992-10-25 8 7.9 0.2 4.9 e3 2 2012-10-16 7.3 7.6 0.05 4.9 e3 3 2014-04-19 6.6 6.8 0.08 4.9 e3 2 2012-10-16 7.1 7.3 0.04 5.9 e3 3 2014-04-19 6.6 6.9 0.05 5.9 e3 1 1992-10-25 6.9 6.3 0.06 8.4 e3 2 2013-03-02 15 16 0.1 12.6 e3 2 2013-03-02 14 14 0.09 14.1 e3 1 1993-03-16 9.7 12 0.5 22.5 e3 2 2012-05-31 10 12 0.8 25.0 e3 2 2012-06-21 8 11 1 27.0 e3 2 2012-08-07 5 9 2 29.0 e3 2 2012-06-21 5 8 1 33.0 e3 2 2012-08-07 3 7 1 36.0 e4 2 2012-10-16 1.6 1.8 0.2 2.5 e4 2 2012-10-16 2.3 2.6 0.06 3.5 e4 2 2012-10-16 3.7 4 0.05 4.9 e4 1 1992-10-25 3.6 3.6 0.2 4.9 e4 3 2014-04-19 3.3 3.6 0.08 4.9 e4 2 2012-10-16 4.2 4.4 0.04 5.9 e4 3 2014-04-19 4.3 4.6 0.05 5.9 e4 1 1992-10-25 2.8 2.5 0.06 8.4 e4 2 2013-03-02 9.1 9.4 0.1 12.6 e4 2 2013-03-02 8.8 9.2 0.09 14.1 e4 1 1993-03-16 6.9 8.1 0.5 22.5 e4 2 2012-05-31 8.5 9.5 0.8 25.0 e4 2 2012-06-21 8 10 1 27.0 e4 2 2012-08-07 4 6 2 29.0 e4 2 2012-06-21 9 12 1 33.0 e4 2 2012-08-07 3 6 1 36.0 e5 2 2012-10-16 0.1 4.1 0.2 2.5 e5 2 2012-10-16 4.9 6.5 0.06 3.5 e5 3 2014-04-19 6.5 6.8 0.08 4.9 e5 1 1992-10-25 4.8 5.7 0.2 4.9 e5 2 2012-10-16 7.8 8.1 0.05 4.9 e5 2 2012-10-16 8 8.5 0.04 5.9 e5 3 2014-04-19 8.1 9 0.05 5.9 e5 1 1992-10-25 6.9 6.8 0.06 8.4 e5 2 2013-03-02 24 25 0.1 12.6 e5 2 2013-03-02 24 25 0.09 14.1 e5 1 1993-03-16 15 17 0.5 22.5 e5 2 2012-05-31 30 30 0.8 25.0 e5 2 2012-06-21 25 26 1 27.0 e5 2 2012-08-07 18 20 2 29.0 e5 2 2012-06-21 20 22 1 33.0 e5 2 2012-08-07 15 16 1 36.0 e6 2 2012-10-16 3.6 5.5 0.2 2.5 e6 2 2012-10-16 4.1 4.2 0.06 3.5 e6 3 2014-04-19 2.5 2.2 0.08 4.9 e6 1 1992-10-25 4.1 4.8 0.2 4.9 e6 2 2012-10-16 2.5 2.6 0.05 4.9 e6 3 2014-04-19 0.64 1.7 0.05 5.9 e6 2 2012-10-16 1.5 1.6 0.04 5.9 e6 1 1992-10-25 4.2 4.1 0.06 8.4 e6 2 2013-03-02 3.4 3.7 0.1 12.6 e6 2 2013-03-02 2.7 2.9 0.09 14.1 e6 1 1993-03-16 0.9 2.1 0.5 22.5 e6 2 2012-05-31 1.3 2.3 0.8 25.0 e6 2 2012-06-21 1 3 1 27.0 e6 2 2012-08-07 1 2 2 29.0 e6 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 33.0 e6 2 2012-08-07 1 1 1 36.0 e7 2 2012-10-16 0.5 0.7 0.2 2.5 e7 2 2012-10-16 0.03 0.18 0.06 3.5 e7 2 2012-10-16 0.09 0.11 0.05 4.9 e7 3 2014-04-19 0.29 0.18 0.08 4.9 e7 1 1992-10-25 0.5 0.7 0.2 4.9 e7 2 2012-10-16 0.06 0.09 0.04 5.9 e7 3 2014-04-19 0.14 0.11 0.05 5.9 e7 1 1992-10-25 0.37 0.29 0.06 8.4 e7 2 2013-03-02 0 0.2 0.1 12.6 e7 2 2013-03-02 0.02 0.17 0.09 14.1 e7 1 1993-03-16 -0.1 1.7 0.5 22.5 e7 2 2012-05-31 0.8 1.2 0.8 25.0 e7 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 27.0 e7 2 2012-08-07 2 6 2 29.0 e7 2 2012-06-21 - - 1 33.0 e7 2 2012-08-07 - - 1 36.0 e8n 2 2012-10-16 1.3 1.4 0.2 2.5 e8n 2 2012-10-16 0.86 1.1 0.06 3.5 e8n 1 1992-10-25 1.5 1.5 0.2 4.9 e8n 2 2012-10-16 0.81 1.1 0.05 4.9 e8n 3 2014-04-19 0.94 1.2 0.08 4.9 e8n 2 2012-10-16 0.92 1.1 0.04 5.9 e8n 3 2014-04-19 0.77 1 0.05 5.9 e8n 1 1992-10-25 1.6 1.1 0.06 8.4 e8n 2 2013-03-02 2.3 2.6 0.1 12.6 e8n 2 2013-03-02 2.4 2.7 0.09 14.1 e8n 1 1993-03-16 1.2 2.4 0.5 22.5 e8n 2 2012-05-31 4.7 5.7 0.8 25.0 e8n 2 2012-06-21 4 6 1 27.0 e8n 2 2012-08-07 3 5 2 29.0 e8n 2 2012-06-21 4 6 1 33.0 e8n 2 2012-08-07 4 7 1 36.0 e8s 2 2012-10-16 1.3 1.3 0.2 2.5 e8s 2 2012-10-16 0.86 1.1 0.06 3.5 e8s 2 2012-10-16 0.89 1.2 0.05 4.9 e8s 3 2014-04-19 0.94 1.2 0.08 4.9 e8s 1 1992-10-25 1.5 1.5 0.2 4.9 e8s 2 2012-10-16 1.2 1.4 0.04 5.9 e8s 3 2014-04-19 1.1 1.3 0.05 5.9 e8s 1 1992-10-25 1.6 1.1 0.06 8.4 e8s 2 2013-03-02 2.3 2.6 0.1 12.6 e8s 2 2013-03-02 2.1 2.4 0.09 14.1 e8s 1 1993-03-16 0.8 2.2 0.5 22.5 e8s 2 2012-05-31 3.7 4.8 0.8 25.0 e8s 2 2012-06-21 3 4 1 27.0 e8s 2 2012-08-07 1 3 2 29.0 e8s 2 2012-06-21 1 2 1 33.0 e8s 2 2012-08-07 2 5 1 36.0 e9 2 2012-10-16 2.6 3 0.2 2.5 e9 2 2012-10-16 2.2 2.5 0.06 3.5 e9 3 2014-04-19 1.9 1.9 0.08 4.9 e9 2 2012-10-16 1.9 2.1 0.05 4.9 e9 1 1992-10-25 2.4 2.1 0.2 4.9 e9 2 2012-10-16 1.5 1.6 0.04 5.9 e9 3 2014-04-19 1.3 1.5 0.05 5.9 e9 1 1992-10-25 1.8 1.2 0.06 8.4 e9 2 2013-03-02 2.8 2.8 0.1 12.6 e9 2 2013-03-02 2.2 2.5 0.09 14.1 e9 1 1993-03-16 0.3 2.4 0.5 22.5 e9 2 2012-05-31 1.9 2.6 0.8 25.0 e9 2 2012-06-21 3 5 1 27.0 e9 2 2012-08-07 2 4 2 29.0 e9 2 2012-06-21 2 3 1 33.0 e9 2 2012-08-07 3 6 1 36.0 ------------------------------- ------------- ------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- : Continuum Point Sources Point Source Photometry Catalog {#sec:SEDs} =============================== The full version of the point source photometry catalog is available in digital form from <https://github.com/keflavich/paper_w51_evla/blob/master/tables/EVLA_VLA_PointSourcePhotometry.ipac>. A sample is shown in Table \[tab:contsrcs\]. Figure \[fig:d4sed\] shows cutout images with apertures for the source d4e. Additional figures for all candidates are included in a supplemental document. Observation metadata {#sec:obsmeta} ==================== The observation metadata is summarized in Table \[tab:obs\_meta\]. ------------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------------- ---------------- ------------- ---------------------- \[tab:obs\_meta\] Band Program TOS Config Reference BW Date Notes $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{s}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{MHz}$ $\mathrm{}$ $\mathrm{}$ 29.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 5481 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-Aug-07 - 33.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 5481 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-Aug-07 - 36.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 5481 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-Aug-07 - 2.5 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 778 A - 1024 12-Dec-09 - 3.5 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 778 A - 1024 12-Dec-09 - 2.5 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 658 A - 1024 12-Dec-24 - 3.5 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 658 A - 1024 12-Dec-24 - 29.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 5585 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-Jun-21 - 33.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 5585 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-Jun-21 - 36.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 5585 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-Jun-21 - 25.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 3829 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-May-31 - 27.0 GHz Epoch 2 12A-274 3829 B Goddi2015a,Goddi2016a 64 12-May-31 - 5.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 777 A - 1024 12-Nov-17 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 777 A - 1024 12-Nov-17 - 5.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 658 A - 1024 12-Nov-24 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 658 A - 1024 12-Nov-24 - 5.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 2154 A - 1024 12-Oct-16 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 2154 A - 1024 12-Oct-16 - 5.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 777 A - 1024 12-Oct-29 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 2 12B-365 777 A - 1024 12-Oct-29 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 3 13A-064 4069 C - 1024 13-Jun-04 - 5.9 GHz Epoch 3 13A-064 4069 C - 1024 13-Jun-04 - 14.1 GHz Epoch 2 13A-064 4149 D - 1024 13-Mar-02 - 12.6 GHz Epoch 2 13A-064 4149 D - 1024 13-Mar-02 - 14.1 GHz Epoch 2 13A-064 14704 B - 1024 13-Oct-01 - 12.6 GHz Epoch 2 13A-064 14704 B - 1024 13-Oct-01 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 3 13A-064 15952 A - 1024 14-Apr-19 - 5.9 GHz Epoch 3 13A-064 15952 A - 1024 14-Apr-19 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 1 AD0128 6830 B Mehringer1994a 25 84-Feb-06 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 1 AM0367 10410 C Mehringer1994a 100 92-Apr-23 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 1 AM0367 6240 D Mehringer1994a 100 92-Aug-04 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 1 AM0367 4800 D Mehringer1994a 100 92-Aug-04 - 8.4 GHz Epoch 1 AP0242 2640 B Gaume1993a 50 92-Oct-24 Uncertain provenance 4.9 GHz Epoch 1 AM0374 6860 A Mehringer1994a 50 92-Oct-25 - 4.9 GHz Epoch 1 AM0374 3350 A Mehringer1994a 50 92-Oct-26 - 22.5 GHz Epoch 1 AM0374 6360 B Gaume1993a 100 93-Mar-16 - ------------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------------- ---------------- ------------- ---------------------- Velocity Field in W51e2 {#sec:vfield} ======================= Many works have examined the velocity field of the gas in W51e2 [@Zhang1997a; @Keto2008b; @Shi2010b; @Shi2010a; @Goddi2016a]. For comparison, we show the velocity field of a $6{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}\times6{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}\xspace}$ region centered on W51e2 in Figure \[fig:w51e2velofield\]. [^1]: This paper and all related analysis code are available on the web at https://github.com/adamginsburg/paper\_w51\_evla. [^2]: <http://casa.nrao.edu> [^3]: <https://science.nrao.edu/facilities/vla/docs/manuals/oss/performance/positional-accuracy> [^4]: In many bands, W51 Main and W51 IRS2 are saturated, so we have interpolated from neighboring pixels to estimate the flux density. Our luminosity estimate is therefore a lower limit. [^5]: The @Kurtz2002a definition of regions is $r_{{\ion{H}{ii}\xspace}}<0.05$ pc. We detect a few sources that are on the borderline between and regions, with $r\sim0.05$ pc, and therefore we have identified all unresolved sources at the highest resolution (0.005 pc) as regions, and all that are well-resolved are classified as regions. [^6]: <http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/EEM_dwarf_UBVIJHK_colors_Teff.txt> | Mid | [
0.627249357326478,
30.5,
18.125
] |
Kalaiharasan Letchumanan Kalaiharasan a/l Letchumanan (born 17 March 1996) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Malaysia Super League side Negeri Sembilan. Career Club Kalaiharasan began with Negeri Sembilan. He was moved into the club's senior team for the 2018 Malaysia Super League. His professional debut arrived on 3 February in the Super League, he played the full ninety minutes of a 1–0 loss to PKNP. International In June 2017, Kalaiharasan was called up by the Malaysia U22s for friendlies in China. Career statistics . References External links Category:1996 births Category:Living people Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Malaysian footballers Category:Association football defenders Category:Malaysia Super League players Category:Negeri Sembilan FA players | Mid | [
0.6142857142857141,
32.25,
20.25
] |
689 S.W.2d 613 (1985) Michael KEITH, Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH of Kentucky, Appellee. Court of Appeals of Kentucky. April 12, 1985. Discretionary Review Denied and Opinion Ordered Published by Supreme Court June 4, 1985. *614 Christopher P. Rivers, Appellate Public Advocate, Louisville, for appellant. David L. Armstrong, Atty. Gen., Susan Guss, Asst. Atty. Gen., Frankfort, for appellee. Before COMBS, McDONALD and WILHOIT, JJ. McDONALD, Judge: This is an appeal from the order of the Perry Circuit Court revoking the appellant's probation and sentencing him to serve eight years in the state reformatory. In March, 1983, Michael Keith, the appellant, was indicted and charged with the attempted murder of a female companion and the theft of her automobile. Keith had a history of hospitalization for mental illness, attempted suicide and alcohol-related problems. He was found competent to stand trial and on September 21, 1983, entered a plea of guilty to second-degree assault. The theft charge was dismissed. Upon the Commonwealth's recommendation, the trial court sentenced the appellant to eight years, probated for three years on the following conditions: 1) that he not commit another offense; 2) that he avoid "disreputable" persons and places; 3) that he voluntarily commit himself to Eastern State Hospital "for a term of treatment to be so long as the hospital authorities believes that he needs to stay and receive treatment;" and 4) that upon his release from the hospital he report to the Division of Probation and Parole in Hazard, Kentucky. It is clear from the record that the court, the parties and their attorneys anticipated that Keith would be hospitalized for several months. In conformance with the sentence and order of probation, Keith presented himself to Eastern State Hospital. He was evaluated upon arrival by Dr. Hawthorne, the admitting psychiatrist, who determined that hospitalization was not appropriate for Keith at that time and recommended that Keith continue with chemotherapy and outpatient psychiatric treatment at his local comprehensive care center. Keith thus spent a total of two or three hours at the hospital. He immediately informed his attorney that he had been denied admittance to Eastern State and was advised by the attorney to wait until everything was "straightened out" about the hospitalization before reporting to his probation officer. Thereafter, on January 1, 1984, the Commonwealth moved the trial court to require the appellant to "show compliance with the terms of the final sentence and judgment of probation." As grounds for the motion the appellee stated it was its belief that Keith had not complied with the condition that he admit himself to Eastern State Hospital. The matter was set for a hearing on January 25, 1984, but the appellant was too ill to attend although his attorney was present. A transcript of the preliminary arguments heard that day entitled "Hearing on the Commonwealth's Motion for Revocation of Defendant's Probation" was served on appellant's attorney on January 31, 1984. The court continued the matter until February 9, 1984, and also stated that, "I think we need the Probation and Parole officer here to see whether or not he has reported to him . . . ." At the hearing on February 9, the probation officer informed the court that Keith had not reported to him until the day before the hearing. A psychologist from Kentucky River Community Care, the local mental health center in Hazard, testified that the appellant had been attending weekly treatment sessions and was, in her opinion, working hard to understand and overcome his problems. The trial court found that Keith did not "commit" himself to the hospital but merely presented himself for "evaluation." In this regard the trial court observed that "several people," including Keith's parents, *615 could have filed a petition seeking the appellant's involuntary commitment to the hospital. Finally, the court found that Keith violated the condition that he report to the probation officer. The court revoked Keith's probation and ordered him to be placed into custody at the Luther Luckett Correctional Complex where he currently remains. On appeal, Keith has raised three issues for our review as follows: 1) that the Commonwealth failed to provide the requisite notice of the hearing, the reasons therefor and the alleged probation violations; 2) that there was no evidence that he failed to comply with the conditions of probation; and 3) that the court failed to enter written findings upon which it relied in revoking his probation. Having reviewed the entire record we find that there is no evidence that the appellant violated any of the conditions of the probation imposed during the original sentencing. While it is clear that Dr. Hawthorne's prescribed outpatient treatment did not meet with either the trial court's or the Commonwealth's expectations, it is equally clear that Keith did everything he possibly could to comply with the requirement that he admit himself to the mental hospital. Further, it is uncontroverted that he fully complied with Dr. Hawthorne's recommendation for outpatient treatment. As he was not armed with a court order, he could not require Eastern State to admit him as a patient. The Commonwealth's argument that Keith could have been "creative" and found some way to get himself committed is patently absurd. It is equally ridiculous that Keith's parents should have tried to get him involuntarily committed in order for him to satisfactorily comply with the order. Likewise, the record is devoid of any evidence that the appellant failed to report to the probation office for any reason except his good faith reliance on his attorney's advice that such was not required until the hospitalization issue was resolved. While this may not have been the best advice the appellant could have gotten, the record clearly indicates that the appellant made every reasonable effort to comply with the conditions imposed upon him in this regard. There being no evidence to support the court's finding of a breach of the conditions of probation, the court's decision to revoke appellant's status was totally arbitrary. The Commonwealth's argument that such a decision is purely discretionary is not applicable as "[t]his discretionary aspect of the revocation decision need not be reached unless there is first an appropriate determination that the individual has in fact breached the conditions of parole." Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 483, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 2601, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972). A mental hospital should not be used by the court as a substitute for a prison. Indeed, the decision to place a defendant on probation under any conditions "reflects a determination by the sentencing court that the state's penological interests do not require imprisonment." Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 103 S.Ct. 2064, 76 L.Ed.2d 221 (1983). None of the parties to the sentencing hereto were qualified to know whether the appellant either needed further inpatient treatment or, if he did, how long such treatment would last. If the appellee and the court were of the opinion that Keith was a danger to society and were not truly content to let the experts at Eastern State determine how long Keith needed to stay and receive treatment, the order of probation providing for such should never have been entered in the first instance. However, having conferred that status on the appellant it is fundamentally unfair to deprive him of his liberty for reasons beyond the appellant's control, that is, because the hospital's admitting physician did not believe he needed the treatment anticipated by the court. See Bearden v. Georgia, supra. It is our opinion, therefore, that the order revoking the appellant's probation be vacated and the trial court is hereby directed to enter an order to secure the appellant's release from custody and to reinstate him to his probationary status. *616 In light of our decision on the merits of this matter, the issues raised by the appellant pertaining to the procedural defects are moot. However, we mention, for the benefit of the appellee, that it is not sufficient to serve notice of a hearing to terminate a sentence of probation upon a probationer's attorney. K.R.S. 533.050(1)(a) and (b) specifically set out the manner in which notice must be conferred upon a defendant. See also Lynch v. Commonwealth, Ky.App., 610 S.W.2d 902 (1981), and Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973). The matter is hereby remanded to the Perry Circuit Court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. All concur. | Low | [
0.5018587360594791,
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version: '3.7' # Standard logging for each service x-logging: &logging_anchor driver: "json-file" options: max-size: "10mb" max-file: "10" services: logrouter: container_name: local-fluentbit networks: control: ipv4_address: 10.0.12.217 ports: - "24224:24224" healthcheck: test: ["CMD", "nc", "-vz", "localhost", "24224"] interval: 30s timeout: 10s retries: 15 environment: - SCRIBE_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_SCUBA_ACCESS_TOKEN} - SCUBA_TABLE=perfpipe_xwf_openflow_compose_logs ofproxy: container_name: ofproxy privileged: true networks: - control - server environment: - APPURL=${APPURL:-https://graph.expresswifi.com} - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:-} - AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:-} - AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=${XWF_AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-} - AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID:-} - DEBUG=1 - PORT=6653 - REDIRECTOR=ofredirector - ACCESSTOKEN=${XWF_ACCESSTOKEN} - AWSREGION=${XWF_AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-} - CPURL=${XWF_CPURL} - DNSHARDTIMEOUT=60 - INSECURE=${INSECURE:-0} - PARTNERNAME=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME} - ODS_CATEGORY_ID=${XWF_ODS_CATEGORY_ID} - ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN} - ODS_PREFIX=xwf.openflow - ODS_CLUSTER=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME}.${ENV} - ODS_ENTITY=ofproxy - OFPRADIUS=${OFPRADIUS:-0} logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter ofproxy-mt: container_name: ofproxy-mt privileged: true networks: - control environment: - APPURL=${APPURL:-https://graph.expresswifi.com} - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:-} - AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:-} - AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=${XWF_AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-} - AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID:-} - DEBUG=1 - PORT=6653 - REDIRECTOR=ofredirector - ACCESSTOKEN=${XWF_ACCESSTOKEN} - AWSREGION=${XWF_AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-} - CPURL=${XWF_CPURL} - DNSHARDTIMEOUT=60 - INSECURE=${INSECURE:-0} - MTARCH=1 - AWS_ENDPOINT=http://dynamo_db:8000/ - PARTNERSTABLE=ofp_partners - PARTNERNAME=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME} - ODS_CATEGORY_ID=${XWF_ODS_CATEGORY_ID} - ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN} - ODS_PREFIX=xwf.openflow - ODS_CLUSTER=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME}.${ENV} - ODS_ENTITY=ofproxy logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter ofredirector: container_name: ofredirector privileged: true networks: control: ipv4_address: 10.0.12.231 environment: - PUBLICIP=10.0.12.231 - DEBUG=1 - ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN} - ODS_PREFIX=cwf.openflow - ODS_CATEGORY_ID=${XWF_ODS_CATEGORY_ID} - ODS_CLUSTER=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME}.${ENV} - ODS_ENTITY=ofredirector logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter httpserver: container_name: httpserver ports: - "8080:80" networks: - control logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter ofpradius: container_name: ofpradius environment: - RADIUSSERVERURL=radiusserver - AUTHPORT=1812 networks: - control radiusserver: container_name: radiusserver privileged: true environment: - AAA_ENDPOINT=${APPURL:-https://graph.expresswifi.com}/radius/authorization - AAA_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_ACCESSTOKEN} - RADIUS_SECRET=${XWF_SECRET} - TEMPLATE_ENV=radius.ofpanalytics.config.json.template - PARTNER_SHORTNAME=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME} - SCUBA_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_SCUBA_ACCESS_TOKEN:-} - ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_ODS_ACCESS_TOKEN:-} command: > /bin/sh -c "./docker-entrypoint.sh" networks: - control ports: - "1812:1812/udp" logging: driver: "json-file" options: max-size: "100m" max-file: "10" xwfm: container_name: xwfm privileged: true tty: true stdin_open: true pid: "host" volumes: - cert:/var/opt/magma/certs - configs_override:/var/opt/magma/configs - configs_default:/etc/magma - configs_templates:/etc/magma/templates - openvswitch:/var/run/openvswitch - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock environment: - CTRL_IP=${CTRL_IP:-} - ACCESSTOKEN=${XWF_ACCESSTOKEN} networks: - control logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - ofproxy - tls-termination - logrouter cap_add: - ALL pipelined: container_name: pipelined privileged: true network_mode: service:xwfm depends_on: - xwfm - logrouter volumes: - cert:/var/opt/magma/certs - configs_override:/var/opt/magma/configs - configs_default:/etc/magma - configs_templates:/etc/magma/templates - openvswitch:/var/run/openvswitch command: > sh -c " until ovs-vsctl get interface cwag_patch ofport; do echo "waiting"; sleep 1; done && ifconfig cwag_br0 192.168.128.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up && set bridge cwag_br0 protocols=protocols=OpenFlow10,OpenFlow13,OpenFlow14 other-config:disable-in-band=true && /usr/bin/ovs-vsctl set-controller cwag_br0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6633 && /usr/bin/ovs-vsctl set-fail-mode cwag_br0 secure && python3.5 -m magma.pipelined.main" logging: *logging_anchor cap_add: - ALL tls-termination: container_name: tls-termination networks: - control environment: - OFPROXY_ADDR=ofproxy - OFPROXY_PORT=6653 - ACCESS_TOKEN=${XWF_ACCESSTOKEN} - INSECURE=${INSECURE:-} depends_on: - ofproxy - logrouter logging: *logging_anchor tests: container_name: tests privileged: true tty: true stdin_open: true pid: "host" volumes: - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock networks: - control - server environment: - ACCESSTOKEN=${XWF_ACCESSTOKEN} - BASE_URL=${APPURL:-https://graph.expresswifi.com} - TEST_TYPE=${TEST_TYPE:-basic} - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:-} - AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:-} - AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=${XWF_AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-} - AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=${XWF_AWS_ACCOUNT_ID:-} - PARTNERNAME=${XWF_PARTNER_SHORT_NAME} - CPURL=${XWF_CPURL} - VPCEndPointID=${XWF_VPCEndPointID} logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - xwf_client - ofproxy - xwfm - tls-termination - logrouter - dynamo_db xwf_client: container_name: xwf_client privileged: true network_mode: "none" dns: - 10.100.0.1 logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter cap_add: - NET_ADMIN dynamo_db: image: amazon/dynamodb-local container_name: dynamo_db ports: - "8000:8000" volumes: - dynamodata:/home/dynamodblocal working_dir: /home/dynamodblocal command: "-jar DynamoDBLocal.jar -sharedDb -dbPath ." networks: - control logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter nlb: container_name: nlb environment: - SRCPORT=6653 - DSTPORT=6653 - FORWARD=ofproxy-mt networks: - control logging: *logging_anchor depends_on: - logrouter volumes: dynamodata: {} cert: configs_override: configs_default: configs_templates: openvswitch: networks: server: control: ipam: config: - subnet: 10.0.12.0/24 | Low | [
0.5358744394618831,
29.875,
25.875
] |
/* * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */ /** \file * \ingroup RNA */ #include <stdlib.h> #include <limits.h> #include "BKE_modifier.h" #include "BKE_dynamicpaint.h" #include "DNA_dynamicpaint_types.h" #include "DNA_modifier_types.h" #include "DNA_object_force_types.h" #include "DNA_object_types.h" #include "DNA_scene_types.h" #include "RNA_define.h" #include "RNA_enum_types.h" #include "rna_internal.h" #include "WM_types.h" const EnumPropertyItem rna_enum_prop_dynamicpaint_type_items[] = { {MOD_DYNAMICPAINT_TYPE_CANVAS, "CANVAS", 0, "Canvas", ""}, {MOD_DYNAMICPAINT_TYPE_BRUSH, "BRUSH", 0, "Brush", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; #ifdef RNA_RUNTIME # include "BKE_context.h" # include "BKE_particle.h" # include "DEG_depsgraph.h" # include "DEG_depsgraph_build.h" static char *rna_DynamicPaintCanvasSettings_path(PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *settings = (DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *)ptr->data; ModifierData *md = (ModifierData *)settings->pmd; char name_esc[sizeof(md->name) * 2]; BLI_strescape(name_esc, md->name, sizeof(name_esc)); return BLI_sprintfN("modifiers[\"%s\"].canvas_settings", name_esc); } static char *rna_DynamicPaintBrushSettings_path(PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintBrushSettings *settings = (DynamicPaintBrushSettings *)ptr->data; ModifierData *md = (ModifierData *)settings->pmd; char name_esc[sizeof(md->name) * 2]; BLI_strescape(name_esc, md->name, sizeof(name_esc)); return BLI_sprintfN("modifiers[\"%s\"].brush_settings", name_esc); } static char *rna_DynamicPaintSurface_path(PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintSurface *surface = (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data; ModifierData *md = (ModifierData *)surface->canvas->pmd; char name_esc[sizeof(md->name) * 2]; char name_esc_surface[sizeof(surface->name) * 2]; BLI_strescape(name_esc, md->name, sizeof(name_esc)); BLI_strescape(name_esc_surface, surface->name, sizeof(name_esc_surface)); return BLI_sprintfN( "modifiers[\"%s\"].canvas_settings.canvas_surfaces[\"%s\"]", name_esc, name_esc_surface); } /* * Surfaces */ static void rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier(Main *UNUSED(bmain), Scene *UNUSED(scene), PointerRNA *ptr) { DEG_id_tag_update(ptr->owner_id, ID_RECALC_GEOMETRY); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurfaces_updateFrames(Main *UNUSED(bmain), Scene *UNUSED(scene), PointerRNA *ptr) { dynamicPaint_cacheUpdateFrames((DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset(Main *bmain, Scene *scene, PointerRNA *ptr) { dynamicPaint_resetSurface(scene, (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data); rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier(bmain, scene, ptr); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurface_initialcolortype(Main *bmain, Scene *scene, PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintSurface *surface = (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data; surface->init_layername[0] = '\0'; dynamicPaint_clearSurface(scene, surface); rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier(bmain, scene, ptr); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurface_uniqueName(Main *UNUSED(bmain), Scene *UNUSED(scene), PointerRNA *ptr) { dynamicPaintSurface_setUniqueName((DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data, ((DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data)->name); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurface_changeType(Main *bmain, Scene *scene, PointerRNA *ptr) { dynamicPaintSurface_updateType((DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data); dynamicPaint_resetSurface(scene, (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data); rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset(bmain, scene, ptr); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurfaces_changeFormat(Main *bmain, Scene *scene, PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintSurface *surface = (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data; surface->type = MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_T_PAINT; dynamicPaintSurface_updateType((DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data); rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset(bmain, scene, ptr); } static void rna_DynamicPaint_reset_dependency(Main *bmain, Scene *UNUSED(scene), PointerRNA *UNUSED(ptr)) { DEG_relations_tag_update(bmain); } static void rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset_dependency(Main *bmain, Scene *scene, PointerRNA *ptr) { rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset(bmain, scene, ptr); rna_DynamicPaint_reset_dependency(bmain, scene, ptr); } static PointerRNA rna_PaintSurface_active_get(PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *canvas = (DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *)ptr->data; DynamicPaintSurface *surface = canvas->surfaces.first; int id = 0; for (; surface; surface = surface->next) { if (id == canvas->active_sur) { return rna_pointer_inherit_refine(ptr, &RNA_DynamicPaintSurface, surface); } id++; } return rna_pointer_inherit_refine(ptr, &RNA_DynamicPaintSurface, NULL); } static void rna_DynamicPaint_surfaces_begin(CollectionPropertyIterator *iter, PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *canvas = (DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *)ptr->data; # if 0 rna_iterator_array_begin( iter, (void *)canvas->surfaces, sizeof(PaintSurface), canvas->totsur, 0, 0); # endif rna_iterator_listbase_begin(iter, &canvas->surfaces, NULL); } static int rna_Surface_active_point_index_get(PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *canvas = (DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *)ptr->data; return canvas->active_sur; } static void rna_Surface_active_point_index_set(struct PointerRNA *ptr, int value) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *canvas = (DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *)ptr->data; canvas->active_sur = value; return; } static void rna_Surface_active_point_range( PointerRNA *ptr, int *min, int *max, int *UNUSED(softmin), int *UNUSED(softmax)) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *canvas = (DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *)ptr->data; *min = 0; *max = BLI_listbase_count(&canvas->surfaces) - 1; } /* uvlayer */ static void rna_DynamicPaint_uvlayer_set(PointerRNA *ptr, const char *value) { DynamicPaintCanvasSettings *canvas = ((DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data)->canvas; DynamicPaintSurface *surface = canvas->surfaces.first; int id = 0; for (; surface; surface = surface->next) { if (id == canvas->active_sur) { rna_object_uvlayer_name_set( ptr, value, surface->uvlayer_name, sizeof(surface->uvlayer_name)); return; } id++; } } /* is point cache used */ static bool rna_DynamicPaint_is_cache_user_get(PointerRNA *ptr) { DynamicPaintSurface *surface = (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data; return (surface->format != MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_IMAGESEQ) ? 1 : 0; } /* does output layer exist*/ static bool rna_DynamicPaint_is_output_exists(DynamicPaintSurface *surface, Object *ob, int index) { return dynamicPaint_outputLayerExists(surface, ob, index); } static const EnumPropertyItem *rna_DynamicPaint_surface_type_itemf(bContext *UNUSED(C), PointerRNA *ptr, PropertyRNA *UNUSED(prop), bool *r_free) { DynamicPaintSurface *surface = (DynamicPaintSurface *)ptr->data; EnumPropertyItem *item = NULL; EnumPropertyItem tmp = {0, "", 0, "", ""}; int totitem = 0; /* Paint type - available for all formats */ tmp.value = MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_T_PAINT; tmp.identifier = "PAINT"; tmp.name = "Paint"; tmp.icon = ICON_TPAINT_HLT; RNA_enum_item_add(&item, &totitem, &tmp); /* Displace */ if (surface->format == MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_VERTEX || surface->format == MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_IMAGESEQ) { tmp.value = MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_T_DISPLACE; tmp.identifier = "DISPLACE"; tmp.name = "Displace"; tmp.icon = ICON_MOD_DISPLACE; RNA_enum_item_add(&item, &totitem, &tmp); } /* Weight */ if (surface->format == MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_VERTEX) { tmp.value = MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_T_WEIGHT; tmp.identifier = "WEIGHT"; tmp.name = "Weight"; tmp.icon = ICON_MOD_VERTEX_WEIGHT; RNA_enum_item_add(&item, &totitem, &tmp); } /* Height waves */ { tmp.value = MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_T_WAVE; tmp.identifier = "WAVE"; tmp.name = "Waves"; tmp.icon = ICON_MOD_WAVE; RNA_enum_item_add(&item, &totitem, &tmp); } RNA_enum_item_end(&item, &totitem); *r_free = true; return item; } #else /* canvas.canvas_surfaces */ static void rna_def_canvas_surfaces(BlenderRNA *brna, PropertyRNA *cprop) { StructRNA *srna; PropertyRNA *prop; RNA_def_property_srna(cprop, "DynamicPaintSurfaces"); srna = RNA_def_struct(brna, "DynamicPaintSurfaces", NULL); RNA_def_struct_sdna(srna, "DynamicPaintCanvasSettings"); RNA_def_struct_ui_text(srna, "Canvas Surfaces", "Collection of Dynamic Paint Canvas surfaces"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "active_index", PROP_INT, PROP_UNSIGNED); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_int_funcs(prop, "rna_Surface_active_point_index_get", "rna_Surface_active_point_index_set", "rna_Surface_active_point_range"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Active Point Cache Index", ""); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "active", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "DynamicPaintSurface"); RNA_def_property_pointer_funcs(prop, "rna_PaintSurface_active_get", NULL, NULL, NULL); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Active Surface", "Active Dynamic Paint surface being displayed"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_DRAW, NULL); } static void rna_def_canvas_surface(BlenderRNA *brna) { StructRNA *srna; PropertyRNA *prop; PropertyRNA *parm; FunctionRNA *func; /* Surface format */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_surface_format[] = { /*{MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_PTEX, "PTEX", ICON_TEXTURE_SHADED, "Ptex", ""}, */ {MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_VERTEX, "VERTEX", ICON_OUTLINER_DATA_MESH, "Vertex", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_F_IMAGESEQ, "IMAGE", ICON_FILE_IMAGE, "Image Sequence", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; /* Surface type - generated dynamically based on surface format */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_surface_type[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_SURFACE_T_PAINT, "PAINT", 0, "Paint", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; /* Initial color setting */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_init_color_type[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_INITIAL_NONE, "NONE", 0, "None", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_INITIAL_COLOR, "COLOR", ICON_COLOR, "Color", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_INITIAL_TEXTURE, "TEXTURE", ICON_TEXTURE, "UV Texture", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_INITIAL_VERTEXCOLOR, "VERTEX_COLOR", ICON_GROUP_VCOL, "Vertex Color", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; /* Effect type * Only used by ui to view per effect settings */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_effecttype[] = { {1, "SPREAD", 0, "Spread", ""}, {2, "DRIP", 0, "Drip", ""}, {3, "SHRINK", 0, "Shrink", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; /* Displacemap file format */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_image_fileformat[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_IMGFORMAT_PNG, "PNG", 0, "PNG", ""}, # ifdef WITH_OPENEXR {MOD_DPAINT_IMGFORMAT_OPENEXR, "OPENEXR", 0, "OpenEXR", ""}, # endif {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; /* Displacemap type */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_displace_type[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_DISP_DISPLACE, "DISPLACE", 0, "Displacement", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_DISP_DEPTH, "DEPTH", 0, "Depth", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; /* Surface */ srna = RNA_def_struct(brna, "DynamicPaintSurface", NULL); RNA_def_struct_sdna(srna, "DynamicPaintSurface"); RNA_def_struct_ui_text(srna, "Paint Surface", "A canvas surface layer"); RNA_def_struct_path_func(srna, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_path"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "surface_format", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_sdna(prop, NULL, "format"); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_surface_format); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Format", "Surface Format"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurfaces_changeFormat"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "surface_type", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_sdna(prop, NULL, "type"); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_surface_type); RNA_def_property_enum_funcs(prop, NULL, NULL, "rna_DynamicPaint_surface_type_itemf"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Surface Type", "Surface Type"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_changeType"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "is_active", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_ACTIVE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Is Active", "Toggle whether surface is processed or ignored"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "name", PROP_STRING, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Name", "Surface name"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_uniqueName"); RNA_def_struct_name_property(srna, prop); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "brush_collection", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "Collection"); RNA_def_property_pointer_sdna(prop, NULL, "brush_group"); RNA_def_property_flag(prop, PROP_EDITABLE); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Brush Collection", "Only use brush objects from this collection"); RNA_def_property_update( prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset_dependency"); /* * Paint, wet and displace */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_dissolve", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_DISSOLVE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Dissolve", "Enable to make surface changes disappear over time"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "dissolve_speed", PROP_INT, PROP_TIME); RNA_def_property_int_sdna(prop, NULL, "diss_speed"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 1.0, 10000.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 1.0, 10000.0, 5, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Dissolve Time", "Approximately in how many frames should dissolve happen"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_drying", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_USE_DRYING); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Dry", "Enable to make surface wetness dry over time"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "dry_speed", PROP_INT, PROP_TIME); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 1.0, 10000.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 1.0, 10000.0, 5, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Dry Time", "Approximately in how many frames should drying happen"); /* * Simulation settings */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "image_resolution", PROP_INT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 16.0, 4096.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 16.0, 4096.0, 1, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Resolution", "Output image resolution"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "uv_layer", PROP_STRING, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_string_sdna(prop, NULL, "uvlayer_name"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "UV Map", "UV map name"); RNA_def_property_string_funcs(prop, NULL, NULL, "rna_DynamicPaint_uvlayer_set"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "frame_start", PROP_INT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_int_sdna(prop, NULL, "start_frame"); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 1.0, MAXFRAMEF); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 1.0, 9999, 1, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Start Frame", "Simulation start frame"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurfaces_updateFrames"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "frame_end", PROP_INT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_int_sdna(prop, NULL, "end_frame"); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 1.0, MAXFRAMEF); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 1.0, 9999.0, 1, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "End Frame", "Simulation end frame"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurfaces_updateFrames"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "frame_substeps", PROP_INT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_int_sdna(prop, NULL, "substeps"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 20.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 10, 1, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Sub-Steps", "Do extra frames between scene frames to ensure smooth motion"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_antialiasing", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_ANTIALIAS); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Anti-Aliasing", "Use 5x multisampling to smooth paint edges"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "brush_influence_scale", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_FACTOR); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "influence_scale"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Influence Scale", "Adjust influence brush objects have on this surface"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "brush_radius_scale", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_FACTOR); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "radius_scale"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Radius Scale", "Adjust radius of proximity brushes or particles for this surface"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); /* * Initial Color */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "init_color_type", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_init_color_type); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Initial Color", ""); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_MATERIAL | ND_SHADING_DRAW | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_initialcolortype"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "init_color", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_COLOR_GAMMA); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_array(prop, 4); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Color", "Initial color of the surface"); RNA_def_property_update( prop, NC_MATERIAL | ND_SHADING_DRAW | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "init_texture", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_flag(prop, PROP_EDITABLE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Texture", ""); RNA_def_property_update( prop, NC_MATERIAL | ND_SHADING_DRAW | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "init_layername", PROP_STRING, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Data Layer", ""); RNA_def_property_update( prop, NC_MATERIAL | ND_SHADING_DRAW | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); /* * Effect Settings */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "effect_ui", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_effecttype); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Effect Type", ""); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_dry_log", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_DRY_LOG); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Slow", "Use logarithmic drying (makes high values to dry faster than low values)"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_dissolve_log", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_DISSOLVE_LOG); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Slow", "Use logarithmic dissolve (makes high values to fade faster than low values)"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_spread", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "effect", MOD_DPAINT_EFFECT_DO_SPREAD); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Use Spread", "Process spread effect (spread wet paint around surface)"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "spread_speed", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "spread_speed"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.001, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.01, 5.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Spread Speed", "How fast spread effect moves on the canvas surface"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "color_dry_threshold", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_FACTOR); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "color_dry_threshold"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Color Dry", "The wetness level when colors start to shift to the background"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "color_spread_speed", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "color_spread_speed"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 2.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 2.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Color Spread", "How fast colors get mixed within wet paint"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_drip", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "effect", MOD_DPAINT_EFFECT_DO_DRIP); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Use Drip", "Process drip effect (drip wet paint to gravity direction)"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_shrink", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "effect", MOD_DPAINT_EFFECT_DO_SHRINK); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Use Shrink", "Process shrink effect (shrink paint areas)"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "shrink_speed", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "shrink_speed"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.001, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.01, 5.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Shrink Speed", "How fast shrink effect moves on the canvas surface"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "effector_weights", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "EffectorWeights"); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_EDITABLE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Effector Weights", ""); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "drip_velocity", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "drip_vel"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, -200.0f, 200.0f); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.1, 3); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Velocity", "How much surface velocity affects dripping"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "drip_acceleration", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "drip_acc"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, -200.0f, 200.0f); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.1, 3); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Acceleration", "How much surface acceleration affects dripping"); /* * Output settings */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_premultiply", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_MULALPHA); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Premultiply Alpha", "Multiply color by alpha (recommended for Blender input)"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "image_output_path", PROP_STRING, PROP_DIRPATH); RNA_def_property_string_sdna(prop, NULL, "image_output_path"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Output Path", "Directory to save the textures"); /* output for primary surface data */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "output_name_a", PROP_STRING, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_string_sdna(prop, NULL, "output_name"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Output Name", "Name used to save output from this surface"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_output_a", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_OUT1); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Use Output", "Save this output layer"); /* output for secondary sufrace data */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "output_name_b", PROP_STRING, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_string_sdna(prop, NULL, "output_name2"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Output Name", "Name used to save output from this surface"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_output_b", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_OUT2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Use Output", "Save this output layer"); /* to check if output name exists */ func = RNA_def_function(srna, "output_exists", "rna_DynamicPaint_is_output_exists"); RNA_def_function_ui_description(func, "Checks if surface output layer of given name exists"); parm = RNA_def_pointer(func, "object", "Object", "", ""); RNA_def_parameter_flags(parm, PROP_NEVER_NULL, PARM_REQUIRED); parm = RNA_def_int(func, "index", 0, 0, 1, "Index", "", 0, 1); RNA_def_parameter_flags(parm, 0, PARM_REQUIRED); /* return type */ parm = RNA_def_boolean(func, "exists", 0, "", ""); RNA_def_function_return(func, parm); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "depth_clamp", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.00, 50.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.00, 5.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Max Displace", "Maximum level of depth intersection in object space (use 0.0 to disable)"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "displace_factor", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "disp_factor"); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, -50.0, 50.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, -5.0, 5.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Displace Factor", "Strength of displace when applied to the mesh"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "image_fileformat", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_image_fileformat); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "File Format", ""); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "displace_type", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_enum_sdna(prop, NULL, "disp_type"); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_displace_type); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Data Type", ""); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_incremental_displace", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_DISP_INCREMENTAL); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Incremental", "New displace is added cumulatively on top of existing"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaintSurface_reset"); /* wave simulator settings */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_damping", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.01, 1.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Damping", "Wave damping factor"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_speed", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.01, 5.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.20, 4.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Speed", "Wave propagation speed"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_timescale", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.01, 3.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.01, 1.5, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Timescale", "Wave time scaling factor"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_spring", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.01, 1.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Spring", "Spring force that pulls water level back to zero"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_smoothness", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.1, 5.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Smoothness", "Limit maximum steepness of wave slope between simulation points " "(use higher values for smoother waves at expense of reduced detail)"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_wave_open_border", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_WAVE_OPEN_BORDERS); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Open Borders", "Pass waves through mesh edges"); /* cache */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "point_cache", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_flag(prop, PROP_NEVER_NULL); RNA_def_property_pointer_sdna(prop, NULL, "pointcache"); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "PointCache"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Point Cache", ""); /* is cache used */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "is_cache_user", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_funcs(prop, "rna_DynamicPaint_is_cache_user_get", NULL); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Use Cache", ""); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE | PROP_EDITABLE); } static void rna_def_dynamic_paint_canvas_settings(BlenderRNA *brna) { StructRNA *srna; PropertyRNA *prop; srna = RNA_def_struct(brna, "DynamicPaintCanvasSettings", NULL); RNA_def_struct_ui_text(srna, "Canvas Settings", "Dynamic Paint canvas settings"); RNA_def_struct_sdna(srna, "DynamicPaintCanvasSettings"); RNA_def_struct_path_func(srna, "rna_DynamicPaintCanvasSettings_path"); /* * Surface Slots */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "canvas_surfaces", PROP_COLLECTION, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_collection_funcs(prop, "rna_DynamicPaint_surfaces_begin", "rna_iterator_listbase_next", "rna_iterator_listbase_end", "rna_iterator_listbase_get", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "DynamicPaintSurface"); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Paint Surface List", "Paint surface list"); rna_def_canvas_surfaces(brna, prop); } static void rna_def_dynamic_paint_brush_settings(BlenderRNA *brna) { StructRNA *srna; PropertyRNA *prop; /* paint collision type */ static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_collisiontype[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_COL_PSYS, "PARTICLE_SYSTEM", ICON_PARTICLES, "Particle System", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_COL_POINT, "POINT", ICON_EMPTY_AXIS, "Object Center", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_COL_DIST, "DISTANCE", ICON_DRIVER_DISTANCE, "Proximity", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_COL_VOLDIST, "VOLUME_DISTANCE", ICON_META_CUBE, "Mesh Volume + Proximity", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_COL_VOLUME, "VOLUME", ICON_MESH_CUBE, "Mesh Volume", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_prox_falloff[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_PRFALL_SMOOTH, "SMOOTH", ICON_SPHERECURVE, "Smooth", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_PRFALL_CONSTANT, "CONSTANT", ICON_NOCURVE, "Constant", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_PRFALL_RAMP, "RAMP", ICON_COLOR, "Color Ramp", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_brush_wave_type[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_WAVEB_CHANGE, "CHANGE", 0, "Depth Change", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_WAVEB_DEPTH, "DEPTH", 0, "Obstacle", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_WAVEB_FORCE, "FORCE", 0, "Force", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_WAVEB_REFLECT, "REFLECT", 0, "Reflect Only", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; static const EnumPropertyItem prop_dynamicpaint_brush_ray_dir[] = { {MOD_DPAINT_RAY_CANVAS, "CANVAS", 0, "Canvas Normal", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_RAY_BRUSH_AVG, "BRUSH", 0, "Brush Normal", ""}, {MOD_DPAINT_RAY_ZPLUS, "Z_AXIS", 0, "Z-Axis", ""}, {0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}, }; srna = RNA_def_struct(brna, "DynamicPaintBrushSettings", NULL); RNA_def_struct_ui_text(srna, "Brush Settings", "Brush settings"); RNA_def_struct_sdna(srna, "DynamicPaintBrushSettings"); RNA_def_struct_path_func(srna, "rna_DynamicPaintBrushSettings_path"); /* * Paint */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "paint_color", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_COLOR_GAMMA); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "r"); RNA_def_property_array(prop, 3); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Paint Color", "Color of the paint"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "paint_alpha", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "alpha"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 5, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Paint Alpha", "Paint alpha"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_absolute_alpha", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_ABS_ALPHA); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Absolute Alpha", "Only increase alpha value if paint alpha is higher than existing"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "paint_wetness", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "wetness"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 5, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Paint Wetness", "Paint wetness, visible in wetmap (some effects only affect wet paint)"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_paint_erase", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_ERASE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Erase Paint", "Erase / remove paint instead of adding it"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_type", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_brush_wave_type); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Wave Type", ""); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_factor", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, -2.0, 2.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, -1.0, 1.0, 5, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Factor", "Multiplier for wave influence of this brush"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "wave_clamp", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.00, 50.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.00, 5.0, 1, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Clamp Waves", "Maximum level of surface intersection used to influence waves (use 0.0 to disable)"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_smudge", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_DO_SMUDGE); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Do Smudge", "Make this brush to smudge existing paint as it moves"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "smudge_strength", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 5, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Smudge Strength", "Smudge effect strength"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "velocity_max", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "max_velocity"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0001, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.1, 2.0, 5, 2); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Max Velocity", "Velocity considered as maximum influence (Blender units per frame)"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_velocity_alpha", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_VELOCITY_ALPHA); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Multiply Alpha", "Multiply brush influence by velocity color ramp alpha"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_velocity_depth", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_VELOCITY_DEPTH); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Multiply Depth", "Multiply brush intersection depth (displace, waves) by velocity ramp alpha"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_velocity_color", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_VELOCITY_COLOR); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Replace Color", "Replace brush color by velocity color ramp"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); /* * Paint Area / Collision */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "paint_source", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_sdna(prop, NULL, "collision"); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_collisiontype); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Paint Source", ""); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "paint_distance", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "paint_distance"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 500.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 500.0, 10, 3); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Proximity Distance", "Maximum distance from brush to mesh surface to affect paint"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_proximity_ramp_alpha", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_RAMP_ALPHA); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Only Use Alpha", "Only read color ramp alpha"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "proximity_falloff", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_clear_flag(prop, PROP_ANIMATABLE); RNA_def_property_enum_sdna(prop, NULL, "proximity_falloff"); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_prox_falloff); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Falloff", "Proximity falloff type"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_proximity_project", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_PROX_PROJECT); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Project", "Brush is projected to canvas from defined direction within brush proximity"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "ray_direction", PROP_ENUM, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_enum_sdna(prop, NULL, "ray_dir"); RNA_def_property_enum_items(prop, prop_dynamicpaint_brush_ray_dir); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Ray Direction", "Ray direction to use for projection (if brush object is located in that direction " "it's painted)"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "invert_proximity", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_INVERSE_PROX); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Inner Proximity", "Proximity falloff is applied inside the volume"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_negative_volume", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_NEGATE_VOLUME); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Negate Volume", "Negate influence inside the volume"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); /* * Particle */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "particle_system", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_pointer_sdna(prop, NULL, "psys"); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "ParticleSystem"); RNA_def_property_flag(prop, PROP_EDITABLE); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Particle Systems", "The particle system to paint with"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_reset_dependency"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "use_particle_radius", PROP_BOOLEAN, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_boolean_sdna(prop, NULL, "flags", MOD_DPAINT_PART_RAD); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Use Particle Radius", "Use radius from particle settings"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "solid_radius", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "particle_radius"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.01, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.01, 2.0, 5, 3); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Solid Radius", "Radius that will be painted solid"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "smooth_radius", PROP_FLOAT, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_float_sdna(prop, NULL, "particle_smooth"); RNA_def_property_range(prop, 0.0, 10.0); RNA_def_property_ui_range(prop, 0.0, 1.0, 5, -1); RNA_def_property_ui_text(prop, "Smooth Radius", "Smooth falloff added after solid radius"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); /* * Color ramps */ prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "paint_ramp", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_pointer_sdna(prop, NULL, "paint_ramp"); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "ColorRamp"); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Paint Color Ramp", "Color ramp used to define proximity falloff"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); prop = RNA_def_property(srna, "velocity_ramp", PROP_POINTER, PROP_NONE); RNA_def_property_pointer_sdna(prop, NULL, "vel_ramp"); RNA_def_property_struct_type(prop, "ColorRamp"); RNA_def_property_ui_text( prop, "Velocity Color Ramp", "Color ramp used to define brush velocity effect"); RNA_def_property_update(prop, NC_OBJECT | ND_MODIFIER, "rna_DynamicPaint_redoModifier"); } void RNA_def_dynamic_paint(BlenderRNA *brna) { rna_def_dynamic_paint_canvas_settings(brna); rna_def_dynamic_paint_brush_settings(brna); rna_def_canvas_surface(brna); } #endif | Mid | [
0.582781456953642,
33,
23.625
] |
Q: Can multiple values from MongoDB doc be returned using PHP distinct? Using MongoDB with PHP driver; For the purpose of the question, I have a simple Mongo collection and each doc has 4 rows. I'd like to get the distinct username AND id when doing a query, while using a where clause based on the public value. my code for testing: $m = new Mongo; $db = $m->selectDB("test"); $db->dropCollection("activities"); $collection = $db->activities; $collection->insert(array("username" => "brady", "public" => "Y", "userId" => "1", "activity" => "blah")); $collection->insert(array("username" => "scott", "public" => "Y", "userId" => "2", "activity" => "blah")); $collection->insert(array("username" => "brady", "public" => "N", "userId" => "1", "activity" => "blah")); $cursor = $db->command(array("distinct"=> "activities", "key" => "username", "query"=>array("public"=>"Y"))); var_dump($cursor['values']); The dump produces: array(2) { [0]=> string(5) "brady" [1]=> string(5) "scott" } I want the username, but I also want the userId. Could anyone help me figure out how to get both values from the doc while using distinct? A: You can't do this with distinct: http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/distinct/ it only supports single keys. You can however achieve this with the aggregation framework. It should be easy to translate this to PHP: db.activities.aggregate({ $match: { public: "Y" } }, { $group: { _id: 1, names: { $addToSet: "$username" }, ids: { $addToSet: "$userId" } } } }); On your test data I get: { "result" : [ { "_id" : 1, "names" : [ "scott", "brady" ], "ids" : [ 2, 1 ] } ], "ok" : 1 } | Mid | [
0.625820568927789,
35.75,
21.375
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE WASHINGTON - Today, Congressman Ted W. Lieu (D | Los Angeles County) wrote to the Alabama State Bar (ASB) Office of General Counsel highlighting possible violations of the Alabama Rules of Professional Conduct, which govern the behavior of all lawyers admitted to the ASB. The letter discusses Mr. Sessions’ possible violation of the terms of his recusal regarding any matters related to the 2016 campaigns, false statements under oath during his confirmation hearings, and possible conflict of interest violations. Specifically, Mr. Lieu cites Rules 1.11 (“Successive Government and Private Employment”), 3.3 (“Candor Towards the Tribunal”), and 8.4 (“Misconduct”). In the letter, Mr. Lieu writes: “As a Member of Congress serving on the Judiciary Committee, I believe respect for the rule of law and proper oversight of our judicial system are vital to a healthy democracy. Therefore, I would like to call your attention to several actions taken by Attorney General Sessions that appear to have violated Alabama Rules of Professional Conduct 1.11 (“Successive Government and Private Employment”), 3.3 (“Candor Towards the Tribunal”), and 8.4 (“Misconduct”). I respectfully request this letter be included for the record in any potential existing or future investigation into Attorney General Sessions.” “It is deeply disturbing that Mr. Comey’s firing – in which Mr. Sessions played a role by crafting a cover letter for Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein’s memo urging Mr. Comey’s firing – appears to have been based, in part, on Mr. Comey’s handling of the ongoing FBI investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 elections.” FULL TEXT OF MR. LIEU’S LETTER ### | High | [
0.6890756302521001,
41,
18.5
] |
Aleksandr Kolesov Alexander Andreyevich Kolesov (Russian: Александр Андреевич Колесов; 1 February 1922 – 31 July 1994) was a Soviet officer and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kolesov was awarded the title for his actions during the Battle of the Dnieper. Due the wounds he suffered during the fighting, Kolesov was not able to hold another combat post during the war. However, he returned to the Army postwar and eventually retired as a colonel. He later worked as a quality controller within the Soviet military equipment procurement organization. Early life Kolesov was born on 1 February 1922 in Sukhovsky, Alexeyevsky District, Volgograd Oblast. In 1934, he moved to the village of Ust-Buzulukskaya in the same district. After finishing school in 1939, he worked as a radio operator and as an assistant projectionist in the regional Palace of Culture at Kruglovka in Nekhayevsky District. World War II Kolesov was drafted in May 1941. He was sent to the 381st Airfield Services Battalion in the Kiev Military District. Kolesov served with the 346th Separate Reconnaissance Company in the 253rd Rifle Division from October 1941. Fighting on the Southwestern Front and the Southern Front (Soviet Union), Kolesov fought in the Donbass-Rostov Strategic Defensive Operation and was slightly wounded twice. In January 1942, he was sent to an airborne course and graduated in May 1942. Kolesov was then assigned to the 3rd Guards Airborne Division, with which he fought during the Demyansk Pocket operations, the Battle of Kursk and the Battle of Kiev. In October 1943, Kolesov commanded a platoon of anti-tank guns in the 8th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 3rd Guards Airborne Division. During the Battle of the Dnieper on 5 October, he destroyed two German self-propelled guns with anti-tank grenades, causing a German counterattack to be repulsed. On 23 December, he was severely wounded and sent to hospital. On 10 January 1944, Kolesov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin. He was released from the hospital in February 1944. He was then on duty with the assistant commandant of Khimki from April to October. Kolesov then was on duty with the assistant commandant of Dzerzhinsk. In 1945, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Postwar In June 1946 Kolesov was discharged with the rank of senior lieutenant. Between 1946 and 1947, he worked as the chief of the personnel department for the Kruglovskogo Executive Committee in the Volgograd Oblast. He then became the head of the personnel department of the Moscow transport hub, part of the operational office of the Ministry of Railways. In May 1949 he rejoined the army. Kolesov became a platoon commander in a construction battalion. From 1950, he served as an officer in the Main Military Construction Headquarters. He graduated from the Central Correspondence Mounting College in 1959. In 1964 he transferred to the Management of Materials and Funds department in the Ministry of Defence. He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour on 22 February 1968. Kolesov retired as a colonel in April 1974. Between February and April 1976, he worked as a technician in the Soviet military equipment quality control organization. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class in 1985 on the 40th anniversary of the end of World War II. He lived in Moscow and died on 31 July 1994. Kolesov was buried in the Pyatnitskoye cemetery. References Category:1922 births Category:1994 deaths Category:People from Alexeyevsky District, Volgograd Oblast Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin Category:Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Category:Soviet Army officers Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members | High | [
0.6597222222222221,
23.75,
12.25
] |
Autocatalytic reactions of phase distributed active particles. We investigate the effect of asynchronism of autocatalytic reactions taking place in open hydrodynamical flows, by assigning a phase to each particle in the system to differentiate the timing of the reaction, while the reaction rate (periodicity) is kept unchanged. The chaotic saddle in the flow dynamics acts as a catalyst and enhances the reaction in the same fashion as in the case of a synchronous reaction that was studied previously, proving that the same type of nonlinear reaction kinetics is valid in the phase-distributed situation. More importantly, we show that, in a certain range of a parameter, the phenomenon of phase selection can occur, when a group of particles with a particular phase is favored over the others, thus occupying a larger fraction of the available space, or eventually leading to the extinction of the unfavored phases. We discuss the biological relevance of this latter phenomenon. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics. | High | [
0.6632911392405061,
32.75,
16.625
] |
Hard-face technology is a metal surface reinforcement technology, and comprises thermal spraying, spray welding, overlay welding, and the like. The essence of hard-face technology lies in using composite material to prepare metal mechanical parts such that the metal mechanical parts have good abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. A wide variety of products can be produced by hard-face technology, and can be widely used in iron and steel, aerospace, automobile, general machinery, energy, petrochemical, textile, paper-making and other industries. In the existing hard-face technology, the hard-face material can be iron-based, nickel-based or tungsten carbide material, which can meet the requirements of general mechanical part surface for abrasion and corrosion resistance and impact resistance. However, for some extremely harsh working conditions or some parts that require high abrasion and corrosion resistance properties or the like, such as TC bearings, drilling tools, stabilizers, etc., they are often operated in a liquid medium that is high erosional, strong acidic, strong alkali or the like and are susceptive to erosion and abrasion, thus the above hard-face materials cannot satisfy their use requirements. Composite hard-face materials exhibit high abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, and can satisfy the use requirements of higher conditions. Methods for preparing composite hard-face material include both sintering and spray welding. However, the matrix of the composite hard-face material prepared by means of sintering has a decreased hardness due to a high sintering temperature, thus the resultant products are easy to deform during use, affecting the cooperated use between respective parts. For the composite hard-face material prepared by means of spray welding, the bonding between the hard face layer and the matrix is not strong enough due to a semi-metallurgical bonding, and the hard face layer tends to peel off from the products during use. Moreover, the material prepared by means of spray welding has 2% to 5% of microporosity, which will greatly reduce the abrasion resistance of the hard face layer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite hard-face material having excellent abrasion resistance. | Mid | [
0.6296296296296291,
34,
20
] |
FULL-TIME MBA Leadership and Organizational Behavior FULL-TIME MBA Leadership and Organizational Behavior The Leadership and Organizational Behavior major is for those students who want to develop expertise in leadership, learning to manage oneself, manage others, manage teams and relationships with others, and lead organizational change. These courses provide a range of individual and group study, so that you have both a theoretical understanding of leadership and hands-on experience as a leader. | High | [
0.71505376344086,
33.25,
13.25
] |
include("custom_determ.jl") include("distributions.jl") include("choice_at.jl") include("call_at.jl") include("map.jl") include("unfold.jl") include("recurse.jl") include("dist_dsl.jl") | Mid | [
0.562015503875969,
36.25,
28.25
] |
Q: Gain Package Installation error in R 3.1.2 I am trying to install the Gains package in R Studio Version 3.1.2 like this: install.packages("gains") The following warnings appear: InternetOpenUrl failed: 'The server name or address could not be resolved' Warning in install.packages :unable to access index for repository http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/RWin/bin/windows/contrib/3.1 Warning in install.packages :package ‘gains’ is not available (for R version 3.1.2) Does anyone know how can I fix this? Thanks! A: I believe that the problem lies in your corrupted, incomplete or otherwise incorrect R environment. I was able to install that package without any problems at all just by issuing the default command: > install.packages("gains") Installing package into ‘C:/Users/Alex/Documents/R/win-library/3.1’ (as ‘lib’ is unspecified) trying URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/gains_1.1.zip' Content type 'application/zip' length 35802 bytes (34 Kb) opened URL downloaded 34 Kb package ‘gains’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked The downloaded binary packages are in C:\Users\Alex\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpSSRths\downloaded_packages > sessionInfo() R version 3.1.1 (2014-07-10) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 [2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252 [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252 [4] LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods [7] base loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] tools_3.1.1 As a quick solution to the problem, I suggest to specify CRAN mirror explicitly: install.packages("gains", repos = "http://cran.rstudio.com") | Mid | [
0.632653061224489,
31,
18
] |
Hugh R. Page Hugh Rowland Page Jr. (born 1956) is associate professor of Africana studies and theology at the University of Notre Dame. He has previously chaired the Africana studies department. He also serves as Dean of the First Year of Studies, and as Vice President and Associate Provost for Undergraduate Affairs. He is a leading scholar of esotericism in African-American religious experience. Page holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Hampton University and Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Near Eastern languages and civilizations from Harvard University. His dissertation at Harvard was on The Astral Revolt: A Study of Its Reflexes in Canaanite and Hebrew Literature. In addition to these academic qualifications, Page is also an Episcopal priest, and holds Master of Divinity and Master of Sacred Theology from the General Theological Seminary. Page was elected to membership in the Society for the Study of Black Religion in 2002. He also serves on the Board of Trustees of Stonehill College. Page served as the general editor for the Africana Bible, published in 2009. The Africana Bible was the "first commentary to gather voices from the Continent and the Diaspora into a single volume covering the entire Hebrew Bible." Selected bibliography Books References External links Page at University of Notre Dame Category:1956 births Category:American Africanists Category:African-American Episcopalians Category:American Episcopalians Category:American biblical scholars Category:American Episcopal priests Category:American Episcopal theologians Category:American religion academics Category:Hampton University alumni Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Living people Category:University of Notre Dame faculty Category:Anglican biblical scholars | High | [
0.700709219858156,
30.875,
13.1875
] |
Spanish news agency Europa Press said the device that exploded consisted of a vacuum flask attached to a bottle with inflammable liquid and cited sources saying some sort of anti-globalisation group could be behind the attack. The regional government in Valencia confirmed there had been an explosion that had damaged the building, but declined to comment further. Attacks on political party offices are relatively frequent in the Basque Country region in northern Spain. Youth groups linked to armed group ETA carry out sporadic attacks using petrol bombs or homemade explosives. ETA has killed 800 people in 40 years of bombings and shootings to back its demands for an independent Basque state. The government scrapped peace talks with ETA in December last year when the group bombed Madrid airport, killing two people in its first fatal attack since May 2003. | Mid | [
0.5526838966202781,
34.75,
28.125
] |
Effects of phloem on canopy dieback, tested with manipulations and a canker pathogen in the Corylus avellana/Anisogramma anomala host/pathogen system. Canker pathogens cause necrosis of the phloem, but in many host/pathogen systems, they also cause canopy dieback, which implicates xylem, not phloem dysfunction. We hypothesize that this dieback distal to the canker is caused by water stress resulting from the lack of a phloem-to-xylem connection, which in a healthy plant would allow delivery of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and water inward to aid in xylem embolism refilling. We tested several components of this hypothesis in the host/pathogen system Corylus avellana L./Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müll (Eastern filbert blight). Cankers were non-girdling and usually ≥0.1 m long. As expected, healthy controls had higher specific conductivity (Ks) than diseased stems, but unexpectedly, had similar moisture content (m.c.), showing that the lower Ks did not result from more embolisms in the diseased stems. Moreover, manipulations that removed cambium and phloem to simulate a canker, or that shaded stems to lower NSCs, did not result in lower Ks or m.c. than controls. The outer millimeter of xylem adjacent to a canker had infrequent tyloses and/or fungal hyphae in many but not all samples, and dye studies showed little xylem water transport in that region, but the incidence of these blockages was insufficient to cause the observed 19% decrease in Ks. Healthy stems had higher m.c. than diseased stems above the canker (or analogous) location and were longer for the same leaf weight, suggestive of water stress in the upper portion of diseased stems. These results suggest that dieback distal to cankers in this system results from the bottleneck in water transport in the region adjacent to a canker, but did not find evidence to support the requirement of a phloem-to-xylem connection for continued water transport. | Mid | [
0.6330935251798561,
33,
19.125
] |
Q: HighCharts columns with striated columns I am using highcharts to render some data. I want a column chart where the columns are striated or striped. Please could someone help me as to how this can be achieved. Thanks. A: You can use patterns: Image: http://jsfiddle.net/VmxPQ/ var r = chart.renderer, pattern = r.createElement('pattern') .attr({ id: 'pattern', patternUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse', x: 0, y: 0, width: 15, height: 15, viewBox: '0 0 10 10', }) .add(r.defs); r.rect(0, 0, 10, 10, 0) .attr('fill', '#ddd') .add(pattern); r.image('http://highcharts.com/demo/gfx/sun.png',0,0,30,30) .attr({ stroke: '#333' }) .add(pattern); pattern = r.createElement('pattern') .attr({ id: 'pattern2', patternUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse', x: 0, y: 0, width: 15, height: 15, viewBox: '0 0 10 10', }) .add(r.defs); r.rect(0, 0, 10, 10, 0) .attr('fill', '#eee') .add(pattern); //hover status r.image('http://highcharts.com/demo/gfx/sun.png',0,0,30,30) .attr({ stroke: '#666' }) .add(pattern); | Mid | [
0.5561224489795911,
27.25,
21.75
] |
Q: Read from XML write another XML I want to do a software who read something from xml and write another thing in other xml, example: From here I want the software to read all values between <>[value] <quest> <id>1</id> <reward_exp1>1848</reward_exp1> <reward_gold1>560</reward_gold1> </quest> And write something else like this <quest id="1"><reward gold="560" exp="184" /></quest> Can I find a tutorial or something? A: One way to do this would be to use linq to xml. Here are some links to get you started. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb387044.aspx http://www.dreamincode.net/forums/topic/218979-linq-to-xml/ There are other options e.g. xslt transform, xml dom | High | [
0.7135842880523731,
27.25,
10.9375
] |
Synthesis of DNA-organic molecule-DNA triblock oligomers using the amide coupling reaction and their enzymatic amplification. Precise electrical contact between single-molecule and electrodes is a first step to study single-molecule electronics and its application such as (bio)sensors and nanodevices. To realize a reliable electrical contact, we can use DNA as a template in the field of nanoelectronics because of its micrometer-scaled length with the thickness of nanometer-scale. In this paper, we studied the reactivity of the amide-coupling reaction to tether oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to organic molecules and the elongation of the ODNs by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to synthesize 1.5 kbp dsDNA-organic molecule-1.5 kbp dsDNA (DOD) triblock architecture. The successful amide-coupling reactions were confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the triblock architectures were characterized by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscope (AFM). Our result shows that this strategy is simple and makes it easy to construct DNA-organic molecule-DNA triblock architectures and potentially provides a platform to prepare and investigate single molecule electronics. | High | [
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Reusable graphical interface to genome information resources. This paper describes a prototype genome display and query system for the World Wide Web, which could play the role of a graphical interactive gateway to online genome information services. It provides a uniform interface to display mapping and sequencing data for the human, mouse and yeast genomes and could be easily extended to accommodate more information as it becomes available. This system uses a Java applet, DerBrowser, for delivering interactive content to an end user. The architecture and functionality of this applet are described, with respect to views of both users and data providers. | High | [
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Opinion was full of misinformation Rod Bergengren of Cambridge recently wrote an opinion that was full of misinformation. He should have checked his sources more carefully as they failed to meet the test of objectivity. Hopefully the readers of the Isanti County News can see through his misuse of the facts to warp the truth. He sited a study from Amsterdam that appeared in the journal AIDS. If he had done further research he would have found the study to be flawed and unscientific. He also quoted Daniel Villarreal, and while the quote was correct, Mr. Bergengren should have read the entire original source. He would have understood the point Mr. Villarreal was making. Instead, Mr. Villarreal’s words were taken out of context. Mr. Bergengren also sited www.conservapedia.com as a source of information. He should have realized that this site contains material that is only one-sided and very anti GLBT everything. Mr. Bergengren also states that GLBT people cannot reproduce so they must recruit to keep homosexuality going. Most of the people in the human race, if they are healthy, can reproduce. Gay people do not need to recruit. Gay people have been around for as long as history has been recorded. A gay person knows his/her own sexuality as sure as a heterosexual does, and they don’t become a homosexual by recruitment. Mr. Bergengren also makes a statement concerning indoctrination. Don’t we indoctrinate young people from an early age to help them understand the norms and mores of our culture? There is nothing wrong with helping them to understand that human sexuality exists on a sliding scale from heterosexual to homosexual, and that people fall in all sorts of ranges along that scale. It is important for people to come out of our educational system with an understanding that human sexuality contains many variables. If two people are in a loving relationship and if they choose to be a family, I do not care what their sexual orientation is as long as they can obtain equal status exactly the same as a heterosexual couple with all the 515 benefits provided by state government. | Low | [
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gag manga biyori An interesting post by omo about the usage of the phrase ‘slice-of-life’ sparked a small chain of responses. So we did it the way we can, with our podcast. It’s not a breakthrough in thought exercise, but we’re happy enough to hopefully inform people about the rather ambiguous slice-of-life phrase we tag onto anime. If anything, we manage to add more criteria which lets one be more accurate when pinning an anime as slice-of-life. And the image above is nekomimi mold. Of all the images I could have used, we went with an idea from the podcast. I’m too lazy to color it the proper cheese-yellow color, so you’ll just have to make do with a bad sketch. | Low | [
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Take these little words of living, of love, of lust, of losing it all and crumple them up into little balls like another messed up drawing and put them in a pile and watch as she sets them ablaze. Watch as she burns it all down to the ground — to ashes that catch in the wind and smell like campfire memoirs. Then, stand there in a murmuring stupor as she gives you more words to write then you could ever imagine, and less than a lifetime to write them as she says “I love you.” You never needed those old words anyway. They were just filler until you learned how to live, to love, to lust… | Mid | [
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82 Ill.2d 305 (1980) 412 N.E.2d 537 THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Appellee, v. MICHAEL KRUEGER, Appellant. No. 52566. Supreme Court of Illinois. Opinion filed October 17, 1980. *306 *307 Mary Robinson, Deputy Defender, of the Office of the State Appellate Defender, of Elgin (Patrick M. Carmody, law student, of counsel), for appellant. William J. Scott, Attorney General, of Springfield (Donald B. Mackay, Melbourne A. Noel, Jr., and Mark L. Rotert, Assistant Attorneys General, of counsel), for the People. Judgment affirmed. MR. JUSTICE MORAN delivered the opinion of the court: Following a jury trial in the circuit court of Winnebago County, defendant, Michael Krueger, was convicted of murder and sentenced to 20 to 50 years in the penitentiary. The appellate court affirmed (74 Ill. App.3d 881), and we granted defendant leave to appeal. Defendant contends that the police violated his Miranda rights by continuing to interrogate him after he requested counsel. Prior to his trial for the murder of James Finnegan, defendant moved to suppress certain inculpatory statements made to three Rockford police officers soon after his arrest. A hearing was held on defendant's motion, during which it was revealed that defendant was arrested on the evening of November 4, 1976, pursuant to a sworn statement which defendant's girlfriend, Sharon Sularz, had given to the Rockford police. Her statement recited the details surrounding an incident in which defendant caused Finnegan's death by stabbing him several times with a knife while the two were struggling in a car during the early morning hours of August 28, 1976. Prior to *308 being questioned by Detective Donnelli, Detective Otwell and Sergeant Galvanoni, defendant was given the full Miranda warnings. Defendant stated that he understood his rights and, at 8:20 p.m., signed a written waiver-of-rights form. Defendant first answered questions about several burglaries, unrelated to the stabbing incident, and stated that he had been involved in nothing else. After being questioned about the stabbing, however, defendant signed a statement implicating himself in Finnegan's death. All three officers testified that defendant made no request relating to his Miranda rights during this time period. On cross-examination, however, each officer testified that defendant did make a response when they started to question him about the stabbing. According to Detective Donnelli, defendant said, "Wait a minute. Maybe I ought to have an attorney. You guys are trying to pin a murder rap on me, give me 20 to 40 years." Detective Otwell testified that defendant raised partially up out of his chair and said, "Hey, you're trying to pin a murder on me. Maybe I need a lawyer." Lastly, according to Sergeant Galvanoni, defendant said, "Just a minute. That's a 20 to 40 years sentence. Maybe I ought to talk to an attorney. You're trying to pin a murder rap on me." Detective Otwell replied to defendant that the news media, not the police, had said it was murder; that only two people knew what had happened and one of them was dead. When defendant asked the officers how they knew the stabbing was not done in self-defense, the officers said they did not know and that was why they wanted to talk to him about it. Shortly thereafter, defendant gave a written statement admitting that he had stabbed Finnegan and describing the circumstances surrounding the incident. According to defendant's testimony, at the time the officers asked him about the stabbing incident, he indicated to them that he thought he should have an attorney. *309 On cross-examination, he admitted that the officers' account of the conversation was accurate. The cross-examination continued as follows. "Q. Why did you continue talking to them after you say you said, `I think I should have an attorney'? A. Have you ever been interrogated by three Rockford Police Detectives? Q. No, I haven't, but I want to know why you continued talking to them. A. Because I believed it was self-defense. I still do. They wanted a statement of what happened to clear it up. I wanted to get it off my chest, so I gave them a statement. Q. But you know you had a right to have an attorney there if you wanted one, didn't you? A. Yes, I did. Q. You ever insist on having an attorney contacted? A. I asked for an attorney before I began the statement, and I saw that it was not going to get me anywhere, so I just ceased on that line, because I just knew I wasn't going to get an attorney anyways. Q. Did it occur to you not to talk any further? A. Yes, but it occurred to me I might be up all night and be badgered by these three detectives." At approximately 9 a.m. the next morning, the same three officers sought to question defendant further about the incident. Defendant was asked if he still understood his rights. He replied that he did and that he would talk to the officers. Defendant then told the officers more about the incident. The circuit court denied defendant's motion to suppress the written and oral statements, finding that the statements were made voluntarily, that defendant understood his rights, and that his rights were not violated. In the appellate court, the defendant argued, in part, that his statements were obtained through interrogation which was continued after he had requested counsel. The appellate court, in affirming the conviction, held that defendant's mention of an attorney did not constitute a request for counsel under Miranda. *310 The combined arguments of the parties in this court ask us to decide, first, whether defendant invoked his fifth amendment right to counsel, and, second, assuming defendant did invoke such right, (a) whether his written statement was the result of continued "interrogation," (b) whether he thereafter waived his right to counsel, either before his written statement or before his oral statement the following morning, and (c) whether the admission of the statements into evidence was harmless error. The right to counsel involved here is an adjunct of the fifth amendment privilege against self-incrimination. This right must be made known to a suspect prior to custodial interrogation as part of the warnings which the United States Supreme Court adopted in Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 86 S.Ct. 1602. The Miranda warnings are prophylactic safeguards designed to guard against infringement of the privilege against self-incrimination. Statements made by a suspect as a result of in-custody interrogation are not admissible to establish his guilt unless the court finds that the suspect waived his Miranda rights prior to making the statements. The facts that a suspect's statements were voluntary, that he made them with a full understanding of his Miranda rights, and that he initially made a voluntary, knowing and intelligent waiver of his rights, are not always sufficient. Despite these conditions, if a suspect "indicates in any manner and at any stage of the process that he wishes to consult with an attorney before speaking there can be no questioning." (Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436, 444-45, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 707, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 1612.) Thus, even if a suspect initially waived his rights and agreed to talk to authorities, he reserves the right to cut off questioning later by requesting or invoking his right to an attorney. Defendant's remark was variously described at the *311 hearing on the motion to suppress as "Maybe I ought to have an attorney," "Maybe I need a lawyer," and "Maybe I ought to talk to an attorney." Miranda's "in any manner" language directs that an assertion of the right to counsel need not be explicit, unequivocal, or made with unmistakable clarity. We do not believe, however, that the Supreme Court intended by this language that every reference to an attorney, no matter how vague, indecisive or ambiguous, should constitute an invocation of the right to counsel. The record establishes that defendant is a person of normal intelligence, that he fully understood his Miranda rights, and that he effectively waived his rights before questioning and agreed to talk with the officers. The interrogation lasted for only a short while. There is no indication that defendant was under any coercion or duress other than that inherent in every custodial setting. Only when the questioning switched from burglaries to the stabbing incident did the defendant exhibit some hesitation, as indicated by the indecisive remarks quoted earlier. According to the evidence, none of the officers considered defendant's comment referring to an attorney to be a request for counsel. Although the officers' subjective beliefs that defendant's comment was not a request for counsel are not to be given undue emphasis or weight, the officers must be allowed to exercise their judgment in determining whether a suspect has requested counsel. (See Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436, 486 n. 55, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 730 n. 55, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 1634 n. 55.) Here, the officers appear to have acted in good faith in not judging defendant's remarks to be an indication that he desired an attorney. Their apparently genuine belief that defendant did not desire counsel helps to distinguish this case from others relied upon by defendant. See Maglio v. Jago (6th Cir.1978), 580 F.2d 202; State v. Nash (1979), 119 N.H. 728, 407 A.2d 365; People v. Superior Court (1975), 15 Cal.3d 729, 542 P.2d 1390, *312 125 Cal. Rptr. 798; People v. Munoz (1978), 83 Cal. App.3d 993, 148 Cal. Rptr. 165. Under the present facts, we find such belief to have been reasonable. We hold that the officers did not violate defendant's Miranda rights, for, in this instance, a more positive indication or manifestation of a desire for an attorney was required than was made here. We have carefully reviewed each of the cases from other jurisdictions cited by defendant and find them all to be distinguishable on their facts; none compel a result different from that reached here. Furthermore, defendant testified at the hearing that he believed the act was committed in self-defense and that he talked to the officers because he wanted to "get it off [his] chest," thus belying the assertion of a desire for an attorney. The record does not support acceptance of defendant's testimony and argument that he, in effect, felt it would have been futile to make a more explicit request for an attorney. Defendant's reliance on United States v. Womack (9th Cir.1976), 542 F.2d 1047, 1051, is misplaced, for there the court's refusal to find a waiver of the right to counsel, even though defendant signed a waiver-of-rights form, was based on defendant's having twice previously been refused counsel after requesting it. In sum, while we are sensitive to the requirement that authorities refrain from interrogation whenever a suspect invokes his right to counsel, we find that defendant's remarks here did not constitute an invocation of such right. We note that defendant offers no separate reason for us to find his oral statement inadmissible. Thus, our holding applies to both the written and oral statements. Accordingly, the judgment of the appellate court is affirmed. Judgment affirmed. | Mid | [
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Q: Footnote/Endnote references before or after punctuation? (comma, full stop/period, semi-colon...) Simple question: what's the convention (or, if there's disagreement, guiding principles) for where to place reference, footnote and endnote numbers that apply to a clause leading up to a punctuation mark such as a comma or full stop/period? E.g. in this example, should it be like [1] and [2], or like [a] and [b]? Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet[1], consectetur adipisicing elit,[a] sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua[2]. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.[b] Before the punctuation looks seriously ugly, but after can make there seem to be a disconnect between the reference and what it refers to. A: In German language the rule is very simple: If the footnote or endnote refers to a single word, the footnote sign must directly follow the word. So your note [1] and [2] refers only to the words "amet" and "aliqua". If the footnote or endnote refers to a complete sentence the footnote sign must directly follow the punctuation of the sentence. So your note [b] refers to the complete sentence before. In German I never saw a footnote [a] refering to the half sentence before the comma. I do not know whether it is allowed in English. To summarize: the position of the footnote sign depends on the point you want to refer. Please keep in mind that the footnote sign has to follow the word or sentence without a blank (directly). In German footnote signs have no brackets, so you will only find a superscript number or a sign like dagger etc. A: This seems to be refreshingly clear and simple. The note reference characters go after the punctuation mark, like [a] and [b] above, unless it's a spacing punctuation mark like a dash. Seems to be pretty universally agreed. Here's what the esteemed Chicago Manual Of Style (subscription required, so, second-hand quote, from 14th ed. 1993, Clause 15.8, p. 494) says about the matter: The superior numerals used for note reference numbers in the text should follow any punctuation marks except the dash, which they precede. The numbers should also be placed outside closing parentheses. As far as I can tell, the only disagreement with this convention is the optional preference by some to add kerning rules that pull the reference note back to overhang over low-hanging punctuation marks (commas and full stops/periods), presumably to reduce the 'disconnect' I mentioned in my question. Looks great, pain to do. Common sense note: take care to avoid there being a space between the punctuation mark and reference. This also means: take care that the note reference doesn't break over new lines separately to the preceding content. For example, do... Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,[a] consectetur adipisicing elit,[b] sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore aliqua[c] - fugiat nulla pariatur. ...not... Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,[a] consectetur adipisicing elit, [b] sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore aliqua [c] - fugiat nulla pariatur. Actually, there's one exception where I can't find a convention - ellipses. But that's such a niche unlikely case it's more of a separate question. | Mid | [
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It’s time for Philadelphia’s first dance with MLS’ newest belle of the ball. The Union will travel to the “other” coast for their inaugural match against expansion side Los Angeles Football Club. While there may not be much history (or any at all) between the two sides, Saturday night’s fixture does feature two teams playing some of their best soccer. After last week’s convincing 4-0 win over Vancouver Whitecaps, the Union have crawled above the red line and into the final playoff position. Conversely, LAFC have won back-to-back games including a 2-0 victory over Columbus Crew in their previous match. The hosts currently sit in third place in the West and have yet to lose any of their six matches at Banc of California Stadium. Expansion teams aren’t supposed to be this good. So how did LAFC get so good so fast? Scouting Report: Los Angeles Football Club The answer starts at the top. In head coach Bob Bradley, LAFC have a manager that led the United States to the knockout stage of a World Cup, achieved domestic success in Norway and France, and ever-so-briefly coached in the English Premier League. The former achievement, though, is what best set the stage for success in Hollywood. Think about what an international manager has to do. He needs to take an unfamiliar collection of players and quickly mold them into a cohesive unit. He needs to instill a tactical identity that is digestible but still complex. Doesn’t this sound a lot like coaching an expansion side? It also helps when you have talented players, and LAFC has that in spades. Center back Laurent Ciman isn’t just leading a serviceable back line, but his lightning-like free kicks have found the net more than any other player in the league. Twenty-year-old Uruguayan winger Diego Rossi already has five goals and four assists. It’s safe to say forward Adama Diomande has been prolific since being signed from Hull City on May 2. No player has scored more goals per game than the Norwegian attacker (four goals in four appearances). But LAFC’s most talented player is their No. 10, Carlos Vela. Vela is having an MVP-caliber season and is absolutely captivating to watch. Fortunately for the Union, the Mexican international will be in Russia helping his country take on Brazil in the World Cup rather than sunny southern California. While both have been eliminated, Costa Rican forward Marco Urena and Egyptian midfielder Omar Gaber will also miss the game as they return from Russia. Scouting Report: Philadelphia Union Just as LAFC performed well shorthanded against the Crew, so did the Union against the Whitecaps. Philadelphia were again without a core member, midfielder Haris Medunjanin. The Union will be without the Bosnian for one more match, as he serves the final match of a three-game suspension. But in his place, midfielder Warren Creavalle has been exactly what the Union have needed. He’s been a steadying presence and a shield for the Union’s young defense. The bigger question will be which striker head coach Jim Curtin chooses to start. Unless injured, C.J. Sapong has been penciled into the starting lineup almost automatically. But the forward hasn’t recorded a goal or assist since April 28 against D.C. United. It might be time for Curtin to grab the eraser. Cory Burke wasted no time supplanting Jay Simpson on the depth chart, and the Jamaican has unquestionably outperformed Sapong this season. It’s time for Burke to be handed the reigns. Despite their recent uptick in performance, the Union still have a gigantic, impossible-to-ignore hole in their game: they have not produced on the road. Continuing a horrific trend from last season, Philadelphia have secured a result in just two of their seven games away from home this season and have won only once in their last 19 road matches. If the Union really are a good team, it’s time for this stretch of poor play to come to an end. Key matchup and player to watch: Borek Dockal vs. LAFC’s midfield. The Union’s turnaround in play has as much to do with the success of No. 10. Borek Dockal as anything else. Since scoring a game-winning goal against Montreal on May 12, no player has produced more combined goals and assists in MLS than Dockal’s nine. Dockal put the cap on his recent performance last week against the Whitecaps, recording a perfect 10.o from Whoscored.com— the first Philadelphia player to do so. He was also named the MLS player of the week because of it. He was able to carve apart Vancouver with two goals. The visitors chose a passive approach that gave the Czech ample time and space on the ball. Don’t expect LAFC to do the same. Bradley’s men will likely press Dockal in possession. Usually, it doesn’t work because of Medunjanin’s ability to distribute from deep. Just ask New York Red Bulls, and they’ll tell you it’s nearly impossible to press the Union with both men in the lineup. With Medunjanin unavailable, expect LAFC to try and take away the Union’s best player and see if the others can beat them. The next question to answer about Dockal, though, is if he can still produce when he’s in the opposition’s spotlight Prediction: LAFC 1-1 Philadelphia While things have been going well for the Union, the same is true for LAFC. Until the Union beat a good team on the road, you cannot predict that they will, especially considering the home side’s record at Banc of California Stadium. And considering that venue has seen more than two goals scored only once, I’ll say the Union can secure a result in a low scoring affair. Author: Nick Fishman A native of South Jersey, Nick Fishman started with the Philly Soccer Page before the 2017 MLS season. He primarily covers the Union beat. Catch him on twitter @nick_fishman or email him at [email protected] | Low | [
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** The ''frontend'' character device controls the [[tuner]] and [[demodulator]] hardware ... (Note: there are different types of these hardware components for the different [[Digital Video Broadcasting|DTV standards]]) ** The ''frontend'' character device controls the [[tuner]] and [[demodulator]] hardware ... (Note: there are different types of these hardware components for the different [[Digital Video Broadcasting|DTV standards]]) * ''demux'' * ''demux'' − ** The ''demux'' character device controls the filters for processing the [[Transport Stream|transport stream]] (TS). + ** The ''demux'' character device controls the filters for processing the [[Transport Stream|transport stream]] (TS). In essence, the demultiplexer splits the TS into its component parts (which usually entail being several audio and video streams, as well as some data streams) *** ''dvr'' *** ''dvr'' − **** The ''dvr'' is a logical device that is associated with the demux character device ... it delivers up the TS for either: + **** The ''dvr'' is a logical device that is associated with the demux character device ... it delivers up a TS that was multiplexed from the sub-streams specified and filtered, from the original TS, by the demux for either: ::::(1) immediate playback --- in which case it has to be decoded either: ::::(1) immediate playback --- in which case it has to be decoded either: ::::: a) on the device itself ... [now days its quite rare for PC devices to have hardware decoding ([[Hardware or Software Decoder?|see discussion]]), but this is certainly not the case for [[STB]]s) ::::: a) on the device itself ... [now days its quite rare for PC devices to have hardware decoding ([[Hardware or Software Decoder?|see discussion]]), but this is certainly not the case for [[STB]]s) Line 29: Line 29: ::::or ::::or ::::(2) saving to disk for later playback. ::::(2) saving to disk for later playback. + :In essence, the ''demux'' decomposes the original TS and selects/filters particular underlining sub-streams and the dvr then repackages those selections within a TS. Typically the multiplexed TS provided by the ''dvr'' would be composed of an individual program stream * ''net'' * ''net'' − ** The ''net'' character device controls the ability to provide IP-over-DVB (i.e. satellite based internet service) + ** The ''net'' character device controls the ability to provide IP-over-DVB (e.g. satellite based broadband internet service ... Note: although it is not mentioned in the [http://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis/ch14.html API documentation], this functionality is not restricted to satellite (DVB-S) alone -- any DVB capable device can support it, provided you use the dvb net module (i.e. it is possible over DVB-C and DVB-T as well). The dvbnet script in the [[LinuxTV dvb-apps|dvb-apps]] handles this. As an example, both Scientific Atlantic and Cisco have DVB STB devices which can provide such broadband services.) * ''video'' * ''video'' ** The ''video'' character device controls the MPEG2 video decoder of the DVB hardware (if present ... found on so called "[[Full-featured Card#(i) "Full-Featured" or "Premium" Cards|full-featured device]]s") .... Note: do NOT confuse this with the video character device created by V4L devices (see the [[Device nodes and character devices#V4L_character_devices|discussion below]]), as they are entirely different things. Specifically, the DVB video character device only controls decoding of the MPEG video stream, not its presentation on the computer or TV screen. This later function, on a full-featured device, is typically handled by an associated video4linux device IC, which allows scaling and defining output windows. Control of this later device is established through a V4L character device, specifically, ''/dev/video''. ** The ''video'' character device controls the MPEG2 video decoder of the DVB hardware (if present ... found on so called "[[Full-featured Card#(i) "Full-Featured" or "Premium" Cards|full-featured device]]s") .... Note: do NOT confuse this with the video character device created by V4L devices (see the [[Device nodes and character devices#V4L_character_devices|discussion below]]), as they are entirely different things. Specifically, the DVB video character device only controls decoding of the MPEG video stream, not its presentation on the computer or TV screen. This later function, on a full-featured device, is typically handled by an associated video4linux device IC, which allows scaling and defining output windows. Control of this later device is established through a V4L character device, specifically, ''/dev/video''. Line 54: Line 55: <code>ls -l /dev/v4l</code> <code>ls -l /dev/v4l</code> What you should find in that '''device node''' is a sub directory, named "by-path", that contains symbolic links to '''character device''' files, whose conventional names and functions are summarized in the table below. What you should find in that '''device node''' is a sub directory, named "by-path", that contains symbolic links to '''character device''' files, whose conventional names and functions are summarized in the table below. + {{Note|You can determine which device maps to ''videoN'' by matching, for example (in the case of a pci card), the domain:bus:slot.func information provided by the command lspci to the associated links in the by-path directory .... Somewhat similarly, QUERYCAP ioctl() or sysfs can be used to expose which V4L driver maps to ''videoN'' [http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg70058.html] }} Contents For a DVB device A properly loaded device module should result in a non-empty /dev/dvb directory. You can check on whether this is true with the following command: ls -l /dev/dvb/ (alternatively, you can browse your directory structure with the graphical file manager of your choice). More specifically, the output of the above command should reveal that /dev/dvb/ is populated by "adapterN" (whereby, in terms of enumerating the devices installed in the system, N=0 to whatever 1). For example, if you have but a single DVB device installed in your system, then expect to find /dev/dvb/adapter0. DVB character devices The Linux DVB API provides for six unix style character devices which allow control of the hardware components found on a particular DVB device adapter.It is under each adapterN directory that you will find these character devices. The command ls -l /dev/dvb/adapter0 reveals the character devices associated with adapter0 for which the drivers have control. If you have more then one DVB device, you can see the same for all with ls -l /dev/dvb/adapter* Similar to the way in which the device adapters are enumerated, the character devices follow the form of M=0 to whatever 1. For example: /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 .... if the same device had a second frontend, that character device would be enumerated by /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1 ... if you had another dvb adapter in the system, then you would see /dev/dvb/adapter1/frontend0 and so forth. In brief, these character devices are: frontend The frontend character device controls the tuner and demodulator hardware ... (Note: there are different types of these hardware components for the different DTV standards) demux The demux character device controls the filters for processing the transport stream (TS). In essence, the demultiplexer splits the TS into its component parts (which usually entail being several audio and video streams, as well as some data streams) dvr The dvr is a logical device that is associated with the demux character device ... it delivers up a TS that was multiplexed from the sub-streams specified and filtered, from the original TS, by the demux for either: (1) immediate playback --- in which case it has to be decoded either: a) on the device itself ... [now days its quite rare for PC devices to have hardware decoding (see discussion), but this is certainly not the case for STBs) or b) downstream by the system [the usual route for PC devices -- i.e. software decoding via the host CPU, and possibly assisted by the GPU ... (see here for more discussion) ] or (2) saving to disk for later playback. In essence, the demux decomposes the original TS and selects/filters particular underlining sub-streams and the dvr then repackages those selections within a TS. Typically the multiplexed TS provided by the dvr would be composed of an individual program stream net The net character device controls the ability to provide IP-over-DVB (e.g. satellite based broadband internet service ... Note: although it is not mentioned in the API documentation, this functionality is not restricted to satellite (DVB-S) alone -- any DVB capable device can support it, provided you use the dvb net module (i.e. it is possible over DVB-C and DVB-T as well). The dvbnet script in the dvb-apps handles this. As an example, both Scientific Atlantic and Cisco have DVB STB devices which can provide such broadband services.) video The video character device controls the MPEG2 video decoder of the DVB hardware (if present ... found on so called "full-featured devices") .... Note: do NOT confuse this with the video character device created by V4L devices (see the discussion below), as they are entirely different things. Specifically, the DVB video character device only controls decoding of the MPEG video stream, not its presentation on the computer or TV screen. This later function, on a full-featured device, is typically handled by an associated video4linux device IC, which allows scaling and defining output windows. Control of this later device is established through a V4L character device, specifically, /dev/video. osd The osd character device is not documented in the API, but it stems from the legacy OSD API for so called "full-featured devices". The draft version of the never finished v4 Linux DVB API makes passing mention of this character device: "The Linux DVB API Version 3 was focussed on the popular Siemens PCI DVB card. Due to the pragmatic evolution of the API, there are namespace inconsitencies and inconsitent remains of things that really don’t belong into the API, like ad-hoc DVD subtitle support or a very limited OSD API design." Nonetheless, when dealing with a full-featured card, it will indeed show up under the adapter node, as illustrated by this end user supplied example. audio The audio character device controls the MPEG2 audio decoder of the DVB hardware (if present ... found on so called full-featured devices") Not all of the character devices defined by the DVB API need be present for a device, specifically because some functionality is not needed; in point: Most DVB devices don’t have their own MPEG decoder because: modern CPUs and the ability to offload decoding to video card GPUs has pretty much long replaced the need of the so called "full feautred" class of DVB devices, or may be foregone for datacasting type devices (e.g. for data-only uses like “internet over satellite”) In any regard, for either reason, this results in the omission of the audio and video character devices Not every device or STB provides conditional access hardware ... i.e. leads to the omission of the ca character device The DVB API may also be used for MPEG decoder-only PCI cards, in which case, for these rare devices, there exists no need for the frontend character device In fact, a typical DVB device these days will usually only contain three of these character devices (frontend, demux, net), as well as the special logical device (dvr). For a V4L device Similarly, with "V4L devices", a properly loaded device module should result in a non-empty /dev/v4l directory. You can check on whether this is true with the following command: ls -l /dev/v4l What you should find in that device node is a sub directory, named "by-path", that contains symbolic links to character device files, whose conventional names and functions are summarized in the table below. Note: You can determine which device maps to videoN by matching, for example (in the case of a pci card), the domain:bus:slot.func information provided by the command lspci to the associated links in the by-path directory .... Somewhat similarly, QUERYCAP ioctl() or sysfs can be used to expose which V4L driver maps to videoN[1] V4L character devices The V4L2 API defines three special character devices. In the table below, and ensuing discussion, we make note of a fourth, the Teletext Interface, which was defined by the older V4L1 API, but is not, nor intended to be, defined in the newer V4L2 API. This fourth character device does, however, receive de facto support given that "for compatibility reasons the character device file names recommended for V4L2 video capture, overlay, radio, teletext and raw vbi capture devices did not change from those used by V4L" and can be serviced "through the V4L2 compatibility layer in the videodev kernel module". 2 The most prominently recognized are the /dev/videoN character devices (whereby, in terms of enumerating the devices installed in the system, N=0 to whatever 1). You can check for them within your system with the following command: ls -l /dev/video* A more detailed explanation of the V4L character devices are outlined in point form below: Video Overlay Interface (also known as Framebuffer Overlay or Previewing) accessed through the same character special files as video capture devices. Note the default function of a /dev/video device is video capturing. The overlay function is only available after calling the VIDIOC_S_FMT ioctl. Video Output Interface Video output devices encode stills or image sequences as analog video signal. With this interface applications can control the encoding process and move images from user space to the driver. Video Output Overlay Interface Some video output devices can overlay a framebuffer image onto the outgoing video signal. Applications can set up such an overlay using this interface, which borrows structures and ioctls of the Video Overlay interface. The OSD function is accessible through the same character special file as the Video Output function. Note the default function of such a /dev/video device is video capturing or output. The OSD function is only available after calling the VIDIOC_S_FMT ioctl. Framebuffer Contrary to the Video Overlay interface the framebuffer is normally implemented on the TV card and not the graphics card. On Linux it is accessible as a framebuffer device (/dev/fbN). Given a V4L2 device, applications can find the corresponding framebuffer device by calling the VIDIOC_G_FBUF ioctl. /dev/radio Radio Interface accessed through character device special files named /dev/radio and /dev/radio0 to /dev/radio63 with major number 81 and minor numbers 64 to 127. Note that /dev/radio is a symbolic link to /dev/radio03 VBI capturing and output is also available as device function under /dev/video. To capture or output raw VBI data with these devices applications must call the VIDIOC_S_FMT ioctl. Accessed as /dev/vbi, raw VBI capturing or output is the default device function. Sliced VBI Data Interface Sliced VBI devices use hardware to demodulate data transmitted in the VBI. V4L2 drivers shall not do this by software, see also the raw VBI interface. Sliced VBI capture and output devices are accessed through the same character special files as raw VBI devices. When a driver supports both VBI interfaces, the default function of a /dev/vbi device is raw VBI capturing or output, and the sliced VBI function is only available after calling the VIDIOC_S_FMT ioctl Likewise a /dev/video device may support the sliced VBI API, however the default function here is video capturing or output. Not all of the character devices defined by the V4L2 API need be present for a device, specifically because some functionality is not needed or present on the device. For example, unless the device contains a decoder IC for AM/FM radio reception, the /dev/radio character device need not be created by the driver. Associated Nodes and Character Devices for Analog Audio Input/Output /dev/mixer /dev/dsp Endnotes Note 1: The real life limitation of the "whatever" comment is given by the max. adapter definition in the respective device driver (Note: this is usually set at 8, though, this can be adjusted for more by altering the source code and recompiling. Also note that a patch was submitted in Sept/09, which will allow configuration of the max adapter definition) Note 2: The V4L2 API clearly denotes, in the case of the three defined character devices, that the respective base is a symbolic link to the respective N=0 character device (i.e. /dev/video --> /dev/video0). For the video and radio character devices, this is also cited within the {Linux}/Documentation/devices.txt file Note 4: While no mention of it is made in the V4l2 API, presumably the base /dev/vtx character device is a symbolic link to /dev/vtx0; as this would be similar in case with the three defined character devices. Also See For more comprehensive information, it is suggested that you review the DVB and V4L APIs For more comprehensive information on the associated audio nodes, it is suggested that you review ALSA and/or OSS related materials | Mid | [
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Austin, a liberal college town and the state capital, is perhaps best known for its hip counterculture, live music and string of successful high-tech companies. Fast cars? Not so much. But in a couple of weeks, Austin will become the epicenter of the auto racing world when its gleaming new $400 million track, the Circuit of the Americas, hosts the first Formula One race in the United States since 2007. For top drivers like Sebastian Vettel of Germany and Fernando Alonso of Spain, the Nov. 18 race offers the penultimate chance to improve their standing in the coveted F1 championship — arguably the most prestigious prize in motor sports — on a track with one of the most challenging turns in the world. But for the host city, it will be an opportunity to prove that screaming-fast race cars and the well-heeled clientele that follows them around the globe will be welcome in a town that made a homeless transvestite a local celebrity and whose most famous bumper sticker is “Keep Austin Weird.” | Mid | [
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Tia Care Instructions: Wash in cold water on gentle cycle or hand wash, roll in towel and wring to remove excess water and lay flat to dry. Made by vulnerable disabled women living in Pakistan This scarf is named after Tia Tariq. Tia has held senior project leadership positions at some of Canada’s biggest advertising agencies, but we love her for the incredible relief work she does as a volunteer, just dropping into places where she believes she can be of help. | Mid | [
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Q: How to let a consumer select specific 3party provider What could be a good osgi implementation of the scenario below ? I have a general algorithm which is divided in multiple modules. The idea is that each module could be extended by third party with specific configuration needs. My main algorithm is configured by a user mainly to select which module to include. As this configuration file could be difficult to write, I want to create a workbench that help him to do that. My first idea was to consider my main algorithm as a consumer of multiple module providers using DS. The use case is: the user configure the main algorithm and the submodules he want to use; then when he runs the algorithm I want that the workbench creates the main algorithm service with the good configuration. But if I understand, services in osgi are designed to be provider independent. Does services are useful in my case? A: Doing what you want they way you just described will cause you much heartache and issues. Instead I'd suggest you use a more hands-on approach: Define interfaces in your bundles that define the ways that your algorithm can be extended Use the service layer of OSGi to collect the implementations of the interfaces (DS can help you here) Have a configuration class/object that defines which of the above are selected/activated for a specific instance When you algorithm is executed, look up the necessary services from the service layer and use them. Also, if you are going to have a full workbench, you could directly use extensions and extension points that help coordinate a bit. | Mid | [
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"SIMPLE SIMON" "I'm in orbit around Earth." "I'm here to gain perspective." "I like space." "There are no problems in space." "No misunderstandings." "No chaos." "Because in space, there are no feelings." "Simon!" "For the last time, get out of there." "I'm not telling you again." "Simon, for the very last time, get out of there!" "Simon!" "Simon, if I offer you 50 kronor, what do you say?" "Sam, you've got to come over." "He's in the barrel." "He's been there for eight hours now." "Hey..." " But I explained it all to him." " Go ahead and go." " Go, it's fine." " You sure?" "Okay, I'm on my way." "Yeah, bye." " You're too nice..." " And you're too hot." "What the hell?" "You're in for it, mister!" "Totally retarded." "2, 150 - that's my final offer." "I can't kill Mom and Dad!" " I knew this would happen!" " What are you going to do now?" "You've got to be kidding..." "I was talking to my brother, he's in the barrel." "He's from sp..." "He thinks..." "He's got a space ship." "Simon, you can come out now." " It's okay, Simon." " She's got to go!" " You want to live here with us." " No, she's got to go, Sam." "You, me, and Frida are going to live together." "Calm down." " This will never work." " Sure it will." " I'll do everything wrong." " No." "Hey..." "He just needs to get used to it." " Get used to me getting it wrong?" " No." "That you're... you." "And you get it wrong sometimes..." "What are we going to do?" "Simon?" "If you..." "If we're all going to live together, then it's us against the world." "I need Frida." "She helps me, just like I help you." "So you need to help her." "Nothing will work without her." "It's like one of your equations." "Remove one of us and there will be an imbalance." "Understand?" "Einstein?" "Some people think I'm an idiot, but I'm not." "I just want things to remain the same." "I don't like change, but I do like Sam." "So I've got to make this equation come out right." "Sam needs Frida like I need Sam." "Good, let's go shoot some hoops." "Last one down is a square." "To help this equation come out right, I've scheduled our activities." "It's designed to make our lives as simple as possible." "Fucking jerk!" "Without the right time, weight and angle, we may be thrown off balance." "Don't touch me I'm Asperger's" "I prefer circles to humans." "Circles are continuous, while humans are complex and hard to understand." "HAPPY" " SAD" " ANGRY" "TIRED" " SURPRISED" " NEUTRAL" "Ready for breakfast?" "See you later..." "Sam helps me arrive on time." "Time affects harmony." "If you're not on time, you risk chaos." "I'm sorry, are you all right?" " What do you think you're doing?" " Slapping your face." " Yeah..." "But what for?" " I have Asperger's." " And that makes it okay to hit people?" " You grabbed my arm." "I don't like being touched." " Let me..." " I'm late." "On time, as usual." "I work seven hours a day, five days a week, thirteen lunar cycles a year." "To some people, 13 means bad luck, but not to me." "It's a prime number, only divisible by itself." "Like me." "Attention!" "As a team, we have to stick together." "Otherwise the whole thingamabob will just be a big ole mess." "I don't have friends." "Feelings just create problems." "Take Peter, for instance:" "Peter likes Jonna and tries hard to impress her." " ...fall behind..." " Jonna doesn't like Peter, though." "Girls only like guys who don't like them." "So Jonna's in love with Björn." ""Retard laugh" Björn." "But all he likes is to laugh..." "This is a classic "love triangle" and it leads to chaos." "I don't like triangles." "We're like brothers." "Like brothers and sis..." "We're like siblings." "Siblings who love each other and love to work together." "And so we just do it." "You bastard!" "Thank you and goodbye." "I'm home!" "How long do I have?" "Ten minutes and five seconds, four seconds, three seconds, two seconds..." " ...one second." "Ten minutes." " Perfect." "I have different foods for different days." "Monday:" "Sausage and pasta." "Tuesday:" "Pancakes." "Wednesday:" "Melts." "Thursday:" "Potato pancakes." "Friday:" "Tacos." "Saturday:" "Pizza." "Sunday:" "Sam's zucchini special." "Sam cooks, I set and clear the table, and Frida does the dishes." "It's a great setup that gives me time to practice after dinner." "Hi..." "Listen, I think I have an STD." " I'm not in the mood..." " Only it's on my face." "You're so not funny!" "Nice." "Hey, why don't we play some basketball?" " Before he comes back." " I have to do the dishes." "I'll do it later." "I promise." "Come on..." "We'll have ten minutes before he returns." "Maybe you can catch my STD." "Come on." "Foul, foul!" " Sam, foul." "You just want to shoot penalties." "There's no touching in basketball." "You put the ball through the hoop." "It's easy, since the hoop's circumference is 96.5% larger than the ball's." "All you have to do is calculate the velocity, mass and angle." " Do-over!" " One more time." "I'll go do the dishes." " Another do-over, Sam." " One more time." "Movie night!" "This one again?" "!" "It's four hours long." "Two hours, 22 minutes, and 3 7 seconds." " Can't we watch something on TV?" " No." " There's a Hugh Grant romcom on." " Yes..." "No." "I n that case you'll have to watch in your room." "Sure..." " Come on." " I'd rather watch the space movie." " I know." "What the hell...?" "We're out of toilet paper..." "Get out of here!" " Christ!" "You're not listening." " We'll get through this." "No, you're just kidding yourself." "This isn't going to work." " What do you want me to do?" " I can't take this crap." "I can't kick my own brother out!" "Isn't that convenient?" "Frida..." "Where are you going?" "Why can't you just shut up?" "!" "Stop playing, you fucking psycho!" "Don't touch him!" " Don't go!" "Please?" " Fuck off!" " Leave me alone." " I want to be with you." " No, you want to be with your brother." " He needs me, just like I need you." "Please don't go." "She left, but at least now it'll be nice and quiet." "Simon?" "It's not your fault." "She didn't mean what she said." "She'll come back, she always does." "Don't be sad." "Okay?" "It's important to maintain the correct orbit." "If you go too fast, you'll be hurled out in space." "Too slow, and you spiral downwards... and crash." "If you cannot maintain orbit, you end up with chaos." "So I have to maintain orbit." "Shit..." "Wake up, we're late." "Sam, it's my turn to shower!" "I'm three minutes and seventeen seconds late. 18, 19, 20, 21 22, 23, 24." "Where is Frida?" "You said that she'd be back." " Then I guess she will." " Do you promise, Sam?" "Absolutely." "Now hurry up, we're late." " I'll be late." " Get off, it won't start." " Are you angry?" " No!" "People can't be trusted." "They say one thing and mean another." "This won't hurt a bit." "I'm Sweden's best dart player." " Are you angry?" " No!" "I can get angry too, when I can't keep to schedule." "Because I don't like change." "What's going on, Simon?" " Is the world coming to an end?" " Yes." "I n about five billions years, the earth will be swallowed up by the sun." ""One time is no time", as the saying goes." "No, one time is one time." "Well, you'll have to start with No. 42 in the meantime." "Go on, time is money." "Time isn't money." "Time is time." "Money is money." "I don't like people saying things are what they're not." "Sam is the only person I trust." "He means what he says." "If he says Frida will come back, she will." "Hello?" "Hi!" "Hi, how are you?" "Yeah..." "You're moving out?" "I'm home." "Sam?" "Sam?" " Dinner was 20 minutes ago, Sam." " I haven't had time to make any." " Tacos, today is tacos." " Know what?" "Let's have pizza." " No, it's not pizza day." " It'll be fine." " Where is Frida?" " She's not coming back." " She always comes back." " No." "She's moved out." " You said that she would." " I guess I was wrong." " I'd like to order two pizzas..." " Sam..." "Sam!" "Who's doing the dishes?" "I set the table, you cook, she does the dishes." "She's gone, you blockhead!" " No, I didn't mean you." " Who's going to do the dishes, Sam?" "We're having pizza." "No one needs to do any damn dishes!" "I don't want pizza!" "She's not coming back." "Sure she is, she has to do the dishes!" "She's not going to do the dishes anymore." "She won't rent movies, play basketball, or do this or that..." "She won't be doing anything anymore." "Get it?" "Besides, she isn't right for us anyway." "She's too pedantic." "She eats those disgusting fish paste sandwiches." "She doesn't make any noise when we have sex." "She's selfish and she doesn't get me." "But she wears that butt-ugly hat." "That ugly, fucking Frida hat!" "Simon?" " Hi, it's me, Simon." " What are you doing here?" " I don't want pizza on a Friday." " Sorry, I can't help you." " You have to come back." " No, I don't." "Goodbye, Simon." "Hi, it's me." "All you have to do is change and everything will be fine." "You're pedantic, you don't make noise when you have sex..." " Who do you think you are?" " I'm Simon." "It's your fault it's not fine!" "You have to change." " Hi..." " I'll call the police!" " I can't change, but you can." " I don't want to!" "Find some other damn girl who can stand living with you!" "Some other damn girl?" "You may be a wiz at physics, but you suck at playing the drums." " Just so you know." " I do know." "That's why I need to practice!" "I'm home." " Where have you been?" " We have to find some other damn girl." "What are you talking about?" "If Frida won't come back, I'll have to find some other damn girl." "A girl who doesn't fight, a girl who is just like Sam." "No one knows Sam better than me, and I can look at it scientifically." "Sam:" "Cooks" " Girl:" "Does dishes" "Hi..." "Hello..." " Hey..." " You're three minutes late." " Do I look like a bus driver to you?" " Yes." "You drive a bus and wear a bus driver's uniform." "It may look like that, but that's not really what I am." "Eight years of cooking school." "Chef at the city's best restaurant." "For what?" "People want fast food." "Instant this or that..." "Everything in an instant." "You can't hurry an excellent sauce." "It's like my old saucier, Gaston, used to say..." "Or something." "I don't speak French." "A great sauce takes time, just like love." "Hi, Mom." " Hi, Dad." " Bye, Mom." " Bye, Dad." " Simon?" " What are you doing with that camera?" " Finding Sam a new girlfriend." " What's wrong with Frida?" " They broke up." " Why did they break up?" " She won't change." "So I have to find some other damn girl who can stand living with me." "What a shame." "Finish with a pinch of nutmeg." "Dip the tip of a knife in, that's all." "Une petite la knife... whatever." "Bitterness has its place in every sauce, just like in life itself." " You can't do anything about it." " I'm home." "It'll never work, Mom." "Moving back home would kill him." "I've got to go, I'm doing the laundry." "Right, busy bees." "Bye." "We do our laundry 6:30 - 9 pm on Fridays." " Yeah, I lied." " Oh." " Who the hell watches "Lassie"?" " You're watching "Lassie"." "Don't you like dogs?" " Don't you like dogs?" " No." "Facts about Sam:" "Sam is 23 and does not generate chaos." "Sam likes Simon, cooking, and black licorice." "Sam dislikes dogs, mustard and math." " What deduction?" " Done!" "To find a new girl for Sam, I need 13 questions that reveal who Sam is." "Then I have to find a new girl who fits in with his responses." "I'm going to find the perfect girl for Sam." " Sorry." "Oh, It's you again." " I always pass this spot at 8:55 am." " Gee, I thought it was destiny." " There is no such thing." " It's only make-believe." " It's good to blame stuff on." "It's all mathematics and determinism." "Can I ask you some questions?" " Sure, what?" " Romantic comedies or sci-fi?" "I don't watch that many movies." " Dogs or cats?" " Dogs... and cats." " Do you make noise during sex?" " What?" "!" " Do you make noise during sex?" " Do you?" "No, I don't have sex!" "Oh, sorry." " Hello?" "Hi..." "Out and about..." "I see..." "Oh well." "No, it's cool." "Okay, great." "Bye." "Are you sad?" "Your mouth went from a happy mouth to a sad mouth." " Have any more questions?" " No, you gave me the wrong answers." "I didn't know there were any wrong answers there." " Do you make noise during sex?" " Sometimes." " Yes." " I don't know." "Can you do dishes, yes or no?" " Train or bus?" " Train." "Ketchup or mustard?" " Ketchup or mustard?" " Which do you want?" " Ketchup or mustard?" " Which do you want?" "Jeez, take both!" "We're waiting in line here!" " Do you like Simon?" " Who's Simon?" " Yes." " Don't know..." " Sports: yes or no?" " No." "Licorice or fruit-flavored candy?" "Dogs or cats?" " It's not a dog, it's a Great Dane." " Wrong." "Finding the perfect girl isn't as easy as you might think." "They always get one wrong." " Licorice or fruit-flavored candy?" " Fruit." "I hate the way licorice gets stuck in my teeth." "Equations need careful consideration." "And love, like a good sauce, takes time." "Hi, Simon." "I brought you some breakfast." "Can't you come and live with us?" "So that Sam gets some peace." " Just until everything's worked out." " I'm going to work things out for Sam." "Simon?" "Don't you want me to help you with breakfast?" "And we could talk about this." "Hello?" "Are you there?" " Can you do dishes?" "Yes or no." " No." "Can you see yourself dating someone who is scientifically perfect for you?" " Yes or no?" " Yes." "Romantic comedies or sci-fi?" "If it doesn't contain violence or blood, I'm not interested." "When bodily fluids flow or limbs are torn off, I feel..." " Romantic comedies or sci-fi?" " Sci-fi." "But I prefer action." " Dogs or cats?" " I don't like dogs." "Cats!" "Don't yell." " Do you like Simon?" " No." "I think you're an idiot." " Could I ask you 13 questions?" " Okay..." " Can you do dishes?" "Yes or no." " Yes." "Good." "Would you date someone who is scientifically perfect for you?" "Absolutely." "Yes." "Great, let me just take your picture." "Look as attractive as possible." "No, attractive!" "More attractive!" "Perfect." "You can go now, if you want." "Bye." " What's this?" " Possible girlfriends." " What am I supposed to do with this?" " Find a girlfriend." " Number 13 is perfect for you." " That's not how it works." "The ones at the back got the most right." "Number 13 is exactly like you:" ""Sci-fi or Romcom?" Sci-Fi." " "Cats or dogs?" Cats..." " There are no right answers." "It's about feelings." "I'm more likely to fall in love with someone who's the complete opposite." "It would suck to be with someone who is exactly like me." "Don't you think?" "No..." "I don't understand." "Come on." "Come on." "Look..." "Just like the same poles of a magnet repel each other, people who are too similar can also repel each other." "And just like the opposite poles of a magnet attract each other people who are different can be drawn to each other." "Like us." "We're different, but we like each other." "Stop it with the equations." "Whatever happens, happens..." "What the hell are you doing?" "Watch out." " Oh, look who's here..." " Yes, and it's all your fault." " Why?" " I was supposed to run into you." "So we could talk." "But you weren't on time." "We don't have to run into each other to talk, do we?" "You have to meet my brother." "Do you want to?" " You're each other's opposites." " We are?" "He's not like me, he doesn't have Asperger's." "He's 93 7 times better than I am." "Want to meet him?" " I don't know if I want to." " What?" "It feels kind of weird, I don't even know you." "If you two fall in love you'll get to know me." "You'll see me all the time." "Yeah." "But the thing is..." "We've only run into each other a few times." " I don't even know your name." " I'm Simon." " Now you know my name." " Hello, Simon." " I'm Jennifer." " I don't like touching people." "I forgot, sorry." "Hi there..." "I completely forgot." "What are you looking at?" " You look really tired." " I know, I was out all night." "Was there anything else?" "I have to go." " So do you want to meet my brother?" " This is going too fast..." " Do you want to?" " I can't decide just like that." " I need to know now." " I'm still drunk, don't pressure me." " I have to think about it." " But I need to know now." "I feel that our discipline isn't up to par." "People are tardy, there's a lot of hullabaloo and high jinks." "I don't want any more rule breaking and... who are you?" "Hello." "Well, I'm here to have a look." " Oh, you're Simon's guardian?" " That's right." "The rest of us will continue with our regular duties..." "Just like any other day." "You do this every day?" "Don't you get bored?" "Not every day." "Monday through Friday, 9 am to 5 pm, lunch 12 to 1." "Right, isn't it lunch time soon?" "I'm starving." "Lunch time is in 22 minutes and 13 seconds. 12, 11..." " ... 10, 9..." " Give me that watch." " Hand it over!" " Why?" "Give it to me!" "Thanks." " What are you doing?" " Time sure flies, it's lunch time." "That's impossible, you're lying." "Come on, Simon, let's get some lunch." "VA squared equals G0, times R0 squared divided by RA times 2RP divided by RA plus RP where G0 is equal to the surface gravitational acceleration..." " What's that about?" " Space and time." "Don't be so hung up on time or nothing unexpected will ever happen." "I don't like unexpected things." "You're going to like this." " Is it drums?" "Space sounds?" " No, just listen." " Is it emotional?" "I don't like that." " Just take the earpiece." "I always sync everything I see so that it's in time to the music." " Like a music video in my head." " I don't understand." "You know that feeling that the world revolves around you." "It's almost as if the world adapts itself to your music." " Simple." " I don't know that feeling." " Listen to this." " I can't hear anything." " I can hear it now." " Okay." "Isn't that adorable?" " What are you doing?" " You touched me!" "Sorry, I forgot." " I have to go back to work now." " No you don't." "I have the watch, and I say it's still lunch time." " All right, but don't touch me!" " Okay, I promise I won't." "Simon?" " Don't touch me!" " Sorry, I forgot." "Come on..." " Don't touch me!" " Watch it!" "Don't touch me!" "Simon?" "!" "What are you doing?" " You always wear the same clothes." " This shirt is comfortable." " And it's red and blue." " I think I like all colors." " I don't like brown." " No, a manhole!" " You touched me again." " Manhole covers bring bad luck!" " It's round, I like round." " But it's brown." "Do you like round things even if they're brown?" "Wrap your head around that!" "I like that it's round, but not that it's brown." "Please come in, this is my place." "Make yourself at home." "Beep-beep..." " Why is it so messy?" " It's not, I just have a lot of stuff." " Why are your records so old?" " You should talk, Mr. Polaroid." "Scoot..." "My fish." "And the flowers." " Why do you have two television sets?" " If that one breaks, I've got this." " Why do you have bagpipes?" " Why do you ask so many questions?" "So that I can get to know you." "To see if your brother and I are compatible?" "No, to make sure you aren't, so you can be together." "Like magnets." "Opposites attract." "I've never met anyone like you." " A good sauce is what's important." " What goes in the sauce?" "Go for a red wine sauce, that always works." "Sam." "What do you mean, "missing"?" "Well, he's been late all week." "And today, third day in a row..." "He brought some girl along and now he's just up and disappeared." " What girl?" " His guardian." " I'm his guardian." " How am I supposed to remember that?" "I thought it was one of your girlfriends." " I had the same girl for five years." " Is this about your girlfriend?" " I don't have one, we broke up." " What a shame." " Where is Simon?" " That's the thing." " I don't know." "He's gone." " Idiot ..." "Idiot ..." "Right..." "Hello..." "Excuse me?" " Hi, have you seen Simon?" " No." "Was he here this morn..." "Hey?" "Could you turn that thing off?" "!" "Stop blowing!" "Get it out of here!" "Was he..." "Hello?" "You have to stop!" " Get off!" " Lie still." "Get off!" "He's cross-eyed, never smiles, wears red and blue..." " ...walks all stiff." "Name's Simon." " I'll find him." " Should I file a report?" " Nah, I'll remember..." " Sorry I left you alone." "Is it okay?" " Yes, I like being alone." "Do you?" "Me too." "But only when I choose to be alone." "I generally choose to be with someone, though." " I don't need to be alone, I have Sam." " Right." " Nice, huh?" "Just like you." " No, not just like me." "Your colors." "Yes, red and blue." "And here are some melts." " You have to make them round." " You've said so a thousand times." "No, five times." "Who is it?" "Right, it's "mini-Saturday"." "No, it's Wednesday." "Today is Wednesday, Jennifer!" " Hi!" " Hi, honey." "How are you?" "So here you are." "I'd kind of forgotten..." "This is Simon." "He can't touch anyone!" " Hi, I'm Clara." " What's with the Nazi salute?" "I'm Simon and I'm Asperger's." "That's why people can't touch me." " Is he your boyfriend?" " No, absolutely not." " What did you bring?" " Tequila!" "Pictionary!" "Come on, Simon." "Let's play." "Ever play Tequila Pictionary?" "It's really easy..." " Do you want one?" " I told you, they have to be round." " The crusts are the best part." " There are glasses under there." "Right there, grab them." " All right if I help myself?" " Sure." " Melt, Simon?" "An ice cream!" "Grass." "A palm tree." "I was first." "I was first." "Hi, Mom." "Just wondered if Simon was there." "No, don't worry, he'll find his way home." "I am calm." "Yes, I'm calm." "Bye." " A ball." " The moon, the sun..." "A pizza?" "Venus, Jupiter." "A rock, with two... balls!" "These are also supposed to be completely round." " Time's up." " What is it?" "It's water, can't you tell?" "Oxygen and two hydrogen atoms." "You are seriously disturbed!" " That's not water." " You could draw an island, waves..." " It doesn't have to be so advanced." " Penalty shot." "Penalty, penalty..." "What did he do?" "Why are you sitting out here?" "Are you sad?" " What makes you think that?" " You look sad." "Sometimes people look sad even though they're happy." "Once, when Sam was picked Most Valuable Player, my mom cried." "But she was happy." "But she still cried." " Right." " You're not sad anymore?" " It's not that simple, Simon." " It is." "Either you're sad or happy." "No." "I'm sad about someone who used to make me so happy, who's an idiot." "You have to replace him with a new quantity, like in an equation." "Are you happy?" "I'm happy I'm out here with you." " I don't understand." " I like you." "Not that." "How can you go from happy to sad like that?" "Imagine that you have a circle, like this." "Round." "And up here, at the top, is the saddest you can get." "Then you're less sad." "You're almost okay." "You're fine." "You're happy, psyched, almost in a state of euphoria, and then just insanely happy when you reach the top." "On the other side of sad." "It's like it couldn't get any better." "But it's so easy to tip over the edge and go sad." " I understand." " You do?" "Yes." "Someone you liked stopped liking you, and that made you tip over to the other side." "Tip over from happy to sad." "You explain things so I understand." "Only you and Sam do that." " Good, maybe we're not all different." " You are." "He's order, you're chaos." " Thank you." " You're welcome." "Just so you know, I can only fall for good-looking guys." "Hold on." " Here." " Who's that?" "My brother Sam." "Is he good-looking or not?" " Possibly..." " You think so?" "Because if you do, you can meet him." "Let's ask Lisa and Clara." "Let's ask Lisa and Clara." "Hello..." " How are you?" " Fine." " What are you doing here?" " Simon has disappeared." " I see." " Have you heard anything?" "No, sorry." " Sorry, but..." " What do you want?" "It might have something to do with you." " That's not my problem, right?" " Yes... or no." "I don't know." "I don't know what to do about you, or about us..." "There is no "us" anymore." "Easy for you to say." "You were just looking for a reason to break it off so you could meet new guys." "You're the one in a relationship with your brother." "Come back when you've got something better to offer." "The shirt is kind of..." "But that can be changed." "Are you in love with him now?" "You can't fall in love with a picture." " Yes you can." " No, It doesn't work like that." "You have to click, like in the movies." "I don't watch romantic movies." "Do you want to meet him?" "What's this?" ""I'm Sam, Simon's big brother."" ""If you're reading this, he's probably lost or gotten into trouble."" ""It's not his fault, he has Asperger's."" ""Call me and I'll come pick him up and fix whatever he broke."" " How sweet!" " Do you want to meet him now?" " No..." " You want to." " Yes..." " You said yes." " I don't know." "Where are you going?" " Home to Sam." " What about me?" " You're going on a date." " Simon!" " He's cute... really sweet." "I'm home." " Where were you?" "I was worried." " I've been with Jennifer." " Who?" " Your new girlfriend." "Sam?" "She's your total opposite." "She explains things so I understand." " Apart from that, you're opposites." " I don't want to meet her." "You need someone who does the dishes and who likes me." " She likes me, so she'll love you." " I want to be alone." "You didn't call all day!" "Don't you realize how worried I was?" " She wants to go on a date with you." " I don't want to see anyone." " Is that so hard to understand?" " Where are you going?" " To Mom and Dad's." " Why?" " Because." " Are you angry, Sam?" " You sound like you're Asperger's." " Butt out of this!" "You can't even take care of yourself!" "Can't you see how upset I am?" "No, you can't because you're the one with Asperger's, you idiot!" "You're yelling, Sam." "Sam!" " Don't touch me!" " Sam?" "Sam..." "Sam!" "Sam!" "Sam!" "I'm an idiot!" "It was so obvious..." "They're opposites!" "So if Jennifer wants to go on a date, then Sam won't want to." "I have to complete my mission." "If you get the magnets close enough, science will take care of the rest." "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven." "I want every single movie there is about two people falling in love." " All of Hugh Grant's movies." " All of them...?" "Great, I've got an incoming call." "Hi, chef." "I'm in need of some catering." "Team, we have to stick together." "I chose you because I believe in you." "That, and you're the only people I know." "Will you tempt fate?" "Will you help me?" "Synchronize!" "Good..." "Just like in a Romcom." " Not until 10 pm on the dot." " I have to practice." "Just one." " What do you want it for?" " An equation." " Sam." " It's Thursday, so I figured..." "No more movie nights." "I'm playing basketball today." "Sam?" "What?" "Help!" "Help!" "Could you please get me out of this?" "Get me out." " For me?" " Hello?" " Is that you, Sam?" " Who the hell are you?" "This is fun!" "Why are you in a sack?" "Simon, you bastard!" "I'm going to kill you!" "He said I was going on a date." "Date?" "What date?" " Maybe we can call him?" " He doesn't have a phone." " You're late!" " Yeah yeah, love takes time." " No, hurry up." " Yeah..." " I don't think he's coming." " Go ahead, I'll wait." "What the hell...?" " What was that?" " Jennifer?" "Flowers from Sam." "Thanks, they're beautiful." ""You had me at hello." "Love, Sam."" "We're all set up on the hill." "S'il vous plaît!" " It's lovely..." " Come with me to the hill." "Une petite... finger food." "S'il vous plaît!" "This is great." "I love kiwis." "Cheers." " Okay, what do you want?" " What?" "I get it, you were in on this from the start." " What do you want from us?" " I'm here for Simon's sake." "I like him, he's great." "He said if I liked him, I'd love you." "There are no similarities, and no one really likes Simon." " How can you say that?" " Of course I like him." " But he only cares about himself." " That's so not true." "He wants us to like each other and said I'm a thousand times better." " 93 7." " What?" " He thinks you're 93 7 times better." " Who cares?" " I care!" " He's doing this for himself." "Just look at what he's done." "He's arranged for a ton of food." "There are lights, wine, roses..." "It's the ultimate romantic movie." "Don't you realize what you mean to him?" "He even got us live music." " Shit, how can you not see it?" " Yeah, but..." " I don't know, I ..." " What don't you know?" " I'm used to him." " So he does this all the time?" "No, but I ..." "If you could have anything you wanted, what would you wish for?" " A pet, maybe?" " A pet?" "Something unusual, maybe a monkey." "So if I could have anything I'd wish for a monkey?" "Cheers." "Sometimes bad gives way to good." "That's a kind of balance, as well..." "Maybe you need a special kind of intelligence to comprehend this?" "Maybe you need Asperger's." "Maybe there are feelings in space..." "That was a great surprise." "It's not over yet." "Where is Jennifer?" "Are you together now?" " No, but we may be friends." " What?" " But you have to get together." " We're not getting together." " Calm down." " Yes, yes, yes..." "You have to get together, Sam." "You do." " She's gone home..." " You scared her off!" " Jennifer!" " Jennifer?" "!" " Calm down." "Calm down!" "Simon!" "Simon!" "Things change, Simon, and it's not necessarily someone's fault." "Everything changes." "Not me." "You don't have to do all those things for me." "I had it all figured out." "You're supposed to be together now." "Why do you want us to be together?" " I don't want her to go away." " That doesn't mean she'll go away." "Sure it does." "If she doesn't like you, she won't like me." "I'm 93 7 times worse than you..." "And now she's gone." "I'm not the one who's gone, you are." " I'm not gone, I'm right here." " So am I ." "Hi there." "I'm not going anywhere." "I like you." "Hey, come on out..." " Why?" " Because." " Why?" " Because." " What are you doing?" " What?" "Can I give you a hug now or what?" " Why?" " Because I want to." "For the lovely dinner." "For the lovely evening, you and me and everything." "May I?" " I don't want anyone touching me." " Can't you tell?" "We already are." | Low | [
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Q: Jquery addClass works for width and height but not for background and color I have this jquery issue that makes me scratch my head. I want to addClass to each list item. While list items do increase in width and height, background and color do not change. Why? Thank you. Jquery: <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(".userarea_nav li").each(function(){ $(this).addClass("selected"); }); }); </script> CSS: .selected{ background: blue; color: yellow; height: 200px; width: 100px; } A: Try !important if you already have css background for li .selected{ background: blue !important; color: yellow; height: 200px; width: 100px; } DEMO without important DEMO with important | Low | [
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The EPA's weapon to push fuels is its ability to set blending targets that fuel distributors have to meet or risk fines. In recent months the EPA has been under fire for its efforts to enforce an E-15 (15 percent corn ethanol) blending target. However, in U.S. Appeals Court of the D.C. Circuit, it was the other half of its initiatives -- the advanced biofuels blending targets -- that were on the chopping block. The Appeals Court ruled this week that the EPA's blending targets for a particular type of advanced biofuel -- cellulosic ethanol -- were simply infeasible. The EPA had demanded that between 2010 and 2012, 20 million gallons of cellulosic ethanol be produced. But to date almost no cellulosic ethanol has been blended into commercial fuel, and cellulosic ethanol startups have been unable to provide significant stock to blenders. The EPA claims it has the authority to enforce blends based on the 2007 Energy Act passed under the Bush Administration, which promoted biofuels (and corn ethanol) growth. But the Appeals court rejected [PDF] that argument calling the decision to enforce targets on refiners -- customers of the fuel producers -- rather than the producers themselves as a bizarre and unprecedented government effort. The three-judge panel writes, "We are not convinced that Congress meant for E.P.A. to let that intent color its work as a predictor, to let the wish be father to the thought. ...Apart from their role as captive consumers, the refiners are in no position to ensure, or even contribute to, growth in the cellulosic biofuel industry ... [The EPA's message was essentially], 'Do a good job, cellulosic fuel producers. If you fail, we’ll fine your customers.'" A key fuel industry figure, Bob Greco, the American Petroleum Institute’s director for downstream and industry operations, cheered the ruling, telling The New York Times, "There is no onus or accountability on the person who is producing the fuel. They’re incentivized to pump up their projections via press release, and make rosy estimates because there’s no skin off their back if they fail to hit those." But the court stopped short of handing the refiners (blenders) a total victory. It still left targets regarding biodiesel from fat, waste oil, soybean oil, or other sources intact. It also left targets for sugarcane ethanol -- regarded as another "advanced" biofuel -- intact. The Renewable Fuel Association (RFA), while disappointed about the cellulosic ethanol rejection, praised the court for not adopting a broader rollback, while defending the EPA's estimates. The RFA writes, "The EPA did not determine a reasonably achievable volume and then inflate it. Rather, it set the volume based on the best information available to it at the time." Cellulosic ethanol remains an interesting idea. Unlike food crop ethanol, it doesn't put pressure on food prices. It in theory would bolster U.S. energy security, while minimizing the importance of oil producing states, many of which are hostile to the U.S. And by repurposing carbon-containing waste instead of burning fossil fuels, cellulosic ethanol would cut carbon emissions (versus corn-ethanol which has been shown to increase net carbon emissions, compared to petroleum). Cellulose forms the "woody" component in most plant leaves and stems. It is harder to break down than "sugarier" plant carbohydrates. [Image Source: CUNY] Two cellulosic ethanol startups -- Inios Bio and KiOR -- claim to be "near" commercial production, after tens of millions in startup capital. But neither company has a working commercial scale plant yet. Other cellulosic ethanol companies -- such as Coskata, which General Motors Comp. (GM) backed pre-bankruptcy -- are still floating around, showcasing "semi-commercial" scale plants. But compared to the ambitious claims of a few years back, it would certainly seem such firms have lost a degree of their momentum. quote: "But the Appeals court rejected [PDF] that argument call the decision to enforce targets on refiners -- customers of the fuel producers -- rather than the producers themselves as a bizarre and unprecedented government effort." But the Appeals court rejected [PDF] that argument, calling the decision to enforce targets on refiners (customers of the fuel producers), rather than the producers themselves, a bizarre and unprecedented government effort. quote: For the reasons set out above, we reject API’s challenge to EPA’s refusal to lower the applicable volume of advanced biofuels for 2012. However, we agree with API that EPA’s 2012 projection of cellulosic biofuel production was in excess of the agency’s statutory authority. We accordingly vacate that aspect of the 2012 RFS rule and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. That's what the PDF document concludes from the Appeal. The court doesn't seem at all opposed to what the EPA are trying to do, they're just saying that one of their targets aren't realistic and therefore is being set aside for now. | Low | [
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SUNRISE, Fla. — The road has been good to the Bruins, who remain undefeated in opponents’ arenas heading into Friday night’s tilt with the Florida Panthers at the BB&T Center. Game time is set for 7:30 p.m. ET (NESN, 98.5 The Sports Hub). The Black & Gold are 3-0-0 on the road, where they have grabbed decisive wins. After struggling out of the gate and putting themselves in an 0-3 hole with three straight home losses to start the season, the Bruins re-established their play during a six-day, two-game road trip in Colorado and Arizona that saw them earn 6-2 and 5-3 victories. With another road win — 5-3 over the New York Islanders — and a 6-0 rout of the Coyotes on Tuesday night at TD Garden for their first home win of the season, the Bruins are 4-0-1 in their past five games and feeling confident about their game at both ends of the ice. “We had to find a balance there between the two, and I think in the last game, even though [Arizona] had played a lot [on their road trip], I thought we really managed to do that well,” Bruins Head Coach Claude Julien said following the team’s pregame skate at the BB&T Center. “We didn’t give them much, and I thought we generated a lot, so it’s about that mind shift, going from offense to defense and back and forth, and I think our guys are adjusting a lot better to that.” “I think it’s a combination of mentally and physically, we’re not hesitating,” said Torey Krug. “That’s how we¹re getting the results right now. I think guys are starting to be more comfortable with each other on the ice and in our system, and wearing a Bruins jersey, and that helps.” “Guys aren’t thinking took much, and we’re going out there and playing, and not trying to put on a show. I think those things together bode well for our team.” Friday night’s tilt kicks off the first back-to-back of the season for the Bruins, who will face the Lightning in Tampa Bay on Saturday night (7:00 p.m. ET), and their focus right now is resting solely on the Panthers. Florida is off to a 5-3-1 start and has won two straight games, 4-1 over Colorado and 6-2 over Dallas. The Bruins were neck and neck with their Atlantic Division rivals in the standings at the end of the 2014-15 season, as both teams pushed to get into the playoffs. “I think our guys are grounded and understand there’s still a lot of work to be done to improve our hockey club and we’re well aware of that,” said Julien. “We’ve just got to keep coming into games and trying to make ourselves better every night and not look so much at what we’ve won and what we’ve lost more than, ‘what’s the challenge on that same “ night?’” “This is a good team here that’s been improving a lot in the last few years and is a legit contender.” “They’re a hard-working team — they got off to a tough start, but they’ve played really well lately,” said Florida Head Coach Gerard Gallant. “They’re one of those teams that is going to challenge and bang around and play hard, and it should be a real good test.” “Last year, they finished a few points ahead of us. I see the same thing this year. It’s going to be a battle for a bunch of teams.” Florida’s most recent victory over the Avalanche came with three power-play goals and a perfect night on the PK that included a shorthanded tally. “I think we come out and we’re pretty tight defensively,” said former Bruin Shawn Thornton. “We try to move up the ice as a unit, we’ve been opportunistic on special teams lately. I think that¹s basically it. Nothing special, but we get the job done by committee here.” While the Panthers’ power play is ranked tied for third, the Bruins remain at the top of the League on the man advantage, having converted on nine of their 28 opportunities (32.1 percent). Miller Ready to Go, Kemppainen Questionable Kevan Miller will be ready to go for Friday night’s tilt against the Panthers, according to Julien, while Joonas Kemppainen is questionable. Both players were on the ice for Friday’s pregame skate in Sunrise. Miller was paired with Zdeno Chara on defense, while Kemppainnen rotated at center with Chris Kelly on the fourth line. They had stayed off the ice on Wednesday and Thursday for maintenance, in hopes that they would be ready to go. Miller had to shake off an awkward hit into the boards during the matchup with Arizona on Tuesday that caused him to miss the third period. Kemppainen dealt with an undisclosed situation in that game that saw him play limited shifts in the third. “Feeling good now. It was a little rough couple of days, but feeling pretty good now,” said Miller. “To be honest, I had kind of banged it up three shifts before and that hit was just kind of unfortunate timing, so the play that happened before actually made it more significant but I guess the hit looked like it was a little bit strange.” “Just trying to manage it as we go,” Miller added. “There are a number of injuries throughout the year and [we’ll] just kind of manage it how it goes.” Rask Expected to Start Tuukka Rask was the first goalie off the ice at pregame skate and expected to start on Friday night against Florida, with Jonas Gustavsson possibly getting Saturday’s game against Tampa Bay. Rask looks to carryover his strong play from Tuesday night’s 6-0 win over Arizona that marked the 27th shutout of his career. He’s 2-0-1 in his last three starts. Roberto Luongo is expected to start between the pipes for the Panthers. Jagr Out vs. Bruins The age-less Jaromir Jagr, who turned 43 this year, has six goals and 10 points on the season for the Panthers, to give him 728 career goals (fifth all-time and three goals behind Marcel Dionne). He left Florida’s last game on Tuesday against Colorado with a lower-body injury and hasn’t been completely ruled out for the game against Boston, but is not expected to play. “Jagr’s obviously a pretty good player, so they’ve got him out but the kid they brought up [Logan Shaw] is a pretty good player, too, and they still played fine without [Jagr] last game,” said Hayes. “So I think it’s going to be a tough battle for us and we’re going to have to be ready to go.” Hayes, Smith Fitting In with Respective Teams When the Bruins and Panthers made the trade with Jimmy Hayes and Reilly Smith on July 1, it seemed like a solid “hockey trade” that would benefit both sides. Hayes has fit in well as a Bruin with his strong North-South, hard-nosed game, and he has three goals and eight points to show for it. While Hayes was looking forward to playing against his “old buddies” on the Panthers, he’s been enjoying his new team. “It’s nice to be back home, it’s a great environment, there’s a lot of hockey buzz up there and being close to family, it’s a lot easier,” said Hayes. “It’s a lot of excitement coming to the rink and we have a great group of guys in here, so it’s been fun.” Meanwhile, Smith has accustomed himself to a young, stingy Panthers team, with seven points (four goals, three assists) through nine games. “I don’t think it¹s ever really expected but you could see Boston was going through a bit of a transition and changing up the team a little bit, so you always have an idea that things may happen,” Smith said of the trade, and noted his excitement for playing against his former team. “It’s obviously something you have circled on your calendar,” he said. “They’ve been hot as of late and will definitely come out with a lot of steam… [and] the Boston power play is pretty lethal.” Along with Smith, Boston reporters caught up with Thornton, who is in the second season of a two-year deal he signed with Florida as a free agent in 2014. Hayes spent last season with Thornton on the Panthers and put up career numbers with 19 goals and 35 points through 72 games. “I’m sure I’ll hear something [from him],” Hayes joked about seeing Thornton on the ice. “He stills tell me he has the keys to the city.” After eight seasons with Boston, the former Bruin likes to try and keep the Dorchester native in his place. “Has he tried to steal them yet?” Thornton laughed, when told of Hayes’ comment. “Might have to sort that out out there [on the ice].” “Hayes is a good guy. I miss him. He’s a really good guy, and we still keep in touch. I wish him all the success in the world,” Thornton added. “He’s tough to move when you’re covering the net, he does a good job of being able to put pucks in around there, finds them, puts them in. I think he¹s playing a bigger role for you guys, I think he¹s moving around a little bit better, too, so good for him.” Projected Lineup vs. Florida 10/30 Brad Marchand—Patrice Bergeron—Brett Connolly Loui Eriksson—David Krejci—David Pastrnak Matt Beleskey—Ryan Spooner—Jimmy Hayes Zac Rinaldo—Chris Kelly—Tyler Randell Zdeno Chara—Kevan Miller Torey Krug—Adam McQuaid Joe Morrow—Colin Miller Starter: Tuukka Rask // Backup: Jonas Gustavsson Projected Scratches: Zach Trotman, Joonas Kemppainen | Low | [
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Q: calculate how many variations in woocommerce In this Link, I have 4 dropdowns each. First two dropdowns (Fitting-1 and Fitting-2) have 5 values and remaining two dropdowns (meter and centimeter) have 4 values.. Now, we have to show all options. I don't know how many variations will come? Please suggest me how to calculate variations A: In your link Fitting 1 only has 3 choices, but regardless, the math is always the same, you multiply the number of outcomes for each attribute by each other. Variations = n attribute 1 x n attribute 2 x n attribute 3 x n attribute 4 Where n is the number of possible outcomes. If the first two attributes have 5 possible outcomes each and the second two attributes have 4 outcomes each then your total is Variations = 5 x 5 x 4 x 4 = 400 | High | [
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Last year, she told Capital FM that she’s always concerned someone is bugging a room she’s in, or “videoing or recording her ... [t]hat's one of my paranoias,” eerily foreshadowing what happened with Kanye West. And she has taken serious measures to ensure these things don’t happen. In 2014, Rolling Stonereported that when Swift moved into her $15 million New York apartment, she also paid $5 million for a unit across the hall to house her security team. In the same story, Swift says she's worried about wiretapping: “Don’t even get me started on wiretaps,” she said. “It’s not a good thing for me to talk about socially. I freak out.” She also admits to having considered the possible candidates to bug a Van Nuys recording studio: “The janitor. The janitor who’s being paid by TMZ. This is gonna sound like I’m a crazy person—but we don’t even know. I have to stop myself from thinking about how many aspects of technology I don’t understand." She theorizes further about these possibilities: “‘Like speakers. Speakers put sound out . . . so can’t they take sound in? Or-she holds up her cellphone-'they can turn this on, right? I'm just saying. We don't even know.’” But, as Jody Rosen pointed out in a New York magazine story in 2013, Swift has reason to be this vigilant over her own personal safety. Earlier that year, police arrested a man near Swift’s estate in Watch Hill, Rhode Island, to which he had swum two miles so he could meet the young singer. Stalkers have shown up on the premises of her home twice this year alone, so it’s not far-fetched to fear what the power of technology can do—even in the hands of a fellow celebrity. It’s still not clear as to whether a lawsuit will actually come of this whole ordeal, but Swift’s reaction is almost predictable. She's been on high alert for years; however, all of the preventive measures she's taken couldn't preclude the one flaw in the system: when someone else did secretly record her, not on her home turf. | Mid | [
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Meta Centriolar satellites are numerous electron-dense granules distributed around the centrosome. needed for the introduction of irregular satellites, as full microtubule depolymerization outcomes in the disappearance of these aggregates from the area of the centrosome. We highlighted, using superresolution and electron microscopy, that under these circumstances, centriole constructions are faulty. Extremely, these cells are insensitive to Plk4 overproductionCinduced ectopic centriole development, however they IFNA-J accelerate centrosome reduplication upon hydroxyurea police arrest. Finally, the appearance of satellite television aggregates can be cancers cell particular. Collectively our results offer novel insights into the system of centriole microtubule and set up anchoring. Intro Centrosome features are essential for a wide range of mobile procedures, including the cell routine, cell motility, ciliogenesis, and advancement. More than the history 10 years, it offers become apparent that the centrosome takes on a multifaceted role in these processes; nonetheless, its canonical function as a microtubule-organizing center is still generally regarded to be crucial. The centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles associated with surrounding pericentriolar material (PCM; Bornens, 2002 ; Azimzadeh and Marshall, 2010 ; Nigg and Stearns, 2011 ; Gonczy, 2012 ). In addition, numerous electron-dense granules 70C100 nm in size, referred to as centriolar satellites, exist around the centrosome (Kubo = 61 for control siRNA and 49 for hMsd1/SSX2IP siRNA). We did not observe overduplicated centrosomes in either control or hMsd1/SSX2IP-depleted cells. In addition, although gold particles also localized as expected to the lumen of authentic centrioles in control and hMsd1/SSX2IP-depleted cells, the overall intensity of labeling was slightly reduced in hMsd1/SSX2IP-depleted cells (Figure 3D, yellow arrowheads). Consistent with the notion that defects in microtubule anchoring are the primary reason for accumulation of extra centrin dots upon hMsd1/SSX2IP depletion, the introduction of siRNA-resistant full-length hMsd1/SS2XIP or forced targeting of the C-terminal hMsd1/SSX2IP (hMsd1/SSX2IP-C-PACT) was capable of suppressing this phenotype (Figure 3D). Taking the results collectively, we suggest that hMsd1/SSX2IP-mediated microtubule anchoring is important for the proper delivery of centrin to the centriole via centriolar satellites. A subset of centriolar/centrosomal components accumulates in centriolar satellites upon hMsd1/SSX2IP depletion Because centrin is arguably not the sole protein transported to the centrosome via centriolar satellites (Dammermann and Merdes, 2002 ; Nachury = 6), 42% of centrioles in hMsd1/SSX2IP-depleted cells displayed abnormalities (= 12); of interest, centriole structures were obscure, and the relative density of the pericentriolar region in Msd1-depleted cells was often increased AZD8931 compared with control cells (Figure 5B). Finally, we ectopically overproduced Plk4 in hMsd1/SSX2IP-depleted cells to induce extra centriole assembly. Plk4 is a master regulator of centriole copy number; overproduction leads to centriole overduplication, whereas depletion leads to defects in centriole duplication (Kleylein-Sohn values were calculated. Electron microscopy techniques Cells grown on gridded coverslips were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB), followed by secondary fixation in 1.5% glutaraldehyde/2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PB for AZD8931 60 min. The coverslips were then processed using 1.5% potassium ferricyanide/1% osmium tetroxide and 1% tannic acid in 0.05 M PB to enhance contrast before dehydration and embedding in epoxy resin. The cells of interest were identified by correlating the grid reference/cell pattern on the surface of the block with fluorescence images. Serial ultrathin sections were collected through the entire extent of the cells of interest and were viewed using an electron microscope (FEI Tecnai G2 Spirit BioTWIN with Gatan Orius CCD camera [FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands]). Serial images AZD8931 were adjusted for brightness and contrast using Photoshop and stacked and aligned using Amira (Visage Imaging, Berlin, Germany). AZD8931 Cells processed for cryosectioning and immunolabeling were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, or 4% formaldehyde with 0.1% glutaraldehyde, in 0.1 M PB. After fixation and embedding in 12% gelatin, blocks of 1 mm3 were trimmed and cryoprotected in 2.3 M sucrose at 4C, ready for mounting onto pins and snap freezing (Slot and Geuze, 2007 ). For cryosectioning (Tokuyasu, 1973 ), 70-nm-thick serial sections were cut at ?120C and collected onto Formvar-coated finder grids or slot grids using a wire loop filled with 1% methyl cellulose/1.15 M sucrose in PBS. For immunolabeling,. | High | [
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Revisiting imidazolium based ionic liquids: Effect of the conformation bias of the [NTf2] anion studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We study ionic liquids composed of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide anions ([C n MIm][NTf2]) with varying chain-length n = 2, 4, 6, 8 by using molecular dynamics simulations. We show that a reparametrization of the dihedral potentials as well as charges of the [NTf2] anion leads to an improvement of the force field model introduced by Köddermann, Paschek, and Ludwig [ChemPhysChem 8, 2464 (2007)] (KPL-force field). A crucial advantage of the new parameter set is that the minimum energy conformations of the anion (trans and gauche), as deduced from ab initio calculations and Raman experiments, are now both well represented by our model. In addition, the results for [C n MIm][NTf2] show that this modification leads to an even better agreement between experiment and molecular dynamics simulation as demonstrated for densities, diffusion coefficients, vaporization enthalpies, reorientational correlation times, and viscosities. Even though we focused on a better representation of the anion conformation, also the alkyl chain-length dependence of the cation behaves closer to the experiment. We strongly encourage to use the new NGOLP (Neumann, Golub, Odebrecht, Ludwig, Paschek) force field for the [NTf2] anion instead of the earlier KPL parameter set for computer simulations aiming to describe the thermodynamics, dynamics, and also structure of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. | High | [
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[Partial purification of peptides present in the Tityus macrochirus (Buthidae) scorpion venom and preliminary assessment of their cytotoxicity]. Scorpion venom contains peptides with neurotoxic action primarily active on ion channels in the nervous system of insects and mammals. They are also characterized as cytolytic and anticancer, biological characteristics that have not yet been reported for the Tityus macrochirus venom. To assess if the total T. macrochirus venom and the fraction of partially purified peptides decrease the viability of various tumor-derived cell lines. The scorpion venom was collected by electrical stimulation and, subsequently, subjected to chromatography, electrophoresis, and ultrafiltration with Amicon Ultra 0.5® membranes for the partial identification and purification of its peptides. The cytotoxic activity of the venom and the peptides fraction trials on tumor-derived cell lines were carried out by the MTT method. The T. macrochirus scorpion venom has peptides with molecular weights ranging between 3 and 10 kDa. They were partially purified using the ultrafiltration technique, and assessed by the RP-HPLC method. Cytotoxicity trials with the whole T. macrochirus venom showed a higher viability decrease on the PC3 cell line compared to the other cell lines assessed, while the partially purified peptides decreased the HeLa cell line viability. Peptides in the T. macrochirus scorpion venom showed cytotoxic activity on some tumorderived cell lines. We observed some degree of selectivity against other cell lines assessed. | Mid | [
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Description of mat2cell2</title> <meta name="keywords" content="mat2cell2"> <meta name="description" content="Break matrix up into a cell array of same sized matrices."> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="generator" content="m2html © 2003 Guillaume Flandin"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../m2html.css"> </head> <body> <a name="_top"></a> <!-- menu.html matlab --> <h1>mat2cell2 </h1> <h2><a name="_name"></a>PURPOSE <a href="#_top"><img alt="^" border="0" src="../up.png"></a></h2> <div class="box"><strong>Break matrix up into a cell array of same sized matrices.</strong></div> <h2><a name="_synopsis"></a>SYNOPSIS <a href="#_top"><img alt="^" border="0" src="../up.png"></a></h2> <div class="box"><strong>function C = mat2cell2( X, parts ) </strong></div> <h2><a name="_description"></a>DESCRIPTION <a href="#_top"><img alt="^" border="0" src="../up.png"></a></h2> <div class="fragment"><pre class="comment"> Break matrix up into a cell array of same sized matrices. Useful wrapper for matlab function mat2cell. Instead of specifying locations along each dimension at which to split the matrix, this function takes the number of parts along each dimension to break X into. That is if X is d1xd2x...xdk and parts=[p1 p2 ... pk]; then X is split into p1*p2*...*pk matricies of dimension d1/p1 x d2/p2 x ... x dk/pk. If di/pi is not an integer, floor(di/pi) is used. Leftover chunks of X are discarded. Using a scalar p for parts is equivalent to using [p p ... p]. So for example if X is 10*16, mat2cell2( X, [2 3] ) breaks X into 2*3 parts, each of size 5x5, and the last column of X is discarded. USAGE C = mat2cell2( X, parts ) INPUTS X - matrix to split parts - see above OUTPUTS C - cell array adjacent submatrices of X EXAMPLE A=rand(6,10); B = mat2cell2(A,[3 3]), See also MAT2CELL, <a href="cell2array.html" class="code" title="function Y = cell2array( X, padEl )">CELL2ARRAY</a>, CELL2MAT Piotr's Computer Vision Matlab Toolbox Version 3.02 Copyright 2014 Piotr Dollar. [pdollar-at-gmail.com] Licensed under the Simplified BSD License [see external/bsd.txt]</pre></div> <!-- Start of Google Analytics Code --> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-4884268-1"); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script> <!-- end of Google Analytics Code --> <hr><address>Generated by <strong><a href="http://www.artefact.tk/software/matlab/m2html/" target="_parent">m2html</a></strong> © 2003</address> </body> </html> | Low | [
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This summer «Le Temps» (a Swiss newspaper in French) presents young photographers from art and journalism schools across Switzerland. I’m very happy that they chose to publish one of my pictures on July 28. To see the full page click here. The picture was taken in Varanasi, India. It shows an owl in a gage of a bird seller who walked along the river Ganges. People buy birds from the bird seller to set them free. It is believed that this action brings good luck to the buyer. | Mid | [
0.649411764705882,
34.5,
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Abbey Hill School and Performing Arts College The Abbey Hill School and College is a special secondary school in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. According to DfES, it has been awarded specialist status as an Arts College. The school The school comprises an upper school, a lower school and a special autistic school for challenged children. Upper school students must take on community service as part of their education. Age ranges from preschool to eighteen years for the students. Autistic School Since autistic children require a very structured environment, the school has set aside half of the schools for smaller, individual classes. Age ranges from preschool to sixteen years for the students. References https://web.archive.org/web/20060421074940/http://www.abbeyhill.stoke.sch.uk/unit.htm Category:Special secondary schools in England Category:Special schools in Stoke-on-Trent Category:Community schools in Stoke-on-Trent | High | [
0.6929133858267711,
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###### Strengths and limitations of this study - This is the first large randomised trial designed to evaluate the impact of chewing gum on postoperative nausea and vomiting. - The trial is designed as a multicentre, international study, enhancing external validity. - The inclusion of health economic and treatment acceptability assessments is a strength of this trial. - Limitations include the inability to blind patients and postanaesthesia care unit nurses to group allocation, and restriction to patients aged ≥12 years (potentially reducing applicability to younger children). Introduction {#s1} ============ More than 300 million patients have surgery each year worldwide, with the greatest growth in recent years in low-income nations.[@R1]Postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting (PONV) affects up to 80% of untreated patients after general anaesthesia, females disproportionately more than males, and contributes significantly to patient discomfort, costs of care and potentially life-threatening complications such as aspiration and wound dehiscence.[@R2] PONV is independently associated with a tripled incidence of admission after scheduled day surgery compared with no PONV, and has been the leading cause of unplanned admission in patients undergoing ambulatory gynaecological surgery.[@R7] In children, PONV accounts for 25% of admissions following scheduled day surgery.[@R9] PONV leads to increased costs of treatment and hospital care, increased length of stay in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) and logistical difficulties for hospitals, patients and their families.[@R10] PONV remains one of the most common reasons for patient dissatisfaction with anaesthesia,[@R11] and patients are willing to pay up to US\$100 to avoid PONV.[@R12] Numerous guidelines on the prophylaxis and treatment of PONV have been published. The Consensus Guidelines published by the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesiology provide the most authoritative summary of the evidence.[@R3] Despite their wide and long-standing promulgation, and a wealth of PONV literature, evidence suggests poor compliance with the Guidelines, especially in low-income nations.[@R6] In one study of over 23 000 anaesthetics, only 30% of high risk patients received the recommended antiemetic prophylaxis.[@R14] Therefore, PONV remains a significant problem that requires treatment. When PONV occurs, with or without prophylaxis, the Guidelines recommend treatment with a range of first-line drugs such as 5-HT~3~ receptor antagonists (eg, ondansetron) and butyrophenones (eg, droperidol). These drugs have side effects, for example prolonged QT interval, headache, elevated liver enzymes and constipation.[@R3] Additionally, the combination of large numbers of patients treated and treatment failures can be costly, particularly in low-income nations in which surgical volumes are rapidly rising (115% increase in surgery rate between 2004 and 2012 for countries with per capita health expenditure \<US\$400 per annum[@R1]). The cost of antiemetic drugs may be paradoxically higher in these regions, for example, while ondansetron costs US\$0.15 in Australia, it costs US\$1.11 in the Sudan, about 2% of the total annual per capita health spend in that nation.[@R15] To minimise both harm and cost, there is emerging interest in drug-free alternative treatments for PONV. Acupuncture at the P6 point on the inner forearm[@R16] and ginger[@R17] have proved efficacious in preventing PONV compared with placebo, and acustimulation has been reported as equivalent to ondansetron for treatment.[@R18] These modalities have not seen widespread uptake, however, due to clinician unfamiliarity, and training and equipment requirements. A simple drug- and equipment-free treatment---chewing gum---has been found to be efficacious for the related problem of postoperative paralytic ileus following gastrointestinal surgery. Hypothesised mechanisms of its effect include 'sham feeding', with increased gastrointestinal activity mediated via cephalic-vagal stimulation from chewing. A 2015 meta-analysis including 9072 patients across 81 randomised controlled trials demonstrated evidence for reduced postoperative ileus and earlier hospital discharge.[@R19] We hypothesise that mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of chewing gum in the resolution of postoperative ileus may have a role in the treatment of PONV. Feasibility {#s1a} ----------- We assessed the feasibility of chewing gum in an initial prospective cohort study, which enrolled 41 female patients having gynaecological laparoscopy, with a median age of 31 (range 18--52) years.[@R20] Thirty-one patients (76%) reached an Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (OAA/S) score of 5,[@R21] and successfully completed a period of gum chewing in the PACU (median duration 15 min, range 3--40 min). There were no identified safety concerns with only one piece of gum intentionally swallowed and none inhaled, and chewing gum was found to be acceptable to patients and PACU nurses alike. Our subsequent randomised controlled pilot study[@R22] enrolled 94 female patients undergoing breast or laparoscopic surgery who received intraoperative antiemetic prophylaxis, and randomised them to intravenous ondansetron 4 mg or chewing gum if nausea, retching and/or vomiting was experienced in the PACU. Feasibility was demonstrated, as recruitment was satisfactory, the protocol was acceptable to anaesthetists and nurses, and data collection was complete. Twenty-eight of the 94 patients (30%) developed nausea, retching and/or vomiting in the PACU (13 randomised to ondansetron; 15 randomised to chewing gum, of whom two were insufficiently awake and one refused to chew gum). Using a hypothesised difference for equivalence of 15%, on a per-protocol basis (preferred methodology for testing a non-inferiority hypothesis[@R23]), complete response of the first episode of nausea, retching and/or vomiting without requirement for rescue medication occurred in 9 of 12 (75%) of chewing gum patients versus 5 of 13 (38.5%) of ondansetron (risk difference 37%, 90% CI 6% to 67%, p=0.07). The intention-to-treat findings were consistent with the per-protocol results. We aim to demonstrate the non-inferiority of this simple and inexpensive treatment compared with ondansetron for the common and distressing problem of PONV in a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. This study has the potential to introduce a novel drug-free treatment for a common complication of anaesthesia and surgery, without the side effects and cost associated with conventional drug treatment. As such, it has potential to significantly improve health outcomes and save money for millions of patients and health services in high-income, middle-income and low-income nations worldwide. Study hypotheses {#s1b} ---------------- Our primary hypothesis is that chewing gum is non-inferior to ondansetron in achieving complete cessation of nausea, retching and vomiting within 2 hours of administration, with no recurrence between cessation and 2 hours after administration, and no rescue medication between administration and 2 hours after administration (ie, complete response), in female patients aged ≥12 years with nausea, retching and/or vomiting in the PACU after volatile anaesthetic-based general anaesthesia for breast or laparoscopic surgery. Our secondary hypotheses are that chewing gum is superior to ondansetron with respect to: (1) complete response (as defined above), if chewing gum is found to be non-inferior; (2) acceptability of randomised treatment to patients and PACU nurses; (3) time to complete response in the 2 hours after randomised treatment; (4) numbers of episodes of nausea, retching and/or vomiting in the 2 hours after randomised treatment; (5) numbers of rescue treatments for nausea, retching and/or vomiting in the 2 hours after randomised treatment; (6) duration of PACU stay; (7) quality of recovery; (8) functional health and well-being; (9) duration of hospital stay from PACU admission; (10) costs of randomised medications, rescue medications and hospital stay and (11) willingness-to-pay to achieve the primary outcome. Methods and analysis {#s2} ==================== Study design and setting {#s2a} ------------------------ The Chewy Trial is a multicentre, randomised, international, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial, with patients randomised equally to either chewing gum or ondansetron. Patients will be recruited from approximately 20 adult and paediatric hospitals across Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong affiliated with the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Clinical Trials Network. A block permuted randomisation list stratified by site will be computer-generated by an independent statistician. Allocation to treatment arms will be carried out centrally by a computer. Recruitment commenced in July 2018, and is expected to be completed in early 2020. Inclusion criteria {#s2b} ------------------ The following patients are eligible for enrolment:Written informed consent (patient consent, parent/guardian consent).Female sex.Aged 12 years and older.Weight≥30 kg.Volatile anaesthetic-based general anaesthesia.Preoperative Apfel score ≥2.Breast or laparoscopic surgery. Exclusion criteria {#s2c} ------------------ The following exclusion criteria apply:Plan to use propofol-maintained general anaesthesia.Plan to use inhalational induction of general anaesthesia without propofol coinduction.Contraindication to chewing gum:Impaired pharyngeal/oesophageal function (eg, bulbar palsy, achalasia).Phenylketonuria (contraindication to sweetener aspartame in chewing gum).Full upper and/or lower denture (not feasible to chew gum).Contraindication to any protocolised antiemetic drug (prophylaxis, randomised intervention or rescue).Treatment with any of the study antiemetics within 8 hours of induction.Planned postoperative mechanical ventilation. Study procedures {#s2d} ---------------- ### Intraoperative management {#s2d1} Patient monitoring will be established in accordance with the standards of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists.[@R24] If indicated midazolam and/or clonidine may be administered as premedication or during induction. General anaesthesia will be induced with propofol and an opioid; coinduction with sevoflurane is permitted. If indicated neuromuscular blockade will be established. After placement of either a supraglottic airway or endotracheal tube, anaesthesia will be maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and/or air. Nitrous oxide will be prohibited during the maintenance phase. Further opioid and/or non-opioid analgesia and/or regional or local anaesthesia will be administered at the discretion of the attending anaesthetist. Intravenous fluids, prophylactic antibiotics and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis will be administered according to local protocols. Patient core temperature \>36°C will be targeted using assisted warming devices. Antiemetic prophylaxis will be administered intraoperatively according to PONV risk, as determined by the investigators using the Apfel risk score and commensurate with the Consensus Guideline.[@R3]Patients with 2--3 risk factors ('medium risk') will receive one drug, dexamethasone 4 mg intravenous \[recommended dose of dexamethasone is 0.15 mg/kg (4 mg in a 27 kg patient with all recruited patients≥30 kg)\]; and patients with 4 risk factors ('high risk') will receive two drugs, dexamethasone 4 mg intravenous and droperidol 10 mcg/kg to a maximum of 0.625 mg intravenous. This protocol is familiar to and easily employed by anaesthetists. At the end of surgery, and if applicable, neuromuscular blockade will be reversed with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate or atropine, or sugammadex. When appropriate, patients will be transferred to the PACU. Anaesthetists will record intraoperative data on the case report form (see below). ### Postoperative management {#s2d2} Postoperative pain will be managed at the discretion of the attending anaesthetist. Antiemetics other than the randomised intervention and rescue medications will be prohibited. Patients will be observed from their arrival in the PACU by a blinded observer who is a member of the research team. While in the PACU, patients may spontaneously report nausea or be observed to retch or vomit. If patients do not spontaneously report nausea and are not observed to retch or vomit, they will be asked 'Are you feeling sick?' every 15 min by the observer. If nausea is present, its severity will be recorded as mild, moderate or severe.[@R25] If nausea, retching and/or vomiting are present the patient will be assessed for alertness using the OAA/S score ([figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}).[@R21] If the score is 5, the observer will leave the PACU, to maintain blinding to group allocation. The PACU nurse will randomise the patient using REDCap,[@R27] an electronic data capture tool hosted at The University of Melbourne, and then administer the randomly allocated intervention. Allocation concealment will be maintained, as the module will not release the randomised group assignment until after patient recruitment, completion of baseline measurements, and PONV in PACU is experienced. The PACU nurse will encourage the patient to chew the chewing gum (if applicable) for the full 15 min period, after which it will be discarded, and the patient and PACU nurse will rate acceptability of the randomised treatment. This interval has been chosen to encompass the peak effect of ondansetron (10 min)[@R28] and also the time to complete response seen with chewing gum in our pilot trial \[median (25th--75th percentile) time to complete response 10 (7--15) min\].[@R22] The blinded observer will then return to the PACU to observe the patient continuously for 2 hours after randomisation, noting the time of resolution of the index episode of PONV, and any recurrent retching, vomiting or nausea. This observation period will continue on the ward if the patient is discharged from the PACU prior to 2 hours elapsing. {#F1} If the OAA/S score is \<5, chewing gum will not be allowed and thus the patient will not be randomised. The patient will receive antiemetic treatment at the discretion of the attending anaesthetist and will not be followed further. Patients who are randomised to chewing gum but who do not chew it (for whatever reason) will receive ondansetron 4 mg intravenous (the first rescue treatment in the chewing gum group) and will continue in the study as part of the chewing gum intention-to-treat set. Rescue medication will be administered to patients who report a nausea score of moderate or severe for a period of \>15 min, ≥2 episodes of retching or vomiting within 15 min, at patient request or at the discretion of the treating team any time from the administration of the randomised treatment to 2 hours later ([tables 1 and 2](#T1 T2){ref-type="table"}). The observer will be blind to the identity of each rescue medication given. Patients will be discharged from the PACU when they meet local discharge criteria; if discharge occurs prior to 2 hours elapsing during which no nausea, retching and/or vomiting are present, then the patient will be ineligible for randomisation. ###### Rescue antiemetic treatment (patients aged ≥18 years) Intraoperative Intervention Rescue 1 Rescue 2 Rescue 3 -------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- Dexamethasone Chewing gum Ondansetron 4 mg Droperidol 0.625 mg Cyclizine 50 mg Ondansetron 4 mg Droperidol 0.625 mg Cyclizine 50 mg Metoclopramide 20 mg Dexamethasone+droperidol Chewing gum Ondansetron 4 mg Cyclizine 50 mg Metoclopramide 20 mg Ondansetron 4 mg Cyclizine 50 mg Metoclopramide 20 mg Propofol 20 mg All medications apart from propofol can be administered on the ward if patient is discharged from PACU \<2 hours postrandomisation, still within the observation period. All medications administered intravenously. ###### Rescue antiemetic treatment (patients aged \<18 years) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intraoperative Intervention Rescue 1 Rescue 2 Rescue 3 -------------------------- ----------------- --------------------------- ------------------------- ----------------- Dexamethasone Chewing gum Ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg\ Droperidol\ Promethazine\ (max: 4 mg) 10 mcg/kg\ 0.2 mg/kg\ (max: 0.625 mg) (max: 6.25 mg) Ondansetron 4 mg Droperidol\ Promethazine 0.2 mg/kg\ Metoclopramide\ 10 mcg/kg\ (max: 6.25 mg) 0.5 mg/kg\ (max: 0.625 mg) (max: 20 mg) Dexamethasone+droperidol Chewing gum Ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg\ Promethazine 0.2 mg/kg\ Metoclopramide\ (max: 4 mg) (max: 6.25 mg) 0.5 mg/kg\ (max: 20 mg) Ondansetron 4 mg Promethazine\ Metoclopramide 0.5 mg/kg\ Propofol\ 0.2 mg/kg\ (max: 20 mg) 0.3 mg/kg\ (max: 6.25 mg) (max: 20 mg) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All medications apart from propofol can be administered on the ward if patient is discharged from PACU \<2 hours postrandomisation, still within the observation period. All medications administered intravenously. Blinding {#s2e} -------- Blinding of patients, parents/guardians (if present in the PACU) and PACU nurses to the randomised intervention will not be possible given the nature of the intervention. Patients, parents/guardians and PACU nurses will be advised of their role in promoting observer blinding. Blinding of observers who collect data in the PACU will be facilitated by the observer departing prior to randomisation and returning after removal of chewing gum and rating of acceptability, thus being unaware of group allocation. Observers will be blind to the identity of rescue medications, so that they will not be alerted to group allocation. The difficulty of full blinding is a frequent methodological issue in trials involving non-pharmacological antiemetic strategies, and previous studies examining modalities such as acustimulation and aromatherapy have been completely unblinded.[@R18] The study statistician, data collectors, outcome assessors, data analysts and manuscript writers will remain blinded until database lock. Data and safety monitoring {#s2f} -------------------------- An independent Data and Safety and Monitoring Committee (DSMC) comprised of an experienced academic anaesthetist (chair), another academic anaesthetist and an independent epidemiologist/statistician will meet regularly to review blinded trial data and safety endpoints in its open sessions and have access to unblinded group and patient data in its closed sessions. Given the benign nature of the study interventions (chewing gum and ondansetron) and the common but mild nature of PONV, no interim analyses to stop the trial early are planned. The DSMC may request unplanned interim analyses. Primary outcome {#s2g} --------------- The primary outcome of the trial is complete cessation of nausea, retching and vomiting within 2 hours of administration, with no recurrence between cessation and 2 hours after administration, and no rescue medication between administration and 2 hours after administration (ie, complete response). Secondary outcomes {#s2h} ------------------ Planned secondary outcomes are:Acceptability of randomised treatment to patients and PACU nurses.Time to complete response in the 2 hours after randomised treatment.Numbers of episodes of nausea, retching and/or vomiting in the 2 hours after randomised treatment.Numbers of rescue treatments for nausea, retching and/or vomiting in the 2 hours after randomised treatment[@R29].Duration of PACU stay.Quality of recovery (using the QoR-15 score),[@R29]24 hours after randomisation or at hospital discharge, whichever is sooner.Functional health and well-being (using the SF-12 or SF-10 paediatric),[@R30]24 hours after randomisation or at hospital discharge, whichever is sooner.Duration of hospital stay from PACU admission.Costs of randomised medications, rescue medications and hospital stay.Willingness-to-pay to achieve the primary outcome. Safety outcomes {#s2i} --------------- The following safety outcomes occurring between randomisation and 24 hours after randomisation or hospital discharge (whichever is sooner) will be reported:Swallowing of chewing gum.Inhalation of chewing gum.Unplanned overnight admission for scheduled day cases.Unplanned intensive care unit admission.Cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke).Pulmonary events (postoperative pulmonary complications).Wound events (bleeding, dehiscence).Death. Sample size {#s2j} ----------- In our pilot study,[@R22] complete response of the first episode of nausea, retching and/or vomiting without requirement for rescue medication occurred in 9 of 12 (75%) of chewing gum patients versus 5 of 13 (38%) of ondansetron (risk difference 37%, 90% CI 6% to 67%, p=0.07). Excluding two of these chewing gum patients and one ondansetron patient who had a recurrent episode of PONV in the PACU after complete response, 7 of the 12 (58%, Wilson's 95% CI 32% to 81%) chewing gum patients and 4 of the 13 (31%, Wilson's 95% CI 13% to 58%) ondansetron patients achieved complete response without recurrence. The risk difference was 28% (Newcombe's 95% CI −5% to 53%). Assuming 40% of patients will achieve complete response without recurrence in the ondansetron group (conservative) and 50% in the chewing gum group (numerically 10% better than ondansetron), a sample size of 129 patients per arm (258 in total) will be required to provide valid data for the per-protocol analysis to establish non-inferiority by having the lower limit of the two-sided 95% CI of the difference between chewing gum and ondansetron higher than −10% with 90% power. Anticipating 5% of patients violating the per-protocol definition and thus excluded from the primary analysis set, the total number of patients to be randomised is 272. The non-inferiority margin was obtained using the statistical fixed-margin (95%--95% method) approach[@R31] combined with expert opinion. For the fixed margin approach, a random effects meta-analysis of three double-blind randomised studies evaluating the effect of ondansetron versus placebo on complete response of PONV for 2 hours after administration was used.[@R32] Data across different doses of ondansetron were pooled, which is clinically acceptable given that a previous systematic review concluded lack of evidence of a clinically relevant dose-response pattern.[@R35] This meta-analysis resulted in an estimate of 37% (95% CI 26% to 48%) in favour of ondansetron over placebo which led to a clinical margin of 13% (ie, 50% of the lower limit of the 95% CI). The clinical expert opinion approach started with the assumption that the proportion of patients achieving complete response without any treatment will be substantially lower than that observed with ondansetron. Across the three historical studies[@R32] this proportion ranged from 8% to 34% in the placebo arms compared with 49% to 78% in the ondansetron arms and ondansetron showed consistent superior efficacy to placebo. Using our definition of the primary outcome, we anticipate that the difference between ondansetron and placebo would have been at least 20% in favour of ondansetron if our study included a placebo arm. Therefore, the use of a non-inferiority margin of at most 10% is considered a valid approach for evaluating chewing gum compared with ondansetron. Combining these two approaches, the non-inferiority margin was set to 10%. Statistical analyses {#s2k} -------------------- The primary analysis of the primary outcome of complete response will be based on the per-protocol set (ie, all randomised patients receiving the treatment they were randomised to and who provide valid primary outcome data). A sensitivity analysis will be conducted for the intention-to-treat set (ie, all randomised patients according to their randomised treatment). A generalised linear model with identity link and binomial distribution will be fitted to the primary outcome, with treatment group and site as independent variables. Non-inferiority of chewing gum to ondansetron will be concluded if the lower limit of the two-sided 95% CI for the absolute difference in the proportion of patients achieving complete response is greater than −10% for the per-protocol set. If non-inferiority is demonstrated, superiority of chewing gum over ondansetron will be concluded if the same limit is greater than 0% for the intention-to-treat set. In addition, we will obtain an adjusted treatment effect accounting for type of surgery (breast and laparoscopic). Sensitivity analyses will be performed to explore the potential impact of missing data on the results of the primary outcome for the intention-to-treat set. Analysis of the secondary outcomes will follow the intention-to-treat principle and superiority testing will be conducted of chewing gum versus ondansetron. A Cox proportional hazards model will be fitted to the time to complete response, with the underlying proportional hazard assumption tested using the scaled Schoenfeld residuals. Quality of recovery and functional health and well-being continuous outcomes will be analysed using linear regression models with baseline value, treatment group and site in the model. Count data (number of episodes of nausea, retching and vomiting, number of rescue antiemetics) and length of stay (duration of PACU stay and duration of hospital stay) will be modelled using generalised linear regression models. Safety outcomes will be summarised according to treatment received. Subgroup analyses will include assessment by age (\<18 vs ≥18 years), type of surgery (breast vs laparoscopic), and by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori status (yes vs no) and will be evaluated by including the interaction between treatment group and subgroup into the model. Health economic analyses {#s2l} ------------------------ Health economic analyses will be based on the comparison between the chewing gum and ondansetron groups in terms of total costs and proportions of patients with the primary outcome. Cost incurred by each patient in each treatment arm will be calculated based on resource utilisation (quantities of chewing gum or ondansetron and medications used in rescue treatment, and length of hospital stay), and unit costs. Unit price for chewing gum will be based on the market price in Victoria, and unit costs for medications on the price list of the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme. Costs of hospital admissions, adjusted for the length of hospital stay, will be calculated using the diagnosis-related groups, cost weights ((Weighted Inlier Equivalent Separation (WIES)) and WIES prices published by Victoria State Government. In line with the primary and secondary hypotheses, we expect that chewing gum will be dominant over ondansetron, ie, the average cost per patient will be lower and the probability that a patient achieves the primary outcome in the chewing gum group will be higher compared with the ondansetron group. If the chewing gum treatment is found not to be dominant, the incremental cost of treatment with chewing gum to have one more patient achieving the primary outcome compared with treatment with ondansetron (ie, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)), will be calculated. If the baseline risk factors are not similar between the two treatment groups, costs and health outcomes will be adjusted for these factors using the statistical model described in the previous section for health outcome and log-normal regression models for costs. If there are missing data, multiple imputation combined with bootstrap inference will be used to capture uncertainty surrounding the ICER. Mean willingness-to-pay will be calculated and compared with the ICER to inform the decision makers whether treatment with chewing gum is cost effective. We will perform internal validation of the willingness-to-pay by checking if there will be a positive influence of health outcomes and income on these measures. Patient and public involvement {#s2m} ------------------------------ We have involved an experienced health consumer advocate at all stages of the project, from protocol development to ethics application and trial conduct. The health consumer advocate is a member of the Trial Steering Committee. Ethics and dissemination {#s3} ======================== Results from this study will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented at national and/or international anaesthesia conferences. Conclusion {#s4} ========== This trial will provide definitive evidence as to whether chewing gum is non-inferior to ondansetron for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting after volatile-based general anaesthesia in female patients. This trial has the potential to significantly improve clinical and economic outcomes for millions of patients and health services worldwide. Supplementary Material ====================== ###### Reviewer comments ###### Author\'s manuscript **Contributors:** JD: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript preparation. BSvU-S: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript proofing. SB: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript proofing. DS: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript proofing. AD: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript proofing. MA: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript proofing. AT-D: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript proofing. DM: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript preparation. KL: was involved in study design, protocol drafting and manuscript preparation. **Funding:** This work has been supported by a project grant from the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, and the Victor Hurley Research grant from Melbourne Health. BSvU-S is partly funded by the Perth Children's Hospital Foundation, the Stan Peron Charitable Trust and the Frank Callahan Estate. **Competing interests:** None declared. **Ethics approval:** Ethics approval for thisstudy has been granted by the Melbourne Health Human Research and EthicsCommittee (19 February 2018, HREC/18/MH/2). **Provenance and peer review:** Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. **Patient consent for publication:** Not required. | High | [
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--- order: 2 title: 在Ionic中使用 --- ## 第一个本地实例 我们可以在 **Ionic** 开发框架下使用 **NG-ZORRO-MOBILE**，下面我们用一个简单的实例来说明。 ### 1. 安装脚手架工具 > 使用前，务必确认 [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) 已经安装。 ```bash $ npm install -g ionic ``` ### 2. 创建一个项目 > 在创建项目之前，请确保 `ionic` 已被成功安装。 执行以下命令，`ionic` 会在当前目录下新建一个名称为 PROJECT-NAME 的文件夹，并自动安装好相应依赖。 ```bash $ ionic start PROJECT-NAME ``` ### 3. 初始化配置 进入项目文件夹，执行以下命令后将自动完成 `ng-zorro-antd-mobile` 的初始化配置。 ```bash $ ng add ng-zorro-antd-mobile ``` 开发者可以通过增加参数来完成个性化的初始化配置，例如自定义主题，还可以快速生成模板代码，详细可以参考 [脚手架](https://ng.mobile.ant.design/#/docs/schematics/zh) 部分。 ### 4. 开发调试 一键启动调试，运行成功后显示欢迎页面。 ```bash $ ionic serve ``` <img style="display: block;padding: 30px 30%;height: 260px;" src="https://img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB15EhGJwHqK1RjSZFPXXcwapXa-500-539.png"> ## 自行构建 ### 1. 安装组件 ```bash $ npm install ng-zorro-antd-mobile --save ``` ### 2.引入模块 在 app.modules.ts 中，全局引入 `ng-zorro-antd-mobile`。 ```typescript import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms'; import { RouteReuseStrategy } from '@angular/router'; import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http'; import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations'; import { IonicModule, IonicRouteStrategy } from '@ionic/angular'; import { SplashScreen } from '@ionic-native/splash-screen/ngx'; import { StatusBar } from '@ionic-native/status-bar/ngx'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module'; import { NgZorroAntdMobileModule } from 'ng-zorro-antd-mobile'; @NgModule({ declarations: [AppComponent], imports: [ BrowserModule, IonicModule.forRoot(), AppRoutingModule, BrowserAnimationsModule, FormsModule, HttpClientModule, NgZorroAntdMobileModule ], providers: [StatusBar, SplashScreen, { provide: RouteReuseStrategy, useClass: IonicRouteStrategy }], bootstrap: [AppComponent] }) export class AppModule {} ``` ### 3.引入样式 在 angular.json 中，全局引入 `ng-zorro-antd-mobile`样式。 ```json "styles": [ "node_modules/ng-zorro-antd-mobile/src/ng-zorro-antd-mobile.min.css", { "input": "src/theme/variables.scss" }, { "input": "src/global.scss" } ] ``` | Mid | [
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Gallery Listing Agent Listed By Request more information Thank you for the email, we'll get back to you shortly Name (required)Email Address (required)Questions/Comments Description This adorable unit was COMPLETELY remodeled in 2004/2005 ans is still in very good condition! Lovely tile in kitchen, dining area and baths. White raised panel cabinets in kitchen and baths. Master bath shower re-tiled and guest bath shower stall replaced.Great tenant have been in the unit for years and lease is up in May 2018. Nice private wooded view out your lanai. This complex has so many great amenities, heated pool, clubhouse, tennis court, shuffle board and putting green! 200 unit complex keeps the monthly maintenance fees at only $199! This includes the building insurances, all amenities and grounds maintenance, water and sewer and very strong reserves towards roofs, painting and paving. Onsite management too! All units equipped with hurricane shutters. Very close to I-75, shopping and quaint historic Punta Gorda! Call today for appointment. | High | [
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Giro Ionos Vs. Atmos by DAN KETCHUM Last Updated: Sep 11, 2017 Dan Ketchum Dan Ketchum has been a professional writer since 2003, with work appearing online and offline in Word Riot, Bazooka Magazine, Anemone Sidecar, Trails and more. Dan's diverse professional background spans from costume design and screenwriting to mixology, manual labor and video game industry publicity. A regular cycling regimen leads to health benefits ranging from a bolstered cardiovascular system to an overall increase in life expectancy. But while biking is a low-risk activity compared to activities like football, basketball or snow sports, a helmet is key to your safety. Giro's Ionos and Atmos helmets both fit the bill for road bikers, but they differ in the details. Similar Foundations Giro recommends both the Ionos and the Atmos helmets for casual road cyclists, road racers, commuters, touring bicyclists and triathlon competitors. Each helmet features an in-mold composite sub-frame under a polycarbonate shell. Likewise, both models focus on ventilation, utilizing Giro's Wind Tunnel ventilation system, which combines external vents with internal exhaust channels, encouraging an in-and-out cycling of air. The Ionos and Atmos both use the Roc Loc 5 fit system. With this system, a dial on the helmet allows you to adjust its tension and vertical position on the fly. If style gets you going, Giro offers both helmets in a wide variety of hues, from black-on-black to lime green with white trim. Only on Ionos Unlike the Atmos helmet, the Ionos features X-Static padding, a machine-washable cushioning with antimicrobal properties. In contrast, the Atmos has a regular foam liner. The successor to the Atmos model, the Ionos is very similar in appearance, but it sports a slightly longer, slimmer form factor than its cousin, with somewhat more distinct points near the helmet's crown. The professional reviewers at BikeRadar give the Ionos mostly positive marks, citing the helmet's cooling capabilities and fit, but noting that these features come with a high price tag. Atmos Exclusive To bolster safety for road cyclists, the Atmos features an in-mold roll cage, made from a web of nylon inside the helmet's foam liner. Although both helmets rely on Giro's Wind Tunnel design and both feature internal channeling, the Atmos edges out the Ionos with 26 individual vents compared to the Ionos' 21 vents. In their review, Road.cc praises the lightweight, plentiful ventilation and snug fit of the Atmos, but mentions that this model comes at a hefty price, like the Ionos. Budgeting for Safety At the time of its release, the Giro Ionos was substantially more expensive than the Atmos. In 2013, Giro stopped manufacturing the Ionos helmet. When purchased new from the manufacturer, Giro offers a one-year warranty for product repair or replacement -- by making a used purchase, you also lose this option. | Low | [
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Q: One procedure exec multiple queries one time SQL Here is the thing. I have a rule table, which include some rules I will run. And now I need a procedure to run all the rules one time AND I can't pass the RuleId. The Rule table like: RuleId RuleDescription RuleSqlQuery And all the query return the same records (Id, Name, Others) So how do I create a procedure. A: If you are using sql server, perhaps something like this... create procedure runrules as declare @temp table (id int identity(1,1), ruleid int) declare @curid int declare @maxid int declare @tempsql nvarchar(max) insert into @temp select ruleid from rule select @curid = 1, @maxid = max(id) from @temp while @curid <= @maxid begin select @tempsql = RuleSqlQuery from rule R inner join @temp T on T.ruleid = R.ruleid where T.id = @curid EXECUTE sp_executesql @tempsql set @curid = @curid + 1 end | High | [
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Q: Prove that if the truth tree method proves a sentence $A$ from a set of sentences $T$, then $T \models A$ Having trouble wrapping my head around how to prove this. My first question about this is what it means for the tree method to determine that $T$ $\models$ $A$. I'm taking it to mean that if we apply the tree method with every sentence in $T$ and $-A$ as inputs, then after the tree is finished, there are no open paths? Is this the correct way to unpack the original assumption? From there, i'm confused as to where to go. Using the definition I wasn't sure about, my first thought was to try a proof by contradiction and show that there couldn't possibly be an open path if the truth tree method determines $T$ $\models$ $A$, but i'm not sure how to show this. Any help/insight would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance! A: We have to exploit the fact that in case of a tableau (or : truth tree) for the set $S$ of formulas, a complete open branch defines a truth-assignment that satisfies the initials set $S$. This fact corresponds to the obvious fact that a closed path is unsatisfiable, because we close a path finding a pair of contradictory formulas. What we have to prove is the soundness of the proof procedure, i.e. that: if $T \cup \{ \lnot A \}$ closes without open paths, then $T \vDash A$. The proof is by induction, starting from the soundness of the rules. This means to consider each rule and prove that if the assumption of the rule is true, also at least one of the following path is true. Consider e.g. rule : $\dfrac {A \to B}{\lnot A | B }$; clearly, if $A \to B$ is true, either $B$ is true or $A$ is false (i.e. $\lnot A$ is true). Similarly for $\dfrac {\lnot (A \land B)}{\lnot A | \lnot B }$. The same for the rules regarding quantifiers, like e.g. $\dfrac {\lnot \forall x A}{\lnot A[x/a] } \text { with } a \text { new}$: if it is not true that $A$ holds of every object, this implies that there is an object, call it $a$, of which $A$ does not hold. Having verified the base case, we have to consider a tree $\mathcal T$ and a truth-assignment $v_0$ to the sentential variables occurring in the tree. We say that a path of $\mathcal T$ is true under $v_0$ if every formula occurring in the path is true under $v_0$. Finally, we shall say that the tree $\mathcal T$ is true under $v_0$ iff at least one path is true under $v_0$. Consider now a tree $\mathcal T_1$ and let $\mathcal T_2$ the immediate extension of $\mathcal T_1$ obtained with the application of one of the rules. The soundness of the rules proved above amounts to proving that any immediate extension $\mathcal T_2$ of a tree $\mathcal T_1$ which is true under a given truth-assignment $v_0$ is again true under $v_0$. From this it follows by mathematical induction that for any tree $\mathcal T$, if the origin is true under $v_0$, then $\mathcal T$ must be true under $v_0$. Last step : a closed tree $\mathcal T$ cannot be true under any interpretation, hence the origin of a closed tree must be unsatisfiable. Conclusion : if the tree for $T \cup \{ \lnot A \}$ closes (i.e. it is complete with no open paths) then the set of formulas $T \cup \{ \lnot A \}$ is unsatisfiable, and this in turn means that : $T \vDash A$. | High | [
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CHARLTON — The town participated in a training on Preventing and Addressing Workplace Discrimination Oct. 17. The Massachusetts Interlocal Insurance Association, Charlton's property and casualty insurance provider, in collaboration with the Massachusetts Commission against Discrimination, offered the training free to participating communities. Participants learned about prevention of and appropriate response to issues of potential discrimination, including discriminatory harassment, as well as the importance of developing an internal policy and communicating it to all employees. The training session explored situations that should trigger the duty to investigate, and how to ensure discrimination laws are enforced throughout the workplace. "The training was an eye-opener for staff as to what constitutes discrimination in the workplace, when it should be addressed and by whom," said Charlton Town Administrator Robin Craver. "All supervisors are mandated reporters and should take that responsibility seriously. We found the law to be complicated and appreciated the training provided by MIIA." Massachusetts employers, including municipalities, cannot discriminate against current or prospective employees based on race, color, religious creed, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, criminal record (inquiries only), handicap (disability), mental illness, retaliation, sexual harassment, sexual orientation, genetics and active military. Upon completion of these and other MIIA risk- and loss-prevention programs, participating communities are eligible for insurance premium credits through the MIIA Rewards Programs. "Reducing a community's risk takes many forms, including preventing discrimination," said Stanley J. Corcoran, executive vice president, MIIA. "Because of the diverse nature of their workforces and their responsibility to the taxpayers, cities and towns are particularly interested in staying on top of the latest of laws and court actions relative to discrimination. MIIA's training session gives them those updates and reinforces existing regulations thus reducing the risk of an expensive lawsuit." | High | [
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No limits Sometimes I have to remember not to put limits on myself. The idea of walking the streets, riding the bus, and taking the train in Taipei with my three energetic boys without Ben was a definite no. Where would we go, what would we do, is it safe, can we find our way back? But then I started to think about all of the adventures out there just waiting for us. And so, I packed a bag of water & snacks and we headed out into the city. I am so glad I didn't listen to the timid voice inside. It was a break through day for all of us. Oh, the adventures we had. | Mid | [
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WILLIAM WOODS HOLDEN Governor: 1865; 1868-1871 William Woods Holden (1818-1892), the illegitimate son of Thomas Holden and Priscilla Woods, was born on November 24, 1818, near Hillsborough. From age six, he lived with his father and stepmother, Sally Nichols Holden. With only a year or two of formal education, he learned to read and write. The remainder of his schooling came through his apprenticeship with Dennis Heartt, editor of the Hillsborough Recorder, to whom he was assigned at age ten. Following brief stints with newspapers in Milton, North Carolina and Danville, Virginia, he moved to Raleigh to work for the Star in 1836. Holden married twice. His first wife was Ann Augusta Young whom he wed in 1841. After her death, he married Louisa Virginia Harrison who shared his troubles and hardships. He fathered a total of eight children. Holden studied law at night and received his license in 1841, but he preferred the newspaper business to legal practice. He arranged to purchase the North Carolina Standard, the Raleigh based organ for the Democratic Party, and in 1843, became sole owner and editor. Borrowing from his earlier Whig leanings, he promoted reform, equal suffrage in voting for state senators, internal improvements for all sections of the state, continued development in education, and better working conditions in the factories and mills. Holden, more than any other individual, revived the Democratic Party and led it to dominance during the decade of the 1850s. In the sectional crisis, William W. Holden termed himself a “national” man, one who advocated the Union over secession while agreeing with southern interests in most other cases. As resistance reached futility in the Convention of 1861, he accepted and voted for secession. Having broken with the Democratic Party leadership, Holden used the Standard to promote a new Conservative Party, which in 1862 nominated Zebulon B. Vance for governor. With his influential newspaper spearheading the campaign, Holden led Vance to victory. The editor and the governor disagreed on how to conduct the war, however, and faced off as opponents in the 1864 election. Holden’s campaign rested on his belief that the Confederacy was doomed, and that North Carolina should seek a separate peace on the best terms possible. He had a sizable following, but most citizens agreed with Vance that continuing the war was preferable to the dishonor of deserting sister states. Holden suffered a humiliating defeat. On May 20, 1865, President Andrew Johnson called Holden to Washington and appointed him provisional governor of North Carolina effective May 29. Challenged with a state in economic and social chaos, he made more than 3,000 appointments in an effort to reorganize state, county, and local governments. He set the schedule for amnesty oaths and supervised their administration, took some steps towards economic recovery, and was a principal figure in the revision of the state constitution to meet federal requirements. Holden urged the newly freed slaves to exercise their rights and make the most of their opportunites “aided as you will [be] by the superior intelligence of the white race.” The 1865 convention called for a gubernatorial election on November 9. The Conservatives selected Jonathan Worth, whom Holden had appointed state treasurer, to oppose the provisional governor. Attacking Holden’s Civil War role and federal government relationship, Worth won the contest by almost 6,000 votes, but he could not assume duties until December 2¸ after North Carolina ratified the Thirteenth Amendment. Holden resumed editorship of the Standard and set about establishing the Republican Party in North Carolina. Meanwhile, Radical Republicans had seized control of Congress and put into effect their own plan of Reconstruction. Radical Reconstruction of the South provided the perfect venue for William W. Holden to make another bid for governor. With freedmen now possessing the vote, he successfully attained his goal in 1868. In his inaugural address on July 4, Holden called for unity to rebuild the state and for the people to accept northern immigration and capital as parts of that effort. He spoke of challenges facing the state: reorganization of government at all levels, re-establishment of the schools, the need for a state penitentiary, development of the devastated economy, expansion of internal improvements, and equal justice for all persons. The last was emphasized by his warning that armed resistance to national authority would be treason, and that an organized and armed militia would be necessary to “execute the laws and suppress riots or insurrections.” Social problems and political discontent brought into existence the Ku Klux Klan, a secret organization dedicated to the control and intimidation of blacks and Republicans. Holden vowed to destroy the Klan and made some ill-advised decisions capped by the “Kirk-Holden War” that ended his political career. The Conservatives recaptured the General Assembly in 1870 and brought charges of “high crimes and misdemeanors” against the governor for actions involved in his battle with the KKK. Notified that he had been impeached by the House of Representatives, Holden turned over duties of his office to Lieutenant Governor Tod R. Caldwell on December 20. The trial began on January 30, 1871, and lasted nearly three months. On March 22, the North Carolina Senate found Holden guilty on the most serious charges and ordered him removed from office, adding that he never again would be allowed to hold a state position. He was the first governor in the nation’s history to be impeached and removed from office, and the only one to bear that burden in North Carolina. For a while Holden edited the Daily Chronicle in Washington, D.C., then accepted the job of postmaster in Raleigh. A paralytic stroke on April 2, 1882, forced his retirement from public service. No longer able to write, he dictated his memoirs; the day after completion in February 1889, a second stroke shattered his faculties. He died on March 1, 1892, and was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Raleigh. "William Woods Holden." Photograph no. 53.15.1564. From the Audio Visual and Iconographics Collection, Division of Archives and History Photograph Collection, State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC, USA. Add a comment PLEASE NOTE: NCpedia will not publish personal contact information in comments, questions, or responses. If you would like a reply by email, please note thats some email servers are blocked from accepting messages from outside email servers or domains. These often include student email addresses from public school email accounts. If you prefer not to leave an email address, check back at your NCpedia comment for a reply. Please allow one business day for replies from NCpedia. Complete guidelines are available at http://ncpedia.org/comments. | Mid | [
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Deprecated download location Please download all excalibur artifacts directly from the main directory instead of from here. This location exists only for historical reasons and will be disabled eventually. Apache Avalon/Excalibur Distribution This downloads page provides sources and binaries for the reusable components from the Avalon Excalibur repository. Downloads of individual components (as opposed to a full distribution of all components) can be found in the components subdirectory. | Low | [
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The Wheeler Delta Series AR Armorer's Essentials Kit contains all of the essential tools a gunsmith or armorer needs to complete a full rifle build, make repairs or perform normal maintenance on AR-15/M16 platform rifles. Each of these Delta Series tools is designed with application specific features to perform with precision and ease. Each tool is constructed of the highest quality materials to deliver the best performance at a great value. All of the tools fit inside the durable carry case for convenient storage and transport. This 7-piece Armorer's Kit contains the best tools available and will enhance any user's ability to work on any AR. Kit Includes: AR15 Combo Tool Torque Wrench Upper Vise Block Clamp with Gas Tube Alignment Tool Pivot Pin and Roll Pin Installation Tool Mag Well Vise Block AR -15 Adjustable Receiver Link Custom Fitted Carrying Case Shipping Note: Eligible for shipping to all 50 states Warranty: 1 Year Wheeler | High | [
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96 F.3d 1450 NOTICE: Seventh Circuit Rule 53(b)(2) states unpublished orders shall not be cited or used as precedent except to support a claim of res judicata, collateral estoppel or law of the case in any federal court within the circuit.Eddie GILLIS, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.CHICAGO TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY, Defendant-Appellee. No. 95-1284. United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit. Submitted Aug. 29, 1996.*Decided Aug. 30, 1996. Before CUMMINGS, PELL and FLAUM, Circuit Judges. ORDER 1 Eddie J. Gillis, Jr. ("Gillis") was dismissed on November 15, 1991 by the Chicago Transportation Authority ("CTA") after seventeen years of employment. Gillis subsequently filed a lawsuit, claiming that the CTA deprived him of due process by failing to observe his seniority status in conducting the reduction-in-force, or alternatively, by firing him in violation of the CTA's for-cause-only termination policy. Because Gillis has not shown a deprivation of a federal right, we affirm the decision below granting the CTA's motion for summary judgment. 2 Under the CTA's layoff procedures, laid-off employees would be recalled to service if their job positions became available again. (Def.'s App. at 9). Gillis was not recalled to service following the layoff, because his position was, and remained, eliminated. Id. Subsequently, Gillis, along with several other "laid-off" employees, filed suit against the CTA pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging due process violations on two alternative theories--that they had been improperly laid off or that they had been unlawfully terminated without cause in violation of state laws. These suits were consolidated before Judge Hart who granted the CTA's motion for summary judgment of the due process claims. (R. at 103-104).1 Judge Hart ruled that even if the state law seniority provisions or the for-cause termination policy created entitlements to federal due process protection, the the CTA could not be subjected to municipal liability since Gillis failed to demonstrate that the CTA had a custom or policy of pretextually discharging employees. Id. The additional Title VII claims, brought by the plaintiffs other than Gillis, remained pending before Judge Hart until he recused himself upon learning that the lawyer who would handle the Title VII trial on behalf of the CTA had once been his law partner more than twelve years earlier. (R. at 126, 128-29, 149-51). The case was then reassigned to Judge Anderson, who denied Gillis' motion to reconsider the entry of summary judgment of the due process claims, and entered final judgment. (R. at 149-51). 3 On appeal, Gillis argues that the summary judgment was improper due to Judge Hart's bias allegedly resulting from his former affiliation with one of the CTA's lawyers, and because Gillis was dissatisfied with his lawyer's representation. (Pl.'s Br. at 4-5). We first note than any alleged bias on the part of the district judge is irrelevant since we review the judgment below de novo drawing all reasonable inferences from the facts in favor of Gillis. See Estate of Cole v. Fromm., et al., No. 95-4087, slip op. at 2 (7th Cir. Aug. 12, 1996). Secondly, as correctly noted by the CTA, dissatisfaction with one's attorney--especially where, as here, the Sixth Amendment is inapplicable--does not constitute grounds for reversal. To survive summary judgment, Gillis must show that there is a material issue of fact requiring a trial on the merits of his allegations. Williams v. Ramos, 71 F.3d 1246, 1248 (7th Cir.1995). 4 Gillis does not identify any theory in his appellate brief of why summary judgment was wrong on the merits, nor does he re-assert any of his challenges made before the district court. This is fatal to his appeal. See Johnson v. Duneland Sch. Corp., No. 95-3390, slip op. (7th Cir. Aug. 12, 1996) (noting that we will not consider issues raised before the district court that have not been raised on appeal). The only arguments regarding the merits are made for the first time in Gillis' reply brief, and, therefore, are not properly before us. Horn v. Transcon Lines, Inc., 7 F.3d 1305, 1308 (7th Cir.1993) (limiting appellate review to issues raised in appellant's initial brief). Even if we were to consider these arguments, they fail to demonstrate a material issue of fact. At most, Gillis' reply brief asserts that prior budget-related layoffs indicate a pattern or policy of improper terminations in violation of state law. But he does not explain how such a policy was pretext for unlawful discrimination, nor does he cite any relevant authority. See Brooks v. Allison Div. of General Motors Corp., 874 F.2d 489, 490 (7th Cir.1989) (a brief that "neither cites any legal authorities nor specifies any error in the district court's decision is frivolous."). More importantly, Gillis has failed to demonstrate a link between the CTA's prior budget-related layoffs and its actions toward him. See Whalen v. Rubin, No. 95-2893, slip op. at 8-9 (7th Cir. Aug. 7, 1996). Since Gillis has not demonstrated the existence of a triable issue of material fact concerning his allegations, Celotex v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986), we AFFIRM the district court's decision granting the CTA's motion for summary judgment. * After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral argument is unnecessary and the appeal is submitted on the briefs and record. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); Cir.R. 34(f) 1 We note that plaintiff's pro se status does not absolve his responsibility under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 30(a) and Circuit Rule 30 of appending the opinion below from which he is appealing to his brief. See In re Galvan, Nos. D-244, D-245, D-246 & D-247, slip op. (7th Cir. Aug. 13, 1996) | Low | [
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Monday, December 17, 2012 What We Talk About When the Family Visits My parents and brother, Young Jeezy were here this week, the former for the weekend, the latter for an entire week of board games and non-stop lightning round of entertainment and historical trivia. I made a very successful spatchcocked turkey on the grill, using the Mark Bittman recipe, augmented by a morning of brining. The bird turned out unusually moist, although it took more like 2 hours for me to get the temperature of the breast up to 165 degrees. Whether this was because of the size of my turkey (big) or the heat of the fire, I don't know, although I suspect the former. Nevertheless is was among the finest I've eaten. This morning as Jeezy was checking his Ipad he commented on the desultory quality of his recent Internet searches. I married his with mine to give a flavor of our visit. The Internet is so much better than our former dispute resolution source--an out-of-date set of encyclopedias in the living room cabinet: Was Jenga a traditional game somwhere? (No. invented in 1978) What was in Uncle Jim's famous tomato butter? (Not sure, but we suspect brown sugar and vinegar or lemon juice). Where did Robert Graves end up living out his days? (Majorca) What was Cato's deal? (Staunch republican, Caesar opponent, played by Christopher Walken in a 2002 miniseries). Where is Easter Island and to whom does it belong? (South Pacific. Chile) | Mid | [
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Q: Mongodb connection error ECONNRESET When I tried to connect to mangolab, I get Err ECONNRESET var mongo = require("mongodb").MongoClient; var assert = require('assert'); var url = "mongodb://username:password@urlForServer:port/databaseName"; mongo.connect(url, function(err, db) { console.log(err); }); I have put right info in connection url. please help. Thanks in advance. A: I had a similar issue and it was due to corporate network restrictions which could be your case also Your network may not allow this type of connection to this external address and port | High | [
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Post navigation Navigating Islam as a Deaf Muslim The call to prayer, issued five times in day in cities across the globe, is one of the most beautiful, spiritually uplifting sounds, regardless of whether one is Muslim or not. The sound even inspired Irish Catholic actor Liam Neeson to consider converting to Islam. He describes the sound as “the most beautiful, beautiful thing.” But many Muslims around the world will never hear the beauty of the call. Although there is no official estimate of the number of deaf Muslims, the World Health Organization estimates that about 275 million people worldwide (Muslim and non-Muslim) have moderate to profound hearing loss in both ears. While a lack of resources to support the deaf is certainly not limited to Islam, in a religion where sound is so important (think about the call to prayer or the recitation of the Qur’an), deaf Muslims often find themselves without the resources to fully engage with the religion. Valerie Shirley, the mother of a deaf child says that her son often feels socially excluded, as sign language interpreters are rarely available at jummah prayer, Islamic conferences, Eid prayer, or Muslim student organization meetings. She says: Imagine being at a community gathering with your family. The gathering lasts for hours. Everyone is laughing, clapping and seemingly enjoying themselves, but you have no idea what’s going on. You are isolated, despite the fact that you are in a room full of family and friends. This is the reality for many deaf people, including deaf Muslims. According to Global Deaf Muslim (GDM), a non-profit organization that addresses the needs and rights of deaf Muslims around the world, “information about Islam is seldom available in sign language making it difficult to educate deaf Muslims about Islam and for individuals to conduct their own research.” But the organization and others like Muslim Deaf UK are working to create resources for deaf Muslims. GDM has a video section with various jummah prayer sessions and works with Muslim organizations to increase interpreters in mosques around the country. They aim to establish uniform hand signs for key words and concepts in Islam, create sign language video narrations of the Qur’an, and support parents with deaf children. Muslim Deaf UK also provides a number of instructional videos. GDM makes it very clear they are looking to empower the deaf, not to garner sympathy. Nashiru Abdulai, founder and president of the organization says: Appeals like Abdulai’s have had some success in mobilizing the Muslim community to support the deaf. Ashia Ahmed, a sign language instructor in New Jersey, for example, has taken it upon herself to sign the call to prayer to catch the eye of passing deaf Muslims. She has also trained others to help out. While their grassroots efforts are certainly having an impact, there needs to be more attention paid to accommodations that would help deaf Muslims engage with the religion. After all, the Qur’an has been translated into virtually every language. Shouldn’t sign language be next? Do you think there are enough resources for deaf Muslims to engage with the religion and community? Do you have any suggestions for resources for deaf Muslims? Do you think deaf Muslims are at a particular disadvantage because of the importance of sound and word in Islam? We welcome your thoughts and comments below. | Mid | [
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Native American tribe is suing Budweiser for stealing its slogan This is a lesson beer maker Anheuser-Busch learned the hard way this week. A Native American tribe in North Carolina filed a federal lawsuit against the company for illegally using the tribe's logo and slogan in an ad campaign without their permission, the News & Observerreported. Oops. The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina filed the lawsuit Tuesday morning, accusing the beer maker of using its "Heritage, Pride & Strength" slogan on banners hung in convenience stores advertising Budweiser and Bud Light. The banners also feature the Lumbee tribe's logo, a circle that is divided into four different colored quadrants. Lawyers for the tribe argued that the banners leave a "false impression of an affiliation between the tribe and Anheuser-Busch." The faux pas is especially gripping, considering the delicate relationship between Native American communities and alcohol. "Many members of the [Lumbee] tribe find offensive because alcohol abuse is often associated with Native American culture," the lawsuit stated. Native Americans are "five times more likely to die of alcohol-related causes than whites," PBS noted. And problems with alcohol abuse start at a young age, researchers at Colorado State University found. According to the study, 18.3% of eighth-graders in the Native American community and 19.4% of 10th-graders participate in binge drinking. Anheuser-Busch issued an apology to the tribe, placing the blame of the advertising mishap on the wholesaler distributing its beer, Fox News reported. "Our wholesalers often implement local marketing efforts on behalf of our brands," the apology reads. "The wholesaler responsible for these signs removed them shortly after a complaint was brought to its attention, and has since expressed its regrets. Anheuser-Busch respects the Lumbee Tribe and likewise regrets that this occurred." The advertising has been taken down, but there no word on whether the tribe plans to drop the lawsuit. If they do, someone else may take the opportunity — in the name of patriotism — to sue the for temporarily renaming Budweiser "America." | Mid | [
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In Montana’s sole congressional district, Democrat Kathleen Williams is trying to convince voters that Greg Gianforte — and the Trumpian values he represents — is not who they are. On Oct. 18, Air Force One touched down in the college town of Missoula, Montana. It was the president’s third trip to Montana — a state of just over a million people — since July. For each of these trips, Trump spent the majority of his Montana-focused time attacking Democratic Sen. Jon Tester, pausing only briefly to introduce Tester’s opponent, Matt Rosendale, and acknowledge the other Republican running for national office: Rep. Greg Gianforte. “Any guy that can do a body slam,” Trump said, to escalating cheers, “he’s my guy.” Trump was referring to one of the more surreal moments in recent political history, when Gianforte — then running in a special election for Montana’s sole congressional seat — physically assaulted Guardian reporter Ben Jacobs on the night before Election Day. Jacobs, who had been attempting to ask the famously press-averse Gianforte a question about his support for the GOP health care bill, got audio of the incident. Yet Gianforte’s campaign issued a statement blaming the attack on “aggressive behavior from a liberal journalist.” Less than 24 hours later, Gianforte was declared the winner of the congressional race. Three weeks after that, he pleaded guilty to assault. He apologized and began modulating his tone with journalists. But a year and a half later, there he was with Trump, as the president reminded Montana voters who Gianforte was: the type of guy who would rather knock a journalist down than answer a question about his own platform. William Campbell / Getty Images Montana Republican Rep. Greg Gianforte at a fundraiser at the Sport restaurant in Livingston, Montana, on April 23. As the sun set on Trump in Missoula, Kathleen Williams — Gianforte’s new Democratic opponent — was seven hours across the state, speaking at an event in Miles City. Her campaign had just released a new ad, overlaid with audio from the assault: “Greg Gianforte. Assault and lies,” a voice intones. “This is not who we are.” But as the cheers at Trump’s rally made clear, for many Montanans, a guy who assaults a journalist is their guy. That guy may be the “definition of a flawed candidate,” as one GOP operative put it, and “Montana’s version of Ted Cruz: Nobody likes him,” as one resident said to me. But he’s still the Republican candidate in a state that voted overwhelmingly for Trump. So how do you campaign against him? Williams thinks she’s found the way, and it’s old-fashioned. She’s not drawing massive crowds or money like Beto O’Rourke, or releasing viral ads like MJ Hegar. She doesn’t have the kind of charisma that’s built for the internet, and, as Montana State University political science professor David Parker explains, “she doesn’t channel anger.” Instead, she’s chosen to go town to town, voter to voter — building specific plans to address the issues that Montanans are actually worried about (health care, Social Security, agricultural security) rather than the ones they’re told they should worry about during election cycles (guns, Muslims). She also fits the magic Montana formula for a Democrat to win statewide: appealing to the “Base Plus Plus,” or “Progressives + Independents + Moderate Republicans.” She talks about compromise like it’s all she’s ever known. She’s slightly awkward in a way that feels authentic, while also exuding a sort of radical competence. Our current political environment is defined by bombast and hyperpartisanship and ideological appeals to people’s hopes and fears — a strategy that Gianforte hasn’t necessarily embraced so much as allowed himself to be swallowed by. And while Gianforte doesn’t speak or tweet like Trump, he’s also careful not to denounce the president. By contrast, Williams’ campaign feels out of a different time, and it’s not just the folksy ads and the camper trailer. She’s appealing to an idea of Montana as a place where people vote for the person, not the party; where collaboration isn’t just the best way to get things done, but the only way; where people say “we agree on more than we disagree” and mean it. Williams is appealing to Montanans’ core sense of themselves: Are we scared and angry, her campaign asks, or are we kind and conciliatory? Are we exclusionary or inclusionary? Are we partisan or independent? How effective that message is remains to be seen this Election Day, but the problem with its appeal is not limited to Montana. Because, of course, there’s the way we say we are, and the way we think we are — and then there’s the way we actually vote. Alexis Bonogofsky for BuzzFeed News Kathleen Williams speaks at the Yellowstone County Steak Fry on Sept. 14. Montana political candidates take it as pretty much given that recent transplants to the state will vote along party lines — urban liberals for Democrats and rural conservatives for Republicans. So they spend the bulk of their time hunting an elusive breed, but one that still exists in Montana: a theoretically persuadable group of voters that used to be called “gravel road Democrats” — past and present foresters, miners, and union workers, many of whom have lived here for generations and find themselves reluctant to identify with either contemporary party. Republicans try to convince the 3–7% who might vote for the Libertarian candidate that they’re Libertarian enough; Democrats appeal to voters who believe they vote for the person, not the party. Republicans promise not to raise taxes; Democrats promise to protect the services (Medicaid, Social Security) those taxes shore up. And everyone talks about public lands, and access to them — it’s the one thing almost all Montanans can agree matters, even if they can’t always agree on what “protection” looks like. You could call these voters “independents,” or cross-ticket voters, or just what makes Montana so consistently unpredictable and politically interesting. And they’re exactly who Williams is betting she can persuade, one-on-one, person-to-person, in the lead-up to this election — in part by providing them with an opportunity to say that Gianforte is not who they are. Alexis Bonogofsky for BuzzFeed News The Yellowstone County Steak Fry, Sept. 14. On a Thursday morning in early September, Williams had drawn a crowd that packed the basement of the library in Livingston, Montana, population 7,529. She was there as part of a series of public forums — on public lands, Social Security, health care — that brought together concerned citizens and experts from the community. Today’s conversation would focus on Medicare. “This is not a campaign rally,” Williams told the crowd. “This is an opportunity for discussion of issues.” Gianforte had been invited, just as he had been invited to previous forums. His absence was part of the point: Two weeks before, Gianforte had infuriated public lands advocates by holding a “public meeting” (in this case, about the fate of 29 Wilderness Study Areas) that was announced just three days ahead of time and included no time for public input or comment. It was a typical move for Gianforte, who rarely gives advance public notice of his appearances, largely limiting them to GOP-friendly events; when he holds “town halls,” they’re virtual (online only) and all questions are screened by staffers ahead of time. An aura of inaccessibility has gathered around him, driven home in a recent Williams ad in which various Montanans describe their unsuccessful attempts to write, talk, or engage with Gianforte. (Gianforte's campaign did not respond to a request to comment for this story.) “Gianforte’s an unusual candidate, in that the more people he meets, the less chance he has of winning the election,” Matt McKenna, a veteran Democratic political consultant based in Bozeman, told me. “He’s such a flagrant, unlikable asshole, you have to keep him buttoned up and expose him to as few voters as possible.” In the overflowing Livingston library basement, Williams was exuding a very different sort of aura: open to actually having conversations with constituents, and eager to get into the nitty-gritty of health care problems and solutions. Williams, age 57, was one of the youngest people in the room — but she has been negotiating the health care system since she was 11, when her mother was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s. For the next eight years, Williams and her father served as her mother’s primary caregivers. Since she first went up against five other Montana Democrats vying for the chance to unseat Gianforte, that childhood experience — along with her three terms in the Montana House of Representatives, and career in water conservation — has been a centerpiece of Williams’ campaign. At no point during the primary was Williams labeled the frontrunner: She wasn’t the first out of the gate. She wasn’t the most progressive, or the most energetic. She didn’t raise the most money, not even close. And she isn’t a man. They'd say, “‘Can a woman win in Montana?’ And I’d reply, ‘Hell, not if people keep asking me that! And not if you keep thinking like that!’” In Democratic primaries this year, women across the country ran — and won — in historic numbers. But in Montana, a sort of accepted wisdom prevails, even among the most avowed progressives: A woman can’t win top spots in a statewide election. The thinking goes that while Montana may be a purple state, it’s still a traditional one. No matter that the state elected the first woman in Congress, Jeannette Rankin, all the way back in 1916 — four years before women were given the right to vote. It hasn’t elected one since. As the Guardian’s Kathleen McLaughlin points out, the first and last time a woman was elected governor of Montana — Republican Judy Martz, who served from 2001 to 2005 — her term was “marked by tone-deafness on issues affecting women” and cut short by a grisly scandal. Democrat Denise Juneau, who challenged Republican incumbent Ryan Zinke for the congressional seat in 2016, lost by 16 points. In the lead-up to the June 5 primary, I talked to a lot of people who thought Williams was the most articulate Democratic candidate on policy positions, and clearly the most qualified. Yet they thought they should cast their vote for one of the men running against her. “I like Kathleen,” the refrain would go, “but I just don’t think she could win in the general.” “God, that was so frustrating,” Williams later told me. “Especially when it was a woman who’d say it to me. When people would first say that, I’d cite statistics. But by the end of the primary, I was getting more blunt. They’d say, ‘Can a woman win in Montana?’ And I’d reply, ‘Hell, not if people keep asking me that! And not if you keep thinking like that!’” On primary night, Williams pulled off an upset, ending up with 33.5% of the vote — just under two points ahead of her closest competitor, but a decisive victory nonetheless. “She really pulled a rabbit out of her hat, winning that primary,” Margie MacDonald, a three-term Montana state senator, told me. (Over in the Republican primary, four candidates were vying to run against Jon Tester for his Senate seat, while Gianforte was running unopposed. Still, nearly 17,000 primary voters opted not to fill in the oval next to his name.) In the aftermath, many Montana analysts positioned her win within the national, record-breaking wave of 200 women who won House primaries. These days, Williams no longer hears questions about her gender. “I’m not getting that at all now,” she said. “And if you combine the two frontrunners, I was outspent 6 to 1. Talk about winning, right? We kinda did it big!” Alexis Bonogofsky for BuzzFeed News A raffle at the Yellowstone County Steak Fry. Since the early ’90s, an influx of new residents has fundamentally altered the political texture of Montana. The larger cities have grown more liberal and more expensive, as they’ve filled with Patagonia-wearing, mostly progressive transplants priced out of other urban areas. At the same time, conservatives fleeing liberalizing states (California in particular) have moved into the valleys outside those cities, which have been parceled up among Republicans far more ideologically conservative (and, generally speaking, outwardly religious) than those who’ve been here for generations. Both Williams and Gianforte make their homes in Bozeman — and, more than any other candidates in recent memory, represent the complicated shifts in Montana as a whole. Before Bozeman went full yuppie, it was, as Montanans put it in the least derogatory way possible, a cowtown — the ag school counterpart to Missoula’s liberal-artsy college town. Then “the movie,” as people refer to it, happened: 1992’s A River Runs Through It. Set in Missoula and filmed in Livingston and up and down some of the most beautiful county in the West, that movie planted a new vision of the state of Montana. The millionaires started moving in, and then the billionaires. They bought land cheap, parceled together ranches from landowners whose relatives had homesteaded it, and built sprawling faux-Western mansions. It happened all over the state, but the nexus of change was in Bozeman, a jumping-off point for Yellowstone National Park, skiing at Big Sky, and the exclusive development of second homes known as the Yellowstone Club. From 1990 to 2017, the population of Bozeman ballooned from 22,827 to 46,596; in 2018, it was named the fastest-growing city of its size. That might not sound like a lot, but in a state that barely tops a million, it’s a growth that’s deeply felt. Both Williams and Gianforte moved to Montana during that period of explosive growth. Williams was a military brat, moving across the US before enrolling at the University of California, Berkeley, later receiving a master’s degree in recreation resources before going to work in water resource management. Over the course of the ’90s and 2000s, she worked for the US Forest Service, for nonprofit conservationist groups, and for the state of Montana. Her focus was always on water, and how various groups (miners, conservationists, sportsmen, recreationists, ranchers) could collaborate to use and protect it. She became a sort of textbook Montanan conservationist: She may have lived in town, but weekends were largely spent out on the land — especially during pheasant and turkey season. Gianforte was born in San Diego, grew up on the outskirts of Philadelphia, and went to college in New Jersey. Along with two friends, he founded a software company that he later sold to McAfee for $10 million. Afterward, he moved his family to Bozeman and started a new company, RightNow Technologies, which he then sold to Oracle — this time for $1.5 billion. Gianforte is an avid sportsman, and — like his former employee Steve Daines, now serving as one of Montana’s senators — an evangelical Christian. Over the years, Gianforte’s family foundation has donated millions to Christian causes, including a creationist dinosaur museum in Glendive, Montana. Before 2016, Gianforte was primarily known as an entrepreneur who could use his business acumen to bring new industry to Montana’s dwindling small towns. You’ll still find him described that way on his website, but over the course of three campaigns and a guilty plea to assault, that image has largely shifted. If Gianforte no longer seems to represent who Montanans are, Williams needs to introduce herself as someone who does represent who they are, regardless of party. And defining herself — her platform, but also familiarizing people with her name — is a challenge in a campaign against an incumbent running his third statewide race. Back in 2016, Gianforte ran for governor against Democrat Steve Bullock, losing by just under four points, even as Trump took 55.6% of the state. When Gianforte ran against Rob Quist for the congressional seat in the special election, it was essentially a consolation prize. “Impressions of Gianforte are pretty fixed,” David Parker, the MSU political scientist, told me. And they’re fixed, as Parker points out, in a way that’s not exactly warm and fuzzy. “He won the special [election] because it was about party, and because Quist was so flawed. But Quist made a lot of inroads: Juneau lost by nearly 16 points; Quist by less than 6.” “My opponent is doing nothing. He told the press, ‘I don’t support tariffs.’ Well, then do something about it!” These are the inroads Williams is trying to capitalize on. She’s going to rural counties where Juneau, as a Democrat, polled poorly in 2016 but Bullock, also a Democrat, fared much better. Places, in other words, that are open to a cross-ticket vote, for the right person. Williams, who vice-chaired the state agriculture committee and has worked closely with ag providers throughout the state, believes she might be that person. “When you’ve helped someone with their water rights, it’s like you’ve helped raise their children,” Williams told me. “Those issues run deep. Some of these relationships were built 20 years ago.” Every underdog in a race like this campaigns tirelessly, but when you’re campaigning across a 147,040-square-mile state, that calculus takes on new meaning. After absentee ballots went out on Oct. 12, Williams drove from Billings to Culbertson, in the far northeast of the state (4.5 hours), then, over the course of the next week, to Plentywood (45 minutes), Sidney (90 minutes), Lewistown (4 hours), Dillon (4.5 hours), Hardin (4.5 hours), Choteau (5 hours), and Conrad (45 minutes). The biggest town on that list: just over 6,000 people. Alexis Bonogofsky for BuzzFeed News How does she connect? First, by acknowledging anxiety about the end of their way of life. Williams told me that she often brings up a town called Moccasin as “the poster child of the change that’s happened” throughout Montana. “There’s the remnants of what was a vibrant little town. I was talking to a gal about it, and she grew up down the road, and said, ‘Did you know that the last wall of the school in Moccasin just fell down?’ I tell that story, and people feel it.” But Williams also wants to do more than simply create an emotional response in struggling towns. “I talk about what kind of farm bill is gonna work best for Montana,” she said, and she tells people that she’ll defend the state’s agriculture industry. “My opponent is doing nothing. He told the press, ‘I don’t support tariffs.’ Well, then do something about it!” Like other Republican candidates, Gianforte has shied from publicly criticizing the president — regardless of the subject or its potential bearing on Montana. That reticence is one of many reasons some moderate Montana conservatives, convinced that the GOP has left them behind, have found themselves increasingly willing to support Democratic candidates. In Bozeman, I met with Martin Coleman, who’d recently joined the “Republicans for Tester” statewide campaign. “These upper-class Republicans around here, they all voted for Trump. But I don’t think they will again. All these elections are for Democrats to lose.” In many ways, Coleman is a typical Bozeman transplant: After years in investment banking in Manhattan, he came to Bozeman in the late ’90s to find a better, more balanced life. Fiscal conservatism was the heart of Coleman’s Republican loyalty, and what he brought with him to Gallatin County, where he quickly became the local GOP’s chair. Around 2004–2005, though, the elements of what would become the tea party started filtering into the state and the local GOP. “All these tea partyers that came in here, there’s not a single one of them who was from here originally,” Coleman said. “They’re all transplants.” As the tea party began to swing the GOP away from what Coleman saw as its core, he was becoming friends with two men in his tax bracket who, he thought, shared his political views: Steve Daines and Greg Gianforte. He hunted with Gianforte, went to Bible study with Daines. And he voted for them both. “It’s more than just, ‘I like them,’” Coleman said. “I love them. But I don’t know what they stand for.” Since he moved to Montana, Coleman’s politics had shifted from those of a transplant to those that more closely resembled a longtime Montanan’s. He found himself voting for Conrad Burns (the Republican senator Jon Tester beat) in 2006, then voting for Max Baucus (a moderate Democrat, and Montana’s longest-serving senator) in 2008. “They both saw these big issues about how to help the most Montanans,” he said. “But now, who’s helping these farm kids? There’s never gonna be more farm jobs.” Coleman voted for Gianforte in 2016, he explained, because Gianforte was trying to start businesses in farming communities up on the Hi-Line. “But he stopped that,” Coleman said. “He ran for Congress, and he was like, ‘Trump’s my guy.’ But Trump’s nobody’s guy.” So Coleman wrote a letter to Gianforte, explaining why he couldn’t support him during this election cycle. “These upper-class Republicans around here, they all voted for Trump,” he said. “But I don’t think they will again. All these elections are for Democrats to lose.” Alexis Bonogofsky for BuzzFeed News Constituents attend the Yellowstone County Steak Fry to hear Kathleen Williams speak. As Cameron Kroetz, the copresident of the College Democrats at Montana State University, told me, “When people think of Democrats, they think of Nancy Pelosi, but that’s not what Montana Democrats are.” Williams has tried to avoid being tied to establishment Democrats like Pelosi by publicly declaring that, if elected, she would vote for new party leadership; afterward, Gianforte borrowed footage to suggest the opposite — that she would vote with Pelosi on liberal policies. On campus at Montana State, the Democrats are recruiting kids energized by March for Our Lives, but they’re also talking to ag kids who’ve seen how the tariffs are hurting their parents. “We want to go back to our old base,” Kroetz said, “while still maintaining our new base.” You could see that idea in practice back in Livingston, where leaders from the different corners of the town’s Democratic base gathered around a conference table after Williams’ Medicare discussion. Livingston was originally a railroad town, which meant that it was also a union town, and a town that voted Democrat. It was economically decimated in the 1980s, as the consolidated rail line gradually laid off its workforce, and began to recover with the tourism boom of the ’90s and the arrival of thousands of followers of the Church Universal and Triumphant, which relocated to a ranch south of town in 1986. Today, downtown Livingston manages to feel at once preserved in amber and incredibly vibrant, a mix of old-timers, young families, retirees, hippies, former church members, recreation guides, and hundreds who take the daily bus to work at the East Boulder Mine, 38 miles out of town. The six people gathered around the conference table represented a different sort of union between the old base (working-class Democrats) and the new (liberal transplants). There was Dan Vermillion, a fly-fishing guide and the Democrats’ best chance to swing a bright-red state Senate district blue. Across the table, Mike Bunker, the chair of the local Democratic Party, and Laurie Bishop, who’s currently running for reelection to the Montana House, detailed the struggles the community’s faced over the last year, as the state slashed budgets for social services, including the Office of Public Assistance, mental health care, and job services. Locals say that before the railroad cut jobs, a person could buy a house for $20,000, but now affordable housing is nearly impossible to find; the owner of the local newspaper bought an apartment building just so young reporters could have a place to live on a small-town paper salary. There are new families moving in, but care for the aging population — Montana is poised to become one of the five “oldest” states in the US — remains a major concern. At the roundtable, the primary emotions in the room were uncertainty and fear. One woman talked about her frustration that Medicare didn’t cover dental care, leaving her with the decision to either lose her teeth or lose her house. Others were terrified that funding would be slashed, and they’d have no way to pay for insulin — which already took up a significant portion of their monthly budget. Like Williams’ other roundtables, this event communicated, in vivid terms, how broken our social services are — and how much work and cooperation will be necessary to fix them. Who’s the type of person who could do such a thing? The same person who put together the panel, who took notes on questions and followed up afterward, who listened to various solutions proffered by panel members — forcing Medicare to negotiate drug prices with pharmaceutical companies, for example, or extending Medicare to age 55 — and then made the point that they were already part of her platform. (Gianforte once argued that since Noah — of the Ark — didn’t retire, he doesn’t think retirement, or “cashing Social Security checks,” is biblical. He also supported Republicans' attempts to weaken or kill the Affordable Care Act.) “We’re just amazed at the people who show up to see her,” said Dixie Hart, who grew up in Livingston and now heads the local Indivisible group. “People you never see at rallies. Democrats are finally getting the word out about what we stand for: What you’re losing? That’s what we spent decades building.” In some areas, older, old-school Democrats — many of whom have been putting in organizing work for decades — have clashed with the new, often more progressive and more inexperienced groups that popped up after Trump’s election, like Indivisible. But not in Livingston. “We’ve seen an incredible increase in energy this election,” Bunker said. “But it’s not necessarily under the umbrella of the Democratic Party. There’s high school students, there’s Indivisible. It’s coming from so many different directions,” he said, clearly thrilled. “But we’re all gonna meet at the ballot box.” Alexis Bonogofsky for BuzzFeed News Kathleen Williams with her dog, Danni. Most political candidates root the imagery of their campaigns in family, the bigger the better, to suggest stability and relatability. Not Williams, who’s managed to convey those qualities through other kinds of messaging. But Montana is a small state, at least populationwise, and many people know her story: that her husband, fellow conservationist Tom Pick, died suddenly in January 2016, while skiing in the backcountry near Yellowstone. He’d recently returned from a multiyear stint with the US Department of Agriculture in Iraq, and Williams had delayed plans for a congressional run in order to spend time with him. Life took a turn. Now, Williams’ primary campaigning companion is her dog, Danni — a rambunctious 4-year-old German wirehaired pointer. Danni travels with Williams, in the RV, whenever possible. “She’s part of the brand!” Williams told me. “She’s got her own commercial!” She’s also a signifier of something that might be even more important, at least in Montana, than a family: hunting. “Plus, she’s just so funny.” At a Billings coffee shop, I asked Williams what people were responding to most on the campaign trail. “Health care,” she replied. “Across the board, it’s the deepest, and the most urgent — it really cuts across all sorts of political stripes.” But people were also talking to her about civility — not in terms of protests, just that nothing seems to get done, and no one wants to compromise, and everything’s partisan. She has a ready answer: Her entire way of operating is, and always has been, the opposite. When she initially ran for the legislature, she wanted to run as an independent — but was told she’d just split the vote between the two other candidates. During that time, Williams also talked about being a “true representative, grounded in the hopes and dreams and struggles of my district,” as she put it. “But you don’t know those unless you get out and talk about them. And you don’t know what the good ideas are until you start pulling people together and saying, ‘Okay, what’s the state of the game here? Who’s that good for? Who’s that not good for? What are the good ideas I can pursue?’” “My career in natural resources, I did the same thing,” she continued. “When you work with water, you cannot solve those issues without bringing a bunch of people together. Sometimes it gets a little wild, because people care so much. But that’s how you come up with actual solutions. You can’t get anything done on the land without 20 partners.” And you can’t get anything done in the legislature without at least as many. “People want to affiliate themselves with something, with someone, who is positive and forward-thinking and solutions-oriented,” she said. “People want to see that you’re committed to solving problems.” Take her approach to gun control — one of the stickiest issues for any candidate running in the state. During the primary, Williams was the only Democrat willing to say that she’d support regulating assault weapons — a point that the Gianforte campaign has used to beat the drum that she’s against the Second Amendment. Like every other Montana candidate for a statewide race, Williams is a hunter and a gun-owner, and supporters say her stance on AR-15s suggests that she’s actually been listening to her potential constituents: “Kathleen’s the only person talking clearly about gun control,” Billings resident Jennifer Merecki, running for the state Senate, told me. “Because when it comes down to it, people don’t want to see kids killed.” “Montanans have been too redneck to vote for a woman. But people are starting to see women as people who can come together and find solutions, whereas the men are just so stuck.” | Mid | [
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García Gil Manrique García Gil Manrique (died 1655) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Barcelona (1633–1655), Bishop of Gerona (1627–1633), and Auxiliary Bishop of Cuenca (1618–1627). Biography On 5 March 1618, García Gil Manrique was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Auxiliary Bishop of Cuenca and Titular Bishop of Utica. On 29 April 1618, he was consecrated bishop by Giovanni Garzia Mellini, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quattro Coronati with Francesco Sacrati (cardinal), Titular Archbishop of Damascus, and Cesare Ventimiglia, Bishop of Terracina, Priverno e Sezze, serving as co-consecrators. On 30 August 1627, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Gerona. On 28 November 1633, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Barcelona. He served as Bishop of Barcelona until his death in 1655. Episcopal succession While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of: Ramón Sentmenat y Lanuza, Bishop of Vic (1640); Damián Lopez de Haro y Villarda, Bishop of Puerto Rico (1644); and the principal co-consecrator of: Juan de la Torre Ayala, Bishop of Orense (1622); Fernando Valdés Llano, Bishop of Teruel (1625); Miguel Ayala, Bishop of Palencia (1625); Gutiérrez Bernardo de Quirós (Quiróz), Bishop of Tlaxcala (1626); Baltasar Borja, Bishop of Mallorca (1626); Sebastião de Matos de Noronha, Bishop of Elvas (1626); and Juan Pereda Gudiel, Bishop of Oviedo (1627). References External links and additional sources (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) Category:17th-century Roman Catholic bishops Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Paul V Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Urban VIII Category:1655 deaths Category:1575 births | High | [
0.685271317829457,
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This invention relates to a sandwich panel comprising A. a core layer of polypropylene particle foam, B. cover layers of fiber-reinforced polypropylene and also optionally C. decorative layers. Such sandwich panels are known, for example from DE-A 195 44 451. They are used for producing motor vehicle parts. Motor vehicle part production by stamping produces appreciable waste. It is an object of the present invention to recycle this waste. We have found that this object is achieved, surprisingly, when the comminuted waste is added in amounts from 1 to 30% by weight in the production of foam panels from which new sandwich panels can be produced with only insignificantly inferior mechanical properties. The present invention accordingly provides a sandwich panel as claimed in claim 1. The invention further provides a process for producing a foam panel as claimed in claim 5. The polypropylene of the particle foam of the core layer can be a homopolymer or a copolymer with from 0.5 to 15% by weight of ethene and/or 1-butene. Its crystallite melting point is generally in the range from 120xc2x0 to 170xc2x0 C. The foam particles are produced by impregnating polypropylene minipellets with a volatile blowing agent in aqueous suspension and foaming by expansion. Foam extrusion is also possible. The particle size is customarily in the range from 2 to 8 mm, the bulk density in the range from 10 to 100 g/l. The polypropylene of the cover layers is a homopolymer or a (graft) copolymer with maleic anhydride or acrylic acid. The cover layers preferably include from 10 to 60% by weight of glass, natural or polymeric fibers in the form of mats, nonwoven scrims, wovens or short fibers. Preference is given to glass mat reinforced polypropylene having a fiber content of from 20 to 50% by weight. The decorative panels comprise a fiber web composed of polyester or polyamide, polymeric films or a foam film optionally laminated with a film. They may also be colored. | Low | [
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Q: What does そうするの mean here? I came across this phrase in Yotsubato! manga. (ch.82, pg.35) Source: http://raw.senmanga.com/Yotsubato!/82/35 What does そうするの mean here (middle panel)? As far as I can tell, it の is most probably an explanatory `の. I think it means "yea just like that" or literally "to do so" but the literal meaning somehow doesn't feel right. I think it is most probably "just like that" from reading the text bubble that comes before it but I am confused here. I tried searching そうするの on the web but couldn't find much that relates to above context. As a phrase what does そうするの mean here ? I couldn't find any more examples that use そうするの. Any examples would be welcome. A: The の expresses 命令 (imperative/command). According to デジタル大辞泉: の 2⃣［終助］活用語の連体形に付く。 ３ 強く決めつけて命令する意を表す。「余計なことを言わないの」「遊んでばかりいないで勉強するの」 And 明鏡国語辞典 says: の ㊁〘終助〙 ❹ 軽く命じるのに使う。「さっさと着替えるの」「強い子は泣かないの」 ◈(表現) ㊁は多く女性が使う... ④は子供など目下の相手に対して使う。 This の is a sentence-ending particle (終助詞) expressing a relatively light command. It's often used by females, normally towards someone who is inferior to or younger than the speaker. そう。そうするの。 lit. "Yes. Do (it) that way." So here the girl is talking to her dad a little arrogantly (but that might be how she usually talks to him?) | High | [
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My vacation: boosting the economy I'm just back from 11 days off. Thanks to those of you who wrote asking about the blog. Things were pretty hectic the week before I left, so the Corner was a little neglected. Fun stuff that happened on my week off: 1. I chaperoned a field trip with my son Ben, 7, to the Van Andel Museum Center. The trip coincided with the kids' studies on Native Americans. The museum volunteers were wonderful. The kids particularly loved the organ-accompanied story telling in the museum's theater. I was amazed how many of the kids had never been to the museum before. 2. I took my 5-year-old, Will, to the Choo-Choo Grill for the first time. He loved his burger and malt, which we ate at the counter. Ben and I went for sushi at Seoul Garden (his suggestion, but this is one of my favorite Asian food places in town). 3. We trimmed the tree. This year, it's a $20 blue spruce Amy picked up from the Fulton Street Farmers Market. We "upgraded" with colorful LED lights on the tree this year. 4. We saw Santa and Mrs. Claus at the Ford Museum. This free event has become an annual tradition for us. There was no wait to see the big guy. We could take pictures ourselves (unlike the mall). The kids enjoyed the carolers, arts and crafts and display of trees. The free cookies and punch were a bonus. Highly recommended. 5. Amy and I went out to breakfast, sans kids -- a rarity, these days. Marie Catrib's food was excellent, as always. The tofu-based KT Breakfast Special I ordered was surprisingly yummy. Our server flubbed our order, which we waited almost an hour to receive, so they gave us the food on the house. Most mornings, this wouldn't have worked. But we weren't in any hurry and they were really apologetic. We also hit The Green Well. The fish and shrimp tacos were worth a return trip. 6. Thanksgiving weekend was a sports extravaganza. We saw the Lions lose on Thanksgiving (I tried to tell the kids the game was more about their chance to see Brett Favre play than watch the Lions). On Saturday, we saw East Grand Rapids win the football state championship at Ford Field. Five overtimes! It was a lot more exciting than the Lions game. On Sunday, my mom and dad took the older boys to the Pistons game. 7.New York Bagel at 12 Mile and Evergreen in Southfield makes the best bagels anywhere. Carb-o-licious. | Mid | [
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SAN FRANCISCO, July 15, 2014-- Neon Labs, the image selection platform for monetizing digital content, today announced that IGN Entertainment has inked an agreement and is working closely with Neon to maximize its current video viewership of 48.7 million unique visitors per month. This engagement with a premier media publisher was announced in conjunction with Neon's news of a Series A round of $4.1 million in funding. Led by Mohr Davidow Ventures, the round is supported by prior investors, True Ventures and technology executive Steve Blank. This new investment will enable Neon to scale to meet increasing customer demand and accelerate its partnership with online video platform provider Brightcove. "We have supported Neon Labs since day one, based on their compelling vision to use science to change the way consumers interact with images in the digital era. I think Neon Labs' technology has the potential to do for images what Dolby did for sound," said Bill Ericson, General Partner at Mohr Davidow Ventures. "With over a billion images loaded on the Internet each day, companies need new technologies to sift through and surface the best images at this massive scale. Selecting thumbnails for video is just the beginning for Neon." Today, Neon leverages the scientific research compiled by nearly 10 years of research at Brown University, Carnegie Mellon University, and Massachusetts General Hospital on algorithms that can generate up to 100 percent more engagement than human-selected images. These algorithms are employed to help leading media and marketing companies find the images that drive clicks. Neon's mission is to better organize the world's images to find the ones that viewers and consumers care about most. "I was really keen to try Neon for Video, given it uses a scientific process to select thumbnails," said Jim Hall, VP of Technology, IGN, a Ziff Davis company. "Ziff Davis and IGN are deeply committed to using new technologies to improve content discovery on our sites. I was pleasantly surprised that not only did Neon for Video take a significant amount of work off of our hands, it also improved the clickability of our thumbnails by 30 percent on average. This is a huge win for us." Neon's new IGN contract and funding crown several months of rapid growth. In addition to IGN, the company continues to expand its existing partnership with Brightcove. "Neon has been a partner of Brightcove's since Neon launched its product. Together we have helped a number of leading media publishers and marketers get more views and more value from their video content," said Anil Jain, SVP and GM, Media Group at Brightcove. "We very much look forward to expanding our partnership in the future." By simply optimizing the thumbnail for customers, Neon can help companies generate at least 5 to 30 percent more revenue from video without having to make additional videos or sell more ads. "When I worked through the numbers with some of our big media publishers, it was amazing to see how many millions of dollars in ad revenue flow through a tiny 75x120 pixel image," said Sophie Lebrecht, CEO of Neon. Neon's CEO Sophie Lebrecht holds a Ph.D. in Cognitive Neuroscience from Brown University and completed her post-doctoral research at Carnegie Mellon University and CMU Silicon Valley. Substantial support for the company has come from the National Science Foundation's Innovation Corps (or I-Corps) and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. Lebrecht co-founded Neon with her Ph.D. advisor, Professor Michael J. Tarr, current head of Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Psychology. Tarr and Lebrecht developed algorithms that can generate up to 100 percent more engagement than human-selected images. Privately held and located in San Francisco, Neon's proprietary scientific solution increases revenue for leading online news, sports, entertainment media publishers, advertisers, and marketers. Our first product, Neon for Video, is the real time optimization tool for video thumbnails, proven to increase video views by 5-30+ percent on average. More information is at neon-lab.com. | High | [
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# # Autogenerated by Thrift Compiler (0.9.3) # # DO NOT EDIT UNLESS YOU ARE SURE THAT YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING # require 'thrift' require 'tim_types' module ITim class Client include ::Thrift::Client def timStream(param) send_timStream(param) end def send_timStream(param) send_oneway_message('timStream', TimStream_args, :param => param) end def timStarttls() send_timStarttls() end def send_timStarttls() send_oneway_message('timStarttls', TimStarttls_args) end def timLogin(tid, pwd) send_timLogin(tid, pwd) end def send_timLogin(tid, pwd) send_oneway_message('timLogin', TimLogin_args, :tid => tid, :pwd => pwd) end def timAck(ab) send_timAck(ab) end def send_timAck(ab) send_oneway_message('timAck', TimAck_args, :ab => ab) end def timPresence(pbean) send_timPresence(pbean) end def send_timPresence(pbean) send_oneway_message('timPresence', TimPresence_args, :pbean => pbean) end def timMessage(mbean) send_timMessage(mbean) end def send_timMessage(mbean) send_oneway_message('timMessage', TimMessage_args, :mbean => mbean) end def timPing(threadId) send_timPing(threadId) end def send_timPing(threadId) send_oneway_message('timPing', TimPing_args, :threadId => threadId) end def timError(e) send_timError(e) end def send_timError(e) send_oneway_message('timError', TimError_args, :e => e) end def timLogout() send_timLogout() end def send_timLogout() send_oneway_message('timLogout', TimLogout_args) end def timRegist(tid, auth) send_timRegist(tid, auth) end def send_timRegist(tid, auth) send_oneway_message('timRegist', TimRegist_args, :tid => tid, :auth => auth) end def timRoser(roster) send_timRoser(roster) end def send_timRoser(roster) send_oneway_message('timRoser', TimRoser_args, :roster => roster) end def timMessageList(mbeanList) send_timMessageList(mbeanList) end def send_timMessageList(mbeanList) send_oneway_message('timMessageList', TimMessageList_args, :mbeanList => mbeanList) end def timPresenceList(pbeanList) send_timPresenceList(pbeanList) end def send_timPresenceList(pbeanList) send_oneway_message('timPresenceList', TimPresenceList_args, :pbeanList => pbeanList) end def timMessageIq(timMsgIq, iqType) send_timMessageIq(timMsgIq, iqType) end def send_timMessageIq(timMsgIq, iqType) send_oneway_message('timMessageIq', TimMessageIq_args, :timMsgIq => timMsgIq, :iqType => iqType) end def timMessageResult(mbean) send_timMessageResult(mbean) end def send_timMessageResult(mbean) send_oneway_message('timMessageResult', TimMessageResult_args, :mbean => mbean) end def timProperty(tpb) send_timProperty(tpb) end def send_timProperty(tpb) send_oneway_message('timProperty', TimProperty_args, :tpb => tpb) end def timRemoteUserAuth(tid, pwd, auth) send_timRemoteUserAuth(tid, pwd, auth) return recv_timRemoteUserAuth() end def send_timRemoteUserAuth(tid, pwd, auth) send_message('timRemoteUserAuth', TimRemoteUserAuth_args, :tid => tid, :pwd => pwd, :auth => auth) end def recv_timRemoteUserAuth() result = receive_message(TimRemoteUserAuth_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timRemoteUserAuth failed: unknown result') end def timRemoteUserGet(tid, auth) send_timRemoteUserGet(tid, auth) return recv_timRemoteUserGet() end def send_timRemoteUserGet(tid, auth) send_message('timRemoteUserGet', TimRemoteUserGet_args, :tid => tid, :auth => auth) end def recv_timRemoteUserGet() result = receive_message(TimRemoteUserGet_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timRemoteUserGet failed: unknown result') end def timRemoteUserEdit(tid, ub, auth) send_timRemoteUserEdit(tid, ub, auth) return recv_timRemoteUserEdit() end def send_timRemoteUserEdit(tid, ub, auth) send_message('timRemoteUserEdit', TimRemoteUserEdit_args, :tid => tid, :ub => ub, :auth => auth) end def recv_timRemoteUserEdit() result = receive_message(TimRemoteUserEdit_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timRemoteUserEdit failed: unknown result') end def timResponsePresence(pbean, auth) send_timResponsePresence(pbean, auth) return recv_timResponsePresence() end def send_timResponsePresence(pbean, auth) send_message('timResponsePresence', TimResponsePresence_args, :pbean => pbean, :auth => auth) end def recv_timResponsePresence() result = receive_message(TimResponsePresence_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timResponsePresence failed: unknown result') end def timResponseMessage(mbean, auth) send_timResponseMessage(mbean, auth) return recv_timResponseMessage() end def send_timResponseMessage(mbean, auth) send_message('timResponseMessage', TimResponseMessage_args, :mbean => mbean, :auth => auth) end def recv_timResponseMessage() result = receive_message(TimResponseMessage_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timResponseMessage failed: unknown result') end def timResponseMessageIq(timMsgIq, iqType, auth) send_timResponseMessageIq(timMsgIq, iqType, auth) return recv_timResponseMessageIq() end def send_timResponseMessageIq(timMsgIq, iqType, auth) send_message('timResponseMessageIq', TimResponseMessageIq_args, :timMsgIq => timMsgIq, :iqType => iqType, :auth => auth) end def recv_timResponseMessageIq() result = receive_message(TimResponseMessageIq_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timResponseMessageIq failed: unknown result') end def timResponsePresenceList(pbeanList, auth) send_timResponsePresenceList(pbeanList, auth) return recv_timResponsePresenceList() end def send_timResponsePresenceList(pbeanList, auth) send_message('timResponsePresenceList', TimResponsePresenceList_args, :pbeanList => pbeanList, :auth => auth) end def recv_timResponsePresenceList() result = receive_message(TimResponsePresenceList_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timResponsePresenceList failed: unknown result') end def timResponseMessageList(mbeanList, auth) send_timResponseMessageList(mbeanList, auth) return recv_timResponseMessageList() end def send_timResponseMessageList(mbeanList, auth) send_message('timResponseMessageList', TimResponseMessageList_args, :mbeanList => mbeanList, :auth => auth) end def recv_timResponseMessageList() result = receive_message(TimResponseMessageList_result) return result.success unless result.success.nil? raise ::Thrift::ApplicationException.new(::Thrift::ApplicationException::MISSING_RESULT, 'timResponseMessageList failed: unknown result') end end class Processor include ::Thrift::Processor def process_timStream(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimStream_args) @handler.timStream(args.param) return end def process_timStarttls(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimStarttls_args) @handler.timStarttls() return end def process_timLogin(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimLogin_args) @handler.timLogin(args.tid, args.pwd) return end def process_timAck(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimAck_args) @handler.timAck(args.ab) return end def process_timPresence(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimPresence_args) @handler.timPresence(args.pbean) return end def process_timMessage(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimMessage_args) @handler.timMessage(args.mbean) return end def process_timPing(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimPing_args) @handler.timPing(args.threadId) return end def process_timError(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimError_args) @handler.timError(args.e) return end def process_timLogout(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimLogout_args) @handler.timLogout() return end def process_timRegist(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimRegist_args) @handler.timRegist(args.tid, args.auth) return end def process_timRoser(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimRoser_args) @handler.timRoser(args.roster) return end def process_timMessageList(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimMessageList_args) @handler.timMessageList(args.mbeanList) return end def process_timPresenceList(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimPresenceList_args) @handler.timPresenceList(args.pbeanList) return end def process_timMessageIq(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimMessageIq_args) @handler.timMessageIq(args.timMsgIq, args.iqType) return end def process_timMessageResult(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimMessageResult_args) @handler.timMessageResult(args.mbean) return end def process_timProperty(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimProperty_args) @handler.timProperty(args.tpb) return end def process_timRemoteUserAuth(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimRemoteUserAuth_args) result = TimRemoteUserAuth_result.new() result.success = @handler.timRemoteUserAuth(args.tid, args.pwd, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timRemoteUserAuth', seqid) end def process_timRemoteUserGet(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimRemoteUserGet_args) result = TimRemoteUserGet_result.new() result.success = @handler.timRemoteUserGet(args.tid, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timRemoteUserGet', seqid) end def process_timRemoteUserEdit(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimRemoteUserEdit_args) result = TimRemoteUserEdit_result.new() result.success = @handler.timRemoteUserEdit(args.tid, args.ub, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timRemoteUserEdit', seqid) end def process_timResponsePresence(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimResponsePresence_args) result = TimResponsePresence_result.new() result.success = @handler.timResponsePresence(args.pbean, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timResponsePresence', seqid) end def process_timResponseMessage(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimResponseMessage_args) result = TimResponseMessage_result.new() result.success = @handler.timResponseMessage(args.mbean, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timResponseMessage', seqid) end def process_timResponseMessageIq(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimResponseMessageIq_args) result = TimResponseMessageIq_result.new() result.success = @handler.timResponseMessageIq(args.timMsgIq, args.iqType, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timResponseMessageIq', seqid) end def process_timResponsePresenceList(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimResponsePresenceList_args) result = TimResponsePresenceList_result.new() result.success = @handler.timResponsePresenceList(args.pbeanList, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timResponsePresenceList', seqid) end def process_timResponseMessageList(seqid, iprot, oprot) args = read_args(iprot, TimResponseMessageList_args) result = TimResponseMessageList_result.new() result.success = @handler.timResponseMessageList(args.mbeanList, args.auth) write_result(result, oprot, 'timResponseMessageList', seqid) end end # HELPER FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURES class TimStream_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union PARAM = 1 FIELDS = { PARAM => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'param', :class => ::TimParam} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimStream_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimStarttls_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimStarttls_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimLogin_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TID = 1 PWD = 2 FIELDS = { TID => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'tid', :class => ::Tid}, PWD => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRING, :name => 'pwd'} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimLogin_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimAck_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union AB = 1 FIELDS = { AB => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'ab', :class => ::TimAckBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimAck_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimPresence_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union PBEAN = 1 FIELDS = { PBEAN => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'pbean', :class => ::TimPBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimPresence_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessage_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union MBEAN = 1 FIELDS = { MBEAN => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'mbean', :class => ::TimMBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessage_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimPing_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union THREADID = 1 FIELDS = { THREADID => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRING, :name => 'threadId'} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimPing_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimError_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union E = 1 FIELDS = { E => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'e', :class => ::TimError} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimError_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimLogout_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimLogout_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRegist_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TID = 1 AUTH = 2 FIELDS = { TID => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'tid', :class => ::Tid}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRING, :name => 'auth'} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRegist_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRoser_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union ROSTER = 1 FIELDS = { ROSTER => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'roster', :class => ::TimRoster} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRoser_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessageList_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union MBEANLIST = 1 FIELDS = { MBEANLIST => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'mbeanList', :class => ::TimMBeanList} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessageList_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimPresenceList_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union PBEANLIST = 1 FIELDS = { PBEANLIST => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'pbeanList', :class => ::TimPBeanList} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimPresenceList_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessageIq_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TIMMSGIQ = 1 IQTYPE = 2 FIELDS = { TIMMSGIQ => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'timMsgIq', :class => ::TimMessageIq}, IQTYPE => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRING, :name => 'iqType'} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessageIq_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessageResult_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union MBEAN = 1 FIELDS = { MBEAN => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'mbean', :class => ::TimMBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimMessageResult_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimProperty_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TPB = 1 FIELDS = { TPB => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'tpb', :class => ::TimPropertyBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimProperty_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union FIELDS = { } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRemoteUserAuth_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TID = 1 PWD = 2 AUTH = 3 FIELDS = { TID => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'tid', :class => ::Tid}, PWD => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRING, :name => 'pwd'}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRemoteUserAuth_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimRemoteUserBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRemoteUserGet_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TID = 1 AUTH = 2 FIELDS = { TID => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'tid', :class => ::Tid}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRemoteUserGet_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimRemoteUserBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRemoteUserEdit_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TID = 1 UB = 2 AUTH = 3 FIELDS = { TID => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'tid', :class => ::Tid}, UB => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'ub', :class => ::TimUserBean}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimRemoteUserEdit_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimRemoteUserBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponsePresence_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union PBEAN = 1 AUTH = 2 FIELDS = { PBEAN => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'pbean', :class => ::TimPBean}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponsePresence_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimResponseBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponseMessage_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union MBEAN = 1 AUTH = 2 FIELDS = { MBEAN => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'mbean', :class => ::TimMBean}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponseMessage_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimResponseBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponseMessageIq_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union TIMMSGIQ = 1 IQTYPE = 2 AUTH = 3 FIELDS = { TIMMSGIQ => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'timMsgIq', :class => ::TimMessageIq}, IQTYPE => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRING, :name => 'iqType'}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponseMessageIq_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimMBeanList} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponsePresenceList_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union PBEANLIST = 1 AUTH = 2 FIELDS = { PBEANLIST => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'pbeanList', :class => ::TimPBeanList}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponsePresenceList_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimResponseBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponseMessageList_args include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union MBEANLIST = 1 AUTH = 2 FIELDS = { MBEANLIST => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'mbeanList', :class => ::TimMBeanList}, AUTH => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'auth', :class => ::TimAuth} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end class TimResponseMessageList_result include ::Thrift::Struct, ::Thrift::Struct_Union SUCCESS = 0 FIELDS = { SUCCESS => {:type => ::Thrift::Types::STRUCT, :name => 'success', :class => ::TimResponseBean} } def struct_fields; FIELDS; end def validate end ::Thrift::Struct.generate_accessors self end end | Low | [
0.507299270072992,
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Q: Which floating-point image format should I use? In the past I've saved RGB images (generated from physical simulations) as 8-bits/channel PPM or PNG or JPEG. Now I want to preserve the dynamic range of the simulation output, which means saving a floating point image and then treating conversion to 8-bits/channel as a post-processing step (so I can tweak the conversion to 8-bit without running the lengthy simulation again). Has a "standard" floating point image format emerged ? Good free supporting libraries/viewers/manipulation tools, preferably available in Debian, would be a bonus. A: Have you looked into Radiance RGBE (.hdr) and OpenEXR (.exr). RGBE has some source code here. NVIDIA and ATI both support EXR data in their graphics cards. There are source code and binaries from the OpenEXR download page. ILM created OpenEXR and it has wide support. OpenEXR has support for 16 and 32 bit floating point per channel, and is what most people use these days, unless they've written their own format. The Pixel Image Editor for linux has EXR support for editing, too. pfstools is also necessary if you're going to work with HDR on linux. Its a set of command line programs for reading, writing and manipulating HDR and has Qt and OpenGL viewers. Theres also jpeg2exr for linux Heres some other debian packages for OpenEXR viewers. Based on this, it looks like theres also a Gimp plugin somewhere. | High | [
0.693181818181818,
30.5,
13.5
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// // SMSCaptureTestAppViewController.m // SMSCaptureTestApp // // Created by Prasad Malekudiyi Balakrishn on 11/28/11. // Copyright __MyCompanyName__ 2011. All rights reserved. // #import "SMSCaptureTestAppViewController.h" #import "SMSCaptureManager.h" @implementation SMSCaptureTestAppViewController /* // The designated initializer. Override to perform setup that is required before the view is loaded. - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil { if (self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]) { // Custom initialization } return self; } */ /* // Implement loadView to create a view hierarchy programmatically, without using a nib. - (void)loadView { } */ // Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; mSMSCaptureManager =[[SMSCaptureManager alloc] initWithEventDelegate:nil]; [mSMSCaptureManager startCapture]; } /* // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations return (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait); } */ - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Release any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } - (void)viewDidUnload { // Release any retained subviews of the main view. // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil; } - (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end | Low | [
0.48283261802575106,
28.125,
30.125
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With The Molasses Flood now up and running, they needed something to work on. Funded via a successful Kickstarter campaign backed by more than 7000 people, The Flame in the Flood is their first game and tasks the player with surviving the harsh realities of the world they find themselves in, as they travel down a river in search of their next meal while trying not to become one themselves for the ravenous beasts that roam the wilds. Read part one of the interview here. “Pretty soon we arrived at the idea of the journey, a travelling survival game,” says Forrest Dowling, designer and co-founder of The Molasses Flood. “We started thinking about, ‘what makes sense for travelling?’. Then we thought, ‘well, a river’s a really good vehicle for travel’. From the river came the question, ‘what kind of river do we want to do?’. That’s where we moved into the idea of the American backwater. It’s actually where a number of us are from and grew up, so we’re fairly familiar with it. It just snowballed from there.” Set in an unforgiving and mysterious world, The Flame in Flood combines survival focussed gameplay with ‘rogue-lite’ elements such as permadeath and procedural generation to create a deep, replayable experience. “This isn’t something you sit down and you play through once,” says Dowling. “It’s something that we want to build up over time. Every playthrough is different. You’re not going to encounter everybody and you’ll only encounter some of the conversations that they can have with you. Next time you play, you’ll encounter different people, or the same person, but they have a different thing to say.” With any new studio, nailing down the first project is always going to be a difficult task, one that The Molasses Flood were not exempt from. “People usually want there to be a lightning bolt moment where you’re just like, ‘eureka’. But I guess I’ve never worked that way, and I’ve never known anyone work that way,” Dowling says. “Really, it came about from a couple of simple ideas. We wanted to do a game that was about survival and we wanted to do a game that was smaller scale than what we’d done before, one that a small team of people could reasonably do in about a year or so.” As discussed in part one, The Molasses Flood describe themselves as “a company of AAA refugees,” formed from ex-members of Irrational Games — most famous for the Bioshock series — plastic guitar aficionados Harmonix and indie studio Moonshot Games. After settling on a concept, the next problem that faced the fledgling studio was how to fund their vision without a big name publisher behind them. They chose Kickstarter. “We’ve had great fortune with it,” says Dowling. “It came in fairly early though. After Irrational closed, we had savings and severance, but we knew that wasn’t going to go far enough to make the full game.” Kickstarter as a funding platform has received criticism for offering no concrete promises that backed products will ever be finished, but Dowling was quick to justify The Molasses Flood’s decision saying: “There’s a bunch of options out there. You can try and get an investor to invest in your company, you can find a publisher, or you can go to crowdfunding. We elected to go to crowdfunding because once you take somebody’s money, you’re working for them, and of the various bosses out there, we felt that going to the public was the most desirable. We could go specifically with the game that we wanted to make and reach the people who were into it and wanted us to make it, and then we could make that game as opposed to going to somebody else who might sort of like what we’re doing, but has their own ideas and their own business riding on what we do. This way it allows us to go to the people that we’re making the game for and ask them to support it upfront.” The campaign finished on 7th November 2014 achieving $250,000 in funding, eclipsing its original goal of $150,000 within a week of asking. The extra cash unlocked stretch goals including endless mode, where the player pits themselves against the mechanics of the game and sees how long they can last, river raft customisation and a wealth of language options. The extra budget also gives the team some room to breathe and produce a game that meets the standards of their previous successes. “If Kickstarter didn’t work, we’d need to be looking at other options, but it did. So we’re in really good shape right now,” Dowling says. Freshly funded, the next step for The Molasses Flood will be to build upon the foundations laid out in the Kickstarter campaign. A major component of this will be deciding how the game’s narrative will unfold. “We haven’t exactly nailed how much we want to leave mysterious and to the imagination of the player, and how much we want to get explicit about what this world is,” says Dowling. “I like dropping in hints and letting people drawn their own conclusions about it,” he adds. “People are really good at seeing two things next to each other and assigning a narrative to it without there needing to be an explicit authored narrative. We’re looking at if we spawn this tractor here and we spawn this rope over here, and then we spawn these footprints over there and then we spawn a skeleton nearby, is there a story that can come out of this? It’s a challenge to work out how to make that stuff meaningful and not totally nonsensical.” This presents a dilemma. In The Flame in the Flood, the player travels the world and meets various characters along the way, journeying towards a prescribed end goal, the mouth of the river, so not all of the storyline is left serendipitous. This creates an issue when combined with the rogue-lite elements of the game and multiple playthroughs. How do the developers stop players retreading the same ground over and over again, while still telling a cohesive story? “There’s a couple of levels to it. I think the most important story is the one that the player tells through their own actions, the story that gets generated through play, through the mechanics of the world,” Dowling explains. “It’s procedural, but it’s not random, there’s always going to be an arc of experience that we’re building into it.” The protagonist of the game presents a dilemma as well. Players take control of Scout, a woman adept at bushcraft and the art of survival, accompanied by her old dog Aesop, who offers not only companionship, but a hand (or paw) with the bags. Replayable and survival focussed experiences like The Flame in the Flood, in which failure and death are often inevitable, raise the question of how closely the player is meant to identify with the character they’re playing as. Is Scout her own woman or is she us in that world? “We’re not building her to be a Nathan Drake kind of character that has lots of snappy dialogue,” says Dowling. In a game, how much is the protagonist a character you’re playing as? Are they a cypher or are they a character that has their own personality? “I think we’re landing somewhere in between. Scout is not somebody who’s speaking in the game or anything. She’s supposed to be someone you inhabit. But at the same time, she’s bringing her experiences and knowledge with her. The user interface is going to be pretty generous about letting you know what you can and cannot craft. “And that’s indicative of the fact that Scout already knows what she can and cannot craft in the world and what she needs to do to survive,” he continues. “It’s a difficult problem to put a voice into the mouth of the player, because it’s likely that somebody, somewhere, isn’t going to agree with what’s said. I think it’s player-centric to let the character you control have some personality, but not be too much of their own person.” The aesthetic of The Flame in the Flood is striking, dripping with foreboding atmosphere and menace. “We’re using Unreal Engine 4,” Dowling says. “We’ve all used Unreal for years, I think I’ve used it for eight years professionally making games. We knew the engine already, so it was pretty easy to make that decision. We also thought, of the options out there, Unreal just has the best rendering tech of anything that’s available for an indie team to be using. Art is a really important part of this game, so we thought, ‘we know this thing and we know it works really well’, so it seemed a natural fit for us.” The art style compliments the post-apocalyptic themes in the story, with the deep colours lending a feeling of history to the environments. “We prefer ‘post-societal’,” says Dowling. “Apocalyptic implies some kind of mass extinction event and that wasn’t something that we wanted to go straight into saying. We didn’t want to go, ‘oh yeah, this horrible thing happened and everybody died’, it’s more like ‘well, it’s a mystery’.” These design choices and setting are derived from a variety of sources, explains Dowling. “If there’s anything that’s consistent among us, it’s that we all pull stuff from all over the place. You just try and consume everything that is relevant to what you’re doing, or even things that’re seemingly not. A big visual reference is David Hockney, who’s done all these paintings of very flat trees. It’s a really good aesthetic reference.” “There’s the classic river stories, there’s a few forms that they’ve taken, like Huck Finn or Heart of Darkness. Those are significant references,” he goes on to say. “We’ve been looking at more contemporary stories. One of the cornerstones of our creative reference library is ‘Beasts of the Southern Wild’, a film from a couple of years ago that I thought had great art direction and a beautiful little story. It also has these small elements of mysticism to it. I’m personally a fan of fantasy realism as a genre, like Haruki Murakami’s ‘Wind-up Bird Chronicle’. Worlds that are very grounded, very recognisable, but have little twists that are fantastical, a half step away from reality.” “There’s a lot of great examples of that kind of thing that we’re using as references,” he continues. “I think [Cormac McCarthy’s] ‘The Road’ is an interesting example, in that it’s fairly clear that there was some sort of nuclear event, but that’s never what the story is, that’s not what it’s about. It’s more about the people trying to survive in this world.” Dowling also lists a few more unconventional references that have left their mark on the game. “We’re calling it, ‘Burma-shaves’. There’s instances where little bits of story are doled out through text on signs throughout the world, where as you pass by signs, they form a sentence. We call it ‘Burma-shave’ because that was an advertising campaign by the Burma-Shave company where they would put signs down the road that told a little story that ended with an ad for Burma-Shave.” Another important aspect of the game is how players interact with the world and what players will actually get to do. “Moment to moment, there’s essentially two modes to the game, you’re on land or you’re on water,” Dowling says. “When you’re on water, you’re choosing where you want to go. You’re on the river and you have a finite amount of resources and you need to go somewhere to get more. The moods we want to hit on the river are ones of arcadey intense action, when you’re in rapids and just trying to get through to survive. “We also want ones where it’s very calm. The analogy we’re using is you’re driving through the desert and you realise that you should’ve stopped at that last gas station because you don’t know when you’re going to see the next one and your needle’s going on empty. On land, you’re choosing what you can carry because you can only carry so much. You need to make a lot of tough decisions about that. You’re also going to be crafting, you can find shelter to spend the night, you can rest by a fire to get warm or dry off,” says Dowling. “The land you’ll traverse certainly isn’t empty however, players will encounter various scenarios to keep them busy,” explains Dowling. “The idea is to give players lots of tools that they can use to solve these problems however they want to, but these supplies will be limited, so it’s very much about evasion.” “There’s predators on land,” he says. “We’re using the wolf example a lot right now. The idea is that you can use your supplies to evade, incapacitate, distract or shoo away. You don’t want to be fighting something, you never want to go toe-to-toe with an enemy, you want to avoid them. We’re giving players the tools to do that. Wolves are governed by fear and hunger. If they’re hungry, they’re going to come and eat you, but if you have a torch, they’re afraid of fire so the fear could override the hunger. But if there’s a few of them together, they’re braver, so just a torch is probably not going to save you. You could trap a rabbit and throw it into their path which would distract them, or you could find another poisonous animal and use it to lace a piece of meat to leave as bait for a wolf.” “One of our goals is to keep the experience fresh constantly, it’s always jumping back and forth between different sorts of tactical thinking and strategic thinking,” Dowling adds. Like the story, the gameplay of The Flame in the Flood has been influenced by many previous titles, says Dowling. “The jokey description of the game is, ‘It’s like Toobin’ meets the Oregon Trail’. For me, when I was younger at school, Oregon Trail was how you could screw around and play games in computer class and get away with it. And Toobin’ was the kind of arcade game you’d see at the local pizza place. We thought that’d be a funny way to put it. Imagine you’re tubing down a river, but you can get dysentery.” “Coming up on the river is a church up on the right and a camp up on the left,” he continues. “In the church, I can usually find blankets or rags that I can use to insulate my clothing or start a fire, but the campsite might have old food that I could eat and a campfire I can use to get warm immediately or purify water. We want people to make decisions about ‘where am I going to go?’ and ‘what do I need right now?’, and how what I need influences my decisions.” “If you squint at the game a bit, there’s a bit of FTL in it,” Dowling says. “The way that in the galaxy map works, where you choose which planet or nebula you want to go to, it’s kind of an influence for our river. You’ve got these mutually exclusive decisions to make with limited information as you go. ‘Don’t Starve’ obviously is an influence. It’s a super cool game.” The Molasses Flood are a new studio with lofty ambitions, making a game that tries to ditch the tropes and crutches found in other games and create something that leaves a lasting impression on the player. There’s no zombies, no rocket launchers — as far as I know — but there are deep survival mechanics and a world filled with fine detail waiting for those who want to explore. “The biggest challenge is that we keep it fresh. What our engineers are working on is how we make a location interesting every time you play through it,” says Dowling. “We’re going to focus on what’s in the world now, hint at everything that happened around it and let people assemble their own story and draw their own conclusions.” The Flame in the Flood is expected to release in July 2015 for PC. This is the first of a new interview series, exclusive to OnlySP. We’ll be sharing new games with you every week, so be sure to follow us on Facebook and Twitter for all the latest updates. | Mid | [
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Long-term time series analysis of quantum dot encoded cells by deconvolution of the autofluorescence signal. The monitoring of cells labeled with quantum dot endosome-targeted markers in a highly proliferative population provides a quantitative approach to determine the redistribution of quantum dot signal as cells divide over generations. We demonstrate that the use of time-series flow cytometry in conjunction with a stochastic numerical simulation to provide a means to describe the proliferative features and quantum dot inheritance over multiple generations of a human tumor population. However, the core challenge for long-term tracking where the original quantum dot fluorescence signal over time becomes redistributed across a greater cell number requires accountability of background fluorescence in the simulation. By including an autofluorescence component, we are able to continue even when this signal predominates (i.e., >80% of the total signal) and obtain valid readouts of the proliferative system. We determine the robustness of the technique by tracking a human osteosarcoma cell population over 8 days and discuss the accuracy and certainty of the model parameters obtained. This systems biology approach provides insight into both cell heterogeneity and division dynamics within the population and furthermore informs on the lineage history of its members. | High | [
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How to Sight in Nikon Rifle Scopes Nikon enjoys a well-deserved reputation for producing quality optics, but the company is known mostly for its cameras. However, it also makes quality rifle scopes. A good scope is important for accurate, long-range shooting, and Nikon makes good scopes. Proper use is just as important as the scope itself, though. Install a boresighter into the muzzle of your rifle and line it up with the Nikon scope as closely as you can. Look through the scope. You should see two different sets of reticles, or crosshairs. One is the scope itself; the other is the boresighter. Adjust the elevation and windage on the scope so the crosshairs overlap and only one set is visible. | Mid | [
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9.1 Information Design Your habits, behaviors, and activities indicate who you are as a person. A life chart gives a visual representation of your daily information over time. An example of a life chart is shown. Estimate the amount of time you allocate to your daily activities for a typical week. Use the data to create a life chart like the one shown. Worked-Out Solution An easy way to show the time you spend on your daily activities is to enter the times into a spreadsheet. Then you can use a spreadsheet area chart to create a life chart for your data. Sample answer: Comments (0) These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it. When posting a comment, you agree to our Terms of Use. Your habits, behaviors, and activities indicate who you are as a person. A life chart gives a visual representation of your daily information over time. An example of a life chart is shown. How might your life chart for a year differ from your life chart for a week? Comments (0) These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it. When posting a comment, you agree to our Terms of Use. Your habits, behaviors, and activities indicate who you are as a person. A life chart gives a visual representation of your daily information over time. An example of a life chart is shown. Explain why a chart like the one in Example 2 is better suited for the information displayed in a life chart than a chart like the one in Example 1. Worked-Out Solution The life chart above shows the changing parts of a whole in terms of the percents of the day spent on daily activities. Likewise, the stacked area graph in Example 2 (below) shows the changing parts of a whole in terms of the percents of the total Internet bit usage attributed to the different Internet activities. The stacked area graph in Example 1 (below), however, does not show parts of a whole in terms of percents that add up to 100%. Instead, it shows the numbers of accident fatalities in each category, and the total of the accidents for all the categories is a number that changes over time. Comments (0) These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it. When posting a comment, you agree to our Terms of Use. Your habits, behaviors, and activities indicate who you are as a person. A life chart gives a visual representation of your daily information over time. An example of a life chart is shown. Many people try to make lifestyle changes such as getting more sleep, saving more money, and losing weight. Do you think a life chart can help you make lifestyle changes over time? Explain your reasoning. Comments (0) These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it. When posting a comment, you agree to our Terms of Use. Other than time allocation, what are some other personal data that you can track to help manage your life? Worked-Out Solution There are many types of personal data that you can track to help manage your life. Several of these are income, expenses, debt, retirement savings, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol level, food consumption, exercise routine, study routine, social habits, personal goal accomplishment, etc. Comments (0) These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it. When posting a comment, you agree to our Terms of Use. Organize some data from one of the topics you listed in Exercise 27. Create an information design to present the data in a way that you have not seen in this textbook. Comments (0) These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it. When posting a comment, you agree to our Terms of Use. | Mid | [
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This week on the Rocket Punch Cast, Will and Cam group up to have an honest discussion about their first impressions with Anthem, the latest game from Bioware. With the multitude of mixed feelings over the internet on the title's release, the team talk about what Bioware got right and what they got wrong with their game, and give their impressions on how they are feeling with it so far. Plus, with the recent announcement of Reggis Fils-Aime leaving Nintendo, the team talk about their favorite memories of his tenure there, and also whether this will impact Nintendo in the future. All this, plus talk on the future of Xbox, Google's plans at GDC, and more! | Mid | [
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Q: Sorting Numbers when Words are present I have been trying to create a program which asks for a name and an age and stores them to a text file. My code is as follows: name_age=open('Name Age.txt','a') print('1. Writing to a text file') print('2. Reading a text file') print('3. Sorting') Choice=int(input('What do you want to do: ')) if Choice==1: Name=input('What is the Name: ') Age=int(input('What is the age: ')) Name_Age=Name,Age name_age.write(repr(Name_Age),'\n') print('Written result') if Choice==2: name_age=open('Name Age.txt','r') print('Reading the file') print(name_age.read(1000)) if Choice==3: print('Sorting') print('1. Alphabetical') print('2. Age') Choice=int(input('How do you want to sort(1/2): ')) if Choice==1: print('Sorting Alphabetically') print(sorted(name_age)) if Choice==2: print('Help Me HERE') #I Need Help here... How do you sort the textfile with the ages??? Then my code has the ability to allow the user to read the file from the program and sort the results. I can sort the results alphabetically but I cannot sort them in age order. Can you please help me do this A: You'd have to show us the structure of your file, but if it's something like bob 18 steve 28 mike 39 tom 22 You could do print(sorted(name_age, key = lambda i : int(i.split()[1]))) This works by splitting each line on whitespace, converting it to an int, then sorting by the number in element [1] instead of the first element which is their name. Edit: With the format Hanzalah, 14 you would use print(sorted(name_age, key = lambda i : int(i.split(',')[1]))) Edit 2: To sort highest to lowest, use the reverse argument print(sorted(name_age, key = lambda i : int(i.split(',')[1]), reverse=True)) | Mid | [
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THE EVOLUTION LIST THE EVOLUTION LIST is a forum for commentary, discussion, essays, news, and reviews that illuminate the theory of evolution and its implications in original and insightful ways. Unless otherwise noted, all materials may be quoted or re-published in full, with attribution to the author and THE EVOLUTION LIST. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of Cornell University, its administration, faculty, students, or staff. Sunday, April 27, 2008 Serial Endosymbiosis and Intelligent Design It's very gratifying to see Lynn Margulis finally getting the recognition that she deserves. As the most effective exponent of the serial endosymbiosis theory (SET) for the origin of eukaryotes, Lynn's work provides an excellent example of how ID should (but currently doesn't) proceed. During the late 1960s, Lynn published a series of revolutionary papers on the evolution of eukaryotic cells, culminating in her landmark book Symbiosis and Cell Evolution, in which she carefully laid out the empirical evidence supporting the theory that mitochondria, choloroplasts, and undulapodia (eukaryotic cilia and flagella) were once free living bacteria (purple sulfur bacteria, cyanobacteria, and spirochaetes, respectively). Her theory was greeted with contempt and scorn by almost all evolutionary biologists (sound familiar?), who believed at the time that all eukaryotic cellular organelles evolved by gradual elaboration of invaginations of the plasma membrane. But Lynn didn't give up, or continue to simply restate her original theory (sound familiar?). Instead, she continued to do extensive field and laboratory research, publishing hundreds of papers and dozens of books in which she presented the accumulating empirical evidence supporting her theory. With time, other researchers (encouraged by the success of her field and lab research) began to test her hypotheses themselves, and discovered yet more empirical evidence supporting her theory. And so today, Lynn Margulis's SET has become the dominant theory explaining not only the origin of eukaryotes, but also the origin of evolutionary novelty at dozens of different levels in biology (see her book, Acquiring Genomes for a comprehensive review). So well accepted has her work become by evolutionary biologists that finally, after almost four decades, creationists and ID supporters have begun to attack her theories. As she said at our Darwin Day celebration at Cornell this past February, no greater affirmation of one's "having arrived" as a major theorist in evolutionary biology could be imagined. The point here is that, if ID wants to become accepted as part of evolutionary biology in the same way that Lynn Margulis's SET has become accepted, then ID supporters have to do the same thing she did: get out in the field and get your hands dirty, and get into the lab and do the same thing. Her ideas were just as unorthodox and unacceptable in 1969 as ID is now. However, she didn't put all of her effort into public relations and political propaganda. No "Symbiosis Institute" dumped millions into the production of deliberately distorted press kits and one-sided propaganda films. Legions of self-appointed experts whose only exposure to biology was in high school classes or what they read on Answers in Genesis or Uncommon Descent bloviated on SET and declared themselves experts after a week of superficial study of articles on Wikipedia. No, Lynn and her colleagues did the hard work of finding the empirical evidence that eventually carried the day and established her SET as one of the bedrock foundations now worthy enough of respect as to earn the ire of the creationists and IDers. Her ideas are still radical, and still raise the blood pressure of many evolutionary biologists. Her dismissal of the "modern evolutionary synthesis" in particular is not popular among many evolutionary biologists, who are largely still mired in paradigms that are at least four decades of out of date. She has said some things about the "modern synthesis" that have brought smiles to the faces of the creationist quote-miners. The difference between her and them is that they can't even begin to claim any credibility in science; their "work" is entirely parasitic on hers, and deserves nothing but contempt. When the history of evolutionary biology in the 20th century is written (I hope to contribute to it myself, if I live long enough), the work of Lynn Margulis will rank right up there with the work of Fisher, Haldane, Wright, Dobzhansky, Mayr, Simpson, Stebbins, Gould, Lewontin, Kimura, Williams, Hamilton, Trivers, and the two Wilsons. And unless and until IDers decide that it's finally time to stop doing agitprop and start doing science, they and the creationists will at best be a trivial footnote. COURSE DESCRIPTION: This seminar addresses, in historical perspective, controversies about the cultural, philosophical, and scientific implications of evolutionary biology. Discussions focus upon questions about gods, free will, foundations for ethics, meaning in life, and life after death. Readings range from Charles Darwin to the present (see reading list, below). In 1871, Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man "…the first foundation of the moral sense lies in the social instincts…and these instincts no doubt were primarily gained…through natural selection.” A century later, Edward O. Wilson, inSociobiology: The New Synthesis, wrote “The biologist…realizes that self-knowledge is constrained and shaped by…natural selection. This simple statement must be pursued to explain ethics and ethical philosophers….” And so it has: in the past few years the publication of hypotheses for the evolution of ethics and “the moral sense” has become an explosive growth industry and a hot topic of debate. In this seminar course, we will take up this debate by considering two alternative hypotheses: (1) that ethics can be derived directly from human evolutionary biology, or (2) that ethics can only be derived from philosophical principles, which are not directly derivable from evolutionary biology. Included in this debate will be an extended consideration of the hypothesis that the capacity for ethical behavior is an evolutionary adaptation that has evolved by natural selection among our primate ancestors. We will read from some of the leading authors on the subject, including Frans de Waal, Paul Farber, Marc Hauser, T. H. Huxley, Richard Joyce, Elliott Sober, and David Sloan Wilson. Our intent will be to sort out the various issues at play, and to come to clarity on how those issues can be integrated into a perspective of the interplay between philosophy and the natural sciences. In addition to in-class discussions, course participants will have the opportunity to participate in online debates and discussions via the instructor's weblog. Students registered for the course will also have an opportunity to present their original research paper(s) to the class and to the general public via publication on the course weblog and via THE EVOLUTION LIST. INTENDED AUDIENCE: This course is intended primarily for students in biology, history, philosophy, and science & technology studies. The approach will be interdisciplinary, and the format will consist of in-depth readings across the disciplines and discussion of the issues raised by such readings. PREREQUISITES: None, although a knowledge of philosophical ethics, evolutionary psychology, and general evolutionary theory would be helpful. DAYS, TIMES, & PLACES: The course will meet on Tuesday and Thursday evenings from 6:00 to 9:00 PM in Mudd Hall, Room 409 (The Whittaker Seminar Room), beginning on Tuesday 24 June 2008 and ending on Thursday 31 July 2008. We will also have an end-of-course picnic on Friday 25 July 2008. CREDIT & GRADES: The course will be offered for 4 hours of credit, regardless of which course listing students choose to register for. Unless otherwise noted, course credit in BioEE 467/B&Soc 447 can be used to fulfill biology/science distribution requirements and Hist 415/S&TS 447 can be used to fulfill humanities distribution requirements (check with your college registrar's office for more information). Letter grades for this course will be based on the quality of written work on original research papers written by students, plus participation in class discussion. COURSE ENROLLMENT & REGISTRATION: All participants must be registered in the Cornell Six-Week Summer Session to attend class meetings and receive credit for the course (click here for for more information and to enroll for this course). Registration will be limited to the first 18 students who enroll for credit. Wright, Robert (1995) The moral animal: Why we are the way we are: The new science of evolutionary psychology. Vintage, New York, NY, ISBN #0679763996, $15.95 (paperback), 496 pages. COMMENTARY: Perhaps the most common fallacy in philosophy and science is the tendency to assume that because something is “natural” (whatever that means) it must, ipso facto, be “good” (whatever that means) as well. In last summer’s evolution and history of biology seminar, we talked about this tendency at some length. This summer I intend to make it the primary focus of our discussions. From a historical standpoint, the tendency to conflate “is” and “ought” statements has been one of the ongoing arguments about the implications of evolution ever since Darwin first proposed his theory in 1859. Indeed, Darwin himself wrote much on the subject, especially in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, his second most popular (and controversial) book. It has also been one of the sources of both confusion and controversy about evolution today. In particular, evolutionary psychologists (among whom I number myself) have struggled with this problem, not always successfully. Like last summer and the summer before, this is a fascinating topic and I hope that enough people will sign up for the course with opposing viewpoints on this subject to make for a very interesting and stimulating summer seminar. So, watch this space; when the course blog goes up, I will announce it here and provide links to all and sundry. And remember: "… the ethical progress of society depends, not on imitating [nature], still less in running away from it, but in combating it." – T. H. Huxley, Evolution and Ethics (1893) | High | [
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Gold futures ended lower on Wednesday for the first time in three sessions, closing at a more than three-week low. Gold for August delivery fell $13, or 1%, to settle at $1,319.30 an ounce on the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange. The settlement is the lowest since June 28 when gold ended at $1,317.90 an ounce. The daily loss was attributed to increased risk appetite and a stronger U.S. dollar. "The dollar’s strength continues to pressure most commodities, particularly gold," Bloomberg News quoted David Meger, director of metals trading at High Ridge Futures in Chicago. "Safe-haven demand has been diminishing, obviously with equity markets moving to new record highs." Gold futures ranged from a low of $1,314.30 to a high of $1,338.80. They rose 0.2% on Tuesday and climbed 0.1% on Monday. Silver for September delivery dropped 39.4 cents, or 2%, to settle at $19.613 an ounce. The close is the lowest since July 1 when silver ended at $19.61 an ounce. The precious metal traded between $19.44 and $20.05. In PGM futures on Wednesday: October platinum lost $7.10, or 0.7%, to $1,091.50 an ounce, ranging from $1,069.40 to $1,100.70. Palladium for September delivery jumped $19.60, or 3%, to $676 an ounce, trading between $648.30 and $677.20. London Precious Metals Prices In comparing earlier fixed London gold and silver prices from Tuesday PM to Wednesday PM: Gold fell $15, or 1.1%, to $1,315.90 an ounce. Silver declined 20 cents, or 1%, to $19.70 an ounce. LBMA platinum and palladium prices are available on the LBMA’s website with a delay of midnight. US Mint Bullion Coin Sales in 2016 United States Mint bullion sales registered increases of 3,500 ounces in American Eagle and Buffalo gold coins and 200,000 ounces in American Silver Eagles. Demand for 2016 Silver Eagles has slowed sharply in the last several weeks but their sales are still tracking a record. Their year-to-date total of 27,445,500 coins is 12.1% higher than the amount sold through same time in record-breaking year 2015. Below is a sales breakdown of U.S. Mint bullion products with columns listing the number of bullion coins sold during varying periods of time. | Low | [
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Q: Django 1.10 / Apache 2.4.18, Internal Server Error "No module named urls" (Ubuntu 16.04, Django 1.10, Apache 2.4.18, mod_wsgi, no virtualenv.) I finished my app (I'm NOT following the tutorial ;)), testing it using the light Django development server -- no errors there. Before deployment I want to test it 'at home' using an apache server on my laptop. I moved the project, called 'zarzif', to /var/www/html, so that manage.py is in /var/www/html/zarzif (and 'import zarzif' is working in that location). The file wsgi.py is in /var/www/html/zarzif/zarzif. My apache2.conf contains the following: WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/zarzif/zarzif/wsgi.py WSGIPythonPath /var/www/html/zarzif/ <Directory /var/www/html/zarzif/zarzif> <Files wsgi.py> Require all granted </Files> </Directory> However, starting the server and going to 127.0.0.1 results in "500 Internal Server Error" and the error.log says (in a few copies) from django.urls import reverse, referer: http://127.0.0.1/ ImportError: No module named urls, referer: http://127.0.0.1/ What am I doing wrong? I checked a few related questions, but I found none with this particular issue. Thanks in advance! (Not sure if this is important, but the group www-data owns both /var/www/html and /var/www/html/zarzif.) EDIT: @David542's solution below is to import reverse from django.core.urlresolvers instead. I have no idea why, since I'm using Django 1.10, but it worked. A: It looks like this has been deprecated since version 1.10: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/urlresolvers/#module-django.urls. "In older versions, these functions are located in django.core.urlresolvers". Here's what I'm doing to import reverse using a version prior to 1.10+ >>> import django >>> django.VERSION (1, 4, 13, 'final', 0) >>> from django.urls import reverse Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named urls >>> from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse >>> | Mid | [
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Replies to This Discussion I teach college and I always have at least one student jumping out of his/her chair to point out that "under God" was not part of the original pledge. I almost always beat them to it! :) They also appreciate my pointing out that our original national motto was NOT "In God We Trust" and that phrase was NOT originally on our currency. I often have a student or two try to stress that "the founding fathers" put those things in place when it is absolutely not true. The ignorance and misinformation never fails to astound (and sadden) me. I can't even count how many people I've talked to that insist this country was founded as a xian country, and that all the the founding fathers were xian. When the Treaty of Tripoli is pointed out, they scoff and completely blow it off because it is not part of the actual founding documents. Then they will turn right around and use some passage out of an obscure letter that someone wrote where they mentioned "the creator" as "proof" that they were all xian. They will also chastise me for not knowing anything about the founding fathers until I start quoting page and paragraph from Common Sense. Thomas Paine was very decidedly NOT a xian and had no use whatsoever for the church. I'm also amazed at how people ignore that the founding fathers (and consequently all the documentation for the founding of our nation) were around LONG before Darwin came up with the Origin of Species. If it had been around before the mid-18th century, almost every founding father would have assuredly understood and accepted the concept without hesitation. But I digress. My point is that religion as a whole is based on ignorance and misinformation. And, yes, it is very sad. The Book: Lies My Teacher Told Me is worth reading. It covers the myth of the Pilgrims being the first settlement and as I recall it said they were chased out of England for being extreme religious fanatics, but that may have been in something else I read. In any event - As a Virginian, I can tell you that "we" take offense to the misconception that the New England "pilgrims" were the first immigrants--why do "we" negate" the indigenous population???--to the "new world." The Jamestown settlement predated it as did those in what is now Florida. Thanks for pointing that out and for the book referral. "underdog" is kinda silly, and doesn't really say anything meaningful. I'm sure it was brilliant as a 4th grader, but I'll stick with a silent moment: "One nation....... indivisible with liberty and justice for all" It's sure become an ingrained civic tradition. I like the pledge, I think it's good for maintaining patriotism and popular unity. I'd love to see 'under God' scrapped, so that the pledge is in line with separation of church and state. Government traditions which validate the enmeshment of church and state are dangerous and unconstitutional. On a side note, I went to Catholic school for a couple years. Each morning we said 'the Our Father' and then the pledge. I swear I thought the pledge was another prayer for years! Even now when I say the pledge, I sometimes feel like tacking on some gobble-de-gook about Jesus ascending to heaven and being seated at the right hand of the father. Now mixing my prayers up too. :D :-) :-l :-( : [ isn't it? it's a prayer to the United States (rather than God). Recital is required, for brainwashing purposes (there's a reason people are so over-the-top patriotic instead of being open-minded; it's because the US Govt forced young moldable minds to recite the pledge every day of their lives). No big deal. From the beginning, I just closed my mouth on the "...under God" part. Actually, I have stopped reciting the Pledge at all; and when I was a teacher, I refused to require my classes to recite it. I see no compelling reason why people should owe allegiance to whatever country they happen to inhabit, much less some non-existent deity. And, in fact, few countries are so chauvinistic as to demand this of its citizens. They believe that a government owes allegiance to its people; not the other way around. And neither should owe allegiance to some god or other. Here's what our revered Pledge REALLY says: ...”I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the corporate plutocracy for which it stands, one empire, under a mythical deity, with liberty and justice for rich, white men.” How’s this for a better pledge: “I pledge allegiance to the people of the world, and to their health, welfare, and prosperity.” That’s a sentiment I would gladly embrace aloud. Okay, Republicans, all together now: "WHY DON'T YOU LEAVE THE COUNTRY?" Believe me, if I'd known what I know now when I was younger, I would have tried. I did apply for a job in Canada, where they don't torture prisoners; don't slaughter innocent civilians for economic gain; don't spy on their citizens without a warrant; don't permit any cowboy wannabe to carry a gun; don't deny free health care to anyone, don't deny people the right to love whom they wish; don't discriminate by reason of language or skin color; and - most of all - don't seek to start wars at the drop of a hat. Unfortunately, Canada had no need, in 1976, of my particular skills. Besides, I do love this country; at least the part of it where I live. And I feel I am contributing more to its improvement by staying and fighting against the things I think are hurting it, like religion, incipient fascism, and blind patriotism. | Mid | [
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Q: How to get this dice code to display the new rolled die in AndEngine? So I'm attempting to create a scene in my game like the Mario Party, hit the dice, type thing. But there's a random moving question mark die, and upon touch, should randomly pick a number 1 - 6, and display the corresponding texture. But it doesn't seem to either register the touch, or display the new die. But so far only the random question mark die movement seems to work, and won't show any "dice hit" And what would be the best way to accomplish this? As in, best coding practice. Because this seems a little off.. public class Dice extends Sprite implements IEntity { private final PhysicsHandler mPhysicsHandler; Random randomGenerator = new Random(); private float RandomX; private float RandomY; private int CAMERA_WIDTH = 960; private int CAMERA_HEIGHT = 540; public static Sprite newDiceSprite; public int mDiceHit; public Dice(final float pX, final float pY, final ITextureRegion pTextureRegion, final VertexBufferObjectManager pVertexBufferObjectManager) { super(pX, pY, pTextureRegion, pVertexBufferObjectManager); this.mPhysicsHandler = new PhysicsHandler(this); this.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsHandler); RandomX = randomGenerator.nextInt(3); RandomY = randomGenerator.nextInt(3); RandomX = RandomX * 100; RandomY = RandomY * 100; this.mPhysicsHandler.setVelocity(RandomX, RandomY); } @Override protected void onManagedUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) { if (this.mX < 0) { this.mPhysicsHandler.setVelocityX(RandomX); } else if (this.mX + this.getWidth() > CAMERA_WIDTH) { this.mPhysicsHandler.setVelocityX(-RandomX); } if (this.mY < 0) { this.mPhysicsHandler.setVelocityY(RandomY); } else if (this.mY + this.getHeight() > CAMERA_HEIGHT) { this.mPhysicsHandler.setVelocityY(-RandomY); } super.onManagedUpdate(pSecondsElapsed); } @Override public boolean onAreaTouched(final TouchEvent pAreaTouchEvent, final float pTouchAreaLocalX, final float pTouchAreaLocalY) { switch (pAreaTouchEvent.getAction()) { case TouchEvent.ACTION_DOWN: // do action when button pressed down. rollDice(); break; case TouchEvent.ACTION_UP: // do action when button pressed up. break; } return super.onAreaTouched(pAreaTouchEvent, pTouchAreaLocalX, pTouchAreaLocalY); } public void rollDice() { Random rand = new Random(); mDiceHit = (rand.nextInt(5) + 1); if (mDiceHit == 1) { } else if (mDiceHit == 2) { } else if (mDiceHit == 3) { } else if (mDiceHit == 4) { } else if (mDiceHit == 5) { } else if (mDiceHit == 6) { //newDiceSprite = new Sprite(0,0, ResourceManager.dieSideSixTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine.getVertexBufferObjectManager()); //newDiceSprite.setPosition(400, 200); //ManagedGameScene.attachChild(newDiceSprite); GameLevel.newDice6(); } } } public class GameLevel extends ManagedGameScene { public static Sprite diceSprite; @Override public void onLoadScene() { super.onLoadScene(); Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(0f,0f,120f,120f,ResourceManager.getInstance().engine.getVertexBufferObjectManager()); rectangle.setPosition(MathUtils.random(0f+rectangle.getWidth(),(800f-rectangle.getWidth())), MathUtils.random((-240f+rectangle.getHeight()),(240f-rectangle.getHeight()))); //this.attachChild(rectangle); Random rand = new Random(); diceSprite = new Dice(rand.nextInt(500), rand.nextInt(350), ResourceManager.questionDiceTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine.getVertexBufferObjectManager()); diceSprite.setPosition(400, 200); this.attachChild(diceSprite); this.registerTouchArea(diceSprite); //chickenSprite.setVisible(true); } public static void newDice6() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Random rand = new Random(); diceSprite = new Dice(0, 0, ResourceManager.dieSideSixTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine.getVertexBufferObjectManager()); diceSprite.setPosition(400, 200); SceneManager.getInstance().mCurrentScene.attachChild(diceSprite); } } A: I figured it out, a simple switch works just fine. public boolean Roll() { ResourceManager.diceShake.play(); Random rand = new Random(); switch (rand.nextInt(6) + 1) { case 1: // dice_picture.setImageResource(R.drawable.one); dice1Sprite = new Dice(20, 20, ResourceManager.dieSideOneTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine .getVertexBufferObjectManager()); this.attachChild(dice1Sprite); break; case 2: // dice_picture.setImageResource(R.drawable.two); dice2Sprite = new Dice(40, 40, ResourceManager.dieSideTwoTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine .getVertexBufferObjectManager()); this.attachChild(dice2Sprite); break; case 3: // dice_picture.setImageResource(R.drawable.three); dice3Sprite = new Dice(60, 60, ResourceManager.dieSideThreeTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine .getVertexBufferObjectManager()); this.attachChild(dice3Sprite); break; case 4: // dice_picture.setImageResource(R.drawable.four); dice4Sprite = new Dice(80, 80, ResourceManager.dieSideFourTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine .getVertexBufferObjectManager()); this.attachChild(dice4Sprite); break; case 5: // dice_picture.setImageResource(R.drawable.five); dice5Sprite = new Dice(100, 100, ResourceManager.dieSideFiveTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine .getVertexBufferObjectManager()); this.attachChild(dice5Sprite); break; case 6: // dice_picture.setImageResource(R.drawable.six); dice6Sprite = new Dice(120, 120, ResourceManager.dieSideSixTextureRegion, ResourceManager.getInstance().engine .getVertexBufferObjectManager()); SceneManager.getInstance().mCurrentScene.attachChild(dice6Sprite); break; default: } rolling = false; // user can press again this.sortChildren(); return true; } | Mid | [
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Q: c++ std::normal_distribution gives inconsistent random numbers when restoring from file I'm writing a Monte Carlo simulation and implemented checkpointing. I want to obtain the exact same results, whether or not I restart the simulation from a checkpoint or continue beyond it. However, I encountered some weird behavior with std::normal_distribution: I am using a std::mt19937 rng; as the RNG and seed it to a fixed number. I draw a certain amount of random numbers via both std::uniform_real_distribution uniform; and std::normal_distribution normal;. Then, I write the state of the rng to an ofstream os: os << rng << endl; os << <some other stuff>... Immediately afterwards, I draw a couple more numbers: os << uniform(rng) << endl; os << uniform(rng) << endl; os << uniform(rng) << endl; os << normal(rng) << endl; os << normal(rng) << endl; os << normal(rng) << endl; os << uniform(rng) << endl; os << uniform(rng) << endl; os << uniform(rng) << endl; I get the following output: 0.727133 0.215537 0.516879 -2.12532 0.314652 1.78136 0.511111 0.83119 0.637067 If I however restart from the checkpoint, i.e. initializing the generator from an ifstream is: is >> rng; is >> <some other stuff>... and drawing the same 9 random numbers (3 uniform, 3 normal, 3 uniform), I get: 0.727133 0.215537 0.516879 0.314652 1.78136 1.28201 0.637067 0.298175 0.802607 You see, that the uniform numbers are identical until a normal number is drawn after which the states of the rng differs. Stepping through with gdb confirmed that. A: Look where 0.637067 is in the two outputs. You'll notice that the normal distribution had to pull more numbers from the rng when restored than it did when not restored. That's because it had entropy when you checkpointed. You must either save or reset the state of normal. I'd suggest calling reset on normal as part of the checkpoint process. | High | [
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The Unaffordable EpiPen The EpiPen is a lifesaving medical device. A single injection contains a small amount of epinephrine, which narrows blood vessels and opens airways in the lungs. This can alleviate the symptoms of a possibly fatal allergic reaction and save lives in case of anaphylaxis. An EpiPen injection can also help to lessen the symptoms of a life-threatening asthma attack. Last year, pharmaceutical manufacturer Mylan faced astronomical backlash for inflating the price of the EpiPen by almost 500 percent since 2007 (when Mylan acquired the device). The price of an EpiPen rose from roughly $57 in 2007 to $318 as of 2016. The injections that are essential lifesaving tools for many went from accessible necessities to luxury items. Since the public didn’t take well to their lives depending directly on their ability to afford a luxury-priced EpiPen, Mylan had to do something, so it started offering savings cards for the EpiPen and began producing a generic version that would cost $150 per injection. However, according to Science Alert reporter Fiona MacDonald, “Industry insiders were quick to criticize this apparent act of goodwill, with pharmaceutical experts telling NBC News…that they estimated an EpiPen would only cost around $30 to make.” As of today, however, those who need an EpiPen have another alternative. CVS, the largest pharmacy chain in America, has begun stocking its own generic EpiPen: the Adrenaclick. CVS will be offering this EpiPen generic alternative at a price of $109.99 for a pack of two. The Path to a Generic The path to developing a pharmaceutical is long and expensive. However, scientists are continually innovating in order to make essential medicines accessible for all. A family shouldn’t have to choose between food and medicine, and many in the healthcare field are working to make sure that they don’t have to. A group named Four Thieves Vinegar has challenged the current generic manufacturing of EpiPens by manufacturing their own. They don’t recommend that people try to make their own “DIY EpiPen,” but by publicizing its creation, the group has proven that it is not technological or biological necessity that is keeping affordable epinephrine off of shelves; it is simply a matter of corporate greed. Their creation has shown pharmaceutical companies and consumers alike that it is no longer acceptable for life and health to be a luxury only the rich can afford. Thankfully, the advancements that would allow for a cheaper EpiPen alternative to be produced exist. And, as CVS takes charge in dropping prices and making a generic option available, it will allow for competition that will, hopefully, drive down the price of an EpiPen pack eventually. CVS’s EpiPen might also one day become available in single doses, increasing accessibility even more and ensuring that no one has to worry about being able to afford this lifesaving device. | Mid | [
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Some stylist she is… I share an apartment with a roommate that is a hair stylist. The thing is that she is always telling me that I should try a relaxer or other treatment to fix my hair texture. She tells me that I don’t look polished with my hair the way it is and that I should care more about my appearance. :-? I really don’t want to relax my hair because I’m trying to recover my natural curl (that is some mix of 3b and 3c). This week she brought her blow drier and her iron and told me that she would like to see my hair straight. I told her that I didn’t like to straighten my hair and she replied that I was too lazy and should try new hairstyles (by hairstyles she means straight hair, by the way). I know I look totally different with straight hair, but I like my curly hair. :thumbup: The funny thing is that she has curly hair too, but straightens it. I think she wants me do the same thing she does, but that is just not my cup of tea. If she wants to change her hair texture that’s her business, but I don’t appreciate that kind of comments about my appearance. :angry2: 0 Comments Yeah I really think she is mostly expressing to you a side of herself, she is also showing her own enthusiasm by telling you about it. There is nothing wrong with two friends showing off their interests by excitedly bantering about themselves. Just draw your line, even by expressing that the both of you live together for now, but there is no reason that either of you should sacrifice your individuality. Umm, post back with further talk. You are right. The next time she suggest something like that I should clarify my preferences and let her know that while she is not wrong because she straightens her hair, I’m not wrong either because I want to keep mine natural. Maybe that way she will understand that not every curly hair girl wants to straighten their hair and that curly doesn’t necessarily means unpolished. :glasses1: Your roommate sounds like my mother--very annoying. I hate when people give unsolicited hair advice or opinions. What she said was very rude. The next time she brings it up just tell her firmly that you don't want to wear your hair straight and to not bring it up anymore. it takes a strong woman to rock natural hair Good hair is CLEAN, HEALTHY hair regardless of the length, color, or texture!! You know, when I read this thread, I was thinking about this idea that 'straight hair is more polished,' and I started thinking about female TV news anchors and weather women, both on local and national news. They ALL have stick-straight hair! :angry7: (Are there any exceptions out there?) In TV news, you have to be seen as professional and credible. I'd bet that has something to do with the all the straight hair. And the fact that they all have straight hair perpetuates the notion. What if you are a curly girl who wants to succeed in broadcast journalism? I guess you'd just have to give up your curls and straighten your hair relentlessly... what a shame. You know, when I read this thread, I was thinking about this idea that 'straight hair is more polished,' and I started thinking about female TV news anchors and weather women, both on local and national news. They ALL have stick-straight hair! :angry7: (Are there any exceptions out there?) In TV news, you have to be seen as professional and credible. I'd bet that has something to do with the all the straight hair. And the fact that they all have straight hair perpetuates the notion. What if you are a curly girl who wants to succeed in broadcast journalism? I guess you'd just have to give up your curls and straighten your hair relentlessly... what a shame. My friend who started out in this field and is a major curly girl, was told that her "beautiful curls" were too much of a distraction and that straight hair was "plain" and did not "receive any attention on its own." What do you all think?? Was this person just being diplomatic and / or shady or is there something to it? Is our hair so "beautiful and distracting" (can't say I would mind being described in that way...) that it would take the focus off of the news?? thats a big 10-4. Curly hair is so distracting it can make the observer feel compelled to pour their attention onto it, medusa like. Also if greek mythology was written in hypothetical stories that drew metaphors to reality, if it was, then what would that say about the ancient greeks view of curly hair, remember, they had drama and comedy in their scripts, different angle than today. So don't be sad if medusa get slain. I share an apartment with a roommate that is a hair stylist. The thing is that she is always telling me that I should try a relaxer or other treatment to fix my hair texture. She tells me that I don’t look polished with my hair the way it is and that I should care more about my appearance. :-? I really don’t want to relax my hair because I’m trying to recover my natural curl (that is some mix of 3b and 3c). This week she brought her blow drier and her iron and told me that she would like to see my hair straight. I told her that I didn’t like to straighten my hair and she replied that I was too lazy and should try new hairstyles (by hairstyles she means straight hair, by the way). I know I look totally different with straight hair, but I like my curly hair. :thumbup: The funny thing is that she has curly hair too, but straightens it. I think she wants me do the same thing she does, but that is just not my cup of tea. If she wants to change her hair texture that’s her business, but I don’t appreciate that kind of comments about my appearance. :angry2: Sounds like she is trying to impose her own curly hatred on you. A lot of the times I notice it's the people who are in curl denial themselves who are have the biggest problem with my hair. She definitely has some ingrained problems with curly hair and when she looks at your hair she can't appreciate the curls for what they are. And honestly, that sounds exactly like something a stylist would say. Most hair stylists I have met are not concerned with the health of hair, they are concerned with the style of hair. And their job would be obsolete if everyone like how their hair looked naturally. She is looking out for her best interest kind of like cigarette companies, get you addicted. You could be a potential csource of revenue for many years (until your hair can't take anymore that is) who could come to depend on her for a flat iron/blow out/relaxer session up to every 2-8 weeks. If she succeeds in making you feel your hair is not pretty, polished, suitable as it is that's just more $$$ for her or her industry. Hopefully you don't cave, make it very clear to her that if she doesn't like your hair, it's a good thing it's not her hair. And that her comments make you uncomfortable you like your hair just as it is. The sad part is there is a curly out there who is going to fall for this, she is going out into the world of hair salons and will probably straighten all her curly clients instead of helping them to embrace their curls. You know, when I read this thread, I was thinking about this idea that 'straight hair is more polished,' and I started thinking about female TV news anchors and weather women, both on local and national news. They ALL have stick-straight hair! :angry7: (Are there any exceptions out there?) In TV news, you have to be seen as professional and credible. I'd bet that has something to do with the all the straight hair. And the fact that they all have straight hair perpetuates the notion. What if you are a curly girl who wants to succeed in broadcast journalism? I guess you'd just have to give up your curls and straighten your hair relentlessly... what a shame. My friend who started out in this field and is a major curly girl, was told that her "beautiful curls" were too much of a distraction and that straight hair was "plain" and did not "receive any attention on its own." What do you all think?? Was this person just being diplomatic and / or shady or is there something to it? Is our hair so "beautiful and distracting" (can't say I would mind being described in that way...) that it would take the focus off of the news?? If a was a news anchor, I would have to have an "anchor wig". There's no way I would straighten my hair. It would be funny if her friend wore an "anchor wig", and whipped it off between takes and shook out the curls..LOL At least to me it would be.. "Back to you Bob". You know, when I read this thread, I was thinking about this idea that 'straight hair is more polished,' and I started thinking about female TV news anchors and weather women, both on local and national news. They ALL have stick-straight hair! :angry7: (Are there any exceptions out there?) In TV news, you have to be seen as professional and credible. I'd bet that has something to do with the all the straight hair. And the fact that they all have straight hair perpetuates the notion. What if you are a curly girl who wants to succeed in broadcast journalism? I guess you'd just have to give up your curls and straighten your hair relentlessly... what a shame. My friend who started out in this field and is a major curly girl, was told that her "beautiful curls" were too much of a distraction and that straight hair was "plain" and did not "receive any attention on its own." What do you all think?? Was this person just being diplomatic and / or shady or is there something to it? Is our hair so "beautiful and distracting" (can't say I would mind being described in that way...) that it would take the focus off of the news?? I have heard there are people on TV say they were told to straighten becuase curly hair does not reflect light well. But honestly you could say the same thing about certain skin colors but they still manage to put all shades of skin on TV (now). In my opinion, that's just an excuse, even if it's true there are ways around it. There are neat pulled back curly styles, braids, twists, etc. It's more a prejudice against curly hair and they latched onto a convenient excuse. Nothing that belongs to someone naturally should be told it's not suitable (skin color, hair texture, hair color) and if it is, there are deeper reasons than the lighting situation. Tolliver will read from her upcoming memoir, “Accidental Anchorwoman: Chance, Choice, Change.” Tolliver stopped relaxing her hair 38 years ago while working as a reporter for WABC-TV. Her new afro was deemed unsuitable and she was told she’d either have to straighten it or cover it up while on assignment for the White House wedding of President Nixon’s daughter, Tricia. When she failed to comply, she was banned from the news studio set until supportive viewers demanded her reinstatement. Gosh I think when I walk past certain stylist studios, and I see there fabu stylish angled bob and highlighted cuts, but i always see them giving them same old plain cuts to the people going in to pay for something new. It is so fascist, they take the peoples desires, these stylists, and then disregard their clients wishes, and do not give them anything daring or new or even fashionable, they give them plain boring looks, so once it grows in, the poor client thinks, "oh no my hair is acting up again, I need to go try to get this fixed". You know, when I read this thread, I was thinking about this idea that 'straight hair is more polished,' and I started thinking about female TV news anchors and weather women, both on local and national news. They ALL have stick-straight hair! :angry7: (Are there any exceptions out there?) In TV news, you have to be seen as professional and credible. I'd bet that has something to do with the all the straight hair. And the fact that they all have straight hair perpetuates the notion. What if you are a curly girl who wants to succeed in broadcast journalism? I guess you'd just have to give up your curls and straighten your hair relentlessly... what a shame. My friend who started out in this field and is a major curly girl, was told that her "beautiful curls" were too much of a distraction and that straight hair was "plain" and did not "receive any attention on its own." What do you all think?? Was this person just being diplomatic and / or shady or is there something to it? Is our hair so "beautiful and distracting" (can't say I would mind being described in that way...) that it would take the focus off of the news?? If a was a news anchor, I would have to have an "anchor wig". There's no way I would straighten my hair. It would be funny if her friend wore an "anchor wig", and whipped it off between takes and shook out the curls..LOL At least to me it would be.. "Back to you Bob". OMG. An anchor wig- that's freakin' awesome. HA!!!!! That's going to have me laughing to myself for the rest of the day... :laughing2: I'd be tempted to tell her you're ahead of the curve and she's behind it.<WEG> Any time stick straight hair is "in," it's about to be "out." They can only milk this thing so long. When they figure out that everyone who's going to cave and buy a straightening iron has done so, and that everyone who's been talked into "wanting" straightening serums has bottles of it coming out the wahzoo, they'll turn on a dime, and start pushing curls. (And your roommate isn't going to know how to do them or to deal with them if she's that deep in curl denial.) I don't get how straight is a style, though. It's the absence of, well, any sort of visual interest. An "artist" who drew nothing but straight lines would be able to design lined notebook paper. Curls on the other hand have infinite variety, and are visually captivating. You know, when I read this thread, I was thinking about this idea that 'straight hair is more polished,' and I started thinking about female TV news anchors and weather women, both on local and national news. They ALL have stick-straight hair! :angry7: (Are there any exceptions out there?) In TV news, you have to be seen as professional and credible. I'd bet that has something to do with the all the straight hair. And the fact that they all have straight hair perpetuates the notion. What if you are a curly girl who wants to succeed in broadcast journalism? I guess you'd just have to give up your curls and straighten your hair relentlessly... what a shame. Amy Holmes. She's the first one that came to mind when thinking of curls and anchors and tv. I'd be tempted to tell her you're ahead of the curve and she's behind it.<WEG> Any time stick straight hair is "in," it's about to be "out." They can only milk this thing so long. When they figure out that everyone who's going to cave and buy a straightening iron has done so, and that everyone who's been talked into "wanting" straightening serums has bottles of it coming out the wahzoo, they'll turn on a dime, and start pushing curls. (And your roommate isn't going to know how to do them or to deal with them if she's that deep in curl denial.) I don't get how straight is a style, though. It's the absence of, well, any sort of visual interest. An "artist" who drew nothing but straight lines would be able to design lined notebook paper. Curls on the other hand have infinite variety, and are visually captivating. Funny, after reading this I thought of all my glossy fashion mags from this past month, all saying curls are "so big" right now. Of course, most of them show obviously straight hair which has been curled/rollered but still...they're on the curly pendulum again. Whoa, when I read this thread I identified with so many comments. I am sooooooooo tired of the current mind set that everyone must have stick-straight hair, and the notion that it is neater looking, more professional looking, more polished, more acceptable at work....blah blah blah.:blah5: My goodness, if you have a total of 3 hairs on your head that are curly, someone is right there to suggest that you flat iron those 3 "frizzy" strands and then suggest what serum you might try to calm your hair down.:sign5: Don't get me wrong, I have my hair blown out occasionally, and I like the option of wearing my hair either way, curly or straight, and I think everyone should wear their hair however they like, but puleeeeeeeez, it seems like society is scared :eek: of big hair, of curly hair, of frizz, of anything that is not "sleek and smooth". By all straightee standards, I would be considered to be having a "scary" hair day, and although no one at my job has said a word, some people look at me like I have two heads! My co-workers, as well as their teenage daughters, are obsessed with stick-straight hair. To which I just wanna :puker::puker::puker::puker::puker: There, I feel so much better, I just had to get that off my chest. I love my curls, even when they totally misbehave, and I feel sorry for all these women that look like store mannequins. In fact, some women that flat iron their hair all the time will occasionally have a day when they don't have time for the ritual and come in with wavy hair. If you tell that woman that her hair looks great, she will say "eeew, I feel so disgusting and messy". That's how brainwashed people are becoming. Sorry, didn't mean to go on and on and on, but this has been building up inside of me.:angry4: I totally feel your pain! I was at a conference for work recently. I work remotely and don't often see my coworkers more than a handful of times each quarter so I never really know what people's natural hair is like. After a very late work dinner and too much fun one night, we had an early breakfast meeting. Everyone's hair was slicked back into ponytails. I was shocked to see that almost all the straighties were really wavies/curlies! Seriously, they all looked great with their natural curls but you would have never known it. Their natural hair was their "messy, woke up too late hair." One of the Vice Presidents - a woman who always wears her hair curly (she has an amazing head of jet black almost waist-length 3b curls) laughed at all of them and said, "So you guys must think that I always wake up late and am very lazy!" When I told my husband about this, he commented that the Vice President had better things to do than spend hours in the bathroom with a "torture device." He is the biggest supporter of my transition from Japanese straightened hair to my natural curls...mainly because he remembers the good old days of me getting ready pretty quickly and my hair not stopping workouts or beach trips... Whoa, when I read this thread I identified with so many comments. I am sooooooooo tired of the current mind set that everyone must have stick-straight hair, and the notion that it is neater looking, more professional looking, more polished, more acceptable at work....blah blah blah.:blah5: My goodness, if you have a total of 3 hairs on your head that are curly, someone is right there to suggest that you flat iron those 3 "frizzy" strands and then suggest what serum you might try to calm your hair down.:sign5: Don't get me wrong, I have my hair blown out occasionally, and I like the option of wearing my hair either way, curly or straight, and I think everyone should wear their hair however they like, but puleeeeeeeez, it seems like society is scared :eek: of big hair, of curly hair, of frizz, of anything that is not "sleek and smooth". By all straightee standards, I would be considered to be having a "scary" hair day, and although no one at my job has said a word, some people look at me like I have two heads! My co-workers, as well as their teenage daughters, are obsessed with stick-straight hair. To which I just wanna :puker::puker::puker::puker::puker: There, I feel so much better, I just had to get that off my chest. I love my curls, even when they totally misbehave, and I feel sorry for all these women that look like store mannequins. In fact, some women that flat iron their hair all the time will occasionally have a day when they don't have time for the ritual and come in with wavy hair. If you tell that woman that her hair looks great, she will say "eeew, I feel so disgusting and messy". That's how brainwashed people are becoming. Sorry, didn't mean to go on and on and on, but this has been building up inside of me.:angry4: | Mid | [
0.539863325740318,
29.625,
25.25
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